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The Digital Responder
Exploring the Intersection of Technology and Emergencies
Written by rbharani December 22, 2016 December 22, 2016
Humanitarian Information Security and the Obligation to Protect
"No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks." – Article 12, Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Humanitarian organizations – NGOs, governments and organs of the United Nations system – are increasingly challenged to adopt new Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) to execute the core humanitarian mission. Traditional ways of gathering and disseminating data and information – paper forms, offline spreadsheets or other forms of collection struggle to keep up with the tremendous workload the humanitarian community is under. As such, many of these organizations are moving towards digitization – that is, "taking manual or offline business processes and converting them to online, networked, computer-supported processes."
Along with this transformation in the use of technology and information comes with new risks. As these organizations successfully move to new ways of doing business, they become dependent upon the integrity of the technology underpinning those systems. It is therefore natural that the humanitarian community start to consider the information security risks inherent in their ICT dependencies. This isn't any different than the security challenges any enterprise business has to face.
Beyond the inherent need for information security that exists in any "digitized" organization, I argue that the humanitarian community has a special Obligation to Protect which compels strong information security, data protection and privacy responses based on the core mission of humanitarian organizations and the Humanitarian Principles as established in United Nations General Assembly Resolutions 46/182 and 58/114.
Humanitarianism in the Age of Cyber-Warfare
Humanitarian responses to modern disasters, conflicts, and other crises are incredibly technology dependent. From Ebola to Haiti to Syria, crisis responders and aid workers rely upon computers, tablets, smartphones, and all manner of technologies to get the job done. With increasing use of emerging technologies such as cloud-based solutions, UAVs, and data analytics, humanitarians are better able to get the aid to where it is needed in more efficient, cost-effective ways. Emerging applications also complicate the kinds of information that are being entrusted to the community: "Humanitarians are also collecting entirely new types of information, such as bank accounts and financial data for cash programming, and biometrics, such as fingerprints and iris scans, in Kenya, South Sudan, Malawi and elsewhere."
These essential digital dependencies can also prove to be a tempting target for organized crime, hackers, or sophisticated combatants. The increasingly large amount of sensitive data being collected by the humanitarian community often outstrips the ability for organizations to effectively identify and mitigate infosec/data protection/privacy risks. In my unofficial survey of major international humanitarian NGOs, of the 30 organizations I surveyed, only about four or five had dedicated information security headcount, and even in those organizations the ability to influence the security of data being used by country offices or out in the field was extremely limited.
High Vulnerability Meets Low Capacity
The humanitarian community therefore finds itself in the unenviable place of having a high degree of vulnerability to security threats, but a low capacity to address those threats. Unlike businesses or governments where various security standards exist and can be audited against (such as ISO 27001:2013, PCI or NIST 800-53) there are no existing standards for humanitarian information security. The three standards I just referred to are widely used, but lack a grounding in humanitarian principles that are essential to the organizations in our community.
The need for security won't be driven from beneficiaries, however. Imagine a hypothetical scenario of a refugee family fleeing a war or disaster arriving at a camp run by an international aid organization. At the entrance to the camp is an aid worker with a laptop who is requiring all arrivals to register into a database. No refugee will respond to this request by demanding assurance as to whether the data will be encrypted or protected against theft. In this transaction, the refugee lacks agency to advocate for appropriate information security controls — if one wants a place for their family to sleep tonight and eat, one will most likely hand over whatever information is being requested.
Contrast this to my rights as a consumer in the United States or Europe – if Amazon (for example) were to lose my credit card or other sensitive PII to a hacker, there are laws that define what responsibilities fall to Amazon, and what remedies are available to me. None of this currently exists in the humanitarian space.
Protecting the Vulnerable is What We Do
Humanitarian organizations long ago defined and adopted the humanitarian principles as universal values:
Humanity: Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found. The purpose of humanitarian action is to protect life and health and ensure respect for human beings.
Neutrality: Humanitarian actors must not take sides in hostilities or engage in controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature.
Impartiality: Humanitarian action must be carried out on the basis of need alone, giving priority to the most urgent cases of distress and making no distinctions on the basis of nationality, race, gender, religious belief, class or political opinions.
Independence: Humanitarian action must be autonomous from the political, economic, military or other objectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented.
The Obligation to Protect is consistent with these principles: Organizations that have the mission of addressing human suffering and protecting vulnerable people from further harm in the physical space – assuring basic physical security along with food, shelter, medical care and other essential human needs – also have an equivlent duty to protect people from digital harm, whether it's identity theft, financial fraud, or physical harm resulting from the loss of confidentiality, integrity or availability of humanitarian ICT systems.
The precautionary principle of "do no harm" should be the underlying touchpoint of all humanitarian ICT efforts. It requires technologists and humanitarians alike to consider the risks of all technology use and to work to minimize such risks to aid workers, donors and most importantly beneficiary populations. In short, information security is essential to the humanitarian ICT mission because compromise puts the core mission and rationale of humanitarian action at risk.
Conclusion: Information Security is Inherent in the Mission
Humanitarian action is increasingly dependent upon ICT. In the absence of legislation and standards within the community, humanitarian organizations must recognize the Obligation to Protect as it applies to information security, data protection and privacy as an essential part of the humanitarian mission. All humanitarian actors – whether they work for a humanitarian agency, are crowd-sourced volunteers on the Internet, or from the private sector – must be educated on the Obligation to Protect and how all parties must ensure appropriate and secure use of ICT and datasets.
Aid workers and beneficiary populations are often among the most vulnerable people on earth — they exist in crisis, with little or no ability to identify and minimize risk on their own. The goal of good security should be to minimize the risk that they will be further victimized by electronic malfeasance.
What do you think is the best way to drive information security into the humanitarian community, let me know in the comments below!
"Applying Humanitarian Principles to Current Uses of Information Communication Technologies: Gaps in Doctrine and Challenges to Practice", Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, July 2015
"Humanitarianism In The Age of Cyber-Warfare: Towards the Principled and Secure Use of Information in Humanitarian Emergencies", UN OCHA, October 2014
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International Astronomical Union Colloquium (2)
Biological Reviews (1)
British Journal of Political Science (1)
Bridging Industry to Beamline through an Advanced Laboratory-Based Characterisation Facility
Richard E Johnston, Cameron Pleydell-Pearce, Alan Clarke, Kyriakos Mouzakitis, Leon Wechie, Ling Xu, Ric Allott
Correlating Microstructure to in situ Micromechanical Behaviour and Toughening Strategies in Biological Materials
Richard E Johnston, Ria L Mitchell, Cameron Pleydell-Pearce, Mark Coleman, Laura North, David LaBonte, Michelle Oyen, Rachel Board, Edward C Pope, Hari Arora, David Howells
Infection prevention in the operating room anesthesia work area
L. Silvia Munoz-Price, Andrew Bowdle, B. Lynn Johnston, Gonzalo Bearman, Bernard C. Camins, E. Patchen Dellinger, Marjorie A. Geisz-Everson, Galit Holzmann-Pazgal, Rekha Murthy, David Pegues, Richard C. Prielipp, Zachary A. Rubin, Joshua Schaffzin, Deborah Yokoe, David J. Birnbach
Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 40 / Issue 1 / January 2019
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2018, pp. 1-17
Correlative Imaging and Bio-inspiration: Multi-scale and Multi-modal Investigations of the Acorn Barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides)
Ria L. Mitchell, Cameron Pleydell-Pearce, Mark P. Coleman, Peter Davies, Laura North, Richard E. Johnston, Will Harris
By Rony A. Adam, Gloria Bachmann, Nichole M. Barker, Randall B. Barnes, John Bennett, Inbar Ben-Shachar, Jonathan S. Berek, Sarah L. Berga, Monica W. Best, Eric J. Bieber, Frank M. Biro, Shan Biscette, Anita K. Blanchard, Candace Brown, Ronald T. Burkman, Joseph Buscema, John E. Buster, Michael Byas-Smith, Sandra Ann Carson, Judy C. Chang, Annie N. Y. Cheung, Mindy S. Christianson, Karishma Circelli, Daniel L. Clarke-Pearson, Larry J. Copeland, Bryan D. Cowan, Navneet Dhillon, Michael P. Diamond, Conception Diaz-Arrastia, Nicole M. Donnellan, Michael L. Eisenberg, Eric Eisenhauer, Sebastian Faro, J. Stuart Ferriss, Lisa C. Flowers, Susan J. Freeman, Leda Gattoc, Claudine Marie Gayle, Timothy M. Geiger, Jennifer S. Gell, Alan N. Gordon, Victoria L. Green, Jon K. Hathaway, Enrique Hernandez, S. Paige Hertweck, Randall S. Hines, Ira R. Horowitz, Fred M. Howard, William W. Hurd, Fidan Israfilbayli, Denise J. Jamieson, Carolyn R. Jaslow, Erika B. Johnston-MacAnanny, Rohna M. Kearney, Namita Khanna, Caroline C. King, Jeremy A. King, Ira J. Kodner, Tamara Kolev, Athena P. Kourtis, S. Robert Kovac, Ertug Kovanci, William H. Kutteh, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Pallavi Latthe, Herschel W. Lawson, Ronald L. Levine, Frank W. Ling, Larry I. Lipshultz, Steven D. McCarus, Robert McLellan, Shruti Malik, Suketu M. Mansuria, Mohamed K. Mehasseb, Pamela J. Murray, Saloney Nazeer, Farr R. Nezhat, Hextan Y. S. Ngan, Gina M. Northington, Peggy A. Norton, Ruth M. O'Regan, Kristiina Parviainen, Resad P. Pasic, Tanja Pejovic, K. Ulrich Petry, Nancy A. Phillips, Ashish Pradhan, Elizabeth E. Puscheck, Suneetha Rachaneni, Devon M. Ramaeker, David B. Redwine, Robert L. Reid, Carla P. Roberts, Walter Romano, Peter G. Rose, Robert L. Rosenfield, Shon P. Rowan, Mack T. Ruffin, Janice M. Rymer, Evis Sala, Ritu Salani, Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Mahmood I. Shafi, Roger P. Smith, Meredith L. Snook, Thomas E. Snyder, Mary D. Stephenson, Thomas G. Stovall, Richard L. Sweet, Philip M. Toozs-Hobson, Togas Tulandi, Elizabeth R. Unger, Denise S. Uyar, Marion S. Verp, Rahi Victory, Tamara J. Vokes, Michelle J. Washington, Katharine O'Connell White, Paul E. Wise, Frank M. Wittmaack, Miya P. Yamamoto, Christine Yu, Howard A. Zacur
Edited by Eric J. Bieber, Joseph S. Sanfilippo, University of Pittsburgh, Ira R. Horowitz, Emory University, Atlanta, Mahmood I. Shafi
Book: Clinical Gynecology
Print publication: 23 April 2015, pp viii-xiv
Radio Continuum Surveys with Square Kilometre Array Pathfinders
Square Kilometre Array
Ray P. Norris, J. Afonso, D. Bacon, Rainer Beck, Martin Bell, R. J. Beswick, Philip Best, Sanjay Bhatnagar, Annalisa Bonafede, Gianfranco Brunetti, Tamás Budavári, Rossella Cassano, J. J. Condon, Catherine Cress, Arwa Dabbech, I. Feain, Rob Fender, Chiara Ferrari, B. M. Gaensler, G. Giovannini, Marijke Haverkorn, George Heald, Kurt Van der Heyden, A. M. Hopkins, M. Jarvis, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Roland Kothes, Huib Van Langevelde, Joseph Lazio, Minnie Y. Mao, Alejo Martínez-Sansigre, David Mary, Kim Mcalpine, E. Middelberg, Eric Murphy, P. Padovani, Zsolt Paragi, I. Prandoni, A. Raccanelli, Emma Rigby, I. G. Roseboom, H. Röttgering, Jose Sabater, Mara Salvato, Anna M. M. Scaife, Richard Schilizzi, N. Seymour, Dan J. B. Smith, Grazia Umana, G.-B. Zhao, Peter-Christian Zinn
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 March 2013, e020
In the lead-up to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, several next-generation radio telescopes and upgrades are already being built around the world. These include APERTIF (The Netherlands), ASKAP (Australia), e-MERLIN (UK), VLA (USA), e-EVN (based in Europe), LOFAR (The Netherlands), MeerKAT (South Africa), and the Murchison Widefield Array. Each of these new instruments has different strengths, and coordination of surveys between them can help maximise the science from each of them. A radio continuum survey is being planned on each of them with the primary science objective of understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic time, and the cosmological parameters and large-scale structures which drive it. In pursuit of this objective, the different teams are developing a variety of new techniques, and refining existing ones. To achieve these exciting scientific goals, many technical challenges must be addressed by the survey instruments. Given the limited resources of the global radio-astronomical community, it is essential that we pool our skills and knowledge. We do not have sufficient resources to enjoy the luxury of re-inventing wheels. We face significant challenges in calibration, imaging, source extraction and measurement, classification and cross-identification, redshift determination, stacking, and data-intensive research. As these instruments extend the observational parameters, we will face further unexpected challenges in calibration, imaging, and interpretation. If we are to realise the full scientific potential of these expensive instruments, it is essential that we devote enough resources and careful study to understanding the instrumental effects and how they will affect the data. We have established an SKA Radio Continuum Survey working group, whose prime role is to maximise science from these instruments by ensuring we share resources and expertise across the projects. Here we describe these projects, their science goals, and the technical challenges which are being addressed to maximise the science return.
By J. Todd Arnedt, Nazem Atassi, Judith Bebchuk, Devin L. Brown, Rickey E. Carter, Rick Chappell, William R. Clarke, Christopher S. Coffey, Peter G. Como, Merit Cudkowicz, Jeffrey Cummings, Gary R. Cutter, Gerald J. Dal Pan, E. Ray Dorsey, Susan S. Ellenberg, Jordan Elm, Changyong Feng, Elizabeth Fisher, Jacqueline A. French, Jean-Michel Germain, Joshua D. Grill, Robert G. Holloway, Karen C. Johnston, S. Claiborne Johnston, Cornelia L. Kamp, Russell Katz, Kathryn M. Kellogg, Karl Kieburtz, Scott Y. H. Kim, Jonathan Kimmelman, Bruce Levin, Michael P. McDermott, Eric A. Mann, John Markman, D. Troy Morgan, Gilmore N. O'Neill, Yuko Y. Palesch, John R. Pollard, R. Michael Poole, Mary E. Putt, Bemard Ravina, Richard A. Rudick, David Schoenfeld, Andrew D. Siderowf, Janet Wittes, Robert F. Woolson, Michael E. Yurcheshen
Edited by Bernard Ravina, Jeffrey Cummings, Michael McDermott, R. Michael Poole
Book: Clinical Trials in Neurology
Print publication: 12 April 2012, pp ix-xii
By Eileen M. Bulger, Maxime Cannesson, Richard P. Dutton, Robert A. Dyer, Tong J. Gan, Per-Olof Grände, Philip E. Greilich, Oliver Habler, Robert G. Hahn, Hengo Haljamäe, Kathrine Holte, Jan Jakobsson, Michael F.M. James, William E. Johnston, Yifat Klein, Idit Matot, Timothy E. Miller, Isabelle Murat, Johan Persson, Niels H. Secher, Palle Toft, Else Tønnesen, van der Linden Philippe, Johannes J. van Lieshout
Edited by Robert G. Hahn, Linköpings Universitet, Sweden
Book: Clinical Fluid Therapy in the Perioperative Setting
Print publication: 04 August 2011, pp vi-viii
By Pina Amin, Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, Sarah L. Bell, M. J. Blott, Hajeera Butt, Edwin Chandraharan, Joanna Crofts, Mark Denbow, Mandish K. Dhanjal, Stergios K. Doumouchtsis, Timothy J. Draycott, Rohan D'Souza, David Fraser, Guy Jackson, Nina Johns, Tracey Johnston, Justin C. Konje, Audrey Long, Louay S. Louis, Paul A. Mannix, Mahishee Mehta, Nutan Mishra, Sambit Mukhopadhyay, Deirdre J. Murphy, Vivek Nama, Osric Navti, Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Jane E. Norman, Geraldine O'Sullivan, Sara Paterson-Brown, Leonie Penna, Neelam Potdar, Helen Scholefield, Jason Scott, Dimitrios M. Siassakos, Gordon C. S. Smith, Lisa Story, Bryony Strachan, Devi Subramanian, Abdul H. Sultan, Ranee Thakar, Austin Ugwumadu, Rajesh Varma, James J. Walker, Steve Walkinshaw, Richard Warren, Melissa Whitten, Melissa K. Whitworth, Julian Woolfson, Steve Yentis
Edited by Richard Warren, Sabaratnam Arulkumaran
Book: Best Practice in Labour and Delivery
Intake rates and the functional response in shorebirds (Charadriiformes) eating macro-invertebrates
John D. Goss-Custard, Andrew D. West, Michael G. Yates, Richard W. G. Caldow, Richard A. Stillman, Louise Bardsley, Juan Castilla, Macarena Castro, Volker Dierschke, Sarah. E. A. Le. V. dit Durell, Goetz Eichhorn, Bruno J. Ens, Klaus-Michael Exo, P. U. Udayangani-Fernando, Peter N. Ferns, Philip A. R. Hockey, Jennifer A. Gill, Ian Johnstone, Bozena Kalejta-Summers, Jose A. Masero, Francisco Moreira, Rajarathina Velu Nagarajan, Ian P. F. Owens, Cristian Pacheco, Alejandro Perez-Hurtado, Danny Rogers, Gregor Scheiffarth, Humphrey Sitters, William J. Sutherland, Patrick Triplet, Dave H. Worrall1, Yuri Zharikov, Leo Zwarts, Richard A. Pettifor
Journal: Biological Reviews / Volume 81 / Issue 4 / November 2006
As field determinations take much effort, it would be useful to be able to predict easily the coefficients describing the functional response of free-living predators, the function relating food intake rate to the abundance of food organisms in the environment. As a means easily to parameterise an individual-based model of shorebird Charadriiformes populations, we attempted this for shorebirds eating macro-invertebrates. Intake rate is measured as the ash-free dry mass (AFDM) per second of active foraging; i.e. excluding time spent on digestive pauses and other activities, such as preening. The present and previous studies show that the general shape of the functional response in shorebirds eating approximately the same size of prey across the full range of prey density is a decelerating rise to a plateau, thus approximating the Holling type II ('disc equation') formulation. But field studies confirmed that the asymptote was not set by handling time, as assumed by the disc equation, because only about half the foraging time was spent in successfully or unsuccessfully attacking and handling prey, the rest being devoted to searching.
A review of 30 functional responses showed that intake rate in free-living shorebirds varied independently of prey density over a wide range, with the asymptote being reached at very low prey densities (<150/m−2). Accordingly, most of the many studies of shorebird intake rate have probably been conducted at or near the asymptote of the functional response, suggesting that equations that predict intake rate should also predict the asymptote.
A multivariate analysis of 468 'spot' estimates of intake rates from 26 shorebirds identified ten variables, representing prey and shorebird characteristics, that accounted for 81% of the variance in logarithm-transformed intake rate. But four-variables accounted for almost as much (77.3%), these being bird size, prey size, whether the bird was an oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus eating mussels Mytilus edulis, or breeding. The four variable equation under-predicted, on average, the observed 30 estimates of the asymptote by 11.6%, but this discrepancy was reduced to 0.2% when two suspect estimates from one early study in the 1960s were removed. The equation therefore predicted the observed asymptote very successfully in 93% of cases.
We conclude that the asymptote can be reliably predicted from just four easily measured variables. Indeed, if the birds are not breeding and are not oystercatchers eating mussels, reliable predictions can be obtained using just two variables, bird and prey sizes. A multivariate analysis of 23 estimates of the half-asymptote constant suggested they were smaller when prey were small but greater when the birds were large, especially in oystercatchers. The resulting equation could be used to predict the half-asymptote constant, but its predictive power has yet to be tested.
As well as predicting the asymptote of the functional response, the equations will enable research workers engaged in many areas of shorebird ecology and behaviour to estimate intake rate without the need for conventional time-consuming field studies, including species for which it has not yet proved possible to measure intake rate in the field.
Effectiveness of the water-insoluble component of triple superphosphate for yield and phosphorus uptake by plants
A. E. JOHNSTON, I. R. RICHARDS
Journal: The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 140 / Issue 3 / May 2003
The water-insoluble phosphorus (P) component ('residue source') was separated from four commercial triple superphosphate (TSP) products and its agronomic effectiveness evaluated. Two of the TSP products were sourced from the USA and two from the UK. Effectiveness was measured using a pot trial technique with ryegrass as the test crop. The residue sources were evaluated on 13 soils varying in key properties: readily plant-available P, texture, pH and organic matter content. Four of the soils were from Germany, one from Spain, five from the UK and three from France. Grass dry-matter yield and P offtake were measured at every cut on every soil. For both of these variables, significant responses to applied P were obtained on all soils. Mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) was used as the comparative P source and effectiveness of the residue sources was estimated relative to that of MCP. Using dry-matter data, the residue sources were 44–87% as effective as MCP; P offtake data provided corresponding estimates of 35–79%. Both methods of estimation indicated the same ranking of residue sources in terms of relative effectiveness, those derived from USA products being more effective than those derived from UK products. The ranking was the same for all soils. The effectiveness of the residue sources relative to that of MCP appeared little affected by measured soil properties: texture, pH, available P or organic carbon content. The results indicate there is little difference in agronomic effectiveness of TSP products with water solubility greater than 85%.
The Transformation of Southern Politics Revisited: The House of Representatives as a Window
BYRON E. SHAFER, RICHARD G. C. JOHNSTON
Journal: British Journal of Political Science / Volume 31 / Issue 4 / October 2001
The appearance of a Republican majority among Southern members of the US House of Representatives provides a substantive reason to reconsider political change in the post-war South. And a newly created, merged dataset makes it possible to address the central and recurrent propositions about change in Southern politics in a manner not previously possible. When this is done, four basic contributions are highlighted, each a clear modification of the standard story. The main impetus for partisan change proves to be economic development, and a changing politics of economic interest. The main brake on this impetus proves to be legal desegregation, and a changing politics of racial identity. Several indirect interactions of race and class then enhance the impact of both contributions, while their joint impact is also powerfully shaped by the strategic response of partisan elites: by the appearance of Republican challengers but, especially, by the practical resistance of Democratic incumbents.
The Grid Giant Star Survey for the Space Interferometry Mission
Richard J. Patterson, Steven R. Majewski, Catherine L. Slesnick, Jaehyon Rhee, Jeffrey D. Crane, Allyson A. Polak, Arunav Kundu, William E. Kunkel, Douglas Geisler, Ricardo Muñoz, Jose Arenas, Juan Seguel, Wolfgang Gieren, Verne V. Smith, G. Fritz Benedict, Kathryn V. Johnston
Journal: International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 183 / 2001
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 April 2016, pp. 65-74
NASA's Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), scheduled for launch in 2009, will determine the positions of thousands of stars as faint as V = 20 to a precision better than 4 microarcseconds (µas). A key part of the mission is the Astrometric Grid, which is a reference frame of several thousand stars with V ≤ 13 against which all relative measurements will be calibrated. To serve as a reliable inertial reference frame, the Grid must be astrometrically stable against photocenter jitter (from planets, binary companions, flaring or spotting) at the ~ 4µas level. Sub–solar metallicity giant stars, by virtue of their intrinsic luminosity, can probe the Galaxy to greater distances than almost any other stellar type at the same apparent magnitude. Thus, distant (> 3 kpc) giants with V < 13 will have proportionately smaller astrometric jitter compared to other potential Astrometric Grid star candidates. The Grid Giant Star Survey is a patchwork all-sky survey to find sub–solar metallicity K giants for the Grid, and to provide a unique database for studies of Galactic stellar populations. We describe here the survey characteristics and give examples of results to date.
Non-invasive technique for assessment and management planning of oral–pharyngeal dysphagia in children with cerebral palsy
Wilfred G Selley, Lynsey C Parrott, Penny C Lethbridge, Frederick C Flack, Richard E Ellis, Kerry J Johnston, John H Tripp
The non-invasive Exeter Dysphagia Assessment Technique (EDAT) was evaluated as a method of assessing the aetiology of dysphagia in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Data have been collected from a group of 20 typically developing children (nine girls, 11 boys; age range 7 to 14 years) for comparison with 125 dysphagic children with CP (81 boys, 44 girls; age range 1 to 18 years). The swallowing mechanism has been separated into physiological phases: anticipatory, delivery, oral transit, and oral–pharyngeal. Normal or abnormal function in each phase was recorded and the common causes of any impaired phase were considered, starting with generalized possibilities before focusing on specific parts of swallowing physiology. Data from 125 dysphagic children with CP show marked differences from the data for the typically developing children. Interpreting individual results was valuable in assisting the assessment team to formulate management strategies; two examples are presented. The technique appears to provide a cost effective, non-invasive, and valuable clinical tool.
The Full-Sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer – Distances and Photometry of 40 Million Stars
Scott D. Horner, Marvin E. Germain, Thomas P. Greene, Fred H. Harris, Mark S. Johnson, Kenneth J. Johnston, David G. Monet, Marc A. Murison, James D. Phillips, Robert D. Reasenberg, P. Kenneth Seidelmann, Sean E. Urban, Richard H. Vassar
The Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME) is designed to perform an all-sky, astrometric survey with unprecedented accuracy. It will create a rigid astrometric catalog of 4 × 107 stars with 5 < mV < 15. For bright stars, 5 < mV < 9, FAME will determine positions and parallaxes accurate to < 50 μas, with proper motion errors < 50 μas/yr. For fainter stars, 9 < mV < 15, FAME will determine positions and parallaxes accurate to < 500 μas, with proper motion errors < 500 μas/yr. It will also collect photometric data on these 4 × 107 stars in four Sloan Digital Sky Survey colors. NASA selected FAME to be one of five MIDEX missions funded for a concept study. In October 1999, NASA selected FAME for launch in 2004 as the MIDEX-4 mission in its Explorer program.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Bachelor of Science in Psychology program (BSP) is designed to help you observe human behavior through the scientific method, allowing you to gain access to the human psyche and fathom its depths. You will gain the knowledge, tools and skills needed to assess and conduct empirical research regarding individual and group behavior though the lens of various psychological theories and concepts. The BSP degree can prepare you for general careers in teaching, research, counseling and human resources. It can also be a foundation major for further studies in the fields of Medicine, Guidance and Counseling, Human Resource Development and Law.


This post categorized under Logo and posted on November 7th, 2018.
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Every one of us gets way too much spam, and we feel it is unethical for a business to turn their prospects and customers over to such time wasters.
We never have and never will give or sell the contact information (email address) of a Bizware prospect, customer, or vendor to anyone outside our company.
We never have and never will send unsollicited email (spam) of our own to a Bizware prospect, customer, or vendor. Anyone can sign up for our Electronic Bulletins, but that is (and always will be) an opt-in list.
You will find Bizware working for stronger laws limiting this constant irritant of the technology that is otherwise so right.
If you suspect this policy has been violated, we encourage you to bring it to our attention. We will act quickly and decisively.


2 George..... fly to Stockholm tomorrow.
4 David is the boss, you need to speak to …..
8 ..... sugar for my coffee!
12 We haven't got ..... mineral water.
13 Mark ..... fly to London tomorrow.
15 We can't get there by 3:00 pm. There is ..... time.


text:
Dan Frommer
Founder and Editor in Chief
The New Consumer
Dan Frommer is the founder and editor in chief of The New Consumer (newconsumer.com), a publication about how and why people spend their time and money.
Launched in 2019, The New Consumer focuses on the most interesting and innovative companies, people, products, and trends, highlighting what's working (and what isn't!), why things are changing, and where things are going next.
He also publishes Points Party (pointsparty.com), a free newsletter about travel points, credit card rewards, and loyalty programs.
Frommer has spent the past 15 years as a journalist covering technology and its effects on business and society. He was most recently the editor in chief of Recode, the technology publication from Vox Media. Previously, he was the technology editor at Quartz. In 2007, he helped start Silicon Alley Insider, the publication that became Business Insider.
Originally from Chicago, and now based in Los Angeles, Frommer graduated from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism. Follow him on Twitter and Instagram at @fromedome and @newconsumer.


1in. 2-Way Ball Valves 5000PSI. High quality Stainless ball and durable hard steel plated handle.
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1in. 3-Way Ball Valves 5000PSI. High quality Stainless ball and durable hard steel plated handle.
¾in. 3-Way Ball Valves 5000PSI. High quality Stainless ball and durable hard steel plated handle.


text:
Western Bulldogs defeated by West Coast
Round 2, Marvel Stadium, Attendance: 22868
Sunday, 1st April 2018, 3:20 PM AEST
Western Bulldogs Betting Odds: Win 1.70, Line -7.5 @ 1.92
Brownlow Votes: 3: S Hurn, 2: J Darling, 1: J Macrae
Western Bulldogs 3.3 3.6 5.13 9.16 70
West Coast 3.5 9.9 12.10 18.13 121
Western Bulldogs Player Stats | West Coast Player Stats | Match Head to Head Stats | Scoring Breakdown | Highlights
Western Bulldogs Match Statistics (Sorted by Handballs) Coach: Luke Beveridge
Toby McLean 15 16 31 3 0 1 5 0 1 3 4 0 3 3 0 110 125
Jackson Macrae 19 12 31 6 3 0 4 0 1 6 6 1 1 1 0 134 142
Marcus Bontempelli 11 12 23 2 1 0 3 0 0 6 4 4 0 1 3 73 102
Jason Johannisen 15 8 23 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 2 5 2 0 73 110
Jackson Trengove 6 7 13 5 0 1 1 4 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 53 57
Lachlan Hunter 19 7 26 9 2 0 2 0 1 7 3 2 3 4 1 119 114
Bailey Dale 6 7 13 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 39 46
Matthew Suckling 13 6 19 6 0 1 1 0 1 5 0 2 1 1 0 75 73
Mitch Honeychurch 13 6 19 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 1 67 67
Ed Richards 5 6 11 6 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 46 49
Zaine Cordy 13 5 18 9 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 4 4 0 1 77 76
Lukas Webb 5 5 10 2 0 0 4 0 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 45 53
Easton Wood 8 4 12 9 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 59 66
Lin Jong 5 4 9 3 0 1 4 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 49 34
Caleb Daniel 9 4 13 7 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 4 3 0 1 57 37
Josh Dunkley 9 4 13 7 2 2 3 0 0 2 0 3 0 1 2 77 67
Aaron Naughton 8 4 12 7 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 61 48
Timothy English 4 3 7 2 0 1 2 6 0 1 2 3 0 2 2 35 33
Billy Gowers 11 2 13 8 1 3 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 70 57
Bailey Williams 15 2 17 8 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 2 5 1 0 83 81
Jordan Roughead 4 1 5 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 22 31
West Coast Match Statistics (Sorted by Handballs) Coach: Jaymie Graham
Andrew Gaff 16 11 27 5 1 0 1 0 1 4 5 2 3 0 1 92 103
Chris Masten 11 9 20 4 0 0 1 0 2 4 0 0 1 0 0 67 75
Jack Redden 8 9 17 5 0 0 4 0 0 1 3 4 2 0 2 67 39
Jamie Cripps 10 6 16 6 1 0 3 0 3 3 0 1 0 1 0 79 92
Jack Darling 10 6 16 11 4 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 101 112
Mark Lecras 11 5 16 4 2 0 5 0 1 4 0 3 1 2 1 86 87
Bradley Sheppard 10 4 14 6 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 5 1 0 61 76
Elliot Yeo 16 4 20 7 0 0 7 0 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 99 105
Nicholas Naitanui 5 3 8 1 0 0 3 33 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 70 85
Scott Lycett 12 3 15 5 2 1 6 21 0 5 5 5 1 3 2 112 87
Tom Barrass 11 3 14 6 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 3 0 68 112
Liam Duggan 14 3 17 6 0 1 1 0 1 5 1 6 2 0 0 71 43
Daniel Venables 9 3 12 7 3 1 0 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 2 67 59
Willie Rioli 5 3 8 2 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 6 0 1 4 25 31
Liam Ryan 11 3 14 6 3 3 3 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 91 115
Jackson Nelson 10 1 11 7 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 61 49
Western Bulldogs Statistic West Coast
134 Handballs 115
115 Marks 124
9 Goals Kicked 18
8 Goal Assists 14
12 Behinds Kicked 8
Western Bulldogs Attribute West Coast
61.9 Games 100.9
Western Bulldogs Games West Coast
11 Less than 50 7
1 150 or more 8
Western Bulldogs First Quarter West Coast
Lost quarter by 2 Result Won quarter by 2
Western Bulldogs Second Quarter West Coast
0.3 3 Score 6.4 40
3 Scoring Shots 10
0% Conversion 60.0%
Trailing by 39 Halftime Leading by 39
Western Bulldogs Third Quarter West Coast
Draw Result Draw
Trailing by 39 End of Quarter Leading by 39
Western Bulldogs Final Quarter West Coast
Lost game by 51 End of Game Won game by 51
Western Bulldogs First Half West Coast
Lost half by 39 Result Won half by 39
Western Bulldogs Second Half West Coast
6.10 46 Score 9.4 58


In December 1969 Hannah Nydahl and her husband Ole became the first Western students of H.H. the 16th Karmapa. For over 30 years, Hannah has interpreted for the highest Karma Kagyu teachers and translated texts of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy.
After six months of fighting cancer, Hannah passed away on April 1, 2007 in Copenhagen, Denmark at the age of 61.
Diamond Way Buddhist Group Quebec City. Please call, Quebec City, QC.
Phone: (514) 609 7635, email: quebeccity@diamondway.org.


To some folks, a bar is just a bar, a place to meet friends, grab drinks, and escape the day-to-day for a bit. But in South Carolina, some bars have proven that the total experience matters more than just location or drink specials. It takes careful attention to detail to create a bar that not only upholds a unique theme, but also provides an atmosphere that makes people want to visit. These 10 best themed bars in South Carolina have mastered the art of thematic decor and create an experience unlike any other.
Every bartender knows there's a science to mixology, and that's exactly what the "research" team at the Chemist is proving. This clever chemistry theme features a staff of bartenders in white lab coats serving up creative cocktails in beakers and flasks. They're on a mission to find the formula for the perfect cocktail—what will yours be?
Bleu Voodoo brings Cajun and Creole creations straight from Louisiana to the Upstate. Vibrant colors and New Orleans-themed art and decor create a consistent jazzy theme, along with a gulf-inspired menu that offers something for every appetite. Everything from the music to the menu leaves no detail untouched.
If you're longing for simpler days where arcade games were nothing more than a screen and a joystick, or where you could play all afternoon for just a few bucks, Tilt will become your new favorite hangout. Classic video game characters like Mario, Sonic, and Donkey Kong line the walls to satisfy your inner geek. From old-school pinball machines to classic arcade favorites like Street Fighter and Pac Man, you'll find a huge lineup of all your favorites, along with an epic drink menu to fuel your gaming habit.
Reminiscent of the speakeasies of the Roaring Twenties, Prohibition offers a laid-back bar experience not easily duplicated. Vintage furniture and decor, a bourbon barrel ceiling, oak walls, and soothing live music come together to create a heavy dose of historical inspiration. There's no secret password or knock required, which might seem like a break in character but it's also one less step you'll have to take.
Tin Roof has become an icon in the local music scene, offering a loyal audience for local musicians. This low-key music shack bears the semblance of a rustic semi-industrial building with roll-up doors, plenty of windows, and a (you guessed it) tin roof over the bar. Nostalgia lines the walls to add to its downhome theme.
This place carries the tiki bar theme to the extreme. Enter through the totem pole-style door into a world where bamboo and island grass invade every corner, including their all-bamboo and wood bar that lines the majority of the restaurant. Outside patio tables are covered by colorful umbrellas that look almost good enough to adorn your cocktail. From decor to drinkware, every detail has been carefully crafted to create the most authentic tiki experience on the Grand Strand.
With two South Carolina locations, this pub pays homage to the British Open in every regard. Their Titleist bar is framed with photos of past tournaments and stocks a full suite of beer and other libations for every palate. Everywhere you turn you'll see some form of golf memorabilia, giving you a little sports history lesson in every visit.
This isn't your average tiki bar. Inspired by New Orleans nightlife, this place is part tiki bar, part lounge, and 100 percent party. Funky art, fun seating, and colorful everything lends to the experience. Drinks come in island-themed cups and plenty of adornments to make every libation look as great as it tastes.
This Scot-Irish pub stays true to its roots. Rich, dark woods give way to a cozy bar that's packed with some of the finest flavors from across the pond. Fans agree they feel like family here, giving you a place to make new friends every time you visit.
This airplane-themed bar and pizza joint will take your night out to new heights. Every dish bears an aviation-themed name to complement the airplanes hovering just under the ceiling and decor along the walls.


text:
package command

import (
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"time"
)

const (
	Beer         = "\U0001f37a"
	Clock        = "\U000023f0"
	StartingHour = 18
)

var queryRegexp *regexp.Regexp

func init() {
	queryRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)time|long|til|left|remaining|eta`)
}

type BeerOClockCommand struct {
	name    string
	pattern *regexp.Regexp
}

func BeerOClock() BeerOClockCommand {
	return BeerOClockCommand{
		"beer",
		regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)beer\s*(.*)`),
	}
}

func (c BeerOClockCommand) Name() string {
	return c.name
}

func (c BeerOClockCommand) Pattern() *regexp.Regexp {
	return c.pattern
}

func (c BeerOClockCommand) Help() string {
	return c.name + " – is it beer o'clock yet?"
}

func (c BeerOClockCommand) Usage() []string {
	return []string{
		c.name + " – tells if it's beer o'clock",
		c.name + " ETA – tells how long until beer o'clock",
	}
}

func (c BeerOClockCommand) Run(query string) []string {
	now := time.Now()
	hour := now.Hour()
	beerOclock := hour >= StartingHour
	beerOclockEmoji := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", Beer, Clock)

	var result string

	if queryRegexp.MatchString(query) {
		hourDiff := StartingHour - hour - 1
		minuteDiff := 60 - now.Minute()
		secondDiff := 60 - now.Second()

		if beerOclock {
			result = fmt.Sprintf("It's already %s! Enjoy!", beerOclockEmoji)
		} else {
			result = fmt.Sprintf(
				"%s in %d hour(s), %d minute(s) and %d second(s)",
				beerOclockEmoji,
				hourDiff,
				minuteDiff,
				secondDiff)
		}
	} else if beerOclock {
		result = fmt.Sprintf("YES! %s%s%s", Beer, Beer, Beer)
	} else {
		result = "Not yet. :("
	}
	return []string{result}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Houston Texans will face the Indianapolis Colts this week in Indianapolis. The game will be a great test for both teams that are both already assured a spot in the AFC playoff picture. Many will be watching as the teams have had some great divisional battles in recent years. The Colts have been a much better home team as well, and would love to prove that they belong in the playoffs as much as the next team. Both teams have obviously enjoyed much success this season, but have done it in different ways.
The Colts have battled despite news that their coach Chuck Pagano was in a more crucial battle with Leukemia. This week, he comes back to the Colts sidelines at Lucas Oil Stadium, however, and the team would like nothing more then to win it for him. They have won with their offense all year, which has won some tight games and have provided many late winning drives. Rookie quarterback Andrew Luck is certainly the real deal and looks to be a staple in the NFL playoffs for years to come.
Houston has gotten more wins thanks to their string defense that is anchored by Pro-Bowler J.J Watt. Watt is still looking to break an NFL record in this game as he hones in on the Sack record Michael Strahan got years ago. The team certainly still has plenty of big names on offense as well, and will be sending an underrated quarterback Matt Schaub to the Pro Bowl as well. Needless to say, this is a must see potential playoff match-up that will surely have a playoff atmosphere.


OK. So maybe you are thinking of saying something about me or my blog … but you don't want just anybody to see it?
You can contact me at holly@happyhollyproject.com.
If you don't have an email program handy …but there's something that really needs said to me in private?
You can contact me by filling out this handy form here. I'll get it … and nobody else will see it. Honest. Hey, have I lied to you yet?
And to top it all off, I have made a Facebook page … please go out there and "friend" me … or "follow" me here.
It makes me feel wanted … and happy.
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11th July : Becourt Wood. Carrying parties in Contalmaison area.
17th July : Contalmaison area.
18th July : In front line West of Bazentin-le-Petit Wood.
21st July : Contalmaison area.
22nd July : In front line South of Pozieres.
23rd July : Attack on Switch Line.
14th August : Mametz Wood.
18th August : West of High Wood.
20th August : Becourt Wood.
26th August : Mametz Wood.
31st August : High Wood.
7th September : South-East of High Wood.
9th September : Attack of Wood Lane.
10th September : Becourt Wood.
25th September : In front line North-East of Flers.
26th-28th September : Attacks on Flers Line.
Late November : Eaucourt-l'Abbaye sector.


The London Olypmics 2012 are over. Are you suffering from withdrawals, glad it's over or did they pass you by completely?
Any-which-way it's helped us learn a few things, or reinforce some things we already knew.
1. The importance of mental fitness cannot be underestimated.
The Australian team were offered sessions with a clinical psychologist in their recovery centres. They would debrief and relax, working through other stress-management techniques throughout the competition.
2. Resilience is important for everyone and we can learn it.
Kelly Holmes, Olympic Gold medal winer, now mentors young athletes deeming mental strength and focus to be everything as well as working through the tough times.
3. Our ideas of body perfection are quite skewed.
What's perfect? Who says so? Perfect for what? See this collection of photographs of different Olympians showing huge variations in size and shape.
Check-in on your own body image.
4. Breaking things down into familiar chunks helps you achieve your goals.
Learn about setting your own goals.
5 . We all need to acknowledge our achievements and the work that we've done.
6. Positive self-talk is crucial to "go all the way to the very top".
As demonstrated by our very own Katie Taylor and so we blogged about it.
7. Clearly great minds think alike!
Our annual film competition is called "Inspire a generation" just like the London Olympics programme.


Countrywide Industries was established in 1982 by Roy and Rodney Carr to manufacture offset disc ploughs for wheat farmers. The business has since expanded from disc ploughs to include a wide variety of other farm machinery for broadacre and irrigation farmers.
Manufactured in Dubbo, Australia are Tandem disc ploughs (or disc harrows), Offset disc ploughs, Straightline go-devils or triple disc hillers available for rows or beds, cultipackers, rotobucks, rubber and steel rollers, grader sloper blades, bandseeders for sowing pasture, sheep feeders and sheep troughs.
The business also provides general engineering and fabrication.
Countrywide Industries make extensive use of their profile cutting machine and 300 tonne press with a 6 metre long bed in making their machines and general engineering.


text:
Spawar picks SAIC for tech support
By Christopher Dorobek (Moderator)
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
GSA Federal Technology Service's Federal Systems Integration and Management Center
Science Applications International Corp.
"Spawar skips testing"
The Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command has selected Science Applications International Corp. for a $596.6 million task order for technical engineering support. The General Services Administration Federal Technology Service's Federal Systems Integration and Management Center (Fedsim) made the award as part of its Millennia contract.
The one-year award with four one-year options is for technical engineering support to Spawar organizations around the world, both afloat and ashore. Previously, SAIC provided technical engineering support to Spawar through a now-completed task order that Fedsim established and has managed since 1999, GSA and SAIC officials said.
The task order includes services such as systems architecture, systems engineering, system design, configuration control, pre-installation testing, system integration, information security, and engineering support for acquisition of Spawar business.
Christopher J. Dorobek is the co-anchor of Federal News Radio's afternoon drive program, The Daily Debrief with Chris Dorobek and Amy Morris, and the founder, publisher and editor of the DorobekInsider.com, a leading blog for the Federal IT community.
Dorobek joined Federal News Radio in 2008 with 16 years of experience covering government issues with an emphasis on government information technology. Prior to joining Federal News Radio, Dorobek was editor-in-chief of Federal Computer Week, the leading news magazine for government IT decision-makers and the flagship of the 1105 Government Information Group portfolio of publications. As editor-in-chief, Dorobek served as a member of the senior leadership team at 1105 Government Information Group, providing daily editorial direction and management for FCW magazine, FCW.com, Government Health IT and its other editorial products.
Dorobek joined FCW in 2001 as a senior reporter and assumed increasing responsibilities, becoming managing editor and executive editor before being named editor-in-chief in 2006. Prior to joining FCW, Dorobek was a technology reporter at PlanetGov.com, one of the first online community centers for current and former government employees. He also spent five years at Government Computer News, another leading industry publication, covering a variety of federal IT-related issues.
Dorobek is a frequent speaker on issues involving the government IT industry, and has appeared as a frequent contributor to NewsChannel 8's Federal News Today program. He began his career as a reporter at the Foster's Daily Democrat, a daily newspaper in Dover, N.H. He is a graduate of the University of Southern California. He lives in Washington, DC.


when i played it halfway through the show it started to miss sync like a cheap japanese movie.
So i tried using elgato's own software and the movie played great ????
What setting did you use in Popcorn 3 for the export?
Yet another question. Is the content within the VIDEO_TS folder transferred from film or is it from something that was originally on video such as a TV show, home movie or EyeTV recording? I haven't had any audio sync problems with the latter but haven't yet used the former. I use the AppleTV Automatic setting but it shows the same output settings as does the High setting for the videos I've exported.
It's from a ripped tv show dvd I used mac the ripper to rip.
Under the Popcorn 3 Help menu is an item called Provide Feedback. I agree it would be nice to use custom settings with the Turbo, especially since ElGato's software allows custom settings.
You say the audio went out of sync about halfway through. Was it gradually going out of sync from the start or did this happen in a short span and then stay about the same afterward? If it is the latter then I'd say it was a fluke or a problem Popcorn 3 had with that VIDEO_TS folder which ElGato's software handled okay.
If the audio continuously moved farther out of sync from the start then that likely relates to Popcorn misinterpreting the source video's frame rate.
Same here. It happens in some DVDs and not others. I am using a turbo.264.
I'm experiencing the same problem. Audio is out of sync until the very end of the video. I'm exporting High Quality for iPod, not Apple TV.
Every audio track is off.
I have this issue with Toast as well - it is so annoying I have had to abandon Toast and buy MovieGate - I now get perfectly synced DVDs from my EyeTV source. Why Roxio still can't get it right over three major versions of Toast is beyond me.
I am authoring in PAL, using EyeTV recordings (MPEG 2) as my source.
I'm having the same problem. I have a new iMac, and am trying to export Tivo shows to play on my ipod. Every time I convert any Tivo show to ipod format, it results in an incredibly annoying audio delay. Any suggestions? Is there anything I can change on the custom menu maybe?
I've just upgraded to Popcorn 3 and this audio this is driving me crazy. The first two minutes seem to be OK but from them on it's downhill all the way. It doesn't matter what type of file. I've downloaded files from the apple site and saved them for my iPod on TV quality, iPhone, P2P files, all with the same result.
What's taking Roxio so long to address this issue?
I've just gone back to using Popcorn 2, which is a pity because I really liked the new additions in 3.
Have you tried the beta that was released?
Just downloaded it and tried to export a Tivo video using the standard Video iPod setting. Unfortunately, with the same result - audio out of sync. Has anyone else tried it with better results?
I've been trying to convert .TiVo files to different formats and even to DVD. No matter what the format is, I end up with audio out of sync with the video. I have noticed that my files or DVD's start out of sync and the closer the program gets to the end, the closer the audio and video get in sync. The longer the program, the more out of sync it starts. Looks like I'm one of those individuals to which PatatRox is referring to in the 3.0.2 update post.
If I can provide any more info, let me know.
You are not alone with the audio sync problem. There's an ongoing thread over in the TivoToGo for Mac forum (http://forums.support.roxio.com/index.php?showtopic=28792) where users of Toast and Popcorn in connection with Tivo are encountering the same problem. We were all forced to upgrade to the latest versions of Toast and Popcorn to resolve a recent problem with a Tivo software update, but many of us are now finding the "fix" to be almost as problematic as the bug it was meant to address.
I don't have any suggestions at this time, just wanted to let you know that you might watch that conversation too in case something helpful comes up.
Is anything being done to address this? I had given up on Popcorn for some time now, but am again trying to make use of it. Seems the issue is still there. It is extremely frustrating. Is anyone using Popcorn3.0.2 and NOT having audio sync problems?
I'm running Popcorn 3.0.2 and Leopard 10.5.1 on an Intel Mac Mini.
Edit: This evening I decided transcode a movie that was problematic in Popcorn using Tivo Decode Manager. It worked flawlessly. Even automatically added the file to iTunes with description data and to the movie section no less.
I wish I had bought Popcorn in a box now and not as a digital download. It would be going back.
I think I'll stick to Tivo Decode Manager for now until I see Roxio doing something about all the Problems with Popcorn.
As I have said before. I will never recommend another Roxio product.
I understand your frustration. I now use Popcorn's TivoToGo to transfer my shows from the TiVo to my Mac and then use TiVo Decode Manager on it. From there I use VisualHub to convert it to whatever format I need without any audio/video sync issues. Currently I cannot produce any output from Popcorn, using a TiVo file as it's source, that doesn't render a file that has audio/video sync issue. This is unfortunate as I purchased Popcorn specifically for it's ability to handle TiVo files and convert them to different formats. I was even tossing around the idea of upgrading to Toast 8 for a complete CD/DVD and Tivo handling package, but at this point, I think I'll wait.
I understand your frustration. I now use Popcorn's TivoToGo to transfer my shows from the TiVo to my Mac and then use TiVo Decode Manager on it. From there I use VisualHub to convert it to whatever format I need without any audio/video sync issues.
I didn't realize you can use Tivo Decode Manager on existing Tivo Files. How exactly do you do that?
Is Visual Hub worth getting? Isn't this a pay for product as well? Popcorn has the potential to be an all in one Tivo to iTunes to AppleTV solution which is what I want it for. However, the workflow is poor and broken at this point. It really baffles me that a company can sell a product and have it be this bad at what it purports to do.
Visual Hub is quite inexpensive and in my opinion, very much worth getting. I also picked up a script called TiVo Decoder that utilizes the TiVoDecode program for conversion. You just drop your TiVo files on the script to convert them to mpg. Then I use Visual Hub to convert to any other format I may need. The TiVo Decoder might be all you need until Popcorn can encode to other formats without the sync issue. However, even after using TiVo Decoder to convert to mpg I still get audio sync issues with Popcorn 3, hence my use of Visual Hub. I really do like Popcorn. It just isn't doing its job yet, but I'm still looking forward to the day I can use it!
If the audio gets more out of sync over time then maybe a possible workaround is the same as I found for DivX exports awhile back. In the custom setting change the frame rate from 30 (or 29.97 fps) to 25 fps. This could be a worthless suggestion so let me know if it made any difference.
Perhaps I'll try that route. I have been using Tivo Decode Manager lately to download and convert directly to MP4. It also adds to iTunes automatically. The part that I like about Popcorn is the automatic tivo transfer. I was hoping for the Holy Grail of workflows which is that Popcorn automatically pulls the show down, converts it and adds it to iTunes. I then have my Tivo set to delete shows after 3 days. The AppleTV becomes my interface to all my TV shows, music and Movies.
So do we just have to wait until Roxio fixes this issue at some indefinite point in the future? Is there any way to let them know directly other than through this message board?
There's a Provide Feedback link under the Help menu in Popcorn 3.
Change your frame rate to 24fps rather than letting Popcorns set it at the 29 and change. It seems that the video is encoded faster than the audio. Changing it to the std. 24fps corrects it, and the video is now in sync. Make sure you aren't letting the program set the rate.
On my part, and a solution I am looking for, is a simple matter of how to save this "Custom" setting, and make it the default. It reverts every time, and I have to manually set it. Now, I'm looking for an automatic workflow to get things from my TiVo to the Movies folder, where FrontRow can access it.
Which, of course, brings up: Why does the Toast Video Player... based on the EyeTV player for cripes' sake, NOT recognize the Apple Remote? This is actually the only reason I even care about auto-conversion -- to use Front Row because of this deficiency. I'm not much of an archiver of tv shows. And I want it painless.
I have tried the above many different ways and it does not work for me. I bought Popcorn as a digital download and have requested a refund which is suppose to be on the way. In case others are interested I'll post when my refund shows up.
Edit: MY refund came through ... if your having audio problems I suggest returning it and waiting until it is fixed.


The Tray size is easily adjusted by moving the partition to the needed size.
Tool holder for the work sites where paper holder cannot be used.
It's made by Thomson punching processing.
Orders for ball shaped molded articles are also acceptable.
The heart-shaped mark on the photo is not a paint/print mark so there are no worries it might be peeled off.
Feel free to contact us for advice on material, size or design.
PHENOL RESIN 55mm(photo),acryl ,nylon ...etc.
We accept orders with sphere diameter 55mm (as in thehoto), or other diameters.
Products to be molded using the clients metal molding patterns.
The Air-Lock Medicines Storage Box uses an air cylinder-drive locking mechanism, which helps to reduce various troubles.
This mechanism lets monitor <Who>and <When>took <What> drug by taking records every time the doors have been opened.
Available for 1 liter, 500 ml reagent bottle storage.
Available for storage of 1 gallon bottle.
Doors with shelf board let keep different type medicine bottles.
Combines light-weight with high durability properties.
Due to its light weight compared with the steel-made ones, it makes working process more efficient.
* Please note however, that there might be cases when size adjustment cannot be applied.


text:
Earls Joins Cougars as New Volleyball Coach
Jake Braun, Writer
This year Averett University has added a new volleyball head coach, Olivia Earls.
Earls graduated from Northside High School in 2014. She continued her volleyball and academic career at Roanoke College where she earned her Bachelor's of Science in Health and Physical Education in the Fall of 2017. After she pursued a Master of Science in Strategic Leadership at the University of Charleston where she was a graduate assistant coach for their Division II program until she graduated in 2019.
"I am most excited to watch the girls flourish in a tougher conference and to watch their confidence grow with each match," Coach Earls said. "This team is special. Their competitive nature, their support for one another, and the culture we have created together makes me very excited for the season ahead."
With Coach Earls having six years of experience in the ODAC, the Cougars have prepared for this coming season strategizing on offense and defense. Earls has seen and been in the competition ahead making it easier for the players to grow confidence on the court.
"The mindset of having something to prove as we transition into the ODAC is a huge motivator for this group, and I see it daily during practice and even during our opening weekend against non-ODAC opponents," Coach Earls said. "The girls are working harder every day in order to prepare for the ODAC level competition on a consistent basis."
The students are excited to have someone with Earls' ODAC experience leading the team.
"Having Coach Earl's experience in the ODAC has definitely helped our team with confidence and the way we play," Kayleigh Gentry, a sophomore defensive specialist, said. "This year I'm most excited about the new competition in the ODAC, having Olivia as our new coach, and the freshman class."
Earls is looking forward to competing as a coach in her former conference.
"Moving into the ODAC is a huge opportunity for Averett Athletics, especially for Averett volleyball. I am excited to work with this group of talented young women and an exceptional athletic department to show everyone we belong here, we will compete and we will find success."
The Cougar's first conference game will be at Hollins University on September 5th at 7pm.
Jake Braun
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Murder on the B46: Three Years Gone
Home Brooklyn Life Murder on the B46: Three Years Gone
Brooklyn Life, Crime
December 20, 2011September 30, 2019By Anna Hiatt
Three years after Edwin Thomas was murdered on the B46 in broad daylight, his family mourns his death. (Photos: Anna Hiatt/The Brooklyn Ink)
The service begins at 4:30 p.m. as the December sun creeps lower in the sky. Bus drivers and passersby are bundled in jackets, scarves and hats, and they gather in a tight crowd around the four members of the Thomas family at the B46 bus stop on Malcolm X Boulevard and Gates Avenue in Flatbush. Someone passes out white vigil candles, and the bitter wind makes them hard to light.
Wallace Thomas stands in front of a flower arrangement made of white tiger lilies and white roses and tied with a white sash. His long graying dreadlocks fall around his shoulders. Next to him is Frantz Thomas, his brother, whose Yankee cap is pulled low. Frantz rests his hands on his mother, Marie Josette Nerette's, shoulders. Edley Thomas, their niece and granddaughter, stands to the side, quietly leaning against the wall, vigil candle in hand. Wallace begins to talk about his brother, his voice cracks and tears run down his face. People in the crowd call out, "We're all with you, brother." Wallace steps back, unable to finish his sentence.
When Frantz moves in front of the NY1 television cameras, he pulls a bandanna over his face, holds a vigil candle in one hand and clutches under his arm the Bible that Transport Workers Union Local 100 gave his mother in memory of her slain son. Frantz says he still dreams of him. "Things haven't been the same since my brother died."
While her uncles and grandmother speak, Edley gazes at the flame.
The back doors of the B46 bus open just before noon at the stop on Utica Avenue between Saint John's Place and Sterling Place, and Horace Moore boards. It is Dec. 1, 2008. Moore swipes an invalid MetroCard and, though he doesn't pay the fare, the bus driver doesn't hassle him.
At his stop on Malcolm X Boulevard and Gates Avenue, Moore demands a two-dollar bus transfer. When the driver refuses, citing the unpaid fare, it begins. Moore flies into an inexplicable rage, punching the driver's head, grabbing a transfer and turning to flee the bus.
The driver stands to follow the delinquent passenger while more than a dozen other riders watch from their seats. He moves to the steps of his bus, making as if he'll follow, but quickly returns to his seat behind the steering wheel. For a moment, it seems the incident is over. But Moore returns, rushing back onto the bus and toward the driver.
Horace Moore (Source: Brooklyn Supreme Court)
Horace Moore is no stranger to the criminal justice system. In December 2002, when he was just 14 years old, Moore was accused of robbery. The court withdrew the case and sealed the record; the charge isn't on his rap sheet. His criminal record begins in February 2003 when he was convicted and put on 18 months probation for armed robbery. He violated that probation in July and was sent to juvenile detention after police caught him carrying a loaded revolver.
Moore was arrested again in 2005 and charged with sexual misconduct and failure to exercise control of a minor after he was found to have been sexually involved with a 13-year-old. Moore was 17 when he pled guilty to one count of endangering the welfare of a child, but he spent no time in detention. The court proceedings for that charge were still in progress in April 2006 when Moore was arrested after he stabbed and nearly killed a teenage boy. Moore was convicted of attempted murder in the second degree, sentenced to one to three years in lockup and sent to juvenile detention.
That year Imani, his daughter, was born.
In a letter to the court dated October 2010, Anne Marie Campbell, Moore's mother, wrote that her son hadn't always been a troublemaker. The streets had turned her "quiet, soft spoken and respectful" son into an "angry, impatient person." But Moore was humbled by his daughter's birth, Campbell wrote, and after he was released on parole Feb. 26, 2008, he got a job. He attended anger management classes, and from what she could tell, her son was headed in a new direction. But starting in April, he was once again unemployed.
That July, according to court records, Moore violated parole when he was caught carrying a knife longer than four inches. The justice ordered his release and promised to drop the charge within six months if he stayed out of trouble.
Five months later, on the morning of Dec. 1, Moore boarded the B46 bus and didn't pay the fare.
Edwin Thomas (Source: Edley Thomas)
Edwin Thomas had been a bus driver in New York City for seven years. Thomas, who was born in Haiti Sept. 12, 1962, had four siblings: three brothers, Wallace, Frantz and Didelot, and a sister, Sylvie. The family moved to Brooklyn in 1981. In 1990, Edwin had a son, Jeffrey, with his then-wife, Suze Jupiter.
They divorced, and soon after Edwin got together with Esther Derose, his best friend growing up in Haiti. In 1992, the couple had a daughter, Edley. She and Jeffrey, her half-brother, looked so similar—so like their father—that they were often mistaken for full siblings. Jeffrey would spend summers with Edley, their father and her mother, but the kids didn't know each other well growing up. Edley's parents separated in 2001 when she was 11 and shortly after her father married a woman named Maggy.
In the mid 1990s Edwin took a job at the post office. But in 2001 when traces of white powder, confirmed to be anthrax, began appearing in envelopes in and around the Washington, D.C. area, Thomas quit. The job wasn't worth risking his life, he decided. That October he started training with the Metropolitan Transit Authority.
All his life, Edwin had loved driving. He collected toy cars and took his BMW to work at the Flatbush bus depot. And nearly every job he had, Edwin got to be behind the wheel. Before he drove a bus, Edwin drove a cab. He moved on to working as an MTA coin collector and security guard back when buses and subways used tokens.
As a bus driver, Edwin worked as many hours as he could, always putting in overtime. He drove out of the Flatbush bus depot, where the routes are particularly notorious for fare dodgers and antagonistic riders, Flatbush bus drivers said at the memorial. Edwin's regular route was the B46 which begins at Marine Park and runs along Malcolm X Boulevard, Utica Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, up to Broadway, traveling through neighborhoods with high crime rates including Flatlands, East Flatbush, Bedford-Stuyvesant and Bushwick. The bus route ends at Washington-Williamsburg Bridge Plaza. Like all MTA drivers, Thomas was trained to remind a passenger only once to pay the fare. But if a passenger refuses, drivers are supposed to avoid confrontation and let him ride for free. In the days after Thomas' death, articles in The New York Times reported that along dangerous routes, like the B46, some bus drivers go a step further and hand out transfers to fare dodgers to protect themselves from assault. Maybe things would have been different had Thomas given Moore a transfer.
In a flash Moore races back onto the bus and plunges the knife into Thomas. He stabs him three times aiming for the bus driver's stomach and heart. When the knife finds flesh, Moore twists.
And then Moore turns and flees.
In Memory of Edwin Thomas (Photo: Anna Hiatt/The Brooklyn Ink; Source: Edley Thomas)
Reggie Green was doing errands on Malcolm X Boulevard when he saw a woman running out of the B46 bus and screaming for somebody to call 911. He looked in and saw Thomas slumped down in the driver's seat. He wasn't moving.
EMTs arrived on the scene and took Thomas out of the bus. He was lying on a gurney parked on the sidewalk when Dalila Benkerroum, who had moved into an apartment just above the B46 stop that summer, came outside to see what had happened. While EMTs were on the bus she walked over to Thomas, looked into his eyes; he looked back. She saw his chest moving up and down. There was an oxygen mask covering his mouth so he couldn't speak, but his uniform shirt was open and she could see his stab wound—a few inches long, a few inches deep. He was still alive when the ambulance drove away.
Thomas was transported to Woodhull Hospital where he was pronounced dead at 1:11 p.m. of cardiac arrest brought on by the stab wounds. He was 46.
Someone tipped off the police later that day about what Moore had done and where to find him. Just before midnight on Dec. 1, police showed up at Moore's house at 1327 Park Place in Brooklyn and took him into custody.
In his first statement to police, Moore, who was still on parole for his attempted murder conviction, denied being on the bus. He claimed to have been at a friend's house smoking marijuana all day, until the police came to arrest him. Around noon Dec. 2, three witnesses to the murder came to the precinct to identify Moore. Two picked him out of a lineup. The third did not.
After the lineups, Moore gave a second statement and admitted to riding the bus. But he said a friend from the street, whose name he didn't know, had stabbed the driver. Just after 4 p.m., in a third statement, Moore changed his story again and this time he admitted to killing Thomas.
"I thought I only stabbed him one time," Moore said in the statement to police. "I don't have no intention. It just went bad."
It was the first time in more than 27 years that a New York City bus driver had been killed. On Oct. 10, 1981 Harvey Shild, 28, was shot while driving the B44 in Brooklyn for refusing to give a passenger a transfer. Considering how unprotected bus drivers are, murder is relatively rare.
Abuse, however, is not. Bus drivers regularly withstand verbal or physical abuse, from spit to beatings. In the years since Thomas' death the MTA has begun retrofitting buses with protective barricades. Over the summer a female bus driver in the Bronx was severely beaten by a passenger with a dog whom she wouldn't let on the bus.
Nearly two years after Thomas' death, on Sept. 27, 2010, the trial began. The district attorney needed to prove only intent; two video surveillance tapes—one from Saint John's Place and Utica Avenue, the other from Sterling Place and Utica Avenue—showed Moore boarding Thomas' B46 bus, according to court files. Two witnesses identified him in the lineup. And Moore, who had waived his right to a jury trial, had confessed in a written statement to police.
James Koenig, Moore's attorney, reasoned that anger management problems caused Moore to lose control. Julie Rendelman, an assistant district attorney, argued that Moore's criminal history proved his time in the penal system had not rehabilitated him and that he would continue to be a violent threat.
But it was Moore himself who provided the prosecution with the evidence of intent needed for a murder conviction. In May 2009, incarcerated while awaiting trial on Rikers Island, Moore was recorded talking on the phone with a group of friends about the day Thomas died. During the call, Moore recalled getting a ride home from two brothers and confiding to them, and only them, what he had done. "I never told nobody 'bout nothing except dumb niggas in the car," Moore said. One of the brothers had to have told police where to find him, he said. No one else, apart from his girlfriend, whom he called "that bitch," knew where he lived. When the callers suggested his girlfriend could have told police, Moore replied she didn't know anything until police picked him up that night.
He angrily called the brothers "fucking snitches" and said, his voice rising, that they were the only people who knew where he was and what he had done. "If I ever come out you remember that," Moore said. "You know me, B." The caller insisted, almost pleaded, that he didn't know who talked with police. "It wasn't me that gave you up," the caller said. But Moore's words came out fast and furious as laid out his verdict: Whoever snitched would pay.
"It's not enough if you beat them up," Moore said. "I don't want that nigger around."
Edley and her father (Source: Edley Thomas)
On Oct. 19, Justice Gustin Reichbach delivered his verdict: Moore was guilty of murder in the second degree.
In the days before sentencing, Rendelman wrote a letter to the justice petitioning that Moore's extensive criminal history and escalating violent behavior warranted the harshest prison sentence: a minimum of 25 years. Moore's mother also wrote to the justice and apologized for what her son had done and said that the "unfortunate incident" could have been avoided, although she didn't say how. Campbell closed her letter asking the justice to consider Moore's children.
On the day he was sentenced Moore wore black-rimmed glasses and an olive-colored button-up shirt to court. He sat low in his seat at the defendant's table, covered his face occasionally and apologized to the Thomas family for what he had done. Edley sat on the other side of the courtroom at the plaintiff's table. "You took his life cold-blooded," she said to Moore in court on the day he was sentenced. She mourned that her father would not get to see her graduate from high school. "December 1st of 2008 was the worst day of my life." Later she recalled thinking about how short Moore was compared to her father, who was well above six feet and sturdily built.
In the courtroom sat bus drivers, reporters and Thomas' family. "This was a dastardly act of unprovoked violence," Justice Reichbach read aloud. "But it is also clear that this was not a premeditated act, Horace Moore didn't wake up that fateful morning bent on homicide."
He continued, "Who the defendant is today does not necessarily dictate who he will be when he is in his fifties." He sentenced Moore to 20 years to life—instead of 25—with the possibility of parole.
The bus drivers held up two-dollar transfers as Moore was led from the courtroom.
"Justice did not prevail for us as bus drivers," one told a reporter outside the courtroom. "They are wrong. They ripped us off."
But after her father's convicted killer had been led away, Edley struck a different tone. The anger she had felt toward Moore, she told reporters outside the courtroom, had turned into pity. She said she'd forgiven Moore because nothing would bring her father back. But her brother Jeffrey, who hadn't been able to muster the strength to speak in court, said Moore had deserved the electric chair.
Now, two years later, Moore is in Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, NY. He will not be eligible for parole until he is 40 in 2028. By his first parole hearing, he will have spent more of his life behind bars than he has on the outside. But for the family of Edwin Thomas, the pain endures.
Edley said her last goodbye to her father at a traffic light on the B46 route the day he died. She and her mother, who died August 2011, were headed to a doctor's appointment before school when her father's bus drove by. Thomas honked the bus horn to say "hi," as he always did.
Edley went to school that day and then to cheerleading practice that afternoon. She looked at her phone after practice and saw that she had missed a flurry of calls from unfamiliar numbers. She finally picked up a call from her cousin. She said only "Your dad got stabbed," and then hung up. Edley panicked. She tried calling around, but now no one would pick up. The only thing she could think, she said, was "I need to find my father."
As she and Jessica, her best friend since sixth grade, rode the B69 bus home together, Jessica tried to tell Edley her father would be okay. But Edley feared the worst. She shook her head and said, "There's nothing in me that's telling me my dad's okay. He's gone." Edley met her mother at the McDonald's near their old home on Eastern Parkway after 6 p.m. that evening. When Edley saw her mother drop to her knees sobbing in front of the McDonald's, she knew her father had died. "I thought nothing would ever happen to my mother and father," she says.
Memorial Flowers (Photo: Anna Hiatt/The Brooklyn Ink; Source: Edley Thomas)
The memorial floral arrangement has been moved fifty feet or so to the bus stop on Malcolm X Boulevard where the map of the B46 route that Edwin drove is posted. The little white vigil candles have burned down to stumps. Edley stands next to the flowers and in front of a crowd of well-wishers. She focuses on her hands and cleans off the dried candle wax that has dripped on her skin. Her eyes well up with tears when people speak of her father. Her uncle Wallace wraps his arm around her shoulder and pulls her in close. As though in tribute, B46 buses begin backing up; in both directions five sit bumper-to-bumper, at the now-memorialized bus stop. Passengers sit on board and peer curiously out at the gathering of mourners.
When the memorial ends, the Edwin Thomas' survivors mingle and accept good wishes from his co-workers, who mourn Edwin's death three years later as though it happened yesterday; from neighbors who saw the police tape the day Edwin was killed; and from members of the T.W.U., who called the Flatbush bus drivers "warriors." Wallace hugs everyone he talks with, but Frantz is reserved and stays off to the side. A number of Edwin's family members haven't come, Wallace says. His brother's death divided the family in a dispute over money, but Wallace does not elaborate. He shakes his head in disgust. Frantz is still holding his candle, now melted down to a stump, and clutches his brother's Bible under his arm. He points to the relatives he still calls family: his mother, Wallace and Edley. That's all, he says, then turns away.
Where she once had a heart, Edley says she now has a hole. Part of her heart died the day her father was murdered and the rest was killed when her mother died of a stroke just a few months ago in August. After Thomas' murder, Edley says she withdrew from her friends. "A lot of people don't hear from me anymore. Not the way they used to."
She and her mother didn't accept help from friends and neighbors. No one made them food or helped with chores. Her mother thought it best that way. "Nobody understands," Edley says. "People think they understand, but they don't."
She will turn 20 in January. When her mother died, friends and relatives advised her to delay starting college. But her father had wanted her to get an education, so this fall she started her freshman year at Hofstra University in the Village of Hempstead in Long Island, where she's studying criminal justice. Edley had turned down living in the dorms to stay at home with her mother, but when Esther died, Edley moved in with her great aunt in Flatbush.
Three years have passed, but Edley thinks about her father's death every day. "I'll never stop grieving," she says. She doesn't dream about him, nor does she hear his voice. But she does remember the way he loved her. Edley stands quietly in the room she shares with her cousins, at the foot of a queen-sized bed, and pulls out a treasure box where she stores letters and keepsakes and photographs. Quietly she places baby pictures with her parents on the rose pink comforter. Images from her communion when she was 11 and pictures with her father when she was just a baby lay scattered around her cat Lola, who sleeps at the foot of the bed.
Evidence presented during the trial has imprinted in her mind scenes of the violence of her father's death. She can recount details of what she never saw. His head, she says, was shaved bald the day Moore punched him. She reasons that if he'd let his hair grow longer, maybe he wouldn't have been so stunned by the blow. She knows how many steps her father walked down the aisle to follow Moore after he left the driver's seat: two. She believes that when Moore plunged his knife into her father's chest and abdomen, he was aiming to kill. Had her father survived, Edley heard the medical examiner say, the injuries he sustained would have paralyzed him.
But she has another memory of her father, one less gruesome and one wholly her own. Her father always carried cologne with him. He stored it under the driver's seat of his BMW and of his bus. As she remembers his smell, her lips turn upwards in a smile and her voice slows down and goes quiet. She will never meet a man who smells as sweet as her father did.
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I felt as though I was there that day…on the bus…as a passenger, as the driver, as the perp with the knife. The day and it's aftermath is a movie. How the action of one man affected so many lives adversely …Like a gritty black and white movie of New York. A modern day version of the mid 60's movie "The Pawnbroker" in feel…in despair
What fine working, first finding the people, then getting them to open up…and finally incorporating it all into a "can't stop reading" narrative
December 21, 2011	Michael Zagaris
Wow THANK YOU!!!! I'm his coworker who knew him & shared many laughs & stories with him. It still hurts to know how he was killed……
December 21, 2011	Jose Lugo
Hi Jose, You and I met at the memorial on Dec. 8. Thank you for reading! All my best, Anna
December 22, 2011	Anna Hiatt


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