Filipino hero, physician, poet, novelist, and sculptor; b. at Calamba, Province of La Laguna, Luzon, 19 June, 1861; d. at Manila, 30 December, 1896. On his father's side he was descended from Lam-co, who came from China to settle in the Philippines in the latter part of the seventeenth century. His mother was of Filipino-Chinese-Spanish origin. Rizal studied at the Jesuit College of the Ateneo, Manila, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest honours before he had completed his sixteenth year. He continued his studies in Manila for four years and then proceeded to Spain, where he devoted himself to philosophy, literature, and medicine, with ophthalmology as a specialty. In Madrid he became a Freemason, and thus became associated with men like Zorilla, Sagasta, Castelar, and Balaguer, prominent in Spanish politics. Here and in France he began to imbibe the political ideas, which later cost him his life. In Germany he was enrolled as a law student in the University of Heidelburg and became acquainted with Virchow and Blumentritt. In Berlin was published his novel "Noli me tangere" (1886) characterized, perhaps too extravagantly, by W.D. Howells as "a great novel" written by one "born with a gift so far beyond that of any or all of the authors of our roaring literary successes." Several editions of the work were published in Manila and Spain. There is a French translation ("Bibliothèque sociologique", num 25, Paris, 1899), and two abbreviated English translations of little value: "An Eagle's Flight" (New York, 1900) and "Friars and Filipinos" (New York, 1902). The book satirizes the friars in the Philippines as well as the Filipinos. Rizal's animosity to the friars was largely of domestic origin. The friars were the landlords of a large hacienda occupied by his father; there was a vexatious litigation, and a few years later, by Weyler's order, soldiers destroyed the buildings on the land, and various members of the family were exiled to other parts of the Islands.
Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1887. After a stay of about six months he set out again for Europe, passing through Japan and the United States. In London he prepared his annotated edition of Morga's "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" which he completed in Paris (1890). In Belgium he published (Ghent, 1891; Manila, 1900) "El Filibusterismo", a sequel to "Noli me tangere". Its animus may be judged from its dedication to three Filipino priests who were executed for complicity in the Cavite outbreak of 1872. In 1891 he arrived in Hong Kong, where he practised medicine. The following year he came to Manila, but five days before his arrival a case was filed against him for "anti-religious and anti-patriotic propaganda". On 7 July the governor-general ordered Rizal's deportation to Mindanao. The reasons given were the finding in his baggage of leaflets, "satirizing the friars and tending to de-catholicize and so de-nationalize the people"; and the "publication of 'El Filibusterismo' dedicated to the memory of three traitors—condemned and executed by competent authority—and whom he hails as martyrs". Rizal spent four years in peaceful exile in Dapitan, Mindanao, when he volunteered his services to the governor to go to Cuba as a surgeon in the Spanish Army. The offer was accepted. When he arrived in Spain, he was arrested and brought back to Manila, where he was charged with founding unlawful associations and promoting rebellion, and sentenced to be shot.
Rizal had given up the practice of his religion long years before. But now he gladly welcomed the ministrations of the Jesuit Fathers, his former professors, and he wrote a retraction of his errors and of Masonry in particular. On the morning of his execution he assisted at two Masses with great fervour, received Holy Communion and was married to an Irish half-caste girl from Hong-King with whom he had cohabited in Dapitan. Almost the last words he spoke were to the Jesuit who accompanied him: "My great pride, Father, has brought me here." 30 December, the day of his execution, has been made a national holiday by the American Government and $50,000 appropriated for a monument to his memory; a new province, adjacent to Manila, is called Rizal; the two centavo postage stamp and two peso bill—the denominations in most common use—bear his picture. Whether he was unjustly executed or not, is disputed; his plea in his own defense is undoubtedly a strong one (cf. Retata). The year of his death was a year of great uprising in the Islands and feeling ran high. Whatever may be said about his sentence, its fulfillment was a political mistake. Rizal, it is said, did not favour separation from Spain, nor the expulsion of the friars. Nor did he wish to accomplish his ends—reforms in the Government—by revolutionary methods, but by the education of his countrymen and their formation to habits of industry.
MLA citation. Finegan, Philip. "José Mercado Rizal." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13094b.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by St. Mary's Catechetical Ministries. Dedicated to Eleanor Rivera for completion of Sacraments and Full Initiation into the Catholic Church.


Guy goes into a bar in Berwick, Louisiana where there's a robot bartender.
The guy says, "Whiskey," and the robot brings him his whiskey.
The robot then says, "What's your IQ?
Each of these very moving Budweiser commercials was aired only ONCE.
Budweiser is a class act!


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By Beverly Churchill
For Senior Voice
Protesters rally for state campaign finance reform
October 1, 2021 | View PDF
Courtesy Beverly Churchill
Protesters outside the Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Anchorage on Sept. 17.
On Sept. 17, a group met outside the Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Anchorage with Senator Bill Wielechowski to protest a recent decision by the 9th District Federal Court that would strike down several provisions of Alaska's campaign finance law.
The decision of the court strikes down three limits set by the law: a $500 per year, per person limit on contributions to a single candidate; a $500 per year per contribution to a political group; and a $3,000 per year limit on money donated to candidates from all out-of-state donors combined. A judge from the court called for a reconsideration of the decision and the state was asked to submit arguments on this reconsideration. Sen. Wielechowski had written a letter, signed by several other senators, to Governor Dunleavy asking him to please press for a reconsideration. Gov. Dunleavy would not.
The campaign finance law was passed in 1996 and reaffirmed by a citizens' initiative in 2006, the year Sen. Wielechowski was elected to the legislature, Wielechowski pointed out.
The year 2006 was also when FBI agents began investigating the Alaska legislature for taking bribes from the oil industry. By 2008, six Republican legislators had been indicted on corruption charges. The group became known as the "Corrupt Bastards Club".
The citizens who gathered in September were protesting the court's decision and are calling for the state legislature and for Congress to amend the U.S. Constitution to once again allow states to regulate money in political campaigns. Alaska Move to Amend organized the event. The group states their mission is to educate Alaskans on the issue of unlimited money in politics and why it is bad for our democracy, and to call for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Meanwhile, if the court's decision stands, it leaves open the opportunity for unlimited amounts of money to come from outside the state by wealthy donors, including multi-national corporations, putting Alaskan politics at great risk of corruption, according to Sen. Wielechowski.
Beverly Churchill is a member of Alaska Move to Amend, whose mission includes educating Alaskans on constitutional issues regarding personhood and money as a form of free speech. This article is part of a series on campaign finance reform.
Social Security COLA increase a mixed blessing
Alaska's first ranked choice election a success
The season of remembrance and giving thanks
Retirees with pensions energize rural Alaska
Clinical research in diverse communities

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Coldwell Banker Signature-Melfort we love two things! Helping people and real estate. We genuinly enjoy working with people to help anyway we can in the real estate world.
We are very excited to work with people in Melfort and area. Its a great community with great people. Please help us help you. Give us a call or stop in and lets talk.


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14 Essential Spices in Indian Cooking: The Complete Guide
Which Spices are Used in Indian Cuisine?
What are the essential spices in Indian cooking and how to use them? Find out in this detailed article, written by Srikant Singh, the author of the online course The Mastery of Spices.
Before I start this article, let me put a disclaimer, to call a Cuisine Indian would be a blasphemy, ignoring its diversity in food, culture and people. Broadly speaking the food is as diverse as the number of languages and dialects the country has, and that runs into thousands. India is a large diverse subcontinent that still excites those who wish to traverse through the deserts, lush fields, thick forests and rugged terrains of the country.
This country loves its food and since centuries it has embraced and loved every new spice she was introduced to. If the Indian kitchen were to be imagined as a collection of several Indian cuisines, the kitchen would look like a library of spices. The collection would be huge and where to begin would be the first question that would come to your mind. A deep desire to learn about spices and your curiosity to know them better has brought you here, so let me begin with the essentials.
Here are the most essential spices that you need to have in your kitchen if you are beginning to explore the Indian cuisine.
First are the FOUR MOST ESSENTIAL SPICES that are a must have in an Indian kitchen.
1. Coriander or Dhania :
Most people think of cilantro leaves when they come across the word coriander. In Indian cooking when we talk about coriander as a spice, it's the seeds that we are talking about.
Coriander seeds vary in size and color depending on its variety and there are two main ones, European and Indian. European Coriander seeds are larger and are considered to be more flavorful, however the Indian coriander seeds are marginally smaller, lighter in color with a greenish tint and has a unique lemony flavor to it.
The Spice is a small pod with two seeds in it and it holds its true aroma like many other whole spices like a secret treasure. It is only when the whole coriander is roasted it's true lemony flavor emerges. Precisely for this reason it is recommended to buy the whole spice and roast and grind on demand, only enough to last a few days. The finer the powder the more uniform its flavor will be. When added to the curry, it imparts to it an earthy, citrus, floral and nutty flavor. Coriander powder thickens the curry and adds sweetness to it, it evens out the flavor from other spices that were added to the dish. The spice is also a major ingredient in many spice mixes like Garam Masala, Sambar Masala.
2. Cumin or Jeera :
This spice is commonly known as Jeera in India, but most people confuse it with fennel, black cumin and caraway seeds. To clear out the fog, if you walk into any spice store, any respectable spice merchant will know what Jeera is. Depending on the country of origin, cumin comes in varying sizes, flavor and aroma.
The Cumin seeds preferred in the Indian kitchens is the Indian Jeera. It is much larger and more flavorful than the other varieties.
Just like coriander, you will know the true aroma of Jeera when it is roasted. Roasting spice is an art and roasting Jeera is a work of patience. The darker the roast the more bitter it is, and it's used as a seasoning in yoghurt based dishes or the popular Indian street foods. Jeera is an excellent digestive and its dark ground roast is often consumed with plain yogurt at the end of a meal. Most kitchens in India roast and grind a week's worth of Jeera on their own.
Jeera is used whole and in powdered form. It is also a main ingredient in popular spice blends such as Garam Masala and Panch Phoran, Jal jeera and chaat masala. When used in combination with coriander powder for making curry, the ratio is usually 2 parts coriander powder and one part Jeera powder. It is used to temper the lentils and to flavor the oil in which vegetables or rice are cooked.
3. Chilli
Until the Portuguese arrived at the Indian shores, black pepper was the mainstay in Indian kitchens to make the food hot. Today though, Chili is an integral part of every Indian kitchen and it varies in heat from mild to very hot. They are used in several forms: fresh green chili, dried red chili, dried and ground red chili. Fresh red chili is hardly ever used in Indian cuisine.
The ghost chili or Naga Jolokia, dubbed as one of the hottest chilis in the world is used in some cuisines in the North eastern cuisines of India, but is unknown to the rest of the country.
Guntur chili, Byadagi chili, Mathania Red chilli, Kashmiri chilli are other popular varieties. Chilis also come in various shapes and sizes. They can be round, long or conical and can have varying lengths. Some have a smooth skin while some varieties can have a wrinkly texture.
Some cuisines and spice mixes demand for a certain type of chilli to be used and not all chilis are created equal. For example Kasmiri chili is mildly spicy but imparts a bright red color to the food. But Kashmiri red chili is a rare commodity and what you will most often see in the market is a blend and not true Kashmiri chili powder.
Most manufacturers sell their chilli powder as blends of two or three different varieties of chili. Different brands are popular in different markets. In some parts the color of the chilli powder plays an important role while in others the heat is most valued.
Since grinding chili is not a recommended amateur sport, people buy ground red chili powder of their preferred brand from the market.
If making fresh chilli flakes is your passion then always prefer the chili with a thicker skin.
Turmeric is a spice that has the holy status in Indian kitchens. It's used both as a home remedy and in everyday cooking. Turmeric is one of the few indigenous spices of India and grows in various parts of India. The varieties differ in the amount of curcumin with a range of 3 to 7%. The higher the amount of curcumin the more color it imparts, the greater is its healing property and the more valuable it is.
Fresh Turmeric is essentially a rhizome and its shape resembles that of ginger, however there are also much rounder varieties available. In everyday cooking though fresh turmeric is hardly ever used. Turmeric roots are dried and then ground into a fine powder and in everyday cooking turmeric powder is always preferred over the fresh one. Almost all Indian dishes use Turmeric, it imparts an earthy, astringent flavor to the food and bright yellow color.
Fresh Turmeric is on the other hand higher in curcumin content and therefore used mainly as medicine or to prepare Golden milk.
There are also some exquisite varieties of Turmeric like the Black Turmeric or the Mango turmeric but these are exotic ingredients and deserve their own space for discussion. One thing you must remember though is that in cooking, you cannot interchange yellow turmeric with any other rare type turmeric.
Download the Visual Spice Guide, to learn the basics of cooking with spices.
Apart from the four above mentioned essential spices, there are more fragrant spices that are used in the Indian kitchen:
5. Cassia Stick Dalchini :
If you have ever eaten an Indian Rice delicacy called Biryani and have found a piece of stick in it, lift it with your fingers and very gently taste it with the tip of your tongue. It might send you mixed signals about your fondness towards it. This spice gives the rich aroma and flavor to many rich aromatic dishes and is a must have ingredient in garam masala..
It is also used for making curries that have meat as it very nicely masks the smell of the meat. The spice also gives a very nice stock flavor to the soups and lentils.
This is a spice that is often sold as cinnamon. The fact is that the cassia comes from cinnamomum cassia whereas true cinnamon comes from cinnamomum verum plant. They are of the same botanical family but are different spices. Both cassia and cinnamon look the same to an untrained eye. Cassia is much sweeter and much stronger in flavor.
Both cinnamon and cassia are barks of the tree but cinnamon is a roll of layers of very thinly sliced bark. Cassia on the other hand are sold in broken dark brown pieces of bark or rolls of the lighter inner bark that are not layered. In Indian cooking, however, cassia is used more than cinnamon.
The common question people have is "Which of the two is better" and the answer is it depends on how and what purpose one is using it for
6. Tejpat, Indian BayLeaf :
When Indian recipes started to get popular one of the ingredients of the recipe would be written as "bay leaf". The result was not so spectacular, often because the bay leaves that they were putting in the Indian dishes were out of sync with the rest of the aromatic, sweeter spices like cardamom and clove. It even surprised many Indians who had set foot abroad for the first time often wondering why this leaf looks so different, tastes so different and still called bay leaf.
Indian bay leaf is actually called Tejpat, literally translating to a sharp tasting leaf. It is the leaf of the cassia plant and has a very warming taste, something that is a great mix of clove and cinnamon. Apart from being a very popular ingredient in Ayurvedic medicine, it is liberally used in day to day cooking. It is also a very inexpensive spice which also explains its popularity. The plant grows in tropical and humid climates and is a popular spice in the Northern region of India. The leaf is always bloomed in oil in which the food is cooked.
If you happen to find this leaf in your plate, ideally you must suck it thoroughly without chewing it and then discard and you would have earned your place in the local tribe.
7. Ajwain, Carom Seeds :
When the soul of Thyme went on a world trip it seems like it left its footprint in certain spices. Ajwain and thyme are not the same plant, yet people often get them mixed up. They look slightly similar, they even have this sharp piercing taste. One third of the volatile oil present in Ajwain is Thymol, which is the oil present in Thyme.
The Spice Ajwain must also not be confused with celery seeds. Ajwain deserves its own place in the kitchen and your medicine cabinet. If you are new to eating beans and lentils and if you are on a hunt for homemade gastric disorder remedies, this simple spice is your find. It is used as an effective home remedy against bloating and other gastric disorders. Owing to its powerful digestive qualities it is used in cooking extensively.
8. Green Cardamom :
The queen of Indian spices Green cardamom is distinctively the most aromatic of all spices. If you chew a pod and enter a public space you will get some kind of stares, secretly hoping that you would tell them the secret of your fragrant breath. Green cardamom is green and if you come across Black cardamom which is much bigger then you must understand that these are two different spices from two different plants.
They are both pods with seeds in them, which probably explains their same last names. The spice is a major ingredient in Garam masala and is used extensively when the intent is to make a very aromatic dish, be it savory or sweet. Green cardamom can be used whole or its seeds can be used in crushed and ground form. It is almost always used in every single Indian sweet dish. The aroma gives the food a touch of royalty and elegance. At home this spice is used on special occasions owing to the fact that the spice is much more expensive than its other aromatic companions.
9. Tamarind :
Long before Tomatoes became popular in India, many locally available souring spices were used and Tamarind is one such spice. Although the spice is available and known throughout India, it's most extensively used in the Southern States of the Indian peninsula. It's also a popular spice in South East Asian countries.Tamarind is a fruit of the tamarind tree and when unripe, it resembles green beans, just thicker ones.
Different countries process it differently when the Tamarind fruit is ripe. In some countries they are deshelled, deseeded and made into a paste. However in the Southern states of India they are deshelled and sundried. The sweet and tangy flavor of Tamarind is unmatched and unique. South Indian foods like Idli and Dosa are always served with Sambar. This Spicy lentil soup is soured with Tamarind extract. Tamarind's tangy flavor is a must in several Indian street foods, pickles and chutneys.
10. Fenugreek Seeds :
The spice has the word Greek in it but no one in present day Greece have probably heard of it. Known commonly as Methi in India, this inexpensive, nutritious and flavorful spice will almost always be a part of every kitchen in most parts of India.
To an untrained eye they look no different than tiny uniformly colored stones and biting them will leave a bitter after taste in your mouth.
It is probably to remind us that not everything that tastes like cardamom and clove is a spice. Fenugreek is a tribe in its own right and its use has to be justified, too much of it in a dish and you will make the food bitter. The fenugreek seeds are used in Panch Phoran, Sambar Masala and it's also one of the prime ingredients in Indian pickles. The seed when soaked in water softens and then both the water and the seeds are ground together with lentils and rice to prepare Idli dosa batter. The seeds can also be sprouted and added to your salads. The earthy flavor and aroma of this spice is only realized when it blooms in oil or hot water.
Fenugreek, just like Turmeric, occupies the shelf as a healing spice. It helps in reducing flatulence, greatly helps in reducing blood sugar, used in many home remedies for cough. The spice is also popular amongst nursing mothers as it boosts lactation.
11. Mustard Seeds :
There isn't a kitchen in India that will not have mustard seeds in its spice box. But Mustard seeds come in three varieties: brown, black and yellow. Yellow mustard is sweeter and less pungent than the other two. Black mustard seeds are smaller in size and are the most pungent of all.
Black mustard and brown mustard often get substituted for each other but for those recipes that demand yellow mustard, there can be no substitute.
Yellow mustard seed is a major spice in the Bengali cuisine. Brown and black mustard seeds find their use in several spice mixes from Southern India and in Panch Phoran.
The spice can be bloomed in a hot medium like oil to release its nutty flavor. When achieving pungency in a dish is the main goal then this spice needs to be ground in a mortar and pestle into a fine paste along with sharp tasting herbs like garlic, ginger and green chilli. The brown mustard seeds are also used to extract Mustard oil – a favorite cooking oil in the Eastern parts of India.
This is an inexpensive and humble spice but is not short on both flavoring the food and it's invaluable healing properties.
12. Curry Leaf :
To many, curry leaves are an ingredient in a recipe and not a spice, mainly because in India it's mostly used fresh and quite literally straight out of the tree branches. Technically all spices are dry seeds, herbs, fruits, flowers and leaves. And this is where fresh curry leaves will not get classified as a spice in India. However, it's dried and sold as a spice in parts of the world where the tree can't grow.
Curry leaf is rightly spelled as Kadi leaf or Kadi Patta. Kadi means bitter and patta means leaf. To know why someone would use a bitter tasting spice in food, you will actually have to try using it. Once you have had a taste of it in food, you might actually find a new meaning to the phrase "Leaving a bitter taste in mouth".
The unique flavor of this spice is unlocked when it is bloomed in oil along with black mustard seeds and red chilli. It is used extensively in the southern indian cuisines. It is used to flavor the oil in which the food is cooked or to temper an already cooked dish. Until cooking was made popular on the internet, few people from the Northern part of India knew about this spice or herb. These days it is a popular tree in the backyards or mini gardens of houses across the country. Curry leaves won't be found in spice shops in India. People get it from the trees in the neighborhood or as a complement from the local vegetable vendor.
This spice is so popular in Southern India that almost no dish is complete without its addition. Like several spices, curry leaf improves digestion, contains several essential vitamins and it's a popular home remedy for treating an upset stomach.
13. Black Pepper :
It is one of the few spices that originate in India and most abundantly in the Malabar coast of Kerala and the tropical rainforests of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. To clear out the confusion, white, red and green pepper are all but the pepper from the same plant. What changes their color is the processing. I explain it in great detail in my online course The Mastery of Spices.
Pepper is used abundantly around the world. In India it's used most regularly in the state of Kerala, where almost every dish will have some peppercorns in them. Before the chili plants were introduced in India, pepper was what gave the heat to the food. Pepper is not just a spice, it's valued also for its medicinal properties. Several popular spice blends will use pepper in varied amounts. Pepper in Indian food is always consumed in its dry form and white, red or green pepper in India is a rarity, if not unknown.
14. Asafoetida – Hing :
This is a spice that's, mostly, not produced in India, but India is its largest consumer. There are communities in India that don't eat garlic and önions. Asafoetida helps fill in that gap in taste. Lentils and beans are also consumed in India everyday. Tempering the food with Asafoetida helps in digestion and reduces flatulence.
Hing or Asafoetida is a resin from a plant and is commonly available in the markets in powdered form, usually mixed with fenugreek powder, wheat flour or turmeric. For those who are experts at using it, they prefer to buy the spice in its purest form, which looks just like a grey lump of clay. This is a spice that should be kept away from other spices, its odor is contagious and can steal the aroma of other spices. It should also be kept in a closed airtight container. It's used in powdered form in spice blends like Sambar masala, but its most common use is in tempering lentil soups where it makes a profoundly pleasant difference to the taste and aroma of the food.
Download and learn more about our short visual guide which explains how to start out with spices in your kitchen here.
How to Cook with Spices and Herbs: Visual Guide for Beginners
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Tags:Indian cuisinespices


The North Platte River is one of Colorado's last remaining free-flowing white water rivers and offers up remote wilderness scenery and a great combination of fast-paced rapids and mild water. Crowds are non-existent on this gem of a river, making wildlife viewings frequent and the feeling of isolation amplified. This river is an outstanding choice for early season rafting adventure.
The North Platte River begins as a trickle in the mountains surrounding Walden, Colorado and flows north through the Northgate Wilderness Area. The North Platte is one of Colorado's best-kept secrets and one of Colorado's only remaining free-flowing white water rivers. This white water gem combines untracked wilderness with an abundance of Colorado's finest rapids to deliver an outstanding early season adventure.
The canyon begins near the border of Colorado and Wyoming where the river spills from its source in North Park. Completely inaccessible, the "gate" of Northgate Canyon stymied French trappers in their upstream efforts to reach North Park. The French Trappers named the North Platte 'Riviere de Plat', meaning "Flat River". That name characterizes much of the rivers 618 mile course before joining the South Platte River in Nebraska. Early travelers on the Oregon Trail followed it to near the present day town of Casper, Wyoming. They considered it too shallow to float, too deep to ford, and too wide to bridge.
This river would have surprised those pioneers had they followed it into the mountains. It is here, deep in the Medicine Bow Mountains, that we will float the river as it is turned on edge.
The North Platte is located west of Fort Collins and east of Steamboat Springs near Walden, Colorado. It is also within easy driving distance of Laramie, Wyoming.
Paddle fast-paced rapids and take in the rugged remote scenery of the North Platte River on this full day adventure. Depart near Walden, CO close to the CO/WY border and tackle ten miles of fantastic whitewater. Suitable for those ages 10+ and all skill levels, raft from late May-June. Join us on this wonderful adventure into the wilderness!
The fast-paced North Platte River runs wild and free as the high mountain snow melts in late May-June. Rarely visited and full of wildlife, you will raft the stunningly beautiful and isolated stretch of river from Colorado into Wyoming near Walden, CO. This 2 Day trip is suitable for all skill levels and kids ages 10+.
Fast-paced, fun and splashy rapids dot this remote wilderness section of the North Platte River.
Peaceful and packed with abundant wildlife, this section of the North Platte makes for a wonderful float trip.
The North Platte River is in the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest and is managed by U.S. Forest Service.
Permit Details: No fee of any kind is required to float the river within the National Forest on public lands.
If shuttle service is available, information is listed under the specific section page.
Our North Platte River trips meet at Routt Access area near Walden, CO.
Complete lists of what to bring, what we provide, where to meet, policies, rental costs and info.
Lydia filled us with confidence. She was skilled and knowledgeable and explained each set of rapids so we knew what to expect. She was great company and we had the best experience. She was brilliant.
I cannot wait to come back! Also loved how funny all the guides were. It was the most I've seen my sister laugh in a long time! Thank you so much for this amazing experience.
I spent several days researching various rafting options and after speaking w/your team was sold. We were not disappointed-the trip is spectacular and our guide Sean was informative, lively professional and entertaining.


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American Airlines Pilot Says Their New Lavatory is "The Most Miserable Experience in the World'
During an airline Q&A session with employees on Monday, one pilot asked American Airlines President Robert Isom whether it's possible to change 'the production line' so that American's new 737 MAX planes can have seat back video for customers.
Another pilot though says "the biggest complaint is not the lack of entertainment" although "having a stack of 10 basic tablets that do nothing but wifi for a small fee might help mitigate those 10% that don't bring their own devices. ..The biggest complaint on the '73.. Have you actually been on the 73?"
American's CEO Doug Parker thinks it's weird that I broke the news he said he hasn't flown the new 737 MAX even though it's the carrier's new standard domestic product for the whole fleet.
American's President Robert Isom though declared, "I have."
The pilot then asked, "Have you been to the lavatories on the aft portion of the aircraft?"
And Isom replied, "I have."
That's when the pilot offered this indictment of the aircraft and its lavatories,
It's the most miserable experience in the world and everybody I've ever talked to that had to fly on this thing… Alaska Airlines has a 737-800 as we do and has 4 lavatories. We have 3.
Now you've added 12 more seats, no more lavatories, and you've shrunk that lavatory to 75% the size that it was before.
I can't turn around in it. The sink is the most miserable thing going, and you cram those people in those little tiny seats you just bragged about to the point that I can't sit back there. As a crew member if I ever have to deadhead back there I'll refuse because it's just not practical.
I think you need to have you and Parker and everybody sit back in the last row of the 737 on a long flight and see what it's like to use those lavatories…that's the biggest complaint I get is those lavatories.. there's 160 [economy] passengers for 2 lavatories on 5 hour flights..
Isom said he "flew it up from Miami to New York and sat in one of the last rows and made sure I understood what customers were going through and what our team had to deal with as well."
He then launched into a defense of the aircraft noting the larger overhead bins as well as inflight entertainment, "those are things that are different and allow us to serve customers in a way that we haven't before."
American has gotten a lot of attention for reducing the space between seats down from a former standard 31 inches in economy to just 30. However "the seats themselves I can tell you" Isom says, "they do match up in terms of overall customers space because of the way that we've designed those seats we are given an equivalent amount of space as on other aircraft types." I generally agree with this although the due to the lack of padding in the seats I wouldn't want to fly in them for three hours.
Isom explains the economics of it thusly,
The real estate that makes up the cabin is really valuable. The way we take a look at it right now we think we have a mix of main cabin extra and first class and economy that makes sense for the airline but these are things we take a look at always and make sure we adjust appropriately.
And today there is a real drive within the industry and with the traveling public to want to have really at the end of the day low cost seats. And we've got to be cognizant of what's out there in the marketplace and what people want to pay.
The fastest growing airlines in the United States Spirit and Frontier. Most profitable airlines in the United States Spirit. We have to be cognizant of the marketplace and that real estate that's how we make our money.
We don't want to make decisions that ultimately put us at a disadvantage, we'd never do that.We also want to be mindful of there are tweaks that can be made nothing is ever permanent.
They squeeze seats because people want low prices. They're going to compete for the bottom of the market, rather than focusing on generating a revenue premium. I'd note as well that first class and main cabin extra have less room in American's new configuration as well — not just standard coach.
And we're stuck with the small lavatories ("hey I can't take those lavs out") although they've been willing to tweak them "in terms of accessibility and in terms of faucet pressure" so the water hitting the small sinks doesn't splatter up on each passenger, hitting them all over the front of their shirts.
American Airlines 737 Max 8 Routes (a.k.a Routes You Should Avoid) says:
[…] View From The Wing has been great at shining a spotlight on the experience this aircraft provides and the following quote, attributed to an American Airlines pilot, is from that blog: […]
United's Order for Planes with *Fewer* Seats, Explained - Point Me to the Plane says:
[…] An airline ordering new planes and installing fewer seats sounds like a cruel joke in the era of 'slimline' lavatories. Thanks to very restrictive pilot scope clauses, United is maxed out on the number of 76-seat […]
American Airlines Adds Yet More Uncomfortable Flights Out Of Miami says:
Oman Air continues to embrace its roots with 737 MAX experience - Runway GirlRunway Girl says:
[…] dissatisfaction over the small loo in the MAX, saying it was only 75% the size of the 737-800 lav, as reported by View From The Wing. He called it the "most miserable thing going," and said he couldn't even turn around in the […]
American Airlines President: Squeezing More Seats Into Boeing 737s Is "A Real Success" - View from the Wing says:
[…] Less legroom and less underseat storage space in first class, harder seats with less padding, and the elimination of the cabin divider between first and coach. Fewer Main Cabin Extra seats, and the ones that remain have less space than before and less comfortable chairs. Tighter coach than ever before, with just 30 inches from seat back to seat back. American compensates for reduced space by also reducing padding in the seats and reducing seat recline. Squeezing more seats in, partly by reducing the space between seats and partly by shrinking the size of the lavatories, one American Airlines pilot called these new lavatories the most miserable experience in the world. […]
New Lavatory Innovation May Be Coming To Two U.S. Airlines - View from the Wing says:
[…] Stealing inches out of the lavatory helps airlines cram another row of seats into the plane. The new smaller lavatories some airlines have been using on narrowbody aircraft have been called "the most miserable experience in the world." […]
I will be going out of my way to avoid this aircraft. This is also why I love the newer regional jets. Big bins for a rolling luggage, much better ratios for both the lavatories and first class, quick to get on/off, and large enough to not get tossed around too badly by turbulence.
James K. says:
What a disgrace
RF says:
Preach on pilot! Robert Isom is an idiot just like Doug Parker.
AA is actively driving customers away.
"there's 160 [economy] passengers for 2 lavatories on 5 hour flights" = American's President Robert Isom absolutely couldn't care less about how negatively this impacts the passengers and crew. The absolutely only thing that matters is how he can increase the company profits so that he can maximize his bonus. Short term gain for a fast buck. What is sad is that the extra bonus money to him ultimately is nothing but numbers on a bank account – it's not like he's going to use it to feed him family. Just making more money for the sake of making more money, regardless of who it negatively impacts.
"He then launched into a defense of the aircraft noting the larger overhead bins as well as inflight entertainment" = typical political evasive maneuver: change the subject when you can't defend it.
Absolutely disgusting.
It would be a Monty Python scene if it still existed. Who would imagine that anyone would consider this attractive to customers? You're telling them you're going to make them as miserable as possible for hours, and that it's supposed to be clever as a ploy to get them to buy up – as though one would buy a better model refrigerator because the lower priced one is designed to fall over on them? Hello? And as long as their are alternatives, any person who's not a masochist would walk.
This predicted Fat Dougie Parker the repulsive sadist in a leather thong with red hot poker:
omatravel says:
2 years ago I went out of my way to fly AA. Now I actively avoid them.
If I have to pay more for a better experience, I will and it will be on another carrier.
Mike L says:
I understand where he's coming from, but it's only a short time (imo) before the general public will start catching on to Spirit/Frontier/Allegiant's pricing model. What he SHOULD be doing is trying to emulate the Southwest business model. Southwest has build a fiercely loyal customers by actually having customer-friendly policies. They also cut out the commissions since you can only book fares on their website.
I've been on the Alaska MAX, and the lav's are small on those. In F and Y. I did not know that there's only 3 lavs on the AA version though. I hope it's a long time before I find out in person.
Edward Lane says:
"He then launched into a defense of the aircraft noting the larger overhead bins as well as inflight entertainment."
It's hard to imagine how those overhead bins are going to compensate for the lack of lavatories. Come to think of it, I don't even want to try.
FH says:
I used to only fly legacy carriers. They've destroyed the in-flight experience and now I consider flying the LCCs which I would never fly before. They've always been cheaper but now that they are regularly 50% of the cost of AA and United and the experience is just as terrible I will consider Frontier and Spirit. I also don't have to connect through hubs anymore. I'm a 100k frequent flier and they have permanently lost me with the garbage seats and same fares.
dmg says:
I've been on the Alaska MAX, and the lav's are small on those. In F and Y. I did not know that there's only 3 lavs on the AA version though."
I fly often, as many out here do. It is not unusual to find a lavatory on an aircraft – out of service –
With only three lavatories for so many people on long flights, I have to ask – What could management at AA be thinking (or not thinking)? Greed?
Nick Holland says:
I'm with all the rest, I am searching diligently to avoid this plane altogether, even if it means I have to go out of my way to avoid it!
I will not fly the new newly refurbished AA triple sevens from LAX to Narita… 10 across in economy is deeply painful. All American Airlines executives should have to fly from the US to Asia once a month in economy on the 777.
StogieGuy7 says:
Like most people here, I fly a lot – though it's usually domestic. And, I'm a pretty big guy so I need some legroom. Southwest is my "go to" carrier of choice as my business trips are often last-minute affairs and my company would never pop for business class. I still get a great seat with them because I'm A-list Preferred, which adds to my bias. However, sometimes they don't fly where or when I need to go. That's when the legacy airlines come in. I used to be platinum on AA but have noticed the magically decreasing pitch in their equipment over the years. It's gotten to the point where I literally can't fit my legs into many of American's economy seats. Being based in the Chicago area, that prompted a switch to United. Though not great, at least I can survive the trip without feeling tortured, and sometimes they even upgrade me to economy plus.
I wonder how many other customers are not so price conscious as to be forced to be treated like veal in the back? Although I'm not someone who can freely pop for first class on Emirates or Cathay, I will gladly pay a few extra bucks not to suffer a miserably uncomfortable trip on equipment such as AA's new 737MAX. Frankly, it's not really much more money to get an extra 2 or 3 inches of pitch on WN or elsewhere. And that's how AA lost my business – because they're racing for the bottom and I don't care to go along for the ride.
While that lav isn't as large as older aircraft, I don't actually think it's as bad it's being advertised.
If anything, that little sink provides a bit more space towards the back than some aircraft I've been on prior to this design.
Alaska has these on some of their aircraft, but they also have generous pitch compared to some of these other airlines, so I really don't mind. I might spend a few minutes in the lav compared to my seat.
Simom says:
Former EXP here. My last AA flight was November 9th. I'm so happy to be gone. The airline is an embarrassment. I still fly a ton and pay for premium cabins, just never on AA, which is the worst airline in the domestic marketplace, bar none.
Gary – you should look into the affect that JetBlue Mint on FLL-California is having on AA's MIA-California routes. Through the grapevine I've heard it's been significant and that AA has been surprised by how quickly Mint has established itself in Miami and driven away revenue. MIA-LAX especially is a notoriously premium heavy route due to the media industry ties the two cities share.
WilliamC says:
Congratulations, Mr. Isom.
You reached your level of incompetence, and you are beginning to believe your own press releases.
As if you need another reason not to fly American. Isom is a moron along with the entire AA leadership. I loved flying AA since the late 80's. Great crews and aircraft. The customer was always first. Always. And that mattered and we paid a premium for that.
When the president of a company thinks his cabin space on a lousy 737 is more important than the customer sitting in it, it's just a matter of time until AA is done. Sad. Terrible leadership of a once great brand.
Econ101 says:
Isom doesn't even know basic economics when he says "Most profitable airlines in the United States Spirit". Spirit returns 6.95% for each dollar of assets it has, but "bags fly free" Southwest returns a superior 8.92%. I'd rather get 9% for my dollar than 7%.
Oh, Spirit has higher "margins"? Sure, but irrelevant, as it's so inefficient in generating revenues for each dollar of assets it has.
Think of it of two identical stores, each costing the same amount of money to set up and selling the same widgets. Store A has a 10% margin and successfully sells widgets for $100; store B sells the same number of widgets at a mere 8% margin, but for $150 each. Which one would you rather own? "High margin" store A nets you $10, yet store B nets you $12. Store B is obviously a superior store to own, or lend to. In the airline industry, store B is Southwest, store A is Spirit.
To complete the picture, DAL gets 8.67% out of each dollar of assets, ALK 8.28%, JBLU 6.54%; AAL at 5.81% only barely beats UAL's 5.57%. You can look these up on Yahoo! Finance or other finance sites.
Ramachandran N says:
Wjhy have a tete-a-tete for feedback. You can as well do without. Larger overhead bins and better
inflight entertainment can hardly compensate for the lack of Toilets. When one needs to urgently pee he or she can hardly control it by looking at the overhead bin or watching the inflight entertainment and wait to eternity at the toilet entrance!!!!
Qantas has improved it services through retraining of their staff, offering better inflight service and comfortable seating with good legroom.
The compete with the LCC buy making their product far superior to the LCC instead of going down to the LCC standard. Qantas is making record profits because people pay for comfort and service.
The lounges i used in the UD were appalling compared to the standard of lounges here. Good food is available here and not for purchase but included in the lounge visit on domestic services.
David Flaherty says:
I've been a customer of AA since 1950's. I've complained to the Schmucks who run AA but no reply and they seem not to listen to anyone. They're misguided as to what the customers really want and they could care less about comfort and service on both domestic and international flights. Since I've already booked my next flight on American this will be my last ever. A company has gone so far downhill it's unbelievable. How the president and CEO of this company ever got into this position only the board of directors know. Tight leg space, poor food, uncomfortable seats, unbearable lavatories, and they think this is the answer to their declining sales. Stay away from American as they cannot even hold your toilet paper.
Mr D says:
Let me "go there". With the continued obesity epidemic in the West, I cannot see how any corporate mandarin could, in any good faith, see clear to installing these wretched things.
I am "average" sized — about 5'11" and an athletic 175 pounds: people, I am here to tell you it is DAMN NEAR IMPOSSIBLE to………. uh………. properly "position the body" (read between the lines) to anything more serious than urinating or touching up the make up.
These toilets are HORRIBLY CRAMPED. We recently flew one of the "densified" 737s, and everyone in our party (athletic men & women between 5'6″ and 6'0″) wondered how the hell does anyone other than a child or diminutive adult dispatch themselves to properly do their business in those claustrophobic contraptions. SILLY SILLY SILLY!
DFWSteve says:
No sense in fighting AA. The whole AA experience steadily devalues. Decided to migrate to UA when possible. From DFW it means a connection via IAH, DEN or ORD. I'll live with that. Joined the UA lounge, booked my next 3 flights on UA. This 3 MM AA ExPlat just finally gave up. Off to United I go.
Bob Fleck says:
Of all the legacy carriers AA has become my least favorite and when given any options I will avoid AA with a passion. What a sad state of affairs.
Steve Carney says:
All of the new equipment on SW have the exact same lavs. Screaming bloody murder may affect designs on future models but it won't change what we have today.
Bill Klein-Reed says:
What are the ADA requirements for airplane bathrooms? Seems like being so small, with limited mobility these bathrooms wouldn't comply with regulations?
I feel your pain! Good luck with UNITED. Polaris aside, the product is old and "tired"……. the staff are old, surly and "tired"……. and the rudeness visited upon me and a travelling companion ex Newark Liberty both flying International First (or whatever they call it) confirmed I'd sooner travel with a second or third tier airline than deal with such RUBBISH. #ThanksButNoThanks
Steven M says:
"They squeeze seats because people want low prices. They're going to compete for the bottom of the market, rather than focusing on generating a revenue premium."
This is exactly right. Or as an AA flight attendant put it from her jump seat when speaking to me during landing in SFO on Saturday: "It's Greyhound." I concurred with her; people are ok with Greyhound in the sky so long as it's cheap. I'll stick with the A321 transcon.
john sheridan says:
Why are the front lavatories not available to all?
loungeabuser says:
Even Polaris is outdated.
As to the bathrooms, I wonder how many times pilots will land early due to a reeking smell from someone missing the toilet.
MINT, I love you.
AlexS says:
Haven't flown an AA in ages..and it looks like that trend will continue. B6/DL/WN for me… and for my office since all of the travel planning and booking somehow became part of my job.
The Kettles can fly AA and UA.
Also, a nice thumbs-up for the pilot for speaking up. These days it often feels like the pilots are the only ones who give a rip about pax on domestic flights. GAs, FAs certainly don't.
Flushing says:
@steve –Hmmm. So where are all the idiotic posts saying I'll never fly Southwest again because the lavs are too small?
Really, for a group of frequent flyers, the post here seem pretty amateur. It would be like folks boycotting a restaurant because they didn't like the toilet paper in the restroom. Pro tip: don't choose your next flight based on the lavs.
The airline business has become a commodity business. It's really no different than buying gas or milk. It all comes down to price.
Think about what happened to United, after the passenger was dragged off a regional jet at O'Hare. Bookings dropped for a short time. Then, they returned to normal.
People say that they would pay a higher fare for more legroom, on-board meals, and the like. But, the fact that airplanes are departing full, and airlines are making money, shows that people aren't foregoing air travel.
And, let's not forget that a lot of people have no choice, because their employers have contracts with the legacy carriers. No Fortune 500 company is about to sign a contract with the likes of Frontier and Spirit. The road warriors would revolt with the lack of first class upgrades and other elite F/F benefits (going to first class check-in, priority boarding, reduced membership fees for clubs, etc.).
I haven't flown on a 737MAX or 737NG with the higher-capacity seating, but it can't be as bad as a Canadair 700 on a 2:45 flight. Even sitting in the first row of coach (Main Cabin Extra) the seat is so narrow, and the overhead is so small, that you feel like a sardine.
I hate to say this, but seatback entertainment for domestic flights will disappear. A couple of years ago, I heard anchors on ESPN talking about a flight where one anchor sat with a United vice president on a flight to Chicago. United knows that the vast majority of people travel with a smartphone, tablet, and/or laptop, bringing their own content (music and video). The seatbacks are seeing less and less use. It was starting to be apparent that putting a library of music, TV shows, and movies into the WiFi system was the future. Besides cutting weight (screens and "boxes" under the seats, it also meant more under-seat storage.
I've known for years that a bigger bag fits under and MD-80 seat, when compared to a 737 or 777 with seatback entertainment.
Kelcy says:
Ison goes: " We don't want to make decisions that ultimately put us at a disadvantage, we'd never do that." The decisions they're making are putting them at a disadvantage.
People who really want a cheap flight will pick a budget airline like Spirit. But non-budget airlines competing with budget airlines so fearlessly is good for noone.
There are still people who value space and will pay for it. They can only cram so many people in a plane. They will reach that limit and lose all their customers in the process.
Donald Smith says:
As Marie Antoinette stated when told that the poor people were starving because they had no bread, "Let them eat cake!". An American Airlines exec stated recently that seats with less pitch were more comfortable. Airline execs are drunk with power, out of touch with reality and focused only on profit.
How sad . No inflight movies anymore — no great meals — crappy "slimline" seats — and toilet / cabin space reduced to nothing , really . The wave of the future
Journeying John says:
British Airways customers dream of such expansive space and luxuries and yes, they use their densified fleet for midhaul inc 5+hrs…
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LadyOlives on New York – Warsaw Passenger Banned For Taking Off "Panties And Pants" Urinating On Plane Door


text:
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Taylor "Just Duléa" Duckett
Kayla Rodriguez
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Adaeze Okoli
Click each title for purchase information.
Elohi Unitsi: Poems [2013 - 2018] by Dee Allen.
About the Book: YOU'RE THE SEVENTH GENERATION. TAKE GOOD CARE OF HER. SHE'S THE ONLY MOTHER WE ALL HAVE.
In the language of the Tsalagi Nation, the phrase Elohi Unitsi means "Mother Earth." Oakland, CA performance poet Dee Allen. shows respect for our planet in his fifth poetry collection. The innate beauty, the consistent harm from humans, and occasional travels to nature unfurl inside its printed pages. Elohi Unitisi is a look at the environment most people take for granted - the elements, forests, deserts, canyons, plants, food, animals, and the indigenous people of the land - from the eyes of an inner city Black man.
About the Author: Dee Allen. is an African-Italian performance poet based in Oakland, California. Active on the creative writing & Spoken Word tips since the early 1990s, he is the author of four books, Boneyard, Unwritten Law, Stormwater, and Skeletal Black, all from POOR Press, and has had twenty-four anthology appearances including Poets 11: 2014, Feather Floating On The Water, Rise, Your Golden Sun Still Shines, What Is Love, The City Is Already Speaking, The Land Lives Forever, Extreme and Civil Liberties United.
This title is available on Amazon.com and the Conviction 2 Change Store.
Cover Design: KDL Creative Consulting
Editor: Align Editorial
Author Dee Allen.
All My Random Thoughts in a Book by Jewell Coleman
About the Book: Dear Reader, All My Random Thoughts in a Book is just that…all my random, transparent, thoughts. These poems are my life experiences on paper, the ups and downs, the good, the bad, and the heartbreaking.This book highlights how perfectly imperfect life can be, and showcases my journey towards inner healing, growth, and self-love.As you embark on this journey of reflection, you might laugh, cry, and even see yourself in these poems. These are my thoughts, my words, but our collective experiences.Enjoy, and may the good vibes forever be in your favor!
About the Author: MyKesha "Jewell" Coleman is a singer/songwriter from Nashville, TN that not only loves to sing but also found herself loving poetry. Poetry has always been the quickest way for her to release the emotions & thoughts that were haunting her. Outside of singing & song writing, poetry started being a part of her everyday life, especially when things in her life started falling apart. She's been writing since middle school but kept it a secret until now, with her debut poetry collection All My Random Thoughts in a Book. Jewell graduated high school in 2016 but decided to not attend college because she wanted to pursue her different talents & dreams fully. This book holds all her closely held experiences that have shaped her and are helping her transition into the young woman she is becoming and desires to be. While she's on this journey, connect and grow with her by following her on Instagram @itsjewellbabe.
This title is available via Amazon and the Conviction 2 Change Publishing store.
Cover Design: KDL Creative Consulting
Cover Illustration: Inara Quliyeva
Editor: Taylor D. Duckett
Author - Jewell Coleman
Unbind(ing) by Asher Marron
About the Book: The poems in Unbind(ing) are about how I found a way through. It is about the risk of radical self-love and radical hope for a re-imagining of the relationship between Catholicism and queerness. This book came to life from the umbilicus-deep knowledge that I am altogether beautiful, that God finds no flaw in me, that nothing separates me from being fully human and fully divine. I wrote this for you. I wrote it so you won't feel alone. I wrote it so you won't fear being both/and. You are marvelous. Truly. God beholds you and smiles. You, dear one, are beloved. This book is my offering of restlessness, liberation, and love as queer as a $3 bill."
About the Author: Asher Marron is an Oakland poet and educator. She holds a Master of Theology from the Franciscan School of Theology and a Bachelor of Arts in history from Mills College. She is currently an MFA student at San Francisco State University. Asher's poetry aims to beatify queer bodies by expressing the complexity of queer identity through spiritual aesthetics.
This title is available via Amazon.
Author - Asher Marron
This (Boi)yant Body: Narratives of a Queer Black Boi & the Waters That Carry Them by Bobbi Kindred
Release Date: July 2018
About the Book: This (Boi)yant Body is an ode to my Black boihood, my inner child, and the water that has returned us to ourselves countless times. This work, born in the spirit of needing an out from the depths of learned self-hatred, is a detailed account of my transition from being raised and displaced in the suburbs of San Ramon, CA., to the utter tiredness over living out the patterns of addiction that lead me into drug and alcohol recovery. It is only a surface scratch, and I am grateful for the opportunity to give you all insight on my internal process through sharing work that stems from 2013 onward.
About the Author: Cierra Green, Bobbi Kindred, Jolinda's baby, and Storyteller, because there are multiple energetic beings that exist within Them and each must be honored. Storytelling is how they honor the wounds within themself that still gape, and how they invoke the spirit of their ancestors' tongue when they share communally, and they deeply believe in the power of storytelling to heal the inner child. They are peppermint oil to the scalp regiment, and ukulele pluck to "Fast Car"—Tracy Chapman on mornings with room for ruminating, and "Just a Girl" on karaoke nights when singing off key matters less than putting on an honest show. They are a former resident of the Destiny Arts Center's Queer Emerging Artist Residency in Oakland, CA., and their work has been featured at venues such as The Berkeley Group Reparatory Theater, The Impact Hub Oakland, and Intersection for the Arts in San Francisco. They have slammed at the College Unions Poetry Slam Invitational (CUPSI 2016) in Austin Texas, and are a contracted actor for Berkeley Reparatory Theater's Young Writers of Color Collective. They are in a touring production of Ntozake Shange's "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow is Enuf" and are a member of the performing arts and writing collective, Fine Ass Queer Artsy Heauxs Collective who is responsible for the production "The Niggas Speak of Rivers" produced by Lisa Evans. They are also the newest member of poetry collective, Pr3ssplay Poets, whose stage production "The State of Black Bodies", produced by Mona Webb, was featured at the National Queer Arts Festival, Oakland, 2018.
To connect with the author, email thisboiyantbody@gmail.com or connect with them on Instagram: @theboiyantbody.
This title is available via Amazon and the Conviction 2 Change Publishing Store.
Cover Design: Chris "L7" Cuadrado
Author - Bobbi Kindred
Sex, Love, and Other Emotions by Sarai W. and Just Dulea
Release Date: January 2018
About the Book: Sex, Love, and Other Emotions by Sarai W. and Just Dulea is a collection of poetry and prose for the situation-ship generation. This book walks readers through the beauty in the complex messiness that is sometimes sex, love, and other emotions.
About the Authors: Sarai W. - Sarai is a poet, singer, songwriter, and author. She was born and raised on the East Coast where she earned her B.A. in Theater from South Carolina State University. Sarai then moved to the West Coast to complete her M.A. in Film and Media from the New York Film Academy in Burbank, CA. Following the completion of her M.A., Sarai relocated to San Francisco, CA, immersing herself in the poetry scene there. Sarai presently resides in New Jersey. Connect with her via IG: @tosaraiwithlove
Just Duléa – Just Duléa is an author, songwriter, and spoken word artist from the East Coast. She is the Founder/CEO of, and Creative Director for, publishing company Conviction 2 Change Publishing LLC. Just Duléa received her B.B.A. in Business Law and Accounting from the University of Miami and her M.F.A. in Creative Writing (poetry) from San Francisco State University. She is presently pursuing a PhD in African American & African Diaspora Studies at IU Bloomington. Her other titles include, What Really Happened to Cyrano: The Untold Story of Cyrano de Bergerac (2015), A Poetic Expression of Change (2015), and S.W.A.G. – Saved With Amazing Grace (2016). Connect with her via IG/Facebook/Twitter: @JustDulea, or via www.conviction2change.com/justdulea.
This title is available via Amazon, Kindle, and the Conviction 2 Change Publishing Store.
Author - Sarai W.
Author - Just Duléa
A Delaware LLC
© 2020 Conviction 2 Change Publishing LLC


KINGSPORT, Tenn. — The Tennessee Small Business Development Center (TSBDC) at ETSU and the Kingsport Office of Small Business Development & Entrepreneurship (KOSBE) will host a free Small Business Spring Night School on Tuesday, May 24 and Thursday, May 26 from 6 – 9 p.m., at the Kingsport Center for Higher Education, downtown Kingsport.
Primarily, the Small Business Spring Night School provides free training, peer-to-peer networking, collaborative problem-analysis, problem-solving and access to financing to small business owners and entrepreneurs.
Tax Advantages & Energy Solutions for Building Owners & Small Business Owner Tenants: Commercial property owners and leaseholders qualify for energy efficiency tax deductions. This class is for BOTH building owners and their business owners who are tenants. Attendees will learn about provisions that allow deductions to taxpayers who own, or lease, a commercial building and installs property as part of the commercial building's interior, such as lighting systems, heating, cooling, ventilation, and hot water systems, or building envelope. They will also find out about special financing and grants available for energy efficiency projects. Facilitated by Karen J. Koch, CPA, MT, Relight America.
6 Ways to Raise Your Credit Score FAST: Nowadays, if your credit score is less than 700, your chance of getting a small business loan is negligible. There is good debt and bad debt. The more you know about the credit rating system overall, the better you can boost your credit score and save money in the long run. Attend this class and learn how to better manage your credit and how to establish or re-establish a good track record. Facilitated by Robert Price, PriceDaniels Credit Group, Inc.
Start Your Business Plan Tonight: Attendees should be prepared to handwrite or bring their lap tops and plug in to begin working on their first draft business plan in a class setting. If you have started a plan, but never finished it, or you have no idea where to begin, this class is for you. This hands-on class will take you through the complete business planning process, reviewing all of the integral parts of a business plan. Attendees will participate in a personalized approach to goal-setting and strategy development for their business or idea. In addition to group discussion, there will also be an opportunity to receive some individual attention while developing financial projections and working on your own operating plan. This class if for startups as well as existing businesses. You must bring your own laptop or a notepad. Facilitated by Aundrea Wilcox.
The Small Business Spring Night School is designed with new and existing businesses and entrepreneurs in mind (including home-based), however, retirees seeking a second career, part-time workers wanting to supplement their income, upper class high school and college students are encouraged to participate. There is no cost to attend, but seating is limited. Therefore, advanced registration is required. Anyone interested can register online or call (423) 392-8825 for more information.


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Q: Where should I initialize a variable to work in an IF block? I'm trying to solve this problem on CodingBat:

Return true if the given string contains between 1 and 3 'e' chars.

So far, I have this solution, but it won't compile if I have the "numofe" integer initialized inside the IF block, because other parts of the code won't work with it, and vice versa. So where should I initialize a variable, to be accessible everywhere in the code?
Thank you.
public boolean stringE(String str) {

  int numofe;

  for(int x = 0; str.length() > x; x++){

    if (str.charAt(x)=='e'){

      numofe++;
    }

  }
   return (numofe>0 && numofe<4);
}

A: Variables within a block should be initialized before you use them, initialize them with an initial value , it could be any allowed value. but you can not use them without first initialize them.
int numofe=0;

This will not compile numofe++;, because numofe is not initialized in your code

A: If you define a variable inside a block (if, while, for, etc...) it's only known inside that block. If you want to use it outside of it/them too, you need to define before the correspondent blocks.
In this case, you can't define inside if because it is not known you return(numofe>0 && numofe<4. You need to define it before if and for.
You also need to initialise it first, because it may be returned without being, so: int numofe = 0;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After finding themselves on the wrong end of SARFU backroom dealings, the Lions will not be participating in this year's Super 15. This weekend saw them taking on the less fancied Russian national team at Ellis Park as part of a completely rejigged schedule for 2013. Johan Ackermann and management have had to scramble to organise "decent" opponents to keep the squad sharp for the promotion-relegation layoffs later this year.
They have cobbled together a tournament of sorts now being referred to as "the Game of Thrones".
March 8, 2013: Lions v USA invitational (away game).
April 27, 2013: Lions v Wales.
Shooo… if you're a season ticket holder best sell them now, before your potential buyers get a look at this fixture list.


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Q: ¿Cómo puedo recuperar el sistema si borré /bin/bash? El otro dia trasteando con la Raspberry borré sin querer el fichero /bin/bash, por lo que ahora no puedo hacer nada que necesite del shell de Bash, ni siquiera acceder por ssh.
He probado a reinstalar Bash pero me dice que ya esta instalado, por lo que no lo instala y con la opción --reinstall obtengo un error.
No sé si hay alguna manera de arreglar esto sin tener que reinstalar el sistema operativo, que en este caso es Raspbian.

A: Tal y como se ve en How to recover from a deleted /bin/bash?:
Si tu /bin/sh no apunta a /bin/bash, entonces puedes crear un enlace simbólico:
ln -s /bin/sh /bin/bash

Esto hará que cuando el sistema intente buscar Bash, se encuentre con sh, que es la consola genérica y comparte bastante funcionalidad. Al menos te permite moverte un poco por allí y realizar el comando importante:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bash

Que lo que hace es reinstalar Bash en tu sistema.


text:
Issue of the week: Another big airline merger
The looming merger of American Airlines and US Airways will have at least one clear consequence, said Justin Bachman in Businessweek.com: Travelers will soon be paying more for tickets. "Consolidation is a euphemism for fewer seats, and with fewer seats come higher prices." Ever since Congress deregulated the industry, in 1978, airlines have struggled to charge customers enough to cover their expenses. Inflation-adjusted fares have dropped 18 percent since 2000, while consumer prices in general rose by 33 percent. "That's what sticks in the craw of an airline executive," and this all-but-signed deal was driven by the enticing promise of finally charging customers more.
Still, "this is the right merger at the right time," said USA Today in an editorial. For the last three and a half decades, U.S. airlines "have been in a state of near chaos." American Airlines is fighting its way out of bankruptcy, and US Airways has already been through that process twice. "This is no way to run an industry, as exasperated fliers will attest." Strapped for cash and laden with debt, U.S. airlines have come to provide execrable customer service. This merger, the fourth between major U.S. airlines in five years, won't be a magic bullet, "but it can be the last leg in bringing the industry much-needed stability."
The mega-merger marks a "career achievement" for US Airways CEO Doug Parker, said Mary Schlangenstein in Bloomberg.com. He fired the starting gun for the current round of airline consolidation in 2005, when his America West merged with US Airways. Since then Parker has bid unsuccessfully for Delta and United, but he has clearly learned a thing or two from those failures. "He's done this the right way, and it's showing," said Gordon Bethune, the former CEO of Continental Airlines.
In fact, this deal is "more a takeover than a marriage," said Mitchell Schnurman in The Dallas Morning News. The new entity will be called American Airlines, after its much larger constituent part, but US Airways' Parker is slated to lead it. "The feisty little upstart, dissed and dismissed repeatedly by American management, made all the right moves and ended up on top." American CEO Tom Horton lost out by reacting defensively to Parker's bid. The real breakthrough came last year, when US Airways began courting American's disgruntled union leaders and winning over key stakeholders and Wall Street analysts. "Parker suddenly had real credibility, and the merger had a fan base." Now that he's proved himself as a dealmaker, he has to make what will be the biggest U.S. airline deliver on its promise.


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Your articles are excellent and gossip be on point! But i think you should proof read your passages before you publish them. There are often alot of simple spelling errors that can be fixed. Jus some constructive criticism. Keep up the good work!!


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Air Europa is Spain's third largest airline, and is owned by the Globalia tourism company. They're based in Majorca and have a fleet size of 53 aircraft, flying to 44 destinations. They're a full member of the SkyTeam alliance, and have their own loyalty program: SUMA. Air Europa mainly focus on connecting Northern European cities with Spanish holiday destinations, particularly in the Balearic and Canary Islands. In recent years they've also added some long-haul routes to North and South America, as well as new routes to the Middle East.
Air Europa don't currently offer direct flights from Ireland. The nearest airports you can fly from are Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and London. Flights from Scotland usually involve an aircraft change in Paris, while flights from London go via Madrid.
Air Europa web check-in opens 48 hours before departure, or 24 hours before if you're flying to/from the USA. You have up until one hour before departure to check in online. Mobile check in is also available. Check in desks open 2.5 hours before scheduled departure, closing one hour before international flight departure and 45 minutes before domestic departure.
Air Europa economy passengers can pay to pre-book their seat in advance. Standard seats cost €4 for flights within mainland Spain and the Balearics, €10 for trips within Europe, Africa or the Canaries, and €20 for long-haul flights. XL seats, with a bit more legroom and space, cost €10, €20 or €50 depending on flight length. SUMA Silver, Gold and Platinum customers can choose their seats for free, as can SkyTeam Elite and Elite Plus passengers.
There's a €3 charge per passenger for bookings made by any debit or credit card, excluding the Air Europa Visa.
Economy passengers can enjoy free meals on transatlantic flights. On short-haul menus, it's possible to purchase a snack (including the airline's "sandwich of the month") from the Gusto+ menu. In-flight entertainment is provided, with on-demand entertainment on long haul flights and curated TV shows and documentaries on shorter trips. Wi-Fi is also available on long haul aircraft, with prices ranging from €7 to €20 depending on how many megabytes of data you require. Air Europa business class passengers can enjoy lie-flat beds, made from fabric for extra comfort. Each seat has sockets and USB plugs for recharging your electronics, and personal televisions.
Air Europa are fairly punctual, with around 8 out of 10 flights departing within 15 minutes of their scheduled departure time.
Hold baggage allowance depends on ticket type and journey length. On most routes, economy passengers can check in one bag weighing up to 23kg and measuring no larger than 158cm, while business class passengers can check in two bags. Luggage isn't included on Lite Fare tickets. It's always best to check your booking for more information.
Hand baggage allowance also differs depending on route and ticket type. Economy passengers can expect to bring one bag weighing up to 10k, while business passengers can bring one bag weighing up to 14kg.


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0 Sales soar at Pets at Home during lockdown November 24, 2020
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