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Patellogastropoda Lindberg 1986
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Patellogastropoda: Brief Summary
The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.
The clade Patellogastropoda is deemed monophyletic based on optimal phylogenetic analysis.
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Comprehensive Description
Patellogastropoda
The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade[2] or as a taxonomic order.[3]
The clade Patellogastropoda is deemed monophyletic based on optimal phylogenetic analysis.[4]
1.1 2005 taxonomy
6 Life habits
6.1 Feeding
6.2 Homing behaviour
6.3 Predators and other risks
7 Human use
Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R. Lindberg, 1986, as an order, and was later included in the subclass Eogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1996.[5]
2005 taxonomy
Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 designated Patellogastropoda, true limpets, as a clade, rather than as a taxon, but within included superfamilies and families as listed below. Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †:
Superfamily Patelloidea
Family Patellidae
Superfamily Nacelloidea
Family Nacellidae
Superfamily Lottioidea
Family Lottiidae
Family Acmaeidae Forbes, 1850
subfamily Acmaeinae Forbes, 1850
subfamily Pectinodontinae Pilsbry, 1891
subfamily Rhodopetalinae Lindberg, 1981
Family Lepetidae
Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
Family Neolepetopsidae
† Family Daminilidae
† Family Lepetopsidae
With the exception of calling Patellogastropoda a clade rather than an order, as was previously the case in Ponder and Lindberg, 1997 the taxon has not changed much, differing more in the arrangement of its content rather than in the overall composition. Bouchet and Rocroi omitted Ponder and Lindberg's suborders, and added in the superfamily Neolepetopsoidea.
Nakano & Ozawa (2007)[3] made many changes in the taxonomy of the Patellogastropoda, based on molecular phylogeny research: Acmaeidae is a synonym of Lottiidae; Pectinodontinae is elevated to Pectinodontidae; new family Eoacmaeidae with the new type genus Eoacmaea is established.[3]
A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Patellogastropoda by Nakano & Ozawa (2007)[3] and superfamilies based on World Register of Marine Species:[6]
.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.clade td{border:0;padding:0;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.8em;border:0;padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{border:0;padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right} Patellogastropoda   Lottioidea
Lottiidae (including Acmaea and Niveotectura)
Pectinodontidae
Lepetidae
Nacellidae
Patelloidea
Patellidae
Eoacmaeoidea
Eoacmaeidae
Note that the family Neolepetopsidae is not in the cladogram above, because its members were not genetically analyzed by Nakano & Ozawa (2007).[3] However, two Neolepetosidae species Eulepetopsis vitrea and Paralepetopsis floridensis were previously analyzed by Harasewych & McArthur (2000),[7] who confirmed their placement within Acmaeoidea/Lottioidea based on analysis of partial 18S rDNA.[7] The Daminilidae and Lepetopsidae are also not included in the cladogram, because they are exclusively fossil families. All of these three families belong to superfamily Lottioidea.[6]
Actual taxonomy based on data by Nakano & Ozawa (2007)[3] with placement of the three remaining families (Neolepetopsidae, Daminilidae, Lepetopsidae) into Lottioidea is like this:
superfamily Eoacmaeoidea
family Eoacmaeidae
family Pectinodontidae
In 2007, two years following Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, Tomoyuki Nakano and Tomowo Ozawa referred to the order Patellogastropoda.[3]
Ventral view of Patella rustica showing its foot and head with tentacles.
Patellogastropoda have flattened, cone-shaped shells, and the majority of species are commonly found adhering strongly to rocks or other hard substrates. Many limpet shells are covered in microscopic growths of green marine algae, which can make them even harder to see, as they can closely resemble the rock surface itself.
The substance making up the teeth in the radula of limpets is among the strongest biological materials known, with a tensile strength about five times stronger than that of spider silk. The teeth are composed of goethite, an iron-based mineral, woven in a particular way into grouped 1μ thick bundles.[8][9]
Many limpets create a home "scar" on the rock to which they always return between tides, the scar becoming a perfect fit even for the always growing cone-shaped shell and providing excellent protection from predators as well as helping to prevent dehydration, though dehydration remains one of the greatest risks to which these molluscs are exposed and may be why they only survive in temperate waters, not tropical ones where they simply become too hot during low tides. They adhere to the substratum via the adhesion/ suction of the stiffened foot against the rock surface to which it bonds each time with a layer of pedal mucus.[10]
The majority of limpet species have shells that are less than 3 in (8 cm) in maximum length and many are much smaller.
The true limpets have an internal structure much like that of other members of Mollusca. Their diffuse nervous system is oriented around three principal pairs of ganglia—the cerebral, pleural (which are hypoathroid), and pedal—located in the animal's snout and surrounding its esophagus in a neck ring. The pleural and pedal ganglia each send a nerve cord back through the rest of the body, the pleural nerve cords and the pedal or ventral nerve cords (the latter are embedded in the foot musculature in Patellagastropoda). Just outside the pedal ganglia are each of the two statocysts (though see Bathyacmaea secunda as an exception to this rule). Like the keyhole limpets, the true limpets have retained both kidneys though in Patellagastropoda the kidneys both lie on the animal's right side and the further right of the two— the "right" kidney— is much larger than the other. The right kidney also has a sponge-like texture whereas the left kidney is essentially a small sac into which hang folds from the sac's walls.[11] They do not have ctenidia, instead obtaining oxygen through a ring of gill lamellae that encircle the mantle just inside the shell edge and from the surface of the roof of the nuchal cavity which is exposed to air when the animal is no longer under water and which is covered in a network of blood vessels all of which eventually carry oxygenated blood and connect to the auricle through a series of veinlets on the animal's left side. Vestigial ctenidia have been adapted into osphradial patches (one on each side of the mantle cavity) with which the animal can "smell". Their low dome-shaped shell is able to withstand the forces of turbulent intertidal water. Inside, the head bears two tentacles, each with a tiny black "eye spot" at its base (limpets can sense light but cannot see images with these eyes). The heart lies within a pericardium and is composed of a single (morphologically left) auricle, a single ventricle, and bulbous aorta which sends blood to both the anterior and posterior aortae. It lies near the surface of shell on the left, and opposite it on the right are three tubules or "papillae" in a row: that of the left kidney, the anus, and that of the right kidney: all three exit near the same place on the right posterior side inside the mantle cavity.
Between these papillae and the heart lies the neural "visceral twist", a nervous condition called streptoneury or chiastoneury, which characterizes many molluscs and all gastropods whose ancient ancestor had an anus located posterior to its head but which now have it positioned much closer because of a change in the arrangement of the shell. In the evolutionary course of the relocation of the anus, the various ganglia posterior to the pleural and pedal ganglia had to conduct a twist— this means, for example, that the osphradium on the animal's left side is innervated through the right side of its body and vice versa. The condition is called streptoneury, but the phenomenon is known as torsion. In the Patellogastropoda, the twist is located directly behind (i.e., posterior to) the pleural ganglia; in other closely related groups (e.g., Zeugobranchia, Neritopsina, and Ampullariidae) the twist stretches backwards well into the visceral mass (digestive glands, intestines, gonad, etc.).
The digestive gland and interweaving intestine occupy most of the visceral mass behind the head. At the posterior ventral end is the large gonad organ which, when ripe, bursts and empties its gametes into the right kidney from which they are then expelled directly into the surrounding water. One theory of the function of the osphradia is to sense the release of such gametes by other nearby patellogstropods, triggering a corresponding release in any proximate opposite-sex animals of the same species (see diagram for additional anatomic information).
Representatives of the Patellogastropoda, true limpets, live on the rocky coasts of all oceans.
Some true limpets live throughout the intertidal zone, from the high zone (upper littoral zone) to the shallow subtidal, but other species live in deep sea in and their habitat include hydrothermal vents, whalebone (baleen), whale-fall[12] and sulphide seeps.[13]
They attach themselves to the substrate using pedal mucus and a foot. They locomote using wave-like muscular contractions of the foot when conditions are suitable for them to graze. They can also "clamp down" against the rock surface with very considerable force when necessary, and this ability enables them to remain safely attached, despite the dangerous wave action on exposed rocky shores. The ability to clamp down also seals the shell edge against the rock surface, protecting them from desiccation during low tide, despite their being in full sunlight.
When true limpets are fully clamped down, it is impossible to remove them from the rock using brute force alone, and the limpet will allow itself to be destroyed rather than stop clinging to its rock. This survival strategy has led to the limpet being used as a metaphor for obstinacy or stubbornness.
Life habits
Most limpets feed by grazing on algae which grows on the rock (or other surfaces) where they live. They scrape up films of algae with a radula, a ribbon-like tongue with rows of teeth. Limpets move by rippling the muscles of their foot in a wave-like motion.
In some parts of the world, certain smaller species of true limpet are specialized to live on seagrasses and graze on the microscopic algae which grow there. Other species live on, and graze directly on, the stipes (stalks) of brown algae (kelp).
Homing behaviour
Patella vulgata in Pembrokeshire, Wales.
Some species of limpets return to the same spot on the rock known as a "home scar" just before the tide recedes.[14] In such species, the shape of their shell often grows to precisely match the contours of the rock surrounding the scar. This behaviour presumably allows them to form a better seal to the rock and may help protect them from both predation and desiccation.
It is still unclear how limpets find their way back to the same spot each time, but it is thought that they follow pheromones in the mucus left as they move. Other species, notably Lottia gigantea seem to "garden" a patch of algae around their home scar.[15] They are one of the few invertebrates to exhibit territoriality and will aggressively push other organisms out of this patch by ramming with their shell, thereby allowing their patch of algae to grow for their own grazing.
Predators and other risks
Limpets are preyed upon by a variety of organisms including starfish, shore-birds, fish, seals, and humans. Limpets exhibit a variety of defenses, such as fleeing or clamping their shells against the substratum. The defense response can be determined by the type of predator, which can often be detected chemically by the limpet.[how?][citation needed]
Limpets can be long lived, with tagged specimens surviving for more than 10 years. If the limpet lives on bare rock, it grows at a slower rate but can live for up to 20 years.[citation needed]
Limpets found on exposed shores, which have fewer rock pools than sheltered shores and are thus in less frequent contact with water, have a greater risk of desiccation due to the effects of increased sunlight, water evaporation and the increased wind speed. To avoid drying out they will clamp to the rock they inhabit, minimizing water-loss from the rim around their base. As this occurs chemicals are released that promote the vertical growth of the limpet's shell.
Spawning occurs once a year, usually during winter, and is triggered by rough seas which disperse the eggs and sperm. Larvae float around for a couple of weeks before settling onto a hard substrate.[14]
Human use
Ttagaebi-bap (limpet rice)
Ttagaebi-kal-guksu (limpet noodle soup)
Larger limpet species are, or were historically, cooked and eaten in many different parts of the world. For example, in Hawaii, limpets (Cellana species) are commonly known as 'opihi,[16] and are considered a delicacy; the meat sells for $25 - $42 a pound (454g). In Portugal, limpets are known as lapas and are also considered to be a delicacy. In Chile they are also called "lapas" but are so abundant that it's just considered a regular dish. Within Gaelic Scotland and Ireland, a limpet is known as a báirnach, and Martin Martin recorded (on Jura) limpets being boiled to use in a substitute for breast milk. In Ulleungdo, a Korean island, limpets are called ttagaebi (따개비) and are used to make ttagaebi-bap (limpet rice) and ttagaebi-kal-guksu (limpet noodle soup)
^ Nakano, T.; Ozawa, T. (2007). "Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: Molecular, morphological and palaeontological evidence". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 73: 79–99. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym001. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""'"'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
^ a b c d e f g Nakano T., Ozawa T. (2007). "Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: Molecular, morphological and palaeontological evidence". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 73 (1): 79–99. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym001.
^ Aktipis Stephanie W (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other "archaeogastropods": re-organizing old gastropod clades". Invertebrate Biology. 129: 220–240. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x.
^ Pina -Gastropoda
^ a b Gofas, S. (2010). Patellogastropoda. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382158 on 2010-04-01
^ a b Harasewych M. G., McArthur A. G. (2000). "A Molecular Phylogeny of the Patellogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Eogastropoda)". Marine Biology. 137 (2): 183–194. doi:10.1007/s002270000332.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-18. Retrieved 2015-02-18. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) Science recorder, Unassuming aquatic snail possesses the strongest teeth on Earth]
^ N. W. Runham, P. R. Thornton, D. A. Shaw, R. C. Wayte The mineralization and hardness of the radular teeth of the limpet Patella vulgata L.; Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 15. August 1969, Volume 99, Issue 4, pp 608-626
^ Thomas P. Peschak (2005). Currents of Contrast: Life in Southern Africa's Two Oceans. Struik. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-77007-086-8.
^ D. R. Khanna; P. R. Yadav (2004). Biology of Mollusca. Discovery Publishing House. p. 196. ISBN 978-81-7141-898-5.
^ McLean J. H. (2008). "Three New Species of the Family Neolepetopsidae (Patellogastropoda) from Hydrothermal Vents and Whale Falls in the Northeastern Pacific". Journal of Shellfish Research. 27 (1): 15–20. doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[15:TNSOTF]2.0.CO;2.
^ McLean J. H. (7 November 1990). "Neolepetopsidae, a new docoglossate limpet family from hydrothermal vents and its relevance to patellogastropod evolution". Journal of Zoology, London 222(3): 485-528, plates 1-12. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04047.x. Neolepetopsidae is on the page 490.
^ a b "Fact files: Common limpet". BBC Science & Nature - Sea life. BBC. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
^ Shanks A. L. (2002). "Previous agonistic experience determines both foraging behaviour and territoriality in the limpet Lottia gigantea". Behavioral Ecology. 13 (4). doi:10.1093/beheco/13.4.467.
^ Catharine Lo (photos by Monte Costa). "On the Rocks". Hana Hou! Vol. 9, No. 6. December 2006 / January 2007.
09ecb38582c607e64dfa216a37ddd0ab


text:
Q: Storing and using Cookie in WebView Hi not sure what I'm asking as I've not worked with cookies before. In my app I'm opening a WebView and we submit some data and I want to store the cookie, that way when I close the WebView(also close app) and re-open it uses the stored cookie.
I'm not too sure what my code is doing currently as I've been following examples.
@Override
        public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url, Bitmap favicon) {
            ProgressBar progressBar = (ProgressBar)
findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);
            progressBar.setIndeterminate(true);
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            super.onPageStarted(view, url, favicon);
            String cookieStr = CookieManager.getInstance().getCookie(url);
            try {
                storeCookies(url, cookieStr);
            } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

        private void storeCookies(String url, String cookieString) throws URISyntaxException {
            if (cookieString !=null &&  !cookieString.isEmpty()) {
                URI uri = new URI(url);
                List<HttpCookie> cookies = HttpCookie.parse(cookieString);
                for (HttpCookie cookie : cookies) {
                    cookieStore = new CookieStore() {
                        @Override
                        public void add(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
                            cookieStore.add(uri, cookie);
                        }

                        @Override
                        public List<HttpCookie> get(URI uri) {
                            return null;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public List<HttpCookie> getCookies() {
                            return null;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public List<URI> getURIs() {
                            return null;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public boolean remove(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        @Override
                        public boolean removeAll() {
                            return false;
                        }
                    };

                }
            }
        }

        public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
            ProgressBar progressBar = (ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            setURL(url);

        }
    });
}

A: If you are looking for setting the cookies for a site, follow this code.
Kotlin:
val cookieManager = CookieManager.getInstance()
cookieManager.setAcceptCookie(true)
cookieManager.setCookie("YOUR_WEBSITE_URL", "key=value")
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
   val cookieSyncManager = CookieSyncManager.createInstance(this)
   cookieSyncManager.sync()
}

Java:
CookieManager cookieManager = CookieManager.getInstance();
cookieManager.setAcceptCookie(true);
cookieManager.setCookie("YOUR_WEBSITE_URL", "key=value");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
   CookieSyncManager cookieSyncManager = CookieSyncManager.createInstance(this);
   cookieSyncManager.sync();
}

Replace YOUR_WEBSITE_URL with your website url and key=value pair with values. Hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
"use strict";

function printOrder(orderId) {
  var order;
  return regeneratorRuntime.async(function printOrder$(context$1$0) {
    while (1) switch (context$1$0.prev = context$1$0.next) {
      case 0:
        context$1$0.next = 2;
        return regeneratorRuntime.awrap(fetchOrder(orderId));

      case 2:
        order = context$1$0.sent;

        console.log(order);

      case 4:
      case "end":
        return context$1$0.stop();
    }
  }, null, this);
}

printOrder(1);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Tkinter: How to show pages with buttons on page? I'm writing a "hotline" program for a bullying/abuse project, with 4 pages: Home/Bulling/Abuse/Other and a top bar. I am putting buttons to get to the other pages, but there is a different error every time.
I have tried the lift command from the page and the container, as well as the show command programmed in. Neither work. (By the way, the code is not all mine, much of it was from the question Using buttons in Tkinter to navigate to different pages of the application? by Caspar Wylie)
import tkinter as tk

class Page(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
    def show(self):
        self.lift()

class Page1(Page):
   def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
       Page.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
       label = tk.Label(self, text="Welcome to the Help Hotline! Please select your concern.", relief = 'groove')
       label.grid(row = 0, column = 1, columnspan = 3, sticky = 'nesw', padx = 5, pady = 5)

       bullybutton = tk.Button(self, text = "Bullying",  command = MainView.p2.lift)
       bullybutton.grid(row = 1, column = 1, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = 'nsew')

       abusebutton = tk.Button(self, text = "Abuse",  command = MainView.p3.lift)
       abusebutton.grid(row = 1, column = 2, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = 'nsew')

       otherbutton = tk.Button(self, text = "Other",  command = MainView.p4.lift)
       otherbutton.grid(row = 1, column = 3, padx = 5, pady = 5, sticky = 'nsew')

class Page2(Page):
   def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
       Page.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
       label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 2")
       label.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = 'nesw', padx = 5, pady = 5)

class Page3(Page):
   def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
       Page.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
       label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 3")
       label.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = 'nesw', padx = 5, pady = 5)

class Page4(Page):
   def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
       Page.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
       label = tk.Label(self, text="This is page 4")
       label.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = 'nesw', padx = 5, pady = 5)

class MainView(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        p1 = Page1(self)
        p2 = Page2(self)
        p3 = Page3(self)
        p4 = Page4(self)

        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)

        p1.place(in_=container, x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)
        p2.place(in_=container, x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)
        p3.place(in_=container, x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)
        p4.place(in_=container, x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)

        menubar = tk.Menu(root)
        filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        filemenu.add_command(label="Home", command=p1.lift)
        filemenu.add_command(label="Bullying", command=p2.lift)
        filemenu.add_command(label="Abuse", command=p3.lift)
        filemenu.add_command(label="Other", command=p4.lift)
        filemenu.add_separator()
        filemenu.add_command(label="Quit", command=exit)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="Navigate", menu=filemenu)

        root.config(menu=menubar)
        p1.show()

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('500x500')
main = MainView(root)
main.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
root.title("Bullying and Abuse Hotline")
root.mainloop()

I want there to be 3 buttons, each going to their own page, but I get an error about "no attribute tk" or "missing argument self" or no change at all.

A: Here's a (fairly major) reworking of your code that I think makes it do what you want. You didn't provide a link to Caspar Wylie's question, so I've borrowed heavily on the techniques shown in Bryan Oakley's seminal answer to the question Switch between two frames in tkinter that does very similar things although doesn't feature a menu (but does contain a number of possibly very useful links at the end).
Update
Found Caspar Wylie's question myself and added link to it in your question and have modified the code below slightly to be more consistent to the associated answer (which happens to also have been written by Bryan).
import tkinter as tk

class MainView(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(parent, *args, **kwargs)

        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=True)

        # Create dictionary of page (Frame subclass) instances.
        self.pages  = {}
        for Page in (Home, Bullying, Abuse, Other):
            page = Page(container, controller=self)
            self.pages[Page.__name__] = page
            page.place(in_=container, x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)

        menubar = tk.Menu(parent)
        filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)

        def options(page_name, show=self.show):  # Helper func.
            return dict(label=page_name, command=lambda: show(page_name))

        filemenu.add_command(**options('Home'))
        filemenu.add_command(**options('Bullying'))
        filemenu.add_command(**options('Abuse'))
        filemenu.add_command(**options('Other'))

        filemenu.add_separator()
        filemenu.add_command(label='Quit', command=exit)
        menubar.add_cascade(label='Navigate', menu=filemenu)

        parent.config(menu=menubar)
        self.show('Home')  # Display initial page.

    def show(self, page_name):
        self.pages[page_name].lift()

class Home(tk.Frame):
   def __init__(self, parent, controller):
       super().__init__(parent)

       label = tk.Label(self, text='Welcome to the Help Hotline! '
                                   'Please select your concern.', relief='groove')
       label.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=3, sticky='nesw', padx=5, pady=5)

       def options(page_name, show=controller.show):  # Helper func.
           return dict(text=page_name, command=lambda: show(page_name))

       bully_button = tk.Button(self, **options('Bullying'))
       bully_button.grid(row = 1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='nsew')

       abuse_button = tk.Button(self, **options('Abuse'))
       abuse_button.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='nsew')

       other_button = tk.Button(self, **options('Other'))
       other_button.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='nsew')

class Bullying(tk.Frame):
   def __init__(self, parent, controller):
       super().__init__(parent)

       label = tk.Label(self, text='This is page 2')
       label.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nesw', padx=5, pady=5)

class Abuse(tk.Frame):
   def __init__(self, parent, controller):
       super().__init__(parent)

       label = tk.Label(self, text='This is page 3')
       label.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nesw', padx=5, pady=5)

class Other(tk.Frame):
   def __init__(self, parent, controller):
       super().__init__(parent)

       label = tk.Label(self, text='This is page 4')
       label.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='nesw', padx=5, pady=5)

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('500x500')
main = MainView(root)
main.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=True)
root.title('Bullying and Abuse Hotline')
root.mainloop()


text:
Q: How can I fix this unknown error in this code? (Batch File) @echo off
set /p Shutdown5=Would you like to shutdown your computer in 5 seconds?
If "%INPUT%" == "y" goto yes
If "%INPUT%" == "n" goto no

:yes
echo Shutting down in 5
/t 1
echo Shutting down in 4
/t 1
echo Shutting down in 3
/t 1
echo Shutting down in 2
/t 1
echo Shutting down in 1
/t 1
echo Shutting down.

:no
exit

Above is a code that won't work for me. Could anyone point out my mistake, I am 100% unsure...

A: This script can't work because /t is not a command. I guess you want to use TIMEOUT /T 1 which means a timeout for 1 sec. So try this:
@echo off
set /p Shutdown5=Would you like to shutdown your computer in 5 seconds?
If "%INPUT%" == "y" goto yes
If "%INPUT%" == "n" goto no

:yes
echo Shutting down in 5
timeout /t 1
echo Shutting down in 4
timeout /t 1
echo Shutting down in 3
timeout /t 1
echo Shutting down in 2
timeout /t 1
echo Shutting down in 1
timeout /t 1
echo Shutting down.

:no
exit

If you also want to avoid the messages which are echoed by the timeout command, use this instead:
timeout /t 1 >nul 2>&1


text:
Brabham, PIRTEK Team Murray through first GP, first oval day
By DizbizroundupMay 17, 2016, 9:00 AM EDT
Photo: PIRTEK Team Murray
INDIANAPOLIS – With the pre-event buildup a bit out of the way, Matthew Brabham and the No. 61 PIRTEK Team Murray Chevrolet team are now done with two of their four "firsts" this month of May.
They've got their first race under their belt and their first day of Indianapolis 500 practice. The remaining firsts? The first qualifying attempt this weekend and the first Indianapolis 500 race, itself.
Brabham is through his first race, this weekend's Angie's List Grand Prix of Indianapolis, where he overachieved in qualifying 14th and finishing 16th.
"We only just missed out on making it into the next group – it comes down to milliseconds in this competitive Verizon IndyCar Series field at the end of it all," Brabham said after qualifying.
Then after the race, he added: "I think it was almost the perfect introduction for me to the Verizon IndyCar Series. I wasn't sure how things like the pit strategies were going to play out, having never done a racing pitstop before, but the PIRTEK Team Murray guys were on fire with every single stop.
"The start was crazy – there was so much stuff that was flying around, the buffeting on my head was unbelievable. Due to the crash, we were able to get through clean and then settle into a rhythm for the race.
"The whole experience was definitely different, I had never done anything like the restarts, push to pass or pit strategies before, but it all went pretty smoothly!
"It was weird and surprising to be racing and dicing with both Marco Andretti and Will Power there. I watched both of those guys as a kid, as well as watching Marco from the sidelines while at Andretti Autosport a lot and Will – the local boy from Toowoomba – is just an Australian hero. I thought it was all a bit surreal!"
Team owner Brett "Crusher" Murray added, "I think its the first finish for Matt Brabham for many hundreds I would hope. He has been on-song all week. We've had our issues as you would expect from a team that has come together for two races.
"The fact we've finished the race, there isn't a scratch on the car, Matt is safe he's done a great job and got all those laps under his belt is a credit to him and the team."
A team-produced video from the first race is below:
Then on Monday, despite a delay in getting out for the beginning of his rookie orientation program, Brabham was still able to complete all three phases. He ran 39 laps in the first two-hour session and 49 laps in the afternoon four-hour session.
"It took me a while to build up to speed, I was slowly learning the lines and getting used to how to get around the Speedway. The focus for me today was becoming acclimatized to the car in Speedway trim.
"With the Rookie Orientation Program, we were required to go up in increments of five miles per hour from 205mph after completing a number of laps. It was our number one goal to get through that program today, which we did.
"This afternoon, we got to run an hour with the rest of the field, so was able to experience some traffic on track. I just had a lot of fun out there really!
"I didn't expect all the other drivers to get out there and run in a big pack. When everyone was out there swapping, changing and passing and almost racing in some ways, it was a bit daunting to start with.
"Once I had done that for a couple of laps, I got into a rhythm and was feeling more comfortable. To be honest, I didn't feel too bad at all hanging around those guys, following them and seeing how they race was really good experience.
"With every lap, I'm learning – I'm still not completely comfortable just yet, I need to keep working through it this week and see how it goes."
A team-produced video from Monday's session is below:
Follow @TonyDiZinno

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last week saw the appointment of a new Minister for Loneliness.
The recognition of the problem is of course welcome, and the appointment of a Minister to co-ordinate Government action to address the loneliness epidemic, a positive step. Much of the loneliness experienced in this country has not just occurred as a result of social malaise, or disintegration of good neighborliness. For many, the loneliness they endure on a daily basis is a direct consequence of Government policy. A suitable wheelchair is essential to enable many disabled people to be socially active, but all too often the NHS fails to provide people with a wheelchair that is adequate for their needs. 70% of applications to the Aspire Grants Programme come from people seeking help to find the additional £3,000 needed for a wheelchair that fully meets their needs.
Being alone and lonely,are actually 2 different things-when they both coincide,the person will naturally become depressed,combined with physical problems there just isn't a 'way ahead'. I applaud the fact that there is now a Minister to try and combine all the different and necessary disciplines. It will fall to all the various charities to pull-together. It's 50 years since my parents,Iain and Eve Macleod founded Crisis at Christmas,it is still,sadly more important today.My Mother,on the death of her husband,founded the Widows association. I'm now a widow,and yes,I'm lonely,even though I do have a large family.In Britain the respect for the elderly has become a tragedy.In most other countries around the world,in the local community the elders are revered. Please don't think that I'm unhappy,far from it,I'm still very involved in variously different areas.
Thank you for reading,and perhaps leaving a comment?


Below, we'll try to answer some of the big questions surrounding this transition while also introducing you to some new features that we think will be helpful going forward.
Q: What happened to IDenticam?
A: IDenticam recently underwent a name change and is now doing business as IDenticard. We remain the same company, based in Markham, Ontario, and you'll still be doing business with the same customer service, technical support and sales solutions associates. We remain the same company you've enjoyed doing business with for years, just with a new name and a new logo.
Q: Why was the name changed?
A: IDenticam adopted the same name as its American sister company, which is based in Pennsylvania. The reason behind this move is that with each organization now doing business as IDenticard, we are able to offer you resources and services that were previously unavailable. Rest assured that IDenticard in Canada remains a Canadian company, and that this change was made with the best interests of our customers in mind.
A: IDenticard is made up of two unique businesses: ours, based in Markham, Ontario, and our sister company, based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. We are both proud to be a part of Brady Corp (NYSE: BRC), a billion-dollar manufacturer and distributor of identification, security and safety products. While we share a name and resources with our sister company to the south, we remain an independent Canadian business.
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A: Things will be unchanged for the most part, with the only changes being for the better. You will still be doing business with the same sales solutions specialists, the same customer service associates and the same technical support team. In-stock orders will still ship from the same place, meaning the shipping times you're used to should remain the same. By now, you've noticed the completely revamped IDenticard.ca, which is part of the change for the better. This website features helpful information on our solutions and a full suite of web tools designed to make your online shopping experience easier than ever.
Q: What is new with the website?
A: Everything! IDenticard.ca was rebuilt from the ground up to be a best-in-class informational and e-commerce website. The site features detailed information on our products and services, including videos and brochures. The site also includes a full-featured online store packed with hundreds of products. For the first time, prices in the store will be displayed in Canadian dollars. We also included a number of features designed to make your shopping experience simple, including design your own product tools, easy reordering, detailed order histories and more.
We realize that change can be confusing, and that the above questions and answers may not cover everything you'd like to know. If you have any additional questions, or specific questions about how this change affects your account, please don't hesitate to contact us.


text:
Cornelis van der Mijle (The Hague 1578 or 1579? — November 1642) was a Dutch politician and diplomat in the service of the Dutch Republic and a regent of Leiden University. He was the son-in-law of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt.

Biography
Cornelis was the son of Adriaan van der Mijle, ambachtsheer of Bleskensgraaf and Dubbeldam, and counselor of William the Silent, and Magdalena van Egmond. After the death of his father his mother sent him to his uncle and namesake in Leiden where he first studied at a Latin school and enrolled next at Leiden University as a student in the Classics on 16 May 1591. He studied under Justus Lipsius and Joseph Justus Scaliger, Paulus Merula, Bonaventura Vulcanius, Julius van Beyma and Franciscus Junius (the elder). Among his study friends were Hugo Grotius, Petrus Scriverius and Daniel Heinsius. He also got into contact with Louise de Coligny, the widow of William the Silent and her son Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, the future stadtholder, who was also a student in Leiden at the time. After completing his studies Cornelis made the Grand Tour of Europe, as was usual for young men of his aristocratic station at the time, and he visited France, Germany and Italy, and was enrolled in the university of the Republic of Geneva from 25 May 1597.

After his return van der Mijle married Maria Johanna van Oldenbarnevelt, daughter of Land's Advocate of Holland Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and Maria van Utrecht in 1603. They were married by Johannes Wtenbogaert, the future leader of the Remonstrants. They would have six children: Adriaan, Jan and Cornelia (both died early), Arnold, Magdalena (who would marry Charles de Loges, captain in the guards of the Dutch States Army), and Geertruida.

Van der Mijle was made a counselor of the stadtholder Maurice, Prince of Orange in 1603 and the States of Holland and West Friesland appointed him as a member of the board of regents of Leiden University in the same year. As regent he was soon embroiled in the controversy between the theologians Jacobus Arminius and Franciscus Gomarus, who taught at the university. After the death of Arminius in 1609 the regents had to find a successor. They first decided on Conrad Vorstius, but this met with so much opposition, that this appointment was never realized. Eventually, through the intermediation of van der Mijle, both Johannes Polyander (who succeeded Gomarus) and Simon Episcopius (who succeeded Arminius) were appointed.

Oldenbarnevelt functioned as mentor for van der Mijle in the art of diplomacy. He was made part of the delegation that negotiated the Twelve Years' Truce in 1608. After the Truce came in force he was sent to the Republic of Venice as a special envoy to try and establish diplomatic relations with that sister-republic, at the suggestion of the Venetian ambassador in France, Antonio Foscarini. On the way to Venice he spoke with king Henri IV of France, who was very much in favor of an  alliance between the two republics, France and England. Henri at this occasion bestowed a knighthood on van der Mijle. The Doge and Senate of Venice did not agree to a formal alliance, but agreed to send Tomaso Contarini as ambassador to the Dutch Republic. In Venice van der Mijle also became acquainted with Paolo Sarpi and Domenico Molino, who would remain friends with whom he kept up a correspondence in later years.

Soon after his return in The Hague in 1610 van der Mijle was (at the suggestion of the Dutch ambassador in France, Francis van Aarssens) again sought out for a diplomatic mission, this time to France, in connection with the looming crisis of the War of the Jülich Succession. This was again a success, even though just before his arrival in Paris king Henri was assassinated. But van der Mijle managed to convince the regent, Queen Marie de' Medici to continue the alliance with the Republic.

The Queen-regent was not enamored of the Dutch ambassador Aarssens and demanded his recall. This was finally forced by the French ambassador Benjamin Aubery du Maurier, after which Oldenbarnevelt appointed Gideon van Boetzelaer as his successor. That gentleman was not an experienced diplomat, so van der Mijle was sent as an envoy extraordinary to support him at the court of the new king Louis XIII of France in 1614. He negotiated a draft treaty with the Venetian representative Christofforo Suriano in The Hague.

After the death of his cousin  Heyman van der Mijle, from whom he inherited the ambachtsheerlijkheid De Myle and St. Anthonispolder, van de Mijle was made a member of the Holland ridderschap (college of Nobles, part of the States of Holland) in July 1613, followed by his appointment as a member of the Council of State in 1614. In this period the Bestandstwisten (Truce Quarrels) reached a crescendo and van der Mijle became embroiled in a pamphlet war with Aarssens, who had become a mortal enemy of his father-in-law, Oldenbarnevelt, and attacked  both with mostly anonymous polemics. The two gentlemen denounced each other before the States General of the Netherlands in the summer of 1618, prompting the States General to appoint a commission of inquiry.

But then Oldenbarnevelt was arrested by stadtholder Maurice on 29 August 1618, together with Grotius and Rombout Hogerbeets, leading to the Trial of Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius and Hogerbeets. Van der Mijle first tried to get Oldenbarnevelt released together with his brother-in-law Reinoud van Brederode, president of the Hoge Raad van Holland en Zeeland, but he felt soon so threatened that he fled to France. This made him suspect in the eyes of the new regime and he was successively driven from all of his offices (the Council of State, the ridderschap and the board of regents of Leiden University). He was not arrested, but given a kind of house arrest, first in Goeree and later in Beverwijk. He was erroneously suspected of implication in the conspiracy of the sons of Oldenbarnevelt against Maurice in 1623, for which Reinier van Oldenbarnevelt was beheaded. But he was finally rehabilitated after the death of Maurice and the appointment of Frederick Henry as his successor.

On 7 April 1632 he and his brother-in-law Brederode were again allowed to take their places in the ridderschap of Holland. He was also reinstated as regent of Leiden University on 17 April 1640.

Van der Mijle died in November 1642. His eulogy was read by Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn at Leiden University. He was buried in the Hofkapel at the Binnenhof in The Hague.

Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

1570s births
1642 deaths
Dutch people of the Eighty Years' War (United Provinces)
17th-century Dutch diplomats
Leiden University alumni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sola Salon Studios is now open on Maple Rd. in Amherst! This stand alone location in the Maple Crossings Plaza is easy to get in and out of and has ample parking. Sola is situated near the high end shopping of Niagara Falls Blvd. with easy access to Interstate 290.
Sola provides high-end, move-in ready studios along with the support and tools you need to launch your salon business in no time. Our individual studios are perfect for hair stylists, barbers, estheticians, makeup artists, brow and lash specialists, and massage therapists - we have a variety of studio options to fit your needs. The best part is that in your studio, you completely control the atmosphere. Customize your studio and create an intimate environment that reflects your personal style. Set your own hours with 24/7 access to your studio and enjoy the ideal work/life balance for you. Sell the retail products you love and set your own prices to maximize your income - you keep 100% of your profits from services and retail! With easy access, plenty of parking, a private break room, and several different types of studios, Sola's first location in Amherst will fill up fast! Call (716) 941-7034 today for more details, to schedule a confidential tour, and to find out more about our move-in specials!


Where is Lake Oroville located?
Lake Oroville, Northern California's largest state reservoir, is located just 75 miles north of Sacramento. This beautiful lake sits on the Feather River and has more than 167 miles of forested shoreline. For more information including address, nearest airport and drive times, visit our Distances page.
The closest grocery stores to the lake would be in Paradise, California, which is about 20 minutes from the Lake Oroville Marina.
Is there a restaurant onsite at the marina?
There is not a restaurant onsite at the marina but there are quite a few restaurants located in Paradise, which again is just a short 20 minute drive.
What is the best time to go houseboating at Lake Oroville and what is the weather like at that time?
While we think it's always a good time to go houseboating, we understand that the weather can play a part in the decision on when to go. The best time to go houseboating at Lake Oroville is typically May through October as those will be the warmest months. In May and October the weather tends to get up into the mid 70's with the average lows in the 50's and water temperatures ranging from 65 - 67 degrees. The months of June through September are the hottest months with highs in 80's and 90's and water temperatures ranging from 72 - 78 degrees. For the average temperatures month by month see our Temperatures page.
You must be 21 years or older with a valid driver's license to rent a houseboat at Lake Oroville Marina.
Even though the marina doesn't require you to have a Boater Education Card it just might pay off to get one. Lake Oroville Marina rewards houseboat captains who have completed a state approved, NASBLA certified, boating safety course. Why you ask? Because your safety and the safety of others is the number one priority on the water! Only one discount is allowed per houseboat and the cardholder must be the captain who has signed the rental contract. Present your state specific issued Safe Boating Course ID card at the marina upon check in and receive a $50 discount on your houseboat rental.
Can I fish on Lake Oroville and what are the prominent fish?
Yes! All you need is a valid California state fishing license which can be purchased online. Lake Oroville is known as the best bass lake in California, but there are a variety of fish that can be found in its waters. Fish include but are not limited to Catfish, Chinook Salmon, Crappie and Bluegill. Be sure to know the current regulations before you hit the water.


RS-2 Series remote cable switches to activate green laser pointer without touching telescope when aligned as a star finder. Prevents unwanted movements that affect delicate finder alignments. For use with green lasers in finder mounts and alignment setups. Designed for the outdoors; rugged and reliable; dirt and moisture resistant. Cable switch can be "velcro" attached to telescope body; or allowed to dangle freely.
Choose from three (3) length variants to match your particular scope set up. These remote switches are designed to fit Z-Bolt® Astronomy Green Laser Pointers. The RS-2 Series fits our BTG-2S-P and Galaxy III (SG-3) Astronomy Laser Pointers. Also fits the BTE-4S Red Laser Pointer.


Our support team is available 24/7. In addition to this, we've also put together some common questions our clients have asked in the past.
Included in the package is your, domain registration, hosting, business email addresses, maintenance and management. Don't miss out on this fabulous deal.


text:
Melissa Adan NBC 7 San Diego
Published May 8, 2018 at 2:12 PM
Melissa Adan is a bilingual general assignment news Reporter for NBC 7 San Diego and Telemundo 20. She joined the team in January, 2018 and is enjoying the beautiful weather and meeting the friendly people of San Diego County.
Adan joined the NBCUniversal family in June, 2016 under the well-esteemed NBC Reporter Development Program. She continued her journey as a Reporter/Multimedia Journalist for NBC 6 South Florida.
In South Florida she covered the tragic shooting at the Ft. Lauderdale/Hollywood International airport. Her work was featured on several NBC stations across the country, as well as MSNBC and The Weather Channel.
She is also working towards her Master's in Criminal Justice online at Florida International University. She is passionate about ensuring fairness in our justice system.
Born and raised in Miami, Melissa is a first generation Cuban-American, who loves pastelitos and dancing to Celia Cruz.
Adan graduated from Miami Dade College, The Honors College with her A.A and then from Boston University's College of Communication with a B.S. in broadcast journalism and a minor in political science. Upon graduating she moved to Texas, where she was a weekend evening news anchor and general assignment reporter at the CBS affiliate in Lubbock, TX.
During her time in Texas she traveled to Ciudad Juarez, Mexico and El Paso, TX to cover Pope Francis' visit to the Texas/Mexico border.
While living in Boston as a college student Adan was one of the first to interview now iconic "Cowboy Hat Hero" Carlos Arrendondo during the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings.
Her work with NBCUniversal began in 2013 when she was selected as a NBC Summer Fellow and intern for CNBC, working on two CNBC 2013 documentaries: Twitter Revolution and Rise of the Machines.
Reach out to her with any story ideas or SoCal recommendations on social media: @MelissaNBC7 or Melissa.Adan@nbcuni.com


text:
Saturday, October 21, 2000,
R E G I O N A L B R I E F S
ANIMAL FAIR: The annual animal fair on Divali will commence on October 22 and continue till October 31 at Vallah Grounds. This was stated by Mr Narinderjit Singh, Deputy Commissioner, here on Thursday. The fair provides an opportunity to exhibit good breed animals.
FLYOVER: Residents of the trans-railway areas under the flag of the "Khooni Phatak Hatao Sangharsh Committee" have demanded the construction of a flyover as early as possible. Mr M.M. Behl, general secretary of the committee, said the Railways had allocated Rs 1 crore for the project, and the reports that the project had been dropped, were baseless.
ADULTERATION: Mr B.S. Sudan, Deputy Commissioner, said a special team had nabbed a fertiliser dealer of Sanghol Sidhu Khad Store selling adulterated fertiliser to farmers. He said the team had seized a stock of adulterated fertiliser and registered a case against the owner of the store.
FEROZEPORE
KISAN SABHA: Punjab National Bank organised a kisan sabha at Badhai village on Thursday which was attended by more than 200 farmers and sarpanches of various villages. While addressing the sabha, Mr G.B. Singh, Chief Manager of the bank, said the bank had earmarked Rs 160 crore loan for this region which included Rs 88 crore for the agriculture sector. He exhorted farmers to adopt the bank's Krishi Card scheme. He also distributed 78 krishi cards.
TEACHERS' PROTEST: The Engineering College Teachers Association (ECTA) of the local Shahid Bhagat Singh College of Engineering and Technology, observed a "chalk down" strike in protest against the non-fulfilment of their demands pending with the state government. The ECTA, at a meeting on Friday, decided to intensify the agitation by boycotting the internal assessment exams. The teachers demanded immediate implementation of the revised pay scales to the whole staff.
Principal'S request: Mr T.R. Bahia, Principal of A.S. College, Khanna, has requested the SDM Khanna, Mr S.S. Gill, to hold a meeting of students and staff of the college with transport owners, police officials and district transport officer to avoid any further clashes between students and transport employees. He wrote the letter after the incident in which a conductor and some of his companions had beaten up a student of MA (part I) of the college on Thursday. He said that it was sad that the transport authorities were not implementing the state government orders regarding the staff and the students of colleges. He said the administration should take immediate steps to avoid any untoward incident.
MASS MARRIAGE: The annual mass marriage function of poor and needy girls was organised by the Public Social Welfare Council (regd) on Sunday at Janj Ghar, Gandhi Colony, Model Gram, Ludhiana. According to a press note issued on Friday by Mr Surinder Ghai, president of the council marriages of two poor girls were performed and household goods of daily use were given to them by the council.
CONDEMNED: Prominent congress activists, including Mr Gurcharan Singh Ghalib, M.P., district congress committee (urban) president, Mr Surinder Davar, PPCC general secretary, Mr Nahar Singh Gill, and several others have condemned the SAD-BJP government in Punjab for use of force against congress workers at Chandigarh during a state-level procession against non-purchase of paddy. In a statement here today, the congress leaders said the government was frustrated over the overwhelming response to the congress protest and police repression against peacefully agitating workers was tantamount to murder of democracy. Asserting that every political party had constitutional right to protest against 'anti-people' policies of the government, the congress activists said that as and when, the government acted in unjust manner, the party would oppose the same and lodge protest in a democratic manner.
NEW OFFICE: Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) will soon open a regional office in the city to provide better and high-level services at the doorstep of its customers. It was officially stated that Mr V.K. Kashyap, assistant general manager, working as regional head at Jalandhar, would take charge of the Ludhiana region.
ELECTED: The following have been elected-office-bearers of the Excise and Taxation Officer's Association of Ludhiana district: President — Mr R.K. Grover; General Secretary — Mr B.B. Gargas; Sr Vice-President — Mr Lal Singh; Vice-President — Mr Surjit Singh and Ms Urvashi Goel; Finance Controller — Mr A.L. Bansal; and Joint Secretary — Mr H.L. Chadha.
RESENTMENT: Resentment prevails among Punjab pensioners over the recent notification regarding reimbursement of medical expenses incurred by the pensioners for the treatment of chronic diseases. They are sore over the reduction in the number of chronic diseases against which the pensioners were availing reimbursement. Pensioners also demand that the condition of no reimbursement up to Rs 6000 on the treatment of chronic diseases should be rolled back.
ISO-9002 granted: Auto Forgings of focal point Ludhiana has secured ISO-9002 certificate by ICI Jas-ANZ. The chairman of the company, Mr Vinod Gupta, appreciated the hardwork of his employees for attaining this milestone. He said in a press note he would leave no stone unturned to maintain the quality system and in future they wish to enter global market and strive for QS 9000.
PCO UNITS: The General Manager, Telecommunications Department, Ferozepore range, has directed the owners of STD/PCO units in the Moga, Ferozepore, Muktsar and Faridkot districts to install coil collecting boxes in front of their respective units. They would otherwise face disconnection of units, it was stated here on Thursday. The owners of the units protested against these orders.
TELEPHONE BILLS: Residents here are facing difficulty in depositing their telephone bills as only the main post office situated on the Rahon road collects bills whereas the number of subscribers has increased manifold. The subscribers have to wait for their turn for hours. Also, there is no shelter for those who queue up to pay bills.
EYE CAMP: An eye operation camp was organised at Nirmal Ashram, Banga, about 12 km from here on Wednesday. The Deputy Commissioner, Dr Roshan Sunkaria, inaugurated the camp in which 696 patients were examined and 170 operations preformed.
COMPLAINT: Residents of the city in a letter sent to the Administrator, Punjab Wakf Board, Ambala Cantt, have accused the Imam of the local Baradari mosque of practising sorcery. They alleged the Imam was influencing a number of women. Residents have demanded immediate transfer of the Imam and an inquiry into the matter.
SEMINAR: The district police, under its special awareness drive launched in the district to create awakening among students about the menace of drug addiction, organised a seminar at R.K. Arya College here on Thursday. Mr Ishwar Singh, SSP, Mr Pritam Singh Johal, SDM, Mr S.K. Sharma, Principal and Dr Ranvir Singh Rana among others spoke on the occasion.
BUS SERVICE: Residents here have urged the state transport authorities to arrange for bus service from Chandigarh to Amritsar via Nawanshahr between 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. as people have to face a lot of inconvenience in the absence of any bus service.
STRIKE: The Food Corporation of India (FCI) Employees Democratic Front will be holding pen down strikes to protest against the government's policy of not calling in experts for formulating a proper storage and transit policy and against the government's arbitrary policy with respect to special loading. In a press note issued here on Thursday, Mr Raghubir Singh, convener of the front, said the front had decided to hold such strikes at various places of the state. Mr Raghubir Singh also demanded a uniform transfer policy, promotions relating to class 4 employees, providing employment avenues to the kith and kin of FCI workers and getting a clear railway receipt. Mr Raghubir Singh said that the main reason for the FCI going in the red was the inefficiency of the top brass of the corporation and procurement of poor quality food-grains by the officers by issuing verbal orders to its lower cadres.
MISHAP: One person was killed and another wounded when their motorcycle collided with a truck on the Patiala road near Nagra village, 14 km from here, on Thursday. The deceased was identified as Sukhwinder Singh, a lineman in the Punjab State Electricity Board, Sunam. The truck driver is absconding. The police has registered a case.
OFFICE-BEARERS: The following have been elected office- bearers of the Industrial Training Employees Union, Sunam; president — Mr Gurcharan Singh Harika; vice-president — Mr Nek Singh; secretary — Mr Sohan Singh Bhangu; treasurer — Mr Dev Raj Garg; press secretary — Mr Girdhari Lal Jindal.
Laxmikant Pyarelal nite: Paawan Entertainers will organise a Laxmikant Pyarelal nite at Tagore Theatre on December 9. According to a press note, the audition to shortlist the artistes will be held at Tagore Theatre on October 22. An audio cassette of talented singers will also be released on December 9.
PLEA: In order to sort out the difficulties faced in respect of general provident fund of employees of the Punjab Irrigation Department, the general secretary of the Clerical Welfare Association, Mr Ram Singh, sent a request on Friday to the Principal Secretary, Irrigation, Punjab, and all Chief Engineers of the department. It states that the GPF statements be sent to the DDOs concerned and the employees be allowed to visit the GPF section directly.
ELECTED: The following have been elected office-bearers of the Welfare Association Pipli Wala Town : president — Mr J.L. Sondhi; senior vice-president — Mr F.C. Khurmi; vice-president — Mr Rup Singh; general secretary — Mr D.N. Nathani; secretary — Mr Gurmail Singh; propaganda secretary — Mr Vicky Dhawan; co-ordinator — Mr M.L. Garg and treasure — Mr T.R. Bhatt.
Awareness programme: The Department of Adult Education organised an awareness programme for the residents of Colony No 4, here on Thursday. Dr Dazy Zanabi, programme coordinator of Regional Resource Center, Panjab University, interacted with the women of colony and advised them to treat their children of either sex equally in matters related to education. More than 250 beneficiaries attended the programme.
DEMANDED: More than five lakh Punjab Government employees and pensioners have sought the immediate release of the additional DA instalment at the rate of 3 per cent which had become payable to them from July this year. They want the payments of the arrears before Divali. This was stated by Mr Yash Paul Ghai, additional general secretary of Government Pensioners' Association, in a press release, here today.
ACTION COMMITTEE: The Action Committee for Development of Villages, UT Chandigarh, has decided to request the Chandigarh Administration, to withdraw the recent hike in water tariffs. The committee at a meeting condemned the decision the Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh, regarding the approval of the increased water tariff. This was stated by Mr Sita Ram Barvaria, additional general secretary of the committee.
EXAMINED: As many as 510 children enrolled in Panchayat Public School, Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Public School and Colony No. 4, Industrial Area, were medically examined during a medical check-up camp organised by the Jan Shikshan Sansthan in collaboration with the Municipal Corporation under the SJSRY scheme. Children in the age group of 0-6 were examined by specialist doctors. During the camp, free medicines and refreshments were given to children. Dr Randhir Singh, Dr Gurmeet Singh, Dr Swati Sharma, Dr Shailesh Mehta and team of doctors from the UT Health Department helped the sansthan in the camp.
RALLY: The UT Power Union Chandigarh, on Friday held a rally in protest against the non-acceptance of their demands before the electricity office, Industrial Area,Phase-1. The employees demanded three years, bonus, regularisation of services of daily wagers and DA, HRA, CCA allowances. Leaders appealed to the employees to join the rally to be held at Matka Chowk on October 24.
FELLOWSHIP: S. Mehar Singh Rawel Memorial Charitable Society invites applications from needy scholars doing Ph.D on a topic related with Sikh history, philosophy, sociology and literature etc. from any university of the country, for the award of the Mehar Singh Rawel Memorial Fellowship. The fellowship which is tenable for one year carries an amount of Rs 9,000 payable to the student in three instalments of Rs 3000 each. The interested candidates may apply to the society on the prescribed application form available from the office of the society at 57, Sector 21. The applications are required to reach the society by December 31.
WORKSHOP: A photography workshop presided over by renowned photographer D.K. Verma was held at the local Rajindera Gymkhana here on Thursday. During the well attended workshop, experts from various parts of the country spoke in length regarding the latest photographic techniques and the fast changing trends. The workshop was organised by Jindal Photo Films Ltd., a Jalandhar based concern.
SAS NAGAR
Kirtan darbar today: The local Gur Asara Trust, a non-government organisation (NGO) providing help to orphans, widows and aged is organising a kirtan darbar in Phase VII to celebrate the tercentenary of the Khalsa. The kirtan darbar will begin at 2 p.m. on Saturday and end at 6 a.m. the next day, said Mr Kanwar Singh Dhammi, chairman of the trust. A computer centre from the inmates of the trust was inaugurated by M-Gen Narinder Singh (retd) on Friday.
ELDER'S DAY: The Senior Citizens (Pensioners) Council is celebrating Elders Day at Shastri Senior Model School, Phase 1 here on Sunday. The Deputy Commissioner, Ropar, Mr G.S. Grewal, will be the chief guest on the occasion, said Mr A.S. Bhatti, president of the council.
roughed up: A former union leader, Mr KS Kaler, had to face the ire of a woman member of the Employees Union in Power, when the former was allegedly roughed up by Ms Amarjeet Kaur, after the oath ceremony of the union which came in to power in Thursday's elections. Mr Kelar had allegedly used unparliamentary language against his woman colleague.
stressed: The local bodies officials, who visited the Municipal Council, Ambala Sadar, on Thursday stressed on self-reliance. The senior local bodies officials included Mr S.K. Maheshwari and Ms S. Rajan, who interacted with Municipal Councillors in a meeting attended by councillors from Ambala Cantonment, Ambala City and Naraingarh. The officials, referring to the new house tax formula, said the formula had been successful in Faridabad and the formula was comparatively much better than the present one. They also said Municipal Councils must ensure effective resource mobilisation. The officials also said that regular monthly meetings must take place. The Municipal Councillors, on their part, spoke about the local problems including sewerage, bad road and poor street lighting.
BRIBERY CASE: The police has arrested Prithvi Singh, an official of the Animal Husbandry Department, for accepting bribe from a villager. The complainant, Mr Satya Narain, from Bighar village, told the DC that the official working in the local veterinary hospital had demanded a bribe of Rs 2000.
FIRE: Goods worth about Rs 2 lakh were allegedly set on fire by Om Parkash at Harsana Kalan village, about 5 km from here, on Thursday. Om Parkash is reported to be a psychiatric patient.
HELD: The police arrested six persons on a charge of gambling in a raid at a den near a cinema house here on Thursday.
DIRECTED: The district administration has geared up to check any untoward incident on the Divali. The Deputy Commissioner, Mr Sudhir Rajpal, has directed the official agencies to take precautionary measures.
ARRESTED: Mr Ishwar Singh, SSP, in a press note issued here on Thursday, said the Banga police had arrested Rachhpal Singh, son of Harcharan Singh and resident of Heon village and seized 20 gm of smack from his possession. A case under Sections 20, 61, 85 NDPS had been registered at Banga police station.
ELECTORAL ROLLS: Dr Roshan Sunkaria, DC-cum-District Electroal Officer, in a press note issued here on Thursday, informed that the revision of electoral rolls of the Nawanshahr, Banga and Balachaur assembly segments falling in the district would be done from November 2 to 30. Special arrangements would be made for the convenience of voters at polling stations. The claim and objection forms could also be had from the offices of electoral registration officers, added the release.
SALARIES NOT PAID: Thirty seven employees of the Health Department in Kangra district have not been paid their salaries for the past six months. The Kangra Non-gazetted Employees Federation has urged the Health Minister to get their salaries released.
COMPETITION: The state unit of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad will organise a general knowledge competition for class X and plus two students on October 22. A spokesman of the parishad said more than 12,000 students would participate in the state level competition. As many as 250 centres had been set up in the state for the competition.
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The disease was found on a Borders farm in a calf recently imported, with its suckler cow mother, from outwith Great Britain.
Cattle scab, otherwise known as psoroptic mange, is caused by mites that pierce the skin to feed and cause immense irritation. The signs are similar to those of sheep scab which is also caused by a mite.
Clusters of cattle scab cases have been found in Wales, South West England and Yorkshire but this is the first case in Scotland. The disease is also present in mainland Europe and Ireland. It is more common in beef cattle in Europe, but dairy herds have also been infected. In Belgium, it is considered the most economically important ectoparasitic disease of cattle.
The disease has severe welfare and economic consequences as it causes severe dermatitis with scab formation along the back, shoulders and tail head, but it can also extend over the lower body, hind legs and the tail. There is usually intense itching and secondary infections are common leading to bleeding and crusting. Affected animals inevitably lose weight and in extreme cases death can occur.
In 2011 vets at the then Scottish Agricultural College (SAC) and scientists at the Moredun Research Institute (MRI) in Edinburgh issued warnings urging farmers to be vigilant and to take care when buying in cattle. They were advised to contact their vets if they suspected they had a problem. Since then SAC Consulting has offered a free analysis of suspected cases while MRI researchers are developing a blood test to uncover hidden infection. Both have received cooperation from farmers and vets.
Farmers should report any suspect cases to their vet. Laboratory diagnosis is essential to differentiate the scab mite from other external parasites that infect cattle. Skin scrapings, including scab material, are needed for examination under the microscope.
"NFU Scotland has been concerned about the possible spread of cattle psoroptes into Scotland for a number of years and has issued warnings on several occasions to our members, alerting them to the risks if importing cattle from high risk areas. We have approached the Scottish Government on a number of occasions to recognise the significant risks posed by this disease and to make it notifiable.
"It is imperative that infected cattle are locked-down for transport if this parasite is not to become an endemic problem in Scotland. If it does become endemic it will affect the status of Scottish cattle and undo the hard work of the industry to establish a reputation for quality within Scottish cattle.
"We congratulate the vets that picked up the disease following import and can only hope that prompt detection and follow up may help limit the repercussions.
"Keepers should be mindful of strict biosecurity measures against this disease, including careful sourcing of animals, isolation/quarantine of bought in or suspect animals and heightened vigilance.
In order to encourage submission of samples from suspect cases, SAC Consulting Veterinary Services is offering free testing of skin scrapings from suspected cases thanks to funding from the Scottish Government. Vets are also encouraged to take blood samples from suspect cases. These will be forwarded to the Moredun Research Institute in Edinburgh. All samples should be sent to your local SAC Consulting Veterinary Services Disease Surveillance Centre.
While under the Sheep Scab (Scotland) Order, 2010 farmers must notify the authorities if they suspect they have a case, cattle scab (psoroptic mange) is not currently notifiable in cattle.
For further information contact Brian Hosie, Group Manager SAC Consulting Veterinary Services on 07803 222 366, email brian.hosie@sac.co.uk.
Dr Alasdair Nisbet, Moredun Research Institute on 0131 445 6295, email alasdair.nisbet@moredun.ac.uk.
SAC Consulting receives funding for disease surveillance from the Scottish Government Veterinary and Advisory Services programme.


24-hour forecast: Sunny with cloudy spells today and cloudy at times tonight. A few showers or periods of rain will affect mainly the coast this morning and tonight, then inland and northern areas this afternoon.
General Outlook: A few showers or isolated thunderstorms will affect mainly the coast Wednesday morning, becoming generally isolated Wednesday afternoon and night.
Today NE 5-15 kts Choppy 3-5 ft A FEW SHOWERS OR PERIODS OF RAIN AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS.
Tonight E-NE 5-15 kts Choppy 3-5 ft A FEW SHOWERS OR ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS.
Tomorrow E-NE 5-15 kts Choppy 3-5 ft A FEW SHOWERS OR ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS, DECREASING.
Outlook E 5-15 kts Light Chop 2-4 ft GENERALLY ISOLATED SHOWERS OR THUNDERSTORMS; SLIGHTLY MORE OVER THE SOUTH.
Yesterdays rain area has moved further south, and is now effecting central and south Belize. There is a lot of chunky Caribbean cloud coming in and the westerly high level causing a lot of clashing.
Looks as if today will be a very mixed day, with outbreaks of rain in any part of central and south Belize, and sunshine in the north.
On Ambergris Caye we had a night of heavy rain and this morning there are still a few rain-clouds around. The wind is blowing from the North-East at 15 mph making the sea around the barrier reef is a little choppy. The expected high temperature for today is in the low 80's.
The Cloud and Rain picture. More rain coming in central and southern Belize.


text:
Boris Johnson 'bursting with antibodies' as he continues to self-isolate
Boris Johnson said the fact he was "bursting with antibodies" having had coronavirus before would not impact on his having to self-isolate following contact with an MP who tested positive.
It comes as Mr Johnson's bid to reframe his tenure as Prime Minister has been left in limbo after his meeting with Tory MP Lee Anderson, who has since tested positive for Covid-19.
The Prime Minister, who was admitted to intensive care with coronavirus in April, said he was notified by NHS Test and Trace on Sunday that he must self-isolate and will now remain at Number 10 for a period of 14 days.
Hi folks, I've been instructed by our NHS Test & Trace scheme to self-isolate for two weeks, after being in contact with someone with Covid-19.
I'm in good health and have no symptoms, and will continue to lead on our response to the virus & our plans to #BuildBackBetterpic.twitter.com/yNgIme8lOz
— Boris Johnson (@BorisJohnson) November 16, 2020
In a video message on Monday, he tweeted that he was "in good health" and that he has "no symptoms".
The Prime Minister said: "Hi folks, the good news is that NHS Test and Trace is working ever-more efficiently, but the bad news is that they've pinged me and I've got to self-isolate because someone I was in contact with a few days ago has developed Covid.
"It doesn't matter that we were all doing social distancing, it doesn't matter that I'm fit as a butcher's dog, feel great – so many people do in my circumstances.
"And actually, it doesn't matter that I've had the disease and I'm bursting with antibodies. We've got to interrupt the spread of the disease and one of the ways we can do that now is by self-isolating for 14 days when contacted by Test and Trace."
Mr Johnson said he was self-isolating with a "high heart" that the country was getting on top of the virus, with rapid speed testing and hopes of having a vaccine roll-out before Christmas providing reasons for encouragement.
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This perverse and pervasive usurpation of American independence, exposed so well by Grant Smith, Phil, and a very few others, has so many dimensions … perhaps 12 years ago, a couple of activist friends and I got wind that our Honolulu city officials were being pressured by the local Jewish cohort to link Honolulu with an Israeli city (Haifa, I believe) as "sisters." [Can one only *imagine* how many of such relationships are active across the US?!] We stepped in, made a passionate plea against such a scheme, and were successful in scotching the intention and the pressure. More recently (five years?), I had a direct, telephonic communication with the public-relations director of the Honolulu Police Department in which she assured me that (i) the HPD had no movement toward or intention of acquiring excess ["free" for the taking!] DoD tanks, armored personnel carriers, military weaponry et al to participate in exercising "urban crowd control"; and that the HPD had not sent and had no intention of sending management or street-cop-level officers to the Zionist entity for training-and-indoctrination in its special brand of "urban warfare and citizen control." I should undoubtedly follow up in both areas….