text:
Rathod K R
Popat B A
Pandey A
Jamale T E
Hase N K
Deshmukh H L
renal biopsy
transjugular
~ Article in PDF (966 KB)
Subjects and Methods
Safety and effectiveness of transjugular renal biopsy: A single center study
KR Rathod1, BA Popat1, A Pandey1, TE Jamale2, NK Hase2, HL Deshmukh1
1 Department of Radiology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2 Department of Nephrology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Date of Web Publication 8-Mar-2017
Dr. K R Rathod
Department of Radiology, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra
Although percutaneous renal biopsy remains the preferred method, there are several scenarios where transjugular approach is more suitable. We hereby describe our technique of transjugular renal biopsy (TJRB) and evaluate its safety and efficacy. We retrospectively collected data regarding indication for the transjugular route of biopsy, its complications, clinical and laboratory data, and adequacy of samples from patients' records. TJRB was performed when the patients were at a high risk for bleeding from percutaneous renal biopsy. Tissue samples were assessed by a pathologist for adequacy. All patients were followed up with ultrasonographic scan 3 h after the procedure and on day 3. Nine patients (age 41.5 ± 15.4 years; 8 men) underwent 9 TJRB procedures. The procedure was technically successful in all patients. Six patients (66.67%) had a platelet count of <50,000/mcL, 2 (33.3%) had an elevated International Normalized Ratio of more than 1.4, and 1 had both. 3.2 ± 0.4 cores were obtained, with median (range) number of glomeruli being ten (7–11). Adequate renal tissue sample was obtained in all the patients. Though capsular perforation developed in 5 patients, none had major complication requiring management (endovascular treatment or blood transfusion). TJRB is a safe and effective in patients with contraindications to percutaneous biopsy.
Keywords: Hepatic, renal biopsy, transjugular
Rathod K R, Popat B A, Pandey A, Jamale T E, Hase N K, Deshmukh H L. Safety and effectiveness of transjugular renal biopsy: A single center study. Indian J Nephrol 2017;27:118-23
Rathod K R, Popat B A, Pandey A, Jamale T E, Hase N K, Deshmukh H L. Safety and effectiveness of transjugular renal biopsy: A single center study. Indian J Nephrol [serial online] 2017 [cited 2019 Jul 15];27:118-23. Available from: http://www.indianjnephrol.org/text.asp?2017/27/2/118/196932
Renal biopsy is commonly performed since histopathologic examination remains the keystone of diagnosis for most renal parenchymal diseases and allows optimization of the therapeutic strategy.[1],[2],[3],[4] Percutaneous renal biopsy, typically performed under computed tomographic or ultrasonographic (USG) guidance, remains the preferred method for obtaining renal tissue. However, it entails significant risk in patients with coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, a single functioning kidney, or small kidneys, and can be technically too challenging in those who are unable to lie in the prone position such as those with a particularly high body mass index (BMI), uncooperative patients, patients in Intensive Care Unit with respiratory assistance, and patients with voluminous ascites. To obtain renal tissue samples in such patients, as well as those requiring a concomitant liver biopsy, the transjugular renal biopsy (TJRB) technique was modified and described.[5]
The first TJRB was performed accidentally in 1989 by Frede´ric Mal who had carried out a transjugular liver biopsy, but surprisingly received a pathology report describing a sample of renal tissue.[6] The catheter that missed the hepatic veins had entered the right renal vein, which is short and runs almost vertically to the hilum. He then undertook a study which concluded with the feasibility of TJRB. Since then several reports have described the success of TJRB.[7],[8],[9] During TJRB, the needle is directed away from larger vessels, and in theory, any bleeding will bleed back into the vein unless arterial puncture or a significant capsular perforation or collecting system puncture occurs. Due to its technically demanding nature, TJRB has not gained widespread popularity. We hereby describe our experience and technique of TJRB with the objective of evaluating its safety and efficacy.
Nine patients with bleeding diathesis in the form of thrombocytopenia and/or deranged International Normalized Ratio (INR) with or without ascites underwent transjugular renal biopsies using TJRB set.
The procedures were performed in the interventional radiology suite with utilization of intravenous analgesia. Patency of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) was assessed with the patient in the supine position using ultrasound. The right IJV was preferred due to its straight course to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Under USG or fluoroscopic guidance, local anesthetic was administered subcutaneously, and the IJV was punctured with an 18-gauge needle with an anterior approach above the thyroid cartilage inside the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A 7- or 9–F venous sheath was inserted over a short 0.035 inch guide wire into the vein.
The catheter with a 0.035 inch Glide (Terumo) was advanced into the IVC under fluoroscopic control. Renal venograms were obtained. The catheter was then advanced into the right renal vein. The TJRB needle, filled with normal saline solution and attached to a 20 mL luer lock syringe, was advanced down the catheter. All biopsies were performed using TJRB set (renal access and biopsy set, Cook; needle 19 gauge, 70 cm with 20 mm needle throw) [Figure 1]. A second pass was possible without retrieving the needle after checking the position of the catheter, which was advanced over the needle during the first pass. About 4–5 needle passes were performed per patient, and an average of 3 cores were obtained in each patient. Patients' renal tissue samples were assessed by a pathologist for adequacy.
Figure 1: Sequential images in a patient undergoing transjugular renal biopsy. Right renal venogram (a) with tip of vascular sheath in the proximal right renal vein through which catheter is wedged distally into the right lower pole renal cortical vein. Following the venogram, the sheath is advanced as distally as possible into the cortical vein to allow introduction of transjugular renal biopsy needle (b). Renal access and biopsy set needle was advanced through the sheath and placed distally into peripheral cortical vein (c) and the biopsy was performed (d) postbiopsy check run (e) shows capsular extravasation
All patients returned to the ward for routine 24-h bed rest and hemodynamic observation, which took place every 15 min for the first 2 h, then half-hourly for 4 h, and then hourly. Follow-up was done with USG scan 3 h after the procedure and on day 3 [Figure 2].
Figure 2: Follow-up ultrasonogram on the 3rd day postbiopsy shows no perinephric collection, renal arteriovenous fistula, or pseudoaneurysm. Clinically, patient had no hematuria
Tissue adequacy
The number of needle passes and cores obtained per procedure were ascertained. The tissue cores were considered adequate when a sufficient number of intact glomeruli were present to make a pathological diagnosis.
There were 8 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 41.5 ± 15.4 years. The medical reasons for renal biopsy and the clinical parameters for nine patients are summarized in [Table 1]. These included patients with recent deterioration in renal function, patients with multiple comorbidities investigated for chronic renal failure, and new presentations of nephrotic syndrome or significant proteinuria. All patients were referred by nephrologists who requested renal biopsy specifically via the transjugular route, due to relative contraindications to percutaneous biopsy. Six of the nine patients (66.67%) had a platelet count of <50,000/mcL, 2 (33.3%) had an elevated INR of more than 1.4, and 1 had both.
Table 1: Medical profile and indication for transjugular renal biopsy in our patients
The right IJV access was achieved in all the nine patients, and biopsy specimens were obtained from the right kidney in all cases. A total of 3.2 ± 0.4 cores was obtained, with median (range) number of glomeruli being 10 (7–11) at light microscopy. Adequate renal tissue was obtained in all the patients as confirmed by the pathologists. The mean duration of the procedure was 50 min (range, 30–120 min) including the time for transferring the patient to and from the couch in the interventional radiology room. The amount of contrast material used to verify location before biopsy was 11.8 ± 2.3 ml.
[Table 2] summarizes the results of TJRB in our series.
Table 2: Results of transjugular renal biopsy in our series
Although capsular perforation was a consequence in 5 out of 9 patients, none of them had major complication requiring management (either endovascular treatment or blood transfusion).
Percutaneous renal biopsy is a commonly performed safe procedure, with an excellent yield, ranging from 95.5% to 98.8% in the published literature,[10],[11],[12] and it is the routine method of acquiring renal tissue in patients. The main risk is bleeding due to the high vascularity of the kidneys. Since the diseased kidneys are often small with cortical thinning, the tamponade effect may be minimal. In addition, early clinical detection of retroperitoneal hemorrhage is difficult. In patients in whom a percutaneous biopsy is contraindicated, when the pathological diagnosis alters clinical management, TJRB provides an alternative approach. Though the procedure is utilized commonly in the Western world with published data showing its safety and efficacy using both the aspiration[7],[10],[13],[14] and the core biopsy [15],[16],[17],[18],[19] techniques, it has still not gained popularity in the Indian subcontinent despite its potential to open possibilities for the management of a significant subgroup of patients who are considered high risk for both percutaneous and open kidney biopsy. Considering the cost of the procedure (approximately INR 40,000 at our center including the cost of hardware which is approximately INR 35,000), it has the potential for widespread application.
Patients were referred to us for TJRB with varying degrees of renal impairment, proteinuria, and/or hematuria as illustrated in [Table 1]. Many of them had significant comorbidities, necessitating a biopsy to decide on the optimal clinical management. All patients had bleeding diathesis (thrombocytopenia and/or coagulopathy) which contraindicated percutaneous biopsy. Other recognized indications for a TJRB include a single functioning kidney, horseshoe kidney, end-stage renal disease or small kidneys, and patients' inability to lie in the prone position such as those with a particularly high BMI, uncooperative patients, patients in Intensive Care Unit with respiratory assistance, and patients with voluminous ascites.[20] In patients with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis, TJRB can be usefully combined with central venous dialysis catheter placement.[20] Concomitant TJRB can be performed in conjunction with transjugular liver biopsy in patients undergoing assessment for potential liver transplantation, to differentiate between hepatorenal syndrome and other renal lesions that may progress.[21],[22],[23]
A lower pole renal vein is preferred for biopsy due to optimal angle for cannulation. Performing the biopsy peripherally also reduces the chances of damaging a large vessel. The low venous pressure and direction of venous flow also reduce the incidence of severe hemorrhage, unless inadvertent arterial puncture occurs. TJRB may be performed using an aspiration needle or core biopsy system. A diagnostic yield of 73–95% and major complication rate of 1–18%[7],[9],[10],[13] have been reported using the aspiration needle, compared with the yields of 89–96.5% and major complications of 2.7–27% with the core biopsy needle.[15],[16],[17],[18] Diagnosis is dependent on adequate cortical sampling, providing a sufficient number of glomeruli. The median number of glomeruli per patient of ten for light microscopy in our series is comparable to the 9.8–10.8 in the aspiration series [7],[10],[13],[14] and 9–9.8 reported in the core biopsy series.[16],[18] The samples were adequate for pathological diagnosis in all patients.
Like most interventional procedures, the number of biopsy attempts is largely dependent on the favorability of the anatomy and operator experience. At our institution, the procedure is performed by an interventional radiologist. The average number of needle passes in our series was 5.3, which is comparable to those of 4–5.5 in other studies.[16],[17] The mean number of core specimens of 3 ± 1 is also comparable to those in the literature.[16],[18] In the published series using the core biopsy system,[15],[16],[17],[18] there was no mention of a limit to the number of needle passes. In two published series using the aspiration technique, the number of passes was limited to a maximum of 3 and 8, respectively, depending on the patients' risk factors.[7],[10] However, increasing the number of biopsies does not necessarily increase the tissue yield, as cortical tissue (in entirety or mixed with medulla or fat) is more likely to be obtained following the first and second needle passes. The yield deteriorates significantly with subsequent needle passes.[24] This suggests that the first needle pass is the most important and that subsequent biopsies may yield fragmented or crushed specimens, making accurate diagnosis more difficult. Therefore, in patients with bleeding diathesis, perhaps, it is reasonable to restrict the number of passes to three attempts. Moreover, it has been shown that six or more needle passes have a higher incidence of capsular perforation compared to five or fewer passes.[19]
The association between capsular perforation and TJRB is well recognized and this has not been considered a complication per se.[10],[11] Of the nine TJRB procedures in our series, five (55.56%) were associated with capsular perforation. None had any clinical sequelae or required blood transfusion. Capsular or subcapsular perforation should theoretically indicate that the biopsy included cortex and was likely to allow a diagnosis to be made. Elective coil embolization of the biopsy track was performed in five of the early cases of isolated capsular perforation by See et al.[24] However, isolated capsular/subcapsular extravasation is mainly subclinical, and elective embolization of the biopsy track is probably not indicated in the majority of cases, unless the patient is hemodynamically unstable. There is no published evidence on the benefit of elective embolization of the biopsy track following capsular perforation.
Collecting system puncture at the time of TJRB was not noted in any patient in our series but occurred in five cases, with or without concurrent pericapsular extravasation in the study by See et al. where in a further four cases, subsequent macrohematuria implied that the collecting system was breached.[24] The reported rates of major complications (which included the need for postprocedure blood transfusion) using the aspiration biopsy techniques range from 1% to 18%,[7],[10],[13],[14] compared with 2.7–27% for the core biopsy system.[15],[16],[17],[18] In our series, there were no major complications. Contrast-induced renal failure is a concern, given that many patients already have some degree of renal impairment. However, only a small volume of contrast medium (15–30 ml) is usually required, and this is unlikely to be of significance. Routine postprocedure ultrasonography has not been recommended,[19] but in our series all patients underwent ultrasonography 3 h after the procedure and on day 3. Persistent severe loin pain, frank hematuria, and clot retention will necessitate sonography. Other potential but rare complications of the transjugular route include arrhythmias, pneumothorax, and hemothorax.
Our initial experience with TJRB is similar or better than in prior reports with regard to both diagnostic yield and complication rates.[10] This difference may be related to the small sample size. The best tissue yields are obtained with the first two needle passes. In patients with a bleeding diathesis, it seems prudent to limit the number of needle passes to no more than three.
[Table 3] provides a comparison of the technical adequacy and complications encountered in our series against case series by Abbott et al. and See et al., as well as studies by Cluzel et al. and Sofocleous et al.
Table 3: Comparative results of transjugular renal biopsy
In summary, TJRB is recognized as an alternative, safe, and effective technique in patients with renal parenchymal disease when contraindications to the percutaneous approach exist.
TJRB is a safe procedure in patients with contraindications to percutaneous biopsy and is associated with only a low risk of major complications.
Doyle AJ, Gregory MC, Terreros DA. Percutaneous native renal biopsy: Comparison of a 1.2-mm spring-driven system with a traditional 2-mm hand-driven system. Am J Kidney Dis 1994;23:498-503.
Cohen AH, Nast CC, Adler SG, Kopple JD. Clinical utility of kidney biopsies in the diagnosis and management of renal disease. Am J Nephrol 1989;9:309-15.
Madaio MP. Renal biopsy. Kidney Int 1990;38:529-43.
Striker GE. Controversy: The role of renal biopsy in modern medicine. Am J Kidney Dis 1982;1:241-3.
Mal F, Meyrier A, Callard P, Altman JJ, Kleinknecht D, Beaugrand M, et al. Transvenous renal biopsy: A preliminary report on 36 patients (abstr). Kidney Int 1990;37:279.
Mal F, Meyrier A, Callard P, Altman JJ, Kleinknecht D, Beaugrand M, et al. Transjugular renal biopsy. Lancet 1990;335:1512-3.
Mal F, Meyrier A, Callard P, Kleinknecht D, Altmann JJ, Beaugrand M. The diagnostic yield of transjugular renal biopsy. Experience in 200 cases. Kidney Int 1992;41:445-9.
Petrtýl J, Rychlík I, Tesar V, Dufek V, Marecek Z. Initial experience with the transjugular renal biopsy. Cas Lek Cesk 1993;132:219-20.
Rychlík I, Petrtýl J, Tesar V, Stejskalová A. Transjugular renal biopsy – Initial experience. Cas Lek Cesk 1994;133:150-2.
Cluzel P, Martinez F, Bellin MF, Michalik Y, Beaufils H, Jouanneau C, et al. Transjugular versus percutaneous renal biopsy for the diagnosis of parenchymal disease: Comparison of sampling effectiveness and complications. Radiology 2000;215:689-93.
Hergesell O, Felten H, Andrassy K, Kühn K, Ritz E. Safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy-retrospective analysis of 1090 consecutive cases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13:975-7.
Song JH, Cronan JJ. Percutaneous biopsy in diffuse renal disease: Comparison of 18- and 14-gauge automated biopsy devices. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1998;9:651-5.
Jouët P, Meyrier A, Mal F, Callard P, Guettier C, Stordeur D, et al. Transjugular renal biopsy in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and renal abnormalities. Hepatology 1996;24:1143-7.
Rychlík I, Petrtýl J, Tesar V, Stejskalová A, Zabka J, Bruha R. Transjugular renal biopsy. Our experience with 67 cases. Kidney Blood Press Res 2001;24:207-12.
Thompson BC, Kingdon E, Johnston M, Tibballs J, Watkinson A, Jarmulowicz M, et al. Transjugular kidney biopsy. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:651-62.
Abbott KC, Musio FM, Chung EM, Lomis NN, Lane JD, Yuan CM. Transjugular renal biopsy in high-risk patients: An American case series. BMC Nephrol 2002;3:5.
Fine DM, Arepally A, Hofmann LV, Mankowitz SG, Atta MG. Diagnostic utility and safety of transjugular kidney biopsy in the obese patient. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004;19:1798-802.
Sam R, Leehey DJ, Picken MM, Borge MA, Yetter EM, Ing TS, et al. Transjugular renal biopsy in patients with liver disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;37:1144-51.
Sofocleous CT, Bahramipour P, Mele C, Hinrichs CR, Barone A, Abujudeh H. Transvenous transjugular renal core biopsy with a redesigned biopsy set including a blunt-tipped needle. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2002;25:155-7.
Stiles KP, Yuan CM, Chung EM, Lyon RD, Lane JD, Abbott KC. Renal biopsy in high-risk patients with medical diseases of the kidney. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;36:419-33.
Guevara M, Rodés J. Hepatorenal syndrome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005;37:22-6.
Montseny JJ, Meyrier A, Kleinknecht D, Callard P. The current spectrum of infectious glomerulonephritis. Experience with 76 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1995;74:63-73.
Miraglia R, Luca A, Gruttadauria S, Minervini MI, Vizzini G, Arcadipane A, et al. Contribution of transjugular liver biopsy in patients with the clinical presentation of acute liver failure. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2006;29:1008-10.
See TC, Thompson BC, Howie AJ, Karamshi M, Papadopoulou AM, Davies N, et al. Transjugular renal biopsy: Our experience and technical considerations. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2008;31:906-18
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]


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Guacamole (spreek uit: gwa-kamole) (avocadomousse) is een (dip)saus, afkomstig uit het zuiden van Mexico. De ingrediënten zijn naast avocado vaak ook tomaat, ui en/of knoflook, sap van een limoen of citroen, chilipeper (met name jalapeñopepers), korianderblad en verschillende andere kruiden. Het wordt meestal gegeten met Mexicaanse tortilla's en tortillachips, maar kan worden toegevoegd aan vrijwel elk Mexicaans gerecht.

In Mexico en zuidelijk Californië is guacamole een goedkoop bijgerecht. Op plaatsen waar avocado's duur zijn, wordt guacamole als een delicatesse beschouwd. In Californië wordt de guacamole vaak vermengd met zure room of mayonaise, hetgeen de smaak volgens de meeste Mexicanen niet ten goede komt.

Etymologie
Het woord guacamole komt van het Nahuatl ahuocamolli (avocadosaus).

Buiten Mexico
Buiten Mexico bevatten commerciële houdbare guacamole-producten vaak maar weinig avocado. De guacamole-dipsaus van Albert Heijn won in augustus 2014 de Kletsmajoor Award van de Consumentenbond, omdat de saus slechts 0,7% avocadopoeder bevat (en dus voor 99,3% uit andere ingrediënten bestaat). Albert Heijn kondigde aan de saus uit het assortiment te schrappen en te vervangen door een ander product of door het een andere naam te geven, zoals "Dip TEX MEX style", een 'dip met guacamole smaak' die nog steeds slechts 1,5% avocado bevat. Toen The New York Times een recept publiceerde waarin erwten aan de guacamole werden toegevoegd, leidde dat tot veel ophef.

Saus
Mexicaanse keuken

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There is a longstanding debate surrounding the idea of public education in general and how it should be regulated. As it stands, parents have the choice between sending their children to public school or sending their children to private school, with the caveat that if they choose the latter option, they must pay for both.
Essentially, citizens in most states are required to fund public education through taxes in addition to the private school tuition that they may choose to pay. In some states, opponents of standardized education are attempting to change this through the use of school vouchers.
The idea behind the school voucher system is essentially that parents receive a voucher for the tax money that would have funded a public school, and this voucher can be used to pay for a child to attend a public school as regularly planned, or a private institution of the parent's choosing.
A system like this would not compel parents to use public institutions and would create a level of competition between school systems that would ultimately benefit the students. This applies free market principles on benefiting the consumer to education in America.
Critics of the voucher system are quick to point out that while the idea of greater choice in schools can be appealing to parents, this would almost certainly endanger the public school system as it currently exists.
If given the choice between public schools and private schools, many parents will choose to have their children attend a private institution, leaving children destined for public schools in institutions that could be defunded and closed due to low enrollment. It is also important to point out that there is very little data to suggest that incentivizing performance in schools produces better results than other methods of teaching.
This is not the only controversy surrounding the use of education vouchers to purchase private education.
In many states that currently offer a voucher system, private schools are held to different educational standards than public schools, and these loopholes are being used to teach creationism and other religious ideas in the classroom.
In a recent report, it was noted that in nine states that currently use a school voucher system, 310 schools were documented teaching creationism in the classroom. It is further observed that there are undoubtedly many, yet unidentified, private academies that are teaching creationism in the classroom and the ones identified thus far are those that are simply brazen enough to advertise the fact on their websites.
There is no question that using taxpayer funding to the tune of millions of dollars to fund institutions that directly endorse specific religions is a controversial issue, but the question of whether or not it goes far enough to violate the constitution still remains to be seen.
Regardless, it is clear that this lapse in educational standards is being used in an exploitative way to teach subject matter that would not otherwise be allowed in a public institution. How much discretion should be given to the parents when it comes to standardized education?
The struggle between government intervention and personal choice is a debate that has surfaced many times. It is an issue that the American people will most likely be asked to address soon, as voucher systems become more popular and controversial topics are injected into school curriculum.


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Immigrants at the border: how to help
Many people of goodwill are trying to assist people who are approaching our border with Mexico, including families who are fleeing violence and seeking a better life for their children.
Here are six ways you can help:
1. Call your legislators—your representatives in Congress, your Senators and the White House—and express your opinions. You can find their contact info easily here. You can also use Catholic Charities USA's form, which provides language urging our representatives to reform our broken immigration system.
2. Inform yourself with facts. The misinformation about migrants and refugees is often driven by racism and fear. Listen to the stories of migrants and refugees, and encounter them as individuals. The following websites provide factual information on the issues facing people on the move and the Church's work with them:
The Vatican's Migrant and Refugee Office
Answers to such questions as "Why don't they come here legally?" from the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops' Office of Migration and Refugee Services
Debunking myths, answers to tough questions about immigrants, an explanation of detention policies and more from The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops' Justice for Immigrants
Know the facts about immigrants and their contribution to Texas.
3. Help organizations who are helping the migrants now, including:
Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston
Catholic Charities of Galveston-Houston St. Frances Cabrini Center for Immigrant Legal Assistance is seeking help from attorneys and community volunteers to provide assistance to families separated at the U.S. Mexico border.
Annunciation House in El Paso (not diocesan-sponsored)
Catholic Charities of the Rio Grande Valley
Humanitarian Respite Center - Sacred Heart Parish, Brownsville. To help call 956-702-4088
Catholic Legal Immigration Network (CLINIC) - Legal help is very important right now particularly for asylum seekers.
Catholic Charities/USA
4. Open your home to a refugee youth. The USCCB offers a list of foster parent programs affiliated with them.
5. Advocate for migrants with friends, family and publicly. They need advocates. The voiceless need your voices.
6. Pray for them!
Ask the Department of Homeland Security to Rescind the "Remain in Mexico" Policy and Support Asylum Seekers by Following Existing Law
Please take action now:
In January 2019, the Department of Homeland Security issued new policy guidance for "Migrant Protection Protocols." On March 4, 2019, the Texas and Mexico Border bishops issued a statement voicing disagreement with the recent "Remain in Mexico" policy. Expressing their deep concern over the policy, the bishops noted: "We appeal to governments, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that they not adopt policies that have the effect of increasing the suffering of the most vulnerable." On March 13th, Bishop Joe Vasquez of Austin, Texas, Chairman of USCCB Committee on Migration along with Sean Callahan CEO of Catholic Relief Services released a statement of solidarity with the Texas-Mexico Border bishops regarding the human consequences of this policy.
Under the Remain in Mexico policy, certain asylum seekers, including families, are sent back to Mexico to wait throughout the duration of their immigration court proceedings in the U.S, which could take months in which people are living in dangerous and inadequate conditions.
As Catholics, we affirm the inherent dignity of every person and the ability of families to seek security and safety for themselves and family members. For this reason, the U.S. Catholic Bishops oppose the Remain in Mexico policy and ask that the Department of Homeland Security act now to revoke the policy and provide immediate protection and the authorization to remain in the United States to asylum seekers while they apply for adjudication of their asylum claims.
You can learn more about the Remain in Mexico policy by reviewing our backgrounder in English or in Spanish.
Please click here to contact the Department of Homeland Security and ask they rescind the Remain in Mexico policy and instead support asylum seekers by sending the following message:
Dear Department of Homeland Security Official:
As a person of faith, I believe in protecting the God-given dignity of every human being. It is not a crime to seek asylum. Consequently, I urge you to revoke the existing Remain in Mexico policy and permit asylum seekers presenting at the U.S-Mexico border with the opportunity to wait in the United States for the adjudication of their asylum claims.
In addition to requesting that the policy is discontinued, I respectfully request that you not further expand the policy to other Border Patrol sectors along the U.S./Mexico Border. As you work towards rescinding the Remain in Mexico policy, please also remember that all families -including families seeking asylum- deserve to have the opportunity to stay and grow together.
During this Lenten season, the Catholic community stands with you in supporting protections for asylum seekers, and we thank you for your work.
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Ask your U.S. Representative to VOTE FOR H.R. 6
Please pass H.R. 6 to protect Dreamers and TPS and DED Holders
JFI ACTION ALERT:
Ask your U.S. Representative to VOTE FOR H.R. 6, the American Dream and Promise Act
TOMORROW: The U.S. House of Representatives is expected to vote on H.R. 6, the American Dream and Promise Act of 2019, this week (likely on Tuesday). If passed into law, H.R. 6 would provide a pathway to citizenship for qualifying Dreamers, Temporary Protected Status (TPS) and Deferred Enforced Departure (DED) holders living in the United States.
H.R. 6 would provide critical permanent legal protection to Dreamers, TPS and DED holders who are living in a state of uncertainty and fear. The USCCB's Committee on Migration Chairman, Bishop Joe S. Vásquez of Austin, Texas, has voiced support for the bill numerous times: issuing a March 15, 2019 statement endorsing H.R. 6, sending a letter to each Member of the U.S. House of Representatives in support of the bill, and endorsing individual component bills of H.R. 6 prior to markup in the House Judiciary Committee on May 22nd.
As the House is poised to take an important floor vote to protect Dreamers, TPS and DED holders, we ask you to stand in solidarity with immigrants and their families by sending a message to your U.S. Representative and request that they vote for passage of H.R. 6.
TAKE ACTION NOW and send the following message!
Dear Representative:
As a person of faith, I believe in protecting the God-given dignity of every human being. As your constituent, I urge you to vote in favor of passing H.R. 6, the American Dream and Promise Act of 2019, as currently written, and to reject any amendments which would curtail the bill's critical protections.
Dreamers, TPS and DED holders are our neighbors and an important part of our community. They have prayed with us in houses of worship, contributed to the U.S. economy, attended schools and colleges, and served in our military.
As you consider your vote on H.R. 6, please know that the Catholic community stands with you in supporting the people and families that will be helped by this legislation.
Thank you for your important work in Congress on my behalf and for promoting the human dignity of immigrants and refugees.
We, the people of Saint Michael, accept the responsibility and challenge of creating a Catholic, Christian Community in which the message of Jesus is alive and proclaimed through our worship, education and service to others.
© 2020 St. Michael the Archangel Catholic Church. All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are proud to announce the industry professionals accepting pitches this year at our 50th annual Willamette Writers Conference. We are welcoming a fantastic group of agents, editors, managers, and producers, and the list will continue to grow in the coming weeks. You will find a list of all our current industry professionals here.
We are welcoming editors from Penguin, Hachette, Lonely Planet, and JIMMY (James Paterson's new middle grade imprint). We have agents, managers and producers from top agencies, including TriadaUS, Foundry, Romark Entertainment, and many others. Find out more about them here.
Register now. Join us this August to launch your career.
Our 50th annual conference (50!!!) will be a BLAST! Three full days of classes, workshops, keynotes, critiques, and events. We invite you to join us for a weekend of community as you develop your craft and expand your career on August 2nd-4th, 2019 in Portland, Oregon at the Airport Sheraton Hotel.
After a successful launch of our Master Classes with industry professionals at our 2018 conference, we are doing it again in 2019. Early registrations get first pick of our Master Class offerings in early March!
We'll also be offering many options for one on one critique, including On the Spot Critiques and Advance Manuscript Critique. As always, we'll have a roster of agents, editors and film executives ready to hear about your project. Plus, if you register now, you'll find your seat with our pitch pros first. It is going to be an amazing weekend! See you in August!
All Writers Welcome! Members & Full-Time Students Attend for Free!


text:
featuresWar
How Risk of Great Power War Could Reshape Energy Security
Michael A. Levi
Michael Levi's 2013 book The Power Surge: Energy, Opportunity, and the Battle for America's Future (Oxford), out today in paperback, explores the changes transforming American energy and their economic, environmental, and geopolitical consequences. In the book's penultimate chapter, he identifies five 'wild cards' that could force us to rethink the relationships between energy developments and the broader world. In this excerpt he explores one of those possibilities: rising risks of a major power war.
In 1910, Norman Angell, an English journalist then living in Paris, published The Great Illusion. Europe had become so deeply integrated, he argued, that war had become unthinkable. The British Empire supplied one-fifth of German raw materials and food, and the transactions behind that trade were financed through London. Fully one-third of the rapidly growing sum of foreign investment in Russia came from France. Only a fool would risk war.
Four years later, the Continent would be engulfed in an all-consuming conflagration. World War I would last four years and take more than 16 million lives. It would take nearly half a century, and a second world war, for Europe to start a sustained recovery and for the world to begin to move on.
A similar optimism to the turn of the 20th century pervades modern thinking about the future of international conflict. The United States and China – the leading power and its chief challenger – are as deeply integrated as one could imagine. Americans depend on Chinese products to keep consumer prices and industrial production costs under control. Chinese rely on U.S. markets and American technology for economic growth. U.S. firms have staked massive amounts of capital in major investments in China, and Chinese firms are increasingly doing the same in the United States. Moreover, China relies on the United States to provide a stable global system: U.S. control of the world's sea lanes assures the stable flow of raw materials and finished products to and from China, while American might deters aggression in Asia and the Middle East. The U.S. Federal Reserve remains the lender of last resort, and while Beijing sometimes chafes at the preeminent role of the U.S. dollar, it remains an essential ingredient to Chinese export-led growth.
The logic of energy can change dramatically in war – and the shadow of possible future conflict, however remote, can shape thinking in peacetime too.
Indeed, the case for optimism appears even stronger than it did amidst similar circumstances a century ago. The new factor is the prospect of nuclear war. Atomic weapons, the argument goes, have made war between major powers unthinkable. A century ago, national leaders could at least delude themselves into foreseeing speedy and relatively painless victory against other great powers. But their contemporary counterparts cannot. It is too easy for the losing side in a conflict to launch a dozen or two nuclear bombs against its adversary, delivering a devastating blow even in defeat. This logic of deterrence, theorists argue, is inescapable: it is an automatic consequence of the atomic bomb, and together with economic interdependence, has banished great power military conflict for good.
Logic of Energy in War
Whether people acknowledge it or not, this optimism undergirds much thinking on all sides of today's battles over the future of American energy. The logic of energy can change dramatically in war – and the shadow of possible future conflict, however remote, can shape thinking in peacetime too. Global energy markets could well collapse, or at least fracture, if two major powers came to blows; that has certainly been the pattern for commodities trade during past great power wars. In that world, the geography of energy production would suddenly become far more important. North American self-sufficiency, resulting both from increased production and constrained oil consumption, would become far more valuable. This could come into stark contrast with Chinese dependence on imports, all facilitated by sea lanes kept open by U.S. naval power. Chinese dependence on U.S. exports, whether of coal or natural gas, would also redound to the American benefit.
Attenuated fears of Great Power conflict also shape current thinking in subtler ways. Climate change might not receive as much attention as it currently does if the United States and China were locked in a second Cold War – though, if Cold War experience is any guide, its importance might actually rise as the two parties fought for international reputation. At a minimum, optimism about global cooperation to deal with climate change would surely wane.
So are Americans right to be as sanguine as most of them are about the possibility of future conflict with China? Most of the arguments being made today are the same as those that were being made a hundred years ago – and, for the same reasons, they could turn out to be wrong. Leaders may not want to go to war, but miscalculations and miscommunications could take them down that path anyhow. Indeed, political scientists have studied the links between economic interdependence and war intensively over the past few decades, and find that while trade between democracies indeed makes war less likely, economic interdependence among less similar pairs as the United States and China are does little or nothing of the sort.
Energy Security Dilemma?
The big difference, of course, is the advent of nuclear weapons. Indeed the prospect of nuclear conflict is good reason to believe that the United States and China will not go to war over each other's territory like the European powers did during the twentieth century. But it is not good reason to entirely dismiss the possibility. Leaders can be guilty of wishful thinking even when nuclear weapons are involved. They may believe that they are taking only limited steps, expecting that their adversary will see things similarly, when in fact the other side feels existentially threatened. The result could be escalation to the nuclear level that no one intends.
Perhaps more important, though, is the prospect of proxy battles in distant lands, much like those that occupied the United States and the Soviet Union for more than four decades of the Cold War. Indeed, the past decade has been rife with warnings that the United States and China will clash over control of energy resources in places from Africa to the Arctic. The thesis is suspect: so long as markets function reasonably well, military confrontation looks awfully unattractive. But just as the United States feared that the Soviet Union would move from Afghanistan to Iran and gain control over world oil resources, it could eventually come to fear similar moves from China. At that point, self-sufficiency in energy, and particularly oil, could change the U.S. calculus, sparing the United States harm.
What do these possibilities mean for the future of U.S. energy? Both sides of the fight, as is their wont, will see implications in their favor. Advocates of greater efficiency and alternative fuels can conclude that they would help make the United States independent of global energy systems if need be. Proponents of ramping up domestic oil and gas production will say the same thing. Each side can also find arguments against the other. Partisans of new energy sources can point out that, to borrow a popular phrase from the 1960s, drilling aggressively in the United States might "drain America first," and argue that the country should instead save its resources for a possible future conflict. Partisans of traditional energy sources could emphasize the fact that the United States is likely to depend on China for many of the new energy technologies that people promote, and warn that that could become dangerous in a more antagonistic relationship.
The bottom line comes down to timing. Intense conflict with China, if it materializes, will not come out of nowhere – it will be apparent a decade away. That would create time to adjust. U.S. firms could shift supply chains for electric cars and wind farms back home or toward friendlier partners. U.S. oil and gas producers could ramp up output and put the United States on more solid ground – if they had not yet depleted U.S. resources in advance.
Reprinted from The Power Surge by Michael Levi with permission from Oxford University Press USA. Copyright © Michael Levi, 2013 and 2014 and published by Oxford University Press USA. (www.oup.com/us). All rights reserved. [Photo of Chinas Ninghai Nuclear Power Plant; Source: Hofman Photos via Flickr Commons]
Michael A. Levi is the David M. Rubenstein senior fellow for energy and the environment at the Council on Foreign Relations, director of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies, and director of the CFR program on energy security and climate change. He is author of The Power Surge: Energy, Opportunity, and the Battle for Americas Future (Oxford University Press) and By All Means Necessary: How Chinas Resource Quest is Changing the World (with Elizabeth Economy), (Oxford University Press).
Limp into Iraq, Limp Out: Time to ...
On Food, Wine, and War
Voices of Pashtun Women from Wartime Afghanistan
By Arnold R. Isaacs
How to Defeat ISIS without Becoming Them
By Colonel Eric Jorgensen


This 2 day event will be focused on the importance of creating a plan for succession to keep family operations in the family. Featured speaker, Jolene Brown is from West Branch, Iowa, is a farmer, author and award winning communicator. She is a champion for agriculture and consultant for family-owned businesses. Use these 2 days to network and begin to understand the steps needed to ensure a strong future for your ag business that will last through the generations!


7c-Crossroadv3 - survival map based on Noq's td engine. Though it uses addDroid to spawn staff its still possible to play this map in multiplayer but all players should have low ping and good pc or game will desynch. the goal is survive 30 mins attacks starts at 2 min mark. 0, 4, 5, 6 - players, 1,2,3 bots and if you will try this map in multiplayer place bots before anyone enters your game otherwise creeps will belong to player that took places 1, 2, 3 first.
6c-SpaceNTW3v3 simple NTW with custom tileset. if scavs on will spawn few scavs via addDroid and make them to attack all players.
6c-DA-Julia-4-T-scrypt test - tested setDroidExperience and bots while unmodded insane nulls can be easily defeated in 2bots v 1p (full base t1, coz bots build their bases slowly ). If use this function to add experience for bot units to make all it's units heroes that will make bot hard in 1v1 so it can be used as some sort of challenge and script also work in multiplayer so war with ai can be fun. To on script set ai difficulty on insane with full base t1(bots build too slow) and run the game.
I created maps more for testing then for playing so i believe some of them unbalanced.
You should show screen shots and mini maps of each some folks might not bother if they not here.
Last edited by Berg on 25 Jan 2017, 17:24, edited 1 time in total.
How do you get to the oil? Or is it just there for no one to use?
4c-GreenArena its a simple map, all oil behind hills so it should be played as full base.
the thing about this map that i wanted to test if it possible to spawn units via console. its worked but only for 3.2 so its 3.2 map.
-add - command for script, 033 - x, 034 - y position on map, nam - name(any 3 letters),COB - first constant is body (all constants can be found in rules.js in map. i used first 3 letters so this is COBra), next constant is propulsion (WHEels), next constant is 1 weapon (MI1 is scourge missile), next number 0 is player that will get units, and 228 is amount of units up to 999. So this example will spawn 228 wheeled scourge tanks on cobra for player 0.
Berg wrote: You should show screen shots and mini maps of each some folks might not bother if they not here.
Please follow the rules, "Note, everything uploaded to this forum, MUST have a license!"
You need to be explicit, and tell us for all your maps.
As Berg said, images of the maps is also a nice touch!.
One more map in which i wanted to test if it possible to have different "races" so for example A and B has different research. I took Noq's miniWz mod as basement. player 0 will have all staff and research from scavs and all others will have standard research. if you wish to play with ally you have to play with no shared research and no base or it will all mess up. its 3.2.1 map unchanged simple NTW2v2, i tried to make as mod but for some reason its don't work for me. Main problem in such staff is that all such "races" should have different upgrades for buildings like labs and gens but i don't found any way to make them but map-mod still work and its possible to play as scav vs ai. its not fully finished - all scavs tanks in 3.1.5 miniWz was as templates but here they not and its possible to have silly looking tanks.
here is screenshot of this though it was with shared research and because of this it messed up, second is no shared research.
Some screens for others map and i dont really know about license but everyone could do everthing with maps.
hi, i have partially completed contingency mod, dunno if i gonna finish it so i just leave it here. there is few things missing and some bugs present. it dont has research tree so all tech available only through give all cheat, propulsion staff a bit changed and it dont has rule.js which 3.1.5 contingency had. About bugs: some weapons dont look correctly on tanks and on cyborgs cant say why also as i believe there is some constant on weapons that can be in the design screen and on maximum buildings so not all weapons and buildings are present with give all cheat but if delete some of them then missing staff are shown. i used python to convert csv to json.
*sry if my eng is bad.
Last edited by FuzzyTail on 07 Oct 2017, 20:15, edited 1 time in total.


text:
Bon Jovi - Live from London 1995 är en konsertfilm med bandet Bon Jovi.

Konserten ägde rum den 25 juni 1995 på Wembley Stadium i London, England.
Bandet spelade både gamla hits och nya låtar inför 72 000 fans.

Nominerad för en Grammy 1997 i kategorin Best Music Video - Long Form.

Medverkande
 Jon Bon Jovi
 David Bryan
 Heather Locklear
 Hugh McDonald
 Richie Sambora
 Tico Torres

Låtlista
 Living On A Prayer
 You Give Love A Bad Name
 Keep The Faith
 Always
 Blaze Of Glory
 Lay Your Hands On Me
 I'll Sleep When I'm Dead
 Bad Medicine
 Hey God
 Wanted Dead Or Alive
 This Ain't A Love Song
 These Days (bonusmaterial)

Externa länkar

Filmer 1995
Brittiska musikfilmer


Delicious pumpkin pie flavors in a smoothie and gluten free! Pumpkin purée is low in calories and high in nutrients. It is a great source of fiber, Vitamin A and iron. I'm a smoothie junkie and always looking for new ideas. After a little experimenting I came up with a creamy pumpkin smoothie, reminiscent of pumpkin pie. I added spinach but this is optional. It does turn the beautiful orange smoothie to a dull green, but adds vitamin K and iron!
Purée all ingredients in a blender. If the mixture is too thick you can thin with your "milk" choice or water. Enjoy!
I made this smoothie today, and modified slightly: I used half the honey, added a couple tsp. of coconut oil, used 1.5 cups of kale (instead of spinach), and added applesauce for additional texture and sweetener (needed to use it before it was outdated). In the future, I'd chop an apple, and maybe even add a raw carrot, but didn't have time for chopping today. Found this to be a great recipe as is, or easily modified. My results were delish!!!


In court today. Defendant has very poor English. I attended having helped get paperwork together. He had permit to park had straddled bays too small for modern cars to fit in.
Arrive an hour early. No show by UKCPM go in and judge refuses my request to represent. I am a notified witness in the respons to claim and our counter claim.
Judge asks defendant to speak and he answers questions. I ask to.submit my evidence. Judge instructs defendant to ask me questions!! I offered the cases referred to in my statement. Said no contract without consideration. All waved away as introducing arguments not facts.
As for right to appeal. Refused. Have form from court asking circuit judge to consider an appeal.
The defendant not even a tenant. Used permit to come and take kids (nephew (preschool) and niece (infant)) to medical appointments.
We had their WS 24/12/18 , his xmas day. He couldn't get help from until 4/1/19. Needed to send his WS by 2/1/19 which absent any proof of use of land or sign as 2016 we had responded in time but by the 6/1/ had a fuller defence statement which was posted to court and emailed to Gladstone.
If I have screwed it up by not following practise direction I'd rather know now before going on with appeal.
The defendant does not undestand written english beyond the most simple english.
I think because you were a witness, the Judge wouldn't let you also be the lay rep. So the DJ made the Defendant ask questions of his own witness (you).
Not sure why you were a witness unless you were there when the car was parked?
Did the Judge listen to arguments about the counter claim, and what did you counter claim for?
The judge accepted nothing on the argument as the defendant was unable to ask me a question relevant. He was bewildered.
Did you take the lay reps act with you?
You could have asked for an interpreter.
No. It's an oder . Not sure whuch act it's powers originate from. I couldn't judge barred me from speaking other than to answer questions the claimant asked me.
Mistake. I had read it. Judge easily could have easily allowed 5 mins for me to read it.
The defendant nor his family can read complex english . He brings all documents to work and we read and explain.
Before the hearing I prepared a single sheet of paper with the contract terms offering no.parking and excerpts from PCM v Bull where it was decided contract was void with a similar sign.
"contract void for no consideration" and signed it.
One copy went into.chambers and another we held for claimant/representative.
With me I had more cases for defences of unloading not parking and proof the marked bays were too small for anything other than the smallest if cars.
The claimant withheld likely damning evidence until emailing it on 24/12/18 . This date is their Xmas day and 40 pages of was not sent to me until 2/1/19.
2/1/19 was the date we needed to send our bundle to claimants solicitor and I sent on.that date evidence they likely did not have (e.g.bay dimensions) that the defendant needed to reky on in court.
By 6/1/19 I did all I could to submit a revised witness statement but January is our busiest month at work.
I sent what I had and worked to develop arguments to take with us. All these based on evidence the claimant had. No ambush.
Cases similarly decided by district judges when cases heard.
Thank you. Looking for any guidance on retrial. From memory we he had to name who'd translate and fees. Decided before then I would attend and was named as attending.
Either I am wasting effort as judge at fault in regards procedure so we can have it heard again. Not chasing appeal of the decision itself as this really means paying for transcription of the court tapes .
I think that's what the notes with forms set out.
If nobody here has experience or certain knowledge I'll progress as I am.
Had to insist at Post Office thwt they attempt to poet to witness address on Gladstone statement. Doesn't exist on their system .
I don't think you should be sending anything to the witness's address, from the witness statement. It's the address for service from the court claim form that you got if you need to be sending anything.
Check what the others say though.
I think if you want a re-trial then you will need to put in an appeal. See what others say.
You indeed need to get an application for appeal in, and you will need to set out grounds in law (easiest) why this should occur.
I am appealing. See draft notice above.
This bit still troubles me. Are you trying to write to their witness?
No prove that witness statement is either flawed or begins with a deception.
Whos witness statement? The claimants?
If the court accepted the WS then theres not a lot you can do. You need to be aware that a findign of fact vs a finding in law are very different reasons for appeal, and findings of fact are hard to appeal. VERY hard.
Claimants. That is clear if one reads the draft?
I am not asking a hifher court to look at the facts again but that a higher court have it be sent back on grounds that procedures setout innlaw wete not followed.
As they were not followed defence was not heard and claimant had flawed statement accepted because it was bever challenged for absence of representation.
Retrial box is on form I have and my understanding of situation is that's the route to having the defence heard .
To not tick retrial box I need to read more guidance contrary to that I have read already.
It's for the circuit judge to decide on appeal hearing or retrial or deny permission . There are other outcomes but not relevant here.
In the meantime, ensure the CCJ is paid on time, otherwsie thats a whole lot of other pain.
I would suggest you also take the time to ensure your application for retrial is written more legibly and coherently than some of your posts here - and that you understand all the rules. FOr example you sent a "fuller defence statement" in after the exchange of documents. so that was never going to fly, and I also dont know wha tyou mean by "defence statemetn" - defence, or witness statement? BEcause a "defence statement" isnt a thing that exists!
"All waved away as introducing arguments not facts."
You as a WITNESS cannot introduce any arguemnts. You may only present facts. If those arguments were not in the defence originally filed, they may not be used.
In what way were you a witness? Were you there on the day? With the defendant? You've not explained how you were a witness to anything of use.
Your first draft is pretty awful. ITs not an "impossible address", as I bet mail can get there. Youve yet to xplain why it not being a Brighton postcode has any relevance, and why this matters in law. Again, if the WS was accepted, it was acccepted, and what it contained therein was a finding of fact.
Witness not being a employee of the claimant isnt relevant to an appeal.
You had a chance to arrange for an interpreter, which would have resolved the English issue in court at least, and did not do so.
If the Defendant doesnt know Written English beyond simple terms, how can they write "contract void for no consideration"? I woudl suggest the two statements are incompatible.
If you want to try this, do so. But I cant see how I can possibly help, and dont want to give you false hope. If your friend cannot understand written English then they should not be entering into contracts they dont understand the terms of - the hire car - and need to be aware that they cant manage their own affairs.
You mention you dont want an appeal (which is to a higher court) and you want a retrial, but your draft is for an appeal.
From reading part 52 CPR even if I tick retrial the appeal judges will decide the route.
The defendant and claimant make witness statements setting out the facts they are going to argue.
Here judge woukd not allow any defencev facts to be the basis of arguments by drnying right to lay representation .
Proof bays too narrow for any modern car.


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text:
Hawkeye Tracking
Security Assistance
Supply Chain MGMT
FMS Transportation Services
Warehouse MGMT
Hire Vets Gold Medal Award
GSA Schedule 70
GSA PSS
Clients/Partners
WebRoR
2021 NAVAIR International Programs College CSS Summer Program
Hawkeye Services
Supporting Our Nation's Veterans
The Honoring Investments in Recruiting and Employing American Military Veterans Act of 2017 (HIRE Vets Act or the Act), signed by President Trump on May 5, 2017, required the Secretary of Labor to establish a program, by rule, that recognizes employer efforts to recruit, employ, and retain veterans. The Secretary announced the Final Rule (20 C.F.R. § 1011) on November 9, 2017, the program became effective in January 2018, and accepted initial applications in 2019.
The HIRE Vets Medallion Program is an employer recognition program administered by the Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service (VETS). Through the program, VETS accepts voluntary applications from employers for the HIRE Vets Medallion Award beginning on January 31 of each calendar year. The Award recognizes employers who hire and retain veterans, including their efforts to establish employee development programs and veteran specific benefits to improve retention.
HIRE Vets Medallion Award
Employer-applicants meeting criteria established in the rule receive a "HIRE Vets Medallion Award." There are two award tiers, Platinum and Gold, for large (500-plus employees), medium (51-499 employees),
and small employers (50 or fewer employees). Verification of award criteria includes a self-attestation
by the applicant CEO or CHRO and a check for violations of the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Act (VEVRAA).
Benefits of the Program
Successful employers receive a certificate stating the award year, a digital image of the medallion to use, including as part of an advertisement, solicitation, business activity, or product, and will be recognized on the program website. Award recipients have the opportunity to utilize the medallion in the marketing of their firm as a veteran ready business when hiring and in efforts to attract additional business.
Detailed information about how to gain eligibility can be found at HIREVets.gov.
48015 Pine Hill Run Road
Building 4 Suite 101
Lexington Park, MD 20653
© 2023 Hawkeye Tracking. All rights reserved.


Hotel Artemis 2018 Movie Free Download from Online to Here. Enjoy watching this popular full action crime both thriller HD full film and download free. This film story about- Set in riot-torn, near-future Los Angeles, 'Hotel Artemis' follows the Nurse, who runs a secret, members-only emergency room for criminals. Just download to watch online free.
Movies Info: Drew Pearce directed and wrote this film. Starring are Jodie Foster, Sofia Boutella, Dave Bautista top role-playing in here. It's running time 1hour 34mintues. It was released October June 8, 2018, in the USA.


Prime 3 story downtown retail/office building in the Owen Sound downtown core. The building is suitable for a variety of retail and office uses. Lots of traffic by the front door with public parking free for two hours. 7 two piece washrooms and a variety of office sizes spread among 3 levels. Each level is approximately 2000 square feet. Upper level 2100 square feet is vacant and ready for your own business! Main floor is rented to a real estate company (longer term tenant). Lower level is partially rented to a massage therapist and owner occupied office. Third floor is also ideal to renovate for apartments. This building can also be bought as a package with 1071 2nd Ave East.


text:
Radio Thailand Satun is a Thailand government radio station which is owned by the Public Relations Department. It broadcasts in Satun Province, parts of Trang Province, Songkhla Province and Phatthalung Province. It can be received in Malaysia in places such as Perlis, Langkawi, northern Kedah and Penang. Radio Thailand Satun broadcasts on two FM frequencies and one AM frequency with 1 kW and 10 kW transmitter power output respectively. It provides information, knowledge and entertainment to the listeners.

Frequencies
 FM 95.5 MHz from Tambon Khuan Khan district cover Satun province, Malaysia: Perlis, Langkawi and North Kedah (Jitra, Bukit Kayu Hitam, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Nerang, Ayer Hitam, Kubang Pasu, Alor Setar, Pendang and parts of Yan) as well as parts of Trang, Songkhla and Phatthalung.
FM 99.5 MHz from Tambon Khuan Khan district cover Satun province, Malaysia: Perlis, Langkawi, Penang as well as parts of Trang, Songkhla and Phatthalung.
 AM 1206 kHz from Khuan Khan Muang covers Satun provinces.

NOTE: Radio Thailand FM 95.5 MHz and FM 99.5 MHz have different programmes.

Programs
 FM 95.5 MHz – General service, entertainment, music, local information, news and knowledge for Satun community.
 FM 99.5 MHz – Life and social, but most programs are broadcast via Radio Thailand Bangkok FM 92.5 MHz/AM 891 kHz (National radio network) and Radio Thailand AM 918 kHz ASEAN-language radio network.

References
 Radio Thailand Satun FM 95.5 schedule
 Radio Thailand Satun FM 99.5 schedule
 About Radio Thailand Satun

External links
 Radio Thailand Satun FM 95.5 Official Website

Radio stations in Thailand


text:
Someone Great is Gone
illness serif;">Ciaran Breslin explores the triumphant end of LCD Soundsytem in the light of the recent documentary Shut Up And Play The Hits
help serif;">LCD Soundsystem are a once in a lifetime band. They are important and timeless in the same way that other pioneering bands become irrevocably associated with a time period, a sound, a mood. Like The Clash or The Beatles they have the potential, in time, to retrospectively embody a musical period. To pin a genre on them is certainly not rewarding. They don't sound like dance-punk or electro-indie or post-disco: they sound like the musical period between the early 2000's and now. Seeing as I am only around 22 years old, it might seem a bit disingenuous to claim to be a long-term disciple or authority on the band; I was fourteen and probably largely oblivious when they released their debut album. But my musical tastes matured along with the band's career. What I was listening to by the time I got a bit older was informed by the same school of music from which LCD graduated. It's like the way everyone goes through a phase of loving Punk or Madchester or even Led Zeppelin or someone like that. You discover these exciting, fantastic bands, and you become briefly obsessed before you find the disconnect: just how much can you wear Fred Perry and listen to the Jam before it rings hollow. They might be iconic, generation shaping musical movements, but it's not your generation. LCD Soundsytem shaped our generation.
The documentary (and the final shows in Madison Square Garden around which its based) is an inspired way to end the band. James Murphy has never been shy about courting the more commercial side of the industry, recording a 45 minute long track commissioned for a Nike athletic campaign and having several LCD tracks popping up on adverts and game soundtracks. The idea of the documentary, and the involvement of people like Spike Jonze, is another embrace of modernity, an affirmation of the band willingness to contemporise and experiment. Similarly, the appearance of Arcade Fire on stage to perform North American Scum doesn't ring hollow, the idea of selling out or anything like that is never entertained: LCD are in complete control of their destiny and this is how they're going to do it. And because of that, it's a visually stunning piece of work.
The action opens, aptly enough, on the minute after the end, as they walk offstage for the last time and the roadies clear away their gear. The next ten minutes prepare us for how the film will operate: it cuts variously from Murphy alone making coffee in his apartment to a couple of arty shot media interviews where we hear sage and for the most part, interesting questions about the nature of music-as-art and legacy, spliced in between the band interacting backstage before the final show, not visibly nervous, just excited and attractive. All this however, is completely blown from your mind around eleven minutes in when the first extended footage from the concert is debuted. Dance Yrself Clean explodes from the screen, again brilliantly shot and with impeccable sound quality. It comes as a reminder of why we're watching, what all the fuss is about. Forget all the analytical stuff about art, about shaping generations, it just sounds fresh and familiar and joyful and fantastic.
This is how the action continues, with songs vying for time with backstage action and the constant interview of Murphy. It makes for compelling viewing, with nothing really on screen long enough to get boring, and often interesting things not being on screen long enough. The atmospheric shots of New York are beautiful and work brilliantly with the examination of the Murphy's intentions and influences, so tied in as they are with the city. Everything is seamlessly edited. "What was the ambition" asks our un-named interviewer, over a shot of Murphy getting on the Subway at sunset. "To leave a mark I guess. To leave a stain" comes the reply, as the unmistakable opening of All My Friends jolts the camera back to slow motion shots of Madison Square Garden going crazy. For this is probably LCD Soundsystem's mark. Their finest, most poignant, most iconic moment. The director has enough good sense to just let the whole song play out. "To tell the truth, this could be the last time" sings Murphy knowingly, a song probably as entwined with the emotional, modern, coming-of-age anxiety and apathy of the 21st century as no other.
Visually the highlight is probably Us Vs Them, when a massive discoball is revealed halfway through, strobe-ing the packed out audience as they dance furiously. The swopping of audio from Murphy's dissection of Losing My Edge in the interview with footage from the performance of the song is another excellent moment, providing incisive exploration of Murphy's influences behind the beginning of the band. Later Murphy gives a rambling onstage speech introducing Arcade Fire which finally segueways into the most fun song of the set, devoid for a moment of the poignancy that permeates most of the night, as it seems everyone in New York is compelled to joyfully scream along to North Amercian Scum. More footage of Murphy explaining his reasons for ending the band, a nostalgic last meal between all the members and a symbolic goodbye between them threatens for a moment to become over sentimental before giving way to an emotional performance of Someone Great which rescues any fears that the sentimentality might briefly feel contrived.
The film undoubtedly stands as the Last Waltz of a generation, and remains every bit as relevant for this generation as that was back then. Perhaps it's the proclivity of James Murphy to deal simultaneously with themes of creative fecundity and lethargy, or perhaps to put it another way, to address the polarity between artistry and artificiality, that makes the whole project (the band, the concerts, the legacy) ring so true in our modern era. The second last scene sees Murphy looking at the old equipment before it gets sold, the guitars and amps and keyboards, and briefly shedding a few tears, the only time in the film in which the obvious emotion onstage is ever really acknowledged offstage. And with that, we're back at what Murphy calls "this weird thing in a boxing arena", an aptly ridiculous venue for what started as a single underground dance movement and is now filling out the biggest stadium in Manhattan. The final song, inevitably, is New York I Love You (But You're Bringing Me Down). The slow build up to the familiar emotionally charged crescendo ends the concert, ends the film and ends the band. As thousands of white balloons cascade into the arena both the band and audience are in tears at the end of something truly influential and special.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tK7ERRrpzo
Tagged: lcd soundsystem music shut up and play the hits
Good Luck Everybody – AJJ
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Viking welcomes the latest additions to its river fleet with the naming of seven new ships during a celebration on the River Rhine in Basel. In keeping with a maritime tradition dating back thousands of years, Viking invited seven long-serving employees and members of the company's family to serve as honorary godmothers of the new ships including Wendy Atkin-Smith, MD Viking UK.
Wendy was named as godmother to Viking Sigrun, which will sail the eight-day Rhine Getaway itinerary between Basel and Amsterdam. Viking Sigrun, named after the leader of a band of horseriding female Valkyries from Norse mythology, is one of six new Viking Longships. The other ships, Viking Einar, Viking Sigyn, Viking Tir, Viking Ullur and Viking Vali, will be deployed on Viking's most popular itineraries on the Rhine, Main and Danube. The seventh new ship, Viking Helgrim, was inspired by the design of Longships and built specifically for the Douro River.
"We began hosting guests on the rivers of Russia 22 years ago, and have always done things differently. We focus on the destination and provide travel experiences that allow our guests to learn, enrich their lives and explore the world in comfort. It is 'The Viking Difference' that has made us the leading river cruise line in the world and has helped river cruising become one of the fastest-growing segments of travel," said Torstein Hagen, Chairman of Viking.
The naming event was executed by connecting the new ships via satellite across four European cities. Viking Einar and Viking Sigrun were docked in Basel and named in person by their godmothers. The other five ships were "virtually" named, Viking Sigyn and Viking Ullur in Rostock, Germany; Viking Tir and Viking Vali in Brunsbüttel, Germany and Viking Helgrim in Porto, Portugal. In keeping with another maritime tradition, a bottle of Gammel Opland aquavit was broken on the bow of each new ship. Gammel Opland comes from the same area in Norway where Chairman Hagen's mother, Ragnhild, also known as 'Mamsen', was born and was her favourite brand of aquavit. Following the naming event, guests had dinner at Basel's Fondation Beyeler museum, set amidst the museum's newest and most ambitious exhibition: The Young Picasso. Blue and Rose Periods. Guests were also treated to a performance by Alma Deutscher, the 14-year-old English composer, pianist, violinist and child prodigy.
Wendy Wu Tours, the UK's number one Asia travel specialists, say cruise lovers are setting their sights on Asia. The Mekong, once seen as an adventurous destination for intrepid explorers, is now a serious contender to European rivers, including the Rhine and Danube. One of the best ways to explore life along the Mekong River is by ship and Wendy Wu Tours are set to shake up the Mekong River cruise market with the launch of their new, state-of-the-art, deluxe river cruise ship, Victoria Mekong. Billed as one of the most exciting and eagerly awaited cruise ship launches of 2019, Victoria Mekong takes river cruising to a new level adopting a stylish, contemporary design with an Asian twist. The ship makes its maiden voyage at the end of this year and will sail four group tours and two private tours through Vietnam and Cambodia.
State-of-the-art features on board include Victoria Mekong's signature cocktail pool and pool bar, contemporary Asia-themed bar and lounge with luxurious soft furnishings plus signature restaurant with locally-inspired menu showcasing native cuisine. The ship has 33 spacious deluxe cabins and two luxurious VIP suites, all with private balcony.


In 2014, MSW GmbH became the new name for metal-working expertise. Quality and services will continue to be delivered at the levels of excellence to which customers of Ing. Ernst Kurri's business have been accustomed for decades!
Our key resource is our outstanding workforce. In our team, specialisation is a key priority as requirements have become highly diverse over time due to the enormous range of products and technologies offered. We only employ true professionals.
Our predominantly in-house trained welders are able to deliver complex solutions. Working with welding engineers, they develop and execute the best possible solutions in unregulated and regulated aviation applications.
In our machine shop, highly skilled workers operate state-of-the art CNC turning, milling and cutting machines and press brakes. This enables us to offer complete solutions ranging from raw parts to finished parts with maximum productivity in cutting and shaping.


It is estimated that approximately 25% of Poles suffer from mental disorders! It is estimated that about 75% of persons suffering from mental disorders do not receive any care! A total of 1 400 000 persons were covered by psychiatric care in 2011, including 184 551 schizophrenia cases, the treatment of which was financed by the National Health Fund! In 2014, the number of patients with schizophrenia, covered by medical care services, financed by the National Health Fund, rose up to 187 021 cases.
Not every mental discomfort should be interpreted as mental disorder. Distress, anxiety, sadness, discouragement, insomnia or the lack of appetite are all natural reactions to difficult life events, conflicts, suffered losses and experienced disillusionments. We respond with sadness, anxiety, sometimes with fear or irritation and even with anger to our failures and disappointments which threaten our good self-evaluation, mental integrity and our sense of safety.
Anxiety and sadness, which occur in a difficult situation, are not disorders. However, they may really lead to disorders until we tackle the issues head-on, solving unfavourable circumstances and the emotions which they raise. Chronic situational stress, an untackled conflict-raising situation or effects of severe traumatic stress may underlie disorders, associate with stress and neurotic disorders, including disturbed sleep, mood, emotions and behaviours, affected nutrition, anxiety and depressive disorders.
Just as physical pain warns against compromised biological integrity (based on our experience, we instinctively withdraw our hand away from a hot or sharp object), then fear and anxiety are signals, alarming about threats or dangers for our psyche.
In some persons, the consequences of severe stress may lead to permanent personality changes. In persons, susceptible to life crisis episodes and chance events, they may support triggering of the first episode or recurrence of psychotic disorders from the group of schizophrenia and delusional, affective (depressive and manic) disorders.
In order to stay organized, safe and comfortable in difficult situations, which are brought by life, we need support of others, sometimes, also from professional specialists. For there is a rather vaguely separated area between the fullness of mental health and mental condition with growing symptoms of mental discomfort and difficulties in dealing with everyday events.
In case of persistent, strongly enhanced symptoms of mental discomfort (such as anxiety or depressive mood, sleep and appetite disorders, irritability and impulsiveness), when the symptoms distort our functioning and affect relations with other people - we may start talking about mental disorders which require professional care.
In a situation of considerable, long-term stress, experienced by a person with congenital, enhanced susceptibility to mental functional disturbances, e.g. in family history (genetically inherited) and with lower mental health resources (weak social skills, limited capacity of coping with emotions and a small number of available and inefficient network of mental care professionals), such persons may be at risk of a mental (psychotic) condition episode which can be manifested by schizophrenia, depression or mania with psychotic symptoms, as well as by delusional disorders).
The occurrence of a psychotic episode may also be supported by alcohol overuse or substance addiction.
How to cope with a crisis?
Life and family crisis episodes, as well as random traumatic events are situations which, after being successfully tackled, may increase the natural resources of experiences and stress management skills of affected person, while also contributing to the development of personality and enhanced adaptive capacity. However, certain situations can be beyond the coping capabilities of a given subject, thus becoming a source of potential risks for its mental and somatic health.
The persons, who are experiencing life problems and/or traumatic events, are exposed to overuse of alcohol, tranquillising agents and other substances, especially drugs, as the simplest methods of coping with emotions. It may lead to substance addiction. General support and professional assistance, provided to persons, experiencing difficult life situations or dramatic chance events, not only help effectively cope with negative emotions, rethink the circumstances and plan strategies of overcoming crisis situations, but it may also be fairly significant for prevention of mental disorders.
The support of family and friends is often fairly sufficient but, it happens that professional help is indispensable. This help is provided by the state to the citizens within the framework of social and medical care services provided by appropriate professionals and institutional organisations.
When should professional help be sought for?
It is important to bear in mind that the human nature is complex in its bio-psychosocial character. In good health, the human body is able to adapt to changing environmental circumstances, to cope with external threats and internal, mental conflicts.
However, excessive burdens, exceeding the adaptive capacity of an individual, may induce homeostatic disturbance, i.e., violate the systemic balance. This, in turn, may lead to decreased bio-mental resistance, favouring higher incidence rates of various medical conditions - both somatic and mental.
It is important to keep in mind that mental disorders may not only be manifested in the mental sphere but also in the physical (somatic) realm of human functioning.
Similarly, somatic diseases may be revealed via both somatic (pains, weakness) and mental (irritability, anxiety, worse mood) symptoms. Therefore, primary care doctors (GP, internal doctor, family doctor) diagnose and identify somatic and mental conditions. In a similar way, a psychiatrist, while diagnosing mental disorders, examines the somatic status of a patient in order to either exclude or identify somatic disease.


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Gems written at the age of 14
The Hidden Life Gleanings from the journal of Whitmore Winslow written at the age of 14. His journal, which was previously unknown to his family, was found among his papers after his unexpected death, at the age of 21. He died in 1856, and was the son of Octavius Winslow. How frail the thread! How short is time, and what a smal ...read
The Hidden Life Gleanings from the journal of Whitmore Winslow written at the age of 15. His journal, which was previously unknown to his family, was found among his papers after his unexpected death, at the age of 21. He died in 1856, and was the son of Octavius Winslow. A picture repulsive to every refined feeling. Truly do ...read
Gems written at the age of 16 - 18
The Hidden Life Gleanings from the journal of Whitmore Winslow written at the age of 16 to 18. His journal, which was previously unknown to his family, was found among his papers after his unexpected death, at the age of 21. He died in 1856, and was the son of Octavius Winslow. When He afflicts, it is only out of kindness Sweet ...read
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A guide for managers (or owners of small businesses) considering better cost control.
How to approach stock control and using it to maximise your cash flow.
A guide to help you through the early stages of your business, before you make a profit.
Does VAT baffle you? Here are some of the essential points about VAT.
How many sales you need to start the growth process.
At the start-up stage, one of the biggest challenges is finding customers, while gaining finance. When your business has developed, issues such as cash flow, growth funding, and factoring need to be addressed.
Use these resources to help you find out more. They are designed for both start-up and developed businesses.


Media is blowing up smoke.
Oh, good. That means it's not going on sale anytime soon, then.
Ah well, Samsung just took it too far and now they'll have to stay the course even if it's leading to the waterfall edge.


Last spring when Michael Jackson's Neverland Ranch was up for auction, Jonathan Haeber of Bearings blog, a website for urban explorers, posted renegade nightime photos of the infamous ranch.
Some of the photos were released, but not all. The photos that were released were beautiful and amazing. So, without further ado, here are some of the photos.
On the left side of the front gate is this picture.
The infamous Disney-like train station.
The train station in black and white.


Be Zero is a new original puzzle with a fantastic style. Make each number equal to zero! The best game for puzzle lovers. The best game for fans of fiction. I promise that this is exciting and unique. I promise that it's worth it. Use blocks of two colors to add or subtract. Move them across the field, create winning combinations. You are waiting for several dozen levels.


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Q: Does oxidized copper conduct electricity? When the surface of copper turns that greenish oxidized color, does the resistance to current flow increase or isn't affected?
For instance if the point of contact is secure and clean but bare visible copper wire has oxidized will it still conduct electricity no problem?
Like this ground wire in my car. The resistance to negative of the battery reads 0 \$ \Omega \$ as well as from both ends of the cable itself.

A: The oxides are non-conductive as they have a full valence bands, but if you "dig into" the wire, you'll get to metal that isn't covered with an oxide. CuO is pink, but does not complete the valence rings, so you get Cu2O after a time, which is black.  The green is either from a sulfate or carbonate.  You have CO floating near the engine, you'll have some green after the Cu2O reduces.  If you see green near the battery, it's because the sulfur from the the battery has electromigrated up to the connector and gone it a lower energy state there.  You see this when you have a "bad cell".   I'm pretty sure it's Cu4SO4 with some (OH) hydrated state.
Anyway, you need to take some steelwool and clean off wires in order to remove the oxide if you want to remount them.  You could put them in a glass of Coke and have the phosphate reduce the copper oxides.  Everything just wants to be at a lower energy level, and if you are there, you don't conduct.

A: In your photo the corrosion on the outside does not really matter, and it tends to be self-limiting- once a layer forms the corrosion slows greatly.
What matters is the connection between the plated copper or brass lug and the copper wire, and that is a crimp connection. A proper crimp joint is gas-tight and will not allow corrosion to occur within the joint.
To get a reliable gas-tight crimp proper tools should be used in accordance with the manufacturer's directions. A cheap crimp tool that just mashes the lug barrel against the wire is a recipe for unreliability. Good ones are made with precision, hardened dies and ratchet so that once a crimp is started it must be completed before the tool opens.
Here is a photo (from here) of some properly crimped connectors that have been sectioned to show the wire-lug interface. As you can see it's become pretty much a solid mass:

If you sliced open your automotive lug you would likely see a similar wire-lug interface that is a solid mass.

A: When cars and trucks burn fuel they emit sulfur dioxide and other pollutants (all bad for your health). The sulfur dioxide mixes with the moisture in the air to make a very mild sulfuric acid. this mild acid reacts with the exposed copper and turns it green. This green oxide is non conductive. However the copper wire that is crimped by the terminal connection or covered by insulation are protected from this mild acid mixture and thus stays copper bright and totally conductive. I have seen gold, silver and iron turn black. Aluminum turns powdery white from this same mild acid. You could use a white light grease to seal the metal contacts from the environment and oxidation. We use to use that grease in factory environments where petroleum lubricants (high in sulfur) where used.

A: Metallic materials, in certain conditions, can develop a thin film of ceramic material for various reasons (it is usually an oxide of the underlying metal). Ceramic materials do not conduct electricity, but the surface thin film is usually confined to a few atomic layers, so it will not affect significantly the properties of the bulk metal (provided the thickness of the metal is not subnanometric).

A: The surface oxidation does NOT affect the conductivity of the wire unless the degradation is MUCH deeper. You have proved that for yourself with your zero-ohm measurement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If visiting family/friends then Verpflichtungserklärung (formal obligation letter) of your sponsor on the availability of funds to cover living expenses while staying in Germany (financial proof) is required.
The area of jurisdiction of the embassy comprises the states of: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand as well as the Union Territories of Chandigarh, NCT of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep including Minicoy and Amini.
The German Embassy in New Delhi also serves the applicants from Bhutan.
3 Photographs Three recent (not older than 6 months) white background photographs in the size of 4.5 cm x 3.5 cm are required. The face should cover about 70-80% of the photo area (no copy or scanned photograph). 1st picture pasted on the application - 2nd picture has to be clipped on the last page of the passport, Stapled or pinned photographs would not be accepted.
(if salaried) Form no. 16 of the last 3 years, pay slips of last 3 months and Leave sanctioned letter from Employer.
(if self-employed) Bank statement of past three (3) months with sufficient funds, income tax return (ITR) papers of last three (3) years , Certificate of Proprietorship/company registration, MOU/ Incorporation certificate or other proof of ownership (proof of land title, proof of income from agriculture (sales form) etc.
12 Authorization Letter For Minors (under 18 years of age) when travelling alone (without parents), an authorization letter signed by both parents along with their self attested passports copies is required.
13 ID Card / Bonafide certificate For Students (travelling with or without parents) should attach copies of their school, college/institute ID cards / bonafide Certificate and leave sanctioned/vacation proof or certificate.
3 Photographs Three recent (not older than 6 months) white background photographs in the size of 4.5 cm x 3.5 cm are required. The face should cover about 70-80% of the photo area (no copy or scanned photograph). 1st picture pasted on the application - 2nd picture has to be clipped on the last page of the passport, Stapled or pinned photographs would not be accepted. .
Original invitation letter written on company letterhead (Official Stationery) addressed to The Visa Officer, Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, Delhi specifying the following.
Letter must be signed by the higher authorized person with company seal, name and designation of the signing authority must be mentioned.
3 Photographs Three recent (not older than 6 months) white background photographs in the size of 4.5 cm x 3.5 cm are required. The face should cover about 70-80% of the photo area (no copy or scanned photograph). 1st picture pasted on the application - 2nd picture has to be clipped on the last page of the passport,Stapled or pinned photographs would not be accepted.


My parents were against supporting dictatorial regimes. For example, during the 1960s and '70s, they would only buy pickled gherkins that had been made in Western Europe, in places like West Germany or Holland. They would not have bought Hungarian or Polish, or even Bulgarian gherkins because by doing so they believed that some of the money they spent might well end up being used build weapons that could be used against the 'free' West. They were against visiting countries behind the "Iron Curtain" or General Franco's Spain.
"Don't be silly, I can't keep these," my mother replied, realising their worth.
My mother thought he was joking, but after that occasion my parents kept getting invitations from him.
This dinner party happened soon after the 21st of April 1967, when a group of colonels, the Junta, took control of the Government of Greece replacing a democracy with a dictatorship. How could they possibly accept their new friend's kind invitation to a country with a dictatorship? Much as they would have liked to accept, going to Greece was even worse than buying gherkins from a Communist country.
The invitation kept being repeated. After about two years, I came up with a suggestion. I said to my parents that if we were to become guests of the millionaire, we would contribute little or nothing to the economy of the Greek Junta. Miraculously, my parents saw my point and decided to accept the invitation.
On arrival in Greece, we found it very difficult to spend any of our own money. We were looked after by one of the millionaire's former employees. If he saw us so much as looking at something, he would try to buy it for us. We learned to look at things discretely!
Unloved by most Greeks, Pattakos is said to have told a reporter that when, he returned to his native Crete, a few months after seizing power, his mother had demanded to know who had put him up to "this evil" (see: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/10/09/stylianos-pattakos-last-survivor-of-the-1967-greek-military-junt/).
I feel sure that if they had been able to do so, they would have washed their hands thoroughly after contact with Pattakos.