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Books > Language and Literature > Fables in the Indian Narrative Tradition
Fables in the Indian Narrative Tradition
by Dhananjay Singh
From the Jacket
The fable is the most metaphorical of all narrative genres. The Indian fable, being both realistic and other-worldly, is recognised as a wonderful integration of the aesthetic and the discursive. Imitating the habits, chores, beliefs of the Indian culture, it is the dominant form in texts like the Pancatantra, the Jatakas, and the Hitopadea. It is included at different places in the long narratives of the Mahabharata and the Yogavasistha, and is disseminated in the form of the various folktales of India. This volume explores the unique tradition of Indian fables to present a theoretical understanding and critical analysis of the various aspects of the Indian fable.
The work studies the Indian fables spread across various compositions in the context of the dominant discourses of the narratives, their form aid structure and their continuing relevance. It develops an overall understanding of the Indian fables, their philosophy, mutual relationships, proliferation and textual scholarship. It also establishes the chronological development of the fables, right from the earliest utterances found in the Vedas to the epics, the Pancatantra and Buddhist texts. It emphasises the significance of the Indian fable as a discourse, often the narrative becoming subservient to the fable's discursive function.
This interesting study will prove useful to scholars and students of Indology, particularly those concerned with Indian culture and literary tradition, as well as general readers interested in fables and stories of the Indian tradition.
Dhananjay Singh, an academic, translator, and a poet, he is Assistant Professor at the Centre for English Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, teaching courses and supervising research on Indian aesthetics, comparative aesthetics, philosophy of language, poetry, and Irish literature. Dr Singh is also Assistant Editor, Encyclopedia of Indian Poetics, a project of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, sponsored by UNESCO, and Member, Editorial Board, Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Rupa, 2010-12.
His work in translation studies includes the chapters he wrote in Creative Writing and Translation Studies I, Creative Writing and Translation Studies II, textbooks published by the Central Board of Secondary Education for class Xl and XII in 2007-2008. He has contributed various articles in the areas of Indian aesthetics, philosophy of language, comparative poetics, and Indian literature. His poems have been published in South Asian Ensemble: A Canadian Quarterly of Arts, Literature and Culture of and for South Asian Diaspora, and Muse India.
THE fable is the most metaphorical of all narrative genres. Its conception is governed by the compulsive need to establish a point or to make forceful a line of thinking. The Indian fable is a wonderful integration of the aesthetic and the discursive. It is both other-worldly and realistic. It is ideological. The Indian fable represents a major stream in the Indian narrative tradition. It imitates the social, political, religious, and moral systems of ancient India. It imitates the habits and chores, beliefs and realities of the Indian culture. While it is the dominant form in texts like the Pancatantra, its inclusion at different places in the non-fable long narratives like the Mahabharata and the Yogavasistha is no less significant. In texts like the Jatakas, the fables occupy greater space than the non- fable narratives.
Each fable is a world in itself. The textual history of the Pancatantra is itself no less interesting a narrative. Each fable has a history of conceptualisation and growth. But subsequent to their first enunciation, they become absorbed in the folk, because oral transmission has been the primary mode of narrative performance in India. Once they become part of the folk repertoire, the narratives share a common textual space; there are intertextual connections. A narrative like the one about the Monkey and Crocodile is found in the Jatakas as well as the Pancatantra. But this does not mean they are the same. Each narrative is determined by the overall discursive system of the composition it is part of. For example, once the Jataka fable enters the narrative space of the Pancatantra, its discursivity changes immensely. Not only its discussivity but also its form undergoes a major alteration.
The Pancatantra is governed by the discourses enumerated in Natyasastra. The Jataka, on the other hand, foregrounds the religious and ethical agenda that originates from the Buddhist idea/ideal of the bodhisattva. The Mahabharata, especially the small narratives, posits a political philosophy. Therefore, the fables contained in these compositions endorse the dominant ideology of the composition as a whole.
Indeed, the fables form a unique tradition. From the Jatakas to the modern folk tale, from about 300 BCE to contemporary India, the texts continue to be shared, however not without the changes brought in by the social and cultural life of the specific times. The form has been exploited as a major narrative mode of knowledge dispersion. Evidently, 300 BCE was the time when the fable had become very popular in India. The inscriptions on the reliefs of Bharhut speak for the wide popularity of the Jataka fables. It was around this time that fables from the Jataka started to influence other fables like those in the Pancatantra. From the Jataka to the Pancatantra and Mahabharata, and from Hitopa4ea to the regional folk tales of India, the tradition still thrives.
The present work was originally submitted for the award of the degree of doctor of philosophy to the Centre for English Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, under the supervision of Professor Kapil Kapoor and Professor Santosh K. Sareen. It attempts a theoretical understanding and critical analysis of the various aspects of the classical Indian fable. The objective is to develop a conceptual frame for the Indian fables spread across various compositions. The narratives have been thoroughly studied in the context of their dominant discourses, their form and structure, and their continuing relevance seen in terms of the contemporary theory of narrative and discourse.
The work develops an overall understanding of the Indian fables, their genesis, their philosophy, their mutual relationships, their proliferation, their textual scholarship, and the like. There is an attempt made to establish the chronological development of the fable, right from the earliest fabular utterances found in the Vedas. Though the Mahabharata, as far as the epic proper is concerned, precedes all the other fable- compositions, the fables themselves were a later inclusion in the epic. And hence, in the study, the Jataka is discussed as the composition, which perhaps gave birth to the idea of the fully developed fable in India. The concept of the bodhisattva and the budhisattva is central to the understanding of the genesis of the Jataka fables.
The Mahabharata fables were inserted in the epic along with the other small narratives, legends, and folk tales. In the course of years of narration, the various narrators like the Sutas and the Bhrgus interpolated the fables along with the numerous other forms of small narratives in the text. However, these narratives have been perfectly placed in the text. Where Bhisma or Vidura or Salya narrates a fable to Yudhisthira or Karna, the greater framework of the epic narrative achieves enhancement of meaning.
Indologists like Theodor Benfey, Johannes Hertel, Franklin Edgerton and Ludwik Sternbach have established through their scholarship of the Pancatantra what great influence this work has had globally. From the earliest versions of this work, the Persian version and the Tantrakhyayika to the English and French adaptations, the fables of the Pancatantra have been found everywhere. The history of the Pancatantra reveals important facts about how a popular text might grow over a period of time. The Hitopadesa is a major recension of the Pancatantra. Narayana has not made a blind imitation of the source text, but in his recension is revealed how a text grows cumulatively in the Indian tradition. This is one reason why a text can never become obscure in India; because of its flexibility it remains relevant to each new period.
The most important preoccupation of the study is to analyse the Indian fable as a discourse. The fable-compositions give a clear impression in the beginning itself that they are conceived to serve larger ends. In fact, the narrative is made subservient to its discursive function. The Buddha narrates the fables to put across a particular religious discourse. The bodhisattva represents Buddhist principles like Compassion, Truth, Non- attachment and the like, and on each occasion the fable is committed to endorsing a particular Buddhist ideology. There are discursive passages in the text that are directed at the listeners with a serious intent. The genesis of each fable is determined by the effort of the Buddha to solve a particular problem, a specific ethical question, and throughout its narrativity, the fable is focused on it. The Jatakas, therefore, reveal a connection between ethics and narrative.
The discursive importance of the Pancatantra is equally stressed. The text is, as it were, a compilation of the major texts of the Indian intellectual tradition. Numerous references to the authoritative texts of the different disciplines, Arthasastra, Natyasastra, Dharmasastras, Aramyakas, Upanisads, the Mahabharata, foreground the discursive foundations of the Indian fable. It is amusing to find the Crow quote from Arthasastra, or the Donkey give a lecture on bhavas or the Cat talk about Dharmasastras, but behind the façade of fiction, the discursive texture of the fable is elaborate.
The Pancatantra reveals the different political, legal, and social systems of ancient India, as enumerated in the knowledge texts. It presents situations that validate its dominant discourse of nitti, which is radically opposed to the religious discourse of tolerance, compassion, welfare of all beings, truthfulness and the like found in the Jatakas. The Mahabharata also puts forth a distinct political ideology. The fable of Crow and Swan narrated by Salya or the Jackal and the Tiger narrated by Bhima is committed to endorsing a political thinking. The relationship between the king/state and the subjects is a major issue explored both in the Pancatantra and the Mahabharata.
The ideologies of the Indian fables get expressed through a wonderful sense of form that the narratives adopt. The fable has attained global popularity not only for its content but also for the relationship that exists between the form and the content. The fables are mostly set within a frame- narrative. The frame-narrative, as invented in the Indian fables, became so popular that the writers throughout the world have used it for different narrative genres. The relationship between the frame-narrative and the kernel narrative is explored in this study. The fables grow with a great sense of co-ordination between the narrative units and the discursive units. The story as a narrative and a discourse is discussed with special reference to the Pancatantra, the Jatakas and the Mahabhs7rata. Another formal device invented by the Indian narrative tradition is campu, the mixing of the prose and verse within a single narrative. The Jatakas and the Pancatantra make the best possible use of gathas (verses) in terms of the relations between the narrator and the reader. In gathas, the Buddha speaks directly to his listeners; the fictionality of the narrative is abandoned for that moment in the story when gatha is uttered.
The study brings the Indian fables close to the conceptual frameworks found in the contemporary theory. This exercise is only to explore alternative models of analysis. There is no attempt to say that it is essential to speak of Indian literature in the context of the Western literary theory. However, the Indian fables do encourage a meaningful discussion of such theoretical issues as the author, the text, the story and the narrative, and the like.
This study would not have been possible without the inspiration, instruction, and benevolence of my guru Professor Kapil Kapoor. I will always remain grateful to "sir" for introducing me to Indian aesthetics and Indian literature. I am humbled by his greatness as a teacher and as a human being. I also owe immensely to Professor Santosh K. Sareen for his guidance and support as a supervisor. I would like to express my acknowledgement to JNU Library, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, and Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts, New Delhi, for providing the materials needed for my research.
I also owe this work to the support and guidance of my teachers and colleagues at the Centre for English Studies, JNU, Professors Makrand Paranjape, G.J.V. Prasad, Dr Saugata Shaduri, and Dr Navneet Sethi.
To Seema, my wife, and our daughter, I owe all happiness that made this work possible. I wish to express my gratitude to my uncle and aunt, my parents, my brother and sisters, friends, and all my teachers for all that they have done. Finally, I would like to pay my respect to Shri Susheel Mittal and his D.K. Printworld, New Delhi, for accepting to publish this work.
Ever since the first story-telling impulse in Vedas, the narrative as literary form and social practice has best described the — various cultures and traditions of India. As a part of the oral tradition, the narrative developed amidst the Indian people more as performance. Both the stories as well as the occasion of story-telling brought the people together, and so it does now. Different stories are meant for different occasions. Each story was originally performed and received in the oral form, and so, even when they were later written down, like the Jatakas, the relationship between the story, the narrator and the audience, and the occasion of narration has remained an important principle in the organisation of the tales. From the mini narratives in the dialogue-form found in Vedas, and the stories in the Upanisads, the Itihasas, and the Puranas, Kalidasa's mahakavyas (court epics), the Yogavasista, to the fables of the Jatakas, the Pancatantra (and its various recessions, including the Hitopade4a), the B that katha, and the Kathasaritsagara, the Indian narrative tradition shows a remarkable diversity of form and content, and historico-cultural significance. The Indian narrative has in fact progressed in tandem with the progress of the communities and cultures of India, and vice versa.
Before going to discuss the Indian fable-narratives, which is the subject matter of this work, it would be appropriate to historically trace the development of the Indian narrative traditions, both in terms of form and content. As far as the from of the narratives is concerned, the Indian theorists like Bhamaha (sixth century ce), Bhoja (eleventh century ce) and Visvanatha Kaviraja (fourteenth century ce) have defined the various genres of narrative, along with sub-categories of each genre that might help us to describe the genre of the fable.
Preface v
1. Fables in India: An Overview 17
2. Fable as a Discourse in the Indian Narrative Tradition 65
3. Indian Fables: A Study in Form and Structure 123
4. Indian Fables: Contemporary Theory 155
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Q: Another word for "expropriate", or an antonym for "privatize" While writing this comment on the "Despise the rich" question:

Well, during the October Revolution, the bolsheviks overthrew the bourgeoisie and the peasants overthrew the kulaks, expropriating and redistributing their wealth among the populace. In Marxist theory, the working class people who are eternally pitted against the historical owners of the means of production are known as the proletariat, derived from its origins in Roman law.

I ended up using the verb expropriate, but that wasn't the one I was reaching for. I have a recollection that there's another, more specific, and morphologically more obvious synonym (perhaps derived from the root public).
What are other words which describe the act of the government (often forcibly) taking ownership of private property, so that the property is under the collective ownership of the public?

After the Revolution, the new communist Cuban government ___ized many sugar mills, angering foreign interests who had invested in their creation.

Note: the word is not "eminent domain", which describes a policy which permits the act I'm describing, nor is it expropriate nor appropriate, which are often used in contemporary discussions of governments making use of eminent domain.

A: The word nationalize means bring under control of a nation, however, you might also consider collectivize, particularly if you are talking about the peasants in the former Soviet Union, where the agricultural policy was called collectivization.

A: "Nationalizing" is not incorrect, but given Marxist ideology, probably would not have been used by the actors in question.
"Collectivizing" is probably what they would have used at the time.
"Seizing" would also work, particularly if you wanted to put a negative spin on things, however, it probably lacks the "for the good of the public" intention.

A: I think the term you are looking for is to nationalize:

*

*to bring under the ownership or control of a nation, as industries and land.

*

*a movement to nationalize the oil industry.

(dictionary.reference.com)

A: A specific verb would be govermentalize.

to bring under governmental, or national, control [Collins]

Additionally, the following verbs are mentioned in the book Privatization: The Key to Better Government by Emanuel S. Savas:

*

*municipalize

*statify

*deprivatize

A: I'm surprised nobody suggested this: stealing

A: From the perspective of a citizen of a former communist country:

*

*collectivization was used mainly in the context of agriculture and even then it was (I think) meant as a one-time, already completed act (~1950 thing in our country)

*nationalization was used in the general context - you could have nationalized industry, factories, services, farms ... We were even celebrating Day of Nationalization :).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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at little or no cost to assist veterans in readjusting to civilian life.


text:
MLB2 hours ago
LHP Martin Perez returns to Boston Red Sox on one-year deal, source says
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MLB23 hours ago
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Cardinals, ace Jack Flaherty still without deal, swap arbitration figures
ST. LOUIS — – The St. Louis Cardinals and ace Jack Flaherty have not agreed to terms on a 2021 contract and they swapped figures for...
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New York Yankees roll dice on Corey Kluber
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Boston Red Sox, 3B Rafael Devers agree on one-year, $4.575M deal
BOSTON — A person with knowledge of the terms said the Boston Red Sox have agreed to a $4,575,000, one-year deal with third baseman Rafael Devers...
Corey Kluber finalizing deal to join New York Yankees
Right-hander Corey Kluber and the New York Yankees are finalizing a deal that will bring the two-time AL Cy Young winner to the Bronx, pending a...
Francisco Lindor, Michael Conforto among 7 New York Mets players to reach 1-year deals
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the wake of Hurricane Irma, I feel like it's safe to say that the general feeling around Sarasota right now is Grateful. Fortunately, we were spared the brunt of the largest hurricane in recorded history. For those of us who stayed and rode out the storm at home, we have gone through a wide range of emotions in the past 10 days: fear, anxiety, stir-craziness, despair, relief, exhaustion. Even though we did not receive the worst, we went through the motions of preparing for the worst.
And from the other side, it is remarkable how incredibly prepared we were. Houses were shuttered in the blink of an eye, neighbors were helping neighbors board up, borrowing ladders, exchanging phone numbers in case help was needed during the storm. In short, it was an incredibly moving time to be a Sarasotan. In a time where often we don't even know our neighbors' names anymore, a quick introduction to Irma cured us all.
In addition to the wonderful outpouring of intra-community support, Florida Power & Light mobilized in a way I've never seen before -- with a special "restoration workforce" of 17,000 --there were electricity & power trucks from all across the country flooding our streets to get our residents back up and running. The school system in the entire state is offering free breakfast and lunch to public school students for the next month to help families cope with the impact the hurricane may have had on their lives and finances.
In short, we feel the love.
I'm grateful for this community, grateful for the preparedness of our state and county, but mostly, I'm grateful that the people I know and the gorgeous city I love remain unharmed.
My nephews and me, in my backyard post-Hurricane next to a downed tree. Clearly, we are not amused.
But by Friday, I was back at the beach. This is Siesta Key Beach post-hurricane.
Now and always, I am here to help with your real estate needs in the paradise that is our Sarasota.


India announced a significant revamp of the goods and services tax (GST) regime three months after it was rolled out, addressing key complaints, especially those of small-scale industry and exporters.
The GST Council raised the composition scheme threshold to Rs 1 crore from Rs 75 lakh, allowed smaller businesses with a turnover of up to Rs 1.5 crore to pay tax and file returns quarterly instead of monthly, exempted exporters from payment of tax under various promotion schemes, deferred implementation of the tax deduction at source and collection at source provision to April 1 next year and suspended the reverse charge mechanism until the fiscal year-end.
The council also slashed tax rates on 27 items including sliced dried mango, khakhra, manmade yarn, stationary items, e-waste, plastic waste, rubber waste and job-work services while deciding to adopt a concept paper on the tax rates that would form the backbone of all changes in future.
Jaitley said a number of representations had been received and the council had decided to give relief to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and exporters.
"Large part of the tax collection about 94-95% comes from large taxpayers… Smaller ones have low tax burden, but it was felt their compliance burden is high," the minister said, explaining the rationale behind the move to relax compliance for the sector, which was known to have been hit hard by the switchover to the new tax regime from July 1.
"Small ones should remain in the tax net for the expansion of the base, but we have significantly reduced their compliance burden," he said. Composition scheme allows traders, manufacturers and restaurants to pay tax at a flat rate of 1%, 2% and 5%, respectively, on their turnover. This facility will be available from October onwards and past returns will have to filed in time.
The council has also set up a group of ministers to examine on an urgent basis issues concerning the smallscale sector such as whether the total turnover calculation for the composition scheme should include exempted goods, if inter-state sales should be allowed for those availing of the scheme and whether input tax credit needs to be given to them. This group will give its report in two weeks. It will also look at the taxation structure for restaurants, Jaitley said. "The group will see if tax system needs to be revisited, tax rate needs to be reduced without input tax credit… It will see what should be the alternate tax mechanism," he said.
Currently the rates for air-conditioned and non-AC restaurants are 18% and 12%, respectively.
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) director general Chandrajit Banerjee welcomed the measures and said SME sector compliance will greatly improve.
The reverse-charge mechanism has been deferred until March 31, 2018, to streamline its working. "This will benefit small businesses and substantially reduce compliance costs," the finance ministry said in a press release. CII's Banerjee said the deferment of the reverse charge mechanism (RCM) is welcome as it encourages registered taxpayers to continue sourcing from small and unregistered taxpayers.
The council allowed merchant exporters to pay 0.1% GST on the goods they source, which they can claim as input credit, to address the issue of blockage of funds. Besides, both state and central tax authorities have been directed to issue refund cheques for July by October 10 and for August by October 18.
An e-wallet facility will be created that will be provided with notional credit as an advance refund for exporters that could be used to pay GST from April 2018. Exporters availing export promotion schemes such as advance authorisation, Export Promotion Credit Guarantee scheme and Export Oriented Unit scheme would not have to pay GST on their inputs.
Pre-GST vehicle leases would be able to avail abatement of 35%, implying that the present GST rate will be applicable only on 65% of the total lease value. This facility would be available even when the vehicle is sold.
Services providers providing inter-state services up to Rs 20 lakh will be exempted from GST. Those providing exempted service on which interest is received would be eligible for exemption of up to Rs 1.5 crore. Eway bill will be fully implemented from April next year, Jaitley said.The council, Jaitley said, approved aconcept paper that would guide the fitment committee on tax rates.
"All future rates will be tailored as per the concept paper," Jaitley said. Restaurateurs welcomed the move to review the tax structure for the segment.
"It has been an unprecedented year for the restaurant sector," said Rahul Singh, vice-president of the National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI). "Demonetisation, highway liquor ban and the GST regime all packed within the same year.


Ellen qualified into the Family team at JMW Solicitors LLP in May 2016, having trained under the close supervision of Sam and James, where she gained a wealth of experience in a range of private family matters, including; divorce, finance and difficult children disputes . In particular, Ellen has experience assisting on high value financial settlements which involve complex business assets, family trust structures and cases with an international element.
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Ellen is patient, understanding and, with great attention to detail, works hard to give all her clients a first-class service.
Outside of work, Ellen sits as Charity Director for JCI Manchester and is also an active Director for the Manchester Trainee Solicitors Group.


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                        jsonBuilder.Append("\"" + dt.Columns[j].ColumnName.ToLower() + "\": \"" + Convert.ToDateTime(dt.Rows[i][j].ToString()).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") + "\"");
                    else if (dt.Columns[j].DataType.Equals(typeof(String)))
                        jsonBuilder.Append("\"" + dt.Columns[j].ColumnName.ToLower() + "\":"+fastJSON.JSON.WriteString(dt.Rows[i][j].ToString()));
                       // jsonBuilder.Append("\"" + dt.Columns[j].ColumnName.ToLower() + "\": \"" + dt.Rows[i][j].ToString().Replace("\\", "\\\\").Replace("\'", "\\\'").Replace("\t", " ").Replace("\r", " ").Replace("\n", "<br/>").Replace("\"", "\\\"") + "\"");
                    else
                        jsonBuilder.Append("\"" + dt.Columns[j].ColumnName.ToLower() + "\": \"" + dt.Rows[i][j].ToString() + "\"");
                }
                jsonBuilder.Append("}");
            }
            jsonBuilder.Append("]");
            return "{"+jsonBuilder.ToString()+"}";

        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 将DataTable转换为list
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="dt"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<T> DT2List<T>(DataTable dt)//is2imgs 表示在转换list时是否附加img
        {
            if (dt == null)
                return null;
            List<T> result = new List<T>();
            for (int j = 0; j < dt.Rows.Count; j++)
            {
                T _t = (T)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T));
                System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] propertys = _t.GetType().GetProperties();
                foreach (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pi in propertys)
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
                    {
                        // 属性与字段名称一致的进行赋值
                        if (pi.Name.ToLower().Equals(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName.ToLower()))
                        {
                            if (dt.Rows[j][i] != DBNull.Value)
                            {
                                if (pi.PropertyType.ToString() == "System.Int32")
                                {
                                    pi.SetValue(_t, Int32.Parse(dt.Rows[j][i].ToString()), null);
                                }
                                else if (pi.PropertyType.ToString() == "System.DateTime")
                                {
                                    pi.SetValue(_t, Convert.ToDateTime(dt.Rows[j][i].ToString()), null);
                                }
                                else if (pi.PropertyType.ToString() == "System.Boolean")
                                {
                                    pi.SetValue(_t, Convert.ToBoolean(dt.Rows[j][i].ToString()), null);
                                }
                                else if (pi.PropertyType.ToString() == "System.Single")
                                {
                                    pi.SetValue(_t, Convert.ToSingle(dt.Rows[j][i].ToString()), null);
                                }
                                else if (pi.PropertyType.ToString() == "System.Double")
                                {
                                    pi.SetValue(_t, Convert.ToDouble(dt.Rows[j][i].ToString()),null);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    pi.SetValue(_t, dt.Rows[j][i].ToString(), null);
                                }
                            }
                            else
                                pi.SetValue(_t, "", null);//为空,但不为Null
                            break;
                        }
                    }// end for
                } //end foreache
                result.Add(_t);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Botswana Election Won by President's Party, despite Rift with Ex-Leader
Voters in Botswana returned to power the party of President Mokgweetsi Masisi, the country's chief justice announced on Friday, signaling public support for the president's contentious decisions to lift a ban on hunting elephants and to oversee the decriminalization of homosexuality. A diamond-rich country of just over two million people, Botswana has long been held up as one of Africa's most stable democracies. … The vote, held on Wednesday, was an endorsement of the Botswana Democratic Party, which has won every election in the country since 1966, when Botswana secured its independence from Britain, but which splintered early this year in a rift between Mr. Masisi and a former president, Ian Khama. … Despite the tensions among politicians, however, voting on Wednesday was peaceful. The New York Times
Ethiopia Activist Calls for Calm after 16 Killed in Clashes
Prominent Ethiopian activist Jawar Mohammed called for calm on Thursday amid protests that have killed 16 people and are challenging Nobel Prize-winning Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in his political heartland. Addressing hundreds of supporters gathered around his house in Addis Ababa, Jawar said: "Open the blocked roads, clean the towns of barricades, treat those who have been injured during the protests and reconcile with those you have quarrelled with." He struck a conciliatory tone toward the government, saying it was "not the time to kill each other," but warned his supporters to stay alert. "Calm yourself," he told the crowd at his house, "but sleep with one eye open." People have died in at least four cities since clashes began on Wednesday, officials and a witness said, after police fired gunshots and teargas to break up demonstrations in support of Jawar. … Jawar, a one-time ally of the prime minister, has mobilised protesters from the Oromo ethnic group – the same group Abiy comes from. The showdown is a litmus test for Abiy… Reuters
Egypt, Ethiopia 'Agree' to Resume Talks on Massive Nile Dam
Egypt and Ethiopia's leaders have agreed to restart the work of a committee aimed at brokering an agreement on the operating terms of a giant hydropower dam, an Egyptian presidency spokesman said. The apparent breakthrough on Thursday was announced after a meeting between Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed on the sidelines of a Russia-Africa summit in the Black Sea resort of Sochi. … But in his statement on Thursday, el-Sisi's spokesman made no mention of a mediator but said the technical committee would resume its work "in a more open and positive manner, in order to reach a final vision on the rules for filling and operating the dam." Ethiopia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs meanwhile confirmed el-Sisi and Abiy had held "discussions" over the project in a post on Twitter. Al Jazeera
Guineans Protest Conde's Third-Term Bid, ECOWAS Calls for Dialogue
Thousands took to the streets of Guinea on Thursday in the largest of a series of protests over a suspected effort by President Alpha Conde to seek a third term that have led to the jailing of a dozen opposition campaigners and politicians. Meanwhile, the Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS, has waded into political ongoings in the Republic of Guinea where incumbent Alpha Conde is facing opposition over plans to extend his constitutionally mandated term. A statement signed by ECOWAS commission president, Jean-Claude Kassi, called on government and opposition elements to employ dialogue to seek solutions to the challenges. … It also made reference to deadly protests of 14 and 15 October. Authorities jailed a number of protesters earlier this week. The statement also stressed that the tensions could potentially affect the wider sub-region. Africa News
African Military Chiefs Discuss Great Lakes Security Issues
Senior military officers from five African Great Lakes countries met on Thursday to discuss violence which plagues part of their region, sources said. A military official said senior officers from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda gathered in the eastern town of Goma, in DRC's North Kivu province. "(They) are discussing security in the Great Lakes region. The insecurity concerns every country, not just the DRC," the source said. … The DRC's chief of staff, General Celestin Mbala, has been suggesting joint military operations to "eradicate armed groups," both domestic and foreign, in the troubled east, according to a letter dated October 2 seen by AFP. … On Monday, a pro-government DRC legislator, Juvenal Munubo, said he had challenged the defence ministry "to confirm the existence or not of planning for joint operations" involving the armed forces of the DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda to root out the militias. "A mistake that absolutely must be avoided is to authorise Rwandan, Ugandan and Burundian troops to enter the DRC," he warned. AFP
UN House in Nigeria Reopens Eight Years after Suicide Bomb Attack
Nigerian authorities are commemorating United Nations Day with the official reopening of the U.N. building in Abuja. The building has been closed since a deadly Boko Haram suicide attack in 2011. The event Thursday opened with renditions of Nigeria's national anthem and the U.N. anthem played by Nigeria's National Assembly guards brigade. Then, the reconstructed U.N. building officially reopened. Mark Lowcock is U.N. Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs. "The reopening of U.N. house today is an act of defiance against such terror," Lowcock said. "We stand together to say that we will not be cowed by violence. We will continue to support the Nigerian people, fulfill their dreams of a future of prosperity and security." Twenty-three people including U.N. workers, guards, and visitors were killed in the 2011 blast. More than 60 others were injured. VOA
Hundreds of Cameroon's Central African Republic Refugees Voluntarily Repatriate
Cameroonian and Central African Republic (CAR) officials greeted a group of about 200 CAR refugees Wednesday as they crossed the border and headed home. Members of the group – among more than 6,000 CAR refugees in Cameroon who agreed to voluntarily repatriate by the end of the year – say they hope for peace following a Khartoum agreement their government signed with rebel groups. However, there are over 270,000 CAR refugees who are reluctant to leave Cameroon because of sporadic fighting along the border. … The Central African Republic has promised to socially and economically integrate refugees who return from Cameroon. By the end of the week, about 500 CAR refugees who agreed to leave Cameroon will return home. … Many of the remaining refugees raise concerns about reintegration and ongoing security threats. VOA
Amnesty: Potential War Crimes Committed in Libya Fighting
Human rights group Amnesty International says it has evidence of potential war crimes committed by warring parties vying for control of Libya's capital, Tripoli. In a report issued Tuesday, the London-based rights group said combatants have killed and maimed scores of civilians by launching indiscriminate attacks and using "a range of inaccurate explosive weapons" in populated urban areas. "Scores of civilians have been killed and injured as both sides use everything from Gadhafi-era unguided rockets to modern drone-launched guided missiles in attacks that could amount to war crimes," said Brian Castner, Amnesty International's senior crisis adviser on arms and military operations. Amnesty says its members conducted the first in-depth field investigation across the front line since fighting broke out across Tripoli April 4. The investigators visited 33 air and ground strike sites in and around Tripoli and interviewed witnesses, victims, militia members, local officials and medical workers. Their report found that 100 civilians were killed or wounded and 100,000 others were displaced. VOA
Sudan's Attorney General to Lift Immunity of Former NISS Members
Attorney General Tajelsir El Hibir has taken measures to lift the immunity of members of Sudan's now defunct National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS), allowing them to face charges from the Public Prosecution. In a meeting today with Abubakir Dambalab, Director General of the reformed security apparatus – now called General Intelligence Service (GIS)* – El Hibir discussed a number of issues related to the work of the Public Prosecution, particularly the lifting of the immunities of the members of the now defunct NISS. The Attorney General announced the formation of several committees to investigate cases related to victims of the September 2013 and December 2018 demonstrations, and to hire lawyers with expertise and competence in criminal work. … The GIS, in cooperation with the Public Prosecutor of Khartoum North, has banned a number of leaders of the deposed Al Bashir regime from traveling outside the country. Radio Dabanga
U.S. Working to Rescind Sudan's Designation as State Sponsor of Terrorism: Booth
The United States is doing its best to ensure a quick rescission of Sudan's designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism (SST), said Donald Booth, U.S. Special Envoy for Sudan on Tuesday. Booth made his remarks at the Atlantic Council in Washington which hosted an event on Sudan with the participation of the Sudanese Finance Minister Ibrahim al-Badawi who took part in the Friends of Sudan meeting in Washington on 21 October. In a statement on the outcome of the meeting, the State Department announced they had begun engagement with the Sudanese government on the requirements for (a) potential recession of Sudan's SST designation. The special envoy in his intervention explained that they understand the impact that the SST designation on Sudan pointing it is not the only restriction that prevents them from dealing with Sudan and pointed to congressional acts on Sudan and other acts. Sudan Tribune
'Unique Opportunity' to Resolve Border Dispute between Sudan, South Sudan
The meeting was focused on the disputed, arid, oil-rich border territory of Abyei, where the UN Interim Security Force, UNISFA, has helped to monitor an uneasy peace without formal governance, and protect civilians, since 2011, in the weeks before South Sudan became independent from its northern neighbour. Boundary lines for the ethnically-split rectangle of territory, have not been agreed between the two nations, but both sides agreed to allow UNISFA's neutral presence when inter-communal fighting erupted in 2011, to help foster a more secure environment, until final agreement can be reached. The UN chief of Peace Operations, Jean-Pierre Lacroix, said there had been a "continued partnership" between the two, "notwithstanding the recent change of government in Khartoum", following the overthrow of dictator Omar al-Bashir, presenting a "unique opportunity to move the political process forward on the border issues." UN News
Peacebuilding in Somalia – Another Victim of Climate Change?
Climate change is hampering peacebuilding in Somalia as droughts and floods strengthen the hand of militants and weaken the power of government, a report said on Wednesday. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) said three decades of conflict – coupled with increasingly severe droughts – were posing serious challenges to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM). UNSOM has been in the east African nation since 2013 to advise government on how best to cement peace, be it disarming fighters or bringing rival communities together. "What surprised me most was the impact that climate change has on pretty much every element of UNSOM's mandate," report co-author Florian Krampe told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. Thomson Reuters Foundation
Kenyan Envoy Faults Anti-Terror Financing Efforts
Kenya is asking the international community to target informal sources of finances for groups like al-Shabaab, that have managed to remain active despite military losses, in the war on violent extremism. Kenya's High Commissioner to the UK Manoah Esipisu gave a lecture in London that despite the concerted crackdown on terror merchants, some like al-Shabaab are thriving on informal channels of fundraising. "The military means must be maintained and escalated. This is necessary but insufficient. We will need to fully deal with cash-based financing in areas that terrorists operate," Mr Esipisu told a workshop at the International Institute for Strategic Studies. The institute focuses on international affairs such as counter-terrorism measures. … "These teams must also take aim at its illicit taxation and protection rackets of thousands of businesses and many of the humanitarian organisations in Somalia." The East African
Four Journalists Detained in Burundi's Bubanza Province
Four journalists and a driver were detained by Burundian police on Tuesday morning while on assignment. The team was detained in Bubanza province in the northwestern part of the country. "We call for the immediate release of our journalists Agnes Ndirubusa, Christine Kamikazi, Egide Harerimana, Terence Mpozenzi and the driver Adolphe Masabarakiza," said Leandre Sikuyavuga the director of a local newspaper Iwacu. The journalists with the Iwacu newspaper "were arrested (Tuesday) at midday while trying to get witness statements from residents fleeing the fighting." … Iwacu-one of the last independent publications in the country-has previously reported on cases of extrajudicial killings and arbitrary arrests during attacks in this area of Burundi. AFP
Ugandan Police Detain 16 Men over Suspected Homosexuality
Ugandan police have detained 16 men on suspicion of homosexuality and human trafficking, a rights group said Thursday, as activists fear an increase in targeted attacks against LGBT people. The arrests took place in a neighborhood just outside the capital, Kampala, on Monday as the men were being hosted by another rights group, said Diane Bakuraira of Sexual Minorities Uganda, the country's most prominent LGBT rights group. A police officer confirmed the arrests, saying the men were detained following a "complaint from the public." He spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to reporters. Activists say attacks against LGBT people are increasing amid efforts by Uganda's ethics minister, Simon Lokodo, to introduce a bill that would punish gay sex with death. … Four members of Uganda's LGBT community have been killed in attacks over the last three months, according to Sexual Minorities Uganda. AP
Tanzania Arrests 4 Chinese over 'Slow Construction Projects'
Tanzanian authorities said Thursday they had arrested four Chinese contractors because of slow progress in state-funded construction projects, in what it said was an "example" to other businesses. The three men and a woman are employed by two companies contracted to build a canal and a section of road in Dar es Salaam. Abubakar Kunenge, executive secretary of the Dar es Salaam region, said work on the two schemes was "going nowhere." "The governor of the Dar es Salaam region, Paul Makonda, ordered the arrest of these business people…he wants it to serve as an example to others," said Kunenge. … President John Magufuli's government has become known for meting out summary measures such as breaking or forcing the renegotiation of contracts with foreign companies it considers unfair, or cracking down on gays, pregnant schoolgirls, the media and opposition. AFP
C.A.R. Considers Hosting Russian Military Base
The president of the Central African Republic (CAR), Francois Faustin-Archange Touadera on Friday told RIA news agency his country is considering hosting a Russian military base. Touadera, whose country is emerging from a bloody sectarian conflict, added that he would like Moscow to supply CAR with new weapons. He made the comments in an interview with RIA a day after Russia gathered dozens of African leaders at a summit in southern Russia aimed at expanding Russian influence on the African continent. Visitors examined different Russian arms at the Russia-Africa Economic Forum Exhibition held on the sidelines of the Russia-Africa Summit. The Russian president said the country exports weapons worth 15 billion dollars to African countries. On Wednesday, two two TU-160 strategic fighter planes made an unprecedented trip to South Africa, where they will be used in joint military exercises. Africa News
Russia Turns On the Charm at First Africa Summit
Russia offered nuclear power plants, fighter jets and missile defence systems to African countries in a charm offensive designed to win back influence on the continent, at a summit low on concrete trade and investment deals but high on congeniality. The Kremlin says $12.5bn worth of deals were struck during the first ever Russia-Africa Summit, however the majority were memorandums of understandings that may not result in any investment. "Let's drink to the success of our joint efforts to develop full-scale mutually beneficial co-operation, wellbeing, peaceful future and prosperity of our countries and people," Russian president Vladimir Putin said in a toast at the formal summit dinner in the Black Sea resort of Sochi. For all the warm rhetoric, however, the lack of fully formed deals underscored the gulf in financial firepower between Moscow and Beijing, which last year offered $60bn in financing to African states to fund trade. Financial Times
John Mbiti, 87, Dies; Punctured Myths about African Religions
John Mbiti, a prominent Christian theologian from Kenya who helped debunk entrenched ideas that traditional African religions were primitive, giving them equal weight with major world faiths, died on Oct. 5 at a nursing home in Burgdorf, Switzerland. He was 87. His daughter Maria Mbiti confirmed the death but did not give the cause. In his writings, Mr. Mbiti described a landscape of tribal and national religions in Africa that might have lacked sacred texts like the Bible but that nonetheless lived deeply in people's hearts and minds, in rituals and oral histories, and through priests, elders and kings. "Everyone is a religious carrier," he wrote in his influential book "African Religions and Philosophy" (1969), a result of his field work in Africa. "Wherever the African is," he added, "there is his religion." He disputed characterizations of African religions as anti-Christian at best and practiced by savages at worst – labels that had been used to justify imperialism and slavery. The New York Times


1. Saw, S. N., Low, J. Y. R., Ong, M. H. H., Poh, Y. W., Mattar, C. N. Z., Biswas, A., & Yap, C. H. (2018). Hyperelastic Mechanical Properties of Ex Vivo Normal and Intrauterine Growth Restricted Placenta. ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 46(7), 1066-1077. doi:10.1007/s10439-018-2019-5.
2. Dighe, N. M., Tan, K. W., Tan, L. G., Shaw, S. S. W., Buckley, S. M. K., Sandikin, D., . . . Mattar, C. N. Z. (2018). A comparison of intrauterine hemopoietic cell transplantation and lentiviral gene transfer for the correction of severe beta-thalassemia in a HbbTh3/+ murine model. EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY, 62, 45-55. doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2018.03.006.
3. Saw, S. N., Poh, Y. W., Chia, D., Biswas, A., Mattar, C. N. Z., & Yap, C. H. (2018). Characterization of the hemodynamic wall shear stresses in human umbilical vessels from normal and intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s10237-018-1017-8.
4. Wataganara, T., Gosavi, A., Nawapun, K., Vijayakumar, P. D., Phithakwatchara, N., Choolani, M., . . . Mattar, C. N. Z. (2018). Model surgical training: Skills acquisition in fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of monochorionic diamniotic twin placenta using realistic simulators. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018(133). doi:10.3791/57328.
5. Saw, S. N., Low, J. Y. R., Mattar, C. N. Z., Biswas, A., Chen, L., & Yap, C. H. (2018). MOTORIZING AND OPTIMIZING ULTRASOUND STRAIN ELASTOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION PREGNANCIES. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, 44(3), 532-543. doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.12.007.


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text:
from New Britain, CT
WinGate provides wilderness therapy to troubled teens from New Britain, CT to encourage them in recovery, so they can continue life as mentally healthy young adults.
New BritainNew Britain
WinGate Wilderness Therapy is located in Kanab, UT, and currently does not have a facility located in New Britain, CT. Students from New Britain, who wish to enroll in our program, will be required to travel and temporarily relocate to Utah.
Boarding Schools in New Britain, CT
WinGate Wilderness Therapy is a successful wilderness program that strives to help troubled teens from New Britain, CT who are struggling substance abuse and addiction. Although WinGate is not a traditional Boarding School for Boys, we provide many added benefits to struggling teen boys. Wilderness Therapy is different from traditional boarding schools or treatment centers. By taking away any distractions that may be a part of traditional methods, Wilderness therapy allows teens to focus on recovery. Being outdoors will help teens focus on what is important!
WinGate Wilderness Therapy may be located outside of the New Britain, CT area, however, taking troubled teens out of their element to focus on getting better, is most beneficial. This allows teens to get away from bad influences that may make recovery harder. Troubled teens from around the country are accepted by WinGate including those who are from New Britain, CT.
WinGate Wilderness Therapy is currently looking to help troubled teens and their parents in the New Britain, CT area. For more information, please call (800) 560-1599 today!
New Britain, CT Boarding Schools Alternative
Although WinGate Wilderness Therapy may be located outside of the New Britain, CT area, we accept teens from all over the United States. Most parents find that it is extremely beneficial to send their teen to another area to get them away from bad influences.
Troubled Teens from New Britain, CT May Need a Therapeutic Boarding School
In its early history, planes invented by Leonard Bailey and manufactured by the Stanley Rule and Level Company, were almost universaly used by woodworkers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Those tools are popular among wood craftsmen today.
Interestingly, the wire coat hanger was invented in 1869 by O. A. North of New Britain. Furthermore, the technique of dribbling in basketball was developed at the New Britain YMCA.
Fox61 news ran a piece indicating the following.
"The investigation was specifically into members and associates of Los Solidos, a gang that operates in the South End of Hartford. The investigation utilized court-authorized wiretaps, undercover purchases of heroin, crack cocaine and firearms, and 15 searches."
You might find help for your troubled teen from New Britain, CT at the Hospital of Central Connecticut's Outpatient Psychiatry and Behavioral & Mental Health Department.
The difficulties faced by your teenage son or daughter from New Britain, CT might be better solved by WinGate Wilderness Therapy.
Located in the inspiring beauty of Utah, WinGate Wilderness Therapy can help your troubled teen from New Britain, CT. In a relatively short period, your teen can be on the road to full recovery and restoration.
Call WinGate Wilderness Therapy at (800) 560-1599.
WinGate Wilderness Therapy Helps Troubled Teens From New Britain, CT
Whether your troubled teen suffers from addiction or behavior problems, WinGate Wilderness Therapy can help. We are not located in New Britain, CT, but we can help your teenager who lives there.
At WinGate Wilderness Therapy we totally understand how a trouble teen creates havoc and sadness throughout an entire family. Individual diffiulties become family problems, and often parents have exhausted every possible way of solving the problem. That's where we come in. Our excellent staff cares and is compassionate about your situation.
Troubled teens from New Britain, CT may be dealing with life-destroying problems. Their behavior can also create chaos and confusion in the family. WinGate Wilderness Therapy is the ideal program for bringing your teen and family back to normal. Our entire program is designed to produce positive life-changing and life-long results in the troubled teen.
WinGate Wilderness Therapy is committed to helping your troubled teen from New Britain, CT regain a healthy and effective life. We work with teens who are dealing with drug or alcohol addiction, emotional problems and behavioral issues. Our success rate is affirmed by the large number of testimonials we receive from both parents and teens who have experienced changed lives while in the wilderness.
Family chaos and anger is a common result of a troubled teen experiencing emotional or behavioral issues or struggling with substance abuse probblems. WinGate Wilderness Therapy programs address the whole problem, not just symptoms of deeper difficulties. You can trust our experienced and well-trained staff to help your troubled teen achieve full recovery and restoration.
"Climb the mountains and get their good tidings. Nature's peace will flow into you as sunshine flows into trees. The winds will blow their own freshness into you, and the storms their energy, while cares will drop away from you like the leaves of Autumn."
- John Muir
Why Wilderness Therapy Works
Wilderness therapy is often the last option loved ones think of when an adolescent or teen is in trouble - but it is one of the most...
Rates in mental illness and emotional distress continue to rise, leaving present-day health professionals, public officials, and parents...
Troubled Adolescents Battling Anxiety Disorders
Troubled Adolescents Battling Anxiety Disorders For troubled adolescents, anxiety is a normal reaction to stress. Responsibilities like...
Cathy and Greg's Testimony
Sending Our Children To WinGate Four years ago, we had to make one of the most difficult decisions we've ever had to make. For years we...
For someone genetically predisposed to an eating disorder, dieting caused by a negative body image could trigger one. However for the...
Social skills are the skills that help each of us adapt to a social environment. They provide the ability to cooperate, coordinate, and...
He's No Taller Than A 3-Wood, But 6 Year...
James Grimes is an avid golfer. The Covington resident practices or plays five or six times a week at Abita Springs Golf Club, and...
WinGate Wilderness Therapy offers an exclusive treatment environment. The seclusion they provide, outside of all the busy daily...
Transpersonal Wilderness Therapy
Transpersonal therapy doesn
Help Your Children Build Coping Skills
Survive Your Difficult Family By Being Calm
A Clinical Alternative to 911 Calls Related to...
Troubled Teens Struggling With Anger Issues
Jul 31Jul 31, 2018
Nature's Therapeutic Effects on Troubled...


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Home Financial Services Fines SFC reprimands and fines Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) $39.3 million
SFC reprimands and fines Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) $39.3 million
Fines February 8, 2018 —by Valentina Kirilova 0
The Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) announced that it has resolved its concerns with Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) Limited (CSHK), Credit Suisse Securities (Hong Kong) Limited (CSSHK) and Credit Suisse AG (CSAG) (collectively, Credit Suisse) over internal control failures.
Under the resolution, the SFC reprimanded and fined Credit Suisse a total of $39.3 million for regulatory breaches, including failures in segregating client securities, reporting direct business transactions, complying with short selling requirements, electronic trading requirements and contract notes rules as well as failures in internal controls designed to ensure that investment products sold to customers were suitable.
The SFC's disciplinary action followed independent reviews agreed by the SFC and Credit Suisse and an SFC investigation, which found that:
CSHK had:
failed to segregate client securities from house securities from February 2010 to May 2016, and used client securities on 672 occasions to settle proprietary transactions;
failed to ensure compliance with short selling requirements following the restructuring of certain trading books, resulting in 159 oversold transactions between December 2014 and July 2015, of which 94 transactions were uncovered
short sell orders;
failed to ensure that a pre-trade control for its electronic algorithm trading systems was properly configured for all of its execution dealers; and
failed to comply with the short position reporting requirements, which resulted in a failure of itself and three affiliate companies to report over 1,200 reportable short positions to the SFC between June 2012 and October 2014.
CSSHK had:
failed to comply with the direct business transactions reporting requirements in respect of trading on 30 November 2010, resulting in the late reporting of over 120 transactions to The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) on 1 December 2010, and the failure to report or duplication of reporting of nearly 200 transactions to the SEHK between 2010 and 2015; and
unnecessarily reported 78 cross trades to the SEHK from January 2015 to August 2015.
CSAG had:
failed to ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements pertaining to the sale of investment products and ensure the effective operation of controls governing transactions where investment product risk classification exceeded client risk profile, in particular through the exclusion of transactions from post-trade risk mismatch supervisory reports between January 2010 and March 2016 and through insufficient policies, procedures and supervision;
failed to ensure the suitability of six risk mismatch transactions for clients over the period between January 2010 and January 2013; and
failed to provide and disclose certain information to clients pursuant to the contract notes requirements between April 2003 and April 2017.
The SFC considers that Credit Suisse's systems and controls were inadequate and failed to ensure compliance with the Securities and Futures (Client Securities) Rules, Securities and Futures (Short Position Reporting) Rules, Securities and Futures (Contract Notes, Statements of Account and Receipts) Rules, short selling provisions of the Securities and Futures Ordinance, Trading Rules of the SEHK, and various provisions of the Code of Conduct.
The SFC's Executive Director of Enforcement, Mr Thomas Atkinson, said:
In this instance, Credit Suisse's prompt and extensive co-operation have significantly expedited the effective resolution of the issues that caused the SFC's concerns. Otherwise, the sanctions for similar failures would have been substantially higher.
In reaching this resolution, the SFC took into account all circumstances, including:
Credit Suisse self-reported their regulatory breaches and failings to the SFC and involved their senior management to address the SFC's regulatory concerns at an early stage;
Credit Suisse's engagement of independent reviewers to conduct investigations into the SFC's regulatory concerns and to review their respective internal controls and systems;
Credit Suisse's remedial actions to strengthen their internal controls and systems following the self-reported breaches;
CSAG's agreement to fully compensate the affected clients (in a total amount of around $7.6 million) in respect of 10 transactions that were found to be either unsuitable or inconclusive as to their suitability for the clients;
Credit Suisse's full co-operation with the SFC to resolve the SFC's regulatory concerns; and
CSHK and CSAG have no disciplinary record with the SFC.
SFC fines
Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission
Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) Limited (CSHK)
Credit Suisse Securities (Hong Kong) Limited (CSSHK)
Credit Suisse AG (CSAG)
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Special job fair held for employees of closed mental-health nonprofit
Rita Price
rprice@dispatch.com
As Ashraf Mussa walked around the job fair Thursday, collecting business cards and trying to figure out where he might work next, his mind drifted to his former clients.
So many of them were sick and lonely.
Mussa never dreamed that such a busy mental-health nonprofit as Columbus Area Integrated Health Services would suddenly go dark, separating him from the men and women who depended on him to help navigate illness, addiction and poverty.
"One of them used to call me every day, two or three times, just to make sure I was still going to provide service to him," said Mussa, a former case manager at the nonprofit. "He wanted to know that I still liked him, that I still cared."
A little more than a week after the April 30 financial collapse of one of the city's oldest behavioral health agencies, advocates for the patients and workers continue to mop up a mess that is expected to result in a bankruptcy filing by Columbus Area Integrated Health Services.
The nonprofit organization's chief executive and its financial officer borrowed hundreds of thousands of dollars, without telling the board of trustees, in a desperate effort to scrape by until they could resolve billing problems and increase receivables, the board's attorney, Larry James, said this week.
"You're talking about payday lending-type loans," James said, with exorbitant interest rates and daily debits from Columbus Area's accounts.
When the East Side nonprofit folded, it left an estimated 2,000 people in need of care and more than 117 employees, including the 54-year-old Mussa, out of work.
Mussa and many of those former employees were at the OhioMeansJobs center at 1111 E. Broad St. for a customized job and resource fair Thursday organized by the Workforce Development Board of Central Ohio and the Alcohol, Drug and Mental Health Board of Franklin County. Nearly 20 local health and social-service employers with job openings set up tables to talk to the furloughed workers, all of whom have gone without pay for more than a month.
"Twenty-nine years you give and then you're treated like crap," said Joyce Braunstein, 65, former medical records manager at Columbus Area Integrated. "We worked for months without supplies. We didn't have toilet paper, didn't have soap. It got to be a dirty place."
Shanika Turner, 43, said she made the mistake of taking her last paycheck from Columbus Area Integrated to a check-cashing business that is trying to penalize her because it bounced. "They charged me $200 on top of everything," she said.
Former employees now suspect their taxes were not properly withheld, and they don't know how they can get health insurance. Promised payouts for unused vacation presumably are moot. "Any benefits we had, we lost," Turner said. "I watched a lot of my co-workers cry."
Aimee Shadwick, a spokeswoman for the ADAMH board, said staff members and former Columbus Area Integrated employees are making good progress connecting clients to other care providers. The state appointed the ADAMH board to serve as the temporary administrator.
"With the highest-acuity folks, they have gone out and met with them and brought them here," said Shadwick, who is among those working on site at the Columbus Area Integrated clinic at 1515 E. Broad St. on the Near East Side.
LaToyia Smith, a Columbus Area Integrated employee for 16 years, said she's never before applied for unemployment compensation. She was dedicated to her work as an administrative assistant and, like other former employees, is frustrated there was so little transparency about the nonprofit's financial situation.
"As one of my co-workers stated, the staff wasn't allowed or invited to be involved in the solution," Smith said. "Everybody cares about the work we do, everybody cares about the clients."
@RitaPrice
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Year 1 entertained all the classes brilliantly this week, with their wonderful class assembly on the theme of pirates! It really was most impressive, filled with fun and laughter not to mention drama, music, dance, story writing and map work. It never ceases to amaze me how much can be packed into a topic. But what was clear was the sheer enthusiasm and enjoyment the children had for their performance which they delivered with heaps of confidence. Take a look at the pictures to get a flavour of the assembly. The children were bursting with pride and I know that many a snap was taken for the family albums by doting family members. Fantastic!
Year 3 and Year 5 took part in a sticker workshop as part of the Ouseburn Festival. They made a selection of decorations and costumes on a theme of dinosaurs. They had some wonderful ideas and really enjoyed recycling a range of materials to get the right look for the parade. I can't wait to se what you have produced in action in July.
Year 6 visited Woodlands centre to taste some typical Spanish Tapas as part of the VAMOS festival. They met up with some of the Heaton Manor students who are studying Spanish and had helped prepare the event.Their verdict was, it was absolutely delicious!
Mrs Armstrong in Reception was delighted with Adil's great progress with his number work. Mrs Armstrong was also very impressed with the great amount of knowledge that George has about animals. What superstars you both are. In Year 1 Mrs Knowles has singled out for special praise this week Heather, Himshu, and Adam for their amazing work with one step word problems. She also wanted me to know about the super reading Hannah and Emily M are doing at the moment. Just think what you will all achieve in Year 2. You amaze me! Mrs Dunn and Mrs. Robson were bowled over by the hilarious limericks that Sylvie, Suzy, Alex and Charlie created. We have enjoyed the giggle which is exactly what they were designed to do. How clever you all are! In Year 3, Ms Hancock and Ms Parker have been very impressed with the great concentration and fabulous art work Jamie, Mehmetcan and Dylan have produced. You certainly know how to impress. Well done! Mrs Hamil and Mrs Robinson delighted with the high quality art work that Desika, Lucy Gre, Lucy H, Iona, Nour, Leo and Leon have produced all cleverly linked to the World Cup. Your ideas are very innovative and original. I am very proud of you. Ms Taylor has been extremely impressed with Kyle and Lauren H who find Maths tricky bit are developing strong powers of perseverance. They just won't give up! Well done and I am very proud of you. I just know you will all relish the challenge of Year 6. Ms Andrews has been delighted with how hard Tommy has been working and the progress he has made. This is wonderful news and long may it continue! She has been overwhelmed with the quality if the lego-technic work that Fatima, Bethan and Michael have produced. You will be the engineers of the future I am sure. Well done! A special mention goes to all our children who took part in the trampolining event at Heaton Manor. You were wonderful ambassadors for our school. Thank you!
Our top attending class this week was Year 4 with 100% attendance and have gained 5 minutes extra playtime.
I look forward to reporting to you more exciting learning opportunities for our remarkable children. Have a good week!


NSYNC's appearance wasn't much of a surprise to anyone since Ariana has been tweeting generous hints for a while now. But still, the demographic for which an NSYNC reunion featuring Ariana Grande causes excitement, lost their minds. Ariana introduced the set with the rallying cry "I've been rehearsing my entire motherfucking life for this moment. Coachella, NSYNC!", and nobody, as far as I can tell, let out a pained moan of "BUT WHAT ABOUT JUSTIN?" when they took the stage. JC Chasez's middle-aged singer/songwriter hair was enough to keep the fans happy. Here's a clip.
She joined the group after performing a remixed version of her NSYNC-sampling "Break Up With Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" with them for an Ari-fied version of their classic "Tearin' Up My Heart," absolutely nailing the original choreography alongside JC Chasez, Lance Bass, Chris Kirkpatrick, and Joey Fatone, who later personally carried Ari back to the stage in his arms. "We'll be back," Chasez later teased of NSYNC's future.
Originally, Justin was supposed to be headlining Coachella himself, but had to drop out due to the delayed end of his Man of The Woods tour. Sadly for Justin, all the cool kids were at Coachella, and not the Mohegan Sun Casino in Connecticut where he was wrapping up his tour. And when I say cool kids, I'm referring specifically to James Corden and Justin Bieber wearing a Jebediah beard .
And so it seems there is the possibility of life after Justin for NSYNC. As long as everybody is vigilant about taking their calcium supplements, and no one breaks a hip.