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Rehman, S., J. Burchill, A. Eriksson, R. Marchand, Earth magnetic field effects on Swarm electric field instrument, Plan. Space Sci., 73, 1, DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2012.10.004, 2012.
Roussos, E., P. Kollmann, N. Krupp, C. Paranicas, S.M. Krimigis, D.G. Mitchell, A.M. Persoon, D.A. Gurnett, W. S. Kurth, H. Kriegel, S. Simon, K.K. Khurana, G. H. Jones, J.-E. Wahlund, M.K.G. Holmberg, Energetic electron observations of Rhea's magnetospheric interaction, Icarus, 22, 1, DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.0062012, 2012.
Sandahl I., U. Brändström, T. Sergienko, T Leyser. Networks of people and infrastructure for ground-based auroral research, Sección Especial: 37th AMASON, Opt. Pura Apl., 44, 2011.
Sergienko, T., B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, K. Axelsson, Modelling of optical emissions enhanced by the HF pumping of the ionospheric F-region, Ann. Geophys., 30, 5, DOI: 10.5194/angeo-30-885-2012, 2012.
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Slapak, R., H. Nilsson, L.-G. Westerberg, A. Eriksson, Observations of oxygen ions in the dayside magnetosheath associated with southward IMF, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 7, A07218, DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017754, 2012.
Smirnova, M., E. Belova, S. Kirkwood, Aspect sensitivity of polar mesosphere summer echoes based on ESRAD MST radar measurements in Kiruna, Sweden in 1997-2010, Ann. Geophys., 30, 3, DOI: 10.5194/angeo-30-457-2012, 2012.
Soobiah, Y., S. Barabash, H. Nilsson, G. Stenberg, R. Lundin, A. J. Coates, D. Winningham, R. Frahm, Energy distribution asymmetry of electron precipitation signatures at Mars, Plan. Space Sci., 10.1016/j.pss.2012.10.014, 2012.
Tamburini, F., E. Mari, A. Sponselli, B. Thidé, A. Bianchini, F. Romanato, Encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity: First experimental test, New J. Phys. 14, 033001, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/033001, 2012.
Tao, J.B., R.E. Ergun, D. L. Newman, J. S. Halekas, L. Andersson, V. Angelopoulos, J. W. Bonnell, J. P. McFadden, C. M. Cully, H.-U. Auster, K.-H. Glassmeier, D. E. Larson, W. Baumjohann, M. V. Goldman, Kinetic instabilities in the lunar wake: ARTEMIS observations, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 3, A03106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JA017364, 2012.
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Vaivads, A., G. Andersson, S.D. Bale, C.M. Cully, J. de Keyser, M. Fujimoto, S. Grahn, S. Haaland, H. Ji, Y. V. Khotyaintsev, A. Lazarian, B. Lavraud, I. R. Mann, R. Nakamura, T.K.M. Nakamura, Y. Narita, A. Retinò, F. Sahraoui, A. Schekochihin, S.J. Schwartz, I. Shinohara, L. Sorriso-Valvo, EIDOSCOPE: Particle acceleration at plasma boundaries. Exp. Astron., 33, 2-3, DOI: 10.1007/s10686-011-9233-6, 2012.
Vorburger, A., P. Wurz, S. Barabash, M. Wieser, Y. Futaana, M. Holmström, A. Bhardwaj, K. Asamura, Energetic Neutral Atom Observations of Magnetic Anomalies on the Lunar Surface, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 7, A07208, DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017553, 2012.
Waara, M., H. Nilsson, R. Slapak, M. André, G. Stenberg, Oxygen ion energization by waves in the high altitude cusp and mantle, Ann. Geophys., 30, 9, DOI: 10.5194/angeo-30-1309-2012, 2012.
Wang, R., R. Nakamura, Q. Lu, A. Du, T.L. Zhang, W. Baumjohann, Y. V. Khotyaintsev, M. Volwerk, M. André, M. Fujimoto, T. Nakamura, A.N. Fazakerley, J. Du, W.-L. The, E.V. Panov, B. Zieger, Y. Pan, S. Lu, Asymmetry in the current sheet and secondary magnetic flux ropes during guide field magnetic reconnection, J. Geophys. R es., 117, 7, A07223, DOI: 10.1029/2011JA017384, 2012.
Wang, Z., B. Wu, T. Sergienko, A non-linearity correction method for calibration of optical sensor at low level light, Communications in Computer and Information Science, 323 CCIS, 1, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-34384-1_16, 2012.
Wei, Y., M. Fraenz, E. Dubinin, A.J. Coates, T.L. Zhang, W. Wan, L. Feng, A. Angsmann, A. Opitz, J. Woch, S. Barabash, R. Lundin, A teardrop-shaped ionosphere at Venus in tenuous solar wind, Plan. Space Sci., 73, DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2012.08.024, 2012.
Wei, Y., M. Fraenz, E. Dubinin, J. Woch, H. Luehr, W. Wan, Q.-G. Zong, T.L. Zhang, Z.Y. Pu, S.Y. Fu, S. Barabash, R. Lundin, I. Dandouras, Enhanced atmospheric oxygen outflow on Earth and Mars driven by a corotating interaction region, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 3, A03208, DOI: 10.1029/2011JA017340, 2012.
Westlake, J.H., C.P. Paranicas, T.E. Cravens, J.G. Luhmann, K.E. Mandt, H.T. Smith, D.G. Mitchell, A.M. Rymer, M.E. Perry, J.H. Waite, J.-E. Wahlund, The observed composition of ions outflowing from Titan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 19, L19104, DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053079, 2012.
Westlake, J. H., J. H. Waite Jr., K. E. Mandt, N. Carrasco, J. M. Bell, B. A. Magee, J.-E. Wahlund, Titan's ionospheric composition and structure: Photochemical modeling of Cassini INMS data, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 1, E01003, DOI: 10.1029/2011JE003883, 2012.
Yamauchi, M., Secondary wind transport of radioactive materials after the Fukushima accident, Earth Plan. Space, 64, 1, DOI:10.5047/eps.2012.01.002, 2012.
Yamauchi, M., I. Dandouras, H. Reme, F. El-Lemdani Mazouz, Equatorially confined warm trapped ions at around 100 eV near the plasmapause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 15, L15101, DOI: 10.1029/2012GL052366, 2012.
Yamauchi, M., M. Takeda, M. Makino, T. Owada, I. Miyagi, Settlement process of radioactive dust to the ground inferred from the atmospheric electric field measurement, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1, DOI: 10.5194/angeo-30-49-2012, 2012.
Yamauchi, M., Y. Futaana, A. Fedorov, R.A. Frahm, E. Dubinin, R. Lundin, J.-A. Sauvaud, J.D. Winningham, S. Barabash, M. Holmström, Ion Acceleration by Multiple Reflections at Martian Bow Shock, Earth Plan. Space, 64, 2, DOI: 10.5047/eps.2011.07.007, 2012.
Zhang, T.L., Q.M. Lu, W. Baumjohann, C.T. Russell, A. Fedorov, S. Barabash, A.J. Coates, A.M. Du, J.B. Cao, R. Nakamura, W.L. Teh, R.S. Wang, X.K. Dou, S. Wang, K.H. Glassmeier, H.U. Auster, M. Balikhin, Magnetic reconnection in the near Venusian magnetotail, Science, 336, 6081, DOI: 10.1126/science.1217013, 2012.
Ågren, K., N.J.T. Edberg, J.-E. Wahlund, Detection of negative ions in the deep ionosphere of Titan during the Cassini T70 flyby, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 10, L10201, DOI: 10.1029/2012GL051714, 2012.
Ågren, K., On the Formation and Structure of the Ionosphere of Titan, Doctoral thesis, Uppsala university, Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, ISBN 978-91-554-8344-9, 2012.
Adams, E., K. Hibbard, E. Turtle, E. Reynolds, B. Anderson, C. Paranicas, G. Rogers, J. McAdams, D. Roth, P. Christensen, A. McEwen, M. Wieser, N. Thomas, P. Wurz, J. Janesick, Io Volcano Observer's (IVO) integrated approach to optimizing system design for radiation challenges, IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 6187177, DOI : 10.1109/AERO.2012.6187177, 2012.
Enell C.-F., B. Gustavsson, B. U. E. Brändström, T. I. Sergienko, P. T. Verronen, P. Rydesäter, I. Sandahl, Tomography-like retrieval of auroral volume emission ratios for the 31 January 2008. Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., 2, 2012.
Enell C.-E., N. Partamies, S. Mäkinen, J. Mattanen, L. Sangalli, M. Veijonsuo, B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, T. Aslaksen, EMCCD cameras for auroral imaging. Optics Days 2011, Oulu, Finland, May 2011.
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Nominated for the Costa Children's Book Award
'The Noughts & Crosses series are still my favourite books of all time and showed me just how amazing story-telling could be' STORMZY
'Malorie's Noughts & Crosses series is the first time I saw myself in a book . . . they were pacey, exciting, rich. What Malorie Blackman has always done so brilliantly is put the minority front and centre, both in society and politics.' CANDICE CARTY-WILLIAMS
'The most original book I've ever read' BENJAMIN ZEPHANIAH
'Malorie Blackman is absolutely amazing ... [Noughts & Crosses] really spoke to me, especially as a woman of dual heritage.' ZAWE ASHTON
'Crossfire is searing, political and furious. Malorie's world building is sublime and the way the Noughts & Crosses series holds a mirror up to society is unrivalled' JUNO DAWSON
Years have passed since the love between Sephy - a Cross - and Callum - a Nought - destroyed their world and changed their families and society forever.
Society appears to be very different now. For the first time ever, a Nought Prime Minister - Tobey Durbridge - is in power. Race and class don't divide people anymore. But things are never really that easy.
Because Tobey's just been framed for murder, and the only way to free himself is to turn to his oldest friend - Callie-Rose.
Their families divisions run deep, and when two young people are kidnapped, their lives and everything they've fought for are put in the firing line.
And when you're playing a game as dangerous as this one, it won't be long before someone gets caught in the crossfire...
Crossfire is the long-awaited new novel in legendary author Malorie Blackman's ground-breaking Noughts & Crosses series.
'Rich in moral and social issues, it is devastating about racial attitudes' THE SUNDAY TIMES, CHILDREN'S BOOK OF THE WEEK
'It chillingly echoes the tempestuous taste of the world today while offering the intensity of a thriller' I NEWSPAPER
The cliffhanger ending will leave fans desperately awaiting the next instalment
Mail on Sunday - 'Must-Read Books of the Year'
Crossfire is searing, political and furious.
This tense tale is . . . rich in moral and social issues
Sunday Times Ireland
Ingeniously flips the race issue . . . with myriad tiny details that constantly illuminate the grinding effect of blind prejudice
It chillingly echoes the tempestuous taste of the world today while offering the intensity of a thriller
i newspaper
The fast-paced drama will resonate with internet-era teens - and there's more to come
Blackman is great at explosive love-hate relationships . . . [and] also has a talent for producing relatable characters, gutsy dialogue and page-turning action. Crossfire is a cracking story that fans of the series will love.
[Malorie Blackman] is a supremely suspenseful writer . . . [a] nail-biting drama
Rich in moral and social issues, it is devastating about racial attitudes
The Sunday Times, Children's Book of the Week
If you are a fan of YA novels, and grew up reading Malorie Blackman, her new book Crossfire is sure to incite some nostalgia
Bustle.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today, I argued that Obama was on the verge of another meep meep in foreign policy with Syria and Iran; that Rand Paul's criticism of Reagan's spending and deficits is a vital part of resuscitating conservatism; and that the Onion should have the last word on the circumcision debate. Plus: climate change's threat to global security; and the power of psilocybin in tackling anxiety.
Some brief links on the Becker book. Ronan Farrow had a terrific interview with Becker today – tough but fair. Check it out. Lisa Keen has a superb takedown, as does Kevin Jennings. Petrelis piles on to HRC's spin. I think it's safe to say that there have been episodes of the 700 Club that have gotten a better reception in the gay community.
You can leave your unfiltered comments at our Facebook page and @sullydish.
35 more of you became subscribers today. Join them here.
And see you in the morning.


Instruction that is integrated combines teaching in two or more subject areas. The purpose of integrated instruction is to help students gain a deep understanding of an important concept that is common to all the subjects involved. Student work is geared to specific goals and assessments in those subject areas. By combining knowledge and thinking in different disciplines, students learn to apply knowledge learned in one area to challenges in another area—a skill that will serve them well—both in school and in real life. Arts integration means that the arts (dance, music, theatre and visual art) constitute one or more of the integrated subject areas. Arts integration is not a substitute for teaching the arts as separate subjects. Rather it complements traditional arts instruction and helps to affirm the relevance of the arts in the school curriculum.
Properly conceived, the arts constitute a great integrating force in the school curriculum. To achieve such an end they must be viewed as a component of every discipline, for their subject matter is as broad as life itself.


When Cohen is sick he becomes cranky, whiney and quite snuggly. He even decides to take his naps earlier and sometimes on daddy. Believe me when I say, I hate it when he is not feeling well, but having moments like these happen make it a little bit better. I think this image is especially sweet to me because when I was younger I would always cuddle close with my dad and fall asleep in his arms. The bond between father and child is such a beautiful thing.


text:
package com.totvs.lista;

public class AddElementTask implements Runnable {

	private MyList list;
//	private List<String> list;
	private int threadNumber;

	public AddElementTask(MyList list, int threadNumber) {
		this.list = list;
		this.threadNumber = threadNumber;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
			list.add("Thread " + threadNumber + " - " + i);
		}
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The '017 Doomy Awards presented by 3am Revelations
December 31, 2017 by Kirk Hamilton in Awards
Look. No one cares about lists anymore. Best of, top, coolest... meh. At most, you glance at it with a vague sense of disagreement before complaining online, then completely forgetting about it.
And that's where The 3am Awards come in. In lieu of a list, I give you the moment you didn't even realise you've been waiting for:
Awarded for Outstanding Musical Musicianship in the Field of Music
The awards take a look at this year in music and honours the deserving songs, albums, and artists in the form of randomly named award categories, as chosen by me (Kirk). And even though the awards may be a little glib -- to say the least -- these are legitimately some of my favourites of the year.
Without further ado, and in no particular order, click through for the results!
December 31, 2017 /Kirk Hamilton
said the whale, sarah jickling and her good bad luck, blimp rock, nice horse, the dears, adaline, stars, the belle game, lydia ainsworth, whitehorse, bend sinister, poppy, the wet secrets, the matinee, feist, broken social scene, louise burns, sarah jane scouten
New Music...In Video Form - February 10, 2017
February 10, 2017 by Christine McAvoy in Music Video, New Release
So many new videos have been released recently, and since most of the songs have already made it into our Song Of The Day column I figured I'd put them here for you to check out all at once!
Below you will find music videos, live performance videos, new singles, and music from across Canada (including many from here in Vancouver) and abroad. Check them out and let us know which one is your favourite!
Bad Pop - "Bad Pop"
Wintersleep - "Spirit"
Lydia Ainsworth - "Afterglow"
February 10, 2017 /Christine McAvoy
lydia ainsworth, afterglow, music videos, music video, canadian music video, bad pop
Music Video, New Release
New Music...In Video Form - January 13, 2017
January 13, 2017 by Christine McAvoy in Music Video
Jean-Michel Blais - "il"
Lydia Ainsworth - "The Road"
January 13, 2017 /Christine McAvoy
jean-michel blais, lydia ainsworth, music video, canadian music video


This is by far the quickest way for you to have 2600 come hurtling to your door. Please be sure to indicate the correct type of subscription and which issue you want it to begin with. Then the wheels will be in motion.


text:
Mobile Roundup #9 - November 2018
This winter, whether you're curled up on the sofa or on the freezing night bus home, be sure to warm your hands around these hot mobile releases!
Reigns: Game of Thrones (iOS, Android, PC)
Who asked you, RYLON?
As we found in the original Reigns and its direct sequel Reigns: Her Majesty, life at the top is not a bowl of cherries, and that goes double for Westeros. Commencing with the coronation of Queen Daenerys Stormborn, like the previous titles you must be her counsel and guide her reign for as many moons as possible, keeping the crown's coffers, the will of the people, the needs of the faithful and the challenges of power in careful balance. Exceed or deplete any one of these and the Mother of Dragons' time on the Iron Throne will come to a swift end, replaced by one of the other main characters. The core gameplay remains identical, swiping left or right for each decision presented to you by your loyal (or sometimes traitorous) courtiers, but this time it's made all the more fun by the presence of our favourite Westerosi lords and ladies, Ramin Djawadi's unforgettable soundtrack, and other elements from the show. Get through a few beloved and benevolent rulers before the show returns for its unmissable final season next spring!
Transformers: Earth Wars	(iOS, Android)
Base in your face.
The Transformers franchise has been through a few gaming iterations, including on mobile, but seems to perform best when recreating the halcyon days of Generation One. Robots are modelled in their bright and colourful original G1 style; the grey dingy realism of the films is nowhere to be found here. Gameplay consists of choosing your favourite Autobots and setting them loose on the battlefield to take down a base. There is an RTS feel to the proceedings, but you cannot issue direct commands, only a few special attacks which take time to charge. Placement and timing are key to victory; some bots have ranged weapons which can be invaluable at the right time. Meanwhile, back at your own base, you can get busy upgrading and augmenting to be tough enough to repel attackers of your own. With enough accrued currency it's possible to bring across ever more fave characters through the space bridge to fight for you.
Great care has been taken in keeping the soundtrack and the overall feel true to the '80s cartoon. As ever with these kinds of games the microtransactions are pushed hard, but if you can ignore the requests to open your wallet, there's a modicum of nostalgic fun to be had.
Warbits(iOS, Android)
It's been a helluva week.
For certain fans of the turned-based strategy genre, I could just say that Warbits is the closest analogue you're going to get to Advance Wars in the app store, and leave it at that. For the rest of you, let me explain further. Warbits takes the heady, intense business of battle and filters it through a cartoonish lens, with two armies on a tiled map taking turns having a pop at each other until one side has either been eliminated or had their base captured. Each faction has a variety of land, sea and air units, with differing strengths and weaknesses against other units. Terrain is also important, with units able to take strategic high ground, or seek refuge in cities. The first few missions grant the player with a set number of units, but later ones provide factories to pump out as many as needed to seal the victory. It's an excellent formula, one which has been more or less perfected by Intelligent Systems' long-running Wars series, but this is a worthy imitation for those of us lacking their signature handheld devices.
Valleys Between	(iOS)
Breathe in... breathe out.
A calm and relaxing puzzler which encourages thoughtful contemplation over rapid reactions, Valleys Between places you as the custodian of a small, peaceful plot of land, divided into hexagonal segments. Raising a barren segment will fill it with the water of life and cause all adjacent segments to flourish, raising a fertile segment brings forth a tree, and adjacent trees can be linked to form a mighty forest, which in turn creates new land to begin the process anew. Dangers include fires, which can be extinguished by an adjacent water tile, and obelisks, which can be deactivated by friendly animals which wander the fertile tiles and waterways. Sounds complex, but it is in reality instantly intuitive. Scoring highly causes different animals and quests to be unlocked and the seasons to cycle through, all backed with a soporific kalimba soundtrack. Taxing in the most pleasant of ways.
Steve McCullough
Gaming has come such a long way since I first started playing, and I can't wait to see where it goes next! Especially interested in mobile and indie games, and also a huge board game fan. Will talk about all of the above for beer money.


Lawyer, MLA (1883-1886), Mayor of Winnipeg (1885), MLA (1886-1888).
Born at Rochester, England in 1844, he came to Winnipeg from St. Catharines, Ontario in 1881 to practise law with J. A. M. Aikins and William H. Culver. He ran for Mayor on the citizen's ticket in 1884 and won. In a February 1885 by-election, he was elected Conservative MLA from South Winnipeg, then from Shoal Lake in 1886. From 1885 to 1888 he was Attorney-General of Manitoba, his chief accomplishment being the introduction of the Torrens title bill which reformed the Manitoba land registry. On 10 January 1884, he married Alexa Ashworth (?-?), third daughter of John Ashworth of Ottawa. He left for St. Paul, Minnesota in 1888. In 1897, Hamilton was Vice-President of the Pacific and Oriental Investment Company at St. Paul  and, by 1913, was British Vice-Consul there.  He died in his St. Paul home on 25 May 1919, survived by a widow, one son, and three daughters. He is commemorated by Hamilton Avenue in Winnipeg.
1. Daily Nor'Wester, 15 February 1897, page 4.
2. "Former Mayor sees big change", Manitoba Free Press, 7 October 1913, page 4.
"Former Winnipeg Mayor, 73 years old, dies in U.S.," Winnipeg Tribune, 26 May 1919, page 1.


text:
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
Describe the effects of a magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor.
Calculate the magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor.
Because charges ordinarily cannot escape a conductor, the magnetic force on charges moving in a conductor is transmitted to the conductor itself.
Figure 1. The magnetic field exerts a force on a current-carrying wire in a direction given by the right hand rule 1 (the same direction as that on the individual moving charges). This force can easily be large enough to move the wire, since typical currents consist of very large numbers of moving charges.
We can derive an expression for the magnetic force on a current by taking a sum of the magnetic forces on individual charges. (The forces add because they are in the same direction.) The force on an individual charge moving at the drift velocity vd is given by F = qvdB sin θ. Taking B to be uniform over a length of wire l and zero elsewhere, the total magnetic force on the wire is then F = (qvdB sin θ)(N), where N is the number of charge carriers in the section of wire of length l. Now, N = nV, where n is the number of charge carriers per unit volume and V is the volume of wire in the field. Noting that V = Al, where A is the cross-sectional area of the wire, then the force on the wire is F = (qvdB sin θ) (nAl). Gathering terms,
[latex]F=(nqAv_{\text{d}})lB\sin\theta\\[/latex].
Because nqAvd = I (see Current),
[latex]F=IlB\sin\theta\\[/latex]
is the equation for magnetic force on a length l of wire carrying a current I in a uniform magnetic field B, as shown in Figure 2. If we divide both sides of this expression by l, we find that the magnetic force per unit length of wire in a uniform field is [latex]\frac{F}{l}=IB\sin\theta\\[/latex]. The direction of this force is given by RHR-1, with the thumb in the direction of the current I. Then, with the fingers in the direction of B, a perpendicular to the palm points in the direction of F, as in Figure 2.
Figure 2. The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is F = IlB sin θ. Its direction is given by RHR-1.
Example 1. Calculating Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire: A Strong Magnetic Field
Calculate the force on the wire shown in Figure 1, given B = 1.50 T, l = 5.00 cm, and I = 20.0 A.
The force can be found with the given information by using [latex]F=IlB\sin\theta\\[/latex] and noting that the angle θ between I and B is 90º, so that sin θ = 1.
Entering the given values into F = IlB sin θ yields
F = IlB sin θ = (20.0 A)(0.0500 m)(1.50 T)(1).
The units for tesla are [latex]1\text{ T}=\frac{\text{N}}{\text{A}\cdot\text{m}}\\[/latex]; thus,
F = 1.50 N.
This large magnetic field creates a significant force on a small length of wire.
Magnetic force on current-carrying conductors is used to convert electric energy to work. (Motors are a prime example—they employ loops of wire and are considered in the next section.) Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the technical name given to a clever application where magnetic force pumps fluids without moving mechanical parts. (See Figure 3.)
Figure 3. Magnetohydrodynamics. The magnetic force on the current passed through this fluid can be used as a nonmechanical pump.
A strong magnetic field is applied across a tube and a current is passed through the fluid at right angles to the field, resulting in a force on the fluid parallel to the tube axis as shown. The absence of moving parts makes this attractive for moving a hot, chemically active substance, such as the liquid sodium employed in some nuclear reactors. Experimental artificial hearts are testing with this technique for pumping blood, perhaps circumventing the adverse effects of mechanical pumps. (Cell membranes, however, are affected by the large fields needed in MHD, delaying its practical application in humans.) MHD propulsion for nuclear submarines has been proposed, because it could be considerably quieter than conventional propeller drives. The deterrent value of nuclear submarines is based on their ability to hide and survive a first or second nuclear strike. As we slowly disassemble our nuclear weapons arsenals, the submarine branch will be the last to be decommissioned because of this ability (See Figure 4.) Existing MHD drives are heavy and inefficient—much development work is needed.
Figure 4. An MHD propulsion system in a nuclear submarine could produce significantly less turbulence than propellers and allow it to run more silently. The development of a silent drive submarine was dramatized in the book and the film The Hunt for Red October.
Section Summary
The magnetic force on current-carrying conductors is given by
where I is the current, l is the length of a straight conductor in a uniform magnetic field B, and θ is the angle between I and B. The force follows RHR-1 with the thumb in the direction of I.
Conceptual Questions
Draw a sketch of the situation in Figure 1 showing the direction of electrons carrying the current, and use RHR-1 to verify the direction of the force on the wire.
Verify that the direction of the force in an MHD drive, such as that in Figure 3, does not depend on the sign of the charges carrying the current across the fluid.
Why would a magnetohydrodynamic drive work better in ocean water than in fresh water? Also, why would superconducting magnets be desirable?
Which is more likely to interfere with compass readings, AC current in your refrigerator or DC current when you start your car? Explain.
Problems & Exercises
1. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the current in each of the six cases in Figure 5?
2. What is the direction of a current that experiences the magnetic force shown in each of the three cases in Figure 6, assuming the current runs perpendicular to B?
3. What is the direction of the magnetic field that produces the magnetic force shown on the currents in each of the three cases in Figure 7, assuming B is perpendicular to I?
4. (a) What is the force per meter on a lightning bolt at the equator that carries 20,000 A perpendicular to the Earth's 3.00 × 10−5-T field? (b) What is the direction of the force if the current is straight up and the Earth's field direction is due north, parallel to the ground?
5. (a) A DC power line for a light-rail system carries 1000 A at an angle of 30º to the Earth's 5.00 × 10−5-T field. What is the force on a 100-m section of this line? (b) Discuss practical concerns this presents, if any.
6. What force is exerted on the water in an MHD drive utilizing a 25.0-cm-diameter tube, if 100-A current is passed across the tube that is perpendicular to a 2.00-T magnetic field? (The relatively small size of this force indicates the need for very large currents and magnetic fields to make practical MHD drives.)
7. A wire carrying a 30.0-A current passes between the poles of a strong magnet that is perpendicular to its field and experiences a 2.16-N force on the 4.00 cm of wire in the field. What is the average field strength?
8. (a) A 0.750-m-long section of cable carrying current to a car starter motor makes an angle of 60º with the Earth's 5.50 × 10−5 T field. What is the current when the wire experiences a force of 7.00 × 10−3 N? (b) If you run the wire between the poles of a strong horseshoe magnet, subjecting 5.00 cm of it to a 1.75-T field, what force is exerted on this segment of wire?
9. (a) What is the angle between a wire carrying an 8.00-A current and the 1.20-T field it is in if 50.0 cm of the wire experiences a magnetic force of 2.40 N? (b) What is the force on the wire if it is rotated to make an angle of 90º with the field?
10. The force on the rectangular loop of wire in the magnetic field in Figure 8 can be used to measure field strength. The field is uniform, and the plane of the loop is perpendicular to the field. (a) What is the direction of the magnetic force on the loop? Justify the claim that the forces on the sides of the loop are equal and opposite, independent of how much of the loop is in the field and do not affect the net force on the loop. (b) If a current of 5.00 A is used, what is the force per tesla on the 20.0-cm-wide loop?
Figure 8. A rectangular loop of wire carrying a current is perpendicular to a magnetic field. The field is uniform in the region shown and is zero outside that region.
Selected Solutions to Problems & Exercises
1. (a) west (left)
(b) into page
(c) north (up)
(d) no force
(e) east (right)
(f) south (down)
3. (a) into page
(b) west (left)
(c) out of page
5. (a) 2.50 N (b) This is about half a pound of force per 100 m of wire, which is much less than the weight of the wire itself. Therefore, it does not cause any special concerns.
7. 1.80 T
9. (a) 30º (b) 4.80 N
College Physics. Authored by: OpenStax College. Located at: http://cnx.org/contents/031da8d3-b525-429c-80cf-6c8ed997733a/College_Physics. License: CC BY: Attribution. License Terms: Located at License


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With U2 likely falling off more than 60% from last week's chart-topping total of 839k for How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (Interscope), the Jay-Z/Linkin Park collab seems set on a Collision Course for the #1 spot on tomorrow's chart.
CHART PREVIEW: JAY-Z/LINKIN PARK MASH THE COMPETITION, BOW #1
Metal-Hop Mash-Up to Be Top Debut; Nas, T.I. and Kelly Clarkson Also Come on Strong
As the tallying of retail reports continues this morning, Jay-Z and Linkin Park's mash-up album, Collision Course (Warner Bros.), remains on track not only to be this week's top chart debut, with all signs pointing to sales of 350k through Sunday, but #1 overall.
Also making their chart debuts with some strong numbers are Nas, whose Street Disciple (Columbia) appears to have moved upwards of 250k in its first week; T.I., whose Urban Legend (Atlantic) looks like it will debut with a first-week total of around 200k; and Kelly Clarkson, whose Breakaway (RCA) should also come on the chart with a first week of about 200k.
Meanwhile, Josh Groban's Live at the Greek (Warner Bros.) and Gerald Levert's Do I Speak for the World (Atlantic) are also due to chart, with first-week totals looking like 90k-95k.
Major albums hitting the street tomorrow include Ludacris' Red Light District (Def Jam South/IDJ), which initial retail guestimates give a shot at 400k, and Lindsay Lohan's Speak (Casablanca/Universal), which pundits say could do 200k, plus new albums from Cam'ron (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam), Mario (J/RMG) and American Idol finalist Diana DeGarmo (RCA).


text:
PYPL
AMXEF
What Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey stepping down means for Square
Macquarie Capital Senior Equity Research Analyst Paul Golding joins Yahoo Finance Live's Zack Guzman and Jared Blikre to talk about what Jack Dorsey's stepping down as CEO of Twitter could mean for Square.
ZACK GUZMAN: Welcome back to Yahoo Finance Live. I want to focus in on a key departure from one of the names maybe we haven't talked about as much, given all of the things going on at Facebook/Meta and Snap's big rally as of late as a social media-- a dominant player in the pandemic. But at Twitter, Jack Dorsey's departure could mean positives for Square, as he's now CEO of only one of those companies, as Twitter CTO ascends to the role there at Twitter.
But what does it mean for Square, given all of the enthusiasm we've seen from Jack Dorsey, particularly when it comes to Bitcoin and other opportunities in crypto? For more on that, happy to welcome in Paul Golding, Macquarie Capital senior equity research analyst joins us now. And Paul, when we chat about this, it is interesting just because it does seem like-- this is just from the outside looking in-- it seems like its heart was more focused on Square just because of all the things he's been tweeting. Maybe that's somewhat ironic, but tweeting about crypto and what could be possible in building that out. So what does it mean for Square, the company, though, as maybe he focuses more on that opportunity?
PAUL GOLDING: Well, first off, thanks so much for having me on. In looking at what this move could mean for Square or why it makes sense to us at the very least the Jack would stick with Square between the two companies, running the two companies, look at where Square is right now.
In the midst of the Afterpay acquisition, getting those approvals through from a shareholder and regulatory perspective, particularly the Afterpay shareholder vote coming up on the 6th, and just in general, in what's happened with fintech and the uptake of digital transactions through the pandemic, we've seen tremendous uptake in use of digital payment methods and e-commerce, as opposed to cash, which has been used less as a result of the proliferation of digital rails, as well as just for hygienic reasons.
And so, I think Jack may be looking at this opportunity with Square as less of a mature market, more of a malleable situation, where he can bring Square to the forefront of so many of these new innovations and new ways of conducting commerce.
JARED BLIKRE: And also, I mean, if you think about it, you give Jack Dorsey a choice. You could be the public CEO of a company that deals with hate speech, or you can deal with-- or you can be the CEO of a company that plays around with crypto and payments. It'd be an obvious choice for me. But I want to get back to Twitter and their monetization plans. They have the old CTO who knows the company very, very well. Do they have the direction and leadership, do you think, to be able to execute, whereas they haven't before?
PAUL GOLDING: Well, we don't cover Twitter. We're not Twitter analysts, so I can't speak to that. But what I can speak to on your prior comment right there on Square in terms of how the ethos and the feelings, maybe the sentiment associated with the different operations, relate to this, his conversation constantly around Square has been about leveraging the platform and innovation to democratize finance and bring consumer financial inclusion more broadly for the unbanked and underbanked. And so, in looking at that and how he can monetize such a, I guess, an altruistic or positive pursuit, it is a bit of a distinction with other sectors, other companies, social media, et cetera.
ZACK GUZMAN: There's also so much going on. It's wild when you think about what Square's been up to in the Afterpay move and then also Tidal, which no one really talks about. But when you think about what Jack Dorsey might be wanting to do around NFTs or what crypto could provide in the music space, I always thought that was an interesting move. When you look at maybe the upside here, and I think, what, you have a price target here, 12-month price target of 325, when you look at maybe the upside and what might be the most significant driver to get there, what has you most excited about what this company could do with a fully invested Jack Dorsey?
PAUL GOLDING: I think the compound effect of the flywheel with a closed loop network that becomes more and more robust. So when we think about Cash App and Seller as ecosystems and the opportunity with or without Afterpay, but at the moment, Afterpay is a hopefully structural component, depending on the outcome of these regulatory reviews and shareholder votes. But in unifying Seller and Cash App, it's an opportunity to compound that closed loop potential and the flywheel effect.
So, as deposits potentially grow on the Cash App side and engagement grows on the Cash App side and utility grows-- for example, the Credit Karma tax filing business unit acquisition that Square did that has now become Cash App Tax that allows you to get your-- to do your taxes through Cash App and get your refund-- all of that concentrates households' discretionary liquid funds on Cash App. And then that means that when used to engage with merchants and leverage boost rewards and all these other functionalities-- invest in crypto, invest in equities-- all of that functionality means this becomes a destination for full service consumer finance needs. And so seeing that and the opportunity to monetize that destination effect is where we see the value in this company coming from.
JARED BLIKRE: And I'm looking at the stock, the year-to-date performance of Square. It's down about 4%. And I look in the payments space, Mastercard, Visa slightly underwater, PayPal even worse. I'm just wondering, these stocks have traded sideways most of the year to down recently. And that's after having very good performance last year. What happened that's a little bit different this year?
PAUL GOLDING: Well, I think it's been a volatile environment and tough to gauge what the run rate growth of these businesses could be in terms of having such a shock to the system in terms of acute use spikes in demand from the pandemic. And so, as guidance has been given or expectations have baked in whether in consensus or otherwise, and then potentially, from a go forward perspective, have come back to earlier expectations in 2021, as opposed to where they had run up to, I think that's driven some of the reversal here.
There are also some things of concern in the marketplace, like whether rates rising could impact the propensity to use Buy Now, Pay Later among consumers and as well as just what these BNPL platforms can offer. And so, when you bundle all these things together, maybe lower expectations versus most recent guidance or lower expectations as to the potential penetration of some of these new products, whether it's Buy Now, Pay Later or otherwise, then you start to see a bit of a rewrite. And I think that's what we've seen so far.
JARED BLIKRE: And Paul, we got to leave it there. But thank you. Appreciate your time stopping by. I didn't mean to put you on the spot with Twitter there. But Paul Golding, Macquarie Capital senior equity research analyst, thanks for stopping by.
Britain to curb marketing of crypto investments
Britain's financial watchdog said on Wednesday it planned to curb the marketing of cryptoassets and other high-risk investments, a move that comes amid a boom in crypto ads and endorsements from celebrities. The changes would strengthen risk warnings on ads and ban incentives to invest, such as new joiner or refer-a-friend bonuses, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) said. A surge in investment scams, particularly online and via social media since the coronavirus pandemic began in 2020, has prompted the regulator to take action, such as refusing one in five licence applications from consumer investment firms in the year ended March 2021.


So human, you say you wanted to code something?
I bought Lenovo keyboard for ~5$ cuz I couldn't stand crappy keyboard in my old Dell laptop.
I had to fix some issues with my i3 configuration (I haven't touched configs for about 5 months). I replaced native i3 bar with Polybar. Configuration was fairly painless. also: trying cmus and loving it so far!


Hair extensions are lengths of either real or synthetic hair that can be affixed close to the scalp through a number of systems. When well matched in color and texture, and professionally applied by a competent extensionist, hair extensions mix in and move naturally with your own hair, making it difficult to tell you are wearing them. They can provide volume, extend hair, and add highlights or lowlights without the harshness of coloring your own hair.


Undesired patient outcome of health care; clinical complication of health care (which may or may not be a patient safety incident).
Unexpected adverse outcome resulting from a justified action where the correct process was followed for the context in which the event occurred.
Physical harm or damage to a person's body.
A series of events in which one event leads to another with the possibility that the final event reaches the patient; collectively, an event episode.
Condition surrounding and affecting a person, process, etc; as related to health care, the context within which processes are performed to deliver health care services, including culture of safety, management structure and incentives, staffing levels, qualification and training of staff, acquisition and maintenance of devices, condition of care environment, etc.
See: Complete patient safety concern report.
A complete initial report of a patient safety concern, including, as applicable, data elements comprising the following Common Format forms: health care event report form, patient information form, one or more event specific forms, and, finally, summary of initial report.
A circumstance, action or influence which is thought to have played a part in the origin or development of an incident or to increase the risk of an incident.
Identification of a patient safety concern; a broader concept than discovery as it also encompasses identification by automated and other systems.
Identification of a patient safety concern during the course of performing duties in a health care facility; a narrower concept than detection.
The period over which disease, disability, disfigurement, dysfunction, etc. may be evident; often denoted as none, transient, temporary (short-term) or permanent (life-long).
Failure to carry out a planned action as intended or application of an incorrect plan.
Single event or chain of events from point of origin of a process failure or error within a health care organization to its termination in a near miss or incident.
Process designed to prevent the failure of a health care process or error made in the delivery of a health care service from propagating; usually an integral element of that process; may be a secondary system designed to insure the continued function or operation of a primary system.
Physical or psychological injury (including increased anxiety), inconvenience (such as prolonged treatment), monetary loss, and/or social impact, etc. suffered by a person.
An incident that resulted in harm to a patient.
See: Patient outcome harm scale.
Impairment of structure or function of the body and/or any deleterious effect arising therefrom.
Harm arising from or associated with plans or actions taken during the provision of health care rather than an underlying disease or injury.
Common Formats form comprising data elements designed to capture the essence of a patient safety concern.
Physical structure, such as a hospital, in which healthcare services are performed.
Physical place within a health care facility; includes a location in which health care services are delivered (health care service delivery location), as well as such other areas as corridors, elevators, and those where supporting services are performed (e.g., laundry, meal preparation, and power generation).
See: Health care facility and Health care location.
See: Healthcare Event Report Form.
See: Bodily injury and Psychological injury.
Health care facility with beds for patients to stay overnight.
A medical device is any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent, or other similar or related article, including any component, part, or accessory, intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or intended to affect the structure or any function of the body, and which does not achieve its primary intended purposes through chemical action within or on the body and which is not dependent upon being metabolized for the achievement of its primary intended purposes.
An incident that involves two or more patients (e.g., patient given a medication intended for another – 2 patients affected by the same incident); includes incidents involving a population of patients (e.g., fire in a patient section of a hospital).
An event that did not reach a patient. For example: discovery of a dispensing error by a nurse as part of the process of administering the medication to a patient (which if not discovered would have become an incident); discovery of a mislabeled specimen in a laboratory (which if not discovered might subsequently have resulted in an incident).
An incident which reached a patient but no discernable harm resulted.
The initial process failure or error that eventually gave rise to a near miss or an incident; see also chain of events. An unsafe condition may have been a precursor to this initial failure or error.
The result of a process acting on inputs in a given environment; as related to health care, often used to mean patient outcome.
Common Formats form that comprises data elements to capture the characteristics of a patient involved in an incident.
The result of receiving a health care service, especially as related to a patient's health status; usually refers to post-process results or measurements (the observed results of an intervention) whether or not one can confidently attribute those results to the preceding process (intervention).
A systematic method to assess and to represent the extent of a patient's health loss (including anxiety, inconvenience, etc.) at a point in time, especially as related to residual harm following a patient safety incident and any rescue actions that might have been attempted consequently.
Unsafe condition—circumstances that increase the probability of a patient safety event.
The collection, management, or analysis of information for reporting to a patient safety organization.
Something that happens to or involves a patient; encompasses patient safety incident and near miss.
A patient safety event that reached a patient and either resulted in no harm (no harm incident) or harm (harm incident). The concept "reached a patient" encompasses any action by a health care practitioner or worker or health care circumstance that exposes a patient to harm. For example: if a nurse gives a patient an incorrect medication to take and the patient recognizes it as such and refuses to take it, an incident has occurred.
Patient safety work product includes any data, reports, records, memoranda, analyses (such as root cause analyses), or written or oral statements (or copies of any of this material), which could improve patient safety, health care quality, or health care outcomes, that are assembled or developed by a provider for reporting to a PSO and are reported to a PSO. It also includes information that is documented as within a patient safety evaluation system that will be sent to a PSO and information developed by a PSO for the conduct of patient safety activities.
However, patient safety work product does not include a patient's medical record, billing and discharge information, or any other original patient or provider information; nor does it include information that is collected, maintained, or developed separately, or exists separately, from a patient safety evaluation system.
Patient Safety Work Product must not be disclosed, except in very specific circumstances and subject to very specific restrictions.
See: No harm incident and Near miss.
Accepted by the relevant community as avoidable in the particular set of circumstances.
Process designed, or course of action taken, to keep something possible or probable from happening or existing; as related to patient safety, to prevent a patient safety event.
A particular method of doing something, generally involving a number of steps or operations, that results in an outcome or produces an output.
Harm or damage to a person's psyche, psychological functioning, or mental well-being.
A patient's response to a stimulus or agent, such as to a medication.
Person in a heath care organization who reports a patient safety concern; may (or may not) be the person who discovered the concern.
Action taken or started within the first 24 hours after the discovery of a patient safety incident that is intended to prevent, to minimize, or to reverse harm to the affected patient.
Estimated harm to a patient's health subsequent to any attempted rescue action taken or started within 24 hours after the discovery of an incident.
The ability to resist and/or to recover from process failures or errors; to continue to deliver (health care) services safely in the face of various faults and challenges encountered during the course of normal operations; includes the ability to anticipate and to adapt performance to current conditions.
The product of 2 dimensions: 1) probability of an event's occurrence in a specified period, such as a year, and 2) the harm that would typically result if the event were to occur; often limited to (1).
Aspect of a health care process that is designed to prevent harm from reaching a patient in the event of a failure or error (including the failure of a fail-safe).
The extent of harm at a point in time; often categorized as none, mild, moderate, severe, or death.
An effect (usually an adverse outcome) caused by something (such as a drug or procedure) that was not the intended or indicated effect. The occurrence of a known side effect, even if an adverse outcome, by itself, is not a patient safety incident. It should be considered a quality of care problem; if, for example, the prescribing physician failed to weigh properly the potential health benefits and risks of prescribing a medication with a potentially lethal, or otherwise adverse, side effect.
See: Summary of Initial Report.
The process by which a substance (e.g., medication) is administered to a patient (whether or not the patient actually receives or takes it).
Common Formats form that comprises data elements to assess and to encode a patient safety concern. The completion of this form completes the initial report of an unsafe condition, near miss, or incident. Such report may (or may not) be followed by an event episode analysis.
Date/time when a patient safety concern was discovered.
Date/time when a patient safety event occurred (point in time) or started (if it occurred over a period of time).
Adverse outcome that was not expected to be a result of the patient's treatment plan; harm suffered as a result of an incident.
Foreign object introduced into the body during a surgical operation or another invasive procedure, without removal prior to finishing the surgery or procedure, that the surgeon or other practitioner did not intend to leave in the body.
Health care-associated harm that was not expected to result from a patient's treatment plan; harm resulting from an incident.
An intervention that was not part of a patient's treatment plan prior to the event that necessitated the additional intervention.
Any circumstance that increases the probability of a patient safety event; includes a defective or deficient input to or environment of a care process that increases the risk of an unsafe act, care process failure or error, or patient safety event. An unsafe condition does not involve an identifiable patient. For example, an out-of-date medicine on a shelf represents an unsafe condition. It might be given to a patient, but the identity of such patient is unknown at the time of discovery. The attempt to administer the out-of-date medicine to a patient would either represent a near miss (if not administered) or an incident (if administered).
Footnote 1: Definitions with the superscript 1 are similar to the WHO International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) definitions.


Windows Phone users have no official Facebook app, but Facebook Inc. has now released app for Windows 8.
On the Windows Phone platform is now over 175,000 applications available, but it still squints system, with having official big important apps represented.Microsoft must instead themselves pulling the working vehicle.
An example is Facebook. Microsoft has created their own Facebook application for Windows Phone, but no matter how skillfully and fine it is made, there is still not an official app from Facebook Inc.
Microsoft's version is itself into the list, along with piles of others who also call themselves "Facebook"-even with the official logo, without being "Facebook".
Although it should be expected that a huge company like Facebook could over come to develop an official application for Windows Phone, it is still not done.
What's interesting is that Facebook Inc. now has released an application for Windows 8 (on your computer), even optimized for use on the touch screen. Neither this approach or what the plans are on Windows Phone, Facebook has announced something about in their official nyhedsrum.
Microsoft has in connection with the presentation of Windows Phone 8 and Windows 8 made much out of that tell how easily developers can write programs that work in both places, which we can only hope that Facebook will have an eye on.
Windows Zune Phone still in the works?