text:
(Redirected from Poetic Justice)
Poetic justice is a literary device in which virtue is ultimately rewarded or vice punished, often in modern literature by an ironic twist of fate intimately related to the character's own conduct.
1 Origin of the term
2 History of the notion
4 Examples in television and film
English drama critic Thomas Rymer coined the phrase in The Tragedies of the Last Age Considere'd (1678) to describe how a work should inspire proper moral behaviour in its audience by illustrating the triumph of good over evil. The demand for poetic justice is consistent in Classical authorities and shows up in Horace, Plutarch, and Quintillian, so Rymer's phrasing is a reflection of a commonplace. Philip Sidney, in Defense of Poetry, argued that poetic justice was, in fact, the reason that fiction should be allowed in a civilized nation.
History of the notion
Notably, poetic justice does not merely require that vice be punished and virtue rewarded, but also that logic triumph. If, for example, a character is dominated by greed for most of a romance or drama, he cannot become generous. The action of a play, poem, or fiction must obey the rules of logic as well as morality, and when the humour theory was dominant poetic justice was part of the justification for humor plays. During the late 17th century, critics pursuing a neo-classical standard would criticize William Shakespeare in favor of Ben Jonson precisely on the grounds that Shakespeare's characters change during the course of the play. (See Shakespeare's reputation for more on the Shakespeare/Jonson dichotomy.) When Restoration comedy, in particular, flouted poetic justice by rewarding libertines and punishing dull-witted moralists, there was a backlash in favor of drama, in particular, of more strict moral correspondence.
"For 'tis the sport to have the engineer / Hoist with his own petard." (Shakespeare, Hamlet (III.iv.207).)
The story of Esther includes two instances of poetic justice, both involving Haman. Ultimately, Haman is executed on the gallows that he had prepared for Esther's cousin Mordecai.
Dante's Divine Comedy reads like a compendium of examples of poetic justice.
Almost every episode of The Twilight Zone features poetic justice, usually due to an ironic twist.
An interesting and unusual example of poetic justice is found in Dr Pradhan's Sahitya Akademi award-winning poem Equation where the economic-sexual exploiters of poor tribals in Kalahandi, (Orissa) get paid back in their own coin when they get afflicted with various maladies and sexually transmitted diseases.
The self-fulfilling prophecy can be considered an early example of poetic justice. One example of this is the ancient Sanskrit story of Krishna, where King Kamsa is told in a prophecy that a child of his sister Devaki would kill him. In order to prevent it, he imprisons both Devaki and her husband Vasudeva, allowing them to live only if they hand over their children as soon as they are born. He murders nearly all of them one by one, but the eighth child, Krishna, is saved and raised by a cowherd couple, Nanda and Yasoda. After growing up and returning to his kingdom, Krishna eventually kills Kamsa. In other words, Kamsa's cruelty in order to prevent his death is what led to him being killed.
Examples in television and film
Poetic justice is referred to in The Simpsons episode "Boy Scoutz N the Hood." When Bart returns home from a Junior Campers meeting Homer asks "How was jerk practice, boy? Did they teach you how to sing to trees and build crappy furniture out of useless wooden logs?" The chair that Homer is sitting on then breaks and he declares "D'oh! Stupid poetic justice."
In the film Batman Returns, The Penguin informs his traitorous cohort Max Shreck, that he will be killed in a pool of the toxic byproducts from his "clean" textile plant. The Penguin goes on to wonder if this is tragic irony or poetic justice.
In the film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Indy's love interest Dr. Elsa Schneider is a Nazi agent. After this revelation, she tries fooling Indy and others saying, "I believe in the grail, not the swastika." Yet, she continues working with the Nazis and Walter Donovan. She tricks Donovan into drinking from the false grail and he dies a horrible death. In the end, poetic justice comes in the form of her death. She tries stealing the grail and triggers an earthquake. Indy grabs her hand before she falls into a bottomless pit. Yet, her greed overcomes her and she reaches for the grail again, causing Indy to lose his grip on her. Indy's father, Henry Jones Sr., sums her death up, saying, "Elsa never really believed in the grail. She thought she found a prize."
Disney films, most specifically animated films, often use poetic justice as an ending device (examples include The Lion King, Aladdin, and The Great Mouse Detective, among many others), with the hero being rewarded, and the villain being punished in ironic and, occasionally, fatal ways.
In the film, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, as well as in the short story and the musical, the titular character, Sweeney Todd, kills his customers with a razor blade. In a twist of the story, at the end, having assassinated the Judge and the Beadle, Todd is killed by Toby, a boy he kept with Mrs. Lovett, with his own razor blade, while Mrs. Lovett, who bakes the dead customers into meat pies, is thrown into her own oven to bake to death by Todd.
In the film Back to the Future 2, when Marty McFly is on the roof top of Biff's Casino & Hotel, Biff issues a nod to poetic justice before admitting to killing Marty's father, George Mcfly, with the same gun he intends to kill Marty with.
Some caper films end with poetic justice, when a criminal gang's takings of a well planned heist are lost in a manner that is usually not quite their own fault, in complete opposition to the perfect execution of the crime itself. A striking example are the last minutes of Mélodie en sous-sol or the original versions of Ocean's Eleven and The Italian Job.
In the television series Avatar: The Last Airbender, several characters find poetic justice. This is most noticeable in the episode The Southern Raiders, in which a character who killed two main characters' mother lives with his own mother in retirement, who is angry and constantly berating and talking down to him.
In the film Cruel Intentions, Kathryn, who has been holding up an image of purity, innocence, and popularity while actually being manipulative, deceitful, and two-faced, is exposed at the end of the film due to the diary of her stepbrother Sebastian, who had just recently died.
In the film The Killing, after a very carefully planned, and at first successful robbery, a series of unexpected side events (an unfaithful and greedy wife, a too weak suitcase...) ends up with most of the gang killed, the money scattered by the wind at the airport, causing the mastermind to be arrested just when he was about to flee the country.
In the TV series The X-Files episode "Darkness Falls," Mulder theorizes that a group of missing loggers are victims of attacks by extinct insects released from dormancy when the loggers cut down a 700 year-old tree. An environmental activist named Doug Spinney, who previously exposed the cut-down tree as one deliberately marked to be protected, then remarks, "That would be rather poetic justice, don't you think? Unleashing the very thing that would end up killing them?"
Conflict between good and evil
Petard (to be hoisted by one's own)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Poetic justice" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://www.artandpopularculture.com/Poetic_justice"
This page was last modified 05:45, 8 May 2015.


Housed in a heritage shop-house within walking distance of Maxwell Road Hawker Centre and Amoy Street Food Centre, Box Capsule Hostel offers affordable accommodation with free WiFi and a daily breakfast.
The hostel is centrally located in the heart of the city. Raffles Place is 950 m away while the iconic Marina Bay Sands is 2 km away. You can also check out the vibrant streets of Chinatown, just 500 m away. Sentosa Island is 4 km away while Changi International Airport is 17 km from the hostel.
Dormitory rooms are cooled with air conditioning. They feature contemporary décor and come with individual personal lockers and curtains for privacy. Guests have access to the shared bathroom facilities and can choose between soft or hard pillows.
Attraction tickets are available at a discount at the hostel, which features friendly staff. Guests can relax on a full body massage chair or use a neck massager and foot massager. Free usage of the computers is available at the lobby.
Breakfast includes a free flow of coffee, tea, milk and juice, Box Capsule Hostel does not house a restaurant however guests can sample various cafes, restaurants and bars nearby.
Chinatown is a great choice for travellers interested in convenient public transport, city trips and culturally diverse food.


Put in money to bring in more cash and you'll flourish in your company. You may well be common to working your firm in a similar fashion with regards to several of years which usually started a long time before the universe wide web. Running a business, it's actually no varied, but it is a great package more difficult to distinguish and figure out. Just about every business varies and needs a different strategy. You might be much more likely to achieve success if the company is found in a niche that you've received a found in and can have got fun with. An provided business features dramatic duty benefits and write-offs. A lot of are solely informative, even though are supposed to generate fresh business leads.
To be able to deal with anything found in life in addition to business, you will need to have the ability to evaluate it. Belief Setting up In the event you really ought to continue to keep your small business growing, guarantee that it could basic with respect to your customers to store with you. Pertaining to any business to produce a from the market it wishes to needs to acquire its own trademark and is certainly for sale in a lot of businesses. In the event you're thinking about an net business or maybe a work in business opportunity, you have to be sensible enough to do the study. Building a net business or perhaps employment from your own home business does not call intended for substantial volumes of set up capital.
Balancing Function and House When occur to be an organization owner it can be tricky to discover an be equivalenent to equilibrium among home life with your close family and life by means of your enterprise. Oftentimes, company owners think that branding is easily the company logo and the routine of your advertising and marketing content. What various small business owners are appreciating is that it has the time to get the organization suit to end up being able to get ready for a departure even if this kind of exit is known as a variety of years into the potential. Plenty of new business owners believe that competition isn't really a positive thing.
Bank card providers, insurance businesses, plus the providers will likely need to maintain the on the less-than-reputable circumstances against virtually any type of problems for their very own companies. Today, internet at this time there are a huge selection of service providers now. While there are lots of service providers of electronic data rooms quickly available today, not every them present the very same features.
Don't get people to work to supply you with business. It ought to be clear what your company is providing and give an example of just the approach that it definitely will enable the customer. It can right now possible to market your business to anybody everywhere for virtually no price label. If you want to locate the greatest from your corporation, you need to commit period, cash and energy in it. Getting Started Logos Your Business Although it can be vast to consider branding your small business, the key point to keep in mind your designed audience and their demands. You currently possess a prosperous organization and curious about got good repeat clients and word-of-mouth customers.
There is not anything at all incorrect with planning to enhance your enterprise strategies to be able to have your already effective business much more successful. Before you do so, discover why you may like to construct a business application and give full attention to the essential factors. A list of those who you will desire to seek the services of to put into action your small business package or marketing plan (if you don't have this company abilities and time, yourself, to do all the work). To read more examine right here pwcgroup.eu .


Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling is moving out of favor even as companies are attempting more aggressive power reduction. Will it have a resurgence?
Power reduction is one of the most important aspects of chip design these days, but not all power reduction techniques are used equally. Some that were once important are fading and dynamic voltage, and frequency scaling (DVFS) is one of them. What's changed, and will we see a resurgence in the future?
It sounds simple enough, yet in a survey performed by Calypto last year, only 24% of the respondents said they were using DVFS.
Whereas most power optimization techniques can be performed at the RT level or below, DVFS requires many system-level decisions to be made. What is the scope of it — full chip, core clusters or individual cores? How many operating points should it have or should it be continuous? Should there be on-chip or off-chip voltage regulators? Can it be used during a transition? How will it impact verification? But perhaps worst of all, it involves hardware and software working co-operatively.
When chips contained a single core, the decision was much simpler, but SoCs today contain many clusters of heterogeneous cores.
Viswanath provides information about three ways in which the problem is being tackled. At the operating system level, Linux uses a standard infrastructure called cpu-freq to implement DVFS; cpu-freq is the subsystem of the Linux kernel that allows frequency to be explicitly set on processors.
AutoDVS is a dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) system for handheld computers. AutoDVS distinguishes common, coarse-grained, program behavior and couples forecasting techniques to make predictions of future behavior. AutoDVS estimates periods of user interactivity, user non-interactivity (think time), and computation, per program and system-wide to ensure quality of service while reducing energy consumption.
Another approach has been to look at application-directed DVFS with the observation that it is difficult to achieve good results using only statistics from the OS when applications show bursty (unpredictable) behavior. The approach here is that such applications must be made power-aware, and specify their Average Execution Time (AET) and a deadline to the scheduler controlling the clock speed and processor voltage. They implement an Energy Priority Scheduling (EPS) algorithm supporting power-aware applications. EPS orders tasks according to how tight their deadlines are and how often tasks overlap.
So should you attempt operation during the transition? By not operating you can do the transition faster and utilize a less expensive regulator.
To overcome these problems Zhao says that designers tend to overdesign and put in plenty of guard banding in order to minimize the problems. But if too much is put in, then the gains may be wasted and it appears as though more people have decided that the complexity is just not worth it anymore. There are easier ways.
I think key is how to set up or select the operation points for DVFS.
Do you have this information?
It's pretty much impossible to verify DVFS with Verilog models in VCS (or similar), and doing functional verification in SPICE isn't tractable.
Verilog-AMS was supposed to fix that by letting you back-annotate analog effects like variable supplies and real wiring into the post P&R sign-off simulations, but Cadence screwed up the implementation, and nobody ever turned up at Accellera asking for it to be fixed.
The same issues apply to using body-biasing in FDSOI, and so far nobody at GF seems to be asking for that to be fixed.
In higher variability Silicon you really want to use asynchronous design, but that isn't supported in the standard Verilog flow either.


text:
Ray Ban Aviator Light Ray Ii
In seeking to improve student outcomes, governments may choose to exercise direct control over schools, as in many centralised systems, or to provide frameworks for intermediate bodies to engage in improvement activities. One such body is the National College for School Leadership (NCSL), now the National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) in England. The Department of Education of the South African province of Gauteng (GDE) has also chosen to implement its school improvement programmes partly through two specialist units, the Sci Bono Discovery Centre, which focuses on maths, science and technology (MST), and the Matthew Goniwe School of Leadership and Governance (MGSLG), which specialises in school leadership, management, governance and teacher development.
A real asset to the park. My word, it was a busy day at the park but they kept the park open an additional hour which was appreciated by all. I wish the park was a little more 'Dollyfied' as we didn't see a whole lot of Dolly related stuff but it was still a great day out.
Seventeen participants underwent fNIRS imaging in two sessions separated by three months. In a block design, participants were presented with auditory speech, visual speech (silent speechreading), and audiovisual speech conditions. Optode arrays were placed bilaterally over the temporal lobes, targeting auditory brain regions.
Oui c'est bien sandra. Elle la conna bien janine, elles vont boire des coups ensemble de temps en temps, quand les temps sont durs. Jean bien s lui, n'avait jamais su qu'elle savait, et resterait s comme comme d'habitude. 9th September 2016Quote: "Very big studio pictures are tedious to make. If you've got 80 people in your crew, as opposed to two or three, suddenly you're with all these massive fking egos walking around. All that takes up time and money, which is why they take five months to shoot.
Aleppo is the largest city in Syria larger and more populous than even Syria capital, Damascus. It also incredibly old folks have been living in Aleppo for about seven thousand years. At the height of the Ottoman Empire, Aleppo was rivaled only by Cairo and Constantinople in size.
The truck led police on a long chase, hopping curbs, doing U turns and maneuvering around other vehicles and police. There appeared to be dozens of police officers and vehicles in pursuit of the UPS truck as it sped along multi lane roads and through intersections. By the time the chase ended, more than 40 emergency vehicles were stopped with lights flashing behind the brown truck..
Ray Ban Aviator Lens Repair
Ray Ban New Wayfarer Light Ray

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In order to activate Target Gift Card using Target Gift Card Customer Care Number, you have to dial.
And the second main tip is users dont know that you cannot share your personal or card details through anything for example never share your password, pin, and your username through SMS, E-mail etc.
Once you finish your task you have to enter your personal details like your first name how to get money off a vanilla visa gift card and your last name etc.Do you want to, activate Target Gift Card or, target Gift Card Activation?In order to activate Target Gift Card first thing is users have to do is visit the portal link here.Once your phone call is connected to Target Gift Card Customer Care officer you have to tell the Target Gift Card Customer Care Officer about Target Gift Card Activation.The users will get every possible option to Activate Target Gift Card and we offer step by step guidance to get success.After that, you have to enter your E-Mail Address.I Want To Activate this cardCancel this card.When you complete your task you have to provide your personal details like your full name and your full address and your date of birth etc.GiftCard General terms and conditions carefully.
The users are advised to go through the procedure very carefully and share your details.
GiftCard is an Electronic money facility issued by iCard AD authorised and regulated by the Bulgarian National Bank as an Electronic Money Institution under the Electronic Money Directive 2009/110/EC with license.
Now, lets take a look at available methods and its quick steps.If users want to activate the Target Gift Card online you have to remember that the users can activate the Target Gift Card only on Target Gift Card Official site that is shown below.Universal Gift Cards prepaid gift cards are issued by Heritage Bank Limited ABN afsl/ACL.GiftCard, virtual giftcard, egift are registered trademarks.As well as it offers safety and quicker transactions, by using Target Gift Card users will find its various advantages like Bonus, Discount, Gifts, Cash Back etc.Supercheap Auto, bCF, rays, rebel, enter Card Details, bulk Request Number * Please enter your bulk request number.The users are required to have an Internet connection in order to start the procedure online.Quick Tips: If users pick any strange calls that want to know your card details and your personal details if you pick up this type of calls then you must know that these calls are mostly are fake and these calls are trying to get your.However, there are several ways to Activate Target Gift Card that customers need to cross check in order to get success.Activation Code * Please enter your activation code.Principal Member of Mastercard, visa and JCB.When you complete your work you have creat your Password And after that click on Create-Account.And now every card activation is easy with.Check Here: Target Gift Card Activation Online, quick Tips: We show you many things that you have to memorize.


"As an acupuncturist, I had a strong aversion to doing my own bookkeeping because I'd much rather be spending time on patient care. I simply did not have the discipline or extra time to both run my clinic effectively and handle the financials. I was hesitant to give away the control of my practice because I had always done everything myself.I selected KEM because I felt they were trustworthy and I knew I would be putting my company in good hands. I love the ease of working with them, the care they put into each interaction, and the individualized attention. Since hiring KEM, I have my freedom back. Tax season is no longer dreadful and, for the first time, my deadlines are met, bills are organized, and payroll is seamless! I recommend them a million times over!"
Accounting Services – Develop an easy to manage system that eliminates stress and lets you focus on growth.
Training & Support – We provide full training and support on QuickBooks Online, QuickBooks Desktop and QuickBooks Enterprise.
Strategic Business Development – Our focus is to understand your business functions, evaluate your financial performance and help you develop a strategic business plan.
Custom Services – We offer additional services tailored to meet your needs.
Ready to get started with a free consultation?


text:
new_graph("temp", true, '_type=milliseconds&number=' + Date.now());
next = 'pres_rain';
$( document ).ajaxComplete(function() {
    if (next=='pres_rain'){
        new_graph("pres_rain", true, '_type=milliseconds&number=' + Date.now());
        next = 'humi';
    }else if (next=='humi'){
        new_graph("humi", true, '_type=milliseconds&number=' + Date.now());
        next = 'wind';
    }else if (next=='wind'){
        new_graph("wind", true, '_type=milliseconds&number=' + Date.now());
        next = 'wind_d_avg';
    }else if (next=='wind_d_avg'){
        new_graph("wind_d_avg", false, '_type=milliseconds&number=' + Date.now());
        next = 'None';
    };
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home →IT News & Trends →iPad's Dominance Helped by Enterprise, Education Markets
iPad's Dominance Helped by Enterprise, Education Markets
Apple CEO Tim Cook, following sales of 17 million iPads during the second quarter and strong sales to the education market, said he has yet to see any competitor gain any level of traction.
Apple sold 17 million iPads during its second quarter, marking a "new all-time quarterly record for iPad units sales," CFO Peter Oppenheimer said during Apple s July 24 earnings call. Along with its accessories, the tablet contributed $9.2 billion to the $35 billion in revenue Apple brought in during the quarter.
While the iPad was first introduced with a consumer emphasis, executives needed none of the prompting they did with the iPhone, and the tablet quickly found audiences in any number of enterprise verticals. During the earnings call, these were detailed a bit, with Oppenheimer naming education as a vertical where the iPad is finding "tremendous momentum."
"While interest in the new iPad was high, sales of the reduced price iPad 2 in the K-12 markets were particularly strong, and even though we achieved all-time record Mac sales to U.S. education institutions during the quarter, we sold more than twice as many iPads as Macs to U.S. education institutions," said Oppenheimer.
The Mansfield, Texas, Independent School District, for example, purchased 11,000 iPads, with the intention that every student and teacher will receive one.
Some teachers will use a flipped-classroom concept, putting their lessons and resources online where students can access them anytime with their iPads, said Oppenheimer. As a result, students take responsibility for their own learning, and teachers are able to increase their interaction and personalized content time.
Apple estimates, said Oppenheimer, the number of iPads in Fortune 500 companies has more than tripled in the past year. They're being adopted by large businesses--British Airways, for example, is using iPads for everything from check-in to cabin services--and (for now) smaller ones. A builder in Japan called Dialogue House is building smart homes that will be controlled by iPads.
While the smartphone market has moved beyond iPhone-dominance, Pund-IT principal analyst Charles King told eWEEK, "the tablet market is mostly about the iPad just now."


3D panels consist of the natural tree impregnated with natural oil that allows a tree "to breathe" as oil does not close a time, in difference from a varnish. It gives the chance to install panels from a natural tree in any rooms, without doing any harm to your health. Lamels in a tile, have different thickness, giving surfaces 3d effect. Lamels do not undergo sorting therefore there is no monotony of the drawing in the module of a tile, small knots and sapwoods, contrast drawings of wood meet that forces a 3D tile "to play" not only due to texture, but also due to color. Interior 3d panels from a tree it is intended for finishing of walls, piers, columns, niches, allocations of area of a headboard of a bed, the TV, finishing of bar counters and other. It is recommended to use a 3D tile indoors.
The board of a tree looks very richly! Application is limited only to your imagination. in the Megastroytorg company, you can order 3D panels from a tree various flowers of impregnation, oil-wax, and we can put a patina, also process independently on an object. Delivery of 3D panels from a natural tree is carried out to all regions of RB and the CIS country. By agreement.


Jacksonville State University is located in the foothills of northeast Alabama.
Jacksonville's convenient location allows quick travel to Birmingham Alabama (75 miles – 1h20min) and to Atlanta Georgia (94 miles – 1h40min).
Where you're going is a home away from home. Living on campus can be a very memorable element of your college experience. Our mission is to foster a vibrant living and learning-centered community that cultivates personal development, celebrates diversity, promotes leadership, and enhances the educational experience of each resident. At JSU, you will find that residence halls are in the middle of it all and convenient to your classes and campus activities.More than seventy-nine percent of JSU students receive some form of financial aid. Over $80 million was awarded last year in scholarships, loans, grants, or campus employment. Our Student Financial Services staff is always ready to serve you and answer all of your questions.You will make close friends and still meet someone new every day. At Jacksonville State University, we realize that your education and experiences are not strictly gained in a classroom. Campus involvement plays a tremendous role in developing not only your mind, but also you as a person. Share your voice by participating in he Student Government Association. Apply to join the Freshman Forum and develop leadership skills that will last a lifetime. Volunteer to lend a hand and support one of our many community service projects. With more than a hundred clubs and organizations, you will find endless opportunities on campus to meet new people and make new friends.With all of these opportunities, and more that are available at the "friendliest campus in the south," you're bound to become the person you strive to be.
Academic Programs: Over 45 degree programs, including bachelor's, master's, post-baccalaureate, doctoral and advanced certificate programs.
Athletics: JSU is the only school in the nation to lay claim to NCAA national titles in football, men's basketball and baseball at the Division I or Division II levels.
204 International Students representing 61 countries.
However if a student applies for conditional admission and successfully complete ESL program, the student is not required to take English proficiency test.
This scholarship is awarded to recognize incoming students who exhibit particularly outstanding academic achievements. There is NO separate application for this scholarship program. Students who have been unconditionally admitted to JSU will automatically be considered if they meet the minimum ACT Composite/SAT Critical Reading + Math test scores and GPA to be eligible for each tier.
This scholarship is awarded to those transfer students who have earned any associates degree with 3.0 GPA of higher (JSU calculated). Students cannot have previously attended JSU or any other four-year institution as a full-time student.
Our institution offers a unique cultural program through our International House. We are continuously looking for outstanding students from all around the world to be represented in our IH program. As you may already know that we have had IH program at JSU for over 70 years and hosted international students from all over the world. The mission of our program is to promote global peace, friendship and better intercultural understanding among individuals from diverse background.
Students accepted into our International House program will receive housing scholarship and out of state tuition waiver. Out of state tuition waiver means that students will be awarded in-state tuition rate.


Samurai Sam's is located at 3578 Hartsel Dr, Ste F in Colorado springs near the intersection of Ordway Dr and E Woodmen Rd. Their menu consists of Japanese and Chinese dishes . Call (719) 265-8779 today!
Tell us more about Samurai Sam's Colorado springs!
Be the first to review Samurai Sam's!
The details of Samurai Sam's at 3578 Hartsel Dr, Ste F in Colorado springs are provided on a best effort basis. We try to provide the best and most up-to-date information for Samurai Sam's however, there may be discrepencies. It's always best to verify the details with the restaurant directly. If you can provide updated information please do so via the edit page. All reviews of Samurai Sam's are provided by users. Although we moderate the reviews for language and spam, we do not moderate the content. If you find a review offensive please let us know via the contact us form.


text:
Rhetoric Escalates After Japan's Purchase Of The Diaoyu Islands
By Anthony Tao September 13, 2012 1:26 am Comments: 2
In a cab yesterday evening, the first words the driver said to me were, "They gonna fight?" I was confused and signaled as such. He nodded at the radio. A broadcaster was in the middle of reporting on the Diaoyu Islands — sold on Tuesday to Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda's administration from their Japanese owners – and that's when I realized he really meant, "Might they go to war?"
"Nah, I don't think so," I replied.
After a lengthy pause, he said, "I think they might." Later he clarified, "Might as well fight a war. Got too much artillery sitting around anyway."
Right, that's a good reason. It's about as good a reason as going to war over a bunch of rocks that no one cared existed until oil was discovered there in the late-60s. And now it's "sacred." It's a symbol of national pride, and as I've written before, nationalism complicates everything. It so happens that fights over symbols are the toughest to resolve, because how do you split a symbol halfway and share the profits?
There's really no reason you would need to know or care about what Xinhua thinks of all this, but here's its stance:
The Japanese government's move to "purchase" the Diaoyu Islands not only hurts the feelings of the Chinese people, but also challenges the post-WWII order in the Asia-Pacific region set by documents such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation.
Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands have been China's sacred territory since ancient times. This is supported by historical facts and jurisprudential evidence.
It's also become apparent that China has staked part of its identity as a rising / maturing nation on these rocks, and how the government handles the situation will be seen as a referendum of its own mandate.
In any case, the conflict is markedly moving in the wrong direction:
China has carried out the first round of countermeasures against Japan after its government signed a contract to buy the Diaoyu Islands on Tuesday to "nationalize" the islands, by sending two law enforcement vessels to the waters near the islands.
Following strong opposition from China's top leaders and the government on Monday, the top legislature, military and public voiced protests against Japan's unilateral move amid soured ties between the two sides.
And if you believe Xinhua, China is both telling the US to stay out of this while simultaneously acknowledging that in an armed conflict, the US can't stay out:
It's not difficult to tell that tough the US government's position on the Diaoyu islands is contradictory, but in essence, it's very clear, that is, it supports the Japanese government's confrontational stance against China on the issue of the Diaoyu Islands.
Lest we forget, on the other side of the ocean, this is more or less the official position, as articulated in an LA Times article yesterday:
As the United States recalibrates its foreign policy to recover its standing in East Asia, analysts say Washington must execute a delicate balancing act to nurture relations with China while preventing it from bullying weaker countries.
Is it time we face the possibility that a misfired "warning shot" from one ship to another will set off a war? After all, some neoconservatives here still think the Second Sino-Japanese War has yet to be avenged.
Chances of war are "remote," as experts and analysts all say. As they should be. The list of reasons for not going to war far exceeds the list for war. (See: ROCKS, FUCKING ROCKS.) But then you read words like these from Global Times on Tuesday, and it's not hard to be at least a little disconcerted:
Therefore, China should set a long-term goal, which is to change the current situation in terms of who controls the islands. It requires that the Chinese be strong-minded and highly united.
The sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands cannot be negotiated. Japan will not talk with China about it either. Japan's determination to defend the islands is also firm. It would be naive for the Chinese public to believe that the Chinese navy can solve the problem.
The conflict over the Diaoyu Islands seems to be between China and Japan. With Chinese pressure rising, the US may step into the issue, causing a confrontation between China and the US-Japan alliance to take place. China should be prepared for the worst.
I know one cabbie who's already made such preparations.
The video above shows two ways of protesting the recent Diaoyu sale. Flags are involved in both — the car is from Guangzhou ("Yo dude, awesome!" is what the guy shouts), while the other video takes place in front of the Japanese embassy in Beijing.
Tags: Diaoyu Islands, Nationalism, Protest, Video
2 Responses to "Rhetoric Escalates After Japan's Purchase Of The Diaoyu Islands"
KopyKatKiller
September 13th, 2012 11:45pm
On the news the other night they called the Senkaku Islands "sacred". I shit you not. "Sacred"! Will the hilarity never end?
+ 1 = nine
Post Stream
"Like a hammer to the head" Review: Arthur Meursalt's 'Party Members'
Jiang Zemin: How China's Forgotten President Achieved a Cult Following and Meme Immortality
We Found Her, The Worst Mother-In-Law In China
SHUO Is The Chinese Street Artist We Need — And One You Need To Know
Beijing Cream is now on WeChat
11 Ways of Looking at Donald Trump in a Chinese PLA Uniform: A Story
In Beijing, 20 Million People Pretend to Live :: 在北京,有2000万人假装在生活 (full translation)
@DissidentPooh Is The China Twitter Account Of Our Times
Liu Xiaobo Is Dead, And The Beijing Sky Is In Uproar
Cast of Beijing's 'Art' premier talk success, censorship, sandwiches
Rock Off: Briefly memorializing Sanlitun's best and only punk-rock dive bar
Forbes editor gets drunk, posts dreadful China article
This is a good and appropriate tweet
Dispatches From Xinjiang: Uyghur Urbanism in Recent Modernist Poetry
Acclaimed Feminist Roxane Gay Cancels Visit To Beijing Literary Festival
New Rules: How China's Latest Laws For Foreign Media Affect Us And You
Mega Fail: How A Bestselling American Futurist Lost His Way In China
Watch: Hong Kong's Fishball Riots
Ursula Gauthier Wrote A Bad Article, And In China That's A Crime
It's A White Christmas In Beijing


The Wales and West Associates scheme provides non syllabus classes for boys and girls from 8 years of age who are training in classical ballet. The aim is to provide an opportunity for youngsters to meet and experience a diverse selection of dance genres in order to enhance their regular training and to broaden their general knowledge and understanding. A ballet class is followed by a class in a different dance genre. Classes are taught by an experienced professional faculty.
The Junior, Middle and Senior classes will be held 3 times a term on a Sunday. Junior and Middle classes will be held in the morning and Middle and Seniors classes will be held in the afternoon. The venue will be Ballet Cymru at Unit 1a, Wern Industrial Estate, Rogerstone, Newport. NO10 9FQ.
Applicants for Junior associates must be 8 years old and under 10 years old before September 1st of the academic year. Middle associates should be 11 to 14 years old before September 1st of the academic year. Senior associates should be 18 years or under before September 1st of the academic year. There may be some exceptions which will be at the discretion of the panel. All applicants must have achieved a good standard in examinations in whichever method they have taken. The classes will be taken by eminent teachers of the Cecchetti method and others, and will consist of a Classical Ballet class and either a class in Character, Exercises, Mime, National,Choreography, Irish, Spanish, Ballroom OR Classical Greek.
Female associates will be required to wear regulation leotard, pink ballet socks or pink tights that convert to footless tights and pink leather ballet shoes with elastic (no ribbons) for classes. Character skirts and black canvas character shoes will be required during the year. No jewellery or hair ornaments are to be worn. Bun nets should match the hair colour of the candidate. Male associates will wear navy tights and white leotards with white shoes and long white socks. Male associates will also require character shoes.
Regular attendance and good punctuality are expected and will be taken into account when assessment takes place. The only acceptable excuses for absence are illness, examinations or ballet school performances. Pupils are required to inform Jacqui Everson on 01495 756567 or 07962233396 as soon as possible if there is an absence.
Any student attending the audition will be expected to accept a place if awarded. The decision of the Panel is final and no appeal will be accepted.
Fees for classes will be £45 a term and are payable in advance. Cheques or postal orders should be made payable to 'Wales and West Cecchetti Awards' and forwarded to Jacqui Everson at 112, Sunnybank Road, Griffithstown, Pontypool, Torfaen. NP4 5LL.
Regulation leotards can be obtained from Carol Goode at 66a Craig Park Circle, Malpas, Newport, Gwent. NP20 6HF. Telephone 01633 771830.
For any information, please contact Carol Goode on 01633 771830 or Jacqui Everson on the above telephone numbers. Alternatively, e-mail Jacqui.everson@aol.co.uk. You can email the Cecchetti association on Welshcecchettiassociates@aol.co.uk.


Improving the Understanding of Chronic Inflammation in Atherosclerosis – Fight Aging!
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition. Oxidized lipids lead to the formation of fatty plaques that narrow and weaken blood vessels, the growth of those plaques driven by the activities of macrophages that try and fail to repair the damage. They become overwhelmed and die: plaques are a mix of fat and the cellular debris from dead macrophages. Prior to their destruction, macrophages generate inflammatory signaling as atherosclerosis worsens, but how is it that other sources of age-related chronic inflammation can accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis? Researchers here explore some of the less well-understood parts of the feedback loop between inflammation and mechanisms of atherosclerosis, in search of answers.
Investigators have identified a new cellular pathway that may help explain how arterial inflammation develops into atherosclerosis - deposits of cholesterol, fats, and other substances that create plaque, clog arteries, and promote heart attacks and stroke. "We have known for decades that atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation that ultimately results in the scarring of arteries and tissue damage. But the ongoing stimulus for this inflammation has been unclear."
A new study sheds light on this mystery by using a bacterial infection to reveal a cascade of cellular events that can lead to inflammation and atherosclerosis. Investigators focused on interleukin-1 beta, a type of protein that is assembled and released by immune system cells in response to infection and injury, including tissue damage caused by atherosclerosis. While interleukin-1 beta helps rally the immune system against these threats, it also can cause chronic inflammation. The study team wanted to understand how the interleukin-1 beta pathway might promote atherosclerosis.
To make its way out of the immune system cell, interleukin-1 beta can also use the same chemical channels that are used by cholesterol to exit the cell. The result is a "traffic rush" on those channels that blocks the exit of artery-damaging cholesterol and causes it to accumulate in the cell. Once it is released by the cell into the body, interleukin-1 beta suppresses a chemical receptor that enables niacin to be used in the body. This action is harmful because niacin works by removing cholesterol from cells in the artery walls. When niacin is blocked, cholesterol can accumulate in the walls. The suppression of the niacin receptor has another negative effect: It reduces the number of chemical channels that cholesterol uses to exit the immune system cell, causing more cholesterol to be trapped inside. That is because the niacin receptor, besides enabling niacin, also increases these channels as part of its normal function.
These discoveries are especially significant because drugs that inhibit interleukin-1 beta have shown promise in combating atherosclerosis and heart disease. A major clinical trial, led by another research institution and published last year, reported that administering one such drug to patients who had a prior heart attack reduced inflammation and lowered the risk of another cardiovascular event. The study raises the possibility that by using drugs to block the initial production of interleukin-1 beta, rather than just neutralizing it, a stronger positive effect could be obtained for these patients.
I wonder if suppressing interleukin-1 beta for long term , with interruptions for infections and injuries might have other benefiting effects. Also can these terms be combined with rapamycine?
Much of the inflammation problem depends on what allele you have inherited. The IL-1b SNPrs1143634 AA allele combo is associated with many inflammation related diseases, but not if you are homozygous for the GG allele combo. I happen to be homozygous for the good allele.


text:
Q: $_POST/$_REQUEST Variables not being set in PHP/Codeigniter/Apache First, on a local install of XAMPP, this works perfectly well. However, on an external (WAMP) server, it does not.
class Authentication extends MY_Controller {
    function Authentication () {
        parent::__construct (FALSE);
        $this->template->set_template('authentication');
    }

    /**
     * Allows the user to log in to the system
     */
    public function index () {
        $person = $this->session->userdata("person");
        if (AUTHENTICATION_DISABLED || !empty($person)) {
            redirect('');
        }

        // if the user isn't already logged in, then they require a login page.
        $this->session->set_userdata("login_attempt", $this->session->userdata("login_attempt") + 1);

        $this->form_validation->set_rules("username", "User name", "required");
        $this->form_validation->set_rules("password", "Password", "required");

        if ($this->form_validation->run() !== FALSE) {
            $this->load->model("person_model");

            $person = $this->person_model->get_person($this->input->post("username"));

            if ($person) {
                $this->session->set_userdata("person", $person);
                redirect('');
            }

        }

        if ($this->session->userdata("login_attempt") > MAX_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS && !DISABLE_LOGIN_LIMIT) {
            $this->log('User locked out', __FILE__, __LINE__, Array (
                'login_attempts' => $this->session->userdata('login_attempt'),
                'lockout_time' => FAILED_ACCESS_LOCKOUT_TIME
            ));

            $this->session->sess_expiration = FAILED_ACCESS_LOCKOUT_TIME; // lock the user out for the amount of time specified in the config

            $this->data['max_login_attempts'] = MAX_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS;
            $this->data['lockout_time_mins'] = FAILED_ACCESS_LOCKOUT_TIME / 60;
            $this->data['try_again_time'] = date('H:i', strtotime('+' . ($this->data['lockout_time_mins'] + 1) . ' minutes'));

            $this->template->write('title', 'Connection refused');
            $this->template->write_view('content', 'authentication/refused', $this->data);

            $this->template->render();
        } else {
            $this->template->write('title', 'Log In');
            $this->template->write_view('content', 'authentication/login');

            $this->template->render();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Allows a user to log out of the system
     */
    public function logout () {
        if ($this->session->userdata('user_id') || DONT_REQUIRE_USER_ID) {
            $this->session->sess_destroy();

            $this->template->write('title', 'Logged Out');
            $this->template->write_view('content', 'authentication/logout');
            $this->template->render();
        } else {
            $this->log('Unauthorised access of logout page', __FILE__, __LINE__);

            show_404();
        }
    }
}

The form is simple ...
<form method="post" action="<?= site_url('authentication') ?>">
    Username:
    <input type="text" name="username" value="" />

    Password
    <input type="password" name="password" value="" />

    <button type="submit">Log In</button>
</form>

The POST variables are also being sent according to Firebug, but if I should put in something like
die(print_r($_POST, TRUE))

It just gives a blank "Array ()". Any ideas? Cos I'm fresh outta 'em :)
Additional Stuff
Incidentally, on non-related pages the server has been returning the correct content, but with a 404 header for some reason. I've bodged it to work, but I dunno - maybe it's a blatantly obvious problem I'm missing. ;)

A: Does it still happen if you use the form helper?
To use it:
In the controller add:
$this->load->helper('form');
And in your template, instead of:
<form method="post" action="<?= site_url('authentication') ?>">
write
<?=form_open('authentication')?>

A: I've been a silly fool. It's rather important to add in:
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

to httpd.conf in Apache if you're planning on using it! ;)
Lesson of the day - don't assume things are set up on another computer just because you've set it up on your own one ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: convert webservice from rpc to document literal Can someone explain how to convert the following webservice in to a document literal from rpc encoded?
Ive tried just changing the rpc to document and encoded to literal.
But the wsdl doesn't display as wsdl:definitions just as definitions and looking at the document from ibm http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-whichwsdl/ it doesn't look as if this is the way to do it? Can someone explain how to do this? thanks
require_once("nuSOAP/lib/nusoap.php");
$namespace = "http://localhost/nusoaphelloworld/index.php";

// create a new soap server
$server = new soap_server();

  // configure our WSDL
  $server->configureWSDL("HelloExample");

  // set our namespace
  $server->wsdl->schemaTargetNamespace = $namespace;

 //Register a method that has parameters and return types
 $server->register(
 // method name:
 'HelloWorld',
 // parameter list:
 array('name'=>'xsd:string'),
 // return value(s):
 array('return'=>'xsd:string'),
 // namespace:
 $namespace,
 // soapaction: (use default)
 false,
 // style: rpc or document
 'rpc',
 // use: encoded or literal
 'encoded',
 // description: documentation for the method
'Simple Hello World Method');

 //Create a complex type
 $server->wsdl->addComplexType('MyComplexType','complexType','struct','all','',
  array( 'ID' => array('name' => 'ID','type' => 'xsd:int'),
 'YourName' => array('name' => 'YourName','type' => 'xsd:string')));

 //Register our method using the complex type
 $server->register(
 // method name:
 'HelloComplexWorld',
 // parameter list:
 array('name'=>'tns:MyComplexType'),
 // return value(s):
 array('return'=>'tns:MyComplexType'),
 // namespace:
 $namespace,
 // soapaction: (use default)
 false,
 // style: rpc or document
 'rpc',
 // use: encoded or literal
 'encoded',
 // description: documentation for the method
 'Complex Hello World Method');

 //Our Simple method
 function HelloWorld($name)
{
 return "Hello " . $name;
}

//Our complex method
 function HelloComplexWorld($mycomplextype)
{
 return $mycomplextype;
}

 // Get our posted data if the service is being consumed
// otherwise leave this data blank.
$POST_DATA = isset($GLOBALS['HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA']) ? $GLOBALS['HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA'] : '';

// pass our posted data (or nothing) to the soap service
$server->service($POST_DATA);
exit();


text:
Sinkin' in the Bathtub fue el primer cortometraje animado de Warner Bros. y el primero de la serie Looney Tunes.

El corto fue producido y dirigido por Hugh Harman y Rudolf Ising, con la animación del joven Friz Freleng. Leon Schlesinger fue acreditado como un productor asociado, y Western Electric aparece como el equipo utilizado para hacer el corto.

Fue hecho en 1930, siendo el segundo cortometraje de Bosko, que Harman e Ising crearon para mostrar a Warner Brothers. Bosko se convirtió en su primer personaje estrella, superado más tarde por Porky Pig y el Pato Lucas.

Trama

El corto comienza con Bosko tomando un baño y cantando la canción de los créditos. Una serie de escenas bastante gráficas le permiten tocar el chorro de agua como un arpa y realizar otro tipo de acciones.

Una vez que encuentra su auto, Bosko va a visitar a su novia Honey, quien se está duchando frente a una ventana abierta. Una cabra se come las flores que le había llevado, así que le canta una serenata para que salga. Un saxofón lleno de burbujas crea unos peldaños para que ella pueda bajar del balcón.

Su viaje por el campo termina con el auto cayendo a un lago. Bosko, sin importar lo ocurrido, continua con su cita utilizando el auto a modo de bote.

Referencias
 Schneider, Steve (1990). That's All Folks!: The Art of Warner Bros. Animation. Henry Holt & Co.
 Beck, Jerry and Friedwald, Will (1989): Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons. Henry Holt y Compañía.

Enlaces externos
 "Sinkin' in the Bathtub" en Big Cartoon Database
  Looney Tunes - Locuras En La Bañera (Sinkin' In The Bathtub) Subtitulado Al Español

Películas de 1930
Películas de animación tradicional en dos dimensiones
Cortometrajes de Looney Tunes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take Esmolol?
If you have an allergy to esmolol or any other part of esmolol.
If you have any of these health problems: A certain type of abnormal heartbeat (sick sinus syndrome) or a certain type of chest pain (Prinzmetal's angina).
This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with esmolol.
Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take esmolol with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.
What are some things I need to know or do while I take Esmolol?
Tell all of your health care providers that you take esmolol. This includes your doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists.
Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert until you see how esmolol affects you.
This medicine may make it harder to tell if you have signs of an overactive thyroid like fast heartbeat. If you have an overactive thyroid and stop taking esmolol all of a sudden, it may get worse and could be life-threatening. Talk with your doctor.
If you have had a very bad allergic reaction, talk with your doctor. You may have a chance of an even worse reaction if you come into contact with what caused your allergy. If you use epinephrine to treat very bad allergic reactions, talk with your doctor. Epinephrine may not work as well while you are taking esmolol.
Do not stop taking esmolol all of a sudden. If you do, chest pain that is worse and in some cases heart attack may occur. The risk may be greater if you have certain types of heart disease. To avoid side effects, you will want to slowly stop esmolol as ordered by your doctor. Call your doctor right away if you have new or worse chest pain or if other heart problems occur.
Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks of using esmolol while you are pregnant.
How is this medicine (Esmolol) best taken?
Use esmolol as ordered by your doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.
What are some other side effects of Esmolol?
How do I store and/or throw out Esmolol?
If you need to store esmolol at home, talk with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist about how to store it.
Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist. If you have any questions about esmolol, please talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


More than 100 exhibitors will be offering quality plants from award-winning nurseries; unique West Country crafts; artisan food and drink, along with live music, talks and tips on growing and cooking fruit and vegetables. This all takes place in the fabulous grounds and interior of Powderham Castle. This Friday trip is on the first of the Festival's two days, to see ensure we see everything at its best.


VME64 and VME64x Backplanes | Vector Electronics & Technology, Inc.
Our standard VMEbus type VME64 and VME64x backplane configurations can be ordered using the chart below, however Vector can custom configure any of our backplanes to suit your specific needs. Contact inquire@vectorelect.com for more information.
Standard backplanes include on-board termination and electronic daisy chaining(EBG) with OR-logic integrated into the backplane.
Order "VMEBP" for VME J1/J2, 96-pin DIN connectors or "VME64" for VME64x J1/J2/P0, 160-pin J1/J2 DIN and 133-pin P0 connectors.
Conformal coating available and is MIL-I-46058C and IPC-CC-830 qualified and U.L. recognized.


GM to feature on BBC Radio Gloucestershire next week - find out more and listen in.
Monday 18th – Thursday 21st December. 3:45pm. Listen out for Nicky Price on drive time as the BBC cover many of our youth an adult music groups. GM will be featured on each day with recordings and interviews with tutors and students.
Live interviews with some of our county youth musicians.


text:
Pin DDR from the JP organisation (Young Pioneers). The person on the pin is Ernst Thalmann, a communist leader before WWII. There are blue and purple versions of this pin, without and with years.
The Ernst Thalmann Pioneer Organisation, consisting of the Young Pioneers and the Thälmann Pioneers, was a youth organisation of schoolchildren aged 6 to 14. They were named after Ernst Thälmann, the former leader of the Communist Party of Germany who was executed at the Buchenwald concentration camp.
The group was a subdivision of the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ, Free German Youth), East Germany's youth movement. It was founded in 1948 and broke apart in 1989 on German reunification. From the 1960s and 1970s, nearly all schoolchildren between ages 6 and 14 were organised into Young Pioneer or Thälmann Pioneer groups.
The pioneer group was loosely based on Scouting, but organised in such a way as to teach schoolchildren aged 6 – 14 socialist ideology and prepare them for the Freie Deutsche Jugend, the FDJ. Its organisation was similar to Scouting and other such organisations. Afternoons spent at the pioneer group mainly consisted of a mixture of adventure, myth-like socialist teaching and the upkeep of revolutionary traditions.
Pin DDR Pin Young Pioneers Blue Flag 1976


After the exhaust pipe and the power commander the hp goes up to 190, but I'm looking to get an extra 10-15 hp without doing major work. Any ideas???
Sorry no ideas but welcome to board.
1397 and Yosh cams, but then you would be right above where you are claiming.
Do you mean 160 perchance?
190, Dam I want one of those pipe and power commander combos. I throw mine away !! Cheap horsepower NOS, Partner installed one on his bike 40 horse. He has had no problems said it feels like he is a gear lower when he hits the button. There again how fast is fast enough ??
If you are getting 190, you don't need to do anything else. If you mean pipe and power comaner which is 168- 171hp you can go to cams or degree the cams or run dry NOS good for about 184hp.
Dennis (TMH) Motorhead in Cleveland, sh.org has put a ton of busas on the dyno. Turboed and all motor. I'll bet he would like to know how to get 190HP with a pipe and PC.
This is the first I have ever heard it.
A friend of mine remapped his fuel curve in his computer, basically adding a power commander option, and a Yosh RS-3 single pipe and then dyno'd his bike and it came out at 189 hp. He has a little fun on his bike even without the bottle.
no you think that the twin pipes offer better performance than the single pipe, what's the difference? I've that the twin pipes will give better hp, but I've seen both on bikes and I can't see a difference.
Depends on the bike. Some singles will do better then doubles. I used the doubles for equal performance and a better sound. Don't forget you are also dropping weight with a single.
Yhea maybe 450hp. Well I like mine as road rwhp which is conservative at 290-300 @ present.
So just what kind of neck brace do you wear when you ride?
And how exactly do you get grip/ keep that bike on the road??? besides, how fast do you need to go? breaking the sound barrier on a motorcycle down city streets is not my idea of fun...especially once a car comes out of the alley.
Is it just me or does it seem like people are getting more crazy these days?
Twisties are getting more fun!
Are riders getting even MORE unfriendly??


text:
Q: Why is the cordova-local-notification-plugin not working (Phonegap, Android)? I built a Phonegap App with this plugin, and it seems, as it is used in the app:

The config.xml :
<plugin spec="https://github.com/katzer/cordova-plugin-local-notifications.git#b8f358e" />
But when I try to send local notifications it looks like the plugin doesn't work. I tried this:
    document.addEventListener('deviceready', function ()
    {
        alert(1);

        cordova.plugins.notification.local.schedule({
           id:      1,
           title:   'Some Timer',
           message: 'Some Message'
        });

        alert(2);

    }, false);

But only the first alert is working, that's why I think that the plugin isn't working right. So how can I build an App to send local notifications?
Thank you very much :-)

cordova -v
9.0.0 (cordova-lib@9.0.1)
cordova plugin ls
cordova-plugin-whitelist 1.3.4 "Whitelist"
But as shown above, I added the local.notification plugin in the config.xml, and the Adobe Phonegap Build webpage, says that the plugin is used.
cordova platform ls
Installed platforms:
  android 8.0.0
  browser 4.1.0
Available platforms:
  electron ^1.0.0
  ios ^5.0.0
  osx ^5.0.0
  windows ^7.0.0

PS: I posted a similar question two days ago, but I edited it to specify my question.

A: Thanks for sharing the file. I was able to run successfully your app and the notifications works each time. However, you need to edit the code as below
For notifications without ID param
cordova.plugins.notification.local.schedule({
    title: 'My first notification',
    text: 'Thats pretty easy...',
    foreground: true
});

For notifications with ID param, ID should be unique
cordova.plugins.notification.local.schedule([
    { id: 1, title: 'My Second notification' },
    { id: 2, title: 'My Third notification' }
]);

Index.js
var app = {
  // Application Constructor
  initialize: function() {
    document.addEventListener('deviceready', this.onDeviceReady.bind(this), false);
  },
  onDeviceReady: function() {
    this.receivedEvent('deviceready');
  },
  receivedEvent: function(id) {
    oneNotification();
    multipleNotification();
  }
};

app.initialize();

function oneNotification() {
  cordova.plugins.notification.local.schedule({
    title: 'My first notification',
    text: 'Thats pretty easy...',
    foreground: true
  });
}

function multipleNotification() {
  cordova.plugins.notification.local.schedule([{
      id: 1,
      title: 'My Second notification'
    },
    {
      id: 2,
      title: 'My Third notification'
    }
  ]);
}


text:
09.02.2006 Sports News
National Athletics Championship slated for Lome
Accra, Feb 9, GNA - The Ghana Athletics Association (GAA) in conjunction with the National Sports Council has put in place measures to organise national Athletics Championship in Lome, Togo. The two-day event, which has been approved by the Ministry of Education and Sports, would commence on Tuesday, February 21 at the new Lome Sports Stadium.
A release issued by E.K Oteng-Aboagye, Secretary General of the GAA copied to the GNA Sports said the sector Ministry has successfully sought permission from their counterparts in Togo to enable Ghana host the annual event away from home.
He said the 140-contingent made up of 120 athletes and 20 officials would depart Accra to Togo on Monday February 20 for the competition. The GAA moved the annual event to Togo due to the current refurbishments taking place at both the Accra and Kumasi Sports Stadiums.
The Association urged all the participants or teams from the ten administrative regions to report at the Ohene Djan Sports stadium to be transported to Aflao.
The release reminded that all submission of entries would close on Friday, February 10.
Meanwhile, the GAA has announced that it would hold an emergency meeting at the Conference Room of the Ghana Olympic Committee on Wednesday, February 15.
The meeting would discuss preparations towards the National Championships in Lome, the Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia and the procedure for selection of local athletes for the Africa Championship in Mauritius in August as well as other related issues concerning the sport.


Previous Post:TOP CRYPTOS for the next Bull Run? My portfolio revealed!
Next Post:China Bitcoin Crackdown Explained – Will It Affect The Crypto Markets & Prices?
You're from Sweden Carl? That is interesting! Thank you for today's illuminating video.
let's see, Bearish divergence 1d/4h, Stotch weekly overbought. 1d acending wedge/channel, Gravestone doji weekly. Seems pretty bearish to me.
I bought eth and ltc two days ago. So of course its going down.
Your dedication in helping all of us is nothing short of amazing. There are possibly thousands of You tubers to watch, And you are the best. I will never leave this channel. You are our Number 1 bro..Thank you for all you do. It takes a really special person to Constantly Every day upload info for us. Your Dedication is unfathomable. Thank you and God Bless Carl……..
Isnt having a software wallet still owning my own keys just like a hardware wallet?
Androforte . . . Buy with Bitcoin . . . Lawley . . . Harmless, but Works.
> America is Real Tough. . . American's have to Spend 15% of Income on Performance Supplements, Stimulants, and Look Good Cream just to Keep Going till next Paycheck Deposit . . . So Tough.
This coinbase debit card is a big move.
as far as the weekly graph…. are we not seeing the classic "cup & handle" forming????????
Yea I hope it's that easy.. That's what I keep hearing but dosen't that sound too good to true. If patterns played out that accurately you'd think there would be a lot more rich people.
In the last few days cryptorus, sunnydecree and other youtube influencers have mention how much they like your videos. I believe its because you are the most straight talking of them all and to have other influencers compliment you is a great testament to how good you are for the crypto landscape. Keep up the great vids.
Seems like what happened was the worst of it…. we are in a bull market now. Those massive dumps are a thing of the past.
Doesn't matter 😂 keep it when you will be on 2021/22 you will laugh about this like nothing happens!


Support for HTML5 form elements among the major browsers is pretty widespread although there are differences in feature support and display characteristics. During this tutorial we will begin taking a look at the main elements that make up a HTML5 web forms and discuss in detail newly added attributes that make using HTML easier than ever before.
For the purpose of this brief introduction into web forms 2.0, we will create our client contact form.
All forms start and end with the <form> element, inside which all controls are placed. By and large, the input element is used the most, although as you will see shortly, each different style is controlled by the type attribute. The <label> element is used to provide a details about the input element it is tied to.
Let's look at our simple form example to show you some of the basic elements and attributes that HTML5 provides.
Many of the new HTML5 elements may fall back to regular input text field. This may or may not make sense. For example, if you were planning on using the <range> component for the user to interact with and a textbox gets displayed, it may not make much sense. A good approach would be to use a tool like Modernizr which detects in real-time what features your browser does or does not have and provides a very nice way of you to conditionally load additional resources at runtime.
Looking deeper at the <label> element, we notice the attribute "for" with a value of "fname". What this does is tie the label to the first input field which has an id of "fname". There is an alternate way of tying a label element to an input element. You can do so by putting the <label></label> around the input element as shown below.
Although this form may not look like much, it is actually doing quite a bit of work for us. Let's details each of the patterns and functionality in more detail.
The placeholder attribute places some text inside an input area, usually using a light shade of gray color, so the user has a good indication of what type of data, or data pattern, the input field is expecting. Users should consider this a type of "hint" or "insight" into what to type in the field. The text will disappear as soon as text is typed into the field. If for whatever reason the text is removed from the field, the placeholder text will reappear like before. As you can see from the form below, using placeholders makes the form more user-friendly as the user now has a better idea of how best to fill in the form. Browsers that do not support this attribute will simply not display anything in the text box.
<input id="fname" required autofocus type="text" name="firstName"
The maxlength attribute can be used to specify the maximum length of an input or textbox and is useful when you want to constrain the length of information that the user may provide. For example, if you wanted to limit the first name of the customer to 30 characters, you can use the following.
The size attribute can be used to specify the visible length of an input field. For example, if you wanted to limit the visible length of the first name of the customer to 20 characters, you can use the following. This does not restrict the field to 20 characters though, it only shows 20 characters in the field. The value may contain up to maxlength characters.
Many browsers come equipped to provide auto-complete or form completion capability. However, there are instances where you do not want certain fields to automatically remember personal details and fill in the field for you. Think of this scenario where you go to some website to purchase items. You enter all your personal information including your username, credit card number and CVV (Card Verification Value). I think it's fine for your browser to autocomplete your name and address, but I don't think you would want it to retain your username, credit card account number or CVV. As a web developer, you should set those fields to have feature turned off by doing autocomplete="off".
The pattern attribute allows you to declare certain data pattern using Regular Expressions (regex) that the value is checked against. This pattern allows only numbers matching the 5 digits + dash + 4 digits of the zip code.
Using min, max and step on a number input control creates a "spinner" control. The min allows you to specify the minimum value. The max allows the user to specify the maximum value and step allocates the increment/decrement stepping value. This spinner widget allows the user to manipulate the underlying numeric value using only the up and down arrow keys.
The range input control allows the user to easily interact with the user control. Used for rather imprecise control or when the exact value is less important. In my example, my range goes from (0 ~ 100), stepping by 10. For my control, the default value is set to 50 (midpoint).
The title attribute allows you to specify element details that would appear in a tooltip. When used together with a pattern attribute validation, the message will appear as part of the tooltip error message.
Think of datalist like a "combobox" control where the user has the ability to type values from a predefined list or choose to click on the dropdown box icon "V" on the far right of the control.
This post describes all the new elements that have been introduced to HTML5 with an emphasis on the Semantic Web.
Learn the basics of building HTML5 forms for building web page controls, such as labels, text fields, password fields, hidden fields, radio buttons, checkboxes, fieldsets, legends, reset buttons, and submit buttons.


text:
Liudvikas Bukys
software development, security, opinion
Archive for the 'network' Category.
APNIC triggers final IPv4 address block distributions
APNIC announces:
APNIC received the following IPv4 address blocks from IANA in February 2011 and will be making allocations from these ranges in the near future: 39/8 106/8
Please be aware, this will be the final allocation made by IANA under the current framework and will trigger the final distribution of five /8 blocks, one to each RIR under the agreed "Global policy for the allocation of the remaining IPv4 address space".
After these final allocations, each RIR will continue to make allocations according to their own established policies.
Category: LINKS, network | 1 Comment
Storage Innovation Ahead
The existence of cheap and presumed-reliable storage services such as
will cause a burst of innovation in personal and corporate storage options.
A particularly good fit: content-addressible storage schemes such as
plan9 venti
git,
that offer frugal use of bandwidth (important when metered), and attractive features like version snapshots "for free."
A little searching shows one talented software developer thinking along these lines already:
"Brad Fitzpatrick: wsbackup — encrypted, over-the-net, multi-versioned backup."
There will be more.
Category: arch, ESSAYS, network | Comment
GMail fronts for other domains
I just happily discovered that GMail settings support non-GMail "From:" addresses. It's a welcome feature for me, as I had no intention of binding to a vendor domain name ever again.
Perhaps it has been a feature for quite some time, and I just wasn't aware of it. GMail is predisposed toward pleasant surprises without fanfare (e.g. "plus addresses" are supported too).
Category: ESSAYS, network | Comment
Linear combinations are not just for obfuscation any more
Network coding applied to P2P content distribution, as seen in Microsoft's Avalanche research paper, is motivated by network performance improvement: it makes good use of available network throughput by filling the pipes with data that is useful to others, while avoiding the difficult problem of selecting what your downstream peers will need. Nodes send linear combinations of everything they've got, and receivers can reconstruct what they need from that.
There are interesting implications for content filterers. Previously one could argue that transmitting combined blocks (e.g. XOR a file with the U.S. Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and today's Dilbert) is purely an obfuscation technique for easily evading content recognizers. Now those techniques will be a basic component of efficiently using available bandwidth, with a side effect of making content recognition and filtering more dynamic and more difficult.
PPTP and WEP: No more room for nails in the coffin
Two hoary protocols get even more final nails driven into them:
George Ou (ZDNet): PPTP VPN authentication protocol proven very susceptible to attack; LEAP and WPA are weak too.
[via Wi-Fi Networking News]
Michael Ossmann (SecurityFocus): WEP: Dead Again
Category: LINKS, network, security | Comment
EarthLink SIPshare
EarthLink SIPshare: SIP-based P2P Content Sharing Prototype contibutes an open-source P2P favoring end-to-end principles:
EarthLink believes an open Internet is a good Internet. An open Internet means users have full end-to-end connectivity to say to each other whatever it is they say, be that voice, video, or other data exchanges, without the help of mediating servers in the middle whenever possible. We believe that if peer-to-peer flourishes, the Internet flourishes. SIPshare helps spread the word that SIP is more than a powerful voice over IP enabler — much more. SIP is a protocol that enables peer-to-peer in a standards-based way.
The emerging ubiquity of SIP as a general session-initiation enabler provides a rare opportunity to offer users all manner of P2P applications over a common protocol, instead of inventing a new protocol for each new P2P application that comes along.
[via Many-to-Many]
Category: LINKS, network | Comment
Clever Zombie Tracking by Manipulating DNS Views
James Lick: Tracking A Zombie Army (PDF)
[via Asrg]
Category: LINKS, network, security, spam | Comment
GMail implements "plus addresses"
I had the opportunity to join GMail [beta]. My first piece of feedback to them was a request for user-defined recipient sub-addresses (e.g. using the sendmail "username+anything@domain" convention. Having that available for recipient filtering is more reliable than trying to parse numerous styles of correspondence (some list software inserts List-ID, some doesn't, etc).
It turns out that GMail already implements the sendmail '+' convention.
It works, but as far as I can tell, it's not documented anywhere — or at least I didn't think of the right search terms for it.
I hope that this creates new incentives for web sites and other email addressing processing software to
stop violating RFC2822 by excessively restricting the character set of email addresses.
P.S. If anyone else wants to try GMail [beta] also,
let me know;
I now have a ration of invitations too.
Category: ESSAYS, network | 1 Comment
The spread of the Witty worm
Shannon and Moore:
The Spread of the Witty Worm:
Witty infected only about a tenth as many hosts than the next smallest widespread Internet worm. Where SQL Slammer infected between 75,000 and 100,000 computers, the vulnerable population of the Witty worm was only about 12,000 computers. Although researchers have long predicted that a fast-probing worm could infect a small population very quickly, Witty is the first worm to demonstrate this capability. While Witty took 30 minutes longer than SQL Slammer to infect its vulnerable population, both worms spread far faster than human intervention could stop them. In the past, users of software that is not ubiquitously deployed have considered themselves relatively safe from most network-based pathogens. Witty demonstrates that a remotely accessible bug in any minimally popular piece of software can be successfully exploited by an automated attack.
Orkut[1]: In with the in crowd
Now I have received my first Orkut invitation.
Interestingly, it came from an actual friend — probably a good sign for Orkut, as the quality of their system depends on the utility of actual relationships, not random diffuse connections.
It's good timing for Orkut.
Our distance from the Six Degrees era, and the current spontaneous blossoming of intellectual/social relationships as seen among intertwined weblogs, make it seem fresh, and not just another selling-eyeballs.com.
Yet-another fatigue is now a barrier to entry for Orkut competitors.
Will I go out and spam all my colleagues and friends with Orkut invitations?
No, it seems a little too close to a MLM pitch.
I think I'll just pick on a few who I know are in the right frame of mind.
Previous: Orkut[0]: Out with the out crowd
Liudy@Bukys.org
You are currently browsing the archives for the network category.
arch (179)
hpc (16)
intuitive computing (2)
policy and law (86)
security examples (34)
My Diigo link archive
Select Month March 2014 (1) November 2013 (1) October 2013 (1) May 2013 (1) January 2013 (1) October 2012 (1) November 2011 (1) August 2011 (1) July 2011 (2) April 2011 (1) March 2011 (1) February 2011 (1) January 2011 (1) March 2009 (1) December 2008 (2) April 2008 (1) March 2008 (2) February 2008 (1) January 2008 (2) September 2007 (3) April 2007 (1) February 2007 (1) October 2006 (1) September 2006 (1) July 2006 (1) March 2006 (2) January 2006 (1) December 2005 (2) November 2005 (2) September 2005 (1) August 2005 (1) June 2005 (2) May 2005 (4) January 2005 (3) December 2004 (1) November 2004 (3) October 2004 (4) September 2004 (6) August 2004 (2) July 2004 (7) June 2004 (4) May 2004 (7) April 2004 (6) March 2004 (16) February 2004 (12) January 2004 (17) December 2003 (25) November 2003 (20) October 2003 (9) September 2003 (17) August 2003 (37) July 2003 (3) June 2003 (23) May 2003 (25) April 2003 (29) March 2003 (38) February 2003 (37) January 2003 (16) December 2002 (11) November 2002 (21) October 2002 (14) September 2002 (9) August 2002 (10) July 2002 (7) June 2002 (13) May 2002 (27) April 2002 (19) March 2002 (27) February 2002 (29) January 2002 (25) December 2001 (15) November 2001 (17) October 2001 (31) September 2001 (44) August 2001 (58) July 2001 (38) June 2001 (58) May 2001 (46) April 2001 (51) March 2001 (85)


Gentlemen! I have a serious trouble and I'm writing this because I couldn't find the solution anywhere else on the Internet.
I need to use tor sometimes and it's not forbidden officially yet but it's pretty dangerous in the area where I live. So I wanted to set up a router with OpenWrt and configure the connection the way that certain part of the traffic (which comes from different machines) would be transferred through tor network but (sic!) using the bridges which I provide.
I have to mention that obfsproxy with all its dependencies like python etc. occupies pretty much flash memory, while I've got only 32 MB. So in order to fit everything in, I had to connect a usb flash drive and expand the filesystem using this guide from OpenWrt website. I think that it's important to say because somehow it probably had an impact at what's going to happen next.
And it didn't work although after a couple of tries it started.
So I had to look in the log of my router. What I could also observe is that tor was loading using the default config and there was no info about the fact that it was supposed to use bridges. And I don't really want to risk being not a 100% sure that this thing works with bridges.
And used this python script to check the circuit. But the script didn't work properly and moreover it lead to the system failure, ssh connection to the router interrupted and the only thing that I was able to do was to set the router in the rescue mode and reinstall the OS.
Where did I do wrong? And how am I supposed to set the tor bridges in OpenWrt properly?
UPDATE.1 It seems like I found some kind of a clue. I tried to repeat all the steps and see where the trouble comes up the first time. I've been trying to find the solutions all this time, checked the different config files but there was nothing I could find.
And it lead me to the system failure so I had to reinstall OpenWrt again.
Browse other questions tagged linux openwrt tor or ask your own question.
Can i use the same ip for Tor bridge and Exit-Relay to work together?
How to install OpenWRT opkg packages without an internet connection?
How do I keep a persistent .onion address after rebooting for my hidden service on OpenWrt?


text:
The good, the bad and their fortuitous differences
by Rothamsted Research
Proprietary meat substitute, Quorn, was developed from the benign fungus, Fusarian venenatum. Credit: Rothamsted Research
Genetic differences between two very similar fungi, one that led to Quorn, the proprietary meat substitute, and another that ranks among the world's most damaging crop pathogens, have exposed the significant features that dictate the pair's very different lifestyles.
While the manufacturer of Quorn cultivates strains of Fusarium venenatum via fermentation into a mycoprotein dough for human consumption, farmers try to fight off Fusarium graminearum as this pervasive fungal pathogen invades multiple crops and threatens global food security.
Researchers have now pinpointed several significant differences between the fungal pair that seem to turn F. graminearum nasty, features that promise targets for controlling disease. The findings, by a team from Rothamsted Research, are reported today in the journal, BMC Genomics.
The team discovered, for instance, that F. venenatum does not contain some clusters of genes that produce subsidiary compounds, or secondary metabolites, which are produced by F. graminearum during successful wheat infection.
"Using improved computer software, we have enhanced gene predictions and secondary metabolite gene cluster predictions in both species to a level not found in most other filamentous fungal species," says Robert King, the team's lead bioinformatician at Rothamsted.
Emphasising the importance of the findings, King notes: "All this improved data is immediately available in the public domain via ENSEMBL [a genome database]. In the medium term, it should be possible to achieve a resilient control strategy for this globally important, cereal-infecting pathogen."
The team also confirmed differences in mating strategies, notably that the pathogenic fungus can mate with itself, which influences gene transfer between generations and genome repair mechanisms, whereas the Quorn fungus would need to find a mate.
And they found that key areas in chromosomes, the centromeric regions, are 25% smaller in the benign fungus, for reasons unknown but that offer "an excellent starting point for follow-up investigations", notes Kim Hammond-Kosack, a molecular plant pathologist at Rothamsted and leader of the research team.
"This is an important and fascinating piece of work that shows the many differences between F. venenatum and the plant pathogen F. graminearum at a number of different levels," says Rob Johnson, Science Manager and Fermentation Specialist at Quorn Foods.
"Despite the close relationship revealed by the sequencing," continues Johnson, "the differences in lifestyle are written deep into the genomes of these fungi, with the saprophytic F. venenatum showing a range of genes devoted to breakdown of organic matter, whereas the F. graminearum contains unique genes for secondary metabolites and more devoted to its pathogenic nature."
Johnson adds: "The confirmation of the non-pathogenic nature of the species used to make Quorn and understanding of the genetics revealed by these data will make this paper one that Quorn will return to many times as we improve our process and grow our business."
In separate research, also funded at Rothamsted by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the team has been unravelling the pan-genome of F. graminearum, a reference genome that includes the genetic make-up of the pathogen and also those of its various strains.
"We can now immediately identify which of the newly predicted secondary metabolite gene clusters and small secreted protein effector sequences are found in all pathogenic strains of F. graminearum," says Hammond-Kosack.
"These sequences then become the targets for a far narrower set of follow-up gene function studies in F. graminearum by reverse genetic experimentation to pinpoint the genes essential for the disease-causing abilities of this pathogen."
Hammond-Kosack concludes: "Starting from the fundamental new knowledge gained from these studies, a sustainable discover and disease control pipeline has begun to be created."
Antifungal RNA spray could help fight barley crop disease
More information: Robert King et al, Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum, BMC Genomics (2018). DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4612-2
Journal information: BMC Genomics
Provided by Rothamsted Research
Citation: The good, the bad and their fortuitous differences (2018, April 20) retrieved 16 July 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2018-04-good-bad-fortuitous-differences.html
How does AP propagate in large myelinated neuron?
Is there any negative impact of music on the brain?
Environmental genetic mutations
Leukorrhea
The "randomness" of evolution
Mixed bag: dietary and supplement interventions on patient outcomes
More from Biology and Medical
For the first time, researchers have isolated a natural resistance gene to Septoria
Fungus genome yielding answers to protect grains, people and animals
Genetic changes underpin diverse structures in group of toxins produced by fungi
Northern corn leaf blight genes identified in new study
Plant scientists identify gene to combat crippling wheat disease
Better genome editing for bioenergy
New study on the immune system of plants: It works differently than expected
New CRISPR platform expands RNA editing capabilities
Patterns in DNA reveal hundreds of unknown protein pairings
Ancient defense strategy continues to protect plants from pathogens


TALKING to yourself used to be a strictly private pastime. That's no longer the case – researchers have eavesdropped on our internal monologue for the first time. The achievement is a step towards helping people who cannot physically speak communicate with the outside world.
When you hear someone speak, sound waves activate sensory neurons in your inner ear. These neurons pass information to areas of the brain where different aspects of the sound are extracted and interpreted as words.
In a previous study, Pasley and his colleagues recorded brain activity in people who already had electrodes implanted in their brain to treat epilepsy, while they listened to speech. The team found that certain neurons in the brain's temporal lobe were only active in response to certain aspects of sound, such as a specific frequency. One set of neurons might only react to sound waves that had a frequency of 1000 hertz, for example, while another set only cares about those at 2000 hertz. Armed with this knowledge, the team built an algorithm that could decode the words heard based on neural activity alone (PLoS Biology, doi.org/fzv269).
The team hypothesised that hearing speech and thinking to oneself might spark some of the same neural signatures in the brain. They supposed that an algorithm trained to identify speech heard out loud might also be able to identify words that are thought.
To test the idea, they recorded brain activity in another seven people undergoing epilepsy surgery, while they looked at a screen that displayed text from either the Gettysburg Address, John F. Kennedy's inaugural address or the nursery rhyme Humpty Dumpty.
Each participant was asked to read the text aloud, read it silently in their head and then do nothing. While they read the text out loud, the team worked out which neurons were reacting to what aspects of speech and generated a personalised decoder to interpret this information. The decoder was used to create a spectrogram – a visual representation of the different frequencies of sound waves heard over time. As each frequency correlates to specific sounds in each word spoken, the spectrogram can be used to recreate what had been said. They then applied the decoder to the brain activity that occurred while the participants read the passages silently to themselves (see diagram).
Despite the neural activity from imagined or actual speech differing slightly, the decoder was able to reconstruct which words several of the volunteers were thinking, using neural activity alone (Frontiers in Neuroengineering, doi.org/whb).
In practice, if the decoder is to be used by people who are unable to speak it would have to be trained on what they hear rather than their own speech. "We don't think it would be an issue to train the decoder on heard speech because they share overlapping brain areas," says Martin.
"Ultimately, if we understand covert speech well enough, we'll be able to create a medical prosthesis that could help someone who is paralysed, or locked in and can't speak," he says.
Several other researchers are also investigating ways to read the human mind. Some can tell what pictures a person is looking at, others have worked out what neural activity represents certain concepts in the brain, and one team has even produced crude reproductions of movie clips that someone is watching just by analysing their brain activity. So is it possible to put it all together to create one multisensory mind-reading device?