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Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society, Spring 1997 -- Volume 10:18
Grace in the Arts:
THOMAS HARDY:
The Tragedy of a Life Without Christ
JAMES TOWNSEND1
Bible Editor
A. Why Read an Agnostic?
The evangelist Charles Finney stated: "I cannot believe that a person who has ever known the love of God can ever relish a secular novel…Let me visit your…books. What is here? Byron, Scott, Shakespeare and a host of triflers and blasphemers of God."2 To that list Finney would have undoubtedly added Thomas Hardy the agnostic. Therefore, why read such a writer?
First, there are solid biblical reasons for reading worthwhile non-Christian literature. Frank Gaebelein popularized the maxim: "All truth is God's truth"—no matter what the literary source. The apostle Paul believed this idea, for on at least three occasions (Acts 17:28; 1 Cor 15:33; Titus 1:12) he quoted from secular sources. Paul was obviously versed in more than the Bible.
Second, if we desire to understand the mindset of the non-Christian culture, then we must be aware of the particular philosophies and notions rampant at any given time. Great literature is usually an index to cultural concepts.
Third, if we would have a heart for unbelievers, then we need to grasp where and how their head is functioning. Thomas Hardy himself spoke of the "ache of modernism." The Christian who has experientially understood that life without Christ is a tragedy should have an ache in his or her heart for unbelievers to find the fulfillment that is in Christ.
To counter Finney, then, read the playboy Byron's magnificent biblical poem "The Destruction of Sennacherib"; read Sir Walter Scott, who operated out of a Christian consensus; and read Shakespeare (as a past article in this journal indicates: JOTGES, Spring, 1991; pp. 47-63).
B. Who Was Thomas Hardy?
If you had literature's leading lights—James Barrie (author of Peter Pan), John Galsworthy, Edmond Gosse, A. E. Housman, George Bernard Shaw, Rudyard Kipling, as well as the prime minister of England—as your pallbearers (as Thomas Hardy did), you'd have to be thought rather important. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) never graduated from college, yet he received honorary doctorates from the universities of Aberdeen, Bristol, Cambridge, and Oxford. Hardy's five most important novels (in chronological order) are Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D'Urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure.3 Hardy also wrote over 900 poems and more than 40 short stories. He was considered the greatest writer of English tragedy in his time. Thus, W. M. Parker (editor of Sir Walter Scott's letters) could call Hardy "the greatest imaginative genius of modern times."4
II. The Biblical Hardy
A. Biblical Allusions
How many seminary graduates could identify who Ahimaaz and Aholibah are or where they are found in the Bible? How many Bible-literate people could quote from Psalm 102? Do you know where Jared and Mahaleel are in Scripture? All of these items—and (literally) hundreds more—are found by way of biblical allusion in Thomas Hardy's novels.
Thomas Hardy was steeped in classical and biblical literature. Marlene Springer, who wrote a book devoted explicitly to this subject, claimed that as an author, Hardy "out-alluded virtually every allusionist…"5 This agnostic was virtually a walking Bible concordance! Indeed, I would pit Hardy against any seminary graduate today (and bet big bucks—if I were a betting person) as a sure wager to win any Bible knowledge proficiency test. Hardy read the Bible in both Latin and Greek. Desmond Hawkins declared that Hardy "was more certainly influenced by [the Bible] than any novelist writing today."6 I think Hawkins's evaluation would stand undisputed.
The heading to this section of the Journal is "Grace in the Arts." What theologians call "common grace" is functioning in the life of this agnostic to make his pessimistic works so riddled with biblical allusions. Also, God's grace is apparent in allowing this agnostic 88 years of life in which he might even trifle with that grace (2 Pet 3:9).
Thomas Hardy had considerable biblical background. His life-dream as a child was to be a parson. He played the violin in church as a youth. He taught Sunday School. His hero, folk-poet William Barnes, was a Christian. His best friend was the brother of the Bible commentator H. C. G. Moule, Anglican bishop of Durham. Hardy read numerous theological works up until his mid-twenties, presumably in preparation for the professional ministry. In fact, this agnostic never stopped attending, and taking communion in the Anglican church—even after his first (evangelical) wife died!
Thomas Hardy's works are replete with scriptural allusions. One frequent declaration heard in church history classes is that if our NT had been destroyed, it could almost be replaced by quotations culled from the early Church Fathers. Almost the same could be said—with forgivable exaggeration—with reference to Hardy's writings.
I have read 9 of his 14 novels and all of his 947 poems. Below are tabulated my count of biblical allusions in 9 of Hardy's major novels. In the left hand column are listed figures in which Hardy supplies general references to Christian terms, phrases, ideas, and so forth. In the right hand column are listed numbers from each book for sentences containing an allusion where some rather specific Scripture verse or passage can be cited. Naturally, there is some subjectivity involved in the placement of these two sets of figures.
General Allusions
Specific Allusions to Scripture
A Pair of Blue Eyes
The Return of the Native
The Mayor of Casterbridge
The Woodlanders
The Well-Beloved
Hardy's Complete Poems
As can be seen from the statistics compiled above, there are Christian books these days in which one could not find as many references to Scripture as one could find in this agnostic's literature.
The sections in Hardy's books that are a special repository for biblical allusions are those where his rustics speak. These conversations between rural folk are salted with Scripture—sometimes insightful, sometimes confused and superstitious. For instance, when one rural character gets scared, he recites the Lord's prayer, then the Ten Commandments, followed by "dearly beloved brethren," which is what his church experience prods him to remember (FMC, chap 8). One rustic child was erroneously named Cain, since his mother got the name in the Bible story mixed up with Abel's (FMC, chap 10).
One of Hardy's other rustics complains, "I was sitting at home looking for Ephesians, and I says to myself, 'Tis nothing but Corinthians and Thessalonians in this danged Testament" (FMC, chap 21). (Perhaps childhood sword drills would have helped him!) Another country fellow speaks erroneously of "King Noah…entering into the ark" (FMC, chap 42). Still another rustic figure recites the names of "Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John" when he fears the devil is near him (RN, chap 3).
At this juncture I would like to provide a brief sampling of some specific scriptural allusions from Hardy's novels:
At the end of Under the Greenwood Tree one finds Hardy quoting Jer 2:32 ("Can a maid forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire?") in connection with Fancy Day's vanity over her clothes. "Even to half my kingdom" in A Pair of Blue Eyes echoes Mark 6:23. The Return of the Native (chap 6) mentions "the witch of Endor [who] called up Samuel." Also in this novel Hardy shows his knowledge of the Greek NT (2 Pet 2:4) by twice using the term "Tartarian."7
The Mayor of Casterbridge refers to "Jacob in Padan-aram" with his ring-straked sheep. In The Woodlanders (chap 14) we meet "the sword of the Lord and of Gideon." Tess of the D'Urbervilles has one of its characters use Job's words (3:1-3): "I wish I'd never been born." On more than one occasion a character in Jude the Obscure cites 1 Cor 4:9 ("we are made a spectacle," etc.). The Well-Beloved refers to "the elect lady" (2 John 1; Part 3, chap 5) and "those who knew not Joseph" (Exod 1:8; Part 3, chap 8).
In one case the very name of the novel (A Laodicean) reflects biblical language (Rev 3:14). Often Hardy's characters' names reflect biblical borrowing (such as, Bathsheba, Gabriel, Jude, Laban, etc.) and tip us off to the given character's character as well. For example, Bathsheba unintentionally attracts by her beauty, and Gabriel Oak is as sturdy as his name implies.
B. A Biblical Plot
In The Mayor of Casterbridge Thomas Hardy largely modeled his story-plot on the biblical interrelationship between Saul and David. This thesis has been detailed significantly in an article by Julian Moynahan.8
The novel itself states that Michael Henchard, the lead character and mayor, "felt like Saul at his reception by Samuel" (chap 26). The book revolves around the relationship of an older head of government (Mayor Henchard) to a younger man (Donald Farfrae). As the plot progresses, the older becomes jealous of the younger and eventually is replaced as government leader by the younger (as Saul was by David).
Numerous themes in The Mayor of Casterbridge clearly parallel the Saul-to-David biblical narrative. First, the older is attracted to the younger particularly by his musical ability. Second, the younger (Farfrae) is described as "ruddy and of a fair countenance" (compare this with 1 Sam 16:12 and 17:42). Third, Henchard is famed for his impulsive moodiness (similar to Saul's mental ups and downs). Fourth, the younger saves the older's reputation from a goliath of failure. Fifth, the older gets jealous of his rival when he hears people praising the younger and wishing Farfrae were in the elder's place. Thus, Farfrae becomes "an enemy" of Henchard.
Moreover Michael Henchard consults a wizard-like weather forecaster in a way similar to that of Saul consulting the witch of Endor. Farfrae, like David, also has opportunities to wreak revenge on the one who hates him, but the younger man refuses the course of vengefulness. In fact, Henchard tries explicitly to kill Farfrae at one point. Also in the novel the hideout of certain bad characters is called "the Adullam of all the surrounding villages" (chap 36). The Mayor of Casterbridge concludes just as the book of 1 Samuel does—with the tragic death of its tragic figure.
This then is the biblical Hardy—the very fabric of his language, the vast amount of biblical allusions, the derived names of certain characters, and the framework of one entire novel are all colored extensively by a mind immersed in the thought-world of Scripture. Tragically, however, such biblical flavoring is far from the whole story. Therefore, we now turn to the unbiblical Hardy.
III. The Unbiblical Hardy
A. His Abandonment of Christianity
Hardy's thought-forms were often Bible-tinctured, but his basic philosophy was anything but biblical. What happened to one who grew up dreaming of becoming a Christian minister and who read theology in preparation for that profession?
Unfortunately there is no clear-cut before-and-after traceable in his biography. Nor does there seem to have been a specific crisis marking such a shift in thought. Terry Coleman wrote: "At the beginning of [1861] Hardy was probably still a Christian, and at the end [of 1866] he certainly was not, and of the process by which this charge came over such a mind we know nothing."9 While it isn't quite true to say "we know nothing," we certainly have no definitive data on a distinct turning-point in Hardy's turning away from Christianity. Robert Gittings observed that "until the age of 26 [Hardy] still considered entering the Church [ministry]."10
While we may not be able to pinpoint some watershed experience in which Hardy abandoned orthodox Christianity, there are clearly some contributing causes for his forsaking the faith.11
The first of the contributing causes to Hardy's apostasy is a hard one to pin down with definitive evidence, yet I suspect that every Hardy biographer would concur that some mysterious romantic attachment was at the root of bitterness in Hardy's life. Biographers have suggested at least five different love affairs in Hardy's early life. One researcher, Lois Deacon, postulated on the basis of plausible evidence that Hardy had had a five-year affair with Tryphena Sparks, whom he thought to be his cousin. Then he discovered that Tryphena was the illegitimate daughter of his own sister, who herself was the illegitimate daughter of his mother.12 Thus, he broke off an engagement. Some interpreters even claim they had an illegitimate child together who is represented by the character called Little Father Time in Jude the Obscure. Whether Lois Deacon's specific hypothesis is factual or not, something very unaccountable and suppressed in Hardy's relationship with women seems necessary to account for his turning sour on life as well as this theme in his writing.
Second, Hardy's best friend (and mentor)—Horace Moule, the brother of evangelical commentator H. C. G. Moule—committed suicide. Moule's father and his brothers are to some extent the prototype for Angel Clare's father and family in Tess of the D'Urbervilles. In this book the clerical father is described as "an evangelical of the evangelicals" (chap 25) and an "unimpeachable Christian" with a "Pauline view of humanity" (chap 26). Nevertheless, Horace Moule, a Cambridge graduate, became an alcoholic and committed suicide. This tragedy unquestionably had a devastating effect upon Thomas Hardy.
Third, Hardy was influenced by "the yeasty ideas of his formative years," such as "evolution [and] the new morality."13 Darwin's Origin of the Species was published when Hardy was nineteen years old. Hardy read Darwin, Spencer, Comte, and Schopenhauer. A nature "red in tooth and claw" (to borrow Thomas Hobbes's phrase) is a major theme in Hardy's novels.
Fourth, some scholars have asserted that (like the painter van Gogh) Hardy was rejected upon application to Cambridge University as Jude Fawley was in Jude the Obscure. Such a bitter rejection might partly account for his anti-Christian attitude.
Fifth, one occasion may have cemented Hardy's convictions away from Christianity. Leslie Stephen, editor of Cornhill Magazine, was influential in Hardy's writing experience. In fact, Hardy described Stephen as "the man whose philosophy was to influence his own…more than that of any other contemporary."14 Stephen called on Thomas Hardy "on 23 March 1875 to witness his renunciation of the holy orders [to the Anglican ministry] he had taken in 1855…"15 By affirming Leslie Stephen on that occasion, Hardy was issuing a sort of declaration of agnosticism.
B. His Poisoned Philosophy
To say that Hardy is not known for his novels ending "happily ever after" is an understatement! In his writings "all things work together" for the worst—to parody Rom 8:28. In The Woodlanders Grace Melbury watches her truest love, Giles Winterbourne, die. She was "bitter with all that had befallen her—with the cruelties that had attacked her—with life—with Heaven" (chap 43). Schoolmaster Phillotson remarks, "Cruelty is the law pervading all nature and society; and we can't get out of it if we would" [ JO, Part 5, chap 8]. In Desperate Remedies Mr. Springrove says, "There's a back'ard current in the world, and we must do our utmost to advance in order just to bide where we be."16
Most readers of Hardy label him a pessimist. His books tend to get more bitter in the consecutive order of their writing with the bitterest novels (Tess and JO) coming at the end of his novel-writing career.
Hardy consistently denied that he was a pessimist, preferring to call himself a "meliorist," that is, one who was neither an optimist nor a pessimist, but believed the world could be made better if we all worked at it. Sheila Sullivan said Hardy was "prepared to face the worst an indifferent universe might have to offer, but who believed nevertheless that the will to live persists, and that no life is entirely without its consolation."17
C. His Philosophical Predicament
If there is a God, then God can be blamed for the tragic mess on this planet (some would reason). However, if there is no God, who or what is there to blame for such rotten happenings? This dilemma tends to be Hardy's philosophical predicament. To let God be or not be—that is the question (� la Shakespeare's Hamlet). Somewhere G. K. Chesterton (the Anglican debater-turned Roman Catholic) takes Thomas Hardy to task for playing both sides of the fence. If there is no God, why spend your time railing in the direction of heaven?
This dilemma emerges in a conversational interchange between Sue Bridehead and her first husband (to whom she eventually returns), Richard Phillotson (in JO). She admits that her penchant for not wanting to sleep with her lawful husband is wrong, yet she exclaims: "It is not I altogether that am to blame!" Philottson then responds, "Who is then? Am I?" To his remark Sue counters, "No—I don't know! The universe, I suppose—things in general, because they are so horrid and cruel!" (JO, Part 4, chap 3). Thus, the big question is: Who do you blame if you're an agnostic?
D. His Invented Ironies
In one's fiction a writer can control his or her world. Thus, through the mouths of his characters, Hardy inevitably reflects his own pessimistic world-view. Many writers have used a technique called deus ex machina (woodenly rendered, a "god out of a machine"). This technique was literally used in ancient drama when a mechanical device would be employed in order to let a "god" down on stage to serve as a rescuer from the characters' predicament.
Thomas Hardy used almost a reverse approach to the deus ex machina technique. He invented ironical incidents in order to show a perverse world-order in operation. For instance, an inexperienced sheepdog (in FMC) drives Gabriel Oak's entire flock over a precipice, thereby bankrupting Oak and altering the course of Gabriel's entire life. Or, Tess sticks a future-determining note under Angel Clare's door—only to have the paper stick under the carpet so that Angel never reads her moral confession. Thus, on one small act hinges huge significance for Tess. Marlene Springer said that Hardy "saw all of life as a collage of ironies."18
There are three classic cases of these inserted ironies where Hardy seemed to be taking his best and most brutal potshot at the orthodox Christian view of God. All three involve Christian hymns. In Tess, before her family is about to be evicted from their home (due to poverty and Tess's refusal to succumb to her relentless seducer, Alec D'Urberville), Tess asks her little brothers and sisters to sing. They select a hymn they knew entitled "Joyful"! Thus, Hardy gets in his digs at Christian joy when life is caving in around the sexually-faithful Tess.
There is a second hymn referred to in Tess. It is also sung on a heart-wrenching occasion (Chapter 51). The hymn runs:
"Here we suffer grief and pain;
Here we meet to part again.
In heaven we part no more."
There is a chime of compassion in the Christian's heart as the agnostic Hardy comments after the hymn: "If she could only believe what the children sang." Yes, if only…
Probably the bitterest ironical twist in Hardy's novels appears in his last and, by common consent, bitterest book, Jude the Obscure. Jude and Sue have several children together. They also unofficially adopt the child by Jude's first (legal) marriage. Because of his gloomy disposition, the child is nicknamed "Little Father Time." When the family has a desperate time securing a room together (because Jude and Sue have never been legally married), Little Father Time bewails the news that there is yet another child on the way. More children, more problems. Because this originally unwanted child is so morose, he hangs the other two children and then commits suicide himself. Martin Seymour-Smith quotes Ian Gregor as calling this incident the "most terrible scene in Hardy's fiction—indeed it might reasonably be argued in English fiction."19 Ironically, however, just as the horrendous hanging and suicide are discovered, a nearby church organ peals out a rendition of the seventy-third psalm: "Truly God is loving unto Israel." Consequently, Hardy takes his hardiest knock at the Christian concept of a loving God in a cruelly destructive world. Thomas Hardy was the obverse to Robert Browning's optimism: All's wrong with the world!
E. His Agnostic Appraisal
Hardy's pen was dipped in acid. A significant part of his own life-story is reflected in Jude the Obscure. Like Jude, Hardy had been a stonemason's apprentice. Like Jude, Hardy had been enamored of the famous university—which closed its doors to him. Like Jude, Hardy had his lifelong sexual struggle of flesh versus spirit. Like Jude, Hardy had wanted to be a ministerial student and later rejected Christianity. And—like Jude—Hardy had faced the "arrows of outrageous fortune."
As a result of his rejection of Christianity, Hardy adopted an embittered, agnostic stance—claiming not really to believe in a God, yet relentlessly flailing away at Someone or something out there. In country music vernacular, he kept singing a "Somebody-done-somebody-wrong song."
The author's appraisal—in the form of agnosticism—of what was going on in our world took the form of using roundabout phrases for the Supreme Power that Christians call "God." Thus, Hardy will speak of an "unconscious will' or an "Immanent Will" or "the Prime Cause." In The Woodlanders Hardy uses the expression "the Unfulfilled Intention." This "Prime Force" is without moral value and is oblivious to people's pain.
Once one has abandoned the supernatural, all that is left is the natural world. Consequently, Hardy's "Unfulfilled Intention" in nature is described in The Woodlanders (chap 7). Here the trees are suffocated by "huge lungs of fungi." Hardy writes: "The leaf was deformed…, the lichen ate the vigor of the stalk, and the ivy slowly strangled to death the promised sapling." Nature does not present a pretty picture in Thomas Hardy's books.
For Hardy, what happens to inanimate nature also happens to human nature. One of the saddest passages in literature is the concluding summary in Tess of the D'Urbervilles. For several hundred pages the reader has looked over the shoulder of Tess while she is raped, is abandoned by her too-good legal husband, is forced to wander and take menial, starvation-level jobs, is pestered repeatedly by her old seducer, and waits on her abandoning husband to return from South America. Finally, Tess breaks. In order to keep her maternal family from starving, Tess finally returns to her original, wealthy seducer, Alec, only then to have her sickening husband show up. Then Tess murders Alec out of love for her husband. Consequently, Tess is hanged. This scene Hardy milks for all it's worth by proclaiming that "the President of the Immortals" had finally done savagely toying with Tess—a "moral woman" (so Hardy proclaims her).
A Christian reader resultantly feels that beneath Hardy's text there is a subtext that constantly suggests: I want you Christians to see your malevolent "God" for all He's worth. In The Woodlanders one female character bewails: "if heaven would only give [me] strength—but heaven never did."
Thus, the Hardyan conclusion (in Tess, chap 37) is:
"God's not in his heaven;
All's wrong with the world."
IV. A Lesson Learned from an Agnostic
There is a scene in Hardy's A Pair of Blue Eyes, which may epitomize Hardy's dilemma probably better than any other. The scene also reveals precisely the predicament of a world that has forsaken the true God who has uniquely revealed His love in Jesus Christ.
In A Pair of Blue Eyes two men are in love with one woman—Elfride. While Elfride is watching for the ocean steamer that is bringing one of them home (Stephen Smith, to whom she first promised marriage), she has fallen in love with the second one, Henry Knight. While Henry and Elfride scan the horizon, he slips and falls over a precipice. Henry hangs on for dear life.
While Henry is hanging on for his life, his eyes turn to see a trilobite fossil embedded in the cliffside (symbolizing the recent emergence of a Darwinian world-view). Obviously the skeletal remains can do nothing to save Knight from his life-threatening predicament. In other words, evolution provides no salvation, no ultimate answer.
Knight's rescue finally comes when Elfride moves away from the scene and removes all of her (extensive Victorian) underwear so as to weave it rapidly into a rescue-rope. It is sensually suggestive. (Thus, the only salvation in this pessimistic post-Darwinian world is the sex-and-love relationship between the genders, Hardy implies.)
This scene speaks volumes. What's left to make life tolerable in a Darwinian world? With a supernatural genesis abandoned and no supernatural afterlife guaranteed, Hardy logically proceeds to the natural genesis of human life—namely, sexual romance. (We have not explored this major Hardyan sub-theme here, but Hardy has been called "the father of the modern sex novel"20 although his writings on this score are relatively tame by comparison with today's uninhibited pornographic explicitness.)
Without the invasive grace of God, what does an unbeliever have to live for? As T. S. Eliot put it in Sweeney Agonistes:
"Birth, and copulation, and death.
That's all the facts when you come to brass tacks:
Birth, and copulation, and death."21
I believe that reading an agnostic such as Thomas Hardy should make a believer's heart bleed for the raw and pained condition of a thinking-and-feeling unbeliever. The deplorable end-run of Hardy's philosophy is fleshed out by his own tragic character, Little Father Time, who committed suicide.
No wonder Hardy spoke of "the ache of modernism." Should we not feel for those who live unhappily now and, unless they put their faith in Jesus and His atonement, will live unhappily ever after? Like Thomas Hardy, his character Angel Clare had forsaken his evangelical roots. Therefore, Angel Clare experienced the "chronic melancholy which is taking hold of the civilized races with a decline of a belief in a beneficent Power."21
One of the most poignant passages in Hardy is when the about-to-be-hanged Tess says to her lover Angel Clare: "Do you think we shall meet again after we are dead?" (Tess, chap 58). To this question Angel, the modernist or religious liberal, has nothing to say. What a contrast with the apostle Paul, who buoyantly asserted that while "they…have not hope," "we believe that Jesus died and rose again," and so we shall "meet the Lord in the air. And thus we shall always be with the Lord" (1 Thess 4:13, 14, 17).
Thomas Hardy the agnostic is a parable of the tragedy of a life without Christ.
1Dr. Townsend returns to our "Grace in the Arts" section for another literary analysis from an evangelical perspective of a well-known writer. Previous subjects have included Herman Melville and Somerset Maugham (JOTGES, Spring 1989, pp. 55-66), Charles Dickens, Robert Louis Stevenson, and others (JOTGES, Autumn 1990, pp. 53.64). Ed.
2Os Guiness, Fit Bodies, Fat Minds (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994), 62.
3Where it seems necessary in the body of the text, I will employ the abbreviations FMC for Far from the Madding Crowd, RN for The Return of the Native, MC for The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess for Tess of the D'Urbervilles, and JO for Jude the Obscure.
4The Genius of Thomas Hardy, edited by Margaret Drabble (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1976), 47.
5Marlene Springer, Hardy's Use of Allusion (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 1983), 1.
6Desmond Hawkins, Hardy the Novelist (Newton Abbot, UK: David and Charles, 1950), 73.
7The Greek word containing "hell" in this verse is tartarwsas.
8Julian Moynahan, "The Mayor of Casterbridge and the Old Testament's First Book of Samuel: A Study of Some Literary Relationships" in Biblical Images in Literature, edited by Roland Bartel with James S. Ackerman and Thayer S. Warshaw (New York: Abingdon Press, 1975), 71-88.
9The Genius of Thomas Hardy, 16. While Coleman's choice of words is unfortunate and unbiblical (still a Christian?), his point is actually that Hardy at one time called himself a Christian and later ceased doing so.
10Robert Gittings, Young Thomas Hardy (Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Co., 1975), 46.
11There is insufficient evidence to be certain whether Hardy ever believed in Christ for eternal life. When I comment on his "forsaking the faith," I am referring to his decision to no longer profess to be a Christian.
12The Genius of Thomas Hardy, 19-23.
13Hawkins, Hardy the Novelist, 97.
14The Genius of Thomas Hardy, 34.
15Martin Seymour-Smith, Hardy (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 182.
16Quoted by Marlene Springer, Hardy's Use of Allusion, 92.
18Springer, Hardy's Use of Allusion, 15.
19Seymour-Smith, Hardy, 532.
21Quoted in Stuart Barton Babbage, Man in Nature and Grace (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdman's Publishing Co., 1957), 98.


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» Fernandinho and Willian entered the TOP 5 best Brazilians in the Premier League
Fernandinho and Willian entered the TOP 5 best Brazilians in the Premier League
We are introducing five best in the English championship at the Brazilian version of the publication.
The editorial staff of the UOL has identified the top five Brazilians who ever played in the EPL. Among the best were two ex-player of Shakhtar.
A list of the best Brazilians in the history of the Premier League:
1. Gilberto Silva (Arsenal, English Premier League 2003/04)
2. Fernandinho (Manchester city, English Premier League 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19)
3. Alisson (Liverpool, UEFA Champions League 2018/19, the UEFA super Cup 2019, Club world Cup-2019)
4. Juninho Paulista (Middlesbrough, football League Cup-2004)
5. Willian (Chelsea, English Premier League 2014/15, 2016/17, and 2017/18 FA Cup, Europa League 2018/19)
Earlier edition of ESPN presented the top 50 transfers of the Premier League.
According to the materials:
Burda: Return Yarmolenko all will be happy
Bowen: was Hoping for a call-up

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
5x10 "Reborn"
Aired 5 years ago - Aug 30, 2015
The final standoff brings the Masons, the 2nd Mass and their new allies into the bowels of an iconic American location, wrought with new and unpredictable obstacles. Despite great loss along the way, they must persevere with hopes of once and for all reclaiming Earth and humanity.
this might be our last campfire together.
To some of you, that may have been just the boost you needed.
And I don't know who's gonna cross the finish line,
I'm Tom Mason of the 2nd Massachusetts.
I say we move out now, while we got a window.
You're from D.C.?
What about you,
You could use me this last push if you would just trust me.
When they are hatched,
We should turn back.
Getting yourself killed is not something you wanna do.
You're gonna feel a lot better
Hey, I'm gonna... Shh. Shh, shh, shh, shh.
Lieutenant?! Tom!
You took 'em all out, didn't ya, 2nd Lieutenant Demarcus Wolf?
Those savages consumed the flesh
I think we're a lot further south than we'd hoped.
S-s-- I'm sorry.
Aah! Aah! Aah!
We got it. You're okay.
I did everything you asked!
Imagine that, Tom.
I'm done killing.
And as the world's survivors emerged
Not really. I-I have a date.
a worldwide one.
5x9 "Reunion"
Tom gains a powerful new weapon against the Espheni; Ben attempts to extract enemy plans.
Tom Mason of the 2nd Massachusetts.
Matt, where you going with that fuel barrel?
spikes don't make you invincible
That's how I feel about this.
We're winning. This isn't over.
I forged a mutual trust with you,
near the Whitehurst freeway.
I guess we'll find out tomorrow.
Open the gate!
4-man escort.
Just knowing what she really is now.
That final moment.
But it wasn't a dream or a vision.
they're gone now, dad. I'm sorry.
That presence -- the arrival of this queen
but not by the Espheni but by the Dorniya?
I just -- I just -- I can't go down that road again.
We're keeping it under wraps right now, Marty.
I would've, yeah.
The mucus it excretes is nasty stuff,
and pray it's something we're familiar with.
and we set sail. I hear what you're saying.
There's too many innocent people between us
Just Pope against mankind!
where I thought I was a pretty good judge of people.
Love ya.
"At the foot of the giant."
I destroyed the Espheni power core -- me!
You think the same applies for us?
about coming back.
The Espheni are getting better and better at it,
Abraham Lincoln's statue. Well, I'll be.
5x8 "Stalag 14th Virginia"
Weaver discovers a shocking truth about an old friend and must decide how to best protect the 2nd Mass. Maggie and Isabella are forced to work together, while the remainder of the 2nd Mass attempts an escape led by Tom.
Got you!
That's enough.
Lieutenant.
and yet you hope that these...alien weapons
I just need to check you out.
You saved my life. Let me save yours.
How'd you find this? Find it?
No, I-I understand that that was beyond your control.
No. It's, uh, I'm not. I'm not. I'm...
Do you know if they, uh...
God, no. Figured after my hitch was up,
if we can work together, we could win.
You're afraid to speak up. You don't wanna be the only one.
We are going to get Tom and Hal.
There's been enough killing.
Don't make no kind of sense, man. Something isn't right.
Fellas, we've gotta get our heads out of this witch hunt.
That's all we've done, is fight and kill the Espheni.
This escalating paranoia is exactly what I'm talking about.
We need to be fighting the enemy, not each other.
Lieutenant Wolf was not trained in that kind of combat.
That's the weak spot in the perimeter.
There they are! I see them! Freeze! Stop right there!
Come here, you! You gotta go.
The man's not only a traitor. He's a goddamned coward, too.
Captain, Tom Mason was right. It's a witch hunt.
I believe protocol dictates the prisoners are allowed
and the death of these three brave men next to me
You guys okay?
And our enemies can look like us.
Black blood?
But she still feels.
Yeah. All right.
Ah, good, you're here.
Ben, don't. Ahh!
5x7 "Everybody Has Their Reasons"
The 2nd Mass arrives at a safe haven. As the two groups make plans for the final assault on the Espheni, the 2nd Mass begins to realize that things aren't exactly as they seem.
for an old curmudgeon like yourself.
It's a very impressive arsenal you have here, Captain.
they get hit with a blast of alien mumbo-jumbo.
Let's not try that again.
Awesome. We picked up a satellite-uplink truck on the way.
all fighting a common enemy.
More focused, clean shave.
We've had dead skitters in the lab,
a little cushion out there to fall back on.
A Frenchman who traveled around America in the 1800s,
And how you...
All the 14th?
Just find out wherever they're dumping the food,
That's a little paranoid, don't you think?
I'm not a spy.
Don't say I didn't give you the chance, now, super-freak.
If my son's an Espheni spy, so am I!
Turn in your weapons at the armory.
and tells me he flew a Beamer to the moon.
He said he flew a ship...
Y-yeah, the ones they use for patrol, right?
It reacts.
this hub...
You two are gonna be laid up far worse than he is
and when we're safely off the base,
You should have heard him scream.
And their court-martial will determine to what extent.
Ain't over till it's over.
They pulled out one of my spikes.
Ben's spikes have been a great resource.
The word got out about my father.
5x6 "Respite"
Injured, Tom takes refuge with a unique family who has distanced themselves from the fight, giving him a glimpse of life without war. Hal and Isabella's romance grows as they search for a missing Tom. Meanwhile, The 2nd Mass locates an Espheni device that could be a linchpin to winning the war... if they can figure out how to use it. And Maggie makes a decision that has consequences for her and the entire 2nd Mass. MORE -LESS
Is that some callback to the Revolutionary War?
Let's get to it.
How did you conveniently find that on a map?
I can handle my gear, and you can stop feeling guilty.
You're up. You feeling better?
Dear Lord, we ask you to bless this food,
get our water from the spring.
She died. That was just before our son-in-law
The more we can shield those kids, the better.
Wait. Just -- just wait a second.
no matter what it costs me.
I see the president
if your 15-year-old son knew how to use a goddamned band-aid.
We know the Espheni are hiding something here.
I'm going through it, too, you know?
So why don't we chronologically regurgitate Super Bowl scores?
Kyle is angry,
It's been nice having someone around.
is precisely what I learned from her.
How about, uh, that right there?
Take me with you.
No, no, no! Take it easy.
But the fact that you're alive and not paralyzed
get back to focusing on winning the war.
5x5 "Non-Essential Personnel"
Aired 5 years ago - Jul 26, 2015
The 2nd Mass leaves Chinatown en route to what they hope will be the final Espheni battle. Along the way, they encounter a deranged and desperate gunman who takes Weaver hostage. Meanwhile, Tom sets off to rescue Hal from Pope and his dangerous group of survivors.
Exile, proscribed, cut off.
Sight lines in every direction.
The rest of you can stay, if you want.
That engine's purr will broadcast our position
Can't get through. Got us boxed in both sides.
is because they expect something in return.
His father killed someone...
the way that Sara died in front of you?
But when you hear his voice...
Aaaah!
Let's just give them our damn ammo.
One more step, and you die!
Wha--
We can overrun you.
Easy. Okay. Okay.
I've got it under control.
Listen to me. I can get you to my people safely.
I'll give you a sip of water.
No more cryptic bullshit. No more metaphors.
Just leave my son inside?
You would have done anything to protect them.
If I let you go, they're just gonna barge in here
Hornet attacked.
You still don't trust me?
Just right over here. You can just set it down.
Ben, Maggie, stop. Stand down.
I walked those dark roads -- every single one of them.
they're not necessarily gonna be our blood,
My baby!
5x4 "Pope Breaks Bad"
A mission to procure vehicles and fuel goes awry. Cochise shares troubling news with Anne that will test both her medical and leadership skills. Anthony's mental stability and his loyalties are brought into question. Meanwhile, a desperate Pope takes things into his own hands.
Say goodbye to that.
My life-span has reached its conclusion.
Haven't we lost enough people that we love?
My energy is fading, and my father awaits.
We've got to help him.
Hang on one second. That's near the, uh -- the Nazca lines.
All the more reason to get on the road quickly.
Pope, listen.
Grab your weapon. Load up.
And she died for what?
by petty human narcissism!
And every last one of you is being led to the slaughter.
Dai, Kadar, Lyle, Crazy Lee, Jimmy, Sara!
Oh, great. These cans are filled with gasoline.
Kan iemand my hoor?
If they're at SETI, they must be using a very powerful satellite.
She's pristine, Tom.
Tom and Weaver were busy. You were there.
Let's begin immediately. Yes, of course.
Ryan!
Save the thanks for later, okay?
Good. Quite good.
Okay, slow. It's okay. We're right here.
I saw those things.
Of course it is.
Hey, are you okay?
What brave member of the 2nd Mass
and the Mason family doesn't have a scratch on them.
Hey, dad. Let that go, dad.
This is just beginning.
Yes, I think that may be helpful.
...but it never really goes away.
after going through what you went through
cutting my hair.
and complaining, and I don't want to be that guy.
You know him better than that.
5x3 "Hatchlings"
The 2nd Mass discovers the source for the seemingly endless supply of enemy forces. With the Volm's help, Tom's leadership begins to spread to remaining human militias around the world. Hal disobeys his father to help Maggie on a personal mission. Meanwhile, Tom has to make an agonizing choice that ultimately risks one of their own, leaving lasting repercussions for them all. MORE -LESS
5x2 "Hunger Pains"
A surprise skitter attack leaves the 2nd Mass without food. In desperation, Maggie, Ben, Pope, and Sara go on a dangerous mission hoping to find supplies.
I contacted the Volm orbiting team as you requested.
You're right, but reclaiming territory
but I've never seen anything like this.
We don't have a compound microscope.
These attacks are averaging every 15 minutes.
Definitely can't trust her.
I'll save you some.
That's a smart move, Ben.
So, what's it taste like? What's it like?
Right there.
Count me in. What?
Cover fire!
Almost there. Almost.
if we keep walking this tightrope.
Some message from someone who saved you?
Yeah, let's just hope the ghosts didn't eat all the food.
Merry Christmas. Thank you.
to steam roll our way back into camp.
That's why it's pointless to know new people around here.
that girl from Great Britain might have been like
We have people back at our camp in desperate need of food.
You got to let us out.
But he broke from it, and he found me.
On the bright side,
Hal? Hal? He's unconscious!
How long have I been completely useless like this?
I hope they hold up.
I'll go with you. No.
It's kind of like the old normal, but...
5x1 "Find Your Warrior"
Aired 5 years ago - Jun 28, 2015
On the heels of Tom and Lexi's successful albeit tragic mission to destroy the Espheni power core on the moon, we pick up with Tom's life hanging in the balance as his Beamer drifts into space. While onboard the beamer, Tom encounters a surprising guest who urges him to find his inner warrior. Meanwhile, back on earth, Anne reluctantly steps into Tom's shoes to help lead the 2nd Mass in his absence. Against all odds, Tom makes a miraculous, yet mysterious return to earth. Once reunited with the 2nd Mass, Tom shares a new plan for winning the war. The Espheni, for the first time, are on their heels, and the 2nd Mass will not rest until they are gone from this planet for good. MORE -LESS
I want to take back control of my life,
So, let's do this!
and you still won't die.
Is that some kind of new Volm toy?
But I'm doing a lot of thinking about what it's meant
but they're unprotected and they're vulnerable
Our fleet consists of only three galleons...
Alpha team goes north along the Savannah.
Armed and ready to fight.
Right. Got to stick together.
You can come.
Man, those skitters are starving.
If you're not too afraid.
Just enough juice left in them to give us a scare.
I want to know what I'm killing
Got a canning factory off route 80.
Don't worry. I'm on it.
You already let me go to the moon.
Let's see what those things can do!
I could have sworn I heard something.
Report problem with "Falling Skies"


text:
Q: How can I add my external domain "uat.test.com " to my kubernetes cluster by using nginx-ingress? I am new for kubernetes and Have an issue for ingress nginx for external domain from godaddy. it is called " https://uat.test.com " .I created some yaml for nginx-ingress but I couldn't do that. How can I add "uat.test.com " to my kubernetes cluster by using nginx-ingress?
Below ; They are my steps for my funny and stressful advantures.

*

*Create group and namespace :

az group create --name aks-group --location eastus2

az aks create --resource-group aks-group --name aks-cluster --node-count 3 --generate-ssh-keys -s Standard_B2ms --disable-rbac

kubectl create namespace ingress-basic

*Credentials:

az aks get-credentials -g aks-group -n aks-cluster

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.43.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml

az aks get-credentials -g aks-group -n aks-cluster

kubectl --namespace ingress-basic get services -o wide -w nginx-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller

*install ingress-nginx:

helm install ingress-nginx ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx

helm repo update

helm install nginx-ingress ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx --namespace ingress-basic --set controller.replicaCount=2

kubectl --namespace ingress-basic get services -o wide -w nginx-ingress-ingress-nginx-control

aks-helloworld-one.yaml :
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: aks-helloworld-one
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: aks-helloworld-one
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: aks-helloworld-one
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: aks-helloworld-one
        image: mcr.microsoft.com/azuredocs/aks-helloworld:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        env:
        - name: TITLE
          value: "Welcome to Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: aks-helloworld-one
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 80
  selector:
    app: aks-helloworld-one

kubectl apply -f aks-helloworld-one.yaml --namespace ingress-basic

aks-helloworld-two.yml:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: aks-helloworld-two
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: aks-helloworld-two
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: aks-helloworld-two
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: aks-helloworld-two
        image: mcr.microsoft.com/azuredocs/aks-helloworld:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        env:
        - name: TITLE
          value: "AKS Ingress Demo"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: aks-helloworld-two
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 80
  selector:
    app: aks-helloworld-two

kubectl apply -f aks-helloworld-two.yaml --namespace ingress-basic

hello-world-ingress.yml:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: hello-world-ingress
  namespace: ingress-basic
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$1
spec:
  rules:
  - host: uat.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: aks-helloworld-one
          servicePort: 80
        path: /hello-world-one(/|$)(.*)
      - backend:
          serviceName: aks-helloworld-two
          servicePort: 80
        path: /hello-world-two(/|$)(.*)
      - backend:
          serviceName: aks-helloworld-one
          servicePort: 80
        path: /(.*)
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: hello-world-ingress-static
  namespace: ingress-basic
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /static/$2
spec:
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: aks-helloworld-one
          servicePort: 80
        path: /static(/|$)(.*)

kubectl apply -f hello-world-ingress.yaml

When I write address "https://uat.test.com "
Result or Error:

A: // as discussed in the comments
somewhere you need to bind the public IP address of your clusters ingress controller to your DNS name. That does not happen in AKS (or anywhere in your k8s configs). You need to do that with your DNS provider.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Federal soil researchers break into literary world
Dec 24, 2020 Crops
Alta. fire destroys 6,000 hay bales
Wheat-bread price link denied
Large sugar beet pile rots in southern Alta.
By Barb Glen
A 16-page book called Soil Biodiversity: What's Most Important, placed second in an international writing competition. | Supplied photo
A Lethbridge research scientist in biogeochemistry and a biogeochemistry technician have won an international prize in children's literature.
Ben Ellert and Katelyn Lutes, who work for Agriculture Canada from the Lethbridge Research Centre, teamed up to write and illustrate a book that placed second in a contest organized by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Union of Soil Sciences and the Global Soil Partnership.
Their 16-page book is entitled Soil Biodiversity: What's Most Important? It was chosen as the second-place winner from among more than 100 entries from six different countries. The winners were announced from Rome on World Soil Day Dec. 5.
Ellert said he hopes Agriculture Canada will print copies of the book, which has already been translated into French.
"For communicating with children I think it's nice to be able to sit down with an analog real paper copy of a book and turn the pages and point to the pictures. Even if a young child can't read all the text, they can sort of follow along the story line."
That story line involves six characters who insist their area of soil study is most important in terms of biodiversity. Billy the Botanist, Edward the Entomologist, Mo the Microbiologist, Zoey the Soil Zoologist, Melody the Mycologist and Emily the Ecologist eventually agree that all research into soil is important.
Ellert said none of the scientists directly resemble the many Agriculture Canada researchers and others who were consulted on the content, although he and Lutes did joke about including a disclaimer in that regard.
The book is richly illustrated by Lutes, who said she had to think creatively to draw the many elements of soil biology.
"The scale, the size of things that we actually have in the soil, it was hard to show with the illustrations because you've got these tiny, tiny little mites and even smaller bacteria and then you might also have a cow or a plant in the same picture. I found that was a challenge, which is why I did the magnifying glasses occasionally."
The contest guidelines stipulated a focus on the six- to 11-year age group but Ellert and Lutes think their book might be suited to slightly older children too. Ellert consulted teachers during the project and was told to avoid "talking down" to kids.
"I've had positive feedback from educators at this point. I know one fellow put it on his assigned reading for his university course already … so that's kind of encouraging."
Colleagues at the research centre checked early drafts of the text to ensure accuracy. Several had helpful suggestions.
"In the beginning, we were a little bit hard on earthworms. That was pointed out to us," said Lutes. "And we did add in the millipedes and the centipedes based on a recommendation. We wanted to make sure that we sent it to the people who are experts in the field."
Katelyn Lutes, a biogeochemistry technician at Agriculture Canada's research centre in Lethbridge, illustrated the book. | Supplied photo
The years 2015-24 have been declared the International Decade of Soils, which may be some of the impetus behind recent attention on the importance of soil in biodiversity, food production, climate and other aspects of life.
"Right now the catchword is soil health. That's a term that has morphed throughout history," said Ellert.
"When I started out over 20 years ago, everybody was talking about soil quality, and it's hard enough to define what soil health is, let alone soil quality. These terms morph a little bit. There certainly is a lot of interest in it right now.
"The new science is metagenomics and that is something that I thought for sure we had to put in there. It's a little bit of a heavy concept and a big word but I think we're going to be hearing more and more about that."
Lutes' illustrations range from dung beetles to DNA and mycorrhizae to rhizobium.
"I took enjoyment from drawing every single one of the pages and refining the text as I went along," she said.
"The points that I kind of wanted to drive home were that there are so many soil organisms and a lot of them we don't even know yet, so it's kind of exciting to study. And also that humans have a direct influence on the soil biodiversity, which then affects what we can get from the soil. I just wanted to make kids or anyone who's reading it sort of aware that there's more than meets the eye. Its not just dirt."
The book and other finalists in the contest can be found online at www.fao.org/world-soil-day/bookcontest/en/.
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text:
.class public interface abstract Landroid/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser;
.super Ljava/lang/Object;
.source "ICameraDeviceUser.java"

# interfaces
.implements Landroid/os/IInterface;

# annotations
.annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/MemberClasses;
    value = {
        Landroid/hardware/camera2/ICameraDeviceUser$Stub;
    }
.end annotation

# static fields
.field public static final CONSTRAINED_HIGH_SPEED_MODE:I = 0x1

.field public static final NORMAL_MODE:I = 0x0

.field public static final NO_IN_FLIGHT_REPEATING_FRAMES:I = -0x1

.field public static final TEMPLATE_MANUAL:I = 0x6

.field public static final TEMPLATE_PREVIEW:I = 0x1

.field public static final TEMPLATE_RECORD:I = 0x3

.field public static final TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE:I = 0x2

.field public static final TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:I = 0x4

.field public static final TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:I = 0x5

.field public static final VENDOR_MODE_START:I = 0x8000

# virtual methods
.method public abstract beginConfigure()V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract cancelRequest(I)J
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract createDefaultRequest(I)Landroid/hardware/camera2/impl/CameraMetadataNative;
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract createInputStream(III)I
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract createStream(Landroid/hardware/camera2/params/OutputConfiguration;)I
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract deleteStream(I)V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract disconnect()V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract endConfigure(I)V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract finalizeOutputConfigurations(ILandroid/hardware/camera2/params/OutputConfiguration;)V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract flush()J
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract getCameraInfo()Landroid/hardware/camera2/impl/CameraMetadataNative;
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract getInputSurface()Landroid/view/Surface;
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract prepare(I)V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract prepare2(II)V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract setParameters(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract submitRequest(Landroid/hardware/camera2/CaptureRequest;Z)Landroid/hardware/camera2/utils/SubmitInfo;
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract submitRequestList([Landroid/hardware/camera2/CaptureRequest;Z)Landroid/hardware/camera2/utils/SubmitInfo;
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract tearDown(I)V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

.method public abstract waitUntilIdle()V
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Landroid/os/RemoteException;
        }
    .end annotation
.end method

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Preview Performances of DES MOINES at Theatre for a New Audience Rescheduled to Due Covid
Previews originally scheduled November 29-Dec 3 are cancelled. Previews will now begin Sunday, December 4.
by Chloe Rabinowitz Nov. 28, 2022
Tickets from: $82
Due to Covid cases within the company, Theatre for a New Audience is canceling five preview performances of the Off-Broadway premiere of iconic American writer Denis Johnson's Des Moines, directed by Arin Arbus and featuring Johanna Day, Arliss Howard, Hari Nef, Michael Shannon, and Heather Alicia Simms. Previews originally scheduled November 29-Dec 3 are cancelled. Previews will now begin Sunday, December 4.
A new opening date will be announced.
In this mysterious work, chance events-including a plane crash, a rescued wedding ring, and a frightening diagnosis-bring five characters in its titular city together for a debauch of karaoke, liquor, and sex that becomes an unlikely communion. With its dark humor, Des Moines confronts death, mortality, and the stubborn pursuit of grace among those who barely believe in it. "What I write about," Johnson once told New York Magazine, "Is the dilemma of living in a fallen world, and asking why it is like this if there's supposed to be a God."
Des Moines' imperfect, haunted characters-familiar traits within Johnson's acclaimed body of work-will be played by two-time Tony nominee Johanna Day (Sweat, Peter and Jerry, August: Osage County, Proof), Arliss Howard (Mank, Joe Turner's Come and Gone, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Full Metal Jacket), Hari Nef ("Daddy", Assassination Nation, Transparent; Upcoming: The Idol), Michael Shannon (TFANA: The Killer. Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune, Knives Out, Revolutionary Road) and Heather Alicia Simms (TFANA: Fairview, Richard III; By the Way, Meet Vera Stark; Ma Rainey's Black Bottom). The creative team includes Riccardo Hernández (Scenic Designer), Qween Jean (Costume Designer), Scott Zielinski (Lighting Designer), Mikaal Sulaiman (Sound Designer), and Byron Easley (Choreographer).
Director Arin Arbus observes, "Denis Johnson was a keen and loving observer of life. He wrote about what's holy and hilarious and hard in our daily lives and was interested in the eternal human struggle to be awake to life in an uncontrollable and incomprehensible universe."
Johnson, a National Book Award winner for his 2007 novel Tree of Smoke, who was twice shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize, was known for his "novels and short stories about the fallen [that] emerged in ecstatic, hallucinatory and sometimes minimalist prose" (Richard Sandomir, The New York Times). Michiko Kakutani wrote of Johnson in The New York Times, "He used his startling gift for language to create word pictures as detailed and visionary, and as varied, as paintings by Edward Hopper and Hieronymus Bosch, capturing the lives of outsiders - the lost, the dispossessed, the damned - with empathy and unsparing candor...There is a fierce, ecstatic quality to Mr. Johnson's strongest work that lends his characters and their stories an epic, almost mythic dimension, in the best American tradition of Melville and Whitman."
About Denis Johnson (Playwright)
Denis Johnson is the author of nine novels, three books of verse, two short story collections, a novella, and seven plays. He received many awards and honors, including The National Book Award for Fiction (Tree of Smoke), the Library of Congress Award for American Fiction, and the Aga Khan Prize for Fiction from the Paris Review. In 2014, Denis Johnson was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was twice shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize. Two of his works were adapted into a film: his book of short stories, Jesus' Son, starring Billy Crudup and Samantha Morton, and most recently Stars at Noon, directed by Claire Denis. His plays have been produced in New York, San Francisco, Chicago, and Seattle.
About Arin Arbus (Director)
Arin Arbus (Director) is the Resident Director at TFANA, where she directed The Winter's Tale, The Skin of Our Teeth (Obie Award), Strindberg's The Father and Ibsen's Doll's House in rep, King Lear, Much Ado About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew, Macbeth, Measure for Measure, Othello, and most recently the critically acclaimed The Merchant of Venice starring John Douglas Thompson. She directed Terrence McNally's Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune (Tony nom for best revival) with Audra McDonald and Michael Shannon on Broadway. Arbus spent several years making theatre with prisoners in association with Rehabilitation Through the Arts and in 2018, she directed an adaptation of The Tempest in a refugee camp in Greece for The Campfire Project.
Johanna Day
(Marta) Broadway: How I Learned to Drive, The Nap, Sweat (Tony Nomination), You Can't Take It With You, August: Osage County, Lombardi, Proof (Tony Nomination). Theatre: Floyd's (Guthrie), Peace for Mary Francis (New Group), Peter and Jerry (Second Stage - Drama Desk Nomination), Appropriate (Signature - Obie Award, The Lilly Award), Poor Behavior (Mark Taper), Realistic Joneses (Yale), Choice (Huntington), The Rainmaker (Arena Stage - Helen Hayes Award), How I Learned to Drive (Vineyard). Television: Bull, The Good Fight, Madam Secretary (5 Years Recurring), For Life, New Amsterdam, The Blacklist, Escape at Dannemora, The Knick, The Americans, Masters of Sex. Film: Worth, The Post, The Great Gilly Hopkins, How Far She Went, The Breatharian.
(Dan) has worked with some of the most admired directors in film history, including Stanley Kubrick in Full Metal Jacket, Oliver Stone in Natural Born Killers, and Steven Spielberg in both Lost World and Amistad. He was recently seen as Louis B. Mayer in David Fincher's Mank, and will also be seen in Fincher's upcoming feature, The Killer, with Michael Fassbender. He starred in Men Don't Leave with Jessica Lange and with Michelle Pfeiffer in Tequila Sunrise. Amongst many notable performances, Arliss was featured in Moneyball, Birth, and Sandlot. A distinguished theatre actor, Howard appeared on Broadway in the Tony Award-winning play Joe Turner's Come and Gone. Among his other extensive credits: Signature Theatre Company's productions of Sam Shepard's The Late Henry Moss and Killer's Head, The American Repertory Company's How I Learned to Drive, In the Jungle of Cities, Ivanov, and Uncle Vanya. At The New York Theatre Workshop, he starred in Caryl Churchill's A Number, and Ivo van Hove's production of Ingmar Bergman's Scenes from a Marriage.
Hari Nef
(Jimmy). Nominated for a SAG award in 2016 for her role as Gittel in the Amazon series Transparent (2015), Nef is also known for playing Blythe in the Netflix series You (2018), a lead in the Sam Levinson film Assassination Nation (2018), and Katherine in the Season 4 opener of HBO's Room 104 (2020). Nef was recently cast in a series regular role in ABC's reboot of LA LAW, and she can be seen appearing in Amazon's award winning series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, and playing Rabbi Jen in the season 1 finale of the HBO series And Just Like That. Most recently Hari starred in the Amazon comedy 1UP, as well as starring in Simchas and Sorrows, which she also produced. Nef will next be seen starring in the Warner Brother's feature, Barbie, directed by Greta Gerwig. With additional notable roles in Hellaware (2013), Let Me Die a Nun (2017), and Mapplethorpe (2018), Nef shared the screen with Jennifer Garner, Busy Philipps, and Nicole Richie as Nia in the HBO's Camping (2018). She made her off-Broadway debut in 2019 in Jeremy O. Harris' "Daddy." In 2021, Hari's writing appeared in GQ, L'Officiel, A24 publication, and three times in Artforum. She lives in New York City.
(Father Michael) is an Academy Award, Golden Globe, and Tony Award nominated actor. He previously performed at TFANA in Ionesco's The Killer, directed by Tony Award winner Darko Tresnjak, and collaborated with Arin Arbus in Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune on Broadway, alongside Audra McDonald. Shannon recently wrapped his film directorial debut, Eric LaRue, based on the Brett Neveu play that debuted at A Red Orchid Theatre (of which Shannon is a founder) in Chicago in 2002. Shannon will soon be seen starring opposite Jessica Chastain in Spectrum/Paramount+ limited series, George & Tammy. He is currently filming Jeff Nichols' The Bikeriders, marking Shannon's eighth re-team with Nichols, with previous collaborations including Loving, Hank the Cowdog, Midnight Special, Take Shelter, Mud, and Shotgun Stories.
Shannon received acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for his role in Sam Mendes' Revolutionary Road; was nominated for Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, Critics Choice, Gotham, and Film Independent Spirit Awards for Ramin Bahrani's 99 Homes; and nominated for an Academy Award and Critics Choice Award for Tom Ford's Nocturnal Animals. His filmography features nearly ninety roles in film. TV credits include Nine Perfect Strangers, The Little Drummer Girl, Room 104, Fahrenheit 451, Waco, and Boardwalk Empire. Notable theater credits include Shannon's direction of the world premiere of Brett Neveu's Traitor and The Roundabout Theater Company's revival of Long Day's Journey into Night (Tony nomination, Drama Desk Award).
Heather Alicia Simms
(Mrs. Drinkwater) was last seen at TFANA in the Soho Rep production of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Fairview. Select theater-Broadway: Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, A Raisin in the Sun. Off-Broadway: Fabulation and By The Way, Meet Vera Stark (Signature 2019 Obie Award), Richard III (Delacorte), born bad (Soho Rep), Barbecue (The Public), The Exonerated (The Culture Project/Riverside Studios UK). Television: The Kings Of Napa as Yvette King, Marvel's Luke Cage, Bull, Blue Bloods, High Maintenance, The Last O.G., Broad City, Seven Seconds, and Law & Order. Film: Vampires vs. The Bronx, Red Hook Summer, The Nanny Diaries, Broken Flowers, Head of State. Awards and Affiliations: Fox Foundation Fellowship Recipient Round 4, Audie Award, The Actors Center, Education:Tufts University,
B.A., Columbia University, MFA.
Riccardo Hernández
Broadway: Jagged Little Pill (Tony Award Nomination); Indecent;The Gin Game; The Gershwins' Porgy and Bess; The People in the Picture; Caroline, or Change (also National Theatre London); Elaine Stritch: At Liberty (also Old Vic); Topdog/Underdog, (also Royal Court); Bells Are Ringing; Parade (directed by Hal Prince, Tony, Drama Desk nominations); Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk;The Tempest. International: Théâtre du Châtelet, Avignon Festival (Cour d'honneur Palais des Papes), Oslo National Theatre, Abbey Theatre. Recipient, Obie Award for Sustained Excellence in Design. Hernández is an Associate Professor and Co-Chair of the Yale School of Drama.
Mikaal Sulaiman
(Sound Designer) Broadway: Death of a Salesman, Cost of Living, Macbeth (Tony nom.), Thoughts of a Colored Man. Off-Broadway: Evanston Salt Cost Climbing (The New Group), Fat Ham (NYTW), Sanctuary City (Drama Desk nom.), On Sugarland (NYTW), Fairview (Drama Desk nom.), Rags Parkland (Drama Desk, Lortel noms.), Passage (Soho Rep), Thanksgiving Play (Playwrights Horizons), Light Shining in Buckinghamshire (NYTW), Underground Railroad Game (Ars Nova), The Institute of Memory (EMO), Skittles Commercial: The Broadway Musical. Recipient: Creative Capital Award, Henry Hewes Award, and CTG Sherwood Award, Head of Sound Design MFA program at Yale University. www.mikaal.com
Qween Jean
(Costume Designer) is a New York City based Costume Designer who has fully committed her voice to the advocacy of marginalized communities, emphasizing Black Trans people. She is thrilled to be collaborating with Arin on Des Moines. She recently designed Wedding Band at TFANA. Recent theatre: soft, Corsicana, Hound Dog, On Sugarland, Black No More, I Need Space, Macbeth In Stride, Semblance, Our Dear Dead Drug Lord, Siblings Play, Amen Corner, Rags Parkland Sings The Songs For The Future, Good Grief, Othello, and the acclaimed What to Send Up When It Goes Down. MFA from NYU Tisch. Black Trans Lives Matter!
Byron Easley
(Choreographer) Slave Play on Broadway (Antonyo Award Nomination) and NYTW, X: Or Betty Shabazz V. The Nation (Lucille Lortel Award nomination), The Bubbly Black Girl for City Center Encores, Langston in Harlem (SDC's Joe A. Callaway Award and an Audelco Award). Regional: Signature Theatre: Gun & Powder; Olney Theatre: Matilda (Helen Hayes Nomination); Yale Repertory Theatre: Twelfth Night; OSF: Unison, The Wiz, A Comedy of Errors; Arena Stage: Five Guys Named Moe (Helen Hayes Nomination); Alliance Theatre: Jelly's Last Jam (Suzi Bass Award), Sophisticated Ladies (Suzi Bass Award). Associate arts professor at NYU/Tisch.
About Theatre for a New Audience
Founded in 1979 by Jeffrey Horowitz, and led by Horowitz and Managing Director, Dorothy Ryan, Theatre for a New Audience (TFANA) is home for Shakespeare and other contemporary playwrights. It nurtures artists, culture, and community. Recognizing that each audience is new and different from the last one, TFANA is dedicated to forging an exchange between artist and playgoer that is immediate and direct, and to the ongoing search for a living, human theatre.
With Shakespeare as its supreme guide, TFANA explores the ever-changing forms of world theatre and builds a dialogue spanning centuries between the language and ideas of Shakespeare and diverse authors, past and present. TFANA is committed to building long-term associations with artists from around the world and supporting the development of plays, translations, and productions through residences, workshops and commissions. TFANA performs for an audience of all ages and backgrounds; is devoted to economic access; and promotes a vibrant exchange of ideas through its humanities and education programs.
TFANA's productions have played nationally, internationally and on Broadway. In 2001, it became the first American theatre company invited to bring a production of Shakespeare to the Royal Shakespeare Company.
TFANA created and runs the largest in-depth program to introduce Shakespeare and classic drama in New York City's Public Schools. Since its inception in 1984, the program has served more than 140,000 students.
In 2013, TFANA opened its first permanent home, Polonsky Shakespeare Center (PSC), in the Brooklyn Cultural District. The heart of PSC is its performance space: the 299-seat Samuel H. Scripps Mainstage, a uniquely flexible space with extraordinary acoustics, capable of multiple configurations between stage and audience; as well as the 50-seat Theodore C. Rogers Studio.
In addition to productions, TFANA supports ongoing artistic development through the Merle Debuskey Studio Program, which provides artists with residencies and workshops to create and explore outside the pressures of full production.
TFANA honors the Lenape and Canarsie People, on whose ancestral homeland Polonsky Shakespeare Center is built. The organization is committed to rethinking the stories it tells about our history and our connection to each other.
TFANA's 2022-23 Season is dedicated to Celebrating the Memory of Peter Brook. From 2008-2019, TFANA was honored to present seven New York Premieres of works by Shakespeare, Dostoyevsky, Beckett and new plays by Peter Brook and Marie-Hélène Estienne directed by Peter or co-directed by Peter and Marie-Hélène.
Buy Tickets to Des Moines - from: $82
DES MOINES Starring Michael Shannon & More Extends at TFANA
Theatre for a New Audience has announced the extension of the Off-Broadway premiere of Denis Johnson's Des Moines. The final play from the late author now runs through January 8, 2023 (extended from an original closing date of January 1).
Review Roundup: DES MOINES Opens Off-Broadway!
Critics have weighed in on DES MOINES, written by the late Denis Johnson and directed by Arin Arbus. The play, starring Michael Shannon, Hari Nef, Johanna Day, and more, opened December 16th at Theatre For A New Audience and runs through January 1st.
DES MOINES Starring Michael Shannon & More Announces New Preview & Opening Dates
Theatre for a New Audience has announced new preview, press, and opening dates for Denis Johnson's Des Moines. Due to the detection of Covid within the Des Moines company, performances November 29 – December 3 have been canceled, with the production now beginning December 4.
Michael Shannon, Johanna Day & More to Star in DES MOINES Off-Bway
Theatre for a New Audience will present Denis Johnson's Des Moines, the final play from the late author, and the first play by Johnson TFANA has staged, November 29, 2022–January 1, 2023, at Polonsky Shakespeare Center.
KINGFISH Will Play 2023 FRIGID Fringe Festival This Month
Kingfish by Lane McLeod Jackson is a wild ride combining dark humor, dueling egos, miracles, and even a shot at redemption. Tyler Riley directs and stars in this one-of-a-kind exploration of what defines "greatness" while playing the dry-witted and stubborn J.J. Williams (bass fisher extraordinaire).
Lauren Gunderson's EMILIE; LA MARQUISE DU CHATALET DEFENDS HER LIFE TONIGHT to Have NYC Premiere at The Flea
Duende Productions will present the New York Premiere of Emilie; La Marquise du Châtelet Defends Her Life Tonight by Lauren Gunderson at The Flea Theater April 6-30.
Photos: Go Inside Rehearsals for THE HARDER THEY COME at the Public Theater
Get a first look inside rehearsals for THE HARDER THEY COME at The Public Theater!
Will Clegg's SYNCOPE Will Premiere at the 2023 FRIGID Fringe Festival
Celebrated storyteller Will Clegg has been using (but not abusing) marijuana for almost 30 years. It was all fun and games until he started fainting and developed a serious panic disorder. Syncope is his hilarious and often poignant journey to finding balance in his life - physically, intellectually, and emotionally.
Tor Hillhouse Joins The Cast of PERFECT CRIME Off-Broadway
Tor Hillhouse has joined the cast of Off-Broadway's PERFECT CRIME, by stepping into the role of Detective James Asher, stepping in for Michael Halling through February 19th.
Primary Stages Artistic Director Andrew Leynse Has Passed Away
Full Cast Announced for LEWBERGER & THE WIZARD OF FRIENDSHIP: THE MUSICAL Off-Broadway
Review Roundup: Anthony Rapp's WITHOUT YOU Opens
Winners Announced For The 2022 BroadwayWorld Off/Off-Off Broadway Awards
Video: Watch the Trailer for Audible Theater's LUCY, Now Beginning Previews Tomorrow
BROADWAY MERCH
BLOOD COUNTESS
The Players Theatre (1/05-2/05) VIDEOS CAST
The Players Theatre (2/25-4/12)
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All Your Favorite DJs 87 None Stop Hours
Tagged as: AFRO-BEATS, Calypso, CariPop, Dance, Dancehall, Gospel, Hip-Hop, House, Indie, Mashups, Motown, Praise, R&B, Rap, Soca, Talk, Urban Music
4TH OF JULY MIXMASTER
Listen All The Best DJ's In Boston Over The Next 87 Hour Of None Stop Mixing During Our 4TH OF JULY MixMasters WKND Starting Thursday, 4th of July, at 10am! Listen All Weekend to WIN Various Concert Tickets, Plus Some Really Cool B87FM Radio Swag!
THURSDAY, 4TH OF JULY
9AM TO 11AM ↔ DJ NO JOKES
11AM TO 1PM ↔ DJ ALGEE
1PM TO 4PM ↔ DJ DRU NYCE
4PM TO 7PM ↔ JEFF 2X
7PM TO 9PM ↔ AVERI MINOR
9PM TO 12AM ↔ DJ BROTHER O
12AM TO 2AM ↔ DJ AL.GEE
FRIDAY, JULY 5TH
10AM TO 12PM ↔ DJ NO JOKES
3PM TO 5PM ↔ JEFF X2
7PM TO 9PM ↔ DJ AL.GEE
9PM TO 11PM ↔ OX MIGHTY
SATURDAY, JULY 7TH
8AM TO 10AM ↔ DJ JD
10AM TO 1PM ↔ DJ AL GEE
1PM TO 3PM ↔ DJ NO JOKES
3PM TO 6PM ↔ INSIDE THE DANCEHALL
9P TO 12AM ↔ AVERI MINOR
12AM TO 2AM ↔ DJ AL GEE
SUNDAY, JULY 8TH
12PM TO 3PM ↔ DJ FONICS
3PM TO 6PM ↔ OX MIGHTY
6PM TO 8PM ↔ AFRO PULSE SHOW
8PM TO 10PM ↔ HOME GROWN RADIO
10PM TO 12AM ↔ DJ BROTHER O
12AM TO 2AM ↔ AVERI MINOR
July 4th MixMaster crew
BDrive
NewAtTwo
Jeff 2Timez
2Timez is a Boston Massachusetts native one of the founding members of Team Jerk Who wears many hats currently; he is music editor of HipHopWeekly Magazine #1 hip hop magazine in the country. He also Dj's the "New at 2"on B87 FM every Monday through Friday from 2pm-3pm,and you can catch him playing the hottest hits on Saturday nights from 6pm-9pm as he represents the 617 . 2Timez has strived to be undefined and to play music for people worldwide. He has performed professionally as a DJ and music producer with over 20 years of experience. Early in his career as a member of The Hang Men 3 production team he worked with many Grammy award winning artists including Teddy Riley, Dionne Warwick, Nas, Raekwon and Prodigy of Mobb Deep and many more. As a recognized DJ he was commissioned as an international touring DJ for Made Men as they toured with rapper Ja Rule, singer Ashanti and The Cash Money & Ruff Ryders Tour. 2Timez is well known for his effortless ability to blend musical genres for any crowd, capturing cutting edge sound as well as those that are considered classic and timeless. 2Timez continues to amaze audiences with his unique ability to connect with any and everyone within his reach. Whether you need a DJ for a party or an event guaranteed 2timez will take it to a whole new level!
Classic Showcase
Houseparty
DJ Al Gee
Known as "Mr. Let's Go," with his trademark catchphrase, "Let's Go!" He's a benchmark in Boston's music scene for years, DJ Al Gee is a trailblazer and a defining dj on Boston local music scene. DJ AL Gee has been the longtime resident DJ at Boston's Slades and late night urban radio in Boston. Along with hosting a Friday night mixshow, DJ Al Gee also host the very popular throwback/oldies showcase on Saturday mornings, Classic Showcase is a mainstay of Boston urban radio. Friday Night House Party Fridays 🕖 7p to 9pm http://B87fm.com/fnhp Classic Showcase Saturdays 🕙 10a to 1p Plug-In to DJ AL Gee at 🔌 www.Twitter.com/DJALGEE
DJ Fonic
DJ NoJoKeZ
coming soon........
DJ Dru Nyce
From your local basement, house, & hall parties to Boston's # 1 radio stations & clubs comes the only DJ that cannot be called a WACK DJ at any time. . PERIOD!! When he's playing at a club or radio, you are guaranteed to be at attention. He tends to be the most hated because he's in his own class. While the all the other DJs stay in same lane (we call them The Buck 50 DJs), DJ Dru Nyce is in the fast lane cruising. . PAUSE! Affiliations with So So Def, No Wack DJs, We The Best, Future Star DJS & his own team THE MIX KING DJS at his side, he can't be stopped. To contact DJ Dru Nyce: Email him today at DJDRUNYCE@GMAIL.COM INSTAGRAM.COM/DJDRUNYCE TWITTER.COM/DJDRUNYCE FACEBOOK.COM/DJDRUNYCE
Afro Pulse
DJ Eye Pad
DJ JD
Music is a way of life for DJ JD which he connects with spiritually. His musical abilities has no boundaries or any particular language. Anyone can to his style of music and Djing, it is therapeutic and as helped him through life challenges. JD started djing back in his hometown of Lagos, Nigeria in 2010. He soon realised the joy music brought to people, and it inspired him to make it a career. Coming to America was a culture shock for JD, but music helped him to connect with his new environment, the different cultures and people. Afrobeats is a genre that infuses the Nigerian/African sound with other genres, it is a vibrant, exhilarating and a carefree sound with feel-good and positive vibes. DJ JD's goal with his DJ career is to spread love and the African culture through music and create value for upcoming Dj's and creatives. Today, he stands as one of Boston's premier Afrobeat/Dancehall DJs and also play various open format of music.
JKool
Not since the late '80 when dancehall sound systems such as Jamaica's Stone Love Movement and King Addies in New York City who were acknowledge as two of dancehall's most popular figures had a dancehall DJ attained such prominent status among the masses as Boston's DJ Jeunya Kool aka DJ JKool and Evalast Movements. Throughout the 1990s as a youngster he was an impact player in Boston's large local reggae music scene, capable of making or breaking artists with his homegrown position as the city's top young deejay/selector. By the mid '90s, JKool was getting involved with designing billboard and leaflets for most of the clubs in the metro Boston area, the Avalon, and his years of experience as a selector provided him with keen earring for mixing, which made the transition to producing a seamless one. He gained additional technical skills as a top recording arts student at Arts Institute of Boston, formerly Massachusetts Communications College. After completing his degree, JKool designed and built his own studio and created his own recording label. His talent for recording and mixing tracks became well known throughout the Boston and New England area. A decade later, as a producer, he had creative input on Reggae, Soca, Hip-Hop, Reggaeton, and R&B projects. His well equipped studio and production expertise are often requested by well-known reggae artists such as Beenie Man, Richie Spice, Freddy McGregor, Mad Cobra, Delly Ranx, and TOK amongst others. He is one of the world's few Djs who possess a production degree in the arts of making reggae music. At the end of the decade, JKool had not only established himself as a serious music man through his producing and production ability, but his popularity only continued to rise, landing him a coveted position as a resident DJ on Boston's fame Lansdowne Street, home of Avalon Ballroom (now the Boston House of Blues), which was named America's Super Club multiple times over the past 10 years. Though dancehall DJs such as Rory from Stone Love and Toney Matterhorn from King Addies had been recognizable names in the late '80s and '90s, JKool was the first reggae dancehall DJ without any big name sound affiliation to match the popular success of that magical time in reggae dancehall's history, harking back to the early days of dancehall when the DJ overshadowed the MC. A native of St. Elizabeth, Jamaica, JKool was born as Cecil White and migrated to the United States with his parent in 1987, at the young tender age of 11. Only one year later he bought his first set of turntables at the age 12, influenced by early dancehall DJs such as Barry G, he set to perfect the art of entertaining people with his djing abilities. His genius as a selector/dj and music man made him the obvious choice to open for artists such as Rihanna, Damian Marley, Collie Buddz, Beenie Man, Sean Paul, Buju Banton, and Capleton. During a performance at Boston's Monster Jam, 3 times Grammy winner Damian "Jr Gong" Marley requested J Kool to be his backing DJ for an estimated sold-out audience of 18,000 people. To his credit, he has since done numerous DJ backing duties for the Multi-Grammy winning artist across America and beyond. JKool & Evalast Movement also hold the distinction of being the only sound/dj in the world to tour America with the likes of Gregory Isaacs, Buju Banton, Capleton, Morgan Heritage, and more on the One Love Fest Tour, which was the last dancehall tour to tour the entire United States. In the past 10 years, JKool has embarked on a radio career as Dj and co-host of America's #1 rated dancehall/reggae program, Inside Dah Dancehall, which at one point was a top ten Podcast radio show on the I-tunes podcast network nationally. In 1990, JKool released his first mix album, Mix-up Vol. 1, and followed this album with two more volumes all of which were distributed independently to the end of the '90s. In 1998, he mixed a collection of Dennis Brown's biggest dancehall reggae anthems for the Best Of Dennis Brown, along with a new Lover's Lane series. In addition to being a radio DJ, studio engineer, and successful mix tape artist, JKool has also served as a studio consultant for various studios throughout Massachusetts and New England. Today, DJ JKool has proven he is a lover of music whose style and approach transcends genres. His versatility makes him an easy selection to musically entertain all. He appeals to the young; the old, reggae/soca, and hip hop lovers. He lives for the music and the joy it brings to his audience whether he is playing inside the dancehall or giving creative input on a recording.


...especially if you are Harmony Parker with a lucky 50p piece. What other people don't understand, however, is exactly how powerful that curious coin is.
In the wrong hands, matters can get out of hand. As for Harmony, she's got her gruesome gran, her spiteful sister and her bankrupt dad to contend with.
Never in the history of mankind has a 50p piece had to work so hard.


subsidiary ESCRYPT. Established in 1994, ETAS GmbH is a 100-percent subsidiary of the Bosch Group, with international offices in Europe, North and South America, and Asia.
Solution Development: Propose and specify tailored ETAS SE solutions that improve the customer's software development processes. Lead and manage technical interaction with customers - including developing a good understanding of their use cases, developing appropriate solutions using ETAS standard products and engineering, and driving customer requirements into ETAS product development as needed. Serve as the interface between the customer, product development, solution management and product management.
Technical Expert: Establish and maintain a strong understanding of both existing key customer as well as newer strategic customers' embedded software development processes, especially as it relates to the development of embedded software. Create and maintain demo and training material for both internal and external use. Execute key evaluation and integration projects. Represent ETAS at relevant industry events as well on social media.
Business Development: Support the pre-sales cycle and overall account strategy in close coordination with the account manager(s) through presentations, demonstrations, managing customer evaluation projects etc. Help sales team understand the proper positioning of ETAS SE solutions in order to target the right customer group. Identify and prioritize key customer activities by matching needs with available product/solution maturity.
Hands-on knowledge and experience with vehicle communication buses (CAN, LIN, Ethernet), basic software, real-time operating systems, compilers, and microcontrollers/ ECUs.
Experience in handling customer interaction and working with internal cross-functional teams – including organizational, interpersonal, communication and problem solving skills.


Interestingly, in November 2017, Ryde borrowed $100,000 from Appcoin Innovations Inc., a pink sheets company (recently renamed to symbol ICOX).
Appcon has two executives and no employees, with current assets of $195,000 and current liabilities of $260,000, not exactly a lender with deep pockets.
Appcoin actually lent the money to WENN Digital Inc, which in turn sent it to Ryde GmbH. Turns out, Appcoin is also a provider of coin offering services to WENN Digital and expects to get paid in coins.
But wait, there is more: according to Appcoin's filings it owns 7.5% of WENN Digital and Appcoin Chairman Chell is a director of two other companies with an additional 12.5% position in Wenn Digital.
While the details are still a little murky, it appears that the system will be built on the Ethereum blockchain, which has been designed to handle business transactions, digital asset transactions certainly being prime candidates. The Ethereum blockchain has its own crypto-currency Ether, which could certainly be used for payments, but "Kodak Coins" may resonate better with photographers and help the acceptance of the system. So it looks more like an opportunity for Kodak to monetize its remaining brand value, rather than a technology contribution. While WENN Digital is handling the business, Kodak will get an unspecified royalty from all transaction and will start its own "coin mining operation" in Rochester. The term "coin mining" is somewhat misleading. Crypto currencies require consensus based certification of each addition to the blockchain. The computers providing that service - and using lots of energy in the process - get rewarded with new coins. I am speculating, but somebody has to provide the service for a new coin until the big boys get interested. With Bitcoin mining using as much electricity as Denmark (some 32 TWh), becoming a player in coin mining would be a real change for Kodak.
All in all, it looks like a very clever idea, designed to be disruptive to photography agencies like Getty Images. Of course, one cannot help but wonder how a Berlin company with a $100,000 loan got be at the center of this Kodak moment.
While the terms of Kodak's royalty deal are unknown, the increase in value of over $200 million, following the announcement, seems to be a little optimistic. In any case, it set the clock back by about two years and some investors will surely use it to get out alive.
In the long run it might be more interesting to follow WENN Digital and its shareholders, including the pink sheets company ICOX.
Where did you learn that the system will be built on the Ethereum blockchain?
There's unsubstantiated rumors that it may be on the Stratis blockchain.
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Reviews/Theatre
A feast for the eyes, ears and brain
Posted byXan Ashbury	 September 19, 2017 March 4, 2020 Leave a comment on A feast for the eyes, ears and brain
Reading time • 4 minutesTheatre
Powerful potential not yet realised
How Alex got her luck back
Welcome to the pitty party
Review: Laika: A Staged Radio Play, Second Chance Theatre •
The Blue Room Theatre, 13 September •
Review by Xan Ashbury •
Even if, like me, you were a teenager in the 80s, you've probably heard of Laika.
It's a great story: the stray dog from the streets of Moscow, who became one of the first animals in space and the first dog to orbit the earth. The dog who died painlessly after her oxygen ran out; the hero who paved the way for human space missions. Only, that's just the sanitised story.
Sputnik 2, the Soviet spacecraft carrying Laika in November 1957, was hastily designed with no time for testing or quality checks. There was no mechanism to bring Laika back to earth and she died about five hours into the journey from heat exhaustion – facts that were covered up for almost half a century.
Photo: David Cox Media
Laika, the dog, is part myth, part symbol.
Laika: A Staged Radio Play, is a feast for the eyes, ears and brain. Written and directed by Scott McArdle, this new work based on historical events is presented by Second Chance Theatre
The play begins with a frame narrative. Five wedding guests shelter during a storm in an old recording studio. After finding a set of radio play scripts, they assign parts and read to pass the time (without any accents, one of them commands, thankfully). At four microphones spaced across the front of the stage, they take on the roles of Yuri Gagarin (St John Cowcher), the first man to go into space; Sergei Korolev (Arielle Gray), the Soviet space program's ruthless chief engineer; Vasily Mishin (Daniel Buckle), Korolev's right-hand man; and, most importantly, flight technician Natalya Volkov (Taryn Ryan).
Seamlessly, the scripts disappear and thanks to the magic of theatre, we are immersed in the drama of the space race, without the trappings of costumes or set.
But this production is far more than four actors at microphones. From the evocative music, to the projection of archival footage, stars and moon, the audio and visual elements are stunning.
The play's novelty and brilliance is also enhanced by the "Live Foley", performed by Andrew David. Foley (named after sound effects pioneer Jack Donovan Foley) began as an artform in the 1920s. Because radio drama pre-dated effective recording equipment, a sound effects person created all those footsteps and squeaky doors for radio plays live.
As well as offering an amusing and mesmerising sensory experience (a cross between watching a live orchestra and a celebrity DJ at the decks) Live Foley works on a symbolic level in this play. We can see the traditionally unseen. The "steam train" a radio audience would have sworn was real, is exposed as a bicycle pump; the "rocket launch" as an aluminium wobble board.
And, for me, while this play is about the space race, it is really about truth-telling and propaganda and power and ethics.
In one of the opening scenes, Laika is in distress, barking as the heat becomes intense. Yet the decision is made to cut the sound, so that the time of her death could be concealed. Natalya's abhorrence of this callous act, the first of many, endears her to the audience.
The play's novelty and brilliance is also enhanced by the "Live Foley", performed by Andrew David. Photo: David Cox Media
As the years go on, Russia's competition with the US for space exploration and ideological dominance intensifies. Korolov pushes harder, taking more risks. Some of the missions are doomed and it cost lives. Our hearts are in our mouths every time that wobble board strikes up and another rocket launches.
McArdle describes his play as a punk story. "A reminder to challenge and rebel, to fight the system and to dream. Looking at the political state of superpowers the world round, we need this reminder more than ever."
Like punk, it packs a punch, but given its skilful design and nuanced performances, it is positively symphonic.
Laika: A Staged Radio Play is on at the Blue Room Theatre until September 30.
Top photo: David Cox Media
Xan Ashbury
Xan Ashbury is a teacher who spent a decade writing for newspapers and magazines in Australia and the UK. She won the Shorelines Writing for Performance Prize in 2014-17. Her favourite piece of playground equipment is the flying fox.
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text:
Capital city neighbors
Hvammstangi
Blönduós
Skagaströnd
Sauðárkrókur
Hofsós
Siglufjörður
Ólafsfjörður
Dalvík
Akureyri town in northern Iceland
Grenivík
Húsavík
Raufarhöfn
Þórshöfn
Bakkafjörður
Raufarhöfn the tiny northern most village in Iceland
The church was designed by Iceland's most prominent architect, Guðjón Samúelsson and built in 1927
Raufarhöfn in the north east on Melrakkasétta plain is one of the smallest villages in Iceland
Raufarhöfn is one of the smallest villages in Iceland
Raufarhöfn cultural center in the north east on Melrakkasétta plain is one of the smallest villages in Iceland
Raufarhöfn camping in the north east on Melrakkasétta plain is one of the smallest villages in Iceland
It is hard to imagine when you come to this tiny village on the edge of becoming deserted, that it was once one of the largest export harbors in Iceland. Labeled as the northernmost village in Iceland, Raufarhöfn is also one of the smallest and most isolated villages in the country. In the forties and the fifties when the Herring frenzy dominated Iceland's economic life Raufarhöfn became one of the main centers for salting and processing herring. Processing plants were built, and people invested in houses and companies. Hundreds rushed to Raufarhöfn because there was a lot of work and good salary.
Hope and further development disappeared with the Herring
Although the distance to the fishing grounds played a role in this development, it was also due to a good harbor conditions. Raufarhöfn had been a well-known trading place from the early 19th century and offered necessary service to its residents and other small villages on the Melrakkaslétta plain. But then everything ended in the sixties when the Herring stock disappeared more or less due to overfishing.
A small village in decline
Since then the small village of Raufarhöfn has never really recovered. During the second decade of the 20th century and the upswing years some of the necessary infrastructures developed. A school was built in 1939, a church in 1927 and later a community center. Today the municipal struggles to provide all the basic service expected of a town or a village. The church was designed by Iceland's most prominent architect, Guðjón Samúelsson and built in 1927. If you choose to visit Melrakkaslétta and the north-east part of Iceland Raufarhöfn offers a camping site and accommodation.
If you are going to visit the Northern Region in Iceland you might be looking for a places to stay. Here you can book from a selection of accommodationin the Raufarhöfn region.
Hjóðaklettar - Hafragilsfoss waterfall - Goðafoss waterfall - Dimmuborgir - Dettifoss waterfall - Ásbyrgi - Hólmatungur - Jökulsárgljúfur - Mývatn lake - Námaskarð hot springs - Selfoss waterfall
Below is the location of Raufarhöfn on the map of Iceland
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Hotels & Accommodation in Raufarhöfn