text:
Why would Google want to buy Fitbit?
By Simon Hill	 October 29, 2019 5:12AM PST
The wearables market is racing towards records this year: IDC predicts more than 152 million wrist-worn wearables will be sold by the end of 2019 and healthy growth is expected to continue. The top five companies, with almost 66% of the worldwide market between them, are Xiaomi, Apple, Huawei, Fitbit, and Samsung, in that order. If Google has aspirations in wearables, Fitbit is a way in, which could explain the news that Google's parent company Alphabet Inc. may have made an offer to acquire Fitbit.
This revelation is based on a report from Reuters, which cites an anonymous source, and it is far from a done deal. We don't know what the offer looks like, if there was one, or whether Fitbit will accept it, but the company has been struggling of late. If we look back at IDC's report, it's smartwatches that are sprinting ahead of the pack, while simpler fitness bands, which make up the majority of Fitbit's revenue, seem to have run out of steam. Under pressure from a host of cheap fitness trackers, especially from Xiaomi, and struggling to transition to smartwatches where Apple is dominant, Fitbit has been stuck between a rock and a hard place. It has dropped prices — and profits have gone down with them. Though we liked the Fitbit Versa Lite, the stripped-down smartwatch was not a hit and was blamed for a decline in revenue that sent Fitbit's shares tumbling in the summer.
Kelly Hodgkins/Digital Trends
It's not difficult to see why Fitbit may be open to an acquisition, but why would Google move in this direction?
If we look at Google's hardware line-up, from the Pixel 4 to the Pixelbook Go to the Nest Mini, there's still a gap for a wearable and the Pixel Buds 2 aren't going to fill it. Google doesn't currently make smartwatches or fitness trackers, but it does offer Wear OS software, which is specially designed for smartwatches. The problem is that it's not very good and not one of the top five wearables players is using it.
Rumors about a Pixel Watch have been circulating for years, but it was a no-show at Google's latest event. There's little doubt that Google has worked on different smartwatch designs, in fact, six former employees revealed to Business Insider that a Pixel Watch was set to be unveiled alongside the original Pixel phone in 2016, but was axed amid fears it would tarnish the brand. Reportedly the LG-manufactured smartwatches ended up being released as the LG Watch Sport and the LG Watch Style, which debuted Google's Android Wear 2.0 update. The poor reviews suggest Google was right to drop them.
A mysterious $40 million deal with The Fossil Group in January, which saw Google acquire some intellectual property and the research and development team behind it, is a strong hint that Google is still planning a smartwatch. Google's push towards a hands-free future and this idea of "ambient technology" where a disembodied Google Assistant is our conduit to the nearest hardware could chime neatly with a microphone and speaker on your wrist. A Pixel Watch would also fit nicely into its wider ecosystem and pair up with Google's Pixel phones and its growing smart home portfolio.
But those are all reasons why Google might want to make a smartwatch. Why would it buy Fitbit with that goal in mind? After all, Fitbit has been struggling to break through on the smartwatch side, more than 50% of its sales still come from fitness trackers. Fitbit OS grew out of Pebble's software and it feels basic and a little lacking in features and app support, so it's hard to imagine that's a reason. Design-wise, while they're solidly built, Fitbit smartwatches like the Versa 2 feel derivative and uninspired.
What Fitbit does have, that Google lacks right now, is a large community of users wearing its devices and sending all that fitness and health-related data to its servers. Google is all about collecting data, applying machine learning, and using it to develop insights and smarter software. Though Google Fit is widely available on Android, Wear OS, and even iOS devices, it has far fewer active monthly users than Fitbit. A report from last year covering the most popular health and fitness apps in the U.S. suggested Google Fit has 2.6 million monthly unique users compared to Fitbit's 27.4 million.
On top of all that data, Google would also gain Fitbit's algorithms. Every company engaged in fitness tracking has its own set of secret algorithms for counting steps, measuring calories burned, and tracking sleep.
Another potential motivation may lie in Fitbit's move into the healthcare market, a side of the business that has been growing steadily. Fitbit has sold a lot of devices through corporate wellness programs and it has started to successfully target health insurers. Fitbit also partnered with Google in this space, adopting its Google Cloud for Healthcare platform which provides a secure way to share sensitive medical data. There's a growing realization that tracking devices could save the healthcare industry, particularly insurers, an enormous amount of money and Fitbit is well-placed to step in.
If the acquisition goes ahead, it's not clear how Fitbit would be integrated. One of the very valid reasons Fitbit didn't adopt Wear OS was to maintain good battery life in its devices. Google can't just put Wear OS on Fitbit devices and expect it to be a success. But it would be weird for Google to own a wearables brand that doesn't run its own platform.
It's hard to imagine Google having a hit smartwatch without gorgeous design and major improvements to Wear OS and buying Fitbit won't tick either of those boxes. It's always possible some longer-term master plan will emerge and Google will leverage the Fitbit brand to turn out an amazing new wearable that's fit to compete with the Apple Watch, but it looks like a long shot right now.
The views expressed here are solely those of the author and do not reflect the beliefs of Digital Trends.
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Home'Trump Youth' Group Draws on Nazi-Associations, White Supremacist Tropes
'Trump Youth' Group Draws on Nazi-Associations, White Supremacist Tropes
Josefin DolstenAugust 16, 2016Nikki Casey
Nikki Casey
"Trump Youth," a group for millennial Donald Trump supporters bears striking similarities to Hitler's youth movement, and its leader urged fighting "globalists," a term that white nationalists often associate with Jews.
"Our nations have been commandeered by an international criminal cartel and this parasite is feeding on our energy. It's in Japan, it's in China, it's in Germany, it's in America — now, if we don't throw this parasite off our backs, the world will fall into chaos," the group's leader, Jayme Louis Liardi, said in a video posted on the group's website.
Trump's message, including attacking political correctness and using racist tropes to oppose immigration, is "emboldening" white nationalists like Liardi to state their views more publicly than before, said Peter Montgomery, an expert on right wing politics at People for the American Way.
"He clearly thinks that using Trump's name will attract people who are interested in his extremists beliefs," Montgomery said of Liardi. "That's the kind of thing that should make Trump supporters do a lot of soul searching."
Both the group's name, "Trump Youth," and its rhetoric evokes Hitler Youth, a wing of Germany's Nazi party.
In a video posted to the group's website, the group's blond leader speaks of having to fight a worldwide "parasite" enemy, which he later identifies as "globalists."
In white-nationalist lingo, "globalism" represents the "oppressive" economic elite, often associated with Jews, that is hurting the lower class, Montgomery said.
"There will be no peace, if they are successful, if the globalists are successful, if this new world order comes to place," Liardi said. "It's up to us, the millennials, the children of tomorrow, to become the hero generation and to save the world."
Nazi propaganda likened Jews to parasites and condemned them for their perceived lack of loyalty to their "host" countries.
Led by Nazi Apologist, Hitler Youth-Type Group Emerges: 'Trump Youth'
Josefin DolstenAugust 16, 2016
On his personal website, Liardi seems to draw a link between Jewish and globalist interests, referring to the government supporting globalism as "kosher."
"If you have no identity, one will be installed into you by the kosher forces of The State. Make no mistake, they may say that they are for 'multiculturalism' 'diversity' and 'equality' but their actions would say otherwise. This is the ideology that brought us colonialism, slavery and the chain stores of suburbia. This is our current world—the world of Globalism," Liardi wrote.
He also implies Hitler and Nazism have been unfairly portrayed through history.
"I wanted to understand the mind of the supposed most evil man in history," Liardi wrote. "And yes, I read Adolf Hitler's 'Mein Kampf'. I quickly realized that I was not being given all of the facts — that what passes for history is merely rehashed propaganda from the war."
Liardi's speeches and writings have a jumpy, rambling quality and many are tinged with conspiracy theories. His website welcomes visitors "to face the great delusion," and he criticizes "fluoride in the water" and "GMOs." One of his video has had 20,000 views.
Several prominent Trump supporters have neo-Nazi, white supremacist or anti-Semitic leanings.
The chairman of the American Nazi party recently said a Trump presidency would be "a real opportunity for people like white nationalists."
Former Ku Klux Klan leader and Holocaust denier David Duke has also endorsed Trump, portraying himself as the real estate mogul's ideal running mate.
Watch Liardi's video message here:
How Donald Trump Became the Darling of White Supremacists
Josefin DolstenMay 11, 2016
Contact Josefin Dolsten at dolsten@forward.com or on Twitter, @JosefinDolsten
Laura E. Adkins contributed reporting for this piece.
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Josefin Dolsten
Josefin Dolsten is a former news fellow at the Forward, writing about politics and culture, and editing the Sisterhood blog. She received an MA in Jewish Studies and Comparative Religion from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a BA in Government from Cornell University. Follow her on Twitter at @josefindolsten.
We'll email you whenever we publish another article by J.J Goldberg.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ernst Löffler ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Ernst Löffler (Harfenbauer) (1909–1976), österreichisch-tschechischer Harfenbauer
 Ernst Löffler (Geograph) (1939–2019), deutscher Geograph und Hochschullehrer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"Fox & Friends" co-host Brian Kilmeade said Wednesday that the anchors on the program would "absolutely" accept a final report from special counsel Robert Mueller Robert Swan MuellerSasse: US should applaud choice of Mueller to lead Russia probe MORE, even if it reflects poorly on President Trump Donald John TrumpGrassroots America shows the people support Donald Trump Trump speaks to rebel Libyan general attacking Tripoli Dem lawmaker: Mueller report shows 'substantial body of evidence' on obstruction MORE.
Kilmeade made the comment in response to a question from a listener while appearing on "The Dan Abrams Show" on Sirius XM Radio. But the co-host of the popular morning program added that he wouldn't be ready to accept all of a report's conclusions if a final report lacks comprehensive details.
"If they come up with a one pager that says, '25 connections, I think he should be removed from president,' I would go wait a second, where are the 25, how've you concluded that," Kilmeade said. "What don't I know, what didn't I know."
Dan Abrams, ABC News' chief legal analyst, noted in response that Mueller's history shows that his findings will likely be presented in an "in-depth" fashion.
"If he does do a deep dive, and let's not even speculate on what he concludes, but concludes something that the president is not happy with. Are you prepared to accept it?" Abrams asked.
"I would be prepared to accept it, if I can understand it," Kilmeade replied, before noting that he'd consult with a legal expert if he had any questions about it.
"If there are some links there that have not been disclosed and are understood and it makes Trump come to a press conference say 'I did this and that,' and he's right, yeah," Kilmeade continued. "But it's got to be something I understand... I hope he's going to put together an airtight case either way."
Mueller's investigation into Russian election interference and possible collusion between the Trump campaign and the Kremlin is believed to be nearing its end.
His team has indicted or secured guilty pleas from more than 30 people as part of the probe, by the New York Times's count. The people include former Trump campaign adviser George Papadopoulos, former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort, former Trump campaign aide Richard Gates and Trump's former national security adviser, Michael Flynn.
Trump has repeatedly derided Mueller's probe, often referring to it as a "witch hunt."
The president has maintained a cordial relationship with Fox News throughout his tenure, with many of the hosts vocally supporting his policies. Trump has also appeared for sit-down interviews with a variety of the network's hosts.


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The Pan-African Ocean is a hypothesized paleo-ocean whose closure created the supercontinent of Pannotia.  The ocean may have existed before the break-up of the supercontinent of Rodinia. The ocean closed before the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, when the Panthalassa ocean expanded, and was eventually replaced by it.

See also

References

Historical oceans
Proterozoic paleogeography


text:
Alexandra Crouwers: The Appeal of the Unreal
Alexandra Crouwers, PhD in the Arts
In my original phd proposal, 'Through that which is seen: The Diorama & The Appeal of the Unreal' from October 2019, which main focus was an investigation of the diorama as simulated nature in relation to sceen-culture, I asked the question how these explicitately un-interactive three dimensional snapshots of natural scenes in all their stillness are moving anyway.
At first, the direction of the research looked into the emotive quality of 'dead things', animism, if you will. Due to some pivotal moments, connected to discussions, a closer look to my own body of work, and the upheaval of a virus, the direction of the research shifted.
All inhabitants of any period in history probably felt that they were living in extraordinary times. But compared to the whole scope of mankind's existence, we're now dealing with such outrageous circumstances relating to the way our behaviour has been using this planet, that it would be a mistake not to address that in one way or another. My earlier work has sometimes foreshadowed these kinds of ecological shifts, which up till recently were regarded as 'science fiction'.
The diorama has become a tool, a means to explain the works that arise behind the glass of my computer screens, and a souvenir. How they're moving is now connected to the relatively new notion of 'ecological grief', or, in a related term, 'solastalgia': the sense of existential dread that comes with the loss of species and habitat.
The goal of the research is to find ways to deal with this mourning, and to search for solutions. While we're trying to adapt to a 'new normal', we need to say goodbye to our old ways. As we can see happening now, this can be quite difficult on all levels, may they be political, economical, or personal.
As an artistic researcher, I'm using examples from the arts, science, popular culture, and my immediate surroundings to implement in a string of works. These works, like the multimedial aspects of the diorama or an opera, reflect biodiversity. My attempts to help society deal with this crisis may end up in using strategies that are flawed, but may also lead to an actual contribution to a solution through the arts. This is a utopian quest in an apocalyptic setting. May the force be with me.
Supervisor:
Dr. Wendy Morris (Supervisor, LUCA)
Dr. Jan Verpooten (Co-supervisor, KU Leuven)
Theun Karelse (Advisor, FoAM)
Agnieszka Gratza (Advisor, art critic)
Research Unit: Intermedia
alexa@alexandracrouwers.com
dhfm research group blog
Research Unit Intermedia
Alexandra Crouwers is a researcher at LUCA School of Arts, Sint-Lukas Brussel, Research Unit Intermedia, Research cluster deep histories fragile memories.
Homepage Intermedia Research Unit


text:
Q: Gradle dynamic flavor I would like to create dynamic flavors from the directory tree.
It works great!
But Android Studio uses gradle in its tmp file like:

/home/svirch_n/.IntelliJIdea14/system/compile-server

and my script doesn't work anymore because it uses relative paths like this:
Closure getFlavors = { rootDir, basePackage ->
    def result = [:]
    new File("$rootDir").eachDir() { dir ->
        def name = dir.getName()
            if ("$name" != "main")
                result.put("$name", "$basePackage.$name")
        }
    return result
}

// This is an ugly closure.
// If I can get rid of this, my problem will be solved
Closure getSrcPath = {
    if (System.getProperty("user.dir").split("/").last() == "app") {
        return "src"
    } else {
        return "app/src"
    }
}

android {

    ...

    def myFlavors = getFlavors(getSrcPath(), "com.example.app")

    productFlavors {

        myFlavors.each { flavorName, flavorPackage ->
            "$flavorName" {
                applicationId "$flavorPackage"
            }
        }
    }

}

Do you have an idea how to solve this?
Thanks in advance for your help
P.S: I want dynamic flavors cause my git project has public and private repositories and not everyone can have all the flavors but I want them to compile anyway.

A: Assuming I am in the subproject 'app', I can use:
project(":app").getProjectDir().getPath()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Clyde and I have never been to a pro football game so when the New England Patriots were scheduled to play the Seattle Seahawks, we knew we wanted to attend the game. Single tickets went on sale at 10am August 27th and by 10:45am they were sold out! But with a quick call to a ticket broker I had secured 2 tickets in our price range, aka the nose bleed section, by 11:30am. The Patriots rarely play the Seahawks so this was a special event for us. Now keep in mind we always root for our Seattle teams unless they play against the teams we grew up with.
I was even more excited when I received a message via Facebook that a high school friend was flying out to Seattle with another friend for the weekend to root for "his" Patriots. I had not seen Scott since graduation in June of 1988 and we made plans to arrive early and meet up for brunch before the game.
It was great! Scott and his buddy Jeff met Clyde, myself and another high school friend Shanna for some pre-game urban tailgating.
After brunch we headed over to the Showbox SODO and happened upon the tail end of a VIP event where we met, and took photos with Hall of Fame inductee, Sam "Bam" Cunningham, a former Patriot's full back.
I know what you are thinking, how much do I really follow football, right? Well, when in Rome.
It was exciting, it added to the festivities of the day and well, why the heck not? This might just be the only time I have the opportunity to meet a pro football player, get an autographed photo and have my picture taken with him. Carpe Diem!
That would be my Patriots unicorn right there baby!
With a half an hour to kick off we headed over to the stadium where 67,000 screaming fans would soon huddle together in a whirling frenzy full of passion and energy also know as American football.
Funneling into the stadium proved to be a bigger challenge than I had expected and we did not make it very far before the gridlock set in. Most of the crowd was friendly as we slowly shuffled passed the entrance, down the hall way and through the turnstile into the stadium. One Seahawks fan even shared his bag of chips with us in an act of general camaraderie. We chatted along the way with lots of people, many with ties to the east coast; who knew football could be so bonding?
We had each bought our tickets separately and our seats were scattered around the stadium but we did agree to meet up after the game.
Inside the crowd was massive and the smell of hotdogs, garlic fries and beer swirled as we meandered on the way to our seats. We went up, up and up to the nose-bleed section and it wasn't until the rain started to pour down that I was completely content with our dry seats.
And by pour I mean the skies just opened up and dumped buckets on the field, the players and the fans. It was impressive though the loyalty of these fans, fans who were draped in ponchos, soaked from the all too famous Seattle weather, yet steadfast in supporting their teams. All I could think of was that famous quote by Bill Shankly, "Some people think football is a matter of life or death. I assure you, it's much more important than that."
Now I must also mention the noise, oh my gosh the noise I could not believe the sound of that stadium, it's hard to describe and awesome to feel. It was a thunderous roar that quickly became constant and every so often it would rear its head even louder as if saying, least you forget the presence of the twelfth man.
And look who we spotted just above the scoreboard, directly across the field at the 50 yard line, Shanna. I had an idea of where she was sitting and it did not take long for Clyde to find her in her Pats jersey sitting right next to a Hawk.
There she is texting all her friends in Maine, "neener, neener I'm at the Patriots game, lol."
They kicked, and huddled and took time outs.
....and they fumbled, and crashed and tackled each other on the soaking wet field.
And then, with minutes left on the clock, the New England Patriots gave up a 13 point lead in the fourth quarter, losing 24-23 in a tough loss to the Seattle Seahawks. And at that very moment this eight section, 1.5 million square foot structure began to move. Built to withstand an earthquake, CenturyLink field sits on over 2,200 pilings driven 50 ft below the ground and it was riveting to experience the massive concrete slab floors tremble beneath my feet. It makes you wonder if the architects goal was not only to build a beautiful stadium but to actually feel the power of the twelfth man, because at that moment the stadium was alive.
After the long descent downward, we all met up post game for a beer and a bit of consolation. But mostly we laughed and reminisced and caught up on the past 24 years. It was great. Then we decided to head North to Mukilteo, we needed a change of scenery and we ended the night with a spin around the track at our favorite go-kart course before dropping them off at their hotel by the airport.
We had a wonderful time, the day was full from beginning to end and every moment unfolded better than I had planned.


Martorell Language School | SCHOOL YEAR 2018-19 IS ALREADY HERE!
SCHOOL YEAR 2018-19 IS ALREADY HERE!
We're back at MLS! The classes are starting on October 3rd. We're waiting for you! Learn languages at MLS. Learn languages with teachers who care for you and make you feel gook.


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Position paper and recommendations to the European Commission on Eco-schemes
The trilogue negotiations between the Commission, the Council and the Parliament are still underway and the three co-legislators have not yet found a point of convergence on the final adjustments to be made to the common agricultural policy for the period 2023-2027. While an agreement should be reached by the end of June, the Council has shown its desire for a status quo by limiting the constraints on Member States in environmental matters, particularly concerning the implementation of the eco-regimes that will replace the current green payments.
At Agroecology Europe, we support the idea that payment schemes for ecosystem services are a fundamental pillar for a European agricultural policy in favor of the agroecological transition. According to the principle of "public money for public goods", farmers whose production practices contribute to maintaining and improving soil fertility, conserving and restoring biodiversity, and tackling and adapting to climate change – among other things – would be remunerated for the non-market goods they generate through their agricultural activity.
In this tense political context, and given that the Member States will have to present their National Strategic Plans to the Commission before the end of 2021, we are publishing this position paper on the way in which the eco-schemes should be developed in order to best support producers in this necessary and urgent change of system and practices. In addition to the amount granted to this system and its voluntary or mandatory nature, the question of a coherent policy design and articulation between the measures supported is essential. It allows us to return to the fundamentals of what agroecology is really intended to generate: a profound redesign of our farming and food systems.
Read our position paper


text:
Iouri Nikolaïevitch Tynianov (en ), né le  à Rejitsa (aujourd'hui Rēzekne en Lettonie) et décédé le  à Moscou (Union soviétique), est un écrivain et théoricien de la littérature russe, l'un des fondateurs de l'école formaliste russe.

Biographie
Iouri Tynianov naît à Rejitsa (ex-Rositten, jusqu'en 1893), ville du gouvernement de Vitebsk, majoritairement peuplée de Juifs. Son père, Nason Arkadievitch Tynianov (1862-1924), était médecin et sa mère Sophie Borissovna Tynianova, née Sarah Epstein (1868-1940), était copropriétaire d'une fabrique de cuir. Il a un frère aîné, Léon, et une sœur, Lydia.

Élève doué, il suit les cours entre 1904 et 1912 au lycée de Pskov, où il fait la connaissance de Lev Zilber (1894-1966) (futur fondateur de l'école soviétique de virologie), dont il épouse la sœur, Léa (dite Hélène), en 1916. Ils auront une fille, Inna, née en 1916. Son autre beau-frère, frère de sa femme, Benjamin Zilber (1902-1989) deviendra un écrivain soviétique renommé sous le pseudonyme de Benjamin Kaverine qui épousera sa sœur Lydia Tynianova (1902-1984), écrivain pour enfants.

Entre 1912 et 1918, il est étudiant à la faculté d'histoire et de philologie à l'université de Petrograd. Il participe aux séminaires de Semion Venguerov (1855-1920), fondateur d'un cercle historico-littéraire à Tsarskoïe Selo, (aujourd'hui Pouchkine). Il fait ensuite partie de l'OPOYAZ, société d'étude de la forme de la langue poétique, avec Victor Chklovski et Boris Eichenbaum. Ce furent les débuts du formalisme.

Il meurt de sclérose en plaques et est enterré au cimetière Vagankovo à Moscou.

Œuvre

Essais traduits
 Le vers lui-même, traduction collective coordonnée par Yvan Mignot, Société générale d'édition, 10/18, 1977
 Formalisme et histoire littéraire, traduit par Catherine Depretto-Genty, L'âge d'homme, 1991
 Dans l'intervalle (Sur la poésie), traduit par Michelle Zaslavsky, présentation et notices de Philippe Blanchon, Éditions de la Nerthe, 2014

Romans
Les romans historiques de Tynianov sont des modèles de fidélité historique mais ils possèdent en outre une originalité artistique supérieure.
Iouri Tynianov a mis en scène trois maîtres du romantisme russe à chacun desquels il a consacré un roman historique, les poètes Wilhelm Küchelbecker (Le Disgracié), Alexandre Griboïedov (La Mort du Vazir-Moukhtar) et Alexandre Pouchkine (La Jeunesse de Pouchkine). Ces trois écrivains, qui étaient amis, apparaissent tour à tour dans les trois romans.
Pour le critique littéraire Ettore Lo Gatto, le plus important des trois est celui sur Pouchkine. Il est resté incomplet du fait de la mort de Tynianov et ne dépasse pas la première partie de la vie du poète. Il reste supérieur à tous les romans consacré à Pouchkine pendant les années proches du centenaire de sa mort .

L'intérêt de ces romans historico-biographiques ne vient pas seulement de l'habile analyse psychologique des écrivains, mais aussi de ce qu'ils expriment à travers des figures concrètes du passé la normalité générale de leur époque. Dans les griffes du tsarisme de Nicolas Ier ils symbolisent Tynianov lui-même, qui dans l'État soviétique ne jouit d'aucune liberté intérieure conforme à sa classe .

Le Disgracié (1925)
 Le Disgracié (Kuchel), traduit par Henri Perreau, Paris, Gallimard, coll. « Littératures soviétiques », 1957
 Le Disgracié (Kuchel), traduit par Lily Denis, Paris, Gallimard, coll. « l'Imaginaire » , 2001

La Mort du Vazir-Moukhtar (1928)
 La Mort du Vazir-Moukhtar (Smiert Vazir-Moukhtara), traduit par Lily Denis, Paris, éditions Gallimard, « Littératures soviétiques », 1969, collection « Folio », 1978

La Jeunesse de Pouchkine (1936)
  La Jeunesse de Pouchkine (Pouchkine), roman traduit par Lily Denis, Paris, éditions Gallimard, Du Monde entier, 1980

Recueil de nouvelles

Le Lieutenant Kijé (1927)
  Le Lieutenant Kijé (Voskovaia persona - Molodoi Vitouchichnikov - Podporoutchik Kije), recueil de trois nouvelles, Une majesté en cire, L'Adolescent-miracle, Le Lieutenant Kijé, traduit par Lily Denis, Paris, éditions Gallimard, « Littératures soviétiques », 1966.

Scénarios (cinéma)
 1926 : Le Manteau (en , ), réalisé par Grigori Kozintsev et Leonid Trauberg, adaptation de deux nouvelles de Gogol, La Perspective Nevski et Le Manteau.

Références

Liens externes

  Un bref article sur son travail
  Site russe
  Questions à propos de l'écrivain

Article connexe
 Institut russe d'histoire de l'art

Théoricien de la littérature
Écrivain russe du XXe siècle
Romancier russe du XXe siècle
Essayiste russe
Essayiste du XXe siècle
Nouvelliste russe du XXe siècle
Écrivain soviétique
Récipiendaire de l'ordre du Drapeau rouge du Travail
Naissance en octobre 1894
Naissance dans le gouvernement de Vitebsk
Naissance à Rēzekne
Décès en décembre 1943
Décès à 49 ans
Décès à Moscou
Mort de la sclérose en plaques
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière Vagankovo
Étudiant de l'université d'État de Saint-Pétersbourg


text:
Q: Uncertainty of an integral estimate I am making the following estimate:
\begin{equation}
    \langle f \rangle \simeq \int_0^1 \left[ f(x) \cdot K(x) \right] \; \text{d}x
\end{equation}
where

*

*$f$ is an unknown function, possibly $f(x) \in [-0.5, 0.5]$, of $x\in [0,1]$,

*$K$ is a known normalized function that loosely resembles a Gaussian which is peaked at some location in the interval $[0,1]$ and satisfies $\int K=1$, and

*$\langle f \rangle$ is an estimate of $f$ at the peak of $K$.

I want to know the uncertainty of $\langle f \rangle$.
$K$ can be non-Gaussian in that it doesn't necessarily monotonically decrease away from the peak. It might have large amplitude at random elsewhere. I can access and inspect this function.
My idea is to estimate it in a Monte Carlo fashion: that is, generate random polynomials, pretend they are $f$, check the residuals, and numerically calculate uncertainties based off of that. However, I don't know if this is a good idea, and it seems like there should be some better way to get an estimate.
It would be acceptable to make some reasonable assumptions based on $f$. For example, it could be continuous, smooth, bounded in magnitude between say $[-0.5,0.5]$, or whatever else may prove necessary.


text:
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text:
\section{Introduction}
The precision and diversity of data on photo-induced reactions off
protons and neutrons studied experimentally has increased rapidly in
the past, and significantly more data are expected in the near
future. The data comprise high-precision differential cross sections
of various reactions and data in which the initial photons and/or
the target nucleons are polarized, and data in which the
polarization of final-state baryons is recorded. Recent reviews of
ideas and results in baryon spectroscopy can be found in
\cite{Klempt:2009pi,Crede:2013kia}. Since then, important steps have
been made by several groups analyzing pion and photo-induced
reactions in coupled-channel frameworks. Here, we remind the reader
of the recent developments.

The Giessen group has pioneered coupled-channel analyses of large
data sets \cite{Feuster:1997pq,Feuster:1998cj,Penner:2002ma,Penner:2002md
Shklyar:2004dy,Shklyar:2004ba,Shklyar:2005xg,Shklyar:2006xw,Shklyar:2012js}.
Their most recent paper \cite{Cao:2013psa} focusses on pion and
photo-induced reactions of $\Sigma K$ final states with the aim to
extract the couplings of known resonances to the $K\Sigma$ state.

The Bonn-J\"ulich group analyzed isospin $I=3/2$ $\pi N$ elastic
scattering amplitudes from the GWU/SAID analysis~\cite{Arndt:2006bf}
jointly with data on the $\pi^+ p \to K^+ \Sigma^+$
reaction~\cite{Doring:2010ap}. The analysis was extended to
isospin-1/2 contributions by including all $\pi N$ elastic
scattering amplitudes from \cite{Arndt:2006bf} and the reactions
$\pi N\to N\eta$, $\Lambda K$, and $\Sigma K$ \cite{Ronchen:2012eg}.
A consistent treatment of the three $\pi p\to \Sigma K$ channels
($\pi^+ p \to\Sigma^+ K^+$, $\pi^- p \to\Sigma^- K^+$, and $\pi^- p
\to\Sigma^0 K^0$) was reached in \cite{Ronchen:2012eg} but required
- compared to \cite{Doring:2010ap} - significant changes in the
relative importance of the contributions to the total cross section
from different partial waves. Photoproduction of single pions was
included in a study presented in~\cite{Huang:2011as}. It is shown
that a good description of the data can be achieved.

The Osaka-Tokyo-Argonne group studies baryon resonances in a
dynamical coupled-channels model by fitting a large body of pion and
photo-induced reactions \cite{Matsuyama:2006rp,JuliaDiaz:2007fa
Kamano:2008gr,Kamano:2009im,Kamano:2013iva}.

The Bonn-Gatchina group has published recently a comprehensive
analysis of a large body of pion and photo-induced reactions
\cite{Anisovich:2011ye,Anisovich:2011fc,Anisovich:2012ct}. At
present, this is the only group which systematically searched for
new resonances in all partial waves. Mass, width, and partial decay
widths of many resonances - including several new baryon resonances
- were determined; their errors were evaluated by a systematic
variation of the model parameters. The final results can be found in
the latest RPP \cite{Beringer:1900zz}. The new resonances disfavor
\cite{Anisovich:2011su} conventional diquark models in which one
pair of quarks is frozen into a quasi-stable diquark
\cite{Anselmino:1992vg}. The observed pattern of resonances seems to
occupy fully a limited number of  SU(6) multiplets
\cite{Anisovich:2011sv} while other multiplets remain void.
Interestingly, the new resonances can all be grouped naturally into
spin-parity doublets. At present, there is an ongoing discussion if
the occurrence of parity doublets in meson and baryon spectroscopy
evidences a phase transition from broken to restored chiral symmetry
\cite{Glozman:1999tk,Glozman:2007ek,Jaffe:2004ph}.

The Kent group \cite{Shrestha:2012ep} has updated an older analysis
\cite{Manley:1984jz} of $\pi N$ elastic scattering amplitudes and
(low-statistics) bubble chamber data on $\pi N\to N\pi\pi$. The
group confirmed the existence of most resonances reported in
\cite{Anisovich:2011fc}. Some of them had already be seen in their
1983 analysis \cite{Manley:1984jz} even though the Particle Data
Group did not open new entries for these resonances at that time.

Several groups studied particular aspects. The Gent group developed
a Regge-plus-resonance (RPR) model~\cite{Corthals:2005ce} in which
the background is deduced from the high-energy Regge-trajec\-tory
exchange in the t-channel to which a few resonances are added. The
coupled-channel model of the Groningen
group~\cite{Usov:2005wy,Shyam:2008fr} was later extended at Giessen
\cite{Shyam:2009za}. The fit uses established resonances and derives
decay coupling constants which are compared to SU(3) relations.

In the present paper we present the results of a systematic
investigation of reactions with $K\Sigma$ final states within the
Bonn-Gatchina partial wave analysis. All results were obtained in a
combined analysis of data on $\pi N$, $\eta N$, $K\Lambda$,
$K\Sigma$, $\pi\pi N$ and $\pi\eta N$ final states
\cite{Anisovich:2011ye,Anisovich:2011fc,Anisovich:2012ct} including
recent measurements from the CBELSA/TAPS \cite{Schmieden:2012zz} and
MAMI-C \cite{Jude:2013jzs} collaborations. In total, 31.180 data
points from two-body reactions are used which are described with a
$\chi^2$ of 48.710, or $\chi^2/N_{\rm F}=1.6$. The fit is further
constrained by a fraction of the events ($\approx$ 500.000) from
three-body final states which are included in an event-based
likelihood fit.

\section{\boldmath Production of $K\Sigma$ final states}

In Figs.~\ref{oldfig:kzszdiff1} we demonstrate the quality of the
fits to the reaction $\pi^- p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ obtained with the
solution BnGa2011-02M. The data on $\pi^- p\to K^+\Sigma^-$ can be
included in the fit rather easily: only a very small adjustment of
the parameters is needed to describe them with a good quality
(solution BnGa2011-02M). As mentioned in the introduction, the high
precision photoproduction data from MAMI-C \cite{Jude:2013jzs} are
included in this analysis. Table~\ref{chis} documents the quality
for the description of the reactions with $K\Sigma$ final states.
\begin{figure}[b!]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.35\textheight]{pi_ksig_00_dcs_pap_2011.eps}
\caption{Differential cross section of the reaction $\pi^- p\to
K^0\Sigma^0$. Curves are from the solution BnGa2011-02M. Data:
circles from Ref.~\cite{Baker:1978bb}; up triangles from
Ref.~\cite{Binford:1969ts}; diamonds from Ref.~\cite{Hart:1979jx}.}
\label{oldfig:kzszdiff1}
\end{figure}

Although the fit describes the $\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ differential
cross section in the energy region above 1825\,MeV with a very good
$\chi^2=1.02$, it misses the structure at backward angles for the
invariant masses between 1911 and 2061 MeV. Increasing weight of the
data set in the overall fit did not resolve this problem.

The $K\Sigma$ amplitudes can have isospin $1/2$ and $3/2$. The
isospin $3/2$ amplitudes are well fixed by the $\pi^+p\to
K^+\Sigma^+$ data. An estimate of isospin $3/2$ contribution to the
total cross section for $\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ and $\pi^-p\to
K^+\Sigma^-$ suggest that both isospin amplitudes contribute almost
equally to these reaction. $\Delta$ resonances are found to dominate
the reaction $\gamma p\to K^+\Sigma^0$ even though both isospin
states could contribute to the reaction. Based on the observed cross
section we find that the $\gamma p\to K^0\Sigma^-$ cross section
should be dominated by nucleon partial waves.
\begin{table}[t!]
\caption{\label{chis}Fit quality for fits with and without inclusion
of data on the reaction $\pi^- p\to K^+\Sigma^-$.\vspace{-2mm}}
\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.17}
\begin{tabular}{lcccll}
\hline\hline
 Obs. &BnGa&BnGa& $N_{data}$ &Ref.&\\
      &2011-02M&2013-02&&\\
\hline
\multicolumn{6}{l}{$\pi^- p\to K^0\Sigma^0$}\\
$d\sigma/d\Omega$  &1.02 &0.69 & 220&\cite{Hart:1979jx} &(RAL) \\
$P$                &1.53 &1.21 & 85 &\cite{Hart:1979jx} &(RAL)  \\
$d\sigma/d\Omega$  &2.22 &1.91 & 95 &\cite{Baker:1978bb,Binford:1969ts} &(RAL)   \\
\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{$\pi^+ p\to K^+\Sigma^+$}\\
$d\sigma/d\Omega$  &1.46 &1.35 & 743&
\cite{Candlin:1982yv,Winik:1977mm,Carayannopoulos:1965,Crawford:1962zz,Baltay}&(var.) \\
$P$                &1.42 &1.48 & 351 &
\cite{Candlin:1982yv,Winik:1977mm,Carayannopoulos:1965,Crawford:1962zz,Baltay}&(var.) \\
$\beta$             &2.09 &1.89 & 7 &\cite{Candlin:1988pn} &(RAL) \\
\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{$\pi^- p\to K^+\Sigma^-$}\\
$d\sigma/d\Omega$  &2.45 &2.42  & 130 &
~\cite{Good:1969rb,Doyle:1968zz,Dahl:1969ap,Goussu:1966ps}&(var.)\\
\hline \multicolumn{5}{l}{$\gamma p\to K^+\Sigma^0$}\\
$d\sigma/d\Omega$ &1.30 &1.49  &1590 &\cite{Dey:2010hh} &(CLAS)\\
$d\sigma/d\Omega$ &1.45 &1.40  &1145 &\cite{Jude:2013jzs} &(MAMI)\\
$P$               &2.43 &2.17  &344  &\cite{Dey:2010hh} &(CLAS)\\
$\Sigma$          &2.45 &1.99  &42   &\cite{Lleres:2007tx} &(GRAAL) \\
$C_x$             &2.13 &2.56  &94   &\cite{Bradford:2006ba} &(CLAS)\\
$C_z$             &2.13 &2.06  &94   &\cite{Bradford:2006ba} &(CLAS)\\
\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{$\gamma p\to K^0\Sigma^+$}\\
 $d\sigma/d\Omega$ &3.25 &4.00 &48 & \cite{Carnahan:2003mk}  &(CLAS)\\
 $d\sigma/d\Omega$ &1.28 &1.45 &160& \cite{Lawall:2005np} &(SAPHIR)\\
 $d\sigma/d\Omega$ &0.87 &0.94 &72 & \cite{Castelijns:2007qt} &(CBT)\\
 $P$               &0.96 &0.82 &72 & \cite{Castelijns:2007qt} &(CBT)\\
 $d\sigma/d\Omega$ &0.61 &0.72 &72 & \cite{Schmieden:2012zz} &(CBT) \\
 $P$               &1.66 &1.35 &24 & \cite{Schmieden:2012zz}  &(CBT)\\
 $\Sigma$          &2.04 &1.68 &15 & \cite{Schmieden:2012zz}  &(CBT)\\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[pb]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.35\textheight]{pi_ksig_00_dcs_pap.eps
\caption{\label{fig:kzszdiff}Differential cross section of the
reaction $\pi^- p\to K^0\Sigma^0$.  Data: circles from
Ref.~\cite{Baker:1978bb}; up triangles from
Ref.~\cite{Binford:1969ts}; diamonds from Ref.~\cite{Hart:1979jx}.
Curves represent solution BnGa2013-02.}
\end{figure}
\clearpage
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.42\textheight]{pi_ksig_pp_dcs_pap.eps}
\caption{Differential cross section for $\pi^+ p\to K^+\Sigma^+$.
The data are from~
\cite{Candlin:1982yv,Winik:1977mm,Carayannopoulos:1965,Crawford:1962zz
Baltay}. Full curves: the solution BnGa2013-02 and dashed curves:
BnGa2011-02M.}
\label{fig:kpspdiff}
\end{figure}
It can hence be expected that the $\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ reaction
is sensitive to the interference between isospin $3/2$ and $1/2$
amplitudes. To check this interference we have changed the sign of
the couplings of all  nucleon resonances to the $K\Sigma$ channel.
Let us note that the description of reactions in which nucleon or
$\Delta$ resonances are dominant undergo little changes only. In
those reactions, the interference is small and the $K\Sigma$
amplitudes contribute mostly quadratically.

A fit with all ($N\to K\Sigma$) K-matrix coupling constants reversed
cured the problems in the description of the angular distributions
in Fig.~\ref{oldfig:kzszdiff1}. The solution also describes
acceptably well all other reactions with $K\Sigma$ final states but
introduces small changes of the properties like masses and widths of
baryon resonances. As a result, the overall description of the data
became worse.

These findings initiated a full systematic study of $N\to K\Sigma$
decay amplitudes changing the signs of all K-matrix coupling
(resonances and background terms) in all possible combinations. The
relative signs of coupling constants within a given partial wave
turned out to be well defined; mostly, the signs of the full partial
wave amplitudes needed to be changed. The optimum was found when the
sign was changed for the $S_{11}$, $D_{13}$ and $F_{15}$ partial
waves. This fit produced an overall likelihood value which was about
740 better than the one in solution BnGa2011-02M. We will denote
this solution as BnGa2013-02. It describes the high energy
$\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ data with the $\chi^2=0.69$. The description
of the differential cross section with this solution is shown in
Fig~\ref{fig:kzszdiff}.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.42\textheight]{pi_ksig_pp_p_pap.eps}
\caption{Recoil asymmetry from $\pi^+ p\to K^+\Sigma^+$. The data
are from~
\cite{Candlin:1982yv,Winik:1977mm,Carayannopoulos:1965,Crawford:1962zz
Baltay,Bellamy:1972fa}. Full curves: the solution BnGa2013-02 and
dashed curves: BnGa2011-02M.\vspace{5mm}}
\label{fig:kpsppola1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.17\textheight]{pi_ksig_pp_beta_pap.eps
\caption{Spin-rotation parameter $\beta$ from the reaction $\pi^+
p\to K^+\Sigma^+$. The data are from~\cite{Candlin:1988pn}. Full
curves: the solution BnGa2013-02 and dashed curves: BnGa2011-02M.
Note that $\beta$ is $2\pi$ cyclic.}
 \label{fig:kpspbeta}
\end{figure}

The improvement in the description of the data with $K\Sigma$ final
states is not very impressive but noticeable as can be seen in
Table~\ref{chis} and in a few figures. These show for $\pi^+p\to
K^+\Sigma^+$ the differential cross section
(Fig.~\ref{fig:kpspdiff}), the recoil asymmetry
(Fig.~\ref{fig:kpsppola1}), and the spin rotation parameter
(Fig.~\ref{fig:kpspbeta}).  For $\pi^-p\to K^+\Sigma^-$ we show the
differential cross section (Fig.~\ref{fig:kpsmdiff1}) and for
$\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ the recoil asymmetry
(Fig.~\ref{fig:kzszpola}). In the figures, solution BnGa2011-02M is
shown with dashed lines and BnGa2013-02 with full lines.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.21\textheight]{pi_ksig_pm_dcs_pap.eps}
\caption{Differential cross section of the reaction $\pi^- p\to
K^+\Sigma^-$. Full curves: the solution BnGa2013-02 and dashed
curves: BnGa2011-02M. The data are from ~\cite{Good:1969rb}
(circles); \cite{Doyle:1968zz} (up triangles ); \cite{Dahl:1969ap}
(squares ); \cite{Goussu:1966ps} (diamonds).\vspace{3mm}}
\label{fig:kpsmdiff1}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.35\textheight]{pi_ksig_00_p_pap.eps}
\caption{Recoil asymmetry in the reaction $\pi^- p\to K^0\Sigma^0$.
Full curves: the solution BnGa2013-02 and dashed curves:
BnGa2011-02M. The data are from~\cite{Hart:1979jx}.}
\label{fig:kzszpola}
\end{figure}

The solution BnGa2013-02 describes the backward structure in the
$\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ reaction much better (see
Fig.~\ref{fig:kpspdiff}) and even provides a better description of
the recoil asymmetry. However, the data are not really enforcing the
changes which were introduced. The differential cross section for
this reaction is described equally well by both solutions.
Measurements of the rotation parameter for $\pi^-p\to K^+\Sigma^-$
and/or $\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ could be crucial to discriminate
these solutions.

The new fit BnGa2013-02 describes the $\gamma p\to K^+\Sigma^0$
differential cross section measured by the CLAS collaboration
\cite{Dey:2010hh} slightly worse. However it describes better most
polarization observables (apart from $C_x$) and the differential
cross section measured at MAMI-C \cite{Jude:2013jzs}. However, in
general the fits of these data by BnGa2011-02M or BnGa2013-02 are of
similar quality. Similar changes are observed in the description of
the reaction $\gamma p\to K^0\Sigma^+$: the solution BnGa2013-02
describes differential cross section slightly worse but polarization
observables better. With the presently available data, there is no
unambiguous decision in favor of BnGa2011-02M or BnGa2013-02. The
differences between the two solutions can be visualized by comparing
the partial wave amplitudes, see Fig.~\ref{fig:par_waves}. All
isospin $3/2$ partial waves are very close in both solutions while
nucleon partial waves differ in sign.

\begin{figure}[pt]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth,height=0.52\textheight]{ksig_cur.eps}
\caption{The unitary partial $\pi N\to K\Sigma$ amplitudes. The
solution BnGa2013-02 is shown with full curves and BnGa2011-02M with
dashed curves.}
\label{fig:par_waves}
\end{figure}

\section{Total cross sections and partial wave contributions}
The partial wave contributions to the total cross section for the
three $\pi N\to K\Sigma$ reactions derived in fits BnGa2011-02M and
BnGa2013-02, respectively, are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:k0s0tot}. The
contributions of isospin $3/2$ partial waves hardly changed. Both
solutions are well within the boundaries of the systematic error
defined for solution BG2011-02. However, the contributions of
nucleon resonances have undergone significant changes. In the
solution BnGa2011-02M the dominant contribution to $\pi^-p\to
K^0\Sigma^0$ and $\pi^- p\to K^+\Sigma^-$ comes from the $P_{13}$
partial wave while in the solution BnGa2013-02, this wave is very
weak. The $S_{11}$ contribution has become stronger by a factor 2 in
BnGa2013-02 and in the $\pi^-p \to K^+\Sigma^-$ it is the dominant
partial wave. Moreover, in BnGa2011-02M, destructive interference is
observed in the region of $N(1895)S_{11}$. This destructive
interference is compensated by a large intensity from the $P_{13}$
partial wave which reaches a maximum at 1800\,MeV. In BnGa2013-02,
the $S_{11}$ wave is rather smooth in the region 1900 MeV, although
a small contribution from $N(1895)S_{11}$ interfering constructively
within the $S_{11}$ wave improves the fit.

\begin{figure}[pt]
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{pi_ksig_pp_tot_pap_old.eps}&
\hspace{-3mm}\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{pi_ksig_pp_tot_pap.eps}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{pi_ksig_00_tot_pap_old.eps}&
\hspace{-3mm}\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{pi_ksig_00_tot_pap.eps}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{pi_ksig_pm_tot_pap_old.eps}&
\hspace{-3mm}\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{pi_ksig_pm_tot_pap.eps}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Partial wave contributions to the total cross section of
$\pi^+ p\to K^+ \Sigma^+$, $\pi^- p\to K^0 \Sigma^0$ and $\pi^- p\to
K^+ \Sigma^-$. Data points represent the summation over the full
angular range. Left-side panels show the solution BnGa2011-02M and
right-side panels BnGa2013-02.}
\label{fig:k0s0tot}
\end{figure}

\section{Resolving the ambiguity in $K\Sigma$ amplitudes}

As mentioned above the present ambiguity is a consequence of the
lack of data on polarization observables from pion and photo-induced
reactions. In Fig.~\ref{fig:kpsm_p} we show predictions for the
recoil asymmetry for $\pi^- p\to K^+\Sigma^-$. In the 1750-1900\,MeV
region, the two solutions both predict large asymmetries but
different in sign. An additional measurement of the spin rotation
parameter would provide a full data base which would define the
contributions from all leading partial waves unambiguously. Data on
the recoil asymmetry for $\pi^- p\to K^+\Sigma^-$ could be measured
at GSI by the HADES collaboration.

\begin{figure}[pt]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{pi_ksig_pm_p.eps}
\caption{Prediction of the recoil asymmetry in $\pi^- p\to
K^+\Sigma^-$ for solution BnGa2013-02 (full curves) and BnGa2011-02M
(dashed curves).}
\label{fig:kpsm_p}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{gp_ksig_0p.eps}
\caption{Prediction for the polarization observables of the $\gamma
p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ reaction. The solution BnGa2013-02 is shown with
full curves and BnGa2011-02M with dashed curves.}
\label{fig:gp_pred}
\end{figure}

The data on the $\gamma p\to K^0\Sigma^+$ is another important
source of information which can resolve this ambiguity. The
prediction for target asymmetry and double polarization observables
are shown in Fig~\ref{fig:gp_pred}. These data can be obtained by
the CBELSA/TAPS and CLAS collaborations and will not only help to
resolve this ambiguity but also to define resonances in the 2\,GeV
region more firmly.

\section{Comparison with other work}
Coupled channel analyses of pion and photo-induced production of the
$K \Sigma$ final states have been carried out by several groups.
Here we discuss only recent results.

\begin{figure*}[pt]
\bc
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\includegraphics[height=0.24\textwidth,width=0.32\textwidth]{ksig_32_cs_2.eps}&
\hspace{-4mm}\includegraphics[height=0.24\textwidth,width=0.32\textwidth]{ksig_32_cs_1.eps}&
\hspace{-4mm}\includegraphics[height=0.237\textwidth]{total_cs_KzSz_pcs_I=3h.eps}\\
\includegraphics[height=0.24\textwidth,width=0.32\textwidth]{ksig_12_cs_2.eps}&
\hspace{-4mm}\includegraphics[height=0.24\textwidth,width=0.32\textwidth]{ksig_12_cs_1.eps}&
\hspace{-4mm}\includegraphics[height=0.237\textwidth]{total_cs_KzSz_pcs_I=1h.eps}
\end{tabular}
\ec
\caption{\label{fig:contributions}Partial cross section
contributions for the reaction $\pi^- p\to K^0 \Sigma^+$. Left-side
panels: Solution BnGa2011-02M, center: solution BnGa2013-02,
right-side panels: Bonn-J\"ulich solution \cite{Ronchen:2012eg}. In
the Bonn-Gatchina solutions only the most significant contributions
are shown.}
\end{figure*}

The Osaka-Tokyo-Argonne group \cite{Kamano:2013iva} and the Gie\ss
en group \cite{Cao:2013psa} do not report partial wave contributions
to the cross sections, hence we restrict the discussion to the
results from Bonn-J\"ulich \cite{Doring:2010ap,Ronchen:2012eg} and
Bonn-Gatchina
\cite{Anisovich:2011ye,Anisovich:2011fc,Anisovich:2012ct}.

The first Bonn-J\"ulich fit (Bonn-J\"ulich 2010)
\cite{Doring:2010ap} to the $\pi^+ p\to K^+\Sigma^+$ data and the
Bonn-Gatchina fit BnGa2011-02 \cite{Anisovich:2011ye} for the
isospin $3/2$ sector gave significantly different answers concerning
the magnitude of the most significant partial wave contributions. In
the Bonn-J\"ulich analysis~\cite{Doring:2010ap}, the largest
contribution to the cross section is assigned to the $(I,J^P)=(3/2,
1/2^-)$ wave, followed by a much smaller $(3/2, 3/2^+)$
contribution. The $(3/2, 7/2^+)$ contribution starts at threshold,
exceeds the $(3/2, 3/2^+)$ contribution above 2\,GeV but stays
always well below the $(3/2, 1/2^-)$ wave. In the Bonn-Gatchina fit
BnGa2011-02M (as well as in BnGa2013-02), the $(3/2, 3/2^+)$
contribution is by far dominant at 1900\,MeV and falls off at higher
energies. The $(3/2, 1/2^-)$ wave provides a significant but much
smaller contribution. The $(3/2, 7/2^+)$ contribution rises slowly
with energy, adopts the same height as $(3/2, 1/2^-)$ contribution
at 1.9\,GeV, and becomes the largest contribution at the highest
energy.

In the most recent analysis of the Bonn-J\"ulich group
\cite{Ronchen:2012eg} a new solution was found. This solution uses a
much larger data base and includes pion-induced reactions with
different $K\Sigma$ final states. For sake of convenience, we show
in Fig.~\ref{fig:contributions} the results of three analyses,
BnGa2011-02M and BnGa2013-02, and of Bonn-J\"ulich 2012. In the
isospin $3/2$ sector, the three analyses identify the same partial
waves, $P_{33}$, $S_{31}$, and $F_{37}$, as dominant contributions,
even though in both Bonn-Gatchina analyses the $S_{31}$ falls off
with energy while it very slowly rises in the Bonn-J\"ulich
analysis. Only in the smaller contributions significant differences
can be found: in particular the Bonn-Gatchina analysis does not find
a significant contribution from the $D_{35}$ wave, and also possible
contributions from the $G_{37}$ and $G_{39}$ waves are fitted to
zero. Instead, more intensity is assigned to the leading $P_{33}$
wave.

The contributions in $I=1/2$ sector are less well defined. Since
both $N$ and $\Delta$ resonances contribute with similar strengths
to the reaction $\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$, and uncertainties on the
sign of $K\Sigma$ coupling constants of $N$ resonances play a large
role. Thus, even the leading partial waves are different in
BnGa2011-02M and BnGa2013-02. However, there is fair or even good
agreement between the leading partial waves of BnGa2013-2 and
Bonn-J\"ulich 2012: the $S_{11}$ wave is leading at low energies and
$D_{15}$ and $P_{13}$ become important at the highest energy.
$P_{11}$ is important in both analyses even though more pronounced
in BnGa2013-02. Smaller contributions are present in both analyses
even though their strengths may differ: BnGa assigns more intensity
to the $F_{15}$ wave, Bonn-J\"ulich to $F_{17}$. There are
significant $D_{13}$ contributions already at low energy in
BnGa2013-02, a partial wave which gives a contribution that rises
slowly with energy in the Bonn-J\"ulich analysis.

In general, the Bonn-J\"ulich solution varies more smoothly as a
function of energy, the Bonn-Gatchina solution has more structure.
The reason for this difference is due to the larger number of
resonances used in the Bonn-Gatchina analysis which fits not only
pion-induced reactions but also photo-induced reactions. They are of
considerably higher statistical power and require introduction of
more resonances.

In the comparison, one has to have in mind that the ``area of
uncertainty" or error bands are derived differently in the two
approaches. The Bonn-J\"ulich group has used two different model
assumptions yielding two sets of contributions to the cross section
(solid and dashed curves). The Bonn-Gatchina group has used in total
eleven different parameterizations of partial waves and/or different
weight factors (for BnGa2011-02M and BnGa2013) which all gave
acceptable fits to the data. Errors are defined from the variance of
the respective contributions.

\section{Conclusion}

The investigation of the reactions with $K\Sigma$ final state
revealed a discrete ambiguity in the sign of the $K\Sigma$ coupling
constants of leading nucleon partial wave amplitudes. While the
isospin $3/2$ amplitudes are firmly defined by the $\pi^+p \to
K^+\Sigma^+$ and $\gamma p\to K^+\Sigma^0$ data (where isospin $3/2$
contributions play a dominant role), the lack of polarization data
in other reactions with $K\Sigma$ final states leads to two rather
different solution. Both solutions provide a  good overall
description of the present data base. The solution BnGa2011-02M
(which is very similar to the BaGa2011-02 solution) misses some
structures in $\pi^-p\to K^0\Sigma^0$ data; the new solution
BnGa2013-02 describes those data better but the overall fit is not
really superior. Even though we give preference to the new solution,
the decision which one of the two solution is closer to the truth
can only be made when new data on polarization observables are
available, either from reaction $\pi^-p\to K^+\Sigma^-$ or from
$\gamma p\to K^0\Sigma^0$. For both reactions predictions were made
how to discriminate the two solutions. It is shown that a
measurement of the recoil polarization for the former reaction or a
measurement of a polarization variable like $E$, $F$, $H$, or $T$
for the latter reaction will be sufficient to resolve the ambiguity.

The new solution compares favorably to the solution obtained by the
Bonn-J\"ulich group. In the isospin $1/2$ sector, the comparison
shows even striking similarity of the leading waves. In the isospin
$3/2$ sector, the leading waves are similar even though minor waves
differ in the magnitude of their contributions to the respective
cross sections. The similarity of the results carries an important
message: the Bonn-Gatchina and Bonn-J\"ulich groups use rather
different analysis methods, but the leading waves are very similar.
Obviously, the leading waves are defined by the data base, but not
by the method. Differences in details are, however, important and
ask for continued efforts, both in augmenting the data base and in
the development of analysis techniques.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
We would like to thank the members of SFB/TR16 for continuous
encouragement. We acknowledge support from the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the SFB/ TR16, and from the
Russian grant RBFF 13-02-00425.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Kushtia : Two people were killed and two others injured when a truck rammed a CNG-run auto-rickshaw at Baromile on Kushtia-Ishwardi highway in Bheramara upazila of Kushtia district on Wednesday night.
The deceased were identified as Bijoy Lal, 28, son of Indo Lal, and Masum Lal, 27, son of Munna Lal, both residents of Baro Bazar Choitonyo Palli in the upazila.
The accident took place around 11:30pm when a speeding truck hit a CNG-run auto-rickshaw coming from the opposite direction, leaving the two passengers of the auto-rickshaw dead on the spot and another passenger Seba and driver Joynal injured, said Sub-inspector Abdul Jabbar, in-charge of Kushtia highway police camp.
The injured were rushed to Kushtia General Hospital.


"Saving the planet" is a good platform for some to earn profits or derive a livelihood from, or most often as a marketing gimmick.
Do you think those restaurants that removed plastic straws or companies that organise beach clean-ups really care? LOL!
Even most of the staff that do the trash clean-ups & organise protect-the-earth events don't care --- not for the planet anyway. They do care for their jobs & appraisals in doing tasks deemed as "important" by their companies or managers.
It's all about $$$ and whatever that fit one's convenience.
don't take a plane, take a ship to europe, should be earth friendlier.


The year 2016 has been filled with multiple banks getting hacked. One of those intrusions has gone by virtually unnoticed. Turkey's AKbank, one of the largest institutions in the country, may find themselves liable for up to $4m in damages. The bank suffered a major attack on the SWIFT global money transfer system albeit Akbank claims no customer info was compromised.
It appears Akbank has been the target of an attack against SWIFT on December 8. That is rather surprising, as SWIFT issued guidelines to have their partners beef up security. It looks like Akbank did not take the necessary precautions to keep their systems safe.
Thankfully, it appears no customer details have been stolen. No funds were taken either, by the look of things, even though the total cost of the attack amounts to US$4m. Bank officials have not released an official statement related to how much money may have been stolen. It is unclear how the hackers managed to breach the bank's systems as well.
Given the current global cyber heist threat faced by banks, one would expect institutions to step up their security. Doing so takes time and money, which can be can issue for smaller banks. However, Akbank is one of Turkey's biggest financial institutions, and they should have no problems doing so.
Company officials did mention how this breach will not affect operations of financials for Akbank. While they are facing up to US$4m in risk, it appears they can shrug off the event as if nothing happened. A rather troublesome attitude, given the fact this is not the first successful attack against banks this year.
According to SWIFT, the network and core messaging system are not affected. This seems to indicate the attempted cyberheist was purely can attack against Akbank itself. Whether or not this means can inside job is the most likely scenario, remains to be seen. If this attack draws similarities to the Bangladesh heist earlier no 2016, user credentials may have been obtained through social engineering.
All of this goes to show the banking system as we know continues to pose a systemic risk. A centralized backbone, even if it is not compromised, is a prime target for hackers and other criminals. Akbank shares dipped slightly when the news broke, but it looks like things are contained, for the time being.


While using computer we come across so many softwares and use them for our work. Sometimes some softwares misbehave and do not obey the command to close or exit. This happens due to improper software development [ More information for developers : improper conditions usage, improper memory management, inefficient exception handling ( try,catch, throw) ] In such situations, use task manager to force exit software so that you can restart the software and use it without any further problem or in some cases where the complete system is hung, this solves the problem. Open task manager. You can do so by right clicking on the taskbar (available at the lower portion of the desktop) or you can use the shortcut Ctrl+Shift+Esc to directly open the Task Manager. ( If you are using Windows 8 then click on more details ) In the Applications tab, click on the program that's not responding (the status will say "Not Responding") and then click the End Task button. In the new dialog box that appears, click End Task to close the application. If this is also not working then click on the application which is not responding and then click GO TO PROCESS. Now click END PROCESS and this force exit software which immediately closes the software.


The Honda Ruckus is a 4 stroke, Scooter bike with a Liquid cooled 49.00 ccm (2,98 cubic inches) Single cylinder type of engine.
If you are looking for Honda Ruckus Tyres then you will need to look for the right sizes. On this model the Front Tyre size is 120/90 - 10 and the Rear Tyre size is 130/90 - 10 so before going ahead and buying a tyre, double check that it is the right size.
To stop this 88.0 kg (193,03 pounds) bike you will need good brakes. The Honda Ruckus comes with Expanding brake (drum brake) brakes on the front and Expanding brake (drum brake) brakes on the rear to ensure you will stop quickly if you need to.
Are you looking for a specific part for the Honda Ruckus? Leave a message and our other users may be able to help!


text:
National Health Executive brings you a round up of the current new NHS structure news, articles, interviews and analysis of the UK's health service.
Want to keep up-to-date with all the latest healthcare news? Register for our weekly e-newsletter or daily e-alerts and get the latest health service news and analysis direct to your inbox.
For a further look at the UK's health service visit our Health Service Focus and Health Care News pages. Take a deeper look at specific areas of interest such as efficiency, integrated care, service reconfiguration and many other topical issues.
CQC Compliance is not optional! Compliance is now a high-profile issue – and failing the scrutiny of CQC inspectors can damage a care provider's brand and...
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26/06/2020Adapting and Innovating
Matt Roberts, National Health Executive Editorial Lead. NHE May/June 2020 Edition We've been through so much as a health sector and a society in recent months with coronavirus and nothing can take away from the loss and difficulties that we've faced but it vital we also don't disregard the amazing efforts we've witnessed. Staff have gone above and beyond, whole hospitals and trusts have flexed virtually at w... read more >
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A collaborative approach to tackling agency


23.03.2016 at 10:22:55 Totally removing it is not possible), you both should add these india, ?�Paneer', a cottage cheese.
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23.03.2016 at 14:47:18 For 2 hours a day 5 occasions per week.
23.03.2016 at 17:50:34 Turn out to be saturated, any excess grains are usually excluded on the paleo.


text:
Q: CRM 2011 Custom Workflow
I GO THE PLUGIN WORKING, AND I HAVE UPDATED THE WORKING CODE HERE. HOPE IT HELPS!!

I'm creating a workflow which has a plugin to retrieve a contact entity from a "FROM" field of an Email record. I'm trying to see if that email exists in the contact entity. The input is the "FROM" email and the output will return the Contacts entity. I have not been able to get this code working, I've received different errors or no errors, but I know its not working. Please help! Thanks in advance!
using System.Activities;
using Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk;
using Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk.Workflow;
using Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk.Query;
using Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk.Messages;
using System;

namespace GetSenderPlugin
{
  public class GetSenderPlugin : CodeActivity
  {
    protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext executionContext)
    {
        //Create the tracing service
        ITracingService trace = executionContext.GetExtension<ITracingService>();
        trace.Trace("*****Tracing Initiated*****");

        //Create the IWorkflowContext and the IOrganizationService for communication with CRM
        IWorkflowContext context = executionContext.GetExtension<IWorkflowContext>();
        IOrganizationServiceFactory serviceFactory = executionContext.GetExtension<IOrganizationServiceFactory>();
        IOrganizationService service = serviceFactory.CreateOrganizationService(context.UserId);
        trace.Trace("*****IOrganizationService created*****");

        trace.Trace("*****Entity logical Name: " + Email.Get<EntityReference>(executionContext).LogicalName + "*****");
        trace.Trace("*****Entity ID: " + Email.Get<EntityReference>(executionContext).Id + "*****");

        if (Email != null && string.Compare(Email.Get<EntityReference>(executionContext).LogicalName, "email", false) == 0)
        {
            EntityReference retrieveEmail = new EntityReference();
            retrieveEmail.Id = Email.Get<EntityReference>(executionContext).Id;
            retrieveEmail.LogicalName = Email.Get<EntityReference>(executionContext).LogicalName;
            retrieveEmail.Name = Email.Get<EntityReference>(executionContext).Name;

            string[] strArrays = new string[1];
            strArrays[0] = "from";

            ColumnSet columnSet = new ColumnSet();
            columnSet.AddColumn(strArrays[0]);

            RetrieveRequest retrieveRequest = new RetrieveRequest();
            retrieveRequest.Target = retrieveEmail;
            retrieveRequest.ColumnSet = columnSet;
            trace.Trace("*****Retrieve Request declared*****");

            RetrieveResponse retrieveResponse = (RetrieveResponse)service.Execute(retrieveRequest);
            trace.Trace("*****Retrieve Response executed*****");

            Email businessEntity = (Email)retrieveResponse.Entity;
            trace.Trace("*****businessEnitity retrieved*****");

            //ActivityParty activitypartyArray = (ActivityParty)businessEntity.From.FirstOrDefault;
            foreach (ActivityParty activityParty in businessEntity.From)
            {
                trace.Trace("*****Activity Party Name: " + activityParty.PartyId.LogicalName + "*****");
                trace.Trace("*****Activity Party Id: " + activityParty.PartyId.Id + "*****");
                if (activityParty != null && activityParty != null && activityParty.PartyId != null)
                {
                    string str = activityParty.PartyId.LogicalName;
                    if (str.CompareTo("contact") != 0)
                    {
                        trace.Trace("*****Not Contact*****");
                        if (str.CompareTo("account") != 0)
                        {
                            trace.Trace("*****Not Account*****");
                            if (str.CompareTo("lead") != 0)
                            {
                                trace.Trace("*****Not Lead*****");
                                if (str.CompareTo("systemuser") != 0)
                                {
                                    trace.Trace("*****Not System User*****");
                                    if (str.CompareTo("queue") == 0)
                                    {
                                        Queue.Set(executionContext, activityParty.PartyId);
                                        Contact.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("contact", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                        User.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("systemuser", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                        Lead.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("lead", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                        Account.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("account", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        trace.Trace("*****User not found*****");
                                        Queue.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("queue", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                        Contact.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("contact", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                        User.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("systemuser", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                        Lead.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("lead", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                        Account.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("account", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                    }
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    User.Set(executionContext, activityParty.PartyId);
                                    Contact.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("contact", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                    Queue.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("queue", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                    Lead.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("lead", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                    Account.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("account", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Lead.Set(executionContext, activityParty.PartyId);
                                Contact.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("contact", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                Queue.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("queue", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                User.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("systemuser", Guid.NewGuid()));
                                Account.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("account", Guid.NewGuid()));
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Account.Set(executionContext, activityParty.PartyId);
                            Contact.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("contact", Guid.NewGuid()));
                            Queue.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("queue", Guid.NewGuid()));
                            User.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("systemuser", Guid.NewGuid()));
                            Lead.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("lead", Guid.NewGuid()));
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        trace.Trace("*****Contact assigned*****");
                        Contact.Set(executionContext, activityParty.PartyId);
                        Queue.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("queue", Guid.NewGuid()));
                        User.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("systemuser", Guid.NewGuid()));
                        Lead.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("lead", Guid.NewGuid()));
                        Account.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("account", Guid.NewGuid()));
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            trace.Trace("*****Email is null*****");
            Queue.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("queue", Guid.NewGuid()));
            Contact.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("contact", Guid.NewGuid()));
            User.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("systemuser", Guid.NewGuid()));
            Lead.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("lead", Guid.NewGuid()));
            Account.Set(executionContext, new EntityReference("account", Guid.NewGuid()));
        }
    }

    #region Properties
    [Input("E-mail")]
    [ReferenceTarget("email")]
    public InArgument<EntityReference> Email { get; set; }

    [Output("Account")]
    [ReferenceTarget("account")]
    public OutArgument<EntityReference> Account { get; set; }

    [Output("Contact")]
    [ReferenceTarget("contact")]
    public OutArgument<EntityReference> Contact { get; set; }

    [Output("Lead")]
    [ReferenceTarget("lead")]
    public OutArgument<EntityReference> Lead { get; set; }

    [Output("Queue")]
    [ReferenceTarget("queue")]
    public OutArgument<EntityReference> Queue { get; set; }

    [Output("User")]
    [ReferenceTarget("systemuser")]
    public OutArgument<EntityReference> User { get; set; }
    #endregion
  }
}

So we are upgrading our internal CRM system from 4.0 to 2011, and this was a plugin that was on a workflow. I didn't have the original source code so I didn't really know what the code was doing. But I decompiled the original .dll file after I exported the solution. I tried to rewrite the code for CRM 2011, and here is what I have. After I tested the workflow, I get error saying: "Expected non-empty Guid." The code goes to the very last line after the loop then gives me the error. Here is the trace:
Workflow paused due to error: Unhandled Exception: System.ServiceModel.FaultException`1[[Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk.OrganizationServiceFault, Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]]: Expected non-empty Guid.Detail:
<OrganizationServiceFault xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xrm/2011/Contracts">
  <ErrorCode>-2147220989</ErrorCode>
  <ErrorDetails xmlns:d2p1="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/System.Collections.Generic" />
  <Message>Expected non-empty Guid.</Message>
  <Timestamp>2013-02-21T23:46:37.0376093Z</Timestamp>
  <InnerFault>
   <ErrorCode>-2147220970</ErrorCode>
    <ErrorDetails xmlns:d3p1="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/System.Collections.Generic" />
    <Message>System.ArgumentException: Expected non-empty Guid.
Parameter name: id</Message>
    <Timestamp>2013-02-21T23:46:37.0376093Z</Timestamp>
    <InnerFault i:nil="true" />
    <TraceText i:nil="true" />
 </InnerFault>
 <TraceText>[Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk.Workflow: Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk.Workflow.Activities.RetrieveEntity]
[RetrieveEntity]
    *****Tracing Initiated*****
    *****IOrganizationService created*****
    *****Entity logical Name: email*****
    *****Entity ID: c49e4c7c-8724-de11-86ce-000c290f83d7*****
    *****Retrieve Request declared*****
    *****Retrieve Response executed*****
    *****businessEnitity retrieved*****
    *****Activity Party Name: contact*****
    *****Activity Party Id: 79ed3a33-8eb9-dc11-8edd-00c09f226ebb*****
    *****Activity Party not null*****
    *****Contact assigned*****
    *****foreach ended*****</TraceText>
</OrganizationServiceFault>
   at Microsoft.Crm.Extensibility.OrganizationSdkServiceInternal.Retrieve(String entityName, Guid id, ColumnSet columnSet, CorrelationToken correlationToken, CallerOriginToken callerOriginToken, WebServiceType serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Crm.Extensibility.InprocessServiceProxy.RetrieveCore(String entityName, Guid id, ColumnSet columnSet)
   at Microsoft.Xrm.Sdk.Client.OrganizationServiceProxy.Retrieve(String entityName, Guid id, ColumnSet columnSet)
   at Microsoft.Crm.Workflow.Services.RetrieveActivityService.<>c__DisplayClass1.<RetrieveInternal>b__0(IOrganizationService sdkService)
   at Microsoft.Crm.Workflow.Services.ActivityServiceBase.ExecuteInTransactedContext(ActivityDelegate activityDelegate)
   at Microsoft.Crm.Workflow.Services.RetrieveActivityService.ExecuteInternal(ActivityContext executionContext, RetrieveEntity retrieveEntity)
   at Microsoft.Crm.Workflow.Services.RetrieveActivityService.Execute(ActivityContext executionContext, RetrieveEntity retrieveEntity)
   at System.Activities.CodeActivity.InternalExecute(ActivityInstance instance, ActivityExecutor executor, BookmarkManager bookmarkManager)
   at System.Activities.Runtime.ActivityExecutor.ExecuteActivityWorkItem.ExecuteBody(ActivityExecutor executor, BookmarkManager bookmarkManager, Location resultLocation)

A:
I've received different errors or no errors, but I know its not working

First, I suggest you to list errors in your question. It will be much easier to answer you and to avoid -1s. :) Second, use tracing service in workflow.
ITracingService tracingService = context.GetExtension<ITracingService>();
tracingService.Trace("I'm tracing something....");

What should happen if Contact with specified email is not found? You have to handle this case. Probably it fails here. Post error log in question, to check this.

A: If I'm to give a shot-from-the-hip answer, I'd guess this is the problem is that you in some cases don't get a match and filter out everything. Then, you get null somewhere (or try to refer to an empty guid, or try to select an attribute that hasn't been entered so that, although it's defined, it's not served).
What exact errors do you get? When do you get them and when don't you?
Also, some issues with the code that I've noticed (not the solution but still might be improved).
Typo in the name. I think you wanted ContactReference.
[Output("output")]
[ReferenceTarget("contact")]
public OutArgument<EntityReference> ContactRefernce { get; set; }

I'd design the query in a bit different way. Since you know what address you want to match, you might want to filter precisely that. Also, You seem only to be needing the guid for the match based on the email so you only need to fetch that.
private Guid MatchSenderWithExistingContact(
  IOrganizationService service, String fromAddress)
{
  QueryExpression query = new QueryExpression
  {
    EntityName = "contact",
    ColumnSet = new ColumnSet("emailaddress1"),
    Criteria = new FilterExpression
    {
      Filters =
      {
        new FilterExpression
        {
          Conditions =
          {
            new ConditionExpression(
              "emailaddress1", ConditionOperator.Equal, fromAddress)
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };

  EntityCollection retrieveMultipleRequest = service.RetrieveMultiple(query);
  IEnumerable<Entity> entities = retrieveMultipleRequest.Entities;
  return entities.FirstOrDefault().Id;
}

You might want to put the declaration of the query on step-by-step syntax. I prefer it this way because it's more convenient when creating advanced queries. However, the part when you iterated and used break is definitely better off as shown above.
Happy coding!
It might behoove you to use the tracing. Usually, I declare the tracing object as a member variable in the plugin class and then write to it at every operation. That way, at least I know where manure hits the AC and can log the value of the variables right before that.
private ITracingService trace;

public void Execute(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
  trace = (ITracingService)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(ITracingService));
  _trace.Trace("Tracing successful!");
  throw new Exception("Intentional! Nice.");
}

Just keep it mind that the trace won't show unless an uncaught exception occurs. In fact, I've intentionally crashed the execution on occasion just to see what's in the variables. So remember that if you've got a global try-catch, you'll need to re-throw the exception manually.
Upside of this method is that you can tracing both on-premise and on-line. It works for all plugin registrations except the asynchronous. There are work-arounds for that too but that wasn't the topic of your question and I've digressed enough already.


text:
<!doctype html>

<meta charset="utf8">
<title>CSS contain-intrinsic-size: intrinsic-size changes.</title>
<link rel="author" title="Vladimir Levin" href="mailto:vmpstr@chromium.org">
<link rel="help" href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-sizing-4/#intrinsic-size-override">
<link rel="match" href="contain-intrinsic-size-013-ref.html">
<meta name="assert" content="changes in intrinsic-size cause reflow">

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A Chattaroy father-son team's search for Noah's Ark takes them to the top of Turkey's Mt. Ararat
By Dan Nailen
A local father and son (inset) are featured in the documentary Finding Noah.
"Basically, without being overly dramatic, from the time you get up there, you're experiencing a slow death."
Bill Hughes says this matter-of-factly — definitely not dramatically — as he describes the feeling of living atop a glacier at 17,000 feet for a month, a trip he and his son Will did twice as part of an archaeological team hunting for what they believe are the remains of the real Noah's Ark.
"Everybody's body responds differently to that altitude and lack of oxygen. I don't know if there's any real way to prepare for something like that. I stayed up there for the duration, and it did damage," Hughes says. "A couple weeks in, we were losing feelings in our extremities, and it wasn't because of the cold, it was just lack of oxygen. My blood oxygen level got to 72 percent [a "normal" blood oxygen level is 95-100 percent]."
Hughes was a 58-year-old retired Air Force veteran living with his wife in Chattaroy when his 28-year-old son, Will, now working as a missionary in Chile, got in touch regarding an expedition he'd learned about through some Bible study friends. A couple of last-minute dropouts left the team in need of mechanics and life-support staff who could dedicate seven weeks to the epic climbing and drilling operation.
Hughes says his involvement came through "a whole bunch of really crazy circumstances," and he figures someone must have asked Will, "Hey, do you know anybody who's good under Arctic conditions, culturally sensitive and is OK in a war zone?"
Bill Hughes (left) and his son Will spent a month atop Mt. Ararat — twice — searching for Noah's Ark.
The elder Hughes, a Christian and veteran of nearly six years in the Fairchild Air Force Base Survival School, jumped at the chance.
"I was going with my son, so how can you turn that down?" Hughes says. "We spent a lot of time together, through some pretty harrowing experiences, and being able to have that kind of bond is amazing."
Their adventure and that of the ark hunters is recounted in a new film, Finding Noah, that is part outdoor adventure flick and part faith-based documentary rooted in the team's belief that the Bible stories of Noah, the ark and a great flood are more than allegory. The film was made during the Hughes boys' second trip up Mt. Ararat in 2013. Spoiler alert: The team didn't find the ark. (You probably would have heard something.)
Even so, the film successfully illustrates the role that an apocalyptic, global great flood plays in faiths ranging from Christianity to Judaism and Islam. Ultimately, it's a film about the lengths men will go in service of their faith, and each other.
None of the team illustrated that idea more than the bearded father-and-son duo, says Jonathan Shaw, one of the film's producers and editors. The Hugheses scrambled to the peak of Mt. Ararat and set up camp ahead of the rest of the team, braving unpredictable weather, a lack of oxygen and occasional tank and gunfire below, where Kurds, Turks, Syrians and Iraqis wage endless battles for the land around the mountain. And, Shaw says, they did it selflessly.
"Just the sincerity of what Will and Bill were doing, they gave the credibility to me of the idea of what this film all about," Shaw says from his Los Angeles studio. "If you climb Mt. Everest, you're doing that for yourself. If you're climbing Mt. Ararat to look for the ark, you're doing something beyond yourself. You're doing something for your faith and your belief."
Their faith helped the Hugheses stay calm in the face of some daunting odds when they were alone on the mountain, waiting for the rest of the team to arrive, Hughes says.
"We had lightning going up, going down, it was right next to us," Hughes says, describing one storm. "And it was amazing, it was beautiful, just gorgeous. We figured we were supposed to be there, so we're not gonna die. God had brought us there, so we were good with that. We had complete peace."
I Saw You
Good Bakes, Bad Decisions
While Hughes was disappointed that the team didn't find the ark, and was happy to come back to his wife and job working as a career and employment coordinator at Spokane Community College, the memories of his Mt. Ararat trips stick with him.
"When Will and I were up there by ourselves, you go out at two in the morning, and you're standing on the ground, but it's the perspective you have from an airplane at night," Hughes says. "The sky, it was amazing. The solitude, the peace, the clarity that we could muster up with no brain cells working — I was losing that [memory] until this movie was released, because it gave me the opportunity to think and remember where we were. Not just physically, but where we were spiritually and mentally.
"Looking back, like many of the experiences I've had in my life, it's like, 'OK, that was really good! Maybe I'll get to do it again.'" ♦
Finding Noah will screen on Thu, Oct. 8, at 7 pm at the NorthTown 12 in Spokane and Riverstone Stadium 14 in Coeur d'Alene.
Arts & Culture,
Finding Noah is not showing in any theaters in the area.
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Dan Nailen
Dan Nailen is the managing editor of the Inlander, where he oversees coverage of arts and culture. He's previously written and edited for The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City Weekly, Missoula Independent, Salt Lake Magazine, The Oregonian and KUER-FM. He grew up seeing the country in an Air Force family and studied...


100 years after the end of World War I, the conference will focus on the wars raging in Europe between 1914 and 1945, as well as other relevant events before and after that period that shaped and changed Europe in many ways. It will address political as well as educational aspects of memories and memorial sites and explore the role of war memories for our common European History and European Identity. The conference is part of the official programme of the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018.
The event involves 12 European Regions (Aragón (ES), South Moravia (CZ), Bremen (DE), Saxony (DE), East-North Finland (FI), Berlin (DE), Flanders (BE), Trentino (IT), Lower Silesia (PL), North-East Romania (RO), Normandy (FR), Friuli Venezia Giulia (IT)).
Keynote Speaker is Christopher M. Clark, Cambridge University, ERC Board Member.
Please note that participation without registration will not be possible and that registration will be on first come, first served basis since the seats are for security reasons strictly limited.