text:
Anne MacGregor is a New Zealand-born British medical researcher and clinician based in London. She is a leading researcher in the field of hormonal effects on migraine.

Education

MacGregor received her MB BS from St Bartholomew's Hospital in London in 1986. She began training in headache medicine, noticing an important link between the menstrual cycle and migraine. To further this interest, MacGregor attained additional training and earned membership into the Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. She also earned a Doctorate in Medicine (MD) from the University of London and a Masters in Medical Education (MSc MedED) from the Royal College of Physicians and University College London. MacGregor's MD thesis discussed the role of estrogen in menstrual migraine.

Career
She is currently Honorary Professor at the Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma within the Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry and Associate Specialist in Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare at Barts Health NHS Trust, London. She also has a busy private practice.

Between January 1988 and July 2011 MacGregor worked at the City of London Migraine Clinic (now the National Migraine Centre), initially training under the neurologists Dr Marcia Wilkinson and Dr Nat Blau. In 1999 she became Director of Clinical Research and joined the Board of Directors as Vice Chairman. She was actively involved with the other headache charities, serving as a trustee of the Migraine Trust and member of the Medical Advisory Board of Migraine Action Association. She has served on the Executive Boards of the British Association for the Study of Headache and the Anglo-Dutch Migraine Association. For almost a decade she was on the Board of Directors of the International Headache Society, serving first as Honorary General Secretary and later as Honorary Treasurer. She was an assistant editor of Cephalagia between 1989 and 1992. In 2002 she received the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Award, which was awarded by the World Headache Alliance to a woman who has "made an extraordinary contribution toward relieving the burden of headaches on those affected".

In addition to her work in headache, MacGregor is active in the field of education and also sexual and reproductive healthcare. She was joint Vice Chair of the Examination Committee and Convener of the critical reading question group for the MFSRH, General Training Programme Director for Barts Health NHS Trust and member of the FSRH eKA review group. She is a certified trainer in SRH and Menopause Care has been a member of the Medical Advisory Committee of the British Menopause Society since 2017.

She writes for and lectures to healthcare professionals and lay groups both nationally and internationally and appears on radio and television. She has published over 200 research papers and book chapters, five single author books, co-authored seven books and co-edited three books. She was an expert advisor for the NICE headache guidelines and was a co-author of first to third editions of the British Association for the Study of Headache (BASH) Headache Management Guidelines.

Research and publications
MacGregor has published over 200 research papers and book chapters, five single author books, five co-authored books, and has co-edited four books. She has experience of trials in drug treatments for migraine and cluster headache as well as her specified interest in menstrual migraine. The results of her research led to the development of research criteria for menstrual migraine, adopted by the International Headache Society in 2004.

Awards and honours
 In 2002, MacGregor received the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Award, awarded to women whose work over time has made an extraordinary contribution to relieving those affected by headaches.
 In 2011, she received the Special Recognition Award and Honorary Life Membership from the International Headache Society.
 In 2013, co-authored book with Professor John Guillebaud, "Contraception: Your Questions Answered," was Highly Commended in the British Medical Association Book Awards.

Selected works
 MacGregor EA. Menstrual and perimenopausal migraine: a narrative review. Maturitas 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.07.005
 Barra M, Dahl FA, Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA. A Markov chain method for counting and modelling migraine attacks.Scientific Reports 2020;10:3631 (Link)
 Ornello R, Canonico M, Merki-Feld GS, Kurth T, Lidegaard O, MacGregor EA et al. Migraine, low-dose combined hormonal contraceptives, and ischemic stroke in young women: a systematic review and suggestions for future research. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2020;20(4):313-7 (Link)
 Barra M, Dahl FA, MacGregor EA, Vetvik KG. Identifying menstrual migraine– improving the diagnostic criteria using a statistical method. J Headache Pain 2019;29:95 (Link)
 Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, et al. Aids to management of headache disorders in primary care (2nd edition) : on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. J Headache Pain 2019;20(1):57. (Link)
 MacGregor EA, Guillebaud J. Time to consign the contraceptive hormone free interval to history. BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare 2018 doi:10.1136/bmjsrh-2017-200036 (Link)
 Sacco S, Merki-Feld GS, Aegidius KL, et al. Effect of exogenous estrogens and progestogens on the course of migraine during reproductive age: a consensus statement by the European Headache Federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESCRH). J Headache Pain 2018;19(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s10194-018-0896-5 (Link)
 Guillebaud J, MacGregor A. Contraception: Your Questions Answered (7th Edition). Churchill Livingstone 2017
 MacGregor EA. In the Clinic: Migraine. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(7): ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC201704040
 Vetvik K, MacGregor EA. Sex differences in the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of migraine. Lancet Neurol. 2017; 16:76-87 (Link)
 MacGregor EA. Diagnosing Migraine. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2016;42:280–286. (Link)
 MacGregor EA. Migraine management during menstruation and menopause. Continuum. 2015;21:990-1003.
 Vetvik KG, Benth JS, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Menstrual versus non-menstrual attacks of migraine without aura in women with and without menstrual migraine. Cephalalgia. 2015;35:1261-1268.
 Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. A clinical interview versus prospective headache diaries in the diagnosis of menstrual migraine without aura. Cephalalgia. 2015;35:410-416.
 Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Contraceptive-induced amenorrhoea leads to reduced migraine frequency in women with menstrual migraine without aura. J Headache Pain 2014;15 (Link)
 Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB. Prevalence of menstrual migraine: A population-based study. Cephalalgia 2014;34:280-288
 MacGregor EA. Headache in pregnancy. Continuum. 2014;20:128-147
 Shephard MK, MacGregor EA, Zakrzewska JM. Orofacial Pain: A Guide for the Headache Physician. Headache 2014;54:22-39
 MacGregor EA. Contraception and Headache. Headache 2013;53:247-76
 Westergaard ML, Steiner TJ, MacGregor EA, Antonaci F, Tassorelli C,Buse DC, Lipton RB,  Jensen RH. The Headache Under-Response to Treatment (HURT) Questionnaire: Assessment of utility in headache specialist care. Cephalalgia 2013;33:245–55
 Guillebaud J, MacGregor A. Contraception: your questions answered (6th Edition) Elsevier 2013
 MacGregor EA. Headache in Pregnancy. Neurol Clin 2012;30:835-66
 MacGregor EA. Classification of Perimenstrual Headache: Clinical Relevance. Curr Pain Headache Reports 2012;16:452-60
 MacGregor EA. Minireview: Perimenopausal migraine in women with vasomotor symptoms. Maturitas 2012;71:79-82
 MacGregor EA. Progress in the pharmacotherapy of menstrual migraine. Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics 2011:3 245–273
 MacGregor EA, Rosenberg JD, Kurth T. Sex-related differences in epidemiological and clinic-based headache studies. Headache 2011;51:843-59
 Guillebaud J, MacGregor A. The Pill and other forms of hormonal contraception (7th Edition) OUP 2009
 MacGregor EA, Frith A (Eds). ABC of Headache. Wiley Blackwell 2008
 MacGregor Dr Anne. Understanding Migraine and Other Headaches. Family Doctor Publications (BMA) 2006
 MacGregor Dr. Anne. Understanding the menopause and HRT. Family Doctor Publications (BMA). 2006
 MacGregor EA, Frith A, Ellis J, Aspinall L, Hackshaw A. Prevention of menstrual attacks of migraine: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Neurology 2006;67(12):2159-63.
 MacGregor EA, Frith A, Ellis J, Aspinall L, Hackshaw A. Incidence of migraine relative to menstrual cycle phases of rising and falling estrogen. Neurology 2006;67(12):2154-8.
 MacGregor EA, Frith A, Ellis J, Apsinall L. Predicting menstrual migraine with a home-use fertility monitor. Neurology 2005;64:561-3.
 MacGregor EA. Oestrogen and attacks of migraine with and without aura. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:354-61.
 MacGregor EA, Hackshaw A. Prevalence of migraine on each day of the natural menstrual cycle. Neurology 2004;63:351-3.
 MacGregor EA, Hackshaw A. Prevention of migraine in the pill-free week of combined oral contraceptives using natural oestrogen supplements. J Fam Plann Reprod Healthcare 2002;28:27-31
 MacGregor EA. Menstrual migraine: towards a definition. Cephalalgia 1996;16:11-21.
 MacGregor EA, Chia HMY, Vohrah C, Wilkinson M. Migraine and menstruation: a pilot study. Cephalalgia 1990;10:305-10.

References

External links
 Anne MacGregor's website
 NHS Choices Headache Video with Dr Anne MacGregor

20th-century English medical doctors
British women medical doctors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century English medical doctors
New Zealand emigrants to the United Kingdom
20th-century women physicians
21st-century women physicians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
OSW Board
OSW Commentary
The beginning of the celebrations of the centenary of Ukraine's independence
Tadeusz A. Olszański
Full text in PDF177.79 KB
January 2018 saw the first celebrations commemorating the centenary of Ukraine's fight for independence (1917–1921). The first two of these events, commemorating the declaration of independence (22 January 1918) and the battle of Kruty (29 January 1918), were surprisingly small-scale, especially with regard to the participation of Ukraine's leadership in them. This may mean that the ruling elite has no concept of how to use the centenary to solidify its political position, also in the context of the presidential and parliamentary elections planned for 2019. At the same time, a profound shift in the narrative regarding the fight from a century ago has been evident in the media reports and educational materials published by the Ukrainian Institute for National Remembrance (UINP). The emphasis is no longer placed on the armed struggle and the continuation of the leftist tradition of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic; instead, priority is given to the efforts to build a state and create its institutions, including professional armed forces. The anarchist-revolutionary traditions are criticised, and the importance of order and discipline is highlighted.
There has been a revival of positive remembrances of hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi, an opponent of revolutionary trends and a 'founding father' of numerous institutions of cultural and academic life, some of which survived the collapse of independent Ukraine; until recently, he had been erased from society's memory. This rehabilitation of him may be viewed as a response to a short-term demand from a state entangled in war and threatened by social life tumbling into anarchy, a state with persistently weak structures and institutions. However, considering that this new narrative, which has been prepared by the UINP and its collaborators, is being propagated in forms that are targeted mainly at teachers, there is no doubt that there is much more to it, and that a permanent modification to the nation's historical tradition is at stake. This new narrative is focused on Ukraine alone (although not exclusively on Ukrainians: it comprises the Crimean Tatars and other ethnic minorities as well). Poland is presented as an enemy, albeit of secondary importance, and information regarding the 1920 Polish-Ukrainian alliance is being omitted and ignored.
In the upcoming months, subsequent centenaries will be commemorated in Ukraine, including the centenary of the adoption of the national emblem, the introduction of the national currency, the recapture of Crimea and the creation of the Ukrainian Naval Forces. In November 2018, celebrations to commemorate the centenary of the establishment of the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the beginning of the war with Poland over Lviv, will be organised, likely also at the state level. The celebrations commemorating the war, which will coincide with Polish initiatives to commemorate the same historical events, may trigger new disputes in bilateral relations.
The celebrations of the centenary of proclamation of independence …
The official celebrations of the centenary of proclamation of the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR), which happened when the Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council was adopted, and of the battle of Kruty, which was of symbolic significance for the Ukrainian fight for independence in the early twentieth century, were organised on a surprisingly small scale. In contrast to expectations, no special session of Ukraine's parliament was held, and no military parade or similar state-organised celebrations took place. During his meeting with the diplomatic corps on 16 January, President Petro Poroshenko failed to even mention the centenary of independence. The main festive event was a gala held in the Ukrainian House, attended by parliamentarians, bishops, diplomats and others prominent figures, during which the President delivered a speech[1]. He also laid flowers (unaccompanied by representatives of the military) at the statue of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi[2], the only UNR leader to have a statue in Kyiv, as well as at the statues of the first victims of the Euromaidan (the anniversary of their deaths also falls on 22 January). The grassroots celebrations were limited to the traditional 'chain of unity' held on one of Kyiv's bridges. However, the purpose of this event is to commemorate not the declaration of independence but the proclamation (exactly a year later) of the unification of the UNR, , with the West Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR), located in Eastern Galicia. Since 1999, this event has been celebrated as the Day of Unity (sobornost'). For their part, the residents of Kyiv on that day were more inclined to commemorate those killed during the Euromaidan. President Poroshenko's speech in the Ukrainian House was mainly a eulogy to a strong state and a strong military, and to the unity of a nation facing a threat. The president criticised the socialist nature of the UNR, the unending disputes among its leaders, the failure to take care of the military, including in particular the "destructive phenomenon of atamanship", which in his view some would wish to revive in contemporary Ukraine. The president also reiterated the opinion, which has been spreading in Ukraine for some time now, that "without 1917 there would not have been a 1991" (i.e. the year in which Ukraine regained independence). It is worth noting that in speaking of Ukraine's leaders at that time, Poroshenko mentioned hetman Skoropadskyi first and expressed his respect for him. Only later did he mention Symon Petlura, albeit slightly ironically, referring to him as the author of the pamphlet entitled 'The Moscow louse"[3]. The third historical figure the president mentioned was Nestor Makhno. The president pointed to him as a warning and an example of the 'atamanship' (anarchy) which threatened the state. On the one hand, the President's speech was more focused on contemporary Ukraine than on the events from a century ago. On the other hand, it reflected the new historical narrative which is being promoted by the Ukrainian Institute for National Remembrance (more on this later). This is not a sign of conservatism, but rather of the need to focus all social forces around the structures of the state. This need is justified by the ongoing war. It also favours those forces that oppose radical political and economic changes.
...and of the battle of Kruty
In contrast to expectations, the state did not commemorate the centenary of the battle of Kruty in a solemn manner. The president laid flowers on the graves of those killed in the war near the Orthodox church at Askold's Mound (in downtown Kyiv) and in the Lukyanovsky Cemetery. At the last moment, he decided not to take part in the celebrations in Kruty thereby lowering the official status of the celebrations held there. On the same day, Poroshenko named the Military Institute of Telecommunication and Digitisation after the Heroes of Kruty.
The celebrations in Kruty were co-organised by the Ministry of Defence, but the minister himself did not attend them. The main element of these celebrations was the arrival from Kyiv on a special 'unity train' of around 400 pupils from military secondary schools from all over Ukraine. It is worth noting that national flags were the only flags flown during the event.
In Kyiv, historical reconstruction groups organised an event to commemorate the clash between republican troops and Bolshevik insurgent units in the Arsenal factory (which happened concurrently with the battle of Kruty). In the evening, the main grassroots celebrations took place: several thousand people attended a march in the centre of Kyiv, which culminated in the unveiling of a monument to the heroes of Kruty in Lviv Square. The monument is a plain cross carved out of stone and designed according to Cossack tradition. It stands in contrast to the grandeur of the monuments to those killed in the ongoing war. At first glance, it is evident that this is a grassroots initiative, not one devised at the state or city level. During the event, aside from national flags, red and black flags were flown, which in Ukraine are increasingly often viewed as a symbol of the fight against external violence. Alongside this, a memorial plaque was set in the wall of the train station in Bakhmach to commemorate those who fought to defend it in January 1918 (the clashes with the Bolsheviks, which took place several days before the battle of Kruty, have not been included in the national historical narrative).
The celebrations of the centenary of independence gave the impression that Ukrainian politicians did not care much about this event. The political elite in Kyiv has been increasingly interested in the preparations for the presidential and parliamentary elections scheduled for 2019. It seems that the main political actors do not view these celebrations as an opportunity to win political capital. Neither Poroshenko nor Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman or the other potential presidential candidates have shown any major interest in historical issues (unlike Viktor Yushchenko and Leonid Kuchma before him, albeit in different ways).
However, it cannot be ruled out that the historical motive will be taken up later on during the electoral campaign (the presidential campaign in particular). The new narrative regarding the centenary of independence may promote Poroshenko as the 'stabiliser of the state' and the signals regarding the threat of anarchy may be interpreted as criticism targeting Yulia Tymoshenko, who may be one of his main counter-candidates. However, for the time being, both the government camp and the main opposition forces seem comfortable with the fact that the turn towards history is happening without their involvement, which enables them to use it (or not) depending on the situation.
At the same time, an active part of society has increasingly demonstrated not so much an interest in history as a demand for a patriotic narrative that would respond to the situation of a country which is waging a prolonged but not very intensive war. The young generation, which is shouldering the main burden of the defence effort, needs it in particular. And the war with Russia from a century ago, which was largely waged by voluntary and non-regular units, evokes rather obvious associations with the war which is currently taking place. The celebrations organised as part of unofficial initiatives (including by political parties that remain outside the present establishment) were on a smaller scale than those which the state could organise. However, their appeal is stronger because they are viewed as grassroots initiatives (there is a high level of distrust of state institutions in Ukraine).
Building the new narrative of remembrance
So far, the official narrative regarding the events from before a century has been dominated by the history of the UNR and its leaders: Symon Petlura, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi and Volodymyr Vynnychenko. Emphasis has been placed almost exclusively on the armed struggle, rather than on the efforts to build a state. The Lviv-based ZUNR, itself an example of an efficient creation of civilian and military structures, has remained on the sidelines, and the Ukrainian State (Ukrayinska derzhava) under hetman Skoropadskyi was completely excluded from the history of the fight for independence because it was viewed as 'reactionary', 'German-inspired' (these opinions were formulated back in Soviet times) and 'pro-Russian'. In recent months, attempts have been made to revise this image of the past and to focus not on the war (which ultimately was lost) but on the efforts to create a state and its culture. These efforts resulted in the nation becoming solidified and – indirectly – in the Bolsheviks being forced to give their state a federal structure, which was tantamount with preserving a portion of the UNR's heritage.
The Kyiv-based newspaper Den daily announced that 2018 would be the Year of the Hetmanate, and named hetman Skoropadskyi as the patron of Ukrainian liberalism[4]. This should be viewed as bizarre – a conservative aristocrat who viewed the Ukrainian state as a hereditary monarchy is definitely not suited to be the patron of liberals. However, he is an excellent patron for promoters of the state, because almost all the Ukrainian institutions that survived the fall of independence were created during his rule and under his patronage.
The creation of the new narrative is most evident in the methodological materials for teachers prepared in recent weeks by the Ukrainian Institute for National Remembrance[5]. On the list entitled 'One hundred faces of the Ukrainian revolution' Petlura was only ranked twentieth. He was outdistanced not only by Yevhen Petrushevych, the president of the ZUNR, but also even by Dmytro Vitovskyi, who was commander of its military for a short period. The symbolic figure who is most popular today, Hrushevskyi, was ranked first, and hetman Skoropadskyi was ranked second. Mykola Mikhnovskyi was ranked third; in 1917 he was one of the few consistent independence fighters, but his role in the process of building the UNR was rather insignificant. Vynnychenko, the actual leader of the UNR in 1917–18, was only ranked fourth. Fifth place was taken by Borys Martos, back then the UNR's minister of agriculture, and sixth place by Serhiy Yefremov, a proponent of Ukraine's autonomy; in January 1918 he actually opposed the plan to declare independence. Aside from politicians and military commanders, the list included numerous social activists, academics, writers and artists (including a large group of theatre directors and performers). The latter group also included those who accepted the new reality post-1921, avoided the repression of the 1930s and were included in the pantheon of Soviet art, such as the great filmmaker Oleksandr Dovzhenko and the well-known poet Pavlo Tychyna. This is an important confirmation of the fact that the anathema of de-Communisation does not apply to those who were prominent artists and scientists in Soviet times.
The process discussed here entails much more than just a shift of emphases; it entails a change in the narrative. To restore Skoropadskyi's reputation means placing the emphasis on the peaceful building of the state, on law and order (which the hetman managed to maintain for some six months, largely due to the protection offered by German and Austrian troops), and also on the regular (and not the revolutionary) army. Thus the emphasis is placed on the state, not on society. There has also been a move away from the tendency to place the country people and the agrarian question at the centre of the events of that time; instead, the urban elites have been restored to their former place in history. Actually, this is tantamount to the eradication of Soviet schemes of thinking about history. The process of shaping the new narrative has just begun. Previous actions by the Ukrainian Institute for National Remembrance indicate that its leadership is oriented towards long-term activities: not on 're-educating' the present society, but rather on shaping the new generation. This is why on the occasion of major anniversaries the Institute publishes methodological materials for teachers[6], as well as infographics which appeal to the young generation better than essays. In recent months it has been distributing a board game dedicated to the fight for independence, free of charge.
The place of Poland in the new narrative of remembrance
From Poland's point of view, the main elements in Polish-Ukrainian relations in 1917–21 are the Piłsudski–Petlura alliance of 1920 and the preceding war between the Republic of Poland, which at that time was reviving its own structures, and the newly created ZUNR. Meanwhile, from the perspective of contemporary Ukraine, both of these events are of secondary importance: the failed 1920 spring campaign (the so-called Kyiv Offensive) was merely an episode, and the price of the alliance was very high, as Petlura agreed to cede Eastern Galicia and Volhynia to Poland (the 1921 Polish-Soviet peace treaty only confirmed these decisions). This may be one of the reasons why Petlura is being pushed into the background today. Similarly, the 1918–19 war over Lviv does not belong to the mainstream of Ukrainian thinking about the nation's history: at present, Ukraine's enemy is not Poland.
These methodological materials hardly ever mention the alliance with Poland. The 'One hundred years of fighting' brochure contains a short passage regarding "the Warsaw accord of 21 April 1920" interpreted as "breaking Ukraine's international isolation" and winning "military support […] in exchange for territorial concessions". Another section of the brochure mentions the fact that in Poland an infantry division under General Bezruchko was being formed, which "entered Kyiv alongside the Polish troops". Another section of the brochure claims that "in the autumn of 1920 the UNR army was abandoned by its allies...", whereas the preceding passage mentions "...the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1918–19". The latter event is referred to as "Poland's aggression". A biographical note on Vyacheslav Lypynskyi in 'One hundred faces...' states that he "was a descendant of an old noble family" but fails to mention that the family was Polish (the Lipiński family came from Mazovia).
Bezruchko's biographical note in 'One hundred faces...' contains a blatant historical falsehood. It says that "historians view him as a Ukrainian who saved Warsaw from the Bolsheviks during the Miracle on the Vistula […]. The heroic defence of Zamość during the Polish-Soviet war brought him his greatest fame. The city's defenders managed to stop Budyonny's cavalry for two days, which enabled the Poles to win the battle near Warsaw". In fact, the defence of Zamość against Budyonny, which indeed was led by Bezruchko, took place on 28–31 August, which means that it could not have affected the result of the battle of Warsaw, which took place much earlier. The thesis regarding Bezruchko's participation in saving Warsaw, which has been promoted in Ukrainian historiography and journalism for many years, is likely to become an important element of Ukraine's historical policy in the next few years.
The historical continuity of the Ukrainian state
One of the goals of 2015's de-Communisation laws was to restore the legal continuity between the UNR and contemporary Ukraine. Back then, the relevant section was removed at the last moment, one possible reason being that it was contained in the preamble and omitted the formal and legal aspect of the matter. The expectation was that this section of the law would be withdrawn for only a short time, and would be restored in a more favourable situation. Indeed, on the day of the centenary of the UNR's declaration of independence, a relevant bill was submitted to the Ukrainian parliament[7] by a group of MPs from the nationalist Svoboda party. For the time being, it is not known whether the bill was consulted with the UINP and whether it will be the only bill on this matter. However, it should be expected that this topic will be included in the agenda of the parliamentary session in spring 2018. Pursuant to the bill, Ukraine is the legal successor to the UNR, after the collapse of which "between 18 March 1921 and 23 August 1991 it had the status of an occupied country". This legal succession is only symbolic: the bill states that all international accords signed by the UNR (including the 1920 Warsaw accord pursuant to which Eastern Galicia and Volhynia were ceded to Poland) lost their legal validity on 18 March 1921 (i.e. when the Treaty of Riga was signed). The bill also confirmed the validity of the law on Ukraine's legal succession of 12 September 1991. So, in legal terms nothing has changed: the international treaties and internal legal acts adopted by the Ukrainian SSR remain in force, even if the UkrSSR is considered a structure of occupation. The only change is in the symbolic identity of the state – and as such it will be very important.
The anniversaries of the successive events related to Ukraine's fight for independence will continue until the autumn of 2020. However, the minor involvement of the state authorities in the celebrations surrounding the most important of these events, i.e. the proclamation of independence, suggests that the celebrations of other anniversaries (more often of failures than victories) may be treated likewise. Due to their present political significance, the spring 2018 anniversaries of the Ukrainian army (in cooperation with the German army) seizing eastern Ukraine and Crimea may be among the few exceptions.
The anniversary celebrations that will be organised in 2019 will be strongly affected by the dual electoral campaign. At this point, it is difficult to predict how the main actors will wish to employ (or avoid) them. Celebrations will certainly be organised to commemorate the centenary of Ukraine's unification (in January 2019), and in March 2019 Ukraine will be faced with the problem of remembering the anti-Jewish pogroms carried out during the war for independence, because of the centenary of the biggest such pogrom (in Proskuriv, now Khmelnytskyi).
In November 2018, the local government in Eastern Galicia will definitely organise celebrations of the centenary of the ZUNR (which will also be the centenary of the conflict with Poland); these will inevitably coincide with Polish celebrations of the centenary of the defence of Lviv (some of which will be organised in the city), and will also revive the dispute regarding the question as to which of the then warring sides in the war over Eastern Galicia was the defender and which was the aggressor. In the remaining part of the country (particularly in Kyiv) grassroots celebrations should be expected (organised mainly by nationalist groups). However, the scale of the national government's involvement in the celebrations will depend on the state of Polish-Ukrainian relations at that time. Although this centenary has been included in the annual official list of celebrations[8], it is just one of fifty such events: the experience of previous years indicates that many such anniversaries receive little attention.
Regardless of the dynamic of the official celebrations, a new way of thinking about the events of a century ago is increasingly evident: the emphasis is being shifted from defending the state to building the state, which also includes developing the national culture from heroism to professionalism (including in military issues). Moreover, what is being stressed is the fact that Ukraine fought for its independence on its own (the importance of the alliances with Germany, and later Poland, is being omitted), and the war for independence that broke out in January 1917 lasted as long as until 1991.
Historical figures mentioned in the text
Marko Bezruchko (1883–1944), a Russian army officer, from 1918 a Ukrainian army officer, in 1920 he led the defence of Zamość, and spent his later life in exile in Poland.
Oleksandr Dovzhenko (1894–1956), participant in the fight for independence at the beginning of 1918. Post-1920, a filmmaker, one of the most prominent figures in Soviet cinema in the 1920s, considered one of the masters of world cinema.
Mykhailo Hrushevskyi (1886–1934), Ukraine's most prominent historian, in 1917–18 president of the Ukrainian Central Council, frequently and mistakenly considered Ukraine's first president. In 1919–24 in exile in Czechoslovakia, later in the USSR.
Serhiy Yefremov (1876–1939), outstanding literary scholar, in 1917–18 a member of the executive body of the Ukrainian Central Council, opponent of Ukraine's declaration of independence. In spring 1918 he withdrew from public life to pursue an academic career. In 1930, he was arrested by the NKVD, died in prison.
Vyacheslav Lypynskyi aka Wacław Lipiński (1882–1931), a Polish landowner, Ukrainian by choice, political activist, creator of Ukrainian conservatism, post-1920 in exile in Austria and Germany, collaborator of hetman Skoropadskyi.
Borys Martos (1879–1977), activist and promoter of the cooperative movement, author of the Ukrainian agrarian reform, in 1919 held the office of prime minister of the UNR and other posts. Post-1920, in exile in Germany, Czechoslovakia and the USA.
Mykola Mikhnovskyi (1873–1924), columnist, author of the pamphlet 'Samostiyna Ukrayina' [Independent Ukraine] (1900), in which he was the first to formulate the demand for Ukraine's independence. In summer 1917 he organised Ukrainian armed forces (modelled on the structures of the tsar's army); later he withdrew from public life and remained in Ukraine.
Symon Petlura (1879–1926), initiator of the creation of the new Ukrainian armed forces (not modelled on the structures of the tsar's army), the leader of the uprising against hetman Skoropadskyi in autumn 1918, and later head of the UNR Directorate. In spring 1920, he entered into an alliance with Poland, under which the state borders were delineated and later confirmed in the Polish-Soviet peace treaty. Post-1920, in exile in Poland and France. He was assassinated by the NKVD.
Yevhen Petrushevych (1863–1940), a Galician politician, member of parliament of the Austrian Empire, president and later dictator of the ZUNR, head of its government in exile (until 1923), spent his later life in exile in Austria and Germany.
Pavlo Skoropadskyi (1873–1945), descendant of a prominent elite Cossack family, professional serviceman in the Russian army, from 1917 a proponent of the Ukrainian national movement. Between April and December 1918, Hetman of the Ukrainian State (this was the name of the hetman-led state; the name and the system of the UNR had been abandoned), spent his later life in exile in Germany, leader of the conservative wing of the Ukrainian émigré community.
Pavlo Tychyna (1891–1967), poet and activist in the amateur artistic movement, author of several poems dedicated to Ukraine's fight for independence (including the well-known 'At Askold's Mound / They were buried...' dedicated to the heroes of the battle of Kruty). He did not take part in the fight for independence. Post-1920, a prominent poet and social activist, a deputy to the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR.
Dmytro Vitovskyi (1887–1919), officer of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (a voluntary formation in the Austrian army), organiser of the Ukrainian uprising in Eastern Galicia in November 1918, the first commander of the ZUNR's armed forces. He was killed in an aviation accident.
Volodymyr Vynnychenko (1880–1951), columnist, writer and socialist movement activist, the de facto leader of the Ukrainian Central Council, in 1917–18 head of the Central Secretariat (the government) of Ukraine. Post-1918, in exile in France.
[1] http://www.president.gov.ua/news/vistup-prezidenta-ukrayini-na-urochistomu-zibranni-z-nagodi-45530
[2] For basic information on the early 20th century activists discussed in the text see the Appendix.
[3] A propaganda brochure targeting Ukrainian country people published in 1925 in Paris.
[4] For example see Ігор Сюндюков, '«Заборонена» історія', День, 19 January 2018, https://day.kyiv.ua/uk/article/podrobyci/zaboronena-istoriya, accessed 23 January 2018. On subsequent days the newspaper regularly published history-related materials for the general public dedicated to the hetman and his state.
[5] '100 облич Української революції', http://www.memory.gov.ua/sites/default/files/100_oblich_0.pdf; methodological guidelines regarding this material: http://www.memory.gov.ua/news/institut-pidgotuvav-ilyustrativnii-proekt-100-oblich-ukrainskoi-revolyutsii; the brochure '100 років боротьби: Українська революція 1917–1921' ("One hundred years of fighting: the Ukrainian revolution 1917–1921"), http://unr.memory.gov.ua/metodichni-materiali/nashi-vidannya/broshura-100-rokiv-borotbi-ukrainska-revolyutsiya-1917-1921, all accessed 1 February 2018. For more methodological materials: unr.memory.gov.ua/metodichni-materiali/metodichni-materiali. When printed in high resolution, some of these materials can be displayed as ready exhibitions.
[6] A methodological guidebook regarding the German-perpetrated crime in Babi Yar was published almost concurrently with the publications mentioned in the text; www.memory.gov.ua/news/u-kievi-prezentuyut-posibnik-dlya-vchiteliv, accessed 1 February 2018.
[7] Олег Ярославович Тягнибок, Україна – правонаступниця УНР. Проект закону; http://blogs.pravda.com.ua/authors/tiahnybok/5a65f7a43a75a/, accessed 22 January 2018.
[8] Resolution by Ukraine's Supreme Council of 8 February 2018. (http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=62855, access 9 February 2018). It is noteworthy that the note on the website of the Ukrainian Institute for National Remembrance regarding this resolution (www.memory.gov.ua/news/rada-ukhvalila-perelik-pamyatnikh-dat-i-yuvileiv-u-2018-rotsi, accessed 9 February 2018) only mentions four anniversaries: the centenary of the adoption of the national emblem, of the introduction of the national currency and the recapture of Crimea, and the four hundredth anniversary of hetman Sahaidachny's attack on Muscovy (an element of the war between the Republic of Poland and Russia).
Related to the topic
Zelensky: a recipe for the presidency
New hopes, old risks: the prospects for settling the conflict in Donbas
To serve the people – total power in Zelensky's hands
Government of experts in Ukraine
President Zelenskiy dissolves Verkhovna Rada
OSW Newsletter
Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW)
tel.: (+48) 22 525 80 00, fax: (+48) 22 525 80 40
email: info@osw.waw.pl

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A trail camera is not only used for game surveillance but also for security. Yes, what you use to hunt for prey can also be used to catch predators. In this case, the predators can be other wild animals, or if you are at home, possibly home invaders. Therefore, you should have the best trail camera for security.
A good trail camera that is used for security should be one that can withstand the harsh conditions of the wild. At the same time, it should also be undetectable and easy to use. These qualifications can be hard to come across, but leave it to us to give you three of the best options.
Today, we are going to take a look at three trail cameras and determine which one is the best fit for you. We are going to list down their features, as well as the pros and cons of using them in order to help you make a well-informed decision.
Hopefully, by the end of this read, you will know which one can cover your back while you are stalking your wild game. Ready to know which one is the best trail camera for security? Then, keep on reading!
The trail camera of Victure is a best-seller, and it has claimed that moniker on its own right since its features are so versatile. They claim that they have the perfect balance between performance and functionality. So, let us take a look at the features that they are well known for.
The Victure Trail Game Camera boasts high-quality resolution, thanks to its camera tech that captures 12 MP for images and 1080P for video. The photos that are captured during daytime are colored and bright, while the photos that are captured at nighttime are black and white. Additionally, its trigger time is very impressive at only 0.5 seconds.
This camera's best placement is at one meter to 10 meters from the subject. It is also designed with infrared technology and dimmed LEDs, which means that it won't produce a flash when taking photos of the game. The IR filter is fully automatic, and there are 24 pieces of infrared, low-glow LEDs that are black.
It is also rain-proof, dust-proof, and drop-proof. Lastly, it has a lot of modes such as interval recording, timer, time-lapse, time stamp, password protection, and a low battery alarm. The 2.4-inch LCD screen makes it convenient to view videos and pictures.
Moving on to another trail camera, we have one that is known for its trigger speed. But before we discuss that, let us first take a look at the quality of the image and video capture of this product.
The Zosi Trail Camera is capable of capturing 16 MP images and 1080P videos. In order to allow for easy use, it also has a lens that can turn at 110 degrees to give you a wider angle.
Moving on to its selling point, which is the trigger speed, the Zosi Trail Camera is designed to have a remarkable 0.2 seconds to 0.6 seconds trigger time. Accordingly, the PIR sensor also has a 90-degree wide angle potion. More than that, it can shoot with color during daytime and black and white at night.
Further, it has a standby time that can last for eight to 12 months, so that is great power saving technology. It is also battery-operated—you can use either 4AA or 8AA batteries. As for the SD card, it can support up to 32GB. Lastly, it can be used outdoors for the temperature range of -30℃ to 70℃.
The last trail camera we are going to take a look at is a combination of the two previous products we reviewed. It is mid-range because it can be used by both professionals and beginners. With that fact alone, we can conclude that its features are advanced but are still very easy to manage.
Its camera can capture 1080P for videos with sound and 16MP for images. The images are colored during the day and black and white at night. Accordingly, you can set it up for three snapshots for every detection.
As for its trigger time, it comes anywhere between 0.2 seconds to 0.6 seconds, which is kind of the same with the trail camera from Zosi. Further, it is equipped with a PIR sensor that can be turned at 120 degrees. Its IR filter is also fully automatic. The IR has a flash range of 65 feet, and it has 46 pieces of 850nm IR LEDs.
Moreover, this trail camera is also IP56 waterproof and has a very low operating system for energy consumption. On standby mode, it can last for up to eight months. Lastly, its LCD is measured at 2.4 inches, allowing you to view the captured images and videos easily. There are multiple shooting modes that are just as easy to set up.
All of the trail cameras that we reviewed previously are actually some of the best in the market. However, if we are going to choose only one, we suggest that you go for the Victure Trail Game Camera. It is fairly new in the world of trail cameras, but with its remarkable features, it immediately became a best-seller.
Truly, it has earned its spot to be called as such because this trail camera will capture everything that is within its range. Not only that, but it can capture clear images without a lot of modes set up on your part as well. Is it not amazing? You get optimum performance with just a bit of effort.
With that said, do keep in mind that this product is not best for beginners. You should at least have played with a previous trail camera so you can appreciate the complexity of this one from Victure. Other than that, you will surely enjoy this trail camera.


FRIENDS! Remember yesterday I posted that I had a secret to share about an adoption related topic but not directly dealing with OUR adoption. Well i am ready to tell you! So I currently work in the medical field and always have. I had been going to school for nursing and early last year while … More Secret Telling.
SO a while back I mentioned I would start sharing different things inspiring me. I don't claim to be some super inspirational person BUT tons of other people inspire me and I truly feel like because of some of those things I am overall happier with my life. So first of all I think there … More Life_ it's yours.
Leave a comment Life_ it's yours.


Published at Friday, February 15th, 2019 - 15:07:56 PM. Dream Home. By Austin Lagi.
Your Dream Home Plans on the Waterfront : Imagine the most beautiful body of water you have ever been lucky enough to see, and then imagine yourself living in the most spectacular waterfront home that could possibly be built. While this might not be an achievable dream for most of us, it sure is still nice to dream once in a while. If you were to put together your dream house plans for your waterfront property, what would you include? Lets say that your dream house is located on a lake with some very desirable beachfront. The lot would have to be big enough to fit a house that would have at least five bedrooms and even more bathrooms! It would also have to be large enough to include the spacious pool, athletic court, hot tub, guest house, huge garage, gated entry and more. That also doesnt include the dock and the luxury yacht to go with it! All of this is great for the outdoors, but what about the interior of your dream home plans? When you first step into the foyer with slate flooring, you will be greeted with two spiral staircases that lead you up to the second story. The kitchen will be sprawling with some of the most unique granite that you have ever laid eyes on. The appliances will be nothing but the best of the best as well. The master bedroom will be large enough to fit a king size bed and have extra room for a separate sitting area. If you are feeling rather spunky you could also include a fireplace in there if you wish. There will be a double set of French doors that lead their way out onto a terrace with a breathtaking view of the lake with a mountain in the background. The master bath will be the best part of your luxury house plan. Not only will it have his and her sinks, double vanities, two walk in closets and bear claw tub, it will also have a steam shower with plenty of shower heads. If you are imagining your ultimate dream home, you will have the ultimate master bathroom. This is where you can really revel in your luxurious desires. Since we are only dreaming, this is the time for the most expensive materials to be used. Granite or tile will cover just about every square inch and the detail in the wood work will be superb. The lighting fixtures themselves will cost thousands of dollars. No expense will be spared in this dream! While it sounds like the best dream house plans ever designed at House Plans and More, this is hardly a possible reality for most of us. Since we probably will never own a waterfront home that costs millions of dollars, we will just have to live vicariously through our luxury house plan ideas instead. If you really want to check out some great dream home plans, check out House Plans and More to browse through some really luxurious homes.
Luxury Dream Homes Buyers Guide : Like the idea of a soul mate, the notion of a dream home is a very intimate and personal one. Close your eyes and you can see with clarity your ideal luxury dream home. Perhaps a small cottage, or a towering old mansion; Possibly located in the middle of a forest or the centre of a large city, maybe even near a sparkling mountain lake. At this point in your life when you are financially secure and able to buy such a home, it can be a little intimidating but also very exciting. With the multitude of luxury dream homes to chose from, and especially in this current home market, you could be thinking, will I ever find my ideal luxury home? Well, it is very achievable to own your luxury dream home if you use the correct steps. Firstly, take a moment to relax. Allow yourself plenty of time. After choosing the town, city or region, make the choice of finding a real estate agent a priority, make sure the agent specializes in luxury homes. Look for the bargains available in that area. Is a local bank holding a property auction? With so many houses being foreclosed on, and so many other people simply walking away from their mortgages due to steep drop in property values, many banks want to get rid of the homes that theyre presently holding so they wont have to pay for their maintenance and upkeep. The result is, there can be luxury homes available at extremely low prices, and sometimes amazingly low. Local specialized real estate agents sometimes hear of great bargains, and these luxury homes are not yet advertised to the general public or via any media. Its time for you to get to work once your agent helps you narrow down your search. Survey the area surrounding each of your dream home possibilities using Google Earth. The Internet is a great option to research the neighborhood. You can research statistics about local schools, both private and public, and about the regions flora and fauna. You might not have to do all this research yourself, either as some real estate agents are area specialists, people who can provide you all with sorts of facts and figures about a given locale. With all of this information at your fingertips, you can arrange appointments to visit the homes youre most interested in (and meet the neighbors if thats feasible). When considering making an offer, be sure your first offer is less than the asking price, no matter what that asking price is. And always be positive! After all the time and careful attention, you turn the house of your dreams into a reality.


Whilst packing up camp at Munurru our neighbouring camp asked if we had any solder rods as they had found a crack in their axel. Luckily we had some to share and after pulling out the car seats and accessing the spare parts we happily helped out – as thanks the gentleman insisted giving us some cryovac steaks from the cattle station where he works! We said to the kids 'what goes around comes around' good deeds are rewarded in the outback!
The children asked the Munurru camp host for a ride on his four wheeler service vehicle and he took them around the camp ground – which they all loved!
We had a fairly big day driving from Munurru via Drysdale for more fuel and then along the Gibb River to Homevalley was approx 325km and we found this section of the Gibb River Road to be the most rocky and poor condition yet – although it wasn't slowing some people down! This part of the road travels over through the Pentecost Ranges and was also quite windy. Holly asked for the 'chuckies bag' but thankfully it wasn't required this time.
Just before the Homevalley Station turnoff we came to a lookout for the Cockburn Ranges and we were there for the lovely late evening sunlight. A magical view. This lookout also has perfect Telstra service – the first mobile service since leaving Derby!
We arrived at Homevalley station not long before dinner… never an ideal time to arrive anywhere with three tired hungry kids and the need to set up camp. To add to our woes the place was packed to the canvas! ( ha ha not rafters…get it – sorry late jokes). We loved the boab tree gate. (photographed as we left the station).
Homevalley has a outback cowboy country station feel with a resort like setting (and fees) it does still have cattle on the station but tourists are the main industry. After looking at the walks we decided that we would only stay one night. Homevalley is close to the Pentecost River, which has Estuarine Crocodiles and therefore none of the walks have safe swimming but they have washing machines and a pool. We tried to book dinner to treat ourselves but the restaurant was full.
At 630am I was lined up (yes lined up) to use the washing machines and two hours later got to use them. Nearly midday by the time the washing was finished we decided to stay and use the pool and finish the washing. Thankfully Homevalley have a cafe with decent coffee – I loved the Boab tree cup!
The highlight at Homevalley was having Stuart and Judy, (the couple we had met at Munurru) camp next to us….the children were so happy to have friendly faces to talk to they inundated Stuart and Judy with questions.
Andrew gave Stuart some solder and helped with reconnecting Stuart's Solar panel. We all met at the pool for a swim and after our swim Stuart insisted on buying us a drink as thanks, which was a lovely finish to the day.
The children played on the play ground and were excited to visit the horses on the station. They were all keen to have a horse ride but Bianca was not old enough and we thought we would wait until El Questro (see if Bianca could go too). After two nights we packed up marked our travels on the big map of Australia and headed to our last stop in the Kimberley -El Questro.


text:
Memory and Migration: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Memory Studies
JULIA CREET
ANDREAS KITZMANN
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt2ttzkd
Memory and Migration
A groundbreaking contribution to an emerging field of study,Memory and Migrationprovides valuable insight into the connections between memory, place, and displacement.
Subjects: Sociology
(pp. v-viii)
(pp. ix-x)
(pp. xi-2)
Introduction: The Migration of Memory and Memories of Migration
Memory, in all its forms, physical, psychological, cultural, and familial, plays a crucial role within the contexts of migration, immigration, resettlement, and diasporas, for memory provides continuity to the dislocations of individual and social identity, particularly in a country like Canada, a nation in large part formed by migration and the memory of migrants. And yet contemporary theories of memory have mostly considered memoryin situ, and place itself as a stable, unchanging environment. The link between memory and place has historically attended the study of memory in every sense: in its contents (our attachment to memories of home); in...
SECTION ONE: THE MELANCHOLY OF NO RETURN
1 Emigratory Experience: The Melancholy of No Return
ZOFIA ROSIŃSKA
Encyclopedias define emigration as a social phenomenon of the translocation of people from their native country to another, either permanently or for an extended period of time, for economic or political reasons. Sociologists categorize emigration depending on its ends and its causes under headings such as voluntary, forcible, permanent, temporary, political, and economical. The entry 'emigration' does not figure in psychological or philosophical dictionaries. And yet, besides its sociological significance, the phenomenon of emigration has a psychological and philosophical dimension as well, and that dimension will be the main focus of this essay.
Not every translocation of people constitutes emigration,...
2 Memory for Breakfast
SRDJA PAVLOVIC
These notes are an exercise in mnemohistory, and the product of a loneliness that is accustomed to being public. This is a story of sediment, a remnant of the years in exile retold as a story of dislocated identity that undertakes Icarian flights in all directions. My speech leaves its cask alienated and personal at the same time. It is the voice of longing for a once known and now lost presence, whose broken pieces still float through my veins, shaped by the journey I had to undertake, inescapably connected to all the pleasures as well as the discomforts associated...
3 Remigration and Lost Time: Resuming Life after the Holocaust
VERONIKA ZANGL
In looking over the various concepts of memory, it becomes apparent that these concepts often emerge as symptoms of a deep socio-political crisis. This is true for some of the most famous founding legends of memory, for instance, the discovery of the book Deuteronomy, as described in the Old Testament, or the story of the orator Simonides, as told by Cicero. Both legends tell the story of a catastrophe against the background of either a deep rupture of identity (Deuteronomy) or the violation of identity (Simonides). But ruptures not only shape concepts of memory. They also seem to bring about...
4 The Waiting Zone
CHOWRA MAKAREMI
Ghislaine K. is one of the twenty thousand undocumented aliens who are held each year in the detention centre of Roissy Airport in France, in what is called the 'waiting zone' or 'Zapi 3.' She has been put in room number 56, at the end of the corridor. She will be deported back to Congo-Brazzaville – from whence she came – three days after her arrival.
I met Ghislaine K. while I was doing a field study in the waiting zone while working as a legal assistant. In May 2004 she was 'controlled' upon her arrival at Roissy Airport and considered 'non-admitted'...
SECTION TWO: COLLECTIVE MEMORY GHETTOS
5 Frames of Memory: WWII German Expellees in Canada
This has been a difficult chapter to write. The reasons for this difficulty are, however, cagey and of the sort that resist being grounded within a stable context of definition. It has been difficult to write because on the surface it should not appear to be difficult at all. This chapter deals with first-hand accounts of an historical occurrence, in this case the experiences of theVolksdeutsche(ethnic Germans) who were forced to flee their homes in eastern and southeastern Europe at the end of the Second World War. Consequently, the writing of such a chapter would appear to be...
6 The Cultural Trauma Process, or the Ethics and Mobility of Memory
JOHN SUNDHOLM
A defence of false memory might be considered provocative and even immoral, but only from a strictly epistemological standpoint. I want to show that what is considered false epistemology and false memory is not always to be condemned, because if we posit only epistemological claims on memory, we downplay its ethical and hermeneutical dimensions. I use the term 'hermeneutical' in the sense of a request to understand or to create an internal relation to an object that does not necessarily imply an interpretation of its meaning or content. The philosopher Avishai Margalit is very precise regarding the limits of the...
7 Locked in a Memory Ghetto: A Case Study of a Kurdish Community in France
LAURENN GUYOT
This poem summarizes well the history of Kurdish exiles. Firstly, it illustrates the destruction of hundreds of Kurdish villages by the Turkish army,² the persecutions and tortures endured by the Kurds, and the feeling of being expelled shared by numerous Kurdish migrants. Secondly, one can observe an indifference towards the conditions of settlement and an unfailing will to return to the homeland. These observations illustrate the strong links between the past, exile, and ways of apprehending the present in immigration. It shows that not only is the past not forgotten, it is also celebrated. In immigration, remembering sometimes becomes a...
8 Home in Exile: Politics of Refugeehood in the Canadian Muslim Diaspora
NERGIS CANEFE
This paper explores the role played by remembrance of home in the lives of refugees in Canada who are in exile from Muslim majority countries.² Refugees speak of a home that is lost all but in memory, and yet emphasize its continual political and historical significance. As such, remembrance of home in the diaspora could be characterized as an act of defiance that refugees embrace as a form of politics. Memories of home defy their exilic condition as a global community of unwanted peoples with no state to claim, and no society to rely on. Through remembrance, refugees strive to...
SECTION THREE: THE SMELL OF FLOWERS AND ROTTING POTATOES
9 The Flower Girl: A Case Study in Sense Memory
MONA LINDQVIST
A case study from my clinical practice as a psychotherapist illustrates how traumatic recall sometimes happens first through sense modalities – as Amira Bojadzija-Dan so beautifully expresses it, 'the lingering presence of the sense memory of … smells, tastes, and texture' – only later to emerge into words and narrative.¹ The case concerns a twentysix-year-old female refugee from Uzbekistan who was brutally raped sometime before she migrated to Sweden. I will use the case study to argue that this traumatic memory was at first primarily a sensory experience before it transformed itself into a cognitive and verbal memory. When talking about migration...
10 Reading Sensation: Memory and Movement in Charlotte Delbo's Auschwitz and After
AMIRA BOJADZIJA-DAN
Charlotte Delbo'sAuschwitz and Aftertakes us into the place of memory in a way that monuments cannot. Narratives saturated with the memories of bodily suffering, stories about the lingering presence of the sense memory of the smells, tastes, and texture of Auschwitz, seem to flow towards the reader like streams of affect seeking to break a new path, to connect two realities disconnected from one another. Simply being a reader cannot explain the affective transaction that takes place in this encounter. Narratives of 'sense memory' reveal something to the body, communicating feeling as the true meaning of Delbo's work....
11 Memory, Diaspora, Hysteria: Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace
MARLENE GOLDMAN
In her introduction to this collection, Julia Creet asserts that 'migration is the condition of memory,'¹ and cites Pierre Nora's lament that 'we create … sites of memory … because we no longer have "real environments of memory," stable, geographic, generational environments' in which memory resides.² Like many of the contributors to this volume on migration and memory, I focus on the impact on memory of the loss of 'real environments of memory' associated with diaspora. My paper also attempts to answer a central question posed by this volume: how do we understand memory that has migrated or has been...
SECTION FOUR: ARCHITECTURES OF MEMORY
12 Value of Memory – Memory of Value: A Mnemonic Interpretation of Socrates' Ethical Intellectualism
Sigmund Freud, while arguing that he had successfully resolved the paradoxes of Socratic ethical intellectualism, also stressed strong connections between evaluation and memory. According to his early dream theory, people tend to remember what is good (or pleasurable) and to forget what is bad (or painful).² Thus, evaluation is what sets apart conscious and subconscious memory, and the recognition of good and bad shapes our memory in fundamental ways. Yet, Freud only reminds us of what Plato had previously demonstrated: the strong connection between memory and evaluation, such that it even clouds the real difference between these two spheres. Hence,...
13 Migratory Subjects: Memory Work in Krzysztof Wodiczko's Projections and Instruments
LUIZA NADER
Georges Bataille's famous hatred for architecture was motivated, as Denis Hollier observes, by its anthropomorphism understood as a sort of mirror stage.¹ Through the intervention of his images, Krzysztof Wodiczko acts against the architectural body, revealing the hominization (the process of becoming human) contained in each building. Wodiczko attempts to rework individual and social traumas, introducing memory into the public space of history, by interrupting architecture with visual images that are literally or metaphorically veiled by its structure. In his slide and video projections haunting urban spaces, the artist deals with the problem of the Other, evicted from social and...
14 The Veiled Room
YVONNE SINGER
In her introduction to this collection of essays, Julia Creet asks, 'Does memory only adhere to point of origin?' She asks the reader to consider asking 'different questions of memory, ones that do not attend only to the content of memory but to the travels that have invoked it.' My dilemma is precisely locating and categorizing my memory. What is its point of origin? What is the content of memory that belongs to me and not my parents'? Is it 'real' or 'artificial'? These are the questions that I explore in this essay through my biography and my art practice....
15 The Archive as Temporary Abode
As with so many of the papers in this collection, this one too starts from a case study, in this instance, a history close to home. It is an end, not only for this collection but also, I hope, of a long expedition to read coded memories left by my mother, an immigrant who desperately wanted to forget a past and a place that she remembered compulsively. My quest will end with the deposition of her papers, the moment at which my siblings and I will relinquish her documentary by-products and our complicated memorial exercises to the holdings of an...


Pipe brush is generally used in the hydraulic valve internal control deburring, cylinder liner piston internal control polishing, steel drum cleaning, tube cleaning, boiler dirt removal, metal parts internal hole deburring, etc..
Groove edge deburring, cross-hole deburring, air conditioning refrigerator (compressor) deburring, cylinder deburring, engine parts, mechanical processing, hole processing, brake grain processing; It is also suitable for the polishing of some round, cone and venturi holes. The spherical brush can be used for surface treatment of cylinders, valves, cavities and pipes of various shapes and sizes easily and quickly. Polishing brush can automatically centering, automatic calibration of the hole surface for fine consistent processing, does not affect the original accuracy and scale of the workpiece, easy to use, economic, significant effect.
3, pipe brush is to clean or brush the inside of the pipe, and brush the outside of the pipe brush. It is to use commonly common bristle brush, conduit is special arc roller is brushed, solved this problem. Due to large area of arc contact surface. Painting and brushing on the surface of pipelines of 10-100cm greatly improves the production schedule and work efficiency.


Sewer Cover Throw Rugs | OhGizmo!
While not a gizmo or gadget per se we here at OhGizmo still appreciate a unique bit of design when we see it. And these throw rugs modelled after manhole covers from large metropolitan cities definitely fall under unique design. Currently available are manhole covers from New York, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles and even London.
They're made from 100% recycled truck tires and are nylon flocked making them extremely durable and suitable for indoor or outdoor use. At 24 inches in diameter they certainly won't go unnoticed either. If you've moved onto suburb life from the big city a few of these around the house might help ease the transition.
The Sewer Cover Throw Rugs are available from Perpetual Kid for $23.99 each.


If average speed of your car will be standard for this route between The Westin Paris - Vendôme, 75009 Paris, France and Rue Royale, 75008 Paris, France and road conditions will be as usual, time that you will need to arrive to Rue Royale, 75008 Paris, France will be 1 hour.
Driving distance between The Westin Paris - Vendôme, 75009 Paris, France and Rue Royale, 75008 Paris, France is calculated by google maps and it is 99 mi.
You need 2 hour to reach Rue Royale, 75008 Paris, France from The Westin Paris - Vendôme, 75009 Paris, France , if you are travelling by car.
Average amount of gas with an average car when travelling from The Westin Paris - Vendôme, 75009 Paris, France to Rue Royale, 75008 Paris, France will be 7 gallons gallons which costs 10 $.


Today I am presenting the IPython notebook at the meeting of the Sage Paris group. This post gathers what I prepared.
and this will open a browser.
ERROR: Line magic function `%matplotlib` not found.
"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
A ipynb file is written in json format. Below, we use json to open the file `range_10.ipynb as a Python dictionnary.
Download the file vaucanson.ipynb from the last meeting of Paris Sage Users. You can view the complete demo including pictures of automaton even if you are not able to install vaucanson on your machine.
For example, create the following Python file. Then, import it in the notebook. It will get translated to ipynb format automatically.
Since release 1.0 of IPython, many conversion from ipynb to other format are possible (html, latex, slides, markdown, rst, python). Unfortunately, the version of IPython in Sage is still 0.13.2 as of today but the version 1.2.1 will be in sage-6.2.


The correction roller for fine work: With extra narrow 2.5-mm tape for the finest corrections.
The correction tape with extra-thin tape corrects also fine details like single letters, numbers or lines. The transparent tip allows for an especially exact application. No drying time - can be written over instantly and cleanly. Due to the "Tombow Coating Technology" even cleaner re-writing is possible. Tear-proof tape (PET) - can be dispensed down to the last millimetre. Extraordinary coverage, no copy or fax shadows. Due to the compact size the MONO note sits comfortably in the hand and fits easily also into full pencil cases and small pockets. Convenient correcting due to lateral dispensing technology. Tip is fully retractable to be protected from dust and dirt. Tape: 2,5 mm x 4 m.


text:
<?php
// Copyright 2004-present Facebook. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

namespace Facebook\WebDriver\Support;

class XPathEscaper
{
    /**
     * Converts xpath strings with both quotes and ticks into:
     *   foo'"bar -> concat('foo', "'" ,'"bar')
     *
     * @param string $xpathToEscape The xpath to be converted.
     * @return string The escaped string.
     */
    public static function escapeQuotes($xpathToEscape)
    {
        // Single quotes not present => we can quote in them
        if (strpos($xpathToEscape, "'") === false) {
            return sprintf("'%s'", $xpathToEscape);
        }

        // Double quotes not present => we can quote in them
        if (strpos($xpathToEscape, '"') === false) {
            return sprintf('"%s"', $xpathToEscape);
        }

        // Both single and double quotes are present
        return sprintf(
            "concat('%s')",
            str_replace("'", "', \"'\" ,'", $xpathToEscape)
        );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Wide range of speeds: 0-180 km/h, VTOL capability.
easily accomplished. Ground control station receives video data as well as telemetry in real time.
CANTAS AP fuselage to increase both the work efficiency and the CANTAS utilization.
Driven by two vectorized electric power units supported by a thrust from the central engine. The vertical take-off and landing does not require RWY as it can be performed in a spatially-limited area.


US President Trump created a DC media firestorm on Thursday, when he reportedly questioned the policy of the United States regarding bring people in from war-torn and very poor Third World nations, with very strong, and profane language.
"Why are we having all these people from s***hole countries come here?" the president reportedly barked during an Oval Office sitdown meeting that was attended by several members of Congress. Two people, unnamed, but claiming familiarity with the matter, reported this to the Washington Post.
The claim alleges that the President was angry because someone in the meeting proposed protections for immigrants to the USA from Haiti, El Salvador and some African countries that are suffering from wars or natural disasters as part of a larger immigration deal. Later in the talk the President reportedly opined that the USA should receive immigrants from places like Norway.
The range of comments in response to the President's own tweet ranged across the spectrum, as could be expected. But interestingly enough the people who expressed their anger at the president often used far fouler language, in fact, far too nasty to be reprinted here.
While the press makes hay about whether or not President Trump swore in a closed-door meeting, the real issue remains the outcome of the DACA deal that the congressional representatives and the President are trying to make. And in this, it appears that the solution has not been reached yet, though another report here, does claim some progress was made. Hopefully the outcome of the deal and corresponding legislation will give needed results to the United States, as the nation tries to reform its current mess of immigration policies. It is likely that this very unique kind of storm is just an attempt to distract one's focus from the goal.


text:
About My Reviews
cublikefoot
Reviews and Stuff
ACTUAL Game Review
Games You May Have Missed
Games, Lists
Games You May Have Missed in SEPTEMBER 2021
Date: October 1, 2021Author: cublikefoot
September is over, but before we enter Spooktober, I gotta give you guys the rundown on eight games you may have missed this past month. A good range of genres, so thanks to the publishers who sent them to me in order to make this list possible and let's go ahead and get started.
Espgaluda 2
Cave, one of the giants of the shoot 'em up genre, is back with another Switch port – this time for the notoriously difficult Espgaluda II. This is one of those shooters where there are so many bullets on-screen that the game itself even lags – a feature accurately replicated from the arcade version on which this port is based. And you'll be thankful for that lag, as it gives you time to weave in and out of these massive explosions of color bullets.
It's a visual feast for sure, but it is also a fun one. As someone that has been playing more and more of these types of games lately, I quite enjoyed how over the top this one goes. You have weapons that literally blast the entire screen, bosses with super intricate attack patterns, graphics that uniquely blend 2D and 3D elements, and a soundtrack that is an absolute bop. And then there's the numerous new game modes, settings, and all the upgrades and such that come along with this new definitive version. It is one of the better shmups I've played recently and an easy recommendation if you like a game with a real sense of challenge behind it.
eShop page. Espgaluda 2 retails for $20 USD and this latest version is available exclusively on Switch.
If you couldn't already tell by this very series I run, I am a bit of a fan of these 2D souls-like games. Tails of Iron is a bit on the simpler side for the genre, but it's a fun, rat-themed take on it. You play as the heir to the Rat Throne, only to have that throne swiped right out from under you and the kingdom overrun by the Frog Clan. Thus begins your journey through this dark and dangerous world full of enemies, secrets, and a whole lotta loot to find.
The combat has its mix of light and heavy attacks, dodging, blocking, parrying – basically all the staples of the genre and it feels good to play, even if it doesn't really do anything new. And yes, it is difficult, if the genre did not already make it obvious. Save points are plentiful, but bosses can easily slap you in a couple hits if you are not careful, so it is worthwhile to really learn proper dodge timing and all that. It's a neat little Souls-like all things considered and worth a look for genre fans – the nice, stylized aesthetic on top of that is a cool bonus too.
Steam page. Tails of Iron retails for $25 USD and is also available on PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X, and Switch. You can get a Steam key cheaper using my Gamesplanet partner link.
ConnecTank
Part puzzle game, part strategy game, ConnecTank is a unique mashup that has you working the inside of a giant tank. The game basically revolves around skirmishes in which you must build conveyers to get ammunition into the tank's cannons. Once you've set up the proper conveyer system, then you move on to the actual crafting of ammunition – and there's quite a bit to build there as each shot has its own matchups against others and each has its own set of stats (like speed, strength, etc.).
Finishing one skirmish allows you to branch out on the map and find others, earning upgrades and running into special events along the way. It's a fairly simple game all things considered, but fun enough to warrant a recommendation – I feel like it's been grossly overlooked with only a handful of reviews on Steam, surprising considered it comes from the same publisher behind Harvest Moon.
Steam page. ConnecTank retails for $30 USD and is also available on PS4, Xbox One, and Switch.
So this is easily one of the most creative approaches to a card battler I have seen. It takes the aspects of that genre we all know and love and slaps it onto a mini chess board, complete with pieces and all. Your pieces move the same as you would expect in chess, but this time as cards and the enemy pieces all have unique traits of their own – like not allowing you to take them when you're in an adjacent space or even leaving behind a trail of poison that deals damage if you end your turn on it.
You get upgrades too – like pawns attacking diagonally after moving forward or bishops that grant you an extra turn on use. All of these layers come together to form quite the unique and fun little roguelike and honestly, the novelty alone is enough of a reason to recommend it – double so if you're a fan of the genre like myself.
Steam page. Pawnbarian retails for $10 USD and is currently exclusive to Steam.
TOEM
So what if you took Pokémon Snap and made it into a puzzle-adventure game? That's pretty much TOEM, a neat little black and white indie game that has you exploring these small, yet dense environments and taking a bunch of photos. Sometimes it's photos of the wildlife, sometimes its of a manmade object, and sometimes it's of something completely unique. You're given a bunch of quests to complete in each area and they have you going all over, solving various puzzles and earning stamps to put in your book – which then grant access to the next area.
It's a very laidback experience and – while not really that challenging – I did enjoy taking my camera around and snapping some neat pictures, sometimes just for the sake of it (the game lets you do selfies and you bet I took advantage of that). If you're into indie puzzlers, it is well worth a play.
Steam page. TOEM retails for $20 USD and is also available on PS5 and Switch.
G-Darius HD
Another month, another HD release of a classic Darius game. This time it's for G-Darius, the 4th arcade entry in the series released all the way back in 1997. Of course, this time it's also presented in HD – with upgraded 3D models and an overall resolution upgrade that really emphasize just how weird this game is. I mean, it's a shoot 'em up where you're flying through space blasting giant robot fish things using this unique "capture" ability – which basically lets you throw out a Poké Ball and snag another ship to use as an upgrade on your own.
It is some absolutely bonkers game design and it meshes well with its equally bonkers soundtrack – at times not really fitting the theme of the game, but being so interesting in its own right that I couldn't help but end up enjoying it. It's a fun shmup if you're a fan of that genre and even includes the original game if you don't want to go the HD route – a nice all around package worth a look.
PlayStation Store page. G-Darius HD retails for $30 USD and is also available on Switch.
Aeon Drive
I won't claim to be the best at these precision platformers, but something just keeps me coming back to them. The rush of their fast-paced gameplay, the absolute satisfaction of being able to blitz a level within mere seconds – Aeon Drive is yet another game that brings out these strengths. It's a game all about speed, with levels being timed in the seconds and every action counting.
You'll need to jump, slide, dash, and dodge all over the level, picking up items to increase your time all while working to get towards the end. A simple design, but an effective one and with some nice pixel graphics to match. Recommended if you're into precision platformers, but be ready for a challenge.
Steam page. Aeon Drive retails for $15 USD and is also available on PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S, and Switch.
Raven's Hike
From the same solo developer that brought us the excellent Red Ronin comes another neat little puzzle game. This time though, it's a platformer in which you lack the ability to jump. Your movement is instead linked to that of a grappling hook, which you can shoot in four directions and even swap direction mid-air. The levels are these small, contained things, but expect to die a lot. There are frequent hazards you have to avoid and patterns you have to learn in order to find that optimal path to the goal.
Of course, there are multiple paths to take – it all depends on how well you can time your grappling hook. It's a bit on the simple side – and should take around 3-4 hours to clear – but an enjoyable puzzle platformer nonetheless and worth a shot if you're up for a challenge.
Steam page. Raven's Hike retails for $5 USD and is currently exclusive to Steam.
And that's the end of my list for this month. I didn't actually end up playing all of the games I wanted to that came out this past month, but hopefully at least one of the ones I did play for this list caught your interest.
Aeon DriveConnecTankDariusEspgaluda 2G-Darius HDGames You May Have MissedGamingHidden GemsListPawnbarianPCPS4Raven's HikeSteamSwitchTails of IronTOEM
Previous Previous post: Hot Wheels Unleashed (ACTUAL Review)
Next Next post: Checking out the Castlevania Advance Collection
ACTUAL Game Review Anime Atelier Cubcraft First Impressions Games You May Have Missed Gaming Hidden Gems Indie JRPG List Megami Tensei Monster Hunter Movies News PC Persona PS5 Quick Review Ranking Review Steam Switch Update Visual Novel
Archive Select Month January 2023 December 2022 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 May 2022 April 2022 March 2022 February 2022 January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 February 2016 October 2015 June 2015 March 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 March 2013
© 2023 cublikefoot


ACLU is active in wisconsin!
A new Wisconsin law, aimed at increasing the transparency of activities surrounding shootings, may actually be slowing the process of releasing police video — according to Chris Ahmaty of the ACLU of Wisconsin. He talks with Jan Miyasaki about their attempts at getting information and video following the shooting of Sylville Smith in Milwaukee.


AW Waste Management of Little Rock partners with pre-screened, local providers to deliver the most affordable rates and highest quality. Our variety of restroom trailers means you can find the perfect size and amenities at the right price. AW Waste Management of Little Rock offers waste management for any project. With over 25 years of experience, we'll meet your needs for portable toilets, dumpsters and event boxes, showers and sinks, and restroom trailers!
AW Waste Management of Little Rock provides quality junk removal services in Little Rock, AR for all your junk removal needs. We specialize in home and office cleanouts of all sizes. Cleaning out your garage or attic and have old furniture, appliances, beds and mattresses or broken lawn equipment that needs to be removed? We can help. Most junk items fall under our simple, flat rate pricing that starts as low as $37.
We offer the best fencing and barricade rental prices in Little Rock, AR. Our fence panels, temporary chain link fencing, and blackout screens are perfect for construction jobs and remodel projects. The barricades with lights and crowd control barricades we offer provide visibility and safety for both special events and job sites. Ordering is quick and secure 24/7. Get your quote today!
AW Waste Management of Little Rock provides comprehensive equipment rental solutions for all of your immediate disaster, water damage and fire restoration needs. Our powerful HEPA Air Scrubbers are designed for maximum air filtration to quickly and effectively remove contaminants such as smoke and smoke odors, drywall dust, dirt, asbestos fibers, metal fumes, paint and varnish odors, as well as bacteria and gases.
Copyright © 2018 Little Rock Portable Toilet Rentals. All Rights Reserved.


If there are any comments or questions about the new sail specifications then please feel free to ask them by responding to this post. Richard (class captain), Robin (Vice-captain) or myself (Measurer) and more than happy to answer any questions about the new rule and doing so on the association forum will hopefully make our responses available to all.
Please remember that we all have day-jobs so the response may not be immediate.
First of all a point of clarification - The new sail specification is "legal" now, it is possible to race under the existing sail plan or the new sail plan but not mix the two.
Could you please clarify for me a few points in the new sail plan description? Are we saying that the plan only includes the new No 1 and a No 4 (heavy weather jib). The plan says under the No 2 and No 3 headings 'Not Required'. Does this mean 'Not Allowed' or can we still carry them? Although only a No 4 spec is given, the following notes refer to a No 3.
First of all, well done on the Fastnet race, I was following the trackers of the three CO32s taking part.
With regard to the new rules the only sails that must be carried are No 1 and No 4 (heavy weather jib), the other sails are optional.
If boats have a No3 they can be used or you can roll up the furling genoa as required for the conditions. Likewise you could carry a No 2 but there would be little point as it would be the same size as a the new No1.
<?: prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />I hope this answers your question.
Even though you say that carrying a No 2 would be pointless, the size and materiell should probably be defined too under this sail plan.
By the way, I take no responsibility for the Fastnet result. It was purely my nephew, Mark, and his French pseudo brother-in-law who were to blame but they did do pretty well. I stick to my principle of racing Cat 5 races only (that is never go more than 3 hours from the Pier View).


text:
Estimado {{htmlescape var=$billing.getName()}},

                        __('Your order # {{var order.increment_id}} has been')__

                        {{var order.getStatusLabel()}}.

{{var comment}}

                        Si tiene alguna pregunta, por favor no dude en contactarnos en
                        {{config path='trans_email/ident_support/email'}}
                        o por teléfono en el {{config path='general/store_information/phone'}}.

Gracias de nuevo, {{var store.getFrontendName()}}


text:
Functional MedicineGastro Intestinal HealthGut Health
Functional Endocrinology: Stomach Digestive Disorders
By Dr. Alex Jimenez	64
Do you feel:
Excessive belching, burping or bloating
A sense of fullness during and after meals
Gas immediately after a meal
Offensive breath
Difficulty digesting proteins and meats
If you are experiencing any of these situations, then you might be experiencing some stomach digestive disorders.
The human stomach's core function is to aid food to digest when an individual eats. The four critical components of the gastric digestive function are:
A reservoir capacity
Acid secretion
Enzyme secretion
Gastrointestinal motility
These four components help the stomach function properly in the digestive system and help the body absorb essential nutrients and are responsible for getting rid of waste out of the body. Any disorders like GERD, gallstones, and Crohn's disease are a few of the many illnesses that can affect not only the stomach but the entire digestive system. It can cause a person to feel discomfort and can be long term if the individual has not treated it.
GERD or gastroesophageal reflux disease when the contents from the stomach move up into the esophagus, causing acid reflux. Researchers at the NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) stated that about 20% of individuals are affected by GERD, if it is left untreated, it can sometimes cause serious complications.
One of the main symptoms that GERD causes is heartburn. Heartburn is a discomfort feeling that is felt from behind the breastbone as a burning sensation. It tends to get worse on a person if they lay down, bend over, after eating food. Not all individuals with GERD experiences heartburn, there are other possible symptoms such as:
Chest pains
The sensation of a lump in the throat
Sour taste in the mouth
Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluids that can form in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that's located on the right side of the abdomen, just beneath the liver. It also holds bile fluid that releases into the small intestines. Gallstones can range in sizes from as small as sand to as large as a golf ball. According to Harvard Health Publications, about 80% of gallstones are made of cholesterol, while the other 20% is made up of calcium salts and bilirubin.
Gallstones can lead to pain in the upper right abdomen. An individual may start to feel gallbladder pains when they eat foods that are high in fat, especially fried foods. Furthermore, if the pain continues, it may lead to an inflamed gallbladder or cholecystitis. They may also experience symptoms like:
Pain on the right-hand side of the body, just below the ribs
Back pain between the shoulder blades
Pain in the right shoulder
Clay-colored stool
Researchers stated that some people develop the chemical imbalance in their gallbladders causes gallstones while others do not. Gallstones are more common among people with obesity, and studies revealed that women can develop gallstones and may require surgery to remove them.
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease. It causes inflammation in the body's digestive tract and can cause several chronic illnesses. Inflammation caused by Crohn's disease can be in different areas of the digestive tract in different people. The inflammation often spreads deep into the layers of the affected bowel tissue, causing pain, and sometimes lead to life-threating complications.
The Science Behind Nopal
Crohn's disease symptoms can vary depending on which part of the gut is affected in the body. Specific symptoms can often develop gradually and become worse over time, and it is rare for the symptoms of Crohn's disease to develop suddenly and dramatically. The symptoms of Crohn's disease include:
Ulcers in the gut
Rectal bleeding and anal fissures
The exact causes of Crohn's disease are still unclear, but researchers theorized that it stems from an abnormal reaction in the immune system. The theory stated that the immune system attacks food, good bacteria, and beneficial substances as if they are unwanted substances. During the attack, the body's white cells start building up in the lining of the gut and triggers inflammation. It is still unclear whether the abnormal immune system causes Crohn's disease, but there are environmental factors that can increase the risk of inflammation.
The stomach's primary function is to digest the food that a person consumes. Four components help aid the stomach to function correctly. When the stomach is dealing with chronic illnesses like Crohn's disease, gallstones, and GERD, it can lead to inflammation on the intestinal barriers. When it is left untreated, it can lead to life long complicated problems in the body. Some products can help aid the stomach digestion as they help support the gastrointestinal system as well.
October is Chiropractic Health Month. To learn more about it, check out Governor Abbott's bill on our website to get full details on this historic moment.
The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic, musculoskeletal and nervous health issues as well as functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions. We use functional health protocols to treat injuries or chronic disorders of the musculoskeletal system. To further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900 .
AAAS, EurekAlert. "A Bulging Midriff Roughly Doubles Women's Chances of Gallstone Surgery." EurekAlert!, 13 Feb. 2006, http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-02/bsj-abm021006.php.
Brazier, Yvette. "Cholecystitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment." Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 22 Jan. 2018, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/172067.php.
Brazier, Yvette. "Crohn's Disease: Symptoms, Diet, Treatment, and Causes." Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 11 Jan. 2019, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151620.php.
Editorial Team, Healthline, and Heather Cruickshank. "Everything You Need to Know About Acid Reflux and GERD." Healthline, 7 Dec. 2018, http://www.healthline.com/health/gerd.
Holland, Kimberly. "Understanding Crohn's Disease." Healthline, 2 May, 2019, http://www.healthline.com/health/crohns-disease.
MacGill, Markus. "GERD: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment." Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 18 Jan. 2018, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/14085.php.
Macon, Brindles Lee, et al. "Understanding Gallstones: Types, Pain, and More." Healthline, 1 June, 2017, http://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones.
O'Connor, Anthony, and Colm O'Moráin. "Digestive Function of the Stomach." Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2014, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24732181.
Publishing, Harvard Health. "What to Do about Gallstones." Harvard Health, 2011, http://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/what-to-do-about-gallstones.
Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Crohn's Disease." Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 13 Sept. 2019, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353304.
Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Gallstones." Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 8 Aug. 2019, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gallstones/symptoms-causes/syc-20354214.
Unknown, Unknown. "Definition & Facts for GER & GERD." National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1 Nov. 2014, http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/definition-facts.
Functional Medicinegut healthstomach digestive
LLT Laser Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy El Paso, TX.
Arachnoiditis Constant Pain In The Low Back El Paso, TX.
The Impact of Cinnamon
What is Thyroid Dysfunction? | El Paso, Tx (2021)
Immunology of Breast Milk.
Holiday Weight Gain, Back Pain, and Chiropractic Recommendations


Harmar Access has just recently started shipping their newest line of Vertical Platform Lifts, the Highlander series. The Highlander Vertical Platform Lift (VPL) comes in two model lines: Residential and Commercial.
The Residential VPL comes in a 53" height, is weight rated for up to 600 lbs. and is a economical solution to barrier porches and other elevation changes created in and around the home. The Commercial VPL is manufactured in a variety of heights up to 171" (over 14 feet!) and is weight rated for applications up to 750 lbs. The Commercial VPL is a code-compliant access solution.
Both lifts are high-quality, durable access solutions for both indoor and outdoor applications and operate virtually maintenance-free.
This short video showcases a recent CPL800 Vertical Platform Lift in action, installed by Lift&Go Mobility in San Antonio, Texas. You can see where the old stairs were once located. The stairs were impossible to navigate and the customer could not leave their home without a number family members to help them—who weren't always available. Now, the customer is able to leave home to visit the doctor, make other appointments, visit friends and family, and enjoy a much better quality of life.