text:
The 3DO Interactive Multiplayer, also referred to as simply 3DO, is a home video game console developed by The 3DO Company. Conceived by entrepreneur and Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins, the 3DO was not a console manufactured by the company itself, but a set of specifications, originally designed by Dave Needle and Robert J. Mical of New Technologies Group, that could be licensed by third parties. Panasonic produced the first models in 1993, and further renditions of the hardware were released in 1994 by GoldStar (now LG Electronics), and in 1995 by Sanyo.

Despite having a highly promoted launch (including being named Time magazine's "1993 Product of the Year"), the console received mixed to negative reviews, and an oversaturated console market prevented the system from achieving success comparable to competing consoles from Sega and Sony. By 1996 3DO saw no market in places like NA and the EU. By mid-1997, The 3DO Opera hardware was sold to Samsung.

History
The 3DO Interactive Multiplayer was originally conceived by The 3DO Company, founded in September 12, 1991 by Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins. The company's objective was to create a next-generation, CD-based video game/entertainment standard which would be manufactured by various partners and licensees; 3DO would collect a royalty on each console sold and on each game manufactured. To game publishers, the low  royalty rate per game was a better deal than the higher royalties paid to Nintendo and Sega when making games for their consoles. The 3DO hardware itself was designed by Dave Needle and R. J. Mical (designers of the Amiga and Atari Lynx), starting from an outline on a restaurant napkin in 1989. Trip Hawkins was a long-time acquaintance of Needle and Mical and found that their design very closely fit his philosophy for architecture and approach, so he decided that: "Rather than me start a brand new team and starting from scratch it just made a lot of sense to ... join forces with them and shape what they were doing into what I wanted it to be."

The 3DO Company lacked the resources to manufacture consoles, and instead licensed the hardware to other companies for manufacturing. Trip Hawkins recounted that they approached every electronics manufacturer, but that their chief targets were Sony and Panasonic, the two largest consumer electronics companies in the world. However, Sony had already begun development on their own console, the PlayStation, and ultimately decided to continue work on it rather than sign with 3DO. According to former Sega CEO Tom Kalinske The 3DO Company was engaged in very serious talks for Sega to become involved with the 3DO. However, it was passed on by Sega due to concerns over cost. Panasonic launched the 3DO with its FZ-1 model in 1993, though Goldstar and Sanyo would later manufacture the 3DO as well. Companies who obtained the hardware license but never actually sold 3DO units include Samsung, Toshiba, and AT&T, who went so far as to build prototype AT&T 3DO units and display them at the January 1994 Consumer Electronics Show.

Licensing to independent manufacturers made the system extremely expensive. The manufacturers had to make a profit on the hardware itself, whereas most major game console manufacturers, such as Sega and Sony, sold their systems at a loss, with expectations of making up for the loss with software sales. The 3DO was priced at , far above competing game systems and aimed at high-end users and early adopters. Hawkins has argued that 3DO was launched at , and not "higher myths that are often reported". In a later interview, Hawkins clarified that while the suggested retail price was , not all retailers sold the system at that price. Goldstar, Sanyo, and Panasonic's later models were less expensive to manufacture than the FZ-1 and were sold for considerably lower prices. For example, the Goldstar model launched at . In addition, after six months on the market, the price of the FZ-1 had dropped to , leading some to contend that the 3DO's cost was not as big a factor in its market failure as is usually claimed.

Hawkins' belief was that the 3DO system could become a dominant standard in a similar way to that achieved by the VHS video cassette format, with several companies being able to promote the standard effectively against individual competitors with their own technologies, such as Sony and Betamax, in the context of VHS. It was also believed that companies would be able to more effectively compete by being able to leverage a common standard, as opposed to having to attract developers to individual formats, with Hawkins noting that this would be "tough for Atari and Sony". Indeed, Hawkins believed that the failure of NEC to establish its TurboGrafx system, and yet being "much bigger than Sony", illustrated the difficulties faced by new entrants to the console market and thought that Sony, in following the business model of Sega and Nintendo, "would have had a better chance if it had partnered with some of the others". Meanwhile, other products were not regarded as competitive threats: the Atari Jaguar was perceived as "primitive" and "slightly better than a 16-bit system", and the Philips CD-i was regarded as "really obsolete by today's standards". Both 3DO and Philips, seeking to pioneer the broader concept of interactive entertainment, aimed to sell in the order of one million units during 1994 and into 1995.

Hawkins claimed that the console was HDTV-capable, and that the company could use its technology for a set-top box. It was believed the platform would appeal to cable companies seeking to provide digital interactive services, with broadcasts being accompanied by digital information, eventually leading to the development of video-on-demand services on what was described as a "client-server interactive network", with an interactive networking trial having been announced in collaboration with US West in Omaha, Nebraska for the autumn of 1994. Computer Gaming World reported in January 1994 that 3DO "is poised for an avalanche of software support to appear in the next 12 months", unlike the Atari Jaguar and Pioneer LaserActive. The magazine predicted that "If 3DO's licensees can get enough machines and software out in the market, this could very well become the interactive gamer's entry level machine" and possibly "the ideal plug and play solution for those of us who are tired of playing circuit board roulette with our personal computers". Electronic Arts promoted the console in two-page advertisements, describing it as a "technological leap" and promising "twenty new titles ... over the next twelve months".

The launch of the platform in October 1993 received a great deal of attention in the press as part of the "multimedia wave" in the computer world at the time. Return Fire, Road Rash, FIFA International Soccer, and Jurassic Park Interactive had been slated for launch releases but were pushed to mid-1994 due to the developers' struggles with the then-cutting-edge hardware. Moreover, the 3DO Company made continued updates to the console hardware almost up to the system's release, which resulted in a number of third-party titles missing the launch date, in some cases by less than a month, because the developers weren't left enough time to fully test them on the finalized hardware. The only 3DO software available at launch was the third-party game Crash 'n Burn. Panasonic also failed to manufacture an ample supply of the console in time for launch day, and as a result most retail stores only received one or two units. By mid-November, the 3DO had sold 30,000 units.

The system was released in Japan in March 1994 with an initial lineup of six games. The Japanese launch was moderately successful, with 70,000 units shipping to 10,000 stores. However, sales soon dropped and by 1995 the system was known in Japan as a host for pornographic releases.

The 3DO's claim to the title of most advanced console on the market was lost with the 1994 Japanese launches of the Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn. The 3DO Company responded by emphasizing their console's large existing software library, lower price (both the Panasonic and Goldstar models were  by this time), and promised successor: the M2. To assure consumers that the 3DO would still be supported, the M2 was initially announced as an add-on for the 3DO. It was later revealed that the M2 would be an entirely separate console, albeit one with 3DO backward compatibility. Eventually the M2 project was cancelled.

Unlike Panasonic, Goldstar initially produced only 3DO hardware, not software. This made it difficult to manage competitive price drops, and when the price of the Goldstar 3DO dropped to  in December 1995, the company took a loss of more than  on each sale. Goldstar tried switching to the usual industry model of selling hardware at a loss and profiting on software, but though a handful of Goldstar games were published for the 3DO, Goldstar's software development operation arrived too late to allow them to turn a profit on the 3DO. This lack of a profitable business model, combined with Panasonic acquiring exclusive rights to the M2 technology, were cited as the two chief reasons for Goldstar dropping support for the 3DO in early 1996. During the second quarter of 1996 several of the 3DO's most loyal software supporters, including the software division of The 3DO Company themselves, announced they were no longer making games for the system, leaving Panasonic as the only company supporting active software development for the 3DO.

The 3DO system was eventually discontinued towards the end of 1996, with a complete shutdown of all internal hardware development and divestment of the M2 technology. The 3DO Company restructured themselves around this same time, selling off their hardware division to become a multi-platform company focused on software development and online gaming. After selling the Opera hardware to Samsung in 1997, the hardware was revived in South Korea for another 2 years then discontinued again at some point in late 1998 or early 1999. The amount of systems produced after the Samsung buyout is unknown.

The initial high price is considered to be one of the many issues that led to the 3DO's failure, along with lack of significant funding that larger companies such as Sony took advantage of. In an interview shortly after The 3DO Company dropped support for the system, Trip Hawkins attributed its failure to the model of licensing all hardware manufacturing and software to third parties. He reasoned that for a console to be a success, it needed a single strong company to take the lead in marketing, hardware, and software, and pointed out that it was essentially a lack of coordination between The 3DO Company, Panasonic, and the 3DO's software developers which had led to the console launching with only one game ready.

Licensed systems

A number of different manufacturers produced the 3DO system. The Panasonic versions are the best known and most common.

 Panasonic FZ-1 R·E·A·L 3DO Interactive Multiplayer (Japan, Asia, North America and Europe) The first 3DO system, which was initially priced at  in the U.S. and  in Japan. The price was reduced to $399.99 in the fall of 1994.
 Panasonic FZ-10 R·E·A·L 3DO Interactive Multiplayer (Japan, North America and Europe) Released on November 11, 1994 (a year after the FZ-1), it is a redesigned slimmer and lighter model that replaced the FZ-1 in Panasonic's portfolio. The FZ-10 featured a top loading CD tray and an internal memory manager. The controller is also smaller and lighter than the one included with the FZ-1 as it lacks a headphones connector.
 Panasonic N-1005 3DO CD Changer "ROBO" (Japan only) An FZ-1 custom console, fitted with a five disc CD drive.
 GoldStar GDO-101 Alive 3DO Interactive Multiplayer (South Korea) Released in mid-1994, this model is similar in physical appearance to the Panasonic model.
 GoldStar GDO-101M 3DO Interactive Multiplayer (North America and Europe) A version of the GDO-101 for foreign markets.
 GoldStar GDO-202 3DO Interactive Multiplayer (Korea and Europe) An updated version of the GDO-101. CD-ROM drive replaced with one similar to that of the FZ-1 style.
 GoldStar GDO-203 3DO Alive II (South Korea only) Replaced the GDO-202 in late 1995, but was discontinued shortly thereafter. Had a centered, top-loading CD tray.
 Sanyo IMP-21J TRY 3DO Interactive Multiplayer (Japan only) Released in March 1995, this model has the pickup head on the tray (resembling a laptop optical drive). It was made in moderate quantities before it was discontinued.
 Creative 3DO Blaster A PC ISA expansion card with a double-speed CD-ROM drive and a controller that enables compatible Windows-based PCs to play 3DO games.
Arcade American Laser Games utilized 3DO-based hardware for a number of arcade titles.
Samsung DMB-800 - Manufactured exclusively for the Korean market, after the purchase of the Opera hardware in 1997. This multipurpose unit could be used for 3DO software, VCD playback, and Karaoke.

Hardware
The original edition of the console, the FZ-1, was referred to in full as the 3DO REAL Interactive Multiplayer. The console had advanced hardware features at the time: an ARM60 32-bit RISC CPU, a custom graphics processor with a math co-processor, and a custom DSP at 16 bits with a 20bit ACU . It also featured 2 megabytes (MB) of DRAM, 1 MB of VRAM, and a double speed CD-ROM drive for main CD+Gs or Photo CDs (and Video CDs with an add-on MPEG video module). The 3DO included the first light synthesizer in a game console, converting CD music to a mesmerizing color pattern.

The 3DO is one of few CD-based units that feature neither regional lockout nor copy protection, making it easy to use illegal copies or homebrew software. Although there is no regional lockout for 3DO systems, a few Japanese games cannot be played on non-Japanese 3DO consoles due to a special kanji font which was not present in the English language console firmware. Games that have compatibility issues include Sword and Sorcery (which was released in English under the title Lucienne's Quest),  Twinkle Knights and a demo version of Alone in the Dark.

Technical specifications

Processor
 32-bit RISC CPU @ 12.5 MHz (ARM60) using VY86C060-20FC / VY86C06020FC-2 (native stock speed of 20FC chips is @ 20 MHz.)

Display

 Resolution 640×480 (interpolated), 320×240 (actual) 60 Hz for NTSC version, and 768×576 (interpolated), 384×288 (actual) 50 Hz for PAL version with either 16-bit palettized color (from 24-bit) or 24-bit truecolor.
 Dual pixel engine (CEL engine) capable of producing 9–16 million pixels per second (36–64 megapix/s interpolated), distorted, scaled, rotated and texture mapped.
 Custom math co-processor (physically located inside MADAM)

System board
 200 MByte/s (50 million words a second) Bus clocked at 50 MHz
 36 DMA channels
 2 MB of main RAM
 1 MB of VRAM
 2 expansion ports
 32 KB SRAM

Sound
 16-bit stereo sound
 Stereo CDDA playback.
 44.1 kHz sound sampling rate
 Supports 4-Channel Dolby Surround sound
 Custom 20-bit digital signal processor (DSP) 20-bit accumulator with 16-bit parameter registers for extended precision, embedded in the CLIO chip.
 13 DMA channels of digital input, to be sampled, and distorted by the DSP.

Media
 Double-speed 300 kB/s data transfer CD-ROM drive with 32 KB RAM buffer
 Multitasking 32-bit operating system

Connectivity

Audio and video
 RF switch An RF connector can be used with older TVs that lack direct video inputs. The 3DO output is compatible with most existing video console switches, including those made for the NES/SNES, Sega Master System/Genesis, & NEC Turbo Grafix RF. This provides a relatively low quality but universally compatible video signal.
  Composite RCA The 3DO features standard composite video and audio ports (yellow/red/white RCA connectors) that are compatible with off the shelf cables also used on VHS players and certain other video devices and games consoles, as well as older computer video monitors.
 S-Video  The 3DO also offers an S-Video connector for enhanced picture quality on more advanced televisions.

Power
All 3DO consoles have integrated power supplies. Some models (Panasonic 3DO FZ-1, Sanyo TRY 3DO, and Goldstar 3DO) have hardwired power cords, others (Panasonic 3DO FZ-10) use an IEC 60320 C7 "figure 8" power cord. All North American model specifications are AC 120 V 60 Hz 30 W.

Basic accessories
Most 3DO systems shipped with a standard controller, as well as A/V and power cables. The 3DO controllers were unusual in that the system base unit contained only one controller port and the controllers could be physically daisy chained together via a port on the back of each controller. Up to eight controllers could be linked together in this fashion. All controllers for each 3DO console are compatible with one another.

In addition, standard 3DO controllers released with the Panasonic FZ-1 also contained a headphone jack and volume control for silent play. The GoldStar (LG) model also included a controller with this feature.

Third party controllers were produced by a number of companies including Logitech. World International Trading Corporation also released an adapter that allows Super NES controllers to be used with the 3DO.

Light gun
The only light gun released for the 3DO was the Gamegun, a product of third-party developer American Laser Games. Despite this, no fewer than 10 games with light gun support were produced for the system. Most of these were arcade ports from American Laser Games (including Mad Dog McCree), but Virgin Interactive and Digital Pictures also released 3DO light gun games.

The 3DO Gamegun uses the same design as the Gamegun released for the Sega CD: an orange "Old West" revolver. Select Gameguns house a controller port so that another Gamegun may be daisy-chained for two-player gameplay, which is supported in most of American Laser Games's 3DO titles.

Though no light gun was released for the 3DO in Japan, the Japanese localizations of Demolition Man and Corpse Killer retain light gun support, and could be played by Japanese gamers using imported Gameguns.

Mouse
Panasonic and Logitech both released the 3DO mouse. The Panasonic FZ-JM1 and Logitech 3DO mouse are identical aside from their markings. Fewer than 20 games supported its use, some of which were optimized for the standard controller or light gun rather than the mouse. Of the 3DO games which were optimized for use with the mouse, the best known are Myst and Lemmings. The Panasonic mouse was also bundled with Konami's Policenauts Limited Edition in Japan which came with a Policenauts mouse pad.

Other
Home Arcade Systems released a steering wheel for the 3DO which is supported by several racing titles, including The Need for Speed.

The Panasonic FZ-EM256 is a 256 KB Expandable Memory Unit that plugs into the 3DO expansion port on the back of the console. It was released in 1994 and sold in Japan only.

The Panasonic 3DO Karaoke Mixer allows 3DO owners to play a standard music CD, turn the vocals down, plug in one or two microphones and sing over the music. This unit was released in limited markets.

Games

Some of the best-received titles were ports of arcade or PC games that other systems of the time were not capable of playing, such as Alone in the Dark, Myst and Star Control II. Other popular titles included Total Eclipse, Jurassic Park Interactive, Gex, Crash 'n Burn, Slayer, Killing Time, The Need for Speed, Road Rash, and Immercenary. The 3DO version of arcade title Samurai Shodown was the only port with faithful graphics for some time, and the 3DO Super Street Fighter II Turbo was the first port with its CD-quality audio.

Since its release coincided with the arrival of the modern first-person shooter, the 3DO also had some of the earliest members of the genre as exclusives, such as Escape from Monster Manor, the previously mentioned Killing Time, and PO'ed, as well as ports of Wolfenstein 3D and Doom.

However, the 3DO library also exhibited less successful traits of home consoles at the time. The 3DO was one of the first CD-ROM consoles, and some early titles on the 3DO frequently attempted to use interactive movie-style gameplay. Such titles rendered all or nearly all of their graphics in full motion video, which necessitated that any interactive influence from the player be limited to a greater extent than other games of the time. Some games followed a single unfolding of events simply by correctly timed prompts executed by the player. Night Trap, D, Mad Dog McCree, and The Daedalus Encounter are among the more famous examples of full motion video driven games.

Reception
Reviewing the 3DO, GamePro gave it a "thumbs sideways". They commented that "The 3DO is the first CD-ROM system to make a real jump forward in graphics, sound, and game design." However, they questioned whether it would soon be rendered obsolete by the upcoming Jaguar CD and "Project Reality" (later released as the Nintendo 64) and felt there were not yet enough games to justify a purchase, recommending that gamers wait several months to see if the system would get a worthwhile library of games. The 3DO was awarded Worst Console Launch of 1993 by Electronic Gaming Monthly. In a special Game Machine Cross Review in May 1995, Famicom Tsūshin would score the 3DO Real console a 26 out of 40. Next Generation reviewed the 3DO in late 1995. They noted that due chiefly to its early launch, it had a larger installed base and more high quality games than the newly launched Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation, making it a viable alternative to those systems. However, they debated whether it could remain a serious contender in the long run, in light of the successor M2's imminent release and the Saturn and PlayStation's superior hardware. They deemed the 3DO hardware overhyped but still very good for its time, especially praising the DMA engine. They gave it 2 out of 5 stars, concluding that it "has settled out as a solid system with some good titles in its library and more on the way. The question that must be answered though is this: Is having a 'good system' enough?"

Citing a lack of decent exclusives and an "astronomical asking price", in 2009 video game website IGN chose the 3DO as its 22nd greatest video game console of all time, slightly higher than the Atari Jaguar but lower than its four other major competitors: the SNES (4th best), the Sega Genesis (5th), the PlayStation (7th), and the Sega Saturn (18th). On Yahoo! Games the 3DO was placed among the top five worst console launches due to its one-game launch lineup and high launch price.

Gaming retrospectives have also accused the 3DO of having an abundance of poor quality interactive movies. Trip Hawkins' business model for selling the 3DO was widely derided by industry figures.

Legacy
The 3DO Company designed a next-generation console that was never released due to various business and technological issues. The M2 project, which began as an accelerator add-on for the 3DO, was to use dual PowerPC 602 processors in addition to newer 3D and video rendering technologies. Late during development, the company abandoned the console hardware business and sold the M2 technology to Matsushita.

See also

 1993 in video games
 3DO Rating System
 List of commercial failures in video games
 List of 3DO Interactive Multiplayer games
 Panasonic Jungle

Notes

References

External links

 Examples of 3DO's Video Output in 480i or 240p Composite, S-Video, or RGB

1990s toys
CD-ROM-based consoles
Fifth-generation video game consoles
Home video game consoles
LG Electronics products
Panasonic consoles
Products introduced in 1993
Products and services discontinued in 1996
Sanyo products
Regionless game consoles


text:
Rue-Jade Morgan connects men to their culture
Created: Tue 29 Sep 2020, 12:51 pm
Category: Maori Art
Rue-Jade Morgan initially assumed he must have done something wrong when a prison psychologist greeted him with the words "So you're Jade!" the first time the two of them met.
"My first rule of thumb is to say, 'I didn't do it'," laughs Jade, who teaches a tikanga programme at Otago Corrections Facility.
But it quickly became clear that far from doing anything wrong the psychologist's remark reflected his admiration for the many things Jade was doing right.
"He said to me that he just wanted to put a face to the name because he sees the guys in the prison all the time and they're usually pretty antisocial, but some days they're fizzing and filled with energy and positivity. And when he looks at their notes he sees 'Saw Jade' written in them."
It's just one of many enthusiastic endorsements for Jade's tikanga programme, Te Hōkai Manea Tipuna (the glowing footsteps of our ancestors), which runs once a week for eight weeks and is offered four times a year. The programme has a strong emphasis on Māori weaponry and martial arts – mau rakau, mau patu and ti rakau – as well as kapa haka, waiata and whaikōrero (oratory).
Unlike most people running similar programmes, Jade has also spent time in prison. The goal, he says of his programme, is to inspire the mostly Māori participants to make positives changes in their lives, and help them to understand who they are and where they come from.
A right, not a privilege
"If you want to find redemption and to rehabilitate then it's essential to have access to arts and cultures," Jade says. "It's a right, not a privilege, to have access to your culture."
His success with Te Hōkai Manea Tipuna was recognised at Te Putanga Toi Arts Access Awards 2020 on 13 October, when he received the Māui Tikitiki ā Taranga Award for an individual who demonstrates the qualities of Māui (innovation, creativity and leadership) and provides arts programmes in a New Zealand prison that reflect cultural inclusion and diversity.
In their comments the judging panel said: "Rue-Jade Morgan epitomises the qualities of Māui. A former prisoner, he shares his life experience and self-awareness with others through his Te Hōkai Manea Tīpuna programme. The heartfelt feedback from the men in Otago Corrections Facility is testament to the tremendous value of his work, where he inspires and guides the men on their rehabilitation and reintegration journeys. An outstanding role model!"
Connecting to his culture was central to Jade's own rehabilitation after spending time in prison during the 1990s and it seems to be working for the men who have taken part in Te Hōkai since it started in 2017. While data is still being collected, anecdotal evidence suggests that those who complete the programme are less likely to return to prison.
Enthusiastic endorsements from participants
And if enthusiastic endorsements are a measure of Jade's success, there are plenty of those from the men who have done the programme, which now has a long waiting list.
"Not one programme I have done in jail has ever had such an impact on me like Te Hōkai and that's not only because of the content but Jade's ability to connect with his students, share his life with us and inspire us to look within ourselves," wrote one participant.
"I always look forward to having a check-in with Matua Jade and the rest of the roopu (group)," wrote another.
Both also mention how much fun the classes are. "Laughter is a huge tool in my kete," Jade says.
Jade, who also teaches a foundation studies course at Otago Polytechnic, says the fact he has been to prison himself is central to the success of Te Hōkai Manea Tipuna.
"It means I'm able to speak straight and challenge them. I haven't read it in a book. I've experienced it. I'm also able to role-model the changes I have made in my life that I believe will help them with their family dynamics."
His previous prison experience has also been useful in his recent role as a patron for a group of trainee Corrections officers, known as Cohort 54. He was offered the role after meeting National Commissioner Rachel Leota at Te Putanga Toi Arts Access Awards 2018 ceremony, where he was highly commended for the Māui Tikitiki ā Taranga Award.
"Being a patron is about providing guidance and information and being there for any of the cohort who have a tricky question or two."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As we approach the autumn of the year we are pleased to announce that our turkey and deer population look good and healthy. We have seen many flocks of turkeys with good numbers of poults. We had a successful hunt this spring and expect the fall hunt to be productive. It promises to be good hunting for whitetail deer this fall with bow or rifle.
Last year we purchased several tons of corn to supplement the turkey feed in the wild. We plan to order again this year. As this goes to print we are in the process of finding a place to store the corn for winter use. We plan to start feeding in January unless we have heavy snow in December. Look for posting where and when you may get corn for turkeys. All distribution will be through the Wildlife Club and should be used only for turkeys.
We plan to have mineral blocks for distribution to club members. The blocks will be available when the corn is available. The blocks can be placed this fall for use in early spring by the growing deer for healthy bones and antler growth.
Our plans for building a walleye-rearing pond are still in the works. We have an estimate but the project is on hold because the DNR has yet to secure the permits for us. We have been notified that we qualify for a sum in excess of $5,000.00 from the Inland Fisheries Grant. This will help with the cost of construction. CMU staff, under the direction of Dr. Jim Gillingham, will assist with the rearing of walleye fry once our pond is operational. The plan is to rear walleye to fingerling size and transport them to Lake Geneserath to make that lake a walleye fishery. We feel that this would be a boost to our community especially in light of the plight of the small mouth bass population.
The Annual Hunters' Dinner will be held on Saturday, November 17, 2001 at the Holy Cross Parish Hall. At that time we will be holding a raffle for a rifle and four hunting knives. The rifle is a Winchester Model 94 Legacy 24". It is a .30-30 gold engraved with the BIWC logo, with gold barrel bands and trigger. The knives are Winchester , handmade with gold engravings. There will be 1000 tickets sold at $10.00 each or 11/$100.00. The drawing will be at 9 p.m. the night of the dinner. The Rifle is on display at Powers' Ace Hardware. Or contact Harold Lounsberry @ 448-2536, Bob Banville @ 448-2045, or Lois Williams @448-2475.
If you are a member and wish to renew your membership now for 2002 you may do so by mailing a check to the Beaver Island Wildlife Club, c/o Harold Lounsberry, Box 498 , Beaver Island , MI 49782 . A one year membership is $15.00; five years for $50.00 and $200.00 for a lifetime.
We welcome new members. Please send us your name and address along with your check. We are organized exclusively for charitable, scientific, and educational purposes. Our aim is to preserve wildlife on Beaver and Garden Islands .
Look for posting in local business establishments for notices of meetings. We meet every six weeks during the summer months and once a month during the remainder of the year. Most of our meetings are on a Thursday evening at the Peaine Twp. Hall. Next meeting October 11,2001 at Peaine Twp. Hall----see you there!


text:
Q: Kernel keeps dying and can't compile code (osmnx) Good evening, I am currently trying to download data from a polygon and I can't compile the code because kernel keeps dying.
Here is the code:
import geopandas as gpd
import pandas as pd
from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon
import networkx as nx
import osmnx as ox
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from descartes import PolygonPatch
from IPython.display import IFrame
ox.config(log_console=True, use_cache=True)

place = 'Portugal'

G = ox.gdf_from_place(place)

exploded_G = G.explode()

exploded_G['area'] = exploded_G.area
exploded_G.sort_values(by='area', inplace=True)

Portugal= exploded_G.iloc[-1]['geometry']

g = ox.graph_from_polygon(polygon = Portugal, network_type = 'drive')

Kernel dies in the last line of code I have shared. I don't know why, I have created a new environment in anaconda and ran the code again and once again kernel died. I have uninstalled and installed anaconda and several packages. And yet my efforts have been unsuccessful.
Thank you in advance for the help.
Best regards.

A: It turns out that it is a RAM problem, plus Jupyter is not the appropriate compiler. Try using PyCharm or spyder or ohter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are projected to rise dramatically by 2050. With China ultimately implementing a carbon tax on the burning of fossil fuels, My objective is to take advantage of the non-combustion energy sources such as wind and sunlight (sources that don't' convert to carbon dioxide).
I propose to design wind channels that begin to mitigate the urban heat island effect (where ambient and actual temperatures are greater in the city than outside of the city).


Emil – die Flasche® Bottle - Action!
Optimal drinking bottle for sports and leisure, for school or kindergarten. Not only looks good, but is also hygienic, sustainable and has no taste. This bottle should not be missing in any backpack.
Due to its oval shape, the bottle is perfect for small children's hands. In addition, it is equipped with a twist-cap and fits great in the side pockets of most school backpacks.
Questions & Answers about Emil – die Flasche® Bottle - Action!


As the Ori invasion continues, Vala and Daniel deal with their leader: Vala's young daughter, rapidly aged by the Ori to serve their purposes.
While Daniel and Vala search for Merlin's Anti-Ori weapon in Atlantis' library, Mitchell, McKay and Carter try to dial the Ori Supergate in the Milky Way.
SG-1, Adria, and Ba'al continue their quest to search for Merlin's weapon. They find Merlin, but being in stasis so long has weakened him, so Merlin passes all of his knowledge to Jackson. Now Jackson must build the weapon before Adira finds them.
Mitchell, Carter and Teal'c arrive on a planet being threatened by the Ori. Carter attempts to use the Ancient Merlin's technology to prevent the Ori from taking over the planet.
During a failed experiment, Samantha is transported into a parallel universe where she cloaks Earth to save it from an Ori Attack. Getting back to her own universe is not met with sympathy.
Col. Mitchell returns to Kansas to attend his high-school reunion with Vala when Stargate Command learns of an attack on SG-1 team members.
SG-1 finds an alien museum on another planet but are mistaken for a bunch of rebels that have taken hostages.
Vala's father Jacek contacts SGC claiming to have vital information that could impact the survival of Earth. Meanwhile, Gen. Landry's ex-wife pays a visit.
General Landry accompanies SG-1 on a mission to collect the knowledge of the Asgard. When the Ori show up however, Sam is forced to evacuate the crew and Landry and SG-1 stay aboard, but are stuck helpless in a time dilation field for decades.


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Girl Defiled by Man Who Claims Right to Resettlement
Posted in Peace and Security by KANERE on May 12, 2009
Volume 1, Issue 4-5 / March-April 2009
The 22-year old man who defiled and impregnated a 15-year old girl claims that he has a right to resettlement with her family as in-law.
On 12 January 2009, a 15-year old girl from the Somali Bajuni community was defiled by a 22-year old man. One month later, she discovered she was pregnant.
In February 2009, her family was scheduled to interview with JVA for their resettlement process to the United States. The man claimed that he should be included in the family's resettlement process as an in-law, because their daughter was pregnant with his child.
The girl's mother is shocked at the man's claim: "It is unbelievable! How can such a thing be done?"
The girl's mother says she is worried because she had not previously informed UNHCR of the man's relation to her daughter, being unaware of the matter. (If inconsistencies in family composition arise between UNHCR and JVA interviews, it demands explanation and can jeopardize a case.)
When the family completed their JVA interview, they reported the defilement to local security and the police. Police attempted to arrest the man suspected of defiling the girl, but found only his uncle at home.
The suspect's uncle was arrested on 2nd March on charges that he had assisted the suspect to escape. The uncle remained in police cells for two days until he informed police of the suspect's location. The suspect was immediately arrested and his uncle released.
When police asked the man for a written statement, he responded, "It's okay to arrest me but I need my child to rescue because this family wants to abort my child just for their resettlement claims."
According to the man, the girl attempted to abort her pregnancy but failed. According to the girl and her family, no abortion was considered or attempted. "It is forbidden and a sin in Islam," says the girl.
The man claims that he was secretly engaged to the girl and demands that the two families discuss and resolve the matter. According to sources, the girl was engaged to the man, but was deceived by his friends who promised her they would inform her mother. (The girl's father was killed in Kakuma Camp by unknown gunmen in January, 2004.)
The man was released after being held for six days by police. According to a statement by the mother of the defiled girl, an agreement had been reached between both parties through negotiations by community elders. It is unclear what the agreed solution was.
When the girl's mother was asked whether she agreed with the solution reached by community elders on the case, she replied, "Even if I agree or not, I'm still a victim. When an egg is slipped from your hand, it has to be broken."
She worries for her daughter's future. "She must have her own problems now—are there any other girls who have such a problem?"
The girls' mother says of her family's opportunity for resettlement, "This is the first miracle while I was eleven years a refugee in Kakuma."
« Refugee Man Attacked by Locals
Man Assaulted by Unknown Attackers »


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Q: how does a browser will pick the client Locale value.? How a browser will get the client machine locale value. I am curious about internal process of how an browser picks up the Operating System locale value of the client machine. (i.e for the Browser/any app that is running on the client OS, which variable value does these apps/browser will fetch and send as the request header info?)

A: Fascinating question.
Firefox has shown how it gets this according to different Operating Systems here : https://dxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-esr45/source/intl/locale/nsLocaleService.cpp?q=nslocaleservice&redirect_type=direct#69
From that I have created a list for you

*

*Windos XP : GetSystemDefaultLCID()

*If QT library is available QLocale::system().name().toUtf8()

*Fallback is C++ getenv("LANG") very raw

*Mac uses this CFLocaleRef cflocale = CFLocaleCopyCurrent(); see here for more info How to get the locale of the current user in OSX using C++
Also, Androids Chromium browser which was built in c++ makes a call to Java.LocaleUtils which uses Java's Locale.getDefault()
std::string GetDefaultLocaleString() {
  JNIEnv* env = base::android::AttachCurrentThread();
  ScopedJavaLocalRef<jstring> locale =
      Java_LocaleUtils_getDefaultLocaleString(env);
  return ConvertJavaStringToUTF8(locale);
}

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html#getDefault()


The False Black Widow Spider is related to the Black Widow, but it is far less dangerous and has less venom. The False Black Widow Spider can be identified by its dark and shiny exterior, and has a whitish line around the front, and sometimes accompanied with a white stripe down its centre.
It is not an aggressive spider, but has been known to bite. The venom can cause illness in children and discomfort in adults. Bites are rare and only occur when the spider is being threatened.
We will identify the type of spider involved. We will recommend the correct procedure to remove the spider from your home or business, and then implement this immediately. We will then offer expert advice to prevent further spider problems.


This bespoke study option has been created for those wishing to pursue a career in Artist Management. Modules in Self Employment, Web and App Design, IP and Publishing and Tour Management make it particularly useful for this career destination. Where you would like to personalise your studies further, our innovative curriculum means that these recommended Elective Modules may be switched for other Elective Modules listed on our website, according to your preferences and aspirations for the future. You will study towards a BA (Hons) in Music Business and Innovation. Other Modules you will study include Artist Management, Marketing Strategies and Connected Communities, and Commercial Contracts and Terms. The programme is awarded by Falmouth University.
Our tripartite commitment to our students' academic, professional and personal development is recognised in our ever-evolving and always progressive curriculum, developed with Falmouth, the UK's number one Arts University. Whether students choose to focus on music performance, songwriting, production or business management, we pride ourselves on delivering an immersive music industry education in which we match the highest quality of teaching and learning with an unparalleled student experience. With our students representing every corner of the field they one day hope to work in, ACM is a microcosm of the music industry in which people really can work together and learn by doing. We're interested in our students' careers as much as their studies, dedicating an entire department to supporting their professional development and helping them take their first steps into the music industry. ACM's Industry Link team is headed up by Martin 'Ace' Kent (of Skunk Anansie fame). Through regular networking events, work placements, performance and audition opportunities, students are able to showcase their knowledge and talent to music industry executives (from labels, publishers, management companies and more) and gain first-hand feedback from those in the know. The department connects students to a network of top-tier industry partners in the music and wider creative industries, and also offers regular tutorial and masterclass opportunities with visiting guests. ACM students also enjoy an access all areas pass to Europe's largest recording complex, in which the likes of Queen, Adele, Amy Winehouse, Will.i.am and countless others have recorded, and some still record, today. This joining of educational and professional environments, where over 50% of the UK Music chart is recorded, mixed or mastered in an average year, has created a unique end-to-end proposition for those wanting to pursue a career in the music and wider creative industries, not to be found anywhere else in music education.
Every applicant will have their suitability assessed by way of an on-site interview. Online interviews may only be offered in exceptional circumstances. Full preparatory materials will be sent to you upon confirmation of your interview. Your interview will be an enjoyable experience so you should not feel at all nervous. The candidates you are applying alongside are just like you and we are most certainly NOT looking for perfection. In fact, we believe that perfection, especially in the arts, is something that you are always on the road towards but will never achieve as your own standards grow with you, so don't set yourself that impossible bar, now. Instead, rest assured that we are looking for those people with passion and potential. We're looking for diamonds in the rough. We're looking for people who are ready to learn. If you're a musician who needs to brush up on your sight reading, that's ok. We'll give you support with that. Or maybe you're a future business exec who gets nervous about presentations? That's ok, too. We'll give you coaching to help make it better. We'll go above and beyond in our efforts to widen participation in every way possible, for as long as you show strength of character and commitment to your studies. Your interview day will also serve as an opportunity to discover and experience all that ACM has to offer. Your access-all-areas pass to our South London campus on the edges of the beautiful Clapham Common (comprising professional practice and recording facilities, a world-class teaching faculty and a dedicated Industry-Link department for professional and career development), gives you plenty to look forward to. If you have any further questions, don't hesitate to reach out to us.


text:
FTC, D-Link Reach Agreement Over Device Security
Taiwan-based networking equipment manufacturer D-Link has agreed to implement a comprehensive security program to settle accusations by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) claiming that the company failed to implement proper security mechanisms in its routers and IP cameras.
The FTC filed a lawsuit against D-Link in January 2017, saying that the company not only failed to secure its products, but also that it made deceptive claims about how secure they are. A few days later, D-Link announced that it had hired government watchdog Cause of Action Institute to help it fight the charges.
The accusations included failure to take reasonable steps to secure the software running on its devices, falsely claiming that it took steps to prevent unauthorized access, and falsely claiming that the devices were secure. Some of the charges were dismissed by a judge in September 2017.
The FTC announced on Tuesday that it reached an agreement with D-Link. The tech firm will have to implement a comprehensive software security program whose goal is to ensure that its IP cameras and routers are secure.
The program includes the implementation of security planning, threat modeling, testing products for security holes before their release, accepting vulnerability reports from external researchers, ongoing monitoring of flaws, and automatic firmware updates.
Additionally, D-Link will have to obtain independent assessments of its security program every two years over the next 10 years. The assessor will be chosen by the vendor, but it will have to be approved by the FTC.
"We sued D-Link over the security of its routers and IP cameras, and these security flaws risked exposing users' most sensitive personal information to prying eyes," said Andrew Smith, director of the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection. "Manufacturers and sellers of connected devices should be aware that the FTC will hold them to account for failures that expose user data to risk of compromise."
Related: Mobile Phone Maker Settles With FTC Over Data Collection
Related: Facebook Anticipates an FTC Privacy Fine of up to $5 Billion
Related: Asus Settles FTC Charges Over Router Security
Cybersecurity-related risk is a top concern, so boards need to know they have the proper oversight in place. Even as first-timers, successful CISOs make...
Galina Antova6 days ago
Industry professionals comment on the recent disruption of the Hive ransomware operation and its hacking by law enforcement.


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Chris Draper
Dr. Chris Draper is the Chief Operating Officer of the Performing Animal Welfare Society (PAWS). He has more than 20 years' extensive and globally unique experience in the fields of animal welfare science, advocacy, and the management of wild animal sanctuaries.
He previously served as Head of Animal Welfare & Captivity at the Born Free Foundation, an international animal welfare and conservation organization, where he was responsible for its captive animal research and advocacy program and its network of animal sanctuaries.
He studied zoology and primatology at University College London and later completed a Doctorate at the University of Bristol focused on the implementation of legislation and assessment of animal welfare in zoos.
Dr. Draper sits on the UK's Government-advisory Zoos Expert Committee, the UK's Wild Animal Welfare Committee, and the Accreditation Committee for the Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries.


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Google recently turned the broadband world on its ear by announcing it's going to set up fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks for a handful of lucky communities that will deliver 1 gigabit per second speeds. Dozens of cities large and small are lining up to apply.
I wanted to get a perspective on what's motivating communities that survived NOFA 1 to endure a different frenzied race for broadband gold. Hunter Goosmann, General Manager of ERC Broadband in Western North Carolina, recently received their Opportunity to Re-Apply letter from NTIA and RUS. ERC's not only going for Google gold, but also a chance at Round 2 funding (sleep must not be a valued commodity in that part of the world).
The level of frustration with NTIA/RUS' refusal to extend the NOFA 2 application deadline has become severe. This is probably going to send some over the edge and away from the stimulus program. The result: the American taxpayer loses. If ever there was a right time for Congress to intervene, now is that time.
USDA is continuing to review broadband applications currently on file and expects to make additional announcements concerning awards throughout the current fiscal year.
One of my contacts e-mailed to ask if this means we won't know who all the winners are on Feb 28. NOFA 2 rules say your grant app will be disqualified if your proposed coverage area includes areas covered by Round 1 winners. Which means you have two weeks to either scramble to adjust your application if there turns out to be duplications, or you face two weeks of sheer hell because you waited around for the Feb 28 finale.
Eliminate many sleepless nights gathering broadband usage data with ID Insight's Broadband Scout.
As everyone scrambles to make one last charge into broadband stimulus history – for better or worse – here's a hopefully helpful post to give you at least a tiny edge in your pursuit of the gold.
I decided to profile stimulus grant winner Tad Deriso, President & CEO of the Mid-Atlantic Broadband Cooperative in Virginia, in part, because his group is the self-proclaimed "square peg in a round hole." MBC is a co-op of private-sector-only companies, they didn't form a public-private partnership, they're a middle mile project not targeted to all the usual suspects and they challenged NTIA/RUS' definition of underserved. Yet they still come out ahead.
Let's see what we can learn from this slightly odd duck in the winner's circle. Many of Tad's comments pertain to the due diligence process, but understanding how they navigated this process offers some insights on where to tighten up your proposal.


One of the UK's leading Indian-origin hoteliers, Surinder Arora, today welcomed Parliament's go-ahead for the expansion of London's Heathrow Airport but also called for an independent process to determine the best project to deliver it.
At a crucial House of Commons vote yesterday, MPs approved controversial plans to build a third runway at the west London airport by 415 votes to 119. While the vote has been welcomed by businesses as a historic decision , environmental groups have concerns over its impact.
The vote to build the runway at Europe's busiest airport came after decades of bitter debate.
Arora, who had unveiled his own plans for the so-called western hub of the airport last month, welcomed the vote as a step in the right direction.
"This stamp of approval from MPs for Heathrow expansion is a vital further step but there now needs to be an independent process to determine who can best deliver each element of the expansion, said the founder and chairman of the Arora Group.
He stressed that his group's plans to deliver the full extra capacity via a Westerly campus deliver significant cost savings and break the current monopoly at the airport, which "overcharges" airlines and passengers.
Costs must be kept down for the expansion to work and Heathrow's track record should be a cause for concern," Arora warned.
The Punjab-born hotelier believes his plans, designed by architects Corgan, offer the best value for money, with an estimated cost for the airport expansion of around 14.4 billion pounds. The competing scheme, from the existing airport company Heathrow Airport Limited, reportedly comes in at around 31 billion pounds.
Arora said: We are passionate about developing a Heathrow that delivers a truly world-leading experience; one that works for airlines; one that offers passengers a top-class journey; and one that has the commercial grounding to be a long-term success for the nation to take pride in. The Arora Group, the largest landowner in the area marked for expansion, had announced its intention to bid for the rights to undertake development of the Heathrow expansion last year. The group is also locked in a battle with Heathrow Airport Limited for the right to build a multi-storey car park at the airport.
The UK government has pledged the airport expansion will be undertaken at no cost to the taxpayer, will create 100,000 jobs and will benefit the entire country through guaranteed internal flights to the rest of the UK. Ministers also insist the project will have built-in environmental protections, with the ability to fine Heathrow or ground aircraft if promises on night flights and other contentious issues are broken.
The issue had earlier led to the resignation of international trade minister Greg Hands, who raised concerns about air quality and night flights on behalf of his constituents in west London who he said would be affected by the expansion. One of the other major opponents of Heathrow's third runway, Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson was away on tour in Afghanistan to avoid a Commons clash over the issue.
The parliamentary vote this week marks the first major step towards the finalisation of plans for the expansion of the UK's major airport hub, which needs the additional runway in order to cope with growing demands of international air travel.


Area code 972 can be found in Texas serving most of the eastern portion of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. Area code 972 was put into effect in 1995 and was created from a split of area code 214. In 1999, area codes 214 and 972 were merged, with area code 972 converted into an overlay; area code 469 was also introduced as an overlay.
Located in North Texas, Dallas is the third most populous city in the state and one of the most populous cities in the United States. Making up one-fifth of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex, Dallas is the most populous city in the metropolitan area. Dallas is the county seat of Dallas County however parts of the city extend into Denton, Collin, Rockwall, and Kaufman counties. The climate in Dallas is characterized by hot, humid summers and mild winters. Tornadoes are the biggest threat to Dallas because it is located at the lower end of Tornado Alley. During the 1980 United States heat wave, Dallas reached an all-time high when the temperature hit 113 °F. Unfortunately Dallas is ranked among the top ten cities in the nation with the highest ozone air pollution; much of the air pollution comes from the three cement plants in the town of Midlothian and exhaust from automobiles.
Dallas has a population of 1,197,816 and the racial makeup of the city is 50.7% White, 42.4% Hispanic, 25.0% African American, and 2.9% Asian (2010 Census). Dallas is not a safe city to reside in due to the high crime rate.
Currently Dallas' economy is doing very well, especially with the residential real estate market booming. There are nine Fortune 500 companies, three major shopping malls, and more than a dozen billionaires located in the city. Major industries in the city include banking, technology, commerce, healthcare, and telecommunications. When it comes to education, Dallas is the educational hub for much of the South Central United States; there are several universities located in the city and in the surrounding area.
The State Fair of Texas has been held in Dallas at Fair Park since 1886. The fair is Dallas' signature event, bringing in over $300 million to the city's economy every year. Packing the Cotton Bowl Stadium full of college football fans each year is the Red River Showdown, a rivalry game between the University of Texas at Austin and The University of Oklahoma. The Dallas Mavericks (NBA) and the Dallas Stars (NHL) are the two major professional sports teams based in the city. When it comes to cuisine, Dallas is famous for barbecue and authentic Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine. Major points of interest in the city include the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, the Dallas Museum of Art, the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, the Perot Museum of Nature and Science, the Dallas World Aquarium, and the Klyde Warren Park.
Grand Prairie is the fifteenth most populous city in Texas and is mostly within Dallas County. Located approximately 14 miles west of Dallas and 20 miles east of Fort Worth, Grand Prairie is part of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. Grand Prairie has a population of 175,396 and the racial makeup of the city is 52.6% White, 42.7% Hispanic, 20.2% African American, and 6.5% Asian (2010 Census). Grand Prairie is a fairly safe city to reside in. The biggest point of interest in the city is Lone Star Park, a horseracing track that offers both thoroughbred and quarter-horse racing. The Verizon Theatre at Grand Prairie is a concert hall that hosts concerts and theatrical performances throughout the year. The majority of retail shopping occurs at Grand Prairie Premium Outlets. When it comes to recreational activities, Joe Pool Lake provides the perfect environment for fishing, boating, swimming, and camping. Joe Pool Lake is considered one of the most popular lakes in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex.


text:
Commissioner for Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2003
Previous: Crossheading
Next: Crossheading
Changes over time for: Cross Heading: Reports
There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Commissioner for Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2003, Cross Heading: Reports.
ReportsS
10Annual reportS
(1)The Commissioner must lay before the Parliament annually a report on the exercise of the Commissioner's functions [F1during the reporting year] .
(2)The report must include—
(a)a review of issues identified by the Commissioner in [F2the reporting year] as being relevant to children and young people;
(b)a review of the Commissioner's activity in [F2the reporting year], including the steps taken to fulfil each of the Commissioner's functions;
(c)any recommendations by the Commissioner arising out of such activity; and
(d)an overview of work to be undertaken by the Commissioner in the year following [F2the reporting year], including the strategy for involving children and young people in the work of the Commissioner.
[F3(3)The report must be laid before the Parliament within 7 months after the end of the reporting year.
(4)In preparing the report, the Commissioner must comply with any direction given by the Parliamentary corporation as to the form and content of the report.
(5)In this section "reporting year" means the year beginning on 1 April.]
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 10(1) inserted (1.4.2011) by Scottish Parliamentary Commissions and Commissioners etc. Act 2010 (asp 11), s. 31(5), sch. 5 para. 3(a) (with s. 31(6), sch. 7)
F2Words in s. 10(2) substituted (1.4.2011) by Scottish Parliamentary Commissions and Commissioners etc. Act 2010 (asp 11), s. 31(5), sch. 5 para. 3(b) (with s. 31(6), sch. 7)
F3S. 10(3)-(5) inserted (1.4.2011) by Scottish Parliamentary Commissions and Commissioners etc. Act 2010 (asp 11), s. 31(5), sch. 5 para. 3(c) (with s. 31(6), sch. 7)
11Reports on investigationsS
(1)The Commissioner must, at the conclusion of any investigation, [F4prepare] a report of the investigation.
(2)The report must contain any recommendations by the Commissioner arising out of the investigation.
[F5(2A)In relation to any such recommendation, the report may include a requirement to respond.
(2B)A requirement to respond is a requirement that the service provider provides, within such period as the Commissioner reasonably requires, a statement in writing to the Commissioner setting out—
(a)what the service provider has done or proposes to do in response to the recommendation; or
(b)if the service provider does not intend to do anything in response to the recommendation, the reasons for that.]
(3)A report of an investigation into the activities of a person named in, or identifiable from, the report may be [F6finalised] only if that person has, where this is reasonable and practicable, been given a copy of the draft report and an opportunity to make representations on it.
[F7(4)The Commissioner must lay before the Parliament the report of a general investigation.
(5)The Commissioner may lay before the Parliament the report of an individual investigation.]
[F8(6)Where a report of an investigation includes a requirement to respond, the Commissioner must give a copy of the report to the service provider.]
F4Word in s. 11(1) substituted (7.8.2017) by Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 8), ss. 5(4)(a), 102(3); S.S.I. 2016/254, art. 3(4) (with art. 4)
F5S. 11(2A)(2B) inserted (7.8.2017) by Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 8), ss. 6(2)(a), 102(3); S.S.I. 2016/254, art. 3(4)
F6Word in s. 11(3) substituted (7.8.2017) by Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 8), ss. 5(4)(b), 102(3); S.S.I. 2016/254, art. 3(4) (with art. 4)
F7S. 11(4)(5) added (7.8.2017) by Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 8), ss. 5(4)(c), 102(3); S.S.I. 2016/254, art. 3(4) (with art. 4)
F8S. 11(6) added (7.8.2017) by Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 8), ss. 6(2)(b), 102(3); S.S.I. 2016/254, art. 3(4)
12Other reports to ParliamentS
The Commissioner may lay before the Parliament such other reports on the exercise of the Commissioner's functions as the Commissioner considers necessary or appropriate.
13Anonymity for children and young peopleS
The Commissioner must ensure that, so far as reasonable and practicable having regard to the subject matter, a report under this Act does not name or identify any child or young person, or group of children or young people, referred to in it.
14PublicationS
(1)The Commissioner must publish any report laid before the Parliament under this Act.
(2)The Commissioner may publish any other report relating to the exercise of the Commissioner's functions.
(3)Where the Commissioner publishes a report which is not specifically designed for children or young people the Commissioner must also publish a child friendly version of the report.
[F914AAPublication of responses to recommendations of investigationsS
(1)The Commissioner must publish any statement provided in response to a requirement to respond to a recommendation arising out of a general investigation.
(2)Subsection (1) does not apply if, or to the extent that, the Commissioner considers publication to be inappropriate.
(3)The Commissioner may publish any statement provided in response to a requirement to respond to a recommendation arising out of an individual investigation.
(4)The Commissioner must ensure that, so far as reasonable and practicable having regard to the subject matter, the version of the statement which is published under subsection (1) or (3) does not name or identify any child or young person, or group of children or young people, referred to in it.
(5)The Commissioner may, in such manner as the Commissioner considers appropriate, publicise a failure to comply with a requirement to respond.]
F9S. 14AA inserted (7.8.2017) by Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 8), ss. 6(3), 102(3); S.S.I. 2016/254, art. 3(4)
[F1014AStrategic plansS
(1)The Commissioner must, in respect of each 4 year period, lay before the Parliament a plan (referred to in this section as a "strategic plan") setting out how the Commissioner proposes to perform the Commissioner's functions during the 4 year period.
(2)A strategic plan must, in particular, set out—
(a)the Commissioner's objectives and priorities during the 4 year period,
(b)how the Commissioner proposes to achieve them,
(c)a timetable for doing so, and
(d)estimates of the costs of doing so.
(3)Before laying a strategic plan before the Parliament, the Commissioner must provide a draft of it to and invite, and (if any are given) consider, comments on it from—
(a)the Parliamentary corporation, and
(b)such other persons as the Commissioner thinks appropriate.
(4)The reference in subsection (3)(b) to other persons includes a committee of the Parliament.
(5)The Commissioner must lay each strategic plan before the Parliament not later than the beginning of the 4 year period to which the plan relates.
(6)The Commissioner must arrange for the publication of each strategic plan laid before the Parliament.
(7)The Commissioner may, at any time during a 4 year period, review the strategic plan for the period and lay a revised strategic plan before the Parliament.
(8)Subsections (2) to (7) apply to a revised strategic plan as they apply to a strategic plan.
(9)In that application, the reference in subsection (5) to the 4 year period is a reference to the period to which the revised strategic plan relates.
(10)In this section, "4 year period" means the period of 4 years beginning on 1 April next following the coming into force of this section and each subsequent period of 4 years.]
F10S. 14A inserted (1.4.2011) by Scottish Parliamentary Commissions and Commissioners etc. Act 2010 (asp 11), s. 31(5), sch. 5 para. 4 (with s. 31(6), sch. 7)
PrintThis Cross Heading only
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text:
The Commercial Diver's Handbook: Surface-Supplied Diving, Decompression, and Chamber Operations Field Guide, 2nd Edition
Author: Hal Lomax
Publication date 19 October 2020
Edition Second
For several generations, the U.S. Navy Diving Manual has been considered the Bible of both military and commercial diving, regardless of where in the world these operations were performed. In the past, the U.S. Navy Diver's Handbook was the go-to source for military and commercial divers when they were in the field and did not wish to carry the complete manual with them. The last official printing of the handbook was in 1994, and after that time there was a desperate requirement for a handbook for the commercial diver.
Originally published in 2013, The Commercial Diver's Handbook filled that requirement and more. It presented the three most commonly used air decompression tables worldwide, along with mixed gas tables, treatment tables, up-to-date diving medicine, a section on chamber operations, and a section on nitrox operations. Technical editing was performed by CP01 Charles Trombley, Canadian Navy. He was formerly with Canada's Experimental Diving Unit and later retired as Chief Diver, Fleet Diving Unit, Atlantic.
This second edition of The Commercial Diver's Handbook has a few changes worth noting. First and foremost is the update of the U.S. Navy Diving Tables from Rev. 6 to 7. Secondly, the size of the book has increased slightly and there is larger print. The decompression tables are now in color for ease of use. As for the chamber medical kits, the handbook now specifies DMAC 15, Revision 4, and the appropriate lists are provided. In addition, the reader will notice other small changes made to keep information current in almost every section, from diving medicine through emergency medical care.
As with the previous edition, this handbook will again prove to be a valuable tool in every commercial diver and supervisor's possession, no matter where in the world they are working.
NOTE FROM AUTHOR
Men have strived to work underwater for as long as they have worked on the water. Ports in the Roman Empire employed divers to retrieve cargo lost overboard over two thousand years ago. The Greeks had sponge divers, the Japanese and Arabs had pearl divers, but all of the early divers had one common problem—their bottom time was limited to one breath. In the early 1800s, the Deane brothers and Augustus Siebe created helmets that allowed the diver to breathe air from the surface, and they ushered in a new era of working underwater. Since the mid 1930s, deep diving has been performed using mixed gas, and since it was first used in 1965, saturation diving has become very common. The advances in both technique and equipment within the past 50 years alone are truly remarkable.
One would think an industry able to trace its roots back that far would be developed to a point that an accident would be a rare thing and a fatality would be unheard of. Unfortunately, that is far from the case. Too many accidents occur in this industry that should not happen. Every year there are divers killed for lack of a bailout, killed because machinery is not locked out, killed by differential pressure, killed by improper rigging, and killed while burning unvented tanks. The list continues. Every one of these accidents has one thing in common: they have happened before and should not happen again. We are not learning by our mistakes.
Every diver has must realize that if you can "flange up" a spool piece or install hydra-tights quicker than anyone else on the crew, it will not matter to your family when they are burying you. Life does not have instant replay. If the job you are on is not being run safely, speak up or walk away. It is better to be unemployed and alive than to be a dead "yes man." Working safely does not cost—it pays.
It is my sincere wish that every diver using this handbook will make a conscious decision to operate safely, to refuse to work in unsafe conditions, and that every last one will enjoy a long retirement. Too many never had the chance. Visit the Divers Association International page, or the Stop Commercial Diver Deaths page on Facebook, the Divers Association section of the forums at www.longstreath,com. Ask your questions or have your say. Together our voices will be heard.
Hal Lomax came from a family of commercial fishermen and had a love for the sea since he was a small boy. He decided on his career at age 5, when his great-uncle, a long-time diver, set a Morse copper helmet over his head. By the age of 10, he was on the fishing boats on weekends with his uncles and grandfather. Before the age of 16, he worked deep sea on the salvage tugs. In the mid-1970s, he worked as a diver, training on the job under ex-military divers as there were no schools yet established in Canada.
He went on to work for many different outfits over the years: on inland hydro dams and power plants, coastal construction and demolition projects, and on offshore salvage, construction, and oil field work. He ran his own diving business for a couple of decades and operated his own school for a time, where he wrote all of the course material and texts. In 2006, Hal went back to work offshore as a free-lance supervisor. He is a founding member of the Divers Association International and currently sits on the board of directors as board member for Canada. Since he hung up his helmet at the end of 2007, Hal works in various locations around the world as a diving superintendent and supervisor.
Hal has written several articles for Underwater Magazine and is the author of the Commercial Diver Training Manual, 6th Edition, also published by Best Publishing Company.


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Indonesian airlines rank lowest in world for safety
Updated January 6, 2016 — 7.52pm first published at 4.44pm
The world's safest airline three years running: Qantas
Jakarta: Indonesia's accident-plagued aviation industry has more airlines with the lowest safety ranking than any other country in the world according to an annual survey.
The plane safety rating website AirlineRatings.com surveyed 407 of the world's major airlines, giving each a safety score out of seven.
Wreckage of part of the ill-fated AirAsia Flight 8501 that crashed in the Java Sea in December 2014. Credit:AP
Of the 10 airlines that scored just one point or less, all but one was from Indonesia. Qantas was ranked the world's safest airline for the third year in a row.
The rating system takes into account factors including audits from aviation's governing bodies and lead associations as well as government audits and the airline's fatality record.
A rescue team member stands near bodies of the victims of the crashed Trigana Air plane, at the crash site near Oksibil, Bintang Mountains district, Papua province, Indonesia, in August.
There were multiple plane crashes in Indonesia in 2015, several involving loss of life. In December the previous year, 162 people were killed when an Indonesia AirAsia plane en route to Singapore ditched into the Java sea.
"Australians need to exercise extreme caution when travelling to and around Indonesia and ensure they choose an airline that meets world standards," says AirlineRatings.com editor Geoffrey Thomas.
"Aviation is critical to the economic development of Indonesia yet the government appears unwilling or incapable of meeting its international obligations by upgrading its oversight of its airline industry," he said.
"Also many Indonesian airports don't meet international standards while navigation aids in some locations don't work or are sub optimal."
Family members of passengers on a military plane that crashed onto a residential area weep at a hospital in Medan, North Sumatra, in June, 2015. Credit:AP
Indonesian ministry of transport spokesman J. A. Barata questioned the validity of the research and rankings. He said Merpati Airlines was listed by AirlineRatings when it had not been operating for some time. Merpati Airlines, which had a "rating pending" status on the website, suspended flights in February 2014 due to falling revenue according to the Jakarta Globe.
Mr Barata also said Malaysia Airlines received quite a high safety ranking (five out of seven) despite a couple of major accidents.
A man had to be restrained and removed from a Qantas flight from Perth to Sydney on Sunday after be became aggressive.
Most of Indonesia's airlines are banned from flying within the European Union. Garuda Indonesia, which has passed many tough operational audits and was given a safety rating of three by AirlineRatings, is a notable exception to the EU ban.
The Civil Aviation Safety Authority has also certified Garuda Indonesia and AirAsia to operate flights between Australia and Indonesia, according to the Australian government website smarttraveller.gov.au
However the website says Australian officials in Indonesia have been directed not to use airline Susi Air for official travel after fatal crashes in 2011 and 2012.
Susi Air is not one of the carriers ranked by AirlineRatings.com and the safety rating for Indonesia AirAsia is pending.
The Australian government website also says the United States Federal Aviation Administration has determined that Indonesia's Directorate General of Civil Aviation is not in compliance with international safety standards for the oversight of Indonesia's air carrier operations.
Last year a Twin Otter from the small regional airline Aviastar crashed in Sulawesi in October, killing all 10 on board.
In August a plane operated by Trigana Air Service – which received a 0 in the AirlineRatings safety score – crashed in remote Papua with 54 fatalities.
A Hercules aircraft belonging to the Indonesian Air Force crashed in Medan in June, killing more than 100 passengers on board and more than 20 people on the ground.
Indonesia's biggest budget carrier Lion Air has also been in the news after police announced on Monday that four employees had been arrested on suspicion of stealing from passengers' luggage in the hull.
And in November a Lion Air pilot was reportedly grounded for allegedly offering a female, divorced flight attendant to passengers to make up for the delay.
The airlines awarded the lowest safety rating by Airlineratings.com
Trigana Air Service – Indonesia
Batik Air – Indonesia
Citilink – Indonesia
Kalstar Aviation – Indonesia
Lion Air – Indonesia
Sriwijaya Air – Indonesia
Tara Air – Nepal
TransNusa Air Services – Indonesia
Wings Air – Indonesia
Xpress Air – Indonesia
Twenty Safest Airlines for 2016
Cathay Pacific Airways
Scandinavian Airline System
Swiss,
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Jewel Topsfield is Melbourne Editor of The Age.
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« Auctioning Schiap | Main | Design Ideas for the Future: Spotlight on Horatio Yuxin Han »
Vivienne Westwood X The Vienna State Ballet
It may be difficult to guess where fashion will go in 2014, but there is one trend that emerged in the last two years and that is set to become a recurring obsession - designing costumes for the stage and in particular for ballet companies.
The list of fashion designers who contributed to ballets is long and includes Coco Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, Christian Lacroix, Gianni Versace and Jean Paul Gaultier, just to mention a few ones. More recent collaborations include Valentino, Riccardo Tisci, but also an entirely new generation of younger designers such as Iris van Herpen and Laura Theiss. Come next year we will probably see also more attempts at merging New York Fashion Week with the Fall season of the New York City Ballet.
In the meantime, fans of the fashion and ballet connection will be able to watch on TV the latest fashion designer and ballet collaboration - Vivienne Westwood designing and curating costumes for the Vienna State Ballet.
Dancers will be wearing her costumes during the intermission of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra's New Year's Day Concert on Wednesday. Being the largest event in classical music broadcast every year through radio and television in over 80 countries, the concert has millions of fans all over the world (my perfect childhood memory consists in having a big New Year's Day family lunch while watching the concert and being completely mesmerised by the dancers...).
The inspirations behind the costumes combine two elements: Westwood's trademark designs (from her Autumn-Winter 1988/89 collection to her Spring/Summer 2014 collection), and the historical Palais Liechtenstein, setting to the ballet.
Dancer Kathrin Menzinger will wear a customised version of the silk taffeta "Moon" dress that originally appeared in Westwood's S/S 2014 Gold Label show. The dress will match the renovated Baroque and Rococo interiors of the Palais Liechtenstein, situated in the heart of Vienna.
Menzinger's partner will wear a black double-breasted jacket and black silk pants; further designs include a deep burgundy asymmetrical "Bird Of Paradise" gown with bow and tulle underlay; the "Classic Bird of Paradise" dress, that is a buttercup yellow gown inspired by the looks in Westwood's Spring/Summer 2005 collection ("Ultra Femininity"); the "Bronze SOL" dress with a check and stripe light teal taffeta bodice and skirt with a pale grey and white tulle underlay inspired by the Autumn- Winter 2005-2006 collection ("Propaganda") and worn with cream satin slippers; the "Paperbag Frill" dress with layers of fine cream lace matched with long lace gloves and soft peach satin slippers, and the "Dame Corset" gown inspired by the Autumn/Winter 2006-2007 collection ("Innocent") with a multiple layered ballroom skirt in gold and pale bronze lace and tulle.
Rather than punk, the looks will focus more on romance with some Robert Burns thrown in. Female dancers performing a rendition of the polka will indeed wear tartan mini-kilts and bustiers, a traditional cotton blouse with bow tie and white thigh-high socks and garters, while the costume of the male dancers will include a tartan kilt and dancing jacket with a traditional Scottish waistcoat, shirt and sporran. These won't be the only Scottish notes in the ballet: in charge of the choreography, as last year, is Ashley Page, former Scottish Ballet Artistic Director.
Ballet has been a lot on Westwood's mind this year: in January 2013 she was called to rebrand the English National Ballet with a new campaign showing the ballet dancers wearing her designs.
Yet Vivienne Westwood's creations are just one of the concert highlights. The Vienna Philharmonic's traditional New Year's Concert is indeed a long-standing tradition, first broadcast on television in 1959 to send the world a New Year's greeting in the spirit of hope, friendship and peace. This year stage and screen legend Julie Andrews will host the concert that will be directed by acclaimed conductor Daniel Barenboim who already led the event in 2009.
Image credits for this post:
Images 1 - 4: Photo by ORF/Günther Pichlkostner
Simon Ekrelius' Architectural Thanksgiving/Christmas Giveaway x Irenebrination Readers
Shira Paz Christmas/New Year's Eve Giveaway X Irenebrination Readers
Real Garments, Illusionary Patterns: The Lenticular Dress by Antoine Peters
Sparkling Steps: George Balanchine's Jewels @ The Royal Opera House, London
Book Alert: A Queen Within - Adorned Archetypes, Fashion and Chess (Exhibition Catalogue)
Surprise Christmas/New Year's Card from a Historical Tailoring House


Home » Boram » Pictures » T-Ara » T-ara's Boram posed for a set of beautiful pictures!
T-ara's Boram posed for a set of beautiful pictures!
T-ara's Boram was out to enjoy some free time and she's here to share the beautiful and adorable photos which she took.


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Lessons There's not that much to it, really.
"There's not that much to it, really."
You know how to juggle. Now you're showing your nephew how to do it. You tell him that it's not as hard as it seems.
not that much
"Not that much ___" means "not very much" or "not as much as expected". For example:
Do you want the rest? There's not that much left.
A: How much is it?
B: It's not that much. Just 25 bucks.
Use "not that much" in spoken English.
There's not much to it.
"There's not much to it" means that something is simple and easy. You can use this phrase when you're explaining how something works:
You just flip that switch and wait. There's not much to it.
(sentence), really.
When you end a sentence with "really", it sounds like you're being extra-honest. You're sharing an opinion that's a bit of a secret between you and the speaker.
It's not that big of a city, really.
I'd prefer to stay home, really. But my husband loves to go out to eat, so I go with him.
teaching something
"At my work, they block a lot of sites that don't have a clear business purpose."
"So then he whips out his phone and he's like, "Yo, let me get your number.""


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package org.apache.kylin.storage.hbase.coprocessor.endpoint;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.RegionScanner;
import org.apache.kylin.common.util.Pair;

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by honma on 11/10/14.
 */
public class HbaseServerKVIterator implements Iterable<Pair<ImmutableBytesWritable, ImmutableBytesWritable>>, Closeable {

    private RegionScanner innerScaner;

    List<Cell> results = new ArrayList<Cell>();

    public HbaseServerKVIterator(RegionScanner innerScaner) {
        this.innerScaner = innerScaner;
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        IOUtils.closeQuietly(this.innerScaner);
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<Pair<ImmutableBytesWritable, ImmutableBytesWritable>> iterator() {
        return new Iterator<Pair<ImmutableBytesWritable, ImmutableBytesWritable>>() {

            ImmutableBytesWritable key = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
            ImmutableBytesWritable value = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
            Pair<ImmutableBytesWritable, ImmutableBytesWritable> pair = new Pair<>(key, value);

            private boolean hasMore = true;

            @Override
            public boolean hasNext() {
                return hasMore;
            }

            @Override
            public Pair<ImmutableBytesWritable, ImmutableBytesWritable> next() {
                if (hasNext()) {
                    try {
                        hasMore = innerScaner.nextRaw(results);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }

                    if (results.size() < 1)
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Hbase row contains less than 1 cell");

                    Cell c = results.get(0);
                    key.set(c.getRowArray(), c.getRowOffset(), c.getRowLength());
                    value.set(c.getValueArray(), c.getValueOffset(), c.getValueLength());

                    results.clear();
                    return pair;
                } else {
                    return null;
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void remove() {
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
            }
        };
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Harry's new memoir attracts anger and protests in Afghanistan
KABUL, Afghanistan — Protesters in southern Afghanistan on Sunday gathered following Prince Harry's declare in his new memoir that he killed 25 folks he described as Taliban fighters whereas posted with British forces within the nation.
Round 20 college and college students demonstrated at a neighborhood college in Helmand, the province the place British forces had been largely concentrated throughout the NATO and U.S.-led coalition operations in Afghanistan.
"We condemn his (Prince Harry's) action which is against all norms of humanity," one demonstrator stated. Others carried posters displaying Harry's portrait with a purple 'x' throughout it.
Sayed Ahmad Sayed, a instructor on the college, condemned Harry for his function in UK army operations in Afghanistan.
"The cruelties which have been committed by Prince Harry, his friends or by anyone else in Helmand or anywhere in Afghanistan is unacceptable, cruel. These acts will be remembered by history," Sayed stated on the protest.
NATO and U.S. troops withdrew in August, 2021 from the nation after 20 years of warfare there and working air operations in assist of the Western-backed Afghan authorities's struggle in opposition to a Taliban insurgency. Their withdrawal set the stage for the Taliban's speedy return to energy that month.
In his memoir, "Spare," Harry says he killed greater than two dozen Taliban militants whereas serving as an Apache helicopter copilot gunner in Afghanistan in 2012-2013. He writes that he feels neither satisfaction nor disgrace about his actions, and within the warmth of battle regarded enemy combatants as items being faraway from a chessboard, "Baddies eliminated before they could kill Goodies," the prince writes.
Harry's determination to place a quantity on these he killed, and the ebook's comparability of these to chess items, drew outrage from Taliban officers, and concern from British veterans.
"We ask the international community to put this person (Prince Harry) on trial, and we should get compensation for our losses," stated Mullah Abdullah, who misplaced 4 members of the family in what he described as a U.Okay. airstrike in 2011 that hit his household residence within the Nahr-e-Saraj space of Helmand.
"We lost our house, life, and family members. We lost our livelihood and also our loved ones," stated Abdullah, whereas visiting the graves of the members of the family he misplaced within the strike.
The media director for the Taliban governor of Helmand, Mawlavi Mohammad Qasim, stated Harry's claims in his memoirs "exposed the real face of the Western world."
"It is a clear indication of their cruel and horrific actions," he stated.
Prince Harry: William bashed Meghan, bodily attacked me
Mike Leach's affect extends deeply into CFP title sport


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Archaeological discovery enormous foot-shaped enclosures in Jordan
The 'foot' structures that we found in the Jordan valley are the first sites that the People of Israel built upon entering Canaan and they testify to the biblical concept of ownership of the land with the foot
Home Archaeology Archaeological discovery enormous foot-shaped enclosures in Jordan
Giant foot-shaped enclosures
"The 'foot' structures that we found in the Jordan valley are the first sites that the People of Israel built upon entering Canaan and they testify to the biblical concept of ownership of the land with the foot," said archaeologist Prof. Adam Zertal of the University of Haifa, who headed the excavating team that exposed five compounds in the shape of an enormous "foot", that it were likely to have been used at that time to mark ownership of territory.
On the eve of the Passover holiday, researchers from the University of Haifa reveal an exceptional and exciting archaeological discovery that dates back to the time of the People of Israel's settlement in the country: For the first time, enclosed sites identified with the biblical sites termed in Hebrew "gilgal", which were used for assemblies, preparation for battle, and rituals, have been revealed in the Jordan valley. The researchers, headed by Prof. Adam Zertal, exposed five such structures, each in the shape of an enormous "foot", which they suppose functioned during that period to mark ownership on the territory. "I am an archaeologist and only deal with the scientific findings, so I do not go into the additional meanings of the discovery, if there are any," Prof. Zertal said.
The Hebrew word "gilgal" (a camp or stone-structure), is mentioned thirty-nine times in the Bible. The stone enclosures were located in the Jordan valley and the hill country west of it. To this day, no archaeological site has been proposed to be identified with the gilgal. Between the years 1990 and 2008, during the Manasseh Hill-Country Survey that covers Samaria and the Jordan Valley, five such enclosures were found and excavated, all designed in the shape of a human foot. All of these sites were established at the outset of the Iron Age I (the 13th-12th centuries BCE). Based on their size and shape, it is clear that they were used for human assembly and not for animals.
Two of the sites (in Bedhat esh-Sha'ab and Yafit 3) were excavated in the years 2002-2005, under the directorship of Dr. Ben-Yosef and the guidance of Adam Zertal. The findings, mostly of clay vessels and animal bones, date their foundation to the end of the 13th century BCE, and one of them endured up to the 9th or 8th century BCE without architectonic adjustment.
In at least two cases, paved circuits, some two meters wide, were found around the structures. These were probably used to encircle the sites in a ceremony. "Ceremonial encirclement of an area in procession is an important element in the ancient Near East," Prof. Zertal says, adding that the origins of the Hebrew term "hag" (festival) in Semitic languages is from the verb "hug", which means "encircle". Thus, this discovery can also shed new light on the religious processions and the meaning of the Hebrew word for festival, "hag".
Close up of foot-shaped enclosure
Prof. Zertal emphasized that the "foot" held much significance as a symbol of ownership of territory, control over an enemy, connection between people and land, and presence of the Deity. Some of these concepts are mentioned in ancient Egyptian literature. The Bible also has a wealth of references to the importance of the "foot" as a symbol: of ownership over Canaan, the bond between the People of Israel and their land, the link between the People and God's promise to inherit the land, defeating the enemy 'underfoot', and the Temple imaged as a foot.
"The discovery of these 'foot' structures opens an entirely new system of linguistic and historical perceptions," Prof. Zertal emphasizes. He explains that the meaning of the biblical Hebrew word for "foot" – "regel" – is also a "festival", "holiday", and ascending to see the face of God. As such, the source of the Hebrew term "aliya la-regel", literally translated as "ascending to the foot" (and now known in English as a pilgrimage), is attributed to the "foot" sites in the Jordan valley. "Now, following these discoveries, the meanings of the terms become clear. Identifying the 'foot' enclosures as ancient Israeli ceremonial sites leads us to a series of new possibilities to explain the beginnings of Israel, of the People of Israel's festivals and holidays," he stated.
According to Prof. Zertal, the "foot" constructions were used for ceremonial assemblies during Iron Age I (and probably after). When the religious center was moved to Jerusalem and settled there, the command of "aliya la-regel" (pilgrimage) became associated with Jerusalem. The source of the term, however, is in the sites that have now been discovered in the Jordan valley and the Altar on Mt. Ebal. "The biblical text testifies to the antiquity of these compounds in Israel's ceremonials, and the 'foot' structures were built by an organized community that had a central leadership," Prof. Zertal stated. He stressed that there is a direct connection between the biblical ideology, which identifies ownership over the new land with the foot and hence with the shape of the constructions.
Source: University of Haifa.


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Here Is YOUR Winner of Selectia Nationala 2020!
AndorraEurovision 2020News
By Nikola Stojanović	 Last updated Mar 1, 2020
Selectia Nationala 2020 will kick off tonight Buzău and Roxen will perform the five songs which were pre-released. The decision of the song which will represent Romania at Eurovision 2020 will be made by a national jury and the public. The jury is consisting of Luminița Anghel, Crina Mardare, Alin Oprea, Edward Sanda and Andrei Tudor will award a set of points from 5-0, which was based on each member's individual set of votes from 5-0. The televoting would be rendered down using the same scores. Tonight's show will as interval acts include Loreen (Sweden 2012) and this year's participants at Eurovision Ulrikke Brandstrop (Norway) and Sandro Nicolas (Cyprus). The draw of entries which Roxen will perform is as follows:
Beautiful Disaster,
Cherry Red,
Colors,
Alcohol you,
During previous weeks we asked you to vote for your favourites of Selectia Nationala 2020 and here are the results:
Alcohol You 41.99%
Cherry Red 32.7%
Beautiful Disaster 10.56%
Storm 8.11%
Colors 6.64%
The entry which you'd like to see as Romanian representative at Eurovision 2020 is "Alcohol You" which received 41.99% of your votes, followed by "Cherry Red" with 32.7% of the votes, the other three acts haven't received a lot of the votes with barely managing to get over 10% it is "Beautiful Disaster" at third place. While the two entries which completely haven't amazed you are Storm with 8.11% and Colors with 6.64%
Our editors have also listened to all of the songs and voted. These were the overall results of their votes:
Our editors have agreed with the votes of the audience at our poll as they also have "Alcohol You" as the favourite for the win while "Cherry Red" is close second, third place went to "Beautiful Disaster" while the only difference is that they placed "Colors" as their fourth and "Storm" as the last place of tonight's show.
You still have time to cast your votes for your favourite entry of the night, as our poll is going to remain open until the end of tonight's final of Selectia Nationala 2020. Vote below:
Don't forget to tune in at our live blog of "Selectia Nationala 2020".
Nikola Stojanović 335 posts 0 comments
Serbian guy with Nordic soul and Japanese heart enrolled in Scandinavian studies. I like languages, flags, anime, coins, travelling, exploring foreign cultures art and Eurovision. First ESC related memory I have is watching the performance of Doris Dragović with Marija Magdalena back in 1999 when I was just 5. I started to watch Eurovision from the year 2003 and never missed a show since.
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