Not every generation is destined to meet along its path such a blessed gift from heaven as was the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna for her time, for she was a rare combination of exalted Christian spirit, moral nobility, enlightened mind, gentle heart, and refined taste. She possessed an extremely delicate and multifaceted spiritual composition and her outward appearance reflected the beauty and greatness of her spirit. Upon her brow lay the seal of an inborn, elevated dignity which set her apart from those around her. Under the cover of modesty, she often strove, though in vain, to conceal herself from the gaze of others, but one could not mistake her for another. Wherever she appeared, one would always ask: "Who is she who looketh forth as the morning, clear as the sun" (Song of Solomon 6:10)? Wherever she would go she emanated the pure fragrance of the lily. Perhaps it was for this reason that she loved the color white—it was the reflection of her heart. All of her spiritual qualities were strictly balanced, one against another, never giving an impression of one-sidedness. Femininity was joined in her to a courageous character; her goodness never led to weakness and blind, unconditional trust of people. Even in her finest heartfelt inspirations she exhibited that gift of discernment which has always been so highly esteemed by Christian ascetics. These characteristics were perhaps in part due to her upbringing, which she received under the guidance of her maternal grandmother, Victoria, Queen of England and Empress of India. An unmistakable English stamp was placed on all her tastes and habits and English was closer to her than her native German.
The grand duchess herself acknowledged that a great influence on the formation of the inner, purely spiritual side of her character was the example of a paternal ancestor, Elizabeth Turingen of Hungary, who through her daughter Sophia was one of the founders of the House of Hesse. A contemporary of the Crusades, this remarkable woman reflected the spirit of her age. Deep piety was united in her together with self-sacrificing love for her neighbor, but her spouse considered her great beneficence squanderous and at times persecuted her for it. Her early widowhood compelled her to lead a life of wandering and need. Later she was again able to help the poor and suffering and completely dedicate herself to works of charity. The great reverence which this royal struggler enjoyed even during her lifetime moved the Roman Catholic Church in the thirteenth century to number her among its saints. The impressionable soul of the grand duchess was captivated in childhood by the happy memory of her honored ancestor and made a deep impression on her.
Her rich natural gifts were refined by an extensive and wide education which not only satisfied her mental and esthetic needs but also enriched her with knowledge of a purely practical nature, essential for every woman with household duties. "Together with Her Majesty (i.e., Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, her younger sister) we were instructed during our childhood in everything," she once said in answer to how she became acquainted with all the details of housekeeping.
Of her experiences in the Roman Catholic world, the grand duchess sometimes recalled a trip to Rome which she had taken together with the late grand duke soon after the jubilee of Pope Leo the XIII. The latter knew well the unshakable firmness of Sergei Alexandrovich's Orthodox convictions and regarded him highly, having first made his acquaintance when the grand duke, still a child, was visiting Rome. This long-standing acquaintance allowed them to converse informally. Between them there even arose an argument about how many popes were named Sergius. Neither of these exalted disputants wanted to give way to the other and the pope had to withdraw into his library to check. He returned a bit upset.
The grand duchess, of her own volition decided to unite herself to the Orthodox Church. When she made the announcement to her spouse, according to the account of one of the servants, tears involuntarily poured from his eyes. The Emperor Alexander III himself was deeply touched by her decision. Her husband blessed her after Holy Chrismation with a precious icon of the Savior, "Not Made by Hands" (a copy of the miraculous icon in the Chapel of the Savior), which she treasured greatly throughout the remaining course of her life. Having been joined to the Faith in this manner, and thereby to all that makes up the soul of a Russian, the grand duchess could now with every right say to her spouse in the words of the Moabite Ruth, "Your people have become my people, and your God my God" (Ruth 1:16).
The grand duke's extended tenure of office as Governor-General of Moscow, the true heart of Russia, where he and his wife were in living contact with the ancient, holy shrines and the immemorial Russian national way of life, must have bound the grand duchess even more to her new homeland.
However, not everyone was capable of understanding the change which had taken place in her. One had to live through such a staggering catastrophe as this, in order to be convinced of the frailty and illusory nature of wealth, glory and the things of this world, and about which for so many centuries we have been warned by the Gospel. For the society of that time, the decision of the grand duchess to dismiss her court in order to leave the world and dedicate herself to serving God and neighbor, seemed as scandal and madness. Despising both the tears of friends, gossip and mockings of the world, she courageously set out on her new path. Having earlier chosen for herself the path of the perfect, i.e. the path of ascetic struggle, she began with wisely measured steps to ascend the ladder of Christian virtues.
The advice of wise instructors was not foreign to her, guiding those starting out on the path of Christian activity to learn from others the way of life so as "not to teach oneself, not to go without a guide along a path which one had never traveled and hence quickly lose one's way; not to travel more or less correctly, nor become exhausted from too swift a run or to fall asleep while resting" (Jerome, A Letter to the Monk Rusticus).
Therefore she strove to understand nothing without the direction of spiritually experienced elders, especially the elders of the Zosima Hermitage under whom she placed herself in total obedience. As her heavenly guides and protectors she chose St. Sergius and St. Alexis of Moscow. She was entrusted to their special protection by her late spouse whose remains she buried at the Chudov Monastery in a magnificent tomb, styled after those in the ancient Roman catacombs. The extended period of mourning for the grand duke, during which she retired into her interior world and was continually in church, was the first real break to separate her from what up until then had been her normal everyday life. The move from the palace to the building she acquired at Ordinka, where she allotted only two very modest rooms for herself, signaled a full break with the past and the beginning of a new period in her life.
From now on her main task became the building of a sisterhood in which inner service to God would be integrated with active service to one's neighbor in the name of Christ. This was a completely new form of organized charitable Church activity, and consequently drew general attention to itself. At its foundation was placed a deep and immutable idea: no one could give to another more than he himself already possessed. We all draw upon God and therefore only in Him can we love our neighbor. Natural love so-called or humanism quickly evaporates, replaced by coldness and disappointment, but one who lives in Christ can rise to the heights of complete self-denial and lay down his life for his friends. The grand duchess not only wanted to impart to charitable activities the spirit of the Gospel but to place them under the protection of the Church. Thus she hoped to attract gradually to the Church, those levels of Russian society, which up until that time had remained largely indifferent to the Faith. Highly significant was the very name the grand duchess bestowed upon the institution she established—the Martha and Mary Convent, which name contains within itself the mission, the life of its holy patrons.
The community was intended to be like the home of Lazarus which the Savior so often visited. The sisters of the convent were called to unite both the high lot of Mary, attending to the eternal word of life, and the service of Martha, to that degree in which they found Christ in the person of His less fortunate brethren. In justifying and explaining her thought, the ever-memorable foundress of the convent said that Christ the Savior could not judge Martha for showing Him hospitality, since the latter was sign of her love for Him. He only cautioned Martha, and in her all women in general, against that excessive fussing and triviality which draw them away from the higher needs of the spirit.
To be not of this world, and at the same time live and act in the world in order to transform it—this was the foundation upon which she desired to establish her convent.
Striving to be an obedient daughter of the Orthodox Church in all things the grand duchess did not desire to make use of the advantages of her position fearing lest even in the smallest way she take liberties and depart from obedience, from the rules or specific statutes established for everyone by the Church Authority. On the contrary, she fulfilled with complete readiness the slightest desire of the latter even if it did not coincide with her personal views. At one time, for example, she seriously thought about reviving the ancient institution of deaconess, in which she was zealously supported by Metroplitan Vladimir of Moscow. Bishop Germogen (at this time of Saratov, later of Tobolsk where he was martyred), because of a misunderstanding, stood up against this idea, accusing the grand duchess without any foundation, of Protestant tendencies (of which he later repented), and counseled her to abandon her cherished dream. Having been misunderstood in the best of her strivings, the grand duchess did not stifle her spirit because of this trying disappointment, but rather put her whole heart into her beloved Martha and Mary Convent. It is not surprising that the convent quickly blossomed and attracted many sisters from the aristocracy as well as the common people. Nearly monastic order reigned within the inner life of the community and both within and without the convent her activities consisted in the care of those who visited the sick who were lodged in the convent, in the material and moral help given to the poor, and in the almshouse for those orphans and abandoned children found in every large city. The grand duchess paid special attention to the unfortunate children who bore within themselves the curse of their fathers' sins, the children born in the turbid slums of Moscow only to wither before they had a chance to blossom. Many of them were taken into the orphanage built for them where they were quickly revived spiritually and physically. For others, constant supervision at their place of residence was established. The spirit of initiative and moral sensitivity which accompanied the grand duchess in all her activities, inspired and impelled her to search out new paths and forms of philanthropic activity, which sometimes reflected the influence of her first, western homeland, and its advanced organizations for social improvement and mutual aid. And so she created a cooperative of messenger boys with a well built dormitory, and apartments for the girls who took part in this activity. Not all of these establishments were directly connected with the convent, but they were all like rays of light from the sun united in the person of their abbess, who embraced them with her care and protection. Having chosen as her mission not only to serve one's neighbor in general, but also the spiritual re-education of contemporary Russian society, the grand duchess wanted to speak to the latter in a closer, more understandable language about Church art and Orthodox liturgical beauty. All the churches founded by her, especially the main church of the convent, built in the Novgorod-Pskov style by the famous architect Shchusev and painted by Nesterov, were distinguished by their austere style and the artistic unity of the interior and exterior ornamentation. The crypt located under the arches of the convent church also evoked general admiration for its peaceful warmth. The church services in the convent were always outstandingly well performed, thanks to the exceptionally capable spiritual father chosen by the abbess. From time to time she attracted other fine pastoral strength from Moscow and all parts of Russia to serve and preach. Like bees gathering nectar from all flowers, according to the words of Gogol, for her, as a true Christian, there was no ultimate course of study and she remained a conscientious humble student all her life.
All the external decor of the Martha and Mary Convent as well the internal structure, and in general all the material creations of the grand duchess were stamped with elegance and culture. This was not because she conveyed to it some sort of self-satisfying significance, but because this was the spontaneous action of her creative spirit. Having concentrated her activity around the convent, the grand duchess did not sever her ties with those other social organizations and institutions of a charitable or spiritually enlightening nature with which she had been bound by close moral ties ever since her first years in Moscow. Among these, the Palestine Society occupied the first place, so close to her because it called to life the deep Russian Orthodox feeling of her spouse, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, for the Holy Land. Having inherited from him the chairmanship of this society, she imitated him in holy zeal for Sion and in tireless concern over Russian pilgrims heading for the Holy Land. Her cherished dream was to go with them, though she already had earlier visited the holy places together with the late grand duke. The unbroken chain of activity and responsibilities, becoming more complicated with every year, prevented her for a long time from leaving Russia for the Holy City. Alas! No one then foresaw that she would arrive in Jerusalem only after her repose, in order to find there a place for eternal rest.
Her mind was always in harmony with her heart, and in the Palestine work she exhibited not only love and zeal for the Holy Land but a great working knowledge, as if she directly controlled all the institutions of the Society. During the last years before the war she was occupied with plans for the construction of a metochion to St. Nicholas, in Bari, with a church worthy of the Russian name. The project and model of the building, executed by Shchusev in the ancient Russian style, was permanently exhibited in her reception room. Countless papers and callers, the examination of various types of petitions and entreaties which were presented to her from all parts of Russia, as well as other affairs, usually filled her whole day and frequently brought her to the point of total exhaustion. This did not hamper her from spending the night at the bedside of suffering patients or from attending services in the Kremlin and at the greatly loved churches and monasteries in all parts of Moscow. The spirit strengthened the weakened body (her only rest was pilgrimages to various parts of Russia for prayer. However, even here the people took away the possibility of her finding seclusion and quiet. Greatly honoring her royal birth and great piety, the people ecstatically met her everywhere. The trips of the grand duchess to various cities of Russia, against her will turned into triumphant marches).
Concealing her struggles, she always appeared before people with a bright, smiling face. Only when she was alone or with a few close people, her face and especially her eyes reflected hidden sorrow—the mark of a great soul languishing in this world. Having detached herself from almost all earthly things, she even more brightly radiated an inner light, especially by her love and tenderness. No one could do an act of kindness more delicately—to each according to his need or spiritual temperament. She was not only capable of weeping with the sorrowful but of rejoicing with those who rejoice, which is usually the more difficult. Though not a nun in the strict sense, better than any nun she observed the great law of St. Nilus of Sinai: "Blessed is the monk who honors every man as (a) god after God." Find the best in every man and, "Have mercy on the fallen," was the continual striving of her heart. A meek spirit did not prevent her from blazing with holy wrath before injustice. Even more strictly she judged herself if she made some mistake, however involuntarily. Allow me to present a fact which witnesses to this facet of her character, as well as how her sincerity won out against an inborn reserve and the demands of social etiquette. Once during the time I was vicar bishop of Moscow she offered me the chairmanship of a purely secular organization, not having any activities connected with the Church. I was involuntarily embarrassed, not knowing how to answer her. Understanding my position, she immediately said decisively, "Forgive me, I made a foolish suggestion," and thus led me out of a difficult situation.
The high position of the grand duchess along with her openness attracted many and various organizations and individual petitioners to her for her help, protection, or authoritative influence in the higher echelons of both local Moscovite and the central authority. She carefully replied to all petitions except for those which bore political overtones. The latter she decisively rejected, considering dealings with politics to be incompatible with her new calling.
She paid special attention to all institutions of Church, charitable or artistic and scientific character. She also zealously worked to preserve the more important daily customs and traditions which made life so rich in old, beloved Moscow. The anniversary holiday of 1912 gave her an unexpected chance to exhibit her zeal in this direction.
Here are the circumstances of this activity, hitherto known only to a few people, including even those who had direct connection with this work. During the elaboration of the program for the celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the War for the Homeland, there arose in the special committee organized in Moscow a heated debate over how to celebrate the Thirtieth of August, the final day of the anniversary festival in Moscow, where the emperor, according to ceremony was supposed to arrive from Borodino. The representative of the ministry of the court offered to place at the center of the festival day a visit by the emperor to the Zemsky Kustarny Museum, which had absolutely nothing to do with the historical recollection of 1812.
Within a week, she informed me that the emperor had changed the program according to our desires.
When the Thirtieth of August arrived it presented a magnificent picture of a genuinely national, Church and patriotic festivity which will never be forgotten by the participants. For this fete Moscow was indebted to the intercessions of the grand duchess who exhibited in the present circumstance not only her devotion to the Church but a deeply historical, purely Russian devotion.
At the beginning of the war she gave herself over with complete self-sacrifice to the service of the sick and wounded soldiers whom she visited not only in the hospitals and sanitoriums of Moscow but also at the front. Like the empress, she was not spared the slander which accused them of excessive sympathy for wounded Germans, and the grand duchess bore this unwarranted, bitter offense with her usual magnanimity.
When the revolutionary storm broke out she met it with amazing self-control and calm. It seemed that she stood on a high, unshakable cliff, and from there fearlessly looked out at the waves storming around her and raised her spiritual vision to eternity.
The charm of her whole temperament was so great that it automatically attracted even the revolutionaries when they first arrived to examine the Martha and Mary Convent. One of them, apparently a student, even praised the life of the sisters, saying that no luxuries were noticeable, and that cleanliness and good order were the rule, which was in no way blameworthy. Seeing his sincerity, the grand duchess struck up a conversation with him about the outstanding qualities of socialist and Christian ideals. "Who knows," remarked her unknown conversationalist as if influenced by her arguments, "perhaps we are headed for the same goal, only by different paths," and with these words left the convent.
"Obviously we are still unworthy of a martyr's crown," the abbess replied to the sisters' congratulating her for such a successful end to the first encounter with the Bolsheviks. But that crown was not far from her. During the course of the last months of 1917 and the beginning of 1918, the Soviet power to everyone's amazement granted the Martha and Mary Convent and its abbess complete freedom to live as they wished and even supported them by supplying essentials. This made the blow even heavier and unexpected for them when on Pascha the grand duchess was suddenly arrested and transported to Ekaterinburg. His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon attempted with the help of Church organizations to take a part in her liberation, but was unsuccessful. Her exile was at first accompanied by some comforts. She was quartered in a convent where all the sisters were sincerely involved. A special comfort for her was that she was not hampered from attending services. Her position became more difficult after her transfer to Alapaevsk where she was imprisoned in one of the city schools together with her ever-faithful companion, Sister Barbara, and several grand dukes who shared her fate.
Nevertheless she did not lose her abiding firmness of spirit and occasionally would send words of encouragement and comfort to the sisters of her convent who were deeply grieving over her. And so it continued until the fateful night of 5/18 July. On this night together with the other royal captives striving with her and her valiant fellow-struggler Barbara in Alapaevsk, she was suddenly taken in an automobile outside the city and apparently buried alive with them in one of the local mine shafts. The results of later excavation there has shown that she strived until the last moment to serve the grand dukes who were severely injured by the fall. Some local peasants who carried out the sentence on these people whom they did not know, reported that for a long time there was heard a mysterious singing from below the earth.
As though in reward for her earthly struggles and special love for the Holy Land, her martyred remains, which according to eyewitnesses were found in the mine shaft completely untouched by corruption, were destined to rest at the same place where the Savior suffered and rose from the dead. Exhumed on the orders of Admiral Kolchak, together with the bodies of other members of the royal house killed at the same time (the Grand Duke Sergei Michailovich, the Princes John, Igor, and Konstantine Konstantinovich, and the son of the Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich, Prince Paley), their remains and the bodies of the grand duchess and Sister Barbara were taken first to Irkutsk and then to Peking where they remained for a long time m the cemetery church of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission. From there, through the concern of her sister, Princess Victoria, the Marchioness of Milford-Haven, to whom she was closely bound during life, her coffin and Sister Barbara's were transferred from Shanghai and sent to Palestine.
On the 15th of January, 1920, the bodies of both sufferers were triumphantly met in Jerusalem by the English authorities, the Greek and Russian clergy, as well as crowds of the large Russian colony and local inhabitants. Their burial took place the next day and was served by the head of the Church of Jerusalem, the Blessed Patriarch Damianos, together with a host of clergy.
As if destined for the purpose, the crypt below the lower vault of the Russian church of St. Mary Magdalene was adapted as a sepulchre for the grand duchess. This church, built in memory of the Empress Maria Alexandrovna by her august children, was not strange to the deceased, for together with the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich she had been present at its consecration in 1888. Located on a picturesque slope of the Mount of Olives, it is the best-styled and most graceful of all the churches one finds in Palestine, attracting one's gaze even from a distance by its colorful and purely Russian lines. The martyr herself could not have chosen a better resting place even if, having foreseen that she would have to repose for a time outside her convent, she had earlier prepared a grave for herself.
Here, everything reflects her spirit: the golden domes of the church, sparkling in the sun amidst green olive trees and cypresses; the artistic interior furnishings, stamped with the inspiration of Vereshchagin, and the very character of the holy images, pierced through by the rays of Christ s Resurrection. Even closer and dearer to her heart is the fragrance of the holy places, which breathes upon her sepulchre from all sides. Below, beneath the tomb stretches out a unique view of the Holy City with the great cupola of the Life-Giving Tomb rising on high; at the foot of her tomb, the Garden of Gethsemane where in agony the Divine Sufferer prayed until drops of blood appeared. Further on, Gethsemane itself, the place of the Mother of God's burial and to the left one can discern half-concealed by the folds of mountains, Bethany, that true Convent of Martha and Mary, the sister of Lazarus, whom the Lord called forth from the grave; and above, the Church of St. Mary Magdalene joyously crowns Mt. Olivet, whence the risen Savior rose gloriously to heaven in order to crown from there all those who amid temptations remained faithful to Him until death (see Rev. 111:5, 21).


Order books have opened for the new Ford Fiesta Active.
The new version of the bestselling supermini gets rugged, SUV-inspired styling and an increased ride height.
The range includes three trim options - Active 1, Active B&O Play and Active X.
All cars get roof rails, front fog lights and 17in alloy wheels as standard.
There's a choice of three drive modes - Eco, Normal and Slippery - and Ford's electronic stability programme with hill start assist.
Other standard equipment includes: lane-keeping technology; a heated windscreen; automatic headlights; a tyre pressure monitoring system; electric front and rear windows; rear privacy glass; driver seat height and lumbar adjustment; air conditioning, and Ford's Sync 3 communications and entertainment system, which is compatible with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto.
Active B&O Play cars add equipment including a B&O Play sound system, cruise control, rain sensing wipers, auto-dimming rear-view mirror, a centre console with armrest and illuminated cup holders, and a 4.2in TFT instrument cluster screen with traffic sign recognition.
Active X trim also adds partial leather upholstery with heated front seats, power-foldable door mirrors with puddle lights, sat-nav, keyless entry and start, and a rear-view camera with rear parking sensors.
Engine options are a 1.0-litre petrol with either 85hp, 100hp, 125hp or 140hp, or a 1.5-litre diesel producing 85hp.
CO2 emissions start at 105g/km for petrol cars and 96g/km for the diesel.
Prices start at £17,790 for the Active 1, £19,190 for the Active B&O Play and £20,290 for the Active X.


How to Get More Followers on Tumblr?
Social media marketing can be tough. If the majority of customers are on Tumblr, you should consider marketing your products/services in that platform. But this platform has a different approach making it difficult for your brand to stand out.
In this post, let's help you get more followers to reach wider digital reach.
Doing so will help your site be more interesting for strangers. You should also focus on the design that surely complements the content you provide to ensure that your visitors will keep coming back for more.
The best users of Tumblr are those who don't wander across the board. If you want to get more followers, make sure that you write about a topic that interests you. It's something that you can write about at length. Don't be too specific about it.
Just think about what topic you want to share with your followers and what they might like to read or see.
It's also vital that you choose a premium theme to give you further an edge on the competition. It also opens more doors to greater creativity. Don't go for designs with overwhelming color. However, don't choose something that doesn't have a visual appeal.
Then, make sure that you've chosen a username that reflects your brand. It should be professional and relevant to the focus of your blog.
The best way to go in getting more followers on Tumblr is to give your blog its own voice. Don't spend time on reblogging every meme on the Internet. Instead, post something that's worthy of attention. If you wish to post content that's saturating the web, make sure to add your personal insight.
Hashtags are a way for your blogs to be found by other users. To gain more followers, make sure that your tags are broad so people can find them. But don't be too broad that they'll be easily lost in a sea of other content.
No matter how many posts you have, if they're not interesting or engaging, you'll lose followers. Make sure that your content provides facts, free of misspellings and grammatical errors and hyperlinks aren't broken. It's also important that the images you add are loading properly.
Of course, no one will follow you if you don't follow others. Search around the site and find blogs that are in the same niche as yours. Follow them.
You should also consider liking posts to make you an active participant of the platform. Doing so will allow others know that you're paying attention and enjoying their content.
There are other ways to help you gain more followers on Tumblr. But you can easily start with those tips we mentioned above.


In the days before Prohibition, New York was trying to update it's coroner's office by improving laboratory practices and using science to determine the cause of death and solve crimes. Up until 1917, the coroner was an elected official, and one who had no science or medical background. Murders of all kinds were written off as suicides, or "acts of God." Poisons had become a popular way to rid oneself of a rival or family member because it was unlikely that its effects would be detected.
In 1918, Charles Norris was appointed as the Chief Medical Examiner and was a pioneer in forensic toxicology. He, in turn, hired a chemist named Alexander Gettler who was given the task of developing methods to determine if poisons were the cause of death. Gettler spent time grinding up livers and testing a variety of substances. In the years leading up to the Prohibition, Gettler noted a rise in the number of deaths attributed to wood alcohol poisoning.
Wood alcohol -- technically known as methyl alcohol, but also as wood spirit, hydroxymethane, carbino, colonial spirit, Columbian spirit, and, some years later, methanol -- was in itself nothing new. The ancient Egyptians had used it in their embalming processes. For centuries it had been the essential ingrediant in homemade whiskey. Its chemical formula had been identified in 1661 by a chemist who called it "spirit of box" because he'd made it by distilling boxwood. The term, methyl was derived from the Greek methy (meaning wine) and hyle (meaning wood, or more precisely, path of trees).
The chemical structure of wood alcohol is simple: three hydrogen atoms bonded to a single carbon atom (in a cluster known as a methyl group), with one oxygen atom and another hydrogen atom tagging along. It is also simple to make, as industrialists and moonshiners had realized, requiring little more than wood and heat. The process was called destructive distillation. Slabs and slices of wood went into a closed container and were heated to at least 400 degrees Fahrenheit (204 degrees Celsius). As the wood cooked into charcoal, its natural liquids vaporized. The vapor could be cooled, condensed, and distilled into a rather murky soup containing methyl alcohol, acetone, and acetic acid. A second distilling would separate out the pure methyl alcohol, a liquid as clear as glass and as odorless as ice, from the other ingredients.
"Industrial" alcohol was basically grain alcohol (ethanol) with other chemicals mixed in to make it undrinkable, methanol was one of the common additives. The adding of these chemicals was required by law after Prohibition to prevent industrial alcohol from being used as a beverage. Basically, the government ordered the alcohol to be laced with chemicals that would make it undrinkable. As a result, there were many bootleggers who attempted to make industrial alcohol drinkable and less toxic by redistilling, diluting or mixing it with other chemicals. None of these procedures was particularly effective, and people who chose to drink alcohol illegally would be risking their lives.
Why is methyl alcohol so dangerous when other acoholic beverages are not? Liquors usually contain about 3% ethanol which is often produced from fermenting grains, fruits, and vegetables. In a way to replace now banned liquors during the era of Prohibition, people turned to questionable distillation methods and drinks that were a mixture of ethanol and methanol. Even small quantities of methanol can be fatal, but the risk did not deter some people.
Methanol is toxic when ingested, inhaled or even absorbed in the skin. Methanol , when ingested, breaks down into even more toxic substances, a process called toxification. Enzymes in the liver first convert methanol to formaldehyde which is then converted to formic acid. This process takes up to 30 hours from the initial exposure to methanol, and means that you might not die initially from its consumption, but may experience symptoms a day later. Usually the first sign of methanol poisoning is loss of vision. If the person recovers from the toxins, the blindness is permanent as formic acid actually damages the optic nerve.
As Gettler had predicted, the number of cases of poisoning increased. In 1926, in New York City alone, 1200 became sick by poisonous alcohol and 400 died. Bootlegging of alcohol, much of which contained methanol continued, poisonings became a public health issue. Gettler continued to work these cases, publicizing deaths by alcohol to raise awareness of the problem. In 1933, the 18th amendment was repealed and the program that required industrial alcohol to be made toxic was also ceased.
a) Poisons had become a popular way to rid oneself of a rival or family member because it was unlikely that its effects would be detected.
b) In the years leading up to the Prohibition, Gettler noted a rise in the number of deaths attributed to wood alcohol poisoning.
c) In 1918, Charles Norris was appointed as the Chief Medical Examiner and was a pioneer in forensic toxicology.
d) Liquors usually contain about 3% ethanol which is often produced from fermenting grains, fruits, and vegetables.


The SharePoint "fine grain permissions" best practices document recommends using this method as a way to help prevent performance penalties when unique permissions are applied. However, we need this capability in JSOM and CSOM since AddToCurrentScopeOnly is currently only available for use on-premises using the server-side object model.
Yes this is really needed!
Yes, I do agree with Michael and we need this capability in JSOM, CSOM and REST API.


Is it just us or did summer just sneak up on us out of nowhere? While we are still figuring out our warm-weather plans, there's definitely one thing that's not in flux. And, that's our summer must-haves.
We've got those all picked out and ready to roll. Whether it's an art piece that preserves the essence of the dog days of summer or a pair of shimmery soles, we've got you covered.


A.P. Bio has some genuine laughs, but audiences have already seen plenty of authority figures behaving badly -- and have a right to expect more from this promising premise and talented cast.
" دانلود سریال A P Bio " بدون دیدگاه.


Comm Eye Health Vol. 30 No. 100 2018 pp 71-73. Published online 07 February 2018.
CEO: International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness, London, UK.
Chair, International Coalition for Trachoma Control (ICTC), Geneva, Switzerland.
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon: Department of Ophthalmology, Hinchingbrooke Hospital, Huntingdon, UK.
Over the last 30 years, there has been a reduction in the proportion of people with visual impairment and blindness worldwide. However, growing and ageing populations mean that the challenge of eliminating avoidable blindness is now bigger than ever before.
We have come a long way on the journey towards the global elimination of avoidable blindness and visual impairment over the last three decades. Thanks to the work of the Vision Loss Expert Group, it is now possible to say what has been achieved and what remains to be done.
The group has very recently published detailed estimates of the prevalence of global blindness and visual impairment – for the past, present and future – at global, regional and country level.1 These estimates were derived from a detailed analysis of 288 population surveys conducted in 98 countries from 1980 to mid-2014. Although the estimates mainly concentrate on distance vision loss, data regarding near vision loss (presbyopia) are also included.
The headline figures from the group's latest global estimates are summarised in Figure 1.
In 2015, there were an estimated 253 million people with visual impairment worldwide. Of these, 36 million were blind and a further 217 million had moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI). The prevalence of people that have distance visual impairment is 3.44%, of whom 0.49% are blind and 2.95% have MSVI. A further 1.1 billion people are estimated to have functional presbyopia.
The risk of most eye conditions increases with age; consequently, the prevalence of blindness and MSVI is much greater in older age groups. Figure 2 shows this for women (a very similar result is seen for men). Of the 253 million visually impaired people worldwide, 80% are aged 50 years or older.
Of the 253 million people in the world who are visually impaired, 55% are women (139 million). A number of factors contribute to this gender imbalance, including the longer life expectancy of women compared with that of men, which means that there are more women in those age groups associated with a higher risk of developing a sight-threatening eye condition (Figure 2). In addition, women are at greater risk of developing certain eye conditions. In some countries, women suffer disadvantages in terms of access to eye health services. This is due to multiple socio-economic and cultural factors.
The group used the 21 regions demarcated by the Global Burden of Disease study (www.thelancet.com/gbd) to disaggregate the global data and prepare regional estimates. These 21 regions cluster countries according to their physical location but also other factors, including their socio-economic status.
89% of visually impaired people live in low- and middle-income countries. Three Asian regions are home to 62% of the people in the world with visual impairment, even though they are home to only 51% of the world's population: South Asia (73 million), East Asia (59 million) and South East Asia (24 million). At the other end of the scale, the five high-income regions account for 14% of the world's population but only 11% of people with visual impairment.
Comparing regions is not straightforward if one just looks at the overall numbers or prevalence; this is due to the differences in the age profile in each region; i.e. some populations may have a larger proportion of older people and fewer children compared to others. A technique called 'age standardisation' makes it possible to compare populations with different age profiles to each other and look at changes over time.
The age-standardised prevalence of visual impairment across the 21 regions is shown in Figure 3. The prevalence in poorer regions of the world is more than four times that seen in the high-income regions.
The group has also published a second paper2 that looks at the causes of visual impairment. Table 1 summarises the estimates of the causes of blindness, moderate to severe visual impairment, and for blindness and visual impairment combined. The data are for 2015 and are given both in terms of absolute numbers and as a percentage.
The global population increased by 38%: from 5.3 billion in 1990 to 7.3 billion in 2015.
The world population aged and the total population over 50 years old almost doubled: from 878 million in 1990 to 1,640 million in 2015.
Allowing for these two major changes, there is in fact an underlying decline in the global age-standardised prevalence of blindness (all ages): it has reduced from 4.58% in 1990 to 3.38% in 2015. A number of factors – including a decline in poverty levels, a reduction of the incidence of certain conditions or a later onset of these conditions, improved public health measures and eye health service development – have all contributed to this encouraging progress.
But what is likely to happen in future? United Nations data3, summarised in Table 3, informs us that the global population was 7.3 billion in 2015. This is predicted to rise to 7.8 billion by 2020 and to 9.7 billion by 2050. The growing population is also going to age at a much faster rate than seen in previous years. In 2015, there were 901 million people over the age of 60 (12% of the global population). By 2050, the number of people over the age of 60 is predicted to increase to 2.1 billion (22% of the population).
An even greater relative increase in the numbers of people aged ≥80 is expected; the current estimate of 125 million in 2015 is expected to increase more than threefold by 2050: to 434 million. As observed in Figure 2, the prevalence of visual impairment increases rapidly with age. By age 60, around 1 in 9 people will be either blind or have MSVI. By age 80, the ratio increases considerably: around 1 in 3 people will be either blind or have MSVI.
The combination of a growing and an ageing population will result in a massive increase in the number of people who are blind or have MSVI. Two other factors that also present a major risk for the future are the dramatic increase currently being seen in all parts of the world in the number of people with diabetes (which can cause diabetic retinopathy, a potentially blinding condition) and those with high myopia.
Overall, there may be some 703 million people who are blind or have MSVI by the year 2050 (as shown in Table 2). A massive investment in eye health services, along with protection from out-of-pocket payments for the poorest sectors of society, is needed to ensure universal access to eye health for all and avert a future human and societal catastrophe.
1 Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli MV, Das A, Jost B et al., on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group. Magnitude, temporal trends and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2017;5(9): e888-e879.
3 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 revision, key findings and advance tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.241.


"They Have My Heart Forever"
My quirky little man Kobi, he cracks me up and he's just so darn adorable!! I loved making this and mixing bits and pieces together. I have popped in some gold aswell and loved the effect of it with all of the other colours together! I have used a bit of Hambly (so sad to see these guys close up shop), Crate Paper, OA and even a bit of Sass (wish they were still around too), lots of Shimmerz, touch of Prima and a MLBOW birdie pin....phew think that's it!!!
Oh don't throw away those old spools from your twine.....must get myself some mini ones of these....so cute!!!!
I have a new project for Pink Paislee which will be in their Declaration booklet going to print very soon. In the booklet will showcase lots of different PP projects from the girls and their tutorials.
My table, lots of other things hanging up you can't see but you get the idea!
Just some closeups......Blue mnm's, Shaggy wreath (so simple to make this.....rip lots of different materials, cut a circle from cardboard and start tying), paper straws.
These were fun....Oreos! I scrapped coloured icing over one side and then with white icing made a swirl.....super cute, fun and bright!!!
Cheeky rascals..........can you believe there is only 20 months between these 2, hehe, little Kobi, you are soooo tiny!!!
Happy Birthday to you, Happy Birthday to you......a bit stunned everyone singing to him.
Okay, I best get off here, I am crazy busy creating for CHA!!!!!!!!!!
I love your works and all of the texture in your pages!!
Fun backgrounds. Especially like the red, white & blue layout.
Stacey I loved this post! So much goodness here :D Your pages are full to the brim with goodies and wow! Loved your party decor! Looked like a great party!
STUNNING work Stacey! I just love everything you create! I finished my first layout applying all I've learned through the Miss PaperArts class ~ I can't share until Thursday! Thanks for sharing your creativity with all of us!
Such beautiful work Stacey...every layout is stunning! I have watched your amazing classes and was so inspired. I will share with you after Friday! Have a great week!
Gorgeous layouts!! And I love the party pictures.. Hugs!!
wow! you fill your life with color and beauty, and your layouts are magnificent, the party looks like a wonderful time.. thanks for sharing a little bit of your sons life.. bless them, they are lovely boys!
Wahou! What a birthday party!!!! A lot of work!!! Well done! I particularly your first page, so beautiful!!!!


LG Electronics East Africa has reiterated its commitment to doing business in Kenya through its Kenyan partners to create value for consumers.
LG East Africa Managing Director Janghoon Chung said that the company is committed to delivering the best quality product and product portfolios to the consumer at a market competitive prices.
"As the LG business in Kenya continues to grow, the company anticipates it will continue to expand its portfolio of brands within Kenya which should enable LG's economic investments in the form of marketing spending and distribution capabilities into Kenya to grow consistent with the business," said Mr. Chung.
Mr. Chung was speaking ahead of the 2018 Korea Consumer Goods Showcase where 150 Korean businesses will be showcasing its cutting-edge consumer products.
The two-day Korean expo which will be held Friday, November 23rd and Saturday 24th, 2018 has been organized by the Korean Embassy in Nairobi, and the Korea Business Center (KOTRA), a Korean government agency tasked with promoting trade and investment between Korea and the world.
The expo aims to immerse Kenyan businesses and consumers into Korean lifestyle, technology, beauty, and food.
For LG, the expo will be a platform for the South Korean electronics giant to offer businesses an opportunity to establish potential business partnerships, while affording consumers a chance to shop and experience LG's diverse array of consumer products and futuristic technology.
This year, LG rolled out its ingenious Instaview refrigerator to the East Africa region. The Instaview refrigerator is world-renowned for its innovative glass panel, revolutionary knock-on feature that reduces cold air loss, and sleek, premium design. The company also unveiled the TwinWash machine, created with award-winning laundry technology that has ensured a niche for LG as one of the most trusted appliance brands in the East African region.
LG Electronics has been recognized globally for groundbreaking innovations in consumer technology, having embarked on energy saving products and Internet of Things which are the major home technology trends in the near future.


The online guide to the moths of Great Britain and Ireland. The ultimate aim of this site is to illustrate as many species of British moths as possible. Currently 2065 of these are featured, out of 2400 recorded on the British list.
Jeff's online image collection of over 950 species, of which over 740 have been recorded in his Suffolk garden. A comprehensive online image resource.
This excellent resource is the result of an on-going project, set up to photograph and record all the leaf mining fauna which occur in Britain.
Moths Count aims to encourage interest in moths throughout the UK and to establish an ongoing National Moth Recording Scheme to improve knowledge and conservation of the 900+ species of larger moths.
Dedicated to the conservation of butterflies and moths. Information about membership, events, sightings and news.
GMS encourages an interest in studying moths in gardens and in particular runs a monitoring scheme to plot the fortunes of common garden moths. In this way it helps measure the health of wildlife in our gardens and wider countryside.
LepIndex is a computerised and updated version of the Natural History Museum's (NHM) card index archive to the scientific names of the living and fossil butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of the world. When LepIndex is fully operational it will be the only comprehensive global catalogue of lepidoptera names; it will enable anyone with access to the Internet to quickly find information such as who named a butterfly or moth species and where the original description was published.
The Berkshire Moth Group was set up to encourage the recording and appreciation of moths in Berkshire .
Latest news and information on the Cornish moth scene.
A relaunched site for our neighbouring county who's stated purpose is "to bring together all those interested in moths in Dorset, and to promote the importance of moths as an indicator of bio-diversity and habitat health." Contains latest news, photos and details of events.
The Herts Moth Group is a voluntary group, of both professionals and amateurs, all of whom have an interest in moths in the county of Hertfordshire.
The site is an image archive of moths trapped or found in Leicestershire and Rutland (VC55). Contains a wide range of excellent photographs of many species which are also found in Hampshire.
Developed in association with the The Norfolk Moth Survey as a reference guide and photo archive for the moths of Norfolk. A well executed and feature rich site with interactive maps.
Set up to raise the profile and promote the recording of moths in Northamptonshire, it includes photographs, maps and profiles of most of the macro moths recorded in the county.
The home of the Somerset Moth Group, a website all about the moths of Somerset, UK. It was formed in 1989 by a band of local enthusiasts and recently made more formal with a constitution and member subscriptions.
The home of the Suffolk Moth Group, and this site provides an online guide to the moths of the county that can be viewed here. Also includes a flight-time guide and a testing online photographic quiz!
Species recorded in and around Las Descargues, the Lot, France. This is a lovely location, owned by Robin Howard, and the gite is available for rent.


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text:
Charting the Market Today
Stocks in the Spotlight Tuesday
Updated March 22, 2011 12:01 am ET / Original March 22, 2011 5:03 pm ET
Prana Biotechnology (PRAN)
The Australia-based neurological disease drug treatment company's American depositary receipts rocketed 36% on news that its medication PBT2 helped repair brain damage in mice with Alzheimer's disease in a study. The medicine also restored levels of proteins involved in learning and memory. ADRs of Prana Biotechnology traded at over one hundred times the average daily volume.
Molycorp (MCP)
The rare-earth miner's shares surged 18% on news that the industry will pick up as Japan rebuilds its old nuclear facilities and infrastructure. Analyst Anthony B. Rizzuto of Dahlman Rose & Co. wrote in a research report, "Most metals and mining equities were down last week with the overall market despite a rally in the final two days of the week. Meanwhile, the price of many metals and mineral commodities moved higher as reconstruction efforts in Japan are likely to boost long-term material demand." Rizzuto rates the company at Buy with a price target of $85.
BJ's Wholesale Club (BJ)
The big-box retailer's shares rose 5.0% on news that private-equity firm Leonard Green & Partners is in talks to potentially acquire BJ's. Analyst Brian Sozzi of Wall Street Strategies reiterated a Buy rating on BJ's with a price target of $53. "Essentially, Leonard Green will pour over the books of BJ's in order to weigh a more appropriate bid than the one likely put on the table late last year. The development in our view is a positive, indicating a fluid dialogue between the two companies that could very well result in a transaction," wrote Sozzi.
Walgreen (WAG)
The drugstore chain's shares fell 6.6% after posting a disappointing fiscal-second quarter. Raymond James analyst John W. Ransom maintained an Outperform rating with a price target of $45. "Overall, fiscal second-quarter results were relatively solid, but not as strong as the past couple quarters of reported upside," wrote Ransom.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/*  Title:      Pure/library.scala
    Author:     Makarius

Basic library.
*/

package isabelle

import scala.annotation.tailrec
import scala.collection.mutable
import scala.util.matching.Regex

object Library
{
  /* resource management */

  def using[A <: AutoCloseable, B](a: A)(f: A => B): B =
  {
    try { f(a) }
    finally { if (a != null) a.close() }
  }

  /* integers */

  private val small_int = 10000
  private lazy val small_int_table =
  {
    val array = new Array[String](small_int)
    for (i <- 0 until small_int) array(i) = i.toString
    array
  }

  def is_small_int(s: String): Boolean =
  {
    val len = s.length
    1 <= len && len <= 4 &&
    s.forall(c => '0' <= c && c <= '9') &&
    (len == 1 || s(0) != '0')
  }

  def signed_string_of_long(i: Long): String =
    if (0 <= i && i < small_int) small_int_table(i.toInt)
    else i.toString

  def signed_string_of_int(i: Int): String =
    if (0 <= i && i < small_int) small_int_table(i)
    else i.toString

  /* separated chunks */

  def separate[A](s: A, list: List[A]): List[A] =
  {
    val result = new mutable.ListBuffer[A]
    var first = true
    for (x <- list) {
      if (first) {
        first = false
        result += x
      }
      else {
        result += s
        result += x
      }
    }
    result.toList
  }

  def separated_chunks(sep: Char => Boolean, source: CharSequence): Iterator[CharSequence] =
    new Iterator[CharSequence] {
      private val end = source.length
      private def next_chunk(i: Int): Option[(CharSequence, Int)] =
      {
        if (i < end) {
          var j = i; do j += 1 while (j < end && !sep(source.charAt(j)))
          Some((source.subSequence(i + 1, j), j))
        }
        else None
      }
      private var state: Option[(CharSequence, Int)] = if (end == 0) None else next_chunk(-1)

      def hasNext(): Boolean = state.isDefined
      def next(): CharSequence =
        state match {
          case Some((s, i)) => state = next_chunk(i); s
          case None => Iterator.empty.next()
        }
    }

  def space_explode(sep: Char, str: String): List[String] =
    separated_chunks(_ == sep, str).map(_.toString).toList

  /* lines */

  def terminate_lines(lines: TraversableOnce[String]): String = lines.mkString("", "\n", "\n")

  def cat_lines(lines: TraversableOnce[String]): String = lines.mkString("\n")

  def split_lines(str: String): List[String] = space_explode('\n', str)

  def prefix_lines(prfx: String, str: String): String =
    if (str == "") str
    else cat_lines(split_lines(str).map(s => prfx + s))

  def first_line(source: CharSequence): String =
  {
    val lines = separated_chunks(_ == '\n', source)
    if (lines.hasNext) lines.next.toString
    else ""
  }

  def encode_lines(s: String): String = s.replace('\n', '\u000b')
  def decode_lines(s: String): String = s.replace('\u000b', '\n')

  /* strings */

  def make_string(f: StringBuilder => Unit): String =
  {
    val s = new StringBuilder
    f(s)
    s.toString
  }

  def try_unprefix(prfx: String, s: String): Option[String] =
    if (s.startsWith(prfx)) Some(s.substring(prfx.length)) else None

  def try_unsuffix(sffx: String, s: String): Option[String] =
    if (s.endsWith(sffx)) Some(s.substring(0, s.length - sffx.length)) else None

  def perhaps_unprefix(prfx: String, s: String): String = try_unprefix(prfx, s) getOrElse s
  def perhaps_unsuffix(sffx: String, s: String): String = try_unsuffix(sffx, s) getOrElse s

  def trim_line(s: String): String =
    if (s.endsWith("\r\n")) s.substring(0, s.length - 2)
    else if (s.endsWith("\r") || s.endsWith("\n")) s.substring(0, s.length - 1)
    else s

  def trim_split_lines(s: String): List[String] =
    split_lines(trim_line(s)).map(trim_line(_))

  def isolate_substring(s: String): String = new String(s.toCharArray)

  /* quote */

  def single_quote(s: String): String = "'" + s + "'"

  def quote(s: String): String = "\"" + s + "\""

  def try_unquote(s: String): Option[String] =
    if (s.startsWith("\"") && s.endsWith("\"")) Some(s.substring(1, s.length - 1))
    else None

  def perhaps_unquote(s: String): String = try_unquote(s) getOrElse s

  def commas(ss: Iterable[String]): String = ss.iterator.mkString(", ")
  def commas_quote(ss: Iterable[String]): String = ss.iterator.map(quote).mkString(", ")

  /* CharSequence */

  class Reverse(text: CharSequence, start: Int, end: Int) extends CharSequence
  {
    require(0 <= start && start <= end && end <= text.length)

    def this(text: CharSequence) = this(text, 0, text.length)

    def length: Int = end - start
    def charAt(i: Int): Char = text.charAt(end - i - 1)

    def subSequence(i: Int, j: Int): CharSequence =
      if (0 <= i && i <= j && j <= length) new Reverse(text, end - j, end - i)
      else throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException

    override def toString: String =
    {
      val buf = new StringBuilder(length)
      for (i <- 0 until length)
        buf.append(charAt(i))
      buf.toString
    }
  }

  class Line_Termination(text: CharSequence) extends CharSequence
  {
    def length: Int = text.length + 1
    def charAt(i: Int): Char = if (i == text.length) '\n' else text.charAt(i)
    def subSequence(i: Int, j: Int): CharSequence =
      if (j == text.length + 1) new Line_Termination(text.subSequence(i, j - 1))
      else text.subSequence(i, j)
    override def toString: String = text.toString + "\n"
  }

  /* regular expressions */

  def make_regex(s: String): Option[Regex] =
    try { Some(new Regex(s)) } catch { case ERROR(_) => None }

  def is_regex_meta(c: Char): Boolean = """()[]{}\^$|?*+.<>-=!""".contains(c)

  def escape_regex(s: String): String =
    if (s.exists(is_regex_meta(_))) {
      (for (c <- s.iterator)
       yield { if (is_regex_meta(c)) "\\" + c.toString else c.toString }).mkString
    }
    else s

  /* lists */

  def take_prefix[A](pred: A => Boolean, xs: List[A]): (List[A], List[A]) =
    (xs.takeWhile(pred), xs.dropWhile(pred))

  def take_suffix[A](pred: A => Boolean, xs: List[A]): (List[A], List[A]) =
  {
    val rev_xs = xs.reverse
    (rev_xs.dropWhile(pred).reverse, rev_xs.takeWhile(pred).reverse)
  }

  def trim[A](pred: A => Boolean, xs: List[A]): List[A] =
    take_suffix(pred, take_prefix(pred, xs)._2)._1

  def member[A, B](xs: List[A])(x: B): Boolean = xs.contains(x)
  def insert[A](x: A)(xs: List[A]): List[A] = if (xs.contains(x)) xs else x :: xs
  def remove[A, B](x: B)(xs: List[A]): List[A] = if (member(xs)(x)) xs.filterNot(_ == x) else xs
  def update[A](x: A)(xs: List[A]): List[A] = x :: remove(x)(xs)

  def merge[A](xs: List[A], ys: List[A]): List[A] =
    if (xs.eq(ys)) xs
    else if (xs.isEmpty) ys
    else ys.foldRight(xs)(Library.insert(_)(_))

  def distinct[A](xs: List[A], eq: (A, A) => Boolean = (x: A, y: A) => x == y): List[A] =
  {
    val result = new mutable.ListBuffer[A]
    xs.foreach(x => if (!result.exists(y => eq(x, y))) result += x)
    result.toList
  }

  def duplicates[A](lst: List[A], eq: (A, A) => Boolean = (x: A, y: A) => x == y): List[A] =
  {
    val result = new mutable.ListBuffer[A]
    @tailrec def dups(rest: List[A]): Unit =
      rest match {
        case Nil =>
        case x :: xs =>
          if (!result.exists(y => eq(x, y)) && xs.exists(y => eq(x, y))) result += x
          dups(xs)
      }
    dups(lst)
    result.toList
  }

  def replicate[A](n: Int, a: A): List[A] =
    if (n < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException
    else if (n == 0) Nil
    else {
      val res = new mutable.ListBuffer[A]
      (1 to n).foreach(_ => res += a)
      res.toList
    }

  /* proper values */

  def proper[A](x: A): Option[A] =
    if (x == null) None else Some(x)

  def proper_string(s: String): Option[String] =
    if (s == null || s == "") None else Some(s)

  def proper_list[A](list: List[A]): Option[List[A]] =
    if (list == null || list.isEmpty) None else Some(list)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Treatment options and costs will be reviewed with you before any dental procedure is initiated. Payment is expected at the time when service is rendered. We offer extended payment through Care Credit with GE Financial and accept most major credit cards, checks, and cash. A $50 fee will be charged for any returned/declined check or credit card payments.


On stuff-ups and rolling hitches.
If you are the sort of sailor who never makes mistakes, checks everything twice, always hooks on the kiteSailors' slang for a spinnaker the right way round – a golden haired favourite of every skipper – read no further. If, like me, you get things wrong bigtime every now and again, there may be something in this for you. Stuff-ups usually start with simple mistakes that compound to the point, sometimes, when they can become dangerous.
I have just been there. We were poled out on the port tack. It's a black night now with cloud covering the moon. An hour ago, I pulled in a new gribWeather files. Graphics in Binary file: GRIB files associate a specific weather datum (eg wind velocity or atmospheric pressure) with a geographic position. Because the resulting file is a collection of these points they are extremely small and so ideal over slow links such as sailmail. file and decided that we need to keep our options open and head further south. Pete snoring happily, as he mostly is when I'm writing to you. I assessed the situation and decide that I could just take the pole off and gybeGybe - A sailing term for turning the boat so that the stern passes through the wind. Potentially dangerous if not controlled because the wind can fill an uncontrolled mainsail from the wrong side and crash it across the boat, possibly causing damage to the rig and anyone getting in the way. the main and we'd sail in the right direction. I was wrong and, having got the pole off, done the gybeGybe - A sailing term for turning the boat so that the stern passes through the wind. Potentially dangerous if not controlled because the wind can fill an uncontrolled mainsail from the wrong side and crash it across the boat, possibly causing damage to the rig and anyone getting in the way. and discovered how wrong I was, I had a bit of a handful to sort out. Basically, we needed the pole set up on the other side and I had no easy way of doing it by that time. I set up the boat to sail off the wind on the starboard tack with the preventer on and went forward to rig the pole on the other side. No problem so far. Think – check sheets etc – so rerun the starboard jib sheet through the outer block and hoist the pole. Set the boat up downwind and gybeGybe - A sailing term for turning the boat so that the stern passes through the wind. Potentially dangerous if not controlled because the wind can fill an uncontrolled mainsail from the wrong side and crash it across the boat, possibly causing damage to the rig and anyone getting in the way. the jib. It came across ok but the jockey pole had been stowed over the top of the downhaul. Not a showstopper but a nuisance needing to be fixed. Set up the new sheet and grind it on and discover that I have made basic error in rerunning the sheet, so that it is through two cars and around the lifelines. Sheet by this time like a metal bar pulling the boat along at six knots in heavy rolling sea and bending the lifelines. Way beyond any simple fix by hand. What to do – undoing the gybeGybe - A sailing term for turning the boat so that the stern passes through the wind. Potentially dangerous if not controlled because the wind can fill an uncontrolled mainsail from the wrong side and crash it across the boat, possibly causing damage to the rig and anyone getting in the way. seemed the obvious fix, but another 20 minutes work redoing all that I'd just undone.
Enter the rolling hitch – a wonderful knot-- Speed: definition of speed at sea. One knot is one nautical mile per hour. The nautical mile is about 1.15 % longer than the "statute" mile used on land. A knot is about half a metre per second. -- A knot is also the result of winding a rope around itself or another rope to make a join or a loop . that most sailors never use and can't tie. It is a very simple three turn knot-- Speed: definition of speed at sea. One knot is one nautical mile per hour. The nautical mile is about 1.15 % longer than the "statute" mile used on land. A knot is about half a metre per second. -- A knot is also the result of winding a rope around itself or another rope to make a join or a loop . that you tie with a second line around a rope under tension, (or a pole or a bar), and the second line locks onto the first when you tighten it and can then can be used to substitute for the first from the point of attachment.
So there I was – jib sheet under tension and I had to get the tension off the end of it so that I could sort the mess and keep the sail working. I tied a rolling hitch around the sheet forward of my little bit of spaghetti using a short length of 6mm spectraSpectra™ : - a highly modified polyethylene fibre with many applications such as ropes and sails and led the spectraSpectra™ : - a highly modified polyethylene fibre with many applications such as ropes and sails back to a halyard winch and tightened it. It took up the strain and started to pull the boat along and I was able to unravel the now free tail of the sheet, put it back through the correct block and grind it onto its own winch before releasing the spectraSpectra™ : - a highly modified polyethylene fibre with many applications such as ropes and sails strop. Cosy, but you gotta know how to tie a rolling hitch. In the dark. First time. Go practise, if you are planning to come this way – it could get you out of serious trouble. The standard stuff up when it comes in useful is when you get a jammed riding turn around a winch. Teach it to your kids.


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Register for Carolina Tix / Email Club / My Account / Sign Up for Email
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Apr 11 , 2020 • McGlohon Theater
Prices begin at $24.50
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Storm Large: musician, actor, playwright, author, awesome. She shot to national prominence as a contestant on the CBS show Rock Star: Supernova, where despite having been eliminated in the semifinals, Storm built a fan base that continues to follow her around the world.
Career highlights include performances with the San Francisco, Pittsburgh, Houston, Toronto, Baltimore, BBC, Phoenix, and Vancouver Symphonies, and her Carnegie Hall debut singing Weill's Seven Deadly Sins with the Detroit Symphony. Storm debuted with the band Pink Martini in 2011, singing four sold-out concerts with the National Symphony Orchestra at the Kennedy Center. She continues to tour internationally with the band and was featured on their album Get Happy.
Storm's musical memoir, Crazy Enough, played to packed houses during its unprecedented 21-week sold-out run. Her memoir, Crazy Enough, was named Oprah's Book of the Week and awarded the 2013 Oregon Book Award for Creative Nonfiction.
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text:
Post on September 01, 2015 from our Patient & Family, Central America
Living Life to the Fullest, With or Without Cancer
Twenty-five–year-old Fernando was visiting his aunt in Honduras when, one day, he awoke with a sharp pain near his rib cage. This incident sparked numerous blood tests and doctor visits, when ultimately Fernando was referred to a hospital in New Orleans. Fernando was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)–the most common cancer diagnosed in children.
Fernando was later enrolled into an ALL protocol at the National Cancer Institute.
He says, "I remember the day as if it were yesterday. March 13, 2013 was my first visit to the NIH." His first visit made him extremely nervous, but felt Fernando was immediately comforted when he walked through the doors of The Children's Inn. "Everyone feels like family, and the staff provides a safe place for you to be you," Fernando explains.
The Inn has been Fernando's second home. In the last two years, he's made a total of 20 visits to The Inn, sometimes by himself, for up to two months at a time. He is by far one of the most popular residents. It's not unusual to see Fernando gathering families for programs, bonding with other patients, engaging with staff, or playing with little ones. Fernando's positive outlook and his motto of living life to the fullest is an inspiration to all.
It can be difficult to spend quality time with family because of the long days at the clinical center, but Fernando says The Inn makes it easy by providing family programs every evening. Some of his favorite Inn activities include Bingo, Young Adult Night Out (YANO), Family Dinners, and most recently, the Respite Weekend in Washington, DC. "The activities allow my family to get to know other families, and I get the opportunity to interact with kids and young adults experiencing the same things as me," Fernando says.


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Reprezentacja Etiopii U-17 w piłce nożnej jest juniorską reprezentacją Etiopii zgłaszaną przez EFF. Mogą w niej występować wyłącznie zawodnicy posiadający obywatelstwo etiopskie, urodzeni w Etiopii lub legitymujący się etiopskim pochodzeniem i którzy w momencie przeprowadzania imprezy docelowej (finałów Mistrzostw Afryki lub Mistrzostw Świata) nie przekroczyli 17. roku życia.

Występy w mistrzostwach świata
 1985: Nie brała udziału
 1987: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 1989: Nie brała udziału
 1991: Nie brała udziału
 1993: Nie brała udziału
 1995: Nie brała udziału
 1997: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 1999: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2001: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2003: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2005: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2007: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2009: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2011: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2013: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2015: Nie zakwalifikowała się

Występy w mistrzostwach Afryki
 1995: Nie brała udziału
 1997: 4. miejsce
 1999: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2001: Faza grupowa
 2003: Faza grupowa
 2005: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2007: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2009: Nie brała udziału
 2011: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2013: Nie zakwalifikowała się
 2015: Nie zakwalifikowała się

Linki zewnętrzne

Piłkarskie reprezentacje narodowe U-17
Reprezentacja Etiopii w piłce nożnej

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Are you looking for corporate travel agents that will take care of every aspect of your trip, no matter how complex? Sign on with WorldTravelService®! We specialize in providing seamless solutions for all of your business travel needs, from the mundane to the multifaceted. We serve businesses all over the Mid-Atlantic, from Washington, DC to Virginia to Maryland to North Carolina and New Jersey.
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As a WorldTravelService® business travel client, you will be escorted to your destination and back again by a network of highly experienced corporate travel agents and technological systems that will track and manage every detail of your itinerary. You will never be lost, stuck, overcharged, or unable to get immediate assistance while you are in our care! If you're seeking services for corporate travel in DC or beyond, you can count on us.
We are partnered with the largest global distribution system, which is used by 70 of the world's leading airlines, including Air France, British Airways, Lufthansa, and United. Our partnership gives us access to a nearly unlimited range of route options, discounts, amenities, and other perks that consumers and unaffiliated agencies are not afforded.
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Become a WorldTravelService® corporate travel client today and discover why our clients in the DMV and throughout the Mid-Atlantic call us "simply the best." Contact us to learn how and get in touch with business travel agents today!


There are plenty of ways you can get involved and raise some money, using your own interests.
A fantastic example is keen cyclists that of Duncan Bryson and Patrick Cox, who did their bit to support the project by organising a sponsored bike ride from Lands End to John O'Groats in 10 days, that's around 100 miles a day! Apparently there were gruelling moments, but the lads were powered up with hope! They raised more than £800 between them which, at the time, was nearly enough to pay for one teacher for an entire year!
Other fundraisers organise more musical events, such as the Acoustic Charity Gig in December 2013, which featured Los Politoricos, Phil Franey and GladEyes and raised £340!
Another great example is the Medieval Iberian Evening from November 2015, which combined Arabic-Andalusian lute playing, stories from Christian Spain and Medieval riddles and raised £125.


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Home/Tag: savings
How To Become a Tax-Free Millionaire
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-07-17T05:55:42+00:00July 17th, 2019|Savings|
This year marks the 20th year of ISAs. ISAs are [...]
Will You Get A Card From The Queen?
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-06-18T22:00:59+00:00July 8th, 2019|Finances 101|
In 1917 George V sent a card to every centenarian [...]
Money Goals That Enrich Your Life
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T10:36:18+00:00December 21st, 2018|Savings|
It's Starting To Feel A lot Like Christmas
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T10:36:07+00:00December 14th, 2018|Savings|
Saving Money On Holiday
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T10:31:42+00:00August 1st, 2018|Savings|
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T10:04:56+00:00January 12th, 2018|Savings|
Money Madness – How to Stay In The Black.
Finances 101, Savings
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T10:38:23+00:00August 16th, 2017|Finances 101, Savings|
Where Should You Keep Your Secret Stash
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T17:11:49+00:00August 8th, 2017|Savings|
Are You One of the UK's Highest Earners? What To Do About Your Tax If You Are.
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T15:19:17+00:00May 11th, 2017|Tax|
Will You Become The Bank Of Mum And Dad?
By Lisa Conway-Hughes|2019-04-08T15:18:45+00:00April 18th, 2017|Savings|


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Former luxury car mechanic works on watches at The Watch Shop (slideshow)
Updated Jan 14, 2019; Posted Jul 26, 2012
Daniel Bailey's Watch Repair Shop
Gallery: Daniel Bailey's Watch Repair Shop
By Stan Diel
BIRMINGHAM, Alabama -- Daniel Bailey used to spend days in his Southside auto shop making cars run like Swiss watches. Now he spends his days there making Swiss watches run like Swiss watches.
The former high-end auto mechanic and restorer, who worked on Ferrari, Aston Martin, Rolls Royce and other luxury brands at Bailey's on Third Avenue South, was sidelined by an accident in 1998 and took up watch repair to pass the time. Eventually, he said, the auto restoration and service business became the hobby, and watch repair became the business. He opened The Watch Shop Inc. in 2005.
"I got into this watch thing purely because I was bored," he said.
Rather than move to a new location, he converted the auto shop's $72,000 paint room to a work area for watch repair, and that's now surrounded by a lifetime collection of automobile ephemera.
"Everything is for sale," he said. "The prices are a function of my mood."
A portion of the shop was converted to a residence, where he lives with his wife, criminal defense attorney Talitha Powers Bailey. The shop, at 2517 Third Ave. South, sits behind a locked gate originally meant to keep $100,000-cars secure, and Bailey encourages customers to call before visiting.
Bailey said it didn't take him long to figure out he'd enjoy working on watches, and he's never regretted reinventing himself.
"I looked at a watch and I said, 'a watch is a four-speed transmission!' I understood how it works."
Join the conversation by clicking to comment or email Diel at sdiel@bhamnews.com.


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package prowjobs

const (
	// GroupName defines the API group identifier for prow types.
	GroupName = "prow.k8s.io"
)


From their selection of material and media, to collaborations and conceptual works, The Invisible Dog's 33 international artists pay homage to the inspiring environment in which they evolve – creating a collective exhibition to unite their diverse skills under one theme. Only 4 years old, The Invisible Dog has already established itself as a pioneer in housing avant-gardist programming and artists. Not only does the Invisible Dog challenge our preconceptions of art and presentation, but it attempts to do so in every possible medium and discipline, as a supportive space for plays, contemporary dance, music, conferences, contemporary art exhibitions and artists of all kinds. The artists share and mix their creative juice to produce a unique flavor of culture. A metaphor for this dynamic community, Hive demonstrates how individuals of such vast talents flourish together.
In addition, The 4th Annual Artists' Open Studios of all Invisible Dog artists-in-residence. Once a year (and only once a year), we open our artists' studios to the public. Don't miss this rare opportunity to see what everyone has spent the year working on.
2014 Featured Artists: Douglas Adesko, Vanessa Belli, Juan Alfaro, Bina Altera, Jon Burgerman, Julia Cocuzza, Sathya Balakumar, Gabe Benzur, Malcolm Brown, Chong Gon Byun, Dean Dalfonzo, Dillon DeWaters, Aaron Freed, Maria Gracia Donoso, Sarah Feehily, Ryan Frank, Camille de Galbert, Pascale Gueracague, Nemo Hoffman, Nancy Hubbard, Oliver Jeffers, Kiya Kim, Anna Levikova, Anne Mourier, Prune Nourry, Mac Premo, Claudia Paneca, Sarah Palmer, Xavier Roux, Aaron Ruff, Ian Trask, Kevin Waldron & Susan Weinthaler.


text:
Q: formtastic with spree check_boxes using collection not saving checked items in edit form I am using formtastic-2.2.1, Spree 1.3 and Rails 3.2.18.
This in my form input that I am having issues with:
  = f.input :collection_products, :as => :check_boxes, :label => false, :collection => Spree::Product.order("name").all

The issue I am having is when I create a new collection_page and hit edit previously selected items are unselected in the edit form, all the other inputs are working as expected.
I've tried it with a simple collection, like :collection => ["x", "y", "z"]
ie:. If I select "x", "y" and try to edit it, they are no longer selected.
Collection Page model:
class CollectionPage < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many :spree_products, :class_name => Spree::Product

and added belongs_to :spree_collection_pagesto product_decorator.rb
I'm having the exact same issue as formtastic check_boxes using collection not saving checked items in edit form
Would be awesome if someone can help out!
Thanks a lot.

A: I ended up solving it by using simple_form instead and did the following on my form:
= f.association :spree_products, :collection => Spree::Product.order("name").all, :prompt => "Choose products for this collection"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Artists / Drumset
Charlie Cooley
GROUP: MANTECA
http://www.charliecooley.com
Charlie Cooley is one of Canada's most in-demand drummers. He has performed and/or recorded with such artists as: Leonard Cohen, The Guess Who, Randy Brecker, Kellylee Evans, Long John Baldry, Anne Murray, Sass Jordan,
Amanda Marshall, and The Blues Brothers (musical director – Paul Shaffer) Charlie is also a member of the Juno Award winning world beat jazz ensemble Manteca. Manteca has performed in many territories around the world including The North Sea Jazz Festival in the Netherlands (Holland), The Canadian Pavilion at Expo in Seville, Spain, The Aspen Jazz Festival, The Playboy Jazz Festival at The Hollywood Bowl and The Pori Jazz Festival in Finland.
Charlie has been the in-house drummer for many of Canada's award shows such as The Juno Awards, The East Coast Music Awards, The Gemini Awards, The Canadian Country Music Awards, and the Canada Day Celebrations from Parliament Hill (CBC)
"When I'm playing music – in whatever situation – I'm thinking – what can I do best to support the music? My goal is to help the composition speak directly to the listener."
Charlie Cooley's News
Canadian Ar Report
While on a family vacation in eastern Canada, Windsor, ON native Terry Lesperance travelled to Meductic, New Brunswick to visit the SABIAN factory.
Charlie Cooley Update
The fall of 2007 is shaping up to be quite busy for Toronto based drummer Charlie Cooley. Charlie will be performing four shows this fall with Juno a
The latest in:
• product reviews
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• industry news
SABIAN introduce 10″ XSR Mini-hats
SABIAN adds HHX Complex models to its B&O range
Happy 90th Birthday, Ian Turnbull!
Sabian proudly declares Black Lives Matter
Artist, Community, Global News, News
New Chick Corea Limited Edition Royalty Ride – History Remade
New HHX Complex O-Zone Crashes and HHX Complex Medium Rides


Like most semesters, I assign a lot of writing despite my heavy teaching load. However, this semester I have spent a bit more time discussing what makes social science writing different from what they might have encountered in other classes (e.g. why MLA is inappropriate for our class). This blog post will discuss some of my concerns and thoughts regarding teaching social science writing.
A few premises I want to get out of the way. I think effective writing across the disciplines is important. There are a lot of issues with student writing. For example, political scientist Michael Allen has a good post on passive voice. Like Steven Pinker, I'm against academic gobbledygook. I understand that basic skills in writing and research are difficult to learn and just as difficult to teach. For instance, at Kutztown, the other sociology faculty and I created a guide to writing academic (sociology) papers on our webpage. However, a persistent problem is the lack of discipline specific training in writing.
My goal is to make students not just critical thinkers, but much more rigorous thinkers. Not only do I want my students to be better communicators, I want them to be accurate writers. So here are just some of the issues I encounter every year that is specifically tied to social science writing.
We live in a world where good writing is often more important than good research. As Michael Chabris explains on Salon, popular nonfiction work such as Malcolm Gladwell's fails to meet the rigor social science. A criticism of Gladwell is his cherry picking of studies. Our students do something similar. They find a quote in a text to 'augment' their writing (rather than build an argument based on existing research results and methods, or theory). When I've asked students to construct literature reviews, very few actually survey the research. Most structure their literature reviews author-by-author plugging in quotes that include the terms and concepts they want to write about. Here the quote is a crutch. They're augmenting their writing rather than building a foundation for an argument that is grounded in the research. That's not to say what my students are writing aren't relevant, interesting or significant. However, the way they are using sources tends to emphasize the significance of what they are saying, rather than provide evidence that what they are saying is reliable and valid.
Sociologist Robert Merton in his classic work Social Theory & Social Structure, discusses (or grossly generalizes) different approaches to research. For example, Merton suggested that, Europeans take the position: "We don't know that what we say is true, but it is at least significant." While the Americans take the position: "We don't know that what we say is particularly significant, but it is at least true" (pp. 494-495). As a qualitative and critical researcher with postmodern inclinations, I tend to agree with criticisms of positivist social science. However, I believe that significance (or social relevance) and truth (validity/reliability) are both important. The balance of those two sides in research is what makes us social scientists.
When my students write about inequality, they do a fairly good job emphasizing it as a social problem. However, a common problem is that many will mention things such as racial segregation in the United States and slums in the developing world in the same paper. There's no unit of analysis. There's also no sense of level or scale. This is linked to the aforementioned problem of precision, validity and reliability. However, it is also connected to the disconnect between course content (information) and the notion of research. Student papers spend a lot of time reporting facts, rather than transforming that information into data that can be analyzed. In other words, writing doesn't just open up discussions of social problems, but is part of operationalizing research.
While I verbally address many of these problems in class, I feel that I could (or should) do much more over the course of the semester. As this semester wraps up, it's time to head back to the drawing board to come up with new ways to encourage better social science writing in my courses.