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Why Americans sing about food
Elvis helped cement a lyrical tradition where food stands in for everything from sex to rural nostalgia
By Felisa Rogers
January 8, 2012 7:00PM (UTC)
Elvis Presley once said, "Ambition is a dream with a V-8 engine." At once a gentleman and a rebel, a down-home boy and a global conquistador, the King, who would have celebrated his 77th birthday on Sunday, was a powerful amalgamation of American obsessions. The King loved fast cars. The King loved rock 'n' roll. The King loved fried food. And the King knew how to interpret America. Take food, for instance. Elvis was notoriously obsessed with food, and he sang quite a few songs about this favorite topic. But "Crawfish" and "Milk Cow Blues Boogie" say more about our culture than they say about the icon himself. After all, Elvis wasn't a songwriter: He was drawing from a deep well. American music sizzles with barbecue grease and bubbles like red-eye gravy. Food is a metaphor for all things, from your baby's biscuits to the King's caviar.
What does our music say about us? When it comes to food, it says we have dirty minds. For example, Elvis cut "Milk Cow Blues Boogie" in 1955. It was his third record. Several country artists had already recorded the song, which is credited to a bootlegger and bluesman named Kokomo Arnold. "Milk Cow Blues" works perfectly as a blues, country and rock number, which illustrates how much the three types of music have in common when it comes to sentiment:
If you see my milk cow, lord, lord, send her home ...
Since my milk cow left me I've been treated wrong ...
I ain't had no milk and butter since my cow's been gone ...
The portrayal of women as livestock and sex as butter is pretty typical of the blues tradition, so perhaps it's not surprising that the lyrics reverberated up through American music over the course of the 20th century: The song has been recorded by everyone from Bob Dylan and the Kinks to Aerosmith, George Strait and Dead Moon.
Elvis funneled the longing, pain, hokey sentimentality and raunchiness of American roots music into the blender of rock 'n' roll. He was always frank about his influences; in a 1970 interview, he describes his sound: "It's a combination of country music and gospel and rhythm and blues all combined. That's really what it was. As a child I was influenced by all of that."
Although gospel music soars above the earthly pleasures, food has long been the go-to topic for country and blues lyricists who wanted to spice up their tunes. Bluesmen have a particularly bizarre talent for turning legitimate and seemingly innocent cooking references into raunchy odes to doin' the nasty. In contrast to later pop songs in which candy, sugar and fruit are the primary metaphors for sex, these old blues tunes are rich in culinary detail, which leads to some incongruous imagery. In "Fried Pie Blues," Curley Weaver sings: "My baby baked my first biscuits, she baked them nice and brown. Well, it pleased me so well … she bake 'em with the damper down." The song encompasses what sounds like a real longing for an actual fried pie, old school cooking strategies that double as sexual metaphors, and steamier sentiments: "My baby she got a mojo; tryin' to keep it in ..."
Over the past hundred years, blues and jazz singers have appropriated every cut of meat for their bawdy purposes. Fats Waller gets frisky with "The Rump Steak Serenade": "Big, juicy, nice and tender … the rump steak serenade!" Josh White takes it to the next level with "Pigmeat and Whisky Blues": "I used to like her love, oh that hard pigmeat can't be beat." Not to be outdone, Memphis Minnie addresses her butcher:
I'm going to tell everybody I've got the best butcher man in town
He can slice your ham, he can cut it from the fat on down
He slice my porkchops and he grinds my sausage too …
A verse later she saucily demands: "I've got enough butcherin' for you to do if you promise me you just only hush your mouth." As Savannah Churchill sang with panache, "If you're a hep cat, you like your meat fat."
But while food in country music sometimes doubles for sex, it more often represents another American fixation: a longing for lost places. From the first days of the recording industry, record executives and promoters capitalized on town dwellers' nostalgia for lost rustic roots. Most early country musicians were from the rural South, but it was industry professionals who convinced them to play up their "authenticity" by switching from their Sunday best to hokey down-home outfits: overalls and straw hats for men, gingham dresses for women.
Rootsy names were encouraged, bringing us the Fruit Jar Drinkers, the Possum Hunters and the Skillet Lickers. Naturally, down-home cooking worked its way into the recordings: The Possum Hunters stomped their way through "Ham Beats all Meat," the Coon Creek Girls wanted to know how many biscuits you could eat, and Uncle Dave Macon growled about keeping his skillet good and greasy. If you can think of a fried food, there's probably a country song about it.
In old country, blues and jazz tunes, down-home food also evokes hard times. Kokomo Arnold's "Red Beans and Rice" is about being broke in Chicago and wanting to return to Georgia, a place with an abundance of red beans and rice and mercifully few "mean Chicago women." These songs have a certain defiance: The lyrics imply that the hard life may be hard, but there's a badass glory to it. If you want to summarize the rock 'n' roll attitude, look no further than Bessie Smith belting Coot Grant's "Gimme a Pigfoot and a Bottle of Beer":
I wanna pigfoot and a bottle of beer
Send me 'cause I don't care
Slay me 'cause I don't care
Gimme a reefer and a gang o' gin
Slay me, 'cause I'm in my sin
Slay me 'cause I'm full of gin
Elvis himself was no stranger to hard times. He grew up wearing flour sack shirts, and the family often stretched a pot of beans and corn pone for nights on end. "Poke Salad Annie," a staple of Elvis's '70s shows, describes a family reduced to eating pokeweed:
Some of you all never been down South too much ...
I'm gonna tell you a little story, so you'll understand where I'm talking about
Down there we have a plant that grows out in the woods and the fields,
and it looks something like a turnip green.
Everybody calls it Polk salad. Now that's Polk salad.
Used to know a girl that lived down there and
she'd go out in the evenings to pick a mess of it ...
Carry it home and cook it for supper, 'cause that's about all they had to eat,
But they did all right.
It's ironic that Elvis sang this song during the period when he was most removed from his hardscrabble youth: Elvis crooned about poke salad while his belly glittered in jewels and white satin. Yet, the excess of Elvis' twilight years may well have been a direct result of the poverty of his childhood: Deprivation breeds fascination. You can see it in the King's infamous fixation on food: Elvis ordered pork chops and gravy at all hours of the night to remind himself both of the comfort of his past (homey Southern favorites) and of his triumph over poverty (his ability to make riches materialize at the snap of his fingers). Oh, and probably also because pork chops are delicious.
As a child of the 1980s, I had an easy time understanding why Michael Jackson was the King of Pop, but I had harder time grasping why Elvis was the King of Rock. Why not Mick or Jimi or Chuck? But as an adult, I get it: In his rise and slow fall, the King mirrored both rock 'n' roll and America: from sweaty obscurity to rhinestone-studded excess. You don't have to be a fan of the 12-bar blues to understand: This story speaks to all Americans. Elvis is King in America because he represents our country to a T: a hip young rebel who ended up overindulged, overprescribed, right wing and paranoid. If Elvis had gone broke, it'd be the perfect analogy. But take heart, America. Old Elvis was still kind of awesome. We're only obsessed with his decline because he was once so damn beautiful. Maybe we see ourselves in that.
Besides, the King may be dead, but rock 'n' roll lives on. Musicians in the post-Elvis era have continued to make the most of food as a metaphor. In 1977, the Dead Boys stripped culinary sexual innuendo down to a brutal scream:
Look at me that way, bitch
Your face is gonna getta punch
I said I don't need no cook girl
I need lunch!
Southern Culture on the Skids snacked all night on her "eight piece box" of fried chicken, and the Presidents of the United States of America reprised the country music tradition of using food to comment on the superiority of rural life. Other artists have used food to tackle U.S. history head-on: See John Mellencamp's bizarre decision to write a song about Native American genocide that somehow boils down to deciding between "Hotdogs and Hamburgers." It doesn't get much more American than that.
Felisa Rogers
Felisa Rogers studied history and nonfiction writing at the Evergreen State College and went on to teach writing to kids for five years. She lives in Oregon's coast range, where she works as a freelance writer and editor.
MORE FROM Felisa Rogers
Eatymology Food Music


Since our inception we have achieved many great things but the most important is that we have engaged with the community. We have worked hard to enable the East Kilbride Community Trust to gain an understanding of our community's needs, wants and desires and to understand what is required.
All of our activities were fun and interesting, and importantly form the feedback we received something a lot of the children in our groups would probably never otherwise experience. The activities encouraged creativity and exploration. We ran the Forest School programs over 12 sessions with St Hilary's Primary six pupils, Mossnuek primary a mixture of Primary six and seven, Westmains ASN (Additional Support Needs) base and South Park Nursery three to five year old's. The lessons were designed to offer a continuum of learning, over which the children gradually built up their skills and confidence of working and playing in the natural environment. We progressed towards activities involving tool use and fire at a rate suitable to the individual group. All of the activities the children took part in during the Forest School programme were designed to challenge children – but also to be achievable. This way the children were able to stretch their skills whilst also building their confidence.
we took the view that this would be a long term project with which we would build strong relationships in the community. To date we have worked with the Murray Primary School Base, Crosshouse Primary School Base, Greenhills Primary Base and the full school roll of 51 pupils at Greenburn Primary School. Each year we will continue to add to the existing relationships we have already fostered and will continue to strengthen our partnerships.
Snap is a voluntary play scheme that provides a service to children with additional needs. They operate over four weeks each summer from Blacklaw Primary School in East Kilbride. The service aims to provide appropriate play activities for the children and young people in a caring environment and offers respite to parents. We worked with them to provide outdoor learning experiences at our community allotments for them to learn using their different senses in a new environment. We worked with the carers and children to provide sporting experiences and appropriate play led games at our facility K-Park Training Academy in Calderglen.
The Prince's Trust helps disadvantaged young people to get their lives on track. Many of the young people helped by The Trust are in or leaving care, facing issues such as homelessness or mental health problems, or have been in trouble with the law. The Trust's programmes give vulnerable young people the practical and financial support needed to stabilise their lives, helping develop self-esteem and skills for work. Three in four young people supported by The Prince's Trust move into work, education or training. We were pleased to partner them with this 12 week programme and where honoured to be chosen as this particular group's charity to use to demonstrate the skills they had learned. The group used the funds to buy a polytunnel, a table and much needed equipment for our community allotments to add to the experience for the children when they visit.
We ran this to allow the East Kilbride pupils to identify with what community meant to them in a manner that they were able to express themselves. Children as young as primary 1 took part which was fantastic. We felt it was important to get a broad view from different age groups and that this was a great way of engaging with the pupils to find out how they felt. The older pupils were able to express themselves thorough creative writing and poetry. There are 22 primary Schools and 3 Secondary schools in East Kilbride with a catchment of over 10,000 pupils which we got to speak to and engage with.
At the East Kilbride Community Trust, we aim to improve the overall wellbeing of the community of East Kilbride through the promotion of physical activity and good mental health and the provision of assistance in sports related and healthy lifestyle matters. Accordingly, we have produced a fitness DVD which instructs people on how to perform core exercises in the correct manner. The DVD was created using resources and volunteers from East Kilbride. Personal trainer and former bodybuilding champion, Steven Laird, leads four local boys between the ages of nine and seventeen through an intense workout which focuses on all areas of the body. The DVD was filmed and edited by local cameraman, Brian Stevenson, and producer, James McCormack. All images and audio are copyright of the East Kilbride Community Trust, Scottish charity no. SC040731.


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Northern Lights, Camera, Action: Jet2.com and Jet2CityBreaks celebrates first flight to Iceland
Posted in New Routes
Our inaugural flight to Keflavik International Airport near Reykjavik took off from Glasgow Airport earlier today.
The full flight marked our first ever dedicated trip to Iceland, with customers taking a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see the spectacular Northern Lights on their four-night trip.
They have even more to remember from their trip, thanks to a special celebration at Keflavik International Airport to mark the inaugural flight, including a delicious slice of cake and a goodie bag containing tourist tips on what to do and see in Iceland.
Today's inaugural flight marks the start of a programme of 12 dedicated trips this winter from five UK bases including Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds Bradford, Manchester and Newcastle across February and March.
Thanks to the phenomenal success of these trips, the company will operate 32 trips to Iceland and the Northern Lights from six bases in Winter 19/20, over double the amount on sale this Winter, including 12 trips in October/November and 20 trips from February to April.
All flights will be operated by award-winning Jet2.com on Boeing 737-800 aircraft and the full Winter 19/20 programme is as follows:
Birmingham Airport:
Six trips to Iceland and the Northern Lights, three times the amount on sale for Winter 18/19, including trips over the Easter Holidays.
Two trips operating in November, a four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 7th November and a three-night midweek break operating on Monday 11th November.
Four trips operating in March and April. A four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 5th March and a hat trick of three night weekday trips departing on Monday 9th March, Monday 30th March and Monday 13th April.
East Midlands:
BRAND NEW for Winter 19/20! Four trips to Iceland and the Northern Lights.
Two trips operating in November, a four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 14th November and a three-night midweek break operating on Monday 18th November.
Two trips operating in March. A four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 12th March and a three night weekday trip departing on Monday 16th March.
Glasgow:
Four trips to Iceland and the Northern Lights, doubling the size of the programme.
Two trips operating in October, a four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 10th October and a three-night midweek break operating on Monday 14th October.
Two trips operating in February. A four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 6th February and a three night weekday trip departing on Monday 10th February.
Leeds Bradford:
Six trips to Iceland and the Northern Lights, up from four in Winter 18/19.
Two trips operating in October/November, a four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 31st October and a three-night midweek break operating on Monday 4th November.
Four trips operating from February to April. Four-night weekend trips departing on Thursday 20th February and Thursday 2nd April, and three night weekday trips departing on Monday 24th February and Monday 23rd March.
Six trips to Iceland and the Northern Lights, up from two in Winter 18/19.
Two trips operating in October, a four-night weekend trip departing on Thursday 17th October and a three-night midweek break operating on Monday 21st October.
Four trips operating from February to April. Four-night weekend trips departing on Thursday 27th February, Thursday 26th March and Thursday 9th April, and a three night weekday trip departing on Monday 2nd March.
Newcastle:
Four trips operating from February to March. Four-night weekend trips departing on Thursday 13th February and Thursday 19th March, and three night weekday trips departing on Monday 17th February and Monday 6th April.
This programme gives plenty of choice and flexibility for customers wishing to experience everything Iceland has to offer, including the cityscape of Reykjavik, the spectacular Northern Lights or the stunning Golden Circle and its geothermal lagoons, spas and waterfalls.
Customers can take their pick from flight-only or package holiday options which include a guided Northern Lights Tour, flights with Jet2.com including 22kg hold luggage, transfers to and from the airport, as well as a choice of 3 and 4-star hotels in central Reykjavik, which provide the perfect base from which to explore.
Steve Heapy, CEO of Jet2.com and Jet2holidays said: "We are delighted to offer our customers even more choice when it comes to visiting this wonderful country. Iceland is home to many natural and unique wonders, from the Northern Lights to natural parks and geothermal spas. It was a proud moment to welcome our first customers on board at Glasgow for the trip of a lifetime and we hope they have a lovely holiday."
Hlynur Sigurdsson, Director of Commercial Operations at Keflavik Airport, said: "We at Keflavik Airport are pleased to warmly welcome Jet2.com and Jet2CityBreaks. We are looking forward to continuing working with Jet2.com and Jet2CityBreaks and hope our relationship will be long and fruitful."
For further information and to book visit www.jet2.com or www.jet2CityBreaks.com
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Early bird pricing for HSMAI Members, 'Bring Your Team' & regular attendees ends February 5, 2016.
Click here to purchase tickets - Includes one complimentary drink ticket for the networking reception.
Managing a distribution strategy for all the different channels can be a daunting task. Should your hotel's GDS strategy be the same as your strategy for Booking Engine, OTA, or Voice? Probably not!
Supplier competition within the GDS is fierce. For example, in the Sabre GDS, there are approximately 175,000 hotel properties that promote, personalize and sell their products to travel management companies, corporate travel departments and approximately 415,000 travel agents around the word.
In this session we will start by reviewing how travel agents shop for hotels in the GDS. Each participant will receive a copy of their existing "GDS Brochure" (HOD) and as a group, we will discuss data and revenue management strategies to improve GDS production.
At the conclusion of the session, participants will have a personalized GDS strategy that can be implemented immediately.
Previously employed by Maritz TQ3 (now Carlson Wagonlit), Laura managed Corporate Hotel Program Development/Automation and served as the Regional Representative and Vendor Relations for the Maritz Global Hotel Program.
During this time she managed the development and technical implementation of multiple Fortune 50 hotel programs. Additionally, she centrally managed viewership tables for 300+ Maritz serviced corporations.
Laura was recruited by the Sabre Hotel Product group in 1999 as a resource dedicated to helping Sabre agencies and corporate customers automate their preferred hotel programs. Nortel and the Canadian Federal Government were amongst the first programs she facilitated.
Upon the acquisition of the SynXis CRS in 2004, Laura shifted to GDS efficiencies and channel revenue management strategies for hotel customers, with a focus on corporate travel booked through the GDS channel.
Elected to serve 4 terms on the Global Business Travel Association Hotel Committee (GBTA), Laura played a critical role in the development of the standardized RFP and rate loading specifications used in the industry today.
Laura is an experienced corporate travel agent who keeps her skills polished by voluntarily assisting in the reservation needs of her family, friends and colleagues.


Get the 2019 season kicked off with the Inaugural Tampa Bay Biathlon on March 9th at beautiful Fort Desoto Park.
Awesome awards and plenty of post-race food and fun for everyone!
The race is a run-bike event, beginning at Shelter 5 with a 3.1 mile run along the Gulf. Athletes will then mount their bikes for a fast and flat closed course 10 mile race through the park. Don't let up and cross the Finish Line @ full speed on your bike to receive your finisher medal!
5k participants will run the same 5k course as the Biathlon.
This event has been canceled for 2019. Refunds were issued to all registered participants in early February.


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Girls' soccer: DiMattina nears milestone
Mira Wassef
In his first game as a referee, Joe DiMattina found himself on the other side of a battle he's used to losing.
The longtime S.S. Seward girls' soccer coach is used to mixing it up with the referees when he's roaming the sidelines, but when he became a certified FIFA ref this past offseason, he caught himself jawing with parents and players on the field.
"I shouldn't be doing that," DiMattina said. "But I was explaining an offsides call to a parent. Then I was like why am I explaining this to a parent. But that's the coach in me. I explain things."
DiMattina, 36, said coaching was something he's always wanted to do. He got his first shot as the modified boys' soccer coach at Tuxedo before landing the girls' varsity job with the Tornados, and then continued his success at Seward.
Now in his 13th season, DiMattina is quickly closing in on his 200th career victory. His career record is 195-39-16 and includes 11 consecutive Section 9 girls' soccer championships. DiMattina has led Seward (5-0-1) to six straight section titles and won five straight when he was coaching at Tuxedo.
"I don't know what the 200th win would mean," DiMattina said. "It says we're consistent and that we come out with a competitive team every year. It means a lot because of the girls that came through my program."
DiMattina's consistency has been remarkable considering he's never had a losing season, only lost one section title game and only trailed in one other. That's the one he remembers, of course. The Spartans were down 2-1 at halftime to Sullivan West in the section championship before scoring three goals in the second half to pull out the 4-2 win.
DiMattina led Seward to the Class C state championship in 2007 with a 1-0 overtime win over Caledonia-Mumford. Then the Spartans did it again and won a share of the Class D state title in 2008 with a 2-2 tie vs. Edmeston. There are no penalty kicks in the state title game and the tie ruined Seward's hope of becoming the first local girls' soccer team to finish a season perfect.
"The first one was just amazing," DiMattina said. "The second one happened because of the first one, because you believe you can do it."
Also, DiMattina was one point shy of leading Seward to the girls' basketball state title in 2007. He coached the Seward boys' basketball team for four years before taking over the girls program and has a career record of 140-93.
"I like the game of basketball better than soccer," DiMattina said with a laugh. "But if you go by wins and losses, I guess it's soccer."
mwassef@th-record.com


These are tricky times for comedians. Gone are the heady years when a good set at "Catch a Rising Star" and a thumbs-up from Leno or Letterman automatically led to a network sitcom. Our fragmented era of podcasts and web series may offer more outlets, but not necessarily more careers. At the same time, established comedians find themselves attacked for their behavior (Cosby), their material (Kathy Griffin, Roseanne), or both (Louis C.K.). Meanwhile, Americans have become so virulently polarized, taking on any serious socio-political topic risks losing half the room.
Through it all, however, veteran comic Kathleen Madigan endures and thrives. A former journalist, she's not averse to picking at controversial topics (e.g., her celebrated bit on the still-missing Malaysian Flight 370), yet fans of all political stripes accept the Missouri-born Irish Catholic as a one-of-us, blue-collar type in the vein of Ron White and Bill Engvall. She's entertained the troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, but you won't find her on a Fox News panel anytime soon. Where you will find her, week after week, is in concert halls across America doing her "Boxed Wine and Bigfoot" tour, which reaches Huntington's Paramount Theater April 12.
Even offstage, Madigan speaks frankly about her background, material, and career choices—especially her continued pursuit of stand-up while so many in her field jump to television and movies at the first opportunity. "I never wanted a sitcom, she notes. "I don't want one, and still would say `no' to one. For a while at ABC, Marcy Carsey and Tom Werner ran the ship, and they were big fans of women. They helped Roseanne and Brett Butler. And Ellen's show ran on ABC. But then Carsey-Werner kind of went away. The people now in their 60s—Ray Romano, Brett—that was the last group where stand-ups just got a sitcom (except maybe Kevin James, who's my age). But ABC was the only option.
Black is one of the few comedians for whom Madigan has written material: "he had this big thing in Montreal, and we had to put together something quickly and write jokes towards a theme. Since Lewis is one of my best friends, I can write in his voice." Another was the late, great Garry Shandling, when he was hosting the 2004 Emmy Awards. Recalls Madigan, "I was a fan of Garry's. He was crazy, but that's okay. Not harmful crazy. I mean, comedians tend to throw around words that aren't politically correct, so `crazy' might get me in trouble. But he was so smart and so funny and so nice.
Asked if that stance might make fans believe she leans politically to the right, Madigan responds, "There's a show on Fox called The Five. And they're always trying to find comedians to go on there. I've said `no,' like, 50,000 times. I'm like, `Are you high? I'm not gonna support that.' Lewis won't go on it, either. They have a tough time finding comics who even would agree to jump into that because we'd be making their show better. They could easily get serious left-wing people who could argue a point in an intelligent way. But they want entertainment. I guess for a comedian who has nothing else to do and wants to help Fox, have at it. But my fans probably see me in the same way they think of Ron [White]. People can be amazed that he's…I don't know if you'd call it `liberal.' Maybe practical or just more in the middle. But for me, I don't even know enough…I mean, to really understand healthcare and what is the answer? I have no idea.
Asked if the ugly behavior of Bill Cosby and Louis C.K. should affect our appreciation of their skills and older work, Madigan answers, "You'd have to decide whether you like those comics to begin with. Whatever Bill Cosby has done—his comedy was always too slow for me. I don't have the patience. I'm not a long-story person; I want bam bam bam bam bam! But I guess if you were a Cosby fan…could you go backwards in time? He's probably still funny to those people.
Do you recall your first stand-up routine?
I know I did some jokes about the Olympics because it was an Olympic year. But otherwise, I don't remember.
Didn't you used to smoke?
I quit a long time ago. I just stopped.
How do prepare just before a show?
I usually just sit there drinking a cup of coffee.
Zanies in Nashville. [Mark Ridley's] Comedy Castle in Detroit.
Florence and the Machine, Mumford and Sons, Anita Baker, Arcade Fire, Jann Arden. Those are what I listen to the most in my house.
Most recent books you've read?
Nick Tosches's Hellfire: The Jerry Lee Lewis Story, and David Corn's Russian Roulette: The Inside Story of Putin's War on America and the Election of Donald Trump.
I still love Arthur. If it's on, I still watch it. Or anything by Christopher Guest—especially Best in Show—but anything with Fred Willard in it.
As a kid, I liked M*A*S*H. Now, I don't even watch regular TV; I watch Netflix. So there's Queen of the South and Ozark and a British thing called Broadchurch. Being on the road and always working at night, I don't even know what's out there.


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Mythology & Folklore
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Mythology & Folklore Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for enthusiasts and scholars of mythology and folklore. It only takes a minute to sign up.
Are Canaanite Goddesses Associated with Pigs?
Many goddesses are associated with pigs, mostly because of their fertility. For example, the pig was sacred to Isis, and the Greeks sacrificed pigs to Demeter, and also in sacrificial rituals at certain Attic festivals. But I don't recall pigs being associated in myths with the Canaanite goddesses, such as Asherah, Anat, or Astarte. (I'm checking this in connection with the Israelite prohibition on eating pork.) Does anyone know of Canaanite myths or legends in which pigs are associated with their goddesses?
Arthur George
Arthur GeorgeArthur George
Thanks, Gibet. Yes, I remember iconography/artifacts of Astarte with a pig or pigs. For the benefit of others, my question regarding the A-team (I like your terminology!) and other Canaanite goddesses is more about the myths themselves.
– Arthur George
For the most part there is no association between Canaanite gods and pigs. Canaanites, like Israelites, didn't eat pigs, which weren't indigenous to the land. In fact, archaeologists often take pig bones as a sign that a settlement was Philistine (see for example this paper). So pigs don't make many appearances in Canaanite myth either.
However, there is one myth that might give a kind of link. In the Greek myth of Adonis, Adonis was a lover of Aphrodite who was killed by a wild boar, culminating with Aphrodite's mourning over him.
This myth is thought to have come from Phoenicia (his name comes from the Canaanite word * 'adōn, master). I don't believe there is any extant retelling of the Canaanite myth, but Lucian's The Syrian Goddess has a description of the rites of Adonis performed at Byblos in Phoenicia. Here is part of the description most relevant to the myth:
They assert that the legend about Adonis and the wild boar is true, and that the facts occurred in their country, and in memory of this calamity they beat their breasts and wail every year, and perform their secret ritual amid signs of mourning through the whole countryside. When they have finished their mourning and wailing, they sacrifice in the first place to Adonis, as to one who has departed this life: after this they allege that he is alive again, and exhibit his effigy to the sky.
This is said to have taken place in a temple sacred to the Byblian Aphrodite (Astarte, the Ashtoreth of the Bible). So it seems there was a Canaanite story in which a boar kills Astarte's lover, Adonis.
b ab a
The 'don't eat pig meat' thing was introduced in their culture as a tabu as a consequence of the illnesses provoked by consumption of pigs meat raised in improper conditions, improper meat preparation and improper handling and storage(it was very hot and in max. two hours from sacrificing a pig bad germs start developing). There is why the consumption was forbidden and this idea was incapsulated in myths and especial in religious beliefs.
Florin NechitaFlorin Nechita
Thanks. I'm aware of the health/sanitation issues, but my question was where were pigs contained in the myths about the Canaanite goddesses, regardless of whether pigs are being portrayed positively or negatively.
Thanks for contributing an answer to Mythology & Folklore Stack Exchange!
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Are there any myths that prove Athena was the favorite daughter of Zeus?
What do we know about the Roman goddesses Adeona and Abeona?
Greek female name associated with gifts, a tool, a weapon, or a lie - must sound relatively 'normal' for a modern name
Are there any accounts of how Hera, Demeter, and/or Hestia conducted themselves in combat?
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Burn It Down è il quarto album in studio del supergruppo statunitense The Dead Daisies, pubblicato nel 2018 dalla Spitfire Records.

Descrizione
La formazione della band è rimasta la stessa del disco precedente, fatta eccezione per il batterista Brian Tichy, sostituito da Deen Castronovo.

Tracce

Formazione
John Corabi, voce
David Lowy, chitarra
Doug Aldrich, chitarra
Marco Mendoza, basso
Deen Castronovo, batteria

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The major features of science. Objectivity – objective knowledge should be free of opinion or bias and based purely on empirical evidence. Repeatability – the ability to check and verify the information by repeating a study. Fallibility – the ability to demonstrate that a theory is wrong. Validating new knowledge and the role of peer review. New knowledge Is published In scientific Journals which act as permanent records of research. It Is checked by professionals In the specific field of research who peer review It. Only high quality work is published.
There are a few issues with the peer review system including: The rejection of new research which does not reflect the current paradigm. The file drawer phenomenon – research which does not support the hypothesis ends up in a drawer rather than published. Reviewer bias may stop a piece from being published – if the expert doesn't agree or if the research doesn't come from a specific institution, it may not be published. Research Methods (selecting and applying appropriate methods). Interviews and Surveys – choose when you need to get detailed information or want o know in-depth responses.
Observations – choose when you want to gather data without largely influencing the participant's behavior or when you are interested in how behavior may appear in a natural environment. Case Study – In depth study of a single person or small group of people. Correlation Study – when looking for a relationship between two variables e. G. Amount of time spent watching TV and aggression. Lab Experiment – when looking for cause and effect between two specific variables. Sampling Strategies and Implications of. Chance of being chosen.
Every member of the target population is identified and a random sampling technique is employed to select the sample. Opportunity – a sample that consists of those people available to the researcher. The researcher approaches people and asks them to take part. This reduces the population validity and leads to a high chance of bias within the sample. Volunteer – participants volunteer to take part in the research (usually in response to an advert placed by the researcher). This reduces the population validity as a specific type of person is likely to volunteer for the research. Validity and Issues of.
Types – Internal = the controlling of variables within the study, e. G. Does the DVD measure what it was designed to measure? – External = how well the results of a study can be generalized beyond the study itself (e. G. Beyond the APS used and setting of the original study). Improving validity – Internal = use measures or scales which have been previously validated, carefully control all variables and/or run a pilot study. – External = replicate with different groups of people/in different settings. Reliability and Issues of. – Internal thing. = the consistency within a test, e. G. W well items measure the same results each time. Improving reliability – Internal = use the split-half method to compare scores from one half of the test to another. – External = use the test-retest method to retest on the same or similar APS. A high correlation between all replications equals a reliable test. Ethical considerations in the design and conduct of research. Informed consent, deception, debriefing, right to withdraw, confidentiality, protection from physical and psychological harm. Choosing graphs. Bar Chart – shows summary statistics. Useful to show differences in data (e. Means) between groups. The bars on the graph are separate as the data is discontinuous. Histogram – shows the whole distribution off group of data. The bars are together as the data is continuous. The column areas of the bards represent the frequency of the score. Scattergun – show the relationship between two variables. They show the strength and direction of the correlation. Probability and Significance (interpreting and errors). Probability is the likelihood of something happening and is expressed between the numbers O and 1 the event will not happen and 1 means it definitely will).
We use statistical tests in psychological research to work out the probability of our results being due to chance. In order to avoid accepting or rejecting our experimental hypothesis incorrectly, we set the level of probability at 5% (0. 05). This tells us that a maximum of 5% of our results are due to chance. If we are too strict or too lenient with our data, a Type 1 or 2 error can occur. We should be looking at (e. G. 0. 10 or 10%) which results in us accepting our hypothesis when we should reject it. Type 2 error – being too strict. By looking to see whether our results are significant at strict level (e. . 0. 001 or 1%) we run the risk of rejecting our experimental hypothesis when it is in fact correct. How to choose a statistical test. You need to know the type of data (nominal, ordinal or interval), whether you are looking for a difference OR a relationship and what type of experimental design was used. Nominal data is data which is put into categories (or named), Ordinal data is data which can be put in order (e. G. 1st 2nd, 3rd) and Interval data is data which is obtained when there are equal measurements on a scale e. G. CM or seconds.
Mann-Whitney – if you have an independent groups design, are looking for a difference between two sets of data and have ordinal/interval data. Wilcox – if you have a repeated measures design, are looking for a difference between two sets of data and have ordinal/interval data. Superman's RYO – if you are looking for a relationship (correlation) between two variables and have ordinal/interval data. Chi- Square – if you have nominal data. Analyzing and interpreting qualitative data. Qualitative data (collected by interviews or open-ended questions in questionnaires) s best analyses using content analysis.
There are many different forms – one of the most straight forward being Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (PA). It goes like so: Transcribe the data into written form – read and re-read the data – code or organism the data into key themes (emergent themes) – arrange into groups (key themes) – reflect on what the data tells us. How to report a psychological investigation. A published psychological report contains the following sections (in order) – Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, References and Appendices. Writing a Big One! 10/12 marker) What to include if asked to write up a methods section: Not strictly necessary but a nice addition if you want an A! Stating a directional or non-directional hypothesis would be fine but you may also wish to include a null hypothesis Design: Lab/Field/Natural Experiment Independent Groups/Repeated Measures/Matched Pairs and DVD Control of any extraneous variables Dealing with any ethical issues Participants Sample size Sampling method Control Groups Materials: This will vary hugely but may include items such as a questionnaire, paper, pens, topnotch, consent form, standardized instructions etc.
Procedure (step by step guide to allow for replication) Duration/Whereabouts/Details of who how many people were recording data/How the data was recorded. What to include if asked to write up a results section: A clearly labeled table of the results. A well labeled bar graph/histogram/scatter gram of the data. Explanation of which statistical test was used and why. Explanation and Justification of which level of significance the results were compared to. Whether the hypothesis/sees can be accepted or rejected based on the results of the statistical test.