So where to start? Our biggest splurge would be our One Piece Kaizoku Musou Edition PS3. Being huge One Piece fans there was no way we were going to pass on this game, even if it was in Japanese. So the fact that we found it with the special edition Play Station 3…. we were more then sold on it. Of course though after we purchased the game we found out it will be released in North America this winter. haha… oh well I always will enjoy the Japanese voices over the English. Nothing wrong with having both versions!!
Another expensive purchase would be our Mari and Asuka zippo lighters from the Evangelion Store. They were just to cool to pass on. I also got myself some Asuka hair clips and Bloodfrost picked himself up an awesome Nerv bento box. We picked up a Nerv coffee cup for our caffeine addicted friend who was taking care of our cats while we were gone. We also grabbed some Eva trading figures because why the hell not?!
Our friend Brent introduced us to Weiss Schwarz a trading card game that you build decks from sets of cards from different animes. We of course had to pick some up! Cannot go wrong with trading cards! To bad we'll have to pull out some translations for the cards before we can play…. We grabbed cards from Fairy Tail, Shakugan no Shana, Guilty Crown, Little Busters, and Bakemonogatari. Of course we bought card boxes to hold our new cards.
One thing in Japan that was just a black hole for our 100 yen coins were all the pod machines!!! Gawd were they terrible!! This wasn't even all of them. I threw away some of the pods, gave a bunch to Brent, and we had some in a bag that I forgot about before I snapped this shot too…. we got lots of One Piece ones, Fairy Tails, some Guilty Crown …I lost Inori in Japan :'( .., some from Boku wa Tomodachi Sukunai, and a couple others…. so many… haha… we did get a full One Piece Set!!!
We'll take a break from all the nerdy stuff and I'll pretend we are normal adults for a moment. Bloodfrost picked up a bottle of Japanese Whiskey called Hibiki along with a bottle of Grande Absenthe. We also brought back some Japanese snacks as well. Those Crispy's are amazing!! I wish I could buy them here!!!!
From the Osaka aquarium I grabbed some "Cube Friends" for two of my friends. Really random, but cute.
Of course we did pick up some manga and doujinshi. It is pretty much expected of an Otaku to get some when you go to Japan.
Now before I get on to the figures I do have to show you guys these sponges we got. Now I assure you that this is really even more random then it sounds. We got some sponges… they were free… because we bought some donuts from Mister Donut with our friend Scott's point card… and they gave them to us because he had to renew his card…. yep… gotta love Japan!!
Now last but not least we got figures, and a good amount! Our first one that everyone who followed us on our trip would recall would be Shoujo S from Native! She is a 1/7th scale figure.
We also managed to pick up Melissa Seraphy from Good Smile, this being another one on our wish list, made us very happy to get a hold of. She is just way to adorable with her Pumpkin skirt.
Another one that was on our wishlist was the Queen's Gate version of Moetan's Pastel Ink. We were hoping for the blue version but we were not going to complain when we found the pink! She is so adorable with her button staff. Clayz did this 1/8 scale figure. The best part of this figure was that, according our Myfigurecollection, it is the 200th figure we added to our collection.
We got our hands on a figure that we had previously ordered online but the company we purchased it from was unable to give her to us since the one they had to give us… it apparently was missing it's head!!! It left Bloodfrost pretty heart broken since Yuki was his favorite Saki character. He is ecstatic to finally have her in our collection. This is Alter's 1/8 scale version of her.
Surprising enough we even picked up some Beach Queens! For their price surpassed their boring bases! We picked up two cuties, Kuroneko from My Little Sister Cannot Be This Cute, along with Astarotte from Astarotte no Omocha. These of course are 1/10th scale figures from Wave.
The last scaled figure that we added to our collection was Moriya Suwako from Touhou Project, this one is made by Ques Q.
This next one may surprise you. As most of you know Bloodfrost has a hatred for figmas. But we are glad to show you guys the first, and probably only, figma to join our collection. And that is White Rock Shooter. This figure was not only stunning, it was just simply to awesome for us to pass it up. Brent was distraught that we grabbed this figure up before him… though lucky for him while he was debating what other figma to grab the clerk came out with another White Rock Shooter. Which of course he grabbed before the clerk could even put it back in the display. I would like to mention that since they were used figures they did not come with the PSP game.
I also managed to convince Bloodfrost to let me bring home 8 new nendoroids!! Yay!!! We got Kyon from the Disapperance of Haruhi Suzumiya, the original Yuki Nagato from the Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, Konata and Kagami from Lucky Star cosplaying as Saber and Rin from Fate/Stay Night, both Sena and Yozora from Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai, Gumako the Good Smile Company Mascot, and last but not least our favorite nendoroid, the ever so cute Cheerful Japan edition Black Rock Shooter!!
That is all for our Japan loot. We are very happy to be able to get our hands on all of these figures. You can cry from jealously or laugh at our lack of money, whichever you prefer. But before you go I shall leave you with this terrible picture. I lent my camera out to a friend, then realized how terrible of a picture this really was. haha this is why I need to use a tripod… and remember to put things at the proper setting before I take pictures… and maybe I should check my photos before I lend out cameras… 😛 You will get proper reviews and pictures of all these figures at some point anyways so please forgive me.
All I can say is "wow". I can't believe that you actually fit all of that in your luggage, you even managed to bring a PS3 home. I've always wanted to get one of those anime zippo lighters, but they're far too expensive for me.


Time for some help over the Wednesday hurdle…and today I'm so honored to have debut author Sarah Monzon with me! Grab a cup of Joe and let's have a visit with this sweet, talented lady.
Jen: I'd love for you to give us a little glimpse into your life, so here we go… When you think of home, give us 1) an image 2) a smell 3) sounds and 4) a feeling.
Sarah: Image: The members of my family—my husband, son, and daughter.
Smell: This is hard because our house doesn't have any particular distinctive smell. I love scented candles, but with a toddler they aren't the safest to have around. I tried the plug-in room fresheners before, but they run out so fast that it got too expensive for my frugal tastes. So, unfortunately, our house may smell of dust and dirty diapers.
Jen: Ah, the Mommy, Mommy, Mommy's…aren't they precious? Just wait, my sweet friend. When they get to Junior high, those sweet little calls turn into tap, tap, tap.
The Isaac Project has been an instant hit on Amazon within the Christian fiction thread. How does that make you feel?
Jen: God is so generous with us, isn't He?
I love The Isaac Project! I remember randomly pulling a chapter off of our large critique loop, not knowing you or the story, and being completely sucked in. Can you tell us how the story developed for you?
Sarah: It's kind of a funny story. I was having a conversation with one of my single friends. She hadn't been having any luck in the men department and jokingly said she should just let her friends find her a husband. Well, that got me thinking. What would an arranged marriage look like in our culture? I think I may have been reading a modern retelling of Ruth at the time, which caused a mental snowball effect that landed me at the story of Isaac and Rebekah. And the rest, as they say, is history.
Jen: I love it! Real life births all sorts of stories, doesn't it?
You're a mommy-writer with a couple of little ones. Talk to us about how that works.
Sarah: It's about priorities. My children—my family—are my top priority. For a while there I had set my writing as equal with them and it was a juggling match in which nobody came out the winner. It became so bad that even though I was with my children, I wasn't really present. I itched to be at my computer, and if circumstances didn't allow for that to happen then I started to become resentful.
Thankfully, my heart has changed. I love my kids and I love being their mom and I don't want a bad attitude to sour that joy. So, the computer stays off until after bedtime. Sometimes it may stay off for days because I'm so exhausted I fall into bed the same time my kids do. Or I spend the alone time with my hubby to reconnect and keep our marriage strong.
So, really, with little ones around, writing comes in short snippets. I've been known to use speech-to-text on my phone while driving if an idea hits. I've written whole chapters on my phone while nursing and rocking my baby to sleep. My husband also tries to give me a couple of hours on Friday morning to go to the library and pound out the words on the keyboard. I love him. He's the greatest.
Jen: It is quite amazing what you can actually get done in short snippets. Sometimes it's the scarcity of time that forces us to use it well.
Tell us about what you're working on right now. How is it going? What are you goals?
Sarah: My current WIP (work-in-progress) is the first book of a new series. I'm really excited about it because each book in the series will have a dual timeline, which combines my two favorite genres—contemporary and historical romance. The current WIP merges a marine photographer and treasure hunter with a 17th century galleon from the Spanish treasure fleet.
The story is flowing well (when I have time to write!) and I'm slightly over halfway done. I'm hoping to have it finished and ready to publish in June of 2016.
Jen: Can't wait! Head's up peeps, I've been previewing this work-in-progress, and it's good!
Thank you Sarah, for taking the time to chat with me! And thank you for The Isaac Project—one of my new faves in the Contemporary Christian Genre.
If you haven't picked up your copy, you'd better get on it! I promise, you don't want to miss this fun story. And just to prove it, I'm giving away a Kindle Copy. Leave me a comment below, and I'll draw a winner on Friday!
Perry, you are my give away winner! If you PM me on my FB page https://www.facebook.com/authorjenrodewald I'll get you your Kindle copy of The Isaac Project!
I had the pleasure of reading The Isaac Project during the critique stage and LOVED it!! Such a brilliant book and great title too! (And I love the cover!) I totally get the struggles of writing with children. I, too, struggled with resentment while trying to juggle my writing and family life, and also ended up cutting writing out entirely unless both children are asleep. If they're both being good, though, I sneak my computer open and try to get a few lines written. 😉 Thanks for sharing your thoughts, Sarah!


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Ring leader of prolific paedophile gang jailed for eight years
He helped run a spreadsheet which advised other paedophiles on where to access indecent images
Matthew Mather-Franks, 37, of Redding Close, Rushden, has been jailed for eight years (Image: Northamptonshire Police)
The leader of a sick paedophile gang who provided fellow perverts with tech support and links to thousands of vile images and videos has been jailed.
Matthew Mather-Franks, 37, of Redding Close, Rushden, was a main player in a group of between six and 10 people who shared images of underage children as well as tips on the best video calling websites.
He even maintained a spreadsheet which others used to share information on different children who were being abused across the world. Read more about the case here.
READ MORE: Driver almost hits pedestrian in Fast and Furious style police chase
Mather-Franks has admitted to seven charges including the possession of 1,475 indecent images of children, including 633 of the most severe category.
He also admitted to paying fora sexual service and encouraging other to commit sexual crimes against children.
All of these offences took place while he was under a sexual harm prevention order (SHPO) for crimes committed in 2016.
Northampton Crown Court today (February 11) heard how Mather-Franks was arrested after another member of the paedophile ring was arrested and communication between the pair was found on his devices.
Officers detained the 37-year-old and found he had two phones, two computers and an iPad. Only one of the devices was registered with the police which was a term of his SHPO.
Most of the 1,475 images found on the devices involved young girls between the age of nine and 12, however some of the images involved infants of a very young age.
The court heard how Mather-Franks was a member of the online ring, taking a "technical role" to support other paedophiles who were trying to find indecent images of children.
Detectives found evidence that he was an administrator for a spreadsheet which helped other members target certain children online and listed live streaming websites they could use to watch and engage with youths.
He once paid for the services of a "depraved Russian family" that sent him 2,000 images of a child being abused which he then shared with other members of the group.
At a previous court hearing, it was said that when speaking about the incident, he only showed remorse in the fact he took away income from the family involved in filming the footage.
The court heard that most of the children involved were from Russia, however they had identified one who was from Australia.
Sentencing Mather-Franks, His Honour Judge David Herbert QC said the Rushden local posed a "significant risk of causing serious harm to young girls".
He sentenced him to eight years in prison of which he will have to serve at least two thirds.
Once released by the parole board, he will spend the rest of his custodial sentence and an extra four years on remand.
Another member of the group, Simon Peach, 36, of Clarke Road, Northampton, was sentenced in June to seven years in prison for his role in the operation.
The court heard today that Mather-Franks played a more significant role in the group due to his technical support for others and so faces a longer prison term.
Contactless transaction spree led police to bungling burglars
New Towcester housing estate summer plans set for green light
Rushden
CrimeCCTV shows gang carry out final ATM theft as part of string of ramraids in Northamptonshire and moreAccording to police, the four "caused havoc" across several counties

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The SC String Quartet is an experienced modern professional string quartet group . This ensemble can play live wedding ceremony songs before, during and after your civil wedding ceremony or church wedding ceremony in Berwickshire. Whether you are looking for musicians for a wedding, Christmas Party, corporate event, or religious occasion, The Quartet can create the perfect background to your event.
This Quartet, formed in 1997, consists of four extremely dedicated professional string players and the quartet is now one of the most established in the North East. With over ten years of experience in providing high quality live music at so many events, the quartet has built a reputation for being professional, reliable and flexible. Peruse the wedding playlist for songs for you wedding ceremony in Berwickshire . .
This Duo of classically trained musicians offer the stunningly beautiful sound of the flute and cello combined with friendly and accommodating service to give excellent value for money. For your wedding in Berwickshire this ensemble has several bride entrance songs to select from..
The two attractive musicians add a touch of elegance to any function from weddings, parties to corporate events.
Getting married in Scotland? Congratulations! The BA String Quartet is available to hire for your wedding in Edinburgh, Fife, the Borders, central belt, indeed anywhere in Scotland, and some of England too! As specialists in music for weddings, the BA Quartet have unrivalled experience in providing appropriate atmospheric music over a wide range of private and corporate events, from the most intimate family weddings and parties to the largest international business events. Whether you are having a civil ceremony or church wedding in Berwickshire, this ensemble can play one of a selection of bridal march songs for you..
The EK String Quartet a professional string quartet based in Glasgow, playing at live events across Scotland. Their players are experienced freelance performers who have performed with groups including the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, Scottish Opera, Scottish Chamber Orchestra and Scottish Ballet. This ensemble can play live wedding ceremony songs before, during and after your civil wedding ceremony or church wedding ceremony in Berwickshire.
The AU String Quartet is one of the most dynamic and promising string quartets currently emerging from UK conservatoires. Their brilliant and exciting playing captures audiences wherever they perform and has brought successes at competitions. Peruse the wedding playlist for songs for you wedding ceremony in Berwickshire . . They match each other beautifully in their instrumental virtuosity and their mature musicality and commitment.
The Quartet was formed at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, Glasgow and have won numerous awards for their playing.
Add the final touch to your wedding ceremony by having live wedding ceremony songs played by one of our String Quartets, classical trios or classical duos.
A string quartet's repertoire is normally extensive, ranging from Baroque, through Classical and Romantic to light or easy listening music such from shows, films together with light jazz and pop classics. This makes the ensemble ideal for a Wedding an anniversary dinner, corporate entertainment or military banquet.


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The present invention is directed to a telecommunications system 100 for routing a contact to a selected address, comprising (a) an input for receiving a contact message comprising a source address and a destination address of a subscriber communication device 116 associated with a subscriber and (b) mobility agent 160 for determining whether or not the source address in the contact message corresponds to a proxy server 128 and, when the source address corresponds to a proxy server 128, causing the contact not to be routed to a selected address and, when the source address does not correspond to a proxy server 128, causing the contact to be routed to the selected address.
< Wavetable audio synthesis system
> System for text assisted telephony


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FORD REVEALS E-TRANSIT SET TO PLUG INTO AUSSIE MARKET MID NEXT YEAR
October 5, 2021 Jon Thomson Truck and Bus News
Ford Australia has announced an ambitious electrification strategy that it says will give local customers the choice of at least five new Ford electrified vehicles by the end of 2024 including the new Ford E-Transit, which it claims will accelerate the Blue Oval's domestic EV charge when it debuts mid-next year.
Ford Australia's electrification roadmap will include many of the company's already popular nameplates while also introducing new models that will diversify and broaden its local vehicle range. These will be made up largely of battery electric vehicles, while plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) will also play a role, offering a vehicle to meet the lifestyle requirements of every Australian customer.
"We are accelerating our electrified future in Australia," said Andrew Birkic, president and CEO, Ford Australia and New Zealand. "We are anticipating the needs of each type of customer and bringing the best of our global lineup to meet those requirements.
"For business customers, E-Transit delivers the durability and capability they need to serve their customers, along with zero-emissions efficiency," Birkic said.
Ford says its E-Transit is a 'no-compromise business partner that brings all the versatility of the global best-selling Transit and introduces the significant advantage of zero tailpipe emissions while being more than capable of taking on the toughest of tasks'.
The company claims an impressive driving range of up to 317kms, which it says is more than 2.5 times the average distance a commercial van travels each.
Ford says the figures are 'officially homologated energy efficiency' and figures, including driving range, will be published closer to on-sale date for Australia using ADR 81/02 certification.
The company claims the figure quoted is the targeted range and the charge time is based on manufacturer tested values and calculation according to the present European requirements that use the WLTP drive cycle
Ford says its Australian EV roadmap forms part of Ford's global investment of approx. AUD$40 billion in electrification by 2025.
The company says that to ensure a smooth electrification rollout, it is collaborating with JET Charge, a leading supplier of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, to ready its dealer network with charging infrastructure, as part of a launch framework that includes extensive in-house training programmes, a select network of dealers with specialist EV workshop equipment and end-user maintenance routines in readiness for the first vehicles to arrive.
Ford says it will also install charging stations at its facilities in Campbellfield, at its YouYangs Proving Ground, and at the company's new logistics hub at Merrifield.
The company says Australian consumers and businesses are demonstrating increasing interest in transitioning to electrified vehicles.
It cites recent research conducted by YouGov indicated that 58 per cent of businesses can see EV's becoming a part of their vehicle fleet in the future. In addition it says that 63 per cent of Aussie consumers would like to see cleaner and more sustainable Commercial Vehicle fleets on the road, and that 52 per cent are likely to consider an electrified vehicle for their next vehicle purchase. The company says the market research used a total sample size of 1,045 adults aged 18 plus and was undertaken between the 16th and 19th September as an online survey.
"We know that many businesses are looking to make the switch to electrified vehicles, and that's backed up by increasing interest from consumers and growing support from government," added Elly Haug, policy director, Ford Australia.
"We're committed to helping our fleet customers meet the expectations of their customers – and that includes taking real action on climate change. Offering a sustainable transport option with E-Transit will help businesses on their road to net zero.
"It's part of our holistic approach to electrification for both business and consumers – for business, we will help lower their carbon footprint through cleaner logistics solutions like E-Transit, and for consumers, a choice of highly efficient plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles will help them cut their own carbon footprint."
Ford says its sites will also play a role in helping the company to achieve its global ambition of carbon neutrality, including Ford's new parts and logistics hub at Merrifield, which will have a 5-star green energy rating, and Ford plants around the world, which are targeted to run off 100 per cent local renewables by 2035.
The company says that while addressing climate change through its product line up is a key focus for Ford, the company is also aiming to improve the health of the planet in other ways, including using recycled and renewable plastics in vehicles, working towards true zero waste to landfill across operations, and phasing out the use of freshwater in manufacturing operations.
Ford claims its full-size E-Transit will begin to arrive with Australian customers in rear-wheel drive 420L long wheel-base configuration from mid-2022, after the Escape PHEV makes its debut as Ford's first locally available plug-in hybrid variant.
"For 56 years Transit has been the first choice for getting the job done, and we're again moving the game on with this fully electric version," said Anna Hercan, transit retail & product marketing manager, Ford Australia.
"Our business customers tell us how important it is for them to have their van ready whenever it's needed. E-Transit has more than enough range for a full day's work, can fully charge overnight so it's ready for the next morning and there's no sacrifice in its load carrying capacity or convenience," Hercan added.
The company says that with a usable battery capacity of 68 kWh, E-Transit offers an estimated driving range of up to 317kms on the combined WLTP cycle, providing enough range to meet daily requirements and making it ideal for urban environments and fixed drive routes, but with sufficient additional capacity to account for variations in vehicle load and weather conditions.
The vehicle's electric motor has a peak output of 198kW and 430 Nm of torque, making it the most powerful Transit currently available in Australia. Its rear-wheel drive layout also ensures outstanding traction when the vehicle is heavily laden.
E-Transit's drive modes are tailored to its electric powertrain. A special Eco Mode can provide between eight and 10 per cent improvement in energy usage if E-Transit is driven unladen, or at highway speeds. Eco Mode limits top speed, regulates acceleration and optimises climate control to help maximise the available driving range.
The vehicle also supports Scheduled Pre-Conditioning, enabling the climate control system to be programmed to adjust the cabin to the preferred temperature while the vehicle is still on charge, ensuring that the maximum driving range is available.
E-Transit features both AC charging and DC fast-charging. The vehicle's 11.3 kW on-board charger is capable of delivering a 100 per cent charge in up to 8.2 hours.2 Charging with up to 115 kW using a high-power DC fast-charger, E-Transit can top-up the battery from 15 per cent to 80 per cent in around 34 minutes.2
Ford engineers designed E-Transit's driveline and rear suspension system to optimise cargo space, locating the battery underneath the body and creating a heavy-duty semi-trailing arm suspension system that enables better steering precision and more confident handling, plus better traction in both laden and unladen conditions. This also allows for an uncompromised cargo capacity of up to 11.3 cubic metres in mid-roof specification and 12.4 cubic metres for the high roof version, both of which are identical to the Transit 350L RWD diesel equivalents. Gross vehicle mass of up to 4.2 tonnes is offered, with a targeted payload of 1,616 kg.
Customers will also benefit from Ford's five-year, unlimited kilometre service offering that sits alongside the eight-year, 160,000 km warranty package for the battery and high-voltage electric components.3
Full model specification and pricing details for the E-Transit will be announced closer to its Australian market launch
Ford News
VOLVO INKS ITS BIGGEST EVER ELECTRIC TRUCK DEAL
October 13, 2021 Jon Thomson Truck and Bus News
With the push to zero emission transport continuing apace in the Northern Hemisphere Volvo Trucks has announced it has received its largest order so far for electric trucks, with Northern Europe's largest shipping and logistics company, […]
MERCEDES DRONES ON ABOUT NEW CONCEPT VAN
September 12, 2016 Jon Thomson Truck and Bus News
Mercedes-Benz has revealed a revolutionary take on the delivery van by unveiling its Vision Van concept ahead of its debut at the Paris Motor Show later this month. The Vision Van is an autonomous, drone-launching […]
ELECTRIC COMMERCIAL VEHICLE RANGES SET TO DOUBLE BY 2023
Although the affects of Covid 19 on global economies have been drastic and dire particularly suppressing vehicle sales and production, zero-emission (ZE) truck and bus models are believed to be on the verge of a […]


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Status of Vaccine Research and Development for Nipah Virus
Benjamin A Satterfield, Brian E Dawes, Gregg N Milligan. Vaccine. Volume 34, Issue 26. June 2016.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic, recently emerged paramyxovirus that has been responsible for sporadic outbreaks of respiratory and encephalitic disease in Southeast Asia. High case fatality rates have also been associated with recent outbreaks in Malaysia and Bangladesh. Although over two billion people currently live in regions in which NiV is endemic or in which the Pteropusfruit bat reservoir is commonly found, there is no approved vaccine to protect against NiV disease. This report examines the feasibility and current efforts to develop a NiV vaccine including potential hurdles for technical and regulatory assessment of candidate vaccines and the likelihood for financing.
About the Disease and Pathogen
Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged highly pathogenic paramyxovirus of the genus Henipavirus and is the causative agent of sporadic outbreaks of respiratory and encephalitic disease in Southeast Asia. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published a concise summary of early knowledge about NiV. NiV was first recognized as an emerging human pathogen in 1998 during an outbreak of encephalitic disease among pig farmers in peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. The Malaysian outbreak was the result of pig-to-human transmission following an outbreak of mild respiratory and encephalitic disease in pigs. Human-to-human transmission was suspected in a few cases (about 1%). The case fatality rate (CFR) for this initial outbreak was 38% in Malaysia and Singapore. Pteropus fruit bats were later shown to be the reservoir host for NiV. Spillover from bats to pigs likely occurred via partially eaten fruits or direct exposure to infectious bat secretions. The primary mechanism of exposure to humans in this outbreak was via infectious secretions from pigs resulting in 276 confirmed cases and 105 deaths.
While there are no standardized criteria and methodologies, diagnosis of human infections is based on identification of individuals exhibiting clinical symptoms including altered mental status and/or seizures. Blood drawn from individuals with suspected NiV infection can be tested for NiV-specific IgM by ELISA. PCR-based diagnosis is an alternative method available mainly in higher income countries. The incubation period is between 4 and 30 days, although most cases range between 5 and 18 days. Human cases typically present with abrupt onset of fever, headache, dizziness, and vomiting. Neurological signs include reduced levels of consciousness, segmental myoclonus, areflexia, hypotonia, and abnormal doll's eye-reflex which develop in these individuals within a week of fever onset. In the Malaysia outbreak, atypical pneumonia was seen in 14% of patients and neurological symptoms varied among infected individuals. Approximately, 5% of patients developed late-onset encephalitis ten weeks after infection which resolved completely while approximately 9% displayed another round of encephalitis. It is believed that this recurrent encephalitis is a result of recrudescence due to re-immergence of a latent infection rather than as a result of a re-infection. There are currently no known risk factors for relapsed encephalitis. Many survivors of NiV infection have long-term neurological sequelae leading to decreased quality of life and earning potential.
Although no further outbreaks have been reported in Malaysia, two outbreaks have occurred in India and nearly annual outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh since 2001. Bangladesh outbreaks have been smaller and more isolated than the Malaysia outbreak but resulted in higher CFRs (average 75%) with over 300 confirmed cases from 2001 to 2015. Most outbreaks were clusters of related cases but occasionally cases of individual infections widely separated geographically from other NiV cases have been reported. The clinical presentation is similar to that seen in Malaysia, but results in more frequent severe respiratory disease (70% of cases), and are the result of direct bat-to-human transmission via consumption of contaminated raw date palm sap with subsequent human-to-human spread. The nature of human-to-human transmission is not clear but requires close contact perhaps mediated by droplets, fomites, intimate contact with body secretions or a combination of these elements. Genomic sequencing showed that two distinct NiV strains were responsible for these Malaysia and Bangladesh outbreaks. Whether these observed differences in disease presentation and outcome are due to strain variation, route of exposure, or differences in healthcare remains to be determined. The two outbreaks in Indian regions bordering Bangladesh resulted in similar CFR and were also likely transmitted via consumption of contaminated date palm sap. Recently, a henipavirus, most likely NiV, caused an outbreak in the Philippines with 17 cases and nine fatalities. Human infections occurred following exposure to infected horses, possible human-to-human transmission (likely via close contact), and transmission to domestic cats and a dog was also reported. Due to poor surveillance in rural areas of countries with endemic NiV, the true disease burden is uncertain and many cases likely go undetected. The outbreaks in Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines involved the loss of life and diminished the earning potential of survivors due to long-term disability demonstrating a clear economic impact of the NiV outbreaks. Because NiV is highly infectious to humans by aerosols, and is life-threatening to humans and agricultural animals with a high CFR, NiV is classified internationally as a biosafety level 4 (BSL4 or P4) agent.
Several risk factors have led to the proposal that NiV poses a pandemic threat including: a broad host range, widespread distribution of the predominant Pteropus bat reservoir as well as less dominant Eonycteris, Cynopterus, Scotophilus, and Hipposideros bat reservoirs across Southern Asia, Australia, and Madagascar, and high seroprevalence rates in reservoirs. Antibodies against henipa-like viruses have also been discovered in Eidolon helvum bats and domestic pigs in Ghana as well as in humans reporting contact with bats in Cameroon. In addition, over half of cases in Bangladesh are due to human-to-human transmission. As demonstrated by the recent West African Ebola outbreak, there is potential for highly pathogenic emerging infections that normally cause only small, isolated and containable outbreaks to occasionally result in large epidemics that inflict a significant mortality and morbidity burden. In this regard, the number of people at risk of acquiring NiV in Bangladesh and the neighboring West Bengal state of India (regions that experience more frequent outbreaks) exceeds 250 million. The total number of people at risk, including all countries that experience NiV outbreaks and in which the Pteropus bats occur naturally, exceeds two billion.
Despite the potential importance of NiV as an emerging disease pathogen, no specific therapeutics or vaccines are currently approved for use in humans. Current prevention of disease in endemic countries relies on behavior modifications to prevent spillover, including farming practices which decrease livestock exposure to bats, the use of bamboo skirts to prevent date palm sap contamination, and pasteurizing date palm sap. Though these approaches appear to be effective strategies of prevention, their implementation is often problematic due to cultural factors.
Overview of Current Efforts
Biological Feasibility for Vaccine Development
Although no licensed human vaccines for NiV exist, there is strong evidence that an effective vaccine is feasible. Other related paramyxoviruses, such as measles virus (MV) and mumps virus, yield long-term immunity after natural infection, and safe, efficacious live attenuated vaccines with defined correlates of protection have been developed that have been used safely against these pathogens for decades. Recent evidence also suggests that almost all successful viral vaccines target viruses with average incubation periods of at least 5-7 days whereas efforts have proved largely unsuccessful to produce vaccines for viruses with shorter incubation periods. The evidence suggests that the average incubation period for NiV is above the 5-7 day threshold and therefore has strong potential for the development of a successful vaccine. Additionally, various candidate vaccine platforms have demonstrated the feasibility of using one or both of the NiV outer-membrane proteins, the glycoprotein (G) and fusion (F) protein, as the antigen(s) to stimulate a protective immune response in various preclincal challenge models including hamsters, cats, ferrets, African green monkeys (AGMs), and pigs. Neutralizing antibody titers typically ranging from about 160 to 16,000 were induced in several animal models by these vaccines. Little or no clinical signs of disease were observed in vaccinated animals after NiV challenge and protection against mortality was typically 100% depending on the vaccination route and dose. Immune responses are also produced in mice, although mice are not susceptible to NiV infection and therefore protection could not be assessed. The nature of the protective immunity provided by immunization with these vaccine antigens is not completely defined but likely due to inhibitory/neutralizing antibodies that prevent binding and/or fusion of NiV with host cells. This mechanism would be consistent with the ability of various polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies against the NiV or HeV F and/or G proteins to protect in animal models when administered either pre- or post-exposure.
Due to the extreme lethal nature of NiV, producing a safe, live attenuated vaccine with no potential of reversion is generally considered a difficult approach, although recombinant-derived NiV mutants have been produced that are attenuated in hamster and ferret models and generate a strong neutralizing antibody response. Most candidate vaccine platforms have either focused on the subunit vaccine or live-vectored vaccine approaches. It is notable that there are no current vaccine candidates using formalin-inactivated NiV, likely due to the safety issues that have arisen in the past with formalin-inactivated paramyxovirus vaccines including early attempts with MV and respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. The most studied vaccine candidate is a subunit vaccine consisting of a soluble glycoprotein (sG) from the related henipavirus Hendra virus (HeV), which causes human and equine disease. HeV and the NiV Malaysia strain share amino acid homology between all viral proteins of between 68 and 92%. For the F protein, the homology is 88% whereas there is a homology of 83% for the G protein. This HeV sG vaccine also protects ferrets and AGMs from experimental challenge with NiV as well as HeV. One formulation of this HeV sG vaccine called Equivac® HeV, has recently been licensed to vaccinate horses in Australia against HeV, thus demonstrating the feasibility of henipavirus vaccine development.
Various vectored vaccine candidates have been described in the literature including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), rabies virus (RABV), canarypox virus (CNPV ALVAC strain), adeno-associated virus (AAV), MV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). The RABV and MV vectors are based on current vaccine strains of these viruses with known safety profiles. Ebola vaccine candidates utilizing a VSV vector similar to the strategy for NiV are currently in advanced clinical evaluation; their safety and efficacy data will help determine the feasibility of utilizing the VSV vaccine platform for NiV vaccines. Research to date has focused on two strains of NiV: the Malaysia (NiVM) and Bangladesh (NiVB) strains. These strains share 95% amino acid homology in the G protein and 98% homology in the F protein. Although they share even less homology with the G and F proteins of HeV, several studies have shown significant or complete cross-protection with vaccines for NiVM, NiVB, and HeV. The durability of protection for the various vaccine candidates has not yet been assessed with the exception of a single study showing the HeV sG vaccine conferring protection against NiV at least 12 months after two vaccinations administered 20 days apart in ferrets.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the surface glycoproteins of HeV have shown efficacy against both HeV and NiV as pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis in animal models but since these antibodies must be administered before the onset of clinical signs, they are unlikely to be useful for treating symptomatic patients in an outbreak scenario, but may prove beneficial in prophylactically treating potentially exposed individuals. In this regard, a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the Hendra G protein and cross-reactive with the related G protein of NiV has been used as a therapeutic treatment in ten humans with significant exposure risk to HeV or NiV.
General Approaches to Vaccine Development for This Disease for Low and Middle Income Country Markets
Age does not appear to be a factor in NiV disease as documented infections have occurred in individuals from all age groups and no difference in disease severity has been observed among different age groups. The only country with regular, recurring outbreaks at the present time is Bangladesh, thus that population is likely in greatest need of a NiV vaccine. However, seropositive Pteropus bats have been detected throughout much of Southeast Asia and pose potential for risk of NiV outbreaks to further human populations.
NiV outbreaks have been associated with infection of pigs or horses with subsequent spread to human populations, although the annual outbreaks in Bangladesh are not associated with domestic livestock, but direct contamination from infected fruit bats and human-to-human transmission. Some vaccination strategies include vaccinating swine herds or horses to prevent spread to human populations; however, this strategy would not pertain to Bangladesh, and potentially other countries where human vaccination is needed to prevent disease.
Several vaccination strategies for direct protection of humans are possible but are highly influenced by the unpredictable occurrence of NiV outbreaks and the limited number of cases typically found in an average NiV outbreak. One strategy would deploy a stockpiled vaccine for ring vaccination around a village or area where NiV cases are discovered similar to that examined in the current Ebola outbreak. Other possible approaches involve creating vectored vaccines capable of protecting against both NiV and other pathogens such as MV or RABV in order to reduce the costs and ease the logistics of delivering this vaccine.
Technical and Regulatory Assessment
No clinical trials have yet begun for NiV vaccine candidates. The epidemiology and sporadic nature of NiV outbreaks makes large scale, Phase III clinical trials difficult to plan to assure achieving meaningful efficacy results that would support licensure. A pathway for approval might be possible in the United States via the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Animal Rule or through the identification of surrogate markers of immune protection. The FDA's Animal Rule is intended to enable approval of drugs against highly lethal infections in situations where definitive human efficacy studies cannot be conducted because it would be unethical, and/or field trials have not been feasible. In this instance, efficacy via protection in one or two experimental animal models that replicate key characteristics of the human disease and are predictive of the mechanism of protection in humans may offer an alternative licensure pathway. The AGM, ferret, and hamster models are well established and accurately model human disease. Furthermore, the sG and VSV vaccines have protected AGMs and ferrets from lethal intranasal and intratracheal NiV challenge. However, although this mechanism may represent a potential pathway for NiV vaccine approval in the United States, no vaccines have been approved through this mechanism to date. Even with the Animal Rule, human Phase I/II trials will still be required for safety trials, and having these conducted before the beginning of a large-scale outbreak is important in allowing for a rapid response. The lack of these trials prior to the current Ebola outbreak has been a hindrance in the rapidity of deploying a vaccine in a timely manner.
Identification of an accurate correlate or surrogate of protection might serve as a satisfactory vaccination outcome to facilitate regulatory approval, although true correlates of protection against NiV are not completely defined and standardized methods for measuring immune correlates are currently lacking. The correlate of protection against NiV infection of humans will likely involve neutralizing antibody levels. Neutralizing antibodies appear to be a main mediator of protection as evidenced by the ability of the several vaccine candidates to induce neutralizing antibodies, and by the protective role of passive antibody transfer in experimental animal models. The sG vaccine animal efficacy data suggests that neutralizing antibody titers as low as 16 or 32 offer full protection against NiV and HeV but we do not know how this level of neutralizing activity translates to protection in humans. The necessity of performing neutralization assays with virulent NiV under conditions of high biocontainment complicates development of neutralization assays using standardized reagents, NiV strains, and assay conditions. More importantly, this issue precludes common use of these assays in most basic and clinical laboratories. The use of pseudotype viruses in neutralization assays may overcome assay development and standardization gaps by allowing assays to be performed under biosafety levels attained in most basic and clinical laboratories. As an alternative approach, identification and quantification of potential non-neutralizing, serological surrogate markers of vaccine protection may involve the use of multiplexed microsphere assays or ELISA assays for quantification of NiV-specific IgG, IgA, and IgM responses. However, further work is needed to standardize reagents and assay conditions and to define any relationship between specific antibody levels and immune protection.
Most candidate NiV vaccines are in early stages of development. Experimental vaccines in which NiV proteins are expressed by various virus vectors represent an attractive approach in NiV vaccine development. VSV-vectored Ebola vaccines are currently in Phase III efficacy trials, suggesting that a similar safety and efficacy testing pathway might be implemented for VSV vectored NiV vaccines. However, as mentioned previously, a subunit vaccine called Equivac HeV® incorporating sG is already in production as an approved veterinary vaccine for HeV in Australia. This vaccine is formulated using 100μg of sG prepared from either 293F human embryonic kidney or CHO cells with a proprietary immunostimulatory complex adjuvant. Currently, the vaccine is administered to horses by the intramuscular route as two immunizations, three to six weeks apart followed by boosting at six month intervals. The success of experimental sG vaccines in experimental animal models and the use of Equivac HeV ® as an effective vaccine in horses suggest this approach may also be efficacious in humans. Formulation of sG with an approved adjuvant represents a platform that should likely be investigated through human clinical studies.
Status of Vaccine R&D Activities
All R&D activities for NiV vaccines are in the pre-clinical stage having been tested in the hamster, ferret, and/or AGM preclinical challenge models. Table 1 provides a summarized list of current preclinical vaccine candidates. Various experimental subunit vaccines utilizing sG protein and adjuvants such as Alhydrogel® and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide have been shown to be protective against NiV in multiple animal models. The most advanced vaccine of this category is Equivac HeV® that is formulated with a proprietary immunostimulatory complex adjuvant. The sG vaccine has been shown to be cross-protective between NiVM and HeV. There are other various vectored vaccine candidates that have been tested in animal models. Of these, the most studied by multiple groups is the VSV vector using a similar strategy to that being employed in Ebola virus vaccine candidates in current clinical trials, however the VSV vector used is not identical among studies. Additional vaccine vectors include RABV, CNPV ALVAC, AAV, MV, VEE, and NDV. All of these candidate vaccines utilize the NiV outer-membrane G and/or F proteins as target antigens to elicit neutralizing antibodies and give full protection in hamster, ferret, or AGM models after a single injection without the use of adjuvants. A VSV-vectored vaccine has been shown to be cross-protective between NiVB and NiVM. The remaining cross-protection studies have not been performed or published. Passive antibodies to NiV or HeV G and/or F have also been demonstrated to give protection against NiV.
Almost all published results have occurred within the last five years and are preliminary studies with small numbers of animals, and all of these candidates are from academic laboratories (Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [USU], University of Texas Medical Branch [UTMB], Yale University, Thomas Jefferson University [TJU], and University of Tokyo [UoT]) or government (United States [US] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], Rocky Mountain Laboratories [RML], Canadian Food Inspection Agency [CFIA] National Center for Foreign Animal Diseases [NCFAD], Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale [INSERM], and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences [CAAS] State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology [SKLVB]), with the HeV sG vaccine also having vaccine pharma partners (e.g. Pfizer Animal Health, and Zoetis, Inc.).
Likelihood for Financing
An effective NiV vaccine would likely find use primarily in the low and middle income countries where the virus is currently endemic. Vaccine financing could potentially be made available through mechanisms such as The Gates Foundation or Gavi, although there are potential impediments to this approach. Bangladesh and India are currently Gavi-eligible but other NiV-endemic countries such as Malaysia and the Philippines are not. Due to the current low incidence of disease and relatively early development status of vaccine candidates, it is unlikely that NiV vaccines would be selected for funding from these types of programs as a general childhood vaccine unless the vaccine was coupled with another, more common vaccine such as for MV. A non-coupled NiV vaccine for use primarily as a traveler's vaccine or for immunization of military recruits would likely have to be developed and funded by universities with government and eventual pharmaceutical partnering, in a similar fashion to the current Ebola virus vaccine candidates.
Candidate name/identifier: institution Preclinical Developers
Subunit vaccine
HeV sG X Zoetis, Inc./USU
Vectored vaccines
VSV-NiVB F and/or G X UTMB
VSV-NiVM G X CDC
VSV-NiVM G X RML
VSV-NiVM F and/or G X Yale University
VSV-HeV G: X TJU/RML
RABV-HeV G: X TJU/RML
ALVAC-F/G X CFIA-NCFAD
AAV-NiVM G X INSERM
rMV-Ed-G X UoT
V-NiVG X USU
rLa-NiVG and/or rLa-NiVF X CAAS-SKLVB
Passive antibody transfer
Polyclonal serum NiV F or G X INSERM
Mouse mAbs NiV F or G X INSERM
Human mAb m102.4 Henipah G X USU
← Hendra and Nipah Virus Animal Vaccines History of Xinjiang: Central Eurasia Ascendant (9th-16th Centuries) →


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Medroxyprogesterone acetate (71-58-9)
Provera · DepoProvera · Depo Provera
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sold under the brand name Depo-Provera among others, is a hormonal medication of the progestin type. It is used as birth control and as part of menopausal hormone therapy. It is also used to treat endometriosis, abnormal uterine bleeding, abnormal sexuality in males, and certain types of cancer.
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stanozolol (10418-03-8, 302-96-5)
Winstrol · Stanazolol · Stromba
Stanozolol, sold under many brand names, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which was derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It was developed by American pharmaceutical company Winthrop Laboratories (Sterling Drug) in 1962, and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human use, though it is no longer marketed in this country. It is also used in veterinary medicine.
1,3,5-tris(3-isocyanato-4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (26603-40-7, 8060-82-0)
brobenzoxaldine, broxyquinoline drug combination · Intestopan · Enteroquin
thalidomide (50-35-1)
Thalomid · Celgene Brand of Thalidomide · Sedoval
Thalidomide, sold under the brand name Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs. Today, thalidomide is used mainly as a treatment of certain cancers (multiple myeloma) and of a complication of leprosy. Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957 in West Germany under the trade-name Contergan.
Melatonin (8041-44-9, 73-31-4)
Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine, is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals and regulates sleep and wakefulness. Melatonin is also produced in plants where it functions as a first line of defense against oxidative stress. In animals, melatonin is involved in the entrainment (synchronization) of the circadian rhythms including sleep-wake timing, blood pressure regulation, seasonal reproduction, and many others.
loperamide (53179-11-6)
Imodium · Loperamide Hydrochloride · Loperamide Monohydrochloride
Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium among others, is a medication used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea. It is often used for this purpose in gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and short bowel syndrome. It is not recommended for those with blood in the stool.
OXANDROLONE (53-39-4)
Anavar · Oxandrin · SC 11585
Oxandrolone, sold under the brand names Oxandrin and Anavar among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used to help promote weight gain in various situations, to help offset protein catabolism caused by long-term corticosteroid therapy, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain associated with osteoporosis, to aid in the development of girls with Turner syndrome, and for other indications. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of oxandrolone include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.
flutamide (13311-84-7)
Eulexin · Euflex · SCH 13521
Flutamide, sold under the brand name Eulexin among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used primarily to treat prostate cancer. It is also used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, excessive hair growth, and high androgen levels in women. It is taken by mouth, usually three times per day.
azathioprine (446-86-6)
Imuran · Azothioprine · Azathioprine Sodium
Azathioprine (AZA), sold under the brand name Imuran among others, is an immunosuppressive medication. It is used in rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and in kidney transplants to prevent rejection. It is taken by mouth or injected into a vein.
testosterone (58-22-0)
Testim · Testoderm · AndroGel
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. In addition, testosterone is involved in health and well-being, and the prevention of osteoporosis.
hydroxychloroquine (118-42-3)
Plaquenil · Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate · Oxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used for the prevention and treatment of certain types of malaria. Specifically it is used for chloroquine sensitive malaria. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda.
ethisterone (434-03-7)
Pregneninolone · Anhydrohydroxyprogesterone · 17 alpha Ethynyltestosterone
Ethisterone (brand names Proluton C, Pranone among others), also known as ethinyltestosterone, pregneninolone, or anhydrohydroxyprogesterone, is a progestin with androgenic activity which was derived from testosterone and was introduced for medical use in 1939. It was the second progestogen to be marketed (intramuscular progesterone was introduced as Proluton in 1934) and was both the first orally active progestogen and the first progestin (synthetic progestogen) to be introduced. Although ethisterone has largely been superseded by newer drugs and is now little used, it reportedly continues to be available in some countries.
methyltestosterone (262423-02-9, 58-18-4)
Android · Oreton · Metandren
Methyltestosterone, sold under the brand names Android, Metandren, and Testred among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men, delayed puberty in boys, at low doses as a component of menopausal hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms like hot flashes, osteoporosis, and low sexual desire in women, and to treat breast cancer in women. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of methyltestosterone include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.
formestane (566-48-3)
Formestane, sold under the brand name Lentaron among others, is a steroidal, selective aromatase inhibitor which is used in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The drug is not active orally, and is instead available only as an intramuscular depot injection. Because of this, it is no longer popular as many orally active aromatase inhibitors have been identified and introduced.
danazol (17230-88-5)
Danocrine · Azol · Danol
Danazol, sold under the brand names Danatrol, Danocrine, Danol, and Danoval among many others, is a synthetic steroid that is used primarily in the treatment of endometriosis. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1971 as the first drug in the country to specifically treat this condition.
bicalutamide (90357-06-5)
Casodex · 4'-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3'-(trifluoromethyl)propionanilide · ICI 176334
Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer. It is typically used together with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or surgical removal of the testicles to treat advanced prostate cancer. Bicalutamide may also be used to treat excessive hair growth in women, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women, to treat early puberty in boys, and to prevent overly long-lasting erections in men.
(R)-Bicalutamide (113299-40-4)
testosterone enanthate (315-37-7)
Delatestryl · Andropository · Durathate
Testosterone enanthate, sold under the brand name Delatestryl among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men. It is also used in hormone therapy for transgender men. It is given by injection into muscle usually once every two to four weeks.
Mesterolone (1424-00-6)
Vistimon · Schering Brand of Mesterolone · Mesterolone Schering Brand
Mesterolone, sold under the brand name Proviron among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels. It has also been used to treat male infertility, although this use is controversial. It is taken by mouth.
Testosterone phenylpropionate (1255-49-8)
testosterone 17-phenylpropionate · Retandrol
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Let the snow melt continue! Our equipment is serviced and ready to go. This spring we plan to install more driveways to the lots at Rustic Outlook subdivision in Woodstock, Maine. Each lot has a beautiful mountain view and with our excavator mulching head we are able to open the grand vistas even more. Please continue to visit the main page of this website as we will continue to add more available lots. The views will be spectacular!


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Q: Getting error after installing pwa module in magento 2.3.4 I am using magento 2.3.4 and now trying to install pwa using below command
composer require magento/pwa
So I have installed successfully this module in backend now when I am running command of compilation then showing error of Magento\Framework\GraphQl\Query\Uid like below

Class Magento\Framework\GraphQl\Query\Uid does not exist
Class Magento\CatalogGraphQlAux\Model\Resolver\CustomAttributes\Interceptor generation error: The requested class did not generate p
roperly, because the 'generated' directory permission is read-only. If --- after running the 'bin/magento setup:di:compile' CLI comm
and when the 'generated' directory permission is set to write --- the requested class did not generate properly, then you must add t
he generated class object to the signature of the related construct method, only.

I have checked for this class but not found in any version of magento2.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Welcome to our new blog channel, this platform will help our readers stay tuned to our stories.
Q:Could you please share with our readers about the vision of the 'Belonging Group' and when it was started?
The Belonging group is central to FURDs (Football Unites-Racism Divides) work with Refugees and Asylum seekers. This was made possible in 2013 through the funding from the Big Lottery Research project. The main objective of the program is to help Refuge and Asylum seekers in the Sheffield area to integrate into new local communities and feel a sense of belonging. We deliver two sessions per week, on Wednesdays we have men's football sessions and women have health and well-being sessions as well as have an opportunity to play football. On Fridays we have a social club at the end of each session and there is a lunch arranged for the participants.
Q:Tell us more about the Men's Football session.
Foremost, it's very important for us as a community to understand the background of refugees and asylum seekers and their plight. They move into an uncharted territory of their life, where there is lack of personal identity, cultural and language barriers which prevail as a big threat for them to integrate into the community. This makes it difficult for them to adapt to this new environment. In addition, poor physical and mental health, difficulties in communication skills and lack of regular income. Individuals may find it difficult to get a job due to lack of relevant skills or in some cases they might not be able to legally work. All these factors have a direct impact on their confidence and self-esteem.
Our Belonging Football sessions have been a vital tool in breaking the chain of isolation and bring in a sense of belonging. A game of football brings in social interaction and people can get easily connected. We give each individual a safe space where they feel welcomed and are able to access leisure and sports activities, friendship, and a healthy free meal suitable for people of all cultural backgrounds. We provide them with a safe environment and same opportunities for the established communities and an opportunity to be themselves without being labelled. This has many positive outcomes for them as individuals and for the wider society.
Q:How do you follow-up each of these individuals that you are connected with through this football program?
There is a lack of recreation in their normal life so we keep involving them by giving an opportunity to turn up and play football in a supportive environment necessary for some Refugees and Asylum Seekers to feel comfortable. To take a step further, once they get involved into regular football sessions we provide football coaching with the aim of setting up a football team. As mentioned earlier they have all had a hard exile from their home so we need to give them space to share their stories and we also provide counselling session through our workers. If appropriate, we link them with like-minded organisations and partners to help if they face any other issues. We provide them with an opportunity to volunteer with FURD and also with other organisations and this a simple step to help them gain their confidence and have purpose to their normal day.
Q:How can someone who is reading this article help or get involved in your work?
Volunteer: If anyone wants to invest their time, the best way forward is to help us with our sessions which happens on Wednesdays and Thursdays. You don't have to have any specific skill set, just an interest in people and building friendships.
Donate Food: Thanks to Fareshare, their partners Tesco and Asda have been supporting us by donating surplus food for our social gatherings. We would like more people to donate surplus food or sponsor for cooking some food for our sessions.
Raise Awareness and Conduct campaigns: We would like our local community to know more about Refugee and Asylum Seekers and support our work. We need to raise awareness and provide information about the struggles that Refugee and Asylum Seekers face in their lives. Our support workers are willing to host sessions at your office or community gatherings to raise the profile.
Use our facilities: We manage the U- Mix centre at Asline Road on behalf of Sheffield City Council. We have many different facilities that people can use which helps to support our program.
Written by Sijo Joseph for Football Unites-Racism Divides.


The pain is sharp, piercing, a burning dagger's thrust inside her skull, somewhere behind the right eye. It hits just as she lifts her quill out of an inkwell. Her hand freezes. The quill, dropped, stains the letter she was just about to sign.
Wow - that's very graphic. I completely understand her pain. I'd keep reading.
That cover is stunning! I am really interested in Catherine the Great although I don't know half as much about her as I would like! This teaser definitely has me interested in this book though, might have to check it out! Thanks for sharing :) I hope you have a great week!
Wow, what a hook! I'd read more. Thanks for joining us.
It's hard to go wrong with Catherine the Great for a subject!
Sounds intense! Thanks for sharing...and enjoy.
That opening is a real attention grabber.
This one is new to me. But I like historical fiction and the cover is beautiful, I would read on.
Did someone just get murdered!?
Oh my, that beginning is really powerful. Enjoy!
Ouch! Reminds me of the migraines I used to get. I like the sound of this one, and I LOVE that cover! Happy reading!
Painful opening! The cover is gorgeous. Happy reading.
Migraine? Or psychic encounter? I love the cover.
A Very catch your attention teaser, sounds intriguing.
Very descriptive teaser. Great cover!
ooo, makes me wonder what is going on??? love the cover.
I'd have kept reading! Hope you're enjoying it!
Oh wow! That sounds painful! What happened next?


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The roots of Kaden Groves, Australia's fastest talent
Kaden Groves has recently finished his 2018 season in China with a bang as he finished third overall in the Tour of China II and took stage wins in the Tour of Quanzhou and the Tour of Fuzhou, that in addition to his victory in the closing stage of the Tour of Qianghai in early August account for an impressive tally of results in the Asian circuit. However, Groves was a late-comer to the sport as he tried cycling for the first time in 2014. "I started quite late in comparison to many. Four years ago I was trying to recover from a motorbike crash in which I injured my knee. I began with cycling as a part of the rehab process but never stop riding, so I gave up my Motorcross ambitions in order to focus on road cycling".
The 19-year old started his cycling journey with Australia's Sunshine Coast Cycling Club, with whom he stays related as an active club member. In 2017, and after becoming National Junior Champion the year before, the fast sprinter moved up to the Continental ranks as he joined the Sydney-based St. Geroge Continental Cycling Team. The good results and the constant proving of his development caught the eye of Mitchelton-Bike Exchange (Mitchelton – Scott's development team), and joined them halfway 2018 for the remainder of the season.
Despite being still in his early days in the cycling community, Groves admits that the sport has already taught him some valuable lessons to carry on his travel bag. "In my first year at Continental level, I learned the importance to race as a team and thanks to racing a strong calendar and racing against professional riders I realized how hard they compete. However, my most valuable lessons have been to never give up in stage races. Opportunities are available right up until the last stage and it is really important to stay hungry and motivated for results all the way until the end".


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Landmark Judgments and Articles on Law
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Order to Modify Reliefs under domestic violence granted without considering husband liabilities
Posted on 25/11/2017 by MyNation Leave a comment
IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Judgment delivered on: 10th November, 2017
CRL.REV.P. 494/2015 and Crl.M.A.No. 11437/15
SUKHJINDER SINGH SAINI ….. Petitioner
Through: Mr.Mahesh Kr. Tiwari and Mr.Bishnu Tiwari,Advocates with the petitioner in person.
HARVINDER KAUR ….. Respondent
Through: Mr.R.D. Tyagi, and Ms.Smriti Anupam,Advocates with the respondent in Person.
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE I.S.MEHTA
I. S. MEHTA, J.
1. Instant revision petition is preferred by the petitioner-
Sukhjinder Singh Saini under Sections 397 Cr.P.C. read with Section 482 Cr.P.C. for setting aside the impugned order dated 07.05.2015 passed the learned Special Judge CBI-03,(PC Act), Delhi in CA No. 04/2015, titled as "Sukhjinder Singh Saini Vs. Harvinder Kaur" whereby the learned Special Judge has dismissed an appeal filed by the present petitioner under Section 29 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 against the order dated 23.01.2015 passed by learned Metropolitan Magistrate-01, Central District, Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi in CC. No. 106/6/14 filed by the respondent- Harvinder Kaur under Section 12 of Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
2. The brief facts stated are that the respondent/complainant and petitioner have met through a matrimonial advertisement which was advertise by the parents of the respondent/complainant and then with the consent of both the parties they got engaged on 21.12.2008 and thereafter the marriage was solemnized at Ambala according to Sikh rites and customs on 22.02.2009. Out of the wedlock a male child namely Daksh Preet was born on 11.06.2013. After their marriage the respondent/complainant started to live at her matrimonial house with her in-laws and petitioner/husband at Zirkpur, Panchkula, Haryana and spent around one month. During the stay, after one week, the mother-in-law of the respondent/complainant started taunting and commenting about fewer dowries. Further the mother-in-law and sister-in-law of the respondent/complainant always demanded a luxury car from her and pressurized her for above said demand. The respondent/complainant after feeling so much humiliation from hands of mother-in-law and sister-in-law, shifted to Delhi after spending 40 days in her matrimonial home. Since 05.01.2014 the respondent/complainant is residing with her parents along with her minor child.
3. Subsequently, the respondent/complainant filed an application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 against the petitioner herein-Sukhjinder Singh Saini (husband of the respondent/complainant), Jaswinder Kaur (mother-in law of respondent/complainant) and Varinder kaur (sister in law of the respondent/complainant) along with an application under Section 23 (2) of the DV Act in the Court of learned Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi in complaint case No.106/6/14.
4. Consequently, the learned Metropolitan Magistrate after hearing the argument of both parties and after perusal of the documents placed on record vide order dated 23.01.2015 directed the petitioner to pay interim maintenance of Rs. 40,000- per month which includes the maintenance of her minor child as well as maintenance for alternative accommodation, if any, from the date of filing of the petition, i.e. 06.06.2014, till she is legally entitle to receive the same or the final disposal of the case, whichever is earlier.
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5. Aggrieved from the aforesaid order dated 23.01.2015 the petitioner preferred an appeal under Section 29 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 before the learned Sessions Court and the learned Special Judge, CBI-03 (PC Act), Delhi vide order dated 07.05.2015 dismissed the appeal of the petitioner, i.e. CA No.04/15.
Hence the present petition.
6. The learned counsel for petitioner has stated that the learned Appellate Court and the Trial Court failed to consider the evidences placed on record, particularly the affidavits of the parties, documentary evidences which established that no cruelty or harassment has ever been caused by the petitioner and also the salary details of the respondent/complainant and passed the order in a very mechanical way.
7. The learned counsel for the petitioner has further submitted that the since the mother of the petitioner is suffering from cancer since 2009, who is under intensive treatment since then and the petitioner has to look after her mother as she is of old age, in addition to that there are certain other responsibility on the petitioner towards his parents as well as unmarried sister who is studying and their entire expenditure is being borne by the petitioner only as he is the sole bread earner, who can look after them, but this aspect has not been considered while passing the order dated 23.01.2015 by the learned Metropolitan Magistrate.
8. The learned counsel for the petitioner has further submitted that the petitioner is living in a rented accommodation at Bangalore at the place of employment and there are other expenditure towards lodging, food etc. which are necessary and after deducting all the necessary expenditure towards responsibility/liability including his own expenditure, statutory deduction and loans taken by him, a meager amount is left and such granting of interim maintenance of Rs. 40,000/- without any consideration of the above said aspects, is on very higher side and that too from the date of filing of the application.
9. The learned counsel for the petitioner has also submitted that the learned Trial Court has failed to appreciate the common question that unless domestic violence is proved, no relief can be granted to the respondent/complainant as per the mandate of the Protection of Women from Domestic violence Act, 2005.
10. The learned Counsel for the petitioner has further submitted that the respondent/complainant is a well educated lady and earning sufficiently and she does not require any maintenance and she is intentionally not doing the job, earlier she was earning Rs. 55,000/- per month. The learned counsel for petitioner in support of his submissions has relied upon the following decisions:-
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1) Damanpreet Kaur vs. Indrmeet Juneja & Anr.; 2012 [4] JCC 2375.
2) Smt. Mamata Jaiswal vs. Rajesh Jaiswal; 2000(3) MPLJ 100.
3) Ravi Dutta vs. Kiran Dutta & Anr.; Crl. M.C. 3106/2008 decided on 11.02.2014.
4) Krishna Murthy Nookula Vs. Y. Savitha; Crl. Revision Petition No.815/209 decided on 09.12.2009.
11. The learned counsel for the petitioner has further submitted that respondent/complainant has enough sufficient means to maintain herself and her minor child whereas the impugned order dated 07.05.2105 passed by the learned Sessions Court does not give any heed to the said order dated 23.01.2015 which is too harsh and therefore, is liable to be set aside.
12. On the contrary the learned counsel for the respondent/complainant has submitted that the respondent/complainant is having four year old minor child and her father is a paralytic and she is residing with her parents and unable to maintain herself and her minor child. The petitioner is a man of means and he is under legal obligation to maintain her and her minor child and submits that the present petition be dismissed for want of merit.
13. It is an admitted fact coming on record that the main application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 is pending before the Trial Court. The determination of the same will be done by the Trial Court after leading of evidence by the respective parties and on the basis of material documents and income affidavits of the parties.
14. Since the respondent and her minor child are to be maintained by the petitioner, in the absence of denial of existence of the marriage and denial of paternity of the minor child, the petitioner cannot shy away from his statutory obligation of maintaining his legally wedded wife and his minor child.
15. It is a settled principle of law that both the parents have a legal, moral and social duty to provide to their child the best education and standard of living within their means. The mere fact that the spouse with whom the child is living is having a source of income, even if sufficient, would in no way absolve the other spouse of his obligation to make his contribution towards the maintenance and welfare of the child.
16. Sub-clause 2 of Section 23 of DV Act empowers the Magistrate to pass such interim order as he deems just and proper therefore, it is well within the jurisdiction of the Magistrate to grant the interim relief, if the Magistrate is satisfied that the application prima facie discloses that the respondent is committing, or has committed an act of domestic violence or that there is a likelihood that the respondent may commit an act of domestic violence.
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17. Moreover, the monetary relief can be granted to meet the expenses incurred and losses suffered by the aggrieved person and the child of the aggrieved person as a result of the domestic violence, and the question whether the aggrieved person, on the date of filing of the application under Section 12 of DV Act was in a domestic relationship with the respondent is irrelevant.
18. Furthermore, an act of domestic violence once committed, subsequent decree of divorce will not absolve the liability of the husband from the offence committed or to deny the benefit to which the aggrieved person- wife is entitled under the Domestic Violence Act, 2005 including monetary relief under Section 20, Child Custody under Section 21, Compensation under Section 22 and interim or ex parte order under Section 23 of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005. Reliance is placed on the judgment of the Apex Court in V.D. Bhanot v. Savita Bhanot; (2012) 3 SCC 183, has observed as under:-
"12. We agree with the view expressed by the High Court that in looking into a complaint Under Section 12 of the PWD Act, 2005, the conduct of the parties even prior to the coming into force of the PWD Act, could be taken into consideration while passing an order Under Sections 18, 19 and 20 thereof. In our view, the Delhi High Court has also rightly held that even if a wife, who had shared a household in the past, but was no longer doing so when the Act came into force, would still be entitled to the protection of the PWD Act, 2005."
19. Therefore, the contentions of the learned counsel for the petitioner and the judgments relied by him are not helpful in the facts and circumstances of the present case.
20. In view of the aforesaid, I find no infirmity in the impugned orders dated 07.05.2015 passed by the learned Special Judge, CBI-03 (PC Act), Delhi in CA No.04/15.
21. Consequently, the instant revision petition filed by the petitioner is dismissed having no merit.
However, this judgment shall not affect the merits of the case, application under Section 12 of DV Act pending between the parties as the determination of the same will be done by the Trial Court after considering the evidence on record and income affidavits of the parties.
22. The present petition is disposed of in the above terms. The Trial Court is directed to dispose of the application under Section 12 of DV Act filed by the respondent-wife as soon as possible and preferably within a period of six months from the date of this judgment.
23. Copy of this judgment be sent to the concerned Court(s). No order as to costs.
24. All pending applications (if any) are also disposed of accordingly.
I.S.MEHTA, J NOVEMBER 10, 2017
Posted in Judgments Tagged 489a help, 498a free advice, 498a judgments, 498a legal support, 498a support, clause, Code of Criminal Procedure.crpc, CPC, dv act, DV Act judgments, DV Act legal support, DV Act support, Harvinder Kaur, Indian Penal code, JUSTICE I.S.MEHTA, l, petition, petitioner, Section, Section 12, section 482 Cr.P.C, Sections 397 Cr.P.C, SUKHJINDER SINGH SAINI
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Manohar Pawar
Environmental and Social Justice Research Group
Institute for Land, Water and Society
Social Work and Arts
The Future of the Professions Research Group
Emailmpawarcsu.eduau
14 Presentation only
6 Edited book
3 Conference paper
1 Textbook/Reference book
1 Chapter in textbook/reference book
Global community practice for the global agenda.
Pawar, M. & Marie Weil, 31 Aug 2021, Global Community Practice for the Global Agenda. Oxford University Press
social development 90%
leadership 16%
The Impact and Implications of COVID-19: An Australian Perspective
O'Sullivan, D., Rahamathulla, M. & Pawar, M., 2021, Covid-19 Pandemic: Imact on and Implications for Community and Social Development. Pawar, M. (ed.). 1st ed. New Dehli: SAGE Publications India, p. 35-60 25 p.
need development 100%
political stability 99%
social inequality 82%
social isolation 71%
Community development, empowerment and social entrepreneurship by "Thankyou": An Australian Example
Pawar, M., 12 Apr 2019, Social entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship and social value creation: Relevance for contemporary social work practice. Nandan, M., Bent-Goodley, T. B. & Mandayam, G. (eds.). 1st ed. Washington, DC: NASW Press, p. 136-152 17 p.
community development 100%
empowerment 79%
social work 50%
poverty 45%
Community development programs
Pawar, M., 31 May 2019, Handbook of social policy and development. Midgley, J., Surender, R. & Alfers, L. (eds.). 1st ed. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 431-450 20 p.
political development 17%
socioeconomic development 17%
Social Policy 14%
developing country 12%
Challenges in social work and the need for innovation
Pawar, M., Bowles, W. & Bell, K., Aug 2018, Social work: Innovations and insights. Pawar, M., Bowles, W. & Bell, K. (eds.). North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Publishing, p. 297-304 8 p.
incomes policy 66%
basic income 62%
disadvantaged communities 56%
Experiences of southern-African skilled migrants in rural and regional NSW, Australia
Chida, I., Mungai, N. & Pawar, M., 2018, Social work: Innovations and insights. Pawar, M., Bowles, W. & Bell, K. (eds.). North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Publishing, p. 271-285 14 p.
migrant 100%
Swaziland 37%
economic research 32%
The vision of social work at Charles Sturt University: Reminiscences of founders and innovations
Pawar, M., Bowles, W. & Bell, K., Aug 2018, Social work: Innovations and insights. Pawar, M. S., Bowles, W. & Bell, K. (eds.). North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Publishing, p. 1-15 15 p.
Virtue-Led Social Work Practice
Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A., Aug 2018, Social work: Innovations and insights. Pawar, M., Bowles, W. & Bell, K. (eds.). North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly Publishing, p. 47-60 14 p.
A people world, rather than a paper world—Bronwyn Hyde
Pawar, M. & Bowles, W., 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. B. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 101-122 22 p.
inpatient facility 42%
Beyond goals and targets: Future of social development
Pawar, M. & Midgley, J., 2017, Future directions in social development. Midgley, J. & Pawar, M. (eds.). 1st ed. United States: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 253-264 12 p.
social development 100%
technical innovation 60%
spirituality 59%
peace 45%
But you can push and push and push - Diana Batzias
Pawar, M., 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. B. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 37-52 16 p.
custodial facility 100%
chief executive 60%
Juvenile justice 56%
asylum seeker 55%
child custody 52%
Empower people to take control of their own lives - Tom Calma, AO
Alexandra, A. & Pawar, M., 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. B. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 53-75 18 p.
social justice 100%
race discrimination 86%
diplomat 66%
Vietnam 57%
public sector 47%
Hunger for movement and action—Sue Vardon, AO
Pawar, M. & King, S., 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. B. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 157-178 21 p.
chief executive 100%
hunger 93%
community service 35%
correctional services 24%
disability 23%
Introduction - the role of virtues in social work practice
Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A., 01 Jan 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. B. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 1-16 16 p.
Biographies 100%
Social Workers 39%
Social development: Progress so far
Pawar, M., 2017, Future directions in social development. Midgley, J. & Pawar, M. (eds.). 1st ed. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 41-57 17 p.
nation state 26%
Social development forging ahead
Midgley, J. & Pawar, M., 2017, Future directions in social development. Midgley, J. & Pawar, M. (eds.). 1st ed. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 3-19 17 p.
value-orientation 25%
organization 13%
Social development in Asia and the Pacific: Major trends and issues
Pawar, M., 01 Jan 2017, Transforming society: Strategies for social development from Singapore, Asia and around the world . Tan, N. T., Chan, S., Mehta, K. & Androff, D. (eds.). 1st ed. London, UK: Routledge, p. 53-67 15 p. (Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series).
trend 55%
economic growth 39%
urban area 19%
The need for enhanced community participation
Pawar, M., 2017, Future directions in social development. Midgley, J. & Pawar, M. (eds.). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 79-98 20 p.
Community Participation 100%
governance system 15%
macro level 13%
Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A., 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. B. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 193-204 11 p.
community development 21%
social welfare 20%
You roll up your sleeves and you help, and work with people - Robyn Miller
Pawar, M. & Nipperess, S., 2017, Empowering social workers: Virtuous practitioners. Pawar, M., Hugman, R., Alexandra, A. & Anscombe, A. W. B. (eds.). 1st ed. Singapore: Springer, p. 139-156 18 p.
memorial 100%
family welfare 58%
child protection 47%
Indigenous communities' informal care and welfare systems for local-level social development in India
Pawar, M. & Jojo, B., 2015, Global frontiers of social development in theory and practice: Climate, economy and justice. Mohan, B. (ed.). 1st ed. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 189-207 19 p.
welfare 85%
cultural event 19%
funeral 16%
Medha Patkar's environmental activism and professional social work in India: Mass legitimacy and myopic structures
Pawar, M. & Pulla, V., 2015, Subversive action: Extralegal practices for social justice. Yu, N. & Mandell, D. (eds.). 1st ed. Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, p. 77-97 21 p.
legitimacy 100%
profession 86%
Dam construction 67%
Issues in historic child sponsorship
Watson, B., Lockton, H. & Pawar, M., 2014, Child sponsorship: Exploring pathways to a brighter future. watson, B. & Clarke, M. (eds.). London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 66-95 30 p.
sponsorship 100%
staff 9%
orphan 9%
helper 9%
community development 8%
Korean responses to environmental challenges: Origins, drivers and impacts of green growth on development
Pawar, M. & Huh, T., 2014, Learning from the South Korean developmental success: Effective developmental cooperation and synergistic institutions and policies. Yi, I. & Mkandawire, T. (eds.). London: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 297-311 15 p.
environmental policy 100%
policy 60%
governance approach 49%
policy approach 46%
Researching criminal court cases: A mixed-methods approach
Pawar, M., 2014, SAGE research methods. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, p. 3-25 23 p. (SAGE Research Methods Cases).
Criminal courts 100%
Court Cases 90%
Legal Research 51%
Criminal Justice 38%
research planning 33%
International community practice: Local-global issues and strategies
Pawar, M., 2013, The handbook of community practice. Weil, M., Reisch, M. & Ohmer, M. L. (eds.). 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, California : SAGE Publications Ltd, p. 633-652 20 p.
basic program 63%
refugee 36%
Pawar, M., 2012, Sage handbook of international social work. Lyons, K., Hokenstad, T., Pawar, M., Huegler, N. & Hall, N. (eds.). 5 ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, p. 389-392 4 p.
Setting the scene
Huegler, N., Lyons, K. & Pawar, M., 2012, The SAGE handbook of international social work. Lyons, K., Hokenstad, T., Pawar, M., Huegler, N. & Hall, N. (eds.). 1 ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, p. 1-33 33 p.
technical language 29%
Social work in Southern and Eastern Asia
Pawar, M. & Ming-sum, T., 2012, The SAGE handbook of international social work. Lyons, K., Hokenstad, T., Pawar, M., Huegler, N. & Hall, N. (eds.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd, p. 407-420 14 p.
Conclusions: Social development into the future
Pawar, M. S. & Cox, D. R., 01 Jan 2011, Social Development: Critical themes and perspectives. Pawar, M. S. & Cox, D. R. (eds.). 12 ed. New York: Routledge, p. 224-235 12 p.
society 25%
commitment 25%
leader 24%