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You are invited to REEF Fest. Come celebrate the impact and success of marine conservation and education initiatives in the Florida Keys. Events include educational seminars, social gatherings, diving and eco-adventures alongside some of the most prestigious names in diving and marine conservation. All REEF Fest events are open to the public.
All REEF Fest events are open to the public, but pre-registration is requested.
Questions? Please call us at (305) 852-0030 or email at events@REEF.org.


text:
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    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="individual.leobert.uilib.TestListActivity">

    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <LinearLayout
            android:id="@+id/test_ll"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical">
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_numbadge"
                android:text="test numbadge"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_photoview"
                android:text="test photoview"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_banner"
                android:text="test banner"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_vlayout"
                android:text="test vlayout"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_video1"
                android:text="test video1"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_video2"
                android:text="test video2"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_nine_img"
                android:text="test nine img"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
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            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_guide"
                android:text="test guide"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
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            <Button
                android:id="@+id/test_arc"
                android:text="test arc menu"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
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            <Button
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                android:text="LRecyclerView Samples"
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 games comes with using the Fox Engine. you are already playing a soccer game has a variety of opinions on the game made by Konami and the other portion positf with negative votes. This is quite reasonable because the engine is used so bring changes to the game PES 2014.
The presence of the Fox Engine make an impact on the quality of the visual appearance of graphics as a better player than the previous version. But unfortunate for the detail of the face of Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 players in the game only includes some well-known players are similar to the original. But according to Konami, they will always update and improve the player's face.
Searching for PES 2014 CD Key Generator v2.2 Online?
For gameplay, Fox Engine also brings a change in the quality of the animation movement. Where you will find more real motion animation than the previous versei. And in general motion animation of the players do not impact on the gameplay of PES 2014.


We Strongly Discourage Drinking Of Liquor In Any Form.
and one of them is that he has taken to drink.
ye kya daur hai saaqi, yeh kya taqseem hai saaqi..
daaru ki dukaan aa gayi hai..
How to Control Alcohol drinking habit?
After Marriage - Drink whenever you are Happy .
and the whiskey itself is innocent.
created due to lack of alcohol.
will live to die some other way.
jab tak samne wale 3 ped (Tree) 6 nahi dikh jate.
Bar manager: Bas karo kamino wahan koi ped nahi hai.
झूठ वाले कहीं से कहीं बढ़ गये और मैं था कि ..
Hi Jaane Anjaane Mein Agar Maine Aapka Dil Dukhaaya Ho Ya Kabhi Tang ..
दोस्त ज़िन्दगी में नहीं मिला करते ज़िन्दगी दोस्तों में मिला ..
Be Grateful That You Don T Have Everything You Want So That ..
Smile To Old Means Respect Smile To Child Means Innocense Smile To ..
आतंक के ठेकेदारों का हमें अंत चाहिए रहे चमन में ..
Hasti Ko Mohabbat Main Fanha Kaun Karega Yeh Faraz Zamaane Main ..
All Language Is Not In Books Nor All Thoughts In Language ..


Sparkling white teeth is the secret of a confident and beautiful smile. Diet habits, overconsumption of coffee and tea and others, cause many to lose the natural white color of their teeth. People whose teeth has turned yellow feel so much embarrassment in smiling especially in public. The cosmetic industry, whitening the teeth means undergoing bleaching strips, bleaching pen, and laser bleaching. This earns the industry millions of dollars. For those who do not have sufficient funds can try the all-natural remedy known as activated charcoal for teeth whitening.
Activated charcoal for teeth is considered to be the simplest yet the best natural way of whitening the teeth. It is effective and safe and the best alternative to tooth whitening strips, gels, and trays, which are actually toxic in nature. Regularly using activated charcoal for teeth will not damage the enamel and will not delicate the tissues in the gums.
Many are aware that charcoal is effective when it comes to removing water impurities. And not many knows that activated charcoal for teeth is very effective when it comes to removing yellow stains on teeth surface. The charcoal has natural adhesive qualities which readily and effectively absorb tannins or staining culprits and plaque. All these things will be cleared out when you spit out the charcoal. Charcoal is also naturally antifungal and anti-bacterial. It has the capability of absorbing toxins and bacteria and the heavy metal in the mouth, giving you fresh breath, healthier and brighter smile.
Activated charcoal for teeth can be used along with your regular toothpaste. You can mix ¼ teaspoon of the charcoal powder with 1 teaspoon of your toothpaste and use it as you do your regular brushing. Always rinse it properly and the process can be done regularly.
You can also use the activated charcoal for teeth whitening along with salt. Just mix ¼ teaspoon of charcoal and ¼ teaspoon of sea salt and use it as the mixture for your brushing. You may also opt to do a charcoal mouthwash by mixing the charcoal powder with a ½ teaspoon of water. The mixture can be swish in the mouth for a couple of minutes, spit and rinse. This can be done at least once in a day after brushing the teeth.
In making activated charcoal, manufacturer heats it with the use of a special gas that makes it very porous. These pores are the one responsible for binding and flushing impurities and stains in the teeth. It does not absorb or trap the calcium salt which can be found on the enamel of the tooth. Thus, it will not cause sensitivity or damage. it can be a little abrasive, so users are advised not to put so much force or too much pressure while brushing the teeth. You can easily find activated charcoal for teeth whitening on numerous online stores. Those made from coconut shell are highly preferred. The powder form also receives good reviews as it can last longer and is of greater value.


Apartment interiors of young couples in the old collective area of Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi surprised the transition from backward status, seriously degraded to modern, elegant after renovation.
The interior of the apartment is in a minimalist Nordic style but still extremely romantic thanks to the pastel blue color that appears quite dense in every corner of the apartment. Young couple was very satisfied with the results of interior renovation of this apartment.
Apartment furniture is too old, so the renovation is necessary.
The owner of this 80 m2 apartment is a romantic young couple who want to renovate the interior of the apartment in a Nordic style with a soft blue pastel tint for a few indoors.
Last but not least, young couples often invite friends to play so they need more space. Because of that, the architects of D + Studio have decided to choose only loose furniture, easy to lay down to put in the living room space to save space for this area.
The common space of the apartment is arranged by the architects is a multi-functional area from the dining room to the reception, reading, sightseeing, and also have cabinets. All gadgets are in the same space as the couple's desire.
It is possible to see how young couples are characterized by the selection of furniture for common living space. Not necessarily the living room must have a sofa to call the living room. Here, just a romantic chair with a low tea table for guests to gather together is warm enough.
Wall mounted TVs are the solution to these modest housing areas.
The pastel blue color of the young couple is touched throughout the apartment from the living room into the kitchen for the romantic space, soothe the spirit of homeowners desire.
The bedroom is only 24 square meters but includes a place for rest, dressing area, dressing table and WC. Bathroom area is glass instead of concrete wall before.
Storage shelves for bathroom essentials are dotted with eye-catching brick wall tiles.


text:
Coaches Say Valor Christian High School Questioned Their Sexual Orientation, Forcing Them Out. The Community Is Rallying Around Them
· Aug. 29, 2021, 4:00 am
Claire Cleveland/CPR News
Taylor Ferguson and Lacey McQuinn hold hands at a protest outside of Valor Christian High School in Highlands Ranch on Fri. August, 27, 2021. They attended the protest to show solidarity with LGBTQ+ students and two coaches at the school who claim they were told they couldn't be gay and work at the high school.
"Five, six, seven, eight, Valor is no place for hate," chanted a crowd of people outside of Valor Christian High School south of Denver.
Students, parents and extracurricular activity coordinators from Valor gathered outside the school's academic building on Friday to protest the school officials after they allegedly told two coaches they couldn't be gay and work at the school.
Inoke Tonga was the school's volleyball coach for both the boys and girls teams up until last week when he says he was asked to "denounce being gay" or leave his coaching position. On Friday, he showed up to the protest and was overwhelmed with gratitude.
"My cup is filled, to say the least," he said. As he walked through the crowd, he got hugs and was stopped by students who told him how much they admire him for sharing his story of being questioned by school leaders about his sexual orientation.
On August 21, Tonga detailed his experience in a Facebook post. He said he was called into a meeting with the athletic director and the school pastor who questioned Tonga about his social media presence and sexual orientation.
"I sat in the room being grilled about how being Gay is a 'danger' to the school and to the kids. That with me 'identifying as a gay man, they can't put the kids at risk by having me in front of them,'" Tonga wrote in the post.
"With my head held high, and with tears ready to be shed for hours, even days, I walked away knowing that my journey as a coach at Valor Christian had come to an end – I was not going to denounce identifying as a gay man," Tonga's post continued.
Lauren Benner, a former girls lacrosse coach, shared details on Instagram of a similar account of being pulled into a meeting without warning and being asked if she was in a relationship with a woman in December 2019. Benner writes on the Aug. 23 social media post that she denied the claim then, but decided to come out to school officials months later.
Benner left the school on her own in 2020. The year prior, Benner was awarded Colorado High School Activities Association coach of the year in 2019.
"I was still on a journey of self-discovery and so for someone, an employer nonetheless, to spontaneously ask me about my sexuality and dating life felt beyond violating," she said in the post. CPR News has reached out to Benner for comment but has not heard back.
School standing firm on views of homosexuality, claims coaches were dishonest
Valor Christian High School officials did not respond to requests for comment made by CPR News on Friday morning. But in an email statement sent to parents that day, Valor said it supports those who have spoken out about their experiences and aims to "find ways to love and serve our community," but made clear the school's stance on gay relationships.
The statement reads that "... each employee affirms their understanding of, commitment to, and alignment with our beliefs, values and standards.
"We recognize and appreciate that many people hold beliefs directly contrary to ours, including our belief that God has created sexual intimacy specifically to be expressed within the marriage of a man and a woman," the letter continues.
The school also claimed the coaches, although they are not mentioned by name, were dishonest in their portrayals of the meetings with administrators.
"Contrary to what has been shared publicly by two former employees, the spirit and intent of their meetings were to seek understanding and clarity regarding the representations they made to us," the statement said.
Protesters gathered outside Valor Christian High School in Highlands Ranch on Friday, Aug. 27, 2021. They protested the school alleged treatment of two gay coaches.
At the protest, Benner's girlfriend, Lindsay Martin, said Benner has been processing her experience ever since it happened.
"They instill a lot of fear in people of coming out and actually sharing that truth," Martin said.
She said Benner felt encouraged to speak out after Tonga did.
"I am so proud that she spoke out. It's her story to tell. In some ways it's kind of freeing for me as well," Martin said. "There's been a lot of tears shed and also just like a lot of warmth just seeing all of these students and alumni speaking out and organizing and everything."
Current, former students say school isn't a safe place for LGBTQ+ people
Lucy Sarkissian, a Valor junior, led the protest with a bullhorn and did a lot of the legwork to organize students to protest the school's actions. She says Valor isn't a safe place for LGBTQ+ people.
"I've seen massive amounts of discrimination occur against fellow LGBTQ+ students," Sarkissian said. "I think that in this moment with coach Inoke's and coach Benner's stories being shared, we had a rare opportunity that had to be seized to have a discussion about Valor's treatment of not just their faculty and coaches, but of their students and their culture as a whole."
Tonga and Benner's stories garnered local and national attention, prompting people from other schools and the nearby communities to show up and voice their support.
"I was born in Colorado. I'm gay, I'm a Christian, and I think growing up with the religious side, it made it difficult being gay," said Lacey McQuinn of Denver. "I'm just here to support the kids that go here, but I'm also here supporting Lauren."
Some other faculty members have resigned because of the incidents, like Andrew Wixson, a 2013 Valor graduate and former debate coach.
"I think that it's really easy when something like this happens to just say like, 'Oh, Valor shouldn't exist anymore,'" he said. "My mind is more, I want to give Valor every opportunity to reform from within. People are still going to continue to send their kids here, so they have a pretty heavy burden that way to actually create a loving, inclusive environment."
Former students are sharing their stories of Valor online. Alumnus Cole Watson started a public Google Document for people to post their stories.
"During my time at Valor, I was regularly demeaned and attacked by certain faculty members. I had a teacher lead a class discussion on what part of hell I would end up in," Watson said in the document. "A staff member told my best friend to stop speaking to me if she cared about her soul."
Editor's note: CPR News has not independently verified the stories shared in the public Google document.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Land of unique culture and rich heritage, Karnataka observes many festivals throughout the year. Some of these festivals have their roots in religious devotion and others emerge from cultural legacy. Ganesha Chaturthi is observed widely in this state for ten days and Dussehra is grandly celebrated in Mysore.
Different parts of Karnataka have its own special festival such as the very popular Hampi Festival is a celebration of the birthday of famous poet Purandaradasa. Dance, music, puppet show and fireworks are parts of this festival. The special attraction of Karnataka's Kambala festival is buffalo racing.
Another culturally influenced festival is the Pattadakal Dance Festival that takes place in January every year. Ugadi festival ushers in the New Year of Kannadigas when people wear new clothes. Pongal is also an important festival that celebrates good harvest. Karaga, a folk dance festival, is celebrated in Bangalore to pay tribute to Draupadi. Read more about Festivals of Karnataka.
Ayudha Puja falls on the ninth day of Dasara or Navarathri. Know more about Ayudha Puja, its significance, and celebrations.
Naga Panchami is the festival devoted to the Serpent Gods. This is the South Indian version of the popular Raakhi festivals.
Krishna Janmashtami is the celebration of the birth of Lord Krishna. Know about the legends and special pujas conducted on Krishna Janmashtami in Karnataka.


Sharp Innovations Blog | Page 6 of 10 | Web Design, Development, and Internet Marketing Blog | Sharp Innovations, Inc.
With more and more website visits coming from mobile devices, speed becomes a vital piece of your website's efficiency, even more so than with a desktop computer. Google has recognized this need for speed as mobile searches have surpassed desktop searches, and mobile usage continues to grow at a rapid rate.
That's why popularity is building for a new web technology known as Accelerated Mobile Pages or AMP HTML. Google announced the new initiative back in early October and has championed it heavily as we close out 2015 and head into 2016.
Google has recognized this fact as mobile searches surpassed desktop searches, and mobile usage continues to grow at a rapid rate. With more and more visits coming from mobile devices, speed becomes a vital piece of your website even more so than with a desktop computer.
Posted in Internet Marketing, Mobile Web Design and tagged Accelerated Mobile Pages, AMP HTML, Google AMP, Mobile Web Design, pagesppeed on December 11, 2015 by Rodney Hoover .
Christmas is coming, and Christmas means gifts. People will be giving, and people will be receiving. Recently, I was discussing gift-giving etiquette with some business colleagues, and it turned out to be an interesting exchange, particularly when the conversation turned to the proper etiquette of receiving a gift.
Posted in Branding, Websites and tagged making your website usable, user experience, website presentation on December 1, 2015 by Bill Simpson.
When transferring a website from one host to another or putting a brand new website live, there's one step that tends to confuse people. It's called DNS which stands for Domain Name System. Explaining how DNS works can be a little complicated, but the concept by itself is fairly easy to understand.
For a website to be accessible on the internet a few things need to happen. The website files need to be hosted on a file server somewhere, usually accessed via FTP. The files then need to be accessed by means of a Domain Name which is the URL or address you type into your browser to get to that website. Google.com is a domain name, for example, as is sharpinnovations.com. But how exactly are these domain names linked to the servers that are hosting the website files? That's where DNS comes in.
Posted in Websites and tagged changing dns, dns, domain name system on November 20, 2015 by Greg Lauver .
A request for a quick project turnaround is not unusual for clients who are in the process of building a new website. The excitement and anticipation of a website that is more user-friendly, aesthetically appealing, and new can create a desire to push the web design process along at a record pace.
Posted in Website Design and tagged Building a new website, website design, website redesign on October 21, 2015 by Charity Fox.
If you are actively involved in your website's marketing, you likely understand that there is no one method that will cover everything. In order to successfully market your website or brand you need a mix of services that might include search engine optimization (SEO), social media and blog management, paid advertisements, and email marketing. Just like your offline advertising, certain online advertising methods work best depending on your target audience and their preferences or needs.
Posted in Branding, Internet Marketing and tagged a/b testing, enhance online marketing, internet marketing, local business listings, online business reviews on September 30, 2015 by Rodney Hoover .
When did you last update your blog? If your answer is along the lines of, "I think it was 2013, but it may have been 2012," then it's time for you to do something about your blog, and we'll give you two good choices of what that something should be.
Posted in Branding, Internet Marketing, SEO and tagged blogging, Online branding, Reasons to blog, Updating a blog on August 4, 2015 by Bill Simpson.
Posted in Internet Marketing, News, SEO and tagged e-commerce, SEM, SEO, SEO audit, SEO ROI on June 24, 2015 by sharpblog.
In the world of search engine optimization (SEO), things change quickly. What was helpful to improving site rankings just a few years ago—or even a few months ago—may not only be irrelevant today, they may actually be doing more harm than good. With Google reporting nearly 900 algorithm changes in just a single year (more than 2 per day), staying on top of these changes can become a time and resource-intensive ch allenge.
Fortunately, only a handful of these hundreds of updates are major algorithmic changes that cause large fluctuations in the rankings and organic traffic. Some of the more well-known examplesof these large-scale changes include last month's "Mobilegeddon," or the much talked about "Penguin" and "Panda" updates that have continued to evolve and see frequent updates.
Posted in Internet Marketing, SEO and tagged internet marketing, search marketing, SEO, SEO rankings websites, user experience on April 28, 2015 by Rodney Hoover .
Having just completed updating our company's AdWords certification last week by taking the "Search Advertising" exam, we expected to be Google AdWords certified through March 7, 2016. We were surprised to learn when we logged in this morning that we were no longer certified. We had received no notice of this certification suspension, and a brief search on the matter yielded no returns. Even the AdWords blog page and New AdWords features page were lacking information regarding what had happened.
Posted in Internet Marketing, News, PPC and tagged Advertising Fundamentals, AdWords certification requirements, AdWords Exam Validity period, Google AdWords on March 26, 2015 by Rodney Hoover .


text:
Harrisburg – miasto w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w stanie Karolina Północna, w hrabstwie Cabarrus.

Przypisy

Miasta w stanie Karolina Północna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Финска је учествоваla на 4. Европском првенству у атлетици у дворани 1973. одржаном у Ротердаму, Холандија, 10. и 11. марта.  Репрезентацију Финске у њеном у њеном четвртом учешћу на европским првенствима у дворани представљало је десет спортиста (8 мушкараца и 2 жена) који су се такмичио у 7 дисциплина (6 мушких и 1 женска).

Најуспешнији тачмичар био је освајачи бронзане медаље. на Трка на 3.000 метара Пека Пејверинта, који је 2 пута (квалификације и финале)оборио и национални рекорд у тој дисциплини.

Са две бронзане медаљље Финска је у укупном пласману делила 14. место са Совјетским од 16 земаља које су на овом првенству освојиле медаље, односно 24 земље учеснице.

У табели успешности (према броју и пласману такмичара који су учествовали у финалним такмичењима (првих 8 такмичара) Финска је са три учесника у финалу делила са Југославијом 13 место са 13 бодова  од 22 земље које су имале представнике у финалу, односно 24 жемље учеснице. Једино Данска и Исланд нису имали ниједног финалисту.

Учесници

Освајачи медаља
  Бронза
1. Раимо Вилен — 60 м
2. Пека Пејверинта — Трка на 3.000 метара|3.000 м

Мушкарци

Жене

Биланс медаља Финске после 4. Европског првенства у дворани 1970—1973.

Биланс медаља екипно

Биланс медаља, појединачно
У овој табели су они који су освојили најмање 2 медаље.

Фински освајачи медаља после 4. Европског првенства 1970—1973.

Референце

Спољашње везе
 Комплетни резултати Европског првенства у дворани 1973.
 Комплетни резултати ЕПд 1973. на сајту ЕАА

Земље учеснице на Европском првенству у атлетици у дворани 1973.
Финска на Европском првенству у атлетици у дворани


text:
The Dallas Stars Social Network: Finding Ways To Connect With The Fans
By Art Middleton@GameTimeArt Mar 14, 2011, 2:11pm CDT
Share All sharing options for: The Dallas Stars Social Network: Finding Ways To Connect With The Fans
The Dallas / Fort Worth area is home to not just the sports teams from the four major sports but the area in and around is also home to a professional soccer club, four division 1 college programs, a few minor league teams in both baseball and hockey as well as a handful of semi-pro clubs covering various sports.
While the Dallas metro area is home to over six million people, the competition to gain the attention of local sports fans and have those fans in turn spend money on game tickets and merchandise is still quite fierce and even more of a challenge in a market where football and to some degree baseball take up the majority of attention.
With that in mind, the Dallas Stars and their communications department have turned to social media sites as well as their own web site and even simple e-mail lists to help generate as much buzz about the team as possible.
"It used to be the experience in the arena and the experience on TV as the two primary ways to see our product and kinda be around everything that is Dallas Stars related," says Joe Calvillo who is the Stars communications coordinator and whom Defending Big D recently had a chance to talk with concerning the Stars work in social media.
For the Stars, the growth of these websites has resulted in the club over the past year fully embracing the internet as a key marketing tool. "There is so much content on the web and so many people using social media and using avenues like Twitter," said Calvillo "that we had to adjust and we had to keep up with that knowing the position we're in as a team in a non-traditional hockey market."
On top of bring attention to their Twitter and Facebook profiles, the Stars and their team have made sure that the content they produce makes sure that fans - both of the die hard and casual nature - not only check in just once, but then keep checking in repeated for new updates
"It's about what can we offer our fans so they go back to our Facebook page and to our own web page." says Joe in explaining one of the main reasons behind the expanded effort that they ultimately see as a compliment to coverage provided by the likes of the Dallas Morning News, ESPN and even this blog. "It's nice we can offer more behind the scenes, more players on Twitter and make sure that people are constantly seeing Stars, Stars Stars."
Stars PR: What Is Going On With The Team At All Times
A little over a month ago, the Stars launched Dallas Stars Media Central which is a one-stop site for not just media coverage about the team, but also is host to pre and post game notes, audio from players at practice and as the season winds down a playoff 'grid' that features the teams in the western conference playoff race and a detailed look at their upcoming schedules.
While the idea of a centralized hub is nothing new for a professional sports team, the idea of leaving it open for anyone from media personnel to casual hockey fans without any kind of password encryption is somewhat of a rarity.
"We debated and are aware some other teams around the league have their sites password protected, but we thought in a sense of the more information that's out there to more people doesn't hurt" explained Calvillo. "There is nothing secretive about game notes or game stats and I think everyone should have access to that."
And just how open have they been with their information to the fans? The Stars have taken to posting details of their practices - something most professorial sports teams would go out of their way to keep secret - as a way to keep fans fully informed and in turn help develop a bond between the club and public that allows fans to feel a much deeper sense of connection with the team.
"You can't get into the arena or into the locker room without credentials so putting our practice schedule on the e-mail and the website for 'Joe Fan' to see knowing they can't get into there anyway doesn't hurt anyone and it's more about keeping our fans connected."
How The Players Interact
Stars fans have quickly embraced the likes of Krys Barch and Brad Richards using Twitter and a weekend poll we conducted here suggests Steve Ott and the impeccable Daryl 'Razor' Reaugh as two more personalities Stars fans would like to interact with. While Joe Calvillo did point out that there hasn't been much of a clamor by most of the players on the team to join Barch and Richards due to such things as busy schedules and wanting to maintain at least a little privacy in their very public hockey lives.
"Our players have Facebook and Twitter and a lot of them have it just to follow things." Calvillo said when asked about players using social media. Which isn't to say that they aren't seeing what is being said and written about them at any given time during the season.
"I think the players are more aware of it than fans think and more players monitor Twitter more than your average fan would think."
As for Barch, don't expect his Twitter usage to slow down any time soon. In fact there are plans for him to start fielding questions from fans on his Twitter and then answer those questions on the Stars web site. As fans have been able to see his comfort level in using Twitter has seemed to grow and it's not as much about staying away from controversial topics, but more on how to use the different features of the website to reply to fans and give them a sense of what day-to-day life is like for an NHL player.
Going Avenues No Other Team Has Gone
Rather quietly in October of 2010, the Stars launched an official iPhone app that contained their full media guide for this season not just becoming the first NHL team to make such an app, but also one of the first (if not the first) professional sports team in North America to do so.
In previous seasons, the Stars had made their media guide available to fans on their web site, but to go the extra route of making their media guide something that fans can virtually carry with them anywhere they go is a huge step and is yet another example of just one of the many steps the Stars have taken this year in terms of getting their name an brand out to the public to gain attention.
While this year's app features what Calvillo has called "a glorified PDF file" and is still nice for fans to be able to have, there is an eye towards the future and better versions that take the application from being a simple PDF file to something even more in-depth and interactive.
"We we're thinking for instance wouldn't it be sweet if the user goes to the year by year history and then can bring up a box score from a game in a particular year or if you click on Jamie Benn, his highlights come up."
The Dallas Stars Media Guide app is free and available to download in the app store on iTunes.


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Continuous Intelligence: What It Is And What It Is Not
Businesses seeking to take the friction out of operational decision-making are turning data streams into continuous intelligence.
No matter the industry in which they operate, all businesses strive to stay relevant; in the data-driven era of IoT, staying relevant means staying current. But surprisingly, many organizations still place their faith in historical databases over ongoing data. Such organizations will necessarily lack the information architecture they need to make informed decisions in rapidly changing environments. What they need, in a word (or two) is continuous intelligence (CI) — an approach to data-driven decision making that leverages technology for improved business outcomes.
Gartner predicts that by 2022, more than half of major new business systems will in some way exploit continuous intelligence capabilities. Because continuous intelligence is about better decision-making, successful implementation relies on improved data processing, AI, and/or machine learning capabilities. Ultimately, the right software platforms, that deliver the right data at the right time (and in the right way) can enable continuous intelligence along with its attendant benefits.
Continuous Intelligence: What It is Not
As the universe of applications for IoT and big data analytics have proliferated across the enterprise, concepts like "continuous intelligence" have been coined to guide the understanding and implementation of systems designed to activate all this new information. To that end, it's worth differentiating continuous intelligence from similar ideas that are related, but not quite the same.
In a sense, continuous intelligence is more than the sum of its parts. A business can have multiple streams of real-time data in place alongside historical data, but "data" and "IoT" alone don't define CI. Neither does the term refer exclusively to the speed at which data is produced or consumed. It does not describe the rate of information generation and transfer, nor does it denote a high throughput, even though these qualities are crucial to its success. Lastly, CI is neither defined by nor reliant upon the application of artificial intelligence.
CI is also distinct from "business intelligence" in the sense that business intelligence typically doesn't move at a real-time pace — BI typically runs through slower, human-driven decision-making processes like meetings, committees, and reports. While AI may represent a core component of an organization's business intelligence arm, it's not typically designed to actuate decisions against real-time data. As a concept, business intelligence doesn't refer to insights based on up-to-date information, nor does it imply ongoing action, even if it is used to inform bigger-picture decisions. BI is, fundamentally, periodic.
So What is Continuous Intelligence?
Continuous intelligence uses real-time data, automated or semi-automated processes, and intelligent information systems to augment human decision-making on an ongoing basis — in other words, any time a decision is made. CI systems enable "frictionless," augmented analytics designed to inform human decisions with the most accurate data possible. By definition, CI should be embedded in the core of all business operations. It's not a once-quarterly process for getting back on track or adjusting strategic direction — it should be an inherent part of how a business works and runs each and every minute of every day.
Continuous intelligence is, by definition, both real-time and "continuous." Good CI relies on current data, as well as human inputs around observed events or situational touchstones. CI systems should be able to integrate a vast pool of divergent data sources at extremely high volumes. Applications used for continuous intelligence will necessarily tap into historical databases to some extent, but the fact that data offloaded to storage goes through duplications and security protocols can (somewhat ironically) make it less usable for fast decision automation. Instead, the priority data for CI tools is always the data generated in real-time.
In certain scenarios, continuous intelligence can benefit from AI and machine learning — capabilities which can allow for improved (read: superhuman) event stream processing. With CI, augmented analytics can effectively predict potentialities and prescribe optimal responses before human decision makers could even begin to evaluate post-mortem data. Continuous intelligence is designed for an ever-changing environment — and while shifting factors may make it harder for people to see a situation objectively, CI can not only adjust to such changes — it actually thrives on them.
Depending on the context, continuous intelligence implies partial decision automation. In discrete contexts wherein technologies are capable of fully governing certain operations — as with certain machinery or software — closed-loop automation through CI makes sense. But for the many organizations that rely on operational human action, CI's role is more of a supporting one — removing the biases and mitigating the computational limitations of the human mind.
What's So Great About Continuous Intelligence?
Continuous intelligence can be transformative for business operations. Data doesn't have to disappear into vast databases — it can (and should) inform the most pressing organizational decisions. At the same time, automation (and artificial intelligence) can relieve humans of the burdens associated with the responsibility of making a "final" decision. In one sense, many of us already rely on technology to make automated decisions for us — for instance, when Waze reroutes you to avoid a traffic jam. Unsurprisingly, when applied to mammoth operational decisions, the potential impact is difficult to imagine. To use the transportation and logistics industry as an example, imagine shaving off a few minutes from every route, or avoiding extra deadhead miles or snagging an extra load on an existing delivery. These types of incremental, real-time decisions have a huge impact on the bottom-line. Not making real-time data-driven decisions drives poor customer experience, limits resource capacity and discourages employees from making the best decision possible due to a lack of data access.
Even more crucially, the "point" of continuous intelligence is that it is outcome-focused. The "improvement" in human decision-making refers to a quantifiable impact on business operations. With a CI mindset, organizations can get more value from their data as their operations become more effective. For instance, CI can help a manufacturer reduce downtime for their equipment with predictive analytics that pinpoints exactly when certain machines need attention. Condition-based maintenance means equipment is fixed only after it's required. The implications go far beyond maintenance itself.
Although continuous intelligence can help remove some degree of human bias from the decision-making equation by surfacing hard data, a CI architecture can (and must) still be flexible and intuitive enough for human use. While some businesses may use CI to manage "self-regulating" machinery or software, all organizations ultimately run on human actions.
From emergency services to logistics to maintenance to security, organizations don't need total "automation" — what they can benefit from, however, is less friction around the decision-making process. In the context of the OODA Loop ( "observe, orient, decide, act"), CI can help teams make better decisions faster, for more successful outcomes.
Making Continuous Intelligence a Reality
Ultimately, continuous intelligence is just one (valuable) component of situational awareness. Deploying intelligent applications which take advantage of real-time data is what many businesses need to overcome blind spots and bottlenecks, and finally bake informed decision-making into their operational strategy.
Of course, not all applications of CI are created equal — nor indeed are many of these altogether worthy of the moniker. Many may suffer from a lack of extensibility, have trouble integrating and activating critical information, or fail to successfully align with business-specific decision models.
Organizations must ensure that their CI solutions contribute to a common operational picture built on a foundation of real-time data derived from mission-critical assets (i.e. IoT devices). CI solutions must be contextual — in other words, crafted in support of any given organization's unique objectives. Achieving this contextuality requires platforms that balance the need for powerful built-in capabilities with the need for flexibility and customizability. Continuous intelligence is neither a concept untethered from real applications nor a rigid technological framework — it is a self-evidently valuable and imminently achievable operational asset that, as a matter of course, will take different forms from one use case to the next.
How to Ensure Workplace Communication Stays Compliant


The Belgian-Swedish Duo knock in three sets 4-6, 6 -4 and 10/5 the first seed in Austria, the pair consisting of the American Raquel Atawo and the German Anna-Lena Groenefeld . The game lasted 1h23.
She also lost 5 final matches this year, including three this year in Rosmalen (with Kiki Bertens), in Nuremberg (with Larsson) and in Budapest (with Larsson). It also has an only title in Quebec City in 2012.
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HomeStudyTop 10 Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland
Top 10 Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland
Top 10 Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland!
Switzerland boasts one of the world's finest living standards. The average wage is substantial, and these positions pay extremely well.
Switzerland is one of the best countries to live and work in Europe. The country has one of the world's finest living standards, low crime rates, an incredible public transit system, a terrific work-life balance, and some of the highest average earnings in the world.
If all of this makes you want to move to Switzerland, but you have no idea where to begin, don't panic. Using data from PayScale and the Lohnbuch Schweiz, we've compiled a list of the 10 Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland to assist you in determining which are the most lucrative.
List of Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland
FAQs On Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland
The following is a list of Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland:
1. Military officer
Average estimated salary: 83,880 CHF ($84,009)
This Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland Despite a long tradition of neutrality in armed conflicts, the Swiss Armed Forces continue to participate in peacekeeping missions around the world and maintain a civil defense militia. While the majority of this workforce is comprised of volunteers and conscripts, around 5 percent consists of career soldiers responsible for the management, training, and tactical command of the men and women under their direction.
Naturally, military officers – as in any army – must exhibit great leadership qualities, the capacity to think on their feet, and effective communication skills.
In order to become a military officer in the Swiss Armed Forces, you can volunteer during conscription and, if you satisfy the necessary criteria and standard, you will be considered for officer training. As a perk, staff officers receive their education at ETH Zurich, which is consistently regarded as one of the world's greatest colleges.
2. Software engineer
Another Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland is Software engineers design, They develop, implement, and maintain software applications and programs that can be utilized for a variety of purposes or requirements.
Technically, they must be proficient in multiple programming languages, such as Python, Java, and C++, but they must also possess a number of soft skills. For example, they must be able to think clearly and critically and display good problem-solving abilities.
If you are a talented self-taught programmer and exhibit transferable employment abilities, you may be able to enter the field without a degree if you are a skilled self-taught programmer.
3. Accountant
Accountants are responsible for keeping track of and auditing the finances of businesses and individuals, as well as giving skilled strategy, consulting, and advice services (particularly at larger firms).
Naturally, they must be numerate, but they must also be commercially savvy, technically savvy, and adept at managing their time.
The majority of accountants pursue an accredited accounting, finance, or business degree, through which they sit for the majority of their charter/license examinations; in order to become chartered or a CPA, you must sit for further exams and complete a minimum number of client hours. It is also possible to enter the field of accounting by way of a higher apprenticeship.However, it is among the Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland.
4. Pilot
Average estimated salary: 101,340 CHF ($101,496)
There are numerous types of pilots, but commercial airline pilots are unquestionably the highest-paid. They are responsible for piloting passenger aircraft to their destinations safely.
In this Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland, they must possess great multitasking and communication abilities, as well as the capacity to make split-second, high-pressure choices.
To become a pilot, you must get an aviation license recognized in your nation and amass a portfolio of flying hours. Alternately, many pilots receive military training before applying their abilities in the civilian sector.
5. Priest/Minister
Even though there is no official state religion in Switzerland, clergy of the country's two largest denominations – Roman Catholicism and Swiss Reformation – are handsomely compensated for their work.
This Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland, the Priests must possess excellent interpersonal skills, especially the capacity for empathy, communication, and emotional intelligence, above all else. As someone in a position of authority, they must always display impeccable judgment.
The majority of priests hold a theology degree and enter their particular church at a junior level before advancing to positions of more seniority and responsibility.
6. Actuary
This aspect of Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland are risk managers who utilize statistics and mathematical models to assess the financial repercussions of a choice. Insurance businesses and investment banks are their primary employers.
Unsurprisingly, a strong understanding of mathematics is a prerequisite, but you must also be able to convey your results and insights to non-technical stakeholders. Another essential talent is commercial awareness.
In terms of education, the majority of actuaries pursue a degree in actuarial sciences, however mathematics and/or statistics are typically acceptable alternatives.
7. Veterinarian
This Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland collaborate with veterinary technicians to diagnose and treat diseases and acute clinical situations in animals, as well as provide basic immunizations and perform routine examinations.
They must be able to successfully interact with the owners of the animals they treat, including the ability to issue clear instructions and demonstrate sensitivity in delicate situations. Additionally, you must be passionate about dealing with animals.
To become a veterinarian, you must get an accredited degree in veterinarian sciences. It is possible to find employment with a larger clinic or organization, but most veterinarians, especially in rural regions, choose to establish their own offices.
8. Investment banker
Investment bankers are among the highest-paid individuals in Switzerland, which is unsurprising given the country's reputation for banking; this figure does not include their bonuses, which frequently dwarf their base income.
In addition to business acumen, analytical skills, and good decision-making, bankers must be shrewd, commercially savvy, and committed to their work, especially if they choose to work for the best banks.
The majority have a degree in business, finance, economics, or a related field and obtain permanent positions through internships or graduate programs. Depending on the market in which they operate, they must additionally pass extra exams to receive the appropriate license.It is another Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland on our list.
9. Physician
In hospitals and private clinics, physicians treat illnesses, acute clinical problems, and injuries, and conduct routine checkups. In recent years, physician earnings have climbed in part due to rising health insurance expenses in Switzerland.
A multitude of abilities and characteristics are required to become a physician, including communication, professionalism, empathy, and the ability to multitask, as well as excellent people skills and a knack for problem solving.
Before they can lawfully receive a license to practice, all doctors must complete medical school; they must then choose a specialty and complete additional study in that field. Some medical specialties, such as surgery, cardiology, and emergency medicine, pay significantly more than others.
10. IT systems architect
IT systems architecture is one of the Highest-Paying Jobs in Switzerland, and the world at large, despite its prosperous financial industry, is no exception. Systems architects advise on, design, and oversee the construction of comprehensive IT infrastructures for corporate clients and other organizations, frequently in collaboration with a non-technical business development manager who understands the client's requirements.
Therefore, significant technical expertise and comprehension of many elements of IT are required, along with strong project management abilities, commercial awareness of your chosen business, and the capacity to collaborate with stakeholders.
A bachelor's degree in IT is the bare minimum requirement for a career in systems architecture; however, you will also need to get multiple advanced IT certifications and a recognised management certificate.
What jobs are in demand in Switzerland?
According to the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO), the most in-demand jobs in Switzerland are: accountant, engineer, teacher, nurse, doctor, and lawyer. However, the FSO also reports that there is a high demand for skilled workers such as mechanics and engineers.
What is the best job to have in Switzerland?
IT Systems Architect
Does Switzerland have high paying jobs?
It is one of the best places in Europe to work and earn high salaries. In short, working people in Switzerland are among the best-paid across the globe.
What is good salary in Switzerland?
Answer- In most Swiss cities, a single person would need a net salary of 3,500 CHF per month to live comfortably, while a family of four would need a net salary of at least 9,000 CHF per month.
Switzerland is an amazing country to live and work, so why not migrate if you have the qualifications and expertise to apply for these positions? Numerous Swiss employers offer exceptional working conditions.
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Florida Aviation Accident: 4 Dead After Plane Crash at PBIA; NTSB to Investigate
Justice News Flash News by vision
11/15/2010 // West Palm Beach, FL, US // Sandra Quinlan // Sandra Quinlan
West Palm Beach, FL—Four people were killed when the plane they were occupying crashed upon departing from Palm Beach International Airport on Thursday, November 11, 2010. The fiery multiple-fatality aviation accident happened shortly after 6 p.m., according to information provided by WPBF.
Reports indicated a twin-engine Piper PA-44 aircraft, registered to FIT Aviation, had flown to the Bahamas and was en route to Melbourne when the pilot stopped at PBIA to clear customs. As the small plane took off for a second time, however, something went wrong.
"You could see that a plane was taking off, turned and then crashed and (caught) fire," said witness Jamie Smida. According to officials from the Florida Institute of Technology, four people were killed in the plane crash.
The victims were identified as flight student Kristopher Henegar, 22; flight instructor Dheni "Jenny" Frembling, 26; student and flight instructor Jordyn Agostini, 21; and passenger Kyle Henegar, 26.
A preliminary probe seemed to indicate the plane might have exceeded its weight limit, National Transportation Safety Board investigator Ralph Wilson said, adding that one of the aircraft's engines failed.
Even so, Wilson noted, "Engines quit all the time and not everybody crashes." Additionally, Palm Beach County Fire Rescue Deputy Chief Steve Delai reported, "The plane is missing some parts… The tail section notably is not with the plane. Whether that separated from the plane and caused the crash or whether it separated as a result of the crash, we simply don't know."
Reports stated Thursday's wreck marked the first fatal aviation accident to occur at PBIA in more than 11 years. The last one happened in September 1999 and resulted in a total of eight casualties.
NTSB officials are expected to conduct a full investigation into the deadly plane crash.
Legal News Reporter: Sandra Quinlan– Legal News for Florida Aviation Accident Lawyers.
Media Information:
Url: Sandra Quinlan: West Palm Beach Injury News
Tags: deadly plane crashfatalitiesFlorida aviation accident lawyersnational transportation safety boardpalm beach international airportWest Palm Beach
Auto Accident Florida News Personal Injury
Daytona car accident lawyer worried serious injuries increasing
by Justice Seeker
Mesothelioma Asbestos News Texas
Searching for a Dallas mesothelioma cancer lawyer, look for the following
by Legal Reporter


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Divers told to seize their chances at the Fina World Cup
NEW CLARK CITY: The national diving squad have been urged to seize the opportunities at the 2020 Fina Diving World Cup to qualify for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
National diving coach Christian Brooker said the World Cup, to be held at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre from April 21-27, would be the last qualifying competition for the 2020 Olympic Games.
The Australian, who joined the national set-up early this year, said all the top Malaysian divers who have yet to book their Olympic tickets would be sent for the World Cup.
"We must be placed among the top 18 in the individual event and also the top seven in the synchronised event to be guaranteed the tickets to the Olympics," he told reporters after the conclusion of the diving competition in the 30th SEA Games here today.
Four Malaysian women's divers have qualified for Tokyo 2020 so far, namely Pandelela Rinong, Leong Mun Yee (pix), Wendy Ng Yan Yee and Nur Dhabitah Sabri.
Brooker was delighted that Malaysia swept the board as targeted, singling out Muhd Syafiq Puteh and Jasmine Lai Pui Yee for praise.
Malaysia made a clean sweep of all the four golds at stake at the Games.
Elite diver Ooi Tze Liang retained the gold in men's 3-metre individual springboard, besides winning the synchronised event title with Muhd Syafiq.
Yan Yee also bagged two golds, in the women's 3-metre individual springboard and the synchronised event with Nur Dhabitah Sabri.
Nur Dhabitah and Yan Yee were happy to reclaim the gold from Singaporean pair Ashley Tan Yi Xuan and Fong Kay Yian, who won the event at the 2017 Kuala Lumpur SEA Games, but said they needed to improve to clinch better results in major competitions, including the 2020 Olympic Games. — Bernama


In the dystopian, post-Brexit future we wish to discourage directors from distracting the workforce by making films which are too long. To that end, we'll apply a tax to films which exceed a specified length.
The tax will be applied for every minute over the maximum.
Create two Integer parameters, including one with available values which resemble the ones shown above.
TaxableMinutes - the number of minutes over the maximum specified.
TaxToPay - the total amount of tax to pay.
Add a filter to the dataset so that it returns only those films which exceed the maximum length specified.
Now we just need to write that number on the side of a bus and claim it's going to fund the NHS.


FX School is offering quality training which enhances the skills of every upcoming individual. With a positive motive to train all the dedicated students the management is teaching them all the concepts of animation, visual effects and filmmaking. Along with all these the college curriculum is filled with a few other impressive courses. Under the supervision of experts from industry and versed faculty along with sophisticated infrastructure the FX School is stepping ahead in making the student a market professional.
Why to join FX School, Mumbai?
Facilities: TheCollege offers worldclass facilities to all the students who are pursuing the course. The management provides a friendly environment along with various facilities which include thelatest and advanced equipment.
Lab: The College has an art lab, practice rooms and many more that inspire them to step towards a successful career along with a peaceful environment. Starting from the computers till other equipment in the digital photo studio, the college offers the best.
Creative approach: The major quality for a student in the particular field is creativity. The faculty and the directors of the campus with a strong dedication teach implementing innovative methods and bring up the creative thinking of every student.
Skill based learning: To locate students with special skills and marvelous abilities the management organizes a few interesting sessions through which they enhance the abilities.


March 24, 2014 • Environmentalists, meanwhile, are worried that the spill happened at the worst possible moment — the peak of birding season.
June 21, 2010 • Lee Hill, of NPR's Tell Me More, offers a slide show of images by Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer Ted Jackson depicting very different disasters along the Gulf Coast.
June 17, 2010 • In Pensacola, folks are fatally resigned to the fact there's an oil slick heading their way.
June 15, 2010 • A recent Tell Me More guest sends images from Pascagoula, Miss.
Are You Affected By The Oil Spill?
June 15, 2010 • Tell us if you have you been affected by the oil spill.
June 14, 2010 • In our first hour, the future of oil, and reporting on the oil spill. In our second hour, "Click" and Tift Merritt.
June 10, 2010 • BP still can't stop the leak in the Gulf -- but can they stop a coffee spill? The Upright Citizens Brigade.
June 1, 2010 • Rachel Maddow sees the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and gets deja vu.


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Q: Simulation of suicide burn in openai-gym's LunarLander I want to simulate suicide burn to learn and understand rocket landing. OpenAI gym already has an LunarLander enviroment which is used for training reinforcement learning agents. I am using this enviroment to simulate suicide burn in python. I have extracted the coordinates (x,y) from the first two values of state vector of this enviroment. From these values, considering y coordinates as the altitude; I have calculated velocity and accelartion of the falling lander using these equations
velocity(v) = delta_y/ delta_t
acceleartion(a) = delta_v/delta_t

As the simulation is incrementing stepwise the difference in time delta_t was taken as 1. Unable to find the gravity parameter of LunarLander I gave it a default value g=1. Then using the below equation from this reddit comment

altitude to start suicide burn = [ (current altitude)(acceleration of gravity) + (1/2)(current velocity)2 ] / (acceleration of engines)

I tried to calculate altitude to start suicide burn. This is my full python code. I am only planning to use two actions 0(do nothing) and 2(start main engine) of the four possible actions.
import gym
env = gym.make('LunarLander-v2')
env.seed(0)

g = 1
delta_t = 1
action = 0

state = env.reset()

# x0 = state[0]
y0 = state[1]
v0 = 0

for t in range(3000):
    state, reward, done, _  = env.step(action)
    y = state[1]
    if done or y <0:
        break
    v = (y-y0)/delta_t  # velocity
    a = (v - v0)/delta_t # acceleration

    # (altitude to start suicide burn) = [ (current altitude)(acceleration of gravity) + (1/2)(current velocity)2 ] / (acceleration of engines)
    alt_burn = [y*g+0.5*v*v]/a

    v0 = v
    y0 = y

    print(" y",round(y,5)," v",round(v,5)," a",round(a,5)," Alt_burn",round(alt_burn[0],5))

The output results looks something like this
 y 1.41542  v 0.00196  a 0.00196  Alt_burn 722.35767
 y 1.41678  v 0.00136  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2362.78166
 y 1.41754  v 0.00076  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2362.63867
 y 1.4177  v 0.00016  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2362.43506
 y 1.41726  v -0.00044  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2362.64046
 y 1.41622  v -0.00104  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2359.03148
 y 1.41458  v -0.00164  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2358.17355
 y 1.41233  v -0.00224  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2353.50518
 y 1.40949  v -0.00284  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2349.24118
 y 1.40605  v -0.00344  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2343.51016
 y 1.40201  v -0.00404  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2336.31535
 y 1.39737  v -0.00464  a -0.0006  Alt_burn -2329.04954

If we look at altitude(y) its a very small value less than 1.5 whereas the calculated altitude to start suicide burn are very high. How can I solve this problem?
In the reddit comments they have only mentioned to start the engine but not to end it. Anyone knows the math for killing the engine dynamically?

A: There are two issues with your code:

*

*delta_t should be 1.0/50.0 according to the lunar_lander source

 FPS = 50
 #...
 self.world.Step(1.0/FPS, 6*30, 2*30)

with the Box2D documentation indicating the typical time step by

 # [...]Typically we use a time step of 1/60 of a
 # second (60Hz) and 6 velocity/2 position iterations. This provides a
 # high quality simulation in most game scenarios.
 timeStep = 1.0 / 60

*The acceleration of the engines should not be defined as the current acceleration as it is in

alt_burn = [y*g+0.5*v*v]/a

but by the impulse of the engines, defined here as

MAIN_ENGINE_POWER  = 13.0

The mass of the lander is not specified in the creation of the lander body, but using
env.lander.mass

we can find the mass to be 4.82. Given this, the correct acceleration for the engines is given by1
alt_burn = (y * g + 0.5 * v*v) / (13.0 / env.lander.mass * 0.5)

If we run the code with the above modifications,
import gym
env = gym.make('LunarLander-v2')
env.seed(0)

g = 1.0
delta_t = 1.0/50.0
action = 0

state = env.reset()

y0 = state[1]

for t in range(3000):
    state, reward, done, _  = env.step(action)
    y = state[1]
    v = (y - y0) / delta_t
    y0 = y
    if done or y < 0:
        break

    alt_burn = (y*g+0.5*v*v)/(13.0 / env.lander.mass * 0.5)

    print(" y",round(y,5)," v",round(v,5)," Alt_burn",round(alt_burn,5))

we get a much more reasonable answer for the burn altitude:
 y 1.41542  v 0.09797  Alt_burn 1.05242
 y 1.41678  v 0.06799  Alt_burn 1.05158
 y 1.41754  v 0.03799  Alt_burn 1.05097
 y 1.4177  v 0.00799  Alt_burn 1.05057
 y 1.41726  v -0.02201  Alt_burn 1.0504
 y 1.41622  v -0.05202  Alt_burn 1.05045
 y 1.41458  v -0.08202  Alt_burn 1.05073
 y 1.41233  v -0.11202  Alt_burn 1.05123
 y 1.40949  v -0.14202  Alt_burn 1.05194
 y 1.40605  v -0.17202  Alt_burn 1.05289
 y 1.40201  v -0.20202  Alt_burn 1.05405
 y 1.39737  v -0.23202  Alt_burn 1.05544
 y 1.39213  v -0.26203  Alt_burn 1.05705
 y 1.38629  v -0.29202  Alt_burn 1.05887
 ...
 y 0.56683  v -1.58312  Alt_burn 1.34863
 y 0.53456  v -1.61311  Alt_burn 1.36025
 y 0.5017  v -1.64311  Alt_burn 1.37209
 y 0.46824  v -1.67311  Alt_burn 1.38416
 y 0.43418  v -1.70311  Alt_burn 1.39644
 y 0.39951  v -1.73311  Alt_burn 1.40895
 y 0.36425  v -1.76311  Alt_burn 1.42168
 y 0.32839  v -1.79311  Alt_burn 1.43463
 y 0.29193  v -1.82311  Alt_burn 1.44781
 y 0.25487  v -1.85311  Alt_burn 1.46121
 y 0.2172  v -1.88311  Alt_burn 1.47483
 y 0.17894  v -1.91311  Alt_burn 1.48867
 y 0.14008  v -1.94311  Alt_burn 1.50274
 y 0.10062  v -1.97311  Alt_burn 1.51702
 y 0.06055  v -2.00311  Alt_burn 1.53154
 y 0.01989  v -2.03311  Alt_burn 1.54626

The execution of the suicide burn2 is now trivial, we simply need to activate the engines when the lander is below burn altitude and deactivate them when the lander is below a cutoff altitude.
import gym
env = gym.make('LunarLander-v2')
env.seed(0)

g = 1.0
delta_t = 1.0/50.0
action = 0

state = env.reset()

y0 = state[1]
v0 = 0
cut_off = 0.01

for t in range(3000):
    env.render()
    state, reward, done, _  = env.step(action)
    y = state[1]
    v = (y - y0)/delta_t
    if done or y < 0 or v == 0.001:
        break

    alt_burn = (y*g+0.5*v*v)/(13.0 / env.lander.mass * 0.5)

    v0 = v
    y0 = y
    if y < alt_burn and y > cut_off:
        action = 2
    else:
        action = 0

    print(" y",round(y,5)," v",round(v,5)," Alt_burn",round(alt_burn,5))

And the lander will hoverslam:

1Shamefully I can't find a source for this equation. I have a degree in Applied Physics with an emphasis in Astrophysics and over 1000 hours of KSP - so I am absolutely certain this equation is correct, but I cannot for the life of me remember where I got it from.
2This brand of suicide burn is also referred to as a hoverslam. SpaceX coined this term because when landing a Falcon 9 Booster, one engine at minimum thrust generates a TWR greater than 1.00, meaning there is no capacity for a Powered Descent like that used by the Apollo Missions. Consequently, there is only an instantaneous hover - hence hoverslam.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
IIT Kanpur and Apollo Hospitals join hands for research collaboration in cutting-edge medical technology
IIT Kanpur and Apollo Hospitals join hands for research collaboration in cutting-edge medical technology.The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur and Apollo Hospitals today announced the signing of a MoU for collaborative research in the clinical application of AI and other areas of mutual interest in healthcare technology. This first-of-its-kind formal collaboration between Asia's largest integrated healthcare provider, and a globally renowned institution of technology, engineering and Computer Science, is a formal recognition of the rapid convergence of healthcare and technology that is transforming the practice of medicine. Prof. AR Harish, Dean R&D, IIT Kanpur and Prof. Krishnan Ganapathy, Director Apollo Telemedicine, Apollo Hospitals, signed the MoU in the presence of Prof. Abhay Karandikar, Director of IIT Kanpur, and Dr Prathap C Reddy, Founder & Chairman, Apollo Hospitals Group, among others.
Apollo Research and Innovations (ARI), a department of Apollo Hospitals has been spearheading medical research, innovation, health education, teaching and clinical deployment of AI for over two decades. The first to have ISO certified AI-based clinical applications to predict the risk of developing lifestyle diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, COPD and asthma, and liver fibrosis, Apollo has proven these in clinical practice after intensive studies with globally renowned partners from the academia and industry. The collaboration with IIT Kanpur will build on this foundation and expand the domain of research and development in healthcare technology.
Dr Prathap C Reddy, Founder & Chairman, Apollo Hospitals Group welcomed the MoU. He said, "Apollo has been at the forefront of providing patients with access to the latest in medical technology. The group has also been very active in developing the new generation of healthcare talent. With two medical colleges, a medical school in the UK, an Apollo University and 20 institutions providing advanced training in Nursing and Hospital Administration, Ph.D programmes and 625 DNB seats in specialities and super specialities, we look forward to our experience and expertise adding value to the innovative research done at IIT Kanpur. The collaboration will provide teaching and research opportunities to those inside and outside the Apollo ecosystem."
Prof. Abhay Karandikar, Director IIT Kanpur, said, "Being a research and educational institution of national importance, IIT Kanpur has consistently invested in imparting and undertaking cutting-edge multi-disciplinary research in science, technology and engineering in association with industry and other institutions. The Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology that is coming up at IIT Kanpur is in line with IIT Kanpur's endeavor to bring about a paradigm shift by merging medical research and technological innovations in the country. Now, with this MoU with Apollo Hospitals, we envision to have fruitful collaborations in areas such as AI in health and other emerging innovations that will contribute towards making India's healthcare systems robust and self-reliant."
Dr. Sangita Reddy, Joint Managing Director Apollo Hospitals reiterated that implementation of all aspects of Digital Health are now radically transforming the delivery of health care and the formal collaboration with IIT Kanpur would further accelerate this endeavour.
Prof. Amitabha Bandyopadhyay, HoD, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Department, and Chair for Entrepreneurship & Innovation IIT Kanpur, is optimistic that this collaboration would identify several focused areas of mutual interest and result in impactful outcomes. Prof Krishnan Ganapathy, Director Apollo Telemedicine, who is also a Distinguished Hon. Professor at IIT Kanpur, would be the principal coordinator for this joint collaboration.
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text:
New syllabus 'connects more people to musical story'
Composers on ABRSM's new woodwind syllabus have spoken publicly about the opportunity to inspire a new generation of music learners and audiences by showing how they are 'part of this musical story'.
Composer Althea Talbot-Howard, who contributed both arrangements and new compositions to the syllabus, makes the comments on the Classical Music website this month.
She said: "Music is a universal human endeavour, but it takes many forms. As the repertoire of classical music widens, it starts to reflect the universality of music as an artistic imperative in all cultures."
Up to eight per cent of pieces for each instrument on the new woodwind syllabus have been written or arranged by composers from a diverse range of backgrounds.
Althea, whose syllabus contribution includes arrangements of Sonata for Harp and Flute by Joseph Bologne, said there were other, practical benefits of diversifying syllabuses, with inclusion of music by composers of African heritage like a 'bridge' for connecting with the new audiences that classical music today needs.
She said: "Because many of the children and parents involved in music exams have a range of cultural influences in their lives, it is good psychology for classical music to meet them halfway, just as they are already meeting us halfway by involving themselves in what was once an exclusively-European endeavour.
"It's also good manners. If an African family starts taking music lessons – as happened so often for me over the last twenty years, in my private teaching practice – it is wonderful to be able to say, 'This composer was of African descent'. It excites and inspires people, who, via the people who went before them, suddenly find themselves to be a part of this musical story."
The Classical Music article also features Andrew Chen, one of six composers on a mentoring scheme developed and designed by ABRSM to introduce young composers from a wider range of backgrounds to ABRSM's specific technical requirements when it is commissioning music for education.


text:
Musical Instruments and Styles From North America
Posted by Tyler Rice | Apr 21, 2022 | Blog, Bluegrass | 0
People may have different cultures, backgrounds, and native tongues, yet somehow, everyone appreciates good music even if they don't understand the lyrics. Aside from the melody, it is largely due to the accompanying musical instruments, which make for a richer and fuller sound. They create a universal language that breaks normal communication barriers as they awaken the most deep-seated human emotions and familiar sensations. We can feel what it conveys because it impacts us in far-ranging ways.
There are over hundreds of types of musical instruments in existence, each having an inherently distinct sound that may appeal to a few or more listeners. Over centuries, playing them has become a creative form of self-expression in various styles. They provide an outlet for many or simply serve as entertainment or a way to relax and de-stress. Some musical instruments can mimic naturally occurring sounds, while all of them are capable of creating their own.
Beginnings of musical instruments in the US
It's safe to say that American instruments have shaped how we appreciate music throughout the years. Back in the day, indigenous peoples had instruments carved out in wood and other natural materials.
Not only did they produce pleasing sounds, but they also bore intricate designs that reflect their high regard for such instruments. Often they have symbolic significance with the use of religious references and cultural depictions.
Although the first musical instruments, such as the flute, came about many millennia ago, they innovated, if not invented, several pieces like the harmonica and tuba in the 19th century. They were brought to North America from different parts of the world, such as Africa, Europe, and Asia, and adapted to the Western culture.
Colonial music included dance tunes, ballads, religious hymns, folk songs, etc. Different musical instruments interpreted these sounds, which eventually gave rise to multiple styles or genres.
During the Revolution, violins and fiddles were very popular, which appealed to people from all walks of life. It didn't matter if you were a slave or the American president since their prices ranged from cheap to expensive at the time (and still are).
On the other hand, not all women had the liberty to play a musical instrument of their choice, which depended on one's reputation. Only the wealthy and sophisticated women had access to harpsichords and English guitars that they played when entertaining family and friends. Harps also became a thing, followed by trumpets, French horns, clarinets, etc.
North American instruments
From Accordion to Zither, in reality, no one knows how many types of musical instruments there are around the world. Nonetheless, various instruments that remain popular were invented and enhanced in North America. Let's take a look at some of them.
The banjo is the quintessential American instrument that has greatly impacted our music today. But when you think about it, when do you ever see it being played in major events, a concert even? You are likely listening to an indie-folk band if it does. However, there are attempts to revive its popularity, blending it into modern country music alongside electronic beats.
We can trace the early influences of the banjo from Africa, where its "relatives" such as the Akonting and Xalam were born and share its fundamental design. The banjo went through different phases until after the Civil War when the five-string version and other improvements ensued.
One of the most popular American instruments, but no, guitars were not conceived in North America. However, its several variants were such as the bass and electric guitars. The bass guitar has the lowest pitch and a longer neck than other guitar types. It was invented sometime in the 30s in Seattle, Washington. The iconic Fender electric bass guitar was mass-produced in the 50s and considered revolutionary, and continues to rock out gigs today.
This type of guitar produces sounds from electric signals and requires external amplification. Thus, you can alter the sound electronically to develop a range of tones and timbres. Jazz guitar artists used them in the beginning for guitar solos. Later, it became more versatile, covering a variety of musical styles from blues to rock that spawned other types of music like heavy metal. The electric guitar would usually provide the rhythm, riffs, and melodies in popular music.
Just like the guitar, the ukulele was also brought in by immigrants. It was originally from Portugal but was refined and popularized in Hawaii. Part of the lute family, this American instrument uses four nylon strings. It is much smaller and has a mellow sound quality than a classical guitar. There are several types of ukulele, four of which are the soprano, concert, baritone, and tenor. Following the 60s, the ukulele's popularity waned until the 90s, when it resurfaced among many new musicians.
The mechanical version of this historical instrument was invented in 1761 by Benjamin Franklin, among his other innovations. He described it as sweet-sounding and named it armonica. Delicate as it is, a glass harmonica consists of a series of different-sized glass bowls that create sounds by friction. It should not be confused with a harmonica, an entirely different instrument. Musical greats such as Mozart and Beethoven have written compositions with this instrument, although it was never widely used. Later on, despite its gentle vibrato, the tones of the glass harmonica were deemed to harm one's mental health. There were also allegations of lead poisoning from touching the glass, which had lead content.
Gibson mandolin
Although the mandolin was invented in Europe, Italian immigrants brought it to America in the late 1800s. It became wildly popular when Spanish students played it during a tour performance. Once it caught on, the Gibson company made major improvements to the design. They added f-holes and developed the archtop and f styles. Today, it may not be as well-used as the guitar, but it remains a fixture in the music scene.
American music styles
American music is reflective of its diverse population. The early 20th century saw the popularity of American-recorded music across the world. Earlier, the native Americans were our first musicians, drawing inspiration from other cultures with immigrants coming in from Europe and Africa.
Truly American-made jazz music started in New Orleans until it spread to concert halls and music festivals worldwide.
We all have to thank Louis Armstrong, hailed as the father of jazz improvisation due to his extensive use of trumpet solos. Other great jazz musicians include Billie Holiday, Duke Ellington, and Ella Fitzgerald. Jazz is rather hard to define, given its much broader style and complexity. It has syncopated rhythms, sophisticated harmonies, deliberate pitch distortions, and heavy improvisation. American instruments commonly used in jazz ensembles include guitar, saxophone, trombone, keyboard, and bass.
Blues is the consummate American – it is a melding of call-and-response patterns, dissonant harmonies, chord progressions, walking bass, and pitches in sandwiched tones. This musical style is about chasing the blues away initially but evolved by encompassing a range of emotions and subjects. Blues came after the Civil War in the Deep South and was heavily impacted by African-American songs. Although it can be easily mistaken as jazz given their similarities, you can distinguish them from one another, with blues having more solo vocals alongside a defined chord progression.
Country music is a mix of Appalachian folk, ballad, and honky tonk that began in the 1920s. It graduated from being hillbilly music to the mainstream and has enjoyed tremendous popularity to this day. Many country songs have topped overall music charts, often beating pop music. Country music possesses simple harmonies paired with precise rhythms. It involves using acoustic and electric guitars, harmonicas, and banjos. Early country musicians shied away from drums; however, that changed when Bob Wills started adding them to his arrangement.
American music wouldn't become what it is today without rock and roll. But by itself, it is derived from other musical styles such as rhythm and blues, up-tempo jazz, and country, among many others. In the beginning, it was categorized under r&b and had a predominantly black audience, and eventually appealed to white teenagers. Soon after, white musicians like Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Johnnie Ray were at the forefront of rock and roll, transforming it from an R&B offshoot to its own music style.
Bluegrass is a style of music that began in the early 1940s in the Appalachian region. Although it is rooted in traditional blues, it also has Scottish, English, and Irish influences. The term is derived from Bill Monroe's band, the Blue Grass Boys, and consequently regarded as the father of bluegrass music. Bluegrass music uses acoustic stringed instruments and highlights off-beat timing like blues music. However, the notes in the latter are rather anticipated, and bluegrass musicians usually play around the melody by improvising it. Country music is also often associated with it, but bluegrass is heavy on acoustic instrumentation, making it sound different. If at all, it comes across more like folk music.
Classification of American instruments
While Native Americans used to organize musical instruments their way, scholars have formally assigned four categories: idiophones, aerophones, membranophones, and chordophones, based on the physical attributes and how the instrument produces sound. More recently, electrophones have been added and acknowledged as a new classification. They include electric guitars, synthesizers, and other electronically amplified instruments.
Idiophones
There are instruments where hitting or shaking them creates vibrations that produce a musical sound. They are classified as idiophones and cover the most number of musical instruments. Typical idiophones are tambourines, gongs, cymbals, xylophones, etc. These instruments do not include those with membranes and strings as they belong to another classification.
Idiophones are usually made from various materials, including natural and synthetic, like bamboo and PUV. For many years, Southeastern natives would use turtle shells as leg rattles. They also place pebbles in aluminum cans to create lively sounds during ceremonial dances. Hence, it's quite easy to make your own idiophone. You can grab a glass and a metal spoon to strike it with, and voila, you have just produced a simple idiophone instrument!
Aerophones
Based on its prefix, aerophones are musical instruments that generate sound by blowing air, but without strings and membranes like membranophones. There is also the absence of vibrations of idiophones. Flutes, harmonicas, and whistles easily come to mind, and the big horns like tubas, bagpipes, and saxophones. They are tubular vessels made of natural materials such as wood, bamboo, and clay that a player blows air into, while the horn types are metal. A flute has finger holes that vary the sound whether you block them with your finger while leaving another open.
In earlier times, healing practices used bullroarers whirled through the air to create a whirring sound. For Arctic inhabitants, they help harden snow to facilitate traveling on foot. Southwestern Americans do the opposite because they use bullroarers during the hot season, which they believe can induce rain.
Membranophones
Membranophones also produce sound when they are hit on a stretched membrane covering their frame. Easily, drums are the archetypal membranophones and are treated as a subcategory. You have all sorts of drums such as congas, bass drums, bongos, timpani, and others.
Drums could be any of three things: single-headed, double-headed, and kettledrums. Both single and double drum heads are struck vertically, while kettledrums are played by hitting their horizontal surface. Many rituals and traditional practices are conducted using drums to generate a powerful sound. Meanwhile, they would use animal skin such as deer hide on single drum heads.
Chordophones
Chordophones have stretched out strings that vibrate when struck, thereby producing sound. The chord is actually a Greek word that means string. Hence, chordophones are also referenced as string instruments consisting of lutes, musical bows, lyres, harps, and zithers. Aside from having strings, these instruments also possess a resonator that amplifies the sound they produce.
Native Americans do not commonly use these stringed musical instruments, but American Indians enhanced several chordophones based on earlier European models. One of them is the famous guitar. Other chordophones include the violin, mandolin, and viola, among others.
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VEHICLE inspection firm Vicom Ltd on Monday posted a 30.9 per cent rise in net profit to S$34.7 million for its full year ended Dec 31, 2018, while revenue inched up 3.1 per cent to S$100.1 million on higher business volumes. Its bottom line was mostly bolstered by an "other income" of S$7.7 million for 2018, derived from its gain on the surrender of lease of its property at 18 Teban Gardens Crescent to JTC, after provision for relocation costs to the new building. The company had said in September last year that it had bought a six-storey warehouse from Mapletree Logistics Trust for S$22.4 million at 531 Bukit Batok Street 23, to replace Setsco's premises at Teban Gardens Crescent, which had been zoned for re-development under the government's plans for the Jurong Lake District. For FY2018, Vicom's earning per share improved to 39.15 Singapore cents from 29.9 cents a year ago. Net asset value rose to S$1.7016 as at Dec 31, 2018 from S$1.6734 a year ago. Vicom also proposed a final dividend of 23.17 cents per share, higher than the 22.88 cents per share a year ago. To top if off, 2018's payout also comes with a special dividend of 8.62 cents; there was no special dividend payout a year ago. The dividends, if approved by shareholders at the annual general meeting on Apr 24, will be payable on May 10. Looking ahead, Vicom said: "Barring further drops in Certificate of Entitlement prices, the vehicle-testing business is expected to remain stable. We will continue to look at introducing new services in the non-vehicle testing business to mitigate any drop in demand resulting from the slowing Singapore economy." Vicom is two-thirds owned by transport company ComfortDelgro. Its shares closed unchanged at S$6.10 on Monday.