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Giovanni Toti (born 7 September 1968) is an Italian journalist and politician, who has been President of Liguria since June 2015. Toti was also elected to the European Parliament, following the 2014 European Parliament election.

Biography
Born in Viareggio in 1968, Toti grew up in Massa Carrara where the family ran a hotel, and he has lived for many years with his family and parents in Bocca di Magra, Ameglia, in the province of La Spezia, Liguria. He graduated in political science from the University of Milan. He is married to the journalist Siria Magri.

During the 1980s he was a member of the youth wing of the Italian Socialist Party, led at the time by Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister from 1983 to 1987, later condemned for corruption, in the trial Mani Pulite.

In 1991, he started working for Studio Aperto, the news program of Silvio Berlusconi's TV channel Italia 1, of which he became director in 2010. In March 2012 Toti became also director of Tg4, replacing the long-time one Emilio Fede.

In January 2014, Toti entered politics as political counselor of Berlusconi's party Forza Italia. In the 2014 European elections he was elected to the European Parliament with 148,291 votes.

On 1 April 2015 he presented his candidacy to become President of Liguria in the regional election of May at the head of centre-right coalition composed of Northern League, Brothers of Italy, New Centre-Right and Toti's party FI. After the election, Toti was elected President with 34.4% of votes, defeating the Democratic candidate Raffaella Paita.

References

1968 births
Forza Italia politicians
Presidents of Liguria
Living people
MEPs for Italy 2014–2019
21st-century Italian politicians


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Q: Prove $\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ has no subgroup of finite index We are asked to prove that $\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ has no subgroup of finite index. And think about $\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{Z})$ with the same question. However, I think if there is a homomorphism $\varphi\colon\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) \to C = \left \{  1, -1\right \}$, which take matrix with positive determinant to 1 while matrix with negative determinant to -1, then the kernel is a subgroup with finite index. Am I wrong?

A: Hint: First prove that $PGL(n,{\mathbb R})$, $n\ge 2$, is simple (as an abstract group). See section 3.2 of "A Course in the Theory of Groups" by D.Robinson. Now use this result to show that $GL_{+}(n,{\mathbb R})$ (the group of invertible matrices with positive determinant) has no proper finite index subgroups. An alternative: First show that the additive group ${\mathbb R}$ has no proper finite index subgroups. Then prove that $SL(n, {\mathbb R})$ is generated by the "elementary matrix subgroups" $E_{ij}$ (aka "root subgroups"), which are groups of matrices with $1$ on the diagonal, an arbitrary real number in the $a_{ij}$ slot and zero elsewhere, e.g.:
$$
E_{12}= \{\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
1&x&0&...\\
0&1&0&...\\
0&0&1&...\\
\end{array}\right]: x\in {\mathbb R}\}.
$$
Use this to show that $GL_+(n,{\mathbb R})$ has no nontrivial homomorphisms to finite groups.

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text:
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Semicircle Sun
1 From €200 nightly
Better known for its Atlantic rollers and camping sites, this stretch of the French coast is all about laid-back summer living. On the outskirts of Bidart, this home epitomises that with its clean lin...
From €200 nightly
€200 /avg nightly
Chocolatine Please
Against a backdrop of Belle Epoque-style buildings with spindly turrets and Art Nouveau villas fit for Empress Eugénie herself, well-heeled Parisians and barefoot surfers share the streets of Biarritz...
Le Freak, C'est Chic
They say 'never judge a book by its cover', but most of the time, we have a pretty good idea of what to expect inside. Well, this apartment is the exception that proves the rule. While the window-shut...
If you're looking for a taste of the local life, this charming apartment nestled in the French seaside town of Biarritz will have you feeling like a local in no time. The open-plan living room and din...
Anyone looking to spend their holidays relaxing on Hossegor's serene sandy beaches and trying out delicious French cuisine at fine dining restaurants will love this homely apartment personalised with...
Surf n' Turf
The French Atlantic coast in the far southwest is famous for its' surf and the local Basque culture. This family home in the attractive village of Saint Jean de Luz is the perfect base for your holida...
Our Little Secret
Blossoming through the hedges, this charming home in the quiet French town of Bidart is the perfect spot to enjoy one another's company. The open-plan kitchen, living room and dining area radiates oce...
Crimson & Mint
We love the bursts of colour that light up this home in Ciboure, from the red-painted exteriors to the mint walls. Though snug, it's the perfect size for a romantic getaway or a solo adventure, and ju...
If you're looking for a vacation in surfy Biarritz, this home is right in the centre of city with a sparkling view of sea. The living area is graced with three sets of sliding doors that wash the livi...
Petit Rouge
Long before the town became known as the crown jewel of French surf culture, Biarritz was where the Bright Young Things flocked to in the 1920s. The town has certainly changed in a century, but its ir...
Très Chic
Housed in a former hotel with a magnificent, marbled entrance hall, this flat feels classically French – from the hardwood floors and checkered tiles to the huge windows and balcony doors that bathe e...
Blueberry Shrub
Undisturbed moments on Anglet's sandy beaches, daily brunches and afternoon tea in the fresh air and long soaks in the pool sound like pure bliss to us. A full, modern kitchen, laundry facilities, a f...
Le Duplex de Chiberta
Located in Anglet near Biarritz, 5 min from the beach and 300m from the pine forest, "Le Duplex de Chiberta" is a 3-STAR holiday rental. We also offer HOLIDAY PACKAGES combining accommodation with GOLF lessons, SURF lessons, THALASSO or FRENCH lessons.
Anglet: Beautiful villa "Thalassa". In the district of Chiberta, in a quiet, sunny position in the residential district, 1 km from the sea, 1 km from the beach. Private: property 500 m2 (fenced), lawn...
LA FORGE
Saint Pandelon 43 km from Hossegor: Single-family house "LA FORGE", renovated in 2010. In the resort, 45 km from the sea, on a main road. Private: property 310 m2 (fenced), garden 30 m2 (fenced) lawn...
Peydecoum (SGM100)
Country house "Peydecoum", surrounded by trees. In a hamlet 3 km from the centre of St. Geours-de-Maremne, 18 km from the centre of Hossegor, 19 km from the centre of Dax, 19 km from the sea, 19 km fr...
Eco Village Naturéo (SGN310)
Child friendly resort "Eco Village Naturéo", surrounded by trees. 410 houses in the resort. In the district of Seignosse-Les-Bourdaines 750 m from the centre of Seignosse-Le-Penon, 6 km from the centr...
Les Patios d'Eugénie (BIA800)
Resort "Les Patios d'Eugénie", 5 storeys. 66 apartments in the residence. 400 m from the centre of Biarritz, in a central position, 400 m from the sea. For shared use: swimming pool heated (8 x 4 m, d...
Collines Iduki (BCL100)
Resort "Collines Iduki", 2 storeys. 36 apartments in the residence. 500 m from the centre of La Bastide-Clairence, 8.5 km from the centre of Hasparren, 25 km from the centre of Bayonne, on a slope, 10...
Golondrina (TNS100)
Single-family house "Golondrina". 1 km from the centre of Tarnos, 3 km from the centre of Ondres, 8 km from the centre of Bayonne, in the residential district, 5.5 km from the sea. Private: property 1...
Le Domaine de Lana (LUZ410)
Small resort "Le Domaine de Lana". 14 houses in the residence. On the outskirts Urrugne, 3 km from the centre of St. Jean-de-Luz, in the residential district, 2.5 km from the sea. For shared use: swim...
Orée de la Milady (BIA100)
Beautiful, comfortable resort "Orée de la Milady". 10 houses in the residence. 3 km from the centre of Biarritz, residential area (villas), 300 m from the sea. For shared use: property with plants and...
Green Resort MH Key West (ONR210)
Reception desk, sports facilities etc. at the camp site Blue Océan (approx. 100 m). Limited access by car to the mobile home and and within the resort from Monday through Friday (by the hour). Mobile...
Résidence Hego Alde
Residence "Résidence Hego Alde", 3 storeys. In the district of Karsinenea, in the residential district, 2.6 km from the sea, 2.6 km from the beach. In the complex: lift. Shop 1.6 km, grocery 1.4 km, s...
L'Allée des Dunes (ONR100)
Child friendly resort. 50 houses in the residence. 100 apartments in the residence. 3 km from the centre of Ondres, 12 km from the centre of Bayonne, 20 km from the centre of Biarritz, 1.4 km from the...
La Bruyère
Saubion 6 km from Hossegor: Single-family house "La Bruyère", built in 2020. 1 km from the centre of Saubion, in a quiet position residential area (villas), 50 m from the edge of the forest, 7 km from...
Landaboure
Urcuit 16 km from Villefranque: Comfortable villa " Landaboure". In a quiet, sunny position, 19 km from the sea, 19 km from the beach, in the countryside. For shared use: garden (fenced). Private: wel...
Labenne Océan 10 km from Hossegor: Single-family house "La Plage", built in 2015. In the resort 500 m from the centre of Labenne Océan, excellent location: right in the centre but still quiet, 600 m f...
Les Berges Landaises
Capbreton 1 km from Hossegor: Beautiful, comfortable residence "Les Berges Landaises", 2 storeys, built in 2010. 500 m from the centre of Hossegor, on the outskirts, 1 km from the centre of Capbreton,...
Labenne Océan 10 km from Hossegor: Single-family house "Ile de france". 500 m from the centre of Labenne, in a quiet position, 600 m from the sea. Private: property 1'000 m2 (fenced), swimming pool an...
Residence "Isara". In the centre of Saint Jean de Luz, 200 m from the sea, 200 m from the beach, on a main road. In the house: lift, storage room for bicycles. Supermarket, restaurant, bakery, café, p...
Résidence Baratzean
St Jean de Luz: Residence "Résidence Baratzean". In a central, busy position, 100 m from the sea, 100 m from the beach. In the house: lift. Shop 100 m, grocery 200 m, restaurant 100 m, bar 50 m, baker...
Saint Jean de Luz: Residence "Iberia", 4 storeys. In the centre of Saint Jean de Luz, excellent location: right in the centre but still quiet, 150 m from the sea, 150 m from the beach. In the house: l...
Modern residence "Antxeta". In the district of Acotz, in the residential district, 1 km from the sea, 1 km from the beach. Supermarket 1 km, bus stop 750 m, railway station "Guéthary" 2.5 km, sandy be...
Du lac
Hossegor: Residence "Du lac". In the centre of Hossegor, 1.2 km from the sea, 50 m from the lake. Parking (limited number of spaces). Shop 50 m, restaurant 100 m, bakery 50 m, café 100 m, 1 minute wal...
Les Vignes Océanes
Capbreton 2 km from Hossegor: Single-family house " Les Vignes Océanes", built in 2000. In the resort 800 m from the centre of Capbreton, in a quiet position, 1 km from the sea, 1 km from the beach. S...
Le chant des milans
Ondres 15 km from Hossegor: Single-family house "Le chant des milans". 800 m from the centre of Ondres, in a quiet position, 4 km from the sea, 500 m from the lake. Private: garden 3'000 m2 flowers. S...
Résidence de France
Residence "Résidence de France". In a central, busy position, 200 m from the sea, 200 m from the beach. Shop 50 m, grocery 100 m, shopping centre 1.5 km, restaurant, bakery 50 m, café 100 m, pedestria...
Eki Alde
St Pée sur Nivelle 15 km from Saint Jean de Luz: Single-family house "Eki Alde". 15 km from the sea, 5 km from the lake, 15 km from the beach. Private: property 2'300 m2 (fenced), parking (for 3 cars)...
Maison Elbarren
Urrugne 3 km from Saint Jean de Luz: Beautiful 2-family house "Maison Elbarren", 2 storeys. In a quiet position, 4 km from the sea, 4 km from the beach. Private: property 1'000 m2. Shop 1.9 km, grocer...
Geroko
Arcangues 7 km from Bidart: House "Geroko". Above d'Arcangues, in a quiet, sunny position, 8 km from the sea, 8 km from the beach, in a cul-de-sac. Private: well-kept garden 200 m2, indoor pool angula...
Xabadenia
Bidart: Residence "Xabadenia". 300 m from the centre, 900 m from the sea, 900 m from the beach, road to cross. In the house: lift. Parking on the premises. Grocery, restaurant, bar, bakery, café 300 m...
Chiouleben
Cosy, comfortable single-family house "Chiouleben", built in 2020, surrounded by trees and meadows. 3.5 km from the centre of Magescq, 10 km from the centre of Soustons, 20 km from the centre of Dax,...
Bidart: Residence "Eskola". 900 m from the sea, 900 m from the beach. Shopping centre 2.5 km, restaurant, bar, bakery, café, pedestrian zone 500 m, 5 minute walk to the centre, bus stop 300 m, railway...
Querencia
ANGLET 4 km from Biarritz: Comfortable 3-family house "Querencia". In the district of Chambre d'Amour, in the centre of Anglet, in a quiet position in the residential district, 950 m from the sea, 950...
Domaine Aïga
Residence "Domaine Aïga", 2 storeys, built in 2020, surrounded by trees. 2 km from the centre of Hossegor, in a quiet position in the residential district, 1.5 km from the sea, 50 m from the lake, 1.5...
Anglet 5 km from Interhome Biarritz: Residence "Comete", 2 storeys, built in 2017. In the district of Place Lamothe, in a quiet position in the residential district, 3 km from the sea, 3 km from the b...
Haut des plages
Note: An apartment attached to the house is occupied, with a separate entrance. Only the parking is to be shared. Beautiful house "Haut des plages". In the centre of Bidart, in a sunny, elevated posit...
Tosse 10 km from Hossegor: Single-family house "Sainte Marie". In a quiet position. Private: property 700 m2 (fenced). Grocery 1 km, restaurant 1 km, café 1 km, sandy beach 6 km. Golf course 6 km. 4-...
Argia Eder
Small residence "Argia Eder". In a central position, 800 m from the sea, 800 m from the beach. In the house: lift. Public parking 50 m. Supermarket 500 m, restaurant 200 m, bakery 400 m, 1 minute walk...
Self-Catering Biarritz (interactive)
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We told you we'd have more exciting news coming soon and we're telling you all about it in this video we made last weekend. (PLUS you get to meet Johnathan's wife, Mrs. Romantic and get an update on The Company TV show!) So watch the video, share it around to spread the good news, and then if you want to chat with us, just leave a comment and we'll answer them when we have a chance!
LOOK FOR THE NEXT Julie & Johnathan announcement on December 8th! That's when we have out FIRST COVER REVEAL! If you'd like to sign up for that the form will be posted today over at Xpresso Book Tours and you can sign up to help share the cover HERE.
Janet Evanovich and Lee Goldberg are a female male writing team . . .
You never stop surprising or inspiring me.


ARR (ROMANIAN ROAD AUTHORITY) MIDDLE COMPARTMENT ARRANGEMENT: 4 seats (one 2 seats benc..
Emergency vehicles - Truck for divers unit For interventions in case of calamities, acci..
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Designed for the analysis and / or data collection - data processing in specific points B..
BUILDING CUSTOM TRAILERS ACCORDING TO CLIENT SPECIFICATION. trailers can be open or close..
PLATFORMS: Built on the cab chassis, according to customer specification Platform m..
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TRANSPORT FOR GENERAL GOODS. Built on cab chassis from composite panels / plywood / alumi..
Used for transporting perishable goods chilled or frozen Built on cab chassis from compos..
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPECIAL VEHICLE 4x4 FOR PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION MAN Seats:28+3 ..
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DESIGNED FOR COMPANIES SPECIALIZED IN GARBAGE TRANSPORT AND SANITATION. Built on cab chas..
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text:
From the collection of Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives
49 Items featured online
Ephemera, Laurie Lane's Leather World [tag], c.1985-1989
Have a question? Contact Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives
bdsm,
157A Commercial Road, South Yarra, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/5e618c9e21ea690668fc3263
This record was last updated 10 months ago
Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives: Website Email
Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives
Catalogue, Leather World at The Beat, 1987
leather, bdsm, fetish
Photograph, Roberta Perkins speaking at the Australian Transsexual Association (ATA) and Gay Solidarity protest, Manly, Sydney, October 1982
In October 1982 the Australian Transsexual Association (ATA), supported by the Gay Solidarity Group (GSG), staged the first transgender protest in Australia. The protest was held to challenge a recent judgement against two transgender women, who a Magistrate ruled were men. In response NSW Attorney-General said that 'Attorneys-General of the six states had committed to new legislation to recognise the validity of sex changes'.
transsexual, transgender
T-shirt, Real : Visible : Here : Bisexual+ Community Perth, September 2017
This t-shirt was produced for Bisexual Visibility Day 2017, also known as Celebrate Bisexuality Day, which is celebrated on the 23 September.
White short-sleeved t-shirt.
A rectangle on the chest with a vertical bisexual pride flag is overlaid with text in white.
Periodicals, Bifocal, 1994-1996
BAM (Bisexual Awareness in Melbourne) was a group of bisexual individuals and allies that provided information and support for bisexuals, their partners, and friends. BAM provided newsletters, and ran social, discussion, and political groups.
bisexuality, bisexuals
Ephemera, Radicalesbians, Bisexuality [Conference Paper], Radicalesbian Conference, Sorrento, Victoria, 6-8 July 1973, 1973
The attached paper was presented to the Radicalesbian Conference held in Sorrento over the weekend of 6-8 July 1973. Barb Creed presented this paper written by Barb, June, and Jenny. As Chris Sitka notes in her history of the Radicalesbians, the paper was easily the most controversial of the Conference, generating a significant amount of hostility. The implication that many drew from the paper was that 'bisexuality was the really non-sexist form of relating because only bisexuality was breaking down gender divisions.' Participants subsequently highlighted their resentment towards the paper as stemming from the 'fact that we were reclaiming our lesbianism... Meanwhile bisexuals were only trying to reap the privileges of heterosexuality while enjoying benefits of lesbianism.'
radicalesbians, bisexuality
Periodicals, National Biways, 1992-1999
Cover title. Subtitle: National newsletter of the Bisexual Movement in Australia. Produced by the Australian Bisexual Network, incorporating Biways newsletter form Western Australian Bisexual Network.
Ephemera, Strategy Against Right-Wing Attacks (S.A.R.A) [kit], 1980
The Strategy Against Right-Wing Attacks (S.A.R.A) kit was produced by wimmin from around Australia following the 1980 National Wimmin's Conference, Darwin, NT. It includes a fantastic set of papers from a forum on the state of feminism in Australia discussing right-wing attacks on women's organisations, and highlights success stories for attacking back. The kit was meant to be added to through a national network of SARA contacts in each state.
women's liberation movement, lesbian feminism, darwin
Flyer, His own special friend, 1993
Associated text: "Cyclone Productions presents : His own special friend : a two man show by Darwin author Dino Hodge, based on the first chapter of his book : Did you meet any malagas? A homosexual history of Australia's tropical capital. 3 nights only Dec 9, 10, 11, Brown's Mart. In conjunction with the show will be an exhibition of Male nudes and Territory landscapes, by Ian Hanse. Exhibition opens 7:30pm. Performance at 8:30pm. Drinks and copies of the book available.
darwin, gay, aboriginal and torres strait islander


Edmund Spenser. Spenser, Edmund, drawing.
English poet Edmund Spenser was a man of his times, and his work reflects the religious, humanistic, and nationalistic ideals of Elizabethan England. His contributions to English literature—in the form of an enlarged poetic vocabulary, a flexible verse style, and a rich fusing of the philosophic and literary currents of the English Renaissance—make him one of the most influential poets of the English language, and perhaps the single most important poet of the of the sixteenth century.
Educated at Cambridge. Spenser, born in London in or about 1552, was the son of a poor tailor. His early schooling took place at the Merchant Tailors' Free School, where he received an education considered quite progressive by the standards of the day. He studied a humanist curriculum that included the study of English language and literature—an unusual innovation at the time. Spenser excelled in the study of languages in school and in 1569 went to Cambridge University. He studied Italian, French, Latin, and Greek; he read widely in classical and modern literature, and he wrote some Latin verse.
Position of Influence. After completing his studies, Spenser went to the district of Lancashire where he increased his familiarity with local dialects. Shortly after leaving the university, Spenser also spent time in the service of the highly influential Earl of Leicester (Robert Dudley), who was regarded as the head of the Puritan faction of the government. By this time, Elizabeth I was England's ruler, and the earl was her favorite for many years. With the power he wielded at court, the Leicesterled Puritan party desired war with Spain. Puritans wanted to remain with the dominant Church of England— formed by Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII, after breaking with the Roman Catholic Church—but wanted it to be further reformed and distanced from its Catholic roots.
Published First Work. Spenser's first published work was The Shepheardes Calender (1579), which he dedicated to Sidney. This poem, consisting of twelve pastoral eclogues (or conversations between highly idealized shepherds), is full of references to the various political and religious problems of this complex period in British history as various Protestant factions as well as remaining Catholics fought for power and influence. Spenser's time in London was also full of other literary projects, and he was already at work on what would become his greatest achievement, The Faerie Queene (1590, 1596).
Meanwhile, he was also studying law and hoping to secure a position in the civil or diplomatic service. His efforts were rewarded in 1580, when, through the influence of the Earl of Leicester, he was named secretary to Lord Grey, the new Lord Deputy of Ireland. Spenser accompanied Grey to Dublin, and Ireland was to remain Spenser's home for the rest of his life. At this time, the whole of Ireland was controlled by Great Britain. Under the rule of Queen Mary I, Elizabeth's elder sister, the British began wholesale confiscations of Irish land and large plantations of English colonists were formed. This practice continued under Elizabeth and several of her successors.
Completed Part of The Faerie Queen. By 1589, three of the seven cantos of The Faerie Queene were complete. When Sir Walter Raleigh visited the poet that year, he was so impressed with the poet's work that he took Spenser with him back to England, where the cantos were published with an elaborate dedication to Queen Elizabeth (the ''Faerie Queene'' of the title). Spenser's ambition was to write the great English epic. His plan was to compose twelve cantos, each concerned with one of the twelve moral virtues as classified by Greek philosopher Aristotle. Each of these virtues was to be embodied by a knight. Thus, the poem would combine elements of a chivalric romance, a handbook of manners and morals, and an epic poem about the history and character of a nation. The poem can also be read in its historical context as an allegory about the struggle between the Protestant traditions of England and the many threats posed by England's Roman Catholic neighbors.
The publication of the first three cantos of The Faerie Queene met with much acclaim, but in courtly circles Spenser was a still an insignificant figure without an official profession. In 1591, he returned to Ireland, famous but disappointed. His mood at the time may have been expressed by the title of a collection of minor poems he prepared at the time, Complaints: Sundry Small Poems of the World's Vanity (1591).
Poems Inspired by Marriage. Back in Ireland, Spenser wrote the greater part of Colin Clouts come home againe (1595), an idealized poetic autobiography dedicated to Raleigh. It is another allegorical pastoral that recounts Spenser's reception in London and his impressions (mostly negative) of courtly life. Meanwhile, Spenser was courting Elizabeth Boyle, an Anglo-Irish woman of a well-connected family. They were married on June 11, 1594.
His sonnet sequence ''Amoretti'' and his ''Epithalamion'' (both 1595) together form an imaginatively enhanced poetic chronicle of his courtship and marriage. Some of the ''Amoretti'' sonnets were probably written earlier, but Spenser intended this collection to represent the fluctuations and the emotions of his love for his wife. The ''Epithalamion'' is generally acknowledged to rank among the greatest love poems in English. The poem is ingeniously constructed with twenty-four stanzas to represent the twenty-four hours of the wedding day, with many other more subtle parallels.
Named Sheriff of Cork. In 1595, Spenser returned to London and stayed for more than a year. He published three more cantos of The Faerie Queene and several other works, including his View of the Present State of Ireland (1633), a prose tract in which he defended the policies of his earlier patron, Lord Grey, in dealing with rebellious Irish subjects and reforming their government. Spenser eventually did receive his long-awaited government position when he was named sheriff of the Irish county of Cork in 1598. He had hardly taken control of that office when a local political revolt broke out. Spenser's home was burned, and he was forced to flee Cork with his family, which now included four young children.
John Webster (c. 1580-1625): An English dramatist, Webster was popular for his tragedies about bloody revenge stories. While plays such as The White Devil (1612) and The Duchess of Malfi (1613) are not nearly as sophisticated as Shakespeare's tragedies, they are often seen as comparable in their energy and poetic lyricism.
Tomas Luis de Victoria (c. 1548-1611): A Spanish composer who was quite important in his time in Spain. He was also a priest, and his religious music captures much of the evocative mysticism of the Spanish Catholic church.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616): An English playwright who is widely recognized as one of the greatest poets and dramatists in English literature. Shakespeare was enormously innovative, fusing existing stories and historical materials into plays that remain unsurpassed in the originality of their construction and their emotional impact. His plays include Romeo and Juliet (1595) and Julius Caesar (1599).
James I (1566-1625): James was the king of England from 1603 to 1625. He was the king of Scotland when Elizabeth I, the queen of England, died without an heir in 1603. His insistence on the ''divine right of kings,'' or the right of the king to base his personal authority on the will of God, helped to bring about the English Civil War.
Tintoretto (1518-1594), pseudonym of Jacopo Robusti. Tintoretto was one of the most prolific and influential portrait artists in Renaissance Venice. He is famous for his innovations in perspective that give a new dynamism to his paintings of New Testament scenes, including Crucifixion (1565) shown from a side angle and Last Supper (1592-1594) seen from an upper-diagonal angle.
Spenser was a product of the Renaissance (a word that means ''rebirth''), an outburst of artistic and intellectual activity that began around the late fifteenth century, and greatly influenced by its ideas and ideals. One of the results of a confluence of money, reform, exploration, and a revived spirit to carpe diem (''seize the day'') at this time was a cultural movement known as humanism. Humanism shifted the emphasis from the afterlife to this life. The focus was on man in the world, engaged in his civic duty and doing many things well, from poetry to warfare (the ''Renaissance Man'' ideal).
Humanism. Spenser was one of the earliest English Renaissance poets to explore humanist ideas for everything they could contribute to English language and poetry. He was close with the greatest humanists of Elizabeth's court, including the courtier/poet Philip Sidney and the explorer Walter Raleigh. But Spenser was the first to attempt to pull various strands of humanist thought together into a single poem that would combine the best of the past with the controversies and challenges of the present, capturing it all in an epic structure that would assure its permanence for the future.
The Taerie Queene borrows from classical philosophy a vision of love and beauty that operates in parallel harmony on both the human and divine levels. It also shares the classical values of a disciplined analysis of morals and personal responsibility. What Spenser brings to The Taerie Queene from his own time is a strong Protestant sensibility, making all of his heroes embody good Calvinist or Anglican traits and his villains represent the lies of Roman Catholicism. The Taerie Queene is therefore a perfect example of the fusion of classical and Christian ideals that is central to Renaissance humanism.
Poetic Language. The Taerie Queene and The Shepheardes Calender are interesting humanist texts because of their distinctive use of poetic language. Spenser was a student of classical and European languages, and his study was unusual for also including the history of the English language. It had long been assumed that literature written for the ages must be written in Latin, and that if English were to be used, it should certainly avoid unrefined regional dialects that only a limited number of people would understand.
Spenser believed that the English language and the structures of folksongs were capable of poetry on the highest level, and he took a nationalistic pride in the achievement of such medieval poets as Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower. He felt that English (including its regional dialects) had the ability to dignify great poetry, just as great poetry can in turn dignify the evolving language. The unusual and archaic spellings of Spenser's works may seem awkward to modern readers, but in Spenser's day, they were a bold, scholarly, and even patriotic assertion of the poetic capabilities of English speech—especially when used for the most dignified classical form of them all, the epic.
Influence. In his own time, Spenser exerted an influence on English culture that rivaled that of any poet in the language. Such contemporaries as Michael Drayton, Samuel Daniel, and Thomas Lodge were beginning to imitate The Taerie Queene and The Shepheardes Calender, and Spenser's influence continued to grow among writers of the seventeenth century such as Ben Jonson and John Milton. Even more striking, however, is the response of writers in the eighteenth century, during which time scores of poets produced literally hundreds of imitations, adaptations, and continuations of Spenser's works. No other English poet except Milton can claim a greater following among the writers of that period.
By the nineteenth century the flood of imitations in England had narrowed, but it had also grown deeper. Along with Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Milton, Spenser stood as one of the great English sources of inspiration for the Romantic age, providing in The Taerie Queene the quasi-medieval setting, the romance form, the structural patterns, the archaic language, and the mingling of the natural with the supernatural that became the very stuff of Romanticism. Every one of the major Romantic poets was a serious reader of Spenser's works. In England, prose writers such as Sir Walter Scott, Charles Lamb, and George MacDonald were deeply touched by Spenser's work, and in America, where religious sympathies were perhaps closer to Spenser's own devout brand of Protestantism, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville turned to The Taerie Queene for its moral allegory.
Everyman (c. late fifteenth century), a play by an unknown author. This is a ''morality play,'' a form of allegorical drama authorized by the Catholic Church to teach Bible stories and moral lessons to common people. In this perfect example of the genre, the title character, Everyman, receives a summons from Death, but Good Deeds is the only one of his friends—the others include Fellowship, Kindred, Worldly Goods, Beauty—who can go along with him to the final meeting.
''Young Goodman Brown'' (1835), a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In this allegory, set in Puritan New England, a young man has his faith tested during a late- night walk in the woods.
From the sixteenth century to the present day, Spenser's work has maintained a place of distinction in English literature. His masterpiece, The Taerie Queene, was very favorably received upon its publication and has remained popular ever since. While The Shepheardes Calender was also enthusiastically praised by early critics, its popularity waned by the twentieth century, and it is now considered a minor work. Nonetheless, Spenser's importance and his impact on the development of English poetry has been judged incalculable. While twenty-first-century critics generally agree with this judgment, much of the more recent criticism of his work has concentrated on its allegorical aspects and on Spenser's role as a stylistic innovator.
1. Write an essay in which you address these questions: What are the values of heroism seen in the knights of The Taerie Queene? How have they been modified from the medieval sources for a Renaissance audience?
2. Does The Shepheards Calender reflect humanist values, or is the pastoral too idealized and nostalgic a form to contain such progressive ideas? Answer in the form of a an essay.
3. How does structure reinforce meaning in the ''Epithalamion''? How are the years, months, days, and hours represented in the form of the stanzas and in the form of the poem overall? Create a presentation with your conclusions.
4. Spenser used archaic and unusual spellings of words in his works to good effect. Can you think of a contemporary writer that plays with spelling, grammar, or form to the same effect? Research a writer that does this and find out why. Could they, like Spenser, be making a statement about language and speech? How so? Be specific in your analysis in your paper.
Berger, Harry, Jr., ed. Spenser: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1968.
Bradshaw, Brendan, Andrew Hadfield, and Willy Maley, eds. Representing Ireland: Literature and the Origins of Conflict, 1534—1660. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Cavanagh, Sheila T. Wanton Eyes and Chaste Desires: Female Sexuality in ''The Faerie Queene''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.
Hamilton, Donald Cheney, W. F. Blissett, David A.
Richardson, and William W. Barker, eds. The Spenser Encyclopedia. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.
Hieatt, A. Kent. Short Time's Endless Monument: The Symbolism of the Numbers in Edmund Spenser's ''Epithalamion.'' New York: Columbia University Press, 1960.
Johnson, Lynn Staley. ''The Shepheardes Calender'': An Introduction. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990.


National Young Farmers Coalition is looking for a passionate advocate for farmers who can wear many hats – as a fundraiser, manager, coalition builder, and thought leader. We are also looking for an individual who can uphold our commitments to racial and gender equity in agriculture.
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We are very delighted that you have shown interest in our enterprise. Data protection is of a particularly high priority for the management of shapedfonts.com. The use of the Internet pages of shapedfonts.com is possible without any indication of personal data; however, if a data subject wants to use special enterprise services via our website, processing of personal data could become necessary. If the processing of personal data is necessary and there is no statutory basis for such processing, we generally obtain consent from the data subject.
The processing of personal data, such as the name, address, e-mail address, or telephone number of a data subject shall always be in line with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and in accordance with the country-specific data protection regulations applicable to shapedfonts.com. By means of this data protection declaration, our enterprise would like to inform the general public of the nature, scope, and purpose of the personal data we collect, use and process. Furthermore, data subjects are informed, by means of this data protection declaration, of the rights to which they are entitled.
As the controller, shapedfonts.com has implemented numerous technical and organizational measures to ensure the most complete protection of personal data processed through this website. However, Internet-based data transmissions may in principle have security gaps, so absolute protection may not be guaranteed. For this reason, every data subject is free to transfer personal data to us via alternative means, e.g. by telephone.
The data protection declaration of shapedfonts.com is based on the terms used by the European legislator for the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Our data protection declaration should be legible and understandable for the general public, as well as our customers and business partners. To ensure this, we would like to first explain the terminology used.
Philip Trautmann
Heinrich-Hertz-Strasse 26
Email: hi@shapedfonts.com
Website: shapedfonts.com
The Internet pages of shapedfonts.com use cookies. Cookies are text files that are stored in a computer system via an Internet browser.
Through the use of cookies, shapedfonts.com can provide the users of this website with more user-friendly services that would not be possible without the cookie setting.
The website shapedfonts.com collects a series of general data and information when a data subject or automated system calls up the website. This general data and information are stored in the server log files. Collected may be (1) the browser types and versions used, (2) the operating system used by the accessing system, (3) the website from which an accessing system reaches our website (so-called referrers), (4) the sub-websites, (5) the date and time of access to the Internet site, (6) an Internet protocol address (IP address), (7) the Internet service provider of the accessing system, and (8) any other similar data and information that may be used in the event of attacks on our information technology systems.
When using these general data and information, shapedfonts.com does not draw any conclusions about the data subject. Rather, this information is needed to (1) deliver the content of our website correctly, (2) optimize the content of our website as well as its advertisement, (3) ensure the long-term viability of our information technology systems and website technology, and (4) provide law enforcement authorities with the information necessary for criminal prosecution in case of a cyber-attack. Therefore, shapedfonts.com analyzes anonymously collected data and information statistically, with the aim of increasing the data protection and data security of our enterprise, and to ensure an optimal level of protection for the personal data we process. The anonymous data of the server log files are stored separately from all personal data provided by a data subject.
5. Registration on our website
The data subject has the possibility to register on the website of the controller with the indication of personal data. Which personal data are transmitted to the controller is determined by the respective input mask used for the registration. The personal data entered by the data subject are collected and stored exclusively for internal use by the controller, and for his own purposes. The controller may request transfer to one or more processors (e.g. a parcel service) that also uses personal data for an internal purpose which is attributable to the controller.
By registering on the website of the controller, the IP address—assigned by the Internet service provider (ISP) and used by the data subject—date, and time of the registration are also stored. The storage of this data takes place against the background that this is the only way to prevent the misuse of our services, and, if necessary, to make it possible to investigate committed offenses. Insofar, the storage of this data is necessary to secure the controller. This data is not passed on to third parties unless there is a statutory obligation to pass on the data, or if the transfer serves the aim of criminal prosecution.
The registration of the data subject, with the voluntary indication of personal data, is intended to enable the controller to offer the data subject contents or services that may only be offered to registered users due to the nature of the matter in question. Registered persons are free to change the personal data specified during the registration at any time, or to have them completely deleted from the data stock of the controller.
The data controller shall, at any time, provide information upon request to each data subject as to what personal data are stored about the data subject. In addition, the data controller shall correct or erase personal data at the request or indication of the data subject, insofar as there are no statutory storage obligations. A Data Protection Officer particularly designated in this data protection declaration, as well as the entirety of the controller's employees are available to the data subject in this respect as contact persons.
On the website shapedfonts.com, users are given the opportunity to subscribe to our enterprise's newsletter. The input mask used for this purpose determines what personal data are transmitted, as well as when the newsletter is ordered from the controller.
shapedfonts.com informs its customers and business partners regularly by means of a newsletter about enterprise offers. The enterprise's newsletter may only be received by the data subject if (1) the data subject has a valid e-mail address and (2) the data subject registers for the newsletter shipping. A confirmation e-mail will be sent to the e-mail address registered by a data subject for the first time for newsletter shipping, for legal reasons, in the double opt-in procedure. This confirmation e-mail is used to prove whether the owner of the e-mail address as the data subject is authorized to receive the newsletter.
The newsletter of shapedfonts.com contains so-called tracking pixels. A tracking pixel is a miniature graphic embedded in such e-mails, which are sent in HTML format to enable log file recording and analysis. This allows a statistical analysis of the success or failure of online marketing campaigns. Based on the embedded tracking pixel, shapedfonts.com may see if and when an e-mail was opened by a data subject, and which links in the e-mail were called up by data subjects.
Such personal data collected in the tracking pixels contained in the newsletters are stored and analyzed by the controller in order to optimize the shipping of the newsletter, as well as to adapt the content of future newsletters even better to the interests of the data subject. These personal data will not be passed on to third parties. Data subjects are at any time entitled to revoke the respective separate declaration of consent issued by means of the double-opt-in procedure. After a revocation, these personal data will be deleted by the controller. shapedfonts.com automatically regards a withdrawal from the receipt of the newsletter as a revocation.
The website shapedfonts.com contains information that enables a quick electronic contact to our enterprise, as well as direct communication with us, which also includes a general address of the so-called electronic mail (e-mail address). If a data subject contacts the controller by e-mail or via a contact form, the personal data transmitted by the data subject are automatically stored. Such personal data transmitted on a voluntary basis by a data subject to the data controller are stored for the purpose of processing or contacting the data subject. There is no transfer of this personal data to third parties.
9. Comments function in the blog on the website
shapedfonts.com offers users the possibility to leave individual comments on individual blog contributions on a blog, which is on the website of the controller. A blog is a web-based, publicly-accessible portal, through which one or more people called bloggers or web-bloggers may post articles or write down thoughts in so-called blogposts. Blogposts may usually be commented by third parties.
If a data subject leaves a comment on the blog published on this website, the comments made by the data subject are also stored and published, as well as information on the date of the commentary and on the user's (pseudonym) chosen by the data subject. In addition, the IP address assigned by the Internet service provider (ISP) to the data subject is also logged. This storage of the IP address takes place for security reasons, and in case the data subject violates the rights of third parties, or posts illegal content through a given comment. The storage of these personal data is, therefore, in the own interest of the data controller, so that he can exculpate in the event of an infringement. This collected personal data will not be passed to third parties, unless such a transfer is required by law or serves the aim of the defense of the data controller.
10. Routine erasure and blocking of personal data
11. Rights of the data subject
Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to obtain from the controller the confirmation as to whether or not personal data concerning him or her are being processed. If a data subject wishes to avail himself of this right of confirmation, he or she may, at any time, contact our Data Protection Officer or another employee of the controller.
If a data subject wishes to avail himself of this right of access, he or she may at any time contact our Data Protection Officer or another employee of the controller.
If a data subject wishes to exercise this right to rectification, he or she may, at any time, contact our Data Protection Officer or another employee of the controller.
If one of the aforementioned reasons applies, and a data subject wishes to request the erasure of personal data stored by shapedfonts.com, he or she may at any time contact our Data Protection Officer or another employee of the controller. The Data Protection Officer of shapedfonts.com or another employee shall promptly ensure that the erasure request is complied with immediately.
Where the controller has made personal data public and is obliged pursuant to Article 17(1) to erase the personal data, the controller, taking account of available technology and the cost of implementation, shall take reasonable steps, including technical measures, to inform other controllers processing the personal data that the data subject has requested erasure by such controllers of any links to, or copy or replication of, those personal data, as far as processing is not required. The Data Protection Officer of shapedfonts.com or another employee will arrange the necessary measures in individual cases.
If one of the aforementioned conditions is met, and a data subject wishes to request the restriction of the processing of personal data stored by shapedfonts.com, he or she may at any time contact our Data Protection Officer or another employee of the controller. The Data Protection Officer of shapedfonts.com or another employee will arrange the restriction of the processing.
In order to assert the right to data portability, the data subject may at any time contact the Data Protection Officer designated by shapedfonts.com or another employee.
shapedfonts.com shall no longer process the personal data in the event of the objection, unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject, or for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims.
If shapedfonts.com processes personal data for direct marketing purposes, the data subject shall have the right to object at any time to processing of personal data concerning him or her for such marketing. This applies to profiling to the extent that it is related to such direct marketing. If the data subject objects to shapedfonts.com to the processing for direct marketing purposes, shapedfonts.com will no longer process the personal data for these purposes.
In addition, the data subject has the right, on grounds relating to his or her particular situation, to object to processing of personal data concerning him or her by shapedfonts.com for scientific or historical research purposes, or for statistical purposes pursuant to Article 89(1) of the GDPR, unless the processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out for reasons of public interest.
In order to exercise the right to object, the data subject may directly contact the Data Protection Officer of shapedfonts.com or another employee. In addition, the data subject is free in the context of the use of information society services, and notwithstanding Directive 2002/58/EC, to use his or her right to object by automated means using technical specifications.
If the decision (1) is necessary for entering into, or the performance of, a contract between the data subject and a data controller, or (2) it is based on the data subject's explicit consent, shapedfonts.com shall implement suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's rights and freedoms and legitimate interests, at least the right to obtain human intervention on the part of the controller, to express his or her point of view and contest the decision.
If the data subject wishes to exercise the rights concerning automated individual decision-making, he or she may at any time directly contact our Data Protection Officer of shapedfonts.com or another employee of the controller.
f the data subject wishes to exercise the right to withdraw the consent, he or she may at any time directly contact our Data Protection Officer of shapedfonts.com or another employee of the controller.
On this website, the controller has integrated Amazon components as a participant in the Amazon partner program. The Amazon components were created by Amazon with the aim to mediate customers through advertisements on various websites of the Amazon group, in particular Amazon.co.uk, Local.Amazon.co.uk, Amazon.de, BuyVIP.com, Amazon.fr, Amazon.it and Amazon.es in return for the payment of a commission. By using the Amazon components, the controller may generate advertising revenue.
Amazon sets a cookie the information technology system of the data subject. The definition of cookies is explained above. With each single call-up to one of the individual pages of this Internet website, which is operated by the controller and in which an Amazon component was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject will automatically submit data for the purpose of online advertising and the settlement of commissions to Amazon through the respective Amazon component. During the course of this technical procedure, Amazon receives personal information that is used to trace the origin of orders from Amazon, and as a result, to allow the accounting of a commission. Among other things, Amazon may understand that the data subject has clicked on an affiliate link on our website.
The data subject may, as stated above, prevent the setting of cookies through our website at any time by means of a corresponding adjustment of the web browser used, and thus permanently deny the setting of cookies. Such an adjustment to the Internet browser used would also prevent Amazon from setting a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. In addition, cookies already in use by Amazon may be deleted at anytime via a web browser or other software programs.
On this website, the controller has integrated Google AdSense. Google AdSense is an online service which allows the placement of advertising on third-party sites. Google AdSense is based on an algorithm that selects advertisements displayed on third-party sites to match with the content of the respective third-party site. Google AdSense allows an interest-based targeting of the Internet user, which is implemented by means of generating individual user profiles.
The operating company of Google's AdSense component is Alphabet Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351, United States.
The purpose of Google's AdSense component is the integration of advertisements on our website. Google AdSense places a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. The definition of cookies is explained above. With the setting of the cookie, Alphabet Inc. is enabled to analyze the use of our website. With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this Internet site, which is operated by the controller and into which a Google AdSense component is integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject will automatically submit data through the Google AdSense component for the purpose of online advertising and the settlement of commissions to Alphabet Inc. During the course of this technical procedure, the enterprise Alphabet Inc. gains knowledge of personal data, such as the IP address of the data subject, which serves Alphabet Inc., inter alia, to understand the origin of visitors and clicks and subsequently create commission settlements.
The data subject may, as stated above, prevent the setting of cookies through our website at any time by means of a corresponding adjustment of the web browser used and thus permanently deny the setting of cookies. Such an adjustment to the Internet browser used would also prevent Alphabet Inc. from setting a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. Additionally, cookies already in use by Alphabet Inc. may be deleted at any time via a web browser or other software programs.
Furthermore, Google AdSense also uses so-called tracking pixels. A tracking pixel is a miniature graphic that is embedded in web pages to enable a log file recording and a log file analysis through which a statistical analysis may be performed. Based on the embedded tracking pixels, Alphabet Inc. is able to determine if and when a website was opened by a data subject, and which links were clicked on by the data subject. Tracking pixels serve, inter alia, to analyze the flow of visitors on a website.
Google AdSense is further explained under the following link https://www.google.com/intl/en/adsense/start/.
To opt-out of Google Analytics on our website, please visit: https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout/?hl=en-GB
16. Data protection provisions about the application and use of Jetpack for WordPress
On this website, the controller has integrated Jetpack. Jetpack is a WordPress plug-in, which provides additional features to the operator of a website based on WordPress. Jetpack allows the Internet site operator, inter alia, an overview of the visitors of the site. By displaying related posts and publications, or the ability to share content on the page, it is also possible to increase visitor numbers. In addition, security features are integrated into Jetpack, so a Jetpack-using site is better protected against brute-force attacks. Jetpack also optimizes and accelerates the loading of images on the website.
The operating company of Jetpack Plug-Ins for WordPress is the Automattic Inc., 132 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, UNITED STATES. The operating enterprise uses the tracking technology created by Quantcast Inc., 201 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, UNITED STATES.
Jetpack sets a cookie on the information technology system used by the data subject. The definition of cookies is explained above. With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this Internet site, which is operated by the controller and on which a Jetpack component was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject is automatically prompted to submit data through the Jetpack component for analysis purposes to Automattic. During the course of this technical procedure Automattic receives data that is used to create an overview of website visits. The data obtained in this way serves the analysis of the behaviour of the data subject, which has access to the Internet page of the controller and is analyzed with the aim to optimize the website. The data collected through the Jetpack component is not used to identify the data subject without a prior obtaining of a separate express consent of the data subject. The data comes also to the notice of Quantcast. Quantcast uses the data for the same purposes as Automattic.
The data subject can, as stated above, prevent the setting of cookies through our website at any time by means of a corresponding adjustment of the web browser used and thus permanently deny the setting of cookies. Such an adjustment to the Internet browser used would also prevent Automattic/Quantcast from setting a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. In addition, cookies already in use by Automattic/Quantcast may be deleted at any time via a web browser or other software programs.
In addition, the data subject has the possibility of objecting to a collection of data relating to a use of this Internet site that are generated by the Jetpack cookie as well as the processing of these data by Automattic/Quantcast and the chance to preclude any such. For this purpose, the data subject must press the 'opt-out' button under the link https://www.quantcast.com/opt-out/ which sets an opt-out cookie. The opt-out cookie set with this purpose is placed on the information technology system used by the data subject. If the cookies are deleted on the system of the data subject, then the data subject must call up the link again and set a new opt-out cookie.
With the setting of the opt-out cookie, however, the possibility exists that the websites of the controller are not fully usable anymore by the data subject.
The applicable data protection provisions of Automattic may be accessed under https://automattic.com/privacy/. The applicable data protection provisions of Quantcast can be accessed under https://www.quantcast.com/privacy/.
18. Data protection provisions about the application and use of DoubleClick
On this website, the controller has integrated components of DoubleClick by Google. DoubleClick is a trademark of Google, under which predominantly special online marketing solutions are marketed to advertising agencies and publishers.
The operating company of DoubleClick by Google is Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351, UNITED STATES.
DoubleClick by Google transmits data to the DoubleClick server with each impression, clicks, or other activity. Each of these data transfers triggers a cookie request to the data subject's browser. If the browser accepts this request, DoubleClick uses a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. The definition of cookies is explained above. The purpose of the cookie is the optimization and display of advertising. The cookie is used, inter alia, to display and place user-relevant advertising as well as to create or improve reports on advertising campaigns. Furthermore, the cookie serves to avoid multiple display of the same advertisement.
DoubleClick uses a cookie ID that is required to execute the technical process. For example, the cookie ID is required to display an advertisement in a browser. DoubleClick may also use the Cookie ID to record which advertisements have already been displayed in a browser in order to avoid duplications. It is also possible for DoubleClick to track conversions through the cookie ID. For instance, conversions are captured, when a user has previously been shown a DoubleClick advertising ad, and he or she subsequently makes a purchase on the advertiser's website using the same Internet browser.
A cookie from DoubleClick does not contain any personal data. However, a DoubleClick cookie may contain additional campaign IDs. A campaign ID is used to identify campaigns that the user has already been in contact with.
With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this website, which is operated by the controller and on which a DoubleClick component was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject is automatically prompted by the respective DoubleClick component to send data for the purpose of online advertising and billing of commissions to Google. During the course of this technical procedure, Google gains knowledge of any data that Google may use to create commission calculations. Google may, inter alia, understand that the data subject has clicked on certain links on our website.
The data subject may, as stated above, prevent the setting of cookies through our website at any time by means of a corresponding adjustment of the web browser used and thus permanently deny the setting of cookies. Such an adjustment to the Internet browser used would also prevent Google from setting a cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. In addition, cookies already in use by Google may be deleted at any time via a web browser or other software programs.
Further information and the applicable data protection provisions of DoubleClick may be retrieved under DoubleClick by Google https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/.
19. Payment Method: Data protection provisions about the use of PayPal as a payment processor
On this website, the controller has integrated components of PayPal. PayPal is an online payment service provider. Payments are processed via so-called PayPal accounts, which represent virtual private or business accounts. PayPal is also able to process virtual payments through credit cards when a user does not have a PayPal account. A PayPal account is managed via an e-mail address, which is why there are no classic account numbers. PayPal makes it possible to trigger online payments to third parties or to receive payments. PayPal also accepts trustee functions and offers buyer protection services.
The European operating company of PayPal is PayPal (Europe) S.à.r.l. & Cie. S.C.A., 22-24 Boulevard Royal, 2449 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
If the data subject chooses "PayPal" as the payment option in the online shop during the ordering process, we automatically transmit the data of the data subject to PayPal. By selecting this payment option, the data subject agrees to the transfer of personal data required for payment processing.
The personal data transmitted to PayPal is usually first name, last name, address, email address, IP address, telephone number, mobile phone number, or other data necessary for payment processing. The processing of the purchase contract also requires such personal data, which are in connection with the respective order.
The transmission of the data is aimed at payment processing and fraud prevention. The controller will transfer personal data to PayPal, in particular, if a legitimate interest in the transmission is given. The personal data exchanged between PayPal and the controller for the processing of the data will be transmitted by PayPal to economic credit agencies. This transmission is intended for identity and creditworthiness checks.
PayPal will, if necessary, pass on personal data to affiliates and service providers or subcontractors to the extent that this is necessary to fulfill contractual obligations or for data to be processed in the order.
The data subject has the possibility to revoke consent for the handling of personal data at any time from PayPal. A revocation shall not have any effect on personal data which must be processed, used or transmitted in accordance with (contractual) payment processing.
The applicable data protection provisions of PayPal may be retrieved under https://www.paypal.com/us/webapps/mpp/ua/privacy-full.
Before personal data is provided by the data subject, the data subject must contact our Data Protection Officer. Our Data Protection Officer clarifies to the data subject whether the provision of the personal data is required by law or contract or is necessary for the conclusion of the contract, whether there is an obligation to provide the personal data and the consequences of non-provision of the personal data.
This Privacy Policy has been generated by the Privacy Policy Generator of the German Association for Data Protection that was developed in cooperation with RC GmbH, which sells used IT and the filesharing Lawyers from WBS-LAW.
Andere Daten werden automatisch oder nach Ihrer Einwilligung beim Besuch der Website durch unsere IT- Systeme erfasst. Das sind vor allem technische Daten (z. B. Internetbrowser, Betriebssystem oder Uhrzeit des Seitenaufrufs). Die Erfassung dieser Daten erfolgt automatisch, sobald Sie diese Website betreten.
Diese Website wird bei einem externen Dienstleister gehostet (Hoster). Die personenbezogenen Daten, die auf dieser Website erfasst werden, werden auf den Servern des Hosters gespeichert. Hierbei kann es sich v.
a. um IP-Adressen, Kontaktanfragen, Meta- und Kommunikationsdaten, Vertragsdaten, Kontaktdaten, Namen, Websitezugriffe und sonstige Daten, die über eine Website generiert werden, handeln.
Wir setzen folgenden Hoster ein: webgo GmbH
Wandsbeker Zollstr. 95
Abschluss eines Vertrages über Auftragsverarbeitung
Um die datenschutzkonforme Verarbeitung zu gewährleisten, haben wir einen Vertrag über
Auftragsverarbeitung mit unserem Hoster geschlossen.
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This class represents the parameters used for calling the method TagResource on the AWS RoboMaker service. Use the attributes of this class as arguments to method TagResource.
You shouldn't make instances of this class. Each attribute should be used as a named argument in the call to TagResource.


You will always have the same team for house cleaning in Oregon unless something comes up, so they are familiar with your home and you are familiar with them.
What if I can't be there on the day of the cleaning?
No Problem, just let the office know and you can provide us with a key, code to a keypad, place a key somewhere on the property on the day of the clean and we can lock up and leave key inside. Make it Shine is fully insured and bonded and all employees are screened and drug test regularly. All keys and codes are locked in a safe in the office and only carried on the day of service. Keys are not labeled with address on them.
I'm going on vacation, should I cancel my cleaning for that week?
No, our maids in Oregon can still come and we will deactivate your alarm and re-activate it when we leave. For peace of mind you can always confirm with your alarm company that the alarm is active and Make it Shine can also text or email you to let you know that it is on. For added peace of mind the owner Sherri can come out and do this for you.
What kind of vacuum do you use and are there any odors?
We use commercial vacuums, with tripled filtration; they are cleaned and deodorized daily. We do not use our vacuums on any pet soiled areas. Due to liability reasons we will not use customer's vacuums.
I have a lot of valuables and I'm worried about breakage?
Since we are a detailed cleaning company, meaning we don't just clean surfaces, we actually move items and clean behind them. We ask that anything valuable not be left out or cleaned by Make it Shine. If a breakage happens we will notify you immediately and we will either replace item or you can deduct the value from your next cleaning.
For more information about Portland office cleaning and other services, please give us a call today.


Let's be perfectly honest … it is way too easy to speak about the current Luis Suarez situation at Liverpool Football Club with a bunch of useless platitudes about 'cultural differences' and 'language barriers' – something which has been done to death by media-types. So I will try to analyze the situation from a different angle than most of the punditry. To be fair though (regarding culture and language), I was quite ready to give Suarez the benefit of the doubt in the language problems associated with his alleged racial comment to Patrice Evra; it seemed extremely plausible to me that South American Spanish slang would not be readily translatable or understandable to a Frenchman (or the Englishmen who sat in judgment on Suarez for the FA). And therefore, out of consistency, it makes sense that something could have been lost in translation or 'culture' when Suarez went down to the Confederations Cup a couple of weeks ago and began the drama of edging for a move away from the "dreariness of England" and the petulant, repugnant media that prowls the EPL.
If you were to ask me up until now what I thought of Suarez and his stint at LFC, I would have been effusive in my praise of his skill and what he brings to the team, however I would have lamented how he hasn't been given a fair shake by the media or the FA, and I would have been defensive of his … well … loco-ness. I wouldn't go so far as to say that every bit of trouble he's been in is a harsh response by people who don't understand him – that's silliness. But I probably would argue that most of the bile and barbs directed at him are from people who really do not want to see him do well, nor do they want to see him in any way but as a villain.
Villainy, after all, is a very odd happenstance. When you think about all of the people who are in your life – at home, work, school, church, or the stores or restaurants you frequent – how many would you describe as "a villain?" It seems to fall to storybook characters or historical and famous people to be "villainous." But the character of the villain seems to be a necessary ingredient for understanding life; as if our eight year-old selves can't grasp a world where there isn't a Joker to every Batman, a Wet Bandit to every Kevin McAllister, and a Gargomel to every Smurf. All of this means that we may simply manufacture villains for ourselves out of the opponents we face, or the objectionable people that just rub us the wrong way. And it is in that context that Suarez is perfect for non-LFC supporters!
Furthermore, when you factor in that there is a lot of latent hostility to LFC from opposing fans – both in and out of the media – it makes sense that Suarez would be branded a villain simply because he's so good. Which is also why LFC fans (like myself admittedly) have been so ready to overlook or minimize some of his issues. I have never seen anyone in football that can accelerate as quickly as he can over his first two steps. He has an uncanny knack for being able to dribble into three defenders and pop out of the other side with the ball bouncing in front of him and bewildered looks on the faces he left behind. He simply must be the most prolific "nutmeg-er" (kicking the ball between the defenders legs) that has ever played the game. And he has one of the softest outside-of-the-boot shots in the biz. Throw in a bit of never-say-die, give-everything-for-ninety, body-placed-on-the-line, sell-outishness and you've got a villain that turns to hero very quickly for the mesmerized Kopites that watch the telly every week.
That's what he's become for Reds fans: a hero. He's a guy who seems to pop up with important goals … not necessarily by being silky smooth all of the time (he's not Messi), nor by delivering a slaloming run through seven defenders (he's not Neymar), nor even by some pent up, exhibitionist physicality (he's not Cristiano). He delivers because he works hard – an attribute that is simultaneously heralded as eminently Scouse and a throw-back virtue of the great Liverpool teams of Shankly, Paisley, Fagan and Dalglish.
All of this heroism and adopted Scouse-ness makes it so much harder for LFC fans to be calm about Suarez' comments in the media about wanting to move on. They have defended Suarez against unfair (yes, unfair) and unjust (yes, unjust) accusations by an unreliable and ill-tempered Frenchman captain of the evil empire that is Manchester United (See? I can have villains too). They have made allowances for his craziness on the pitch. They have adopted him as a son of the city, a guardian of the crest and a neighbor (probably along the lines of the crackpot one who keeps every newspaper over the years in order to have something to line the cages of his parakeets – but a neighbor nonetheless). For him now to speak out about wanting to leave, when on International duty at the Confederations Cup no less, is therefore a slap on the faces (or bite on the forearms, in this case) of those who have defended and accepted him. It sours the relationship and frays the knots that have been tied between him and the club.
As a fan, it's too easy to dwell on this situation and get mad and hurt … which is silly since he's only one player on a squad of ~25. It is also easy to get mad, hurt or apprehensive because it seems to be a further indication that LFC is not considered a top club by the best players in the world anymore. But when examined for what it is, it is more of an indictment into a key Suarez character flaw – that of disloyalty – to which us Reds fans had insulated ourselves somewhat.
Disloyalty always itches and burns like a splinter under the skin and it can fester if allowed to stay. Therefore my hope is that he is either cut out from the squad (only at a nice, tidy profit for reinvestment purposes though) or that the club is given a dose of immunization to his less charming qualities. Either way, the time when Suarez was viewed as a hero is over and finally we Kopites are seeing some (though certainly not all) of the things which have branded him the perfect villain for the rest of the league.
Loyalty is beautiful and sacred, while no sword cuts as deep as that which belongs to a friend.


Patent holders may consider hitting the "pause" button before enforcing their patents, based on a pair of U.S. Supreme Court decisions that relaxed the standard for awarding fees to the prevailing party in patent litigation. While several news outlets are (correctly) reporting that the Supreme Court rulings will make it easier for lower courts to impose financial penalties on so-called "patent trolls," the facts behind the rulings suggest that the Court's new standard may have an even broader effect.
Section 285 of the Patent Act permits a court to award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party in patent litigation in "exceptional cases." Under the prior standard, a case could only be considered "exceptional" if either (i) there was "misconduct in the conduct of the litigation or in securing the patent," or (ii) the litigation was brought in subjective bad faith and was "objectively baseless." The prior standard also required that that there be "clear and convincing evidence" to declare the case exceptional.
[A]n "exceptional" case is simply one that stands out from the others with respect to the substantive strength of a party's litigating positions . . . or the unreasonable manner in which the case was litigated. District courts may determine whether a case is '"exceptional" in the case-by-case exercise of their discretion.
On the same day as the Octane Fitness decision, the Court applied the new standard in a second case, Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System Inc.
The Court remanded both cases to the lower court for further review, and what happens next can have an even greater effect on patent litigation strategy going forward.
The Highmark case is notable in that the patent holder did not even initiate the litigation. Instead, Highmark filed an action seeking declaratory judgment of invalidity and non-infringement. Allcare counterclaimed that Highmark was infringing three of the claims of the patent. The lower court found in favor of Highmark, and it also found that Allcare's counterclaim assertion of one of the three patent claims was objectively baseless. That single action by Allcare resulted in a $5 million exceptional case award – even though the court found Allcare's allegations relating to the patent's other claims to be reasonable.
The Octane Fitness case is notable in that it is not what one would typically consider to be a "patent troll" case. Icon Health, which produces NordicTrack exercise equipment, sued Octane Fitness for infringement of a patent covering components of an elliptical training machine. The district court found no infringement. Octane Fitness then sought attorney's fees based on Icon's "allegedly unreasonable claim construction positions, its privilege assertions over its pre-suit investigation, and emails allegedly supporting bad faith litigation in an effort to 'go after' Octane." Neither the Federal Circuit nor the district court found any issues with Icon's conduct, and the Federal Circuit suggested that Octane sought attorney's fees to "rebalance what it alleges as the power of large companies over smaller companies in patent infringement litigation." Now that the Supreme Court has remanded this case for reconsideration in view of the new standard, the court could — if it so chooses — alter this result.