text:
\section{}

SU(3) symmetry and the conjecture that mesons and baryons are
composed of constituent quarks \cite{GellMann:1964nj,Zweig:1964jf}
paved the path to an understanding of the particle zoo.  A
constituent light-quark mass of about 350~MeV was required to
reproduce the masses of ground-state baryons; the
$N$--$\Delta(1232)$ mass splitting and the pattern of negative- and
positive-parity excited baryons was interpreted as an effect of a
QCD hyperfine interaction between these constituent quarks
\cite{Isgur:1977ef,Isgur:1978xj}. However, low-energy approximations
of QCD \cite{Weinberg:1978kz} lead to the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner
relation \cite{GellMann:1968rz} which assigns a mass of a few MeV to
light (current) quarks. The mass gap between current and constituent
quarks is interpreted by spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry
expected for nearly massless quarks
\cite{Nambu:1960tm,Goldstone:1961eq}. An important consequence is
the large mass gap between chiral partners: the masses of the $\rho(770)$ meson
with spin-parity $J^P=1^-$ and its chiral partner
$a_1(1260)$ with $J^P=1^+$ differ by about
500\,MeV, those of the $J^P=1/2^+$
nucleon and its negative-parity partner $N_{1/2^-}(1535)$ by about 600~MeV.

In spite of these large mass shifts between low-mass parity partners, mesons and baryons
at higher masses are often observed in parity doublets, in pairs of resonances having the same total spin $J$, opposite parities, and about the same mass. There are, e.g., four positive-parity and four negative-parity $\Delta^*$ resonances at about 1900~MeV:\\[-3ex]
\begin{center}
{\small
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
$\Delta(1910)1/2^+$ \hspace{-3mm}&\hspace{-3mm} $\Delta(1920)3/2^+$ \hspace{-3mm}&\hspace{-3mm} $\Delta(1905)5/2^+$ \hspace{-3mm}&\hspace{-3mm} \boldmath$\Delta(1950)7/2^+$\phantom{.}\\
$\Delta(1900)1/2^-$ \hspace{-3mm}&\hspace{-3mm} $\Delta(1940)3/2^-$ \hspace{-3mm}&\hspace{-3mm} $\Delta(1930)5/2^-$ \hspace{-3mm}&\hspace{-3mm} \boldmath$\Delta(2200)7/2^-$\,.
\end{tabular}\vspace{-1mm}}
 \end{center}

The resonances with $J^P=1/2^\pm, 3/2^\pm, 5/2^\pm$ are nearly {\it mass-degenerate}, in particular when their natural widths of a few hundred MeV are considered. This example and similar observations in mesons and baryons have led to the conjecture that chiral symmetry might be effectively restored in highly excited hadrons \cite{Glozman:1999tk,Glozman:2003bt} and has stimulated a vivid discussion; we quote here a few recent reviews \cite{Jaffe:2004ph,Glozman:2007ek,Afonin:2007mj,Shifman:2007xn}. Based on the hypothesis of chiral-symmetry restoration, the parity partner of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ with spin-parity $7/2^-$ should also have a mass of about 1900 or 1950\,MeV while quark models \cite{Loring:2001kx} and AdS/QCD \cite{Forkel:2008un} predict $\approx$2200\,MeV. The Review of Particle Properties lists the one-star $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ resonance and thus disfavors models assuming that chiral symmetry could be restored in high-mass baryons. But clearly, a resonance for which the evidence for its existence is estimated to be poor (the definition of the one-star rating) cannot decide on this important issue. It is essential to refute or confirm the existence of this state.

The 250-MeV mass splitting between $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ -- unexpected when chiral symmetry is effectively restored in highly excited hadrons -- points to a more general
concern: resonances falling onto a leading Regge trajectory (with $J=L+S$, $L$ intrinsic orbital angular momentum, $S$ total quark spin) have no mass-degenerate parity partner. We mention $f_2(1270)$, $f_4(2050)$, $f_6(2510)$, and $\Delta(1232)$, $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$, $\Delta(2420)11/2^+$. In \cite{Glozman:2010rp} it is argued that formation of the spin-parity partners of mesons on the leading Regge trajectory could be suppressed by orbital angular momentum barrier factors. We give two examples: in $\bar pp$ formation of $f_4(2050)$, $L=3$ is required; formation of its (unobserved or non-existing) mass-degenerate parity partner $\eta_4$ requires $L=4$. Likewise, $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ requires $L=3$ in $\pi N$ scattering, and its $7/2^-$ parity partner $L=4$. Their non-observation could be assigned to their suppression by the angular-momentum barrier. This is different in photoproduction: a $7/2^+$ resonance needs an amplitude with $L=3$ between photon and nucleon, a $7/2^-$ resonance an amplitude with $L=2$. Photoproduction hence provides the best and possibly the only chance to find a decisive support or an experimental argument against the hypothesized restoration of chiral symmetry.

In this letter we report on a partial-wave analysis of the data on $\gamma p\to n\pi^+$ and $\gamma p\to p\pi^0$ covering differential cross sections $d\sigma/d\Omega$ \cite{vanPee:2007tw,Dugger:2007bt,Dugger:2009pn,Crede:2011dc}, the beam asymmetry $\Sigma$
\cite{Sparks:2010vb,Dugger:2013crn}, and the double-polarization observables
$T$, $P$, $H$ \cite{Hartmann:2014mya,Hartmann:2015kpa}, $G$ \cite{Thiel:2012yj,Thiel:2016chx},
and $E$ from the CLAS \cite{Strauch:2015zob} and CBELSA/TAPS \cite{Gottschall:2013uha} experiments. $\Sigma$, $T$, $P$, $H$ can be measured simultaneously when a transversely polarized target (with polarization $p_{T}$)
and a linearly polarized photon beam (with polarization $p_{\gamma}$) are used:
\begin{align}
\frac{N(\phi)}{N_{0}} = 1 &- p_{\gamma}\Sigma_{\rm eff}\cos(2\phi) + p_{T} T \sin(\phi-\alpha) \nonumber \\[-1.5ex]
& - p_{T}\,p_{\gamma} P\cos(2\phi)\sin(\phi-\alpha) \nonumber \\
& + p_{T}\,p_{\gamma} H\sin(2\phi)\cos(\phi-\alpha),
\end{align}
where $\phi$ is the azimuthal angle between the photon polarization plane and the scattering plane,
and $\alpha$ is the azimuthal angle between the target polarization vector and the photon polarization plane.
$G$ can be deduced from the correlation between the photon polarization plane and the scattering plane
for protons polarized along the direction of the incoming photon; $E$ is defined by the
(normalized) difference between the cross sections for parallel and anti-parallel photon and
proton spin orientations. Data from older experiments \cite{GWU:2014now} are also included
in the partial wave analysis. The data are fitted
jointly with data on $N\eta$, $\Lambda K$, $\Sigma K$, $N\pi^0\pi^0$, and $N\pi^0\eta$ from both photo- and pion-induced reactions. Thus inelasticities in the meson-baryon system
are constrained by real data.  A list of the data used for the fit
can be found in
\cite{Anisovich:2011fc,Anisovich:2013vpa,Sokhoyan:2015fra,Gutz:2014wit}
and on our website (pwa.hiskp.uni-bonn.de).

We shortly outline the analysis technique and fit strategy.
The helicity-dependent amplitude for photoproduction of the final
state $b$ is cast into the form \cite{Chung:1995dx}
\begin{eqnarray}
a^h_{b}&=&P^h_a(I-i\rho K)_{ab}^{-1}\qquad {\rm where}\\
P^h_a&=&\sum\limits_\alpha \frac{A^h_{\alpha}
g^{\alpha}_a}{M_\alpha^2-s}+F_{a}\,.\vspace{-2mm}
\end{eqnarray}
$A^h_{\alpha}$ is the photo-coupling of a pole $\alpha$
and $F_{a}$ a non-resonant transition. The helicity amplitudes $A^{1/2}_\alpha$, $A^{3/2}_\alpha$ are defined as residues of the helicity-dependent amplitude at the pole
position and are complex numbers. They become real and coincide with the conventional helicity amplitudes $A^{1/2}_{\rm BW}$, $A^{3/2}_{\rm BW}$, if a Breit-Wigner amplitude with constant width is used. For pion-induced reactions and $\pi N$ elastic scattering similar formulae apply.
The exact formulas used in the fits are documented in a series of papers
\cite{Anisovich:2004zz,Anisovich:2006bc,Anisovich:2007zz,Denisenko:2016ugz}.

\begin{figure}[pb]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{fig1a.pdf}%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{fig1b.pdf}
\caption{\label{pwh}Real (solid points) and imaginary (open circles) part of the elastic $\pi N$ scattering amplitude $T$ in the $I(J^P)=3/2(7/2^+)$ and $3/2(7/2^-)$ partial waves \cite{Hohler:1984ux} and the BnGa fit. No uncertainties are known for \cite{Hohler:1984ux}. \vspace{-2mm}
}
\end{figure}

The $K$ matrix parametrizes resonances and background
contributions:\vspace{-1mm}
\begin{equation}
K_{ab}=\sum\limits_\alpha \frac{g^{\alpha}_a
g^{\alpha}_b}{M_\alpha^2-s}+f_{ab}\,.\vspace{-1mm}
\end{equation}
Here $g^{\alpha}_{a,b}$ are coupling constants of the pole $\alpha$
to the initial and the final state. The background terms $f_{ab}$
describe non-resonant transitions from the initial to the final
state. In most partial waves, a constant background term is sufficient to achieve a good fit.
Only the background in the meson-baryon $S$-wave required a more complicated form:\vspace{-2mm}
\begin{equation}
f_{ab}=\frac{(a+b\sqrt{s})}{(s-s_0)}.\vspace{-1mm}
\end{equation}
Further background contributions are obtained from the reggeized exchange of vector mesons \cite{Anisovich:2004zz}.

\begin{table*}[pt]
\caption{\label{BR}Properties of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$: masses M, widths
$\Gamma$, helicity amplitudes $A_{1/2}$,  $A_{3/2}$ (in units of $10^{-3}$\,GeV$^{-1/2}$),
and branching ratios
BR$=\Gamma_i/\Gamma_{\rm tot}$. The RPP estimates \cite{Beringer:1900zz} are given in parenthesis. The fit yields the quantities $A_{1/2}\sqrt{\rm BR}$ and $A_{3/2}\sqrt{\rm BR}$. The branching ratio
for $N\pi$ decays from a fit to the $\pi N$ elastic scattering amplitude $T$  \cite{Hohler:1984ux} is
used to determine the helicity amplitudes $A_{1/2}$, $A_{3/2}$. Also listed are the decay orbital angular momenta $L$.}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccccccccccc}
\hline\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\boldmath$\Delta(1950)7/2^+$\quad ****} && \multicolumn{4}{c}{\boldmath$\Delta(2200)7/2^-$\quad *}\\
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$M =1917 \pm 4$ MeV} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{($1915 - 1950$ MeV)} && \multicolumn{4}{c}{$M = 2176 \pm 40$ MeV}\\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Gamma = 251 \pm 8$ MeV} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{($235 - 335$ MeV)} && \multicolumn{4}{c}{$\Gamma = 210 \pm 70$ MeV}\\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$A_{1/2} =-67 \pm 5$} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{($-76 \pm 12$)} && \multicolumn{2}{l}{$A_{1/2} = 60 \pm 20$}
&\multicolumn{2}{l}{$A_{3/2} = -(20 \pm 8)$} \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$A_{3/2} =-94 \pm 4$} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{($-97 \pm 10$)} &&Decay&$|A_{1/2}|\sqrt{\rm BR}$&$|A_{3/2}|\sqrt{\rm BR}$&BR \\
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$N\pi$, $L=3:$ \quad $46 \pm 2$\%} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{($35 - 45$\%)} && \multicolumn{1}{l}{$N\pi$, $L=4$} &$11\pm 5$&$4\pm 1.5$& $3.5 \pm 1.5$\%  \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Sigma K$, $L=3:$ \quad $0.6 \pm 0.2$\%} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{(seen)} && \multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Sigma K$, $L=4$} &$12 \pm 6$&$4 \pm 2$& $4 \pm 3$\%   \\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\pi$, $L=3:$ \quad $5 \pm 3$\%} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{($20 - 30$\%)}   && \multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\pi$, $L=2$} &$50 \pm 8$&$17\pm 5$& $70 \pm 30$\%\\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\pi$, $L=5:$\quad --} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{(seen)}   && \multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\pi$, $L=4$} &$23 \pm 15$&$8 \pm 5$& $15 \pm 10$\%\\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\eta$, $L=3:$ \quad $0.3 \pm 0.3$\%} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{}   && \multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\eta$, $L=2$} &${\sim}5$&${\sim}2$& ${\sim}1$\%\\
\multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\eta$, $L=5:$\quad --} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{}   && \multicolumn{1}{l}{$\Delta\eta$, $L=4$} &--&--&--\\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.0}
\end{center}
\end{table*}
\begin{figure}[pt]
\vspace{-3mm}
\includegraphics[width=1.\columnwidth,height=0.52\textheight]{fig2.pdf}\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{\label{bestfit}Selected data and fits. Data: differential cross section $d\sigma/d\Omega$ \cite{Crede:2011dc,Dugger:2009pn}; target asymmetry $T$ \cite{Hartmann:2014mya,Hartmann:2015kpa,GWU:2014now}; beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ \cite{Dugger:2013crn}; helicity dependence $E$ \cite{Gottschall:2013uha,Strauch:2015zob}. Best fit: solid curve, fit without $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$: dotted curve. The fit deteriorated by $\delta\chi^2=597$ when $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ was removed. The mass ranges are given in MeV.
}
\end{figure}

To deduce branching ratios BR$=\Gamma_i/\Gamma_{\rm tot}$, a normalization is required. We use the $\pi N$ elastic scattering amplitudes $T$ determined by H\"ohler and collaborators \cite{Hohler:1984ux}, see Fig.~\ref{pwh}, which define the $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-\to \pi N$ branching ratios. From the fit to photoproduction data described below, the other branching ratios can be deduced.

We first made a fit to the data with our standard set of resonances and our standard fitting procedure using weights for low statistics data \cite{Anisovich:2011fc}. These contain all $N^*$ and $\Delta^*$ resonances with nominal masses up to 2.2~GeV listed in the Review of Particle Properties (RPP)~\cite{Beringer:1900zz} except $N(1685)$, $\Delta(1750)1/2^+$, $\Delta(2000)5/2^+$, $\Delta(2150)1/2^-$, for which we find no evidence. All masses, widths, and coupling constants
stay well within the errors quoted in \cite{Anisovich:2011fc}.
A few higher-mass reso\-nan\-ces are also taken into account (see \cite{Anisovich:2011fc}, for a list) which
improve the convergence behavior of the fit but their properties, in particular their masses and widths, remain undetermined. The large number of resonances offered to the fit avoids the problem that a group of unconsidered resonances could mimic a single resonance which then might lead to a significant improvement of the fit quality. With these ingredients, a reasonably good fit to all two-body reactions was achieved with a $\chi^2=49044$ for 32666 data points. These resonances are all included in the fit or were partly not used. The
detailed results depend on model space which is used.

The fits return properties of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ (and of many other resonances).
The results on $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ are listed in Table~\ref{BR}. Selected data
and the fit curve are shown in Fig.~\ref{bestfit}.
The values and the uncertainties in Table~\ref{BR} are derived from the mean values and
from the spread of results of the various fits. Within
the uncertainties, most properties of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ agree well with those reported in the
RPP~\cite{Beringer:1900zz}. For $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$, RPP gives no estimates, a comparison with other determinations will be discussed below. The $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ mass is compatible with its nominal mass, we assign an uncertainty of $\pm 40$~MeV.
The $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ width is less well determined: several fits give $\Gamma\approx140$~MeV, other fits return $\Gamma\approx280$~MeV. Hence we quote $\Gamma= 210\pm 70$~MeV.

The comparison of the $N\pi$ branching ratios of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ shows
why $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ is a well-established resonance and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ not: in elastic $\pi N$
scattering, the $N\pi$ branching ratio enters in the entrance and the exit channel, and the signature of
$\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ in elastic scattering is more than 100 times weaker than that of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$.
Due to the weakness of the $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ signal in elastic scattering, the $\Delta(2200)7/2^-\to N\pi$
branching ratio has a sizable uncertainty.  When this branching ratio is decreased by 20\%, all other
branching ratios are reduced by 20\% while the squared helicity amplitudes increase by 20\%.

In the next step, we removed $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ from the list of resonances used in the PWA, and the fit deteriorated visibly, see Fig.~\ref{bestfit}. We tried to replace $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ by other resonances or by a group of up to three additional resonances. Numerous combinations of different quantum numbers were tested, but even the best-suited three resonances do not lead to the same improvement of the fit quality as $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$. When $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ was then admitted as fourth additional resonance, the fit still improved significantly. Further, we excluded individual data sets on the polarization variables $\Sigma$, $T$, and $E$
for $\gamma p\to \pi^0p$ or $\gamma p\to \pi^+n$. Table~\ref{improve} gives
the change in $\chi^2$ which we observe and which we should expect
($N_{\rm events}\cdot 49044/32666$ with $N_{\rm events}$ being the number of
data points for a specified observable). The difference is assigned to the
fractional evidence for the existence of $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$. Obviously,
all data sets contributed to the evidence for
$\Delta(2200)7/2^-$. Most sensitive were the $\gamma p\to \pi^+n$ data on $E$ and $\Sigma$ and the
$T$ and $E$ data on $\gamma p\to \pi^0p$.
The six masses obtained in these fits deviate by $-(3\pm 10)$\,MeV, the widths by
($1\pm13$)\,MeV from the mean value. These differences
are well covered by the spread of results obtained when different models were used to fit the data.

\begin{figure}[pt]
\includegraphics[width=1.\columnwidth,height=0.66\textheight]{fig3.pdf}
\vspace{-5mm}
\caption{\label{scan-g37}The increase in pseudo-$\chi^2$ of the fit to a large body of pion- and photo-produced reactions when the mass of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ (solid points) or $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ (open circles) is scanned. The scale on the left (right) abscissa refers to the $7/2^+$ ($7/2^-$) partial wave. The curves are to guide the eye.\vspace{-2mm}
}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[pb]
\caption{\label{improve}The observed and the expected change in $\chi^2$ when single
data sets are removed from the fit. The differences are assigned to the fractional
evidence for the existence of $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$.
}
{\footnotesize
\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.4}
\begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
\hline\hline
\hspace{-2mm}Reaction\hspace{-2mm}                    & \multicolumn{3}{c}{$\gamma p\to \pi^0p$}& \multicolumn{3}{c}{$\gamma p\to \pi^+n$}\\
\hspace{-2mm}Observable\hspace{-2mm}&    $\Sigma$    &     T     &     E      &    $\Sigma$    &     T     &     E      \\
\hline
N$_{\rm event}$             &       702      &     609   &     509    &       389      &     661   &     140    \\
$\Delta\chi^2$ (obs.)   &      1346      &    1476   &    1372    &       1317     &    1497   &    1393    \\
$\Delta\chi^2$ (exp.)   &      1054      &     915   &     764    &       584      &     992   &     210    \\
\hline
\hspace{-2mm}$\Delta\chi^2_{\Delta(2200)7/2^-}$\hspace{-2mm}&292     &     541   &     608    &       733      &     505   &    1183    \\[1ex]
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
}
\end{table}

Next, we added data on three-body reactions, in particular $\gamma p\to \pi^0\pi^0 p$
\cite{Sokhoyan:2015fra} and $\gamma p\to \pi^0\eta p$ \cite{Gutz:2014wit}. The inclusion
of three-body reactions did not lead to any significant changes in mass, width, or
two-body couplings. Hence these values were frozen to their central values when the
three-body reactions were included. Three-body decays were assumed
to decay via intermediate meson or baryon resonances in an isobar ansatz.
The three-body data were fitted in an event-based likelihood method; hence no $\chi^2$ value
was returned by the fit. To quantify the improvement of a fit, we added to the change in
$\chi^2$ -- derived from the fit to two-body reactions -- the change in log likelihood
multiplied by 2. This number is referred to as pseudo-$\chi^2$. Since the absolute
value of the log-likelihood function is meaningless, we give only changes of the
pseudo-$\chi^2$.

With these data included, we performed mass scans in the $J^P=7/2^+$ and $J^P=7/2^-$ partial waves. In the mass scans, the $J^P=7/2^+$ and $J^P=7/2^-$ partial waves were not described by
$K$-matrix poles but represented by multichannel Breit-Wigner amplitudes, hence the optimal parameters for mass and width can differ. Figure~\ref{scan-g37} (top) shows the change of the resulting pseudo-$\chi^2$ as a function of the imposed mass of the $J^P=7/2^+$ or the $J^P=7/2^-$ resonance. The total pseudo-$\chi^2$ has clear minima at a mass of 1917~MeV for $J^P=7/2^+$ and 2176~MeV for $J^P=7/2^-$. When the masses are detuned
from the best values, the widths of the resonances become wide.

Figure~\ref{scan-g37} also shows a breakdown of the total pseudo-$\chi^2$ into contributions from specific reactions. Clear minima are observed in $\gamma p\to \pi^0\,p$, $\pi^+\,n$, $K\,\Sigma$, $\pi^0\pi^0 p$, and even in $\pi^0\eta p$ (due to $\Delta(1232)\eta$. The minima are found at 1913, 1917, 1922, 1904, 1942~MeV, respectively at
2186, 2155, 2193, 2115, 2200~MeV, consistent with the overall minima at 1917 and 2176~MeV. It is remarkable that the same minima which are found for $\Delta^*$ decays into $\pi N$ are as well seen in the other allowed decay channels.

In spite of the small $\Delta(2200)7/2^-\to \pi N$ coupling, the largest evidence stems from photoproduction of single pions. There are two reasons: first, the highly constraining
polarization data and their statistical power define the angular-momentum decomposition
very well. Second, the sequential decays in $2\pi^0$ photoproduction allow for a large
flexibility in describing the data; hence the statistical significance of those data is reduced.

The scans (Fig.~\ref{scan-g37}) demonstrate clearly that the masses
of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ and $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$
are different. We tried to include a second  $\Delta^*$  resonance with $7/2^-$ and a mass constrained to fall into the 1900 -- 1950~MeV mass range but the fit returned a vanishing amplitude for it. The difference in squared masses of the two resonances is $(1.06\pm 0.17)$~GeV$^2$, in excellent agreement with the slope of the leading Regge trajectory for $\Delta^*$'s of $(1.08\pm0.01)$~GeV$^2$.

To search for a mass-degenerate parity partner of $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$,
 we did a series of fits trying to impose a $\Delta(1950)7/2^-$ with a mass restricted
in the range 1920 to 1980~MeV in addition to $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$. In all fits, both helicity amplitudes converged to
zero: there is no mass-degenerate parity partner of  $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$  in the data.

Evidence for the $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ resonance has been reported before, see Table~\ref{old}.
The Review of Particle Properties lists it as a one-star resonance, the evidence was
considered as {\it poor}. $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ is not seen in the elastic $\pi N$ scattering
analysis of the GWU group \cite{Workman:2012hx}; in the recent Bonn-GWU-J\"ulich analysis it
is included in the fits but the authors state that they {\it cannot claim much evidence}
either \cite{Ronchen:2014cna}.

\begin{table}[pt]
\caption{\label{old}(Breit-Wigner) mass, width (in MeV) and $\pi N$ decay branching ratio
BR$=\Gamma_\pi/\Gamma_{\rm tot}$
of  $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$. Ref. \cite{Ronchen:2014cna} reports the pole position, no uncertainty is given.}
\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\hline\hline
Mass& Width & BR &Ref\\
\hline
$2280\pm 80$ & $400\pm 150$&$9\pm 2$\% &\cite{Hendry:1978cd}\\
$2115\pm 60$ & $400\pm 100$&$5\pm 2$\%  &\cite{Hohler:1979yr}\\
$2200\pm 80$ & $450\pm 100$&$6\pm 2$\%  &\cite{Cutkosky:1980rh}\\
$2280\pm 40$ & $400\pm 50$ & &\cite{Candlin:1983cw}\\
2157        & 477        & &\cite{Ronchen:2014cna} \\
$\mathbf{2176\pm 40}$ & $\mathbf{210\pm 70}$ &$\mathbf{3.5\pm 1.5 \%}$ & this work\\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.0}
\end{table}

Finally, we discuss the helicity couplings. The $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ resonance can be excited by the
$E_{3+}$ and $M_{3+}$ multipoles, $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ by the $E_{4-}$ and $M_{4-}$ multipoles.
The multipoles are related to the helicity amplitudes by \cite{Workman:2013rca}
\begin{eqnarray}
\hspace{-5mm}A^{1/2}_{3+} =  -\frac 12\{5 E_{3+} +3 M_{3+} \};&\hspace{-5mm}&
A^{3/2}_{3+} =   \frac 12 \sqrt{15} \{ E_{3+} - M_{3+} \}\nonumber\\
\hspace{-5mm}A^{1/2}_{4-} =  -\frac 12\{4 E_{4-} -6 M_{4-} \};&\hspace{-5mm}&
A^{3/2}_{4-} =  -\frac 12 \sqrt{24} \{ E_{4-} + M_{4-} \}\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
from which we deduce
\begin{eqnarray}
\hspace{-5mm}\Delta(1950)7/2^+ & E_{3+} =&\hspace{-2mm} - (1.5\pm 1.5) 10^{-3}{\rm \,GeV}^{-1/2} \\
&M_{3+} =&\hspace{-1.8mm}  (47.1\pm 1.8) 10^{-3}{\rm \,GeV}^{-1/2}\\
\hspace{-5mm}\Delta(2200)7/2^- & E_{4-} =&\hspace{-2.5mm} - ( 7.1\pm \ 4.5) 10^{-3}{\rm \,GeV}^{-1/2} \\
&M_{4-} =&\hspace{-2mm} (15.3\pm 4.2) 10^{-3}{\rm \,GeV}^{-1/2}
\end{eqnarray}
In quark models, $\Delta(1950)7/2^+$ has a leading $(L,S)$ configuration $(L=2,S=3/2)$. When
it is excited, the spin of one of the three quarks of the proton has to flip. This requires a
magnetic multipole. Indeed, the electric multipole $E_{3+}$ is much smaller than the magnetic
multipole $M_{3+}$. This observation can be compared with the small $E/M$ ratio of $\Delta(1232)$:
the photo-excitation of $\Delta(1232)$ requires a spin flip as well.
The  leading $(L,S)$ configuration of $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ is likely
$(L=3,S=1/2)$ \cite{Klempt:2012fy}. No spin flip is required and both,
electric and magnetic multipoles, may contribute (not necessarily at the same
strength). Within the errors, data are consistent with this conjecture.

Summarizing, we have reported strong evidence for the $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ resonance from a coupled-channel analysis of a large data base. Mass, width, and decay branching ratios are determined.
The observed mass strongly favors quark models and AdS/QCD and is in conflict with models in which chiral symmetry is restored in the high-mass spectrum of meson and baryon resonances. The
analysis is based on the BnGa approach exploiting the energy-dependence of the photoproduction
amplitudes. There is the hope that the photoproduction multipoles with low orbital angular momenta might be determined in an energy-independent (and thus model-independent) analysis
when further polarization data become available. This would be the basis to derive the $\Delta(2200)7/2^-$ properties exploiting different model assumptions.

We thank the CLAS and CB-ELSA collaborations for letting us use their data prior to publication. E.K.~acknowledges stimulating discussions with L.~Glozman. This work is supported by the \textit{Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft} (SFB/TR16), the \textit{U.S. Department of Energy, U.S.  National Science
  Foundation}, and the \textit{Russian Science Foundation} (RSF 16-12-10267).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Selected five-year fixed rates at 90%, as well as two- and five-year deals for borrowers with a five per cent deposit, have been reduced by up to 0.10%.
The range now includes a 90% five-year fix at 2.53% which comes with £1,000 cashback, free valuation and a £495 fee.
Alongside the rate cuts Accord has also launched a new ten-year fixed rate for borrowers with a 25% deposit. The deal comes with a rate of 2.49%, a free standard valuation and a £495 fee. It's available to both purchase and remortgage borrowers.
Jemma Anderson, mortgage manager at Accord, said that the ten-year deal would give borrowers more stability at an uncertain time.


text:
Childhood Goodbye
Madisen Ward and the Mama Bear - Mother Mary
Paste Studios (New York, New York), 07/27/2018
By Paste Magazine | July 28, 2018
Music Video Madisen Ward and the Mama Bear
paste video
madisen ward and the mama bear
paste studios (new york, new york)
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Song Premiere: Madisen Ward and the Mama Bear - "Dreams" (Fleetwood Mac Cover) By Paste Staff January 20, 2016 | 12:30pm
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We offer a full range of wood floor oils and lacquers, all of which have been developed in-line with our ongoing commitment to protecting the environment. Ensuring sustainable development and reducing the negative effects of wood furniture production on the environment is a global challenge, and is the driving force behind the whole range of products we choose to stock from Blanchon.
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Oak flooring is a natural product and no matter what finish you decide to buy, it will require some maintenance over time and usage. Although many people actually like the marks caused during wear and tear over the years (some say it simply adds to the natural character of oak flooring), it makes sense to protect your new flooring where you can.
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Our oak flooring mouldings are ideal for matching your décor and maintaining a neat, cohesive design to any room installation. Our range includes door thresholds, stair nosings and door lining, and much more.
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If you want a custom design, simply send us a drawing and we'll do our best to create it.
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Laying wooden flooring can be a very simple process, but it is essential to have the correct wooden floor tools to ensure it is laid correctly.
Here at Oak Floors Online, we have a wide range of wood flooring tools to satisfy the needs of any size flooring project, so please browse through our selection of saws, floor fitting kits clamps, straighteners and more. Our tools are perfect for laying all types of wooden flooring, especially our own oak flooring but we are also linked to a Timber & Builders' Merchant, and therefore have access to many different suppliers of tools and accessories, so if you can't see the tool you need on this page, just ask and we'll do our best to source it for you.
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Home/News/The Nation's Favourite Tree
The Nation's Favourite Tree
Why does the site of an oak tree evoke a sense of strength? An oak tree can live to over a thousand years old so we can depend on it being there when we return from our travels. We can see it standing tall, serving as a beacon – a huge green welcome over a loving home or memorable spot.
As a nation, the oak means a great deal to us, but did you realise the oak tree is also a strong symbol of rebellion. Amongst the ten finalists for England's inaugural Tree of the Year competition is Kett's Oak in Norfolk.
Kett's Rebellion was a revolt during the reign of Edward VI, largely in response to the enclosure of land. It began with a group of rebels destroying fences that had been put up by wealthy landowners. One of their targets was yeoman farmer Robert Kett who, instead of resisting the rebels, agreed to their demands and offered to lead them. Kett and his forces were joined by recruits from Norwich and the surrounding countryside. The meeting point for this 16,000 strong rebellion was an oak tree on the road from Hethersett to Norwich.
Kett's rebellion ended when the rebels were defeated by an army under the leadership of the Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Dussindale. Kett was held in the Tower of London where he was tried for treason and hanged from the walls of Norwich Castle. Kett's Oak enjoys a more peaceful life now, still standing strong beside the B1172.
Another mighty oak to have made the finals, weighing in at 23 tonnes, is Major Oak in Nottinghamshire where Robin Hood and his Merry Men are reported to have sought sanctuary from the sheriff and his forces. Major Oak is reputed to be 800 years old (although if this is the case, Nottinghamshire's 13th Century outlaw may have had a job hiding in a tree that was at best a sapling at the time – perhaps they made highwaymen shorter back then).
The shortlist actually hosts a total of seven oak trees. Perhaps the oldest is Allerton Oak in Calderstones Park, Liverpool. Allerton Oak is approximately 1000 years old and for many was perhaps the last glance of home before they sailed from the Port of Liverpool to a new life overseas. According to tradition, Liverpool's maritime history helped shape Allerton Oak when in 1864 the Lottie Sleigh, a sailing ship moored three miles away on the River Mersey laden with 11 tonnes of gunpowder caught fire and exploded. The blast sent a shockwave that ripped through the grand oak, its branches today supported by props.
Thought to be around 500 years old, the Whiteleaved Oak of Herefordshire sits at the southern end of the Malvern Hills and boasts its own visitors book. Although it is still used in druid ceremonies, the very existence of this legendary Pagan oak, as well as its supposed location, is the subject of much debate. There is without a doubt, an ancient gnarled old oak tree situated in farmland on the slopes of Ragged Stone Hill, between the hamlets of Hollybush and White Leaved Oak.
Whiteleaved Oak has a diameter of around 2 meters, and bizarrely grows atop a large rock. Many believe that the oak marks the centre point of laylines that can be plotted across the west of the country including other Druid locations such as Stonehenge. Whatever the trees' authenticity, it is clearly considered an important spiritual place to many.
The Ickwell Oak of Bedfordshire is believed to be 350 years old and has spent half of its life located within the boundary of Ickwell's 175 year old cricket club. The villagers are so fond of their oak tree that when it lost a branch during a fierce storm in 1995, craftsmen were tasked with converting the fallen branches into benches for each of the greens within the parish.
Big in both name and stature, the Big Bellied Oak, an old Pollard in Savernake Forest boasts a gut busting circumference of almost 11 meters. The portly oak tree is thought to date back to Saxon times and has already been recognised as one of fifty Great British Trees by the Tree Council.
The last oak on the shortlist is perhaps the only one to have its own website, a Facebook page and stars in its own children's book. Old Knobbley has been rooted in Mistley, Essex for at least 800 years. Old Knobbley has proved such a hit with children over the centuries that shiny worn steps have gradually been eroded into his spine.
Jill Butler, ancient tree specialist at the Woodland Trust, said: "We are one of the richest countries in Northern Europe for these characterful, important and ancient trees, so it's about raising awareness that these are there in the landscape and we don't overlook them."
With seven of our favourite species represented in the top ten, Oak Floors Online are confident that as ever the beauty of oak will win through and take the spoils as the nation's favourite tree.
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Our aim was to fill the gap existing in the post-graduate training of ophthalmologists in Europe. To reach our goals we have built strong partnerships with leading ophthalmic institutions, groups and individuals worldwide.
Guided by a vision of collaboration and supported by Europe's major ophthalmological societies, including the European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS), the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA), the European Glaucoma Society (EGS) and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), we strengthen capabilities and prepare for the future.
These are the key factors that have enabled ESASO – European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology to become a centre of international prestige despite its short history: discover more through our website!
ESASO – European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology's educational programme is based on a modular system that covers the whole field of ophthalmology: retina, cornea and refractive surgery, glaucoma, oculoplastics, paediatrics and strabismus. This system makes it easy to combine continuing education with existing work commitments.
The new ESASO training centre (ETC) - inaugurated on 28 October 2016 - offers cutting-edge educational facilities and advanced "eye-tech" equipment: a great opportunity for ophthalmologists, because they can teach and learn from each other.
The Asian Campus is located at one of Singapore's most prestigious private medical establishments: the Camden Medical Centre, on Orchard Boulevard in the heart of the city.
ESASO – European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology offers the chance to be part of a community of students and teachers in an intercontinental framework of knowledge and friendship. Discover us through the words left by those who have experienced our modules or our initiatives and become one of us.


Fr. James Bogdan was born on December 17, 1932 in Grand Rapids, MI and married Presbytera Joan in 1958. They have been blessed with 4 children and 6 grandchildren. He received his BA in 1952 and his Master of Arts degree in 1956 from the University of Michigan. While working on his Masters degree in Byzantine Studies, he attended Holy Cross School of Theology doing research for his thesis. In 1958 Fr. Jim continued work on his doctorate in Byzantine Studies at Michigan State University.


text:
Peeblesshire, Scotland : Classification : Parish Records
Parish Registers were instigated by Thomas Cromwell from 1538 in the reign of Henry VIII, recording every wedding, baptism and burial. There are gaps in the records for a variety of reasons, such as the civil war, but these records are a prime source for building family trees. From 1597 a copy of the records had to be made and sent to the Bishop. Sometimes the Bishops' Transcript may contain more information than the original, so it can often be worthwhile tracking down both. For more information on Parish Registers there is a brief history on the Wikipedia Parish Register page.
After 1837 Civil Registration was introduced and the Local BMD and GRO BMD records become the primary source.
Classification: Baptisms, Burial Plots, Marriages, One Name Study, Parish Records
Title: BLAIR Genealogy and Searchable Database
Link: http://blairgenealogy.com/
Description: BLAIR Genealogy and Searchable Database
Classification: Baptisms, Births, Marriages, Parish Records
Title: Family Search Records Collection
Description: Family Search Records Collection - Scottish Data
Extra Info: Check the coverage for areas covered so far.


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A variety of very special cards can be found with both the greeted and the blank cards. These include fine handcrafted cards from the Constance Kay collections, die-cut SF skyline cards, and foil stamped and embossed cards by Paula Skene Designs. These cards are a beautiful gift of their own for a thank-you, birthday or special occasion.
Need a card for a special occasion? In our greeting card sections, you will find Birthday, Anniversary, Wedding, New Baby, Congratulations, New Home, Get Well, Sympathy and Thinking of You. Or you may find the perfect image for the person or occasion in our blank card sections…archery, jellyfish, gnomes, saxophones, &c.
If you send cards frequently, our tables of boxed note cards are not to be missed. On the antique lawyers' bookcase, we offer the largest selection of boxed thank-you cards in San Francisco. Boxed blank cards, correspondence cards and stationery are displayed around on tables. Don't miss our collection of San Francisco cards, single and boxed.
We will remind you of all the seasonal occasions to celebrate with a card. Through-out the year we provide cards for the big occasions: Valentine's, Mom and Dad's, and Graduation Days. We also remember St. Pat's, Passover and Easter and even have cards for the 4th of July. Come fall, we offer Jewish New Year, Halloween and Thanksgiving cards.


That's the implication of a new paper that looks at aging, height loss and socioeconomic factors in China. (The latest version is gated, but an earlier version is freely available.) Researchers at the University of Southern California, Harvard University and Peking University are reporting that height loss during aging is positively correlated with cognitive decline, among other problems.
In a study of 17,708 Chinese adults beginning at age 45, more height loss was associated with poorer health outcomes across the board, but particularly with worse performance on tests of memory and arithmetic. People of higher socioeconomic status, meanwhile, shrank less.
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The email went on to list all the details of the illegally downloaded game, when, where, and how it was downloaded, and advised us that further behaviour like this would result in us losing our internet. My youngest son had downloaded an illegal copy of Jak and Daxter. He tried to deny it at first. Then I told him I had received an email with all the details. So now he tried to justify it. His argument was sound, and one that, while I agree with his reasoning, is not recognized by the courts. But, unfortunately, it is an argument that many believe will protect them from civil suit.
His argument was this. He had bought the disk a few years ago, when the game first came out. However, because games on CDs are not very durable, his game was no longer readable by the game system. He looked for a used copy at GameStop and tried to find a way to buy it online, but there was nothing available. He felt that since he had legally purchased the game originally, but could no longer play it, it was okay for him to download a free copy. He even tried to argue that this was his digital backup (which actually is a valid argument that I will discuss later). The issue here is that the courts have not recognized original legal ownership as a valid excuse for downloading through a Bit Torrent or peer2peer file sharing site. In addition, anytime you download from bit torrent or P2P sites, you risk infecting your computer with viruses.
Note: bit torrent is the way files are shared through P2P, but I list them separately, as some sites call themselves bit torrent and some call themselves P2P. I want to make sure that students are aware that BOTH can be illegal.
Based on what I have read, the argument about digital backup (Copyright FAQ) applies when you have a DVD or a CD that you make a copy of on your computer. Producers of music and videos use to try and prevent you from copying this material, stating it was to prevent piracy. Since then, it has been ruled that you have a legal right to make a backup (or archive) copy of media that you have purchased on a disk. In this case, it does not apply. If he had made a copy from his original disk, he would have been within his rights. But downloading an illegal copy from the internet is not protected under this rule.
I am not a lawyer, but I do pay attention to this because I teach it. I do not necessarily agree with all of the laws, but it is not my place to argue the laws in the classroom. It is my job to teach the laws the way they apply, advise my students that it is always better to err on the side of caution, and if they don't like the laws, to go about changing them the right way.
As educators and parents, it is our job to share this information with the youth in our care. Google copyright infringement penalties sometime and see just how seriously the RIAA takes this and how many lives have been ruined over a few songs downloaded from a bit torrent or P2P site. Sharing copyrighted material is NOT allowed without the express permission of the copyright holder. In our digital world, where everything is immediately available, it is hard for many people to comprehend that just because it is on the internet does not mean it is legal. Most people would never walk into a store and steal a DVD, CD, or game. But when it's on the internet, the lines between right and wrong get fuzzy. Copyright is not a tangible thing in the digital world. Since we cannot hold it in our hands, it is harder for some people to make the connection with a real item to be sold for the benefit of the creator of that product. It is not always an easy topic to teach or comprehend (as shown by my son's challenges). But we must continue to teach our students that when someone creates something, it is theirs. They own it, and we do not have the right to access it and share out without fair compensation to the creator.
Respect Copyrights written to appeal to those who have received a take down or copyright notice.
RIAA Tools for Parents website by the people who actually pursue copyright infringers.
Don't Be a Douche Yes, Jack Black says douche. But this is an entertaining way to explain why copyright law exists.
BBC Story on Tracking Illegal Downloads this shows how tracking illegal downloaders has become an entire industry that is taken very seriously.
Copyright Alert System article on CNET about how internet providers are tracking illegal downloads.
Center for Media & Social Impact a great resource for all things copyright and fair use. Intended for college students, but the lessons work well with my HS students.
Minnesota Woman Fined $220,000 for Illegal Downloads I have followed this story for years, she should have taken the original ruling of $30,000.
Nintendo Copyright FAQ right from the horses mouth. How Nintendo feels about piracy.
Ignorance of the law does not release the violator of those laws from the responsibility of their actions. With all of the articles, media, and sites out there dedicated to informing the public about copyright laws and an equal number dedicated to telling people how to get around the system, claiming ignorance would be pretty hard. We must do our best to teach our students and children what the laws are, but more importantly, why they exist and how illegal downloads hurt everyone.


text:
Q: How do I compare an element in the list with a string value in python? message1=changes.split(" ")
if message1[0] == 'D'
changes="deleted"

I tried to compare it in different ways  and  I am getting invalid syntax errors :( I am using python2.3.  Could you please help?

A: Your logic is fine but the syntax is wrong you forgot the ':' after the if statement and to indent the content.
here's an exemple :
changes = "D A C"
messages1 = changes.split(" ")
if messages1[0] == "D":
    print "message1 == 'D'"
    #..... you logic here

I recommend you look at this tutorial.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Vectors, Matrices and Geometry
(向量、矩陣與幾何)
K. T. Leung and S. N. Suen
Sciences, Technology
This edition is no longer available.
DESCRIPTION | ABOUT THE AUTHORS | ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
This book is the last volume of a three-book series written for Sixth Form students and first-year undergraduates. It introduces the important concepts of finite-dimensional vector spaces through the careful study of Euclidean geometry. In turn, methods of linear algebra are then used in the study of coordinate transformations through which a complete classification of conic sections and quadric surfaces is obtained. The book concludes with a detailed treatment of linear equations in n variables in the language of vectors and matrices. Illustrative examples are included in the main text and numerous exercises are given in each section. The other books in the series are Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics (published 1988) and Polynomials and Equations (published 1992).
Kam-Tim Leung took his doctorate in mathematics in 1957 at the University of Zurich. During 1958-60, he taught at the Miami University and the University of Cincinnati. Since 1960 he has been a Senior Lecturer in Mathematics at The University of Hong Kong. His many publications include Elementary Set Theory, Linear Algebra and Geometry, Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics and Polynomials and Equations, all published by the Hong Kong University Press. He is also the main author of Basic Mathematics, a five-volume textbook for local secondary schools. Suk-Nam Suen took his Bachelor degree in Arts in 1985 at The University of Hong Kong, where he later obtained the Cert. Ed. He has been teaching mathematics since 1986, and is now Head of Mathematics and the Career Master at Tsang Pik Shan Secondary School.
Other Books by Kam-Tim Leung
Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics
K. T. Leung and P. H. Cheung
Polynomials and Equations
K. T. Leung, Ida A. C. Mok, and S. N. Suen
Elementary Set Theory, Parts 1 and 2, Ninth Edition
K. T. Leung and Doris L. C. Chen


Here we have some hints for you.
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Bali is famous for it's massages. The special technique of the Balinese Massage is unique and everybody enjoys it. The best way to get your body back on track after surfing. There are plenty of Spas around here in Canggu. The best price / leisure you definitely get at Amy's Spa at Jalan Batu Bolong.
- Deus ex Machina: Taco and Tattoo Tuesday.
- Old Man's: Partynight with DJ/DJane or live music, different kind of music in a stylish location.
- Deus ex Machina: live music, party and beer. Style: various, every Sunday something different from Sing-/and Songwriter up to wild and hard metal tunes in a stylish ambient.
- Old Man's: Differente theme evenings with DJ's or live music.


People have a lot of reasons for hating me.
My political, religious and social views. My false air of superiority masking deep insecurities. My breath. A hairline intent on disobeying the toll of time.
But, perhaps utmost is this: I have a one-song commute.
From my driveway to a noncompact parking place at my office, I average one song. And if I hit the lights just right, I don't even finish that.
Hate me if you must. My co-workers do. But a one-song commute isn't always a good thing.
Sure, I save gas and don't spend endless hours in gridlock. But I also can't call in late because "traffic is horrible today." And there's little time to decompress after a hard day at the office with such a short drive home.
I do get to spend more time with the family, but I do them little good if my mind is still back at the office fretting over cell M-132 of that spreadsheet I was dutifully populating 10 minutes ago.
So whenever possible, I walk to work. Beyond taking my commute to a manageable 25 minutes, there are other benefits.
Besides finally utilizing iPod playlists and podcasts or Pandora stations I've created but don't have time to listen to, walking to and from work has shown me many things I either don't see or take for granted.
Now that summer seems to have given up her stranglehold, there are leaves on the ground. The only sign of seasonal change in Southern California.
You know what else you see a lot of on the ground? Spent gum. Little black circles eternally sealed to the sidewalk with a molecular bond NASA can't figure out. Everywhere. It's disgusting and amazing at the same time.
You have to watch out for sprinklers. For every yard and building watering its lawn, there's at least one sprinkler head misdirected across the sidewalk and into the street. As if concrete needed any more help to grow.
Have you heard the story of the columns shaped like the Seven Dwarfs at the corporate building on the Walt Disney Studios lot? Easily viewable from Alameda Avenue — Bashful, Doc, Dopey, Grumpy, Happy, Sleepy and Sneezy, hold the roof up. Legend has it Walt spent everything he had on the 1937 release of "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs," his first feature-length animated movie. If it bombed, so would Disney. Those Dwarfs literally held the roof up.
Past Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center and nearby medical offices, the infirm and sickly make their way in for treatment. Every day I see the same used heart-monitor pad discarded on the sidewalk in front of one building. It's been there for months waiting for a gust of wind or downpour to take it away. It's a reminder that I can walk to work; a reminder I can walk.
The restaurant formerly known as Chadney's — man, do I miss that place — seems to be in a forever-stalled state of rebirth, like so many buildings, businesses and people I know. The marquee proudly announces upcoming interviews for open staff positions — last August.
And now I am thankful I have a job to walk to.
That homeless lady, barefoot, carrying a water bottle filled with something other than water, smiles at me, looks me right in the eye and smiles warmly and sincerely, unlike any of the people I pass who are walking from a home to work.
So many cars rushing past, their bumper stickers telling us what to think, who to vote for and how to be happy. Kind of like Facebook. If the mysteries of the world could be solved in the space of a bumper sticker or Twitter update, I'd be a rich man. I should post that.
I am convinced the most dangerous place in a city isn't a dark alley, bad neighborhood or City Hall. It is any lighted intersection. Look both ways when using a crosswalk, folks, because drivers sure don't.
Dead snail. Dead bird. Slumbering spirits on their way to and from.
So much dust waiting to be washed away by autumn's first tears.
So, here's my challenge to you this week. Since walking to work isn't possible for everyone, drive all but one mile. Park and walk the rest of the way. Do this just once each week, but not to save gas, reduce greenhouse gases or improve cardiovascular performance (though those are all worthy reasons).
Do it to see the things you miss; all the real-world things that flash past your car window unseen, unheard and unsmelled, as you seal yourself apart from the world around you each day.
PATRICK CANEDAY hates liver. Contact him at patrickcaneday@gmail.com. Read more at www.randomthoughtsonbeinghuman.com.


text:
Please refresh this page to make sure you have the latest updates.
The Property >
Friends' Groups
Reports to the Community
FoCH History
Our supporters 2019
Kirby's Mill Restoration
Proposed mission statement change
Our current mission statement:
To keep Crowell Hilaka safe, vibrant, and accessible.
Proposed statement:
FoCH is a non-profit advocacy group dedicated to supporting the RJRD through preserving, promoting, protecting, and enhancing Richfield Heritage Preserve; formerly Crowell Hilaka.
Alternative wording:
FoCH is a nonprofit advocacy group partnering with the RJRD to preserve, protect, enhance, and promote Richfield Heritage Preserve, formerly Crowell Hilaka.
Our mission statement describes who we are as an organization. When someone hears that you are a member of something called "FoCH", they may have no idea what that means. The mission statement is the short explanation.
FoCH's original mission statement was about Girl Scouts. As the ownership changed, we deleted the Girl Scout references. Then we waited to see how our role would evolve.
In our Code of Regulations, we defined FoCH's purpose of the for the State of Ohio: " to ensure that the property known as Crowell Hilaka becomes an ecological, recreational, historic, and educational resource for the public."
Our tagline was a way to describe ourselves on a T shirt: "Preserving Ohio's Hidden Treasure".
Now that Richfield has taken ownership of the property and our relationship with the RJRD has been formalized, it is time for a new description of purpose.


Present day businesses are simply incomplete and insignificant without a formidable online marketing strategy backing them. The need of a reliable web marketing strategy has simply become inevitable for business owners under present scenario, where competition is rising high and economies are sinking down. That definitely calls for having an online marketing strategy that can propel a business ahead of its adversaries.
Blogging is one important way of keeping viewers' interests alive in a particular website. Online marketing experts can resort to their blog analytics for determining the most resonating topics for their targeted audience. Relying on statistical performance of various of your posts and topics, try to identify a pattern your audience likes and use that to further create high quality content very much relevant to it.
Similarly, a great deal of sprucing can be done for rounding up your SEO strategy in the best possible manner. Mere Link building services do not suffice in present times for success of an SEO campaign. Web marketing experts should resort to analytics for seeking betterment in keyword research to solidify their campaigns.
With the number of social media sites constantly increasing, more often than not, it becomes quite challenging to decide which social media site needs more attention. Yet again, SEO analytics can guide web marketers much better in this regard. One can resort to them for trailing how many visitors each of social media sites are directing to a website, so that you can decide which one of them can be more productive when focused even more.
Landing pages and CTAs (Calls-to-Action) are one of the most important elements of an online marketing campaign. SEO analytics can be of great help in analyzing CTRs (click-through-rate) of any given CTA as well as probing conversion rates of a particular landing page. Remarkable improvements can be sought through appropriate scrutiny of relevant stats in this regard.
Due to their significance, SEO analytics have received much fame and acknowledgement by renowned online marketers throughout the world. Make sure you also exploit them in the best possible manner to improve the efficacy of your online marketing campaigns.


text:
By Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD (Leading Environmental Law Scholar, Natural Resources Lawyer and Dispute Resolution Expert in Kenya)*
Many countries are reconsidering the role of nuclear energy in their energy mix, as a means to alleviate the concerns over climate change, security of energy supply and the price and price volatility of fossil fuels. The need for alternative sources of energy has been fueled by the combination of climate change fears and a continued growth in energy demand as a way of moving away from the global fossil fuel addiction. It is estimated that nuclear fission as one such alternative accounts for 14% of global electricity generation and has the potential to generate significantly more. The proponents of use of nuclear energy argue that it has the potential to reduce pollution, cut greenhouse gas emissions, and help countries attain more energy independence.
The Global Legal and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Energy
The global legal framework on production and use of nuclear energy governs key issues relating to the use and safety of nuclear energy. All countries venturing into this territory are expected to abide by the same. Specifically, the existing international nuclear liability regime is based on the Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy of 29 July 1960, as amended by the Additional Protocol of 28 January 1964 and by the Protocol of 16 November 1982 (1960 Paris Convention) and the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (1963 Vienna Convention), which set forth the basic principles of nuclear liability law. These principles include: the operator of a nuclear installation is exclusively liable for nuclear damage; strict (no fault) liability is imposed on the operator; exclusive jurisdiction is granted to the courts of one State, to the exclusion of the courts in other States; and liability may be limited in amount and in time.
In terms of institutional framework, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the main institution that oversees the implementation of these legal instruments among other functions. The mandate of the IAEA as an international organization is to seek to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. Currently, over thirty countries produce and use nuclear energy, with some, like France, producing large portions of their electricity from nuclear power, and others like Brazil and the Netherlands producing small percentages of electricity by nuclear power.
The Kenyan Legal and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Energy
Kenya is still at a nascent stage in its plans to set up nuclear reactors, especially as far as regulatory frameworks are concerned. The preferred site for the nuclear plant in the country is Tana River County, near the Kenyan coast which was preferred after studies across three regions. The plant will be developed with a concessionaire under a build, operate and transfer model.
Nuclear Regulatory Act 2019
The Nuclear Regulatory Bill 2018 was first published by Parliament on November 19, 2018. The Bill has since been enacted as law under Nuclear Regulatory Act, 2019 and the law to provide for a comprehensive framework for the regulation of safe, secure and peaceful utilization of atomic energy and nuclear technology; the production and use of radiation sources and the management of radioactive waste; the repeal of the Radiation Protection Act and for connected purposes. While the Act is quite comprehensive, there will be need for constant review as the stakeholders identify what works and what challenges arise in the course of its implementation.
Nuclear Power and Energy Agency (NuPEA)
The Nuclear Power and Energy Agency, formerly Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB), is a State Corporation established under the Energy Act 2019. The Agency is charged with, inter alia: being the nuclear energy programme implementing organization and promoting the development of nuclear electricity generation in Kenya; and carrying out research, development and dissemination activities in the energy and nuclear power sector. The Agency is therefore expected to work closely with the other stakeholders in the energy sector to oversee the setting up and successful running of nuclear energy production projects in the country.
Nuclear Energy in Kenya: Are we Getting it Right?
Some commentators have keenly highlighted some of the issues that have made the general public uncomfortable with the idea of Kenya turning to nuclear energy including: lack of properly trained manpower, the overall cost of the project, suitability of the sites where nuclear plants are to be built and nuclear disaster management. However, even as the Government proceeds with the project, there has been many emerging issues and questions surrounding the viability of the nuclear energy project especially given that Kenya still has vast renewable energy resources that remain under exploited to this day.
Indeed, the progress towards making Kenya a Nuclear Energy producer has received a mixed bag of fortunes in this year, in a span of less than 3 months between June and October 2021. In June 2021, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) carried out a follow-up Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) mission to assess the country's progress on recommendations from an INIR mission conducted in 2015. IAEA reviewed the status of nuclear infrastructure development using the Phase 1 criteria from of the IAEA's Milestones Approach, which provides detailed guidance across three phases of development (consider, prepare, construct). Phase 1 evaluates the readiness of a country to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear power programme.
The follow-up INIR team of the IAEA said noted that Kenya had made progress in the implementation of most recommendations and suggestions from the 2015 review. In particular, the follow-up INIR team noted that Kenya developed the National Nuclear Policy and the National Policy and Strategy for Safety to enable the Government to make an informed decision on whether to introduce nuclear power. Further, it acknowledged the country enacted a national nuclear law and established a regulatory body with clear responsibilities for safety, security and safeguards. Kenya had also completed an assessment of the national legal framework and identified other laws needing review and there was enhanced the coordination among its key stakeholders in the development of its nuclear power program. However, the IAEA team said that further work is needed in areas such as the development of a nuclear leadership programme and the ratification of international conventions in the area of nuclear safety.
Interestingly, before the good news sank in, the Presidential taskforce on reviewing power purchase agreements recommended the dissolution of the Nuclear Energy and Energy Agency (NuPEA), stating that it is of no use at the moment. The presidential taskforce said in the report that the country is years away from installing its first nuclear power plant and does not yet need an autonomous parastatal to lead the process. This comes even as last year the Agency had announced the plans to build a $5 billion (Sh540 billion) nuclear power plant on a site in Tana River County over the next seven years with funding from private investors. In August 2020, the Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB) in a regulatory filing with the National Environment Management Authority (Nema), revealed that the plant with an initial capacity of 1,000 megawatt (Mw) plant was to be constructed through a concession on build, operate and transfer (BOT) model.
But this did not stop the Presidential Taskforce from sounding the death knell on NuPEA putting limbo the future of nuclear energy program in limbo. The taskforce stated in a report released to the Media in October 2021: "According to the 2020-40 LCPDP, the country is unlikely to enter nuclear power generation in the near future. A separate entity to promote and implement a nuclear program in Kenya, therefore, is not needed at this time, and this high-level non-generation role could be played by the Ministry of Energy. The intended role, which is not nuclear-related, can be efficiently played by the respective entities. he implication of the costs of running NuPEA as a separate entity cannot be justified."
Whole Kenya began considering nuclear electricity in 2008, a first plant had been proposed to be built by 2020 but this target was moved to 2027 and then later to 2037. It is interesting that the task force recommended the amendment of Section 54 of the Energy Act, which established NuPEA barely two be transferred to a department within the Ministry of Energy to manage the development of general nuclear energy policy. The question that begs is: Do we even need nuclear energy at all? As things stand, countries as France and Germany that have far much advanced technology and regulatory frameworks in place for nuclear energy are cutting down on their use of nuclear energy for its potential negative effects if not well handled. In fact, Germany has put in place long term plans to phase out their plants.
Given the nuclear energy trends among major players as highlighted above even before Kenya launches its own nuclear power project, shouldn't the Government be considering focusing on other more affordable and safer sources of renewable energy? In any case, Kenya is already hailed as one of the notable producers of renewable energy such as wind power and geothermal power. There is a need to explore these at a higher scale because while they are not cheap to produce, nuclear energy may even prove more expensive and complicated to run due to the potential risks.
*This is article is an extract from an article by Dr. Kariuki Muigua, PhD, Muigua, K., "Exploring Alternative Sources of Energy in Kenya," Available at: http://kmco.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Exploring-Alternative-Exploring-Alternative-Sources-of-Energy-in-Kenya-Kariuki-Muigua-PhD.pdf, Dr. Kariuki Muigua is Kenya's foremost Environmental Law and Natural Resources Lawyer and Scholar, Sustainable Development Advocate and Conflict Management Expert. Dr. Kariuki Muigua is a Senior Lecturer of Environmental Law and Dispute resolution at the University of Nairobi School of Law and The Center for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy (CASELAP). He has published numerous books and articles on Environmental Law, Environmental Justice Conflict Management, Alternative Dispute Resolution and Sustainable Development. Dr. Muigua is also a Chartered Arbitrator, an Accredited Mediator, the Africa Trustee of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and the Managing Partner of Kariuki Muigua & Co. Advocates. Dr. Muigua is recognized as one of the leading lawyers and dispute resolution experts by the Chambers Global Guide 2021 and nominated as ADR Practitioner of the Year (Nairobi Legal Awards) 2021.
Bloomberg, 'Kenya on Course for $5 Billion Nuclear Plant to Power Industry,' https://www.bloom berg.com/news/articles/2020-08-04/kenya-on-course-for-5-billion-nuclear-plant-to-power-industry (4 August 2020) accessed 19 August 2020.
Bodansky, D., 'Nuclear Energy: Principles, Practices, and Prospects,' (CERN Document Server, 2008) https://cds.cern.ch/record/1109377 (accessed 19 August 2020).
Bukszpan, D., '11 Nuclear Meltdowns and Disasters' (CNBC, 16 March 2011) https://www.cnbc.com/ 2011/03/16/11-Nuclear-Meltdowns-and-Disasters.html (accessed 6 October 2020).
Gioia, A., "The 1997 Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and the 1997 Convention on Supplementary Compensation. Explanatory Texts." (2007): 5-99 < https://www. pub.iaea.org/MTCD/ Publications/PDF/P1768_web.pdf> accessed 8 September 2020.
International Atomic Energy Agency, 'Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Uses,' https://www.nti.org/ learn/treaties-and-regimes/international-atomic-energy-agency/ (accessed 6 October 2020).
International Atomic Energy Agency, "IAEA Reviews Progress of Kenya's Nuclear Infrastructure Development," Available at: https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-reviews-progress-of-kenyas-nuclear-infrastructure-development (accessed 14 November 2021).
Kawi, 'Background' (Ministry of Energy), Available at: https://energy.go.ke/?page_id=439 (accessed 28 September 2020).
Nuclear Regulatory Act, No. 29 of 2019, Laws of Kenya.
Owiro, D., G. Poquillon, K. S. Njonjo, and C. Oduor. "Situational analysis of energy industry, policy and strategy for Kenya." Institute of Economic Affairs (2015) < https://media.africaportal.org/ documents/Situational-Analysis-ofEnergy-Industry-Policy-and–Strategy-for-Kenya_1.pdf> (accessed 28 September 2020).
Republic of Kenya, National Energy Policy, October, < https://kplc.co.ke/img/full/BL4PdOqKtxFT _National %20Energy%20Policy%20October%20%202018.pdf > accessed 30 September 2020.
Strupczewski, A. "Accident risks in nuclear-power plants." Applied Energy 75 (2003): 79-86.
The Star, 'A Case for Nuclear Energy in Kenya,' https://www.the-star.co.ke/opinion/columnists/ 2019-04-05-a-case-for-nuclear-energy-in-kenya/(accessed 19 August 2020).
The Star, 'A Case for Nuclear Energy in Kenya,' Available at: https://www.the-star.co.ke/opinion/ columnists/2019-04-05-a-case-for-nuclear-energy-in-kenya/ (accessed 19 August 2020.)
Related Topics:Dr Kariuki Muigua PublicationDr. Kariuki MuiguaFeaturedNuclear EnergyPhD
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Basil Beattie had always been a respected painter of large canvases indebted to the ambition and liberation of post-war American painting; and he taught painting at Goldsmiths College throughout its most influential period in the I980s and 1990s. But it was only in the mid 1980s chat he broke away from the artistic pack into individual contention: since when he has gone from strength to strength. In 1986 he was an Athena Awards winner, and in 1989 he won 2nd prize at the John Moores; in 1998 he was runner-up for the Jerwood Painting Prize. But it was the shows at the Maak Gallery and Todd Gallery of paintings done between 1990 and 1993 which drove home the message - that here was a painter of disturbing power and appealing sensuality to challenge any International comparison. It was a moment marked by the alacrity with which the Tate Gallery, not before time, bought his work for the collection. Now that he has taken early retirement from teaching, an Indian summer looks set to commence.
There is a Guston story he particularly likes. Guston gave one of his paintings to his friend Morton Feldman, the composer. One day he visited Feldman in his office and saw the painting hanging on the Wall. 'You've still got the painting?' he said. 'Yeah.' replied Feldman, 'it's great.' They both stared at it for a while. 'The shape on the left is listening to the problems of the shape on the right,* Guston said.
He carries pocket-books to draw impromptu designs, sketches of finished paintings and for the fun of jotting titles, especially when travelling by train. 'I have a bank of titles and when it comes to naming a painting I see if there is one that makes a poetic connection.' Often three or more titles commend themselves. Loose Ends might have been Severing Links or furthermore; he dallied with Displaced and Either Or before deciding on Over and Above.
In the pub I asked about other influences. 'Writers?' - 'Kafka', he said, as if betraying a secret - and his childhood in Hartlepool. As a boy he used to suffer from bronchitis. He remembers the long nights fighting for breath, looking at the lapping reflection from the fire on the ceiling. There were two Windows in his bedroom. One looked east to the sea, the other inland to the West.


text:
package tv.savageboy74.savagetech.handler;

import gnu.trove.map.TMap;
import gnu.trove.map.hash.THashMap;
import net.minecraft.command.CommandBase;
import net.minecraft.command.CommandException;
import net.minecraft.command.CommandNotFoundException;
import net.minecraft.command.ICommandSender;
import net.minecraft.entity.player.EntityPlayer;
import net.minecraft.entity.player.EntityPlayerMP;
import net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer;
import net.minecraft.util.math.BlockPos;
import net.minecraftforge.fml.common.event.FMLServerStartingEvent;
import tv.savageboy74.savagetech.command.CommandHelp;
import tv.savageboy74.savagetech.command.CommandLevelSoulTool;
import tv.savageboy74.savagetech.command.ISubCommand;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

public class CommandHandler extends CommandBase
{
    public static CommandHandler instance = new CommandHandler();

    private static TMap<String, ISubCommand> commands = new THashMap<String, ISubCommand>();

    static {
        registerSubCommand(CommandHelp.instance);
        registerSubCommand(CommandLevelSoulTool.instance);
    }

    public static void initCommands(FMLServerStartingEvent event) {
        event.registerServerCommand(instance);
    }

    public static boolean registerSubCommand(ISubCommand subCommand) {
        if(!commands.containsKey(subCommand.getCommandName())) {
            commands.put(subCommand.getCommandName(), subCommand);
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    public static Set<String> getCommandList() {
        return commands.keySet();
    }

    public static int getCommandPermission(String command) {
        return getCommandExists(command) ? commands.get(command).getPermissionLevel() : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    }

    public static boolean getCommandExists(String command) {
        return commands.containsKey(command);
    }

    public static boolean canUseCommand(ICommandSender sender, int permission, String name) {
        return getCommandExists(name) && (sender.canCommandSenderUseCommand(permission, "savagetech " + name) || (sender instanceof EntityPlayerMP && permission <= 0));
    }

    @Override
    public int getRequiredPermissionLevel() {
        return -1;
    }

    @Override
    public String getCommandName() {
        return "savagetech";
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> getCommandAliases() {
        List<String> altName = new ArrayList<String>();

        altName.add("st2");

        return altName;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(MinecraftServer server, ICommandSender sender, String[] args) throws CommandException {
        if (args.length < 1) {
            args = new String[] { "help" };
        }

        ISubCommand command = commands.get(args[0]);

        if (command != null) {
            if (canUseCommand(sender, command.getPermissionLevel(), command.getCommandName())) {
                command.execute(server, sender, args);
                return;
            }

            throw new CommandException("commands.generic.permission");
        }

        throw new CommandNotFoundException("info.savagetech.command.notFound");
    }

    @Override
    public String getCommandUsage(ICommandSender sender) {
        return "/" + getCommandName() + " help";
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> getTabCompletionOptions(MinecraftServer server, ICommandSender sender, String[] args, BlockPos pos) {
        if (args.length == 1) {
            return getListOfStringsMatchingLastWord(args, commands.keySet());
        } else if (commands.containsKey(args[0])) {
            return commands.get(args[0]).getTabCompletionOptions(server, sender, args);
        }

        return null;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


How are you ? I am SFC(Retired) Jerry L. Gentry. Before the Gulf War(Desert Shield), I served with Delta Company 1-41. Then became part of the Intelligeance Section, S-2, in Battalion when we deployed the Saudi Arabia. We were stationed out of Garlstedt, West Germany. (Yes, There was an East and West Germany during the time of the 1st Gulf War). I gave numerious slide presentations of the Strengths/Weaknesses of the Soviet Military Power, to include Aircraft and Armored Vehicle recognition in the Post Theater in the months prior to the Gulf war. The Iraqi's were using Soviet Military Hardware.


Precise, accurate, professional and friendly filling and dispensing of prescription and non-prescription medications to retail customers and practitioners.
Lifting and carrying of up to 45 pounds, up to several times per shift, for a distance of up to 120 feet.
This position requires flexibility, regular attendance according to the work schedule stated in the offer letter and/or the Personnel Action Document, the understanding that position responsibilities may vary at times, the need to be receptive to additional responsibilities that may be reasonably assigned by the Supervisor and the knowledge that processes are subject to change per organizational growth.


Police said the man was driving eastbound in the 900 block of State Road around 2 a.m. when he crossed into the westbound lane before crossing back into the eastbound lane and hitting a parked car. His car turned over on impact, police said.
BRISTOL TOWNSHIP — A 27-year-old Middletown man was killed in car accident on State Road early Saturday morning.
The driver was pronounced dead at the scene by the Bucks County Medical Examiner. No one else was injured, police said.
The driver was not identified.
The Bucks County Rescue Squad, Croydon Fire Co. and the Bristol Township Fire Police responded to the accident along with township police.
Anyone with information is asked to call 267-812-2991.


text:
it changes everything about asymptomatic positives hospitalized. But it's yellow – Time
Turning around in the count of hospitalizations due to Covid in hospitals: accepting the requests of the Regions, the Ministry of Health issued a circular in which patients hospitalized for different causes but positive to Covid are excluded from the list of admissions and therefore from the relative calculation of the occupancy of beds in the medical area, one of the parameters that establishes the color of the Italian regions.
The circular signed by the Directorate General for Prevention and that for Health Planning, emphasizes that "the patient hospitalized for various causes who results positive for the test for Sars-Cov-2, but asymptomatic for Covid 19, if he is assigned in isolation to the department of the pathology for which hospitalization is required, although it is traced as a 'case', will not be counted among the hospitalizations of the Covid Medical Area, without prejudice to compliance with the principle of separation of paths and patient safety ". As of February 1, the ministry establishes, the bulletin will contain a new field, including "Covid patients hospitalized for various causes": until then, these will be listed in the general notes. The definition of the Covid case remains unchanged: positive hospitalized patients, regardless of symptoms, "must be traced as cases and communicated to existing surveillance systems".
But the Press Office of the Ministry of Health has denied the document that is circulating at the moment and which has been viewed by press agencies. "With regard to today's press rumors, it is stated that no formal act has been ordered at the moment by the Ministry of Health. Without prejudice to what was recognized yesterday by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, dialogue with the Regions is obviously always open »the text of the note.
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text:
package org.psjava.goods;

import org.psjava.ds.tree.trie.TrieFactory;
import org.psjava.ds.tree.trie.TrieFactoryUsingMap;

public class GoodTrieFactory {
    private static final TrieFactory INSTANCE = TrieFactoryUsingMap.create(GoodMutableMapFactory.getInstance());

    public static TrieFactory getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    private GoodTrieFactory() {
    }
}