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Home » Changing HIV treatment for expecting mums changes more than pills
Health • HIV and AIDS • Public Health and Health Systems • Women's Health
Changing HIV treatment for expecting mums changes more than pills
by Laura Lopez Gonzalez
Madabukela lies in the province's Gert Sibande District, in which about 40 percent of pregnant women are living with HIV.
Written by Laura Lopez Gonzalez
In January, the country will introduce a big change in antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for pregnant women with HIV. Health workers in the Western Cape, which has been operating under the new treatment plan for over a year, warn that the change means more than just pills for expecting mums.
by Laura Lopez Gonzalez, Health-e News

Changing HIV treatment for expecting mums changes more than pills

by Laura Lopez Gonzalez, Health-e News
December 3, 2014

Early next year, all HIV-positive pregnant women will be advised to start life-long ARV as part of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services in an approach known as "Option B+."

Currently, HIV-positive mums with strong immune systems, measured by a CD4 count of 350 or more, only receive ARVs during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding to prevent transmitting the virus to their babies. These women must wait until their CD4 counts falls to start ARVs for life for their own health – except in the Western Cape.

The Western Cape moved to Option B+ in July 2013. Women like Nopinky Matinise have been at the forefront of the roll-out of the new treatment guidelines. The province has also ramped up the number of ARV-providing sites and improved how health care workers track mums and babies.

Matinise was diagnosed HIV positive during her pregnancy in 2012.

"I thought I was dying," says Matinise, who was then linked with the non-profit organisation mothers2mothers. Started in Cape Town, the organisation works across southern Africa to support expecting HIV-positive mums in PMTCT programmes.

"After I met mothers2mothers, I realised I was not dying and I got education," says Matinise, who gave birth to an HIV-negative baby.[quote float="left"]"We started seeing more partners coming because they wanted to know what was happening (and) why now women had to take ARVs for life"

But she could not shake the feeling that other mothers were still out there, scared and trying to cope with their HIV diagnoses while waiting for baby. When the opportunity to become a mother2mother mentor and give PMTCT counselling to other women arose, she grabbed it. She now works as a mothers2mothers site coordinator at Site B in Khayelitsha.

She says the move to Option B+ was a massive change for mums and counsellors.

"It changed the way we did our education generally, one-on-one and in support groups," she tells Health-e News. "We had to make sure our women understood why it was important for them to start ARVs."

It was especially difficult to get women living with HIV, who had gone through one pregnancy already under different guidelines, to understand why they needed to take ARVs for life although they felt healthy, Matinise adds.

Explaining that starting ARVs earlier would help keep them healthier for longer and decrease their risk of opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis helped, she says.

The mentor mum also says that more men piled into waiting rooms to hear more about what Option B+ meant for their partners.

"We started seeing more partners coming because they wanted to know what was happening (and) why now women had to take ARVs for life," she says. "They also wanted to know about themselves asking why, if she was on ARVs for life, why weren't they."

What comes after "you're HIV positive"

Working alongside Matinise at Khayelitsha's Site B is international humanitarian organisation Medicines Sans Frontières (MSF), where MSF Clinical Mentor Manager Dr Mary Ibeto says Option B+ made follow-up, post-ARV initiation counselling more important.

"It's quite a shock, you're pregnant, you find out you're HIV positive and that you have to take treatment for life," says Ibeto, describing the first antenatal care visit at which a woman is diagnosed and must also be started on ARVs. "She needs a lot of support after starting treatment (before) bringing in all the other messages you might need to bring in."

To avoid overwhelming women, MSF starts mums off slowly in counselling, saving more complicated messages about PMTCT for follow up sessions after mums start ARVs.

"In the first session of counselling, counsellors don't go into all that is traditionally done in pre-ARV sessions (but) they focus on supporting women to accept their HIV diagnosis," Ibeto says. "Second to that is creating a written adherence plan on how she is going to take the treatment."

"It's very practical and leaves her walking away with a tool, something that she has written herself," says Ibeto, who adds that the plan outlines what to do if a woman cannot get to a clinic to collect treatment and who will support her in making sure that she takes treatment daily.

To make it work, clinic staff must ensure women get follow-up counselling sessions before leaving the clinic on subsequent visits – and more nurses and midwifes have to be trained to initiate and manage pregnant women on ARVs, Ibeto tells Health-e News.

Read more about MSF's Option B+ experience in Khayelitsha

Lessons from the Western Cape

AIDS lobby group the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) has welcomed the move to Option B+ but is concerned that weak provincial health systems may not be able to cope with an increased demand on ARV services and drugs, according to Portia Serote, the TAC's Women's Sector representative.

Western Cape Department of Health manager for HIV prevention Manjekana Dyeshana, says the province analysed the health system before moving to Option B+ and decided to expand sites that offered ARVs. The province also has a dedicated ARV medicines depot. In countries like Zambia, having a dedicated ARV supply chain has helped to cut down stock-outs.

Both MSF and the Western Cape have also stressed the need for regular viral load testing for pregnant women. Viral load testing measures the amount of HIV in a person's blood and can help detect when mothers are struggling to adhere to treatment, making them more likely to pass the virus onto their babies.

Dyeshana adds that funding, as well as properly trained professional nurses, pharmacists and admin clerks were all key to the roll-out, which has not suffered high drop-out rates of mums on Option B+ as in Malawi. MSF is currently analysing its data to see if the same holds true in the clinics it supports.

Both Ibeto and Dyeshana say one of the biggest lessons learned in the roll out was the need to adapt ARV patient databases to track mums and babies together.

"The lesson learned was that before you start something big and important like this you have to have structures in place," Dyeshana says. "Your monitoring and evaluation tools have to be in order."- Health-e News.

Read more Health-e News coverage of World AIDS Day

This article first appeared on Health-e News and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.
Nurses who are able to initiate and manage pregnant women on ARVs, and integrated antenatal and ARV services will be crucial to the national roll out
Early next year, all HIV-positive pregnant women will be advised to start life-long ARV as part of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services in an approach known as "Option B+."
Currently, HIV-positive mums with strong immune systems, measured by a CD4 count of 350 or more, only receive ARVs during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding to prevent transmitting the virus to their babies. These women must wait until their CD4 counts falls to start ARVs for life for their own health – except in the Western Cape.
The Western Cape moved to Option B+ in July 2013. Women like Nopinky Matinise have been at the forefront of the roll-out of the new treatment guidelines. The province has also ramped up the number of ARV-providing sites and improved how health care workers track mums and babies.
Matinise was diagnosed HIV positive during her pregnancy in 2012.
"I thought I was dying," says Matinise, who was then linked with the non-profit organisation mothers2mothers. Started in Cape Town, the organisation works across southern Africa to support expecting HIV-positive mums in PMTCT programmes.
"After I met mothers2mothers, I realised I was not dying and I got education," says Matinise, who gave birth to an HIV-negative baby.[quote float="left"]"We started seeing more partners coming because they wanted to know what was happening (and) why now women had to take ARVs for life"
But she could not shake the feeling that other mothers were still out there, scared and trying to cope with their HIV diagnoses while waiting for baby. When the opportunity to become a mother2mother mentor and give PMTCT counselling to other women arose, she grabbed it. She now works as a mothers2mothers site coordinator at Site B in Khayelitsha.
She says the move to Option B+ was a massive change for mums and counsellors.
"It changed the way we did our education generally, one-on-one and in support groups," she tells Health-e News. "We had to make sure our women understood why it was important for them to start ARVs."
It was especially difficult to get women living with HIV, who had gone through one pregnancy already under different guidelines, to understand why they needed to take ARVs for life although they felt healthy, Matinise adds.
Explaining that starting ARVs earlier would help keep them healthier for longer and decrease their risk of opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis helped, she says.
The mentor mum also says that more men piled into waiting rooms to hear more about what Option B+ meant for their partners.
"We started seeing more partners coming because they wanted to know what was happening (and) why now women had to take ARVs for life," she says. "They also wanted to know about themselves asking why, if she was on ARVs for life, why weren't they."
What comes after "you're HIV positive"
MSF changed the way it counselled mums, weaving heavier treatment literacy into follow-up counselling sessions (File photo)
Working alongside Matinise at Khayelitsha's Site B is international humanitarian organisation Medicines Sans Frontières (MSF), where MSF Clinical Mentor Manager Dr Mary Ibeto says Option B+ made follow-up, post-ARV initiation counselling more important.
"It's quite a shock, you're pregnant, you find out you're HIV positive and that you have to take treatment for life," says Ibeto, describing the first antenatal care visit at which a woman is diagnosed and must also be started on ARVs. "She needs a lot of support after starting treatment (before) bringing in all the other messages you might need to bring in."
To avoid overwhelming women, MSF starts mums off slowly in counselling, saving more complicated messages about PMTCT for follow up sessions after mums start ARVs.
"In the first session of counselling, counsellors don't go into all that is traditionally done in pre-ARV sessions (but) they focus on supporting women to accept their HIV diagnosis," Ibeto says. "Second to that is creating a written adherence plan on how she is going to take the treatment."
"It's very practical and leaves her walking away with a tool, something that she has written herself," says Ibeto, who adds that the plan outlines what to do if a woman cannot get to a clinic to collect treatment and who will support her in making sure that she takes treatment daily.
To make it work, clinic staff must ensure women get follow-up counselling sessions before leaving the clinic on subsequent visits – and more nurses and midwifes have to be trained to initiate and manage pregnant women on ARVs, Ibeto tells Health-e News.
Read more about MSF's Option B+ experience in Khayelitsha
Lessons from the Western Cape
Both the Western Cape Dept of Health and MSF stress regular viral load monitoring of mums
AIDS lobby group the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) has welcomed the move to Option B+ but is concerned that weak provincial health systems may not be able to cope with an increased demand on ARV services and drugs, according to Portia Serote, the TAC's Women's Sector representative.
Western Cape Department of Health manager for HIV prevention Manjekana Dyeshana, says the province analysed the health system before moving to Option B+ and decided to expand sites that offered ARVs. The province also has a dedicated ARV medicines depot. In countries like Zambia, having a dedicated ARV supply chain has helped to cut down stock-outs.
Both MSF and the Western Cape have also stressed the need for regular viral load testing for pregnant women. Viral load testing measures the amount of HIV in a person's blood and can help detect when mothers are struggling to adhere to treatment, making them more likely to pass the virus onto their babies.
Dyeshana adds that funding, as well as properly trained professional nurses, pharmacists and admin clerks were all key to the roll-out, which has not suffered high drop-out rates of mums on Option B+ as in Malawi. MSF is currently analysing its data to see if the same holds true in the clinics it supports.
Both Ibeto and Dyeshana say one of the biggest lessons learned in the roll out was the need to adapt ARV patient databases to track mums and babies together.
"The lesson learned was that before you start something big and important like this you have to have structures in place," Dyeshana says. "Your monitoring and evaluation tools have to be in order."– Health-e News.
Read more Health-e News coverage of World AIDS Day
Option B PMTCT
Treatment Action Campaign pickets Mpumalanga Clinic
HIV activists reflect on 10 years of treatment
Laura Lopez Gonzalez
Laura Lopez Gonzalez was the Print Editor of Health-e News Service.
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As covered by last night's Sunday programme, now in his 80s, Cliff Robinson still catches fish to help feed his family. He has looked after his own disabled children for 50 years.
Mr Robinson is clearly a loving parent who has spent 50 years looking after his disabled children. In doing so, he has demonstrated everything a National government is meant to believe in: personal responsibility, family values, parental love, self-help and individualism.
The Ministry's actions in not backdating the $160 per week they cut from the Robinsons, and other families in the Funded Family Care Scheme, shows how skewiff the Ministry's priorities are. Wellington bureaucrats can find billions for corporate welfare, millions for questionable arts and sports sponsorships (including funding of America's cup, and golf tournaments), and even fit out offices with $140,000 television screens, but penny-pinch those in the community most in need and deserving.
People like Mr Robinson should be given an award, not shafted by the Government. Even just in financial terms, his decision to dedicate his life to caring for his two children would have saved the taxpayer millions. The very least we can do is help him enough so he doesn't need to worry about putting food on the table.
This is what makes government wasting taxpayers money so immoral. If we don't have a public welfare and health system to support cases like this, why do they exist at all?
We call on the Ministry of Health to backdate the $160 per week they cut from the Robinsons, and other families in the same situation, which the Ombudsman concluded was 'unreasonable' and 'unfair'.


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Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice Review
Hel's Bells
Developer: Ninja Theory   Publisher: Ninja Theory   Platform: PS4/Xbox One/PC
By Jordan Garcia on August 13, 2017
Two words: "Hauntingly Beautiful"
Indie developers have produced some of my favourite titles in recent years. Salt & Sanctuary would be one of the most notable ones as I spent a ridiculous amount of hours in that game. That being said, Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice is one that I have been following and anticipating for a while now. Made by Ninja Theory – the team behind Heavenly Sword, Enslaved: Odyssey to the West and DmC: Devil May Cry – Hellblade was part of the developer's proposal for a AAA indie game. What that essentially means is that it has the budget of an indie game while boasting the production values of a AAA title. To me, this was a really interesting idea and if there was any team that would be able to pull this off, it was Ninja Theory – and what a job they did.
Based around Celtic and Norse mythology, Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice follows the tale of a young woman named Senua and her quest to retrieve the soul of her late love, Dillion. As she ventures to Hel to retrieve the soul of her beloved, Senua is at war with not only the legions of Hel, but also wrestles with the darkness that has been placed inside her since she was a child. It's immediately clear that something isn't quite right with Senua, as you hear various voices inside her head, which are echoes of her descent into an ever-intensifying psychosis. It's at this point where I should point out that you are really doing the game and yourself an injustice if you aren't playing with some form of headphones, as the sound design for Senua's psychotic voices is incredible and makes the experience an incredibly unique one.
I find the game's premise to be interesting, and not only does it draw from mythology that has been criminally underutilised, it approaches Senua as a character in a way that we don't often see in gaming. Ninja Theory have brilliantly given players a female lead that shows both strength and frailty. Senua shows fierce loyalty to both her love and her quest (which coincide) and as she progresses to the end of her quest you slowly witness her sanity deteriorate but her resilience becomes more and more prominent at the same time. One of the big factors to the experience of playing as Senua is the voices that her psychosis imposes on you. As you traverse various environments and solve various puzzles, you will hear multiple voices saying things that contradict one another. Some encourage you, others tear you down. Some shout while others whisper and it's this internal contradiction that not only gives people some minor insight as to what it's like to suffer from psychosis but also adds depth and meaning to the way that Senua struggles through her trials.
In terms of gameplay, Hellblade takes the less is more approach to things. The screen is completely stripped of any HUD elements and that is a feature I really have to admire. One thing I've grown to dislike about a lot of modern games is that the developers seem set on shoving as much garbage on the screen as possible. Some developers like Visceral and Nintendo have found ways around this where vital HUD elements are instead displayed as bars attached to the player character's back (Dead Space/Splatoon), but for the most part, we're forced to look at junk that covers a sizeable portion of the screen. Hellblade doesn't even give you a health bar, but don't be fooled into thinking that means you can't run out of health.
Hellblade's combat is most easily compared to the combat that the Soulsborne games have, however it is nowhere near as punishing. You have your basic light and heavy attacks, a block/parry, dodging and guard breaks. The game doesn't tell you this though (which I love), it leaves you to your own devices to figure this out when you encounter your first enemy. When it comes to difficulty, Hellblade isn't very difficult. I played on hard and the only times I ever died were when I failed hazardous puzzles or when I was supposed to die, and I never fell in combat. The simplicity of the combat leaves it very open to be exploited. Almost every attack that enemies threw at me could be parried, which automatically triggered focus in the later stages of the game. Focus essentially puts the world into slow motion and leaves enemies vulnerable to a flurry of attacks. If I had to summarise the combat quickly, I'd probably describe it as a little too forgiving. However, that could just be the part of me that likes to butt my head against a wall for hours.
Hellblade's mid-length campaign (which lasts for about 8-10 hours, depending on the player) features a variety of puzzles. Some of these are relatively basic in design but work well, while others have some brilliantly clever mechanics. There is one type of puzzle which remains a constant through the entirety of the campaign and that's the rune puzzle. In basically every chapter of the game you will encounter a door that has one or more runes on them which block your progress. Once you have focused on these runes you will then have to venture out into the nearby area to find depictions of that same rune. The depictions can be shadows, reflections or just objects that take the shape of the rune when aligned properly. Some of these puzzles are harder than others, but by no means should they be overly vexing. The simplicity of the design makes it very easy to solve these puzzles but just as easy to miss the answers completely.
If you were to just look at Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice, you wouldn't think that an indie developer had made it, and is definitely one of the prettier games that I've played. It utilises the best parts of Unreal Engine 4 (the same engine that powers many AAA titles such as Gears of War 4), and the excellent art design perfectly complements the sheer graphical fidelity that this title features. Players on the PS4 Pro can also have an upgraded resolution with the game running at 1440p on the updated hardware. As mentioned previously, the sound design also helps immerse the player in the atmosphere that Hellblade's visuals set, but there's not too much I can say about the sound design without spoiling some stuff. However, as someone who is a bit of an audiophile, Hellblade was certainly a treat.
I played the game on my PC at 4K with the highest settings and the game never dipped below 60 frames per second while v-sync was active. When v-sync was off the framerate shot up to about 150 frames per second, but I don't have a monitor that would support a framerate this high, plus turning v-sync off would put me at risk of screen tearing (though I didn't notice any for the time that it was off). However, where things got weird was when I changed my display from my monitor to my 4K HDR TV. When hooked up to that display, the game sat at around 45 frames per second at 4K with the highest settings. I have my suspicions that HDR was activated which modified the lighting, but from what I can garner full HDR support wasn't put in the game. It should be noted that Ninja Theory was planning to add support for it in a future update, though that may just be for the PS4. For reference, my computer was running an i7 7700K clocked at 4.6 GHz and a GTX 1080 Ti clocked at 1708 MHz and 16GB of 3000 MHz RAM. From my time playing it on my regular PS4, the game runs at a very stable and well optimised 30fps, while on the Pro it runs at 60fps when in 1080p. Ninja Theory's optimisation team should give themselves a pat on the back for a job well done, though it's a pity the regular PS4 can't hit 60fps.
Review PC specs
Motherboard: Gigabyte Z270-Gaming K3
CPU: i7 7700K
GPU: Gigabyte AORUS GTX 1080 Ti
Memory: G.Skill Trident Z RGB 16GB (2x8GB)
Cooling: Corsair H100i v2
I didn't know what to expect from Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice, but what was given to me was one of the most unique experiences that I have ever had from a game. Ninja Theory have displayed that they have what it takes to change the indie gaming scene. They truly bridged the gap between indie and AAA and this is only the beginning. Striking a balance between superb visuals, outstanding sound design, excellent character writing and a well written story which spans wonderfully rich Celtic and Norse mythology, Hellblade will go down as one of my favourite games of this generation and perhaps even longer than that. Well done, Ninja Theory. You deserve more accolades than this humble reviewer could possibly give.
Reviewed on PC and PS4
Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice Ninja Theory pc ps4 PS4 Pro enhanced
Excellent story and character design
Outstanding audiovisuals which create an intense atmosphere
Great optimisation
Simple yet thrilling combat
Combat towards the the end of the game gets very easy, even on hard
Bloody Ripper
Jordan Garcia
Jordan lives and breathes Dark Souls, even though his favourite game is Bloodborne. He takes pride in bashing his face on walls and praising the sun. Hailing from the land of tacos, he is the token minority for WellPlayed.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In a small saucepan of boiling water blanch basil 2 seconds and drain in a sieve. Rinse basil under cold water to stop cooking and pat dry on paper towels.
Put 2 tenders side by side and wrap 7 basil leaves around them to enclose them. Season remainder of whole breast with salt and pepper and put basil-wrapped tenders lengthwise down middle of 1 breast half. Fold other breast half over to enclose tenders.
Remove tenders from remaining 2 chicken breasts and stuff and wrap breasts in same manner. Sprinkle crushed peppercorns evenly over bacon wrappings.
Heat a 9- to 10-inch cast-iron skillet over moderately high heat until hot. Sliding a metal spatula under wrapped chicken breasts to keep bacon intact, transfer 2 breasts, undersides down, to skillet. Cook chicken, turning it only after bacon on underside is golden, until bacon is golden and crisp on all sides, about 4 minutes total. Transfer chicken as browned to a plate and cook remaining breast in same manner.
A classic sandwich that is guaranteed to satisfy, whether served as a weekend lunch or an easy weeknight supper.


text:
Max Planck (1858-1947), een Duits natuurkundige
Naar hem werden vernoemd:
constante van Planck, een natuurkundige constante in de kwantummechanica
planckdeeltje, het kleinst mogelijke deeltje
planck-eenheden, eenheden gebaseerd op natuurconstanten
Planck Observatory, deze satelliet meet de kosmische achtergrondstraling
verdelingswet van Planck
Fokker-Planck-vergelijking

De Plank (De Planck), een gehucht in de Voerstreek in België

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Anatololacerta danfordi est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Lacertidae.

Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique du Sud de la Turquie.

Description
Dans sa description Günther indique que le plus grand des spécimens en sa possession mesure environ  sans la queue. Son dos, recouvert de petites granules rondes, est vert olive avec des taches noires, celles-ci étant plus nombreuses sur ses flancs, sa tête et sa gorge et étant clairsemées sur le dos et l'abdomen.

Cette espèce terrestre vie dans des zones rocheuses ou boisées. Les femelles pondent de 3 à 8 œufs.

Taxinomie
Les sous-espèces Anatololacerta danfordi pelasgiana et Anatololacerta danfordi anatolica ont été élevées au rang d'espèce. Anatololacerta danfordi oertzeni est considérée comme un synonyme de Anatololacerta anatolica après avoir été considérée comme une espèce valide.

Les sous-espèces Anatololacerta danfordi bileki et Lacerta danfordi ibrahimi ont été placées en synonymie avec Anatololacerta danfordi par Bellati, Carranza, Garcia-Porta, Fasola et Sindaco en 2014 et les sous-espèces Anatololacerta danfordi quanttaylori et Anatololacerta danfordi pentanisiensis avec Anatololacerta pelasgiana.

Étymologie
Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Charles George Danford (1843–1928) qui a capturé plusieurs spécimens à une altitude d'environ .

Publication originale
 Günther, 1876 : Description of a new species of lizard from Asia Minor. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Saurien (nom scientifique)
Lacertidae
Faune endémique de Turquie


text:
Q: Mounting ddrescue image after recovery (in over my head) I'm having problems mounting the recovery image. I've tried to mount the image multiple ways.
quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -t ext4 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /mnt
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so

quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -r -o loop /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img recover
mount: you must specify the filesystem type

quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img mnt
mount: you must specify the filesystem type

It doesn't even give me detailed information on the file I just made, nautilus says it's 160gb.
quark@DS9 ~ $ file /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img
/media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img: data

quark@DS9 ~ $ mmls /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img
        Cannot determine partition type

I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong or if I started this process incorrectly from the beginning. I've outlined what I've done so far below. I'm clueless, I'd appreciate if someone had some input for me.
What I have done from the beginning
My laptop has two hard drives.
One has the dual boot Win7 / Linux Mint system files.
Secondary one contained my /home folder.
The laptop was jarred and the /home disk was broken.
I tried a LiveCD recovery, it failed. Wouldn't even load a Live session with the disk installed.
So I turned to ddrescue.
quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009fc18

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   112642047    56320000    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2       138033152   312580095    87273472   83  Linux
/dev/sda3       112644094   138033151    12694529    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       112644096   132173823     9764864   83  Linux
/dev/sda6       132175872   138033151     2928640   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0002a8ea

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *          63   312576704   156288321   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xed6d054b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1              63  1953520064   976760001    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

*

*sda - 160g internal, holds all system files and all computer
functions.

*sdb - 160g internal, BROKEN, contains about 140g of data I'd like
to recover.

*sdc - 1T external, contains recovery image. Only place that has space
to do all this.

From this site, https://apps.education.ucsb.edu/wiki/Ddrescue
I used this script to create an image of the broken hard drive. I changed the destination to the external USB drive.
#!/bin/sh

prt=sdb1
src=/dev/$prt
dst=/media/jump1/1recover/$prt.img
log=$dst.log

sudo time ddrescue --no-split $src $dst $log
sudo time ddrescue --direct --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log
sudo time ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log

Everything looked like it came off without a hitch:
quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo bash recover1

Press Ctrl-C to interrupt
Initial status (read from logfile)
rescued:         0 B,  errsize:       0 B,  errors:       0
Current status
rescued:   160039 MB,  errsize:    4096 B,  current rate:    35588 B/s
   ipos:      3584 B,   errors:       1,    average rate:   22859 kB/s
   opos:      3584 B,     time from last successful read:       0 s
Finished
12.78user 1060.42system 1:56:41elapsed 15%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k
312580958inputs+0outputs (1major+601minor)pagefaults 0swaps

Press Ctrl-C to interrupt
Initial status (read from logfile)
rescued:   160039 MB,  errsize:    4096 B,  errors:       1
Current status
rescued:   160039 MB,  errsize:    1024 B,  current rate:        0 B/s
   ipos:      1536 B,   errors:       1,    average rate:       13 B/s
   opos:      1536 B,     time from last successful read:     1.3 m
Finished
0.00user 0.00system 3:43.95elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k
238inputs+0outputs (3major+374minor)pagefaults 0swaps

Press Ctrl-C to interrupt
Initial status (read from logfile)
rescued:   160039 MB,  errsize:    1024 B,  errors:       1
Current status
rescued:   160039 MB,  errsize:    1024 B,  current rate:        0 B/s
   ipos:      1536 B,   errors:       1,    average rate:        0 B/s
   opos:      1536 B,     time from last successful read:     3.7 m
Finished
0.00user 0.00system 3:43.56elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k
8inputs+0outputs (0major+376minor)pagefaults 0swaps

It looks like, from where I'm standing it worked perfectly. Here's the log:
# Rescue Logfile. Created by GNU ddrescue version 1.14
# Command line: ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 /dev/sdb1 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img.log
# current_pos  current_status
0x00000600     +
#      pos        size  status
0x00000000  0x00000400  +
0x00000400  0x00000400  -
0x00000800  0x254314FC00  +

I'm not sure how to proceed. Does this mean all of my data is lost????????
Appreciate ANY input!

A: I found the solution, and feel kind of foolish for missing this. Thank you guys so much for your responses!
I checked the image for errors and then it mounted with no problem!
sudo fsck -y /dev/sda2/backup.img

It fixed the errrors then it mounted no problem with:
sudo mount /dev/sda2/backup.img /mnt/recoverydata

A: The image you created will contain all the faults your original disk has. Therefore you likely can't mount or read it. The way to proceed is to load this image into your favourite data recovery tool.
We have good experience with Testdisk/PhotoRec but there are other tools worth mentioning, e.g. Foremost.
See also:

*

*How to recover deleted files?

*Testdisk guide

*PhotoRec guide

A: Here's what I had to do in a similar situation - in case someone stumbles upon this question like I did.
My image also wouldn't mount, generating the same error (bad superblock). However, fsck also failed with the following error:
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
fsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
fsck.ext2: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /mnt/download/rescue.img

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>

After reading through DataRecovery (link provided by Takkat, thanks!), I tried the following and it worked:
apt-get install sleuthkit
mmls /path/to/image

This produced the following output:
DOS Partition Table
Offset Sector: 0
Units are in 512-byte sectors

     Slot    Start        End          Length       Description
00:  Meta    0000000000   0000000000   0000000001   Primary Table (#0)
01:  -----   0000000000   0000000062   0000000063   Unallocated
02:  00:00   0000000063   2930272064   2930272002   Linux (0x83)
03:  -----   2930272065   2930277167   0000005103   Unallocated

I then multiplied 63 by 512 to get 32256 and mounted the image like this:
mount -o loop,offset=32256 /path/to/image /mnt/temp

I hope this helps someone else too.

A: In addition to Takkat's answer, I'd like to suggest another possible approach. Considering that your image is almost certainly damaged, there may be some data that data recovery tools can't adequately recover.
SpinRite addresses this problem in a different way. Rather than operating off an image, it exercises the disk in order to get more data off it than normal tools can recover. I've used it to significantly increase the amount of recoverable data. If you're lucky, you'll be able to mount your disk normally afterward for long enough to make a proper backup.
SpinRite does come with a major disadvantage, though. It costs a fair amount of money. If the other tools work for you, than save your money. But if you need more, SpinRite is definitely worth a try.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Thank you, Northern Europe
UNHCR's Regional Representative thanks the countries in Northern Europe for strong and important contributions at the first ever Global Refugee Forum.
Statement from UNHCRs Regional Representative for Northern Europe, Henrik M. Nordentoft, after the first ever Global Refugee Forum, which took place in Geneva 16 to 18 December 2019:
"Countries in Northern Europe are strong partners to UNHCR. They have traditionally been deeply engaged in ensuring protection and assistance to refugees, both at home and around the world, as well as in finding solutions and promoting human rights.
At this first and historic Global Refugee Forum, UNHCR is encouraged to see the Nordic countries and Baltic States continuing to uphold this important role, engaging and contributing actively at the Forum, and thus translating responsibility-sharing and solidarity into concrete commitments of support.
It has been impressive and inspiring to see the range and number of stakeholders mobilized in Northern Europe: Governments, NGOs, the private sector, academia and many others who have pledged concrete and bold commitments, established new partnerships across sectors and borders and announced significant financial contributions. The many contributors from our region will help improve the lives and futures of refugees as well as strengthen the much needed support to the communities hosting them.
More than 770 pledges have been made at the Global Refugee Forum, including commitments to create jobs and school places for refugees, to increase resettlement quotas, and to support solutions in areas such as clean energy, infrastructure, capacity building and better support to host countries. A full list can be found at the dashboard here.
Emphasizing the importance of always involving refugees in discussions on how best to develop comprehensive responses to their situation, we have been pleased to see that refugees, including from our region, have been playing a central role as active participants at the Global Refugee Forum, contributing with perspectives and knowledge.
UNHCR is also proud to see that several good practices from the Nordic countries have been showcased at the Global Refugee Forum, highlighting positive experiences and hopefully inspiring others to create and develop more innovative solutions to benefit refugees and host communities.
With the majority of the world's refugees being hosted in the developing world, including in some of the poorest countries – and with serious gaps in refugees' access to education and livelihoods – the challenges are obvious. And the need for a more sustainable and predictable international response and approach is crucial.
It has been truly encouraging to see that the international community, including stakeholders in the Nordics and Baltics, have seized the unique opportunity of the Global Refugee Forum to step up, join hands and take action.
Now, it falls on us all to ensure, that these numerous and vital commitments translate into the promised improvements for refugees and host communities around the world.
See an overview of some of the pledges from stakeholders in the Nordics and Baltics here.
See good practices from the countries in Northern Europe here.
UNHCR Global website


Western Ghats also known as Sahyadri (Benevolent Mountains) is a mountain range that covers an area of 140,000 km² in a stretch of 1,600 km parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, traverse the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight "hottest hot-spots" of biological diversity in the world. It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India. It is a biodiversity hotspot that contains a large proportion of the country's flora and fauna; many of which are only found in India and nowhere else in the world. According to UNESCO, Western Ghats are older than Himalayan mountains. It also influences Indian monsoon weather patterns by intercepting the rain-laden monsoon winds that sweep in from the south-west during late summer. The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. A total of thirty-nine areas including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites - twenty in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.
The range starts near the Songadh town of Gujarat, south of the Tapti river, and runs approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending at Marunthuvazh Malai, at Swamithope, near the southern tip of India. These hills cover 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) and form the catchment area for complex riverine drainage systems that drain almost 40% of India. The Western Ghats block southwest monsoon winds from reaching the Deccan Plateau. The average elevation is around 1,200 m (3,900 ft).
The area is one of the world's ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots" and has over 7,402 species of flowering plants, 1,814 species of non-flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, 179 amphibian species, 6,000 insects species and 290 freshwater fish species; it is likely that many undiscovered species live in the Western Ghats. At least 325 globally threatened species occur in the Western Ghats.
The word ghat is explained by numerous Dravidian etymons such as Kannada gaati (mountain range), Tulu gatta(hill or hillside) Tamil kattu (side of a mountain, dam, ridge, causeway) and Telugu katta and gattu (dam, embankment).
Ghat, a term used in the Indian subcontinent, depdending on the context could either refer to a range of stepped-hill such as Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats; or the series of steps leading down to a body of water or wharf, such bathing or cremation place along the banks of a river or pond, Ghats in Varanasi, Dhoby Ghaut or Aapravasi Ghat. Roads passing through ghats are called Ghat Roads.
The Western Ghats are the mountainous faulted and eroded edge of the Deccan Plateau. Geologic evidence indicates that they were formed during the break-up of the supercontinent of Gondwana some 150 million years ago. Geophysical evidence indicates that the west coast of India came into being somewhere around 100 to 80 mya after it broke away from Madagascar. After the break-up, the western coast of India would have appeared as an abrupt cliff some 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in elevation. Basalt is the predominant rock found in the hills reaching a thickness of 3 km (2 mi). Other rock types found are charnockites, granite gneiss, khondalites, leptynites, metamorphic gneisses with detached occurrences of crystalline limestone, iron ore, dolerites and anorthosites. Residual laterite and bauxite ores are also found in the southern hills.
The Western Ghats extend from the Satpura Range in the north, stretching from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu. It traverses south through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala. Major gaps in the range are the Goa Gap, between the Maharashtra and Karnataka sections, and the Palghat Gap on the Tamil Nadu and Kerala border between the Nilgiri Hills and the Anaimalai Hills. The mountains intercept the rain-bearing westerly monsoon winds, and are consequently an area of high rainfall, particularly on their western side. The dense forests also contribute to the precipitation of the area by acting as a substrate for condensation of moist rising orographic winds from the sea, and releasing much of the moisture back into the air via transpiration, allowing it to later condense and fall again as rain.
The northern portion of the narrow coastal plain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea is known as the Konkan, the central portion is called Kanara and the southern portion is called Malabar. The foothill region east of the Ghats in Maharashtra is known as Desh, while the eastern foothills of the central Karnataka state is known as Malenadu. The range is known as Sahyadri in Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Western Ghats meets the Eastern Ghats at Nilgiris in northwestern Tamil Nadu. Nilgiris connects Biligiriranga Hills in southeastern Karnataka with the Shevaroys and Tirumala hills. South of the Palghat Gap are the Anamala Hills, located in western Tamil Nadu and Kerala with smaller ranges further south, including the Cardamom Hills, then Aryankavu pass, Aralvaimozhi pass near Kanyakumari. The range is known as Sahyan or Sahian in Kerala. In the southern part of the range is Anamudi (2,695 metres (8,842 ft)), the highest peak in Western Ghats.
Western Ghats has many peaks that rise above 2,000 meters with Anamudi (2,695 m (8,842 ft)) being the highest peak.
The Western Ghats form one of the four watersheds of India, feeding the perennial rivers of India. The major river systems originating in the Western Ghats are Godavari, Kaveri, Krishna, Thamiraparani and Tungabhadra. The majority of streams draining the Western Ghats join these rivers, and carry large volume of water during the monsoon months. These rivers flow to the east due to the gradient of the land and drain out into the Bay of Bengal. Major tributaries include Kali, Bhadra, Bhavani, Bhima, Malaprabha, Ghataprabha, Hemavathi and Kabini. The Periyar, Bharathappuzha, Pamba, Netravati, Sharavathi, Mandovi and Zuari rivers flow westwards towards the Western Ghats, draining into the Arabian Sea and are fast-moving, owing to the steeper gradient.
During the monsoon season, numerous streams fed by incessant rain drain off the mountain sides leading to numerous waterfalls. Major waterfalls include Dudhsagar, Unchalli, Sathodi, Magod, Hogenakkal, Jog, Kunchikal, Shivanasamudra, Meenmutty Falls, Athirappilly Falls. Talakaveri is the source of the river Kaveri and the Kuduremukha range is the source of the Tungabhadra. Western Ghats have several man-made lakes and reservoirs with major lakes at Ooty (34 hectares (84 acres)) in Nilgiris, Kodaikanal (26 hectares (64 acres)) and Berijam in Palani Hills, Pookode lake, Karlad Lake in Wayanad, Vagamon lake, Devikulam (6 hectares (15 acres)) and Letchmi (2 hectares (4.9 acres)) in Idukki, Kerala.
Climate in the Western Ghats varies with altitudinal gradation and distance from the equator. The climate is humid and tropical in the lower reaches tempered by the proximity to the sea. Elevations of 1,500 m (4,921 ft) and above in the north and 2,000 m (6,562 ft) and above in the south have a more temperate climate. Average annual temperature is around 15 °C (59 °F). In some parts frost is common, and temperatures touch the freezing point during the winter months. Mean temperature range from 20 °C (68 °F) in the south to 24 °C (75 °F) in the north. It has also been observed that the coldest periods in the South Western Ghats coincide with the wettest.
During the monsoon season between June and September, the unbroken Western Ghats chain acts as a barrier to the moisture laden clouds. The heavy, eastward-moving rain-bearing clouds are forced to rise and in the process deposit most of their rain on the windward side. Rainfall in this region averages 300 centimetres (120 in) to 400 centimetres (160 in) with localised extremes touching 900 centimetres (350 in). The eastern region of the Western Ghats which lie in the rain shadow, receive far less rainfall of about 100 centimetres (39 in) resulting in an average rainfall of 250 centimetres (98 in) across regions. The total amount of rain does not depend on the spread of the area with areas in northern Maharashtra receiving heavy rainfall followed by long dry spells, while regions closer to the equator receive less annual rainfall and have rain spells lasting several months in a year.
The Western Ghats are home to four tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregions – the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, North Western Ghats montane rain forests, South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, and South Western Ghats montane rain forests. The northern portion of the range is generally drier than the southern portion, and at lower elevations makes up the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion, with mostly deciduous forests made up predominantly of teak. Above 1,000 meters elevation are the cooler and wetter North Western Ghats montane rain forests, whose evergreen forests are characterised by trees of family Lauraceae.
The evergreen forests in Wayanad mark the transition zone between the northern and southern ecologic regions of the Western Ghats. The southern ecologic regions are generally wetter and more species-rich. At lower elevations are the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, with Cullenia the characteristic tree genus, accompanied by teak, dipterocarps, and other trees. The moist forests transition to the drier South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests, which lie in its rain shadow to the east. Above 1,000 meters are the South Western Ghats montane rain forests, also cooler and wetter than the surrounding lowland forests, and dominated by evergreen trees, although some montane grasslands and stunted forests can be found at the highest elevations. The South Western Ghats montane rain forests are the most species-rich ecologic region in peninsular India; eighty percent of the flowering plant species of the entire Western Ghats range are found in this ecologic region.
Historically the Western Ghats were well-covered in dense forests that provided wild foods and natural habitats for native tribal people. Its inaccessibility made it difficult for people from the plains to cultivate the land and build settlements. After the arrival of the British in the area, large swathes of territory were cleared for agricultural plantations and timber. The forest in the Western Ghats has been severely fragmented due to human activities, especially clear felling for tea, coffee, and teak plantations during 1860 to 1950. Species that are rare, endemic and habitat specialists are more adversely affected and tend to be lost faster than other species. Complex and species rich habitats like the tropical rainforest are much more adversely affected than other habitats.
The area is ecologically sensitive to development and was declared an ecological hotspot in 1988 through the efforts of ecologist Norman Myers. The area covers five percent of India's land with 27% of all species of higher plants in India (4,000 of 15,000 species) are found here and 1,800 of these are endemic to the region. The range is home to at least 84 amphibian species, 16 bird species, seven mammals, and 1,600 flowering plants which are not found elsewhere in the world. The Government of India established many protected areas including 2 biosphere reserves, 13 National parks to restrict human access, several wildlife sanctuaries to protect specific endangered species and many Reserve Forests, which are all managed by the forest departments of their respective state to preserve some of the ecoregions still undeveloped. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve comprising 5,500 square kilometres (2,100 sq mi) of the evergreen forests of Nagarahole and deciduous forests of Bandipur in Karnataka, adjoining regions of Wayanad-Mukurthi in Kerala and Mudumalai National Park-Sathyamangalam in Tamil Nadu forms the largest contiguous protected area in the Western Ghats. Silent Valley in Kerala is among the last tracts of virgin tropical evergreen forest in India.
In August 2011, the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) designated the entire Western Ghats as an Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) and assigned three levels of Ecological Sensitivity to its different regions. The Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, headed by ecologist Madhav Gadgil, was a committee appointed by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests to assess the biodiversity and environmental issues of the Western Ghats. Gadgil Committee and its successor Kasturirangan Committee recommended suggestions to protect the Western Ghats. Gadgil report was criticized as being too environment-friendly and Kasturirangan report was labelled as being anti-environmental.
The Western Ghats are home to thousands of animal species including at least 325 globally threatened species.
There are at least 139 mammal species. Of the 16 endemic mammals, 13 are threatened and amongst the 32 threatened species include the critically endangered Malabar large-spotted civet, the endangered lion-tailed macaque, Nilgiri tahr, Bengal tiger and Indian elephants, the vulnerable Indian leopard, Nilgiri langur and gaur.
These hill ranges serve as important wildlife corridors and forms an important part of Project Elephant and Project Tiger reserves. The largest population of tigers outside the Sundarbans is in the Western Ghats where there are seven populations with an estimated population size of 336 to 487 individuals occupying 21,435 km2 (8,276 sq mi) forest in three major landscape units spread across Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The Western Ghats eco-region has the largest Indian elephant population in the wild with an estimated 11,000 individuals across eight distinct populations. The endemic Nilgiri tahr which was on the brink of extinction has recovered and has an estimated 3,122 individuals in the wild. The Critically Endangered endemic Malabar large-spotted civet is estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals, with no sub-population greater than 50 individuals. About 3500 lion-tailed macaques live scattered over several areas in the Western Ghats.
The major population of snake family Uropeltidae of the reptile class is restricted to the region. Several endemic reptile genera occur here, including the Kerala cane turtle Vijayachelys silvatica, lizards like Salea, Ristella, Kaestlea, snakes like Melanophidium, Plectrurus, Teretrurus, Platyplectrurus, Xylophis, Rhabdops and so on. Species level endemism is much higher and is common to almost all genera present here. Some enigmatic endemic reptiles include the venomous snakes such as Striped coral snake, Malabar pit viper, Large-scaled pitviper and Horseshoe pitviper. The region has significant population of vulnerable Mugger crocodiles.
The amphibians of the Western Ghats are diverse and unique, with more than 80% of the 179 amphibian species being endemic to the rainforests of the mountains. The endangered purple frog was discovered in 2003. Several families of frogs namely of the genera Micrixalus, Indirana, Nyctibatrachus are endemic to this region. Endemic genera include the toads Pedostibes, Ghatophryne, Xanthophryne and arboreal frogs such as Ghatixalus, Mercurana and Beddomixalus; microhylids like Melanobatrachus. New frog species were described from the Western Ghats in 2005, and more recently a new species, monotypic of its genus Mysticellus, was discovered. The region is also home to many caecilian species.
As of 2004[update], 288 freshwater fish species are listed for the Western Ghats, including 35 also known from brackish or marine water. Several new species have been described from the region since then (e.g., Dario urops and S. sharavathiensis). There are 118 endemic species, including 13 genera entirely restricted to the Western Ghats (Betadevario, Dayella, Haludaria, Horabagrus, Horalabiosa, Hypselobarbus, Indoreonectes, Lepidopygopsis, Longischistura, Mesonoemacheilus, Parapsilorhynchus, Rohtee and Travancoria).
There is a higher fish richness in the southern part of the Western Ghats than in the northern, and the highest is in the Chalakudy River, which alone holds 98 species. Other rivers with high species numbers include the Periyar, Bharatapuzha, Pamba and Chaliyar, as well as upstream tributaries of the Kaveri, Pambar, Bhavani and Krishna rivers. The most species rich families are the Cyprinids (72 species), hillstream loaches (34 species; including stone loaches, now regarded a separate family), Bagrid catfishes (19 species) and Sisorid catfishes (12 species). The region is home to several brilliantly colored ornamental fishes like Denison's (or red line torpedo) barb, melon barb, several species of Dawkinsia barbs, zebra loach, Horabagrus catfish, dwarf pufferfish and dwarf Malabar pufferfish. The rivers are also home to Osteobrama bakeri, and larger species such as the Malabar snakehead and Malabar mahseer. A few are adapted to an underground life, including some Monopterus swampeels, and the catfish Horaglanis and Kryptoglanis.
According to the IUCN, 97 freshwater fish species from the Western Ghats were considered threatened in 2011, including 12 critically endangered, 54 endangered and 31 vulnerable. All but one (Tor khudree) of these are endemic to the Western Ghats. An additional 26 species from the region are considered data deficient (their status is unclear at present). The primary threats are from habitat loss, but also from overexploitation and introduced species.
There are at least 508 bird species. Most of Karnataka's five hundred species of birds are from the Western Ghats region. There are at least 16 species of birds endemic to the Western Ghats including the endangered rufous-breasted laughingthrush, the vulnerable Nilgiri wood-pigeon, white-bellied shortwing and broad-tailed grassbird, the near threatened grey-breasted laughingthrush, black-and-rufous flycatcher, Nilgiri flycatcher, and Nilgiri pipit, and the least concern Malabar (blue-winged) parakeet, Malabar grey hornbill, white-bellied treepie, grey-headed bulbul, rufous babbler, Wynaad laughingthrush, white-bellied blue-flycatcher and the crimson-backed sunbird.
There are roughly 6,000 insect species. Of 334 Western Ghats butterfly species, 316 species have been reported from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The Western Ghats is home to 174 species of odonates (107 dragonflies and 67 damselflies), including 69 endemics. Most of the endemic odonate are closely associated with rivers and streams, while the non-endemics typically are generalists. There are several species of leeches found all along the Western Ghats.
Seasonal rainfall patterns of the Western Ghats necessitate a period of dormancy for its land snails, resulting in their high abundance and diversity including at least 258 species of gastropods from 57 genera and 24 families. A total of 77 species of freshwater molluscs (52 gastropods and 25 bivalves) have been recorded from the Western Ghats, but the actual number is likely higher. This include 28 endemics. Among the threatened freshwater molluscs are the mussels Pseudomulleria dalyi, which is a Gondwanan relict, and the snail Cremnoconchus, which is restricted to the spray zone of waterfalls. According to the IUCN, 4 species of freshwater molluscs are considered endangered and 3 are vulnerable. An additional 19 species are considered data deficient.
Of the 7,402 species of flowering plants occurring in the Western Ghats, 5,588 species are native or indigenous and 376 are exotics naturalised and 1,438 species are cultivated or planted as ornamentals. Among the indigenous species, 2,253 species are endemic to India and of them, 1,273 species are exclusively confined to the Western Ghats. Apart from 593 confirmed subspecies and varieties; 66 species, 5 subspecies and 14 varieties of doubtful occurrence are also reported and therefore amounting 8,080 taxa of flowering plants.
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^ staff (4 August 2009). "Gundia project has not got Centre's nod". The Hindu. Chennai, India: Kasturi & Sons Ltd. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
^ Madhav Gadgil (31 August 2012). "Report of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel" (PDF). Westernghatindia.org. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Part 1: summary XIX. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
^ "Vested interests in Western Ghats". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ "Report is anti environmental". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
^ "Disaster for Western Ghats".
^ "Paradise lost". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
^ "World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats sub cluster". UNESCO. 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2007.
^ "UNESCO heritage sites". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2007.
^ "UN designates Western Ghats as world heritage site". Times Of India. 2 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^ Nameer, P.O.; Molur, Sanjay; Walker, Sally (November 2001). "Mammals of the Western Ghats: A Simplistic Overview" (PDF). Zoos' Print Journal. 16 (11): 629–639. doi:10.11609/jott.zpj.16.11.629-39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
^ Mewa, Singh; Werner, Kaumanns (2005). "Behavioural studies: A necessity for wildlife management" (PDF). Current Science. 89 (7): 1233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2007.
^ Malviya, M.; Srivastav, A.; Nigam, P.; Tyagi, P.C. (2011). "Indian National Studbook of Nilgiri Langur (Trachypithecus johnii)" (PDF). Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi.
^ Jhala, Y. V.; Gopal, R.; Qureshi, Q (2008). "Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India" (PDF). TR 08/001. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi; Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2013.
^ "Elephant Reserves". ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
^ "Census population 2005" (PDF). Note on Project Elephant. Ministry of Environment and Forests. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
^ "Nilgiri tahr population over 3,000: WWF-India". The Hindu. 3 October 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
^ Jennings, A.; Veron, G. & Helgen, K. (2008). "Viverra civettina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
^ Molur S; D Brandon-Jones; W Dittus; A. Eudey; A. Kumar; M. Singh; M.M. Feeroz; M. Chalise; P. Priya & S. Walker (2003). "Status of South Asian Primates: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2003". Zoo Outreach Organization/CBSG-South Asia, Coimbatore.
^ Greene, H. W. & R. W. Mcdiarmid (2005). Wallace and Savage: heroes, theories and venomous snake mimicry, Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics, a Herpetological Perspective. Chicago University of Chicago Press. pp. 190–208.
^ Radhakrishnan, C; K.C. Gopi & K.P. Dinesh (2007). "Zoogeography of Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis Biju and Bossuyt (Amphibia: Anura; Nasikabatrachidae) in the Western Ghats, India". Records of the Zoological Survey of India. 107: 115–121.
^ "An evaluation of the endemism of the amphibian assemblages from the Western Ghats using molecular techniques" (PDF). WII. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2008.
^ "New 'mysterious' frog species discovered in India's Western Ghats". 13 February 2019.
^ Britz; Ali; Philip (2012). "Dariourops, a new species of badid fish from the Western Ghats, southern India". Zootaxa. 3348: 63–68.
^ Sreekantha; Gururaja; Remadevi; Indra; Ramachandra (2006). "Two new species of the genus Schistura McClell and (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) from western Ghats, India". Zoos' Print Journal. 21 (4): 2211–2216. doi:10.11609/jott.zpj.1386.2211-6.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Molur, M.; Smith, K.G.; Daniel, B.A. & Darwall, W.R.T. (2011). The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity in the Western Ghats, India (PDF). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - Regional Assessment. ISBN 978-2-8317-1381-6.
^ a b Raghavan; Prasad; Ali; Pereira (2008). "Fish fauna of Chalakudy River, part of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, Kerala, India: patterns of distribution, threats and conservation needs". Biodiversity and Conservation. 17 (13): 3119–3131. doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9293-0.
^ "Zoologica" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2004. Retrieved 18 December 2006.
^ Benziger; Philip; Raghavan; Ali; Sukumaran; Tharian; Dahanukar; Baby; Peter; Devi; Radhakrishnan; Haniffa; Britz; Antunes (2011). "Unraveling a 146 Years Old Taxonomic Puzzle: Validation of Malabar Snakehead, Species-Status and Its Relevance for Channid Systematics and Evolution". PLoS ONE. 6 (6): e21272. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021272. PMC 3123301. PMID 21731689.
^ Silas; et al. (2005). "Indian Journal of Fisheries". 52 (2): 125–140.
^ Gobi, K.C. (2002). "A new synbranchid fish, Monopterus digressus from Kersla, Peninsular India". Rec. Zool. Surv. India. 100 (1–2): 137–143.
^ "Karnataka birds". karnatakabirds.net. Archived from the original on 29 April 2006.
^ "Karnataka forest department (forests at a glance – Bio-diversity". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
^ "Restricted-range species". BirdLife EBA Factsheet 12 : Western Ghats. BirdLife International. 1998. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
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Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC.
Daniels, R.J. Ranjit, Wildlife institute of India, "Biodiversity in the Western Ghats"
Verma Desh Deepak (2002) "Thematic Report on Mountain Ecosystems", Ministry of Environment and Forests,13pp, retrieved 27 March 2007 Thematic Report on Mountain Ecosystems Full text, detailed data, not cited.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Western Ghats.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Western Ghats.
This page was last edited on 3 April 2019, at 10:19 (UTC).


Title: Re: Adventure: Welcome to the Genre - Ready for Beta-Testing!
Title: Re: Adventure: Welcome to the Genre - Beta-Testing Underway!
Title: Re: Adventure: Welcome to the Genre - Now Released!
Grats on finally releasing the game.


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text:
Be jealous of any child who gets this luxurious toy car
Ford to focus on saving weight with upcoming Taurus
Bentley teases upcoming luxury SUV
Luxury electric toy car for kids comes with all-wheel drive and a whole host of other 'real car' features
by Jodi Lai | March 19, 2014
How badly do you want this toy car — for your kids, of course....
Handout, Henes
Any kid should be lucky to have their own mini Jaguar.
If your child is more country than city, this off-roader could be for them.
This little British roadster-inspired car would look good cruising past the neighbourhood lemonade stand.
When I was a child, all I wanted was a Little Tykes Cozy Cruiser. But seeing as kids these days gets their own iPads before they can walk, it only seems appropriate that their tastes have grown beyond plastic foot-powered cars.
Meet Henes Co., a Korean company that makes drivable toy cars that have more features than my 2008 Volkswagen Rabbit. Henes' luxurious electric toy cars can come with such "real car" features as disc brakes, all-wheel drive, four-wheel independent suspension with gas shock absorbers, a multi-link steering system, aluminum alloy differential, functional turn signals, brake lights, headlights, an MP3 player, stereo speakers, an ergonomic leather bucket seat, and even a built-in seven-inch Android tablet.
The cars, which are about four feet long and look like tiny versions of real cars, are powered by a 24-volt battery pack and have an electronic gear shifter with four modes: park, reverse, neutral and drive. The steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedal are also electronic. The cars also come with a Bluetooth remote so parents can prevent their spoiled lucky children from pulling a Steve McQueen and drag racing the other neighbourhood kids. This could be a legitimate concern, as these electric cars have a top speed of a blazing 16 km/h.
Henes currently sells five models: one sedan-like model (that looks suspiciously like a Jaguar), three roadsters, and one Hummer/Jeep-looking "off-roader" with four-wheel drive. Pricing has not yet been confirmed, but Wired says the toys will start at about $800 each for a stock model.
The cars, which were, no surprise, designed by professionals from the auto industry, are billed as "the safest and most advanced kids electric ride-on car."
Audio and Video Devices
Bluetooth SIG Inc.
Car Audio and Video Equipment
Computer Hardware and Peripherals
Jaguar Cars Ltd.
Volkswagen Rabbit
First drive: 2015 Mercedes-Benz C-Class
Road test: 2014 Ram 1500 Laramie Crew Cab 4x4
Simple steps help you lock out auto crime
Motor Mouth: The war on cars is more real than ever
What your dad really wants for Father's Day


Rinse off the quince, it isn't necessary to peel them. If they are too hard to cut through raw, put them in a pot of water and allow them to simmer on low heat covered for 25 minutes to soften them up. Allow them to cool a bit before cutting, and then you can cut into bite size pieces and remove the seeds, like you would with an apple. Put them in a pot and squeeze half of a lemon over them, and then cut up the juiced lemon half and add the rind to the pot. Add the sugar, cinnamon, ginger and cloves. Cook over a low heat for another 20 minutes or so. When quince are done cooking they turn a pinkish, cranberry color and you can add the raisins if you like.


As the Outreach Book Group begins its fourth year, you are invited to discuss a new round of interesting and thought-provoking books that will deepen Bethanyites' understanding of our country and the world.
On February 25, you are invited to hear some good news on Global Warming by considering the book Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming, edited by Paul Hawken. We will review hopeful recent events and discuss good options to not only arrest, but also reduce, the problem. This book outlines practical ways individuals can reduce their carbon footprint and rollback global warming within the next 30 years. Janette Plunkett will lead a discussion of two sections from the book entitled: "On Care for Our Common Home" and "Why Care". If you have time, also read any solutions from the book that intrigue or energize you, as we will consider actions participants can take to live out their faith during Lent. Copies of the two articles will be available in the lobby.
In April, the group will examine ministry to gangs by reflecting on the book Tattoos on the Heart: The Power of Boundless Compassion by Father Gregory Boyle. Boyle is the founder of Homeboy Industries, a gang intervention program in Los Angeles. In this book, Boyle tells the stories of people he has known and demonstrates how faith and compassion can reveal Christ's love to those struggling.
Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis by JD Vance will be the focus in June. Vance tells the detailed story of his own family as they moved from Kentucky to Ohio to find a new life and pursue the American Dream. This story reveals the decline of the white working class and the lingering effects of alcoholism, drugs and abuse on upward social mobility.
Finally, in October, outreach partners Mike and Katie Lucero (who will be on home leave) will lead a discussion of the novel Rainbow Troops, by Andrea Hirata and Angie Kilbane, which is considered the quintessential Indonesian novel. The book tells the story of how students in an impoverished Indonesian school grab hold of an education, despite the deck being stacked against them, and it provides a glimpse into the customs and people of the world's largest Muslim society. Mike and Katie will share how this story interconnects with their experiences living in Indonesia for the past 4 years.
As usual, anyone is welcome to join these discussions and copies of the books will be available at Queen Anne Books on the book club shelves. For questions, or to propose a future book, please contact Julia Sensenbrenner at jss361@comcast.net.
POSTSCRIPT: To see the February discussion on global warming, go to this link.


June 23 saw the start of the 20th edition of Palma's Superyacht Cup, with 22 of the world's most prestigious superyachts competing.
The yachts come in all shapes and sizes. The 'smallest' was Stay Calm, a mere 24 metre Nautor Swan, and the largest the stunning 60-metre gaff-rigged schooner Germania Nova. The latter is an exact replica of the classic 1908 Germania, using the same hull lines, deck and sail plans, albeit with a few modern additions such as an engine and air-con.
This year the fleet has been divided into four classes to ensure everyone gets a fair crack at winning the silverware and, to keep things on an even keel, there were two separate courses, one for Classes A and B, and a slightly shorter one for Classes C and D. The sun was shining and the wind stayed steady for the three days of racing, perfect conditions for the fleet to stretch their wings.
The 38m Perini Navi P2 was the undisputed winner of Class B having won all three-race days, she also came in third overall. This fast cruising yacht, which was launched in 2008 was designed by Philippe Briand. She changed hands earlier this year, so we're pleased to see she's still being raced.
Class C was won by 27.4 metre Tempus Fugit, which was launched in 2013. This modern classic sloop was designed by Rob Humphries and built by Arkin Pruva Yachts. She has been built of cold pressed mahogany and with her high gloss varnished hull she is every inch the classic yacht.
An old lady of the sea, Mariette of 1915, smashed it in Class D winning all three races. The 42m classic twin-masted schooner is, as the name implies, over a century old but still has what it takes to cross the finishing line first.
It wasn't all fun and games on a more serious note the regatta raised 11,000 euros for local charity Fundación Joves Navegants de Balears which helps troubled youths by introducing them to sailing.


Don't ya just love the look of a hoop and a sign?
We sure do! Come make your own...choose a special saying to replace the wood "home" if you'd like.
Choose from a smooth board with a frame or plank boards with a frame.
Comes with a hoop and 1 floral stem.


text:
Home » Biography » Ana Cheri Net Worth
Ana Cheri Net Worth
Published Date: 17th October, 2017 @06:10 PM
Ana Cheri is an American model and social media personality with millions of followers on her social media accounts. She is also fitness professional and CEO of her gym Be More Athletics. Ana Cheri career as a successful model has raised Ana Cheri net worth to be huge. A general bio of the attractive model Ana Cheri is given below.
American model, Ana Cheri is a published model who has worked with several renowned companies including Monster Energy, K&N Filters, Moskova Underwear and Ultimate Armwrestling League. She also became the brand ambassador for Shredz, a fitness company and was even featured as a Maxim Instagram Girl of the Week. She has also been featured in the famous Playboy Magazine as a Playmate. Ana Cheri net worth is estimated to be high from her successful career. Ana Cheri is also seen to be very active on the social media sites. Ana Cheri Instagram page has millions of followers. Her modeling photos and other stuff related to her life are regularly posted in all of her accounts. Ana Cheri bio with complete information about her personal and professional life can be found on various other social sites.
Ana Cheri was born on May 16, 1986, in California, USA. She was raised by her parents in Huntington Beach, Southern California. Growing up, Ana only had brothers as she was the only girl child in her family. The information related to education part of Ana's life has not yet surfaced in the media. She does not like to talk about her past and only likes to focus on her present career.
Ana Cheri career as a model began when she started appearing in posters and brochures for magazines such as Punch Magazine and Toyo Tires in the year 2009. She also started her work in cosmetic publications and promotional ads for events like FOX Racing and the Long Beach Grand Prix D1. After gaining some recognition, Ana also started getting jobs as a video host and also appeared in few commercials. Her modeling career was pushed further after she appeared in the Playboy Magazine in 2015 posing fully nude as Miss October 2015. Se spent the year 2015 embarking on a calendar tour to support her modeling career. She started focusing on fitness more after she was chosen as the Brand Ambassador and Motivational Speaker for Shredz Supplements, a fitness company. She is currently the owner of her own gym named, Be More Athletics with her husband. She has also appeared in several fitness magazines because of her perfect body including Muscle and Fitness Magazine.
Ana Cheri net worth is estimated to be huge. Ana Cheri net worth is amassed from all the compensation she receives from being a successful model and also from her gym. As per some sources, Ana Cheri net worth is estimated to be around $1.5 million. Ana Cheri net worth is likely to increase in the future because of her ongoing career as a model and fitness professional.
Focusing on her personal life, Ana Cheri is a married woman. She married her longtime boyfriend Ben Moreland. Her husband is also a personal trainer and fitness expert. The couple is very fitness conscious and both of them are focused on their fitness. The pair enjoys exercising which may have been the reason behind them falling in love at the first place. Ben is given the credit of having the idea to open their gym Be More Athletics. The couple seems to be reluctant on speaking about their personal life in the media and has kept it a secret from it. They are enjoying their days together and are in a happy marriage.
Looking at her physical appearance, people easily assume Ana Cheri age to be around mid-twenties. But in actual, Ana Cheri age at the current is 31 years old. She is of American nationality and belongs to Latin-Caucasian ethnicity, which makes her more attractive. She has a brown colored hair and the color of her eyes is brown as well. Ana's height is measured at 5 feet 7 inch and her body weight is around 54 kg. She has an attractive body with measurements 34D-25-36.
Ana Cheri is most recognized for her perfect figure which she has maintained with exercising and eating a healthy diet. Besides being a model and fitness expert, she is a renowned social media personality as well. She is widely recognized for her various social media accounts. She is most active on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. Ana Cheri Instagram account has more than 10 million followers to the date. Photos of her perfect figure can be seen in it. Similarly, her Twitter account has more than 210K followers till now. Ana Cheri Facebook page enjoys more than 5 million likes. Her fans follow her in all of her social media accounts to know more about her and follow her fitness guide to stay healthy. She regularly posts new photos and other updates related to her in all of the accounts.
I got up at the Butt crack of dawn ???? . . This was a fun shoot with @stevebitanga for @cheri_swim ???????????? Happy Hump Day!!
A post shared by AnaCherí (@anacheri) on Oct 11, 2017 at 1:08pm PDT
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Despite his unsuccessful presidential run, Romney has been the most effective Republican surrogate this year, boosting moderate candidates.
Looking for another sign that the Republican establishment is holding the upper hand in contested GOP primaries? Mitt Romney has been the most effective Republican surrogate on the campaign trail this year.
While many politicians endorse candidates who are safe bets to win primaries, the normally risk-averse Romney has eagerly put his reputation on the line, backing candidates in next month's primaries who face challenging odds. In California, Neel Kashkari is vying to finish ahead of Tea Party candidate Tim Donnelly in the governor's race, while Romney-endorsed Nevada state Senator Mark Hutchison is hoping to defeat former Senate candidate Sue Lowden in the state's lieutenant governor's primary. In Colorado, he weighed in on behalf of former Representative Bob Beauprez, running in a competitive gubernatorial primary. And Romney just announced support for former Paul Ryan aide Elise Stefanik, facing well-funded opposition running for a New York congressional seat from GOP businessman Matt Doheny.
"He's not afraid to make a choice. He sees a candidate who he thinks will be good and have a shot at winning, he's going to get involved," said Tom Rath, a longtime Romney adviser who remains in touch with the former presidential nominee. "He's a very smart guy. He understands the process now, and sees the difference outside validation can make if it's done the right away and it's done early enough."
To be sure, Romney's effectiveness stems more from the GOP establishment's growing success over grassroots conservatives, more than his own individual influence. His favored candidates include many longtime allies, including Virginia Senate candidate Ed Gillespie, Romney's 2012 senior adviser; Virginia state Delegate Barbara Comstock, a Romney staffer in 2008; California state Senator Tony Strickland, a former Romney California state chairman running for Congress; and Stefanik. But they also contain some up-and-coming prospects, like Ernst and Wehby, along with leading Senate challengers like former Senator Scott Brown in New Hampshire, Representative Bill Cassidy in Louisiana, and Representative Steve Daines in Montana.
Romney's successful post-presidential campaign involvement is a reminder that for all the Tea Party influence within the GOP, there's a "Romney wing" of the party that's alive and well even past the candidate's sell-by date. The Washington Post's Dan Balz wrote a thought-provoking column in March, arguing that "somewhat conservative" voters make up the largest faction within the party. "These voters like candidates with governing experience who have conservative values but do not push radical policies and are optimistic about the country. They reject culture warriors," Balz wrote. It's a good description of the candidates Romney has backed this election year.
Indeed, the lineup of Republican Senate candidates in 2014 reflects a degree of country-club Republicanism, based on their biographies, if not their ideology. Three of the party's nominees have, like Romney, career experience with blue-chip consulting firms. In North Carolina, Thom Tillis served as a partner at PriceWaterhouseCoopers before pursuing a political career, first running for office to get a mountain-bike path built in his hometown. Conservative favorites Ben Sasse and Tom Cotton spent stints at McKinsey & Company, employing Romney-like career tracks before jumping into politics.
Romney himself will be attending a National Republican Senatorial Committee fundraiser on June 9 in New York, according to the Post. Later in the month, he's hosting a retreat on the future of American leadership at his mansion in Park City, Utah, inviting leading prospective contenders in 2016 to attend.
"Mitt's the closest thing we have to a party elder right now, someone who's been through the fire. His stature is presidential, and I think people miss that," said Rath. "He lost an election, but he didn't lose interest. He really does have concern about the direction the country's headed."


The celebrated young American therapist Richard Bjornstrand commenced his experimental treatment of Miss April Lowry on the third of August, 1987. Within fifteen days the locus of disturbance had been identified, and Dr Bjornstrand had recommended consciousness-penetration treatment, a technique increasingly popular in the United States. Miss Lowry's physician was initially opposed to the suggestion, but further consultations demonstrated the potential value of such an approach, and on the nineteenth of September the entry procedures were initiated. We expect further reports from Dr Bjornstrand as the project develops.
This consciousness-penetration therapy somehow puts the therapist into the patient's mind. The mechanics of it are not explained, only the experiences Bjornstrand has in the very strange landscape (seascape, mostly) of April's psyche. The whole thing is very disorienting and interesting, and if Silverberg had gone for the obvious thrills, he could have made the patient a serial killer and the therapist a beautiful young woman and called it The Cell and made a lot of money off a movie version. But he didn't.


text:
Number dead in Oklahoma storms rises to six with nearly 100 other injuries
Posted 5:53 pm, May 26, 2019, by CNN Wire
EL RENO, Okla. -- Six people are dead in Oklahoma after flooding, severe storms and tornadoes impacted the state over several days.
A mobile home park in El Reno, about 29 miles west of Oklahoma City, was "devastated," Mayor Matt White said.
"It's a lot of devastation here, it's leveled, it's just devastated," White said in a phone interview with CNN, referring to the powerful EF-3 tornado that hit the city. "It's tore all to pieces, it was terrible."
Two people were killed in El Reno and two people were killed in Mayes County, according to a tally Sunday from the state medical examiner's office. A 53-year-old woman also died in Payne County and a 58-year-old man died in Stephens County, according to officials.
In El Reno, officials were going door to door to find victims and assess the damage after the tornado touched down in the city late Saturday. A search and rescue operation is still underway, White told reporters Sunday morning. El Reno has a population of about 19,000.
'I heard it coming'
Rachel Garrison was in a mobile home when the storm hit, according to CNN affiliate KOCO.
"I heard it coming," she told the station.
The next thing she felt, Garrison said, was another trailer flipping over onto the one her family was in.
"After everything was over with and all the shaking and jarring, the sirens went off," Garrison told the station.
The park had 88 mobile homes, White said. "We're looking at basically under 15, under 16 trailers were the ones involved in the tornado," he said.
The mayor said the sirens went off at 10:27 p.m., and according to the information he had, the storm touched down four minutes later.
In addition to the mobile home park, a hotel was damaged, Fire Chief Kent Lagaly said.
All guests have been accounted for, the hotel's owner, Ramesh Patel, said. One employee broke a leg and is being treated at a hospital, he said.
Nearly 100 injures reported in Oklahoma
The tornado was rated EF-3 on the Enhanced Fujita scale, the National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma, said on Twitter after completing its survey of the damage in El Reno. The twister lasted only 4 minutes, the service said.
Only about 5% of all tornadoes are rated EF-3 or higher, according to CNN meteorologist Brandon Miller. An EF-3 rating indicates maximum wind speeds of 160 mph.
The tornado hit as Oklahoma and other parts of the Midwest were still reeling from a deadly spring storm system that has resulted in more than 170 reported tornadoes plus strong winds, flash flooding and hail.
In Oklahoma, area hospitals reported 92 injuries, the state health department said. Across the central United States, 10 people were killed and a 4-year-old boy is missing.
Friday, a state official said floods were believed to have impacted at least 1,000 homes, especially in northeastern Oklahoma around the swollen Arkansas River.
Gov. Kevin Stitt on Friday amended an earlier executive order to declare a state of emergency in all 77 counties across the state because of the severe weather.
Tornado kills 2 people, injures 29 others in El Reno, Oklahoma
Missouri Highway Patrol identifies three killed near Golden City during severe storm outbreak
Flood rescues are underway in Oklahoma as millions in US face severe storms
Tornadoes ripped through Ohio tearing apart homes and damaging schools
Thousands still under threat as tornadoes, flooding slam Midwest and Plains
At least 3 people are dead from severe weather near Golden City, Missouri
Strong storms in US South kill at least 8 and injure dozens
Dallas crane collapse victim identified as 29-year-old woman
Dangerous storm sweeps Southern Plains, spawning tornadoes
Survivor recounts pulling wife to safety during an EF3 tornado in Oklahoma
Tornado risk covers Chicago; 'catastrophic flooding' could hit Arkansas this Memorial Day
'Felt like an earthquake': Violent tornado hits Jefferson City; extensive damage reported
Liveblog: 171 tornadoes have been reported since Friday, at least 29 reported Wednesday into Thursday


Bishop Rob presided and preached at our Patronal Festival on 11th September. The choir were in great voice and there was loads of food at the Parish Lunch. Many thanks to the Bishop for his inspiring sermon and to all who made this a very uplifting occasion.


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$github = json_decode($feed, true);

$info = array('data' => array());

foreach( $github as $data ) {
	$feedUrl = $data['object']['url'];

	$tag = str_replace('refs/tags/', '', $data['ref']);

	$cacheKey = md5($feedUrl);

	if( !$_cache->isExpired( $cacheKey ) ) {
		$feed = $_cache->$cacheKey;
	}else{
		if( $feed = @file_get_contents( $feedUrl ) ) {
			$_cache->set( $cacheKey, $feed, 1, 'MONTH', true );
		}else{
			$feed = $_cache->$cacheKey;
			$_ms->add('Error Communicating with Github API, Error ' . __LINE__ . ':' . $data['ref'] . ' - ' . $hash, true);
		}
	}

	$commit = json_decode($feed, true);

	$download_link = 'http://github.com/'. $USERNAME .'/' . $REPOSITORY . '/zipball/'. $tag;
	if($commit) {
		array_unshift($info['data'], array(
			$tag . '
Download',
			$commit['tagger']['date'] ? co::module('blog/date', strtotime($commit['tagger']['date']) )  : '',
			'' . nl2br($commit['message']) . '',
		));
	}
}

$info['header'] = array('Build', 'Date', 'Message');
$info['params'] = 'class="datatable" style="width: 100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"';
echo co::module('table', $info);

endif;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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