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Sandra Bullock Reacts to Keanu Reeves Romance Rumors: 'Nope, But Who Knows?'
By Rachel McRady 4:44 AM PST, November 23, 2021
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They may have had off-the-charts chemistry on the big screen, but Sandra Bullock and Keanu Reeves insist they were never an item in real life. In a profile about 57-year-old Reeves for Esquire, Bullock opens up about the romance rumors surrounding her and her co-star while they filmed 1994's Speed and 2006's The Lake House.
"Nope. But who knows? Keanu's a guy who, I feel like, is friends with every woman he's ever dated," the 57-year-old actress says of Reeves. "I don't think there's anyone who has something horrible to say about him. So maybe we could have survived. I don't know."
Bullock, who was once engaged to Tate Donovan and dated Matthew McConaughey and Ryan Gosling, adds that she and Reeves never had to "survive anything" because they never were together romantically.
"We just get to grow up together on parallel roads and tip our hats and meet for a dinner and try to work together," she says. "And the longer time goes on, the more in awe I am of the human being. Would I have been able to say that if he had dumped me and made me angry? Probably not."
When it comes to reuniting with Bullock on screen, Reeves tells Esquire, "I sure hope so. She's such a wonderful artist and person. And, you know, I think we have good chemistry. And it would be really exciting and interesting to get the chance to perform with her again."
A post shared by Esquire (@esquire)
Bullock also opened up about rumors that she is joining the Marvel Cinematic Universe during an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live on Monday. She shared that her 11-year-old son, Louis, is a big anime and Spider-Man fan, and Kimmel brought up the rumor that she was once supposed to be cast in a Spider-Man movie.
"If that were a rumor that my son would have heard, do you know how much I would get him to do in the house? I would be so successful in my requests," she joked. "Who did they say I was going to be? HIs grandmother or something?"
Kimmel noted the character was Madam Web, who has psychic powers in the comic books. "So why was I not hired for this? What happened to the talks?" Bullock insisted. "I need to know because I think I would be amazing."
Reeves was also asked by Esquire about joining the Marvel universe. "It would be an honor. Some really amazing directors and visionaries," he says. "They're doing something no one's ever really done. It's special in that sense, in terms of the scale, the ambition, the production. So it'd be cool to be a part of that."
In addition to Bullock, the magazine brought up another one of Reeves' frequent co-stars, Winona Ryder, and the rumor that the two were legally married while on the set of Francis Ford Coppola's 1996 movie, Dracula.
"We did a whole take of a marriage ceremony with real priests," he recalls. "Winona says we are. Coppola says we are. So I guess we're married under the eyes of God."
Ryder also told ET in 2019 that she believes they are actually married. Check out that exclusive interview below.
Winona Ryder Thinks She Might Be Legally Married to Keanu Reeves (Exclusive)
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Keanu Reeves Turns 57: Why Fans Love the 'Respectful King'
Brad Pitt Joins Sandra Bullock and Channing Tatum's Romantic Comedy
From On-Screen Co-Stars to Real-Life Romance


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Médecine et hygiène
Marie Jean Pierre Flourens (1794–1867): an extraordinary scientist of his time | NCBI
23 Nov 2019 29 Nov 2019 lepontissalienLaisser un commentaire
via ncbi
Pierre Flourens (1794–1867)
Marie Jean Pierre Flourens was a French physician, famous for various significant discoveries relating to the nervous system, cerebral localisation and brain functions. He was known for his studies on brain physiology. He was one of the pioneers in the usage of experimental methods in neuroanatomy.
He was born on 15 April 1794, in Maureilhan, France. He received his medical degree from the University of Montpellier in 1809. He then went to Paris and worked with botanist Agustin de Condelle (1779–1841) and palaeontologists Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), and later became attracted to the study of neurophysiology. In 1833, Flourens became a Professor of Anatomy at the College de France. In 1838, he was returned as a deputy for the commune of Béziers. He was elected to the French Academy in 1840, in preference to Victor Hugo (1802–1885), and in 1845 he was given the légion d'honneur. He withdrew completely from political life in 1848 and accepted the Professorship of Natural History at the College de France in 1855.
In the 19th century, important research on vestibular and otological disorders was being performed. Flourens made the first experimental observations on the function of the vestibular labyrinth by extirpating each semicircular canal in pigeons. After the semicircular canal was cut, he found anomalous head movements in pigeons. Hearing was not affected when he cut the nerve fibres to these organs but it was discontinued when he cut the basilar papilla. Flourens proposed that the semicircular canals were involved in the maintenance of posture and balance. He hypothesised that a lesion in the semicircular canals was responsible for the previously described vestibular symptomatology.
Flourens was accepted as a pioneer of the modern theory of brain function.5 According to this theory, the brain acts only as a functional entity although specific functions are controlled by specifics parts of the brain. Flourens reached this theory using ablation and stimulation methods and many experimental investigations on mammalian species, especially rabbits and pigeons. Removing the cerebellum, the animal's muscular coordination and sense of equilibrium disappeared. He accepted that the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brainstem functioned globally as a whole, equipotential and in conjunction with every other part. Moreover, all cognitive functions were interrupted in pigeons when the cerebral hemispheres had been taken away. Flourens progressed the work of Julien‐Cesar Legallois (1770–1814) on respiratory control functions of the medulla oblongata. He reported that the medulla was responsible for vital functions, such as circulation and respiration. He observed that devastation of the medulla oblongata resulted in the death of the animal.
Phrenology was developed by Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1825). Its principles were that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that it consists of independent functioning units. These areas were considered to be responsible for different intellectual aptitudes and character traits, and the skull bone to reflect these differences. But Flourens rejected this theory and challenged Gall's localisationist view. The basic theory of phrenology, that personality is determined by skull shape, is now accepted as incorrect.
Apart from his neurophysiological studies, Flourens described the anaesthetic properties of chloroform and ethyl chloride. Flourens was a mentor for his pupils. Edmé Félix Alfred Vulpian (1826–1887), Gabriel Gustav Valentin (1810–1883) and many others studied under his supervision and made important contributions to neuroscience. Flourens died at Montgeron, near Paris, in 1867 and left behind him many articles and books.
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The writing during the daylight hours thing seems to be working as another good chunk of the script went down today. I'm actually belting through it only consulting my hand written notes afterwards. I had sketched up a really loose scene by scene but it seems to be falling to the wayside by just going with what seems natural to move onto once the previous one ends.
It's a forced mess indeed and there's massive gaping holes to plug once I'm done with the first run through. The first big concern is that there's no clear reason as to why the hell they're up there in the first place. There's a station, it has some plants on it and that's about it. It's going to help a lot once I've worked that bit out. Secondly I'm still thinking through stuff for the main character to do. She's stuck in a space station alone but what exactly can she physically do to help her situation? It's a tough one at the start as, bar the radio conversations she's secretly having with the one person back home who believes that her story is true, she really doesn't get that much to interact with until it's revealed that there's a double of the other bloke on board as well. The important thing at the moment though is to plow on.
More progress, more pages. Working on the script on my days off and aiming to get at least four or five pages done seems to work well. It sure beats doing a full day at work, coming home, having dinner, getting cleaned up, getting my son to bed and then starting to write. This usually means it's around 9:30pm and I'm starting to get tired. This usually means more blank staring and very little getting done. At least if I've done a few pages during the daylight hours I feel no guilt playing Grand Theft Auto in the evening.
The other piece of news today is an advert that dropped in via my email subscriptions. Somebody is looking for a writer to work on a feature script about witches with attention to historical detail. I've got in touch and told them about writing Order For Burning. We'll see how this one goes.
In all honesty it's probably been the best day of script writing I've had in a long while. I had the house to myself for a few hours after dropping my Son off at school, This helps when I get up and read stuff out aloud to check pacing without coming across as a lunatic. I had intended to be at my desk just after 9am but 'stuff' got in the way. I needed to go to the supermarket for apple and blackcurrant smoothie and I had a strong desire to buy chocolate on the way home. It might have eaten into the time a bit but it did mean that I'd left the house for a bit today which I think actually helped in the long run. The weather has been unusually warm and sunny for Scotland.
The script itself seems to have hit the 'settling point'. When you've given all the characters names and introduced them all so you can just get on with the story. The story itself is a little bit incoherent right now and I'm asking question if it as I go along.
For example I need to find a reason why they were in space in the first place. They've made all the effort to build a station and send it up there but what exactly were they going to find/do whilst they were all there? Whilst the bulk of this is well out of the way by the time the story begins it's important to lay it down for the opportunity to call back to it later.
I'm about fifteen minutes into the script, the rest runs in real time as the next hour and a half is spent trying to get back to Earth. At least there's chocolate in the house now though.
A question for you all, at what point does a story start?
I'm not looking for 'When I start writing' more thinking about what point do you tend to jump into the plot and start the actual story. Is it to do with the current sci fi script? Oh yeah, it's everything to do with the sci fi script. The main reason being that I reckon I might have gone in too late.
The intro with the penultimate scientist getting off the station and arriving back home on Earth works well enough. There's a moment of few of tension as the shuttle makes its way through the atmosphere. As an introduction it's not bad, there's hopefully a sense of wondering what the mission is and getting across the rather low budget nature of this space project. Our remaining scientist will be on her own for the few scenes until time lines start to split and the guy she thought was back on Earth is still on the ship (even though another time line version of him has made it to Earth). The film hinges on the fact they really didn't like each other during the whole experience so she's rather glad to be rid of him in the film's opening.
The problem is though that we never see them argue in the opening, they're completely separate. Is it worth, I wonder, showing a little bit beforehand to establish their relationship? Or does this just make for a really dull opening few scenes?


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A comparison of nutrient losses following grassland improvement using two different techniques in an upland area of mid-Wales
Published source details Roberts A.M., Hudson J.A. & Roberts G. (1989) A comparison of nutrient losses following grassland improvement using two different techniques in an upland area of mid-Wales. Soil Use and Management, 5, 174-179.
Amend the soil with formulated chemical compounds
Change tillage practices
A site comparison study in 1984-1987 on a peat overlaying clay soil in Plynlimon, UK (Roberts et al. 1989) found that about 10% of phosphorus from quick-release fertilizers (superphosphate) was lost through leaching, compared to slow-release fertilizers (basic slag) for which phosphorus levels in the soil were not affected. There were two sites, the first comprising 1.5 ha of soft rush Juncus effusus and purple moor grass Molinia caerulaea. This site was disc harrowed, and lime, basic slag, fertilizer and a nitrogenous fertilizer were applied. The second site (19.5 ha) contained purple moor grass and small areas of blanket mire Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum. Lime and phosphate fertilizer were applied at this site and grass seed was sown using the spike seeding method (a reduced tillage method whereby ground is spiked with a spike-aerator, then seed is broadcast over the soil). Soil and water samples were collected. Water flow and phosphorus levels were measured.
A site comparison study in 1984-1987 on peat overlaying clay soil in Plynlimon, UK (Roberts et al. 1989) found that disc harrowing can cause large quantities of nitrate to be released (18.2 mg N/l) compared to reduced tillage (less than 1 mg N/l). There were two sites: (1) 1.5 ha of soft rush Juncus effusus and purple moor grass Molinia caerulaea. The area was disc harrowed, and lime, basic slag, fertilizer and a nitrogenous fertilizer were applied; (2) 19.5 ha area with purple moor grass and small areas of blanket mire Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum. Lime and phosphate fertilizer were applied, then grass seed was sown using the spike seeding method (a reduced tillage method - ground is spiked with a spike-aerator, then seed is broadcast over the soil). Soil and water samples were collected. Water flow, nitrate, phosphorus and potassium levels were measured.


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Home / Latest News / MEMORABLE EVENING FOR THE SEAT ATECA
MEMORABLE EVENING FOR THE SEAT ATECA
Posted on: 8th Feb 2017
The SEAT Ateca received its first international accolade in Lisbon yesterday with the AUTOBEST recognition of the car as "Best Buy Car of Europe in 2017".
The prize-giving hosted by the Portuguese capital gathered representatives of the main European manufacturers, industry referents and the AUTOBEST's awards panel, led by their Chairman and Founder, Dan Vardie. SEAT President, Luca de Meo, was accompanied by executives of the company and part of the team involved in the awards.
De Meo expressed his pleasure at the prestigious award. "The Ateca was our main player in 2016, achieving important awards and doubling the sales forecast. The AUTOBEST panel's recognition is a source of pride for SEAT because it shows that our range, which in 2017 will be strengthened with the launch of the new Ibiza and the SEAT Arona, is widening in the right direction".
Dan Vardie, AUTOBEST Founder & Chairman, said that "The victory of SEAT Ateca is representing premieres for both SEAT and AUTOBEST. With a clear victory coming from the 31 Jury members from as many European countries, SEAT is taking the first AUTOBEST award in the history of the competition. The Ateca is a very convincing expression of SEAT's 'Created in Barcelona' concept, a new brand philosophy pioneered by the Spanish producer. Having the 'BEST Buy Car of Europe' a SUV, is a clear sign that these segments are representing the future of mobility, with a remarkable increase in the years to come. With Ateca and the other models coming on, SEAT is placing itself in the core of new trends of motoring. On behalf of the Jury members and myself, It is a great pleasure to congratulate all the people involved in the project".
The Ateca, boosting SEAT sales With its best sales since 2007, in 2016 SEAT delivered 410,200 vehicles, 2.6% more than in 2015. A considerable boost comes from the Ateca, with 24,200 cars delivered in its first six months on the market. The Ateca's success comes in addition to the growth of the Alhambra and the Leon, which is the brand's best-seller model.
VAT Number 434 9994 01. 0843 numbers cost 5p per minute from a standard BT landline. Calls from other networks and mobiles may vary. Calls may be recorded for training and quality purposes. Our CO2 and consumption values are provisional and are currently under review. Revised values will be published if necessary.


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About Chris Killian
Chris Killian
Chris Killian grew up outside of Nashville, TN, and was just a small guy with big dreams, but luckily for you, none of those dreams materialized and he decided to pursue stand-up comedy. Armed with a guitar, Chris' humor has been described as "edgy and smart," but that's probably because he styles his hair so that it looks like he doesn't style his hair. Make no mistake though – Chris' innocent and laid-back demeanor compounded with his aggressive hilarity consistently catches crowds off-guard. view more..
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Chris Killian grew up outside of Nashville, TN, and was just a small guy with big dreams, but luckily for you, none of those dreams materialized and he decided to pursue stand-up comedy. Armed with a guitar, Chris' humor has been described as "edgy and smart," but that's probably because he styles his hair so that it looks like he doesn't style his hair. Make no mistake though – Chris' innocent and laid-back demeanor compounded with his aggressive hilarity consistently catches crowds off-guard. He has been seen on Spike TV and has shared the stage with some of comedy's biggest names, including Greg Giraldo, Jon Reep, Steve-O from "Jackass," and nearly every comic from "Chelsea Lately." Plus, there's a rumor going around that catching one of Chris' shows automatically makes you cooler. Maybe it's just a rumor, but what if it isn't? Are you really willing to risk it?
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Wildwood Park is a large protected suburban wilderness near Thousand Oaks, California. The picnic area has ten grills so bring some meats for cooking. There are over 17 miles of multipurpose trails just waiting to be explored. This is also a great place for kite-flying on windy days.


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Eupelops latipilosus är en kvalsterart som först beskrevs av Ewing 1909.  Eupelops latipilosus ingår i släktet Eupelops och familjen Phenopelopidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Spindeldjur
latipilosus

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Be it for gaming, listening to youtube videos or hanging out in the coffee shop, a good pair of Earbuds are good to have in your collection. If you are a music lover and fed-up with the wired devices, then definitely you need Wireless Earbuds.
Compared to the wired earphones, wireless earbuds offer excellent bass sound, smooth, reliable, and deliver high performance throughout the lifespan. The lightweight and compact design make it easy to wear while running, driving without causing discomfort.
Ideally speaking, the best earbud brands should have good sound quality and minimal distortion. Before you purchase wireless earbuds online, you need to know a few essential parameters like types of earbuds, cost, sound quality, soft cushioning, wired vs. wireless technology, etc that we have mentioned in our Earbuds Buying Guide.
Here is the list of Best Earbuds in 2019 that are trending now. Look at the following comparison table to make an informed choice.
The very first one in the list of top 10 headphones is Apple Air-pods. If you are planning to buy earbuds that offer exceptional sound quality, then this is for you. This model supports only on all Apple devices like iPhone, iPad and Mac laptops.
To talk about the features, It includes optical sensors, Motion detection, and speed detection accelerometer and dual beam microphones. It eliminates the background noise and focuses entirely on the voice you hear from the other end.
This Air-pod automatically connects and plays favorite music on iPhone, iPad, etc. once you remove from the charging case. You don't have to manually turn on the settings, tap on the screen to activate Siri for changing the volume, songs or make a call. Once you charge the headphones, you can use it for 24 hours without any disturbances.
To conclude, the performance of Apple Air-pods is excellent and best to use for frequent travelers. It has long battery life and produces bass sound compared to traditional models. The only drawback is that it doesn't support Android devices and not suitable for all ear types.
24 hours of battery backup time.
Features dual optical sensors and motion-detection accelerometer.
Wireless Bluetooth technology with control switch.
Not suitable for all ear types.
Jabra earbud is yet another popular model that is best for music lovers. It has a good track record in producing wireless connectivity options without any distortion. For this reason, we've considered the best earbuds in 2019.
Compared to traditional models, it comes at high prices and the lightweight design makes it easy to carry to different locations.
With a single touch button on the earbuds, you can filter out the unwanted surrounding sound. You can seamlessly connect earbuds to the smartphones using Bluetooth 5.0 network.
Once you charge the battery with the help of pocket-friendly charging case, you can use it continuously for 15 hours. You can connect to Alexa, Google Assistant to get the information you want in searching for a restaurant, listening to songs, etc.
On the whole, Jabra wireless earbuds are available in 3 different sizes - small, medium and large. Moreover, it is easy to install, setup and use the way you like. The manufacturer claims that the product comes with 2 years warranty against water and dust. What we don't like is that it does not support Apple devices and the prices are too high for those who stick to the budget.
Easy to access and control with fingertips.
Comes in titanium black, gold beige and copper black colors.
Expensive wireless earbuds in the list.
Enjoy the true sound with the RHA headphones. This best suits those who are looking up to cutting-edge designs, excellent sound quality, and affordable price. For this reason, we have given as the best budget wireless earphone in the list of top 10.
It comes with Bluetooth 5.0 technology that enhances the call quality and music over the distance. The frequency range is between 20-20000 Hz and can communicate actively within 10-meters range.
The right connects earbuds have 25 hours of battery life to boost the mood while traveling. It is absolutely a sweat-proof which means it does not damage the earbuds when you are jogging or take a walk.
The noise isolation feature blocks the ambient noise to let you hear the sound emerging from the headphone. Unlike other brands, RHA earbuds offer three years of manufacturing warranty from the date of purchase.
To conclude, the performance of RHA True Connect wireless earbuds is good for the price. It is straightforward to pair with smart devices and carry to different locations effortlessly. The only downside is that it may not be comfortable for a few people to wear.
3 years of warranty services.
Battery life is around 25hours.
20-20000 Hz of the frequency range.
Sweat, splash, and weather resistant earbuds.
Stylish and compact design structure.
May not be comfortable for a few people.
Give it a try with Soundcore Wireless Earphones. It offers exceptional sound quality and brings joy when you listen to your favorite music. The superior calling experience will never let you compromise on the quality, and the 2-mics incorporates noise cancellation and stereo sound to enhance the user experience.
Enjoy 5 hours of non-stop listening and an additional 15 hours of power when you kept in the charging case. To add on, the batteries are made of lithium and polymer materials which improve the reliability and usage capabilities. The integrated touch control option monitors phone calls, play/pause the music at one go.
Above all, you will get a user-friendly manual which contains a set of instructions and guidelines to install the software and know how to use the earbuds.
The good thing about the earphones is that they are comfortable to wear for long durations and performance matches with the high-end models in the market. The only thing is that ear tips may damage quickly which is not a major issue. If the battery runs out of time then you should keep in the charging case to full charge and listen to songs.
Still, If you aren't convinced with this earbuds, then go with the other popular models in the list.
Number-5 is going to be from the top brand Sennheiser. Sennheiser is a multinational brand that designs and produces a wide range of products like earphones, mobile accessories, etc. One such model in the list is Sennheiser Wireless Earbuds.
The touchpad technology embedded on both the earbuds gives access to control the music by adjusting the volume or play/stop. The voice-assistant feature helps to navigate the device just like Apple Siri and Google assistance.
The slim and lightweight design of this wireless earbuds makes it easy to carry while traveling and the ear tips come in 4-sizes to secure comfortable fitting and deliver superior sound quality.
Wrapping up, Sennheiser wireless earbuds offer uncompromised sound for the users. It is made of high-quality premium finish and durable materials to ensure long-lasting and is the reason for being an expensive model in the list. Other than that, it's worth purchasing online.
5 hours of battery run time.
Made of durable materials with a premium finish.
When we talk about the sound quality and performance, nothing can beat the Bose Wireless Earbuds. These earbuds are for people who do workouts and listen to music daily.
What has included in the box?
It is specially designed to improve the signal strength and reliability of the wireless transmission network (i.e., an audio signal). Moreover, these Bose earbuds feature the optimized volume and digital signal processing for balancing the sound.
In general, water and earbuds is not a perfect combination. But, this model uses water-repellent mesh to keep the headphones dry inside and function appropriately without causing disturbances.
The earbuds can play continuously for 5 hours and once it is done keep in charging case for further usage. Also, the bose connect app gives full access to adjust the volume, change the music, and attend calls, etc.
To summarize, Bose earbud is an excellent choice for people with sensitive ears. The prices are a bit high because it uses quality materials and flexible options. It has a very short battery life of which you have to keep on charging mode for hours. Further, it is effortless to use and pair with smartphones.
Bluetooth antenna for reliable connections.
Battery life is not as expected.
If you are searching for something new, then Rowkin Wireless Earbuds should be your choice. It occupied 7th position in the list of because of the average battery life and sound quality. To impress the customers, it has come with a unique design in 3 different colors - black, slate, and cobalt.
Rowkin Micro Wireless Earbuds contains a lot of similar features noise filtration, Bluetooth, and smart connectivity app to improve the usage capabilities. Apart from that, the price is meager and comfortable to wear in-ears compared to other wireless earbuds.
This earbud produces dynamic and impacts bass sound with the touch controls. Further, it also includes Bluetooth 5.0 technology with LDS (Laser Direct Structuring) antenna for secure wireless communication at a certain distance.
The battery used in this product is rechargeable lithium-ion which has a lifespan of 17 hours on medium-level sounds to make audio/video calls, listen to live music and navigate settings through voice search.
The earbuds come with a capacity of 60 mAh and 870 mAh for portable charging case to fasten the charging process. Another important thing is that it has a decent fit in ears and blocks the surrounding sound with the echo cancellation technology.
Overall, the performance of Rowkin Wireless Earbuds is excellent and have a finite number of features that you expect from headphones. It is very comfortable to wear and navigate smartly using the voice assistant. There are few cons like not suitable for different people and damages quickly under the rain.
21 hours of charging time.
Ergonomic fit and touch controls.
Bluetooth 5.0 connectivity with LDS antenna.
Next one in the list is from the brand Sony. Sony is an international brand that comes with innovative designs and technology to compete with the popular brands of the same niche.
Sony Wireless Earbuds ranked number 8 in the list for its premium quality materials, reliability and flexible options. It has got the top-notch features like digital noise cancellation, Bluetooth, ambient sound and much more.
With a single tap on the button, you can make a hands-free calling and talk with friends or family members for hours. It is possible to give commands via voice search using Google assistant application.
These Sony earbuds are available in 4 different colors to select the right one that matches your style. It is highly comfortable, secure and ready to take along with you while traveling or at a gym.
The Bluetooth and NFC connectivity held a strong connection between the peripherals, and you won't be tangled with the wires. It uses IPX4-rating sweat and splash-resistant material along with silicon fitting to safeguard earbuds from damaging.
Above all, this sony earphone gives 3 hours of music playback time and 9 hours when you connect with the charging case. The major drawback of this sony headsets is that there is no warranty information given by the manufacturer and doesn't supply apple devices.
Nine hours of music playback time.
Power and volume buttons to monitor.
Best wireless earbuds for travelers.
Does not support Apple devices.
Number 9 in the list is Eargasm Earplugs. It has brought a revolutionary change in bringing the outstanding bass sound and ambient sound to match with the customer requirements.
It is a perfect device to communicate effectively with friends, family members and co-workers (public places, offices, industries and construction areas).
A pair of earplugs are ready to use immediately once you set up and pair with the smart devices. The presence of aluminum carrying case keeps the invention simple and protects from moisture and dust.
The hypo-allergenic soft silicone material makes it easy and comfortable to wear for a longer duration. Attenuation filter technology reduces the noise evenly by maintaining full sound and protects your ear (causing hearing loss).
Overall, it offers a decent performance by placing comfortably into the ears. It comes at inexpensive prices and best for noise reduction. The maker did not disclose the warranty information and is available in a single color (few may regret with the color option). Before paying the bill check Eargasm Earplugs Coupons to grab a discount on your purchase.
Note: Do not listen to music at high-volume, always operate earphones at safe mode.
Comfortable with the active fit design.
It is made of hypoallergenic silicone material.
Available in the single color.
Finally, we will end with the xFyro xS2 Wireless Earbud. This is yet another decent quality model that is designed to match with the customer requirements. Moreover, it has very nice reviews and ratings online. That's why we have listed among the best earphones in 2019.
Compared to other favorite headphones, they come in a sleek, compact design and protects the buds when kept for charging or paired with the smart devices - TV, laptop, mobiles, etc.
Moreover, it has built by keeping the client requirements like an ultra-comfort option, long battery life of 20-30 hours and superior sound quality.
These wireless earbuds use cutting-edge Bluetooth 5.0 technology for a seamless connection between the peripheral devices. With a built-in microphone and touch-buttons, you can make phone calls and also play/pause the soothing music with ease.
In a nutshell, the performance of this product is excellent and best for sports person. They are hard, waterproof and dustproof nature. The only downside is that you may experience the sound issues after using for a few months. Apart from that, it's worth purchasing online. While ordering from the official website they offering xFyro discount code to get a rebate on your shopping.
Lightweight and portable wireless earbuds.
Hands-free calling with HD sound.
Backed with a 1-year manufacturing warranty.
EarBuds Buying Guide - How to Choose the Right Earbud for You?
Now that you have come across the earbud brands in this article. Let us dive into the earbuds buying guide that helps to pick the right one for you.
The first and foremost things you should know is the types of earbuds available in the market. Earbuds are small, cheaper and paired with smartphones to listen to your favorite songs. Furthermore, they fit nicely into the ears and offer decent performance at the beginning. As the days go on, the situation became worse, and you may experience the poor sound quality.
Comes at an affordable price range.
Easy to set up and connect with smartphones.
Drop out easily from ears.
Sometimes you may have poor quality sound.
The question "which type of earbud should I prefer?" always arises in mind to select the right one for your requirement or that makes you comfortable to wear and hear the soothing music. As of now, there are only 2 different types of earbuds that are available in the market - wired earbuds and wireless earbuds. Let us discuss each type in detail.
Wired earbuds are the traditional earbuds that make use of the wired network to connect with the devices like PC's, laptops, tablets, mobiles, etc. to listen to the audio clipping. Though it looks simple with the ergonomic design, offers high-end performance to the users. Compared to wireless earbuds, wired earbuds are cheap and easy to pair without the need for software.
On the other end, you may experience noise when the connection is weak and supports only a few systems because of the port-connectivity option.
Easy to use and pair with the supported devices.
Supports only a few devices.
The second type in the list is wireless earbuds. It is the most popular model in recent times because of the wireless technology. To make a secure communication between the devices, it uses Bluetooth technology which supports over a distance (say in meters).
When you look at the wireless earbuds, it has come with plenty of designs to attract the customers. These are a bit pricey and offers excellent sound throughout the usage. The only downside is that it has a limited battery life. Apart from that, it's worth purchasing online.
Seamless connectivity and compatibility options.
Easy to pair with multiple devices - laptops, mobiles, tablets, etc.
Bit expensive than wired earbuds.
Irrespective of smart features, the sound quality is what matters the most. Sound quality is measured as when you play a song, you hear soothing music without any disturbances. You can also adjust the volume to (+/-) for better quality.
People are more concerned about the gadgets they use in day-to-day life. So, the manufacturers have come with a new feature called water-resistant earbuds. These models are newly introduced into the market to use during heavy rains and best to use for sports and fitness freaks.
Battery life is yet another critical factor that you should consider while purchasing wireless earbuds. Few brands come with long battery life and vice versa. If you are a frequent traveler or use earbuds regularly, then it is better to opt for earbuds with 8-10 hours of battery life.
Finally, we complete the earbud buying guide with the pricing factor. When you look at the high-end models in the store or online, they are a bit costly. It is because they offer top-notch performance in the industry. Few other brands are too cheap by featuring noise cancellation technology and surround sound. So, it's an individual's choice to choose the right one within your budget range.
What factors should I consider while purchasing an earbud?
To help you in choosing the best brand earbuds, you must be familiar with the parameters like frequency response, sound clarity, Bluetooth technology, noise filtration technology, material quality, and price. All these factors tend to improve the performance and makes it worth buying at stores or online.
Do earbuds come with water-resistant nature?
In the given list of top 10, few brands feature water-resistant nature. It keeps the earbuds safe from damaging when you move out in the rain or while swimming.
What are the side-effects of using earbuds?
Earbuds damage your hearing if you listen continuously for hours duration. If you listen to the music more than the required decibels, you may also experience headache, deafness, ear pain, and infections. So, it is required to listen to favorite music at optimum levels by adjusting the volume buttons.
How often can you wear earbuds in a day?
It is possible to wear earbuds for a longer duration in a soft tone. Ideally speaking, you can listen to the songs for 1 hour a day by limiting the volume to 60%. The higher the amount, the shorter the time duration should be.
How long do earbuds last?
Compared to cable earbuds, wireless devices have shorter battery life. On average, Bluetooth earbuds have 3-5 hours of charging time and 8 hours for wired earbuds.
How do wireless earbuds work?
The working of wireless earbuds is such that it can be paired to smart devices through Bluetooth network and share the audio information via IR or radio signals at a distance (meters).
What materials used in manufacturing earbuds?
Anyone who enjoys watching movies, songs, live events, etc. can connect earbuds to smart TVs, laptops, mobiles. They are flexible to use and delivers top-notch performance by featuring quality materials like plastic, aluminum, rubber, memory foam, PVC and copper.
This brings us to the conclusion part. So far we have discussed the best 10 earbuds that are in high demand. If you are very eager to purchase the best brand earbuds, then you must be familiar with the parameters like sound quality, noise filtration technology, earbud types, and the pricing factor.
Our top pick from the list is Apple Airpods that has incredible bass sound, battery life and comfortable to wear in-ear. It is best to use for all age groups and comes at decent prices to offer better sound quality.
If you think we are missing any of the popular models or have doubts regarding earbuds, let us know in the comment section. Our team of experts will be right away to answer your queries.


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Stellar multiplicity is widespread: although the multiplicity fraction decreases with age, it is possible that all stars are born in multiple systems \citep{Duchene2013,Reipurth2014}.
Some of these break up later due to dynamical interactions, but some survive for long enough to form circumbinary planets \citep{welsh2015}.
Such planets form in protoplanetary disks which may be substantially affected by the components of the stellar multiple system.
For example, depending on the separation, disks may be truncated from the outside (in case of a circumstellar disk) or from the inside (in case of a circumbinary disk, \citealt{Artymowicz1994}).
Eccentric binaries may induce spiral arms in the circumbinary disk \citep{Mayama2010,Takakuwa2017ApJ...837...86T,Wagner2018}.
While disk truncation may inhibit planet formation, there are indications that circumbinary disks may feed material to circumstellar disks, helping planet formation \citep{dutrey2014,boehler2017}.
All these processes and structures may affect grain growth and, consequently, planet formation \citep{Price2018}.

In order to understand the details of disk evolution and planet formation in binary and multiple systems, observations of the disks' thermal emission are indispensable.
If these observations have high spatial resolution, they can reveal the complex morphology of the circumstellar and circumbinary material, while data at multiple wavelengths help constrain the optical depth and the grain size distribution \citep{Birnstiel2010,Testi2014,Woitke2016}.
Here we present \mbox{1.3 mm}, high spatial resolution observations of the young binary L1551~IRS~5 taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
We analyze the structure of the cold material in the system at \mbox{20 au} resolution.

\section{Our target} \label{sec:target}
L1551 IRS 5 is a deeply embedded very young \mbox{($\sim$10$^5$ yr)} system at a distance of 147 $\pm$ 5 pc classified as a FUor-like object by \cite{Connelley2018ApJ...861..145C}.
It consists of a 0.8 \msun{} primary (N component), which dominates the system's luminosity, and a 0.3 \msun{} secondary (S component), which is invisible at near-infrared wavelengths \citep{Duchene2007}.
The separation of the binary is 0$\farcs$36 or \mbox{50 au} \citep{Liseau2005,Lim2016ApJ...826..153L}.
Its total bolometric luminosity is in the range of 25 -- 40 $L_{\odot}$ \citep{Osorio2003ApJ...586.1148O, Liseau2005}.
Both stars accrete at a much higher rate than normal T Tauri stars \citep[$\sim$10$^{-8}$ \msun{} yr$^{-1}$; e.g.][]{Gullbring1998ApJ...492..323G} with accretion rates of \mbox{$\dot{M_N}$ = \sci{6}{-6} \msun{} yr$^{-1}$} and \mbox{$\dot{M_S}$ = \sci{2}{-6} \msun{} yr$^{-1}$} \citep{Liseau2005}.
The sources also drive powerful radio jets observed at \mbox{7 mm} \citep{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L} and \mbox{3.5 cm} \citep{Rodriguez2003ApJ...586L.137R}.
According to the modeling of \cite{Osorio2003ApJ...586.1148O} the stars are surrounded by small, but massive circumstellar disks (CS disk masses: M$_{\rm disk,N}=0.25$ \msun{}, M$_{\rm disk,S}=0.1$ \msun{}, CS disk radii about \mbox{12 au} at \mbox{7 mm}), a circumbinary ring (CB ring mass: 0.4 \msun{}), and an envelope (envelope mass: 4 \msun{}).
Both CS disks have similar inclinations (45\degr) and position angles (150\degr, \citealt{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L}).

\section{Observations and data reduction} \label{sec:observations}
We observed L1551 IRS 5 in ALMA Cycle 4 (ID: 2016.1.00209.S; PI: Takami) with the 7\,m array using 11 antennas with projected baselines between 8.9 and 45 m on 2016 November 14, with the 12\,m array in compact configuration using 44 antennas with projected baselines between 15 and 500 m on 2018 April 24, and in extended configuration using  44 antennas with projected baselines between 30.5 m and 3.6 km on 2017 July 24. Data were taken in Band 6, with three spectral windows centered at the $^{12}$CO (at 30 kHz resolution), $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O $J=2-1$ lines (at 60\,kHz resolution), and  two continuum spectral windows of 1875 MHz bandwidth each, centered at 216.9\,GHz and 232.2\,GHz. Here we present the results of the continuum data; the analysis of line data will be presented in a later publication. The data sets were calibrated using CASA v.5.1.1 \citep{McMullin2007ASPC..376..127M}. We applied self-calibration for both the visibility phases and  amplitudes to improve signal-to-noise ratio. The common baselines between the three different observing configurations were consistent, therefore we concatenated them into a single data set which  recovers the emission in all spatial scales.
After excluding the channels with line emission from the combined data set, we created continuum images by cleaning using uniform and natural weighting.
For the uniform image the resulting synthesized beam size is \mbox{0$\farcs$144 $\times$ 0$\farcs$102} \mbox{(21 au $\times$ 15 au)} while the rms noise is \mbox{0.33 mJy beam$^{-1}$}.
In the case of the natural image the resulting synthesized beam size is \mbox{0$\farcs$198 $\times$ 0$\farcs$183} \mbox{(29 au $\times$ 27 au)} while the rms noise is \mbox{0.76 mJy beam$^{-1}$}.

\section{Structures in the continuum map} \label{sec:results}
\autoref{fig:map} (a, b) show the 1.3 mm continuum emission map of L1551 IRS 5 with the uniform and natural weighting schemes, respectively.
The binary system and its circumbinary material are clearly detected.
Based on the high SNR of our detections, we aimed to estimate geometrical properties of the CS disks based on the deconvolution of 2D Gaussians.
We used CASA's IMFIT tool to fit both CS disks simultaneously using a single 2D Gaussian for each disk.
We estimated the disks radii from the half-width half-maximum assuming a distance to the system of 147 $\pm$ 5 pc.
The disk inclinations were calculated from the ratio between the semi-axes and the position angles were directly taken from the deconvolved parameters.
Our results for the two CS disks are presented in \autoref{tab:gauss}.
We found that both disks are marginally resolved and their estimated radii indicate that both CS disks are fairly compact.
The resulting inclination and position angles are better constrained in the N disk, which is not surprising due to its slightly larger radius \citep{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L}.
However, as we show below, there are indications that the emission from our CS disks is mixed with other components, which cannot be resolved with the angular resolution of our current observations, and cause the large uncertainties in our fitting results.
From the centroids of our two-dimensional Gaussian function we estimated the separation between the two protostars to be 365 $\pm$ 4 mas \mbox{(51 $\pm$ 0.6 au)}; this separation is in agreement with the orbital analysis by \citet{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L}.

After removing the contribution from the fitted 2D Gaussians, the residuals showed that a single component was not enough to describe the emission from each CS disk, similar to the case of the 7 mm VLA observations of L1551 IRS 5 \citep{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L}.
We followed a procedure similar to \citet{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L} and used two 2D Gaussians to describe each circumstellar disk and found that the positions of the components are similar to those found in \citet{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L}, which were attributed to jet emission.
However, due to the beam size of our observations we are not able to clearly disentangle the emission from the CS disks and possible contribution from the jets; therefore, we cannot make a proper comparison between our results and those of \citet{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L}.

In Panels (e) and (f) of \autoref{fig:map} we show the residuals after subtracting the four best-fitted 2D Gaussians describing the CS disks.
In both residuals, we see extended circumbinary emission which had been reported in previous works \citep[e.g.][]{Chou2014ApJ...796...70C, Liu2018A&A...612A..54L}.
However, the present ones are the first resolved observations of the circumbinary material.
We estimated the radius, inclination and position angle of the extended emission by fitting an ellipse to all pixels above 12$\sigma$ in the residual images.
These results are also shown in \autoref{tab:gauss}.

Residuals in both the uniformly and naturally weighted maps show a bright source slightly to the north of the position of the CS N disk.
It has a peak emission of $\sim$13 mJy beam$^{-1}$ and $\sim$43 mJy beam$^{-1}$ for the uniform and natural residuals, respectively.
This source had not been detected previously, further analysis of this component is beyond the scope of this letter and will be presented in a follow-up paper.

The residuals show less emission in the center of the image, indicating the presence on a circumbinary ring.
This is more clearly seen in the uniform residuals (e), than in the natural residuals (f), due to the difference in beam sizes.
However, in both cases, the northern region of the CB ring is brighter than the southern region, which appears to be more extended.

In the top row of \autoref{fig:deprojected_rp} we show the deprojected residuals for both weighting schemes.
We began by using a 2D Gaussian to remove the bright source from panels (e) and (f) of \autoref{fig:map}, we rotated the remaining emission based on the position angle of the circumbinary emission and deprojected the residuals using the inclination angles of the CB rings.
In the bottom row of \autoref{fig:deprojected_rp} we show the azimuthally averaged radial profiles of both deprojected residuals.
We estimated the width of the ring by fitting a 1D Gaussian to the peak of the radial profiles and deconvolved them by their respective beams.
We found that the ring peaks at 100 $\pm$ 1 au and has a width of 38 $\pm$ 0.6 au.

In both weighting schemes, the residuals show the CB ring surrounded by faint emission which is interpreted as the dust contribution from the system's extended envelope.

\begin{figure*}[ht]
\plotone{fcsm_l1551irs5_maps}
\caption{1.3 mm continuum ALMA images of L1551 IRS 5.
The left and right columns are the uniform and natural weighted images, respectively.
The synthesized beam is shown in the bottom left corner of each panel.
Panels (a, b) show the complete flux range in logarithmic scale.
The uniform contours range from 3 to 283$\sigma$ and the natural contours range from 3 to 205$\sigma$, in both cases the contours are in logarithmic steps.
Panels (c, d) show the 2D Gaussian disk models for the CS disks.
Panels (e, f) show the residuals after subtracting the contribution from the CS disks.
The uniform contours range from 3 to 36$\sigma$ and the natural contours range from 3 to 56$\sigma$, in both cases the contours are in steps of 3$\sigma$.
\label{fig:map}}
\end{figure*}

\begin{deluxetable*}{ccccccc}[ht]
\tablecaption{Modeling results of the components of the L1551 IRS 5 system.\label{tab:gauss}}
\tablecolumns{8}
\tablewidth{0pt}
\tablehead{
\colhead{Weighting}&
\colhead{Radius}&
\colhead{Inclination}&
\colhead{Position angle}&
\colhead{Peak flux}&
\colhead{Integrated flux}&
\colhead{Disk mass}\\
\colhead{}&
\colhead{(au)}&
\colhead{(deg)}&
\colhead{(deg)}&
\colhead{(mJy beam$^{-1}$)}&
\colhead{(mJy)}&
\colhead{(\msun)}
}
\startdata
\multicolumn{7}{c}{North}\\
\tableline
Natural & 13.3 $\pm$ 3.5 & 35 $\pm$ 14 & 169 $\pm$ 31 & 146.0 $\pm$ 7.0 & 304 $\pm$ 22 & $>$\sci{6.03}{-3}\\
Uniform & 10.3 $\pm$ 1.8 & 40 $\pm$ 9 & 156 $\pm$ 16 & 92.5 $\pm$ 2.9 & 236 $\pm$ 10 & $>$\sci{4.68}{-3}\\
\tableline
\multicolumn{7}{c}{South}\\
\tableline
Natural & 14.0 $\pm$ 5.0 & 45 $\pm$ 15 & 80 $\pm$ 60 & 89.0 $\pm$ 7.0 & 178 $\pm$ 21 & $>$\sci{5.76}{-3}\\
Uniform &  8.8 $\pm$ 2.7 & 24 $\pm$ 25 & 110 $\pm$ 70 & 59.7 $\pm$ 2.9 & 137 $\pm$ 9 & $>$\sci{4.44}{-3}\\
\tableline
\multicolumn{7}{c}{Circumbinary Ring}\\
\tableline
Natural & 141.9 $\pm$ 7.4 & 61.5 $\pm$ 1.7 & 162 $\pm$ 2 & $-$ & 729.9 $\pm$ 81.9 & \sci{2.99}{-2}\\
Uniform & 136.8 $\pm$ 6.1 & 59.5 $\pm$ 1.4 & 161 $\pm$ 2 & $-$ & 474.5 $\pm$ 29.9 & \sci{1.95}{-2}\\
\enddata
\end{deluxetable*}

\begin{figure*}[ht]
\plotone{fcsm_l1551irs5_deprojected}
\caption{\emph{Top row:} Deprojected maps of the uniform and natural residuals, after the removal of the CS disks and the remaining bright source. The contours range from 12$\sigma$ to 24$\sigma$ and 27$\sigma$ for the uniform and natural images, respectively, with steps of 3$\sigma$. \emph{Bottom row:} Radial profiles of the deprojected residuals (solid lines), best fitted 1D Gaussian (dashed lines) and the residuals (dotted lines).
\label{fig:deprojected_rp}}
\end{figure*}

\section{Analysis}\label{sec:discussion}
\subsection{Photometry and in-band spectral indices}
We calculated the photometry of the two CS disks and the CB ring for both weighting schemes.
In the case of the CS disks, the photometry was done by integrating all emission inside of the fitted single component 2D Gaussians.
In the case of the CB ring, we used the residuals, shown in \autoref{fig:map} (e, f), and an elliptical annulus aperture with inner radius of \mbox{46 au} and outer radius of \mbox{285 au} with an inclination angle of 45\degr{} and a position angle of 161\degr.
The calculated fluxes are presented in \autoref{tab:gauss}.
The total flux of the two CS disks and the CB ring is similar to the 1.3 mm SMA fluxes presented by \citet{Liu2018A&A...612A..54L}, which did not resolve the individual components.

We used the visibilities of our two continuum spectral windows to estimate the spectral index $\alpha$ using
\begin{equation}
\alpha = \frac{\ln(F_{\nu_1}) - \ln(F_{\nu_2})}{\ln(\nu_1) - \ln(\nu_2)},
\end{equation}
where $\nu_1 = 232.2$, \mbox{$\nu_2 = 216.9$ GHz}, and $F_{\nu}$ is the amplitude for each spectral window.
We found that the longer baselines have $\alpha\approx2$ while the shorter baselines have $\alpha$ values between 2 and 3.
The smaller value of $\alpha$ for the shorter spatial scales can be an indication of the presence of larger dust grains in the CS disks or that the system becomes optically thick at these short spatial scales.
We note that because the continuum spectral window frequencies are too close together there are large uncertainties in the estimation of the spectral index.
However, the high SNR of our observations provides enough to perform a comparative analysis between the short and long baselines.

For completeness, we calculated the $\alpha$ index using the 7 mm ($\sim$43 GHz) VLA observations from \citet{Lim2016ApJ...826..153L} and our uniformly weighted integrated fluxes.
We obtained values of 2.32 $\pm$ 0.03 and 2.26 $\pm$ 0.04 for the North and South disks, respectively.

\subsection{Mass estimates for the components}
The disks around FUor stars are more massive than the disks around T Tauri stars \citep{Cieza2018MNRAS.474.4347C}.
Because the previously mentioned $\alpha$ index values indicate that our disks are probably optically thick, our mass estimates must be interpreted as conservative lower limits.
We calculated the dust masses using the following formula:

\begin{equation}
M_{\rm dust} = \frac{f\,d^2}{\kappa\,B_\nu(T_{\rm dust})},
\end{equation}

where $f$ is the integrated flux, $d$ is the distance \mbox{(147 $\pm$ 5 pc)}, $\kappa$ is the dust opacity (\mbox{0.22 m$^2$ kg$^{-1}$}) and $T_{\rm dust}$ is the dust temperature.
We calculated the brightness temperature for the peak of each CS disk and used it as an approximation of the dust temperatures for the CS disks: \mbox{$T_{\rm dust, N}$ = 160 K} and \mbox{$T_{\rm dust, S}$ = 100 K}.
For the CB ring we used \mbox{$T_{\rm dust, R}$ = 80 K}, which is the dust temperature at the characteristic radius of our radiative transfer model (see below).
Assuming a 100:1 gas-to-dust mass ratio, we calculated the total disk mass for each component and the results are presented in \autoref{tab:gauss}.
These mass lower limits could increase by a factor of up to 3 due to beam dilution effects.
In the following section, we present a comparison our mass lower limits with the mass estimates from other FUor disks.

\subsection{Structure of the circumbinary ring}
In panels \emph{e} and \emph{f} of \autoref{fig:map} we show the residuals after the removal of the CS disk contributions for the uniform and natural weighting schemes, respectively.
As mentioned earlier, the brighter areas in the northern and southern parts of the circumbinary emission are due to geometrical effects of an inclined optically thin dust ring.

We tested this scenario by building radiative transfer models using \mbox{RADMC-3D}\footnote{\url{http://www.ita.uni-heidelberg.de/~dullemond/software/radmc-3d/}} \citep{Dullemond2012ascl.soft02015D} and comparing them with the natural weighted residuals.
Each model was constructed using the parametrization presented in \cite{Andrews2009ApJ...700.1502A}, in which the surface density was described as

\begin{equation}\label{eq:sigmar}
    \Sigma(R) = \Sigma_c \left(\frac{R}{R_c}\right)^{-\gamma} \exp\left[-\left(\frac{R}{R_c}\right)^{2-\gamma}\right],
\end{equation}

where $R_c$ is the characteristic radius, $\gamma$ is the surface density gradient and $\Sigma_c$ is the surface density at the characteristic radius which is given by

\begin{equation}
    \Sigma_c = (2 - \gamma) \frac{M_{\rm dust}}{2\pi R_c^2}.
\end{equation}

Finally, the scale height is described as $H_R = R h$, where $h$ is the normalized scale height defined as

\begin{equation}
    h = h_c \left(\frac{R}{R_c}\right)^\psi ,
\end{equation}

where $h_c$ is the scale height at $R_c$ and $\psi$ indicates the disk flaring.
The models were generated using two heating sources with \mbox{T$_*$ = 10,000 K} and \mbox{R$_*$ = 2 R$_\odot$}; these values are roughly equivalent to the total bolometric luminosity of the system and are representative of the enhanced accretion rate.
We fixed the positions of the two heating sources to the peak emission of each CS disk, and assumed the heating sources and the circumbinary ring to be in the same plane.
We constructed images based on each model using the best-fitted inclination and position angles presented in \autoref{tab:gauss}.

We searched for the best fitting model by running a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) using the \textsc{EMCEE} Python module \citep{ForemanMackey2013PASP..125..306F} to explore the parameter space and maximize the likelihood function.

\begin{figure*}[ht]
\plotone{fcsm_l1551irs5_rt}
\caption{Radiative transfer modeling of the CB ring based on the natural weighted image of L1551 IRS 5. The colorscale is saturated at 30$\sigma$ to show the structured of the circumbinary material. Left panel shows our observations. Middle panel shows the best fit model convolved with the clean beam. Right panel shows the differences between the observations and the best fit model. The overplotted contours are from 3 to 27$\sigma$ in steps of 2$\sigma$.
\label{fig:rt}}
\end{figure*}

In \autoref{fig:rt} we present the natural weighted image, the convolved best-fitted model and the respective residuals.
The residuals show emission in the inner parts of the CB ring, which can be explained by dust in the inner cavity, and explain why our fitted characteristic ring radius of $R_c = 110.9^{+0.12}_{-0.18}\,$au is larger than the peak in the radial profile found in \autoref{fig:deprojected_rp}.
Additionally, there is positive residual emission north and south of the CS disks and negative residuals to the east of the position of the CB ring; these can be explained by a non-axysimmetric dust distribution and will require more detailed modeling.
Finally, there are two areas with a $\leq4\sigma$ significance in the northeast and southwest of the residual map, which are attributed to emission from the envelope.

\section{Discussion}
L1551 IRS 5 is a FUor-like system with two CS disks of the same age and, therefore, presents an interesting opportunity to compare the two disks.
The northern disk is $\sim$2 times brighter and only slightly larger than the southern disk, therefore we interpret this as an indicative that the northern source is the eruptive star.
This is supported by L-band observations presented by \citet{Duchene2007}, which showed the northern disk as a point-like source with a surrounding nebulosity and did not detect the southern source.

We put the CS disks of L1551 IRS 5 into context by comparing their sizes and masses to the sample presented in \citet{Cieza2018MNRAS.474.4347C}, where they analyzed eight young eruptive stars in contrast to a sample of T Tauri stars previously presented by \citet{Andrews2010ApJ...723.1241A}.
Our measured radii, presented in \autoref{tab:gauss}, indicate that the L1551 IRS 5 CS disks are smaller than the resolved sources in the \citet{Cieza2018MNRAS.474.4347C} sample.
The lower limits for the disk masses of each CS disk fall within the range of expected masses of T Tauri stars with small radii \citep[Figure 6 of][]{Cieza2018MNRAS.474.4347C}.
However, because the CS disks in L1551 IRS 5 could be optically thick, it is possible that we are underestimating their total masses by up to 90\% \citep{Liu2018A&A...612A..54L}, which would place the L1551 IRS 5 CS disks masses with what is expected from other FUor-like systems.

\citet{Tobin2018ApJ...867...43T} analyzed a sample of 17 Class 0 and Class I multiple-star systems with separations of less than 600 au using ALMA 1.3 mm and VLA 9.1 mm data.
They did not detect circum-multiple dust emission around any of the Class I systems; however, closer binaries are more likely to have circumbinary material \citep{Bate2000MNRAS.314...33B} and the closest separation for Class I systems in their sample is $\sim$90 au.
The in-band $\alpha$ spectral index values for the L1551 IRS 5 CS disks are similar to the spectral indexes presented by \citet{Tobin2018ApJ...867...43T}.

L1551 NE is a Class I protostellar binary system with a similar morphology to L1551 IRS 5: two CS disks, with a 70 au separation, and a CB ring.
Based on the ALMA 0.9 mm continuum images from \citet{Takakuwa2017ApJ...837...86T}, the biggest difference between the two systems is in their circumbinary ring brightness distribution.
Contrary to the relative axisymmetry of the L1551 IRS 5 CB ring, the western side of L1551 NE is much brighter than its eastern side, which only shows a few small clumps of material.
Additionally, the CS disks in L1551 NE are misaligned and not coplanar with the CB ring, which the authors suggested as an indication that the outer material from the CB ring is falling directly into the surfaces of the CS disks, instead of smoothly connecting with the outer parts of the disks.

\section{Summary}
In this work we have presented ALMA 1.3 mm continuum observations of L1551 IRS 5, a FUor-like object made up of two low-mass stars, each with a circumstellar disk, and a circumbinary ring.
The high-resolution of our observations has enabled us to clearly separate the three components of this system.

Having two circumstellar disks in the same FUor-like system opens up the possibility of analyzing each disk separately.
From the marginally resolved detection of the CS disks, we measured their radii and found that both of them are smaller than any of the previously resolved FUors at this wavelength.
The spectral index $\alpha$ indicated that the CS disks may be optically thick.
We calculated conservative lower limits for the total disk masses and found that they are in accordance with the expected values of other known FUor disks.

Based on the residuals, the circumbinary emission appears to be ring-shaped with a width of 38 $\pm$ 0.6 au.
From our radiative transfer modeling, the CB ring appears to be mostly axisymmetric with a smooth surface density.
We interpreted the more significant residuals as indication of small asymmetries in the circumbinary dust distribution.

Due to the complexity of the system and its distance, complementary observations with higher angular resolution and at different frequencies are necessary to 1) fully analyze the circumstellar disks, including their optically thick inner parts, 2) verify the presence of the third bright component and study its nature, 3) study the asymmetries found in the circumbinary material.

\acknowledgments
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 716155 (SACCRED).
This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA\#2016.1.00209.S.
ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan) and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile.
The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ.
On behalf of the SACCRED project we thank for the usage of MTA Cloud (\url{https://cloud.mta.hu/}) that significantly helped us achieving the results published in this paper.

\vspace{5mm}
\facilities{ALMA}

\software{astropy \citep{astropy}, CASA \citep{McMullin2007ASPC..376..127M}, EMCEE \citep{ForemanMackey2013PASP..125..306F}, RADMC-3D \citep{Dullemond2012ascl.soft02015D}}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Students will be able to learn about natural hazards, weather hazards and the causes and impacts of climate change.
Students will be able to learn about the biosphere and different types of ecosystems that exist which include the tropical rainforest and hot deserts.
Students will be able to learn about the coastal landscapes and glacial landscapes of the UK.
Students will be able to learn about the growth of urban areas in HIC and LIC through migration as well as the social, environmental and economic challenges and opportunities this presents.
Students will be able to learn about the variations in economic development, strategies for reducing the development gap and look at the rapid economic development of LICs and NEEs and how this can affect the UKs economy.
The students here will be required to draw together knowledge, understanding and skills from the other two units to show their breadth of understanding and an evaluative appreciation of the relationships between different aspects of geographical study.
Students will learn to become critical thinkers and problem solvers as be able to apply geographical skills and knowledge to particular issues.
Fieldwork is an essential aspect of geography that allows students to relate the geographical learning to real experiences. The students will need to undertake two fieldworks to carry out primary data which will link with subject content.
There has never been a better or more important time to study geography. With growing interest in issues such as climate change, migration, environmental degradation and social cohesion, geography is one of the most relevant courses you could choose to study. You will have the opportunity to investigate topical events around the world, using media, satellite images, internet and specific case studies. Geographers are also highly employable.
Students will gain a full GCSE in Geography, whilst acquiring valuable skills. Whatever your passion for the world - fascination with landscapes or concerns about inequality - geography will provide you with knowledge and transferable skills that will reward you personally and advance you professionally.


text:
Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in St. Marien enthält die  denkmalgeschützten, unbeweglichen Objekte der Gemeinde St. Marien in Oberösterreich (Bezirk Linz-Land).

Denkmäler

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

St. Marien
!


👋 You: You're starting a project that you hope will be adopted and used by your entire community, or at least a bunch of your colleagues and friends. You may already have an idea of what the product will look like in the end, and maybe you're already thinking about what tools you'll be using.
❓Why: Before you start building things, it's a good idea to think about the choices you have in deciding how and when and where your community will interact with your project. Do you foresee using many contributors and developers? Do you think that your project will primarily be used as a research tool by individual researchers, or is it meant to be a community resource that aggregates contributions by many researchers? Your answers to these questions may shape your choices on infrastructure.
👟 Take a step back! Before you start making decisions about your favorite technology stack or development platform, you should think about the infrastructure and trajectory of your project.
1. How will the project develop over time?
A project may need different infrastructure at different stages of growth. It's hard to predict a project's needs ahead of time, but planning for growth with a solid infrastructure strategy (and a governance plan) will set you up for success.
2. Where should your project live?
If you're developing a research tool, consider who your future users will be. Are they tech-savvy researchers who will be comfortable with installing software on their own computers? Will your users have consistent internet access? Do they primarily do their research on their own computers, through a separate server, or directly on the Web? If you're developing a mobile app, will your users have internet access while they're using your app? Will a significant number of users be expected to contribute code changes?
If you're developing a community or a community tool, consider how often your users will interact with each other and in what ways. Are they primarily interacting with each other through code fixes and data contributions? Are they going to be sharing personal experiences with each other? Will there be in-person meetups, and if so, how many and how often? Can community calls and online meetings substitute for in-person interaction? How interactive do you expect your web presence to be?
3. How will the community relate to the project?
It's useful to consider your community values from the beginning. If you put this off until problems emerge, it will be much harder to decide how and if to enforce unspoken values.
Additional design process and resources are discussed by Joey Lee here and here!


We are proposing to temporarily disable ranked matches. We would like your opinions and feedback.
Here is the problem: The high pressure environment of ranked play, especially when mixing brand new players and veterans does not result in a fun match for most players. We want to rework how ranked play happens to reduce/remove the rank disparity, but this will take some time. So as a short term solution we are proposing to disable ranked play. No-one will lose their current ranking or elo score.
- More veteran players in normal matches. We think this will be good for new players as they will get a chance to play with more experienced players in a low-stress environment.
- Some veteran players will no longer want to play. We understand that for some of you, ranked play is the only thing that matters. Remember that if you want to play a match with all high-level players, the lobby servers still exist.
We also considered raising the XP threshold for ranked play, but decided that it a) only delays the problem and b) appears to new players like we are trying to exclude them.


text:
Erica Loewe Helping to Open Doors for Black Press, Others at White House
In Erika Loewe's all-too-important job as director of African American media, she has ensured that the Black Press and other media of color have enjoyed unprecedented access to the White House and top administration and cabinet officials. "President Biden and Vice President Harris promised an administration that looks like America, and they have fulfilled that promise," Loewe said during a recent visit to the National Newspaper Publishers Association's (NNPA) headquarters at the Thurgood Marshall Center in Northwest, Washington, D.C.
(Pictured left to right): Karine Jean-Pierre, the nation's first Black press secretary, Erica Loewe, director of African American media and outgoing press secretary Jen Psaki.
By Stacy M. Brown, NNPA Newswire Senior National Correspondent
As Karine Jean-Pierre prepares to make history as the first Black press secretary at the White House, President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris have continued to ensure that African Americans – particularly Black women, helm crucial posts.
Alongside Jean-Pierre, there's chief of staff to Kate Bedingfield, Khanya Brann, outgoing press secretary Jen Psaki's chief of staff, Amanda Finney, and senior regional communications director, Rykia Dorsey.
Then, there's Erica Loewe.
In Loewe's all-too-important job as director of African American media, she has ensured that the Black Press and other media of color have enjoyed unprecedented access to the White House and top administration and cabinet officials.
"President Biden and Vice President Harris promised an administration that looks like America, and they have fulfilled that promise," Loewe said during a recent visit to the National Newspaper Publishers Association's (NNPA) headquarters at the Thurgood Marshall Center in Northwest, Washington, D.C.
There, Loewe sat for an interview with NNPA President and CEO Dr. Benjamin F. Chavis Jr., for his PBS-TV show, "The Chavis Chronicles."
"Since day one, the Biden-Harris Administration has valued diversity, empowered Black voices, and taken a whole-of-government approach to advance racial equity," she told Dr. Chavis during the episode scheduled to air later this year.
Loewe grew up in Miami after her mother gave birth to her in South Carolina.
She attended the University of Florida and later interned at the White House for President Barack Obama.
A prolific volunteer, Loewe has worked as press secretary and deputy communications director for U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Calif.) and as deputy communications director for Congressman James Clyburn (D-S.C.).
"Jim Clyburn is one of my favorite bosses, and he's been very clear that I need to tell people that I'm from Charleston even though I grew up in Miami," Loewe stated.
"He's a great man, and I've learned a lot from him," she remarked.
Her early influence came from her parents, particularly her mother and grandparents.
Loewe's father worked in the nonprofit sector and helped her to gain a focus on economic empowerment and business development.
Her mother worked for a city commissioner, allowing Loewe to spend time at City Hall.
"I have always been around people who lead and serve, to some extent," she said.
"My parents split up, but I lived with my mom and grandparents in a house full of love and laughter," she said.
While working in the Obama White House, Loewe lived with her family and worked under the director of African American outreach.
Now, as director of African American media, she said her life had come full circle.
"I'm back at the White House, and my mother lives with me," she said.
Loewe said her mother battles Alzheimer's disease, but "somewhere inside, she's there, proud of me."
Loewe said she has enjoyed returning to the White House and tries to stay out of the crosshairs of secret service.
"We have fun. They take their jobs very seriously and we do as well," Loewe said.
The fulfilling part of her job is allowing access to Black media and the American public, Loewe offered.
"There's nothing like being able to grant access to the White House for the very first time," Loewe declared. "It's a building people have seen on television and thought they may never get inside. But, our job is to provide access to people."
She exclaimed that the Biden-Harris administration had provided access never before experienced by the American public.
The administration also has remained the most inclusive in American history.
"Never has there been an administration that has uplifted and supported Black women as much as President Biden and Vice President Harris," Loewe asserted.
"It's just a fact. Numbers don't lie. The Honorable [Kamala] Harris is a Black woman who has lived experiences… She attended Howard University, and she's a member of the Divine Nine, the Black Church, and an advocate for Black maternal health and accurate home appraisals for Black people."
Loewe continued:
"There are more Black people in first time positions in the President's cabinet. You have the war in Ukraine and Gen. Lloyd Austin, the first Black to head the Department of Defense and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield. Two Black people you see every day making sure that we're providing aid to Ukraine."
She noted the Environmental Protection Agency's Michael Regan as the first Black person to lead there, and HUD Secretary Marcia Fudge, as examples of other Black appointees in the administration.
"These are not symbolic positions," Loewe concluded.
Categories: NNPA, White House, World & Nation Tags: Bakersfield, Los Angeles, Valleys


SENTRY the finish for terrazzo and VCT.
SENTRY, Superior gloss and durability in fewer coats.
Two coats. Two polish passes. That's it! Tough, mar resistant, hand sanitizer resistant. Sentry is a FAST DRY, gloss, low maintenance urethane floor finish. Use on VCT, terrazzo, and polished concrete.
Thin to win! Sentry will level fast off the mop. Large open areas are not a problem. Apply at a spread rate of 1800 SF per gallon. Allow to dry 15-20 minutes between coats.
Repair damaged areas fast. Time is money we all want to save both. Blend the area with a coarse (200, 400, 800) diamond pad, clean and microfiber mop the area, mop one to two very thin coats of Sentry. Finish polish with a diamond pad (1500-3000) or hogs hair pad. Fast and easy.
There is no learning curve with Sentry. Sentry has the quality benifits of a roll-on urethane and the ease in application of an acrylic flat mop application.
Sentry is perfectly suited for the toughest enviroments. Sentry has superior mar resistance. Sentry has incredible chemical resistance. See the physical properties chart for detailed test results.


BEIJING, April 15 (Xinhua) -- Thirty-one years after her birth via external fertilization and embryo transplantation, Zheng Mengzhu, China's first test-tube baby, gave birth on Monday in a Beijing hospital.
At 8:34 a.m., Zheng gave birth to a boy through caesarean section, said Zhao Yangyu, head of obstetrics at Peking University Third Hospital who performed the surgery. The boy weighs 3.85 kg, which is similar to his mother's birth-weight.
"The surgery went rather well. Both the mother and the baby are in stable condition," she said.
Zheng was born on March 10, 1988 in the same hospital as the first-ever test tube baby on Chinese mainland, 10 years after the first such baby was born in Britain.
Qiao Jie, director of the hospital, said the successful birth of Zheng's child marks another milestone in the history of assisted reproduction in China.
"China's test tube baby technology has reached leading levels in the world," she said.
Qiao said people are worried about whether a person born through the test-tube technology can naturally reproduce. Though many test-tube babies became adults and had their own children, the figure however is not large. "The birth today is further proof of the safety of assisted reproduction technology."


text:
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	if (argc != 2) {
		std::cout << "specify filename please" << std::endl;
		return 1;
	}

	CFGParser parser(argv[1]);
	CFG cfg(parser.getVariables(), parser.getTerminals(), parser.getProductionRules(), parser.getStartSymbol(), parser.getName());
	std::cout << cfg;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Skip navigation < >
Stephen and Harriet Myers Residence
Exhibition Menu
Albany Ale
Albany Billiard Balls
Albany Congress
Albany Female Proprietors
America's First Christmas Card
Anti-Rent Movement
Burden Iron Works
China Trade
Cold Weather Mission of the New York Air National Guard 109th Airlift Wing
Colonel Elmer Ellsworth (1837-1861), 11th New York Volunteers
Dudley Observatory
Dutch Material Culture
Emma Willard and Female Education
Empire State Plaza
Freihofer's
GE Monitor-Top Refrigerator
Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection
Henry Johnson
Hoffman's Playland
James Hall and Paleontology
Joseph Henry's Electrical Experiments
Mayor Erastus Corning 2nd
New York State Capitol
Perforated Toilet Paper
Port of Albany
Rapp Road Community
Saratoga Races
Shirt Collars
Troy-Bilt Rototillers
Tulip Festival
Van Rensselaer Patroonship
Vicarious Visions
WGY
Witenagemot Oak Peace Tree
This online exhibition has been supported by AT&T.
Skip navigation Previous Next
Stephen Myers, the leading figure in the Underground Railroad movement in the Capital Region during the 1840s and 1850s, was an African American activist who fought for the abolition of slavery in the United States. He also assisted freedom seekers, those who had escaped enslavement, in pursuit of their freedom. As the principal agent for the Vigilance Committee of the Underground Railroad in the 1850s, he coordinated the efforts of local citizens to provide food, clothing, shelter, housing, and employment for freedom seekers making their way into Albany.The Vigilance committee assisted thousands in the course of its work.
In addition, Myers led the fight for the rights of African Americans in housing, education, employment, and voting through political lobbying, public speaking, and using newspapers to educate the public. The broadside exhibited here shows Stephen Myers as a committee member, arranging a convention in Albany in support of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. While Myers was well known for his journalistic work with several African American newspapers, The Northern Star and Freeman's Advocate, published in Albany, was the most famous. His wife Harriet was also active in the work of helping freedom seekers and organizing local women to engage in Underground Railroad activities.
Stephen and Harriet lived in Albany's Arbor Hill neighborhood in the 1850s, in what is known today as the Stephen and Harriet Myers Residence. The Residence is a documented Underground Railroad site that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service Network to Freedom, and the New York State Underground Railroad Freedom Trail.
Stephen and Harriet Myers' Residence, 194 Livingston Avenue, Albany, New York
Photograph by Daniel Stewart, LensCraft Photo
Courtesy of The Underground Railroad History Project, Albany, New York
"God Save the Union!" Broadside
Letterpress on paper
Albany Institute of History & Art Library, PB 120
©2019 Albany Institute of History & Art 125 Washington Avenue Albany, NY 12210 TEL: 518.463.4478 E-MAIL: information@albanyinstitute.org
www.albanyinstitute.org


Dr. Hanna Wirman, researcher in touch screen technology for Orangutan enclosure enrichments, was invited to speak to the annual TEDxHong Kong 2012, themed "The Future of Fun" for this year with more than 800 attendees.
Hanna is generally interested in non-human animals as users of latest computer technologies and is currently researching and designing games for orangutans. She suggests that design for strangers like apes allow us dig into what and who we are as designers in order to revise our practices and to make more grounded decisions. Such design serves to raise awareness around Orangutans' endangered status and bring much-needed enrichment to the lives of captive individuals.
Currently a visiting professor of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Dr. Wirman's research was focused in developing enrichments for Orangutans through gaming interactions on touch screens. Her game devices already on testing phase at the Tasikoki Wildlife Rescue Centre in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Masarang Hong Kong and the Garuda Airlines, our Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) partner, have close partnerships with Dr. Wirman's research and we are excited to see advancements in enclosure enrichments in benefits of the great apes.


text:
Nearly half of all West Yorkshire's moorland fires 'caused deliberately', statistics reveal
Susie Beever
Published: 06:00 Saturday 11 January 2020
Deliberately-started fires on West Yorkshire's moorland account for nearly half of all of them, figures have revealed.
A Freedom of Information request submitted by the Yorkshire Evening Post revealed that of nearly 500 moorland fires since 2014, 218 (44%) were started deliberately.
Firefighters tackle a large fire on Ilkley Moor in April, 2019. Photo credit: Danny Lawson/PA Wire
Ilkley and Illingworth were the two fire stations most called to deal with moor fires, with 46 and 87 call outs respectively since January 2014.
Ilkley Moor suffered from a spate of fires last year, in both May and April, during spells of warm weather.
Arsonist Mohammed Zulkifl was later jailed for 27 months after admitting to setting fire to Ilkley Moor with a cigarette lighter at Easter because "he was cold", despite the weekend's unseasonably warm weather.
West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service revealed there were 497 fires involving heathland or moorland in the county between January 2014 and September 2019.
Devastation left by fire at Ilkley Moor in April 2019
Other fire stations regularly called out to moor fires were Todmorden in Calderdale, Meltham in the Holme Valley and Keighley.
Fires started by human activity are usually down to dropping cigarettes, barbecues and criminal activity, Bradford City Council's Countryside Manager Danny Jackson said.
"The effects are devastating and wide-ranging", he said.
"Ilkley Moor has only far returned as bracken since the fires last year.
Fire crews at the scene of a fire at Ilkley Moor in 2019
"Moorland fires cause the loss of wildlife from habitats being destroyed - many of which will not return for some time.
"They also affect the air quality and cause water pollution. Moorland peat absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and destroying it adds to the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
"Streams get polluted with ash which is carried downstream and costs water companies thousands to clean, which of course is paid for by home owners.
Walking festival takes fundraiser's widower back to Yorkshire Dales family roots
"Fires also make the land more susceptible to flooding, which is already a big issue for Yorkshire."
READ MORE: Ilkley Moor Fire: Scenes of devastation after fire crews battled large fire overnight
Last year, two local authorities in West Yorkshire announced a ban on barbeques and other human activity which could cause fires on moorland.
Calderdale and Kirklees councils introduced a Public Space Protection Order in April following a fire at Marsden Moor, near Huddersfield.
Anyone found lighting a fire or barbeque on moorland during the summer months faces a fine of up to £150.
However, not all deliberately-started fires were criminal.
Danny said the controlled burning of moorland peat is something many councils have carried out in order to destroy old or dead shrubbery to allow its regeneration and introduce wildlife back onto the moors, although this was a practice recently curbed by Bradford Council due to increasing concerns about climate change.


text:
La communauté de communes de Beauce et Gâtine est une ancienne communauté de communes française, située dans le département de Loir-et-Cher. Elle disparaît en janvier 2017 et la mise en effet de la nouvelle Communauté d'agglomération Territoires vendômois.

Géographie

Situation

Composition
Elle était composée des communes suivantes :

Historique
La communauté de communes de Beauce et Gâtine est née le .

Démographie
La communauté de communes de Beauce et Gâtine comptait  habitants (population légale INSEE) au  2012. La densité de population est de 23,4 hab./km.

Évolution démographique

Histogramme (élaboration graphique par Wikipédia)

Pyramide des âges

Politique communautaire

Représentation

Présidents de la communauté de communes

Conseil communautaire

Compétences
 Développement économique
 Aménagement de l'espace
 Protection et mise en valeur de l'environnement
 Politique du logement et cadre de vie
 Aménagement et entretien de la voirie
 Équipements sportifs et culturels
 Tourisme
 Éclairage public

À l'intérieur de chaque compétence, les élus ont défini « l'intérêt communautaire » qui permet de déterminer ce qui reste de compétence communale et ce qui effectivement transféré à la Communauté.

Finances locales

Projet communautaire

Identité visuelle

Notes et références

Pour approfondir

Articles connexes
 Liste des intercommunalités de Loir-et-Cher

Liens externes
 Site officiel de la communauté de communes
 Insse - Chiffres clés : EPCI de La CC Beauce et Gâtine (244100772)

Lien externe

Beauce et Gâtine


I heard it said that people are like tea bags. Put them in hot water and you'll see what they're made of.
What do you revert to when you face hardships?
This week we got a peek into the deep fractures in the armor of human nature as the conquest of the prison continues. The prison is clearly a fortress worth fighting for… but at what cost?
But what if these prisoners posed a threat to the group, Tomas, for example? How do you deal with perceived threats like him?
Tomas: It was coming at me, bro.
Even if you agreed with Rick's actions toward Tomas, did that make the other prisoners guilty by association? Is the mere fact that they were incarcerated enough to make them untrustworthy? Or does each person have an individual right to hear his or her case pleaded?
That's the argument Axel argues.
Axel: Sir, please, listen to me! It was them that was bad. It wasn't us.
Axel: You saw what he did to Tiny. He was my friend. Please. We ain't like that. I like my pharmaceuticals, but I'm no killer. Oscar here. He's a B&E, and he ain't very good at it either. We ain't the violent kind. They were! Please. I swear to God! I wanna live!
Rick: (to Oscar) What about you?
Oscar: I ain't ever pleaded for my life, and I ain't about to start now. So do what you gotta do.
Rick leads them to another cell block. Dead bodies stretch across the floor.
Axel: (looking around at the bodies) Oh man. I know these guys—they were good men.
Oscar: So you're just gonna leave us in here? Man! This is sick!
Rick: We're locking down the cell block. From now on, this part of the prison is yours. Take it or leave it. That was the deal.
Daryl: You think this is sick? You don't wanna know what's outside.
Rick: Consider yourself the lucky ones.
Daryl: Sorry about your friends, man.
1. Rick hasn't killed a lot of the "living" so far in this series. Why do you think he killed Tomas?
2. Was he right? Explain.
3. What would you have done with the other prisoners?
4. Did you sense a different feeling from Daryl than Rick towards the prisoners?
5. What authority do we depend on when no authority exists?
6. What authority do most people revert to when chaos ensues?
7. What verdict did Rick eventually choose for the remaining prisoners?
8. Why do you think Rick chose mercy?
9. Was he right? Explain.
Without the foundation of a God-given authority, human nature often reverts to a savage state… survival of the fittest. Winner takes all!
God has offered us something so much better: Mercy. Grace.
Rick was able to find a merciful solution that didn't endanger his group. Inconvenient? Yes. But mercy won.


text:
2021 Acura TLX's Revolutionary New Airbag Cradles Your Head Like a Catcher's Mitt
Its design aims to reduce the risk of serious brain injuries in angled frontal impacts, with the goal of earning an IIHS Top Safety Pick+ rating.
By Stef Schrader June 18, 2020
Screencap via Acura
Stef Schrader View Stef Schrader's Articles
stefthepef stefthepef
The 2021 Acura TLX comes with one great new feature you'll never want to use: the first-ever passenger-side airbag designed to reduce the risk of serious brain injury in angled front-end collisions.
The passenger side of a vehicle is an especially tricky place for airbag designers. Occupants sit further away from the airbag itself, and thus, have more room to get tossed around before they hit an airbag. Oblique-angle front impacts—the kind where only part of the front is hit—are some of the worst, as the body gets tossed forwards as well as sideways. The lateral forces involved in such crashes can cause the passenger's head to twist violently at high velocity, or worse—slide off of a conventional front airbag.
That's why Acura's new airbag is shaped like a basket, with two tall inflated cushions branching out from one bottom inflated cushion.
The new TLX airbag uses one conventional inflator as you'd find in any regular single-chamber modern airbag, but it's the multi-chambered shape of the bag itself which makes it more effective at reducing the risk of brain injury. This new airbag airs up from a centrally-located inflator, but pass-through vents allow gas from that inflator to move quickly from the center cushion out to extend the taller cushions.
An uninflated "sail" panel connects the tops of the two taller cushions, which helps the airbag's tall bolstering cushions stay where they need to be as the passenger's body moves forward. These two taller cushions guide the passenger's body into the airbag itself.
"We want to really control the head rotation to minimize those brain injuries," explained Honda R&D Americas' crashworthiness technical leader Eric Heitkamp. "The three chambers are intended to really cradle the occupant's head to minimize the amount of rotation [of] your spine," he continued.
More importantly, this sail panel is the first component of the airbag that the passenger's body hits in a frontal impact. That slows the passenger's upper body down before it even hits the bottom inflated cushion, thus softening the impact.
"The benefit that we've seen from [hitting the sail panel first] as it relates to the brain injury metric is that...we want a soft, gentle engagement into that cushion to help control that initial rotation of the occupant's head," Heitkamp explained. "Then once you're kind of fully engulfed into all three chambers, then we can really use the stiffness of the airbag to successfully manage all the crash energy and minimize injuries both to the head and neck and other body regions."
Even if your head doesn't hit anything hard inside your car, the rapid movement and deceleration of your upper body are very, very bad. "It's essentially the axons in your brain shearing," Heitkamp said. "What happens when the axons in your brain shear is that you can have a concussion, loss of speech, loss of mobility, and in the worst case, if it's very, very severe, it can be fatal." So, the more gradually your upper body can come to a stop, the better.
Honda R&D Americas worked with its airbag supplier Autoliv on this new airbag design with the intent of sharing this design and research with other auto companies. Honda and Autoliv's research built upon a brain injury study done by the United States Department of Transportation that ultimately led to the creation of the BrIC (which stands for "Brain Injury Criteria") methodology for measuring brain injuries in vehicle collisions. That study proved that airbags could do a better job at preventing brain injuries, and the BrIC criteria as well as an advanced crash test dummy called THOR helped researchers understand exactly what was happening when designing this new system.
Eventually, the TLX's new airbag design will be rolled out to other Honda and Acura models, but a company spokesman would not speak as to which vehicle would get it next and when.
Other components on the car work with the new airbags to up the 2021 TLX's safety game. Both front seats have knee airbags now to keep passengers from moving too far forward in a front-end crash, bringing the total number of airbags in the new TLX up to eight.
Furthermore, Acura touts its latest iteration of its Advanced Compatibility Engineering (or ACE, for short) body structure, wherein the connected structural components of the car are designed to absorb and distribute crash forces away from the passenger compartment. Even the high-strength steel central transmission tunnel ties into the lower front bulkhead to disperse collision energy through the tunnel instead of into the passenger cabin.
With all these safety systems built in, Acura expects its 2021 TLX to pass its crash tests with flying colors. Acura is aiming for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's highest five-star Overall Vehicle Score and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety named it a Top Safety Pick+.
Correction: Thursday, Jun 18, 2020, 3:16 p.m. ET: An earlier version of this story stated that the 2021 Acura TLX's crash tests had already been done. However, we recently learned from Acura that this was a misunderstanding, so we've revised the story above.
The 2021 Acura TLX Is the Beautiful Type-S Concept Come to Life
The return of the Type S badge is accompanied by an all-new turbocharged V6.
2021 Acura TLX Will Have a Double-Wishbone Suspension Like the NSX
And also like many of Acura's iconic '90s models such as the Legend, Integra, and TL.
The 2021 Acura TLX Type S Returns to Form With a 3.0-Liter Turbo V6
The Type S Concept previewed last year is finally here. Almost.
It's Time to Bring Back the Acura Integra
Acura hails the new TLX Type-S as a return to what the brand does best. But you know which Acura we miss the most?
Type S Versions of Next Acura MDX and 'New Compact Sedan' Coming by 2022: Leak
Acura also says its Type S turbo V6 will "greatly exceed the performance of existing V8s."


A four-year-old girl has died of electrocution after she fell onto an illegally wired cable in a street in Hammarsdale on Saturday afternoon.
This incident is believed to have been caused by heavy rains that occurred a few days before which left the cables wet and dangerous.
According to the neighbour Nontombi Mdluli, the little girl was playing with her friends on the nearby road when she tripped and fell on the cable.
is part of their game," said Mdluli.
Mdluli said that she heard another one calling for help, when she went up next to them she saw the girl laying on the ground vibrating.
"I grabbed her and took her to my house, unfortunately she did not even make it to the hospital.
She died in my hands. I am still traumatised," she added.
"It is saddening that it has to take death before people to stop using izinyoka.
Last year another toddler died after suffering an electric shock. We are now forcing people to apply for electricity if they are getting a new house, they are not allowed to stay in the house unless they have legal electricity," said Zulu.
Family members are still shocked by what happened and therefore could not comment on the issue.
The funeral will be held next week at their home in Mpumalanga Township, Hammarsdale.
The matter was reported in Mpumalanga Police station, an investigation is taking place.