By Nancy B. Nichols, Ph.D., CPA; Susan Q. Ferguson, MSA, CPA; and William M. VanDenburgh, Ph.D.
A college student who otherwise qualifies as a dependent of his or her parents will not be a dependent if the student provides more than one-half of his or her support during a tax year.
Support generally includes amounts expended for food, shelter, clothing, medical and dental care, education, and other similar items. If and how a particular expenditure is taken into account in the support test depends on the source of funds used to pay it.
The treatment of expenses paid with distributions from Sec. 529 plans and Coverdell ESAs in the support test is uncertain because of the dual nature of these college savings vehicles and a lack of IRS guidance.
A child's status as a dependent determines whether the child or his or her parents can claim the education tax credits and the tuition and fees deduction for the child.
College students combine many sources of funds to pay for their education, including personal savings, family savings, income from jobs, scholarships, and/or student loans. As the percentage of funds from the student's sources increases, parents risk losing the student as a dependent on their tax return. Not only do the parents lose the exemption deduction, but they also lose available higher education tax benefits (the Hope scholarship, American opportunity, and lifetime learning credits, and the tuition deduction). The combined effects can be significant in dollar terms. In addition to these tax issues, there are other material financial issues at stake with the loss of dependent status.
Taxpayers and tax professionals need to carefully evaluate the impact that the sources of college funding can have on the net tax and financial position of the family unit. Blindly assuming that a student qualifies as a dependent on the parents' tax return can result in noncompliance with the tax law and can have other financial implications (for example, for benefits provided by the parents' employer and federal student aid calculations). With some advance preparation, tax professionals can plan for the dependency exemption issue and maximize the family's net tax savings.
College costs continue to increase at a rate greater than inflation. The average annual cost of college for 2007–2008, including undergraduate tuition, room, and board, was $13,424 for a four-year public university and $30,393 at a private institution. 1 Many parents begin saving early for their child's education. The introduction of qualified tuition plans (QTP) under Sec. 529 in 1996 provided a tax-effective vehicle for college education savings. As of December 2008, nearly $105 billion in assets was invested in more than 11 million QTP accounts. 2 Many of the student beneficiaries of these plans are now entering college, and the tax implications of plan distributions should be considered before making withdrawals from the accounts.
Given current economic conditions, students are borrowing more money for higher education than ever before. The average student loan debt for those graduating during the 2003–2004 academic year was $12,750 for public institutions and $16,950 for private institutions. 3 More recent data issued by the Project on Student Debt indicates that the average debt level for graduating seniors has increased to $19,200 and $22,125 for those graduating from public and private universities, respectively. The percentage of students with student loans rose to 66.4% in 2004. 4 Both student loans and QTPs have a direct impact on the support test for a qualifying child.
What Are the Requirements to Remain a Dependent?
Relationship: The child must be the taxpayer's child or stepchild (whether by blood or adoption), foster child, sibling or stepsibling, or a descendant of any of them.
Age: The child must be under age 19 or a full-time student under age 24 at the end of the year. To be considered a full-time student, the child must be enrolled for the number of hours or courses the school considers to be full time and must be a student for at least five months during the year.
Residency: The child must live with the taxpayer for more than one-half of the year. The child is considered to live with the taxpayer while he or she is temporarily away from home due to education, illness, business, vacation, or military service.
Support: The student cannot have provided more than one-half of his or her own support.
Marital status: If married, the student did not file a joint tax return for the year, unless the return is filed only to claim a tax refund and no tax liability would exist for either spouse.
Citizen or resident: The student must be either a U.S. citizen, resident, or national or a resident of Canada or Mexico.
The support test for a qualifying child is the main focus of the remainder of this article. We assume that if the support test is met, the child meets the remaining requirements to be a dependent of the taxpayer.
To determine whether the student provided more than one-half of his or her support, the amount provided by the student must be compared with the total amount of support the student received from all sources. The amount provided by the student may come from the student's own income or student funds. Only the amounts actually spent are considered support provided by the student.
The IRS provides a worksheet to help taxpayers evaluate the support test. 5 The first section of the worksheet calculates the amount of support provided by the student, the second section totals household expenses, and the third section determines the student's total support expenses. As with any attempt to simplify a complicated calculation, the form does not take into account some of the nuances of the calculation. For example, the household expense section is not designed to accommodate a college student living at home for a portion of the year and living either on or near campus for a portion of the year.
The support test depends on two factors: the source of funds and total expenses. Regs. Sec. 1.152-1(a)(2) provides that support includes food, shelter, clothing, medical and dental care, education, and other similar items. Generally, the actual cost incurred is included in the support total, except for lodging and capital expenditures, which are valued at fair market value (FMV).
The FMV of lodging is its fair rental value. No additional amount can be taken into account for real estate taxes, repairs, and utilities if they are reflected in fair rental value. 9 The amount of lodging and other household expenses attributed to the support of an individual living in a household equals the proportion of fair rental value and expenses reflecting the individual's per capita proportionate share. This proportionality rule applies to lodging, utilities, and food. The proportionality rule should be altered if some members of the household are present for significantly greater periods than others. 10 For instance, blindly allocating summer months to the parents' portion of the support calculation may not hold if the child has a summer internship in another city or attends summer classes.
Example 1: Child S attends a qualifying educational institution during the traditional academic school year, September–April. S lives with his parents during the summer months, May–August. Support attributable to S during the summer months would include any specific expenses incurred plus his per capita share for four months' lodging, utilities, and food. Assume that the fair rental value of the parents' home is $30,000 annually (excluding utilities). Annual utilities and food expenditures are $3,600 and $12,000, respectively. Therefore, the parental contribution to S's support for the summer months for lodging, utilities, and food is $2,500 ($30,000 × .25 × 4⁄12), $300 ($3,600 × .25 × 4⁄12), and $1,000 ($12,000 × .25 × 4⁄12), respectively, totaling $3,800.
Certain expenses are not included in total support. Income taxes and Social Security and Medicare taxes paid from the individual's own income are excluded from total support under Rev. Rul. 58-67. 11 Sec. 152(f)(5) excludes from total support scholarships received by the student. For example, assume that the parents contribute $5,000 to S's support, S receives a $7,000 scholarship, and S contributes $2,000 to his support. By excluding the scholarship from total support, S provides less than one-half of his own support ($2,000 ÷ $7,000 = 29%) and remains a dependent of the parents. Without this provision, S would have provided more than one-half of his own support ($9,000 ÷ $14,000 = 64%).
Students use many funding sources to pay for their education and living expenses while in college. These include parents' savings, personal savings, income from part-time jobs, student loans, gifts from family members, scholarships, and funds from tax-advantaged savings vehicles. The source of funds will determine whether the expenses are considered support provided by the student or the parents.
Funds provided from parents' savings are considered support provided by the parents, and funds withdrawn from the student's personal savings are considered support provided by the student. Accounts set up under the Uniform Gift to Minors Act (UGMA) become the property of the student at the time the account is set up, and the custodian has the legal fiduciary responsibility to handle the money for the benefit of the minor. When the student reaches age 18 or 21, depending on the state, the student takes control of the account. Since the account is the student's property, any funds used from the account are considered support provided by the student.
Many students work at least part-time while in college. To the extent the student uses current income to pay for expenses, those funds are counted as support provided by the student. Under Regs. Sec. 1.152-1(a)(2)(ii), "in computing the amount which is contributed for the support of an individual, there must be included any amount which is contributed by such individual for his own support, including income which is ordinarily excludable from gross income." Therefore, gifts made to the student are included in total support if they are used for his or her support.
During difficult economic times, more students turn to student loans to help finance their education. The federal student loan borrowing limits for most undergraduate students are currently $5,500 for the first year of study, $6,500 for the second year of study, and $7,500 for the remaining years. 12 Private student loans may also be used to fill in the gap between the cost of education and the funds available through federal aid programs and the student's family. When the student obtains a loan that he or she is obligated to repay, those amounts are considered support provided by the student. 13 The designation of those funds as student provided may give the parents difficulty with the support test. If parents borrow money that they are obligated to repay, the funds are considered provided by the parents.
Example 3: Assume the same facts as in Example 2, except that instead of the parents taking out a personal loan for $5,000, S borrows the additional $5,000 through private student loans. S's total contribution increases to $14,000, and the parents' contribution decreases to $4,800. S now provides more than one-half of his own support ($14,000 ÷ $18,800 = 74%), so he no longer qualifies as a dependent of his parents.
Examples 2 and 3 demonstrate how slight alterations in funding sources can determine which taxpayer may claim the dependency exemption. The tax benefits of the parents claiming the student as a dependent usually warrant planning the source of funds in an effort to preserve the dependency exemption and educational credits; however, this may not always be the case. A high-income family should analyze who claims the dependency exemption in terms of potential phaseouts, tax credits, alternative minimum tax, and nontax implications. In other words, something as simple as which taxpayer claims the exemption deduction (parent or child) can have numerous tax consequences.
An increasing number of students are now using funds from Sec. 529 plans (also known as qualified tuition programs, or QTPs) to help pay for their education. In general, any distribution is includible in the gross income of the distributee (student) in the manner provided in Sec. 72. 14 However, to the extent the distributions are used for qualified education expenses, they are excludible from gross income. 15 If the distribution exceeds qualified education expenses, a portion is taxed to the distributee and will usually be subject to a 10% penalty tax.
The actual amount charged by the institution if the student is living in housing owned by the institution.
if a QSTP makes a distribution directly to an eligible educational institution to pay tuition and fees for a designated beneficiary or a QSTP makes a distribution in the form of a check payable to both a designated beneficiary and an eligible educational institution, the distribution shall be treated as having been made in full to the designated beneficiary.
Therefore, if the funds are distributed to the student, the student is taxed on the earnings amount associated with any excess distributions. The question that still remains unclear is who is considered to have contributed the funds toward the student's support—the student or the account owner (who often is a parent).
In an attempt at simplification, the Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004 (WFTRA) 16 established a uniform definition of "qualifying child" for the purposes of five commonly used provisions, including the dependency exemption. Prior to the amendments under WFTRA, the support test to qualify as a dependent required that the taxpayer (parent) provide more than one-half of the dependent's support. Under WFTRA, the support requirement provides that a child is not considered a qualifying child if the child provides over one-half of his or her own support. 17 Although the IRS has not updated the regulations under Sec. 152 since the passage of WFTRA, presumably the regulations and case law interpreting support would still apply.
Under Regs. Sec. 1.152-1(a)(2)(ii), any amount contributed by an individual for his or her support is considered, including income that is ordinarily excludable from gross income. Since the student is taxed on the distributions from the QTP or the distributions are excluded from the student's gross income, the regulation supports the position that the QTP funds (total distributions from the Sec. 529 plan) are contributed by the student for his or her support.
Account owner means the person who, under the terms of the QSTP or any contract setting forth the terms under which contributions may be made to an account for the benefit of a designated beneficiary, is entitled to select or change the designated beneficiary of an account, to designate any person other than the designated beneficiary to whom funds may be paid from the account, or to receive distributions from the account if no such other person is designated.
Typically a parent or grandparent is the account owner, but anyone can set up a QTP for either a related or an unrelated individual. The argument could be made that because the account owner controls whether a distribution is made and the amount of the distribution, and can even withdraw funds for himself or herself, the distribution from a QTP should be considered provided by the account owner for purposes of the support test. However, the estate and gift tax treatment of QTPs discussed below supports the position that the student should be treated as the person providing the support.
This possible treatment of QTP funds is similar to the incidents of ownership analysis for the estate tax treatment of life insurance. Under Sec. 2042, life insurance proceeds are included in the decedent's estate if at the time of death he or she possessed any incidents of ownership. Regs. Sec. 20.2042-1(c)(2) provides that "incidents of ownership" refers to the right of the insured or his or her estate to the economic benefits of the policy. It includes the power to change beneficiaries, to pledge the policy as security for a loan, or to surrender or cancel the policy. Any one of those "string" powers results in the decedent's being treated as owning the policy, resulting in the inclusion of the life insurance in the estate. In the case of a QTP, the account owner has the power to change beneficiaries and to cancel the plan by withdrawing the assets on his or her own behalf, thus strongly indicating direct and unrestrictive ownership.
The gift and estate tax treatment of QTPs was one of the changes made under the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. 20 Prior to these changes, contributions to a QTP were treated as incomplete gifts, and the gift tax consequences were determined at the time a distribution was made from the account. 21 In addition, the value of a QTP attributable to the contributions made by the individual was included in the contributor's estate if the contributor died before such amounts were distributed. 22 The Joint Committee on Taxation's explanation for all the 1997 QTP changes was to "allow greater flexibility in the use of such programs." 23 The changes in the gift and estate tax consequences of QTP contributions made the plans more attractive as college savings vehicles. On the other hand, completed gift treatment at the time of contribution weakens the argument that the funds belong to the account owner for purposes of the support test, even though the owner still has unrestricted control over the funds in the QTP.
a transfer which occurs by reason of a change in the designated beneficiary, or a rollover of credits or account balances from the account of one beneficiary to the account of another beneficiary, will be treated as a taxable gift by the old beneficiary to the new beneficiary if the new beneficiary is assigned to a lower generation than the old beneficiary.
Treating the "old beneficiary" as the transferor for gift tax purposes supports treating the student as the provider of the QTP funds for purposes of the support test.
five-year annual exclusion, and later change all the account beneficiaries to one individual. 24 The advance notice of proposed rulemaking for the proposed regulations under Sec. 529 (advance notice) indicates that the forthcoming rules will deal with this potential abuse. 25 The IRS has not yet addressed the treatment of QTP distributions for support purposes in any publication or release, and it does not do so in the advance notice. 26 To date there are no court cases involving education account distributions and the support issue. Whether the withdrawals from a QTP are sourced to the parent or the student will in many cases determine whether the student meets the definition of a qualifying child.
Example 4: Several years ago A and B opened a QTP with a $20,000 contribution, designating their daughter D as the beneficiary. During the current year, the parents direct the payment of an $8,000 tuition bill from the QTP directly to the qualified educational institution that D attends. They contribute another $5,000 to D's support from their personal savings account. D contributes $2,000 to her own support from her savings. Assume that the $8,000 tuition payment is considered support provided by D. Under these circumstances, D provides more than one-half of her own support ($10,000 ÷ $15,000, or 67%), thereby disqualifying her as a dependent of her parents. Conversely, assume that the QTP distribution is attributable to the parents. In this case, D would have contributed 13% toward her support ($2,000 ÷ $15,000), compared with the parents' 87% ($13,000 ÷ $15,000), qualifying her as the parents' dependent.
As in the previous examples, Example 4 demonstrates the importance of planning for the timing and amounts of QTP distributions. Given the large dollar amounts currently invested in Sec. 529 plans, Treasury or Congress need to clarify the treatment of the distributions from these plans as they affect the dependent support test. With individual Sec. 529 plan maximums now exceeding $200,000 (and over $300,000 in many states), 27 QTP balances may be large enough to cover all the qualified educational expenses at even the priciest private institutions. The sourcing of distributions from these plans to either the account owner or the beneficiary will determine whether the student qualifies as a dependent on the parents' tax return.
Technically, the Coverdell account is a custodial account, which means that the beneficiary becomes the legal account owner when the student reaches the age of 18 or 21, depending on the state. Prior to the student's reaching majority, a "responsible person" (usually a parent) oversees the account. The responsible person decides when funds will be distributed and if and when funds will be rolled over to a family member's account. The responsible person is not allowed to withdraw the funds for himself or herself.
The IRS pre-approved account agreement allows the donor to make two choices when setting up the account. 32 The first choice involves what happens when the beneficiary reaches the age of majority. The donor has the option of allowing the responsible person to continue to control the account after the beneficiary reaches legal age; otherwise control of the account will pass to the beneficiary at that point. The second choice involves whether the responsible person has the authority to change the designated beneficiary.
The Code generally treats the Coverdell account like a Sec. 529 plan from an income tax and gift and estate tax perspective, supporting the position that the student contributes the funds for his or her support. The fact that the Coverdell account is technically a custodial account further supports this position.
The distinctions between a QTP and a Coverdell account weaken the position that the funds are provided by the account owner. When setting up a Coverdell account, the account owner must designate a responsible person to oversee the account, usually a parent. The responsible person may or may not remain in control of the account after the beneficiary reaches the age of majority and may or may not have the right to change the beneficiary.
If the student becomes the responsible person when he or she reaches majority, the argument that the funds are provided by the account owner becomes much more difficult because the account owner has no control over the distribution of the funds or the beneficiary. If both the account owner and the responsible person are a parent, the argument that the funds are provided by the parent is similar to the argument for the QTP. However, the Coverdell account owner does not have the option of reclaiming the funds for himself or herself as the QTP owner does. Under Sec. 530(b)(1)(E), any amount remaining in a Coverdell account is treated as distributed to the beneficiary 30 days after the beneficiary reaches age 30 and is included in the beneficiary's gross income. Sec. 530(d)(5) gives the beneficiary the option of contributing, within 60 days of receipt, the remaining balance to another Coverdell account for the benefit of a family member as long as the new beneficiary has not attained age 30. The otherwise taxable distribution would then be excluded from gross income.
As with the QTP distributions, whether the withdrawals from a Coverdell account are sourced to the parent or the student will in many cases determine whether the student meets the definition of qualifying child. Again, Treasury guidance on the sourcing of these funds is lacking.
If the student provides more than one-half of his or her support, the student qualifies for the above benefits on his or her tax return.
For 2010, the dependency exemption amount is $3,650. 33 For 2009 and prior years, the dependency exemption was phased out for higher-income taxpayers. 34 If the student can be claimed as a dependent (even if the taxpayer does not claim the dependency deduction), the student cannot take the exemption on his or her tax return. Another consideration for those taxpayers subject to alternative minimum tax (AMT) is that the dependency exemption is disallowed for AMT purposes.
The maximum Hope scholarship credit (renamed the American opportunity credit for 2009 and 2010) is $2,500, while the maximum lifetime learning credit is $2,000. Both credits phase out based on modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). The phaseout for 2010 is between $80,000 and $90,000 of MAGI ($160,000 and $180,000 for joint returns).
No double benefits are allowed for the same qualified education expenses. 37 The qualified education expenses are either considered tax-free distributions from the Coverdell or QTP account, used for claiming the tuition and fees deduction, or used for calculating the education credits. The same expenses cannot be used for more than one benefit.
Most traditional students will meet the definition of qualifying child for the year they enter college because they were living at home for eight months while completing high school. Due to the potentially higher level of parental support during the last year of high school, parents may be able to take a larger distribution from a QTP without being concerned about losing the student as a dependent in the first year he or she enters college. Disregarding the dependency support test issue, parents are often inclined to defer distributions to later years to maximize the tax-favored status on earnings.
Careful calculation of parental support may allow a larger distribution from the QTP during the student's first semester without jeopardizing the dependent exemption for the parents.
Example 5: D, who is supported by her parents, starts college in September 2010 after graduating from high school in June (see Exhibit 2). D contributes $1,000 of her summer employment earnings toward spending money during the fall semester. She attends an in-state institution, so her tuition is $3,600 per semester and her room and board is $3,800 per semester. D can provide up to an additional $11,000 of support without losing her dependent classification on the parents' return ($12,000 parent support – $1,000 spending money). If she receives $11,000 from her QTP, $7,400 would cover the fall qualified expenses and the remaining $3,600 would cover spring qualified expenses.
QTP and Coverdell distributions can be timed for maximum family tax savings. Taxpayers and tax professionals need to carefully evaluate the impact of the dependency exemption on the net tax position of the family unit. In many instances, high-income taxpayers may not be realizing any tax benefit from the dependency exemption due to the phaseouts of the exemption and tax credits. When the parents are subject to AMT, they lose the benefit of the dependency exemption. Appropriate planning can improve the family's overall tax position and avoid "wasting" the dependency exemption.
Parents and tax professionals can no longer assume that a college student will remain a dependent of the parent until he or she graduates. With the variety of funding sources students use to pay for the ever-increasing cost of higher education, many are likely to provide over one-half of their support at some point during their college years. Student-provided funds include student loans when the student will be repaying the loan, income from part-time jobs, and student savings. Distributions from Sec. 529 plans and Coverdell education accounts also need to be considered as possible student-provided support contributions. Given the large dollar amounts currently invested in these plans, Treasury or Congress need to clarify the treatment of distributions as they affect the dependent support test. The implications of a student no longer qualifying as a dependent extend beyond the parents' and student's tax returns to include benefits provided through the parents' employer and federal student aid calculations. As is often the case, taxpayers and tax professionals are advised to approach the dependency issue with prudent planning.
1 Snyder, Mini-Digest of Education Statistics, 2008. NCES2009-021 (National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences 2009).
5 Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax (2009), Worksheet 3-1, Worksheet for Determining Support.
6 See McGuire, 77 T.C. 765 (1981).
7 Rev. Rul. 77-282, 1977-2 C.B. 52.
9 Abbott, 13 T.C.M. (CCH) 113 (1954).
10 Moore, 13 T.C.M. (CCH) 65 (1954).
11 Rev. Rul. 58-67, 1958-1 C.B. 62.
12 Department of Education, Student Aid on the Web, "Stafford Loans (FFELs and Direct Loans)" (June 1, 2010).
13 McCauley, 56 T.C. 48 (1971).
16 Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004, P.L. 108-311.
20 Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, P.L. 105-34, §211.
23 Joint Committee on Taxation, General Explanation of Tax Legislation Enacted in 1997 (JCS-23-97) (December 17, 1997), 27.
24 Gerzog, "College Saving Plans: Not Just for Education," 122 Tax Notes 1267 (March 9, 2009).
27 See state plan comparisons at College Savings Plan Network.
32 Form 5305-EA, Coverdell Education Savings Custodial Account.
33 Rev. Proc. 2009-50, 2009-45 I.R.B. 617.
34 For 2009, the $3,650 exemption amount began to phase out at adjusted gross income of $250,200 and reached the maximum phaseout after $372,700 for a joint return, $208,500–$331,000 for head of household, and $166,800–$289,300 for single individuals. Rev. Proc. 2008-66, 2008-45 I.R.B. 1107.
36 The tuition and fees deduction expired for tax years beginning after December 31, 2009. As of this writing, four bills were pending before Congress that would extend Sec. 222 for 2010 or make it permanent.
37 For detailed information regarding the education benefits, see Zook and Zook, "Tax Benefits for Education," 41 The Tax Adviser 464 (July 2010), and IRS Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education (2009).
Nancy Nichols is the Journal of Accounting Education Research Professor, Susan Ferguson is an instructor of accounting, and William VanDenburgh is the Robinson, Farmer, Cox Faculty Fellow Assistant Professor of Accounting at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, VA. For more information about this article, contact Prof. Nichols at nicholnb@jmu.edu.


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A chart never shows us the whole picture.
We're looking at an indexed chart. The chart doesn't show the absolute prices of TVs or childcare, but the relative price change: Childcare is up 100%, which means it's double as expensive now than it was in 1998. And the price of TVs is down almost 100%: You can now watch Game of Thrones on a device that costs half of what it cost in 1998 (or, you know, keep watching it on your super pricey Apple device). To learn more more about indexed charts and how they're calculated, head over to this Weekly Chart I published a while ago.
The chart up there can easily make us think that hospital services and college textbooks are the two US goods for which the price increased the most. But we don't know that. We only know that, of the shown goods, hospital services and textbooks are the ones with the steepest price increase. Maybe the price of all of the non-shown goods increased even more. We simply can't know just from looking at this chart.
I'll be on vacation next week, but if everything goes according to plan, you'll still get a Weekly Chart. See you then!


When structuring a sentence, active voice ("Actor does X to Object") is usually better than passive voice ("Object has X done to it by Actor") because it more directly represents the action. As a result, readers don't have to jump through as many cognitive hoops when trying to understand what's going on. . . . .
. . . recent findings from our eyetracking research emphasized the overwhelming importance of getting the first 2 words right, since that's often all users see when they scan Web pages. Given this, we have to bend the writing guidelines a bit, especially for elements that users fixate on when they scan — that is, headlines, subheads, summaries, captions, hypertext links, and bulleted lists.
Selecting the first 2 words for your page titles is probably the highest-impact ROI-boosting design decision you make in a Web project. Front-loading important keywords trumps most other design considerations.
Writing the first 2 words of summaries runs a close second. Here, too, you might want to succumb to passive voice if it lets you pull key terms into the lead.
The importance of good page titles and summaries goes far beyond traditional search engine optimization (SEO) and its narrow focus on getting a high GYM rating (that is, a high ranking on Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft search listings). Usable and scannable results in your site's own search engine greatly impacts your website's conversion rate. And search usability is key for intranet productivity.
San Francisco, CA – June 21, 2000 – MyFamily.com, Inc., the leading online family network, announced today that it has entered into an agreement to acquire RootsWeb.com, the oldest and largest free community genealogy site. RootsWeb.com, a San Francisco, California company, is among the most popular genealogy sites on the Internet. With more than 149 million page views in the month of May 2000, RootsWeb.com was second among genealogy Web sites only to Ancestry.com's over 187 million page views, according to Nielsen NetRatings combined home and work statistics. With the acquisition MyFamily.com, Inc. will add RootsWeb.com to its portfolio of Web sites, which includes MyFamily.com, FamilyHistory.com, as well as Ancestry.com, collectively recognized as the premier Internet destination for families. Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.
Following the acquisition, the RootsWeb.com site will continue to be free to all users and will maintain its own unique Web site address, www.RootsWeb.com. The acquisition by MyFamily.com, Inc. will provide the RootsWeb.com site the financial backing to expand its focus on preserving, sharing, and exchanging family history research. As part of the MyFamily.com network of sites, the RootsWeb.com site will expand with additional technology tools, increased family research content and a greater range of genealogical resources.
With genealogy as one of the most popular hobbies online, the addition of RootsWeb.com extends MyFamily.com's offerings in genealogy research and further enhances its leading position in genealogy research and family services on the Internet. This new combination creates a central destination for the genealogy community online, offering something for every family historian. This move comes at a time when a recent Pew Internet and American Life Study reported that 54 million people belong to a family in which someone used the Internet to research their family history or genealogy.


If you are in the process of launching a new website or have closed your site for a redesign, putting up a "coming soon" or "under construction" page is a great way to keep any people who visit your site informed about the work. You can inform them when the new site will be going live and you can use the page to collect emails or link out to your social media profiles so you can inform them when you launch.
A good coming soon page will be branded to match your new site, using the same colors, fonts and your logo. You can include a countdown timer to the date and time of the website launch to help build anticipation and you can include some text explaining about your company or service. The most important thing to include though is undoubtedly the email collection box, by gathering up emails of interested parties you can send out an email at launch to get al all-important boost to your new website.
This collection contains over 50 HTML Coming Soon Templates which you can download and quickly create your holding page, tweak the colors, layout and branding as you see fit so you can get on with finishing off your new website. A Static HTML page is fine, but if you prefer something more advanced, you can take a look at our collection of WordPress Coming Soon Themes also.
Coco is a beautifully designed responsive under construction coming soon templates with over 500+ HTML files and 250 design variations. This template is a great one to tell people about your upcoming project with a beautiful Coming Soon page.
This is a multi-purpose, customizable and responsive coming soon HTML 5 template that comes with a minimalistic design. The template also offers an AJAX powered working contact form that can be used for your visitors to contact you.
Try out the Spark Coming Soon template for your new project. It is a light user-friendly Coming Soon and Under Construction template based on Bootstrap with an inbuilt countdown timer.
This is yet another modern, clean and creative Coming Soon template with 12 unique variations suitable for any website/blog that is getting built or is under construction.
Lucid is a simple yet modern, minimalistic, fully responsive Coming Soon HTML template that supports multiple devices with any screen resolution. It includes tons of advanced features like a countdown timer, email notifier, different types of portfolios and services.
Driven by modern technologies like Angular JS,HTML5, CSS3, Niveau comes with a clean, minimalistic design. It is an easily customizable template that provides2 types of pages: static background and slideshow background. Fully functional with MailChimp subscription form and Ajax Contact form.
With over 35 unique Home Pages, JustWait is clean template based on BootStrap 3.3.6 Framework. It can be easily customized and contains integrated MailChimp, working contact form, Google Fonts and lot more.
Unspace is a responsive, multi purpose, easy customizable HTML5 template that come with a Clean design with unique flip effects. Unscape contains a jQuery countdown , integrated MailChimp and AJAX Subscription Form and lot more.
With 12 background designs, 2 different homepage versions, Epoch is suitable for any Corporate, Creative or business agencies. It is based on modern technologies like HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap and Uikit. The template is amazingly SEO friendly and allows YouTube Video to be used as background.
This is a well-built, fully responsive, Bootstrap 3 based template with over 1000+ fonts, 9 background styles, AJAX subscription form and many more. Wicked is an innovative theme ideal for any coming soon/constructive website.
Included in this theme are a working AJAX contact and subscription form, Google fonts, countdown timer and many more. It has 7 layout variations and 28 color schemes.With its creative particle effect and 320+ retina ready theme icons, Bruise is one of the best coming soon templates for your website /blog.
A well-documented, modern, fully responsive, cross browser compatible template suitable for any corporate, creative or business agencies. It has 6 amazing demo variants with AJAX subscription form, integrated MailChimp, custom backgrounds and many other eye catching features.
Pixos is a clean, minimal design template. It is easy to customize, has CSS3 animations with 24 background styles like Background animation, Cloud animation, Rain and Fog animation, etc. Includes AJAX email form, working contact form, well documented HTML and CSS files with many more features in their way.
Built with HMTL5 and CSS3 , Tripaco is a responsive template that comes with working contact form (AJAX based), subscription form with MailChimp integration. It includes a Full-page slider, parallax scrolling, material-design iconic fonts, 9 different pages, free support and many more.
A clean, multi-purpose template that gives your website a 2 column based vintage style. It is 100% responsive, has 2 HTML versions, Grid flexible, easy to install and customize. It, however, is not a high resolution template.
Leon is a creative, modern template based on Bootstrap 3. It comes with 4 home styles, 10 background styles-image backgrounds, 3 button styles, LightBox gallery,22 HTML template designs. It has integrated the option of MailChimp with AJAX Subscription form and working contact form.
A modern Coming soon 4 column template suitable for any business or other agencies that is under construction. It is well documented and includes 4 combined pages, navigation section page, retina ready graphics and icons, professionally crafted UI elements, contact form with HTML5 validation.
Sparkle is a simple, conceptual coming soon template with a unique design that is suited for any kinds of projects. It is fully functional with MailChimp integration, AJAX contact form, subscription form. The template offers a 2 column layout that supports high resolution.
With 20+ color variations, Countdown timers, working Ajax subscription forms, Tooman is a fully responsive modern under construction template.
Skyflex is a responsive template with a universal design, ideal for building personal or business websites. It comes with 5 different versions – image, slideshow, particle, HTML5 video background and video background. It includes a variety of JQuery plugins along with user-friendly contact forms with high resolution.
This is a clean, uniquely designed template based on Bootstrap Grid system. It is 100% responsive and is cross-browser compatible. It has 10 cool amazing demo variants with AJAX subscription form, custom backgrounds, integrated MailChimp and several other features.
Lakes is a fully responsive template made with Bootstrap 3, HTML5, CSS3 and JQuery. It includes AJAX forms with working validation, portfolio section, various effects and a collection of awesome fonts that make it suitable for any needs: creatives, agencies, corporates, etc.
Instant is an elegant, versatile coming soon template with various features like Ajax Contact/subscription form, multiple backgrounds, smooth transition effects. 1300+ font icons, etc. It includes MailChimp, GetResponse, Campaign Monitor integration and offline mode email listing feature.
A modern template suitable for any scope like corporate, intro pages, product launch promos and almost everything else. This template includes integrated MailChimp, PSD files, Ajax Subscription form, awesome font collection, custom backgrounds and much more.
A multi purpose coming soon templates with various stunning designs and over 700+ icons. It is truly responsive with features such as AJAX contact form, LightBox gallery, MailChimp Integration, portfolio galleries, 3D Parallax layouts and many others.
OceanSide is a creative, professional and responsive coming soon template that is perfectly displayed in all window sizes. This template includes 6 background styles, retina ready, CSS3 animations, jQuery countdowns, Google maps integrated with full SASS support.
Vamos is a minimal, creative template with a unique and neat design based on Bootstrap 3 and Uikit. The template is Easily customizable. Its features include 1000+ icons, Google map, MailChimp, jQuery Countdown, Cross-browser compatible, SEO-friendly, contact-form validation and much more.
Square is a modern and clean under construction template with pixel perfect layout to provide stunning looks to your website. It is a responsive and fully adaptive template with 6 ready demos, video background, Ionicons Premium Icon font, Ajax contact form, MailChimp integration, unlimited color options and much more.
This is a creative, modern and professional template with tons of amazing features like CSS3 animations, 6 style themes, additional content pages, well documented and thorough responsiveness and much more.
A fully responsive Coming Soon template based on Bootstrap 3. It provides multi-browser support, slideshow and video backgrounds, Google Web fonts, HTML5 and CSS3 animations and retina ready icons.
Halloween is a premium, stylish 404 and maintenance template with stunning animations and great features. It is easy to customize and is well documented with Font-Face integration. The template is compatible with social platforms, Bootstrap 3 and Foundation 6.
This is a multi purpose coming soon template that uses HTML5 and CSS3 technologies. Its features include- MailChimp integration, AJAX contact forms, carousel text slider, fade in CSS3 animations, responsive layout, Google fonts and more.
Wind is a responsive, multi-purpose, clean designed template suitable for business agencies, mobile application and websites. This template has 40 versions, SASS sources, CSS3 animations, working AJAX forms, SEO-friendly, cross browser compatible and such other features.
Alpina is a minimalistic and clean design template that provides 2 types of pages- Color and Black&White. This template is fully functional, providing MailChimp Subscription form and AJAX contact form, with 600+ icons and lightbox portfolio.
MN is a simple, responsive, minimal coming soon template based on Bootstrap 3. It offers a trendy 2 look with awesome animations and beautiful fonts. This theme has PHP contact and Subscribe form, portfolio features and a lot more.
Soon is a beautiful, responsive template based on Bootstrap3. This theme includes 18 homepage variations, MailChimp Integrations, various effects, zoom animations, triangle generator and also different sections like About us, Portfolio/works, Services and contact with Map.
Cohen is a premium under construction template based on bootstrap 3. It has 20 style variations, background effects, 5 content pages, 3 columns, text rotator, jQuery and CSS3 animations effects, integrated MailChimp and so on.
Hello is a modern, well-crafted, responsive template with a clean modern layout. This template is based on HTML5, CSS3 and BootStrap3. It contains dynamic PHP contact form, google fonts and a countdown timer among others.
Show is a simple, elegant, versatile template that comes with different versions and ready demo. It has many features like slideshow background, YouTube video background, AJAX form, countdown timers, MailChimp integration and many more feature.
InMotion is an animated, fully responsive coming soon template with AJAX subscription and contact form. It is based on Bootstrap 3, HTML5, CSS3 with integrated MailChimp. This theme is mobile friendly and has a unique 'pulsing' navigation.
Ragday is a simple, multi-purpose template that is compatible with all devices. Clearly documented for easy customization with integrated Google maps, integrated MailChimp, is Console error free, has Ajax subscription form and integrated YouTube video.
Aera is a responsive, bootstrap3 based, creative under construction template with AJAX subscription and contact form. It is easy to customize and is well documented.
Porky is a modern, creative, HTML5 based template that comes with 10 different background styles. This theme is driven by modern technologies like Angular JS, CSS3, Bootstrap Sass. Includes effects like Typewriter text effect and Angular JS forms. Fully functional with integrated MailChimp.
This is a custom designed, multifunctional HTML template based on Bootstrap. It uses the latest CSS3 animations. Contains retina ready, 6 demo versions, additional content pages, jQuery countdowns and extensive HTML documentation.
A minimal, HTML5/CSS3 optimized, retina ready template, Xmas is ideal for landing/coming soon pages. The template is fully responsive with high-resolution support. It is Cross-browser compatible with integrated MailChimp with various animated effects.
A modern template based on Christmas theme, suitable for promoting website before Christmas. This template contains timer with added music, 6 different versions, responsive layout, full-screen image background and many others.
Built using the latest Twitter Bootstrap3 framework, this template is easy to set-up and customize. It has 6 background styles, CSS3 animations, SASS, working contact and subscribe form, Google maps integrated, well documentation and 2 additional content pages.
Super Wood is a minimal, responsive coming soon HTML5 template based on Bootstrap 3. This easily customizable template includes unique style, 500+ Font Awesome icons, custom animations and much more!


Annual Records Management training to learn ways to reduce your risks associated with your records. This addresses cases where records have caused problems and the laws; overviews what are and are not records; provides guidance on caring for records to reduce your risk; and teaches appropriate disposition.
The Records Managment 101 Training can be found on the DOC Learning Center.


text:
Азия
  Абхазское княжество — Келеш-бей, князь (ок. 1780—1808)
  Азербайджан —
  Ардебильское ханство — Назар Али, хан (1763—1792)
  Бакинское ханство — Мирза Мухаммед II, хан (1784—1791)
  Гянджинское ханство —
 Хаджи-бек, хан (1784—1786)
 Рахим, хан (1786)
 Джавад, хан (1786—1804)
  Джавадское ханство — Тала Хасан, хан (1750—1789)
  Карабахское ханство — Ибрагим Халил, хан (1763—1806)
  Карадагское ханство —
 Неджефкули, хан (1783—1786)
 Мустафакули, хан (1763—1782, 1786—1791)
  Кубинское ханство — Фатали, хан (1758—1789)
  Нахичеванское ханство — Джафар Кули, хан (1783—1787)
  Талышское ханство —
 Сеид Джамаледдин, хан (1747—1786)
 Мир Мустафа, хан (1786—1814)
  Шекинское ханство — Мухаммед Хасан, хан (1783—1795, 1797—1805)
  Ширванское ханство —
 Агаси, хан (1763/1765—1768, 1774—1786)
 Аскер, хан (1786—1789)
 Бруней — Мухаммад Таджуддин, султан (1778—1807)
 Бутан — Друк Тенцин, друк дези (1768—1792)
 Великих Моголов империя — Шах Алам II, падишах (1760—1788, 1788—1806)
  Грузинское царство —
  Гурийское княжество — Георгий V Гуриели, князь (1756—1758, 1765—1771, 1776—1788)
  Имеретинское царство — Давид II, царь (1784—1789)
  Картли-Кахетинское царство — Ираклий II, царь (1762—1798)
  Мегрельское княжество — Кация II Дадиани, князь (1757—1788)
 Дайвьет —
 Ле Хьен-тонг, император (1740—1786)
 Ле Тьеу-тонг, император (1786—1789)
  Дербентское ханство — Фатали, хан (1765—1789)
 Дирийский эмират — Абдул-Азиз ибн Мухаммад, эмир (1765—1803)
 Дурранийская империя — Тимур-Шах Дуррани, шах (1772—1793)
 Индия —
 Аджайгарх — Гуман Сингх, раджа (1765—1792)
 Алвар — Партап Сингх, раджа (1770—1791)
 Алираджпур — Пратап Сингх I, рана (1765—1818)
 Амбер (Джайпур) — Пратап Сингх, махараджа савай (1778—1803)
 Араккаль — Биби Джунумабе II, али раджа (1777—1819)
 Аркот (Карнатака) — Мухаммад Али-хан Валладжах, наваб (1749—1795)
 Ахом — Сухитпангфаа, махараджа (1780—1795)
 Баони — Гази уд-Дин Хан Ферозе Джанг III, наваб (1784—1800)
 Бансвара —
 Притхви Сингх, раджа (1747—1786)
 Биджай Сингх, раджа (1786—1816)
 Барвани — Умед Сингх, рана (1760—1794)
 Барода — Саяджи Рао Гаеквад I, махараджа (1771—1789)
 Башахра — Угар Сингх, рана (1785—1803)
 Бенарес — Махипат Нарайян Сингх, раджа (1781—1795)
 Биджавар — Бир Сингх Део, раджа (1765—1793)
 Биканер — Гадж Сингх, махараджа (1746—1787)
 Биласпур (Калур) — Махан Чанд, раджа (1778—1824)
 Бунди — Умаид Сингх, раджа (1749—1770, 1773—1804)
 Бхавнагар — Вакхатсинхжи Акхераджи, такур сахиб (1772—1816)
 Бхаратпур — Ранджит Сингх, махараджа (1776—1805)
 Бхопал — Хайят Мохаммад Хан, наваб (1777—1807)
 Ванканер — Кесарисинхжи II Раисинхжи, махарана радж сахиб (1784—1787)
 Гархвал — Прадиумна Шах, махараджа (1785—1804)
 Гвалиор — Махаджи Шинде, махараджа (1761—1794)
 Гондал — Кумбходжи II Халоджи, тхакур сахиб (1753—1790)
 Гулер — Пракаш Сингх, раджа (1773—1790)
 Даспалла — Макунда Бханк Део Бханж, раджа (1775—1795)
 Датия — Шатружит Сингх, раджа (1762—1801)
 Девас младшее — Садашив Рао I, раджа (1774—1790)
 Девас старшее — Кришнаджи Рао I, раджа (1754—1789)
 Джаинтия —
 Биджай Нарайян, раджа (1785—1786)
 Лакшми Сингх, раджа (1786—1790)
 Джанжира — Джохар Хан, вазир (1784—1789)
 Джайсалмер — Мульраж II Сингх, махараджа (1762—1820)
 Джалавад (Дрангадхра) — Джашвантсинхжи Гайсинхжи, сахиб (1782—1801)
 Дженкантал — Дайянидхи, раджа (1785—1796)
 Джинд — Гажпат Сингх, раджа (1763—1789)
 Джхабуа — Бхим Сингх, раджа (1770—1821)
 Джунагадх — Мухаммад Хамид Ханжи I, наваб (1774—1811)
 Дхар — Ананд II Павар, рана (1782—1807)
 Дхолпур — междуцарствие (1784—1804)
 Дунгарпур — Ваири Сал, махараджа (1785—1790)
 Идар — Шив Сингх, раджа (1753—1791)
 Индаур — Ахилия Бай, махарани (1767—1795)
 Камбей — Мухаммед Кули Хан, наваб (1784—1790)
 Капуртхала — Багх Сингх, махараджа (1783—1801)
 Караули — Манак Пал, махараджа (1772—1804)
 Кач —
 Райядхан III, раджа (1778—1786, 1801—1804, 1813)
 Притхвираджи, раджа (1786—1801)
 Кишангарх — Бирад Сингх, махараджа (1781—1788)
 Кодагу (Коорг) — Додда Вира Ражендра, раджа (1780—1809)
 Колхапур — Шиваджи II, раджа (1762—1813)
 Кота — Умед Сингх I, махараджа (1771—1819)
 Кочин — Рама Варма VIII, махараджа (1775—1790)
 Куч-Бихар — Харендра Нарайян, раджа (1783—1839)
 Ладакх — Цетен Намгьял, раджа (1782—1802)
 Лунавада —
 Дюржан Сингх, рана (1782—1786)
 Джагат Сингх, рана (1786)
 Партаб Сингх, рана (1786—1818)
 Майсур — Чамараджа Водеяр IX, махараджа (1776—1796)
 Малеркотла — Атаулла Хан, наваб (1784—1809)
 Манди — Сурма Сен, раджа (1781—1788)
 Манипур — Бхагья Чандра (Чинг-Танг Кхомба), раджа (1763—1798)
 Маратхская империя — Шахуджи II, чхатрапати (император) (1777—1808)
 Марвар (Джодхпур) — Виджай Сингх, махараджа (1752—1753, 1772—1793)
 Мевар (Удайпур) — Бхим Сингх, махарана (1778—1828)
 Морви — Хамирджи Вагхджи, сахиб (1783—1790)
 Мудхол — Малоджирао III, раджа (1737—1805)
 Набха — Джашвант Сингх, махараджа (1783—1840)
 Наванагар — Джасаджи Лакхажи, джам (1767—1814)
 Нагпур — Мудходжи, регент (1772—1788)
 Нарсингхгарх — Ачал  Сингжи, раджа (1766—1795)
 Орчха — Викрамаджит Махендра, раджа (1776—1817, 1834)
 Паланпур — Шир Хан, диван (1781—1788)
 Панна — Дхокал Сингх, раджа (1785—1798)
 Патиала — Сахиб Сингх, махараджа (1781—1810)
 Порбандар — Сартанжи II Викматжи, рана (1757—1813)
 Пратабгарх — Савант Сингх, махарават (1774—1844)
 Пудуккоттай — Райя Рагхунатха Тондемен, раджа (1769—1789)
 Раджгарх — Хамир Сингх, рават (1775—1790)
 Раджпипла —
 Раисинхжи, махарана (1764—1786)
 Аджабсинхжи, махарана (1786—1803)
 Радханпур — Мухаммад Нажм ад-Дин Хан, наваб (1765—1787)
 Рампур — Файзулла Хан, наваб (1774—1794)
 Ратлам — Радам Сингх, махараджа (1773—1800)
 Рева — Ажит Сингх, раджа (1755—1809)
 Савантвади — Кхем Савант Бхонсле III, раджа (1755—1803)
 Саилана — Мокхам  Сингх, раджа (1782—1797)
 Самбалпур — Джаянта Сингх, раджа (1782—1800, 1817—1818)
 Сангли — Чинтаман Рао I, раджа (1782—1851)
 Сирмур — Джагат Пракаш, махараджа (1770—1789)
 Сирохи — Баири Сал II, раджа (1782—1808)
 Ситамау — Фатех Сингх, раджа (1752—1802)
 Сонепур — Притхви Сингх Део, раджа (1781—1841)
 Сукет — Ранжит Сен, раджа (1762—1791)
 Танджавур — Тхулджаджи, раджа (1763—1773, 1776—1787)
 Траванкор — Картхика Тхирунал Рама Варма I (Дхарма Раджа), махараджа (1758—1798)
 Трипура — Раджхар Маникья II, раджа (1785—1806)
 Фаридкот — Мохар Сингх, раджа (1782—1798)
 Хайдарабад — Асаф Джах II, низам (1762—1803)
 Хиндол —
 Рам Чандра Сингх, раджа (1781—1786)
 Кишан Чандра, раджа (1786—1829)
 Чамба — Радж Сингх, раджа (1764—1794)
 Чаркхари — Бикрамажит Сингх, раджа (1782—1829)
 Чхатарпур — Кунвар Сон Шах, раджа (1785—1816)
 Шахпура — Бхим Сингх, раджа (1774—1796)
 Индонезия —
 Аче — Алауддин Муххамад Шах, султан (1781—1795)
 Бантам — Абу аль-Мафакхир Мухаммад Алиуддин, султан (1773—1799)
 Бачан — Скандар Алам, султан (1780—1788)
 Дели — Гандар Вахид, туанку (1761—1805)
 Джокьякарта — Хаменгкубувоно I, султан (1755—1792)
 Ланфанг — Лоу Лан Пак, президент (1777—1795)
 Мангкунегаран — Мангкунегара I, султан (1757—1796)
 Понтианак — Абдуррахман Алькадри, султан (1778—1808)
 Сиак — Аль-Саид аль-Шариф Али Абдул Джалил Зияифуддин Баалави, султан (1784—1810)
 Сулу — Азим уд-Дин II, султан (1763—1764, 1778—1789)
 Суракарта — Пакубовоно III, сусухунан (1749—1788)
 Тернате — Ачрал, султан (1781—1796)
 Тидоре — Патра Алам, султан (1784—1797)
 Иран  —
 Шахрох, шахиншах (в Хорасане, номинально) (1748—1749, 1750—1796)
 Джафар, шах (1785—1789)
 Йемен —
 Акраби — Аль-Махди ибн Али аль-Акраби, шейх (1770— 1833)
 Аудхали — Джабиль ибн Салих, султан (ок. 1780 — ок. 1820)
 Вахиди — Ахмад бин Хади, султан (1771—1810)
 Верхняя Яфа — Умар I бин Салих аль-Хархара, султан (ок. 1780 — ок. 1800)
 Катири — Ахмад ибн Амр аль-Катир, султан (1760—1800)
 Лахедж — Фадл II ибн Абд аль-Карим, султан (1777—1791)
 Махра — Тавари I бин Афрар аль-Махри, султан (ок. 1780 — ок. 1800)
 Нижняя Яфа — Абд аль-Карим ибн Галиб аль-Афифи, султан (ок. 1780 — ок.1800)
 Фадли — Ахмад II бин Абдаллах I, султан (ок. 1760 — ок. 1789)
 Казахское ханство —
 Младший жуз —
 Нуралы, хан (1748—1786)
 Жармухамбет, хан (1786—1791)
 Средний жуз — Вали (Уали), хан (1781—1819)
  Казикумухское ханство — Мухаммад, хан (1743—1789)
 Камбоджа — междуцарствие (1782—1794)
 Канди — Шри Раджадхи Раджасинха, царь (1782—1798)
 Китай (Империя Цин)  — Цяньлун (Хунли), император (1735—1796)
 Лаос  —
 Вьентьян  — Нантхесан, король (1781—1795)
 Луангпхабанг  — Суриньявонг II, король (1768—1788)
 Пхуан  — Сомпху, король (1779—1803)
 Тямпасак  — Саякумане, король (1737—1791)
 Малайзия —
 Джохор — Махмуд Шах III, султан (1770—1811)
 Кедах — Абдулла Мукаррам, султан (1778—1797)
 Келантан — Лонг Юнус, раджа (1763—1795)
 Негери-Сембилан — Мелевар, ямтуан бесар (1773—1795)
 Паттани — Тенгку Ламидин, султан (1785—1791)
 Перак —
 Алааддин Мансур Искандар-шах, султан (1773—1786)
 Ахмадин-шах, султан (1786—1806)
 Селангор — Ибрагим, султан (1778—1826)
 Тренгану — Мансур Шах I, султан (1733—1793)
 Мальдивы — Хассан Нураддин I, султан (1779—1799)
 Мьянма (Бирма) —
 Йонгве — Сао Юн, саофа (1762—1815)
 Кенгтунг — Монг Хсам, саофа (1742—1787)
 Конбаун — Бодопайя, царь (1782—1819)
 Локсок (Ятсок) — Шве И, саофа (1763—1790)
 Могаун — Йо Пан Кьюнг, саофа  (1785—1796)
 Мокме — Хсаи Кхиао, саофа  (1767—ок.1800)
 Сенви — Сао Хсве Ченг, саофа (1778—1800)
 Непал — Рана Бахадур Шах, король (1777—1799)
 Оман —
 Саид ибн Ахмед, имам (1783—1786)
 Хамид ибн Саид, имам (1786—1792)
 Османская империя — Абдул-Хамид I, султан (1774—1789)
 Пакистан —
 Бахавалпур — Мухаммад Бахавал Хан II, наваб (1772—1809)
 Калат — Хусейн Насир I, хан (1749—1794)
 Лас Бела — Мир-хан I, хан (1776—1818)
 Синд (династия Талпур) — Фатех Али Хан, мир (1783—1801)
 Хаирпур — Сохраб Хан, мир (1783—1830)
 Харан — Десконегутс, мир (1759—1796)
 Хунза — Шах Кисро Хан, мир (ок. 1750—1790)
 Читрал — Шах Хайрулла, мехтар (1761—1788)
 Рюкю — Сё Боку, ван (1752—1794)
 Сиам (Раттанакосин)  — Рама I (Буддха Йодфа Чулалоке), король (1782—1809)
 Сикким — Тэнцзин Намгьял, чогьял (1780—1793)
 Тибет — Джампэл Гьяцо (Далай-лама VIII), далай-лама (1762—1804)
 Узбекистан —
 Бухарский эмират —  Шахмурад, эмир (1785—1800)
 Кокандское ханство — Нарбута, хан (1763—1798)
 Хивинское ханство (Хорезм) — Мухаммад Амин, инак (1770—1790)
 Филиппины —
 Магинданао — Кибад Сахрийал, султан (1780—1805)
 Чосон  — Чонджо, ван (1776—1800)
 Япония —
 Кокаку, император (1779—1817)
 Токугава Иэхару, сёгун (1760—1786)

Америка
 Бразилия — Луиш де Вашконеселош э Соуза, вице-король (1778—1790)
 Новая Гранада — Антонио Кабальеро и Гонгора, вице-король (1782—1788)
 Новая Испания — Бернардо де Гальвес-и-Мадрид, вице-король (1785—1786)
 Перу — Теодоро де Круа, вице-король (1784—1790)
 Рио-де-ла-Плата — Николас дель Кампо, вице-король (1784—1789)

Африка
 Аусса — Эйдахис ибн Кадхафо Махаммад, султан (1779—1801)
 Ашанти — Осей Кваме, ашантихене (1777—1803)
 Багирми — Абд ар-Рахман Гуранг, султан (1785—1806)
 Бамбара (империя Сегу) — Нголо Диарра, битон (1766—1790)
 Бамум — Мбуомбуо, мфон (султан) (1757—1814)
 Бени-Аббас — Бузид Бен эль-Хадж Мокрани, султан (1784—1800)
 Бенинское царство — Акенгбуда, оба (1750—1804)
 Борну — Али IV, маи (1747—1792)
 Буганда — Джунджу, кабака (ок. 1780 — 1797)
 Буньоро —
 Олими IV, омукама (ок.1782—1786)
 Ньямутукура Кьебамбе III, омукама (1786—1835)
 Бурунди — Мвамбутса III Сьярушамбо Бутама, мвами (король) (1767—1796)
 Бусса — Джибрим дан Йерима, киб (1766—1791)
 Ваало — Фара Пенда Тек Рел, король (1780—1795)
 Варсангали — Али, султан (1750—1789)
 Вогодого — Дулугу, нааба (1783—1802)
 Волаитта (Велайта) — Огатто, каво (1761—1800)
 Гаро (Боша) — Часо, тато (ок. 1780 — ок. 1790)
 Гвирико — Маган Вуле Уаттара, царь (1749—1809)
 Дагомея — Кпенгла, ахосу (1774—1789)
 Дамагарам — Абаза дан Танимун, султан (1782—1787)
 Дарфур — Абд аль-Рахман ибн аль-Рашид ибн Ахмад Бакр, султан (1785—1799)
 Денди — Харгани, аскья (1779—1793)
 Денкира — Амоако Атта Иадом, денкирахене (1770—1793)
 Джолоф — Мба Компас, буур-ба (1763—1800)
 Имерина — Андрианжафи, король (1770—1787)
 Кайор — Бирима Фатим-Пенда, дамель (1777—1790)
 Кано — Мухаммад аль-Вали, султан (1781—1807)
 Каффа — Шаги Шаротшо, царь (1775—1795)
 Койя — Наимбанна II, обаи (1720—1793)
 Конго — Афонсо V, маниконго (1785—1787)
 Лунда — Сикомбе Яава, муата ямво (ок. 1775 — ок. 1800)
 Мандара — Букар Д'Гжама, султан (1773—1828)
 Марокко — Мохаммед III бен Абдалла, султан (1757—1790)
 Массина — Йя Галло, ардо (1780—1801)
 Матамба и Ндонго — Франсиско II, король (1767—1810)
 Нри — Эвенетем, эзе (1724—1794)
 Руанда — Юхи IV Гахиндиро, мвами (1746—1802)
 Салум — Сандене Коду Фалл Ндао, маад (1778—1787)
 Свазиленд (Эватини) — Ндвунгунье, нгвеньяма (король) (1780—1815)
 Сеннар — Адлан II, мек (1776—1789)
 Твифо-Эман (Акваму) — Окото Паньин, аквамухене (1781—1835)
 Трарза —
 Али Кури ульд Амар, эмир (1759—1786)
 Алаит ульд Мохтар, эмир (1786—1795)
 Тунис — Хаммуда ибн Али, бей (1782—1814)
 Фута Торо — Абдул Кадер, альмаами (1776—1804)
 Харар — Абд аль-Шакур ибн Юсуф, эмир (1783—1794)
 Эфиопия — Йясу III, император (1784—1788)

Европа
 Андорра —
 Людовик XVI, король Франции, князь-соправитель (1774—1792)
 Хозеп де Больтас, епископ Урхельский, князь-соправитель (1785—1795)
 Валахия —
 Михай III Суцу, господарь (1783—1786, 1791—1793, 1801—1802)
 Николай IV Маврогени, господарь (1786—1789)
 Великобритания и Ирландия —
 Георг III, король (1760—1820)
 Уильям Питт Младший, премьер-министр (1783—1801, 1804—1806)
 Венгрия — Иосиф II, король (1780—1790)
 Дания — Кристиан VII, король (1766—1808)
  Испания — Карл III, король (1759—1788)
 Италия —
 Венецианская республика — Паоло Реньер, дож (1779—1789)
 Генуэзская республика — Джан-Карло Паллавичино, дож (1785—1787)
 Масса и Каррара — Мария Тереза, княгиня (1731—1790)
 Модена и Реджо — Эрколе III Ринальдо д'Эсте, герцог (1780—1796)
 Неаполитанское королевство — Фердинанд IV, король (1759—1799, 1799—1806, 1815—1816)
 Пармское герцогство — Фердинанд I, герцог (1765—1802)
 Пьомбино — Антонио II Бонкомпаньи-Людовизи, князь (1777—1801)
 Сардинское королевство — Виктор Амадей III, король (1773—1796)
 Сицилия — Фердинанд III, король (1759—1816)
 Тосканское герцогство — Пьетро Леопольдо I, великий герцог (1765—1790)
 Молдавское княжество —
 Александр II Маврокордат, господарь (1785—1786)
 Александр III Ипсиланти, господарь (1786—1788)
  Монако — Оноре III, князь (1733—1793)
 Нидерланды (Республика Соединённых провинций) —
 Вильгельм V Оранский, штатгальтер (1751—1795)
 Питер ван Блейсвейк, великий пенсионарий (1772—1787)
 Норвегия — Кристиан VII, король (1766—1808)
 Папская область — Пий VI, папа (1775—1799)
 Португалия — Мария I, королева (1777—1816)
 Пруссия —
 Фридрих II Великий, король, курфюрст Бранденбургский (1740—1786)
 Фридрих Вильгельм II, король, курфюрст Бранденбургский (1786—1797)
 Олесницкое княжество (герцогство Эльс) — Карл Кристиан Эрдман, князь (1744—1792)
 Речь Посполитая — Станислав Август Понятовский, король Польши и великий князь Литовский (1764—1795)
  Курляндия и Семигалия — Пётр Бирон, герцог (1769—1795)
  Российская империя — Екатерина II, императрица (1762—1796)
 Священная Римская империя — Иосиф II, император (1765—1790)
 Австрия — Иосиф II, эрцгерцог (1780—1790)
 Ангальт —
 Ангальт-Бернбург — Фридрих Альбрехт, князь (1765—1796)
 Ангальт-Бернбург-Шаумбург-Хойм — Карл Людвиг, князь (1772—1806)
 Ангальт-Дессау — Леопольд III, князь (1751—1817)
 Ангальт-Кётен — Карл Георг Лебрехт, князь (1755—1789)
 Ангальт-Цербст — Фридрих Август, князь (1747—1793)
 Ансбах — Карл Александр, маркграф (1757—1791)
 Бавария — Карл II Теодор, курфюрст (1777—1799)
 Баден — Карл Фридрих, маркграф (1771—1803)
 Байрет (Кульмбах) — Карл Александр, маркграф (1769—1791)
 Брауншвейг-Вольфенбюттель — Карл Вильгельм Фердинанд, герцог (1780—1806)
 Брауншвейг-Вольфенбюттель-Беверн — Фридрих Карл, герцог (1746—1809)
 Вальдек-Пирмонт — Фридрих Карл Август, князь (1763—1812)
 Вюртемберг — Карл Евгений, герцог (1737—1793)
 Ганноверское курфюршество (Брауншвейг-Люнебург) — Георг III, курфюрст (1760—1814)
 Гессен —
 Гессен-Гомбург — Фридрих V, ландграф (1751—1820)
 Гессен-Дармштадт — Людвиг IX, ландграф (1768—1790)
 Гессен-Кассель — Вильгельм I, ландграф (1785—1803)
 Гессен-Ротенбург — Карл Эммануэль, ландграф (1778—1812)
 Гессен-Филипсталь — Вильгельм, ландграф (1770—1806)
 Гессен-Филипсталь-Бархфельд — Адольф, ландграф (1777—1803)
 Гогенцоллерн-Гехинген — Иосиф Фридрих Вильгельм, князь (1750—1798)
 Гогенцоллерн-Зигмаринген — Антон Алоис, князь (1785—1831)
 Кёльнское курфюршество — Максимилиан Франц Австрийский, курфюрст (1784—1801)
 Лихтенштейн — Алоис I, князь (1781—1805)
 Майнцское курфюршество — Фридрих Карл Йозеф фон Эрталь, курфюрст (1774—1802)
 Мекленбург —
 Мекленбург-Стрелиц — Адольф Фридрих IV, герцог (1752—1794)
 Мекленбург-Шверин — Фридрих Франц I, герцог (1785—1815)
 Нассау —
 Нассау-Вейльбург — Карл Кристиан, князь (1753—1788)
 Нассау-Саарбрюккен — Людвиг, граф (1768—1794)
 Нассау-Узинген — Карл Вильгельм, князь (1775—1803)
 Оранж-Нассау — Вильгельм V Оранский, князь (1751—1806)
 Ольденбург — Петер Фридрих Вильгельм, герцог (1785—1823)
 Пфальц — Карл IV Теодор, курфюрст (1742—1799)
 Пфальц-Биркенфельд-Гельнхаузен — Карл Иоганн Людвиг, пфальцграф (1780—1789)
 Пфальц-Цвейбрюккен — Карл II, пфальцграф (1775—1795)
 Рейсс-Грейц — Генрих XI, князь (1778—1800)
 Саксония — Фридрих Август III, курфюрст (1763—1806)
 Саксен-Веймар — Карл Август, герцог (1758—1809)
 Саксен-Гильдбурггаузен — Фридрих, герцог (1780—1826)
 Саксен-Гота-Альтенбург — Эрнст II, герцог (1772—1804)
 Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельд — Эрнст Фридрих, герцог (1764—1800)
 Саксен-Мейнинген — Георг I, герцог (1782—1803)
 Саксен-Эйзенах — Карл Август, герцог (1758—1809)
 Трирское курфюршество — Клеменс Венцеслав Саксонский, курфюрст (1768—1803)
 Чехия — Иосиф II, король (1780—1790)
 Шаумбург-Липпе — Филипп II, граф (1777—1787)
 Шварцбург-Зондерсгаузен — Кристиан Гюнтер III, князь (1758—1794)
 Шварцбург-Рудольштадт — Людвиг Гюнтер II, князь (1767—1790)
 Франция — Людовик XVI, король (1774—1792)
 Швеция — Густав III, король (1771—1792)

Литература

1786
1786 год

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
O Rio Mussacavu é um curso de água do arquipélago de São Tomé e Príncipe, localizado no distrito de Caué, ilha de São Tomé, corre para Sul até encontrar o mar junto à Praia da Lança e frente ao ilhéu dos Cocos, depois de passar junto à localidade de Vila Verde e de Santo António de Mussacavu.

Ver também
 Geografia de São Tomé e Príncipe
 Lista de Ilhéus do Arquipélago de São Tomé e Príncipe.
 Lista de Rios do Arquipélago de São Tomé e Príncipe.

Referências
 Grande Atlas Mundial, Selecções do Reader´s Digest, 1ª Edc. setembro, 2006, Pág. 223. ISBN 972-609-471-2
 Grande Dicionário Enciclopédico Ediclube Vol. XVI, Pág. 5574 e 5575. 1996. ISBN 972-719-056-1

Ligações externas
 Mapa do Arquipélago de São Tomé e Príncipe.
 São Tomé e Príncipe.
 worldatlas São Tomé e Príncipe.
 Página do Governo da República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe.
 Convite ao Paraíso Africano - São Tomé e Príncipe.

Mussacavu


text:
Q: How to copy selected sheets from excel file to a new excel file created by program Hi everyone i have an excel file which i want to use as source for new excel files.I saw some examples that can copy all sheets,however my problem is that i want to copy only selected sheets from the source file and create new file with the selected sheets. e.g. this would be like if my main table has sheets x,y,z,c,f,g  and user selects z,f,g  i will only select these three create a new .xlsx file and put them there.Is this possible with c#? thank you in advance

A: You can copy the selected sheets for example in VBA, The below will create a new workbook with selected sheets
Sheets(Array("Sheet1", "Sheet3", "Sheet4")).Copy

In C#, you can so the same thing as
    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Excel.Application xlexcel;
        Excel.Workbook xlWorkBook;
        Excel.Sheets worksheets;

        object misValue = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;

        xlexcel = new Excel.Application();

        xlexcel.Visible = true;

        //~~> Open a File
        xlWorkBook = xlexcel.Workbooks.Open("C:\\Sample.xlsx", 0, true, 5, "", "", true,
        Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlPlatform.xlWindows, "\t", false, false, 0, true, 1, 0);

        //~~> Specify the sheets you want to copy
        String[] selectedSheets = { "a", "c", "d" };

        //~~> Set your worksheets
        worksheets = xlWorkBook.Worksheets;

        //~~>Copy it. This will create a new Excel file with selected sheets
        ((Excel.Sheets)worksheets.get_Item(selectedSheets)).Copy();

    }

Screenshot

A: yes it is possible in command prompt you can use copy command to copy the files from many excel sheets to single sheet
the command is c:/path of the file copy sourcefile destinationfile
thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Data Sources - File Size, Project Tree and Analysis
Add data to your project
Append data sources
Overwrite or replace data in your project
Remove data from your project
Mapping source variables
Supported data sources
Preparing data to use in Infotools Harmoni
To create a new projectAn Infotools Harmoni Project is a collection of data sources that can be harmonized, designed, analyzed, visualized, and shared with others. Learn more about creating a project. you will need to upload or connect to a data source.A source is a collection of data that is either in an imported file or a connected data store. Learn more about Data Sources. A project can contain multiple sources, but before you decide to incorporate an additional source, it is essential to think about how you are planning to analyze.
Add data sources into the same project if you want to analyze items from different sources in a single analysis or story view.
If data sources won't ever be in a single analysis, it is best to create different projects. You can still create a dashboard with items from different projects/sources.
Add data sources
To create a project
To include new data sources
What happens to a project after adding a source?
1. Add data sources
a. To create a Project
You will need to browse to the location of your data and add to your project. A project can contain multiple sources.
Once selected:
Sources included in your project display the icon
Sources included in your project will also display on the source diagram on the right-hand side.
Choose Upload or Connect.
browse to the location of your data.
Select the sources you wish to add to your project by clicking on each source.
When ready, click the OK button and your new project will be saved and loaded.
After completing the upload of your source data, it is only visible to you as the Project Owner until the project is published.
b. Include new data sources
As the project owner, you can add new data sources to a project.
Add new data as it is made available. For example, a tracker update where the latest period of data needs to be added and the data is in a different source file.
Add new/different data sources that you want to include in the same analysis.
When adding sources, it is very important for the original data source to be included.
Click on view/add sources.
Click on Add/Remove.
This will open the sources browse area and display a list of the data sources included in your project.
Make sure that all sources you wish to include in your project are selected by clicking on each source. It is critical to include the original sources files.
When ready, click the OK button and your project will load with the new data included.
2. What happens after adding the new source
Automation takes place with the addition of a source. Learn more about automation.
Infotools Harmoni:
Will automatically use the dictionary mappings applied to the previous source and apply to the new one. Any data design steps previously applied in your project will be applied to your new data source.
Will automatically identify what's new. In the project treeThe dictionary for the loaded project. Learn more.:
New items will display in bold.
The order of items will reflect the order from the first data source. Items that don't already exist in the project are added to the end.
Allows you to quickly identify the data source(s) that are currently part of your project. The source identification axis is automatically displayed at the end of the project tree and can be used to filter results to just one of the available data sources that you may be using. The source identification axis can also be used to when creating your own customized constructions.
Changes in your data?
Learn more about replacing data.
Add new variables to existing respondents.
Learn more about how to append data.
Analysis - Table options

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
First snow of the season falls in Stockholm
Foreign Affairs Ministry requests Sweden to continue demining aid
Sweden King, Queen Undertake State Visit to India
Swedish town gets only three hours of sunshine in November
Sweden Charges EU Parliament Member With Sexual Molestation
HSB to build Sweden's largest solar park
Sweden calls for lifting of restrictions in Kashmir, nudges India for talks with Pakistan
Zlatan Ibrahimovic statue, property vandalized by unhappy fans
Sweden should avoid trading human rights for arms deal in India
Sweden calls for lifting of restrictions in Kashmir
Bloodshed in Baghdad as Sweden investigates Iraq minister for 'crimes against humanity'
'Shoot aggressive elks tormenting town residents,' Swedish police order
Sweden News
Home Category Law
The Royal Couple of Sweden, Their Majesties King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden, will pay a State Visit to India between 2nd Decemeber 2019 to...
Prosecutors on Friday charged a Swedish member of the European Parliament with sexual molestation, a move challenged by the politician, Peter Lundgren of the anti-immigrant nationalist party the...
Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia will be on a 5-day state visit to India on 2-5 December 2019 after a gap of 26 years. In this...
Nine people were killed and dozens wounded in violent clashes between protesters and security forces in Iraq on Monday as prosecutors in Sweden said they were investigating an...
Police officer stabbed during raid in central Sweden
A man is suspected of attempted murder after stabbing a police officer in an apartment in central Sweden. Police entered the property in Älvdalen, Dalarna after a report...
Swedish authorities respond to A$AP Rocky saying he 'would love to' perform in Sweden jail
Swedish authorities are open to A$AP Rocky returning for a jailhouse performance following his controversial arrest in July. According to TMZ, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service noted that Rocky has not filed a formal...
No-Go Areas Hire Security Guards to Make up for Lack of Police
Due to a lack of police officers, several no-go "vulnerable areas" in Sweden have been forced to hire security guards in an effort to combat crime and violence....
Bombs, shootings are a part of life in Swedish city Malmo
At times it seems like Malmo has more in common with Baghdad than with other European cities. This year 29 bomb explosions rattled the city of 317,000 as...
Iraq's defence minister reported for benefits fraud in Sweden: reports
Iraq's defence minister, Najah al-Shammari, has been reported for benefits fraud in Sweden after claiming child and housing support for years, despite living in Baghdad. Al-Shammari, who is...
Calls to shut Swedish school where 'ISIS teachers' taught in classrooms
Calls are mounting for the closure of a leading state-funded Islamic school in Sweden that was accused of hiring ISIS fighters as teachers after their return from Syria....
Five or even ten centimetres of snow is expected to fall in some parts of the Stockholm region before noon....
Sweden's better way of electing its PM
Dundee Utd striker held over 'money laundering' in Sweden
What it's like to go to Sweden's only Jewish overnight summer camp
Sweden stocks lower at close of trade; OMX Stockholm 30 down 0.09%
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Sundsvallidag.com is part of Sundsvallidag Media Group LLC, which delivers daily news around the globe.
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We enjoyed talking to Tamara so much we decided to revisit our chat from last year! Please take a read below and be sure to follow her!
Joining us from what I have to imagine is rather brisk Minnesota is Tamara Waterston. Tamara maintains the amazing blog Champagne + Macaroons. Her site displays some of her amazing styles, travels and many other things! Between her site and Instagram you'll find she's a must visit! Read below to find hear her talk about her fashion icons, her favorite trends and what she missed about Texas (other than the warmth!).
Yes. I honestly always have been a fan of great style. Growing up in the south women take a lot of time and attention to their beauty and clothing choices, I think that has always affected the way I view my own personal fashion. I studied fashion merchandising and business in college. Loved every minute of it.
In a perfect world, I would really love to be living on some tropical island 24/7. I live for a good swimsuit and tropical clothing always makes me happy. A breezy and airy style is something I love, and I wear a lot of neutrals. I have a touch of a boho vibe but not overly done, I think that word is majorly overused and I am a working professional so the whole hippy look doesn't really work all the time. I like a great jumpsuit and a really good heel always seems to do the trick in polishing off any outfit.
Sara Jessica Parker, Sienna Miller and I also love Bridget Bardot – what a classic.
I love the sneaker trend that is happening. Pairing a casual shoe with a dress or fancy skirt is appealing to me. Also statement sleeves, off the shoulder tops, bombers and metallics are a win!
I am over the choker trend….
I find a lot of inspiration from other bloggers and I read a lot of fashion magazines, I am a big fan of Who What Wear. I also follow a lot of New York Fashion week, and of course Women's Wear Daily is also another great inspirational resource.
I like what I wear to be repeatable and relate-able. I find it frustrating when bloggers are wearing all Givenchy or a brand that is lovely but really only caters to a very small percentage. I think throwing on a HM dress with a Christian Louboutin heel is what fashion is all about. I try not to focus on brands or on price and really just love putting together a good outfit. I rarely wear an entire ootd from just one brand because how boring would that be?
Now that you are living in Minneapolis, what do you miss most about Texas?
Ha – easy, Mexican food. There are a lot of things I miss like being close to my family, being able to wear a swimsuit year round, country music, big hair, over the top parties. Texas does everything bigger. But, I would miss Minneapolis if I ever left. Something about this city with the four seasons that is absolutely magical.
I wanted to work with Whales. That is not a joke. I also used to say I wanted to be Oprah.
I want to take more time to focus on building my brand. I launched ChampagneMacaroons.com Feb of 2015 and I have learned so much in that short time. I am so excited to see what is coming in 2017 and I have quite a few goals that I am determined to make happen and waiting for them to materialize has been the hardest part but I know in time everything will happen.


text:
don't troll the pope family gay rights iwan Kim Davis liberty council papal audience pope in USA private meeting pt We Are Family teh ghey vatican embassy whiplash yayo grassi
Pope Francis Barely Noticed Kim Davis On Way To Brunch With His Gays
OK, we like Francis Again
New Pope, he sometimes makes our head spin way more than Donald Trump ever could. He says the Church shouldn't freak out about gays and 'bortion, and then backtracks, and even turns around and hosts an anti-gay conference at the Vatican. And this week, it's time for more whiplash, with the news that the Pope met with Kim Davis, and then the clarification that he merely shook her hand and said "'at's nice, who are you?" at a reception, and finally today's CNN story that Francis only had a private audience with one party at the Vatican Embassy in Washington -- and that was with a gay couple. So we guess we like him again! Never mind the Liberty Counsel's little stunt; this is Francis The Untrollable.
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So, what's this about a private meeting with The Gays? Let us clarify: It was not all of them. But when the Vatican clarified Friday that "The only real audience granted by the Pope at the Nunciature was with one of his former students and his family," they were talking about Yayo Grassi, who has known Francis since Grassi was a student in literature and psychology classes taught by Francis at a high school in Flores, Argentina from 1964 to 1965. And also Grassi's partner, Iwan, as well as some other friends. Yes, that's the "former student and his family," which we'd like to think is a not-so-subtle way of telling American "pro family" groups that their definition of "family" is a tad narrow.
Grassi said the Pope has long known that he is gay, but has never condemned his sexuality or his same-sex relationship. Grassi said he and Iwan (he declined to disclose his last name due to privacy concerns) also met Francis last year in Rome.
"He has never been judgmental," Grassi said. "He has never said anything negative."
"Obviously he is the pastor of the church and he has to follow the church's teachings," Grassi added. "But as a human being he understands all kinds of situations, and he is open to all kinds of people, including those with different sexual characteristics."
Grassi also said that he believed that Francis was "misled" into the brief meeting with Davis, although it's unclear whether he had any direct knowledge of how that meeting came about.
Sources close to the Vatican have disclosed to Yr Wonkette that Francis privately told Yayo Grassi and Iwan that they had far better fashion sense than Kim Davis. Our sources also indicate that in addition to meeting his old friend and his partner, the Pontiff also held private audiences with Miley Cyrus, the surviving members of the '69 New York Mets, and filmmaker Joss Whedon, who he urged to bring back Firefly, saying that Fox "really screwed the pooch" when it cancelled the cult favorite. "You could get it on Netflix if nothing else," the pope reportedly told the director. "I know people who can make this happen."
[CNN]
Doktor Zoom's real name is Marty Kelley, and he lives in the wilds of Boise, Idaho. He is not a medical doctor, but does have a real PhD in Rhetoric. You should definitely donate some money to this little mommyblog where he has finally found acceptance and cat pictures. He is on maternity leave until 2033. Here is his Twitter, also. His quest to avoid prolixity is not going so great.


The Volvo XC40 and the AEZ Raise.
With 4.43 metres, this isn't the biggest SUV, but it makes up for it with a striking look. The high grille and the protruding bumper make for a great appearance of the XC40, with the rear oozing dominance as well.
The interior space is typically Scandinavian: It's no-frills and yet offers all you need, such as the traditional vertical infotainment touch screen in the centre console. For the extra oomph you can stir up the interior with a touch of colour. As an alternative to the standard equipment "Kinetic" you can choose between "Momentum", which comes up with leather seats and infotainment system "Sensus", and the "R-Design", which further offers chrome elements and sporty accents.
Be it "Comfort", "Eco", "Dynamic", or "Offroad", the steering adjusts to the driver's requirements, and despite the weight of nearly two tons manages to remain sporty thanks to a tightly adjusted chassis. The mass can be felt only when accelerating, which is neglectable in everyday city traffic, and the "little one" has been designed as a city SUV after all.
Traffic sign recognition indicating speed limits in addition to a parking aid, a blind spot monitor, and a collision warning system including an emergency brake function allow for easier manoeuvring in rush-hour traffic. The automatic stop-start system assists you in navigating stop-and-go traffic and helps lower consumption.
The Volvo XC40 is available in three petrol-driven models, one of which is a three-cylinder engine, and in three diesel versions, all of which are four-cylinder engines, with the diesel versions being the more economic ones at a maximum of 5.5 l per 100 km.
The fastest one is the XC40 T5 AWD with 24 hp, accelerating from 0 to 100 in 6.5 seconds. The future of the XC40 promises innovation since a fully electric model is to be launched.
The AEZ Raise 245/45 R20 helps provide even more height to the Volvo XC40. The Y-shaped spokes design and the polished front are instant eye-catchers. With the AEZ Raise, there is nothing in the way of Volvo XC40's advancement to a new league of city SUVs.