text:
Q: How do I summarize only the rows that match certain criteria I'm learning R and this is my first question on stack overflow. Apreciate if someone can help me.
I'm trying to summarize only the rows based on values of a column. For example, I want to sum the values of groups "A" and "B" for each year in a new group  called "AB". I'm doing all data manipulation in dplyr, but couldnt think a way of doing this.
df <- data.frame (year  = c(2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2021, 2021, 2021, 2021, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022),
                  group = c("A", "B", "C", "D", "A", "B", "C", "D", "A", "B", "C", "D"),
                  value = c(10, 5, 8, 6, 12, 20, 17, 3, 6, 15, 12, 5)
                  )

 year group value
1  2020     A    10
2  2020     B     5
3  2020     C     8
4  2020     D     6
5  2021     A    12
6  2021     B    20
7  2021     C    17
8  2021     D     3
9  2022     A     6
10 2022     B    15
11 2022     C    12
12 2022     D     5

I want to do something like this.
  year group value
1 2020    AB    15
2 2020     C     8
3 2020     D     6
4 2021    AB    22
5 2021     C    17
6 2021     D     3
7 2022    AB    21
8 2022     C    12
9 2022     D     5

Thank you.

A: We may replace the 'A', 'B' with 'AB' and do a group by sum
library(dplyr)
df %>%
   group_by(year, group = replace(group, group %in% c("A", "B"), "AB")) %>%
   summarise(value = sum(value, na.rm = TRUE), .groups = 'drop')

-output
# A tibble: 9 × 3
   year group value
  <dbl> <chr> <dbl>
1  2020 AB       15
2  2020 C         8
3  2020 D         6
4  2021 AB       32
5  2021 C        17
6  2021 D         3
7  2022 AB       21
8  2022 C        12
9  2022 D         5

A: The best approach to doing this will depend on exactly what kind of summary statistics you're looking for. In your example you're just summing the value, which is easy: we can just change all those "A"s and "B"s into "AB"s and then summarize:
library(dplyr)
df <- data.frame (year  = c(2020, 2020, 2020, 2020, 2021, 2021, 2021, 2021, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022),
                  group = c("A", "B", "C", "D", "A", "B", "C", "D", "A", "B", "C", "D"),
                  value = c(10, 5, 8, 6, 12, 20, 17, 3, 6, 15, 12, 5)
                  )
df %>%
 mutate(group = case_when(group %in% c('A','B') ~ 'AB',
                          TRUE ~ group)) %>%
 group_by(year, group) %>%
 summarize(value = sum(value))

However, there are alternate statistics you might ask for where it might not work - for example, perhaps you want to get the average of all the As, and the average of the Bs, and then report the average of those two averages for AB. In that case you might be better off splitting thing up and row-binding them back together:
orig_groups <- df %>%
  filter(!(group %in% c('A','B'))) %>% # get the groups that don't need anything special
  group_by(year, group) %>%
  summarize(value = mean(value))

df %>%
  filter(group %in% c('A','B')) %>% # Get the groups to combine
  group_by(year, group) %>%
  summarize(value = mean(value)) %>% # Summarize as desired
  mutate(group = case_when(group %in% c('A','B') ~ 'AB',
                           TRUE ~ group)) %>% # Combine them
  group_by(year, group) %>%
  summarize(value = mean(value)) %>% # summarize as desired again
  bind_rows(orig_groups) # and bring back in the stuff that didn't need this


text:
No Charges Yet For Alleged Drunk-Driving SF Firefighter
DUI motorcycle SFFD by Bay City News | July 3, 2013 1:12 pm	| in Crime | 4
No charges will be filed yet against a San Francisco firefighter who was arrested on suspicion of DUI last weekend after a crash involving a motorcycle and the fire truck he was driving, a district attorney's office spokesman said today.
Prosecutors are not moving forward with a case against 43-year-old Michael Quinn for the time being, district attorney's spokesman Alex Bastian said.
Previously: Alleged Drunk-Driving SF Firefighter Had Recently Survived Hang Gliding Accident
The collision occurred about 11:30 p.m. Saturday at Fifth and Howard streets in the city's South of Market neighborhood, police said.
The motorcyclist suffered serious injuries but is expected to survive.
Quinn was later arrested and was booked into jail on suspicion of DUI and leaving the scene of a collision, according to police.
"At this point, the case is discharged pending further investigation," Bastian said this morning. "We are in communication with the San Francisco Police Department."
Fire officials said Quinn, who was placed on leave without pay, is a 23-year veteran of the department and worked at Station 1, located at 935 Folsom St.
Quinn has no disciplinary record and has two merit awards for his actions as a firefighter, said Tom O'Connor, president of San Francisco Firefighters Local 798, the union representing the city's firefighters.
The incident happened weeks after Quinn narrowly escaped serious injury in a hang-gliding accident off of San Francisco's Fort Funston.
Jason Bowen, a bystander who witnessed the incident, said Quinn's hang-glider fell apart and he dropped hundreds of feet into the water below.
A fisherman and two other good Samaritans on the beach helped rescue Quinn, who was tangled in the glider's wires.
Sheriff's spokeswoman Susan Fahey said Monday that Quinn had already been released from jail following his arrest.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This fox like fella is Geogie. He is approximately 2 years of age and is on the look out for his forever home and family.
Geogie loves to play with other dogs, he loves the attention he gets from humans and is looking for that special space to call his own. He is house trained, is doing well with his leash manners and loves to snuggle.
Geogie's adoption fee is $500. and includes his neuter, up to date vaccinations and micro chip.
If you are interested in meeting our foxy fella, please complete the adoption application. Once the application has been received and reviewed, a member of the team will be in touch to set up a meet and greet.


The Carter Cup is the 2nd oldest knock out cup that we play for and was first won in 1945. Like The Hammond Cup, it is limited to just 16 players. There is a qualifying competition in order to gain entry, being the Alec Franks Medal played in June, where the top 15 best nett scores join the defending Carter Cup champion in a singles match play knock out.
Draw details and current results can be found on Master Scoreboard and in the Gents changing room.


text:
U.S. SENIOR AMATEUR
Military Discipline Serves Bullit Bob Well September 9, 2011 By Christina Lance, USGA
With a cherry-red Patriot Golf Day cap atop his head and a faded Air Force headcover in his golf bag, it is clear to everyone at Kinloch Golf Club that Bob Coleman is a military man.
A 1966 graduate of The Citadel, the prestigious military college in Charleston, S.C., Coleman saw 28 years of service in the United States Air Force, including three tours of combat deployment in Vietnam and Turkey, nearly 1,000 hours of combat flight and time in 15 different fighter aircraft. A retired USAF colonel since 1994, he was also able to put his military experience to good use in his other life-long love – the game of golf.
(Golf) just gets the adrenaline going, said Coleman, a 66-year-old first-time competitor from The Villages, Fla. It's kind of like flying.
Coleman was able to marry his two loves right from the start. While at The Citadel, he played golf for four years and was a member of the 1963-64 squad that captured the Southern Conference Championship. He was even named Golfer of the Year at his alma mater in 1965.
However, Coleman's college experience went far beyond today's definition of a student-athlete.
It molds character, said Coleman of his time at The Citadel. I think if I would have gone to a civilian college, I probably would not have had the structure and the leadership and the guidance that I needed at that time. It did wonders.
Coleman took that character and put it to use as a career military officer. Upon graduation, Coleman went into active duty with USAF and, like so many other young men in the late 1960s, was almost immediately deployed overseas.
Three wartime deployments sent him to Da Nang Air Base and Tuy Hoa Air Base during the Vietnam War, and Incirlik Air Base in Adana, Turkey, during the Gulf War. His call sign of Bullit was attributed to his expert marksmanship. It's a nickname he uses to this day.
Coleman's first tour in Vietnam also brought what he considers a unique experience among his fellow military personnel – learning of the birth of his oldest son, Rob.
I had just finished my last bombing run, said Coleman, and we had safetied up and were talking to the forward air controller, and he said, 'Oh, by the way, you're a new dad!' And I said, 'Oops!'
I'm lucky I didn't crash, because you can't imagine what that feels like.
Though he was never able to pick up his golf clubs while stationed overseas, Coleman did his best to keep his game up during his time at home in the States, when he was able to get in a round a week – two, if he was lucky. He accumulated 13 club championships at eight different Air Force bases, including three victories at Langley Air Force Base in Hampton, Va., and two at England Air Force Base in Alexandria, La.
Since his 1994 retirement, Coleman has enjoyed much more time on the golf course. He has captured several club championships in Florida and Alabama, is a regular on Florida's senior golf circuit and has teamed with his sons, Rob and Greg, in several father-son tournaments.
However, it's the mental challenge he faces each time he walks onto the course that keeps this military lifer in love with the game.
If you have a basic golf swing, which I think I have, it's mostly between the ears, how much you want to do it, said Coleman. That's why golf is so great – it's a character builder.
Christina Lance is a coordinator of championship communications for the USGA. Email questions or comments to clance@usga.org.


Once you have written your paper, you will need to ensure that you also write the definition of terms, because this is one of the most important ways of at least getting to ease the work of the reader. The following points should guide you on how to proceed.
Always make sure that only the terms, words, or expressions which have extraordinary or novel implications in the study are characterized. A good example would be defining non-teaching facilities to be a representation of the facilities other than those which are used in teaching, which would mean stuff like bathrooms, toilets, electrical appliances and so forth.
Terms ought to be characterized operationally, that is the means by which they are utilized as a part of the study. Case in point, a study is made about an early marriage. What is implied by early marriage? To make the significance clear, early marriage may be characterized as one in which the contracting individuals to the union are both underage, to be precise, under the age of 18.
As a writer you may create your own definition from the attributes of the terms characterized. Along these lines, a place of light materials may be characterized as one with bamboo or little wooden posts. This is likewise an operational definition.
Definitions may be borrowed from reference books, books, magazines and daily news articles, lexicons, and different productions yet as the author, you must recognize your sources. Definitions taken from distributed materials are called applied or hypothetical definitions, and these must be cited as appropriate. When you are writing the definitions, you need to make sure that they are as clear and unequivocal as could be expected under the circumstances. Do not leave anything to imagination because this allows the reader to come up with their own iterations of the meanings in your paper.
In the event that you have acronyms in the paper, make sure that they are perfectly spelled out, so that you do not have to worry about the meanings, or give the reader the impression that there is something that you are missing out on.
Always remember that the person who is going to read your paper is probably reading it for the first time, and assume that they do not know you, and you do not know them either.


My research interests have been quite varied, and included studying human time perception, as well as video modeling interventions with children with developmental disabilities. Most recently, my research has been centered on taking a behavioral approach to understanding the implications of performance feedback in promoting behavioral change. Currently, my professional focus is on teaching and service to the department and university.


Image Title: Six Great Kitchen Window Covering Ideas Within Shades Idea 19. Filename: six-great-kitchen-window-covering-ideas-within-shades-idea-19.png. Image Dimension: 610 x 500 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Charles Corkery. Uploaded Date: Friday - May 11th. 2018 13:23:38 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: architecture.com.
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text:
By: H. G. Wells
Narrated by: Blair Mellow
Series: The War of the Worlds, Book 1
By: H G Wells
Narrated by: Alan Weyman
If you had discovered a way to become invisible, would it bring you tremendous power? Or tremendous problems?
The Island of Dr. Moreau
Written by H.G. Wells, the great visionary author, this legendary novel is both timeless and thought provoking. Listeners will thrill to this chilling masterpiece as man boldly takes evolution into his own hands for the first time. Dr. Moreau, a scientist expelled from his homeland for his cruel experiments, continues his transplantations on a small South Pacific island, creating hideous creatures with manlike intelligence.
By David Thomas on 01-19-15
By: H.G. Wells
Narrated by: John Banks
When a Victorian scientist propels himself into the year 802,701 AD, he is initially delighted to find that suffering has been replaced by beauty, contentment and peace. Entranced at first by the Eloi, an elfin species descended from man, he soon realises that this beautiful people are simply remnants of a once-great culture - now weak and childishly afraid of the dark. But they have every reason to be afraid: in deep tunnels beneath their paradise lurks another race descended from humanity - the sinister Morlocks.
By: Arthur Conan Doyle
Narrated by: Glen McCready
Here is the precursor to Jurassic Park. Victorian explorers have heard there is a remote plateau where dinosaurs still survive, and a group set outs on a dangerous mission to find out more about it.
Wit and Drama
By Simon Fraser on 07-26-09
By: Robert Louis Stevenson
Narrated by: Illia Vasilets
A mysterious map, pirates, and pieces of eight! When young Jim Hawkins finds a map to pirates' gold, he starts on an adventure that takes him from his English village to a desert island with the murderous Black Dog, half-mad Ben Gunn, and (of course) Long John Silver. Arrr Jim lad!
Didn't finish
By Andrea R. Zabcik on 05-11-18
By: Jules Verne
Narrated by: Arte Johnson
Phileas Fogg, a British gentleman of independent means, bets his companions that he can travel around the entire world in just 80 days. He is determined not to lose the bet, no matter what obstacles arise - and they do arise!
An amazing story!
By Joseph C Guisinger on 06-01-16
Sherlock Holmes. The Ultimate Collection
Narrated by: Kyle Hayes
Arthur Conan Doyle's master criminologist Sherlock Holmes continues to delight readers around the world more than a century after he first appeared in print (in 1887's "A Study in Scarlet"). The digital age has only increased his popularity: amid the onslaught of contemporary crime fiction there is something reassuring about the classic one volume set of the complete Sherlock Holmes.
This is My Recording!!!
By David C. on 03-11-19
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Narrated by: Kevin Killavey
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote many wonderful romantic and realistic short stories and a few incredible "on the edge" fantasy and supernatural stories. Although the story of "Benjamin Button" is quite different than the 2009 movie, the premise is the same - a man is born old and lives his life backwards! Fizgerald says he got the idea from Mark Twain's remark that it was a pity that the best part of life came at the beginning and the worst part at the end.
By Edward on 04-01-09
The First Men in the Moon
Narrated by: Greg Wagland
The First Men in the Moon, published in 1901, is the gripping tale of man's first journey to the moon, undertaken by one Mr. Bedford, a bankrupt businessman; and the eccentric scientist Mr. Cavor. Here they discover a sophisticated civilization, dominated by an insectlike race they call the Selenites. It is exciting, funny, profound and tragic by turns: a beautifully written scientific romance, in fact. It is read by Greg Wagland.
After escaping from the dark and dismal workhouse where he was born, Oliver finds himself on the mean streets of Victorian-era London and is unwittingly recruited into a scabrous gang of scheming urchins. In this band of petty thieves, Oliver encounters the extraordinary and vibrant characters who have captured audiences' imaginations for more than 150 years.
Amazing narration!
Narrated by: James Adams
On a freezing February day, a stranger emerges from out of the gray to request a room at a local provincial inn. Who is this out-of-season traveler? More confounding is the thick mask of bandages obscuring his face. Why does he disguise himself in this manner and keep himself hidden away in his room? Aroused by trepidation and curiosity, the local villagers bring it upon themselves to find the answers.
Way ahead of its time!
By Brian on 06-06-13
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
Narrated by: Alan Munro
A mysterious sea monster, theorized by some to be a giant narwhal, is sighted by ships of several nations; an ocean liner is also damaged by the creature. The United States government finally assembles an expedition to track down and destroy the menace. Professor Pierre Aronnax, a noted French marine biologist and narrator of the story, master harpoonist Ned Land, and Aronnax's faithful assistant Conseil join the expedition.
The Deadpan of Alan Munro
Narrated by: Michael Scott
"Around the World in 80 Days" is an entertaining and light story about Phileas Fogg, a wealthy bachelor who makes a wager with a friend at his club regarding how long it would take for a person to circumnavigate the globe. Not wanting to lose his bet, he immediately embarks on a trip around the world with his valet Passepartout. Follow along on their extravagant adventure on a number of fascinating transportation modes that must be fully completed within 80 days or the bet is lost.
The most terrible narration I've heard
By R MORGAN on 11-13-18
The Ghost Pirates
By: William Hope Hodgson
Narrated by: Luke Cardy
"The Ghost Pirates" is a powerful account of a doomed and haunted ship on its last voyage, and of the terrible sea-devils (of quasi-human aspect, and perhaps the spirits of bygone buccaneers) that besiege it and finally drag it down to an unknown fate. With its command of maritime knowledge, and its clever selection of hints and incidents suggestive of latent horrors in nature, this book at times reaches enviable peaks of power.
Enjoyable old style yarn!!
By C J on 04-09-19
Horror Classics Collection
By: Ambrose Bierce, Algernon Blackwood, Arthur Conan Doyle, and others
Narrated by: Daniel Duffy, Josh Ryan, Luke Cardy, and others
This book contains the following works arranged alphabetically by authors last names: The Mysterious Mansion [Honoré de Balzac], The Tomb of Heiri [Arthur Christopher Benson], Chickamauga [Ambrose Bierce], An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge [Ambrose Bierce], The Death of Halpin Frayser [Ambrose Bierce], A Halloween Wraith [William Black], The Goblin's Collection [Algernon Blackwood], The Wood of the Dead [Algernon Blackwood], Let Loose [Mary Cholmondeley], The Horror of the Heights [Arthur Conan Doyle], The Lift [Arthur Conan Doyle].
Not a good reader.
By Katze on 03-01-19
The Story of Dr. Dolittle
By: Hugh Lofting
Narrated by: David Case
No one loves and understands animals like the eccentric 19th-century physician Dr. Dolittle, who masters animal language with the help of Polynesia the parrot. After his human patients desert him, the kind-hearted doctor finds his calling in practicing animal medicine, and his fame spreads far and wide. When a terrible epidemic breaks out among monkeys in Africa, Dr. Dolittle sets out to save them, accompanied by some of his favorite pets.
Ruined by a dreadful narrator
By Ted on 04-28-14
The modern audience hasn't had a chance to truly appreciate the unknowing dread that readers would have felt when reading Bram Stoker's original 1897 manuscript. Most modern productions employ campiness or sound effects to try to bring back that gothic tension, but we've tried something different. By returning to Stoker's original storytelling structure - a series of letters and journal entries voiced by Jonathan Harker, Dr. Van Helsing, and other characters - with an all-star cast of narrators, we've sought to recapture its originally intended horror and power.
"Call of the Wild" is the story of Buck, a magnificent dog who is stolen from his idyllic life and sold for use on a Yukon dogsled team. His travels are not only of a physical nature, as he learns hard discipline from men who must discipline their dog teams, but his own journey back to his primordial roots in the frozen tundra - the roots of wolf. This amazing story of transformation is beautifully written and provides a glimpse of the hard life in the Yukon Territory during the 1900s.
Classic story from the perspective of the dog
By Thor-Rune on 03-31-19
It is an INVASION! H. G. Wells' classic story of Martians invading an unsuspecting and unprepared world continues to thrill and terrify listeners around the world. Following strange explosions on the surface of Mars, metallic cylinders crash in the English countryside - objects that carry hideous aliens possessed of deadly weapons and a rabid hunger for human flesh. No army can stop these monstrous hordes, no weapons can harm them - a terrified humanity watches helpless as cities are reduced to cinders and ash. There is no hope...here is no future...our world is lost - unlessa?S
Public Domain (P)2006 PC Treasures, Inc.
Three Billy Goats Gruff
The Princess and the Pea and Other Children's Favorites
I raised my hands muttering "Yes!"
This was my second listening by H.G. Wells after The Time machine and boy. . . this one didn't let me down either.
The narration of this book was different in the way it was very emotional, dramatic and they even used music to add to the experience. For me, it just hit every right spot. I actually cheered and raised my hands muttering "Yes!" at one part of the book (you'll know when it happens), much to the surprise of my fellow co-workers (the poor things only listen to the radio or music. . . such a waste of time).
But anyways, I found both the story and the narration to be just the right thing for me. This book was six hours of great emotions as I at times cheered or grieved the fate of man but also the story gave me many things to ponder afterwards about humanity and its place in the world.
If I would usually wear a hat (like a good english tophat), I would now take it off in token of appreciations for the master of fiction. . . H.G. Wells.
Truly a good listening.
Mrs Eastwood
Hilarious but becoming really annoying!
If you can't get enough of Harry Enfield and his spoof adverts this is the listen for you. Where this reader got his pronounciation is a complete mystery. Initially it is very funny and then, becoming tired of trying to work out that "marse" means "mass", "warrl" means "wall" and "fallowed" is "followed" etc. etc. it became increasingly irritating. This may be an attempt at pure BBC English as it used to be. However, it goes so far over the top that one wonders if it is a joke. A poor choice of a version of this classic on my part!


The Web Ontology Language (OWL) has gained considerable acceptance over the past decade. Building on prior work in Description Logics, OWL has sufficient expressivity to be useful in many modeling applications. However, its various serializations do not seem intuitive to subject matter experts in many domains of interest to GE. Consequently, we have developed a controlled-English language and development environment that attempts to make OWL plus rules more accessible to those with knowledge to share but limited interest in studying formal representations. The result is the Semantic Application Design Language (SADL). This talk will review the foundational underpinnings of OWL and introduce the SADL constructs meant to capture, validate, and maintain semantic models over their lifecycle.
Dr. Crapo has been part of GE's Global Research staff for over 35 years. As an Information Scientist he has built performance and diagnostic models of mechanical, chemical, and electrical systems, and has specialized in human-computer interfaces, decision support systems, machine reasoning and learning, and semantic representation and modeling. His work has included a graphical expert system language (GEN-X), a graphical environment for procedural programming (Fuselet Development Environment), and a semantic-model-driven user-interface for decision support systems (ACUITy). Most recently Andy has been active in developing the Semantic Application Design Language (SADL), enabling GE to leverage worldwide advances and emerging standards in semantic technology and bring them to bear on diverse problems from equipment maintenance optimization to information security.


text:
Q: Web Push Notification: How to use Web Push PHP Library? I Want to add Web Notification to my website. I searched on Google and found some tutorials about it. As described in these tutorials I manage to show subscription box to the visitors and I can store their data also.
Main.js
'use strict';

const applicationServerPublicKey = 'BBw_opB12mBhg66Dc94m7pOlTTHb5oqFAafbhN-BNeazWk8woAcSeHdgbmQaroCYssUkqFfoHqEJyCKw';

const pushButton = document.querySelector('.js-push-btn');

let isSubscribed = false;
let swRegistration = null;

function urlB64ToUint8Array(base64String) {
  const padding = '='.repeat((4 - base64String.length % 4) % 4);
  const base64 = (base64String + padding)
    .replace(/\-/g, '+')
    .replace(/_/g, '/');

  const rawData = window.atob(base64);
  const outputArray = new Uint8Array(rawData.length);

  for (let i = 0; i < rawData.length; ++i) {
    outputArray[i] = rawData.charCodeAt(i);
  }
  return outputArray;
}

if ('serviceWorker' in navigator && 'PushManager' in window) {
  console.log('Service Worker and Push is supported');

  navigator.serviceWorker.register('sw.js')
  .then(function(swReg) {
    console.log('Service Worker is registered', swReg);

    swRegistration = swReg;
  })
  .catch(function(error) {
    console.error('Service Worker Error', error);
  });
} else {
  console.warn('Push messaging is not supported');
  pushButton.textContent = 'Push Not Supported';
}

function initialiseUI() {
  // Set the initial subscription value
  swRegistration.pushManager.getSubscription()
  .then(function(subscription) {
    isSubscribed = !(subscription === null);

    if (isSubscribed) {
      console.log('User IS subscribed.');
    } else {
      console.log('User is NOT subscribed.');
    }

    updateBtn();
  });
}

function updateBtn() {
  if (isSubscribed) {
    pushButton.textContent = 'Disable Push Messaging';
  } else {
    pushButton.textContent = 'Enable Push Messaging';
  }

  pushButton.disabled = false;
}

sw.js
'use strict';

self.addEventListener('push', function(event) {
  console.log('[Service Worker] Push Received.');
  console.log(`[Service Worker] Push had this data: "${event.data.text()}"`);

  const title = 'Motoroids Lab';
  const options = {
    body: 'Motoroids',
    icon: 'images/icon.png',
    badge: 'images/badge.png'
  };

  event.waitUntil(self.registration.showNotification(title, options));
});

self.addEventListener('notificationclick', function(event) {
  console.log('[Service Worker] Notification click Received.');

  event.notification.close();

  event.waitUntil(
    clients.openWindow('https://developers.google.com/web/')
  );
});

But now I'm stuck. No matter how much I am trying, It's hard to understand how to send push messages from my server :(
I enabled SSL on my server. I installed PHP Web Push library and its dependencies on the server using composer require minishlink/web-push command.
But what's next? I can't understand their documentation also. https://github.com/web-push-libs/web-push-php
I need some help here. Please help me to understand how it works and how to it.
Thank You

A: Take a look at https://web-push-book.gauntface.com/ for a general introduction to Web Push. The Chapter How Push Works and Subscribing a User should be particularly interesting to you. In summary:

*

*At the client side you need to create a subscription by calling pushManager.subscribe. More info here.

*You should send this subscription to your server. For example, make an AJAX request to send the subscription (endpoint, keys.p256dh, keys.auth) to the server. More info here.

*On the server you send a push message using the PHP Web Push library. First, you need to configure this library with your keypair. Then, you need to use the subscription (endpoint, keys.p256dh, keys.auth) to send a push message. More info here.

A: you have to add this code to your project https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/getting-started/codelabs/push-notifications/ sometimes you will have to add code to parts that you have already created

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This entry was posted on November 23, 2008 at 4:12 am and is filed under Pinoy Fear Factor: My Blog Update with tags 5th stunt, Cerebros Y Ojos De Ovejas, Ika-limang Hamon, PFF, Pinoy Fear Factor.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
HI RYAN I'M ROXANNE I'M FROM NORTHERN MARIANAS ISLANDS HERE AT TINIAN IM ONLY 12 YEARS OLD IM FULL FILIPINO. BESIDES THAT I AM YOUR BIGGEST FAN EVERY NIGHT ME AND MY FAMILY ALWAYS WATCH YOUR SHOW THE PINOY FEAR FACTOR AND HERE PINOY FEAR FACTOR IS #1.


text:
Beyond the Stars
Mitchbal Records (inc. a minimix)
In the long history of house there are few labels whose records as hard or expensive to obtain as those put out by the small but hugely influential Mitchbal Records.
An obscure independent label hailing from 300 W. North Aveneue, Chicago, it originally acted as a vehicle for soul 7"s produced by Nemiah Mitchell Jr (Mitch) and David Baldwin (Bal) in the early 80s. However, unbeknown to Nemiah, there was a severe dose of right time, right place waiting just around the corner.
Nemaih had a son, a son called Vince Lawrence, who along with his good friend and aspiring DJ Jesse Saunders, was fully immersed in the underground disco scene in Chicago at that time, dancing the night away to Frankie Knuckles at the Warehouse or Powerplant, and Ron Hardy's Music Box where the style of music being played was getting coined, by local record shops, 'house' after the Warehouse.
At the time this was a style rather than a genre, taking in all sorts of sounds - tracky edits, druggy disco, Italo imports, new wave oddities and classics from New York and Philadelphia. But this was all about change with the release of a handful of records.
Legend has it that the first proper 'house' record ever released on vinyl was Jesse's 1984 remake of Mach's disco medley/mash up 'On and On', a record co-penned by Vince and possibly even funded by his Dad, Nemiah. But around the same time Vince and his father did release their first Mitchbal house effort, 'Fast Cars' under the name Z-Factor.
The actual date of release is a bit of a mystery. The label says 1983, which would make it the first ever house record, but as 'On and On' is universally acclaimed as setting this milestone in 1984, there might have been a little bit of foul play to try a steal that accolade when the labels went to print! We'll probably never know but the record itself is a bit of an odd one. The A-side has a truly awful spoken word, vocal about having sex in Ferraris and is best avoided, but the SFX Mix on flip comes on like Chicago style blueprint for Visnadi's 'Racing Tracks' . In recent years it's been championed on CBS (I-F's internet radio station) and the, somewhat inevitably, bootlegged as part of the Automan series.
This release was promptly followed up by 'Fantasy', which was produced in partnership with Jesse Saunders, and had a real Italo feel to it, appropriated the bass line Vince and Jesse used for 'On and On' (if it ain't broke!). However, it too was marred by another dreadful vocal, so head straight to the instrumental mix.
Before 1984 was out, Nemiah, Vince and Jesse had also released 'The DJ' and the so rare it's almost mythical, Z-Factor 'Dance Party LP', which featured all of the tracks mentioned above 3 more.
The following year 'The DJ' was remixed into 'I'm the DJ' and in the shape of the 'Jazzy mix', which again ditched the dodgy vocal, a more mature sound, more readily recognisable as house as we know it today emerged.
Save for a couple of lame efforts by McGhee (who?) and Mr Lee, no more house really appeared on Mitchbal after 1985, although the label's offshoot, 'Chicago Connection', went on to release the all-time house classic 'Shake Your Body' by Jeanette Thomas and Frankie Knuckles' corking cover of Omni's disco bomb 'It's Out of Our Hands', under the name Unfinished Business, before that too signalled its departure from the scene with another rubbish Mr Lee release.
Vince went on to team up with Adonis and form Trax's house supergroup Virgo, Jesse went on to tell everyone who would listen he invented house music, and Nemiah still produces his music (God knows what it sounds like though).
If you want to hear these Mitchbal records to today, you have a small number of choices. You can pick up the repressed Dance Party LP (available via discogs), you can weigh out between £50-£100 a shot for the 12"s, or take the easy option, and listen to this mini-mix I've done of the 12"s of Fantasy, Fast Cars, and I'm the DJ.
Just hit 'play' below - and don't say I don't look after you!
Mitchbal Mini Mini Mix by Miles Simpson on Mixcloud
Posted by Miles at 01:07
Labels: Chicago, Frankie Knuckles, house music, Jesse Saunders, Mitchbal, Ron Hardy, Vince Lawrence, Z-Factor
placid said...
nice little piece.. never really been into the real early stuff... (the truly horrendous vocals always put me off) but ill check the instrumental versions....and add them to my list of unaffordable wants.
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The first of a series of regular (monthly) evening doo-dahs for you to meet other interesting people and maybe show off some creative work you've been doing or your favourite party-pieces – sing a song, read your poetry, tell us a story through interpretive dance. Or sit at the side and enjoy.
We're under the hardware shop next to Cafe del Marsh. Come to the Red Door in Tansell St and if the door ain't open, press the bottom buzzer marked "Inside the Edit" – when you hear the door unlock, come down to the basement.
If you can't come along, do think about throwing some money in the pot to keep the Tuttle flag flying.
OK, so the sun actually sets at 8.15pm in London that evening so it won't be dark dark until after you leave, but we're in a basement with only the smallest window and we'll have low lighting so it will *feel dark – and this is just the first – until December, things can only get darker!


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stories filed under: "angela merkel"
Irony: German Chancellor Merkel Upset At Twitter For Banning Trump; Meanwhile Germany Demands Social Media Blocks Dangerous Content
Say That Again
from the square-the-circle dept
Tue, Jan 12th 2021 12:16pm — Mike Masnick
Lots of folks are reporting on the news that German Chancellor Angela Merkel has now said that she finds Twitter's decision to ban Donald Trump "problematic."
German Chancellor Angela Merkel blasted Twitter's decision to ban U.S. President Donald Trump.
"The right to freedom of opinion is of fundamental importance," Steffen Seibert, Merkel's chief spokesman, told reporters in Berlin on Monday, according to Reuters.
"Given that, the chancellor considers it problematic that the president's accounts have been permanently suspended."
Of course, this totally leaves out the fact that Germany is among the countries leading the charge in forcing internet companies to remove "dangerous" or "terrorist" content. I mean, it was only three years ago when the infamous NetzDG law went into effect, giving social media companies 24 hours to remove "obviously illegal" content, with threats of fines up to €5 million for employees of these companies if they magically fail to delete such content.
As we've pointed out, this is an impossible standard to meet, and it's likely to get worse. The law has been a total dumpster fire with websites rushing to remove all sorts of content (including criticism of Angela Merkel...), to avoid facing penalties under the law.
On top of this, Germany has been among those pushing for new rules, such as the Terrorist Content Regulation that would give companies only an hour to remove "terrorist content."
So it seems a bit rich for Merkel to now whine when Twitter shuts down Trump's account. Of course, I've heard two semi-defenses of Merkel's statement here. The first is that she's distinguishing between removing specific tweets and shutting down the full account. And the second is that in the EU, they distrust corporate power, but are more trusting of government power. So they're okay if the government decides to block certain content, but not comfortable with companies doing the same.
Indeed, the next part of Merkels' statement seems to highlight that both of those claims explain this weird cognitive dissonance:
Seibert said that, while Twitter was right to flag Trump's inaccurate tweets about the 2020 U.S. election, banning his account altogether was a step too far. He added that governments, not private companies, should decide on any limitations to freedom of speech.
But... that doesn't hold up to any amount of serious scrutiny at all. After all, even if it is the government that passed the NetzDG law, and is working on other laws like the Digital Services Act and the Terrorist Content Regulation, every one of those laws then basically hands off the decision making to those companies. They never pick and choose which content is bad, they just tell the companies that if they mess up, they may face huge fines and/or criminal prosecution. That leads to massive over-censorship.
Indeed, it creates such a liability for companies that they will frequently overblock to avoid that liability. It's just not worth it.
So, the whole thing is ridiculous. It's yet another version of the "nerd harder" response from politicians, claiming that this kind of blocking is a bridge too far, but that other kind of blocking is fine, and if you mess it up in either direction (blocking too much or too little) you'll get in trouble.
This is what's so frustrating in all of this. People who have no idea how all of this works seem to expect that there's some magic way to do the perfectly correct amount of moderation. They're wrong. There's always, always, always, going to be disagreements about the proper amount of moderation, and Merkel's been part of the problem in pressuring companies to take down too much. It's quite ridiculous for her now to complain that companies are doing what she and her government have been demanding all along.
Filed Under: angela merkel, content moderation, donald trump, eu, germany, netzdg
Companies: twitter
Germany's CDU, Angela Merkel's Party Of Fuddy-Duddies, Decides To Join The Cool Kids: Backs Open Standards, Open Source, Open Data, Open APIs -- Open Everything
from the it's-groovy,-man dept
Wed, Nov 27th 2019 3:40am — Glyn Moody
The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) of Germany is Angela Merkel's party. She led it for 18 years before resigning last year as leader, but remaining as Chancellor of Germany until 2021. It is a party that has often held the reins of power in Germany, but has seen a steady decline in membership over the last 30 years. From a peak of nearly 800,000 in 1990, it is now down to around half that. According to figures on Wikipedia, in 2012, the members' average age was 59 years, and 6% of the Christian Democrats were under 30 years old. In other words, it is German's party of old fuddy-duddies. Against that historical background, the following passage from its "Digital Charter", agreed during its recent party conference, is noteworthy (original in German pdf):
The open and jointly developed standards of the Internet and open interfaces are the principles from which we advance the digitisation of Germany. It is only through openness that competition can be created; only through openness can new players in competition challenge the top dogs. This is why the following will apply to all (public) digitisation projects in Germany in the future: the awarding of contracts and funding will be subject to compliance with the principles of open source and open standards. Software financed by public funds should serve all citizens. In addition, free and open APIs should facilitate access for independent developments.
That's an impressive hit-rate for the "opens": openness, open interfaces, open source, open standards. Also thrown in for good measure is the idea that publicly-funded code should be available to everyone -- presumably as open source. Elsewhere in the document, the Digital Charter speaks approvingly of open data and open educational resources (OER), and promises to create an "open public repository" of re-usable digital components. On the downside, the document also includes the usual platitudes about blockchains, AI, 5G and "smart cities", as well as rolling out tired buzzwords such as "agility", "sandboxing" and "decentralization".
Nonetheless, the emphasis on openness in all its forms is striking and thoroughgoing. The Digital Charter may not commit the party to doing anything concrete very soon. But it's a clear and welcome sign that openness has entered the mainstream to such an extent that even the fuddy-duddies get it.
Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter, Diaspora, or Mastodon.
Filed Under: angela merkel, cdu, germany, open, open interfaces, open source, open standards
Techdirt's Readers Kept This German Comedian Out Of Prison
from the trolling-Gollum dept
Wed, Feb 22nd 2017 1:20pm — David Meyer Lindenberg
[The following post was contributed by Fault Lines (a Scott Greenfield/Lee Pachia joint) columnist David Meyer Lindenberg, a self-described "wannabe 1-L" and actual German. The last fact explains his in-depth knowledge of German speech laws, which Mike Masnick has graciously allowed him to dump all over Techdirt's pages. Enjoy! {And possibly NSFW around the middle-ish.}]
Remember Jan Böhmermann? The guy who caused a major diplomatic spat back in April when he read out a satirical poem about Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the notoriously thin-skinned Turkish president, on a German comedy show?
Usually, what happens on Central European state-run TV stays on Central European state-run TV. Not this time. "Erdogate" went massively viral: there were protests in the streets of Istanbul. Techdirt covered it at length. Even a guy named John Oliver did a segment on it.
Now Erdogate's back in the news, with a number of media outlets reporting that a German court just permanently enjoined Böhmermann from reciting his own poem. Sucks for him, right? Actually, no. Bad as it is, things are usually a hell of a lot worse for people in his position.
First, a little historical context. Böhmermann's poem came at an inopportune time for the German government, which relies on Turkey to help stem the flow of Syrian refugees into Europe. And Erdogan, the Turkish strongman who was himself imprisoned in 1997 for reading a political poem out loud, is exactly the kind of guy to endanger a bilateral agreement over his hurt feelz.
These feelz of his are very sensitive, indeed. For example, he doesn't like it when you compare him to Gollum. (There are some alleged similarities between the two.) If you're a Turk and ask him to guess what you've got in your pocketses, he'll have you convicted of a crime. On the other hand, if you're fortunate enough to live somewhere with freedom of speech, the worst he can do is block you on Twitter.
What if you live in a foreign country that nevertheless has archaic, repressive speech laws? As a lot of surprised Germans found out in mid-April, it may mean Erdogan and other delicately minded people can reach out to your government and get it to punish you for them.
On or around April 15, German prosecutors indicted Böhmermann on a count of insulting a foreign head of state, a felony punishable by up to three years in prison under Article 103 of the federal criminal code. Erdogan also sued -- something he does a lot -- and in May, a Hamburg court issued a preliminary injunction blocking Böhmermann from saying the poem out loud.
Of course, that just had the effect of Streisanding the comedian and his poem into the stratosphere. I wasn't totally happy with the non-rhyming translation floating around the web, so I came up with one of my own.
That Erdogan, the President's,
a dumb, repressed, repressive gent.
He reeks of bad kebab. Your nose
will think a pig's fart was a rose
once you've inhaled his scent. He beats
up helpless women in the streets
behind a mask. He gets his kicks
from fucking goats and watching flicks
of child abuse. Christians and Kurds
are made to lick his fetid turds.
Instead of sleep, it's his delight
to blow a hundred sheep a night.
Compared to theirs, the President's cock
is limp and floppy as a sock.
As any Turk will tell you, "Yup,
his tiny nuts are shriveled up."
From Istanbul to Ankara town,
the guy's a fag of great renown,
a lousy perv, a devotee
of vilest bestiality.
He forces women to his bed,
his balls as empty as his head.
No bunga-bunga party can
be called complete without the man:
his lust for sex is quite unique.
He fucks 'til, when he takes a leak,
his penis burns like phlogiston.
That's Recep Tayyip Erdogan,
the Turkish President.
Fast forward to this year. On February 10, the Hamburg court ruled in Erdogan's favor, making the preliminary injunction permanent and ordering Böhmermann to pay $2000 in legal fees. Bad? Yes. Illiberal? Totally. Anywhere near as bad as it would've been if the Streisand effect hadn't made Böhmermann famous? No. To understand why, we need to understand how insult prosecutions work in Germany.
Something that attracted a lot of attention during the Erdogate coverage was Merkel's promise to repeal Article 103 as soon as Böhmermann's case was resolved. The law came in for its share of criticism, including at Techdirt. And rightly so. Laws that criminalize making fun of heads of state are an undemocratic throwback to lèse-majesté, the idea that it's wrong to offend the king. What's more, the German government has a long, sad history of using Article 103 to silence people who criticize foreign despots like the Shah of Iran and Chile's Augusto Pinochet.
While people's attention was focused on the absurdities of German law, the actual case against Böhmermann died a slow death. On October 4, prosecutors in Mainz announced they were dismissing the charges, allegedly because they didn't think they could prove the poem was a criminal insult.1 This cleared the way for Merkel to make good on her promise, and in January, the German cabinet announced it was going to follow through and scrap Article 103.
To be sure, it all looks incredibly reform-y. Erdogan got his ass kissed, Böhmermann got away by the seat of his pants and people get to applaud the government for championing free speech. But appearances can be deceiving.
You see, Germany can easily afford to lose Article 103. The state has dozens of speech statutes at its disposal, laws criminalizing everything from US-style defamation to what, in America, would be indisputably protected expression. What's more, many of these laws cover the same conduct. The result is that some of the more specific statutes work like sentencing enhancements.2
Article 103's exactly that kind of law. It makes insulting foreign heads of state a felony, but repealing it wouldn't decriminalize making fun of the likes of Erdogan. If it does, the government can simply prosecute under Article 185, Germany's misdemeanor-insult statute, one of the most vague, expansive and authoritarian pieces of legislation ever devised. A classic example of an offense under Article 185 -- and I'm not kidding here -- is using an insufficiently formal pronoun to address a cop.
Worse, the law practically invites selective prosecutions. Officially, Article 185 makes it a crime to insult anyone. However, under Section 153 of the federal code of criminal procedure, prosecutors are free to throw out misdemeanor cases if they decide there's no "public interest" in pursuing charges. It's prosecutorial discretion at its worst.
The predictable result is that prosecutors only pursue insult cases when you offend a famous person, a government official or someone the prosecutor likes. Conversely, famous people and government officials who insult others are almost never charged.
Everyone knows it, too. The colloquial term for an Article 185 case is "Beamtenbeleidigung" (lit. "insulting an official,") and when Germany's economy minister flipped off a bunch of right-wing protesters in August, the media treated it as a hilarious joke.
Things get more interesting, and weird, when you look at what happens when celebrities and government officials insult each other. In 2005, an undeservedly famous singer-songwriter got in a fight with a Hamburg cop over a parking spot. Because failing to respect a police officer's authoritah is an actual crime in Germany, the cop charged him with insult.
The same court that banned Böhmermann from saying his poem found for the celebrity in 2006, ruling that because he was habitually rude, what he said to the cop was generalized "impoliteness" that didn't rise to the level of insult.3 This, to put it mildly, is the kind of break no judge would ever cut a less well-connected defendant.
And in December of last year, a cop was charged when he called Merkel "criminal" and "insane." That case hasn't been resolved yet, but the fact that some random cop's a lot less important than the wrath of the Chancellor suggests it's unlikely he'll be acquitted.
Because Article 103 duplicates the elements of an offense under Article 185, the same unofficial rules for who gets charged and convicted apply. Böhmermann, a minor celebrity in his own right, was only charged in the first place because he offended an extremely well-connected person. If he'd written his poem about some bum in the street instead of a man with significant value to the German government, the authorities would've laughed at the joke and moved on.
But it's not all bad. The main reason Böhmermann's case was dismissed, in a country where homeless men are occasionally imprisoned for saying rude things to bureaucrats on the phone, is that people all over the world responded to the Streisand effect and turned him into an international free-speech martyr.
With each retweet of a story about him and his poem, you helped make him more important than Erdogan's ego. The fact that he's not a felon right now isn't on the government and its promise to scrap a law it doesn't need. It's on you. And those of us who love free speech appreciate it.
1 If that's true, they may want to find a new line of work.
2 For example, while Articles 186 and 187 criminalize defamation, 188 covers defaming a government official and provides a steeper sentence. Article 90, one of several lèse-majesté laws, makes it a felony to insult the President of Germany, something that's already a misdemeanor under Article 185.
3 Did I mention German speech laws are incredibly vague?
Filed Under: angela merkel, free speech, germany, insults, jan bohmermann, recep tayyip erdogan, turkey
Germany Finally Dumps Law That Says It's A Crime To Insult Foreign Leaders
from the but-not-because-of-trump dept
Thu, Jan 26th 2017 5:16pm — Mike Masnick
Last year, we wrote about a bizarre situation in Germany, in which the incredibly thin-skinned Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, had discovered a little-used, mostly forgotten German law, saying that it was illegal to insult a foreign leader, and used it to go after a German comedian. Erdogan, of course, had been filing thousands of lawsuits within Turkey against people who mocked or insulted him, which resulted in people around the globe mocking and making fun of Erdogan. But the fact that he dug up this mostly forgotten law created a bit of a diplomatic mess at the time for German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who was trying to play nice with Erdogan diplomatically, for the sake of helping with the flood of refugees from the Middle East. The weak "compromise" was that Merkel allowed the case to move forward, leading to a sad ruling from a German court, barring the comedian from mocking Erdogan, though a federal investigation was later dropped for "lack of evidence."
However, part of the compromise suggested at the time was that Merkel would allow that case to move forward, but would work towards getting that law off the books later. And apparently, that time is now. The German cabinet has said that the law is being scrapped.
Justice Minister Heiko Mass said the law is "obsolete and unnecessary," Deutsche Welle reported. He said the concept "dates back to a long-gone era, it no longer belongs in our criminal law."
Mass added that foreign heads of state could still pursue libel and defamation cases "but no more or less so than any other person," according to the broadcaster.
Of course, given that this is happening less than a week after the Trump inauguration and the Merkel/Trump relationship is off to quite a rocky start, with Merkel now making very public digs at the new US President, some are trying to read more into the plan to dump this law. The timing is, most likely, more of a coincidence, but perhaps it will free up Merkel to come up with better insults for other world leaders.
Filed Under: angela merkel, donald trump, foreign leaders, germany, insults, recep tayyip erdogan, turkey, us
Now Germany Wants To Criminalize Fake News
from the this-is-a-bad-idea dept
Mon, Dec 19th 2016 8:23am — Mike Masnick
Oh boy. Ever since people started ridiculously blaming fake news on Facebook for the election outcome, we've pointed out that these calls will be used to justify censorship of opposing views -- and that's a very bad thing. We've already seen authoritarian countries with long histories of punishing and silencing dissent jump on the "fake news is a problem!" bandwagon to justify heavy handed censorship. Both China and Iran have pointed to "fake news" as a reason for new internet censorship plans.
But, of course, now the disease is spreading, and spreading quickly. Over in Germany, Chancellor Angela Merkel has now endorsed a proposal to criminalize publishing fake news. Let's repeat that: she's endorsing a plan to make it a criminal offense to publish "fake news."
Angela Merkel is as good as her word: the German chancellor is backing a new law that would ban fake news stories distributed via social media, according to German newspapers. The move comes amid growing concern that fake news on social media influenced the outcome of the U.S. presidential election, and could play a similar role in Germany's own upcoming elections.
Politicians from Merkel's conservative Christian Democratic Union are proposing a law that would require social media sites to immediately remove fake news stories and make the publishing of such articles a criminal offense. The CDU currently governs in coalition with the leftwing Social Democratic Party as well as its own sister party, the Bavarian Christian Social Union, giving the government an easy majority and making it very likely that the law will pass, perhaps with some revisions after parliamentary debate.
This is an out and out pro-censorship law which will be abused. And the really scary thing is that with all this hype about "fake news," it appears the general public in traditionally open democracies may cheer on this plan for government-mandated censorship. A new Pew Center study suggests the hype around fake news has tons of Americans believing it's a much bigger problem than it really is. But the really scary part is that, according to the survey, many believe that the government should be responsible for stopping fake news. In fact, more people would put a large part of the burden on the government than on internet companies or... (wait for it...) the public themselves:
If you can't see that, 45% of respondents say that "a great deal of responsibility" for "preventing completely made up news from gaining attention" should fall on "government, politicians and elected officials." 42% say the same thing for platforms and 43% apply that standard to the public themselves. Obviously, these numbers are pretty close, suggesting they could be seen as about equal -- but that's still ridiculous. The government should not be in the business of deciding what is "fake news." It would fundamentally upset one of the basic concepts of freedom of expression.
Again, none of this is to say that timelines flooded with blatantly hoax stories (again, the definition of "fake news" seems to morph with what one's beliefs are...) is a good thing. And it seems that approaches like the one that Facebook is now taking seem perfectly reasonable (providing more information, rather than blocking, and combining user feedback with expert fact checking to vet stories that deserve additional informational flags). But the idea that the government should take responsibility leads to ridiculous ideas like criminalizing "fake" news stories, which will only justify crackdowns like the ones in China and Iran even more.
As the Washington Post's always astute Margaret Sullivan notes, politicians are the last people who should be judging what is, and what is not, fake news -- since it allows them to tilt the scales on issues directly impacting their own jobs:
Government involvement is a seriously bad idea. It could put the question of what constitutes real news and what constitutes fake news in the hands of those who may be most affected by it.
Indeed, this seems to directly be the case with the plan to criminalize fake news in Germany. As the quote above noted, the reason it's even up for debate there is because of "concern" that fake news could impact the upcoming election. Totally false news that people fall for can certainly be annoying -- but (again) we're mostly talking about confirmation bias. People believing stories because it fits their existing worldview. It's not like they'd change their position magically if they didn't see the fake news stories. And, even if they did, that's no excuse for criminalizing fake news -- which is only going to create a massive headache, and put freedom of the press and freedom of expression at serious risk.
Though, it will be amusing when German officials try to charge The Onion with criminal offenses...
Filed Under: angela merkel, fake news, free speech, germany, social media
DailyDirt: Harnessing A Lot Of Energy Ain't Easy
from the urls-we-dig-up dept
Thu, Feb 4th 2016 5:00pm — Michael Ho
We've mentioned some advances in fusion energy research not too long ago, and it looks like Germany is ready to take a few more baby steps towards figuring out how to control insanely hot plasma. Still, we're a long way from plentiful fusion-generated electricity (not counting solar), but if we want to stop burning fossil fuels, we're going to need to do some more research.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel flipped the switch on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator to start testing its experimental plasma conditions that could lead to a fusion generator someday. Germany has spent over a billion euros and two decades building this experimental device which will never actually generate more energy than it consumes. Let's hope they learn a lot from this facility -- and maybe we'll have a new source of clean, convenient energy in a few more decades. [url]
Nuclear reactors using fission (not fusion) are relatively expensive compared to other sources of energy. The history of small or modular nuclear reactors also suggests that there's not much advantage in small scale nuclear power plants. Dealing with radioactive waste also just scares people away from fission, too. [url]
If Back To The Future taught us anything, it's that a lightning strike has enough energy to send a car through time itself -- if you only knew where lightning was going to strike. Unfortunately, 1.21 gigawatts isn't as useful as you might think, and capturing the energy of a lightning bolt doesn't get you all that much energy (unless you could do it continuously somehow). [url]
After you've finished checking out those links, take a look at our Daily Deals for cool gadgets and other awesome stuff.
Filed Under: angela merkel, energy, fission, fusion, lightning, nuclear energy, stellarator, wendelstein 7-x
NSA Never Stopped Intercepting Foreign Leaders' Communications, Swept Up Congress Members In Its Collection
from the another-shitload-of-empty-assurances dept
Wed, Dec 30th 2015 8:38am — Tim Cushing
The Wall Street Journal is reporting the NSA is in the middle of another "incidental collection" mess, this time involving Congress.
The U.S., pursuing a nuclear arms agreement with Iran at the time, captured communications between Mr. Netanyahu and his aides that inflamed mistrust between the two countries and planted a political minefield at home when Mr. Netanyahu later took his campaign against the deal to Capitol Hill.
The National Security Agency's targeting of Israeli leaders and officials also swept up the contents of some of their private conversations with U.S. lawmakers and American-Jewish groups. That raised fears—an "Oh-s— moment," one senior U.S. official said—that the executive branch would be accused of spying on Congress.
Technically, spying on Congress is off-limits. In reality, the NSA can grab anything involving conversations with foreign citizens, provided it feels the content of the communications contains "significant foreign intelligence." Even so, the NSA is required to inform oversight committees when it has released unminimized, Congress-related communications to the executive branch. In this case, that information was never turned over to the oversight committees, and the executive branch deferred entirely to the NSA's judgment on the withholding of this information.
That's the little-b bombshell in the Wall Street Journal piece. The capital-B Bombshell is this: despite President Obama's public assertions in the wake of the Snowden leaks, the NSA never turned off its intercepts in foreign countries.
Instead of removing the implants, Mr. Obama decided to shut off the NSA's monitoring of phone numbers and email addresses of certain allied leaders—a move that could be reversed by the president or his successor.
The very public indignation of German Chancellor Merkel and other NATO allies led to a quasi-promise: the NSA would no longer listen in on their conversations. But President Obama never specifically named which foreign leaders would be exempted from the NSA's surveillance. Merkel was namechecked and the administration agreed to stop surveillance of certain foreign leaders, but anyone below them (advisors, cabinet members) was still considered fair game. And other leaders, like Israel's Benjamin Netanyahu, were never considered for exclusion from NSA snooping.
There was little debate over Israel. "Going dark on Bibi? Of course we wouldn't do that," a senior U.S. official said, using Mr. Netanyahu's nickname.
The shocking thing here isn't the surveillance of foreign leaders. That's what we expect agencies like the NSA to do. The shocking thing is the duplicitous nature of the Obama administration, which allowed Congress to be swept up by intercepts that were publicly claimed to have been shut off, as well as allowing behavior it promised to end to continue under its tacit blessing. The administration wanted intelligence it felt would be valuable while simultaneously wanting to protect itself from further blowback.
White House officials believed the intercepted information could be valuable to counter Mr. Netanyahu's campaign. They also recognized that asking for it was politically risky. So, wary of a paper trail stemming from a request, the White House let the NSA decide what to share and what to withhold, officials said. "We didn't say, 'Do it,' " a senior U.S. official said. "We didn't say, 'Don't do it.' "
Cowards.
Further making a mess of things is the NSA's long-running, begrudging intelligence partnership with Israel. As was revealed by the Snowden leaks, the NSA considers its partnership -- in which unminimized US citizen data and content are handed over to Israeli intelligence -- with the country to be lopsided. Israel is viewed as a needy partner which often takes much more than it gives.
However, Unit 8200 (the Israeli NSA) did gift the agency with a surveillance tool. But true to form, the gift horse was more of a Trojan.
Early in the Obama presidency, for example, Unit 8200 gave the NSA a hacking tool the NSA later discovered also told Israel how the Americans used it. It wasn't the only time the NSA caught Unit 8200 poking around restricted U.S. networks.
The multiple levels of hypocrisy and deception are breathtaking. The administration was never truly interested in reigning in the NSA's activities. It was only interested in minimizing the damage it would sustain from the Snowden leaks. It allowed the NSA to do what it wanted while absolving itself of any responsibility. And it never held the agency up to the accountability standards the administration and the intelligence community repeatedly referred to when responding to each successive leak.
On top of it all, the NSA continued to use a surveillance tool it knew was compromised, rather than lose access to the information it obtained with it. And it shrugged off intrusions by a foreign surveillance agency because it's all just part of the spy game -- like telling world leaders you'll do one thing while never actually doing anything at all.
Filed Under: angela merkel, benjamin netanyahu, congress, israel, mass surveillance, nsa, surveillance
Zuckerberg Tells Angela Merkel Facebook Is On The Hate Speech Censorship Case
from the dislike dept
Wed, Sep 30th 2015 3:14am — Timothy Geigner
A brief review of the available record shows that Facebook and Germany have always had something of a contentious relationship. Past examples of this have included Germany trying to influence Facebook's really dumb "real name" policy, Germany trying to get Facebook to drop its facial recognition database, and even Germany attempting to outlaw the "Like" button. The context in most of these instances is a German government perhaps still rather touchy with a sordid, if decades-old, history and its overcorrection on matters of privacy and speech. The latest is no different.
At a recent UN summit, Mark Zuckerberg apparently had a discussion with German Chancellor Angela Merkel that Facebook will start getting involved in policing racism and hate speech on the social media network.
"I think we have to work on that," Zuckerberg told Merkel during their meeting on Saturday on the fringe of the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in New York.
Facebook has been much criticized in Germany for not doing more to shut down hate speech on its network during the refugee crisis, with Justice Minister Heiko Maas a leading voice calling for better moderation on the site. At a meeting with Maas earlier in September, when the minister demanded faster procedures to get hate comments removed, Facebook agreed to set up a working group to look at the problem.
It's the age-old question on matters of free speech: how do we handle speech the public generally finds unacceptable? And, to be fair, it's not the easiest question to discuss, because free speech advocates find themselves within the ranks of some truly horrible people who say some truly horrible things. Racism and bigotry is, of course, not acceptable as a matter of morality and public discourse. But should it be hidden by corporate interests at the request of the government of a free people?
No, it should not. And, when we slide emotion to the side, it's quite easy to see why not. First, on matters of comments that involve threats or calls to violence, we already have laws on the books (as I assume Germany does as well) to deal with that. Indeed, rather than disappearing the comments from social media, law enforcement would likely want to have those comments on hand should a crime for incitement or menacing have been committed. For charges of racism and hate speech, on the other hand, I would argue that the need for exposure of the bigot outweighs any, if there is any, harm done by the speech. Put another way: if there are racist assbags in the world, do you want to allow them to identify themselves, or shall we allow social media sites to put up a veil so that we can all pretend that everything is right with the world?
Zuckerberg is allowed to do with Facebook as the site's corporate interests please, but as an American leading a company that can only continue to benefit the world through the free exchange of ideas if the site rests on the principles of free speech, I would hope he might be cautious in what promises he might make that violate those principles.
Filed Under: angela merkel, free speech, germany, hate speech, mark zuckerberg
German Investigation Into NSA Surveillance Of Angela Merkel Dropped
from the politic,-but-unlikely-to-be-a-popular dept
Mon, Jun 15th 2015 3:54am — Glyn Moody
After the first wave of Snowden revelations two years ago, one of the most dramatic later claims was that the NSA had been monitoring the calls of Germany's Chancellor, Angela Merkel. As Techdirt reported at the time, the US government made things worse by emphasizing that it was not presently monitoring her calls, and promised not to monitor them in the future, while leaving the obvious question about past activity glaringly unanswered. Matters were not improved when President Obama then claimed that he had known nothing about the spying. No wonder, then, that a formal investigation into the allegations was launched by Germany in June 2014.
Since then, things went rather quiet, which makes news that Germany's chief federal prosecutor is dropping the case because of lack of evidence rather surprising. As Reuters reports:
"The accusations made would not stand up in court with the means available for criminal proceedings," the federal prosecutors office in Karlsruhe said in a statement.
"The vague remarks from U.S. officials about U.S. intelligence surveillance of the chancellor's cell phone -- i.e. 'not any more' -- are insufficient evidence".
However, the official statement from the chief federal prosecutor's office (original in German) did not rule out resuming the investigation if new evidence emerged at a later date.
It is likely that Merkel and her advisers have decided that it is better to mend bridges with Obama in this face-saving way rather than to continue demanding answers from an unresponsive US government. That may be a politically reasonable move, but it is unlikely to satisfy many Germans who saw the allegations as evidence that no one was safe from US (and British) spying.
Moreover, as Techdirt noted back in 2013, the refusal by the US authorities to address these and other allegations of surveillance is contributing to the German public's jaundiced view of the TAFTA/TTIP negotiations, which are increasingly in trouble. That skepticism is reflected by the fact that among the 2 million signatures gathered so far by the pan-European Stop TTIP online petition, fully one half come from Germany. The decision to drop the investigation into claims that the NSA listened in on Merkel's phone calls is unlikely to make things better.
Filed Under: angela merkel, bnd, nsa, surveillance
Obama To Germans Worried About NSA Surveillance: 'Hey, Trust Us!'
from the why? dept
Tue, Feb 10th 2015 1:00am — Mike Masnick
It's often been said that trust is something that you earn -- or that you completely destroy in irredeemable ways. So it's a little bizarre to see President Obama trying to restore German trust in the US (and specifically over NSA surveillance) with a bogus "hey, trust us" line, when his own government has spent the past few years doing everything possible to undermine any residual trust. Yet here he is, in a joint appearance with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, asking for "the benefit of the doubt."
There are going to still be areas where we've got to work through these issues. We have to internally work through some of these issues, because they're complicated, they're difficult. If we are trying to track a network that is planning to carry out attacks in New York or Berlin or Paris, and they are communicating primarily in cyberspace, and we have the capacity to stop an attack like that, but that requires us then being able to operate within that cyberspace, how do we make sure that we're able to do that, carry out those functions, while still meeting our core principles of respecting the privacy of all our people?
And given Germany's history, I recognize the sensitivities around this issue. What I would ask would be that the German people recognize that the United States has always been on the forefront of trying to promote civil liberties, that we have traditions of due process that we respect, that we have been a consistent partner of yours in the course of the last 70 years, and certainly the last 25 years, in reinforcing the values that we share. And so occasionally I would like the German people to give us the benefit of the doubt, given our history, as opposed to assuming the worst -- assuming that we have been consistently your strong partners and that we share a common set of values.
And if we have that fundamental, underlying trust, there are going to be times where there are disagreements, and both sides may make mistakes, and there are going to be irritants like there are between friends, but the underlying foundation for the relationship remains sound.
Yes, I can understand why President Obama would want that, but that doesn't mean that he deserves it. This is the same president who allowed the surveillance to happen in the first place, who acted surprised when told it covered Angela Merkel, and who has done nothing more than paid lip service to the idea of reforming surveillance. This is the president who could have ended the bulk collection of phone records just by ordering the NSA to not seek a renewal for its authority, but has not done so.
This is the same President who has prosecuted more whistleblowers and journalists under the Espionage Act than all other Presidents combined (and then doubled). And this is the same administration who has fought off nearly every attempt at transparency over these actions.
So, I'm sorry, but it seems rather hilarious to just say "trust us" when no reason has been given for that trust. No effort has been made to show why the US is trustworthy on this matter. Yes, mistakes are made at times, and then it's quite right to recognize that not everyone is perfect. But to suggest that the US's surveillance actions over the past decade have all been a result of such slip ups doesn't hold any water at all. There is a consistent pattern of stretching the boundaries further and further and playing games with definitions in the law and ever increasing the powers of the surveillance state.
President Obama and the US government may have had the benefit of the doubt in the past, but on surveillance, at this point in time, it seems like it's going to need a hell of a lot more than "hey, we're the good guys!" to get people to trust them on that again.
Filed Under: angela merkel, barack obama, benefit of the doubt, germany, nsa, president obama, surveillance, trust
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The much-awaited film from the stable of Dharma Productions has been making waves ever since the first look was shared on social media. The flick which is based on the battle of Saragarhi will reportedly see the 'Rustom' actor in the role of Havildar Ishar Singh.
It won't be wrong to call Akshay Kumar as one of the most sought-after actors in Bollywood. The 'Airlift' actor has been delivering some of his best work in recent times be it, 'PadMan' or 'Toilet: EK Prem Katha'.
Khiladi Kumar's latest release 'PadMan' is doing quite well at the box office and he is already busy with the shooting of another movie. The handsome actor is all set to entertain the audience in a never before seen avatar in 'Kesari'.
Giving fans a delight, Akshay Kumar shared a picture from the sets of the movie. What caught out attention were the three cute little children who are playing Afghani characters in the film.
The 'Jolly LLB 2' actor captioned the pic with, '' Innocent smiles galore on set today! Shooting with these lovely children playing Afghani kids in #Kesari based on the Battle Of Saragarhi, one of the bravest battles fought in India''.
Akshay Kumar has wrapped up the shooting for his upcoming movie Gold which is slated to hit the silver screens on August 15. The sports drama which also features Mouni Roy is based on India's first gold medal win at the Olympics as an independent nation.


Debt collectors cannot harass you. Yes, they can call to discuss your credit card debt. But the next time a debt collector wakes you up early in the morning or calls late at night, check the clock. Debt collectors are prohibited from calling you before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m., unless you agree to take their calls then.
Your debt is private. Collection agencies are not allowed to call your family members, neighbors, or co-workers to trash you and discuss your credit card problems. They can call your spouse or an attorney whom you have hired to represent you. Debt collectors also can contact other individuals for the sole purpose of asking for your phone number, address, or place of employment. Collection agencies cannot harass these people repeatedly.
Some debt collection agencies have practiced some very intimidating tactics to try and get people to pay up. But federal law does not allow debt collectors to threaten you with violence or physical harm, use obscenities, or call repeatedly just to annoy you.
A debt collection agency can report your unpaid credit card debt to credit bureaus. If that happens, your credit report is going to take a hit. With bad credit, expect to receive higher credit card rates or be denied credit.
A debt collector can sue you for unpaid credit card debt. If they win a judgment, your wages could be garnished, or they could have funds from a bank account turned over to them to pay the debt.
Debt collectors are not allowed to lie or misrepresent themselves. They cannot lie about being attorneys or government representatives, claim you have committed a crime, say you are going to jail over credit card debt, or lie about how much you owe.
If you believe that a debt collector's harassment has broken the law, you can sue them within one year of the company breaking the law. If you win the case, the collector may be required to pay you up to $1,000, plus attorney's fees and court costs. You can also file a complaint with your state attorney general's office and the Federal Trade Commission.
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text:
February 11, 2022 Katie-Ted Lowe
Let's talk about NFL! 🏈
Calling all American Football fans!
Get ready to grab your favourite snack, pop open a beer (if you're over 18 or 21 in the US of course!) and get ready to see a T-O-U-C-H-D-O-W-N this weekend!
Who's excited for Superbowl Sunday? I know we are!
The annual championship will be played at the SoFi Stadium in Los Angeles, California - the home of the Chargers and Rams on Sunday 13th February 2022.
Back in January, the NFL playoffs kicked and now Super Bowl is 2022 is just around the corner!
On Sunday, you can watch the Cincinnati Bengals play the Los Angeles Rams to battle it out for the win of Super Bowl 56.
Now you're probably thinking, who's performing at the 2022 Super Bowl half time show?
The Super Bowl halftime show is arguably the biggest performance of the year.
This year, the Super Bowl halftime show will feature five rap and R&B legends in 2022. Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Mary J. Blige, and Kendrick Lamar will perform at this year's Super Bowl halftime show and turn the field into their stage. It's sure to be a huge night for the hip-hop genre and we can't wait to watch!
Now, for us UK folk it's looking like a late one! As the Super Bowl kicks off at 6:30pm Eastern time which is 11:30pm UK time. So, get the coffee ready!
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text:
The Crocodile Who Didn't Like Water
By: Gemma Merino
For Ages: 3 - 5 years old
Published: 1st June 2013
Country of Publication: AU
Meet a most unusual crocodile!
Everybody knows that crocodiles love water, but this little crocodile is different. He doesn't like water at all. In fact, he prefers climbing trees! But it can be lonely when you're the odd one out, so the little crocodile tries his best to change. But being wet isn't for everyone – and a shiver soon becomes a cold and the cold becomes a sneeze, a very hot sneeze... Could it be that this little crocodile isn't a crocodile at all? He might just be a DRAGON!
A funny, unique and uplifting story from a debut author-illustrator.
Gemma Merino won the prestigious Macmillan Prize for Children's Illustration in 2011, whilst studying for her MA in Children's Illustration at Cambridge School of Art. Born in Catalonia, Gemma originally studied architecture in Barcelona and has worked in practices in Spain, Dublin, Tel Aviv and now London, where she lives. This is her debut picture book.