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Research resolves a debate over 'killer electrons' in space
by Stuart Wolpert, University of California, Los Angeles
A visualization of the Earth's magnetic environment. Credit: Martin Rother/GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences
New findings by a UCLA-led international team of researchers answer a fundamental question about our space environment and will help scientists develop methods to protect valuable telecommunication and navigation satellites. The research is published today in the journal Nature Communications.
Using measurements from the first U.S. satellite that traveled to space, Explorer 1 physicist James Van Allen discovered in 1958 that space is radioactive. The Earth is surrounded by two doughnut-shaped rings of highly charged particle radiation—an inner ring of high-energy electrons and positive ions and an outer ring of high-energy electrons—that are now known as Van Allen Radiation Belts. Flying close to the speed of light, the high-energy particles that populate the belts create a harsh environment for satellites and humans in space.
In recent years, there has been much scientific interest in understanding the Van Allen belts. New technologies now require that telecommunication satellites spend a great deal of time in those belts and that GPS satellites operate in the heart of the belts. With the increasingly smaller size of space electronics has come greater vulnerability of satellites to space radiation, according to Yuri Shprits, a research geophysicist with Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences in the UCLA College and a member of the international team.
The particles that are most dangerous to spacecraft are known as relativistic and ultra-relativistic electrons. The ultra-relativistic, or "killer electrons," are especially hazardous and can penetrate the most protected and valuable satellites in space, Shprits said. While it is possible to protect the satellites from relativistic particles, shielding from ultra-relativistic particles is practically impossible, he added.
Understanding the dynamics of these particles has been a major challenge for scientists since Van Allen discovered space radiation. Since the late 1960s, scientists have made many observations to try to understand the loss of electrons from the Van Allen belts.
One of the proposed theories was that particles are scattered into the atmosphere by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. These waves are produced by the injection of ions that are heavier than electrons and carry a lot of energy. These waves can potentially scatter electrons into the atmosphere. Up until recently, that remained the most likely candidate for the loss of electrons.
An illustration of the structure of the Van Allen Radiation Belt after a storm. Ingo Michaelis. Credit: Background image courtesy of European Space Agency/NASA
In 2006, Shprits and colleagues proposed another mechanism. They suggested that more than 99 percent of the particles suddenly were lost, as electrons diffused into interplanetary space, no longer trapped by the Earth's magnetic field. The team conducted additional studies that provided more evidence for this mechanism.
The scientists' modeling of large numbers of electrons at relativistic energies seemed to favor this mechanism and did not require the scattering of electron by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. However, it remained unclear which mechanism operated or dominated during storms, and which mechanism explains the most dramatic dropouts of electrons in the space environment.
The loss of particles is difficult to pinpoint. Both types of loss mechanisms are intensified during storms, making it difficult to distinguish one from the other.
Fortunately for the scientists, several factors combined to help them resolve the dispute. A January 2013 storm in the Van Allen belts allowed the researchers to use detectors to measure the particles' distributions and direction. The most intense relativistic and ultra-relativistic electrons were discovered in different locations in the belts. And the ultra-relativistic particles were located deep inside the magnetosphere (and were not affected by the electron loss to the magnetopause, which is the boundary between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind).
The researchers' detailed measurements—including particle speed, velocity direction and radial distributions—all showed that the waves were indeed scattering particles into the atmosphere but affected only ultra-relativistic electrons, not relativistic particles.
"Our findings resolve a fundamental scientific question about our space environment and may help develop methods of cleaning up the radiation belts from harmful radiation and make the environment around the Earth friendlier for satellites," Shprits said. He is principal investigator of an April mission in which a satellite containing a UCLA-built collection of instruments was launched from Vostochny, Siberia. That work is expected to provide scientists worldwide with measurements of radiation in space and advance space sciences for years to come.
Scientists explain the formation of unusual ring of radiation in space
More information: Yuri Y. Shprits et al. Wave-induced loss of ultra-relativistic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts, Nature Communications (2016). DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12883 , www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12883
Journal information: Nature Communications
Provided by University of California, Los Angeles
Citation: Research resolves a debate over 'killer electrons' in space (2016, September 28) retrieved 18 January 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2016-09-debate-killer-electrons-space.html
Study explores wave-particle interaction in atmosphere
How did a third radiation belt appear in the Earth's upper atmosphere?
Electromagnetic waves linked to particle fallout in Earth's atmosphere, study finds
'Space tsunami' causes the third Van Allen Belt
Scientists solve a decades-old mystery in the Earth's upper atmosphere


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Q: How do I count the zeros and ones in a file? Given a file (binary or textual), what is the fastest or most elegant way in C++ to count the ones and zeros in the binary representation of that file?

A: Create a 256 length char array.  Stream through the file a byte at a time incrementing the array position of each byte.  Hard code the number of 1s in each of the 256 bytes in another array.  Multiply the 2 arrays and sum.
Not sure about elegance and definitely requires more memory, but might be faster than linuxuser27's algorithm.

A: Whenever I want to know the best bit manipulation trick for a particular task, I start here:  http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html
Under "Counting bits set, in parallel" they list a 12 operation method for counting the bits set in a 32 bit integer.  They also show methods for integers larger than 32 bits.

A: On most any system the main execution time will be i/o-bound. And how to achieve fastest i/o depends very much on the system. So there's no single answer to "fastest".
Most "elegant" depends on the eyes that see.
So in summary, neither question has a definitive answer; it sounds like fishing for solutions to a homework assignment. Is it homework?

A: I would recommend you use results array:
unsigned char cheating[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3,
        4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2,
        3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4,
        5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2,
        3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4,
        5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5,
        6, 6, 7, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 3, 3,
        4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3,
        4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6,
        7, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4,
        5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5,
        6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 5, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 7, 8 };

After you read the file in as unsigned char array you can just sum:
    for (int i = 0; i < arraysize; i++) {
        sum0+=8-cheating[unsignedbytearray[i]];
        sum1+=cheating[unsignedbytearray[i]];
    }

It is very hard to write code, that would be faster or more elegant :P

A: Here's a complete example (well almost there's an exercise for the implementor at the end...) It uses the 12 instruction count for 32 byte values from http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html . It also loads the file using mmap as that is (often) faster than other read methods. I think the only thing to do to make it faster would be to split the count across multiple threads. But on my system it already processes 10MB files in under 0.03s, which seems OK to me.
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>

int main()
{
  int fd = open("junk.txt",O_RDWR);
  struct stat info;
  fstat(fd, &info);
  void * page = mmap(0, info.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
  uint64_t bitcount = 0;
  //Lets ignore alignment issues for now - I think mmap guarantees that they're OK.
  uint32_t * v_ptr = static_cast<uint32_t*>(page);
  for(unsigned int i=0; i<info.st_size/4; ++i)
  {
    uint32_t v = *v_ptr;
    v = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x55555555);                    // reuse input as temporary
    v = (v & 0x33333333) + ((v >> 2) & 0x33333333);     // temp
    bitcount += ((v + (v >> 4) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24; // count
    ++v_ptr;
  }

  //Need to adjust for the last 0-3 bytes... Exercise for the reader

  munmap( page, info.st_size );

  std::cout<<"Total of "<<bitcount<<" set bits"<<std::endl;
}

A: I would read in the file one unsigned int at a time and count the number of bits turned on in each until EOF.  You can use the classic sparse count algorithm to count the number of 1s in an unsigned int value.
int bitcount (unsigned int n)
{
   int count = 0 ;
   while (n)  {
      count++ ;
      n &= (n - 1) ;
   }
   return count ;
}

Just do the above for all read in unsigned int values and keep a running total.

A: I would try to use std::bitset, it has a good implementation of the count() method (count interface) by keeping a pre-computed array of length 256 for count of all possible
 bytes. For counting zeros,
std::bitset<N> bs;
size_t zero_count = bs.size() - bs.count();

I would initialize file_zero_count = 0 and open the file. Then in every iteration of a loop, I would read N bits into a bitset, and add the zero_count of those N bits to the file_zero_count. Then read the next N bits and so on ...
The crucial choice is the value of N. My first choice would be such that N bits fit into one memory page, for e.g. N = 4096.

A: One easy and quick way is to build a look-up table which tells you how many 1's any of the chars has, e.g. 'a' with ASCII 97 has 3. You can store such a look-up table in an fixed length array for constant-time access. Load the file page-by-page into the memory to minimize the number of I/O's and count for every char sequentially.
If you more information about the type of data you are processing, more interesting solutions can be created. For example, if you know that the file contains natural language textual data, you can build look-up tables for frequently occurring terms such as 'the', 'of' and 'and' to speed-up counting computations. Such a look-up table can efficiently be stored in hash table.

A: I would read in the file byte by byte and count the number of 1/0 in each byte:
The reason I would choose byte is that it is easy to put together a lookuptable for the number of 1 in a byte by hand. Note: I was counting the number of ones in a byte. But I built the table backwards (so it is actually a count of the number of 0's (as it is the inverse of the 1's)).
int countOne[]  = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4,
                    1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, // Top Line + 1 2^5 (16 set)
                    1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, // Top Line + 1 2^6 (32 set)
                    2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, // Top Line + 2 2^5 + 2^6 (16/32 set)
                    1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, // Top Line + 1 2^7 (64 set)
                    2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, // Top Line + 2 2^5 + 2^7 (16/64 set)
                    2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, // Top Line + 2 2^6 + 2^7 (32/64 set)
                    3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, // Top Line + 3 2^5 + ^6 + 2^7 (16/32/64 set)
                    1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, // Top Line + 1 2^8 (128 set)
                    2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, // Top Line + 2 2^5 + 2^8 (16/128 set)
                    2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, // Top Line + 2 2^6 + 2^8 (32/128 set)
                    3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, // Top Line + 3 2^5 + 2^6 + 2^8 (16/32/128 set)
                    2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, // Top Line + 2 2^7 + 2^8 (64/128 set)
                    3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, // Top Line + 3 2^5 + 2^7 + 2^8 (16/64/128 set)
                    3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, // Top Line + 3 2^6 + 2^7 + 2^8 (32/64/128 set)
                    4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 5, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 7, 8};

Now all you need to do is use a std::for_each that iterater across a stream (without dropping spaces.
counter = std::for_each(std::istreambuf_iterator<unsigned char>(file),
                        std::istreambuf_iterator<unsigned char>(),
                        couter);

Now you just need to define an appropriate type for counter and the rest is history.

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Posts tagged "GLADoS"
Top 10 – Artificial Intelligences
We all love the fact that the future is bringing us to a much more autonomous way of living. Some of the things that humanity have had to work hard for in the past is slowly becoming a robotic-filled niche, but that doesn't mean that all Artificial Intelligence is good. When AI goes bad, it can go maverick – But we're not here to talk about the bad or the good today. Instead, we're going to check out our Top 10 Artificial Intelligence in all of media.
January 12, 2019 | Categories: Entertainment, Film, Gaming posts, Technology, Television, Top 10, Video Games | Tags: 2001: A Space Odyssey, AI, Artificial Intelligence, Bot, Cortana, data, Ghost in the Shell, GLADoS, Hal 9000, Halo, Jarvis, Lt Cmdr Data, Marvel, Microsoft Tay, Minority Report, Portal, Red Queen, Resident Evil, SHODAN, Skynet, Star Trek, System Shock, Terminator, The Matrix, The Next Generation, The PreCrime Police, Top 10, Twitter | 6 Comments
Top 10 Characters Who Came Back From The Dead
It's Easter time! Therefore, it's time to celebrate in the only ways we know how. With a Top 10 that's very Easter themed – You could have chosen rabbits, or the more literal Easter Eggs, but no, you guys chose for our Top 10 list of Characters Who Came Back From The Dead. In some ways, I guess we should be thanking you for this one, as it's not only topical, but it made us think.
Some of the characters in the list are incredibly well known, some of the entries may actually shock you. Don't worry though, we've got the defibrillator at the ready to resuscitate any of you who may need bringing back during our list. But don't worry: When there's an end, there's always the chance of rebirth. No Isaac from The Binding of Isaac fame, you're not on this list.
#10 – GLaDOS – Portal
Aha, so you thought you killed off the AI of the Portal series in the first game, well think again you puny meatbag. GLaDOS makes a very dramatic exit at the end of the first game, where you are destroying the very cores that make her… Well her! GLaDOS is truly the reason the Portal series was able to continue, not Chell.
Coming in at number 10 only, because although it certainly was good to see her return from the "dead", it was never truly confirmed that you killed her (even though it seemed like you had), plus the moment Portal 2 was announced, we all knew she'd be back. Plus, if nothing else, she gets a nudge onto the list for her beautiful singing voice. Ellen McLain, the voice of GLaDOS, is also a downright lovely individual who we had the pleasure of meeting and listening to at last years Kitacon Invasion.
#9 – Frieza – Dragonball Z
Frieza's name was known all throughout the galaxy as the most fearsome warrior of all. He was able to level whole planets, barely using any effort at all. This intergalactic terrorist would incite fear upon those who gazed eyes on him, as well as having a rather flamboyant fighting force (Ginyu Force) at his disposal. Frieza seemed like he had it all, until he was cut into a million pieces, had parts of his body disintegrated and then left for dead on planet Namek. Talk about having a rough day.
But then, very shortly after the Frieza/Namek saga was over, we went back to Earth and lo and behold, Frieza returns! This time, he was on Earth! What ever could the world do– Oh, okay, a guy from the future comes along and in one slash with a sword manages to do what took Goku and friends what must have been eight episodes. Still, Frieza wasn't finished there – Well he was, until very recently. Last year, in the film DragonBall Z: Resurrection 'F'. This time, he seems to not be a robot, but golden! Now you've seen his true final form? Possibly?
#8 – Brian – Family Guy
This one was incredibly shocking and highly controversial. In fact, I'm not going to make and mistakes about it: I somewhat grew tired of Family Guy a while back. There's only so much that you can take of what is effectively just constant running gags, which grow staler than a loaf of bread that you've left for only five minutes on a table in the Sahara Desert. I might be being rather descriptive of how stale some of the jokes can get, but there's one thing this series did really well. It hit all of us right in the feels.
The very controversial episode of Brian's death, aptly named Life of Brian, was actually somewhat hard to watch. The video above shows the clip of Brian's death, so a small warning goes out to you – It's a little bit brutal. The episode managed to handle the death of a main character really well. It didn't resort to wacky humour about it, but instead, it felt as if the series was about to lose a sense of what it was – Same as how many of us feel whenever we lose someone or a pet that's so near and dear to us. This episode stirred so many people, that a change.org petition was started and eventually Brian's death was ret conned, proving the character was indeed loved and would have been sorely missed.
I wonder how Family Guy would look today if they kept the replacement dog..?
#7 – Jason Voorhees – Friday the Thirteenth
The films series that just won't die features one of our all time favourite immortal nemeses, the masked slasher Jason Voorhees. While the film franchise has limped, sagged and very nearly collapsed under the burden of abuse from varying directors there's an underlying character to the mighty butcher of rampant teens, generally lying under the surface of a lake, but he's seen as something of a representation of puritanical oppression. Not a lot oppressing him though.
The source of his immortality has never truly been explained, mostly that a series of flukes, assorted magicks (with a "k") and prolonged periods of time spent in suspended animation have all contributed heavily to his prolonged existence so that he may foreshorten that of others. Trips to Hell and outer-space can't hold him back, not even failed titles, spinoffs, or lousy versus films can keep him from rebooting.
#6 – Spawn
It was either him or Ghost Rider, it's always a tough call when you have two incredible characters who have been offered a deal from the devil, and while we can forgive Nicolas Cage for a rather… different interpretation, we still love Spawn just that little bit more.
Maybe it's the vast array of powers, challenging Malebolgia himself to mortal combat, OH! and Mortal Kombat! Al Simmons is just a more awesome character, a grim silhouette in the stereotypical stormy night that casts every bit as much fear as the flaming skull of vengeance, who also got a legendary cartoon series to boot. But what about his return from death? If you read his entry in the Top 10 Unfortunate Heroes you'll know it's not a happy tale, it's a hellish contract born of a need for revenge, and to save the life of the one he loves, but it slowly becomes a mission, a duty to the forces of light born on the shoulders of a very dark soldier.
#5 – Harry Potter
In a tale of epic struggle against what is effectively overcoming the unspeakable ultimate evil, Harry Potter makes it onto our list as a surprising entrant. After all, he manages to defeat Voldemort*, doesn't he? So how can it be that The Boy Who Lived who ended up being The Boy Who Died Then Came Back To Life Again Or Something? Well, it's all down to the details in this one, but Harry does indeed die.
He is a Horcrux, one that Voldemort himself accidentally created. The irony was that Harry had to kill himself in order to destroy one of the Horcruxes. Hey, everything in this series was entwined in some way, even the Golden Snitch that Harry was given by Dumbledore makes a very important appearance during this part. When Harry dies however, a lot of the story really comes together here. The Horcruxes are falling very quickly at this point and of course, time to go and defeat Voldemort once and for all.
*Or y'know, Neville Longbottom, the series whipping boy, is the one who ends up beheading the snake in a rather amazing scene in the films, but whatever!
#4 – Solomon Grundy – Batman
Solomon Grundy
Born on a Monday
Lives for a week, a tale of tragedy that takes us a total of seven days and – in the case of Cyrus Gold – ultimately ends in reincarnation. You see, the immortal Grundy from the DC universe is an ancient and wealthy banker from days of yore whose carriage sinks into a peat-bog that supposedly contained one of DC's infamous retcon devices, a Lazarus pit. The rejuvenating properties infuse Grundy, leaving him incapable of permanent death, or even coherent thought.
The pits are known to damage the mind and soul of those they help, whilst making the body incredibly powerful. To someone with the self-discipline or narrative importance of Ra's Al Ghul the effects can be mitigated with rigorous self control and suitable sacrifice. For Solomon Grundy, it leaves a mindless giant capable of crushing a man with a shrug. Batman actually enjoys Grundy for the chance to cut-loose and get to some real damage dealing, despite the fact that the giant is reborn far larger and stronger than before.
He does rather lack some of the guile of Batman's better villains, being incapable of articulating much more than the one rhyme that was skipping through his head as he suffocated to death in the mystic swamps.
#3 – Barbossa – Pirates of the Caribbean
Although some credit must go to Captain Jack Sparrow for being dragged back from the locker against his somewhat shattered will, someone had to step up who knew how to get to the other side. And as it happens Jack recently killed someone who's as good as he is at not staying dead for long.
It took a large crew and a whole lot of persuading to get Sparrow back from death, Barbossa made one sweet deal and came striding back to enjoy some juicy apples and revenge… juicy, juicy revenge. During his captaincy of the Black Pearl he got dangerously close to death before Sparrow and Turner finished the job, but as it turns out Tia Dalma/Calypso has a soft spot for the old sea dog.
More and more we're seeing film series leave us with cliffhangers to drag us back to the cinema, but in this incredibly short scene there was more excitement drummed up for the third instalment of the trilogy than in any other series – at least that I've ever seen. Who knew a pair of boots would be such a welcome sight?
#2 – Gandalf – Lord of the Rings
Well, I guess Gandalf the Grey was right – The Balrog certainly didn't get to pass Gandalf and his temper tantrum of turmoil. It ends up that Gandalf shouting those immortal words would also be Gandalf the Grey's last. The whip reaches up, lashes around the leg of Gandalf and pulls him down… Well okay, it wasn't his last, as he manages to call everyone fools because they aren't flying. I mean for crying out loud, Hobbitses can't even fly, Gandalf, you senile old guy.
Ahem, I digress. Later in the film, Gandalf makes a very lovely re-appearance, as Gandalf the White. Apparently, when this wizard dies, he manages to fall into a vat of Vanish Stain Removal. Enough joking though, Gandalf's death was not in vain – He comes back way better than ever before and it's one of the franchise's most iconic moments.
#1 – Kenny – South Park
Are you really surprised? Seriously?
Kenny infamously dies once an episode in early seasons of the world's most even-handedly offensive cartoon series, it became the most widely known running gag in a series for a decade, and had a generation learning how to swear loudly in the face of death. They attempted to kill Kenny off permanently in an attempt to kill a joke they'd grown sick of, before demurely bringing him back in the same off-hand fashion they'd been doing for years.
As time progresses we learn that in fact Kenny's parents conducted some strange ritual with elder beings to cause him to be reincarnated constantly, a superpower he uses to become the cloaked immortal hero Mysterion. In fact one of the most harrowing episodes of South Park was the episode in which we learn of how alarmingly aware of his immortality Kenny is, holding a gun to his head and screaming "Remember this time! You have to remember!", but no one ever does, no one can mourn a child who never dies.
Everything comes to an end, but not the characters in our Top 10 list! Well some of them kind of do, but they don't all simply end there. But the below extra characters are also known for their ability to just come back from the dead. At least they've got a chance to redeem themselves in our Honourable Mentions list!
Depending on the version of Dracula that you look into, this vampire seems to just never stop dying and coming back to life. Interestingly, the state of how vampires sleep in the story of Dracula is known as "Death-Sleep", as the vampires appear to be dead with their eyes wide open during their slumber, so if we take that into account as well, then hey, Dracula dies every damn night. But that's not exactly true now is it?
I mean if we look at the Castlevania series, the amount of times Dracula has legitimately been killed is quite staggering – Yet he always manages to come back for some rather unspecific reason. "Oh we resurrected him", "oh we've got to kill him again." Who knows why he thinks it's a good idea to keep fighting the Belmonts, but hey, Dracula has to have something to do in his unlife, right? I guess having a hobby is good enough in his world.
Player Character – Video Games
I had the most terrible dream, I was plummeting to my death, nothing but darkness and my own echoing screams, and then suddenly I was assaulted by descending numbers. I don't think they reached zero because I woke up somewhere near where it all took place. I'm almost reluctant to try and make the leap again… but the world will not save itself, and I don't see anyone else around here who isn't trying to kill me.
From the Hyperion New-U stations in Borderlands to the wave of bloody carnage that ends every successful run in Super Meat Boy, we've grown all too accustomed to the ability to just get up and try again. Perhaps the return of the roguelike owes itself to our newfound nonchalance in the face of death, because it can be hard to make death something to be feared, while at the same time allowing the player to get straight back into the fray without the tedium of starting from scratch.
From an allotted maximum number of lives, to money and experience penalties, defeat is not without its sting, but that doesn't make it any less funny when your character dies and walks it off.
Oh we slayed this list! But lo and behold, when one goes down, it simply comes back within a week's time much like Solomon Grundy. But now it's time for you to decide what our list will be returning as next week. It's time for you to help us pick next week's iteration of our Top 10 list.
As always, thanks for reading our list. We love writing these and as they are still thoroughly well received, we'll keep doing these until you guys say "stop with the Top 10 lists!" Let us know what you thought – Are these characters deserving of this list? Do you think we've missed any characters that deserve a special mention? Would you have reordered this list in any way? Please leave your comments below, or over on Facebook and Twitter. Thanks for always being excellent!
March 26, 2016 | Categories: Anime talk, Comics, Entertainment, Gaming posts, Top 10 | Tags: Barbossa, Batman, Brian, Castlevania, Characters Who Came Back From The Dead, Chell, Comics, DC Comics, dracula, DragonBall, DragonBall Z, Easter, Family Guy, film, Friday 13th, Friday the 13th, Frieza, Gandalf, GeekOut, GLADoS, Harry Potter, Jason Voorhees, Kenny, Lord of the Rings, Pirates of the Caribbean, Player Characters, Portal, Resurrection, Solomon Grundy, South Park, spawn, Special, Top 10, Video Games | 4 Comments
Top 10 Villain Voices
When you're watching your favourite heroes, you want them to speak loudly and calmly. You want authoritarianism, you want leadership and you want a dependable character who sounds like they are fighting the good fight. Then you have the villains of the world who you want to not have any of those traits. Except perhaps leadership. Or perhaps dependability. Heck, I guess they should be authoritarian, too. Nevertheless, you don't want the same from your villains that you want from your heroes, so what is it that makes the villains voice so important?
Whether it be a nasty sounding nasally voice, to a deep raspy voice, the villains need to sound different in some way. Their words need to cut deep into you and need to make you feel belittled, or in some way uneasy. We've scoured media and we've come across our Top 10 villain voices.
October 24, 2015 | Categories: Anime talk, Entertainment, Gaming posts, Top 10 | Tags: Anime, Austin Powers, Batman, darth vader, Doctor Evil, Dolores Umbridge, Eric Cartman, Fable, Fable 1, film, Ghosts, GLADoS, Halloween, Harbinger, Harry Potter, Illidan, Illidan Stormrage, Inky Blinky Pinky and Clyde, InuYasha, Jack of Blades, Joker, List, Mass Effect, Naraku, Pac-Man, Portal, Portal 2, Scar, South Park, Sovereign, Star Wars, The Lion King, Top 10, Top 10 Villain, Top 10 Villain Voices, video game, Villain, Villain Voices, Warcraft, World of Warcraft | 2 Comments
Top 10 Sidekicks in Games
Sidekicks, the oft-forgotten but ultimately necessary addition to any great main character. Let's face it, what is Batman without Robin? Sure, we all care about the main guy more, but let's face the facts: The sidekick serves more purpose than just comedic effect, (although some seem tied into this role.) Some are actually intelligent, capable and sometimes are more rounded than the main characters themselves.
In honour of all of the best secondary characters out there, as voted by you, this week we're dedicated to bringing you our Top 10 Sidekicks in Games.
10) CL4-TP – Borderlands 2
Specifically Borderlands 2. Why? In the first in the series CL4-TP units were everywhere, each had their own variation on the basic personality type of arrogant and cowardly, and they would eventually come to rise up against their Hyperion masters and endeavour to assimilate various main characters. In the pre-sequel, the Interplanetary Ninja Assassin model becomes a playable character.
In Borderlands 2, that same Claptrap is the last of his kind, living in a mausoleum made of his broken friends. Hard to feel bad for him though, while he is essential to the plot, he spends most of the first chapter referring to you as "Minion" while shaking in a corner as you deal with his problems. He's full of catchphrases and soundbites, and every one makes you want to throw him off Sanctuary just to watch him bounce. Sadly for us all, he's necessary.
9) Lydia – Skyrim
Otherwise known as Housecarl to the Thane of Whiterun, trap springer, arrow catcher, and "Dammit, get out of the way!" there is no more dedicated a sidekick than Lydia. Willing to fling herself into danger in the name of her Thane, no matter the consequences, literally no matter what the consequences, good/bad/irritating, it doesn't matter.
She can take a beating, and she is sworn to carry your burdens, so she's not all bad. And worst case scenario you can always tell her to go home. She'll even stand in the cold and unfurnished shell of Breezehome, diligently awaiting your return. She's not quite so keen as Oblivion's adoring fan, but at least she has a name.
8) Ora – Mark of the Ninja
Ahh, here we go, a sidekick who knows what she's for!
Mark of the Ninja's Marked rarely sees his companion Ora except when she drops in to inform him of security measures up ahead that he may not have seen already, or critical changes in the situation. After that she vanishes, presumably to go deal with things off-screen while you get on with the game. She may very well be running her own little mission for all you care, but stays broadly by your side for when you need her most.
There may be a reason for this however [SPOILERS] Ora may very well be a hallucination brought about by the markings on the Ninja protagonist, and you are eventually faced with the possibility of killing your friend and ally, or possibly slipping into psychosis [SPOILERS OVER]. She's a creepy question mark hovering over your narrative, but she's also indispensible.
7) Murray, The Curse of Monkey Island
"I am Murray, the evil demonic skull! Muwahahaha!"
Murray is an interesting character overall. He's a comedic relief, in a game series known for its humorous dialogue. The Curse of Monkey Island has a relatively 'serious' plot, in that you are trying to save Elaine from being a solid gold statue and defeat the evil pirate LeChuck.
Technically, this demonic talking skull isn't really a sidekick, but in some situations he certainly acts like one. He gives you little hints and tips, all whilst realising the inevitability of his circumstances, (y'know, being just a skull means you can't do much.) Whilst he's snarky and nasty to you a good 95% of the time, he not only sometimes just appears out of the blue, (questionable how a talking skull gets about so much), but he'll even go in your inventory and talk when you open it. At least he's always there for you. Annoyingly.
6) Ellie, The Last of Us
The Last of Us is a game that took the world by storm and for good reason. The protagonist, Joel (not to be confused with our very own Joel,) loses his daughter and becomes a bit of a negative person. However, when push comes to shove, he is tasked with looking after Ellie and the two form a fantastic duo.
Perhaps it's the strange bond of humanity that makes these two characters an absolutely believable team, or perhaps it's the direness of the situations they've been faced with. Whatever the reason for these two and how they manage to look after one another, Ellie holds her own at such a young age. She makes a lot of sense in terms of character development and she's up there amongst the most awesome youngen in video games.
Naughty Dog, you can be proud of yourselves for portraying Ellie so well in this. She's the real hero to me.
5) Potato GLADoS – Portal 2
We struggled with this one, but frankly Wheatley made a far more interesting villain than sidekick. Somehow GLADoS's journey from AI with god delusions – all-powerful within her self-contained domain – to science fair project with a personality disorder made her far more compelling a companion.
The excursion into Aperture's abandoned projects and the narrative that unfolded their made her presence far more interesting, and her assistance felling the mad moron drunk with science was invaluable. Ok so her reward for restoring her to her rightful place was not killing you, considering her attitude towards you over the last eight years, you got off lightly.
4) Glottis vs Pey'J, Grim Fandango vs Beyond Good and Evil
This town ain't big enough for two non-human engineer sidekicks. It's time for you to cast your vote as to which of these two behemoths are video games best engineer sidekick, but first, let's explain who these two are.
Glottis, the Demon engineer who isn't allowed to torch anything bigger than a cigarette without a form signed by the boss himself. After Manny manages to get a signature for Glottis to do his thing to Mannys company car, Glottis becomes Mannys personal driver. Turning the car into the Bone Wagon that we all know and love, Glottis is a fun and incredibly enthusiastic character. He understands rules, but most importantly: He values loyalty and friendship above all else.
Pey'J is a Sus Sapien. If you don't know what that means, it's basically a pig human. Don't be fooled by his gruff looks though, Pey'J is also an incredibly loyal character, but unlike Glottis, his head is way more down to earth and clearly understands the importance of Jades discoveries. He likes to create electronic devices for himself and Jade, often to help Jade out… But sometimes just be cause he enjoys making things. Conversely to Glottis, he doesn't like driving, but he's a master mechanic and engineer.
3) Luigi
Luigi needs no introduction what so ever. The guy has his own stories and his own games that he goes through. Recently, there was even a year in his honour. If you missed out on that, then you missed out on a special part of the Mario universe. However, the Green Plumber is often picked over his own brother, which begs the question: Is he a sidekick, or an alternative hero at this point of time? Originally, he certainly was introduced as a sidekick, being the player two to Mario.
We can't be too wrong with this one. Many other websites with similar Top 10 themes rate Luigi as a highly dependable character. With videos such as the below to support him too, whose to say he doesn't deserve a top 3 spot? Honestly, the next two sidekicks however… They take it to the next level.
2) Tails – Sonic
Ok, so he's not quite so good as Sonic, not as fast and not all that useful in multiplayer. But the twin-tailed fox has something unique that makes him surprisingly handy at exactly the right moment, and isn't that ultimately what makes a sidekick perfect? Miles "Tails" Prower doesn't exactly seize the spotlight but there are times you'd father rather you were flying than rushing past everything at breakneck speeds.
Unlike Knuckles – the third addition to the Sonic team – who has his own stuff to get on with unless he's needed, Tails is friend and admirer to Sonic. Though he can increasingly depend on himself without the blue speedster watching his back, Sonic can always depend on him when he's in a fix.
Plus he's ginger. Gotta represent!
1) Alyx Vance, Half Life 2
Alyx Vance is, for all intensive purposes, the perfect Non-Playable Character and I cannot fault her at all. She's logical, she's believable, she's very intelligent and she's very athletic and helpful. There's no reason to dislike Alyx, even if you've never played Half Life 2, you will at least know of her. She's considered one of the greatest NPCs of all time by many, she's full of presence in Half Life 2 and she's likeable.
What helps is that throughout Half Life 2, you meet characters who are good for helping you out. Alyx is a constant reminder that friendship and devotion to a cause can be a powerful combination. She cares deeply about Gordon Freeman, the silent crowbar wielding protagonist, which is apparent. Combine this with stellar AI which possibly helps her be one of the smartest AIs in video games at that, it's apparent she's the perfect sidekick.
I know for a fact right now that if nothing else, there's one GeekOut reader who'll see this at the number one spot and be fist pumping and will never stop talking about it, because the guy never shuts up (and we love him for it). He knows who he is.
Honourable Mention
We've been through the motions of our Top 10 but now that the heroes helpers have been honoured, it's time to have a look at some more sidekicks who didn't quite make the cut for the full list. Nevermind, they're still winners to us, even if they're rarely remembered. We remembered them… Wait, that's not how this works! We remember these characters for very specific reasons and here's why!
Navi, The Legend of Zelda
ARGH!!! STOP IT NAVI!!!
Actually, the whole issue of Navi being an annoying character is slightly inflated by the internet. Hear me out here – I don't remember playing Ocarina of Time and having Navi saying this all that often. Yes it is somewhat annoying when she does decide to go on a "hey listen" rant, but that's probably because you're not actually, y'know, paying attention to what she has to say? She's there to help and she tries her damned best.
Instead, she's become a bit of a mocking point for the internet. A real shame, too. She is only doing her job.
Pikachu – Pokémon Yellow
The infamous and least useful "Fourth Starter" was the first Pokémon to stalk you through the Kanto realm because he refused to stay in a pokéball. Well go to hell you stuck-up glorified battery! And stop turning your nose up and threatening to shock me whenever I try to talk to you. I have to go through Brock's gym with you and a pidgey, that's gonna be like trying to demolish a building with a pamphlet!
Much like in the anime, the pikachu in Pokémon Yellow edition grows to like you in time. He's not entirely useless despite the fact that you can't evolve him without losing the entertaining bouncy sprite following you around, and with it losing one of the most unique features of the game (certainly at the time, not so much anymore).
Quite so Watson, it's time for us to wrap up this weeks Top 10. Much like our sidekicks that made the cut, this list is secondary to them. Hey, some of these may be scoffed at but we truly felt they deserved a mention. Don't forget to hit that vote button for our next list!
As always though, we wouldn't make these lists without you, the readers. Please cast your votes and let us know in the comments below, or over on Facebook and Twitter: Do you think our choices were right for this, or are there any characters you feel deserves a mention? Did we put these in the wrong order? Is Alyx Vance really the top sidekick in video gaming, even above Luigi and Tails?! Let us know your thoughts and we'll see you all again next week for another Top 10.
September 12, 2015 | Categories: Gaming posts, Top 10, Video Games | Tags: Alyx Vance, Beyond Good and Evil, Boarderlands, Boarderlands 2, characters, Claptrap, Ellie, GeekOut Top 10, GLADoS, Glottis, Grim Fandango, Half Life 2, Legend of Zelda, List, Luigi, Lydia, Mario, Mark of the Ninja, Monkey Island, Murray, Navi, ocarina of time, Ora, Pey'J, Pikachu, Pokemon, Portal, Portal 2, Potato, sidekick, Skyrim, Sonic the Hedgehog, Tails, The Curse of Monkey island, the last of us, The Legend of Zelda, Top 10 | 5 Comments
Top 10 Musical Characters In Games
We do so love a good song on this site. Oh so many of our Top 10s have featured music in some form or another, finally we come to acknowledge those songmasters and tunesmiths that make gaming just so much more magical.
Whether spinning songs to inspire, or using music as a weapon, be they flautist or axe-wielder, classicist or contemporary, if they could crank out a tune they earned our consideration. So join us as we take you through our picks…
July 11, 2015 | Categories: Gaming posts, Top 10, Traditional Gaming, Video Games | Tags: bards, brutal legend, crypt of the necrodancer, Don't Starve, eddie riggs, GLADoS, glitch, glitch music, jack black, Legend of Zelda, Link, missingno, Monkey Island, Mother, mother 3, Mr Passion, Music, musical characters, musicians, ocarina of time, PaRappa the Rapper, Pokemon, Portal, rock stars, singing pirates, Top 10, turrets, Video Games | 3 Comments

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All material on this website is © Devika Subramanian, 2008-2012. Please request permission from devika@rice.edu for use of the material, and please acknowledge this site in your material.
This course is modular in design. Each module integrates mathematics, computation, and thought. All computational artifacts are built using Python, and elements of Python are introduced in a just-in-time manner throughout the course.


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July - Aug Issue
Clifford Forziat, Herricks Teachers Association, and Isaac Ramaswamy, Sachem Central TA, were recently inducted into the New York state chapter of the National Wrestling Hall of Fame. Ramaswamy and Forziat received the Lifetime Service to Wrestling Award.
Rebecca Stephens, Fayetteville-Manlius TA, has been selected as a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Scholar. Stephens will participate in a weeklong history workshop on "Slavery in the colonial Chesapeake."
Yvonne Allen, Horseheads TA, and Leah Penniman, Tech Valley, received 2014-15 Fulbright Distinguished Awards in Teaching. Penniman will spend six months in Mexico writing curriculum and helping craft projects for use in schools. Allen will travel abroad to conduct research on her capstone project, "Is the United States losing a generation of music makers? What U.S. schools can learn from Finland."
United University Professions Stony Brook chapter members Larry Frohman and Oyeronke Oyewumi also received Fulbright awards. Oyewumi was awarded a Fulbright Scholar Grant for teaching and research in Harare, Zimbabwe. Frohman will complete an intercountry lectureship in Germany.
Elyse Zucker and Susan Dicker of CUNY's Hostos Community College received a $5,000 Learning and Leadership Grant from the NEA Foundation. The members of the Professional Staff Congress will lead workshops on how to implement more inclusive, student-centered writing classes for ESL students.
Sally Wahl Constain, United Federation of Teachers retiree, published The Keys to Fanny, a historical novel. This coming-of-age story deals with women's literacy issues and immigration to the U.S. in the late 1890s. The book is available at www.createspace.com/4607016 or www.amazon.com.


What distinguishes coffee beans is their roast— ranging from light to dark roast. Opt for medium to darker-roasted beans if you want to brew espresso, while lighter-roasted beans are perfect for drip coffee.
The finer the ground coffee is, the longer it takes to brew. Generally, it should take around 25 seconds to brew the best shot of espresso while drip coffee needs longer time (around 5 minutes).
Huge thank you to CoffeeInMyVeins.com for sharing this awesome infographic with us!
How about you? What's your favorite method espresso or drip coffee. Let me know in the comments!


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2021 FIFAe World Cup and FIFAe Nations Cup cancelled again amid global pandemic
FIFA have confirmed that due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, two of the biggest FIFA esports events in the world, the 2021 FIFAe World Cup and 2021 FIFAe Nations Cup, have been cancelled.
Nathan BlissEsports and Gaming Writer
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The 2021 FIFAe World Cup and 2021 FIFAe Nations Cup esports events have been cancelled, FIFA have confirmed tonight.
For the second successive year, two of the biggest FIFA esports events in the world have been cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. In 2020, EA instead launched the Summer Cup Series for professional FIFA players that were impacted by the cancellation of these events.
The last FIFAe World Cup to take place was back in 2019, with German player MoAuba (Mohammed Harkous) beating Saudi Arabian player Msdossary (Mosaad Aldossary) in the final.
The last FIFAe Nations Cup was also in 2019, with France being crowned the inaugural winners of the competition, as Lucas Cuillerier & Corentin Thuillier of France beat Argentinian duo Nicolas99fc & Yagoca in the final.
FIFA has also revealed that despite the events being cancelled, players will still receive some prize money, with the full amount of prize money for each event due to be equally distributed to all qualified players and member associations.
FIFA confirmed the cancellation of both events via a statement on the official website, explaining that due to the ongoing pandemic, and the subsequent travel restrictions, the integrity of the competitions as well as the safety and health of all involved parties could not be guaranteed.
"Unfortunately, the FIFAe Nations Cup 2021™ and FIFAe World Cup 2021™ have been subject to the disruptive effect of the ongoing pandemic and subsequent global travel restrictions currently in place for qualified teams and players from around the world," Said FIFA in an official statement.
"Various stakeholders also raised concerns during discussions about the hosting of the tournaments in relation to the dynamic global situation. The latest developments would not guarantee the integrity of the competitions as well as the safety and health of all involved parties, which continues to be a priority for us.
"The FIFAe World Cup 2021 was scheduled to be hosted in London, England from 6-8 August, whereas the FIFAe Nations Cup 2021 was scheduled for Copenhagen in Denmark from 20-22 August.
Mo Harkous (MoAuba) was the last player to win the FIFAe World Cup back in 2019 (Image: Eamonn McCormack - FIFA)
"In order to appreciate all of the efforts and hard work throughout the FIFAe season by the qualified participants, the full amount of prize money for each event will be equally distributed between all qualified players and member associations.
"The qualified players at the FIFAe World Cup will receive their share individually, whereas the member associations will receive their share for the FIFAe Nations Cup.
"The FIFAe team would like to express its gratitude to all involved parties for their commitment and the tournament preparations made so far as well as to all the efforts by the players and member associations throughout the season.
"FIFA will continue to monitor the situation concerning the ongoing pandemic globally, as well as any potential impact on the upcoming season.
"However - the FIFAe team is undoubtedly looking forward to the future of FIFA esports - and FIFAe will be back next year with more competition at the highest level."
EA has recently confirmed that FIFA 22 will be released in the UK and worldwide on Friday, October 1, 2021. But there are various versions of FIFA 22 available to pre-order now.
The Standard Edition of FIFA 22 will follow the worldwide release date, but the Ultimate Edition offers four days early access, which means players will be able to play the game from Monday, September 27, 2021.
In the NewsGood news for esports fans as Ubisoft partners with GamestreamThe move could result in the new Assassin's Creed Infinity game landing on Nintendo Switch and mobile
In the NewsExplaining esports: What is Twitch?The first in a series of esports explainers looks at livestream platform Twitch
Top TikTokers raked in more than $55.5 million in 2021
In the NewsCharli D'Amelio earned more than $17 million from the social media platform in 2021 making her the highest-earning TikTok celebrity
Microsoft has quietly killed off the Xbox One line
XboxProduction on Xbox One consoles stopped at the end of 2020 as Microsoft shifted its attention to the Xbox Series X|S
F1 Esports racer makes history after securing place in Formula 2
EsportsFor the first time in the history of the Formula 2 series, a former sim racer and F1 Esports driver will line up on the real-life F2 grid next season after signing with Charouz Racing System.


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I just love these. My kids pick out the ones they want and I keep one in the backpack and travel bag. These are so handy for a quick clean up when eating out and multiple uses during a school day. We have cut down on illness somewhat since I have my children hooked on using hand sanitizer before meals and after playing with toys used by others.
I love these! They are the perfect size to throw into a purse, backpack, or even glove compartment. They are really convenient to have for a quick clean you can trust. They often have great sales on these especially at Christmas. You can pick up and even pop them into gifts over the year. Different colors and smells. I also like the fact they don't over dry my skin as I have sensitive skin.
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Disney, American multinational mass media and entertainment brand, has released the trailer for the latest installment of Star Wars dubbed 'The Rise of Skywalker'.
The teaser, which represents the ninth installment of the movie, was released through a tweet from Star Wars' Twitter handle on Friday, April 12, 2019, during the movie's celebration in Chicago.
In the trailer, which begins with Rey's panting in the desert, Ray portrayed by Daisy Ridley, an English actress, is seen getting advice from Luke (Mark Hamil). The movie would be available in theaters come December.
'The Rise of Skywalker' sees the return of Princess Leia and the Emperor Palpatine to threatens Rey while Dee Williams revives his role as Lando Calrissian.
Towards the end of the trailer, an ominous laughter is heard from Emperor Palpatine as a menacing storm and horridly overcast clouds are seen far ahead in the Horizon.
Daily Mail reports that J.J. Abrams, the movie's director, confirmed that 'The Rise of Skywalker' would feature a live Princess Leila, even though the said role fizzled out in 2016.
"Princess Leila lives in this film in a way that is mind-blowing to me. This movie is about the new generation and what they've inherited, the light and the dark," he said during the celebration in Chicago.


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Education Week's blogs > Bridging Differences See more Opinion
Deborah Meier
Harry Boyte
Deborah Meier is a visionary teacher, author, and founder of successful small schools in New York City and Boston. Harry Boyte, senior scholar at Augsburg College, is founder of the youth civic empowerment initiative Public Achievement and a leader in the movement to democratize higher education.
« Democracy Schools: Lessons From Escuela Nueva | Main | From Rage to Responsibility »
Thinking Big: How to Expand Democratic Schools
By Deborah Meier on January 7, 2016 9:37 AM
Deborah Meier continues her conversation with Harry Boyte. To read their full exchange, please visit here.
Dear Harry and friends,
Three things have come together—your pre-Christmas letter being the clincher.
My recent medical problems involving when and on whom certain new experimental procedures can be used has led me into thinking about the degree of autonomy doctors should have, and by extension teachers, and going one step further, ordinary citizens!
Listening to the political debates led me to think about the underlying assumptions regarding top-down vs. bottom-up initiatives. Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders represent a different take on this. But we are none of us consistent—and for probably good reasons. The desire for a strong, powerful leader probably lurks in the hearts of many a staunch Democrat.
Then as I reread your letter and its description of the remarkable work in Columbia, I'm reminded of how I stuck closely to single-school "reform" vs. systemic reform. For most of the first 40 years of work in public education I focused on what could be done in a school setting to further democratic concepts. I didn't think it possible to expand much further in the climate I worked. Schools couldn't lead the revolution; and in the words of a famous socialist, "You cannot build socialism in a single country." In short, my aims were modest. Maybe too modest.
Still, I was deeply committed to the idea that schooling had a huge impact on its citizen-members. I explored the limits in the three schools I was most involved with—one school at a time. I put my oar into widening our own autonomies—with or without permission—and building networks of like-minded school people.
I was occasionally pushed to think bigger by the readings of others—like Seymour Sarason and Vito Perrone, Lillian Weber and Ted Sizer. The first try was to transform a non-zoned large high school into many small Coalition K-12 schools. It worked!
By luck (named Ted Sizer) the Annenberg Institute offered me a chance to consider a far larger project in the 1990s. We put together a coalition, not always like-minded, with a plan to expand to 150 K-6, 7-12 schools. We rested our hopes on the idea of changing the odds in favor of schools with far greater autonomy and the power of networks to sustain the work while also providing feedback and accountability. I depended on Linda Darling-Hammond, then at Columbia, and Tom Sobol, then-chief of New York City's public system, to find ways these could be accountable to/with publicly elected authorities! They did some pioneering work in this direction—work now lost.
What did they know in Colombia that we hadn't yet acknowledged that has given them such staying power?
Most of those schools still are hanging on. Perhaps by creating a coalition between the mom-and-pop charters and progressive-minded public schools seeking greater autonomy we might come up with a set of basic principles of democratic accountability alongside with sufficient autonomy to build onto this past work before it's lost.
We may need to learn from other fields. This morning I read a piece by Adam Gopnik in the November 30 issue of The New Yorker called "Spooked," with the subhead, "What do we learn about science from a controversy in physics?" One particular lesson is about the nature of "evidence" in science vs. "evidence" in education. They are, as I read in Gopnik, not as far apart as we think, not because we aren't tough or rigorous enough as educators, but because even in science "evidence" is no simple yes/no matter.
I also discovered a piece called "Public Accountability for Charter Schools," published in 2014 by the Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, that I hadn't read! Everyone should get a copy. It might include a viable starting point.
I treasure schools which start from similar premises about democracy, equity, and justice and have come to different conclusions about pedagogy, curriculum, uniforms, field work, etc., and have settled on different governance structures.
This probably excludes the charter chains that dominate the discussion, which replicate all the vices of current urban systems, with even less public accountability or democracy, except redefined as "voting with your feet"—choice. New Orleans has decided to experiment with a private free market system; L.A. is considering it. We need to act fast.
Democracy in schools
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Hiatus in Bridging Differences
Who Makes Democratic Change?
Is Less Governance Always Better for Students?
Empowering Students: When the Last Become First
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How to check, if I have enough cooling energy for PowerCURE™?
The cooling energy should be 3 kW or more.
Cooling water temperature not below 20°C, due to the condensation at the coil.
The water pump should be able to generate a min. of 4 bar pressure at the inlet of the PowerCURE™ with a pump capacity of min. 10l/min.
You buy your cooling system – you are responsible for the required technical data.
You're planning to buy a larger cooling unit for the PowerCURE™ and the welder, you must add the data of both systems requirement together. Ask the original welder manufacturer for the cooling data and remember; if the cooling water for the welder is required to be below 20° C, you must split the system in two circuits with independently adjustable temperatures.
You order the cooling unit at CanMan.
You buy a CanMan welding machine with seam protection and a PowerCURE™. In this case we will deliver a combined cooling unit, which cools the welding and the PowerCURE™ unit.


The Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resource (BTTSR) solicits Biospecimen Request Forms for Research (BRFR) and investigators throughout the year with a minimum of paperwork. The application process is simple and straightforward. Contact ccbr@ad.ucsd.edu with questions.
1. Investigators are requested to submit an inquiry specifying the type and quantity of biospecimen they are interested in obtaining to the BTTSR manger via email ccbr@ucd.edu or skaushal@ucsd.edu or submit online inquiry form.
2. The BTTSR manager will work with the investigator to verify the availability of the requested biospecimens and further assist the investigator through the distribution process.
3. Once the biospecimen type and quantity have been confirmed against the BTTSR inventory, the investigator will be directed to submit a biospecimen request form (BRFR). The BRFR documents information about the proposed research plan as well as the number and type of biospecimens requested.
b. All other studies is used for larger sample size will be reviewed by Biospecimen Request review committee, then will be approved by Biorepository Director/Management.
5. BTTSR Executive Committee makes the final decision on approving the request for biospecimens and associated data. If the BTTSR is not able to supplement the investigator's needs, every effort will be made to identify an appropriate resource.
6. Upon review by the (OSDBAG) and EC, a BTTSR Manager/ representative is assigned to assist with the distribution of biospecimens and/or to inquire about any scientific issues raised by the (OSDBA).
7. Once approved, an official letter/email with a commitment from the BTTSR to provide the necessary biospecimens is sent to the investigator. The approval letter may be incorporated into NIH or other grant applications.
8. After the investigator has verified that funding has been secured and IRB approvals have been obtained if needed, biospecimens are released for disbursement. Investigators who fail to obtain funding within six months of receiving their letter of approval will have the approval voided, making those biospecimens available to other investigators.
9. If the BRFR is not approved, the investigator will be provided with a letter stating the concerns of the OSDBAG and/or the BTTSR Executive Committee. A BTTSR representative will work with the investigator to resolve any remaining scientific issues in preparation for reconsideration.
10. Notification of approval or denial of biospecimens will be emailed approximately 4-6 weeks from BRFR submission and 1-2 weeks from pilot studies.
You may also complete the request form if you require assistance or wish for the BTTSR to contact you. Only members of UC San Diego and C3 (Cancer Center Council) have access to the shared resources.
2. The BTTSR Manager will work with the investigator to evaluate the feasibility of study of the requested prospective collection.
3. Investigators are requested to complete biospecimen request forms for research.
4. Requests will be reviewed and approved by the biorepository director and management.
5. After meeting and with all parties in agreement, SOP and communication workflow will be established prior to the start of the project.
Investigators are requested to submit completed sold tissue request forms along with clinical trial biospecimen collection documents to Tissue Acquisition manager via email ccbr@ucd.edu or emasmila@ucsd.edu.


text:
AthensRocks*
Company: X LA LA LA PRESENTS
Contact: Nikolaos Loridas
E-mail: loris@xlalala.gr
Phone: 00 30 210 364 34 68
Website: www.rockwavefestival.gr
City: Athens
Site: TerraVibe Park in Malakasa
Stages: 2: Terra Stage
Vibe Stage
The Rockwave Festival journey begins in 1996. This was the first attempt in Greece to create an institution of an annual live music event to host contemporary pop and rock artists and bands. The goal was achieved! Black Sabbath, Prodigy, Metallica, REM, Guns N' Roses, Sting, Manu Chao, Oasis, Robert Plant, Iron Maiden, Moby, Franz Ferdinand, Placebo, Sonic Youth, Nick Cave, Patti Smith, Iggy Pop, Portishead, Black Eyed Peas, Fatboy Slim, Massive Attack, The Offspring and many other prestigious artists have been hosted by Rockwave Festival through these years.
Since 2004, Rockwave Festival takes place a half-an-hour-drive from the centre of Athens in the naturally preserved area, TerraVibe Park in Malakasa, offering a full festival experience. Beautiful green surrounding, camping, shops, bars, fun games, merch and memorabilia are all there! Today, established but yet enthusiastic as ever, Rockwave is the most popular festival in the area of South East Europe, synonymous with the arrival of summer, a main attraction for Greek and international audiences.
Rock, Pop, Alternative, Metal
Placebo, Evanescence, Sivert Hoyem, Cigarettes After Sex, Fat White Family, Gojira, Flogging Molly, Anathema, Paradise Lost, Epica, Last International Playboys, Robbie Williams, Lana Del Rey, Black Keys, Judas Priest, The Last Shadow Puppets, Dropkick Murphys, The Prodigy, Editors, Gogol Bordello, Kyuss Lives, Cake, Monster Magner, The Stranglers, Marky Ramone's Blitzkrieg, Flogging Molly, Sivert Hoyem, Therapy?, Viza, Dept, The Inspector Cluzo, Yannis Agelakas 3, Pavlos Pavlidis & B- Movies, Vassilikos, Psarantonis, Lykoi Live, Manu Chao, Metallica, REM, Guns N' Roses, Sting, Black Sabbath, Oasis, Moby, Franz Ferdinand, Placebo, Blur, Nick Cave, Patti Smith, Iggy Pop, Robert Plant, Iron Maiden, Dream Theatre, Megadeth, Garbage, Portishead, Pulp, Madrugada, Puressence, Fun Lovin Criminals, Prodigy, Sonic Youth, Natasha Atlas, Offspring, Slipknot, Black Eyed Peas, Fatboy Slim, Massive Attack, DJ Shadow, Faithless etc.


A small town garden designed by Kate Gould Gardens and constructed by the Garden Builders - that was very overlooked and impossible to access from the back of the house as the land had been raised over time reaching up to the bottom sills of the basement windows.
A complete overhaul of the house was being undertaken with new bi-fold doors being installed at the back of the house so the built-up land was removed and the wall underpinned to allow the clients to enter the garden from the new basement kitchen area where the flooring material is used both inside and out. A garden for entertaining and relaxing mainly in the evenings and weekends meant that a large barbeque and dining area were required along with a place for a fireplace to relax around in the evenings. The clients tastes are modern and so lighting was important, using in-ground, spot up-lights and B-Lux floor mounted lights. The planting is intended to be evergreen with seasonal white blooms and with a view to easy maintenance.


text:
Bankers reject claims that Iceland is in financial crisis
Business, Iceland, MBL
By Chris Bolwig
11:45 am April 3, 2008
"Fears of a meltdown are vastly overblown", wrote Hannes Gissurarson, professor of political theory at the University Iceland in the Wall Street Journal yesterday.
International media coverage of Iceland has been in a frenzy following speculation that the tiny Nordic country is allegedly on the verge of economic collapse.
But the negative media publicity is unwarranted according to a number of senior bankers more familiar with the atypical workings of the Icelandic financial system.
"The global turmoil is certainly hurting the financial sector, but the danger of things toppling over here is greatly exaggerated," said Finnur Oddsson, managing director of the Icelandic Chamber of Commerce.
Thor Herbertsson, co-author of an influential report in 2006 on Iceland's economy with Fredric Mishkin, a member of the US Federal Reserve board, said "Iceland is not in more danger than some Wall Street banks."
Richard Portes, President of the Centre for Economic Policy Research, urged investors to pay more attention to the data. Mr Gissurarson, who is also a member of the Central Bank of Iceland, presented some of this data to the Wall Street Journal yesterday.
"Iceland isn't melting," he said, and pointed to an improving current account deficit which dropped to 16% of GDP in 2007 from 25% the year before. Gissurarson said that Iceland has virtually no public debt and has enjoyed "unparalleled political stability" since the pro-business Independence Party took office in 1991.
He also addressed the issue of large private-sector debt which critics say is evidence of the impending doom. "To correctly assess the health of the economy, it's not enough to look only at the future value of the investments financed by this debt but also at the new capital that has been created in Iceland over the last 16 years."
Gissurarson said that this new capital, which has seen a surge in Icelandic investments overseas, (particularly in British and Nordic retail), has been part-funded by 5 billion dollars worth of fishing quotas and 6 billion dollars of newly-privatized public assets in Iceland. This is why Icelandic investors "have been able to play a far more important role in international finance markets than the small size of the economy might suggest".
Gissurarson also highlighted that Iceland has per capita one of the strongest state pension systems in the world with assets of around $24 billion at the end of 2006 – $7 billion more than the country's total annual GDP. Its two main exports, seafood and aluminium, also currently command record prices.
He concluded that there "is no mystery" to the recent appearance of Icelandic investors abroad, pointing to the rapid transformation of what was in essence a poor country before 1991, to a rich one with a privatised economy and "liquid capital" which can be used as collateral.
Meanwhile Icelandic central bank policy maker Ingimundur Fridriksson said yesterday the country's banks are stable, having "virtually no subprime exposure". Glitnir, one of the largest Icelandic banks with offices in 11 countries, said it was now the second largest equity broker on the Oslo Stock Exchange (OSE) after increasing its market share to NOK 24,127 million, or 7.37% of equity turnover, in March.
"Glitnir has a positive view on the development on OSE going forward. Most crises end with a collapse, and we believe the FED supported buyout of Bear Stearns will be remembered as the climax of the current credit crisis", said Bengt Jonassen, Head of Research at Glitnir Securities.
Glitnir
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Older PostOffshore savings bank launches 6.30% bond – BBI


The Church of God in Christ founded by Bishop C. H. Mason influenced many. Elder Barker, a young energetic charismatic preacher, was sent to Kansas City from St. Louis. Prayer meetings, fasting, consecration and revival broke out.
1910-1913 A group was assembled to begin services in a small building at 21st Flora. Many were saved, sanctified and filled with the power of the Holy Ghost. Many were added to the faith under Elder Barker at that time.
1915-1916 The group purchased a tent, pitching at 22nd Vine and 26th Vine. The tent revivals brought many into sanctification. During that time, there was much opposition, abuse, threats and persecution, but that did not stop the work of Elder Barker. The group began searching for property. The increase of saints continued. Revival continued. Threats continued. The opposition burned the tent down. Property was located at 1709 Highland with two buildings. One was used for Pastor's residence and the other building for the church.
The increase continued. Revival broke out throughout the Missouri Western areas, especially Moberly, Missouri and Omaha, Nebraska. In 1917, the first Convocation bringing in all the saints from surrounding areas at 1709 Highland was conducted. Bishop Mason came to the meeting. Elder Barker was appointed overseer of Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, and Iowa. In 1922, the first Convocation was held in Omaha, NE.
Remodeling began at 1709 Highland. A stone basement was built (47x85) and completed in 1927. A few years later, the auditorium was built. Many souls were saved, healings from blinded eyes, wheel chairs, and new growth of limbs were witnessed. In the days to come, many bought church property and had homes built to establish their work. At that time, the growth of new churches was 42.
Bishop Barker was an early pioneer and leader who lead many to salvation, sanctification and holiness, with the evidence of speaking in unknown tongues powered by the Holy Ghost.
Bishop Virgil Moses Barker was a devoted family man. He met his true love and married Ruth Dolly? Strauss. They lived at 23rd Tracy and later moved to 17th Highland next door to Barker Temple. From that union, nine children were born (6 girls and 3 boys): Virginia, Ruth, Naomi, Elise, Dimple, Merle, Victor, Flernoy and Lavern. At his time of departure, he had 10 grandchildren and 3 great grandchildren.
The greatest man is he who chooses the right with invincible resolutions, who resist the sorest temptations from within and without; who bears the heaviest burdens cheerfully; who is calmest in storms, and most fearless under menace and frowns; and whose reliance on truth, on virtue and on God is unfaltering.
Bishop Virgil Moses Barker was born June 24, 1881 at Drew County, Arkansas, son of William and Mary Barker. Bishop Barker was one of thirteen children born to this union. He grew up near Pine Bluff, Arkansas where he received his early education. He later attended and graduated from the Branch Normal College at Pine Bluff, not the Arkansas A & M College in 1908. Upon graduation he traveled to St. Louis where he resided unto the beginning of the year 1912. Having been converted at an early age in Arkansas, he entered the ministry in the year of 1907. Bishop Barker was an early associate of the founders of the Church of God in Christ, he became a pioneer builder and convincing exponent of the Pentecostal doctrine. Many hundreds of persons were converted to the denomination through his dynamic preaching.
Bishop Barker was the last survivor of the first overseers of the Church appointed by Bishop C. H. Mason, founder of the Church of God in Christ. He came to Kansas City in June of 1912, founded the denomination in the years following in the areas of Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Western Missouri. There were more than fifty churches founded in Western Missouri of the Church of God in Christ under his leadership over which he presided for more than sixty years. He became Bishop Emeritus in 1972 after nominating Bishop E. Harris More to succeed him in the work of the church.
Bishop Barker served as a member of the Board of Bishops of the Church of God in Christ, as a member of the National Board of Directors of the church and as a member of the Historical Society of the denomination, treasurer of the National Benevolent Fund and in many others areas of the Church of which he served for more than 67 years. He suffered a fall in his home August 13, 1974 and entered the Menorah Hospital where he passed away August 28th at 7:25 PM.
still associated with the Barker Memorial Church Family/Red.
Many words were given to characterize our founders. They lived each day full of joy, served willingly with their hands, God was their priority, and they truly delighted themselves in living for the Lord. They were clothed in His righteousness and purity; this made them unique. They brought glory to God because they persented their bodies in holiness to him and were prepared for all spiritual battles.
Mother Lucille Brown played the piano, was a singer, and assisted in cleaning the church.
Mother Jeffie Lee Rowe taught Home & Foreign Missions and was a faithful Bible Band Student.
The old saints often stated: "If the Lord is Willing" to family and friends.
Elder Thomas & Lucille Holt allowed Bishop Barker to stay in their home and traveled with him as part of a team ministry. He was a great Evangelist and placed COGIC on the map. Powerfull prayer services occurred in their home because of him.
The first church consited of two buildings; one was used for the church and the other a parsonage for the first family. The two buildings were later destroyed. A basement was then re-built in this area, and afterwards, in the 1940's a top was built over the basement. During the early years, the church was called the "Highland Church" not Barker Temple.
The church was later named Barker because the church officials requested that the church be named after Bishop as a tribute to him.
During the late 1950's the young adult "Blue Birds" choir and their Director, Alphonso Bell, were given consent to purchase and hang a sign which consisted of a cross outside the church building with the church's name.
Bishop Barker was described as being spirit-filled and power packed; he walked the floor, was highly anointed, and treated everyone the same.
The church during this time was described as having people with a great love for mankind. They worked and prayed together, studied the Bible, followed leadership, dressed like saints and showed that there was a difference between the saints and the world.
The old saints called upon the Lord, believed in deliverance from sin, salvation, and in the healing power of God with working of miracles.
Bishop Emmett Harris Moore was born March 28, 1919 to the union of the late Elijah and Lula Harris Moore in Birmingham, Alabama. He was the eldest of eight children. His parents and one sister, Odessa Marshall preceded him in death.
He spent his early years in Alabama and later in Illinois. Godly principles were instilled in Bishop Moore as a young man. He believed in being equipped both spiritually and scholastically. Bishop Moore was a graduate of both the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago and the University of Illinois (Chicago campus). He also attended Chicago Baptist Institued where he later taught. He commited his life to Christ and acknowledged his call to the Gospel Ministry in Chicago, Illinois in 1943. He served as Pastor of the Philadelphia church of God in Christ; Superintendent of the Founders District of Chicago, Illinois; Founder of the Delena School in Chicago. Shortly thereafter, he met Elise Barker, who would become his bride and First Lady of the Jurisdiction of Western Missouri.
Bishop Moore served as Pastor of Barker Temple Church of God in Christ which was founded by the late Bishop V. M. Barker, faithfully for over thirty-seven years. He taught, trained, and ordained many leaders who are now Elders, Pastors, Administrators, Supervisors and Missionaries. His fruits have lived on in Barker Temple; in Barker Memorial Cathedral of Praise; the Kansas City area; the Jurisdiction and throughout the Brotherhood. He was well respected as a leader, also as a Christian gentleman full of faith and Christ-like lifestyle in the Kansas City area, the United States and abroad.
Board Member of the Church Management Services Corporation of the C.N.B.C.
Bishop Moore was a man of valour and even during his affliction he continued to visit the sick and shut-in, jails, nursing homes and mental institutions. He was a devoted husband, a loving father, a nurturing pastor and a loyal friend. On Thursday, November 26, 1998, our great leader and shepherd laid down his staff and answered his Master's call. Bishop Emett Harris Moore was released from this terrestial sphere to that celestial sphere, thus ending a span of seventy-nine years. He is truly still missed on today.


Shawna Thompson, an IU alumna, currently works for Urban Outfitters in Bloomington. She recently moved back to the area with her four-year-old twins, Madeleine and Theodore, and her mother, Donna Dalton.
Donna came to stay with her daughter after entering into cancer remission. She is now able to serve as the twins' caregiver while Shawna balances a busy schedule of work and appointments for Theodore. He was born with lissencephaly, a rare brain disorder, where the whole or parts of the brain appear smooth, this affects Theodore's abilities. He requires the use of a communication device and frequent speech and physical therapy appointments.
"Raising my children has been a difficult road, but it has also been one of the best and most fulfilling experiences. I am glad my mom is able to help." Shawna says she wishes she could give her mom her own home, but she is also happy to have her nearby.
Shawna applied to the Habitat program on a whim, after hearing about the organization in passing. She did her own research and called the office for more information. She attended the next Homeowner Information Meeting and was sold. She applied and was accepted into the program in December of 2017. Now just 15 months later, she is preparing for construction to begin on her Trail View home.
The whole family is excited to begin construction, and to move out of their overcrowded condo. "There isn't enough space for the twins to run around or use their toys to their full capacity," said Shawna. "My daughter Madeleine's excitement to have her own mom is contagious!" The entire family is also looking forward to living so close to the B-Line Trail as both kids like to ride their bikes and be outdoors.
Shawna has earned many of her sweat equity hours at the ReStore and through office projects. Now, she is ready to meet all of the volunteers who will be working alongside her through the construction process.