text:
#ifndef _LINUX_OPENPIC_H
#define _LINUX_OPENPIC_H

#ifdef __KERNEL__

    /*
     *  OpenPIC supports up to 2048 interrupt sources and up to 32 processors
     */

#define OPENPIC_MAX_SOURCES	2048
#define OPENPIC_MAX_PROCESSORS	32
#define OPENPIC_MAX_ISU		16

#define OPENPIC_NUM_TIMERS	4
#define OPENPIC_NUM_IPI		4
#define OPENPIC_NUM_PRI		16
#define OPENPIC_NUM_VECTORS	256

    /*
     *  OpenPIC Registers are 32 bits and aligned on 128 bit boundaries
     */

typedef struct _OpenPIC_Reg {
    u_int Reg;					/* Little endian! */
    char Pad[0xc];
} OpenPIC_Reg;

    /*
     *  Per Processor Registers
     */

typedef struct _OpenPIC_Processor {
    /*
     *  Private Shadow Registers (for SLiC backwards compatibility)
     */
    u_int IPI0_Dispatch_Shadow;			/* Write Only */
    char Pad1[0x4];
    u_int IPI0_Vector_Priority_Shadow;		/* Read/Write */
    char Pad2[0x34];
    /*
     *  Interprocessor Interrupt Command Ports
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _IPI_Dispatch[OPENPIC_NUM_IPI];	/* Write Only */
    /*
     *  Current Task Priority Register
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Current_Task_Priority;		/* Read/Write */
    char Pad3[0x10];
    /*
     *  Interrupt Acknowledge Register
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Interrupt_Acknowledge;		/* Read Only */
    /*
     *  End of Interrupt (EOI) Register
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _EOI;				/* Read/Write */
    char Pad5[0xf40];
} OpenPIC_Processor;

    /*
     *  Timer Registers
     */

typedef struct _OpenPIC_Timer {
    OpenPIC_Reg _Current_Count;			/* Read Only */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Base_Count;			/* Read/Write */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Vector_Priority;		/* Read/Write */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Destination;			/* Read/Write */
} OpenPIC_Timer;

    /*
     *  Global Registers
     */

typedef struct _OpenPIC_Global {
    /*
     *  Feature Reporting Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Feature_Reporting0;		/* Read Only */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Feature_Reporting1;		/* Future Expansion */
    /*
     *  Global Configuration Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Global_Configuration0;		/* Read/Write */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Global_Configuration1;		/* Future Expansion */
    /*
     *  Vendor Specific Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Vendor_Specific[4];
    /*
     *  Vendor Identification Register
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Vendor_Identification;		/* Read Only */
    /*
     *  Processor Initialization Register
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Processor_Initialization;	/* Read/Write */
    /*
     *  IPI Vector/Priority Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _IPI_Vector_Priority[OPENPIC_NUM_IPI];	/* Read/Write */
    /*
     *  Spurious Vector Register
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Spurious_Vector;		/* Read/Write */
    /*
     *  Global Timer Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Timer_Frequency;		/* Read/Write */
    OpenPIC_Timer Timer[OPENPIC_NUM_TIMERS];
    char Pad1[0xee00];
} OpenPIC_Global;

    /*
     *  Interrupt Source Registers
     */

typedef struct _OpenPIC_Source {
    OpenPIC_Reg _Vector_Priority;		/* Read/Write */
    OpenPIC_Reg _Destination;			/* Read/Write */
} OpenPIC_Source, *OpenPIC_SourcePtr;

    /*
     *  OpenPIC Register Map
     */

struct OpenPIC {
    char Pad1[0x1000];
    /*
     *  Global Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Global Global;
    /*
     *  Interrupt Source Configuration Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Source Source[OPENPIC_MAX_SOURCES];
    /*
     *  Per Processor Registers
     */
    OpenPIC_Processor Processor[OPENPIC_MAX_PROCESSORS];
};

    /*
     *  Current Task Priority Register
     */

#define OPENPIC_CURRENT_TASK_PRIORITY_MASK	0x0000000f

    /*
     *  Who Am I Register
     */

#define OPENPIC_WHO_AM_I_ID_MASK		0x0000001f

    /*
     *  Feature Reporting Register 0
     */

#define OPENPIC_FEATURE_LAST_SOURCE_MASK	0x07ff0000
#define OPENPIC_FEATURE_LAST_SOURCE_SHIFT	16
#define OPENPIC_FEATURE_LAST_PROCESSOR_MASK	0x00001f00
#define OPENPIC_FEATURE_LAST_PROCESSOR_SHIFT	8
#define OPENPIC_FEATURE_VERSION_MASK		0x000000ff

    /*
     *  Global Configuration Register 0
     */

#define OPENPIC_CONFIG_RESET			0x80000000
#define OPENPIC_CONFIG_8259_PASSTHROUGH_DISABLE	0x20000000
#define OPENPIC_CONFIG_BASE_MASK		0x000fffff

    /*
     *  Global Configuration Register 1
     *  This is the EICR on EPICs.
     */

#define OPENPIC_EICR_S_CLK_MASK			0x70000000
#define OPENPIC_EICR_SIE			0x08000000

    /*
     *  Vendor Identification Register
     */

#define OPENPIC_VENDOR_ID_STEPPING_MASK		0x00ff0000
#define OPENPIC_VENDOR_ID_STEPPING_SHIFT	16
#define OPENPIC_VENDOR_ID_DEVICE_ID_MASK	0x0000ff00
#define OPENPIC_VENDOR_ID_DEVICE_ID_SHIFT	8
#define OPENPIC_VENDOR_ID_VENDOR_ID_MASK	0x000000ff

    /*
     *  Vector/Priority Registers
     */

#define OPENPIC_MASK				0x80000000
#define OPENPIC_ACTIVITY			0x40000000	/* Read Only */
#define OPENPIC_PRIORITY_MASK			0x000f0000
#define OPENPIC_PRIORITY_SHIFT			16
#define OPENPIC_VECTOR_MASK			0x000000ff

    /*
     *  Interrupt Source Registers
     */

#define OPENPIC_POLARITY_POSITIVE		0x00800000
#define OPENPIC_POLARITY_NEGATIVE		0x00000000
#define OPENPIC_POLARITY_MASK			0x00800000
#define OPENPIC_SENSE_LEVEL			0x00400000
#define OPENPIC_SENSE_EDGE			0x00000000
#define OPENPIC_SENSE_MASK			0x00400000

    /*
     *  Timer Registers
     */

#define OPENPIC_COUNT_MASK			0x7fffffff
#define OPENPIC_TIMER_TOGGLE			0x80000000
#define OPENPIC_TIMER_COUNT_INHIBIT		0x80000000

    /*
     *  Aliases to make life simpler
     */

/* Per Processor Registers */
#define IPI_Dispatch(i)			_IPI_Dispatch[i].Reg
#define Current_Task_Priority		_Current_Task_Priority.Reg
#define Interrupt_Acknowledge		_Interrupt_Acknowledge.Reg
#define EOI				_EOI.Reg

/* Global Registers */
#define Feature_Reporting0		_Feature_Reporting0.Reg
#define Feature_Reporting1		_Feature_Reporting1.Reg
#define Global_Configuration0		_Global_Configuration0.Reg
#define Global_Configuration1		_Global_Configuration1.Reg
#define Vendor_Specific(i)		_Vendor_Specific[i].Reg
#define Vendor_Identification		_Vendor_Identification.Reg
#define Processor_Initialization	_Processor_Initialization.Reg
#define IPI_Vector_Priority(i)		_IPI_Vector_Priority[i].Reg
#define Spurious_Vector			_Spurious_Vector.Reg
#define Timer_Frequency			_Timer_Frequency.Reg

/* Timer Registers */
#define Current_Count			_Current_Count.Reg
#define Base_Count			_Base_Count.Reg
#define Vector_Priority			_Vector_Priority.Reg
#define Destination			_Destination.Reg

/* Interrupt Source Registers */
#define Vector_Priority			_Vector_Priority.Reg
#define Destination			_Destination.Reg

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */

#endif /* _LINUX_OPENPIC_H */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Click image to see larger version. Photo by Michael Brunk.
I'm bothered about one of the participants in yesterday's parade, Dave Christie, a "Larouche Democrat." He and his contingent carried a very large "IMPEACH OBAMA" sign. I believe that no matter where you are politically, to advertise such a sentiment toward our current President in a community celebration of our country is completely inappropriate.
Worse, my four-year old was handed a pamphlet by this group, which contained the infamous and ridiculously offensive picture of Obama with the Hitler-stache that the LaRouchies love so much. While I was busy being angry about the large sign, my son handed me the pamphlet, opened to that picture, and said "look, Mom!" He is well aware of who our President is and was amused and confused by it. I said "I'll take that, those people are yucky." Infuriating.
Just wanted to share my thoughts; I guess others would argue it's a matter of free speech, something I am also grateful for.
It was a wonderful opportunity to support the president and talk to your son about free speech, and that everyone is entitiled to an opinion, any often that opinion will be different than yours. It's unfortunate that people with a different opinion are labled as yucky in your world. I dont agree with thier values, either.
I agree with Laurel Humphrey. I believe we can profess our opinions, but we should not be disrespecting our current president in our community parade.
Exactly! They are totally lame for handing stuff like that out to kids and not the parents. And I don't like it when that group gets all pushy and aggressive on me when I'm just trying to take care of business at the post office too. The way some of those people act IS yucky.
I attended the parade as well and was also shocked to see this group in the mix. I felt it was highly innapporpriate for this group to be a part of the parade yesterday. I understand that everyone is entitled to have their opinions and share them – I just don't feel that yesterday's community parade was the time nor the place to share their opinion. I know that it brought an instant negative vibe to myself as well as the others I was with.
I'm glad to see this letter. I felt a similar discomfort, but didn't want to make a big deal about it in front of my 8 and 2-year old kids. I just waited to make eye contact, then gave the guy a thumbs down. He smiled back and gave me a thumbs up. While it's not an amazing example of productive discourse, it's an example of silent civility, right?
My family benefits immensely from the work of civil rights activists and first amendment proponents, so I don't want to censor those who choose to express an unpopular opinion. But… I wish that everyone could just agree that it's not okay to liken anyone to Hitler. Not President Obama OR President George W Bush.
I would rather live in a society that lets the 'benign' nut jobs march in parades than one that limits free speech AND I wish those LaRouchies would shut the eff up.
I like what Bree wrote and what Eric wrote so I'm jumping in between them. The LaRouche crowd actually disgusts me (and I totally agree that I"m sick of being accosted aggressively at the PO). But there you go: what Bree and Eric said. Though I do wonder if there can't be criteria established for the parade that would limit it to positive participants who want to celebrate democracy instead of smirking and sneering at it all the time? (My Dad was in the Marine Corps for many years and has had a lifelong reputation for being the prototypical "steely eyed missle man." The only time in my entire life I saw him lose his cool–and in a big way–was when he was trying to get by LaRouche people to get into the Post Office.) But who gets to say where that line gets drawn, I dunno. For example: I *clearly* draw my line in terms of offending other people in a very different place than many of the residents of my neighborhood when it comes to what is and is not a celebratory and positive sort of fireworks activity to do in your yard/street. And there were lots of campaign banners in that parade: some may find Jim McDermott banners and campaigners more offensive than LaRouche supporters and banners. Democracy is hard work.
I do not agree with the message and the likeness of the President as Hitler. Hate is hate. But if you want free speech, it must be free speech for even messages I do not like. It must be speech for messages of hate even on the 4th of July.
The Founders believed that speech should be free and that messages of hate will be seen as such in the market place of ideas. Productive speech would win a following, while hate speech would not. Judging from the comments before my comment the Founders were right. This speech did not win over followers, but I am glad to live in a Country where free speech, even this speech, can take place.
I completely understand how Laurel feels. For over 7 years I was exposed on a daily basis to vicious, ugly, lying hate messages about our President George W. Bush. The hate and lies from the left was unrelenting and filled with incredible poison.
I did not know that so many people had so much hate in their heart.
So yes, even though I disagree with the current President about his attempts to turn us into a socialist country, I completely disagree with telling lies about him.
The hateful ugliness spewed by those on the left has shown me that I need to stick with facts and data, not lies and hate. The truth is coming out. It cannot be surpressed even by the big media machine.
Gee, no agenda here, huh?
Loren hit it out of the Park, notice that it was Democrates defacing Obama. As For the child getting a pamphlet, he probably picked it up off the ground when Mom wasn't looking, He's smart and was doing his part to pick up litter!
Interesting you cite "facts and data." Would you care to exactly specify how President Obama is making us into a socialist country?
I would very much rather hear what a candidate is FOR- and specific plans on how to do it. This kind of negative campaigning is an immediate cause for me to avoid that candidate like the plague. No ideas yourself? Sling some mud.
I also think that a community parade should focus on positive messages. This particular group is just this side of white-supremacist.
Larouchie's are weirdos. Laurel Rocks.
HATE is never attractive. I think it is interesting that the persons employing HATE into their campaign are trying to draw a parallel between their target and Hitler when in fact it was HATRED that fueled Hitler's campaign in the 30's and 40's.
Hateful behavior is generally born of fear and ignorance.
Perhaps, instead of attempting to insite a riot, Dave Christie and his campaign members should try to educate themselves on the issues so they could effectively defend their positions.
I just ignored them all. I wasn't pissed off or disturbed just had a great day at the parade. They are there and doing the things they can because they know it will get to you. Just ignore them. Works for me. Besides, I know who I'm voting for and none of what they do sways that anyhow.


text:
Take the Giveaway4Good Challenge
By Lisa Ellison
During my parents' divorce, I lived with my grandmother, a gifted raconteur with impeccable timing and skillful intonation. Listening to her made me want to become a storyteller. Most of her tales were set during her childhood in the Bronx and involved the Yankees, her mother's mysterious illness, or her family's elaborate Italian dinners.
One day, she told me about a dollhouse she'd wanted for her sixth Christmas. At sixty-one, she could still recall the number of rooms and the color of the kitchen's porcelain plates. With each detail, she transformed into the little girl who pleaded for her one and only Christmas wish.
But the only gifts under that year's Christmas tree were underwear and socks.
After a long pause, she swallowed hard then patted my hand. "That day, I learned an important lesson. If you never want anything, you'll never be disappointed."
A lifetime of heartache solidified that lesson.
Her mother's tragic death.
A shotgun wedding after an unplanned pregnancy.
An unhappy marriage.
A suicide attempt.
Mysterious health problems.
Agoraphobia.
At ten, I absorbed her lesson.
It took several decades to unlearn it.
Since March, I've thought a lot about her story and how it's hard to want anything when problems keep dropping upon us.
A global pandemic.
Lockdowns and stay-at-home orders.
Economic turmoil.
Increasing inequity.
Tragic deaths.
Health crises.
Election drama.
More COVID cases.
And yet, even now, I have desires.
I want to finish the memoir about my brother's suicide.
I want to send it to agents.
I want to believe this story will help someone.
When grief overpowers me during the revision process or I fear my memoir no longer matters, I turn to Brevity for inspiration.
While my teacup steams beside me, I read courageous posts about Chelsey Drysdale's courage in the face of rejection, Amy Grier's determination to finish her memoir, and Shiv Dutta's late-life publishing success.
Brevity shows me that I'm part of a creative family whose wishes are sacred.
In November, I met with several members of this creative family who sounded as broken-hearted as my grandmother. Many talked of shrinking their dreams. I felt like doing this too.
During my master's in counseling, my advisor once said, "We can't change the past, but we can change the story we tell about it." That's what counselors help people do.
It's also the gift of creative nonfiction.
As we entered the final month of this year, I wanted to do something that proved there's more than one story we can tell about 2020.
I created my #Giveaway4Good Challenge to help writers connect with something greater than themselves. Each week's challenge is designed to boost resilience and encourage literary citizenship. Knowing this work benefits my creative family gives me the strength to work on the hardest parts of my memoir.
My Week Three Challenge gives you an opportunity to support organizations like Brevity that encourage us to courageously turn our difficult experiences into art.
Here are the details for this week's challenge:
Support any literary organization with a monetary donation or social media share, and I'll give you one ticket for this week's drawing. I'm giving additional tickets for support to Hippocampus Literary Magazine, James River Writers, and Creative Nonfiction. For more details check out my website.
Support Brevity by doing one of the following and I'll give you two tickets for this week's drawing:
Subscribe to Brevity's blog (If you're reading online, the subscribe button is in the sidebar on the right)
Read and share any Brevity blog post on social media
Follow Brevity on Instagram @Brevitymag
Make a ten-dollar donation to Brevity or send a copy of The Best of Brevity to a writer, teacher, or friend and I'll give you four tickets for this week's drawing.
The more you do, the more tickets you'll earn.
This week's prize is a set of author-signed books published in 2020 and a spot in Jane Friedman's Query Master Class.
You'll also be entered in my grand-prize drawing for a one-hour coaching session with me (includes a 10-page manuscript review) PLUS a spot in Jane Friedman's course How to Write a Book Proposal.
To participate in this challenge, send an email to lisa.cooper.ellison@gmail.com. Please include the name of the organization and your donation amount or a screenshot of your social media posts.
If loneliness, heartache or overwhelm make you question your dreams, brew a hot beverage, and scroll through Brevity. Let the words of your brilliant, courageous writing family remind you to that your stories are your gift to the world.
Lisa Ellison is an editor, writing coach, and speaker with an Ed.S in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Her life story and essays have appeared on NPR's With Good Reason and in Hippocampus Literary Magazine, Kenyon Review Online, and The Guardian, among others. She is currently working on a memoir about how, after her brother's suicide, a chance meeting during a heavy metal tour ultimately saved her life. Follow her on Twitter @LisaEllisonsPen or Instagram @lisacooperellison.
Jumping Backwards: A Writing Prompt
May 27, 2020 § 3 Comments
by Celina Marann Santana
I have been inventing quarantine games. For the purposes of this blog, let's say I use them as writing rewards or prompts rather than procrastination from the writing itself!
One invented game is to investigate what I was doing on this day one year ago. Give it a go. Jump back through your calendar, do an email sort. As fair warning, it can be humorous, sad, curious, frustrating. Recently, I skipped forward to the summer months to see the types of adventures I'll potentially miss this year.
I landed on June 23. Now there are many things I could have been doing on the many June 23rds of my past, at midnight. On the ones I happened to be in Puerto Rico, it was jumping backwards into the sea, seven or twelve times (depending on who I asked) in order to cleanse my sins, start anew, and get magic powers.
Noche de San Juan is celebrated every June 23 in Puerto Rico, Spain, and many other countries around the world. The original Noche de Feugo (Night of Fire) was a pagan tradition to celebrate the summer solstice but was co-opted by the Catholic Church to commemorate the birthday of Saint John the Baptist.
I managed to secure fragments of the history of the festivities while wandering the beach, weaving around bonfires, hammocks, drummers, loungers, drinkers and dreamers. There were those who had no idea why they had gathered in the dark (beyond a good party of course) and for those who knew something of this night's origins, there were debates as to its traditions. Further research revealed some of the most common:
Go backward into to the sea, while watching the moon, for special powers or luck.
At the exact moment when the sun illuminates the dawn of the 24th, the waters of springs and streams are endowed with special powers to cure and provide protection. Bathe in the dew for protection throughout the year.
Sit under a fig tree with a guitar in your hands and you'll learn to play it right away.
Look through the window of your home after midnight and you will see the love of your life walk by.
To rid yourself of things you would rather forget, throw representations of them (clothes, objects or memories written on paper) into the fire and watch them burn.
For me, the night represented change and looking back on it made me realize something new about change. Helen Keller said, "A bend in the road is not the end of the road…unless you fail to make the turn." And Jennifer Donnelly writes about wanting "a word that describes the feeling that you get—a cold sick feeling, deep down inside—when you know something is happening that will change you." Erica Jong advises that "accepting fear as part of life, specifically the fear of change…" allows us to "…go ahead despite the pounding in the heart that says: turn back." And finally, Jarod Kintz says, "The only thing I am for sure is unsure, and this means I'm growing, and not stagnant or shrinking."
These strange times of social distancing and sickness means lots of changes and can induce plenty of fear, but it doesn't have to mean stagnancy. One June night, in a few hours of darkness on the ocean's shore, I basked in the company of a friend, released the loss of an old friend, and celebrated the meeting of a new friend. "Staying in place" makes me realize this is more how life is: no matter how great the change, there is something we can hold onto, something we can let go, and something new to find. Maybe powerful, meaningful change is what results when we have the courage to do all three.
Celina Marann Santana writes brief nonfiction, loves writing from prompts, and is at work on a novel. She spends her days doing all kinds of things, like starting up a PechaKucha Night because she enjoys informal gatherings where folks share their passions in a concise, engaging format. She founded Your Dreamery to encourage others to discover their best selves through writing and exploration.
May 2020: Brevity in a Pandemic
May 4, 2020 § 2 Comments
Let us say first that we hope you are all well, wherever you may find yourselves in the midst of this pandemic. Our latest issue has been in the works for six months, and so is not themed to our current moment, but we hope the brief essays included here will offer you solace, insight, beauty, and encouragement during this profoundly difficult time. Many thanks to our featured authors Brian Turner, Sue William Silverman, Kristine Langley Mahler, Carly Anderson, Laurie Rachkus Uttich, Sara Ryan, Tyler Mills, Julie Marie Wade, Melissa Grunow, Katy Mullins, Will Howard, Lisa Lanser Rose, Michelle Myers, Kailyn McCord, and B. Bilby Garton, and for the beautiful photography, Christina Brobby.
Plus, new in our Craft Section, Nuala O'Connor takes stock of her career and what it means to be a published writer, Beth Kephart considers the fear that no one will care about the books we write, and Jody Keisner looks at small moments and beautiful things. If you have not yet explored our extensive collection of excellent craft content, you are in for a treat.
Stay safe and healthy, and enjoy our new issue.
Writing Trauma: From Professional to Personal
April 17, 2020 § 9 Comments
By Lorraine Camenzuli, Ph.D.
Amy Roost, the editor of the Fury anthology, and I had a shared interest in promoting an integrative approach to graduate studies in clinical psychology. I shared with her my passion for including the latest neuroscience research into treatment, especially treatment of trauma. I argued that our expanded ability to work with so-called "unconscious" reactivity helped the body, as well as the mind, to heal. Amy had already begun gathering women's personal experiences and reactions to the then-recent,Trump election, and asked if I might want to contribute to an anthology she was editing. I told her it sounded intriguing and I would think about it. What I didn't tell her was that I had a big dilemma to resolve before doing any such thing.
As a professional psychologist I was trained to leave myself, my personal beliefs and my biases out of any conversation with clients, potential clients, or the general public. My modus operandi was to remain neutral – at least on the "outside." Going public with my views could jeopardize this. But a group of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals around the nation had already gone public with their views about Trump's personality issues, going so far as to suggest he suffers from a Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Though confidentiality is one of the hallmark ethical principles of mental health care, these professionals also felt duty-bound to warn the public about the dangers of having someone like this in a leadership position, no less the presidency of the United States. They succeeded in validating what many already knew: that our new president would put his own needs before those of the country.
I resolved that the public would benefit from understanding some of the principles underlying what we see and hear every day in the new Trump world. While remaining true to my professional ethics, I realized I could share a trauma injury/recovery model I had been using in my practice on a daily basis, mostly with women. The "Polyvagal" Model informs us that when we perceive a threat, real or imagined, our nervous systems go into fight or flight. Hundreds of changes occur instantly but outside of consciousness, as our body activates to fight the threat or run away. This normal response only becomes traumatic when we can neither fight nor flee. Being trapped and helpless triggers another part of the nervous system that calms everything down, presumably to preserve energy, but can lead to utter immobilization, dissociation, numbness, and depression, especially if the threat(s) is chronic. Sharing this model, then, might offer another lens for viewing what was happening not only to us as American citizens, but to President Trump himself, and at the same time possibly map out a path to recovery.
I wrote out the theory and how it might be showing itself on us right now. But I got bogged down in professional jargon. Try as I might to wade through the complexities, I couldn't whittle down my thoughts enough to be readable or relatable. When an editor read it, she essentially tore it apart, accusing me of being too abstract, avoiding my own feelings and seeming too sympathetic to Donald Trump. Usually this kind of criticism makes me shrink, but I had to laugh because she was right. Despite my professional reserve, I had to come clean with why I felt this was important to say out loud, and what drove me to say it in the first place. So I finally found a way to talk about myself, illustrating how I had once reacted to a debilitating threat. In this way I could demonstrate how the model worked and not just preach about it. Very humbling but very valuable!
Finally, I was able to end the essay as most research papers are concluded, not with certainties or predictions about the future, but with suggestions for how this model can help us understand why we do some of the things we do, and from there, be able to generate more creative solutions for change. Spreading understanding and helping people find solutions that work for them was my ethical imperative after all, and might even contribute to our ending the cycle of trauma-based reactivity under which we've all been suffering.
From Trauma in the Age of Trump:
For this presidency we might even think of American women as the canaries in the coal mine, directly experiencing in our minds, hearts and bodies, just how toxic such a presidency can be. But when we use our nervous system reactions to fuel our voices and our votes, we can bring about a new level of leadership that restores the moral stature of the U.S. as a just and caring leader of the free world. What distinguishes women in this effort may be our very capacity for reading those first non-verbal cues of danger—honed by millennia of tending to non-verbal infants. In effect we were primed by nature to perceive and react to the danger afoot in the leadership of this kind of man. While many of his verbal expressions seem less than logical, repeatedly reactive, and singularly unempathic, his non-verbal cues are terrifying. In word and deed to many of us, this man signals 'predator.'
Lorraine Camenzuli, Ph.D. is a Clinical and Neuropsychologist in private practice focusing on sequelae of trauma. She also consults in EAP Critical Incident Debriefing and workplace trauma. Past research included emotional sequelae of brain trauma and therapeutic effectiveness. Community education has included trauma, cognition and political activism, while service on boards has focused on trauma, the arts and politics. Her essay, "Trauma in the Age of Trump," is featured in Fury: Women's Lived Experiences of the Trump Era.
A Review of Sue William Silverman's How to Survive Death and Other Inconveniences
March 4, 2020 § 2 Comments
By Debbie Hagan
Hemingway said all true stories end in death. But he wasn't from Jersey, so what did he know?" quips Sue William Silverman in her latest essay collection, How to Survive Death and Other Inconveniences.
The book's title may suggest this is a morbid book; yet, Silverman in her own clever way leans towards tongue-in-cheek, mixing pop culture, literature, and history with her stories and, of course, her unending quest to survive.
But what is death? First, she thinks it's the Ultima Thule on medieval maps—the great unknown where sea monsters roam. Then again, it could be the ultimate boundary…the great wall. On the other hand, it might be a new path, a grand new adventure. Whatever…Silverman is dead-set to outwit, outdrive, and outrun it.
My bets go on Silverman—survivor extraordinaire, author of two memoirs, Because I Remember Terror, Father, I Remember You and Love Sick, in addition to her memoir craft book, Fearless Confessions.
This latest collection of essays examines her life from age four to present, though not sequenced chronologically. They are stories of survival. Most focus on Silverman's teenage years in Glen Rock, New Jersey, cruising Route 17 in her gold Plymouth Savoy "for hours, for days, or seemingly forever." Windows down, hair flying, Stones, Beatles, and Supremes blasting, she's searching for action: bars that welcome teenage girls, diners with illuminated "Eat Here" signs, boardwalks with rides, and parking lots with guys with packs of Camels rolled in their sleeves.
Terrified of death, teenage Silverman nevertheless taunts it: "When I reach Deadman's Curve, I hit the gas. I spin around the circle once, twice, as if driving an amusement park bumper car, daring death to catch me in this never-ending circle. I swerve to avoid an unamused driver inching into the roundabout from a side street. He honks, I wave, smile, and press on, driving faster."
The gold Savoy propels Silverman into a dream world. On the shoulder of the road, she sits and watches a movie flicker on a drive-in screen. "Giant movie stars, night after night, hover godlike over the awed assembly: Paul Newman, Elizabeth Taylor, Warren Beatty, Natalie Wood. Their starry faces glow, projected against the backdrop of night," she writes. "The movies end. Cars roll from the lot. Tinny voices, from speakers knocked from their posts and dangling on frayed wires call out: Come back, my darling!"
Later, the gold Savoy climbs the majestic Palisades taking Silverman on a view of the Hudson River and the George Washington Bridge. There she discovers a monument erected to Alexander Hamilton who died in a duel against Aaron Burr. Silverman consoles him: "Generations will visit you on this spot, keeping you, albeit, not the corporeal you, alive."
It's here, I realize that the "death" Silverman refers to is not limited to the physical, but includes the soul-crushing spiritual death that dims our lights and steals our hearts.
The gold Savoy moves on to the Jersey Shore, famous for its rides, games, saltwater taffy, and sandy beaches. On a starless night, a man with a knife pulls Silverman into the dark, below the boardwalk. "His hand pins my long braid as if staking it into eternity," she writes. "A wisp of soul levitates from a somatic body."
Traumatized, she's unable to speak certain words. Later, when she returns to the boardwalk, she watches the Ferris wheel hover over her as it did that night, and she sees the ride has since darkened. Now, though, she knows bulbs can be replaced, light restored.
One of my favorite essays (originally published on Rumpus) is "Miss Route 17 Refuses to Grow Old." At an Adam Lambert concert, Silverman watches the American Idol winner rise onto the stage, glittering in sequins in a feathered top hat, fringed jacket, and black pants. Though Silverman is on the third row, she pushes closer, closer, closer: "In Adam's presence, we are cloaked in a black-magic trance, a malarial fever, an outbreak of frenzied worship."
I know this so well. Years ago, I fell under the spell of a goth rock band, known as Rasputina—three women with cellos, dressed in lacy corsets, hair in ringlets, singing outrageously creepy songs about plagues, fires, insanity, suicide, and eating rats. I obsessed over the band's lead singer, Melora Creager. Her voice, reedy as a siren's has a wide quivering vibrato. It combined with the cellos and special effects created a gritty, old, faraway sound as if hearing this music from the horn of a Victrola. It became my gold Plymouth Savoy, taking me away from real-life dramas that scared me far more than any crazy tales this band could conjure.
"In short, pre-Adam, I slumped into middle age," Silverman writes. "But now he and his music jump-started my heart better than any defibrillator."
No Hemingway death ending here. These essays show a narrator pushing on, doing whatever it takes to rock on.
Debbie Hagan is book reviews editor for Brevity and teaches writing at Massachusetts College of Art and Design. Her work has appeared in Harvard Review, Hyperallergic, Pleiades, Superstition Review, Brain, Child, and elsewhere. Her essays have appeared in numerous anthologies, including Fearless: Women's Journeys to Self-Empowerment.
Embracing the Unknown: Writing as Discovery
January 24, 2020 § 2 Comments
For Jennifer McGaha, writing a book is like hiking. The journey will envelop you in foggy haziness, unexpected visitors will creep up along the way, and hopefully others will be there to push you when you're floundering. She finds joy in not knowing what will happen on a walk or where an essay or book will lead her. After all, we all want to get to the end of the trail and finish writing a story in the same way: tired but satisfied with the process of exploration. Here's an excerpt from McGaha's craft essay:
You can write without discovery, of course. You can write to a scripted conclusion, and it will be easier. Maybe no one will even notice. But why on earth would you? Why, with as hard as it is to write anything, with all the time and love and grit you put into the creation of your art, would you settle for anything less than two stunning bighorn rams rising out of the mist?
Read this craft essay and more in Brevity's January 2020 issue.
Brevity's January 2020 Issue Launched Today
Our newest issue, Issue 63, is out this morning, featuring crisp, provocative essays from Maggie Smith, Lara Lillibridge, Joanna Brichetto, Natalie Rose, B.J. Hollars, Kelly Shire, Marcia Aldrich, Robert Julius, Natalia Rachel Singer, Amie Whittemore, Margo Steines, Matt Donovan, Mary Zelinka, Doug Lawson, and Jill Kolongowski and her Spring 2019 creative writing class. All of these, along with stunning photos by Mike McKniff.
Also new today, in our Craft Section, Jen Corrigan, Jennifer McGaha, Mary Ann McSweeny, and Sonja Livingston discuss impatience and restlessness in writing, the art of discovery, the role of compassion in nonfiction, and how to bring Nancy Drew into your essaying.
Meanwhile, we are still accepting submissions for Brevity's upcoming special issue, "Experiences of Disability," to be published in September 2020. We are also still actively seeking some financial support to make this issue possible, and even small amounts go a long way. Thanks to those of you who have already contributed, and to anyone who can help as we go forward.
Seven Stages of Submittable
January 6, 2020 § 14 Comments
By Alison Lowenstein
Submitting:
After meticulously crafting a brief cover letter and biographical statement, you upload your work of creative genius, along with a twelve-dollar submission fee. You press submit and enter a period of limbo when you see the essay, along with your many other submissions–ranging from haikus to flash fiction, logged as Received.
Dreaming:
Every evening you visit the web page for the literary journal you submitted to and imagine yourself on their homepage. Fantasizing that within minutes of the essay being on the journal's website you get a book deal or at least an inquiry from a literary agent.
Rebuilding Your Confidence:
You reread your essay to remind yourself that you truly are talented and any editor tasked with navigating a content management system to review a virtual slush pile will be delighted to read the layered work rife with metaphors and allusions to religion, literature and a variety of high and low brow works of art.
Judging Those Who Don't Publish:
To pass the time, you silently judge your friends who aren't vulnerable enough to submit their creative work to literary publications like you do. You think about your old college roommate who was lauded in the alumni newsletter for discovering a procedure to cure blindness, who as far as you know has never published in JAMA, while you have had three poems and an essay featured in literary journals with a circulation of over 2,000.
In Progress:
Your heart skips a beat when you see your status finally changes from Received to In-Progress. You imagine your essay being discussed at an editorial meeting where the words "brilliant" and "we made a serious discovery here" will be uttered several times by an enthusiastic staff comprised of unpaid grad students and a lecherous aging professor. After two months, when your status hasn't changed to Accepted you start reading the masthead of the journal and craft impassioned letters to the editorial board about how they better make a decision or you will be forced to Withdraw the submission. You wisely never send these letters.
Perusing Social Media:
You follow many notable writers and other literary icons on various social media platforms and cringe when you see them mention work they've recently published in the literary journal you submitted to and haven't heard back from in four months. In addition, you follow the editors from the publication you submitted your essay to and wonder how they could tweet several times a day, while it takes them months to make a decision to Accept or Decline on Submittable.
Acceptance:
It's been six months and you still religiously check your Submissions page, but there has been no change in status. You regret not sending your essay out as a multiple submission and blame your monogamous nature as a reason for this mistake. Late one night in a fit of rage, you make your way over to the Discover page and search for other journals accepting creative nonfiction. You submit to a contest that has two hours left before its submission window closes, and a series of online and print journals, spending a total of one hundred and four dollars on submission fees. The following morning you receive an email congratulating you and you log onto Submittable and see your status has changed to Accepted.
Alison Lowenstein is a freelance writer and author of children's books, guidebooks and plays. She's written for The Washington Post, Huffington Post, McSweeney's Internet Tendency, Modern Loss, Gothamist, New York Daily News, National Geographic Traveler, Travel and Leisure.com, and many other publications and websites. You can find her at www.brooklynbaby.com. Follow her on twitter @cityweekendsnyc.
A Review of M. Randal O'Wain's Meander Belt
December 27, 2019 § 1 Comment
By Chansi Long
In one of the early essays in his debut collection, Meander Belt: Family, Loss, and Coming of Age in the Working-Class South, M. Randal O'Wain retells a poignant memory of a family friend's suicide. In this essay titled "Arrow of Light," O'Wain weaves normal childhood milestones alongside a horrific tragedy, recalling how his father picked him up from Webelos in his beat-up truck, but instead of driving home, he careened across town to Jimmy's house.
O'Wain reassembles blurry details, combining his own memories with things he learned later, to tell the story of how his father's best friend shot himself. While his father examines the truck where Jimmy's body is, ten-year-old O'Wain plays in the yard, teaching himself to tie a square knot so he can graduate from Cub Scouts early. The narrator's desire to mature early in such an innocuous way becomes salient as we discover that his environment will force him anyway into the adult world prematurely.
O'Wain's father pilfers some gore—viscera and tissue—from the body, and later, O'Wain, his older brother Chris, and his father go to a meadow to bury a cigar box filled with these remains. O'Wain describes the memory thoughtfully, viewing his father's decision to steal and bury pieces of the corpse with understanding and empathy. The fact that his father took him to Jimmy's, rather than shielding his innocence by taking him home first, is a point of pride and a defining memory for O'Wain, bringing him closer to his father and the adult world he yearned to join.
Like Jo Ann Beard's Boys of My Youth, the essays in Meander are placed in chronological order, and deliberately ordered to provide structural and thematic coherence. The essays change in pace and tone but the voice—solid, compelling, honest, and funny—carries us through. One of the best is "The Junk Trade," which has a theme similar to "Arrow of Light." O'Wain, a fifth-grader, is once again eager to jettison his innocence for the adult world. He drinks black coffee, works his first job, smokes cigarettes, and makes out with his sixth-grade girlfriend Tatum. But the adult world is darker than O'Wain anticipates.
In this essay, a character called Junk Man Wayne sexually assaults O'Wain, and O'Wain follows the adult masculine models of his culture by staying silent on the matter. Reading this essay, I recalled my own attempts to grow up early with smoking, drinking, and sex. At fifteen, I once told my friends I wanted to have sex with a local twenty-one-year-old; a virgin, I was stunned when the man approached me at a party and took me to the woods. Too scared to say anything when he pushed my head toward his crotch, I felt obligated to perform oral sex for the first time in my life. At the time, I brushed the experience off as no big deal, but it was an ushering into the adult world that I wasn't ready for. There are lots of innocence-shedding moments like this in O'Wain's book.
O'Wain skillfully integrates humor into his darker material. In one scene, his mother is jamming to "Brown Eyed Girl," "bouncing in her seat and waving her arms over to me. 'Car dance,' she said. 'Come on, honey, car dance.' But Tatum was half an hour late, and I didn't feel like car dancing. 'Used to love the car dance,' Mom said, glowering."
"Superman Dam Fool" is a numbered listicle that braids historical facts about Superman's death with O'Wain's personal vignettes on violence; most of the scenes O'Wain recounts occur at a Memphis public middle school where O'Wain was both threatened with a gun, and expelled for carrying a roofing blade in his unicorn emblazoned wallet. In this essay, O'Wain's humor—an obvious defense mechanism—lightens the tone. "I learned people beat you up less when you acted crazy," he writes. He was once told he didn't like Virginia Woolf because he didn't try hard enough. His rebuttal: "Perhaps you try too hard."
Most of the essays are written in first or second-person, but there is a sizable section written in third-person. The middle part of the book is comprised of a three-part essay called "Memento Mori." In this section we witness the movement of O'Wain's mind as it focuses on his father. In his early twenties, O'Wain traveled the country touring with his band Sicarii, while his father stayed home living out the same-old routine he'd had for decades. With painstaking detail, O'Wain recreates his father's day-to-day rituals working at a construction site. He embodies his experience using close narrative distance and third-person voice, imagining his father's feelings and thoughts, and speculating what his life was like as he developed panic attacks.
Initially it's unclear why O'Wain invests so much attention in recreating the onset of his father's anxiety—especially when he wasn't present for these moments. But then his father dies unexpectedly of a heart failure at age forty-eight. O'Wain's exploration of his father's last days seem like an attempt to reanimate him via written word, to both grow closer to him and empathize with his struggle.
"Memento Mori" is artful, but it's not the best part of this book, and in ways, it feels out of place. The other essays are more concise, and they tell us about characters through the author's perspective, rather than trying to take on their points of view. O'Wain's voice is strongest when he focuses through his own lens.
William Zinsser's description of what a memoir does has always resonated with me: "Memoir isn't the summary of a life; it's a window into a life, very much like a photograph in its selective composition." And that's what O'Wain provides—a deliberate construction of salient moments, when read, that trigger our memories, produce their own, and linger like lived experience.
Chansi Long is a graduate from the Nonfiction Writer's program at the University of Iowa. She has been published in the Washington Post, River Teeth and others. Living in southeast Kansas, she is working on a memoir about foster care and poverty.
A Review of Carla Rachel Sameth's One Day on the Gold Line
November 20, 2019 § Leave a comment
By Alison Ernst
I did not think having a child was an option for me, mainly because of fear: pregnancy, birth, and parenthood. All of it scared me. I loved children, especially the preschool ages, though the vulnerability of newborn infants terrified me. Someone I knew in college couldn't wait to get pregnant and have a bunch of kids; eventually, she hoped to become a midwife. I couldn't relate at all. The out-of controlness, the potential pain of the whole endeavor seemed like something I could never handle. The concept of parenthood was particular fraught. My brother and I figured out early, we were on our own; our parents' alcoholism and whatever trauma they'd experienced in their childhoods left them unable to refrain from passing on damage. I held an honest distrust of the institutions of Family, and the Cult of Motherhood. I'd even studied developmental psychology in college hoping to learn what a healthy childhood looked like, which mine had indeed not been. Though I grasped elements of how a parent might nurture a beloved offspring, I had no confidence in my own ability.
The preface of Carla Rachel Sameth's book, One Day on the Gold Line: A Memoir in Essays, concludes with her weeping in a lifeboat bobbing on the Mediterranean Sea in the middle of the night, fleeing a burning ferry. She writes, "I was not ready to die without having a baby." Her yearning for motherhood reaches clarity during the chaotic emergency evacuation, setting the stage for much of the book's focus. Sameth documents her fierce desire to get pregnant after several well-considered abortions, miscarriages, and frustrated infertility treatments, including artificial insemination, even after a successful pregnancy and birth of a son.
Sameth writes about the challenges of being a Jewish lesbian parent of a brown son whose father is African-American. The essays explore the inner workings of abusive marriages, futile attempts to craft a happy blended family with a dysfunctional wife, and the parental nightmare of an adolescent son with substance abuse.
The memoir derives its name from an essay about a graphic incident of police brutality. Sameth was erroneously suspected of boarding a train at a Pasadena metro station without a ticket, and for this perceived violation was slammed into a subway pillar by a sheriff's deputy who handcuffed her. Sameth crumpled on the filthy floor—nose broken, teeth chipped, and bleeding—while passersby turned their heads and uniformed perpetrators stood around appearing bored, waiting for their supervisor to document the injuries. This terrifying incident took place the same year as the events inspiring an award-winning film, Fruitvale Station, in which Oscar Grant, a young black man, was killed by a police officer on a Bay Area Rapid Transit platform.
The eponymous episode appears about halfway through the book, following a lighthearted chapter titled, "The Year of Eating Banana Splits," with subheadings such as "Gestational Diabetes, Beets, and Baskin Robbins" as well as "Ice Cream and Hot Tub for Mother's Day." Sameth swings from humorous to serious, even within an essay. Early in the book, "A House Is Not a Home," a poignant piece about the hope and promise of a new relationship and the destructive impact of its disintegration, Sameth quips, "So I stopped shopping around for sperm and began searching dating sites for a girlfriend."
Sameth's voice varies throughout, at turns funny, frenetic, and despairing. Sameth appears in several developmental stages, from childhood identity as scrappy Sammy Boy, an insecure college-aged young woman working on a back-country trail crew, through shifting sexual identities, marriages, and motherhood, and losing one's shit with an adolescent child in a treatment center for drug abuse.
The traumas I survived in childhood and adolescence led me to think I would be incapable of bearing and raising a child of my own. Despite my fears of the emotional and physical trauma, I had the good fortune to eventually go through the whole rigmarole of having and parenting a child who has survived to adulthood. Sameth was determined to have her baby by any means necessary and, as he grew, strove to create a nurturing family. The traumas inherent in her efforts, as well as her fierce maternal love, is the grist of One Day on the Gold Line.
Alison Adams Ernst is a librarian by profession and writer by compulsion. She's a frequent participant at Vermont College of Fine Arts Postgraduate Writers Conference. Though her MFA is in Writing for Children from Simmons University, she's currently working on a decidedly adult memoir.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A Busy Time for this Interior Designer.
Retreat, relax and revive in peaceful and beautiful surroundings. Breathe deeply into the flowing, stretching and releasing Wild Goose Chinese Medical Qigong form. Take time to immerse yourself in peaceful mind and loving kindness meditations in the environmental and spiritual sanctuary of Holy Isle – adjacent to the Isle of Arran, West Scotland – and where Sue spent a year in retreat. The week is suitable for beginners and experienced practitioners and is a wonderful opportunity to develop skills and practices to deepen a life-long spiritual journey.
I thought some of the members might be interested in my thoughts surrounding the recent renovation of my elder daughter's bedroom.


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Category: language and identity
The Politics of Language and Identity
This month we published Choosing a Mother Tongue by Corinne A. Seals. In this post the author describes an encounter with language, identity and politics on a visit to Ukraine in the winter of 2017.
While I was writing Choosing a Mother Tongue: The Politics of Language and Identity in Ukraine, I was constantly reflecting on language choice and use, especially when I would find myself at a Ukrainian community event with a Ukrainian language conversation happening to my left and a Russian language conversation happening to my right. However, the power of the politics of language and identity struck me particularly during a visit to Ukraine in the winter of 2017.
I had been in L'viv (Western Ukraine), traveled to Kyiv (Central Ukraine), and had just arrived back again in L'viv to the same hotel and same restaurants in which I had spent time during the first part of the trip. However, while I had been very conscious of my language use when first in L'viv (sticking to Ukrainian to align with the preference of most people in this city), I had just been in Kyiv where language choice and use was more fluid and where my hosts were Russian dominant speakers. Additionally, my trip back to L'viv had been during a snowstorm, and in an exhausted state I was not as conscious of my language use.
L'viv during the snowstorm
When I went to grab a quick dinner at the restaurant next to where I was staying, I was bemused by the insistence of the maître d' that she couldn't understand me. "Surely," I thought, "there must be something I'm doing wrong if this hasn't happened to me before." It was then that I realized I had been speaking to her in Russian (due to having just returned from Kyiv), but I was in a Crimean Tatar restaurant in L'viv.
This context is significant, as the Crimean Tatars have repeatedly been displaced by both the Soviet and Russian governments in history and had just been displaced again from Crimea not long before my trip to Ukraine. Recognizing my major faux pas, I switched to Ukrainian and apologized before repeating my request in Ukrainian. The maître d' smiled slightly, nodded in acknowledgement, and proceeded with our conversation.
A Ukrainian poem in L'viv about language and identity by famous poet, Lesya Ukrainka
Now, Russian and Ukrainian are similar enough that most people can at least loosely understand one if you speak the other. So, this was highly unlikely to be a case of not having proficiency in a language. Rather (and as further informed by our interaction), this was a political statement reflecting linguistic history and identity. It was more important for the maître d' to uphold her linguistic principles than to make the transaction. However, my awareness and acknowledgement of this, as well as my subsequent linguistic alignment with her, meant that all was again equal.
This is one of many examples that speaks to the strength of connection between language and identity, as well as the importance of being aware of current and historical events related to language and politics wherever you are.
Corinne Seals (Mykytka), Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
corinne.seals@vuw.ac.nz
If you found this interesting, you might also like Language, Identity and Education on the Arabian Peninsula edited by Louisa Buckingham.
By flocvpin author, bilingualism, books, language and identity, multilingualism, news, sociolinguistics 31 October 2019 594 WordsLeave a comment
Language Teacher Agency Matters!
This month we published Theorizing and Analyzing Language Teacher Agency edited by Hayriye Kayi-Aydar, Xuesong (Andy) Gao, Elizabeth R. Miller, Manka Varghese and Gergana Vitanova. In this post the editors explain how the idea for the book came about.
We witnessed scholars' and teachers' growing interest in language teacher agency throughout the process of producing this volume. This book idea was hatched over dinner at AAAL (2016 in Orlando, Florida) before a colloquium on language teacher agency in which we editors had all participated. The colloquium attracted a large number of keen attendees and ended with a lively discussion that we all enjoyed. It became clear that many of the attendees were also doing research on teacher agency, and we decided that it was important to bring these developing research studies together into an edited collection. A few months later we posted a Call for Papers, and we were overwhelmed by the response: we received more than 100 submissions! Language teacher agency clearly matters everywhere as these submissions include studies based in urban schools and rural schools, in university classes and church-based volunteer-provided classes, located in diverse national contexts including Australia, China, India, Japan, Mexico and the US. Now, several years later, we are delighted to see a good number of these submissions developed into chapters.
Language teacher agency is not easily defined, in part, because it is always contextually mediated. It thus seems inevitable that scholars will use different methods and focus on a range of topics in order to understand teacher agency in the particular contexts they are exploring. The chapters in this book explore teacher agency in relation to social justice and equity efforts, teacher identity and professional development, teacher evaluation processes, curricular decisions and innovations, and the creation of new teaching practices. It is likewise clear that scholars will adopt different theoretical approaches to help them make sense of the on-the-ground practices and activities that they observe. In this volume, authors draw on ecological theory, sociocultural theory, actor network theory, critical realism, and positioning theory. Our book is not prescriptive in nature; in other words, we do not tell teachers what they should do to be an agent. However, through systematic data collection, the chapters successfully document the complexities associated with language teacher agency in strikingly different contexts, which we believe offers unique insights, implications, and strategies for language teachers. Given the range of perspectives offered in this collection, we are hopeful that it will spark new and continually diversifying research approaches and methods.
If you found this interesting, you might also like Language Teacher Psychology edited by Sarah Mercer and Achilleas Kostoulas.
By flocvpin author, books, language and identity, language education, sociolinguistics 27 June 2019 446 WordsLeave a comment
"What Happened to My Language?" Working to Reclaim Indigenous Languages
Earlier this year we published A World of Indigenous Languages edited by Teresa L. McCarty, Sheilah E. Nicholas and Gillian Wigglesworth. In this post Teresa and Sheilah discuss how they came to participate in the global movement for Indigenous language reclamation.
Sheilah Nicholas remembers the rude awakening when, as an adult, her mother said to her, "When you were a child, you were fully Hopi," referring to the fact that she was a first-language speaker of Hopi as a child. Teresa McCarty, a White scholar-educator, remembers a parallel moment when a Diné (Navajo) elder, referring to the legacy of colonial schooling, said to her, "If a child learns only English, you have lost your child." Reflecting on this, Sheila and Teresa identify the point when their life trajectories came together and they became participants in a nascent global movement for Indigenous language reclamation.
Sheilah: The very first time I thought about language issues was in a pilot study I conducted for your class at the University of Arizona. I wanted to understand how a K-8 community school on the Hopi reservation was implementing their Hopi language program. At the time my focus was on Hopi language and literacy and the role of Hopi education practitioners as literacy specialists.
Teresa: That would be about the mid-1990s. At that time I was working with Diné teachers at a community school within the Navajo Nation. The teachers were Indigenizing their literacy curriculum. I had been working with this community for many years and we were starting to see a noticeable shift from Navajo to English among the children entering kindergarten.
Sheilah: In 1995, while there were still a large number of Hopi speakers across the reservation, in this particular community school the Hopi education practitioners were also observing a visible shift to English among their students.
These experiences inform our work together and individually in the field of Indigenous language revitalization and reclamation. For both of us, an important site of this work was the American Indian Language Development Institute (AILDI) at the University of Arizona, an international program to train educators and language practitioners in strategies to revitalize and promote the use of Indigenous languages across generations.
Sheilah: I was a graduate student at AILDI and found myself unable to integrate Hopi into my assignment. I asked my instructor, Akira Yamamoto, "What happened to my language?" He said, "It didn't go anywhere. It's deep inside you—you just need to pull it up."
Teresa: Akira Yamamoto, Lucille Watahomigie (Hualapai) and Leanne Hinton cofounded AILDI in 1978, with long-time AILDI director Ofelia Zepeda (Tohono O'odham) joining shortly after. I had been working with them for several years. Each summer the Institute brings together Indigenous community members and educators, and non-Indigenous allies, in collaborative partnerships around language revitalization, documentation, and outreach.
Sheilah: AILDI became the catalyst for my current work.
Our stories are part of a larger story told in the pages of our edited volume with Gillian Wigglesworth of the University of Melbourne, A World of Indigenous Languages. Gillian has worked for many years with Australian Aboriginal communities on the languages Aboriginal children in remote communities learn, the complexity of their language ecologies, and how these interact with English once children enter the formal school system.
Our book exemplifies a movement we characterize with the "4 Rs": resurgence, reclamation, revitalization, and resilience. From Aotearoa/New Zealand, to South Africa, the Yukon Territory, Western Australia, Latin America, Ojibwe and Hopi in the USA, Aanaar Saami in Finland, Limbu in Nepal, Nahuatl in Mexico, and the "world of Indigenous languages" in cyberspace, every chapter – authored or coauthored by an Indigenous scholar-activist – illuminates the vitalities of this movement.
In gathering these accounts, we are honored to present the diversity of pedagogical innovations and the persistence of this movement. These are not accounts about languages as abstract entities to be "preserved," but rather a dynamic display of Indigenous voices being heard.
By flocvpin author, books, language and identity, language education, language policy, news 4 June 2019 5 June 2019 665 WordsLeave a comment
The Linguistic Foundations of Homophobic Discourses
This month we are publishing The Discursive Ecology of Homophobia by Eric Louis Russell. In this post the author explains how he came to study homophobia in far right groups.
The cover image for this book shows les Hommen during a protest
"But… they're SO GAY, right?"
A*** and I stared back at our mutual friend B*** [not their initials], somewhat incredulous. Gay? These guys? How could he possibly think that?!
It was early 2013 and the three of us were observing protests against same-sex marriage legalization in France. Among the more conventional opponents on the streets were les Hommen, young men in colorful pants and white opera masks, strutting around shirtless with messages painted on their mostly-chiseled chests, chanting arm-in-arm. For B***, an American anglophone, they would fit in the Marais or Dupont Circle, but were out of place at an anti-gay march. A*** and I understood things differently. Colorful jeans, bare-chested sloganeering, yelling in unison? Not just traditionally hetero-masculine, but exaggeratedly so.
Discussion soon turned to how it is we "read" the Hommen so divergently, without really thinking about it. Particularly curious to me was the inseparability of cultural and linguistic knowledge required in such moments, and the ways in which these are grounded and embodied. With common Francophone backgrounds, A*** and I called on shared knowledge of language and their intersection with cultural practices, concluding the Hommen to be examples of rather blatant heteronormative masculinity. Our American friend misinterpreted these signs at nearly all levels. All three of us, however, struggled to articulate exactly how or why we came to our judgements.
As a linguist, I focus on language forms, structures, shapes and patterns. When I read text or hear speech, I dissect and deconstruct the communicative package – much the way an engineer looks at a bridge or a musician listens to a symphony, I imagine. With some time to reflect on this and similar moments, I became increasingly uneasy at how rarely scholars like myself contributed to conversations around hate speech, regardless of target, context, or participants. It was as if we were only scratching the surface of language, and therefore only looking to a small part of how meaning is created, transmitted, and received. Perhaps worse, so much of the work being done seemed to depart from a "one-size-fits-all" perspective, as if sexualities and identities, as well as reactions to them, were universal or could be understood in linguistic and cultural translation. Being a bit mule-headed – and always up for a challenge – it seemed a good idea to wade into this controversy. Which is what led to this book: an attempt to pierce the surface of language performances and unravel communicative practices at a deeper level.
Is it complex? Certainly. Is this the type of thing that everyone needs to do? Probably not. But I believe it's important to bring more understanding of language into the critique and confrontation of homophobia (and much else), and to engage in a more culturally-grounded way when doing so. With any luck, this sort of examination can shed light – a potent disinfectant – on hegemonies and hate, especially when they lurk in the shadows and their authors maintain a veneer of civility. At least, that is my hope.
By flocvpin author, books, language and identity 7 May 2019 7 May 2019 556 WordsLeave a comment


Are thinking about adopting a Bull Terrier? You've made the right choice - Bull Terriers are strong, muscular dogs known for being brave, smart and friendly. These dogs require the company of their human family to the point that if they spend much time alone they can end up developing stress, depression and behavioral issues.
Taking in a Bull Terrier requires having the time to train them. It is your responsibility as the owner to inform yourself about the specific care the breed needs, including what are their most common diseases. This way, you'll be able to prevent them and notice them in time. Stay with us at AnimalWised and learn all about the common diseases of Bull Terriers.
Are Bull Terriers healthy dogs?
The Bull Terrier's average life expectancy is of about 10 years, but it is of great importance that they are able to reach that age with a good quality of life. Health, comfort and happiness make all the difference in the lives of senior dogs.
Obviously, optimal care from a young age into adulthood will also result in a healthier old age with fewer complications. Therefore, it is important to know what common diseases are likely to affect your dog so as to prevent and if necessary treat them as early as possible, improving their prognosis.
Approximately 18% of Bull Terriers are born with hearing problems, making this disorder the most common in white individuals due to hereditary causes.
Hearing loss can affect both ears or just one side. If it is unilateral, the Bull Terrier can have a normal life without major complications, but always with veterinary monitoring specifically tailored to the partially deaf dog's health and needs.
Before adopting your Bull Terrier you should ask the breeder for the certificate confirming that the BAER test has taken place at five weeks old. The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response test consists in stimulating the dog with sounds whilst evaluating the brain's response to these stimuli. This test is essential for Bull Terriers, as it is the only test that is completely able to determine deafness in a dog and its degree of severity.
The Bull Terrier breed is especially predisposed to suffering from kidney disease. In some genetic lines the kidney develops in insufficient proportions, resulting in a very small organ that may lose functionality.
Bull Terriers can develop renal insufficiency when the kidneys do not properly filter the blood, which will lead to an accumulation of toxins throughout the body. This situation will require a specific treatment and an adequate diet; stay with us and learn how to plan a homemade diet for dogs with kidney failure.
Another kidney disease that is characteristic of the Bull Terrier is polycystic kidney disease. In this case, the condition can be so severe that the animal has direct kidney failure, with the consequent risk to the whole organism.
To detect the previously mentioned kidney problems as soon as possible, it is recommended that your Bull Terrier has a simple urine test to measure the amount of proteins in this fluid to determine kidney function once a year.
In this common condition, the kneecap comes out of its place producing symptoms such as pain when moving, lameness and weakness. It originates during the dog's development and growth because of a misalignment of the limb. This inadequate development of the patella may be due to an inherited problem or trauma; it is essential to control the amount and type of exercise your Bull Terrier does throughout their various life stages.
In most cases, patellar luxation requires surgery. It is of great importance to go to the vet if you find your pet has any of the symptoms we noted above, as this will prevent the aggravation of the condition and facilitate the response to the treatment.
Here you can learn more about the symptoms and treatment of patellar luxation in dogs.
Among the most common diseases in Bull Terriers we find heart conditions. Some of them are aortic stenosis and mitral valve dysplasia.
Aortic stenosis occurs then the outflow of the left ventricle is narrowed. This obstruction of blood flow implies a very high pressure to the ventricle that ends up suffering from hypertrophy, that is, increasing its size. This condition affects the circulation in the heart and can generate areas with ischemia where the heart tissue is not nourished because the blood does not reach it, as well as syncope and sudden death.
In the case of mitral valve dysplasia the defect is in the left ventricle valve separating the atrium. In this case, the blood flow returns to the left atrium. This translates into an increased workload that must be supported by the heart to maintain circulation.
In both cases treatment will be pharmacological, but it will also be oriented towards changes in diet and controlling the dog's physical efforts.
The Bull Terrier is prone to skin problems associated with allergic reactions. Faced with a mosquito or flea bite, the dog's organism can respond with widespread itching, rashes and inflammation.
Depending on the degree of allergic response the veterinarian will recommend one treatment or another, using a topical antihistamine in mild cases and oral cortisone in severe ones. This will reduce the activation of the immune system and release of histamine, a substance causing the manifestation of the allergy.
You should always choose topical products suitable for dogs when you're treating your Bull Terrier, and make sure they're specifically formulated for sensitive skin.
These are the most common diseases in Bull Terriers. If we missed one, please tell us in the comments section!
If you want to read similar articles to Common Diseases of Bull Terriers, we recommend you visit our Prevention category.


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The men outside shouted and applauded, while Beauty Smith, in an ecstasy of delight, gloated over the ripping and mangling performed by White Fang. There was no hope for the mastiff from the first. He was too ponderous and slow. In the end, while Beauty Smith beat White Fang back with a club, the mastiff was dragged out by its owner. Then there was a payment of bets, and money clinked in Beauty Smith's hand.
White Fang came to look forward eagerly to the gathering of the men around his pen. It meant a fight; and this was the only way that was now vouchsafed him of expressing the life that was in him. Tormented, incited to hate, he was kept a prisoner so that there was no way of satisfying that hate except at the times his master saw fit to put another dog against him. Beauty Smith had estimated his powers well, for he was invariably the victor. One day, three dogs were turned in upon him in succession. Another day a full-grown wolf, fresh-caught from the Wild, was shoved in through the door of the pen. And on still another day two dogs were set against him at the same time. This was his severest fight, and though in the end he killed them both he was himself half killed in doing it.
As the time went by, he had fewer and fewer fights. Men despaired of matching him with an equal, and Beauty Smith was compelled to pit wolves against him. These were trapped by the Indians for the purpose, and a fight between White Fang and a wolf was always sure to draw a crowd. Once, a full-grown female lynx was secured, and this time White Fang fought for his life. Her quickness matched his; her ferocity equalled his; while he fought with his fangs alone, and she fought with her sharp- clawed feet as well.
London, Jack. "White Fang E-Text | Part IV - Chapter III: The Reign of Hate". GradeSaver, 12 August 2006 Web.


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Today in Apple history: Macintosh SE/30 makes good on Mac's promise
Today in Apple history: Apple's eWorld online service goes live
By Luke Dormehl • 5:00 am, June 20, 2019
It doesn't get more 1990s than this!
Photo: Ste Smith/Cult of Mac
June 20, 1994: Apple launches eWorld, a subscription service for Mac owners that's designed to compete with America Online and other nascent online properties.
Part messaging service and part news aggregator, Apple envisions eWorld competing with the likes of AOL, Delphi, CompuServe and Prodigy. Unfortunately, Apple's online service is doomed from the start.
eWorld is an interesting premise
The origins of eWorld trace back to another Apple proto-social network, called AppleLink, intended to connect Cupertino with its dealers and support centers. In the early 1990s, when John Sculley still steered the ship at Apple, the company decided to turn AppleLink into a consumer-facing service.
To fulfill its ambitions, Apple acquired a data center in the San Francisco Bay Area from banking giant Citigroup. It also came to a licensing agreement with America Online, the company that built the basic technology behind eWorld.
As with many of its services, Apple designed eWorld as a "walled garden" so Cupertino could control the user experience. In the 1990s, however, this was not a big departure from the norm. Because nobody quite knew what the internet would transform into, everyone from AOL to CompuServe was doing something similar. Exclusive content supposedly would differentiate the companies' offerings.
The electronic village comes to life.
In some ways, eWorld was a bit like Apple's News app. It served as an aggregator of news and entertainment from other services, all filtered through a familiar Apple interface.
Looking at eWorld today, it appears overly cartoony in a way that distracts from, rather than adds to, the user experience.
The premise was to turn the internet (or, at least, a limited version of it) into a Sim City-style settlement, with different buildings representing different services.
This made a bit more sense at a time when explaining the internet was still necessary. It was an abstract idea, so Apple did what it had successfully done with the graphical user interface — which "borrowed" the metaphor of the desktop to explain computing concepts to a new audience.
Full web-browsing support on eWorld didn't arrive until 1995.
A flawed execution
eWorld wasn't cheap, however. Two off-peak hours with its dial-up service cost $8.95. An hour of service beyond that (or during the day) set people back $4.95.
The bigger problem was granting access to eWorld. As anyone who remembers Apple in the 1990s knows, Cupertino suffered no shortage of great ideas in the 1990s. The problem was turning those ideas into viable products.
Apple abandoned a proposed 1995 Windows version of eWorld due to budget cuts, despite being more than three-quarters finished. Thanks to a strategic failure, Apple did not bundle eWorld on Macs until late 1995 — even though some of its rivals did.
Ultimately, eWorld picked up 147,000 users. Apple eventually phased out the service in 1996, with remaining customers migrating to AOL.
Posted in: News, Top stories Tagged: Apple services, AppleLink, eWorld, John Sculley, TIAH: 1990s, Today in Apple history


text:
Parents: John Whiting and Elizabeth Barber (1)
Born: 1850 in Haverhill. (1,2)
Married: William Beavis, 22, batchelor, labourer, of Haverhill, son of John Beavis, labourer, on 6th November 1869 at St Mary's Parish Church, Haverhill. Witnessed by William ? and Emily Shaw(2,3)
Died: July 1912. Buried on 23rd July 1912 at Haverhill Cemetery. (4,5)
Bio: Amelia was born in 1850, but I have been unable to find a baptismal record for her. On the 1851 census she is living with her parents John and Elizabeth and Her siblings Charles, Phoebe and Caroline. In 1861, the census shows 'Mealia' as still living in Burton End with her family.
In 1869, Amelia is married to William Beavis, a labourer, and on the 1871 census we seem them living together in Burton End, without children. By the next census, in 1881, the couple have relocated to Chauntry Row and Amelia's father John Whiting has moved in with them as a boarder. Although married, unusually for this time it appears that John and his wife Martha chose to live apart, and this is how we find him, Amelia and William again on the following census in 1891. They are at 3 Chauntry Row and Amelia is a 'trousers finisher' and William a brewery labourer. By the 1901 census Amelia's father has died and she is living alone with her husband at 3 Chauntry Row. She is working as a jacket tailor, and he as a brewery drayman.
Again they are at 3 Chauntry Row for the 1911 census. This time Amelia's nephew Arthur Porter, 16, son of Mary Ann and Henry Porter, is staying with them. He works as a shop assistant and was born in Portsmouth.
Amelia was to die the next year, in July 1912. She was buried at Haverhill Cemetery.
(1) Birth Register. 4th Quarter 1850, Risbridge district, Vol 12 Page 423
(3) Marriage Register. 4th Quarter 1869, Risbridge district, Vol 4a Page 773
(5) Death Register. 3rd Quarter 1912, Risbridge district, Vol 4a Page 729


Lock in a great price for Vipati Cottage – rated 8 by recent guests!
Vipati Cottage is located in Ylitornio and offers a terrace. This chalet has accommodations with a balcony.
This chalet has 1 bedroom, a flat-screen TV, and a kitchenette with an oven and a microwave. The chalet also provides a bathroom with a bidet.
The property has a sauna. Skiing can be enjoyed nearby and a ski equipment rental service is available.
The nearest airport is Kemi Tornio Airport, 56 miles from the property.
When would you like to stay at Vipati Cottage?
This chalet has a balcony, mountain view and stovetop.
House Rules Vipati Cottage takes special requests – add in the next step!
Vipati Cottage accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival.
Please inform Vipati Cottage of your expected arrival time in advance. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly using the contact details in your confirmation.
Please note that check-in and key collection take place at: Karemajojentie 219, ylitornio 95600.
A nice place to stay at. The location of this cottage feels a bit remote, but it's perfect if you want your own peace and quiet.