text:
Dagmar Schiek
source: Queen's University of Belfast
Dagmar Schiek is Professor of Law with a focus on European Union Law, Comparative Law and Labour Law. She holds a PhD from the University of Hamburg (1992), on the basis of a thesis asking the question "Is lifting the ban on women's nightwork in Europe a straight road to equality?". She has been granted the venia legend (authority to teach) in German and European Civil and Labour Law by University of Bremen (1999). This was on the basis of her Habilitation thesis on "Justice Differentiated? Protection against Discrimination in Contract Law" (published in German by Nomos publishers, 2000) and her inauguration lecture on "A sustainable legal frame for e-commerce" (not published).
Before joining Queen's, Dagmar held the Chair in EU Law at University of Leeds (Britain) from August 2007 to October 2014, where she also was Director of the Centre of European Law and Legal Studies (which is now dissolved). She has been Professor of European Economic Law at Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg (Germany, 10/1999-7/2007), where she was also the Director of the Hanse Law School (2002-2007) and one of altogether five deans of student education (2002-2006). Before becoming a professor she was Associate Professor of Civil and Labour Law at Bremen University (11/1993-9/1999), and lecturer for civil and labour law at Bundeswehruniversität Hamburg (7/1989-2/1990). She has also been visiting faculty at the Universities of the London School of Economics (Britain), Maastricht (The Netherlands), Ulster University (Northern Ireland), Hamburg and Gießen (both Germany). From 1990 to 1993 she advised German states governments in Berlin and Hessen on constitutional, employment and equality law and drafted these states anti-discrimination legislation.
Her current research in European Union Law and Comparative Law with specific expertise in labour law straddles two fields. First, she develops a critical legal studies perspective on the EU's unique socio-economic model, its impact on global governance and the interrelation of economic integration within the EU and Europe's societies. Second, she is an internationally acknowledged expert in European Union antidiscrimination law and policy.
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text:
Xu Yingran sneered and put on lipstick in the mirror, "Of course they have an arrogant background. As for the eldest daughter, there is a mine at home, and she is also a little princess if she is blind."
"Hey, if I were her, I would hide at home and dare not go out. I still have my heart everywhere…"
Before the girl spoke, she heard the compartment door behind her open.
Several people saw Ruan Yan walking out and were shocked. They did not expect that she would be here.
Xu Yingran looked at Ruan Yan and laughed twice, "Ruan Yan, you… didn't you hear our chat just now? Actually we were just kidding…"
Ruan Yan looked calm and spoke quietly, "I can't see, but I am not deaf."
Several people looked stiff and pale.
"You can hate me, but you don't need to pretend to be friendly with me. If you want to keep it a secret, you must also know that the toilet is not a place for secrets."
Ruan Yan walked forward, slowly fumbled to the bathroom door, and pushed the door out.
The faces of Xu Yingran and others were green.
After returning to the room, Ruan Yan did not tell Zhu Xingzhi about the incident. She guessed that if Zhu Xingzhi knew, this dinner tonight would be unharmonious, let alone the teacher's birthday today.
But her original good mood was also because there was not much left after going to the bathroom.
She doesn't understand why someone's malice towards her can last for so many years. Since high school, she has never known what she has done to make Xu Yingran and the group unhappy. Zhu Xingzhi said that some girls are born malicious to others and have nothing to do with Ruan Yan.
In the evening, Xu Yingran and others dared not say a word with Ruan Yan. Ruan Yan drank more wine. Apart from toasting to Teacher Chen, she basically only took the initiative to talk with Zhu Xingzhi and Xin Mingzhe, trying to finish the meal transparently.
After the end, everyone walked out of the room one after another. Someone suggested that they should sing. Everyone was in high spirits. Ruan Yan was taken to the door and couldn't see the person next to her. She happened to be bumped by a few boys who had drunk. Zhu Xingzhi couldn't stabilize, Ruan Yan almost fell to the ground with a bang.
"Ruan Yan, are you okay?!"
People gathered all around.
"I'm sorry, sorry, we didn't see…"
Ruan Yan was held upright by Zhu Xingzhi, her ankles felt painful, she twisted her eyebrows, "It seems to be twisted…"
"Is it serious? Can you still go?"
"It should be possible."
She tried to walk two steps, and found that she could walk but it was very difficult, plus the high heels under her feet were stilettos.
Xin Mingzhe's eyes sank, "Go, go to the hospital."
"You have to go."
Xin Mingzhe did not give Ruan Yan a chance to refuse, so the three of them bid farewell to everyone, and the man drove to the hospital.
When they arrived at the hospital, it was past nine o'clock. After taking the number, the three of them sat with Ruan Yan at the entrance of the clinic and waited. There were still two people inside. Ruan Yan said she wanted to go to the bathroom, Zhu Xingzhi accompanied her.
"Place your bags here, I'll watch." Xin Mingzhe said.
Xin Mingzhe took out his mobile phone and returned a message to the vice president. On the other hand, he said that something happened temporarily in the cooperation case and he needed Xin Mingzhe to return to the company as soon as possible.
He hesitated for a while and replied: [I have something to do here, and there will be a while. 】
The bell rang, and he turned his head and saw Ruan Yan's mobile phone screen lit up, with the words "Zhou Mengyan" displayed on it.
Xin Mingzhe was stunned, then indifferent.
The phone rang for a long time, but at the end he picked it up and opened the call button.
In the study, Zhou Mengyan wanted to temporarily reply to the guide dog agency and called Ruan Yan. He didn't expect the other party to pick him up. It turned out to be a male voice.
The other end said, "I am Xin Mingzhe."
Zhou Mengyan frowned unconsciously, "Where is Ruan Yan?"
"Ruan Yan's mobile phone is not by her side for the time being, she has a twisted foot, and now we are in the hospital."
Xin Mingzhe stood up, hesitated, and said: "Are you… convenient now? Come and pick her up. I have something to do. I'm afraid I can't take her home."
Zhou Mengyan's mind suddenly flashed through the scene he saw in the morning, his eyes were dark, and he said flatly for a long while: "I know."
Xin Mingzhe didn't expect the other party's reaction to be so plain, "Just one sentence? Do you usually treat Ruan Yan in such a perfunctory way? You don't care about her in detail?"
The man on the other end chuckled, "Why, you know our usual life well?"
Xin Mingzhe choked, "Ruan Yan is married to you now, so please care and love her a little more. Can you not be so cold-blooded?"
"Mr Xin, are you now teaching me how to care for my wife?"
Xin Mingzhe heard the words "my wife" like a needle in his heart.
Ruan Yan and Zhu Xingzhi returned after going to the toilet, and the latter saw Xin Mingzhe's face gloomy, "What's wrong with you?"
The man looked at Ruan Yan, did not suppress his emotions, and asked angrily, "Yanyan, how does Zhou Mengyan treat you normally?"
"He called you just now on your phone and it was picked up by me. I said I would have something to do later, and I wanted him to pick you up. I didn't expect his reaction to be so cold." Xin Mingzhe angered, "Can you tolerate such a person?!"
Ruan Yan looked down and didn't know how to reply for a while.
She is just a contract wife. Does Zhou Mengyan need an excited reaction?
"It's okay, I'll go back by myself later."
Xin Mingzhe wanted to say something, but Zhu Xingzhi, who was not surprised, stopped by a look in his eyes, "I'll take Ruan Yan back, don't say it."
After reading the injury on her foot, Ruan Yan received a call from Ye Qing.
The other side said that she received Zhou Mengyan's notice that she learned that Ruan Yan was in the hospital. She was on her way now, and she would take Ruan Yan home later.
When Ruan Yan was treating the wound, Zhu Xingzhi pulled Xin Mingzhe and chatted alone, "Don't bother about the Yanyan. Now your status… it's not convenient."
"Xing Zhi, I think that man Zhou Mengyan is not worthy of standing next to Ruan Yan, does he have a little love for Ruan Yan?"
Zhu Xingzhi sighed, "Even Ruan Yan doesn't expect Zhou Mengyan to like her, so don't worry about it."
She didn't have a pleasant meal tonight. With a twisted foot, Ruan Yan was drunk and moody on the way back to the mansion.
After arriving home, she let Ye Qing go back.
After closing the door, she heard the sound of rustling running, and there was a fluffy ball on her back foot. She raised the corner of her lips, "Coco, you know I'm back."
She changed her shoes, endured the pain in her ankles, held on to the wall, walked in step by step, and finally touched the sofa. She was really uncomfortable and sat down, motionless.
Coco seemed to perceive that she was in a bad mood, got in front of her, licked her palms, and acted like a baby with her.
The villa is very quiet, so quiet that it makes people feel lonely.
Ruan Yan hugged Coco, her head leaned against it, and the tip of her nose was sour: "Only you are with me…"
Coco whimpered a few times, as if to appease.
Ruan Yan talked to it, more like talking to himself: "Coco, why do you think I am so unlucky? I can't see with my eyes and my feet are still weak. I really want to recover my eyesight as soon as possible, but when will I get better?"
She was talking, but she did not know that Zhou Mengyan quietly walked down the stairs, stood at the top of the stairs, silently looking at her.
Ruan Yan complained with a little drunkenness: "You know, I went to a class reunion today and I was not happy at all. They bullied me and even laughed at my blindness. How can these people be so excessive…"
Suddenly she stood up and faced the sofa, "Coco, do you know, some people ridicule me behind the scenes, just like talk behind my back, I will learn from you…"
Having said that, Ruan burped alcohol, straightened her chest, and played a few corners as if standing in a military position, imitating the tone of Xu Yingran and her little sister:
"Ruan Yan, she looks like she is aloof, thinking she is the best, huh, what's so great."
"What are you dissatisfied with? Of course she is aloof. She is beautiful and has a good family background."
"But she's blind, she's blind, what's the point of being blind."
"That's right, she is a disabled person now, you see, she can't even walk with aid!"
Ruan Yan became more and more over the top, and she also painted with gestures and gestures. Finally, tired, she sat down on the floor and turned ridiculously:
"How about it, did I perform well? I did a drama!"
"I'm acting pretty well, isn't it, is it…"
She was muttering, and suddenly, a force picked her up and put her on the sofa.
Ruan Yan felt like she was flying into the sky, and she was so scared that he was sober.
Then Zhou Mengyan's cool voice fell over her head:
"It's pretty good, do you want me to give you an Oscar?"
I Know Everything

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Frances Clay, 57, Frankford Civic Association President, has died
PlanPhilly staff
This obituary will continue to be updated. Help us honor Frances by leaving comments of your memories of her, and contacting us here with further details.
Not a month after calling for a moment of silence honoring another board member's passing, Frankford Civic Association President Frances Clay died Wednesday.
Clay was 57.
"Frances was a 'no-nonsense' type of leader at the civic association," said Board Treasurer Tim Wisniewski, who confirmed Clay's passing, never waking up yesterday morning. "She stood up to anyone for the neighborhood."
Clay was firm, inquisitive and involved as ever, right up until this month's last civic meeting. She is survived by a son, Scoot, though his age is also not yet known.
In November, longtime Frankford Civic board member Thelma Young died at the age of 76, and she was honored during the December Frankford meeting.
The Northeast Times has confirmed Clay was 57 at the time of her death. After moving here from Kentucky in 1977, Clay served as a Democratic committeewoman in the 23rd Ward's 18th District. Clay was married to Rev. James Clay for 37 years and lived on the 1800-block of Margaret Street.
At next month's meeting, Jan. 6, 2011, nominees for the board will be received, including someone to replace Clay's executive role. A memorial service will be held for Clay Tuesday, Dec. 21 at 11 a.m. at Second Baptist Church of Frankford with arrangements by the Walton B. Brown Funeral Home. Her viewing and burial will be private.
Below, a photo of Clay and Young together at the September association meeting.
Correction: Thelma Young's ages was previously reported incorrectly. She died at 76.
Why Frankford residents supported Rite Aid's plea to demolish a neighborhood icon
The Historical Commission unanimously approved Rite Aid's plan to demolish the midcentury modern Penn Fruit landmark.
Frankford Y's new owner promises he won't bring opioid recovery center to historic mansion
Ostroff said that while he doesn't know how he will repurpose the former community center, he hopes to use it as a school or a daycare.
SEPTA proposes new buses for University City, Roosevelt Blvd.


Acne can be of many forms. Cystic acne is one of the most severe forms of acne. This occurs in the form of soft, fluid-filled lumps under the skin surface. These large, red breakouts are mostly painful and cause significant damage to the skin. In most of the cases the likelihood of development of scars is extremely high. This acne develops on the face, chest, back, upper arms or shoulders.
The skin pores are composed of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, the gland that secretes sebum. When sebum is secreted in excess, it clogs the pores along with the epidermal cells shed by the skin. Any infection in these clogged pores affects deep layers of the skin leading to cystic acne.
The following are the main factors contributing to cystic acne.
But the major factor contributing to cystic acne is the hormonal changes inside the body. Teenagers mostly develop cystic acne but anyone can get affected by this.
In order to prevent cystic acne and maintaining a healthy skin care routine, a healthy lifestyle is very important. Simple home remedies can effectively clear out the inflammation and infection caused during this acne.
Turmeric is a wonder herb that can cure many inflammation related problems. This contains curcumin, which is a stron anti-inflammatory compound that naturally relieves inflammation as well as pain. It also acts as a natural antiseptic that fights infection.
Apple cider vinegar is one of the widely used home remedies for cystic acne. It works as an astringent that helps in removing excess oil to cure acne and reduce pain and inflammation. It cleanses the skin and balances the skin pH level.
Baking soda is yet another effective ingredient that draws out excess oil and sebum from the skin. It has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory property which helps in treating cystic acne. It also exfoliates the skin thereby shedding all the dead cells. It also helps in balancing the pH level of the skin leaving it healthy and glowing.
Fuller's earth is a type of clay that effectively gets rid of the excess oil and dead skin cells that causes cystic acne. It delivers a smooth and clear complexion by reducing the chance of scars formation.
Lavender oil is another good remedy to treat cystic acne. It has anti-inflammatory properties that helps in treating acne and soothes the pain.
Follow these home remedies to achieve a flawless glowing skin by treating cystic acne.
Great information! Acne is a common problem, mostly it occurs at our younger age. I have also suffered from it during my school time. I wish I could find such an informative article that time, it would be very helpful for everyone suffering from the issue. Thanks for sharing.


Shekhawati College of Pharmacy was envisaged as one of the Professional Technical Institutions of Satwic Jeevanshala Trust, a Trust which can boast of its educational pursuits during the last 60 years of its existence.
In 2003 the chairman of the Trust, Sh. Shish Ram Ranwa, realized his dream of commencing the professional education by starting engineering courses through Shekhawati Engineering College and also establishing Shekhawati College Of Pharmacy in the sprawling campus, spared over 80 acres of land , near Dundlod at thought skirts of the famous historical town of Nawalgarh in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. The Shekhawati Engineering College was established in the academic year 2003-2004, followed by the establishment of Shekhawati Public School, Shekhawati Teachers Training College.


text:
Missing teen girl found safe, man arrested
Posted on: April 10th, 2018	by ABC News	No Comments
Guilford County Sheriff's Office(CHARLOTTE, N.C.) — A missing teen girl has been found safe after she apparently disappeared with an older man, authorities in North Carolina said.
Amelia Hill is being returned to her family, according to the Guilford County Sheriff's Office. Earl Cunningham, 44, has been arrested and is being questioned by investigators. Further details were not immediately available.
Amelia was believed to have left home on her own, possibly after an argument with her parents, Guilford County Sheriff's Department Capt. David Pruitt previously told ABC News.
"We want her to come home," Amelia's mother Stacy Hill told ABC News earlier today. "It doesn't matter what's going on or what she's done. We just want her here."
A girl believed to be the missing teen was then spotted with the unknown man at a Walmart in Randleman, North Carolina, on Monday morning, the sheriff's office said.
The two people were at the Walmart between 9:45 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. and left the store in a four-door white Ford F-250 pickup truck, the sheriff's office said.
It's not clear if the man in the photo is the man who was arrested.


text:
Tadej Slabe (* 3. April 1959 in Kranj) ist ein slowenischer Geograph, Höhlenforscher und Sportkletterer.

Als Kletterer machte sich Tadej Slabe besonders um die Erschließung des Klettergebiets von Osp in Slowenien verdient, das heute als das international bedeutendste Klettergebiet Sloweniens gilt. Hier gelang ihm die 1992 die Erstbegehung der Route Za staro kolo in majhnega psa im Schwierigkeitsgrad 8c+, die einige Jahre zu den schwierigsten der Welt zählte. 1993 konnte er den ersten Teil der Route Sanjski par (8c) erstbegehen.

Tadej Slabe promovierte 1992 im Fach Geographie und ist seither als Wissenschaftler besonders in der Erforschung des slowenischen Karsts und seiner Höhlen tätig, hat aber auch Forschungstätigkeit in Karstgebieten China, Japan, Frankreich und dem Iran vorzuweisen. Seit 1995 ist er Leiter des Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa (Institut für Karstforschung) in Postojna, einem Institut der Slowenischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste. Einen Schwerpunkt seiner Arbeit bildet die Erforschung der Einflüsse menschlicher Interventionen, insbesondere des Straßenbaus auf Karstlandschaften. Darüber hinaus ist Tadej Slabe Mitglied der Kommission für Karsthydrographie und Speläogenese in der International Union of Speleology. Er veröffentlichte auch zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Artikel, unter anderem im International Journal of Speleology.

Werk
 Cave rocky relief and its speleogenetical significance, Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, 1995, ISBN 961-6182-03-X
 Mit Martin Knez: Unroofed caves are an important feature of karst surfaces: examples from the classical karst. Z. Geomorphol., 46, Nr. 2, S. 181–191
 Mit Martin Knez: Karstology and the opening of caves during motorway construction in the karst region of Slovenia. Int. J. Speleol. (Ed. ital.), 2004(2002), letn. 31, Nr. 1/4, S. 159–168
 Two experimental modelings of karst rock relief in plaster: subcutaneous "rock teeth" and "rock peaks" exposed to rain. Z. Geomorphol., 2005, bd. 49, hft. 1, str. 107–119
 Mit Martin Knez: Kraški pojavi, razkriti med gradnjo slovenskih avtocest - Zbirka Carsologica, 2007, ISBN  	978-961-254-030-2

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Tadej Slabe am Institut für Karstforschung (englisch)

Sportkletterer (Slowenien)
Geograph (20. Jahrhundert)
Geograph (21. Jahrhundert)
Höhlenforscher
Extremsportler (Slowenien)
Slowene
Geboren 1959
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Do Scala files need to be released before deleting? In the code below, if I uncomment the for loop the file no longer gets deleted
val file = "myfile.csv"
//for (line <- Source.fromFile(file).getLines()) { }
new File(file).delete()

If so is there some type of close function that I should be calling?

A: There is some sort of close that you should be calling:
val file = "myfile.csv"
val source = Source.fromFile(file)
for (line <- source.getLines()) { }
source.close
new File(file).delete

but this is a bit tedious.  If you rewrite the for loop as
source.getLines().foreach{ line => }

you can then
class CloseAfter[A <: { def close(): Unit }](a: A) {
  def closed[B](f: A => B) = try { f(a) } finally { a.close }
}
implicit def close_things[A <: { def close(): Unit }](a: A) = new CloseAfter(a)

and now your code would become
val file = "myfile.csv"
Source.fromFile(file).closed(_.foreach{ line => })
new File(file).delete

(which would be a benefit if you're doing it many times in your code, or if you already maintain your own library of helpful functions and it would be easy to add the closing implicit just once there so you could use it everywhere).

A: As others have said, yes, you need to close the Source when you're done with it.  Another good solution is to use scala-arm to automagically close the file for you.
import resource._

val file = "myfile.csv"
for {
  source <- managed(Source.fromFile(file))
  line <- source.getLines()
} {
}
new File(file).delete

A: After reading "Why doesn't Scala Source close the underlying InputStream?", use instead "scala-incubator / scala-io".
It includes a delete operation on a Path which takes care of everything. That library always always ensures that files are safely closed after each use.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<?php

namespace luya\cms\frontend;

use Yii;
use yii\base\BootstrapInterface;
use luya\web\Application;
use luya\base\CoreModuleInterface;
use luya\web\ErrorHandler;
use luya\web\ErrorHandlerExceptionRenderEvent;
use yii\web\HttpException;
use luya\cms\models\Config;

/**
 * Cms Module.
 *
 * @author Basil Suter <basil@nadar.io>
 */
class Module extends \luya\base\Module implements BootstrapInterface, CoreModuleInterface
{
    /**
     * @var array We have no urlRules in cms Module. the UrlRoute file will only be used when
     * no module is provided. So the CMS url alias does only apply on default behavior.
     */
    public $urlRules = [
        ['pattern' => 'preview/<itemId:\d+>', 'route' => 'cms/preview/index'],
        ['pattern' => 'block-ajax/<id:\d+>/<callback:[a-z0-9\-]+>', 'route' => 'cms/block/index'],
    ];

    public $tags = [
        'menu' => ['class' => 'luya\cms\tags\MenuTag'],
        'page' => ['class' => 'luya\cms\tags\PageTag'],
    ];

    /**
     * @var string Define an error view file who is going to be renderd when the errorAction points to the `cms/error/index` route.
     *
     * In order to handle error messages in your application configure the error handler compononent in you configuration:
     * ```php
     * 'errorHandler' => [
     *     'errorAction' => 'cms/error/index',
     * ]
     * ```
     *
     * Now configure the view file which will be rendered in your cms module:
     *
     * ```php
     * 'cms' => [
     *     'errorViewFile' => '@app/views/error/index.php',
     * ]
     * ```
     *
     * > Note that the view will be rendered with `renderPartial()`, this means the layout file will *not* be included.
     */
    public $errorViewFile = "@cms/views/error/index.php";

    /**
     * @var bool If enabled the cms content will be compressed (removing of whitespaces and tabs).
     * @todo rename to $contentCompression (as enable is expressed by the boolean value)
     */
    public $enableCompression = true;

    /**
     * @var boolean Whether the overlay toolbar of the CMS should be enabled or disabled.
     */
    public $overlayToolbar = true;

    /**
     * @var bool If enableTagParsing is enabled tags like `link(1)` or `link(1)[Foo Bar]` will be parsed
     * and transformed into links based on the cms.
     */
    public $enableTagParsing = true;

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function registerComponents()
    {
        return [
            'menu' => [
                'class' => 'luya\cms\Menu',
            ],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function bootstrap($app)
    {
        $app->on(Application::EVENT_BEFORE_REQUEST, function ($event) {
            if (!$event->sender->request->isConsoleRequest && !$event->sender->request->isAdmin) {
                $event->sender->urlManager->addRules([
                    ['class' => 'luya\cms\frontend\components\RouteBehaviorUrlRule'],
                    ['class' => 'luya\cms\frontend\components\CatchAllUrlRule'],
                ]);
            }
        });

        Yii::$app->errorHandler->on(ErrorHandler::EVENT_BEFORE_EXCEPTION_RENDER, function (ErrorHandlerExceptionRenderEvent $event) {
            if ($event->exception instanceof HttpException) {
                // see whether a config value exists
                // if a redirect page id exists, redirect.
                $navId = Config::get(Config::HTTP_EXCEPTION_NAV_ID, 0);
                if ($navId) {
                    $menu = Yii::$app->menu->find()->with(['hidden'])->where(['nav_id' => $navId])->one();
                    if ($menu) {
                        Yii::$app->getResponse()->redirect($menu->absoluteLink, 301)->send();
                        exit;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public $translations = [
        [
            'prefix' => 'cms',
            'basePath' => '@cms/messages',
            'fileMap' => [
                'cms' => 'cms.php',
            ],
        ],
    ];

    public static function t($message, array $params = [])
    {
        return Yii::t('cms', $message, $params, Yii::$app->luyaLanguage);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Grand Rapids – Filip Zadina's education as a professional hockey player continues.
Most often, those lessons come on the ice. Occasionally, though, they occur off the ice, such as after Friday's game in Rockford, Illinois.
The Grand Rapids Griffins played there, won, then returned to west Michigan around 5:30 a.m. because of the snowstorm that hit the Midwest.
The lesson: Be ready for anything. This is the American Hockey League. And you're going to have another game in hours.
"I got home around 6 a.m.," said Zadina, in an empty Griffin's locker room after Saturday's 3-0 victory over Milwaukee at Van Andel Arena. "I wanted to go straight to bed. I tried to fall asleep right away but I couldn't. I woke up around 11 (a.m.) – couldn't sleep.
"So I slept about five hours, and we played a tough game tonight.
Life in the AHL isn't always easy, and hasn't been this season, as Zadina, just 19, is learning.
Zadina, the Red Wings' first-round draft pick, No. 6 overall in 2018, didn't register a point Saturday, the fourth consecutive game he's gone pointless since scoring twice (and adding an assist) in Belleville Jan. 11.
In 33 games, Zadina has 10 goals and 10 assists (20 points) with a team-worst minus-15 rating.
He has so many things to learn.
To use his linemates, and not try to do it all himself. To play within the system coach Ben Simon wants. To be accountable defensively. To be ready to play every game in a league where you can't get away with stuff you were able to in junior hockey.
Zadina has heard that message often from Simon, the rest of the Griffins' coaching staff, and from the Red Wings' front office personnel who watch the Griffins.
It is sinking in, and Zadina is understanding what they want from him. But for a teenager taken high in the draft, with the hype and expectations from media and fans swirling around him, patience can be just as challenging as a typical game in the AHL.
There are lessons to be learned, remember.
"Keep the puck a little more and create a play," said Zadina of one part of his game that needs attention. "It's pretty tough to just go and dump the puck and get the puck back sometimes. You have to keep it and create chances and then you can do anything on the ice.
Zadina knows Wings fans are eager to see him in Detroit. He saw the excitement and media coverage around him at the development camp in June at Little Caesars Arena.
But as much as Zadina wanted to make the NHL right out of training camp, he was realistic about his chances.
The Wings don't rush young players. Even now during an organizational rebuild, when that has been somewhat loosened – Dylan Larkin, Michael Rasmussen, Filip Hronek, Dennis Cholowski moved quickly, or didn't play in the AHL at all – a special talent like Zadina is going to be taught pro hockey.
There was disappointment, for sure.
The Wings hoped Zadina would gain considerable confidence from playing in the recent world junior tournament, a tournament he dominated last year (seven goals in seven games).
It didn't happen. Zadina didn't score, he had one point in five games (an assist) and was minus-3, in a forgettable two weeks for himself and his Czech Republic teammates.
Simon didn't watch much the tournament; life in the AHL demands you are either preparing for a game that day, or one that's one coming shortly. But Simon felt it was good for Zadina to the close the chapter on his junior career – and fully concentrate on getting to the NHL.
"You're not playing against men. You're playing against good players for sure – it's the top players in that age division," said Simon of the junior tournament. "I've played in that world junior a couple of years and it's phenomenal. But then you compare that to pro hockey and it's different, it's very different.
Simon acknowledges Zadina's talent but knows he isn't ready for the NHL yet.
Whether Zadina gets a taste of the NHL this season remains to be seen. With another expansion draft looming in 2021, if Zadina plays nine NHL games or less this season he'll be exempt from that draft. If he plays more than nine he burns a year of pro eligibility and the Wings would have to protect him in the expansion draft or potentially lose him to Seattle.
Simon loves Zadina's work ethic and desire for accountability, and believes those characteristics will help him in his climb to the NHL.
"Filip cares; he's willing to put in the time to learn," Simon said. "There's no issue there. Every day he comes to the rink to get better. He puts the onus on himself to improve on a daily basis.
"Because of that, he'll be successful. It's just a matter of time to find some consistency and making sure the confidence doesn't get too low or high, and if there's an opportunity to take the next step, that he's ready to slide up there and stay up there.
This article was originally published by Detroitnews.com. Read the original article here.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Development of data-analysis software is one of the most effort consuming components of nearly every project in high-energy physics.
Consequently, engineering of analysis packages which require minimum time for deployment,
maintenance, and porting to new platforms, is an important direction,
especially for long-term projects and projects without dedicated funding for computer support.
This is precisely the category that includes detector performance and physics studies for next-generation circular colliders.
Currently, these projects are community driven and often
do not have dedicated computer infrastructure needed for detailed exploration of physics using large samples of Monte Carlo (MC) events.
Therefore, a software environment  and deployment model that can help reduce
maintenance effort  presents an unambiguous advantage.
Conversely, the exploratory nature of future collider studies provides for
a good setting for testing of innovative computation models.

This paper discusses a validation and analysis framework that is built from the ground
to work with the HepSim data repository \cite{Chekanov:2014fga}
that stores Monte Carlo predictions for HEP experiments.
To ensure platform independence and support data processing using a web browsers,
the analysis environment runs on the Java platform, which also allows for the end-user analysis scripts to be written in Jython,
a Java implementation of Python.
This setup creates a familiar analysis environment, since Python is often used by the current LHC experiments,
and Java syntax is very similar to that of C++.
Therefore, such a framework has a potential to  target a larger audience within HEP community,
simplifying and facilitating exploration of physics for the next generation of collider experiments.

It should be pointed out that the same approach has been proposed for studies of $e^+e^-$ collisions
back in 2000, when the first version of FreeHep and AIDA (Abstract Interface for Data Analysis) was developed \cite{freehep}.
Unlike FreeHep  which is primary designed for linear $e^+e^-$ collider studies,
HepSim software is also used for circular colliders, including $pp$ colliders.
HepSim analysis framework is similar to {\tt PyROOT} and is fitting for Python programming,
with classes named conveniently to reduce code verbosity.
As discussed in this paper, HepSim also includes jet algorithms which are popular for $pp$ collisions.

The choice of Java and Python for HepSim framework offers some key advantages, such as
\begin{enumerate}
\setlength{\itemsep}{1pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}
\setlength{\parsep}{0pt}
\item hardware, operating system, and library independence (except Java itself), making deployment trivial and effortless,
\item automatic memory management, eliminating frustratingly common sources of errors, and
\item simple, compressed, and lossless data storage format.
\end{enumerate}
These features eliminate all portability issues and give HepSim an edge in terms of programmer productivity, allowing researcher to concentrate more on physics and less on bookkeeping. Due to optimization provided by Java Virtual Machine employing just-in-time compilation technology, HepSim remains competitive in terms of data processing speed with natively compiled analysis software.

To access data from the HepSim Monte Carlo event catalog  \cite{Chekanov:2014fga},
one needs to download a small (25~MB) software package. The software requires Java version 7 or above.
The package includes Java classes for data access ({\tt browser\_promc.jar}), physics and graphical classes ({\tt hepsim.jar}), and a complete
Jython distribution ({\tt jython.jar}) with required modules ({\tt modules.jar}).
To minimize the package size for the online usage, only essential Python modules are used.
The software framework can be used on Windows computers, but here will will discuss Linux/Mac OS for simplicity.
Bash shell users can download and setup the framework by running the following commands:

\vspace{0.5cm}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
wget http://atlaswww.hep.anl.gov/hepsim/soft/hs-toolkit.tgz -O - | tar -xz
source hs-toolkit/setup.sh
\end{lstlisting}
The last command sets up the working environment. One can find HepSim commands by using the {\tt hs-help} command that prints this help message:

\begin{lstlisting}
HepSim toolkit version: 2
Commands:
=========
hs-find      - find a URL of a MC sample
hs-get       - download MC samples in multiple threads
hs-info      - validate the ProMC file or dump separate events
hs-meta      - read meta information
hs-ls        - list all files from a given data sample
hs-ide       - run an editor and process analysis *.py script
hs-run       - process analysis *.py script in a batch mode
hs-view      - view ProMC file from the HepSim database
hs-exec      - execute external commands
hs-extract   - extract N events from a file and write them to other file
hs-pileup    - create a new file mixing signal events with pile-up events
hs-distiller - convert ProMC file to zip64 format (distiller)
hs-help      - shows this help
\end{lstlisting}
As an example, one can run Python code using the command {\tt hs-ide test.py}, or in a batch mode using {\tt hs-run test.py}.

Alternatively, the framework can be used through a Java Web Start interface.
In this case, it uses a minimal version of the HepSim package with simplified Jython and
reduced sizes of Java jar files.

This paper discusses how to access Monte Carlo (MC) datasets stored in HepSim using the Python interface or Java,
manipulate data containers and perform a full scale analysis using local files, or streaming the files over the network.
Our discussion mainly focuses on $pp$ collision events, but the examples given
in this paper can also be used for other particle collision experiments.

\section{Data access}

The main Java package for data access is called {\tt hepsim.HepSim}.
It includes static Java classes for retrieving MC data lists from the HepSim catalog, and streaming
event records over the network (when reading data using URL).

Here is a simple Python script example to list HepSim MC files using the name of a dataset.

\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
from hepsim import HepSim
url   = HepSim.urlRedirector("tev100pp_ttbar_mg5")
flist = HepSim.getList(url)
print flist                         # print list of files for this dataset
\end{lstlisting}
Run this example as {\tt hs-run example.py}. Alternatively, use the editor {\tt hs-ide example.py}.
If you know the direct URL link to the MC dataset, use this example:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
from hepsim import HepSim
flist = HepSim.getList(url)         # url points to dataset
print flist
\end{lstlisting}

If MC datasets have been downloaded to the local file system as discussed in~\cite{Chekanov:2014fga}, one can build a list of files with:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
from jhplot.utils import FileList
flist = FileList.get("./data","promc")
\end{lstlisting}

Reading data typically means reading either of:
(1)~meta-data record, or the file header;
(2)~event record;
(3)~particle record.
This example shows how to read units stored in the header file.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
from proto import FileMC
f = FileMC("data.promc")            # input file from local directory or URL
print f.getDescription()            # get description
header = f.getHeader()              # to access information on this file
un=float(header.getMomentumUnit())  # conversion energy units
lunit=float(header.getLengthUnit()) # conversion length units
\end{lstlisting}

\section{Working with truth-level MC samples}

\subsection{The Lorentz vector class}

The framework includes a Lorentz vector class, {\tt LParticle}, similar to other implementations commonly used in HEP software.
The class {\tt LParticle} is an extended version of {\tt HepLorentzVector} developed by FreeHep~\cite{freehep}.
It provides methods to compute all necessary kinematic variables of a Lorentz particle, such as {\tt perp()} (transverse momentum),
{\tt rapidity()}, and {\tt pseudoRapidity()}.

Shown below is a typical example to construct Lorentz vectors from data stored in the  ProMC data format \cite{2013arXiv1306.6675C,2013arXiv1311.1229C} which uses
a 64-bit {\it varint} (varying-length integers) encoding that allows for very effective data storage and streaming of Monte Carlo event files over the network.
To access particles' 4-momenta, {\it varint} values need to be converted to floating point values, as shown in the example.

\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
from proto import FileMC from hephysics.particle import LParticle
f = FileMC("data.promc")            # input file from local directory or URL
un=float(header.getMomentumUnit())  # conversion energy units
lunit=float(header.getLengthUnit()) # conversion length units
for i in range(f.size()):           # run over all events in the file
  eve = f.read(i)                   # ProMCEvent record for event "i"
  pa = eve.getParticles()           # particle information
  for j in range(pa.getPxCount()):  # extract 4-momenta
    px,py,pz = pa.getPx(j)/un,pa.getPy(j)/un,pa.getPz(j)/un
    e = pa.getEnergy(j)/un          # energy
    m = pa.getMass(j)/un            # mass
    p = LParticle(px,py,pz,e,m)     # fill a Lorentz vector
\end{lstlisting}
The class {\tt LParticle} has all the required methods to work with a typical particle used in high-energy applications.
As an example, two particles can be added together to construct their invariant mass:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
gam1 = LParticle(px_1,py_1,pz_1,e_1)
gam2 = LParticle(px_2,py_2,pz_2,e_2)
gam1.add(gam2)                      # combine 2 photons, gam1 is now di-photon
mass=gam1.calcMass()                # calculate di-photon mass
print "pT=",gam1.perp(), " eta=",gam1.rapidity()
\end{lstlisting}

\subsection{Pileup re-weighting}

The HepSim analysis package includes a tool for mixing events from Monte Carlo events that contain
``signal'' events corresponding to the inelastic (minbias) processes.
Thus, the tool can be used to create realistic $pp$ collision datasets including ``pileup'' events.
Each signal event from the signal ProMC file is mixed with {\tt N} (supplied as an argument) randomly chosen events from the minbias file.
A minbias file with a large number of events should be used to minimize the reuse of the same events in the pileup-mixing.
If the {\tt N} argument is prefixed with the character {\tt p}, the number of minbias events that are mixed with signal events will be randomly sampled from a Poisson distribution.
Here is a usage example of this tool:

\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
hs-pileup p100 signal.promc minbias.promc output.promc
\end{lstlisting}

Here each signal event in \texttt{signal.promc} is mixed with a number of events from \texttt{minbias.promc}, according to a Poisson distribution, and the mixed events written to the \texttt{output.promc} file.
The signal and minbias sub-events can be distinguished by the value of the {\tt barcode} variable,
with {\tt barcode==0} corresponding to signal, and positive values enumerating minbias sub-events.

\subsection{Jet clustering algorithm}

A major goal of HepSim repository is to provide platform independent tools for analysis of Monte Carlo predictions for HEP experiments that can be run from a web browser on the client's side.
In order to meet this requirement, we provide an optimized Java implementation of generalized $k_\mathrm{t}$ jet clustering algorithms.

In recent years {\tt FastJet}~\cite{fastjet_man} has become a standard tool for jet clustering in HEP and heavy ion physics.
It is an extensively tested software package, providing $O(N^2)$ and $O(N\log N)$ complexity clustering strategies~\cite{fastjet_n3}.
{\tt FastJet} benchmarks~\cite{fastjet_unpub} show that clustering strategies with $O(N^2)$ complexity perform the fastest for events with numbers of particles characteristic for hadron and lepton collider experiments.
The more sophisticated, $O(N\log N)$ complexity, strategies provide advantage only for events with more than 10,000 particles, which arise only in experiments with heavy ion collisions.
This is because $O(N\log N)$ strategies, employing Voronoi diagrams~\cite{Aurenhammer}, require more computationally demanding bookkeeping, which, for low multiplicity events, takes longer to process than the time saved due to relative complexity reduction.
Consequently, in our Java jet clustering algorithm, \texttt{N2Jet}, we implement only $O(N^2)$ complexity strategies relevant for HEP Monte Carlo events for present and future collider experiments.
The adopted optimizations are described below.

\subsubsection{Generalized $k_\mathrm{t}$ algorithm}

The original $k_\mathrm{t}$ jet clustering algorithm~\cite{coxkt} is defined as follows.
\begin{enumerate}
  \item Find the value of a distance measure to the beam, $d_{i\mathrm{B}}$, for each (pseudo-)particle in the event,
  \begin{equation}
    d_{i\mathrm{B}} = k_\mathrm{t}^2.
  \end{equation}
  \item Find the value of a pairwise distance measure between particles, $d_{ij}$, for each (pseudo-)particle in the event,
  \begin{equation}
    d_{ij} = \min\left(k_{\mathrm{t}i}^2,k_{\mathrm{t}i}^2\right)R_{ij}^2, \quad
    R_{ij}^2 = \left(y_i-y_j\right)^2 + \left(\phi_i-\phi_j\right)^2.
  \end{equation}
  \item If the shortest distance is a $d_{i\mathrm{B}}$, identify the (pseudo-)particle as a jet and exclude it from further clusterization. If the shortest distance is a $d_{ij}$, then combine (pseudo-)particles' 4-momenta into a single pseudo-particle (pseudo-jet) and keep it in the event.
\end{enumerate}
Here, $i$ and $j$ are (pseudo-)particle indices, $k_\mathrm{t}$ is transverse momentum, and $y$ and $\phi$ are rapidity and azimuthal angle respectively.
The procedure is to be repeated until all the particles have been combined into jets.
The usual (re)combination scheme employed is 4-momentum addition, although other options may be desirable~\cite{fastjet_man}.
The former is called the $E$-scheme in {\tt FastJet} terminology.

The generalized $k_\mathrm{t}$ algorithm~\cite{genkt} is obtained by redefining the distance measures in the following way.
\begin{equation}
  d_{i\mathrm{B}} = k_\mathrm{t}^{2p}, \quad
  d_{ij} = \min\left(k_{\mathrm{t}i}^{2p},k_{\mathrm{t}i}^{2p}\right)\frac{R_{ij}^2}{R^2}, \quad
  R_{ij}^2 = \left(y_i-y_j\right)^2 + \left(\phi_i-\phi_j\right)^2,
\end{equation}
where $R$ is the jet radius parameter, and $p$ is the parameter governing the relative power of the energy versus geometrical ($R_{ij}$) scales.
The commonly used cases are:
\begin{itemize}
  \item $p= 1$ : $k_\mathrm{t}$ algorithm,
  \item $p= 0$ : Cambridge/Aachen algorithm,
  \item $p=-1$ : anti-$k_\mathrm{t}$ algorithm.
\end{itemize}

In our Java \texttt{N2Jet} algorithm, we implement the generalized $k_\mathrm{t}$ algorithm for ${p=\pm1,0}$, the 4-momentum addition recombination scheme, and $O(N^2)$ complexity optimization discussed below.

\subsubsection{Optimizations}
Geometric factorization is the most significant optimization,
reducing algorithm complexity from $O(N^3)$ to $O(N^2)$.
It is proved by the {\tt FastJet} Lemma~\cite{fastjet_n3}.
By the lemma, the shortest $d_{ij}$ in an event is found in the set of $d_{ij}$'s computed only with particles' geometric nearest neighbors.
The observation is intuitive, after realizing that the shortest distance $d_{ij}$ in the event must be formed with the shortest $R_{ij}$ for either $i$ or $j$, because otherwise either $k_{\mathrm{t}i}^2$ or $k_{\mathrm{t}j}^2$ can be used to form a shorter $d_{ik}$ or $d_{jk}$ with a closer particle $k$.
The computational optimization comes from storing only $d_{ij}$ and $j$ for every particle $i$ instead of storing all $d_{ij}$ values for every $(i,j)$ pair.
Thus, instead of storing (and reading) $N^2$ values (or $N(N-1)/2$, if repeated value are not stored) only $2N$ values are required.

Another optimization is obtained by subdividing the $y$--$\phi$ space into square tiles with half-width at least equal to the $R$ parameter. Then, if the nearest neighbor of particle $i$, found within the same tile, is closer than the adjacent tile, it must be the nearest over the whole space, and no more $R_{ij}$ values need to be computed. If that nearest neighbor is farther than any of the adjacent tiles, than only those tiles need to be checked for nearest neighbors. Searching further than the adjacent tiles is not needed, because $d_{i\mathrm{B}}$ is always shorter than $d_{ij}$ to those particles. To improve performance, tiling is only used with evens containing 50 particles or more, and is turned off when the number of particles decreases to 20.

The last optimization comes from storing all the (pseudo-)particle related values in a single class and using linked lists to provide means of iterating over them.
In comparison to use of arrays, this reduces random access insert/erase complexity from $O(N)$ to $O(1)$. In comparison to fixed size array implementation, link lists allow to reduce the number of loop iterations as the clusterization sequence progresses.

\subsubsection{Benchmark}
A benchmark was conducted to compare Java \texttt{N2Jet} and \texttt{FastJet} performance. Events of different sizes with randomly generated particles were used. The particles' 4-momenta were generated with uniformly distributed $\phi$, $\eta$ distributed as the first half-period of cosine between -5 and 5, and $p_\mathrm{T}$ and mass distributed exponentially, with exponents of 0.007 and 0.05 respectively, and minimum $p_\mathrm{T}$ of 10 GeV. The benchmark results are are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:benchmark}.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{figure1.eps}
  \caption{Benchmark comparing Java \texttt{N2Jet} and C++ \texttt{FastJet} performance
for AntiKt algorithm with $R=0.4$ using 100,000 events of each size.
The data points in the top panel show the mean computation time per single event. The error bars show standard deviation of the time per single event.
The bottom panel shows ratio between \texttt{N2Jet} and \texttt{FastJet} execution time, with the dashed line at 2.7 indicating the average.
The benchmark was conducted on an
Intel\textsuperscript{\textregistered} Core\texttrademark~i7-3632QM 2.2GHz processor.
}
  \label{fig:benchmark}
\end{figure}
On average, the Java implementation is 2.7 time slower than the C++ one.
There could be several reasons for this, such as a larger memory usage of high-level Java classes, or due to a concrete algorithmic implementation
that is different from the C++ code of {\tt FastJet}. The performance of \texttt{N2Jet} is satisfactory for the main goal --
validations of  typical simulated samples with several million $pp$ collision events using the Java Web start technology.
As can be seen for both \texttt{N2Jet} and \texttt{FastJet}, the algorithm's complexity is nearly linear for small events (memory allocation dominates), but for larger numbers of particles per event the complexity acquires characteristic quadratic dependence, as discussed previously.

\subsubsection{Application program interface}

To use the {\tt N2Jet} clustering algorithm one needs to call the respective class constructor, {\tt JetN2(R,alg,minPT)},
where \texttt{R} is the jet size, \texttt{alg} is the algorithm type, which can be
\literal{"antikt"}, \literal{"kt"}, or \literal{"ca"} (for the Cambridge/Aachen algorithm).
This change in the name from {\tt N2Jet} to {\tt JetN2(R,alg,minPT)} was needed to move the original stand-alone version
of this package to a version which is integrated with the rest of HepSim Java classes.
The string comparison is not case sensitive.
One can also pass an optional \texttt{minPT} argument, which specifies minimum $p_\mathrm{T}$ of constructed jets. Below is a typical example of jet construction using $pp$ collision events.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Python]
from proto import FileMC from hephysics.hepsim import PromcUtil
from hephysics.jet import JetN2

clust = JetN2(0.5,"antikt",20)      # anti-kt jets with R=0.5 & min_pT=20
print clust.info()                  # print jet clusterization settings
f = FileMC("data.promc")            # input file from current directory / URL
header = f.getHeader()              # to access information on this file
un=float(header.getMomentumUnit())  # conversion energy units
lunit=float(header.getLengthUnit()) # conversion length units
for i in range(f.size()):           # run over all events in the file
    eve = f.read(i)                 # ProMCEvent record for event "i"
    pa  = eve.getParticles()        # particle information
    par = PromcUtil.getParticleDList(f.getHeader(),pa,1,10,3)
    clust.buildJets(par)            # build anti-kT jets
    jets = clust.getJetsSorted()    # get a list with sorted jets
    if (len(jets)>0):
        print "pT of a leading jet =",jets[0].perp()," GeV"
\end{lstlisting}

The method {\tt getParticleDList} extracts the list of particles that pass the specified
transverse momentum and pseudo-rapidity cuts.
Each particle in the list is represented by an instance of {\tt ParticleD}, which is
a simple class with cached kinematic variables for fast processing.
The third argument of {\tt getParticleDList} is the status code for particles to be accepted (for final state particles, use {\tt status=1}), the fourth argument is the
minimum $p_\mathrm{T}$, and the fifth argument is the maximum pseudo-rapidity
of the returned particles.

In addition, one can construct jets by accumulating {\tt ParticleD}s in a standard Java {\tt ArrayList} according to more refined selection criteria, and pass this list to the {\tt buildJets} method.

\subsection{Histogramming and canvases}

The validation framework also includes libraries necessary to fill 1D, 2D, and profile histograms and show them on 2D and 3D graphical canvases.
The histogramming package is based on the \texttt{FreeHep} library~\cite{freehep}, and the graphical canvases  adopted
from the community edition of \texttt{DMelt}~\cite{dmelt} (formerly, jHepWork \cite{Chekanov:1261772}).
The main histogram classes for 1D and 2D histograms are {\tt jhplot.H1D} and {\tt jhplot.H2D}, while
the most commonly used graphical canvases are {\tt jhplot.HPlot} from \texttt{DMelt}.
A detailed description of the graphical canvases and histogramming packages is beyond the scope of this paper.

\section{Working with reconstructed events}

The validation of the reconstructed events stored in the form of LCIO \cite{lcio} files can be done in a similar manner.
In the case of the LCIO files, one can check distributions of calorimeters hits, clusters, tracks after full detector simulation and reconstruction,
as well as to verify truth-level Monte Carlo information which is included from the original ProMC files.
The LCIO files are readable and writable in Java, therefore, Jython scripts can be constructed
using the same histogramming packages and plotting canvases as in the case of the ProMC files.
The main difference compared to the truth-level validation is that the LCIO files should be processed using the Jas4pp Java package
\cite{jas4pp}. It
includes not only the plotting libraries,  but also the LCSIM \cite{lcsim} and LCIO Java packages
which are required to access
the information on reconstructed objects after full detector simulation.

\section{Conclusion}

This paper describes a validation framework used to analyze MC event files stored in the HepSim repository.
It includes all basic software components to reconstruct cross sections, kinematic distributions and reconstructed objects
(tracks, calorimeter clusters etc.) needed to
check the validity of Monte Carlo simulation results.
The framework uses Python (Jython) as the primary language and provides a cross-platform HEP analysis environment for the
end-users while reducing maintenance. It is fully self-contained and it does not depend on any OS-specific libraries besides Java.
It has versatility to work on all major platforms and heterogeneous computer clusters, can be used
together with Java Web Start technology, and allows the usage of the Java programming language
and several scripting languages implemented on
the Java platform,  such as Python, Ruby, Groovy, and BeanShell.
Some script examples for validation of generated and reconstructed MC events
in the ProMC and LCIO file formats are available from the HepSim web page.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This research was performed using resources provided by the Open Science Grid,
which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science.
We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on Blues,
a high-performance computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory.
Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science
under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.

\section*{References}

\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}
\def\Large\bf References{\Large\bf References}
\def\Large\bf References{\Large\bf References}
\pagestyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


December 12, 2014Anime "Ninja Slayer From Animation" Production Report, The Fifth!
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How are Rigby's ancestors represented in his DNA?
How does Embark know which breeds are in Rigby?
We can use the length of segments Rigby shares with our reference dogs to see how many generations it has been since they last shared an ancestor. Long segments of DNA that are identical to known purebred dogs tell Embark's scientists that Rigby has, without a doubt, a relative from that breed. By testing over 200,000 genetic markers, we build up his genes one DNA segment at a time, to learn the ancestry with great certainty. Other dog DNA tests look at many fewer genetic markers and have to take a guess at breed ancestry based on that.
What does this mean for Rigby's looks and behavior?
Look closely and you'll probably find Rigby has some physical and/or behavioral resemblance with his ancestor's breeds. The exact similarity depends on which parts of DNA Rigby shares with each breed. Some traits associated with each breed are listed in the Breed & Ancestry section of our website. Embark will tell you even more about Rigby's traits soon!
For Rigby we have been able to go further, and identify some of the breeds that we think may have been part of his heritage and have contributed to the Supermutt portion of his genome. We cannot be sure, given how little of their DNA has carried down to Rigby, but we thought you might like to know our best guess anyway!
Explore other Embark dogs who have breed mixes that are similar to Rigby's.
See which breed every part of Rigby's DNA comes from!
Our algorithms predict this is the most likely family tree to explain Rigby's breed mix, but this family tree may not be the only possible one.
Through Rigby's mitochondrial DNA we can trace his mother's ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.
Part of the large A1d haplogroup, this common haplotype occurs in village dogs all over the world. Among the 29 breeds that we have detected it in to date, the most frequent breeds we see expressing it are Afghan Hounds, Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs, and Borzois.
Through Rigby's Y-chromosome we can trace his father's ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.


The concerted and decisive actions of the G20, with its balanced membership of developed and developing countries, helped the world deal effectively with the current financial and economic crisis�Reflecting on these activities and recognising that more needs to be done to ensure a strong sustained and balanced recovery, the G20 Leaders at Pittsburgh Summit designate the G20 as the premier forum for international economic cooperation.
Whilst communication flows in international economic relations unquestionably are necessary and thus positive, there are three aspects of the G20 claims set out here that are somewhat controversial at the level of composition, arrogation of status and function, and performance in crisis management. First, the G20 comprises of 19 countries and the EU. The developing countries include <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey and South Africa. This composition is hardly representative of the developing countries or the development condition, or indeed balanced. Although it embraces a significant proportion of the world gross national product, trade and population in aggregate it does not mirror a proportionate and fair distribution of these factors worldwide nor does it include other considerations that are relevant in the design and management of a coherent, integrated and representative international economic system. Second, the wisdom of the arrogation of the status of a premier institution in international economic cooperation is at odds with the role and status of existing international economic institutions, particularly the IMF. Whereas the Managing Director of the IMF may well participate ex-officio in the G20 meetings this state of affairs does indeed detract from the �constitutional� status of the IMF qua such a forum in international economic relations and the international efforts at entrenching good governance in the decision-making processes of the IMF. Moreover, given the policy linkages between different international economic spheres, the focus on financial ministers and central bank governors in G20 meetings distorts co-operation in the in the monetary and financial sectors alone. Finally, the recent G20 Summit Meeting of June 2010 in Toronto hardly sent a decisive and clear signal as to the direction of the co-ordination in the management of domestic economies in response to the aftermaths of the global financial crisis.
Perhaps the G20 may be the precursor of a truly global institution for international economic co-operation at the policy level. In an imperfect world this must be a good omen!


"The unlawful assembly of the people from Jawaharlal Nehru University also included few lawyers in their court dresses, not only they are seen shouting slogans in the court premises, but they are also indulging in manhandling journalists. The role of such lawyers is really shameful and the incident is very unfortunate.. All the members of the Bar Council of India were of the opinion that whatever might have been the situation or the reason behind the incident, we cannot ignore and tolerate such misconduct on the part of advocates" observations in the BCI order.
The Bar Council of India (BCI) today informed the Supreme Court that it has constituted a high-level committee to enquire into two days of violence at the Patiala House Court allegedly indulged in by lawyers during the court appearance of Kanhaiya Kumar, arrested on charges of sedition in the JNU case.
It will be a three – member committee consisting of one former Chief Justice of High Court Hon'ble Justice Narasimha Reddy, senior advocate M N Krishnamani and BCI member S Prabakaran, said an affidavit filed by BCI Chairman Manan Kumar Mishra.
The order passed by BCI Chairman on February 17 said : "The height of the issue is that even after the order of the supreme court, the lawyers did not follow it, rather in the second half of the day when the supreme court constituted a committee of senior lawyers to visit the court premises a handful of lawyers have gone to the extent of abusing the senior and respectable members of the Bar. These disgruntled and unruly advocates have downgraded the dignity and decorum of the legal profession. Shouting of slogans, use of abusive languages against the members of the team appointed by SC and the alleged act of pelting stones on their vehicles is a very serious misconduct which the Bar Council of India is not going to tolerate".
"Because of this misconduct of only handful lawyers of the Patiala House Courts, the image of the legal fraternity throughout the country has been maligned. Some of the media have branded these lawyers as goons in black courts…these handful of lawyers have diverted the attention of the entire country towards the role of advocates and the Bar. Even the apex court was compelled to intervene in the matter", it said.


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Glastonbury Schools To Replace Snow Days With Virtual Learning
Glastonbury Public Schools [ CT] will use remote learning during inclement weather instead of taking traditional snow days, NBC CT reported. Superintendent Alan Bookman said that the district decided to take advantage of this new option as much of schooling has migrated online during the pandemic. While some students aren't loving the change, Bookman said that school days during the winter tend to be more valuable than those in June, when snow days are usually made up for[.]
Source: Patch.com
Image: Dailyherald.com
Why education technology can't save remote learning
Even the best technology can't eliminate the inherent problems of virtual schooling. Several key technological stumbling blocks have persisted in keeping remote learning from meeting its full potential:
1. The needs of IT departments and students can be at odds.
2. Existing tech can't just be grafted onto remote learning.
3. The digital divide looms over everything.
Source: Axios
Image: Microsoft Education
What Students Are Doing Is Remote Learning, Not Online Learning. There's a Difference.
What millions of students around the world are experiencing right now on Zoom and other conferencing platforms is not online learning, but rather remote learning. Susan Grajek of Educause, the association of education technologists, distinguishes remote learning from "well-considered, durable online learning." Remote learning, she said, is a "quick, ad hoc, low-fidelity mitigation strategy."
Source: Edsurge
Image: Microsoft Educational Blog
Harvard EdCast: Remote Learning and the Digital Divide
"We can't just move what we did, traditional bricks and mortar schools, online. We have to think about what are the unique needs that we have of each family. What are the unique needs that are time dependent in these uncertain times? And what are unique affordances of being able to do our work online?"
Source: Harvard Graduate School of Education
Image: Medium.com
There's a Cell Phone in Your Student's Head
"The presence of one's smartphone enables on-demand access to information, entertainment... and more," the study concludes. "However, our research suggests that these benefits—and the dependence they engender—may come at a cognitive cost." A bevy of other studies, meanwhile, clearly indicate that environments or activities that divide our attention can hurt us when taking tests and especially when encoding new learning. Taken together, there's increasing evidence that the presence and usage of cell phone in the classroom—while not necessarily detrimental in all contexts—should be carefully monitored, intentionally structured, and even restricted in some cases.
Content from Edutopia
Image from Griffith
Give Me Security, Give Me Convenience, or Give Me Both!
Why would someone bother going through extra steps for a login when a quick social login with Facebook or Google is so much more convenient?2 Do you really need a password manager if you add a symbol, dollar sign, or ampersand to your dog's birthday? (Yes!) But in an age of unprecedented convenience, don't people deserve ease, utility, and simplicity?3 In fact, aren't things like social logins and online shopping catering to the desire for convenience?
Content from EDUCAUSE
Image from HowardTechAdvisors
It's A Smartphone Life: More Than Half Of U.S. Children Now Have One
Poor rich kids:-)
Young people from families making $35,000 or less a year spend much more time with screen media — nearly two hours per day more when compared with families making more than $100,000. Vicky Rideout notes that gap has been pretty persistent over time. "Entertainment media is an affordable alternative to after-school programs or private piano lessons," she says. And there can be opportunities for "informal learning" — with the right guidance.
Source: Image and Content from KQED


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Types Of Muscles Contraction – How Does A Muscle Contract?
The bones and joints form an important part of the skeletal system. However, they would be incomplete without the use of muscles.
Muscles are long bundles of contractile tissue that form the basis of all movements and give contour to the body.
Let us take a look at the types of muscles found in the human body.
The first type of muscles the skeletal muscles or striated muscles. They enable us to carry out many movements. There are more than 650 skeletal muscles in our body.
A skeletal muscle usually has two ends: a fixed end where the muscle originates and a movable end that pulls another part.
Skeletal muscles joint bones together and are held in place by tendons. Tendons are chords of tough tissue that connect bones to muscles.
Skeletal muscles often work in pairs while one contracts the other relaxes. For example, the bicep muscle in the upper arm contracts when the lower arm is raised up. At this time the tricep muscle relaxes to straighten the arm out again. The triceps muscle contracts while the bicep muscle relaxes. Such muscles that cause opposing movements are known as antagonistic muscles. They are found in the thigh as well.
As muscles contract, they become shorter and thicker. The process of contraction is a result of a complex series of events that take place within the muscle cells. Muscles are composed of long thin cells called muscle fibers. They are packed in bundles and run through the entire length of the muscle in the body.
Each muscle contains individual contractile units called myofibrils. Myofibrils are cylindrical multinucleated cells. Myofibrils are composed of smaller units known as sarcomeres. Each sarcomere contains two long fibrous proteins.
The thicker filament of protein is known as myosin, while the thinner filament is known as actin. When a muscle receives nerve impulses these filaments slide over each other and the muscle contracts. The filaments in the sarcomeres are responsible for the striation of skeletal muscles.
Skeletal muscles can contract and relax rapidly but are easily fatigued. As skeletal muscles are controlled by the somatic nervous system. They can be consciously controlled. Such muscles are also referred to as voluntary muscles. When you push your shoulder blades together, you are using your trapezius muscle. This is an example of a voluntary muscle.
The third type of muscle in the human brain is the smooth muscle or the non- striated muscles. They can be found in structures such as the esophagus and organs such as the stomach and the intestines. Smooth muscles perform slow long-term contractions. For example, peristalsis is a result of contraction of smooth muscles.
Unlike skeletal muscles, smooth muscles are not under our control. They are involuntary muscles and non-striated. However, there are some muscles that are both voluntary and involuntary. The eyelids are an example of this type of muscle.
Movements in our body are made easier due to the lever action in the skeleton. The level of the first order is where the power and the weight act with a fulcrum in between. This is represented by the extension of the arm at the elbow by the action of the triceps muscle. The lever of the second order is where the fulcrum and power are at each end with a weight in between. This is represented by the calf or gastrocnemius muscle that raises the weight of the body on the toes.
The level of the third-order is where the fulcrum and the weight are at each end with par in between. This is represented by the bicep muscle when flexing the arm.
Thus, the various muscles of the human body make movement and locomotion possible.
As muscles contract, they pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones. This creates force and movement.
This seems like a pain to memorize until you give some thought to what the words mean. ISO means equal. So, when we categorize our muscle contractions we name them according to what stays the same throughout the contraction.
-the amount of energy required by the muscle.
In isotonic contractions, the muscle tension stays the same. The length of the muscle changes as the muscle contracts and pulls on the bone. The amount of energy required by the muscle may change, but the tension across the muscle stays the same.
If the force the muscle is producing is greater than the opposing force, the muscle shortens. This is called a concentric contraction. If the force the muscle is producing is less than the opposing force, the muscle lengthens. This is called an eccentric contraction.
So, if this biceps muscle is being used to do curls, energy goes into the muscle to cause it to contract and pull on the tendon, which pulls on the bone. On the way up the muscle, force overcomes the weight of the dumbbell. This is a concentric contraction. On the way down the muscle is still contracting and creating a force to oppose the dumbbell. If it didn't the arm would just fall with the weight of the dumbbell. But the weight of the dumbbell is overcoming the force created by the muscle and the muscle lengthens. This is an eccentric contraction.
So, isotonic contractions are the regular weight lifting contractions that we normally think of.
Concentric isotonic contractions occur as the muscle overcomes the opposing force and shortens.
Eccentric isotonic contractions occur when the force created by the muscle is less than the opposing force and the muscle lengthens.
In isometric contractions, the muscle length stays the same. The tension between the muscle may change and the energy required by the muscle may change in order to maintain the length, but the length stays the same.
Think of the metric system being used to measure length. Isometric maintains an equal length. If this biceps muscle wants to maintain a constant length it may require more tension and more energy depending on how much weight is added. But the length stays the same and the bones the muscle is playing on don't move.
Doing pull-ups requires isotonic contractions. The invisible chair requires isometric contractions. The pull-ups are a dynamic exercise, where there is movement. The invisible chair is a static exercise where there is no movement. In isokinetic contractions, the energy required by the muscle stays the same throughout the contraction. The tension across the muscle may change and the length of the muscle changes.


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Home > 2017 Ferrari Cavalcade
2017 Ferrari Cavalcade
Over one hundred customers from all over the world discover Apulia
The sixth edition of the Ferrari Cavalcade – a "travelling show" of over one hundred Ferraris coming from all over the world – took place in Apulia from 21 to 25 June. The event is restricted to the most loyal customers and collectors, who share their passion for the Prancing Horse by visiting some of Italy's most beautiful areas every year.
For Ferrari, which turns 70 this year, it has been an opportunity to celebrate an important anniversary and introduce its international customers to the beauty, customs and culture of a new Italian region after helping them discover unique landscapes in Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio and Sicily in previous editions.
The "base camp" of Ferrari Cavalcade was at Borgo Egnazia, in the Savelletri countryside that straddles the Brindisi and Bari provinces. From there, all participants drove along scenic routes in their Ferraris, meandering through villages and cities of art. The programme combined Mediterranean charm and sheer driving fun, particularly thanks to some experiences designed to give the vehicles free rein and unleash their full potential.
The star of Day 1 was Matera, the Basilicata town that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was named 2019 European Capital of Culture. An adrenaline-filled acceleration test awaited customers at the Gioia del Colle Italian Airforce Base. Castel del Monte, Trani and the old city centre of Bari were the art and history destinations for Day 2, which also included a stop at the Autodromo del Levante race track, where the Ferraris competed against each other in driving skill tests. The weekend started with a trip to Santa Cesarea and Lecce, whilst on Sunday the Cavalcade went through the Valle dei Trulli, with a stop at Alberobello, and ended with a gala dinner at Polignano a Mare.
The list of over 30 Countries the participants come from is a testament to the brand's global appeal: all five Continents were represented, all sharing the same passion for Ferrari.
The Ferrari models registered for the event are mainly recently-manufactured ones: from GTC4Lusso via F12tdf and California T through to 488 Spider. The "jewels in the crown" included some special limited series, such as the F40, the F50 and the Enzo. LaFerrari Aperta - the iconic car that symbolises Ferrari's 70th anniversary - also attended.
Photos and videos of the Ferrari Cavalcade are available upon request, or at Ferrari.com.


You can migrate your data from v1 file to the new v2 file in less than 10 minutes. Please watch the video below where I demonstrate how to do it.
If you had chosen YES for 'Do you Hold Finished Goods Inventory' setting in v1, then type YES in the HOLD PRODUCT AS FINISHED GOOD? column in v2.
From the DATA Ribbon, please choose Refresh All. This will update all the calculations in the Template. Now, The Product Report, Raw Materials report and Sales report will have updated numbers.
After migrating, please review the template and make sure that everything is according to your expectations.


Birthday Fun at the Seaside!
Well I'm now officially over the hill 30! Blimey where has the time gone! It was my birthday on Thursday and it just so happened to also be my little boy Fred's 3rd birthday too! My other half took me for a fancy meal at The Fox and Goose in Fressingfield the evening before – seriously, if you're ever in this neck of the woods, you must go there, the food is amazing.
And on Thursday we had planned to go to the local Zoo but at the last minute changed our minds as the weather was so lovely, so we decided to go to the seaside instead!
Don't forget to check out my massive birthday giveaway here!


On a floor above the old police station, you can wash down a $14 Cuban sandwich with an $18 mezcal. for 17 years. "They're.
Of the 18 warmest years ever recorded, 17 have occurred since 2001. Experts concur that patterns of extreme weather are evide.
New Jersey Manufacturers Auto Insurance Co Law Offices of Jan Meyer and Associates, P.C. Guide to Recovery of PIP in New Jersey With Other Selected New Jersey Laws Related to Subrogation I like how I can change the driving conditions and see how the system reacts. This is a great place to start with brand new drivers. Mark Baker – Driver Education. Jul 3, 2017. See reviews for New Jersey Manufacturers Insurance Co in Trenton, NJ. Needed new auto insurance policy because of price increases with.
Jun 26, 2015. Car insurance companies calculate their rates for a particular model by. here reflect the average of what an unmarried 40-year-old male can.
OLD National. share for the current year. In other Kinder Morgan news, Director William A. Smith purchased 5,556 shares of.
Roman was founded 11 months ago by 27-year-old CEO Zachariah Reitano. which also sells anti-wrinkle creams and prescriptio.
In addition to the deaths of teen drivers, more than half of 8- to 17-year-old children. higher rates of impaired driving.
Wages and employment have increased and unemployment rates have decreased since this same time last year in the. for unemployment insurance (UI), using a 13-week moving average, decreasing.
Covers up to £7000 per claim towards the cost of parts labour and vat related to mechanical failure of insured parts: Up to £7000 per claim towards the cost of.
Apr 14, 2014. The difference between average car insurance rates in Maryland's. Drivers just six miles south, in Clinton, pay about $170 less per year for their insurance. 18 , Riverdale, $2,049.33, $1,870.50, $1,412.00, $1,745.67, $1,769.38. 97, Brookeville, $1,581.17, $1,454.50, $1,350.25, $1,364.67, $1,437.65.
Feb 9, 1997. In fact, adding a minor to an auto policy can double the cost, and some. CNA, which will pay an average of $147 to policyholders who seek reimbursement. faced the reporting issue when it came time to insure his 17-year-old son. A version of this article appears in print on February 9, 1997, on Page.
About 2.16M shares traded or 15.38% up from the average. Costco Wholesale Corporation. 5,585 shares worth $1.16 million on Monday, June 18. $2.21M worth of Costco Wholesale Corporation (NASDAQ:COST.
IAA Spinco Inc (IAA) IAA is the combination of three businesses – "Insurance Auto Auctions. Over the last five years, the U.S. Car Parc has increased by approximately 21 million vehicles.
Among respondents 18 to 35 years old whose principal transportation is a private car, 97 percent said they. to monthly cab.
Seniors not yet old enough for Medicare were at risk of losing their health insurance. People who owned their homes. to re.


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BlueCat Whiplash Screening with Damien Chazelle, J.K. Simmons, and Miles Teller
by BlueCat | Oct 9, 2014 | The BlueCat Screenplay Competition Blog | 0 comments
Last week, BlueCat was fortunate enough to be in the audience for a special screening of Whiplash, the new film by writer/director Damien Chazelle. The film tells the story of an ambitious young drummer, played by Miles Teller, at the finest music school in the country and his struggle to please an abusive professor, played by an electrifying J.K. Simmons.
For those concerned that a film about jazz drumming can't keep your attention, never fear. Whiplash is more Fight Club than Mr. Holland's Opus.
The film began as a feature screenplay based partially on Chazelle's experience as a musician in High School with an overbearing music instructor. "I was even more impressionable [in High School]. I remember drumming for fun and then I was taken into this pressure cooker. You question what it does to your psyche. Ten years out, I still wonder whether it was worth it. I definitely became a better drummer," he said.
After writing the screenplay, and shopping it around, Chazelle faced a challenge that inevitably plagues all screenwriters. "No one wanted to finance it. I had the feature script and no one wanted to finance a jazz drummer movie."
http://www.ssninsider.com/
So Chazelle did what many writers do. He wrote and produced a short film based on his feature screenplay. Luckily he had some star power."I got the script from Jason Reitman (Thank You For Smoking) so I figured it was probably pretty good. It jumped off the page and I signed up," Simmons said, "And unlike other actors I wasn't too big shot to do a short."
The resulting short film, which also stars Simmons as the abusive music instructor, went onto earn acclaim at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival and attracted investors to sign on and produce the complete version of the script. The feature, which premiered at Sundance this year, has also garnered praise, especially from those who have gone to music school.
"Thank you for making it so accurate," one musician in the audience said at the screening. Chazelle thanked the audience member back, then commented that not everyone was as satisfied with the script. "I remember two complaints. One was from a guy who had never been a musician and he said he couldn't believe music school was like that. The other was a jazz drummer at Lincoln Center and his complaint is that it didn't go far enough." Considering the extreme bully-mentorship on display in the film, this revelation is shocking.
Whiplash is a film dedicated to devotion and discipline, two essential qualities for any aspiring filmmaker. Go see the film when it hits theaters October 10th.
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Olivia on 5 Top Reasons It's Hard To Write A Screenplay (And How It Gets Better….)


Is Procedural Warfare Sidelining Subject Matter Expertise?
May Award Setting Aside or Annulment Proceedings Help Limit the Employment of Guerrilla Tactics?
How May Investment Tribunals Cope With and Sanction Guerrilla Tactics of the Parties/their Counsel?
How May Commercial Arbitral Tribunals Cope With and Sanction Guerrilla Tactics of the Parties/Their Counsel?