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[[File: Ra_and_Atum.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Depiction of the Ancient Egyptian Sun Gods: Re (left) and Atum (right)]]
[[File: Ra_and_Atum.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Depiction of the Ancient Egyptian Sun Gods: Re (left) and Atum (right)]]__NOTOC__
The ancient Egyptians, like all literate cultures, developed a written cosmogony that explained how the world was created. The Egyptians believed that their gods and goddesses played significant roles in the creation of the physical world and later humanity. At first glance ancient the Egyptian cosmogony does not seem very different than those of other cultures, but a closer examination reveals that the Egyptian system had one very notable difference than all others – there were actually three creation myths.
The ancient Egyptians, like all literate cultures, developed a written cosmogony that explained how the world was created. The Egyptians believed that their gods and goddesses played significant roles in the creation of the physical world and later humanity. At first glance, ancient Egyptian cosmogony does not seem very different than those of other cultures. A closer examination reveals that the Egyptian system had one very notable difference than all others – there were three creation myths.
The three ancient Egyptian creation myths corresponded to the cities where they originated: Hermopolis, Memphis, and Heliopolis. Each of these cities also represented an important deity – Amun, Ptah, and Atum respectively – and a specific way in which creation took place. To modern people it may seem strange and contradictory that the ancient Egyptians had three seemingly disparate creation myths, but it was all quite logical and keeping with the complex Egyptian view the universe.
The three ancient Egyptian creation myths corresponded to the cities where they originated: Hermopolis, Memphis, and Heliopolis. Each of these cities also represented a critical deity – Amun, Ptah, and Atum, respectively – and a specific way in which creation took place. To modern people, it may seem strange and contradictory that the ancient Egyptians had three seemingly disparate creation myths. Still, it was all quite logical and keeping with the complex Egyptian view the universe.
===Egyptian Cosmogony and Cosmology===
====Egyptian Cosmogony and Cosmology====
Unlike many other literate pre-modern cultures, such as the Greeks and Romans, the early ancient Egyptians had few narrative myth cycles and none that related to cosmogony or cosmology. This is not to say that the Egyptians did not have any creation myth, just that they were not written in a narrative style as other in other cultures. The Egyptian creation myths are mentioned in fragments from a number of different Egyptian texts, most notably the Pyramid Texts, the Coffin Texts, and the Book of the Dead. These three texts consist of collections of "utterances" and "spells" that were intended to successfully send a deceased person into the afterlife, although they also make mention of the creation of the universe and the gods that were involved. <ref> Morenz, Sigried.  Egyptian Religion. Translated by Ann E. Kemp. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1992), p. 160</ref> It was not until the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BC) when the Egyptians began to write myths in a narrative form and it was not until the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (332-Christian Era) when the collections of disparate spells and mentions of creation in the older texts were transferred into a narrative. <ref> Shaw, Ian and Paul Nicholson.  The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1995), p. 73</ref>
Unlike many other literate pre-modern cultures, such as the Greeks and Romans, the early ancient Egyptians had few narrative myth cycles and none that related to cosmogony or cosmology. The Egyptians did have creation myths, but they were not written in a narrative style as others in other cultures. The Egyptian creation myths are mentioned in fragments from a number of different Egyptian texts, most notably the Pyramid Texts, the Coffin Texts, and the Book of the Dead. These three texts consist of collections of "utterances" and "spells" that were intended to send a deceased person into the afterlife successfully. although they also make mention of the creation of the universe and the gods that were involved. <ref> Morenz, Sigried.  Egyptian Religion. Translated by Ann E. Kemp. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1992), p. 160</ref>
The non-narrative nature of early Egyptian creation myths is certainly interesting, but the most fascinating aspect of Egyptian cosmogony was the simultaneous existence of three creation myths. It was once believed that the plurality of creation myths was the result of the three cities being "cult centers" of three major gods: the god of a particular city and his accompanying myth took precedence over all others to his followers, although the other gods and goddesses were not necessarily ignored. This view still holds sway with some Egyptologists, although most now believe, based on studies of the ancient Egyptian concept of time, that the ancient Egyptians simply viewed the three myths as different perspectives of creation and that there was no intellectual contradiction to see all three versions taking place simultaneously. <ref> Wilkinson, Richard H.  The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. (London: Thames and Hudson, 2003), p. 16 </ref>
It was not until the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BC) when the Egyptians began to write myths in a narrative form and it was not until the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (332-Christian Era) when the collections of disparate spells and mentions of creation in the older texts were transferred into a narrative. <ref> Shaw, Ian, and Paul Nicholson.  The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1995), p. 73</ref>
===The Hermopolitan Creation Myth===
The non-narrative nature of early Egyptian creation myths is certainly interesting, but a fascinating aspect of Egyptian cosmogony was the simultaneous existence of three creation myths. It was once believed that the plurality of creation myths was the result of the three cities being "cult centers" of three major gods: the god of a particular city and his accompanying myth took precedence over all others to his followers. However, the other gods and goddesses were not necessarily ignored. This view still holds sway with some Egyptologists.
[[File: Amun-Ra.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Relief of the God Amun]]
It is believed that the oldest of the three Egyptian creation myths was the Hermopolitan myth, which was named for the city from where it originated: Khemnu, or more commonly known by its Greek name, Hermopolis. According to the Hermopolitan myth, life began in the primeval waters, out of which came the Ogdoad, or eight original deities. The eight original deities were grouped in male-female pairs and included: Nun and Naunet, Heh and Heuhet, Kek and Kauket, and Amun and Amaunet. The details of the physical creation itself are a bit vague in the Hermopolitan myth and instead focus on the "numinous and mysterious force of the divine creative power." <ref> Tobin, Vincent Arieh. "Myths." In The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion. Edited by Donald B. Redford. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 248</ref>
The most important god of the Hermopolitan creation myth was Amun, who was known as the "Hidden One," indicating the numinous and mysterious force mentioned by Tobin. Amun grew in importance during Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c. 2055-1650 BC) until he became the national god during the Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1550-1295 BC) of the New Kingdom. Amun's attributes as a creator god were later combined with more martial elements, which was indicative of the period. <ref> Lesko, Leonard. "Ancient Egyptian Cosmogonies and Cosmology." In The Oxford History of Medieval Europe. Edited by Byron E. Shafer. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991), pgs. 105-6</ref> Where the creation in the Hermopolitan myth was somewhat enigmatic and connected to a mysterious force, creation according to the Memphis myth was the result of intellect.
Most now believe, based on studies of the ancient Egyptian concept of time, that the ancient Egyptians simply viewed the three myths as different perspectives of creation and that there was no intellectual contradiction to see all three versions taking place simultaneously. <ref> Wilkinson, Richard H.  The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. (London: Thames and Hudson, 2003), p. 16 </ref>
===The Memphite Creation Myth===
====The Hermopolitan Creation Myth====
[[File: Ptah_votive_stele.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|A Votive Stela Depicting Ptah with a Long Beard, Skull Cap, and "Djed" Staff]]
Memphis (Egyptian "Mennefer") served as Egypt's political capital for much of its history and it was also the primary cult center of the god Ptah. Like Amun, Ptah was always depicted in human form, but instead of wearing a feather crown he was shown wearing a simpler skull cap. In many ways Ptah was the most logical choice of all creator gods, as he was the god of metal workers and craftsmen. <ref> Wilkinson, p. 18</ref> Although Ptah was known to work with his hands, his act of creation was accomplished through thought and speech. The so-called "Memphite Theology" is articulated fully in a hieroglyphic text known as the Shabaqa Stone. The Shabaqa Stone is named for the Nubian king who ruled over Egypt in the Twenty Fifth Dynasty (ruled 716-702 BC) and is dated to 710 BC, but is believed by most Egyptologists to be a copy of a Nineteenth Dynasty, or possibly even an Old Kingdom original. <ref> Lesko, p. 95</ref> The creation account of the text reads:
The oldest of the three Egyptian creation myths was the Hermopolitan myth, which was named for the city from where it originated: Khemnu, or more commonly known by its Greek name, Hermopolis. According to the Hermopolitan myth, life began in the primeval waters, which birthed the Ogdoad, or eight original deities. The eight original deities were grouped in male-female pairs and included: Nun and Naunet, Heh and Heuhet, Kek and Kauket, and Amun and Amaunet. The details of the physical creation itself are a bit vague in the Hermopolitan myth and instead focus on the "numinous and mysterious force of the divine creative power." <ref> Tobin, Vincent Arieh. "Myths." In The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion. Edited by Donald B. Redford. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 248</ref>
"There took shape in the heart, there took shape on the tongue the form of Atum. For the very great one is Ptah, who gave [life] to all the gods and their kas through his heart and through this tongue, in which Horus had taken shape as Ptah, in which Thoth had taken shape as Ptah." <ref> Lichtheim, Miriam, ed.  Ancient Egyptian Literature. Volume 1: The Old and Middle Kingdoms (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006), p. 73</ref>
The most important god of the Hermopolitan creation myth was Amun, who was known as the "Hidden One," indicating the numinous and mysterious force mentioned by Tobin. Amun grew in importance during Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c. 2055-1650 BC) until he became the national god during the Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1550-1295 BC) of the New Kingdom. Amun's attributes as a creator god were later combined with more martial elements, which was indicative of the period. <ref> Lesko, Leonard. "Ancient Egyptian Cosmogonies and Cosmology." In Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths, and Personal Practice. Edited by Byron E. Shafer. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991), pgs. 105-6</ref> Where the creation in the Hermopolitan myth was somewhat enigmatic and connected to a mysterious force, creation according to the Memphis myth was the result of intellect.
===The Heliopolitan Creation Myth===
====The Memphite Creation Myth====
[[File: Luxor_Museum_Haremhab_Atum.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Statue of King Horemheb (reigned c. 1323-1295 BC]]
The third and probably the most important of all the Egyptian cosmogonies was the Heliopolitan creation myth. The Heliopolitan myth was developed at an early time in pharaonic history in the city of Heliopolis (Egyptian "Iunu," biblical "On"), which was the cult center of the sun-god Atum. There are plenty of references in the Pyramid Texts to Atum and the Heliopolitan version of creation. Theologically speaking, the Heliopolitan myth was the most straightforward and concrete of the cosmogonies, as it involved Atum emerging from a primordial mound and then creating the first four generations of male-female pairs, which became known as the Ennead. Creation in this myth, therefore, was the result of pure will and is a process with a definite beginning and end. The way in which Atum created the Ennead is described in numerous "Utterances" of the Pyramid Texts as both physical and sexual.
Memphis (Egyptian "Mennefer") served as Egypt's political capital for much of its history, and it was also the primary cult center of the god Ptah. Like Amun, Ptah was depicted in human form, but instead of wearing a feather crown, he was shown wearing a simpler skull cap. In many ways, Ptah was the most logical choice of all creator gods, as he was the god of metal workers and craftsmen. <ref> Wilkinson, p. 18</ref> Although Ptah was known to work with his hands, his act of creation was accomplished through thought and speech. The so-called "Memphite Theology" is articulated fully in a hieroglyphic text known as the Shabaqa Stone. The Shabaqa Stone is named for the Nubian king who ruled over Egypt in the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (ruled 716-702 BC) and is dated to 710 BC, but is believed by most Egyptologists to be a copy of a Nineteenth Dynasty, or possibly even an Old Kingdom original. <ref> Lesko, p. 95</ref> The creation account of the text reads:
"There took shape in the heart; there took shape on the tongue the form of Atum. For the very great one is Ptah, who gave [life] to all the gods and their kas through his heart and through this tongue, in which Horus had taken shape as Ptah, in which Thoth had taken shape as Ptah." <ref> Lichtheim, Miriam, ed.  Ancient Egyptian Literature. Volume 1: The Old and Middle Kingdoms (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006), p. 73</ref>
====The Heliopolitan Creation Myth====
The third and probably the most important of all the Egyptian cosmogonies were the Heliopolitan creation myth. The Heliopolitan myth was developed early in pharaonic history in the city of Heliopolis (Egyptian "Iunu," biblical "On"), which was the cult center of the sun-god Atum. There are plenty of references in the Pyramid Texts to Atum and the Heliopolitan version of creation.
Theologically speaking, the Heliopolitan myth was the most straightforward and concrete of the cosmogonies, as it involved Atum emerging from a primordial mound and then creating the first four generations of male-female pairs, which became known as the Ennead. Creation in this myth, therefore, was the result of pure will and is a process with a definite beginning and end. How Atum created the Ennead is described in numerous "Utterances" of the Pyramid Texts as both physical and sexual.
"Atum is he who (once) came into being, who masturbated in On. He took his phallus in his grasp that he might create orgasm by means of it, and so were born the twins Shu and Tefenet. May they put the King between them and set the King among the gods in front of the Field of offerings." <ref> Faulkner, Richard O., ed. and trans.  The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. (Stilwell, Kansas: Digiread.com Publishing, 2007), Utterance 527</ref>
Atum then created Geb (earth) and his consort Nut (sky) before creation Osiris (Underworld/kingship) and Isis (Magic/Queenship) and Seth (Chaos) and Nephthys (Queenship). The Heliopolitan mythic cycle is considered to have been completed by the end of the Fifth Dynasty (2494-2345 BC) <ref> Tobin, p. 240</ref>, although its influence resonated throughout all periods of Egyptian history.
Atum then created Geb (earth) and his consort Nut (sky) before creation Osiris (Underworld/kingship) and Isis (Magic/Queenship) and Seth (Chaos) and Nephthys (Queenship). The Heliopolitan mythic cycle is considered to have been completed by the end of the Fifth Dynasty (2494-2345 BC). <ref> Tobin, p. 240</ref> However, its influence resonated throughout all periods of Egyptian history.
Elements of the Heliopolitan myth permeated Egyptian theology for centuries, namely in three primary ways. First, the idea of the afterlife was implied in the Heliopolitan myth through Osiris. The cult of Osiris increased in importance and popularity as Egyptian history progressed, eventually eclipsing Atum and the solar-cult on many levels. The idea of divine kingship was also inherent in the Heliopolitan myth. Osiris was the original god of kingship and after he was slain by Seth, the position passed to his son Horus, who became a substitute for his father in the Heliopolitan myth. <ref> Wilkinson, p. 79</ref> Atum was also directly associated with kingship in a number of the Utterances from the Pyramid Texts and in art was also depicted in human form, usually wearing the Double Crown of Egyptian kingship. <ref> Tobin, p. 246</ref>
Finally, the Heliopolitan cosmogony had a profound influence on ancient Egyptian solar theology. Atum's solar and generative attributes are clearly depicted in texts and art as life giving, both in creation and daily life. Eventually, Atum began to be associated with another sun-god, Re, in a syncretic union. The Pyramid Texts describe Re as the rising sun and Atum as the setting sun, with the two traveling together on the "Solar Barque" through the nighttime hours.
Elements of the Heliopolitan myth permeated Egyptian theology for centuries, namely, in three primary ways. First, the idea of the afterlife was implied in the Heliopolitan myth through Osiris. The cult of Osiris increased in importance and popularity as Egyptian history progressed, eventually eclipsing Atum and the solar-cult on many levels. The idea of divine kingship was also inherent in the Heliopolitan myth. Osiris was the original god of kingship, and after Seth slew him, the position passed to his son Horus, who became a substitute for his father in the Heliopolitan myth. <ref> Wilkinson, p. 79</ref> Atum was also directly associated with kingship in a number of the Utterances from the Pyramid Texts and art was also depicted in human form, usually wearing the Double Crown of Egyptian kingship. <ref> Tobin, p. 246</ref>
Finally, the Heliopolitan cosmogony had a profound influence on ancient Egyptian solar theology. Atum's solar and generative attributes are depicted in texts and art as life-giving, both in the creation and daily life. Eventually, Atum began to be associated with another sun-god, Re, in a syncretic union. The Pyramid Texts describe Re as the rising sun and Atum as the setting sun, with the two traveling together on the "Solar Barque" through the nighttime hours.
"My father ascends to the sky among the gods who are in the sky; he stands at the Great Polar Region and learns the speech of the sun-folk.
Re finds you on the banks of the sky as a waterway-traveller who is in the sky: 'Welcome, O you who have arrived', say the gods. He sets his hand on you at the zenith of the sky; 'Welcome, O you who know your place', say the Ennead.
Be pure; occupy your seat in the Bark of Re, row over the sky and mount up to the distant ones; row with the Imperishable Stars, navigate with the Unwearying Stars, receive the freight of the Night-bark." <ref> Faulkner, Utterance 513</ref>
By the New Kingdom, Re was one of the most important gods in the Egyptian pantheon and had even eclipsed Atum at Heliopolis. <ref> Wilkinson, p. 101</ref> Despite Atum being subsumed by Re, for all of the reasons discussed above the Heliopolitan myth remained the most important cosmogony throughout ancient Egyptian history.
By the New Kingdom, Re was one of the most important gods in the Egyptian pantheon and had even eclipsed Atum at Heliopolis. <ref> Wilkinson, p. 101</ref> Despite Atum being subsumed by Re, for all of the reasons discussed above, the Heliopolitan myth remained the most essential cosmogony throughout ancient Egyptian history.
===Conclusion===
The ancient Egyptians had a world view that may seem quite strange and complicated to modern people. The Egyptians believed in three different creation myths and apparently never had any difficulty reconciling their simultaneous existence. An examination of the Hermopolitan, Memphite, and Heliopolitan creation myths reveals that each was valid to the ancient Egyptians because they represented three different manners of creation – inherency, mind and speech, and the sun – respectively.
====Conclusion====
===References===
[[Category: Mythology]] [[Category: Ancient Egyptian Mythology]]
[[Category: Myths and Gods]] [[Category: Ancient Egyptian Mythology]] [[Category:Wikis]]
Depiction of the Ancient Egyptian Sun Gods: Re (left) and Atum (right)
Egyptian Cosmogony and Cosmology
Unlike many other literate pre-modern cultures, such as the Greeks and Romans, the early ancient Egyptians had few narrative myth cycles and none that related to cosmogony or cosmology. The Egyptians did have creation myths, but they were not written in a narrative style as others in other cultures. The Egyptian creation myths are mentioned in fragments from a number of different Egyptian texts, most notably the Pyramid Texts, the Coffin Texts, and the Book of the Dead. These three texts consist of collections of "utterances" and "spells" that were intended to send a deceased person into the afterlife successfully. although they also make mention of the creation of the universe and the gods that were involved. [1]
It was not until the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BC) when the Egyptians began to write myths in a narrative form and it was not until the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods (332-Christian Era) when the collections of disparate spells and mentions of creation in the older texts were transferred into a narrative. [2]
Most now believe, based on studies of the ancient Egyptian concept of time, that the ancient Egyptians simply viewed the three myths as different perspectives of creation and that there was no intellectual contradiction to see all three versions taking place simultaneously. [3]
The Hermopolitan Creation Myth
Relief of the God Amun
The oldest of the three Egyptian creation myths was the Hermopolitan myth, which was named for the city from where it originated: Khemnu, or more commonly known by its Greek name, Hermopolis. According to the Hermopolitan myth, life began in the primeval waters, which birthed the Ogdoad, or eight original deities. The eight original deities were grouped in male-female pairs and included: Nun and Naunet, Heh and Heuhet, Kek and Kauket, and Amun and Amaunet. The details of the physical creation itself are a bit vague in the Hermopolitan myth and instead focus on the "numinous and mysterious force of the divine creative power." [4]
The most important god of the Hermopolitan creation myth was Amun, who was known as the "Hidden One," indicating the numinous and mysterious force mentioned by Tobin. Amun grew in importance during Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c. 2055-1650 BC) until he became the national god during the Eighteenth Dynasty (c. 1550-1295 BC) of the New Kingdom. Amun's attributes as a creator god were later combined with more martial elements, which was indicative of the period. [5] Where the creation in the Hermopolitan myth was somewhat enigmatic and connected to a mysterious force, creation according to the Memphis myth was the result of intellect.
The Memphite Creation Myth
A Votive Stela Depicting Ptah with a Long Beard, Skull Cap, and "Djed" Staff
Memphis (Egyptian "Mennefer") served as Egypt's political capital for much of its history, and it was also the primary cult center of the god Ptah. Like Amun, Ptah was depicted in human form, but instead of wearing a feather crown, he was shown wearing a simpler skull cap. In many ways, Ptah was the most logical choice of all creator gods, as he was the god of metal workers and craftsmen. [6] Although Ptah was known to work with his hands, his act of creation was accomplished through thought and speech. The so-called "Memphite Theology" is articulated fully in a hieroglyphic text known as the Shabaqa Stone. The Shabaqa Stone is named for the Nubian king who ruled over Egypt in the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (ruled 716-702 BC) and is dated to 710 BC, but is believed by most Egyptologists to be a copy of a Nineteenth Dynasty, or possibly even an Old Kingdom original. [7] The creation account of the text reads:
"There took shape in the heart; there took shape on the tongue the form of Atum. For the very great one is Ptah, who gave [life] to all the gods and their kas through his heart and through this tongue, in which Horus had taken shape as Ptah, in which Thoth had taken shape as Ptah." [8]
The Heliopolitan Creation Myth
The third and probably the most important of all the Egyptian cosmogonies were the Heliopolitan creation myth. The Heliopolitan myth was developed early in pharaonic history in the city of Heliopolis (Egyptian "Iunu," biblical "On"), which was the cult center of the sun-god Atum. There are plenty of references in the Pyramid Texts to Atum and the Heliopolitan version of creation.
Theologically speaking, the Heliopolitan myth was the most straightforward and concrete of the cosmogonies, as it involved Atum emerging from a primordial mound and then creating the first four generations of male-female pairs, which became known as the Ennead. Creation in this myth, therefore, was the result of pure will and is a process with a definite beginning and end. How Atum created the Ennead is described in numerous "Utterances" of the Pyramid Texts as both physical and sexual.
"Atum is he who (once) came into being, who masturbated in On. He took his phallus in his grasp that he might create orgasm by means of it, and so were born the twins Shu and Tefenet. May they put the King between them and set the King among the gods in front of the Field of offerings." [9]
Atum then created Geb (earth) and his consort Nut (sky) before creation Osiris (Underworld/kingship) and Isis (Magic/Queenship) and Seth (Chaos) and Nephthys (Queenship). The Heliopolitan mythic cycle is considered to have been completed by the end of the Fifth Dynasty (2494-2345 BC). [10] However, its influence resonated throughout all periods of Egyptian history.
Statue of King Horemheb (reigned c. 1323-1295 BC
Elements of the Heliopolitan myth permeated Egyptian theology for centuries, namely, in three primary ways. First, the idea of the afterlife was implied in the Heliopolitan myth through Osiris. The cult of Osiris increased in importance and popularity as Egyptian history progressed, eventually eclipsing Atum and the solar-cult on many levels. The idea of divine kingship was also inherent in the Heliopolitan myth. Osiris was the original god of kingship, and after Seth slew him, the position passed to his son Horus, who became a substitute for his father in the Heliopolitan myth. [11] Atum was also directly associated with kingship in a number of the Utterances from the Pyramid Texts and art was also depicted in human form, usually wearing the Double Crown of Egyptian kingship. [12]
Finally, the Heliopolitan cosmogony had a profound influence on ancient Egyptian solar theology. Atum's solar and generative attributes are depicted in texts and art as life-giving, both in the creation and daily life. Eventually, Atum began to be associated with another sun-god, Re, in a syncretic union. The Pyramid Texts describe Re as the rising sun and Atum as the setting sun, with the two traveling together on the "Solar Barque" through the nighttime hours.
"My father ascends to the sky among the gods who are in the sky; he stands at the Great Polar Region and learns the speech of the sun-folk. Re finds you on the banks of the sky as a waterway-traveller who is in the sky: 'Welcome, O you who have arrived,' say the gods. He sets his hand on you at the zenith of the sky; 'Welcome, O you who know your place,' say the Ennead. Be pure; occupy your seat in the Bark of Re, row over the sky and mount up to the distant ones; row with the Imperishable Stars, navigate with the Unwearying Stars, receive the freight of the Night-bark." [13]
By the New Kingdom, Re was one of the most important gods in the Egyptian pantheon and had even eclipsed Atum at Heliopolis. [14] Despite Atum being subsumed by Re, for all of the reasons discussed above, the Heliopolitan myth remained the most essential cosmogony throughout ancient Egyptian history.
↑ Morenz, Sigried. Egyptian Religion. Translated by Ann E. Kemp. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1992), p. 160
↑ Shaw, Ian, and Paul Nicholson. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1995), p. 73
↑ Wilkinson, Richard H. The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. (London: Thames and Hudson, 2003), p. 16
↑ Tobin, Vincent Arieh. "Myths." In The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion. Edited by Donald B. Redford. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 248
↑ Lesko, Leonard. "Ancient Egyptian Cosmogonies and Cosmology." In Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths, and Personal Practice. Edited by Byron E. Shafer. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991), pgs. 105-6
↑ Wilkinson, p. 18
↑ Lesko, p. 95
↑ Lichtheim, Miriam, ed. Ancient Egyptian Literature. Volume 1: The Old and Middle Kingdoms (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006), p. 73
↑ Faulkner, Richard O., ed. and trans. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. (Stilwell, Kansas: Digiread.com Publishing, 2007), Utterance 527
↑ Tobin, p. 240
↑ Faulkner, Utterance 513
↑ Wilkinson, p. 101
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* Featured * Countries Denmark/Greenland Featured • Zone 3 General Newsroom Picks • zone 2 Society Society (Denmark/Greenland)
Greenland announces COVID-19 reopening plan
Eilís Quinn, Eye on the Arctic @arctic_eq
Posted: Tuesday, September 7, 2021 at 15:51
An undated photo of Greenland's capital city of Nuuk. (iStock)
Greenland's government announced its reopening plan on Friday, saying it would gradually increase travellers to the island at the same it bolsters its vaccination program.
"The starting point for the long-term reopening plan is to keep Greenland as free from infection as possible, while at the same time taking into account the wishes of citizens and the business community for better connections abroad," the government said in a news release.
Starting September 6, the government upped the number of passengers allowed to travel to Greenland from Copenhagen to 1,500 from 1,000 per week. It is also allowing up to 180 passengers to travel to Greenland from Iceland.
This will stay in place until the end of the month.
Starting October 1, no more passenger limits will be imposed.
Testing, quarantine, and re-testing requirements remain until December 31
Regulations around testing, quarantine and re-testing will remain in place until the end of the year.
Until that date, all travellers will be required to produce a negative COVID-19 test done within 72 hours of departure (increased from 48 hours.)
A March 2021 file photo of a Covid-19 test center in the center of Nuuk, Greenland. (Emil Helms/Ritzau Scanpix/AFP via Getty Images)
People travelling to Greenland who are not fully vaccinated will still be required to quarantine upon arrival, as well as undergo a second COVID-19 test.
The government said the reopening plan will be adjusted as necessary depending on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the region.
Seven new cases on Monday
As of Monday, health authorities reported four new COVID-19 cases in Sisimiut, a town in western Greenland, and three in Nuuk. The Sisimuit cases were all from a known infection chain. The cases in Nuuk included one student in one location, and one employee and one child in the same day care in a separate location. Health authorities said there is no known link between the two Nuuk outbreaks.
Sisimiut remains the only jurisdiction in Greenland still under area restrictions which include allowing only fully vaccinated residents to use sports facilities or restaurants as well as public transit. The Qeqqata municipality, where Sisimiut is located, currently has 36 active COVID-19 infections.
Total infections in all of Greenland are 47 as of Tuesday.
The government also said it will be increasing communication about vaccinations and making vaccinations more available in the coming weeks.
Related stories from around the North:
Canada: Health board looking to delay Quebec vaccine passport for Nunavik youth until mid fall, Eye on the Arctic
Iceland: Iceland sets up committee to examine COVID-19 response, Eye on the Arctic
Sweden: Sweden extends COVID-19 test recommendations for travellers from abroad, Radio Sweden
covid-19, Greenland, Qeqqata municipality, Sisimiut
← Nunavik crime victims systematically shut out of Quebec compensation program
Russian minister of emergency situations dies during Arctic exercise →
Eilís Quinn, Eye on the Arctic
Eilís Quinn is an award-winning journalist and manages Radio Canada International's Eye on the Arctic news cooperation project. Eilís has reported from the Arctic regions of all eight circumpolar countries and has produced numerous documentary and multimedia series about climate change and the issues facing Indigenous peoples in the North.
Her investigative report "Death in the Arctic: A community grieves, a father fights for change," about the murder of Robert Adams, a 19-year-old Inuk man from Arctic Quebec, received the silver medal for "Best Investigative Article or Series" at the 2019 Canadian Online Publishing Awards. The project also received an honourable mention for excellence in reporting on trauma at the 2019 Dart Awards in New York City.
Her report "The Arctic Railway: Building a future or destroying a culture?" on the impact a multi-billion euro infrastructure project would have on Indigenous communities in Arctic Europe was a finalist at the 2019 Canadian Association of Journalists award in the online investigative category.
Her multimedia project on the health challenges in the Canadian Arctic, "Bridging the Divide," was a finalist at the 2012 Webby Awards.
Her work on climate change in the Arctic has also been featured on the TV science program Découverte, as well as Le Téléjournal, the French-Language CBC's flagship news cast.
Eilís has worked for media organizations in Canada and the United States and as a TV host for the Discovery/BBC Worldwide series "Best in China."
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Climate finance, Kenya, Rio conventions, economic development, economics of land degradation (ELD), energy security, food/ nutrition, grazing management
(-) energy security (32)
(-) economics of land degradation (ELD) (22)
(-) economic development (14)
(-) Rio conventions (3)
(-) Climate finance (1)
(-) grazing management (1)
Land Degradation and Development (articles just published)
Modeling variations in soil salinity in the oasis of Junggar Basin, China Ligang Ma, Shengtian Yang, Zibibula Simayi, Qing Gu, Jiadan Li, Xiaodong Yang and Jianli Ding Version of Record online: 15 FEB 2018 | DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2890 Carbon Balance as Affected by Biosolid Application in Reforestations…
Restoration of degraded land for food security and poverty reduction in East Africa and the Sahel: taking successes in land restoration to scale
The goal of the project is to reduce food insecurity and improve livelihoods of poor people living in African drylands by restoring degraded land, and returning it to effective and sustainable tree, crop and livestock production, thereby increasing land profitability and landscape and livelihood…
Land and Poverty Conference 2018: Land Governance in an Interconnected World March 19-23, 2018 Washington, DC
The Land and Poverty conference will present the latest research and practice on the diversity of reforms, interventions, and innovations in the land sector around the world. The 2018 conference theme will be: Land Governance in an Interconnected World
FAO Launches Initiative to Scale Up Agroecology in Support of the SDGs
The Second International Symposium on Agroecology was held 3-5 April 2018 in Rome, Italy. Participants discussed how Agroecology can be scaled up so that it delivers benefits for multiple SDGs. They launched the 'Scaling up Agroecology Initiative' as a framework for concerted action and partnerships…
Land Degradation & Development April -Special Issue Title: The Economics of Land Degradation and Desertification
Special Issue Title: The Economics of Land Degradation and Desertification (UNCCD Second Scientific Conference)
Land Degradation & Development April - Special Issue Title: Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Land in Arid and Semi‐Arid Environments
Land Degradation & Development Volume 29, Issue 4 Pages i - i, 861 - 1302, April 2018 Special Issue Title: Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Land in Arid and Semi‐Arid Environments Ecophysiological Indicators to Assess Drought Responses of Arid Zone Native Seedlings in Reconstructed Soils…
ATONU web-based "Nutrition-Sensitive Intervention (NSI) Selection Tool"
The Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN) and partners are pleased to share an updated version of the web-based tool "ATONU's Nutrition-Sensitive Intervention (NSI) Selection Tool". The tool assists development practitioners working in the agriculture sector to…
Relationship between food waste, diet quality, and environmental sustainability
This analysis finds that US consumers wasted 422g of food per person daily, with 30 million acres of cropland used to produce this food every year. This accounts for 30% of daily calories available for consumption, one-quarter of daily food (by weight) available for consumption, and 7% of annual…
Foodsource-A free and evolving resource to empower informed discussion on sustainable food systems.
A free and evolving resource to empower informed discussion on sustainable food systems.
Infographic The Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus by IUCN
This infographic shows the interactions and key questions around the relationship triangle of water, energy and food security, like: What are energy efficient water-treatment technologies? How does watershed management help hydropower? What technologies make irrigation more water efficient? et al.
The economic impact of reducing food waste in Germany, Poland and Spain
A new study has quantified the economic impact of reducing avoidable food waste in Germany, Poland and Spain. The researchers modelled impacts on production, GDP and employment. The results show that reducing food waste from households has the greatest impact, although policy measures should be…
Assessment and quantification of marginal lands for biomass production in Europe using soil quality indicators
The cultivation of bioenergy plants at fertile, arable lands increasingly results in new land use conflicts with food production and cannot be considered as sustainable, therefore. Marginal lands have been frequently considered as potential alternative for producing bioenergy from biomass. However…
TEEB for Agriculture & Food: Scientific and Economic Foundations report
Communities across the world are becoming more interested in eating a healthy, nutritious, and low-footprint diet. But there remains a big disconnect between consumers, producers, and the impact current production and consumption patterns have on the environment and climate. What can you do? The…
Global land use implications of dietary trends
Global food security and agricultural land management represent two urgent and intimately related challenges that humans must face. The authors quantify the changes in the global agricultural land footprint if the world were to adhere to the dietary guidelines put forth by the United States…
New Report: Unlocking the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Accelerating Climate Action in Urgent Times.
Today, the New Climate Economy launches its 2018 report, Unlocking the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Accelerating Climate Action in Urgent Times. It demonstrates the benefits of a new low-carbon growth model and outlines how we can urgently accelerate efforts to achieve it. Bold action…
Tele-connecting local consumption to global land use
Globalization increases the interconnectedness of people and places around the world. In a connected world, goods and services consumed in one country are often produced in other countries and exchanged via international trade. Thus, local consumption is increasingly met by global supply chains…


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Home / Department of Public Health and Primary Care / Primary Care Unit / Research / Research Overview
The goal of the Primary Care Unit is to reduce the burden of ill health by identifying and targeting behaviours that lead to chronic conditions, by improving early detection of disease and by improving the quality of health services.
Our research is multidisciplinary, drawing in particular on clinical epidemiology and social and behavioural science, and ranges from qualitative interviews to clinical trials set in primary care.
Particular strengths at the Unit include:
our ability to develop interventions based on expertise in behavioural techniques and the determinants of patient and practitioner behaviour;
we pay attention to both physical and psychosocial factors in patient health;
access to well-characterised cohorts;
evaluation of interventions using both precise objective measures of behaviour and exploration of people's experiences;
our capacity to conduct randomised trials in primary care;
our ability to enable assessment of important clinical endpoints through extended follow-up;
a focus on quality improvement in health care;
using innovative approaches to strengthen the evidence base for improving healthcare;
our focus on addressing real concerns of patients and staff;
a commitment to discovering what doesn't work, as well as what does.
Delivering results for patients and service users
We deliver major impact on clinical practice and health policy through our research and our teaching. We recognise that a very wide range of stakeholders influence the translation of our research into benefit for patients and have established strong, multi-dimensional links with stakeholders and decision-makers.
Recent research highlights
Our research is led by Stephen Barclay, Christi Deaton, Robbie Duschinsky, Simon Griffin, Jonathan Mant, Theresa Marteau, Stephen Morris, Stephen Sutton, Juliet Usher-Smith and Fiona Walter.
Jonathan Mant and colleagues have demonstrated that, in most circumstances, using fixed dose combination pills is likely to offer better value for money than adhering to current guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (see PLOS One Sept 2017)
Fiona Walter co-leads the international CanTest collaborative, Cancer Research UK's most significant investment in primary care cancer research to date, setting out to deliver an annual International School in Early Detection Research in primary care, and to evaluate existing and emerging diagnostic technologies such as apps and biomarkers.
The Palliative Care Group's work on cancer-related fatigue (led by Anna Spathis) has been taken up in training materials being widely disseminated by Macmillan Cancer Support;
The assumption that most people would prefer to die at home has been challenged by Sarah Hoare and Stephen Barclay 's work from the End of Life Care Group in a systematic literature review endorsed and widely disseminated by the National Clinical Director for End of Life Care, Prof Bee Wee;
Theresa Marteau and colleagues in Cambridge (Gareth Hollands and Paul Fletcher) and Bristol (Marcus Munafo) have been awarded a Wellcome Trust Collaborator Award in Science to develop their field and laboratory studies on changing behaviour by changing cues in the environment ("nudging");
Our previous Professor of Health Services Research, Martin Roland, carried out research on measures of quality that underpinned the NHS Quality and Outcomes Framework and the development of national patient surveys with online patient experience data now available on all GP practices in the country.
Our research questions
The types of research question that we plan to emphasise over the coming five year period include:
Can we provide better ways to help people stop smoking, become more physically active, and take their tablets as prescribed?
Can we prevent type 2 diabetes developing in people who are at high risk?
What is the best way to detect type 2 diabetes in the early stages?
What is the best way to identify people who are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and melanoma?
Which diagnostic approaches will enable doctors to make more timely diagnoses of common and more difficult-to-diagnose cancers?
Does screening for atrial fibrillation prevent strokes and save lives, and is it cost effective?
What is the best way to provide services in primary care for people who have had a stroke?
What is the best way to help people at the end of life make decisions about what treatments they wish to receive?
How can palliative care services be redesigned to meet the needs of an ageing population, often with several co-morbid conditions?
What is the best way to improve the interaction between patients and general practitioners and does this lead to better health outcomes?
How can we provide a stronger evidence base for assessments of children's mental health in primary care?
Can we prevent mental health problems developing in young people who are at high risk?
What is the best way to improve the quality of care the NHS provides in primary care?
NIHR School for Primary Care Research
Archived Projects List
All Primary Care Unit Publications


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Top StoriesConservativeIndependentMAGACommunity
byPoli Storm
http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/405871-bolton-threatens-sanctions-against-international-criminal-court
The Trump administration on Monday threatened to impose sanctions on International Criminal Court (ICC) personnel if it continues with an investigation into alleged U.S. war crimes in Afghanistan, a move that could raise questions about the future of the court.
National security adviser John Bolton, a longtime ICC critic, made the announcement in his first major speech since joining the Trump administration.
"The United States will use any means necessary to protect our citizens and those of our allies from unjust prosecution by this illegitimate court," Bolton told members of the conservative Federalist Society gathered at a Washington, D.C., hotel.
The top security official argued the court poses a threat to U.S. sovereignty, is ineffective in prosecuting war crimes and too often targets American allies, such as Israel.
The State Department also announced it is shuttering the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) Washington office over concerns that it is attempting to trigger an ICC investigation of the Jewish state.
"The United States will always stand with our friend and ally, Israel," Bolton said. "We will not allow the ICC, or any other organization, to constrain Israel's right to self-defense."
Palestinian officials said the decision would not affect its plans to pursue an ICC investigation and accused the U.S. of unfairly favoring Israel in stalled efforts to restart Middle East peace talks.
"We reiterate that the rights of the Palestinian people are not for sale, that we will not succumb to U.S. threats and bullying," Palestinian diplomat Saeb Erekat said in a statement to news organizations in advance of the speech. "Accordingly, we continue to call upon the International Criminal Court to open its immediate investigation into Israeli crimes."
Monday's speech amounted to a coming out party for Bolton, who has played a mostly behind-the-scenes role since becoming President Trump's national security adviser in April.
The remarks allowed Bolton, a noted hawk, to make his own public imprint on the administration's approach to foreign affairs. As a top State Department official, Bolton led former President George W. Bush's charge against the ICC in the early 2000s. On Monday, he said America's refusal to sign the treaty creating it "remains one of my proudest achievements."
Bolton said the renewed push against the court also fits into Trump's goal of putting the interests of Americans "above all else."
"This administration will fight back to protect American constitutionalism, our sovereignty, and our citizens," he said. "No committee of foreign nations will tell us how to govern ourselves and defend our freedom."
The chief prosecutor of the ICC requested last November to open a probe into alleged "crimes against humanity" committed in Afghanistan by U.S. military and intelligence personnel.
Bolton said if the investigation moves forward, the U.S. would ban ICC judges and prosecutors from entering the U.S., sanction any funds they have in the U.S. financial system and even weigh criminal probes against them.
The administration will also pursue more "binding, bilateral agreements" to prevent other countries from handing over Americans to the ICC. Roughly 100 agreements already exist, according to Bolton.
The U.S. could also reconsider foreign aid to countries that participate in the ICC, a group that includes some NATO allies. Speaking to reporters after the speech, Bolton said such a review is "entirely appropriate" but stopped short of directly threatening aid payments.
"We will not cooperate with the ICC. We will provide no assistance to the ICC. And we certainly will not join the ICC," Bolton said, prompting applause. "We will let the ICC die on its own. After all, for all intents and purposes, the ICC is already dead to us."
The ICC was formed in 2002 to prosecute war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. But it has been shrouded in controversy from the start.
Bush refused to ratify the Rome Statute which led to its creation and his administration negotiated several dozen agreements with other nations designed to shield Americans from prosecution.
U.S. opposition to the court softened after Bolton left the Bush administration and under former President Obama, the U.S. took steps to cooperate with the body, such a providing assistance with investigations into alleged African war crimes.
Bolton appears determined to once again harden America's posture toward the ICC, saying it was unfit to investigate any allegation of war crimes or genocide worldwide, even in areas like Darfur or Syria.
"It is the wrong venue across the board," he told reporters.
If the Trump administration follows through with its threats against the court, it could raise questions about its legitimacy and provide cover for other countries, such as South Africa, that are considering exiting.
But if the ICC continues with its Afghanistan probe, it could improve its standing among skeptics who believe it is unwilling to pursue cases against major world powers.
Human-rights groups said the decision to take a hostile stance toward the ICC could further isolate the U.S. on the world stage.
"John Bolton's threats show callous disregard for victims of atrocity crimes. The Trump administration claims to support accountability for grave abuses, but undermining the ICC would only squander opportunities for justice," said Liz Evenson, associate international justice director at Human Rights Watch.
The Trump administration is making it much more difficult to seek asylum
www.axios.com
Philip Carino
Billionaire investor Peter Thiel says the FBI and CIA should investigate Google
California Is 1st State To Offer Health Benefits To Adult Undocumented Immigrants


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eleven + five =
Home > Places > Group Portrait Monument to the Pioneers of the Women's Suffrage Movement
Group Portrait Monument to the Pioneers of the Women's Suffrage Movement
Place Category: Memorial & StatuePlace Tags: 19th Amendment Centennial Anniversary, Places in WDC, and WDC Metro Area Places
A group portrait is commemorating three pioneering suffragist leaders – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B Anthony.
The monument, carved from an 8-ton block of white marble by the sculptress and feminist Adelaide Johnson, was made in Carrara, Italy and made a transatlantic voyage until it reached Washington, DC. It was commissioned by the National Woman's Party (formed in 1916 with the mission to fight for women's rights and to secure the Equal Rights Amendment) and was presented as a gift to the US Capitol from the women of the US.
It was unveiled on February 1921, a year after the 19th Amendment was ratified guaranteeing women with the right to vote. At the dedication ceremony, the memorial was placed between the statues of Abraham Lincoln and Robert E. Lee, but afterward, it was removed and placed temporarily at the Capitol Crypt – the Capitol's basement at the time. It stayed there for more than 70 years.
In addition, some of the inscriptions were removed from the monument, and "provocative" lines, such as "Woman, first denied a soul, then called mindless, now arisen declared herself an entity to be reckoned" and "Men their rights and nothing more, women their rights and nothing less", were erased for good.
The marble statue of the three suffragists in the Capitol crypt in 1965, Washington, D.C
It took 76 years and an act of Congress to bring the monument back to the public, and in 1997 it was placed again at the Capitol Rotunda after a campaign led by the National Women's History Museum.
The monument appears unfinished because of the large chunk of uncarved marble in its back. The motive for this decision is unclear – some say it represents the unfinished struggle for women's equality, and others say it's preserved for the first US woman president. At the moment, it's the only monument on display in the Capitol Rotunda dedicated to women.
Celebrating 90 Years of Women's Rights
"Celebrating 90 Years of Women's Rights"
National Women's History Museum, 2010.
www.nwhm.org
Address: Rotunda, U.S Capitol
Click here for more women-related places in WDC Metro Area.
Photo credit - WWP team and LOC
Alice Paul Institute
Museum, Mount Read more [...]
Martha Hughes Cannon Statue
Statue, Salt Read more [...]
Women in Military Service for America Memorial
Memorial & Read more [...]
Clara Barton Missing Soldiers Office
Museum, Read more [...]


Many of us have confusion in mind how to get hubpages articles approved. Hubpages being one of the top community of professional blogging network. This is one of the top and famous network where people write content, share, seek help in the forum of pages. Being one of the top community Hubpages approval for each article that you write is little bit difficult. Difficult in the sense not that difficult that we can't get approved .Hubpages expects from us to write quality articles which rank higher in the search engine to get more traffic and visitors.
It is the every hubpager desire to get his or her article to be approved and most of the hubbers work on this to get their articles approved.In order to get your articles approved you follow some of the steps that I am going to show you here. Here are the things you to focus to write hubs that can be approved easily.
Quality plays a vital role in Hubpages. Quality is the key focus area which you have to put your focus into while writing your articles. Your articles. Should be useful with good amount of content in it. You should concentrate on your focus areas as per the title and not discussing more and more about other stuff which is not related to your article itself.
If you write a short high articles your chances of getting approved in Hubpages is very less. Set your target in mind that you will compose articles at least 1000 words. The minimum is thousand words but you can write more than thousand words. The more the content you write related to your topic the more traffic you get and also search engines will rank your article on first page.
In Hubpages to rank better your articles should contain at least five images. These five images which you upload to Hubpages should include your keywords as name of the image that you upload it is a fact of SEO to rank better. And also don't copy images which contain rights to not use it. Most of the hubbers upload copyrighted images to their Hubpages that is not appropriate to do so. If you want to upload copyrighted images see the author's permission or mention the name of source in the image from where you taken the image.
I have seen most of the top hubbers include videos in their articles to rank better. You can either upload your own video or upload any the YouTube video which doesn't belong to you and mention in source that you have taken it from YouTube. If you do this habit to mention source on each and every image and video that you have taken from other sites than quality comes into picture.
Adding backlinks to other hubpages of somebody else's related to your article in some proportion can rank your article in much better way and chances are there's that your hubs make get approved fast. Adding links is one of the search engine optimization practices to increase your page rank and to get good amount of traffic from search engines.
At the end of the article after your conclusion you can include Poll statements like Did you really like the article? And to answer options like yes or no. By doing this kind of method that will come to know the user's opinion when they are visiting and reading your article.
When you really compose an article on Hubpages it gives an option to add comments or remove comments at the end of the article.It is left to you whether you to add or remove the comment box manually. My recommendation is to add your comment box so that users can reply via comments as a direct means of feedback. Some other people doesn't include comment box because they think that they get negative opinions from the visitors which may distract their articles but commands cannot be always positive there will be sometimes that comments will also be negative. Please do not get dissatisfied from your negative comments and work on it if needed. Every individual has his own perception of thinking what you think cannot be the same that he should also think the same. So do not get panic or get worried continue to write quality articles.
Composing new and new articles in a sequential manner in HubPages All Topics provides goods growth and also good Hubpages score. If you're Hubpages score is very high than your articles will rank high. So key factor is to write articles without any stoppages. Have a plan system to write articles like uploading three articles in a week or more than three it depends upon your style of writing and expressing your knowledge to the readers.
This is very important step to be taken while writing articles and presenting them. Please use heading tags like H1 OR H2 OR H3 tags and also include your keywords in your title and description. Make sure your keywords are present in the article many times in various paragraphs to rank better. Also user ALT tags in images.
make sure you write original content and not copied from other websites or blogs. It is very critical issue when you copy content from other sites, so I recommend not to do this method if you do this your content will be banned from Hubpages and Google itself. So don't give an opportunity to happen this.
While composing and adding links to your pages. Either it may be amazon or eBay affiliate links. Do not over use your affiliate links in your articles. 3 to 4 affiliate links per article is sufficient to generate revenue. Adding more affiliate link spoils your quality of content highlighting every line with the blue highlighted link colour.
Use quality words to write your articles rather than explaining the whole sentence. For example for using the word quality the people emphasises more on good content and good articles. By using long sentence you may a bore your readers so try to avoid simple understandable long sentences and use quality words instead of it.
Do not repeat the same sentence in same article again and again which shows the readers that the author is unaware of a particular fact or the author is interested to make money instead of providing qualitative information.
Do not conclude your articles directly it may disturb the readers and divert their attention from your article. Once you have written an article try to conclude it by using positive sentences. Your conclusion should not be more than six lines.
These are the steps that you should follow to get your articles and your new hubs approved easily.


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PR Hacker
San Francisco PR Agency
Home » Rankings » Top Real Estate Journalists
Top Real Estate Journalists
These real estate journalists are not only known for their work, but they've covered various verticals of the commercial and residential areas of the business. PR Hacker recognizes these reporters for their valiant effort in the print, news, and online media across different real estate-related industries. If you happen to own a company in the real estate niche or looking to have connections with a Public Relations agency that specializes in rendering services in this niche, these reporters may help you to get ahead of the competition.
In case you're wondering how we handpicked these journalists, here's the short answer. We selected these reporters by scraping through different media reports, internet spotlight content, and previous awards n' nominations in the real estate news industry. Although, not in any specific order, our list highlights all of these intellectual giants for contributing to the real estate platform through high-flying content, the latest updates, and news.
Besides, over at PR Hacker, we feel that it's important to have connections to reporters for reputable publications that cover any particular area of interest, both in the online and real-life world. Having said, that, we are formally honoring these Top Real Estate journalists for bringing us the latest updates and newsworthy content before anyone else for that matter.
Eliot Brown
Reporter, The Wallstreet Journal
Eliot Brown writes about startups and venture capital out of The Wall Street Journal's San Francisco office. He previously covered commercial real estate and economic development from New York City. He joined the Journal in 2010 from the New York Observer.
Elizabeth Tilley
Queensland Real Estate News Editor, News Corp Australia
Elizabeth Tilley is the Queensland Real Estate News Editor for News Corp Australia, based in Brisbane, where she writes about residential real estate and movements in the Queensland housing market for The Courier-Mail and Sunday Mail, as well as news.com.au and realestate.com.au. Elizabeth has been a journalist for more than 15 years, working across regional and metro newspapers and as a reporter and presenter for Sky News Australia.
Sophie Foster
Digital editor QLD RE, News Corp Australia
Sophie Foster is the Queensland Real Estate Digital Content Producer fro News Corp Australia and a former Senior Real Estate Journalist at News Corp Australia. Please contact her by email. She manages online content for the Queensland real estate news team and works closely with the digital teams at The Courier-Mail, Gold Coast Bulletin, Cairns Post and Townsville Bulletin as well as real estate reporters. Sophie Foster has been a News Corp Journalist for two decades in Fiji and Australia, specialising in real estate, business, finance and crisis journalism.
Inga Saffron
Architecture Critic, The Philadelphia Inquirer
Inga Saffron is an American journalist and architecture critic. She writes for The Philadelphia Inquirer, which she joined in 1985 as a suburban reporter. Saffron was raised in Levittown, New York, and attended New York University after which she studied abroad in France for one year, then decided not to return to school and moved to Dublin. In Ireland, she wrote for many local publications and worked as a freelancer with Newsweek. She is currently working at The Philadelphia Inquirer
Mark Faithfull
Contributor, Forbes
Mark Faithfull is a global retail and real estate expert who looks behind the headlines to figure out what makes consumers tick. He works as editor-in-chief for MAPIC and editor for World Retail Congress, two of the biggest annual international retail business events. He also organizes, speaks at, and chairs conferences all over the world, with a focus on how people are changing and what that means for the retail, food & beverage, and leisure industries
Ryan Ori
Senior Staff Writer, CoStar
Ryan Ori is a senior staff writer at CoStar News. Ori is based in Chicago, where he has more than a decade of experience covering commercial real estate. Previously, he covered the industry for the Chicago Tribune and Crain's Chicago Business. Before his work in Chicago, Ori wrote for the Peoria Journal Star. He is a native of East Peoria, Illinois, and a graduate of Bradley University. He lives with his wife and three kids in Lincoln Park on Chicago's North Side.
Keiko Morris
Director of Journalism Recruiting, The New York Times
Keiko Morris' mission is to bring the best journalists in the world to The New York Times. Previously, she helped The Wall Street Journal build a strong talent pipeline, recruiting externally and supporting opportunities for staff to advance and grow within the company. Before her role as a recruiter, she served as a real estate reporter at The Wall Street Journal. She has more than 15 years of experience at top-tier newspapers writing and reporting front-page breaking news and enterprise stories, section-leading features, and analytical pieces. She has produced award-winning coverage of business, crime, and education issues.
Tim Logan
Real Estate and Development Reporter, Boston Globe Media
Tim Logan has more than a decade of writing for daily newspapers and freelancing for magazines. He specializes in stories about real estate, urban development and regional economics, but has also covered everything from crime to the business of healthcare to the beer industry. He posts quick-hit pieces for the web, crafts long-form feature stories, and does everything in between.
Lois Weiss
Commercial Real Estate Columnist, New York Post
Lois Weiss is a respected, highly lauded commercial real estate reporter for the New York Post and columnist for Bisnow Media. She has covered New York City real estate for more than two decades and is a past president of the National Association of Real Estate Editors. She's also the next woman to be featured in our series of Common Ground TRAILBLAZERS videos, spotlighting women who have made significant strides in commercial and residential real estate and related fields. We spent some time with Lois discussing her career and her perspective as a woman writing about the real estate field.
Peter Grant
Editor/Reporter, The Wall Street journal
Peter Grant has been working at The Wall Street Journal for the past 23 years and currently serves there as an Editor.
Kara Wetzel
Bureau Chief and Senior Editor, Bloomberg
Kara Wetzel is the San Francisco bureau chief for Bloomberg where she manages a bureau of 60+ reporters and editors, coordinates local news coverage, and acts as an external and internal Bloomberg liaison, as well as edits broader news and feature stories.
Katherine Feser
Business Reporter, Houston Chronicle
Katherine Feser covers a variety of subjects for the Houston Chronicle Business section. She coordinates some of the paper's most popular special sections, including the Chronicle 100, Home Price Survey, and Top Workplaces. She compiles many of the staples of the section, including the daily markets page, People in Business, event listings and real estate transactions.
Viktorija Karsokaitė
Business Journalist, 15min
Viktorija graduated from Vilnius University with a degree in journalism and started working during her studies. She is currently working as a journalist at 15min and writes about real estate, construction, and interior. She tries to look at her work, and that of her colleagues critically, to improve on a daily basis and not to forget that there are no uninteresting topics or interlocutors – there is only an uninteresting way to present it.
Vinod Behl
Editor, PropTOQ Media & Technologies
Vinod Behl is an Editor at PropTOQ , a real estate monthly. He has extensively been writing on real estate and infrastructure issues. He has a rich and varied experience of 30 years in print(especially magazines), internet and television journalism. Mr Behl has been occupying top editorial positions for close to two decades. He has worked and written for prominent organizations like Asian News International, Times of India, Illustrated Weekly of India, Hindustan Times, Onlooker,Eves Weekly, Star & Style, etc
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François Crépeau
Oppenheimer Chair in Public International Law
About François Crépeau
About the Oppenheimer Chair
Events of the Chair
Series: Slavery Old and New
Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants 2011-2017
Statements / Press Releases
Radio National Breakfast: Morrison refuses to sign UN migration pact citing risk to border security
CBC: 8 ans sans école, aujourd'hui les frères Gamboa réécrivent leur histoire
Podcast: The Truth About Migrants with Professor François Crépeau
Podcast: Migrants at the Border: A thoughtful discussion of migration, law and the human experience with Prof. Francois Crépeau
La Libre: Comment est né le Pacte sur les migrations qui déchaîne les passions de bien des Etats
Diversity Statement: Changing our Mindset and Understanding the Complexity of Migration
'Distasteful alliances': The secret story of Canada's fight against migrants
Synthèse de la conférence: Impact de l'immigration, conséquences pour les immigrants : de nouvelles données, de nouveaux résultats
One of a few photographs taken by the crew of the OOC Cougar (rescue ship) as the migrants' boat capsized upon approaching the ship that was attempting to rescue it. Photo credit: OOC Opielok Offshore Carrier.
Death by Rescue Report
Please see this excellent report by "Death by Rescue":
"The week commencing 12 April 2015 saw what is believed to be the largest loss of life at sea in the recent history of the Mediterranean. On 12 April, 400 people died when an overcrowded boat capsized due to its passengers' excitement at the sight of platform supply vessels approaching to rescue them. Less than a week later, on 18 April, a similar incident took an even greater toll in human lives, leading the deadliest single shipwreck recorded by the United Nations' High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in the Mediterranean. Over 800 people are believed to have died when a migrants' vessel sank after a mis-manoeuvre led it to collide with a cargo ship that had approached to rescue its passengers. More than 1,200 lives were thus lost in a single week. As Médecins Sans Frontiers (MSF) commented at the time, these figures eerily resemble those of a war zone.
Beyond the huge death toll, what is most striking about these events is that they were not the result of the reluctance to carry out rescue operations, which has been identified as a structural cause of migrants' deaths in the Mediterranean Sea. In these two cases, the actual loss of life has occurred during and partly through the rescue operation itself. The detailed reconstruction of these two successive tragedies provided in this report shows, however, that in all likelihood the merchant vessels involved complied with their legal obligations and did everything they possibly could to rescue the passengers in distress. While it could appear that only the ruthless smugglers who overcrowded the unseaworthy boats to the point of collapse are to blame, the report focuses on the deeper responsibilities of EU agencies and policy makers.
Frontex operational planning of the Triton operation thus deliberately disregarded not only the external criticism of human rights advocates, but also its own internal assessment predicting increased deaths at sea." – "Death by Rescue" Report, at: http://deathbyrescue.org/
The report was produced by Forensic Oceanography (Charles Heller and Lorenzo Pezzani), part of the Forensic Architecture agency (Directed by Eyal Weizamn) at Goldsmiths (University of London). The research for the report has been conducted in the framework of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-supported "Precarious Trajectories" research project (Principal Investigator: Simon Parker), and with the support of the WatchTheMed platform.
The report confirms with new evidence that Frontex in particular was aware that ending Mare Nostrum would lead to more deaths at sea but that the aim of deterrence took precedence over the risk to migrants lives. The gap in SAR capability left by the EU's policy of non-assistance lead ill-fit merchant ships barring the burden for rescue at sea and to repeated cases of death by rescue.


You'd think Timmy would use one of his wishes to get his father some help.
Hey, just put Dinkleham in a wood chipper.
"Sorry, sport, there's some things that are beyond even OUR magic."
I laughed so hard that day.
So...he hates Dinkleberg because apparently as a child all the way up through college years, Dinkleberg was dating his future-wife. Uh...the Scoreboard clearly shows that in the long-run, Dad wins because he married Mom in the end. so where'd the notion that Dinkleberg was evil come from?
I wonder if Ponyo would still go for this?
Damn it, I wouldn't really think about eating a ham like that.


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One of my socially engaged art thought experiments from a few weeks ago was an inquiry into collaborative curating. What if museums and galleries, in addition presenting work on their white walls, invited visitors as participants to sequence and classify objects?
For my final project I built a prototype to explore this and quickly discovered several other applications for investigation.
Which of course led me to the idea of remixing existing paintings altogether, such as with this abstract from Mondrian. Yes we could look and point and talk about how the artist created "paths across the canvas suggesting the city's grid, the movement of traffic, and blinking electric lights, as well as the rhythms of jazz (from MoMA)," but a remixing tool might ask us to look even closer and navigate these ideas by building our own version together.
Mondrian, Piet. Broadway Boogie Woogie. 1942-43. Museum of Modern Art, New York. MoMA. Web. 12 Dec. 2017. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78682.
And what would happen if this tool was extended to pictures with more visual complexity? This Bosch painting is densely packed with information. I imagine that surely we might get to know it even better with a tool that asks us to look carefully as we manipulate and move its elements.
With the underlying functionality in pace, I now have a template with which to populate any set of images. My original inspiration grew from an inquiry into ways museums and galleries might open source their exhibits and provide visitors with opportunities to sequence artworks themselves. I'm very interested in meaning is derived from visual sources, especially photographs, which I consider to be a combination several factors : What is content of the image (the objects, lines, shapes, composition, colors, distortions)? What does that content signify (what ideas are expressed?) How do our eyes physically read this information (What do you look at first, second...last?) Finally, what is the context in which the image is situated (Is it on a wall? A social media site? Are you holding it in book? Is it surrounded by other images)? Context and sequencing especially lends itself to establishing some type of perceived narrative and understanding.
Though this tool is not that different from my collaborative drawing canvas, participants can now investigate together many more questions with entire images or image segments at their fingertips. Questions related to how and what we see and also how meaning and stories are created within compositions and between them. If anything, perhaps the activity of sequencing together would make for a useful teaching tool in the art history or photography classroom. Ideally participants could upload their own images for any given context--educational, artistic, etc.
While this is good first attempt to create a tool for collaborative image interaction, there are some bugs to work out. Currently if shapes or objects overlap, the mouse cursor picks up the objects in the background layer first, as opposed to the topmost layer. And of course, especially when working with images, I also need to learn how to load them faster and/or provide a loading animation while the participants wait. Finally, every time you refresh the page, the objects always display in the same starting points; I would prefer for any updated image locations to save for the next visitor to consider what just occurred (and why) and then continue the iteration process.
A proposal for a real-world socially engaged art project.
A couple of weeks ago visiting guest artist, Joseph Moore, discussed a body of work sourced from the live feeds of unsecured web cameras. When he mentioned a site of such feeds at insecam.org, I immediately hopped on to peruse those labeled New York City. Many of the cameras peer out onto the sidewalks from doorways, seemingly unbeknownst to passersby. I didn't know what to expect, but I felt as if I had stumbled into someone else's secret. Who else was watching and why?
"Who sets up these automated cameras, and why? What do they show? Are people aware of them? Who looks at their images? Does someone need these images? Does the presence of a camera alter a site? What constitutes a photographic image in terms of authorship or quality? The Traveller project examines borders of private and public grounds, global spread of imagery between irrelevance, information and surveillance, and the aesthetics involved."
This planted the seed for a "real-world" socially engaged art project to organize and gather folks with ties to a particular neighborhood for a series of group webcam portraits and conversation about surveillance in their local community.
But first, how to find these cameras online? It was readily evident to this long-time resident that many of the cameras on insecam were not NYC-based, and those that were listed falsified or removed their specific locations. Depending on the surrounding signage, as in this case however, that would be easy to solve. This would only be applicable to this project if enough unsecured cameras in the same neighborhood were identified. EarthCam posts links to several touristy locations (with sound!), but they are spread around town. Artist James Bridle's #Rorschcam takes advantage of the many more NYC's Department of Transportation cameras.
I decided that while a group shot via webcam is a nice payoff, perhaps it isn't necessarily the point. Perhaps a better place to start is by asking and attempting to answer the following questions together: Are there cameras in my neighborhood and where are they? Are they for public or private use? Does that engender different responses? (Think security or privacy infringement--ah, the privacy paradox on our streets!) What happens when private cameras are pointed into public spaces? If cameras are secured, we could emulate the surveillance shots and take a group selfies from the points of view of the cameras, then posting online to share camera locations with the rest of the community.
Since I spend most of my time on or near NYU's Washington Square campus these days, a quick search of "surveillance cameras around nyu" immediately served up to my delight up the surveillance mapping records of the New York Surveillance Camera Players at notbored.org.
Thanks to SCP, I found links to the now defunct NYC Surveillance Camera Project, an initiative of the New York Civil Liberties Union to map all of Manhattan's cameras, or at least the ones that volunteers could see: "Whether tucked surreptitiously out of the line of vision or small enough to escape detection, we believe many more cameras currently watch our city streets than appear on the map. And numerous others are continually being installed...Our modern panopticon is making prisoners of us all, as we are constantly under the gaze of the camera." Last updated in 2006, they listed 173 cameras in Manhattan's Community Board 2, which includes NYU. A 2011 New York Daily News article mentions that the NYCLU ended the project after realizing that there were just too many to map, with 8,000 cameras counted between 14th Street and the southern tip of island alone.
"...on Washington Place between Mercer St. and Broadway, there are two surveillance cameras outside two adjacent nondescript doors. After I cross to the east side of Broadway, I walk in view of two cameras perched outside the NYU Bookstore at 726 Broadway. About 40 feet north, there are two more cameras outside 730 Broadway, an NYU building housing the student health center. Two additional cameras hang outside the building's second entrance about 30 feet away....On a typical week, I stop by a nearby Bank of America ATM at least twice. A surveillance camera captures me walking inside. After that brief stop, I cross to the west side of Broadway and almost immediately walk into view of two cameras outside the Cozy diner."
Well, now I'm super curious. That was seven years ago. What's the current state, and why don't I think about it? Am I so distracted by the steady stream of images fed to me by my phone that I've forgotten to look up and realize that my own image is being pumped into multiple image conveyor belts to who knows where? Clearly the area is due for an update. Fortunately, the SCP also posts a surveillance camera map-making guide to help anyone get started.
A meetup with neighborhood members to map surveillance cameras on their blocks and converse about their responses to and the implications of video collection in public and private areas. Participants will photograph cameras with embedded location data with their cell phones and group surveillance portraits emulated via selfies to acknowledge and share ownership, if only for a split second, of the gaze of the unseen and unidentified viewers on the other side of the cameras.
Participants will develop an awareness of surveillance cameras in their immediate neighborhood.
Participants will dialogue about ideas of public vs. private, senses of safety vs. privacy, and the role of imagery to support or deny those agendas.
Participants will post camera locations and portraits to a wider audience via online social platforms.
Meet at a neighborhood school, library, or coffee shop (20-30 minutes): Ask participants to share their definitions of public and private spaces and any experiences with installed cameras in those areas. Have installed cameras helped participants to feel safe or encroached on their privacy? Share research above, ask for expectations of the activity's outcomes and discuss any hesitations.
Familiarize the group with various types of cameras.
Consider a system by which to categorize cameras, either by the camera's rotational ability or presumed ownership.
Looking for cameras: Go slow. Be patient, but don't linger. Do one side of the street at time. Look for cameras a eye-level and also perched on the second-floor. Make sure to look at and underneath canopies, doorways, as well as above entrances. At intersections, look up at traffic lights, poles, and lamps.
Mutually agree upon a social platform and hashtag to share camera locations and portraits.
Commence the neighborhood (or block) surveillance scan itself (30-40 minutes): Photograph cameras with enough surrounding visual information so as to easily discern their location and context. Embedding location metadata will also help. Also take a group selfie from the point of view of the camera. Post images.
What did we find? How does it compare with our expectations?
Have our definitions of public and privates spaces changed?
What about feelings of personal security and privacy?
"Whereas for many the word 'social' signifies an interest in explicit forms of political change, for other contemporary artists it refers more autonomously to the aesthetic exploration of time, collectivity, and embodiment as medium and materials....While some social art practice seeks to innovate around the concept of collaboration, others seeks to ironize it. While some social practices seeks to forge social bonds, many others define their artistic radicality by the degree to which they disrupt the social."
Our assignment this week was to create a public space on the internet. I prototyped one of my ideas from last week: a shared canvas for collaborative drawing. I set my goal create a public online page to which multiple people might connect and draw together from randomly generated prompts. To focus the activity, I adapted the prompts from Sol LeWitt's Wall Drawing Instructions.
I heard somewhere on the ITP floor that this might be possible with a communication protocol called web sockets. I found Dan Shiffman's tutorials on the topic, which to my surprise culminated in creating a sketch with a shared drawing canvas--perfect. However, setting up a shared space to for multiple users connect requires programming a server, and the tutorials' example just covered local node server setup and a P5 sketch that only ran on my computer in multiple browser windows. Though it just worked on my machine, I learned about the underlying principles, and it was a great way to start.
"When creating web sockets manually, the hardest part is to create a socket server that listens to any clients connecting and decide what to do with those messages. This requires relatively heavy terminal action to install a node server on your computer and write the code that defines the actions of the server. The good news is: OpenProcessing covers you on this part! Every sketch has a socket server set up already, which echoes (broadcasts) every message to all the other users who are viewing the same sketch at the same time."
OpenProcessing, based on the open source programming language, Processing, is free to use and all sketches are automatically public unless you upgrade your account to a premium membership. Is my sketch actually a public space, though? According to Shiffman, OpenProcessing was created to easily share sketches made in the desktop app, Processing, and all OpenProcessing sketches are immediately published with a Creative Commons license. In the spirit of the greater Processing community, OpenProcessing is yet another wonderful place to learn and share from one another. Because of the welcoming context of the Processing community in which this site originated, it feels like a public park, but in reality it might be closer to privately-owned public space. There are Terms of Service to which I must abide, and if I don't then "...Sinan Ascioglu has the right (though not the obligation) to, in Sinan Ascioglu's sole discretion (i) refuse or remove any content that, in Sinan Ascioglu's reasonable opinion, is in any way harmful or objectionable, or (ii) terminate or deny access to and use of the Website to any individual or entity for any reason, in Sinan Ascioglu's sole discretion." In addition, "Sinan Ascioglu may terminate your access to all or any part of the Website at any time, with or without cause, with or without notice, effective immediately." So yes, I would argue that my sketch is a public space but on a private site maintained by Ascioglu.
*thanks to my fellow peers for these tips!


Anna leads our customer support, software engineering, and research and development teams. With over 20 years of enterprise software development experience, Anna has an established reputation of transforming innovative ideas into customer-ready solutions, managing global teams and supporting high-growth initiatives.
Before joining TITUS, she held a variety of senior roles at IBM where she was a director for the company's business analytics, financial performance management and knowledge management programs. Anna is a board member with the Children's Aid Foundation of Canada and an advisor with Global Affairs Canada.


Construction worker Colin Blevin almost missed work on Monday because his hip pain was bothering him, but it's a good thing he didn't because he wound up saving a toddler's life.
The 44-year-old from San Jose arrived at his construction site at 7a.m., where he found a Honda Accord blocking the entrance. When he asked the driver to move the vehicle, Blevin noticed there was a baby in the back seat.
Something stuck out about the man and the baby in Blevin's mind, so he kept an eye on the pair as he was locking up the job site's gate. His suspicion paid off, because he saw the man allegedly break into a nearby car.
Before Blevin could intervene, a woman living in a trailer nearby approached him with shocking news. The driver had approached her before Blevin arrived and asked her to take the baby from him. "Help me save this baby," she asked Blevin.
The unlikely hero didn't realize it, but his intuition had lead him into a very dangerous situation.
Read how Blevin rescued the baby on the next page!
Blevin had no idea when the situation was unfolding, but there was an AMBER Alertissued for the 1-year old boy in the back seat of the man's car.
The boy's father had left his car running with his child in the back seat while he went inside to get something early that morning. When he came outside again the car was gone, along with his little boy.
At the construction site, the man – later identified as Ray Gutierrez – had told the woman he didn't "know what to do with babies," and tried to hand it off to her. Blevin confronted him, and Gutierrez claimed a woman had given him the car and left him in charge of the toddler.
Blevin trusted his instincts, taking the car seat out and telling Gutierrez "you are not leaving here with the baby." The suspect fled the scene, but cops tracked him down later that day, praising Blevin for his quick thinking.
The little boy is back with his parents now, safe and sound all thanks to Blevin.
Share this story if you think this man is a hero!


James Travis Kuykendall passed away Friday, October 31, 2014 in Longview, Texas. Mr. Kuykendall was born to William Toy and Gladis Wagner Kuykendall on October 3, 1929. Mr. Kuykendall was a longtime employee of Pilgrim's Pride Inc, and served his country during the Korean War.
He is survived by his loving wife of 60 years, Deloris, son Ronald Kuykendall, of Longview, two daughters Debbie Wallis and husband Tommy, of Simpsonville, Texas, and Teresa Huggins and husband John, of Perryville, Texas, and a sister, Bettie Anders, of Houston. He also leaves behind 9 grandchildren, and a host of nieces and nephews.
He was preceded in death by his parents, a brother, CJ Kuykendall, and one son, James Glen Kuykendall.


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Villanueva On His Experiences With Other Teams: 'They Don't Value You As A Person'
It seems to me that it's a widely-held opinion that Pittsburgh Steelers left tackle Alejandro Villanueva is a good interview. The Steelers have already put up a couple of pieces about him via interview segments, and Teresa Varley came at us with another one yesterday.
This time, the former Army Ranger talked about his experiences working with other organizations and how he has found that to differ with what he has experienced during his three seasons in Pittsburgh. Probably not really a spoiler alert, but he sees some pretty substantial differences.
I tend to value Villanueva's views on more macroscopic views pertaining to football because in many ways he is approaching it not just as an outside, but as a person who is experiencing much of it at a more mature stage later on in life.
Everybody reading this already knows by now that he didn't make a team coming out of college. He had a trying as a tight end with the Bengals in 2010 that year he graduated, but he wasn't signed, and he went out for his first deployment after that. A couple of years later, he had another fruitless tryout with the Bears.
Flash forward to 2014 and Villanueva works out at a regional combine. The Eagles take notice of him and give him a chance at defensive end. He makes it through training camp, plays against the Steelers, but doesn't get signed to the 53-man roster. Pittsburgh takes interests and signs him to the practice squad, moving him to tackle. The rest is history.
But boy did that years-long journey shape how he sees things. "It's very hard for me to trust someone when it comes to the NFL", he told Varley, saying that "so many organizations have led me to believe I would make the team and then I got cut". The candidate organizations are limited to three: Cincinnati, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
He saw pretty on that Pittsburgh was different. "This organization is special", in his estimation. He talked about the Steelers' stability and ownership "that is present in everybody's lives", how he would see the Rooneys around the facility or at mass and would always stop to say hello.
"That means a lot", he said. "That means I mean something to the Steelers". More than he meant elsewhere. "In other organizations, they might know who you are. They might have heard of you, but they don't value you as a person".
The Steelers, he said, "care about me not as a veteran, not as a football player, not as an MBA candidate. They care about me as a person". I can't tell you how many times it's talked about how the Rooneys run their team as a family, but that's really where everything starts.
"Once you have that trust in the organization", Villanueva said, "the organization tries to get the best out of you and that is what they are doing". And that inspires players to give their best to the organization, to their second family.
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