Package assembly and method for storing and microwave heating of food - James River - Norwalk, Inc.
A packaged arrangement (1) contains a tray (4) which is convertible into a heating stand by inversion thereof. The walls of the tray are of a material that is transparent to microwave energy, but a support wall (10) which forms a bottom of the tray and top of the stand is provided with a liner of a microwave interactive layer that is formed of a material capable of converting microwave energy into heat. The tray (4) is configured so as to define a storage space for a predetermined quantity of food and to possess sufficient strength as to be able to support the predetermined quantity of food upon the support wall (10) in the inverted, heating stand condition thereof. A second packaged arrangement (1') comprises a recloseable package body (2') that may be used, at least in part, to form the enclosed air space and stand. In accordance with methods of use, food is removed from the package, at least one of the components of the packaged arrangement is formed into an air space enclosing heating stand, upon the floor of a microwave oven, and the food is placed upon this stand during microwave heating thereof.
3619215 HEAT-AND-SERVE PACKAGES FOR PREFRIED BACON AND THE LIKE 1971-11-09 Bard et al.
3031309 Oven fresh cake and method of making the same 1962-04-24 Bogner et al.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 637,057, filed Aug. 2, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,555,605, issued Nov. 26, 1985.
(b) packaging means for combining together said heating means and the predetermined quantity of food in a package assembly constructed in a manner enabling it to be disposed in a first configuration for shipping and a second configuration for cooking, said package assembly in said first configuration having the quantity of food disposed within said packaging means without an enclosed air filled space being disposed under the quantity of food, for shipping and storage with a minimum of wasted space, and said package assembly in said second configuration having the quantity of food positionally rearranged relative to said heating means and said packaging means and with said quantity of food being supported in heat transfer relation with respect to said microwave interactive layer above an enclosed air filled space that is formed by at least a portion of said packaging means for promoting even cooking of the food when said portion of the packaging means is situated upon a support surface of a microwave oven.
(b) packaging means for combining together said heating means and the predetermined quantity of food in a package assembly, said packaging means comprising separate and distinct inner and outer packaging components, said inner packaging component being sized and configured for being received, along with said predetermined quantity of food, within a receiving space defined by the outer packaging component in a first configuration of said packaging assembly for shipping, and said inner packaging element being removable from said receiving space for enabling the packaging assembly to be converted into a second configuration for cooking, said quantity of food being positionally rearranged relative to at least one of said packaging components and situated in heat transfer relationship with respect to said microwave interactive layer above an air-filled space that is formed, at least in part, by said at least one positionally rearranged packaging component for promoting even cooking of the food when said at least one positionally rearranged component is disposed upon a support surface of a microwave oven.
3. A food package assembly according to claim 2, wherein said heating means is affixed to said outer packaging component.
4. A food package assembly according to claim 3, wherein said predetermined quantity of food is rearranged relative to both said heating means and said inner packaging component in said second configuration.
5. A food package assembly according to claim 2, wherein said heating means is affixed to said inner packaging component.
6. A food package assembly according to claim 5, wherein said heating means is affixed to said outer packaging component.
7. A food package assembly according to claim 2, wherein said at least one positionally arranged packaging component comprises a component to which said heating means is affixed.
8. A food package assembly according to claim 2, wherein said inner packaging component comprises a removable tray sized for receipt within said receiving space with the quantity of food thereon when the package assembly is in said first configuration.
9. A food package assembly according to claim 8, wherein said removable tray is formed of microwave transparent material and has a support wall bounded by a perimetric wall, said support being sized for receiving the quantity of food thereon, and wherein said microwave interactive layer is attached to the support wall of the removable tray.
10. A food package assembly according to claim 9, wherein said outer packaging component is a package body that is reclosable after removal of said removable tray and is constructed for supporting said removable tray on its exterior, with the quantity of food thereon, in said second configuration of the package assembly.
11. A food package assembly according to claim 10, wherein said outer package body is provided with an opening forming panel portion sized for providing a tray receiving opening, and said removable tray being constructed for suspending itself within an opening formed by removal of said panel portion in said second configuration of the package assembly.
12. A food package assembly according to claim 9, wherein said perimetric wall is provided with sufficient strength to support the quantity of food, independent of said outer package body, when said removable tray is placed in an inverted condition and the quantity of food is placed thereon in said second configuration of the package assembly.
This invention relates generally to microwave food packages and more particularly to food packages of the type which include an element that will produce a heating effect when exposed to microwave energy for the purpose of crisping or browning food contained thereon.
In recent years the percentage of homes containing microwaves ovens has grown dramatically. This has resulted in an associated growth in the demand for microwaveable prepared foods, such as frozen pizzas and the like. However, when the manufacturers of prepared foods attempted to meet this marketplace demand, they found that a difficulty existed in overcoming the common complaint of consumers to the effect that food cooked by microwave energy lacked the desired degree of browning or crispness that such foods normally have when cooked in a conventional oven. This problem is particularly acute with respect to foods that are required to be selectively exposed to microwave radiation to a greater or lesser extent in certain portions thereof. Furthermore, while auxiliary implements are known to facilitate heating and cooking of such difficult to microwave foods (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,539,751; 3,941,967 and 3,965,323), it is undesirable, from a commercial standpoint, for manufacturers of frozen prepared foods and the like to have the success of a product depend on the availability, in the home, of such auxiliary cooking devices. Additionally, requiring the use of such auxiliary devices detracts from one of the reasons why consumers buy ready-prepared foods in that such auxiliary devices, not being disposable, create the inconvenience of an item that must be washed for later use.
In view of the foregoing, various specialized packages have been developed which are designed to achieve microwave browning of food contained therein. Specifically, such packaging involves the preparation of a package body into which is incorporated a film or element that will convert microwave energy into thermal energy so as to produce a browning and/or crispening of an item of food situated in heat exchange contact therewith. Furthermore, such packages have been designed so as to produce a selective heating of various portions of the food to a greater or lesser extent than other portions.
A first type of such packaging is represented by Brastad, U.S. Pat. No. 4,267,420 and Brastad et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,230,924 wherein flexible sheets of microwave interactive materials are wrapped closely about individual items of food so that when the package is exposed to microwave energy, the interactive material will convert at least a portion of the impinging microwave energy into heat for browning the food surface. However, such packages pose problems with various types of food, in that, during heating, grease or vapor driven out of the food may create leakage and/or venting problems, and such packaging is totally unsuitable for foods, such as pizza, which have components which will adhere to a contacting wrapping paper and thus be rendered unappetizing when the packaging material is removed.
A second approach is represented by Turpin et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,190,757, which discloses a microwaveable package which does not require the product to be closely wrapped. In accordance with this patent, a microwave interactive layer is supported on or adjacent one of the inside container walls for browning food which is positioned therein. However, when the microwave interactive layer is directly on the inside container wall, the amount of heat transferred between the interactive layer and the food being browned, may vary over the surface area of the foods due to surface or dimensional irregularities of the food and non-uniform size variation of the food.
On the other hand, while the supporting of the microwave interactive layer above the inside container wall creates an air space which has the effect of more evenly distributing the heat to the underside of the product, the provision of a supporting stand for the interactive layer and food has a significant effect upon the cost of packaging a given food item, since the size of the package is significantly increased beyond that which otherwise would be required to package the food item. This, in turn, increases the size of the box that will be required to ship a number of packages to the retailer, not to mention the increased cost associated with producing a complex package, as opposed to a simple box-type structure.
Moreover, a disadvantage exists with the packages constructed in accordance with the teachings of the Turpin et al patent since they are provided with holes or openings which are used to regulate the amount internal heating and to vent vapor and moisture. That is, since the food is heated in the same package in which it is displayed, some vaporization of the inks used in the package graphics may occur causing ink vapors to become absorbed into the foods themselves. Such an effect can adversely affect the taste of the food, and a consumer would be less likely to purchase or use a dirty package.
Presently known approaches to the packaging of foods for microwave cooking all focus on the "cook-in" disposable package of the above-noted types that are subject to the aforementioned problems. However, no package assembly or packaged arrangement has been disclosed wherein simple, package design concepts as applied to non-microwaveable foods can be utilized while obtaining the benefits, without the detriments, of the the more sophisticated microwave package designs incorporating microwave interactive layers.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved package assembly and packaged food arrangement for use in association with the heating or cooking of the food item in a microwave oven that enables the use of a simple package body of the type utilized in packaging food products that are to be cooked or heated by non-microwave means.
It is a general object of the invention to provide a dual food packaging assembly for use in a microwave oven having a support surface, comprising outer packaging body means initially operable in a packaging mode in which food may be retained within an enclosed food storage space for shipment and storage and subsequently operable in a cooking mode after the food originally located within the enclosed food storage space is removed and the outer packaging means is mechanically manipulated to form a heating stand means for supporting the removed food at a predetermined distance above the microwave oven support surface in heat transfer relation with said microwave interactive layer and for enclosing an air filled space beneath said microwave interactive layer for promoting even cooking of the removed food.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved package assembly and packaged food arrangement for use in the storing and microwave heating of a food item wherein the package includes a disposable, combination food storage tray and heating stand which, in a first condition, serves for receiving the food item and holding it within the package body, and in a second, inverted, condition functions as an auxiliary heating member independent of the package body.
It is a specific object of the present invention to provide a disposable paperboard tray which has a flat support wall bounded perimetrically by upwardly projecting walls so as to define a food receiving space, a thin microwave interactive layer being attached on a side of the support wall which faces away from the food receiving space so that, upon opening of the package, the tray may be removed from the package, the food moved from the food receiving space, and the tray inverted and placed within a microwave oven so as to serve as a heating stand upon which the food item is placed for heating and/or cooking.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a package assembly for microwave cooking use comprised of an outer package and an inner tray, at least one of which is provided with a microwave interactive layer and is usable, after removal of the food from the outer package, to create a stand enclosing an air space within a microwave oven upon which the food may be cooked.
In connection with the preceding object, specific objects include enabling only the outer package, only the inner tray, or a combination of the outer package and tray, to create the air space enclosing stand having a microwave interactive layer upon which food may be cooked in a microwave oven.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method of cooking or heating packaged food whereby the food is removed from the package, at least one of the components of the package is formed into an air space enclosing heating stand, with a microwave interactive heating layer, upon the floor of a microwave oven, and the food is placed on this stand during microwave heating thereof.
The above and other objects and advantages of the invention are achieved by a package assembly, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, which includes a package body in the form of a simple paperboard carton within which a disposable combination food storage tray and heating stand is fully received. The combination tray and stand forms a food storage space that is bounded by a support wall on which a food item or predetermined quantity of food is located and upstanding perimetric walls which laterally enclose the food positioned on the supporting wall. These walls are formed of a material, such as paperboard, which is transparent to microwave energy, and a microwave interactive layer formed of a material capable of converting microwave energy into heat is disposed in association with the support wall, such as by being laminated to an underside thereof. The combination tray and heating stand, so formed, is designed such that the perimetric walls coact with the support wall for converting the food storage space into an enclosed air space when the combination storage tray and heating stand is placed on the floor of a microwave oven in an inverted heating stand condition and is of sufficient strength to support the predetermined quantity of food or food item upon the support wall when the combination storage tray and heating stand is in the inverted heating stand condition with the interactive layer closely associated positionally in heat transfer relationship with respect to the food thereon.
In accordance with modified embodiments, the package body is designed to be recloseable and to be usable alone or in combination with an inner food receiving tray to create an air space enclosing heating stand, with a microwave interactive heating layer, upon the floor of a microwave oven.
In accordance with methods of use of the various embodiments, the food is removed from the outer package, and the outer package and/or the inner food tray is rearranged into an air space enclosing heating stand on the floor of a microwave oven. The food is then placed upon the heating stand, over the enclosed air space, so as to be in heat exchange relationship with a microwave interactive heating layer of the heating stand. Thereafter, the microwave oven is turned on so as to heat the food.
FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away perspective view of a package embodying the present invention including an outer carton, an inner combination food storage tray and heating stand, and a food item received within the combination storage tray and heating stand.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a blank for forming the combination food storage tray and heating stand illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the combination food storage tray and heating stand in an inverted heating stand condition and with the food item disposed upon the microwave interactive layer thereof.
FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away perspective view of another embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 5-7 are diagrammatic views illustrating three different methods of use of the present invention for microwave heating of food.
With reference to FIG. 1, the packaged arrangement designated generally by the reference numeral 1 is shown. This packaged arrangement includes a package assembly formed of a package body 2 defining a receiving space 3 and a disposable, combination food storage tray and heating stand 4, as well as a predetermined quantity of food 5, for example, an item of food such as a pizza. Furthermore, the item of food itself may be wrapped within a plastic wrapping, such as a bag 6.
The package body 2 preferably is a paperboard carton and any conventional carton blank may be utilized for the purposes of forming the schematically depicted carton 2. However, while a paperboard carton is preferred, since, in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention, the package body merely serves the function of defining a receiving space for the remainder of the packaged arrangement, the present invention encompasses the use of any form of package body that is known for use in the packaging of "ready-to-heat" foods, such as a plastic bag.
The disposable combination food storage tray and heating stand 3 must possess the following requisites. Firstly, it must be constructed so as to form a food storage space of a size and shape within which the predetermined quantity of food (food item) may be stored and must be sized relative to the receiving space of the package body in order to be fully receivable within the receiving space thereof.
In addition to forming a tray means within which the food may be received, the combination food storage tray and heating stand 3 must be able to function in an inverted condition as a heating stand. To this end, the food storage space is bounded by a support wall 10 and at least one perimetric wall which, together are sized and shaped so as to convert the food receiving space 11 into an enclosed air space when the combination storage tray and heating stand is placed on the floor of a microwave oven in an inverted heating stand condition. While a circular tray would have only a single perimetric wall extending about the periphery of the support wall 10, in the illustrated arrangement for use with a rectangular carton, four perimetric walls 12 are provided. It should also be appreciated that the at least one perimetric wall and the support wall must be of sufficient strength to support the predetermined quantity of food (food item) upon the support wall when the combination storage tray and heating stand is in the inverted heating stand condition as illustrated in FIG. 3.
Still further, while the support wall 10 and the perimetric walls 12 must be formed of a material that is transparent to microwave energy, in accordance with the present invention, a microwave interactive layer formed of a material capable of converting microwave energy into heat is disposed in association with the support wall 10 so as to be able to heat the predetermined quantity of food when it is supported on the support wall in the inverted heating stand condition of FIG. 3. In this regard, it is noted that, in addition to the direct heating effect of the microwave energy upon the food and transferance of heat from the interactive layer to the food, the enclosed air space 11 will serve to store heat that is produced and act to distribute the heat evenly to the underside of the product in order to facilitate production of a more satisfactorily cooked product.
With reference to FIG. 2, a blank for formation of a combination food storage tray and a heating stand is illustrated of a configuration suitable for use with a carton of the type illustrated in FIG. 1. This blank is formed from a paperboard material having sufficient strength and heat and moisture resistance and is totally free of printing. Such paperboard materials are known, per se, and in and of themselves form no part of the present invention apart from their use in the overall combination. As can be seen, the support wall 10 is disposed centrally in the blank and is connected at its edges, defined by score lines 13, to the perimetric walls 12, so that the perimetric walls can be folded into an upstanding position projecting upwardly from the support wall in order to laterally define the food storage space. In order to form a stable tray configuration, tabs 14 are formed by score lines 15 such that a tab is provided on the edge of one of every pair of adjacent edges of walls 12. Thus, the tabs 14 of one wall can be folded at right angles to that wall and secured to the inner side of the other adjacent wall (see right front corner, FIG. 1) such as by an adhesive.
In order to obtain a browning or crisping of the food item, such as a pizza, a microwave interactive layer 16 is bonded or laminated to the support wall 10 on a side, relative to the score lines 13, such that, when the combination tray and heating stand is in an assembled condition, the interactive layer 16 is disposed on a side of the support wall 10 which faces away from the food storage space 11, whereby the predetermined quantity of food (food item) is positionable thereon when the combination storage tray and heating stand is in the noted inverted stand condition of FIG. 3. The material of which the microwave interactive layer is formed in order to be capable of converting microwave energy into heat does not, per se, form part of the present invention and any known interactive material, such as those described in the background art, may be utilized. One suitable type of interactive material is disclosed in Canadian Pat. No. 1,153,069, issued Aug. 30, 1983.
In order to maximize the cost efficient attributes of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the packaged arrangement of the present invention utilizes a combination tray and stand whose perimetric walls have their height set so as to correspond to the height of the interior receiving space 3 of the package body and both are coordinated to the height of the predetermined quantity of food (food item) disposed therein. Thus, the minimum amount of packaging materials need be used and the package can be formed as small as practical for the amount of food involved. This is made possible by the fact that there is no need for any heating spaces to be designed into the package arrangement because the food is not cooked within the package body itself, but rather the package assembly is utilized in the following matter.
In particular, a consumer desiring to heat or cook the contents of the package assembly 1 would open up the package body 2 and remove the tray 4 (containing the food item 5) from the receiving space 3 of the package body 2. Then, the consumer would move the food item 5 from the food storage space 11 of the combination tray and stand 4 and then remove any wrapping 6 within which it might be packaged. Next, the tray would be converted into a heating stand by inverting of the combination tray and stand and placing it on the floor of the microwave oven. The interactive layer 16, which had been disposed in the package body, substantially without clearance, upon the bottom wall of the package body 2 would then be in an upwardly directed, exposed condition. The walls of the combination tray and stand, in this converted heating stand condition, will then define the above-noted enclosed air space in conjunction with the floor of the microwave oven. The consumer, thus, need only place the food item upon the support wall, and because of the heat exchange relationship that, thus, would exist between the interactive layer 16 and the food, as well as the heat distributing effect of the enclosed air space, a satisfactorily heated and crisped or browned food item will be produced when the microwave oven is operated in accordance with the proper time and power requirements for the particular food.
In FIG. 4, a modified packaged arrangement is illustrated, like reference numerals being utilized to identify features common to both of the FIGS. 1 and 4 embodiments, except that a prime designation is utilized to distinguish the modified features of FIG. 4. The packaged arrangement of FIG. 4 also includes a package assembly, this package assembly 1' including an outer package body 2' defining a receiving space 3' and a disposable, inner tray 4' upon which a predetermined quantity of food 5 is situated.
The packaged body 2' is preferably of a construction which will enable the package body to be reclosed, after removal of the food therefrom, for reasons which will become more apparently in connection with the discussion of the methods of use of this embodiment. While any form of recloseable carton may be used as the outer package body, the construction thereof should be one which will not have a high likelihood of being damaged by the consumer during opening of the packaged body, and will have sufficient structural strength, to be able to support the packaged quantity of food 5, with or without the tray 4', thereon.
One known type of package that is suitable for this purpose is illustrated in FIG. 4 and is of the zip-strip opening type. In such a known construction, a pair of serrations or perforations are formed along three or four of the side walls of the package body 2', so as to create strips 2'a which may be pulled in a manner ripping a strip from the side walls which will result in the package body 2' being divided into an upper half 2'b and a lower half 2'c.
Joined to the inner side of the side walls of the lower half 2'c are inner side walls 2'd, which extend substantially the full height of the package body 2', but which are not affected by the ripping-out of the strip 2'a and which are not joined to the upper half 2'b. If zip-strips are placed on only three of the side walls, then the package body 2' may be opened in the manner of the valise, the fourth wall serving as a hinge and no inner side wall 2'd being required in association therewith.
On the other hand, if zip-strips are provided on all four sides, then four inner walls 2'd are utilized. In such a case, after the strips 2'a are detached, the top half 2'b can be removed and reapplied in a telescoping manner upon the side walls 2'd. With either three of four wall zip strips 2'a, opening of the package poses a minimal threat of the body of the package being damaged in a manner that would preclude reclosing thereof, and the inner side walls 2'd will provide support for the top panel 2'e of the package body 2'.
While the inner tray 4 of the FIG. 1 embodiment may be utilized in connection with a packaged body 2', an inner tray 4' in the nature of a paperboard pie pan having sloped walls is shown in FIG. 4, and a flat tray (not shown) may be used as well.
The method of use of the FIG. 4 embodiment will now be described. Like use of the embodiment of FIG. 1, use of the FIG. 4 embodiment involves opening of the packaged body and removal of the inner tray and quantity of food contained therein. However, instead of rearranging the inner tray within a microwave oven so as to form an air space enclosing a heating stand upon which the quantity of food is supportable in heat exchange relationship with the microwave interactive heating layer and enclosed air space, with no use being made of the outer package body for the purpose, the FIG. 4 embodiment not only has the capability of being used in the same manner as the FIG. 1 embodiment, but is capable of various different methods of use, all of which utilize at least part of the outer package body, with or without the heating tray.
With regard to the FIG. 5 usage, one half of the outer package body 2', such as the lower half 2'c, is placed on the floor 30 of a microwave oven with its open end directed downwardly, and the other half, such as the top half 2'b, is placed on top of the first half with its open end directed upwardly. When this manner of use is intended, the broken line enclosed area 20 of wall 2'e (FIG. 4) would be a microwave interactive heating layer 16' joined to the underside thereof. The quantity of food 5, thus, would be placed within the package half 2'b, in heat exchange relationship with the layer 16' and the enclosed space formed by the package half 2'c and oven floor 30. The oven would then be turned on for heating or cooking of the food in the desired manner.
Alternatively, as represented by FIG. 6, either the box 2' is reclosed or one half thereof, such as top half 2'b, is placed, open-side down, upon the microwave floor 30, thus forming an enclosed air space. The food 5, in the tray 4', would then be positioned on top of the box 2' or box half 2'b. In such a case, a microwave interactive heating layer would be placed on the bottom wall of the tray (and optionally also in the area 20 of the wall 2'e). Thus, the food will be supported in heat exchange relationship with both the enclosed air space and the microwave heat interactive layer for heating or cooking purposes.
For most efficient usage of the present invention, from a packaging standpoint, the dimensions of the parts of the package assembly will be dictated by the minimums required to enclose a given food item or quantity of food. However, it has been determined that the quality of a food product that is heated in accordance with the present invention, is a function of the height of the air-space confining support wall upon which the food is supported in heat exchange relationship. This height will vary depending upon the size and type of food products involved, but can be determined empirically for any given food product or quantity of food. Thus, to the extent that such can be achieved consistent with the noted packaging concepts, the appropriate components of the package assembly should be dimensioned such that the surface upon which the food will be supported and heated will be situated, approximately, at the empirically predetermined optimized heating height. However, in certain instances, it may not be possible or practical to so dimension the tray, outer package or package half, and in such instances use of the arrangement of FIG. 4 in the manner illustrated in connection with FIG. 7 is advantageous.
That is, by constructing the area 20 of wall 2'e as a detachable panel (such as through the use of a ring of perforations or serrations), such as panel can be removed, after opening of the package body 2', so as to create a tray receiving aperture. By dimensioning the size of such an aperture relative to the diameter of the sloping wall 4'a of tray 4', the height of the bottom of the tray 4'b can be set at any level between a fully inserted position of tray 4' within the aperture within top wall 2'e (whereat the pan would be supported by its lip 4'c resting on the panel 2'e) and the height that would be achieved by simply having the tray 4' rest on the reclosed package or the package half in the manner shown in FIG. 6. As such, regardless of the size of the package, the quantity of food can be supported upon a heating surface that is situated, approximately, at the empirically predetermined optimized heating height.
It is now apparent from the foregoing description of the various embodiments of this invention that the outer carton and the inner tray or the outer carton alone can be considered an outer packaging means which is initially operable in a packaging mode in which food may be retained within an enclosed food storage space for shipment and storage and subsequently operable in a cooking mode after the food originally located within the enclosed food storage space is removed and the outer packaging means is mechanically manipulated to form a heating stand means for supporting the removed food at a predetermined distance above the microwave oven support surface in heat transfer relation with a microwave interactive layer and for enclosing an air filled space beneath the microwave interactive layer for promoting even cooking of the removed food.
It should be recognized that while various embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been described, the present invention is susceptible to numerous changes and modifications which will have become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing disclosure. Therefore, the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the details shown and described herein, but encompasses all such changes and modifications as are within the scope of the claims.
This invention has particular utility in the packaging of food for distribution and sale in refrigerated and frozen display cases now common in most grocery stores. The disclosed package arrangement is ideally suited for packaging, shipping, vending and microwave heating of a variety of food products, but is especially useful in conjunction with those products that are subject to non-uniform heating by microwave energy and/or require browning or crisping on only one side thereof, such as in the case with pizza.


Pending before the Court is Defendant/Movant Herschel Wayne Caruthers' "Holoway Motion, " whereby he moves the Court for compassionate release (D.E. 59).
In December 2011, Movant pled guilty to conspiracy to transport and attempt to transport United States currency from the United States to Mexico, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h). He was sentenced to 150 months' imprisonment, to be followed by 2 years' supervised release. In June 2015, the Court reduced Movant's sentence to 135 months pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c) and Amendment 782 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines. According to the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Inmate Locator, his projected release date is May 4, 2021.
Movant now moves the Court to commute the remainder of his sentence and order his immediate release under Holloway v. United States, 68 F.Supp.3d 310 (E.D.N.Y. 2014). He asks the Court to consider that he is of advanced age (69 years) and has had significant heart issues for several years, including an irregular heart rhythm, a stroke, eight heart attacks, and a weak heartbeat. As a result, he is weak and unable to walk more than 50 steps without resting, he must use a walker, and he stays in bed except to go to meals, the restroom, and medical appointments. He further states that Dr. Klein, a cardiologist at the Federal Medical Center - Fort Worth, informed him on November 30, 2017, that he only has 18 months to live. Movant urges the Court to reconsider the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) sentencing factors and order his compassionate release.
[T]he court, upon motion of the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, may reduce the term of imprisonment (and may impose a term of probation or supervised release with or without conditions that does not exceed the unserved portion of the original term of imprisonment), after considering the factors set forth in section 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable, if it finds that extraordinary and compelling reasons warrant such a reduction.
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i) (emphasis added). In order for this statute to apply, the BOP Director must move the court to reduce a defendant's sentence; a court is without jurisdiction to grant compassionate release without such a motion. Schotz v. Willis, 2017 WL 1190148, at *3-*4 & n.36 (W.D. Tex. Mar. 3, 2017) (citing Engle v. United States, 26 Fed.Appx. 394, 397 (6th Cir. 2001) (district court lacks jurisdiction to sua sponte grant compassionate release to federal prisoner where BOP Director has not filed a motion requesting a modification of sentence)); Strunk v. Restro, 2016 WL 7496183, at *2 (N.D. Tex. Nov. 18, 2016), report and recommendation adopted, 2016 WL 7491852 (Dec. 30, 2016) (dismissing defendant's motion for compassionate release for lack of jurisdiction where BOP Director had not filed motion on defendant's behalf).
The BOP's policy '"generally restrict[s] compassionate release to inmates who have been diagnosed with medical conditions that are terminal within one year, or who suffer from severely debilitating and irreversible conditions that render them unable to provide self-care . . . .'" Schotz, 2017 WL 1190148, at *4 (quoting Williams v. Van Buren, 117 Fed.Appx. 985, 987 (5th Cir. 2004)). Assuming Movant fits these criteria as alleged in his current motion, he has administrative remedies available through the BOP to address such complaints. See United States v. Douglas, 696 Fed.Appx. 666, 670 n.5 (5th Cir. 2017) (citing 28 C.F.R. § 542.10). Once Movant exhausts his administrative remedies, he may petition for habeas relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 if the BOP refuses to file a motion for compassionate release on his behalf Id. (denying motion challenging BOP's improper denial of petition for compassionate release for failure to exhaust administrative remedies) (citing Gallegos-Hernandez v. United States, 688 F.3d 190, 194 (5th Cir. 2012) (Absent exceptional circumstances, "a federal prisoner filing a § 2241 petition must first pursue all available administrative remedies.")).
For the foregoing reasons. Movant's motion for compassionate release (D.E. 59) is DENIED for lack of jurisdiction.


"Frankie is smart, sharp, funny . . . and possibly a criminal mastermind"
So Frankie Landau-Banks decides to take matters into her own hands, outsmarting the secret all-male society at her rich kid boarding school by tricking the members, including her own boyfriend, into believing her increasingly outrageous commands are their leader's.
Undaunted by her male peers, Frankie contests the old-fashioned idea that it's the boys who rule the school proving that girls are not to be dismissed – even by her own father, a former member of the all-male society himself!
E. Lockhart is the author of nine novels including WE WERE LIARS, a New York Times bestseller; THE DISREPUTABLE HISTORY OF FRANKIE LANDAU-BANKS, a Michael L. Printz Award Honor Book, a finalist for the National Book Award and winner of the Cybils Award for Best Young Adult Novel; FLY ON THE WALL, DRAMARAMA, and the Ruby Oliver quartet: THE BOYFRIEND LIST, THE BOY BOOK, THE TREASURE MAP OF BOYS, and REAL LIVE BOYFRIENDS. She co-authored HOW TO BE BAD with Lauren Myracle and Sarah Mlynowski. Visit her online at: emilylockhart.com or on Twitter: @elockhart.


Second Conference on International Corporate Responsibility, Carnegie Bosch Institute and the University of Amsterdam, 18-20 June 2004.
Richardson, Benjamin J., "Corporate Finance and Environmentally Responsible Business" (2004). All Papers. 148.


Parents and guardians are crucial partners in laying the groundwork for a smooth transition to the new standards. Here are a few of our favorite resources for sharing information about the CCSS with parents and guardians. These, and many more high-quality tools for communicating with families, are available on the Student/Parent tab on the CDE CCSS Web page.
Resources for Parents and Guardians | This one-page handout includes a list of resources developed by various state and national implementation partners (including the PTA and California's county offices of education) for parents and guardians interested in learning more about the CCSS and how to support their child's attainment of these standards.
CDE Informational Handouts | The CDE has developed four informational flyers providing overviews and highlights of the CCSS. These flyers have been translated and are available in 19 different languages.
Council of Great City Schools Common Core Videos | The CGCS has developed a three-minute video explaining the CCSS and a 30-second Public Service Announcement to increase public awareness of and engagement with the CCSS. Both videos are also available in Spanish.
Shifts for Students and Parents | EngageNY has created a practical guide that provides steps that parents can take to improve their child's learning of the CCSS.


text:
package com.bety.web.mapper;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.bety.web.model.Photos;
import com.github.abel533.mapper.Mapper;

public interface PhotosMapper extends Mapper<Photos>{
	public List<Photos> findPageInfo(Map<String, Object> params);
	public int deleteByFrom(Map<String, Object> params);
	public Photos queryOneByFrom(Map<String, Object> params);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This extension uses the Dropzone.js open source file upload library to allow asynchronous file uploads in your form or ActiveForm.
Developed using Yii 1.1.13 but should work with older versions as well.
Unzip the contents to your extensions folder.
The options array accepts any option supported by the Dropzone.js library. Check the link below for all available options.
Nicely done. If you are planning any upgrades, let me suggest adding support for more events. IMHO error and complete are first candidates.
Yes I will update it as soon as I can, kind of got some big projects these days.
looks good,but how to remove the uploaded file?
how to make it reload?
I really like Dropzone a lot and also your extension making the implementation even more easier.


text:
Latest Gossip
Inbred Rich People: The Royalty Thread Part 4
Page 4 of 115 First 123456781454104 ... Last
Thread: Inbred Rich People: The Royalty Thread Part 4
May 3rd, 2020, 04:01 PM #46
faithanne
On the Hellmouth
I think it's about Eugenie - those teeth pics everyone was talking about were from her and hubby's 10th anniversary of getting together. But how would Enty have any real scoop on the BRF?
Novice likes this.
ShimmeringGlow
I could be wrong, but I think the next in line bit is about Charles. Cathy is carrying the weight of the monarchy on her thin shoulders. She has grown into the role don't you know, so it stands to figure that the rising star will ascend to greatness by bypassing Camilla.
Originally Posted by faithanne
I think he just makes stuff up mostly
sputnik, ShimmeringGlow, czb and 5 others like this.
PecanPie
Originally Posted by Sarzy
I've met him several times; he's full of shit. But pretty amazing he's managed to keep CDAN going all this time. Too bad it's turned into a cesspit. It was a lot of fun in the first few years even though I don't think those blinds had any more truth to them than the current ones.
ShimmeringGlow and Daphodil like this.
out where the buses don't run
Originally Posted by PecanPie
So it really is the same guy from start to finish? That blows my theory out of the water. I think in the beginning, like Blind Gossip, they're just very good at being forecasters. If you put the clues of any celeb's life together and make an educated guess, it's likely you'll be right. We do it all the time here.
Kittylady likes this.
"AND WHEN YOU BECAME DENISE, I TOLD ALL YOUR COLLEAGUES, THOSE CLOWN COMICS, TO FIX THEIR HEARTS OR DIE."
May 4th, 2020, 09:24 AM #51
All you have to do is put a title in front of the name of the fuggest person alive and they become marriage material. Mind-boggling.
"I am a social vegan; I avoid meet!" Anonymous Introvert
May 4th, 2020, 01:45 PM #52
Not surprisingly...
Prince Andrew reportedly still failing to cooperate with Epstein enquiries following request to speak under oath
Public attention may have been diverted elsewhere of late, but investigations into the Duke of York's links with Jeffrey Epstein have continued to unfold
by HOPE COKE
MONDAY 4 MAY 2020
Upon stepping down from public royal life in November 2019 amid the Jeffrey Epstein scandal, Prince Andrew stipulated that he was 'willing to help any appropriate law enforcement agency with their investigations, if required'. First in January and again in March, however, the Queen's second son faced allegations that he was failing to cooperate with with US federal prosecutors and the FBI, over his links to the late American financier and sex offender. Now, yet further accusations have come to light, with the royal reportedly having ignored a request to speak under oath.
According to the Mail on Sunday, the Duke of York snubbed a number of requests from American lawyer David Boies to be interviewed under oath. Boies represents more than 12 women, including Virginia Roberts Giuffre, who allege that they were abused by Epstein. He has stated that Prince Andrew has 'not been prepared to cooperate', telling the newspaper: 'We've made at least three formal written attempts sent to his address in London and also to his lawyers in the past few months.'
Andrew had previously been accused of failing to cooperate by the US Attorney Geoffrey Berman, the prosecutor in the case. Back in March, Berman told NBC News that 'Contrary to Prince Andrew's very public offer to cooperate with our investigation into Epstein's co-conspirators... Prince Andrew has now completely shut the door on voluntary cooperation'. He added that his office was 'considering its options' in the face of the resistance. Prince Andrew has denied the claims, with the Times previously reporting that he felt 'angry' and 'bewildered' following Berman's first allegations as to the royal's 'zero cooperation'This week, the Times reports that friends of the Prince believe US law firms are using his profile as a Royal Family member to keep the case in the public eye. The newspaper quotes an anonymous source as stating that a 'request from a commercial law firm is not and never will be the same as an official judicial process. No competent legal team would ever recommend cooperating with for-profit civil lawyers. That begs the question as to why these firms continue to pursue the Duke and not Epstein's estate, which should be the focus of their attention if they are to secure justice for the survivors.'
The source continues: 'The answer is either self-promotion by the law firms or an attempt to distract from the fact that their clients are no closer to justice or compensation than they were a decade ago. The US law firms have been using this trick for a decade. Time's up.'
Back in March, the Telegraph reported that the Duke had hired Clare Montgomery QC, one of the UK's experts on extradition law, to aid him in the midst of the FBI's inquiries. Montgomery's past clients include former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet and Nirav Modi, a businessman wanted for India's biggest fraud. Andrew had also reportedly hired criminal defence solicitor Gary Bloxsome, who has previously worked on cases including defending British troops against war crime allegations.
Boies is quoted in the Times as stating: 'It's not that I don't appreciate why he wants to lawyer up – I do appreciate that. But if he could step back and look down the road and focus on what's the endgame; "If I avoid extradition, do I really want to have this hanging over my head and my family's head for the rest of my life? Do I want my epitaph to be: I succeeded in escaping justice?"Boies also questioned the quality of the advice given to the Duke, stating that often 'people in his position are surrounded by advisers who sometimes think that they will be more valued if they come across as very aggressive on their principal's behalf, and that can lead to somebody not getting very good advice… It can be hard to tell your principal that he's got to do something he doesn't want to do.' He added that he felt assured prosecutors would continue in their efforts, stating: 'I've got quite a bit of confidence that they will not let this drop.'
Among the allegations levelled against Andrew are those of Virginia Giuffre (née Roberts), who claims to have been trafficked as a teenage 'sex slave' for Epstein. She accuses the Duke of having had sex with her on at least three occasions during this period, after she was introduced to him at London's Tramp nightclub in 2001, when she was 17. The Duke has previously stated that he has no recollection of having met Giuffre, and continues to categorically deny claims of wrongdoing against him.
https://www.tatler.com/article/princ...r-oath-request
Prince Andrew reportedly 'completely shut the door on voluntary cooperation' in Epstein enquiries
Brookie likes this.
Originally Posted by Waterslide
I haven't been in touch with him in years, just before the site changed to the current design. At the time, I wondered if it was till him writing it. I think it is (tone of the posts seems similar) but I don't know for certain. I am fairly certain 99.9% of what is on the site is made up, wishful thinking and the occasional good guess. The comment section used to be a lot less toxic. I can't even recall the last time I went over there, and I used to be on that site daily.
Back in the day, when I was into "Scandal" a "fan" that claimed to have insider info, from Italy, used to share her apparently made up stories with him. She would post something on Tumblr and 2 days later a new blind item would pop up about Kerry Washington and Tony Goldwyn that had the same wording as her story. She used the blind items as validation of her insider info when in reality he was just posting made up stuff that sounded like it could be real. Nothing she posted was ever proven. Nothing.
Originally Posted by ShimmeringGlow
As I recall, he also used to crib a lot from the British tabloids. Knowing some of the "celebs" he does know ... I think the site is 99% bullshit.
Daphodil likes this.
Daphodil
Somewhere in the Midwest
Yeah, it was a daily site for me, too. Then he took our money for the "radio show" or whatever. Then he changed the design to match Perez Hilton and the commentators became as toxic as Hilton's too and it really stopped being fun. I was out. Drifted about for a while and landed here. I feel there are more grown-ups here. LOL.
ConstanceSpry likes this.
Beyond Caring, then hang a left.
Originally Posted by Daphodil
Only chronological
czb, twitchy2.0, MsDark and 4 others like this.
Right ... the radio show. That was definitely his voice. (He's never been married, so all the ex wives is fiction...) I still recall people complaining because he promised things like autographed books etc. that never materialized.
Prince Andrew is butt slime. With a crown.
crayzeehappee and DawnM74 like this.
^ Charles had better save some of his money for him!
I have some famous friends and I have mostly not famous friends.
By sputnik in forum Latest Gossip
Last Post: April 25th, 2020, 07:33 AM
By twitchy2.0 in forum Latest Gossip
Last Post: September 23rd, 2019, 01:14 PM
Tremendous people. All the best people. The general politics thread.
By twitchy2.0 in forum U.S. Politics and Issues
The Royalty Thread
By BITTER in forum Latest Gossip
Last Post: November 23rd, 2016, 07:25 PM
John Rich from Big & Rich names his baby...Cash Rich. Lame!!
By fgg in forum Latest Gossip

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This paper draws on the Existing Tenants Survey to examine rents in the social housing sector.
Variations are primarily explained by size of dwelling and location, with rents in London highest, and set to rise further to meet target rents. However, there are also differences between new and existing tenants and working and non-working households. The authors note that local average rents should be treated with some caution as the survey points to considerable variation in the rents faced by individual tenants within local areas.


The Baroness and the Bear started performing together in 2014. Aiming to be a little different and incorporate different aspects of blues music. they have been enthusiastically received and delighted to be invited back to play at so many events including blues and music festivals, charity and corporate events, weddings and private parties.
Having established a common interest in music, people, community and generally having a good time, Julie and Bob got married in 2013! They formed the band and started performing in local venues and were soon invited to travel further afield, playing Festivals in Swanage, London, Reading, Chelmsford and some beautiful venues for private functions.
The Baroness and The Bear's music is varied and covers many styles from traditional 'Classic and Old' blues such as Lil Green and Willie Dixon, to Cakewalks and Gospel, including more modern unique styles such as Tom Waites, Madelaine Peyroux, some jazzy turns and a few original compositions thrown in.
The Baroness and the Bear are the nucleus of the band, often preforming as a duo and also as a band with the very talented Paul Borley drums/percussion and our newest recruit Steve Smith on Guitar. We are also privileged to occasionally work with other wonderful musicians "Rhythm Travellers" such as the very talented John William – lead guitar/flamenco, Robert Hokum Dobra and Guitar, Sarah O'Neil and Kevin Lowen – Violin and Wendy Benefer on Drums, Violin and Guitar!
All very lovely people and awesome musicians.
The last few years have been exciting and The Baroness and the Bear are also 'Rhythm Travellers' playing with other artists around the country at some truly special gigs. From a charity gig outside a vegetable shop to high society weddings and parties!


It took me over thirty years to see my country of birth. Let me explain. I was born in Korea and adopted to a Swiss mother and Australian father when I was less than a year old. I was raised with a mix of Australian and Swiss traditions, and although my parents were always open about my Korean heritage (it would have been difficult to hide it) and interested in it themselves, I would go so far as to say I may be the most un-Korean Korean around. I love meat, hate seafood, stand taller than most Asians and definitively sound like an Aussie. I have, however, always been curious about the country in which I was born, and this year I finally made the ten-hour flight to see it.
Before I left for Seoul, I knew a handful of things. I am a fan of Korean barbecue (where you cook the meat on a hot plate in the centre of the table and eat it with accompanying pickled vegetables and dipping sauces), I love kimchi (fermented cabbage dressed with red chilli), I was born in a village about an hour outside of Seoul, Seoul is an enormous city, I once wanted to teach English in Busan and I cannot speak the language.
Before I left for Seoul, I knew a handful of things. I am a fan of Korean barbecue, I love kimchi, I was born in a village about an hour outside of Seoul, Seoul is an enormous city, I once wanted to teach English in Busan and I cannot speak the language.
Needless to say, when planning this trip we sought information from friends who have lived in Seoul, from friends who have visited, and from a travel agent we use whenever we're heading to a country we feel we need some guidance about. Interestingly, all three sources pointed us to Myeong-dong, a tourist area with N Seoul Tower dominating its skyline. I will point out here for the travellers who seek authentic experiences that Western tourism in Korea is still on the rise, and although you can get by comfortably with English, hand gestures, smiles and opening yourself to dining experiences full of surprises are part of the adventure.
Our plan was to base ourselves in Seoul for a week, explore the local sights and eat as much Korean barbecue and bibimbap as we could. The Sejong Hotel we chose is conveniently located next to Myeong-dong subway station, and at one end of the area's busy outdoor market. The market is a colourful, bustling maze of streets filled with places to eat, shops selling souvenirs and popular international clothing brands, and street-food vendors offering everything from roasted chestnuts to dim sum. The market really comes to life when the sun goes down, and it's best to acquiesce and allow yourself to be swept along with the pace of the crowd.
Gyeongbokgung Palace (The Palace Greatly Blessed by Heaven) and Changdeokgung Palace offer contrast to the modern skyscrapers that surround their outer walls. Gyeongbokgung Palace was the main royal palace until it was destroyed in the Japanese invasion in 1592–98 and the royal family's secondary residence, Changdeokgung Palace, was rebuilt to house the family. Our arrival at Gyeongbokgung Palace coincided with the reenactment of the Royal Guard-Changing Ceremony, complete with brightly coloured uniforms. After the obligatory photo with the guards in the background, we roamed the palace grounds at our own pace, stopping to read the information plaques outside each building, sometimes falling in with an English-speaking tour group. At the rear of Changdeokgung Palace is the Secret Garden, which was full of stunning Autumn colours at the time of our visit. At Gyeongbokgung Palace we chanced upon some girls in traditional Korean dress who were merrily taking photos of themselves, and a kimchi-making class at the neighbouring National Folk Museum of Korea.
Before we left for Korea, I'd read about the lantern display along Cheong-gye-cheon, a man-made stream that runs through the centre of the city. We arrived in time to see the display while exploring the area during the day, but unfortunately were twenty-four hours too late to see the lanterns lit up at night. As consolation, even in daylight they're impressive; each a building, an object or a scene.
The sheer size of Seoul can only be understood by taking in the 360-degree view from the Observatory of N Seoul Tower. The city stretches past the edge of your visibility, fading into the haze and leaving you to wonder just how much further its limit lies. We soon realised Myeong-dong is just a small corner of Seoul. Looking out across the buildings which are home to millions, I couldn't help but wonder what my life would have been like had I grown up in Korea.
I have a folder of documents about my adoption, two black-and-white photos of me as a baby before I arrived in Australia, and now, the details of the village where I was born. As I mentioned, I landed in Korea knowing that 'I was born in a village about an hour outside of Seoul'. Much as I would like to put my lack of planning down to my usually organised self uncharacteristically leaving my research to the eleventh hour, the truth is I made the decision that I wanted to learn more about where I was born the night before we left home. This resulted in emails to the adoption agency while I was travelling, and receiving the answer I was looking for the day I left Korea.
My indecisiveness didn't completely thwart our original plan to travel to my place of birth. Following a discussion with the hotel concierge, we chose to take a day trip to Asan because it is an hour away by KTX train; perhaps my instincts and geography would lead me home? Although we learnt afterwards that we hadn't travelled far enough, the day was one of the most memorable of our holiday. Asan is a tourist destination known for its hot springs and spas. The KTX train stops on the outskirts of the town, in the middle of nowhere. With our inability to speak any language other than English, we found a tourist map (in Korean) at the station, showed it to the taxi driver, and pointed to the biggest cluster of cartoon buildings on it. Away we were whisked, to a near-deserted and very secluded hotel and spa. Fortunately, here we ran into the best-English-speaking Korean in the country, whose absence of an accent highlighted our multilingual shortcomings. With his help we did make it to the town's centre, where we ended up wandering through the biggest seafood market I've ever set foot in.
Before this journey, I could count the number of Koreans I had met on one hand. During our travels we met friendly, understanding, helpful people. The waiter who jovially showed me how to eat a dish I had ordered. The dry cleaner who offered me tea minutes before he was due to close for the day while my husband dashed across the street to withdraw cash. The taxi driver who knew two English words but animatedly told us about the sights and landmarks we passed. Happily, on this homecoming of sorts I found another piece of what makes me me.


text:
Critical Equipments and Technologies of Active Carbon Flue Gas Multi-pollutions and Efficient Purification Have ...
It was on September 27 that a news got from "A Research on Critical Equipments and Technologies of Active Carbon Flue Gas Multipollutions and Efficient Purification" organized and held by the Chinese Society for Metals that the critical equipments and technologies of active carbon flue gas multipollutions and efficient purification have achieved international leading level jointly completed by CIE, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. and Tsinghua University.
With less than 720 square meters of whole series sintering machine technology research and development and construction ability, it has served China's steel industry for over 60 years old, whose cumulative design and construction of sintering machine project quantity and area have ranked to the top of the whole world. For so many problems for governing equipment and technology, such as lacking core equipment and key technologies, national flue gas multipollutions, CIE cooperated with Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. and Tsinghua University to do a lot of basic researches based on the distribution rule of flue gas multipollutions, the adsorption mechanism between active carbon and multipollutions, and the regeneration mechanism of active carbon. In addition, they also researched the process of adsorption reaction tower and regeneration tower's heat transfer and mass transfer. They not only completed the construction of optimized adsorption reaction tower and regeneration tower, the research of transport system, but also developed a full set of critical equipments and technologies of active carbon flue gas and multiple pollutants through calculating and simulating the mechanical condition of adsorption reaction tower and regeneration tower.
So far, successful applications have been done at Baosteel Zhanjiang's 2 sintering machines of flue gas purification project covering an area of 550 square meters and Baosteel No.3 Sinter Plant's sintering machines of flue gas purification project covering an area of 600 square meters being a synchronous and continuous operation with main production facilities for over 12 months. As for the emission concentration of single tower process, the sulfur dioxide is less than 20 mg of flue gas exhaustion per standard cubic meter, the nitric oxide is less than 120 mg of flue gas exhaustion per standard cubic meter, the dioxin is less than 0.35 ng of TEQ per standard cubic meter, the dust is less than 20 mg per standard cubic meter. As for the emission concentration of double tower process, the sulfur dioxide is less than 10 mg of flue gas exhaustion per standard cubic meter, the nitric oxide is less than 50 mg of flue gas exhaustion per standard cubic meter, the Dioxin is less than 0.05 ng of TEQ per standard cubic meter, the dust is less than 10 mg per standard cubic meter, which is obviously lower than the national special emission limit.
In the meantime, the result has obtained 20 patents for authorized invention and 4 patents for utility models.
Evaluation Expert Committee agrees that "Critical Equipments and Technologies of Active carbon Flue Gas Multipollutions and Efficient Purification" have achieved international leading level with significantly lower sintered flue gas pollutants compared with the national special emission limit, remarkable environmental benefit and vast market prospect, which should be further promoted and applied.
CIE put into full operation of its phase I sintering project of Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corp
CIE put into operation of its main suction frequency conversion renovation project of Xin Steel No. 7 sintering


Turner & Harper is a British manufacturer who have been designing and making beautiful and functional products for the home since 2011. Our brushes are made by hand, in Buckinghamshire, by sixth generation brush makers who have been in business for over one hundred and fifty years. Made from high-grade hog bristles and oiled hardwoods, each brush is hand-crafted with care using a combination of traditional manufacturing techniques and precision technology. We are stocked by retailers in Europe, Asia and America. If you are interested in becoming a stockist please get in touch.


Functions as a radio, digital media bay and battery charger all in one. Plays MP3 players, plays CD players, plays SD memory cards, and plays USB thumb drive storage devices. Operates on standard AC power or any Bosch 12V, 14.4, 18, or 24V battery pack. Features a 4-way GFCI protected outlet that meets OSHA requirements which can be used to power-up tools and equipment. Radio stations can be preset for FM (20 stations) and AM (10 stations). Aluminum roll cage protects the unit from a 10 foot drop. Buttons, speakers, battery chamber and media bay are dust and weather resistant.


Becoming an E.S.A. Customer provides you with many benefits. Save money today!
Includes one precision air conditioning tune-up (spring/summer) and one heating tune-up (fall/winter) for a total of TWO cleanings per year.
Filter packages include a ONE YEAR SUPPLY of filters; (12) pleated 1″ or (2) space guard/media or (2) E.A.C. cleaning. All filters delivered.
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Discounts on ALL Indoor Air Quality (I.A.Q.) products.
Manufacturer's replacement parts (UV lamps, inline water filters, etc.) will be an additional charge.
An additional charge for extensive cleaning of the blower wheel and evaporator coil may apply.


Lepocinclis fusca; with two big paramylon grains (yellow arrowheads).
Lepocinclis fusca: with spirally orientated striations of the pellicula.
Lepocinclis fusca: specimen from (2).
Lepocinclis fusca; same specimen as above. The faintly distinct metabolic movement is visible. The cell is able to twist.
Lepocinclis fusca; in contrast to L. spirogyroides the pellicular strations show pyramid-like ornamentations. The arrowheads point to areas where the "pyramids" are lacking.


text:
Q: How can I modify a selection field from another class in odoo 9? I want to modify the "invoice_status" field from the "SaleOrder" class asociated to an invoice after the validation of that invoice.
The validation of an invoice is defined in the "AccountInvoice" class, inside the account module:
@api.multi
def invoice_validate(self):
  ...

I realised that the "name" field from "SaleOrder" class is related with the "origin" field from "AccountInvoice" class.
So, i modified the invoice_validate function like this:
@api.multi
def invoice_validate(self):
    for invoice in self:
        ...
        origin = self.origin
        sale_order_id = self.env['sale.order'].search([('name', '=', origin)])[0].id
        sale_order_obj = self.env['sale.order'].browse(sale_order_id)
        sale_order_obj.write({'invoice_status': 'invoiced'})
    return self.write({'state': 'open'})

For some reason, the write parte doesn't work.
That is the official definition of the "invoice_status" field from SaleOrder class:
invoice_status = fields.Selection([
    ('upselling', 'Upselling Opportunity'),
    ('invoiced', 'Fully Invoiced'),
    ('to invoice', 'To Invoice'),
    ('no', 'Nothing to Invoice')
    ], string='Invoice Status', compute='_get_invoiced', store=True, readonly=True, default='no')

A: You cannot set the value of invoice_status because it is a compute field. Even if you set it's value, it will be recomputed again when the field it depends on is changed and will eventually find the value it is supposed to have --and write that value instead of yours.
Odoo made it so that it work (it will say invoiced when the order is invoiced). So I don't think you need to do it maually. If you badly need to have your value stored, you should change that field so that it is not computed anymore, or create another field.

A: Check the selection_add attribute of the Selection class.
If you want to add some items to a selection field you have to redefine it in another class that inherits from the same model and declare it like this:
invoice_status = fields.Selection(selection_add=[("state", "open")])

Check the Selection class documentation and search for selection_add in your codebase to see some examples.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Gerry Brent Scott of Auxvasse, Mo left this world surrounded by his children and loved ones on April 7, 2019. Gerry was loved by all who had the pleasure of meeting him and never passed the opportunity to humorously torment everyone that he met or to go fishing. He was preceded in death by his father, Charles "Bud" Scott and is survived by his mother, Joy L. Scott, one brother, Galen K. Scott and three sisters, Anna L. Underwood, Sandra J. Scott, and Clarissa L. Gooch. He also left behind 5 amazing children Monica A. Ayers, Dusten C. Scott, Corey J. Scott, Keith M. Scott, and Allison J. Scott and multiple grandchildren. Gerry was born June 19, 1960 and was a proud Marine and much to his surprise and delight received an honorable discharge.


text:
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Home Articles The Dropbox DMCA Controversy Explained
The Dropbox DMCA Controversy Explained
Jonathan Baileyzbzdsuxtttuvfvfeacysyezxxdbdyura
On Saturday, Darrel Whitelaw, a designer and Dropbox user sent out a tweet that quickly caught fire on the Internet.
According to Whitelaw's Tweet, Dropbox, which is a popular cloud storage and synchronization service, had removed content from a "personal folder" due to a DMCA request. He claimed that it raised issues about whether or not content uploaded to Dropbox was private or not.
However, that turned out to be exactly be what happened. Dropbox can be used both for private storage and for sharing files with others. Whitelaw had apparently shared a link on his dropbox to a folder that contained a copyrighted video. When he shared the link, Dropbox detected that some of the content was a match to another file that had received a Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notice and shuttered the link instantly, posting the DMCA warning.
This automated content matching is called hashing and it's something that Dropbox has done for years. Historically though, it's been used for de-duplication, meaning that if you and another person try to upload the same file, Dropbox only keeps one copy to save on storage costs.
But as the number of DMCA notices Dropbox received began to rise, it used the hashing system to proactively block links to infringing material. Once a file has become the subject of a DMCA notice, any future attempts to share it publicly are shut down instantly, preventing the rightsholders from having to file a second notice and also eliminating questions about whether Dropbox was complying with the DMCA, questions contributed to Megaupload's fate.
So what exactly is Dropbox doing and is it unethical? The answer is no and, if anything, it's a good role model for other cloud services to follow.
Hashing and Blacklisting
TechCrunch has a great explanation for how Dropbox's system works for those who want more details. However, the basics of it are fairly simple to understand.
Every file that is uploaded to Dropbox is put through an algorithm that generates what is known as a hash. A hash is unique to each file For example, if you upload a text file of this post it would generate one hash. Add a sentence to the end and upload it again, the hash would be different.
This is just as true for a small text file as it is a large movie file.
As stated above, Dropbox uses this system to prevent the uploading of duplicate files. If you and a 1,000 other people all have the same MP3, it doesn't make sense for Dropbox to store 1,000 copies. It can just store one and give every uploader private access to it.
However, when one user shares a public link to that file and it becomes the subject of a DMCA notice, all public links are removed. Though the file remains in the private lockers of those who upload it, no one can share the file publicly.
This file, or rather its hash, remains on a blacklist and as new users upload it and try to share it, they too find that their public links are being deactivated, usually as soon as they create them. The result is that no version of that exact file can be shared publicly again on Dropbox.
This process is very similar to the idea of "takedown and stay down", which has been a particularly hot topic on DMCA safe harbor issues. Though many hosts claim such a system is impractical, Dropbox shows that not only is it possible for some hosts, but it can be very effective.
Some Key Points to Remember
There are several key points to remember about the way Dropbox handles these automated takedowns:
Only Applies to Shared Documents: It only applies to documents that are shared. You are free to have all of the pirated and infringing content you want in your private locker, so long as you do not attempt to share it.
No Documents Are Actually Deleted: Documents are not actually deleted, that would remove them from private drives. Instead, shared access to them is deleted, meaning that no one other than the original uploader(s) can access them.
This is Done Without Snooping: Dropbox doesn't need to know what is in the files, just that the file matches a hash on a blacklist. No one at Dropbox is looking into user accounts to remove infringements.
In short, everything Dropbox is doing is above boards and it's things they have been doing for years now. None of this is new.
This is, simply put, an example of a narrative running off and gaining a lot of traction. It a narrative that even Whitelaw himself says is not the case.
While it's always unfortunate when a person or a company gets unfairly maligned, even when they are eventually cleared, the case has been a useful one as it's drawn a great deal of attention to Dropbox's DMCA process and most of that attention has been in a positive light.
But perhaps what is most interesting about it is that Dropbox has been able to turn itself into one of the largest and most popular cloud storage/hosting companies with a DMCA policy that is very proactive on copyright issues.
Dropbox is proof that it is possible to build a cloud hosting service that takes copyright issues seriously. While it is just one example and one company, so it is not necessarily relevant to others, in a time where many file hosting services hide behind the DMCA and take only minimal steps to deal with infringement, Dropbox is a company that stands out for both having a strong copyright stance and being a great success.
However, it could be argued that Dropbox's success is not in spite of its copyright policies, but in part because of them. Dropbox avoids many of the DMCA headaches that competitors see and, by being less of a haven for pirated works, it's more appealing to enterprise customers, which has been the company's focus.
In short, Dropbox has a very specific brand for itself and it's a brand that is incompatible with piracy. Thus, it's copyright efforts have done far more to help it than hurt it.
The main thing to remember is that Dropbox's DMCA policy does not invade anyone's privacy, it doesn't delete private files, isn't new and doesn't do anything unethical. Instead, all it does is block the sharing of works that have already been the subject of a DMCA notice and it does it in a way that doesn't require anyone to look at the files.
While this type of system likely won't work for all hosts of all types, it's worked very well for Dropbox, even giving them several advantages, and can work well for similar companies.
Still, the (temporary) frenzy over Dropbox's DMCA process does show just how sensitive these issues are and it does provide a reminder that, whatever their policy is, they need to be transparent about it.
While Dropbox was able to turn the public relations disaster around quickly, other companies might not be so lucky, even if they too aren't doing anything unethical at all.
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nbn writedown likely to be "inevitable"
The looming federal election is increasingly likely to be a make-or-break moment for the troubled nbn project, and a writedown of the value of the network is looking to be a certainty according to experts.
In comments to Fairfax Media, the first CEO of NBN Co, Mike Quigley, said a writedwon of nbn assets is now "inevitable" due to the "disastrous" rollout to date.
Quigley said the Coalition's move to a multitechnology rollout model had severely hurt both the revenue-generating capacity and the useful life of the project.
Under the multitechnology mix model, the project's peak funding costs have ballooned to $51 billion and the ability to generate revenue had been severely constrained, he said.
Labor has already indicated that it is open to writing down part of the project's value. But the government has insisted that NBN Co is on a pathway to sustainable revenue generation and that the government is not considering a writedown of its loan or equity.
But telecommunications analyst Paul Budde, who consulted extensively on Labor's original design for the nbn project and has been suggesting for some time that a writedown may be needed, noted that PwC, Standard & Poor and the Productivity Commission have all since made similar suggestions.
In a blog post, Budde said the election represents a chance to overhaul the project and introduce "nbn 3.0". But fixing the project will require careful planning.
"[M]ore and more people and organisations have mentioned that the current financial model is not well suited for the next step, but a willy-nilly write-off is certainly not what is needed to fix the problems," he said.
Budde said the potential change in government represents a chance to finally conduct a thorough cost benefit analysis of the project, taking into account difficult-to-measure economic benefits such as the ability of a national broadband network to facilitate digital transformation in areas including health, education, government and the energy sector.
"This is in my opinion the key reason why we have ended up with the current nbn mess. It is impossible to build such a network purely based on neoliberal economics, if you want to truly promote this as critical national infrastructure you will have to take the national interest into account and put a value on productivity, innovation, cost savings and so on," he said.
As a ballpark estimate, Budde said roughly 50% of the investment of the project can be earmarked for the national good and the rest can be financed commercially based on a long-term utility investment model.
As has been made clear by recently published ACCC statistics, this upgrade will mainly involve replacing or upgrading the fibre-to-the-node (FTTN) component of the network, Budde said.
The ACCC today published its latest quarterly Wholesale Market Indicators Report, finding that just under a quarter of the nbn's nearly 4.8 million customers are still subscribed to the lowest tier 12 Mbps download speed plan.
But the proportion of customers on 50 Mbps or higher plans also increased to 56% for the December quarter, up from just 16% during the same period a year earlier. Due to NBN Co's Focus on 50 promotion to encourage wholesale adoption of 50 Mbps plans, the number of customers on 25 Mbps plans nearly halved to 945,476.


text:
How Rich Do You Have To Be To Afford A Lamborghini?
How rich do you have to be to afford a Lamborghini? So if you're making $50,000 a year, you buy a car that's less than $25,000. However, since cars are a depreciating asset, the less you pay for a car, the better. But based on the less-than-half-your-salary rule, to buy a Lamborghini you need to be making… $480,000 a year.
Similarly, Can you buy a Lamborghini without being rich?
Conclusion. Don't let your dream car remain a dream. In today's market, it is 100% possible to own a Lamborghini, even if you're not a millionaire.
Secondly, Can a regular person buy a Lamborghini? While in theory, anyone can buy a Lamborghini, it's actually an extremely unachievable goal for anything but the world's highest earners. You need a massive salary or bank account to afford one, and the running costs are monumental. Also, they're quite exclusive and hard to come by.
Hereof, What's the cheapest you can buy a Lamborghini for?
Priced from $211,321, the Urus is the cheapest Lamborghini available.
Is a Lamborghini good investment?
In most cases, no. A supercar should not be considered an investment. You should buy it to enjoy, and typically, even if you enjoy it, you won't lose out too much on its value. Many supercars depreciate much differently than even luxury vehicles.
Related Question for How Rich Do You Have To Be To Afford A Lamborghini?
How do you finance a Lamborghini?
Secured car loan. Banks, credit unions and online lenders all offer secured car loans, which use the vehicle you're buying as collateral.
Unsecured car loan.
Financing through Lamborghini Financial Services.
Leasing through Lamborghini Financial Services.
How much is it to rent a Lamborghini?
How can I become a millionaire?
Focus on earning.
Develop multiple streams of income.
Save to invest, don't save to save.
Don't show off — show up.
Change your mindset about money.
Invest in yourself.
Set goals and visualise achieving them.
What's the monthly payment on a Lamborghini?
Lamborghini rebates and incentives
You can finance the vehicle, with a MSRP of $231,995, for $1,995 a month for 144 months.
How do I qualify for a Lamborghini?
Which is better Ferrari or Lambo?
Overall, Ferrari's catalog is the fastest in the industry. That said, there are a few Lamborghinis that edge Ferrari out. The Lamborghini Aventador, for instance, has a top speed of 217 mph, a solid 30 seconds faster than the fastest Ferrari (the Ferrari 488 GTB). This also makes it the tenth fastest car in the world.
What's it like owning a Lamborghini?
Driving a lambo is a very visceral experience. It's loud, and you can feel the engine rumbling through your bones as you shift (all paddle shift these days) and downshift. Everyone should experience a v10 downshifting hard through a tunnel at least once in their lives.
How much is a Gucci Lamborghini?
The supercar is a Lamborghini Aventador which retail for a starting price of $421,321. This model Lambo is powered by a 730-plus-hp 6.5-liter V12 engine. Based on Keyshia Ka'oir's caption, this is the SV model which is the track tuned version woth a MSRP of around $580K.
Which country has cheapest Lamborghini?
According to the findings, Canada has the lowest entry price for the coupe, at $231,700 (US$173,613) or 81 per cent cheaper than the global average.
What's the most expensive car?
What Is The Most Expensive Car In The World? The most expensive car in the world – officially – is the Bugatti La Voiture Noire. With a price tag of $18.7 million after taxes, the one-off Bugatti La Voiture Noire is officially the priciest new car ever.
Does Lamborghini lose value?
A Lamborghini Huracan will depreciate 46% after 5 years and have a 5 year resale value of $162,399. A used Huracan actually holds its value rather well, especially in the exotic market. The trick is just to not buy it new.
Which Lamborghini is best to buy?
Best lamborghini to buy
Lamborghini Miura. The original 'supercar', Gandini's stunningly beautiful Miura set the bar for mid-Sixties sports cars and revised the language of performance car design ever after.
Lamborghini Countach.
Lamborghini Diablo.
Lamborghini Gallardo Superleggera.
Lamborghini Huracán Performante.
Is it better to buy or lease a Lamborghini?
Leasing is a lot different than financing, but often it is the right choice to make when considering an exotic vehicle. When you lease, you are paying for the depreciation plus monthly rental charges. You pay for what you use! This results in payments that are almost always lower than financing payments.
What credit score do I need for Lamborghini?
If you go through Lamborghini for your financing, they'll require a credit score of 740 and a 25% down payment. Other lenders may not have such stringent requirements. Shop around to see what lenders are willing to offer you based on your income and credit score to get the best rate.
How long can I finance a Lamborghini?
Well, Lamborghini just announced new financing incentives for its Murcielago LP460 coupe and roadster models, which both start at a price of $354,000. The offers include 5.9% for a 12-year term. Yes, 12 years to pay off this amazing vehicle.
Does Lamborghini do finance?
Lamborghini Financial Services offers flexible leasing and financing solutions to complete your visionary experience and Lamborghini ownership.
How much is it to rent a Lambo Dubai?
Renting a Lamborghini in Dubai will usually cost between 3,500 AED and 4000 AED per day.
How much is it to rent a Bugatti for a day?
The day rate for the Bugatti Veyron is $20,000 to $25,000, including taxes, which is about the price of a new Toyota Camry. It's the most expensive car rental in America, according to Royalty Exotic Cars, a luxury car specialist and rental company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, where you can rent the Bugatti Veyron.
How much is it to rent a McLaren?
At a daily rental rate of about $1,400, you can expect to pay about $9,800 to rent a McLaren for 7 days. Most car rental companies offer weekly discount rates of up to 15% so the cost could be lower than that.
How can I get rich in my 20s?
Have a Plan of Action.
Maximize Your Earning Potential.
Have Multiple Sources of Income.
Have Long-term Plans.
Having Passive Income.
Start Your Own Enterprise.
Choose Your Friends Wisely.
Set Your Goals.
How can I get rich with no money?
Pay yourself first. How much ever you make, pay your future self first.
Make your money work for you- building passive income sources.
Index funds or equity-based mutual funds.
Be a smart consumer.
Surround yourself with the right people.
What jobs can make you rich?
Here are 14 jobs that often have lucrative advancement opportunities, which can help make you a millionaire when you plan ahead and are successful in your career.
Professional athlete.
Investment banker.
Lawyer.
Certified public accountant.
Insurance agent.
Engineer.
Real estate agent.
Who can buy Ferrari?
Buying a standard Ferrari
In addition to most purchasers needing to prove they have owned Ferraris before, age can be a factor as well, as many dealers won't sell to purchasers under the age of 40. Purchasers will also need to have a large deposit and a suitably high credit score in order to get finance for the car.
Is it expensive to own a Lamborghini?
It's not cheap! Total 2-Year Cost - $266,965 All together over your two year term you will be spending close to $300k just to have one vehicle in your driveway that you can only drive for 2,500 miles a year. The total cost PER YEAR comes out to be $133,485!
How much does Lamborghini make per car?
In an annual report, Bentley wasn't far behind the German brand, with over $20,000 in profits per car. VW considers Lamborghini a part of Audi, and the two brands managed just $5,200 in profits per vehicle. In comparison, the Volkswagen brand itself made just $850 per car-- a 2.9 percent profit margin.
What's faster a Lamborghini or McLaren?
On the performance front, the McLaren 720S easily outmuscles the Lamborghini Huracan EVO. The McLaren 720S is the faster of the two cars, with a top speed of 212 mph, compared to 201 mph for the Huracan EVO.
What car is the fastest?
Who owns Lamborghini?
Can you drive a Lamborghini daily?
Used or not, they both agree that Lamborghinis aren't everyday driving vehicles. "It's the car for a weekend," said Aharon. "It's not that comfortable to drive for 10 hours a day. It's pretty low to the ground, and you must constantly watch out for construction and speed bumps."
Can you drive a supercar everyday?
Driving a supercar makes your daily commute just a little less dull, and can make even the most annoying traffic that much more enjoyable. There are some sacrifices that need to be made to make driving a supercar everyday work, but if you're willing to make those sacrifices it can be well worth it.
What Does Aventador Mean In Lamborghini?
Why Does The New Corvette Look Like A Lamborghini?
What Cars Are Faster Than A Lamborghini?
How Much Is A Basic Lamborghini?
Can You Buy A Lamborghini Egoista?