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Do I REALLY need to have a smear test?
Discussion in 'Health and wellbeing' started by giotto, Mar 11, 2009.
giotto New commenter
I keep getting sent reminders to go for my smear test. The last twice I had one done the nurse said she was having difficulty reaching the neck of the cervix and I wasn't altogether convinced that she'd managed to take a proper sample. However, that's not really my question. I've been married for a very long time (happily married, I might add) and both my husband and I have only ever had sex with each other. Do you know if a smear test is really necessary? What can it tell me?
giotto, Mar 11, 2009
YES!!! it can tell u if u have abnormal cells that may lead to cancer quite simple really
rockhill, Mar 11, 2009
travelwings likes this.
OK, maybe I've misunderstood or put 2 and 2 together to get 5. Recently there was a campaign in school to vaccinate young teenage girls to protect them from something called human papilloma virus(not sure of spelling) which was linked to cervical cancer. I thought that the emphasis was on vaccinating <u>before</u> the girls would become sexually active. This seemed to me to indicate that the vaccination was designed to prevent disease among those having sex, who would probably have it with several (or even many) partners during their lifetime. I suppose what I'm really asking is if these abnormal cells can occur, say, in a woman of 40 or 50 or even older, who has never had sex or has only had it with one person who has also been sexually faithful to them?. For example, would a fifty year old virgin need to have a smear test?
ah40 New commenter
My sister in law went to have one and the nurse couldn't find her cervix so she assured her that she had had 2 babies so defo had one.Next time she went to a special women's clinic to have her smear and said it was brill.they are horrid but only once evry 3 years.
ah40, Mar 11, 2009
qwe
I don't mean it in any way as criticism of your question, but 'need' is an impossible word to define and apply to medical decisions, even though it's done constantly. A blood transfusion is sometimes necessary to prevent death - "need," surely? - but a Jehova's witness might refuse even if death resulted, as for them the (perceived) harm might exceed the benefit.
Here it is much more clearly a balance of benefit vs harm.
The benefit in general terms is in reducing the risk of abnormal cells being allowed to progress to invasive cancer. You are quite right that this is strongly linked to HPV, and that you are highly unlikely to have this. Thus the likelihood that you would benefit from screening is lower for you than for most women, but it is not zero.
The harms I can think of are 1) modest temporary inconvenience, indignity and discomfort - I would hope none of these are prohibitive 2) financial cost to you as a taxpayer: the cost of the overall program is huge, and it would be great if eventually HPV vaccination renders it unnecessary, but for now the program exists and the individualised cost is tiny - so should not cross your mind 3) the possibility that unexpectedly HPV IS found, throwing up all sorts of uncomfortable doubts which ruin your current contentment (but of course any positive findings increase the likelihood that there will be a longer-term health benefit, albeit both one you could rarely prove for an individual as opposed to a population) 4) the possibility that abnormal cells are found for which, because docs are not clairvoyant, you undergo further treatment with all its attendant harms when if left alone these would have spontaneously regressed to normal (for young women these harms include an increased risk of subsequent miscarriage and premature delivery) 5) the mysterious effect by which screening, stastically proven to protect our health, actually leaves us more anxious about our health, which can be a major detriment to quality of life.
I am sure others will think of more harms. Some will feel that none of these non-fatal harms to many women (unless you count miscarriage/prematurity) could compare with the possibility of saving a life or radical surgery in a much smaller number of women. Others will not.
The NHS makes great claims of 'informed consent,' but once it has decided to implement a screening policy such as mammography or cervical smears the information provided, whilst not untrue, does tend to be written in such a way as to encourage "compliance." This is perhaps understandable as both the statistically-determined health benefits and acceptable financial efficiency are only achievable if uptake is high enough.
It is for every woman to make her own individual assessment of the harms and benefits, make her own decision, be prepared to change it, and try not to regret it. Do not let anyone tell you what to do.
PS I believe smear tests are not done on virgins of any age, although definitions are not as easy as you might think. Historically, lesbians have been regarded as in less 'need' (see, doing it myself!) but, depending upon exact sexual practises and whether they or any of their partners have ever has sex with a man, they may have a higher than average risk of invasive cervical cancer. Finally, a smear test requires insertion of a speculum. This is not generally inflicted on ladies who have not have 'foreign bodies' of one form or another inserted previously.
qwe, Mar 12, 2009
Thanks for the post, gwe. Lots to think about.
lapinrose Lead commenter
Please have it done, What it shows is whether or not there are any cellspresent in an abnormal state, which may, or may not, be pre-cancerous. This has nothing to do with the number of sexual partners you have had or how long ago any may have been. Read the information in the link and do have one.
http://www.womenshealthlondon.org.uk/leaflets/cervical/cervical.html
lapinrose, Mar 12, 2009
The likelihood of HPV, abnormal cells and cancer IS related to sexual history. Indeed, the link confirms this, at least for one "extreme" end of the sexual history spectrum - celibacy - by confirming that smears are not recommended.
The link (from 2003) is quite good, but is out of date in at least one respect. Deparment of Health now doesn't recommend smears until 25. This is because at younger ages there was a high incidence of abnormal resuls which didn't really matter but were leading to unnecessary treatments with associated risk of complications in pregnancy - it was felt to be doing more harm than good, although all such decisions have an element of subjectivity/value judgement.
mixu
Jade Goody's sad situation should have you taking up the appointment for a smear test.
mixu, Mar 12, 2009
Whilst most cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV, in rare cases it can be caused by other factors. One of my friends had malignant cells removed following an abnormal smear which was done six months after she had started having sex. The consultant said it was extremely unlikely that the cells could have progressed so far in six months, and therefore it must have started whilst she was still a virgin. Please have the test - go to a GUM clinic if necessary, they have lots of experience of taking awkward samples.
swallowtail, Mar 12, 2009
Cheesecake_Lover
The current HPV vaccine only covers 2 (16 and 18 i think) strands of the virus, and while they are the most common they are not the only ones out there. Furthermore, the virus is not just passed on through sex, it can be through 'contact', so its not just about penerative sexual partners you've had..........without being more graphic!
While HPV is not counted as an STI it is kinda like one. It's in the wart family and it encourages the cells to alter to become cancerous, however, it can be overcome by an immune system and often does in a year or so.
I had abnormal smears in my early 20s, back when they started checking at 21......after 2 years of stress i finially had lazer treatment and have been clear ever since. But i NEVER ignored the appointtments, they would not go to the effort to screen for the potential of cancer for no reason, please put your health first. Cervical cancer is one of the most treatable, but only if its caught early. Sadly, Jade Goody is an example of what can happen if you ignore the appointments...... please go
Cheesecake_Lover, Mar 12, 2009
lilyofthefieldx
Of course you don't NEED to have one. Especially if you're a gambling kind of person. The majority of us will never have cervical cancer, however many partners we have. But it's staistics, innit. If you've only ever had sexual contact with a man who reckons he's never had sexual contact with anyone but you, then statistically, you're doing a lot better than me. But my mother and her mother both smoked forty fags a day all of their adult lives and neither of them had as much as a cough. My next door neighbour however nevr smoked and died of lung cancer last October.
Are youy feeling lucky, punk?
lilyofthefieldx, Mar 12, 2009
deleted335
Go and get one done for peace of mind.
deleted335, Mar 12, 2009
Doitforfree Star commenter
dublinlass said:
It's hardly going to be peace of mind if you get a false result and end up having lots of unnecessary treatment.
I think what the questioner was getting at was how likely someone is to get cervical cancer in her circumctances (very low) balanced against the likelihood of having to have treatment she doesn't need which may be invasive/painful/damaging to health.
Doitforfree, Mar 13, 2009
miss.teach
I agree you should not gamble with your health. I went for my first when when I was 18 or 19. Dreaded it and put it off but eventually did it. I have now had 3 appointments, some of which I have had to go back for. Once for example a sufficient sample was not taken as I have a problem called erosion of the cervix (due to the pill). My point being, they are not nice and you do feel like you're exposed but my thought is, it will be a hell of a lot worse when I have children. Dignity will not be an issue then so I would rather look after my health. The worse thing you can do is tense yourself up as that makes your experience that whole lot worse!
miss.teach, Mar 13, 2009
gruoch Occasional commenter
To reiterate, not all cervical cancers are caused by HPV but those that aren't are virulent.
I have known two young women who developed pre-cancerous cells and actual cancer and neither was exactly generous with her favours. One was married to a monogamous partner and the other had had one partner for less than 6 months.
It is, however, true that most cervical cancers are an STD
And, to be highly specific, you are at far less risk of developing cervical cancer if your partner has been circumcised.
Smear tests are not routinely offered to older women - I'm not sure of the actual cut off age, but I know I'm past it. I still have them, though, as I did have an abnormal smear some years ago.
gruoch, Mar 14, 2009
mfd1
The school nurses (we have three apparently!) came in to explain the HPV vaccine to the Y11s last week. One of them said that the virus transfers through genital contact, so even lesbians should get checked regularly.
(She also said that the smear was 'painless' and that 'a little brush' was inserted...omitted to mention the other device that gets the brush up there. all the teachers were shaking their heads. )
mfd1, Mar 14, 2009
Most cervical cancers are an STD?!
Umm, HPV is passed through sexual contact, however, it is not classed as an STI as it can develop of its own accord, and go away of its own accord. Please note the use of STI now instead of STD.....infections not diseases.......
Furthermore, i'd be careful with statements like that, STIs have a certain amount of blame attached to them, and it could be inferred that someone who gets cervical cancer got it because they were easy and its their fault - as condoms don't protect against HPV i think thats unfair, apart from living like a nun there's not much someone can do!
nizebaby likes this.
gorgybaby
I can't really understand why anyone would not bother to have a screening which is reasonably freely available, which costs you nothing personally, and which takes only a few minutes.
gorgybaby, Mar 15, 2009
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Starlink satellite "Tholian web" – Pentagon's Earth enslavement project?
Starlink (SpaceX) is a project of a near-Earth satellite system developed and implemented by SpaceX, with the goal of creating a cheap and high-performance satellite Internet communication channel and technical transmitters for receiving and transmitting signals from the earth and orbit. A good goal, but is it really so?
Is it really that simple and altruistic? Now the mass of satellites, which have already been put into low orbit, is flying over our heads, including if astronomers swear that these echelons of satellites prevent them from photographing the stars, then the rest of the townsfolk are only touched by looking at these luminous trains of these satellites flying in the night sky.
This satellite network, which has just begun to entangle our planet, is the very "Trojan Horse" with which the Pentagon plans to roll the whole world under its complete domination.
It is difficult to frighten any of the strongest opponents with nuclear weapons – you can get change in the same nuclear. Aircraft carriers can only be scared that there are whales in the ocean, and formidable shouts no longer affect even North Korea or Iran.
What to do? Create a total control system and a combat network of thousands of satellites that will monitor each step of opponents and ordinary citizens, the movement of enemy troops, etc. etc. These satellites can also be weapons. yes – weapons. Ordinary bombs flying in low orbit.
If an opponent like North Korea has a nuclear bomb, then it can counter the sudden drop of 50 satellite bombs, which in minutes will destroy all important defense sites, including launching sites for launching missiles.
And this applies not only to North Korea, but to any country in general. Any country that dared not bend under the Pentagon hegemonic boot.
The Elon Mask StarLink satellite network is nothing but one of the new tools of the Pentagon, thanks to which they hope to gain the possibility of global dominance on our planet Earth.
To date, SpaceX has launched 360 Starlink satellites, with more than 12,000 planned to launch.
A number of users have even managed to take the moment of intersection of two groups of satellites in converging orbits. What happens at this moment? The satellites are not just flying past each other, they are testing a laser communication system. Satellites of the two groups "communicate" with each other.
Laser beams are not visible to the human eye because their wavelengths are not in the spectrum of visible light. Digital cameras can capture a wider range of wavelengths, so it can be seen in video or photographs to see these laser beams.
This whole situation is reminiscent of one episode from the Star Trek science fiction film, The Tholian Web. But what's really happening now is not a movie at all, but the result may be similar to a plot from science fiction – the Pentagon will entangle the Earth with its satellite network, which will enslave humanity once and for all.
The main purpose of the StarLink satellite constellation is not the distribution of free Internet in an attraction of unprecedented generosity, but the creation of a global network of combat control and intelligence.
According to published data from the Pentagon's Space Program Development Agency, by the end of 2022, the U.S. Army wants to have a new constellation of satellite devices in low Earth orbit. The purpose of this satellite constellation is to monitor the launches of air and space objects, target designation and search for ground targets, remote sensing of the earth in various ranges.
Using these tools, the SDA plans to create a large number of satellite devices that will be used for the direct transmission of data to military personnel.
According to plans, by 2024 it is planned to deploy a sufficient number of satellites for a global solution to reconnaissance and combat missions.
The Elon Mask project is in fact a Pentagon project and when 12,000 satellites "for free distribution of the Internet to African countries" will be deployed in low orbit, the Pentagon will have thousands of devices that will be combined into several layers of the matrix satellite structure.
Eight levels of the space matrix constellation of satellites:
– space transport layer – a global mesh network that provides round-the-clock data transmission and communication;
– tracking level – provides tracking, target designation and advanced warning about missile threats;
– custody level – provides all-weather custody of all identified time-critical goals;
– containment level – provides situational observation, detection and tracking of objects in space to help the spacecraft system to avoid collisions;
– navigation level – provides alternative data for positioning, navigation and synchronization in the event that data from GPS satellites is blocked or inaccessible;
– battle management level – control and communication teams are supplemented by artificial intelligence, which provides independent statement of tasks, independent determination of priorities on the processing and distribution board;
– support level – ground command and control facilities and user terminals, as well as quick response services;
– activation of the space transport level, consisting of a mesh network for communication and data transmission in low Earth orbit.
But these are only stated goals and objectives, and what is hidden in the secret part of this project? After all, any of the 12,000 satellites can be a nuclear bomb, which can be dropped from a low orbit to the right places by command, because do not forget that all these satellites are controlled and are in low orbit.
Is it a coincidence that the Pentagon's space program development plans coincide so much with Elon Musk's plans to create StarLink low-orbit satellite constellation?
Interestingly, after highlighting its plans, the Space Development Agency (SDA) realized its mistake and allegedly abandoned plans to create a new set of tracking satellites designed to deter opponents in space.
They acted smarter and did not make noise, used a dummy who supposedly with good intentions launched hundreds of satellites into orbit.
The Pentagon has already begun through Elon Mask to deploy its first global intelligence system in the form of the StarLink satellite constellation. According to plans, the test of this system should be completed in September 2020.
Agree, this is an ideal cover. 12,000 satellites launched by a private company at their own private means, ostensibly in order to shed heaven on mankind in the form of cheap, and for many of the poorest countries, free Internet.
That's just when everything is finished, instead of the manna of the heavenly Internet, a completely different substance can spill that will turn humanity into prisoners on a planet called Earth.
The prisoners on the Pentagon's Tholian Web …
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"Mean" Joe Greene Headlines in Huntington
This Thursday, May 18, the Huntington Townhouse in Huntington, Long Island hosts an exciting night of boxing action. In the main event hot up and coming super middleweight prospect "Mean" Joe Greene (9-0 7 KOs) of Brooklyn, New York battles cagey veteran Derrick Graham (12-7-1 4 KOs) from Newark, New Jersey. The card will also feature competitive bouts featuring light heavyweight Marek Dombroski, bantamweight Angel Fret, and a special women's fight between Susan Warner and Kimberly Tomes.
"Mean" Joe Greene is probably one of the brightest young prospects in boxing. The undefeated super middleweight is a product of the Starrett City boxing Gym in East New York, which is steadily becoming a hotbed for breeding boxing's young stars. Jaidon "The Don" Codrington, Curtis "Showtime" Stevens, Gary "Kid" Stark, former WBA welterweight champion Luis Collazo, and Dmitriy Salita are just some of the few young standout fighters that still train at Starrett City. Greene may have as good or even better credentials than some of the aforementioned prospects. He won the Golden Gloves in 2003 and 2004, the National Golden Gloves in 2004, for which he collected the Golden Boy award for the competition's best fighter, and he came within a hair of qualifying for the 2004 Olympic team, losing to eventual bronze medalist Andre Dirrell in the finals of the Olympic trials 16-13. Later, the Brooklyn native would also be honored with the 2004 Daily News Golden Gloves' Sugar Ray Robinson Award as the tournament's outstanding boxer. Greene started boxing when he was nine and he estimates that his amateur record is 180-4 with 100 knockouts. Don Turner, who worked with Evander Holyfield and Larry Holmes, also trains Greene. On May 18 Greene faces a very cagey opponent in Derrick Graham. Graham a native of Newark has been boxing since 1995 and has been in the ring with the likes of former undisputed junior middleweight champion Winky Wright, as well as contenders Alex Bunema and Ross Thompson. This is an interesting matchup of youth versus experience.
Promoters Frankie G and Ring Promotions have, for the fifth time, made this a charity dinner event. Charity donations are going to be contributed to three very significant organizations, The Veterans from Northport Hospital, the Huntington Manor Fire Department, and the Veteran Boxing Association-Ring 8. For anyone who has been to a Ring Promotions event one thing is for sure: you will get your money's worth. To Promoter Bob Duffy, a 20-year veteran of the sport, nothing is more important than to put on quality fights. This being their 18th show, Ring Promotions have built a very fan-friendly reputation. "Brilliant matchmaking by Pete Brodsky is what makes our events stand out," states Duffy. "No one wants to pay good money to see one-sided fights and first round blowouts. We are committed to bring the fans an exciting night of action and the competitive fights that they deserve." It is this attitude that has made Ring Promotions and Frankie G Productions events a success.
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As we have noted on a few different occasions, OneNote continues to grow on several different platforms from Microsoft, and its pretty apparent that Microsoft wants OneDrive everywhere. On Wednesday, Microsoft announced OneDrives latest victory, placements on Amazon's Kindle Fire and Fire Phone.
Amazon's Fire Phone is the latest darling in the tech world, and its a new and exciting phone platform from Amazon. Both the Fire Phone and Kindle Fire can use a native note taking application, and Microsoft has delivered in on these two platforms as of today.
It was only a few weeks ago, when the Office team released the OneNote app for Amazon's Kindle Fire and Fire Phone, and it got a lot of praise and support from Amazon fans. The latest set of updates released on Wednesday, truly take advantage of the Amazon's great technology and enables great captures from anywhere.
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text:
"""
Python wrappers for various praat scripts contained in /praatScripts.

see **examples/auto_segment_speech.py**, **examples/get_pitch_and_formants.py**,
**klatt_resynthesis.py**
"""

import os
from os.path import join
import io
import csv
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple

from praatio import audio
from praatio import data_points
from praatio.utilities import constants
from praatio.utilities import utils

SILENCE_LABEL = "silent"
SOUND_LABEL = "sound"

def changeGender(
    praatEXE: str,
    wavFN: str,
    outputWavFN: str,
    pitchFloor: float,
    pitchCeiling: float,
    formantShiftRatio: float,
    pitchMedian: float = 0.0,
    pitchRange: float = 1.0,
    duration: float = 1.0,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    """Changes the speech formants in a file using praat's change gender function

    PitchMedian = 0.0; no change in median pitch
    PitchRange = 1.0; no change in pitch range

    Uses the following praat command:
    https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Sound__Change_gender___.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "change_gender.praat")

    #  Praat crashes on exit after resynthesis with a klattgrid
    utils.runPraatScript(
        praatEXE,
        scriptFN,
        [
            wavFN,
            outputWavFN,
            pitchFloor,
            pitchCeiling,
            formantShiftRatio,
            pitchMedian,
            pitchRange,
            duration,
        ],
    )

def changeIntensity(
    praatEXE: str,
    wavFN: str,
    outputWavFN: str,
    newIntensity: float,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    """Changes the intensity of the wavFN (in db)

    Uses the following praat command:
    https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Sound__Scale_intensity___.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "change_intensity.praat")

    #  Praat crashes on exit after resynthesis with a klattgrid
    utils.runPraatScript(praatEXE, scriptFN, [wavFN, outputWavFN, newIntensity])

def getFormants(
    praatEXE: str,
    inputWavFN: str,
    outputTxtFN: str,
    maxFormant: float,
    stepSize: float = 0.01,
    window_length: float = 0.025,
    preemphasis: float = 50,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
    undefinedValue: Optional[str] = None,
) -> List:
    """Get F1, F2, and F3 for the audio file

    maxFormant = 5500 for females, 5000 for males, <8000 for children

    Uses the following praat command:
    https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Sound__To_Formant__burg____.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "get_formants.praat")

    argList = [
        inputWavFN,
        outputTxtFN,
        stepSize,
        maxFormant,
        window_length,
        preemphasis,
        -1,
        -1,
    ]
    utils.runPraatScript(praatEXE, scriptFN, argList)

    # Load the output
    path, fn = os.path.split(outputTxtFN)
    with open(os.path.join(path, fn), "r", encoding="utf-8") as fd:
        csvFile = csv.reader(fd)
        dataList = [row for row in csvFile]

    # The new praat script includes a header
    if dataList[0][0] == "time":
        dataList = dataList[1:]

    # Handle undefined values, convert values to float
    returnList = []
    for row in dataList:
        keep = True
        for i in range(1, 4):
            if "--" in row[i]:
                if undefinedValue is not None:
                    row[i] = undefinedValue
                else:
                    keep = False
                    break

        if keep is True:
            returnList.append([float(val) for val in row])

    return returnList

def getPulses(
    praatEXE: str,
    inputWavFN: str,
    outputPointTierFN: str,
    minPitch: float,
    maxPitch: float,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
) -> data_points.PointObject1D:
    """Gets the pitch/glottal pulses for an audio file.

    Uses the following praat command:
    http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Sound___Pitch__To_PointProcess__peaks____.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "get_pulses.praat")

    argList = [inputWavFN, outputPointTierFN, minPitch, maxPitch]
    utils.runPraatScript(praatEXE, scriptFN, argList)

    # Load the output
    pointObj = data_points.open1DPointObject(outputPointTierFN)

    return pointObj

def getSpectralInfo(
    praatEXE: str,
    inputWavFN: str,
    inputTGFN: str,
    outputCSVFN: str,
    tierName: str,
    spectralPower: int = 2,
    spectralMoment: int = 3,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
) -> Tuple[List, List]:
    """Extracts various spectral measures from an audio file

    Measures include: center_of_gravity, standard_deviation
    skewness, kertosis, central_movement

    Uses the following praat command:
    http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Spectrum.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "get_spectral_info.praat")

    argList = [
        inputWavFN,
        inputTGFN,
        outputCSVFN,
        tierName,
        spectralPower,
        spectralMoment,
    ]
    utils.runPraatScript(praatEXE, scriptFN, argList)

    # Load the output
    with io.open(outputCSVFN, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fd:
        data = fd.read()

    dataList = data.rstrip().split("\n")
    dataListOfLists = [row.split(",") for row in dataList]
    titleRow, mainDataListOfLists = dataListOfLists[0], dataListOfLists[1:]

    return titleRow, mainDataListOfLists

def resynthesizePitch(
    praatEXE: str,
    inputWavFN: str,
    pitchFN: str,
    outputWavFN: str,
    minPitch: float,
    maxPitch: float,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
    pointList: Optional[List] = None,
) -> None:
    """Resynthesizes the pitch in a wav file with the given pitch contour file

    The pitch track to use can optionally be passed in as pointList.  If
    so, it will be saved as pitchFN for praat to be able to use.

    Uses the following praat command:
    https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Manipulation.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "resynthesize_pitch.praat")

    if pointList is not None:
        dur = audio.WavQueryObj(inputWavFN).getDuration()
        pointObj = data_points.PointObject2D(
            pointList, constants.DataPointTypes.PITCH, 0, dur
        )
        pointObj.save(pitchFN)

    utils.runPraatScript(
        praatEXE, scriptFN, [inputWavFN, pitchFN, outputWavFN, minPitch, maxPitch]
    )

def resynthesizeDuration(
    praatEXE: str,
    inputWavFN: str,
    durationTierFN: str,
    outputWavFN: str,
    minPitch: float,
    maxPitch: float,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    """Resynthesizes the duration in a wav file with the given duration tier

    Uses the following praat command:
    https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Manipulation.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "resynthesize_duration.praat")

    utils.runPraatScript(
        praatEXE,
        scriptFN,
        [inputWavFN, durationTierFN, outputWavFN, minPitch, maxPitch],
    )

def annotateSilences(
    praatEXE: str,
    inputWavPath: str,
    outputTGPath: str,
    minPitch: float = 100,
    timeStep: float = 0.0,
    silenceThreshold: float = -25.0,
    minSilDur: float = 0.1,
    minSoundDur: float = 0.1,
    silentLabel: str = SILENCE_LABEL,
    soundLabel: str = SOUND_LABEL,
    scriptFN: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    """Marks the silences and non-silences of an audio file

    Uses the praat command:
    https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Sound__To_TextGrid__silences____.html
    """
    if scriptFN is None:
        scriptFN = join(utils.scriptsPath, "annotate_silences.praat")

    utils.runPraatScript(
        praatEXE,
        scriptFN,
        [
            inputWavPath,
            outputTGPath,
            minPitch,
            timeStep,
            silenceThreshold,
            minSilDur,
            minSoundDur,
            silentLabel,
            soundLabel,
        ],
    )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"If you say 'air pollution' to someone, they don't necessarily think about what is happening inside their homes."
After settling into my shoebox-sized Manhattan apartment, I discovered that my elderly neighbor across the hall spent most of his time chain-smoking with his door open. Clouds of smoke poured into our hallway and seeped under my door. As a freelance writer, I'd spend hours sitting at my desk, trying to work, and struggling to breathe.
It was a bumpy introduction to big-city living. But what I hadn't realized was that I was far from alone in suffering from poor air quality inside my home.
Most of us are familiar with the kind of air pollution caused by car exhaust or wildfires. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found that indoor air can be anywhere from two to five times as polluted as outdoor air. Household air pollution is one of the world's greatest environmental health risks, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, a 2012 WHO study found that complications from breathing dirty indoor air are responsible for 4.3 million premature deaths each year, mostly in developing countries, where billions of people burn coal or wood to fuel indoor cooking.
Indoor air pollution "is one of the unrecognized environmental justice issues of our time," according to Jonathan Levy, an environmental health professor at Boston University's School of Public Health. He researches air pollution and equity issues in urban areas, and he notes that the homes of low-income families or public housing units tend to be smaller or not as structurally sound, and will have more indoor air pollution as a result.
While some sources of pollution are out of your hands, plenty of others are a result of factors you can control. Knowing what they are is the first step to improving air quality in your home.
Smog clinging to the skyline of Paris. Indoor air pollution isn't always as visible as outdoor pollution.
While outdoor air pollution can certainly make its way indoors through open windows or cracks in poorly sealed buildings, one of the biggest sources of dirty household air actually comes from cooking or anything involving combustion ― that is, lighting something on fire ― says Gary Adamkiewicz, a professor of environmental health and exposure disparities at Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
That's because when you light up natural gas on a stove, it releases compounds like nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide, pollutants that are also released by fuel-burning cars and are regulated by the EPA because they irritate the lungs. So if a stove doesn't have a good ventilation system (usually in the form of a range hood) that can push the cooking fumes outside, home-dwellers will have to breathe it. A 2014 study from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory actually found that 60 percent of Southern California homes had stoves that were so poorly ventilated that they made the indoor air even more polluted than the levels the EPA has ruled as safe for outdoors.
Indoor smoking is also a huge source of household pollution, as I was unfortunate enough to learn. My neighbor eventually agreed to close his door, which was a relief, because a little paranoid Googling had yielded scary stats on what's known as "thirdhand smoke"— when particles of nicotine and other tobacco byproducts will actually stick to the walls, rugs, and other surfaces long after the cigarette has been put out. When it's mixed into household dust and other toxins in the air, thirdhand smoke may cause cancer, though scientists say more research needs to be done.
Particles from thirdhand smoke can cling to items in your home.
"What happens in a home in terms of your exposure to environmental pollutants is, in many ways, hidden," Adamkiewicz says.
And that's certainly the case when it comes to the cleaning products, air fresheners, and personal care products we keep inside our homes. The non-profit Environmental Working Group tested over 2,000 cleaning products, and found that many of them contain chemicals that are linked to asthma, allergies, or even cancer. EWG found that, because product manufacturers aren't required to disclose all their ingredients, many of them don't. So, there's a lot we still don't know.
Many air fresheners, for example, contain phthalates, which mimic certain hormones found naturally in the body and can potentially disrupt the body's endocrine or reproductive systems.
Both experts we spoke to said consumers should try to limit the sources of pollution they have control over, like scented candles and cigarette smoke, and to make sure the home has proper ventilation in areas such as the kitchen. Portable air filters can be a good solution for cleaning indoor air, as long as it has a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, meaning it can rid the air of the tiny particles that can get caught in the lungs, which exacerbate asthma and are linked to heart attacks. Vacuums can be made with HEPA filters, too.
When it comes to buying cleaning or personal care products, read the lists of ingredients, and avoid the ones containing phthalates, formaldehyde, flame retardants, bisphenol A (found in plastics), or perfluorinated chemicals (found in non-stick pans or stain-resistant furniture). You can check the EWG's cleaning product database here.
Oh, and don't smoke indoors!


You'll Say Wow Carpet, rug and upholstery Cleaning Christchurch provide quality, professional, steam cleaning and stain removal services for your carpet, rugs and upholstery. We provide our services in your home and commercial premises.
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You'll Say Wow Carpet Cleaning Christchurch offers comprehensive carpet care and stain removal advice.


Research Shasta Ethernet Fiber Internet Services Instantly Online!
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August l3th starting at 5pm Grove City Appreciation Supper at Windmill Park. Free to Grove City residents only. It is sponsored by the local and surrounding businesses in appreciation for your patronage throughout the year. Bring your own plate, utensils, and lawn chair or blanket to sit on.
animals for the petting zoo, call the city clerk's office at 320-857-7322.


text:
Five unbeatable road trips in the UK
When you hear the words 'road trip', you could be forgiven for automatically thinking of America's Route 66, or Australia's East coast. However, we shouldn't forget the amazing offerings on our own shores.
So, with the music on and windows down — or the roof if you can and the weather permits — here are some of the best road trips the UK has to offer:
Scotland's North Coast
Let's start at the top. While the Proclaimers may believe in walking 500 miles, this route of the same distance is more suited to the car. The circular route takes in some of Scotland's finest countryside, offering up an array of ruins, rugged fairways, castles and beaches for your viewing pleasure along the way.
The isolated route is an amazing way to escape the urban life and traffic congestions, skirting the coast from Inverness towards Bealach na Bà. With the trip recommended to take between four and seven days, a wise word of warning is it only offers sparse accommodation options, so be sure to plan your pit stops accordingly.
Northern Ireland's coastal route
Journey across the Irish Sea and, while not as long as it's Scottish counterpart, Northern Ireland's coastal route is a must for scenery lovers. Offering bustling towns, peaceful lakelands, forests and cliffs, it's no wonder Lonely Planet labelled the 'wee country' a must-visit destination.
As part of a five-day adventure, be sure to take the Causeway coastal route for exquisite views over the Mull of Kintyre, before taking a break to venture across the Carrick-a-Rede rope bridge which hangs tentatively over an 80ft chasm. Bushmills, home to the world's oldest licensed distillery, is also along the route, before you head towards one of nature's wonders — the Giant's Causeway. Make sure you ask the locals about the mythological Finn McCool!
Other hotspots worth visiting include the Ulster American Folk Park just outside of Omagh, which details why two million people left Ulster for America in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the ruins of medieval Dunluce Caste which teeters on the edge of the ocean. Northern Ireland really is a green dream.
Black Mountain Pass, Wales
Being only 22 miles long, it's simple to complete the Welsh route and head home after a day, but it's certainly worth spending more time here. The epic mountain road takes in the amazing scenery of the Brecon Beacons and unrivalled views of the Tywi Valley.
Fans of Top Gear have labelled this the 'Top Gear road', thanks to Jeremy Clarkson's journeys on the route, and you'll be likely to spot rustic farmhouses, farmers and the odd sheep. Its windy roads allow you to test your driving skills as you sweep through the twists and turns down in the valleys. It's recommended you tackle the route from north to south.
The Atlantic Highway
On the North Cornwall coast, this 76-mile stretch begins in Barnstaple and finishes up in Newquay. It takes in some of the most breath-taking coastlines that the UK has to offer. Constantine Bay and Bedruthan Steps are both visible along the route, giving any budding photographers an opportunity to capture the perfect snap.
With access to some of the county's prettiest fishing villages, as well as being the setting for Doc Martin, the route also known as the A39 leads to a mass of impressive beaches and the picturesque clifftop castle at Tintagel.
Would a list of UK destinations really be complete without a mention for the Lake District? Arguably the most scenic location in Britain, there are as many as 15 wonderful driving routes to take in all it has to offer and bask in its awesomeness. Home of Beatrix Potter and William Wordsworth, the North West's idyllic location offers up an array of stunning landscapes, mountains and pretty towns in which to have a pit stop.
Highlights that are a necessity include the quintessential scenery on show around Keswick, Borrowdale and Buttermere — you'll be sure to fall in love with the area come rain or shine. Try to take in Lake Windermere for a play about on the water and Coniston Water, where Donald Campbell set many of his water speed records.
And, of course, key to any road trip is having a car worthy of spending your time in. The Vauxhall Corsa could be just that car. Twenty-five years on from the first model, the surprisingly spacious vehicle is suitable for the long roads and offers a budget-friendly option for you to hit the road in.
https://www.roughguides.com/article/best-road-trips-in-the-uk/
https://www.ireland.com/en-us/what-is-available/touring-holidays/car-touring/articles/5-day-northern-ireland-driving-itinerary/
https://www.express.co.uk/travel/activity/531353/Best-road-trips-in-the-UK
https://www.driving.co.uk/mazda-great-drives/great-drives-far-from-the-herd-on-the-black-mountain-pass/
https://www.avis.co.uk/drive-avis/driving-guides/great-drives/lake-district-road-trip
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/vauxhall/vauxhall-insignia-country-tourer-driven-best-vauxhall-lot/
Everyone knows about Route 66 in the US or touring the East coast of Australia, but what does the UK have
to offer? This article will look at the most scenic and pleasurable drives on our shores. It will also link to Vauxhall via an end section which states cars which are best suited to road trips in terms of comfort and affordability.
Cyclist, foodie, band member, vintage furniture lover and product designer. Doing at the nexus of simplicity and sustainability to craft meaningful ideas that endure. I sometimes make random things with friends.
Things to Never Forget When Traveling with a Chronic Illness
Four Reasons to Visit Vienna this Summer
The Best Cities to Visit in 2018
3 Ways to Eliminate the Threat of Cyber Security
What You Need to Do to Become a Healthcare Administrator
Enjoy Your Vacations In Sicily
5 Best Places to Plan a Last-Minute Warm Getaway This Holiday Season
4 Places to Visit in Missouri
Tweets by joy_of_creating
© joyofcreating


Faber Castell Gelatos Gift Set - Double Scoop. These Gelatos are twice the size of regular Gelatos. The color glides easily onto papers and can then be dissolved with water to create watercolor effects or left to dry for vibrant color. Perfect for projects on larger surface areas. This 9.125x10.125x.875 inch package contains 23 pieces including 2 stamps, 2 sponge wedges, a paintbrush and 18 gelatos, colours including Guava, Bubble Gum, Red Cherry, Mango, Lemon, Margarita Mix, Green Tea, Snow Cone, Blueberry, Raspberry, Coconut, Black Licorice, Chocolate, Butterscotch, Silver Ice, Gold Champagne, Metallic Melon and Metallic Mint.


text:
Central European Journal of Educational Research
About the Journal Anti-plagiarism policy Copyright Notice Privacy Statement Editorial Team Contact
Vol 1, No 1. (2019)
##issue.tableOfContents##
Policy Against Drop-out in Italy
Maddalena Colombo
In this essay I set out the current situation of Early School Leaving (ESL) in Italy by considering both data provided by institutional sources (national and international) and a review of the most recent contributions from the educational work that have been done intensively to fight against ESL over the last 20 years. I will argue that the way f...ollowed so far will not lead to surprising results, due to deep and structural persisting factors of inequality. After a short overview on the position of Italy in the European rankings, the article recalls the main interventions that took place in the country by different investors (public and non-public), setting up a multiplicity of fragmented macro-politics. Then I will look at the mechanisms of differentiation and unequal distribution of educational opportunities and I will conclude with suggestions on how to make the fight against ESL more efficient and forward-looking.
Show full abstract
The interaction of meso and macro contexts with students' careers. Three applied analysis
Alessandra Decataldo;
Andrea Amico;
Giampiero D'Alessandro
This paper presents three applied analysis. Our principal interest is to understand how meso (university level) and macro (national level) contexts interact with micro phenomena such as students' careers. To achieve this aim, the paper shows a secondary analysis of longitudinal administrative data by means of Sequence Analysis and Event History ...Models. Furthermore, it shows the results of an additional analysis using a quasi-experimental research on longitudinal data. The paper examines typical pathways of Italian students, by means of administrative information's on student enrollment from Sapienza University of Rome. The aim of this paper is triple: 1. describe students' careers in higher education by building a typology of pathways using Sequence Analysis. 2. Identify how socio-economic and macro level characteristics affect students' careers by multinomial logistic regression model where clusters are used as dependent variables and focus on the study of the "event" by using Event History analysis. 3. Evaluate the Italian Higher Education reform policies and their main outcomes throughout a quasi-experimental research. Mainly, the outcomes show the importance of the warming-up period, the individual choice and the exogenous events after enrolment in determining the success/failure of each career. Our outcomes suggest that Italian universities should rethink the mechanisms available to manage failure and guide student choices.
For the Sake of the Cause – Persistence of Romanian Higher Education Students in Finishing their Studies
Emese Berei
As a consequence of the expansion in higher education, the number of students has increased and the academic population has diversified but at the same time the university dropout has become a general problem since the last century (Trow, 2005; Kozma, 2010; Barro & Jong, 2013; Stanciu, 2014; Berei, 2018). In this paper, I proposed to analyze t...he persistence of students from 5 universities from Romania. We examine at institutional and individual level the perspective of their willingness to finish their studies. In partnership with the Center for Higher Education Research and Development - Hungary, named CHERD – H, from the University of Debrecen, was collected dates among students in 2012 (N=1323) and in 2014 - 2015 (N=323). Through a quantitative analysis, on a longitudinal perspective, I used SPSS statistical program to analyze data. The question of the research was: is there any difference between students` intentions to graduate on private and state institutions Who is intending to finish and who is preparing to abandon his study I concluded that students with unfavorable family background have nearly two times lower chance to enroll at state university and in private institutions students intention to enter into possesion of diploma was significant lower. With logistic regression I found also, that low financial status or low schooling of parents is not a significant obstacle on student academic path if they make every effort to participate in educational programs, submit assignments on time and are able to prepare for exams.
Dropped-out Students and the Decision to Drop-out in Hungary
Gabriella Pusztai;
Hajnalka Fényes;
Fruzsina Szigeti;
Katalin Pallay
The interpretation of the phenomenon of student dropout, which represents a waste of a relatively large proportion of human and material capital in the social, individual and institutional domain, is impossible without examining dropout students. In this study, we analysed the DEPART 2018 database, which contains data from 605 Hungarian dropout st...udents. We tried to identify higher education dropout scenarios and pointed out that higher educational dropout is a complex phenomenon. Based on the students' reports on their interpretation and evaluation of their dropouts, four student clusters were created. We compared the groups with their socio-cultural background and their decision to drop out from higher education, and their assessment of that decision. The most important result of the study is that it identifies a new group in addition to the international dropout types, and provides a detailed picture that calls our attention to the diversity of dropout groups, thereby moving beyond the over-generalised image of the dropout student.
Different Forms of Civil Activity and Employment in Hungary and Abroad, and the Development of Student Drop-out
Valéria Markos;
Zsófia Kocsis;
Ágnes Réka Dusa
Young people involved in higher education have created a specific culture, to which, in addition to their studies, social and cultural activities associated with university life are also related (Kozma, 2006). Among these activities, student employment and participation in civic organizations should be highlighted. Voluntary and paid work among hi...gher education students is increasing. These activities have several advantages in terms of future benefits; however, the attracting role of the labour market is one possible reason for dropout. In our current research, we emphasize the role of employment and civil activity in the development of student dropout. Masevičiūtė et al. (2018) found that a quarter of students stopped studying for work-related reasons. In addition, a negative perception of the marketability of the course they are on may lead to the interruption of university studies. In our study, we analysed the extent to which students are willing to interrupt their higher education studies in exchange for voluntary work. In our current research, we examined how often and for what reasons students who dropped out did paid work and volunteering during their studies.
The Connection between Extracurricular, Leisure Time Activities, Religiosity and the Reasons for Drop-out
Judit Váradi;
Zsuzsanna Demeter-Karászi;
Klára Kovács
The interruption of tertiary education and the reduction in the dropout rate have been a central issue in educational sociology and education research. Exploring the possible reasons for dropping out can significantly contribute to reducing the trend. Our aim is to map the links between students dropping out and individual factors. Consequently, w...e investigate the connection between extracurricular and leisure-time activities, health behaviour and religiosity in relation to dropout. This is explained by the fact that one of the axioms of the literature on dropout is that belonging to civil networks usually strengthens the commitment to the successful completion of studies. In our analysis, we used the database created during the research carried out in 2018 by the Center for Higher Education Research and Development (CHERD-H) in the framework of project No. 123847 of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary, entitled The Role of Social and Organisational Factors in Student Dropout (DEPART 2018, N=605). Our results show that the neglect of study obligations among those who are disappointed in the course and further education is closely related to the shift in value preferences and an increase in the time spent with entertainment activities and partying. It can also be stated that students take part indifferent types of extracurricular activities only to a limited extent, and the different forms of participation in activities and religiosity are not related to the causes of dropout.
At the Crossroad of Cultures: Education and Identity of Hungarian Deaf Learners in Romania
Emese Belényi
Deaf people living in ethnic-national minority situation form a social group whose members have multiple cultural backgrounds. Starting from interpretations which are viewing the deaf child as a member of a distinct cultural and linguistic minority, I studied the education of Hungarian deaf pupils in Romania graduating from the Hungarian Special S...chool in Cluj/Kolozsvár/Klausenburg, with particular regard to the relationship between formal and informal language use in school, communication culture and identity. Methodologically the research is based on life path interviews with Hungarian Deaf Special School graduates, family case studies of two or three generation deaf families and structured interviews with experienced educators. The research results reveal that the educational practice of the concerned educational institution strengthens the pupils' identity awareness and sense of belonging to the Hungarian nation in two distinct, still interconnected ways: on the one hand, through oral language acquisition, nursing the oral Hungarian language skills, and on the other hand through cultivating the Hungarian Sign Language embedded in the deaf culture within the learner community. Nowadays, the conditions and modalities of exercising this role are changing in several respects. The positive educational effects achieved so far can be reinforced and strengthened by educational policies based on the recognition and cultivation of cultural diversity, in all its complex and multifaceted manifestations, including the peculiar needs of ethnic minority deaf learners.
Non-completed Studies: What Factors Affect Academic Success or Failure?
Edina Kovács
The ratio of early school leavers is 12.5 in Hungary, which means 22nd place within the EU28. Early school leaving is an important issue in all European countries, because those who finished their studies after primary education are more likely unemployed and it causes problems for both them and the society. Higher educational drop-out also an imp...ortant issue, although for other reasons than early school leaving. It is even more difficult to find precise data on this: we don't know what proportion of the students is affected by this in Hungary. In this study I analyze the database of the Hungarian Youth Research 2016. This survey was conducted on a representative sample of 15-29 year olds, questioning 8,000 people, therefore, early school leavers and higher educational drop-outs should be found among the interviewees. The results show that early school leavers have significantly worse status both financial and cultural. Some of those who had finished only primary school think that they have successfully completed their studies. They answered that despite 18.3 percent of them have started a vocational training, which didn't finish. Despite the expectations, not much is known about the higher educational drop-outs. 4.5 percent of the interviewees did not answer the question of whether they had completed their studies: they are probably the drop-outs, but we can just assume that. The results show that they have better cultural status than the others.
Higher Education Research on the Issue of Dropout
Zsolt Kristóf
Book review on Pusztai, G., Szigeti, F. (eds.): Dropout and Persistence in Higher Education. Debrecen University Press, University of Debrecen, 2018.


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"God Works Through Abraham"
by Morning Meditation
It would be foreign to our purpose to attempt a description of the luxuriance of that Chaldean land, watered by its two mighty streams [The Euphrates and the Tigris], and in which the grain crop was of marvelous abundance, and the date-palm attained to an extraordinary growth, repaying richly the scanty labors of the people; and where pomegranates and apples, grapes and tamarisks grow wild. Suffice it to say, that it was a long green strip of garden land, sufficient to attract and maintain vast populations of men, and specially suitable for the settlement of those shepherd tribes which required extensive pasture lands for their herds and flocks.
These sons of Ham were grossly IDOLATROUS. In that clear transparent atmosphere, the heavenly bodies blazed with extraordinary effulgence, beguiling the early Chaldeans into a system of Nature worship, which speedily became identified with rites of gross indulgence and impurity, such as those into which humanity always falls, when it refuses to retain God in its knowledge, and gives itself up to the dictates of its own carnal lusts. The race seemed verging again on the brink of those horrible and unnatural crimes which had already necessitated its almost total destruction; and it was evident that some expedient must be speedily adopted to arrest the progress of moral defilement, and to save mankind. This enterprise was undertaken by Him, whose delights have ever been with the sons of men, and who, in after days, could say, with majestic emphasis, "Before Abraham was, I AM." And He accomplished His purpose then, as so often since, by SEPARATING to Himself one man, that through him and his descendants, when they had been thoroughly purified and prepared, He might operate upon the fallen race of man, recalling it to Himself and elevating it by a moral lever, working on a pivot outside itself. F. B. Meyer
Will you invite the same God to work in and through your life this day?


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Home Soul Singer Melissa Bell
Soul Singer
Discover Melissa Bell Net Worth, Salary, Biography, Height, Dating, Wiki. Scroll below to learn details information about Melissa Bell's salary, estimated earning, lifestyle, and Income reports.
Melissa Bell Net Worth
Does Melissa Dead or Alive?
Melissa Bell is best known as a Soul Singer. Grammy Award wining American singer known best for being the lead of the music group Soul II Soul. She was born on March 5, 1964 in United States. She worked with fellow singer Liza Minnelli. She released an early single called Rumbled se* in 1997 on the Elements of Sound record label.
On TRENDCELEBSNOW.COM, She is one of the successful Soul Singer. She has ranked on the list of those famous people who were born on March 5, 1964. She is one of the Richest Soul Singer who was born in United States.
First Name Melissa
Last Name Bell
Profession Soul Singer
Died Aug 28, 2017 ( age 53)
Birth Sign Pisces
Birth Date March 5, 1964
Birthday March 5
Birth Place United States
She also worked as the lead singer of the group Soul Explosion which formed in 1999.
Melissa Bell's estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & much more details has been updated below. Let's check, How Rich is Melissa Bell in 2020?
Income Source Primary Income source Soul Singer (profession).
As per our current Database, Melissa Bell has been died on Aug 28, 2017 ( age 53).
Melissa Bell Age in this year?
Melissa Bell has been died on Aug 28, 2017 ( age 53)
How old is Melissa? Does She Dead or Alive?
She has been died on Aug 28, 2017 ( age 53).
Why is Melissa Bell famous?
Melissa Bell become popular for being a successful Soul Singer.
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New Zealand is a beautiful island country that is located near the south-western pacific ocean. Each year, millions of people from around the world visit this country for a vacation. There is no shortage of fun things to do in this country. New Zealand has numerous attractions and some of the most popular include: Christchurch Botanical Gardens, Auckland Zoo, Orana Wildlife Park and the Auckland Art Gallery.
Christchurch Botanical gardens is a place where a person can just relax and forget about the cares of the world. This attraction features some of the most beautiful plants in the world. The Christchurch Botanical gardens also includes several walking tracks. Another one of the great things about this attraction is that there is no admission charge.
New Zealand is known for having some of the most exotic animals in the world. Visitors can find many of these exotic animals at the Auckland Zoo. Monkeys and rhinos are just two of the many animals that people can see when they visit this zoo. Those who have school-aged children will also enjoy Auckland Zoo because it has several outreach programs that give children an opportunity to have fun while learning. This attraction is also free for children who are under 3.
The Orana Wildlife Park is a place where people can see some of the endangered species. Rhinos, Cheetahs and Giraffes are a few of the many species that are found in this park. People also have the opportunity to make to hand feed the animals. Additionally, there is also the option of having getting a private tour of Orana Wildlife Park. Children who are under the age of 4 are admitted for free.
New Zealand is also known for being a city that is filled with art and culture. People have the chance to view some of that beautiful art at the Auckland Art Gallery. This attraction was recently renovated to include several more exhibits. The Auckland Art Gallery also offers private tours, lectures and holiday programs. Admission is free for all ages.
New Zealand is a beautiful country that everyone should try to visit at least once in their lifetime. New Zealand holidays can be very expensive, but saving up money in advance will allow a person to make a visit to this country. Additionally, those who book in advance will be able to get cheap international flights.
I remember seeing so many monkeys when I went to Thailand.
Thank you for inviting me here today " I said my voice sounding nothing like me. "I'm here to testify about things I've seen and experienced myself. I'm here because the human race has become more powerful than ever. We've gone to the moon. Our crops resist diseases and pests. We can stop and restart a human heart. And we've harvested vast amounts of energy for everything from night-lights to enormous super-jets. We've even created new kinds of people, like me.
Cheap Flights to Auckland: "But everything mankind" - I frowned - "personkind has accomplished has had a price. One that we're all gonna have to pay."
I heard coughing and shifting in the audience. I looked down at my notes and all the little black words blurred together on the page. I just could not get through this.
I put the speech down picked up the microphone and came out from behind the podium.
"Look " I said. "There's a lot of official stuff I could quote and put up on the screen with PowerPoint. But what you need to know what the world needs to know is that we're really destroying the earth in a bigger and more catastrophic was than anyone has ever imagined.
"I mean I've seen a lot of the world the only world we have. Flights to Auckland: There are so many awesome beautiful tings in it. Waterfalls and mountains thermal pools surrounded by sand like white sugar. Field and field of wildflowers. Places where the ocean crashes up against a mountainside like it's done for hundreds of thousands of years.
"I've also seen concrete cities with hardly any green. And rivers whose pretty rainbow surfaces came from an oil leak upstream. Animals are becoming extinct right now in my lifetime. Just recently I went through one of the worst hurricanes ever recorded. It was a whole lot worse because of huge worldwide climatic changes caused by... us. We the people."
"A more perfect union While huge corporations do whatever they want to whoever they want and other people live in subway tunnels Where's the justice of that Kids right here in America go to be hungry every night while other people get four-hundred-dollar haircuts. Promote the general welfare Where's the General welfare in strip-mining toxic pesticides industrial solvents being dumped into rivers killing everything Domestic Tranquility Ever sleep in a forest that's being clear-cut You'd be hearing chain saws in your head for weeks. The blessings of liberty Yes. I'm using one of the blessings of liberty right now my freedom of speech to tell you guys who make the laws that the very ground you stand on the house you live in the children you tuck in at night are all in immediate catastrophic danger.


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Vince Rugari May 04, 2011 Comment
THE KING OF ADELAIDE
In a world of global megastars and inflated egos, Adelaide United midfielder Marcos Flores presents a unique and complex case study into what it means to be a humble footballing role model.
The scene is a local football ground in Adelaide, South Australia. It's the middle of the A-League finals in a blazing summer and Adelaide United midfield maestro Marcos Flores is out doing a photo shoot with local newspaper The Advertiser. Naturally when a sports star comes to the heart of suburbia, the fans come flocking. For some footballers, raising levels of attention can be nothing more than a nuisance; a pesky side effect of fame.
Not Flores, a man of the people. After the shoot, instead of hopping in his car and evading the prying eyes and swamps of children, he gets a ball out and takes them to the back pitch. There, he starts a large game of kickabout and plays football with his adoring fans. For four hours.
"He's great like that," says The Advertiser's Val Migliaccio, Adelaide's pre-eminent football scribe who was on hand that day to see Argentine Flores create a park football memory those kids will never forget. "He's done that before. He turns up to local clubs and meets a few of the boys and all of a sudden he's out training. He spends time with anyone. It's just who he is."
The 'Beckham effect' takes a stranglehold on mainstream media - but the Marcos Flores effect is more of a serenade that charms the pants off the grassroots. It began in January 2010, when the 25-year-old was lured to South Australia from extreme obscurity in the Chilean top flight. Adelaide, like the rest of the A-League, was on the hunt for an attacking, creative, game-breaking midfielder. United legend Carl Veart found Flores, the trequartista from Reconquista, Argentina - and he had something special. Once he was discovered, he was pursued and courted and after a year he was prised from Curicó Unido and brought to Adelaide who were in crisis.
At the tail end of a hugely disappointing 2009/2010 season that saw the Reds finish anchored to the bottom of the A-League table, Flores' wizardry was the imputes for revival. He played in the last two games of that campaign and turned them into rare wins, but that was a mere entree of what United fans would be treated to the year after.
Flores played on with invention and pizzazz but added endurance and toughness to his bag of skills and conquered the A-League. Dutch striker Sergio van Dijk has Flores' and his inch-perfect through balls to thank for teeing up a chunk of the 16 goals that earned him the league's golden boot. His status as an elite midfielder in the competition was confirmed with the A-League's highest individual honour, the Johnny Warren Medal, bestowed upon him in March.
"He's probably the only true number 10 the A-League has. When you give him the ball there's always the unexpected that could happen," Migliaccio says, having seen few players of Flores' calibre in his 17 years of coverage. "He can thread the ball through the eye of a needle, he's got vision and he does things which other players wouldn't normally try. They might try it in the parklands or in training but not on the pitch. That's what excites the fans."
But what takes those fans beyond mere excitement and into full-blown awe and admiration is his Flores' magic off the pitch. When sporting executives preach the mantra of 'community engagement', they should really be using Flores as a case study. Of course, football is still a minnow in Australia when compared to the dominant sporting codes - Australian rules and rugby league - that together hold a duopoly over the island nation's sporting, media and cultural sectors. But while stars of those sports find themselves in endless trouble, Flores finds a way to cut through the noise and is the model ambassador for football in parochial Adelaide.
"They're really cold and reserved," Migliaccio says of the stars of the 'eggball' codes, who consistently find ways to ruin their sport's hefty investment in community engagement with extreme and idiotic controversy – like the twisted tale of rugby league player Joel Monaghan, sacked by the Canberra Raiders late last year after a picture of him receiving oral sex from a dog circulated on Twitter. Read that again.
But Flores is cut from a different, more authentic cloth. "As far as sportspeople are concerned, the way Marcos conducts himself... it's not for show. It's just who he is." Flores is a dreamboat; the kind of guy you would take home to meet your mother, even if you were a straight celibate male. Had he not been gifted with a unique football ability that clubs around the world offer millions for, he could easily make a living starring in magazine ads for Calvin Klein. Tall, dark, slender, handsome and effortlessly cool, he sports the kind of designer stubble that Hollywood stylists spend hours on replicating. It all strikes a chord with the Adelaide public, whose pockets of Mediterranean lineage have taken a liking for his distinctly exotic looks.
But Marcos Flores is no hollow shell. On the inside, he makes good on all the promises his outside offers but does so with oodles of humility, care and esteem. Few footballers, particularly in this era of big dollars and even bigger egos, show such a devotion to their fans and the grassroots of the sport that got them where they are. Flores is more than just a good bloke - he breaks the mould.
In an age where clubs carefully construct social networking profiles for their stars and stage-manage each and every update, Flores' personal Facebook account is open and inviting. Any Adelaide fan worth their salt is already a friend and has either received a response to their wall post or spoken about his fitness and the week's game with him on Facebook Chat. Perhaps sceptical folk could question his whether he's genuine or not but one fan, 18-year-old Dimi Sianis of Burnside, found to his surprise that the Argentinean wasn't simply barging through his fan mail.
Having sparked a brief conversation or two with his idol online, Dimi went to Adelaide's season launch function and was approached by Flores, who connected the name and profile picture with the face and proceeded to talk football in the flesh.
It wasn't a one off - that relationship has been maintained with every chance meeting between the two, whether it be out at Glenelg on New Year's Eve or straight after a Reds game, where Flores would come to the home end and pick out those he's on a first-name basis with. That such a high-profile star would be bothered to remember their fans, much less instigate chatter and interactivity with them, still has Dimi stunned.
"He has time for everyone. To be recognised by a Johnny Warren Medalist is a good feeling," he smiles. "He makes an effort to get to know all his fans. He's called one of my friends on the phone, and another one of my friends spoke to him at a club in town and even traded numbers with him. He's an absolute champion, both on and off the field."
That's just one story. Adelaide fan message boards are littered with others. It seems nearly everyone has had their own personal Marcos Flores experience. "It's not like some players who every time you run into them it's like the first time you've met them," Migliaccio says. "With Marcos it's like you've been mates with him for the last 20 years. He's like a magnet to people."
The transfer fee boffins at transfermarkt.co.uk value Flores at £352,000 - in plain footballing terms, an absolute steal - but Migliaccio believes he is just about priceless. "You just can't put a dollar figure on him, as a package," he says. "I'd love to see him as the next captain. People would disagree because he doesn't speak great English but he's just got this charisma that so many of the great captains across the world possess."
In November last year, Migliaccio reported that Flores was in talks with MLS hopefuls, the reborn New York Cosmos - the new kings of indie cool in football. Even if it's just a rumour, it doesn't take much to imagine Flores taking his swagger and panache to the Upper East Side, mixing it at hipster underground cocktail parties with Eric Cantona and Giorgio Chinaglia and spreading the gospel of football through the five boroughs. He represents innovation, confidence, glamour and respect - exactly what the Cosmos Country renaissance promises. It would be a perfect match.
But for now, Reds diehards hope a new contract can keep potential suitors away for the time being. "The fans have started to dig their heels in. They don't want to see him gone," Migliaccio says. "Adelaide are offering him marquee player terms for the next three years with a good wage so hopefully he'll stay here. He calls Adelaide home now; he lives down next to the beach and absolutely loves it." It's clear that love is mutual.
Vince is based on the Gold Coast, and covers the A-League for Sportal. You can follow him on Twitter here
1956 & ALL THAT
Domm Norris May 06, 2011
THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT SIEB
Matt Nelson May 03, 2011


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Author: Jennifer Wegerer
About Jennifer Wegerer
Jennifer Wegerer is a writer and editor living in the Pacific Northwest. Originally from the Midwest, Jennifer graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a degree in English and later earned a Certificate in Project Management from Portland State University. She's worked as a writer in the technical communications and marketing fields for over 15 years, taking a short break along the way to have twins. Along with writing, she enjoys movies, yoga, beach trips, wine tasting, and the chance to relax with friends and family.
6 Health Ailments That Accompany Alzheimer's
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Last Updated: April 11, 2018 Do you or a loved one have Alzheimer's? Diagnosis of the disease is life-changing. But finding ways to cope and take care of your emotional needs are just as important as planning for its impending progression. Learn more about finding support during this time. I Have Alzheimer's, Now What? Anger, […]
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'Jersey' and 'Kanchana 3' leaked online: Will this hamper the strong openings?
'Muttathekombile' song from 'Oru Yamandan Prema Kadha' is a fun-filled energetic number!
Rahat Kazmi has made a mark among the international audience with his films like 'Identity Card', 'Mantostaan' and 'Lihaaf'. He was recently in the news for making a movie with TV actress Hina Khan. The film titled Lines is already in the making. The movie also features Farida Jalal and is in the post-production stage.
Well, Rahat Kazmi along with Tariq and Zeba Sajid with Riaan Rai from UK, have made another satirical feature film titled '2 Band Radio', and has opened to a great critical acclaim at its world premier at Watermans Art Centre Cinema under the UK Asian film festival. 2 Band Radio had been selected for the UK Asian Film Festival. The film is set in the '70s in a Himalayan village where people have never seen a radio ever and how the first radio in the village becomes the reason for a big mess. Tere Bin Laden fame actor Pradhuman Singh will be playing the main lead in this film with NSD's senior actress Neelu Dogra. Meanwhile, UK based actor Jitendra Rai is in parallel lead in the film. Tariq Khan, Ritu Rajput, Rahat Kazmi, Zahid Qureshi, and Hussain Khan will be seen in supporting roles. Interestingly, the movie has achieved a milestone after its premiere at the world premiere. The audiences were enjoying the film throughout and applauded the actors and makers.
Rahat said, "The film is really relevant in today's times because it revolves around greed and how it leads to frustrations and disappointment. We are so happy that meaningful films like these are finding an audience abroad and we are getting such response and respect for it. While making the film we knew it had great potential because the script was good, but I never knew it will open to such great reviews at the world premiere. This only makes us look forward to making more such films internationally. My crew and team is also excited with the opening here in London."
The entire team was seen celebrating the reviews and response it evoked. The film will release in India and other parts of the world soon.