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Alkilzy, Mohammad (1)
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Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung (2)
Aging; Animal Model; Recovery; Pathology; (1)
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Institut für Physik (7)
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Classical and Hybrid Modeling of Gene Regulatory Networks (2009)
Zeiser Stefan,
We present classical and hybrid modeling approaches for genetic regulatory networks focusing on promoter analysis for negatively and positively autoregulated networks. The main aim of this thesis is to introduce an alternative mathematical approach to model gene regulatory networks based on piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMP). During somitogenesis, a process describing the early segmentation in vertebrates, molecular oscillators play a crucial role as part of a segmentation clock. In mice, these oscillators are called Hes1 and Hes7 and are commonly modeled by a system of two delay differential equations including a Hill function, which describes gene repression by their own gene products. The Hill coefficient, which is a measure of nonlinearity of the binding processes in the promoter, is assumed to be equal to two, based on the fact that Hes1 and Hes7 form dimers.However, by standard arguments applied to binding analysis, we show that a higher Hill coefficient is reasonable. This leads to results different from those in literature which requires a more sophisticated model. For the Hes7 oscillator we present a system of ordinary differential equations including a Michaelis-Menten term describing a nonlinear degradation of the proteins by the ubiquitinpathway. As demonstrated by the Hes1 and Hes7 oscillator, promoter behavior can have strong influence on the dynamical behavior of genetic networks. Since purely deterministic systems cannot reveal phenomenons caused by the inherent random fluctuations, we propose a novel approach based on PDMPs. Such models allow to model binding processes of transcription factors to binding sites in a promoter as random processes, where all other processes like synthesis, degradation or dimerization of the gene products are modeled in deterministic manner. We present and discuss a simulation algorithm for PDMPs and apply it to three types of genetic networks: an unregulated gene, a toggle switch, and a positively autoregulated network. The different regulation characteristics are analyzed and compared by numerical means. Furthermore, we determine analytical solutions of the stationary distributions of one negatively, and three positively autoregulated networks. Based on these results, we analyze attenuation of noise in a negative feedback loop, and the question of graded or binary response in autocatalytic networks.
Establishment and application of non-2-D gel-based techniques for identification and quantification of challenging protein classes in Gram-positive bacteria (2009)
Wolff, Susanne
The introduction of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) enabled the separation and visualization of a substantial fraction of an organism's entire proteome, and when mass spectrometry entered protein science, these proteins became even amenable to identification on a grand scale. Nevertheless, important classes of proteins elude a separation on classical 2 D gels, as the ones showing extremes in isoelectric point or molecular weight, and foremost very hydrophobic proteins naturally embedded in lipid membranes. This thesis aimed at the establishment and adaptation of alternatives to 2-D PAGE. New techniques allowing for an identification and quantification of critical protein classes were designed and adopted to physiological questions in the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. In a comprehensive study on cytoplasmic proteins of S. aureus COL the number of proteins identified by a 2-D gel based approach could be extended by 650 proteins employing gel free technologies. Application of these complementary methods resulted in the establishment of a comprehensive reference map of the cytosolic proteome in growing and non-growing S. aureus cells which can serve as basis for further physiological investigations. Gel free separation of complex protein digests was likewise used in a quantitative study on heat stress in B. subtilis. By implementation of the iTRAQ® technology four different physiological states could be relatively quantified in one experiment. A parallel generation of 2-D gel based data enabled the depiction of strengths and weaknesses of protein quantitation by both, spot intensities on 2-D gels and iTRAQ® signal intensities in MS/MS spectra. Furthermore, new insights into heat sensitivity of pivotal enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis could be delivered. The institution of gel free approaches and advancements in 2-D PAGE provide the tools to penetrate into yet unamenable scopes of proteomes. A review on proteome coverage in B. subtilis gives an overview on the strategies which have been explored for most comprehensive protein identification in various sub-proteomes. Although more than one third of B. subtilis' open reading frames could be demonstrated on protein level, one has to be aware of the fact that it still is a long way to achieve complete coverage of its proteome. Integral membrane proteins make up about one quarter of the entirety of proteins in a cell. Despite their large portion they are clearly understudied due to the intricacy of identification. Their low abundance and non-accessibility of membrane-spanning domains represent major experimental difficulties. The establishment of a protocol efficiently depleting cytosolic proteins by membrane shaving and targeting trans-membrane peptides by novel digestion strategies essentially facilitated identification of highly hydrophobic integral membrane proteins. This protocol was not only successfully applied to the membrane proteome of growing S. aureus cells, but was shown to be applicable in B. subtilis as well. Both studies displayed the novel membrane shaving approach to be highly complementary to a previously established separation of membrane proteins via 1 D PAGE. A combination of the two techniques resulted in identification of about half of the theoretical membrane proteome in both bacteria, and hence layed the foundation for advanced and quantitative analyses. In this regard, 14N/15N metabolically labeled membrane samples of growing and non-growing cells of S. aureus COL were relatively quantified revealing a significant difference in amount for more than one third of the proteins. A corresponding experimental setup was used to compare the membrane proteomes of S. aureus SA113 and its mutant deficient in the lysylphosphatidylglycerol synthetase MprF. Interesting quantitative differences were obtained for proteins most likely involved in the regulation of cellular surface net charge as well as for virulence-associated proteins.
New Enhanced Sensitivity Infrared Laser Spectroscopy Techniques Applied to Reactive Plasmas and Trace Gas Detection (2009)
Welzel, Stefan
Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) employing both tuneable diode and quantum cascade lasers (TDLs, QCLs) has been applied with both high sensitivity and high time resolution to plasma diagnostics and trace gas measurements. TDLAS combined with a conventional White type multiple pass cell was used to detect up to 13 constituent molecular species in low pressure Ar/H2/N2/O2 and Ar/CH4/N2/O2 microwave discharges, among them the main products such as H2O, NH3, NO and CO, HCN respectively. The hydroxyl radical has been measured in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral range in-situ in both plasmas yielding number densities of between 1011 ... 1012 cm-3. Strong indications of surface dominated formation of either NH3 or N2O and NO were found in the H2-N2-O2 system. In methane containing plasmas a transition between deposition and etching conditions and generally an incomplete oxidation of the precursor were observed. The application of QCLs for IRLAS under low pressure conditions employing the most common tuning approaches has been investigated in detail. A new method of analysing absorption features quantitatively when the rapid passage effect is present is proposed. If power saturation is negligible, integrating the undisturbed half of the line profile yields accurate number densities without calibrating the system. By means of a time resolved analysis of individual chirped QCL pulses the main reasons for increased effective laser line widths could be identified. Apart from the well-known frequency down chirp non-linear absorption phenomena and bandwidth limitations of the detection system may significantly degrade the performance and accuracy of inter pulse spectrometers. The minimum analogue bandwidth of the entire system should normally not fall below 250 MHz. QCLAS using pulsed lasers has been used for highly time resolved measurements in reactive plasmas for the first time enabling a time resolution down to about 100 ns to be achieved. A temperature increase of typically less than 50 K has been established for pulsed DC discharges containing Ar/N2 and traces of NO. The main NO production and depletion reactions have been identified from a comparison of model calculations and time resolved measurements in plasma pulses of up to 100 ms. Considerable NO struction is observed after 5 ... 10 ms due to the impact of N atoms. Finally, thermoelectrically cooled pulsed and continuous wave (cw) QCLs have been employed for high finesse cavity absorption spectroscopy in the MIR. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been performed with pulsed QCLs and was found to be limited by the intrinsic frequency chirp of the laser suppressing an efficient intensity build-up inside the cavity. Consequently the accuracy and advantage of an absolute internal absorption calibration is not achievable. A room temperature cw QCL was used in a complementary cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) configuration which was equipped with different cavities of up to ~ 1.3 m length. This spectrometer yielded path lengths of up to 4 km and a noise equivalent absorption down to 4 x 10-8 cm-1Hz-1/2. The corresponding molecular concentration detection limit (e.g. for CH4, N2O and C2H2 at 1303 cm-1/7.66 μm) was generally below 1 x 1010 cm-3 for 1 s integration times and one order of magnitude less for 30 s integration times. The main limiting factor for achieving even higher sensitivity is the residual mode noise of the cavity. Employing a ~ 0.5 m long cavity the achieved sensitivity was good enough for the selective measurement of trace atmospheric constituents at 2.2 mbar. (A paperback version is published by Logos under ISBN 978-3-8325-2345-9.)
Late Cretaceous to Miocene tectonic reconstruction of the northwestern Caribbean - regional analysis of Cuban geology (2009)
Sommer, Max
The Caribbean is a geologically complex region with several different plate boundary interactions. Geodynamic reconstructions of the northwestern Caribbean region have been particularly controversial in terms of the number of arcs, subduction polarity, and timing of collision. This thesis develops a refined tectonic reconstruction for the northwestern Caribbean based on a review of geological data of Cuba and a regional analysis within the northwestern Caribbean context. With regard to plausibility, significant emphasis was put on the degree and qualitiy of visualization. Three crustal sections across key areas in western, central, and eastern Cuba have been constructed in order to conduct an evolutionary interpretation in three dimensions. Western and central Cuba constitute an orogenic belt resulting from the collision of a mid- to Late Cretaceous volcanic arc - the "Great Caribbean Arc" - with the southern paleomargin of North America. The collision process apparently started in the Campanian, but major north- to northeast-directed thrusting processes at the southern Bahamas margin culminated during the Paleocene. A continous southwest-dipping polarity of the "Great Caribbean Arc", at least from the Aptian-Albian, can be infered from (1) its Late Cretaceous approach towards the North American margin, (2) the magnitude of top to the north directed tectonic transport in the Cuba orogenic belt, and (3) the internal structures of the metamorphic fore-arc assemblages and their evolution on the north side of the arc. An Early Cretaceous southwest-dipping origin of the "Great Caribbean Arc" along the northern fringe of the Chortís Block appears to be in all probability. This concept provides a link between (1) middle Late Cretaceous collision processes along the Matagua suture zone, (2) the Turonian termination of "Great Caribbean Arc"-activity on Jamaica, and (3) the late Campanian onset of collision in the Cuba orogenic belt. The collision of the "Great Caribbean Arc" with the Bahamas margin hampered relative northward motion of the Caribbean Plate from the late Campanian onward. Continued northward push finally resulted in the commencement of north-dipping subduction. Late Cretaceous commencement of north-dipping subduction was accompanied by superposition of oceanic crust and large-scale north-directed gravity sliding on the upper plate, as documented by ophiolitic slide-masses and Maastrichtian olistostromes in eastern Cuba (Nipe - Cristal and Moa Baracoa ophiolite massifs) as well as on Jamaica (ophiolites of the Bath-Dunrobin Complex) and the southern peninsula of Hispaniola. Progress of north-dipping subduction was responsible for the emergence of a Paleocene to Middle Eocene volcanic arc which spanned the northwestern Caribbean along the southern boundary of the Yucatán Basin while the Chortís Block and the Nicaragua Rise were still in a paleoposition to the south of the Maya Block. North-dipping subduction and the associated volcanic arc isolated the Yucatán Basin from its original affiliation to the Caribbean Plate. Relative northward motion of the Caribbean Plate and activity of the Paleogene volcanic arc stopped after the Eocene arrival of thickened oceanic crust of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province at the north-dipping subduction zone. After the late Early Eocene commencement of spreading at the Mid-Cayman Rise, North America - Caribbean relative motion was taken up along the sinistral Oriente Fault with estimated amounts of 800 to 1000 km offset since the Middle Eocene. This transform margin dissmembered the northwestern Caribbean extend of the Paleocene to Middle Eocene volcanic arc. Its eastern bend was uncoupled in the course of this process and may be represented by the Aves Ridge. South-central Hispaniola can be restored to a Middle Eocene position to the south of eastern Cuba, which accounts for an approximate Cenozoic displacement of 200 to 300 km. Therefore, most of the western prolongation of the Oriente Fault must be accommodated at the northern bounding-faults of the southern peninsula of Hispaniola. The proposed synthesis is in clear accordance with the paradigm of plate tectonics, corroborating its capability to incorporate even a complex region like the Caribbean.
Discovery of novel Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases and their application in organic synthesis. (2009)
Rehdorf, Jessica
The application of BVMOs in kinetic resolution is a versatile alternative for the synthesis of optically pure esters. Within this thesis BVMOs proved to be highly active against a broad range of linear and aryl aliphatic ketones yielding a variety of enantiopure products. Among the beta-hydroxy ketones several CHMOs and BVMOPsfl showed the best results (E > 100), whereas the application of the latter enzyme also allowed access to the abnormal esters (regioisomeric excess > 40%). Interestingly, some enzymes showed a reduced activity and selectivity with a growing chain length of the ketone, suggesting that middle-chain ketones (C8-C10) might be preferred. Moreover, the production of optically pure 1,2-diols was observed (yields 8-50%), resulting from an in vivo hydrolysis of the 2-hydroxy alkyl acetates. Regarding the N-protected beta-amino ketones, results were different. While the majority of CHMOs catalyzed linear substrates showing high enantioselectivities (for CHMOBrevi1 and CHMOBrachy E > 100, c = 40-50%), BVMOPsfl did not convert nitrogen bearing linear ketones, although this might also be justified with the methylcarbamate protecting group. Interestingly, the number of BVMOs catalyzing oxidation of spatially more demanding linear branched beta-amino ketones was greatly reduced, indicating steric hindrance that was also combined with a decrease in selectivity. Similar to the observation for beta-hydroxy ketones, also the 2 amino alkyl acetates hydrolyzed furnishing 2-amino alcohols (yields 9-52%). Moreover, hydrolysis of the "abnormal" esters allowed an alternative access to valuable native and non-native β-amino acids. In a two step process, using CDMO from R. ruber and CAL-B, it was possible to generate N-protected (+)-beta-leucine. During kinetic resolutions of aryl aliphatic ketones it was observed that the highest enantio¬selectivities could be achieved utilizing HAPMOJD1, HAPMOACB and PAMO, enzymes typically preferring aromatic substrates. Biotransformation with 3-phenyl-2-butanone revealed an E-value > 100 for HAPMOJD1 (S-selective). Nevertheless, also BVMOPsfl converted this sub¬strate (E = 43), and also CHMOAcineto and CPMO oxidized it, although selectivity was rather low (E < 5). Interestingly, BVMOKT2440 was the only examined enzyme showing R selectivity (E = 13). Additionally, increasing the scale and performing biotransformation in a baffled flask could increase enantioselectivity of BVMOPsfl from E = 43 to 82. The discovery of novel enzymes with diverse properties is still a main goal of the biotechnological industry. Within these studies, two BVMOs (BVMOKT2440 and HAPMOJD1) could be successfully amplified from genomic DNA using different PCR-methods. Then, expression in E. coli was optimized, revealing that the reduction of expression temperature, implementation of E. coli JM109 or RosettaTM (DE3), possessing the pRARE plasmid to facilitate translation of rare codons in the latter case, and/or co-expression of chaperones (pGro7: GroEL/ES-familiy) could increase the amount of soluble and active protein. Both enzymes were subjected to biocatalysis and it was found that BVMOKT2440 preferentially oxidized linear ketones, while HAPMOJD1 dominantly converted aryl aliphatic ketones. The latter enzyme could be purified by anion exchange and affinity chromatography allowing examination of kinetic parameters. Thereby, HAPMOJD1 displayed lowest KM-values for acetophenone derivatives bearing their substituent in para-position (KM < 320 µM). Moreover, also aldehydes and heteroaromatic compounds were oxidized and also sulfoxidation was observed. Interestingly it was found, that both BVMO genes are located in the direct neighborhood of a dehydrogenase and a hydrolase. This led to the suggestion that these enzymes may be metabolically connected in the degradation of their natural substrate.
Molekulare Grundlagen der Neurorehabilitation nach einem Schlaganfall bei alten Ratten (2009)
Petcu, Eugen Bogdan
Age-related brain injuries including stroke, are a major cause of physical and mental disabilities. Therefore studying the basic mechanism underlying functional recovery after brain stroke in middle aged subjected it is of considerable clinical interest. Data from our lab and elsewhere indicate that, behaviorally, middle aged rats were more severely impaired by stroke than were young rats, and they also showed diminished functional recovery. Infarct volume did not differ significantly in young and middle aged animals, but critical differences were apparent in the cytological response to stroke, most notably an age-related acceleration of the establishment of the glial scar. The early infarct in older rats is associated with a premature accumulation of BrdU-positive microglia and astrocytes, persistence of activated oligodendrocytes, a high incidence of neuronal degeneration, and accelerated apoptosis. In middle aged rats, neuroepithelial-positive cells were rapidly incorporated into the glial scar, but these neuroepithelial-like cells did not make a significant contribution to neurogenesis in the infarcted cortex in young or middle aged animals. Stroke is accompanied by a strong inflammatory reaction in the brain. We hypothesized that a mild systemic inflammatory reaction as caused by periodontal disease prior to stroke onset, may exert a neuroprotective effect in a rat model of focal ischemia. To test this hypothesis, marginal periodontitis was induced in BB/LL Wistar rats for 3 weeks. Two weeks after periodontitis initiation, focal cerebral ischemia was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. After a survival time of 7 days after ischemia, rat brains were analyzed. In addition, markers of systemic inflammation were determined in a different group of laboratory animals at 14 days after the onset of periodontitis. We found that rats with a mild systemic inflammation had a significantly reduced infarct volume and a significant reduction in the number of brain macrophages in the infarcted area. Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that the middle aged brain has the capability to mount a cytoproliferative response to injury, but the timing of the cellular and genetic response to cerebral insult is deregulated in middle aged animals, thereby further compromising functional recovery. In addition we found that that mild systemic inflammation elicited prior to stroke onset may have a neuroprotective effect in rats by reducing the infarct volume and tissue destruction by brain macrophages.
Effect of surgical intervention on the activation status of circulating monocytes and T-cells (2009)
Kumar, Subramanian Suresh
Major surgery causes alterations in immune function which results in immune suppression in post surgical patients. Deactivation of monocytes in these patients is characterised by the reduced ability of these cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines on stimulation with LPS in vitro and by markedly reduced HLA-DR expression. Immune suppression in patients with systemic inflammation has also been associated with a high level of apoptosis in both the circulating T and B cell populations. In addition post surgical T cells have a reduced capacity to proliferate ex vivo in response to co-ligation of the T cell receptor and CD-28. Considering these impairments of immune system, this study aimed to define the extent of immune modulation in both innate and adaptive system in a cohort of surgical patients. Measurment of the level of HLA-DR expression of monocytes in these patients showed a considerable change in monocyte phenotype in the immediate post operative period. In line with previous work, all patients showed a considerable reduction in monocytic surface HLA-DR expression which persisted for many hours and those who had post surgical septic complications showed the most severe reduction. Importantly, patients with minor surgical intervention also exhibited decreased HLA-DR expression. Gene expression analysis of monocyte in these patients showed the up-regulated transcripts of genes involved in extravasation and realignment of the cytoskeleton. Analysis of periperal T cell demonstrated a significant reduction in their number in the circulation and a sharp raise in the number of apoptotic T –cells in the immediate post surgical period. Microarray analysis of T cells from patients who developed sepsis and patients with an uneventful recovery within the post-operative period (3 days) showed a substantial reduction in the transcriptional activity of many genes in both groups. However, this down regulation of T cell transcriptional activity appears to be a rather broad and non specific effect since it is not restricted to particular functional pathways. Real time PCR analysis of both the CD4+ and CD8+ populations using selected down-regulated genes showed that the change in transcriptional profile is equally evident both in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. The cause of this transient immune depression following surgery remains to be established and it may represent an important enabling factor which contributes to the development of post surgical infections and inflammatory complications.
HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SOLIFUGES - Comparative studies of organ systems of solifuges (Arachnida, Solifugae) with special focus on functional analyses and phylogenetic interpretations (2009)
Klann, Anja Elisabeth
Solifuges (Solifugae, Arachnida) are an important element of the fauna especially in arid and desert environments. Unfortunately, this animal group has only been extremely poorly studied not only in terms of morphology, but also ecology, physiology, systematics and phylogeny. The present study aimed to provide a detailed overview of their anatomy and ultrastructure. Representatives of these peculiar animals were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy in order to gain new insights in their functional morphology and also to evaluate potential characters for their systematic and future phylogenetic studies. The histology and ultrastructure of the following organ systems have been investigated: tarsal structures, sensory structures and nervous system, coxal glands, alimentary system, respiratory system, circulatory system and reproductive systems. Additionally, a camel spider in Baltic amber was described, representing the second known specimen of fossil Solifugae in Baltic amber. Further on, the entire mitochondrial genome of Nothopuga sp. was sequenced for comparison with other solifuges and chelicerates in order to reveal changes in their gene order.
Kinetic Simulations of Dusty Plasmas (2009)
Ikkurthi, Venkata Ramana
This thesis constitutes a computational study of charge and ion drag force on micron-sized dust particles immersed in rf discharges. Knowledge of dust parameters like dust charge, floating potential, shielding and ion drag force is very crucial for explaining complex laboratory dusty plasma phenomena, such as void formation in microgravity experiments and wakefield formation in the sheaths. Existing theoretical models assume standard distribution functions for plasma species and are applicable over a limited range of flow velocities and collisionality. Kinetic simulations are suitable tools for studying dust charging and drag force computation. The main aim of this thesis is to perform three dimensional simulations using a Particle-Particle-Particle-Mesh ($P^3M$) model to understand how the dust parameters vary for different positions of dust in rf discharges and how these parameters on a dust evolve in the presence of neighboring dust particles. At first, rf discharges in argon have been modelled using a three-dimensional PIC-MCC code for the discharge conditions relevant to the dusty plasma experiments. All necessary elastic and inelastic collisions have been considered. The plasma background is found collisional, charge-exchange collisions between ions and neutrals being dominant. Electron and ion distributions are non-Maxwellian. The dominant heating mechanism is Ohmic. Then, simulations have been done to compute the dust parameters for various sizes of dust located at different positions in the rf discharges. Dust charge and floating potential in the presheath are slightly larger than the values in the bulk due to the higher electron flux to the dust particle in the presheath. From presheath to the sheath the charge and floating potential values decrease due to the decrease of the electron current to the dust. A linear dependence of dust potential on dust size has been found, which results in a nonlinear dependence of the dust charge with the dust size when the particle is assumed to be a spherical capacitor. This has been verified by independently counting the charges collected by the dust. %where indeed it has been noted that the dust charge %scales nonlinearly with the dust size. The computed dust parameters are also compared with theoretical models. Simulated dust floating potentials are comparable to values obtained from Allen-Boyd-Reynolds (ABR) and Khrapak models, but much smaller than the values obtained from Orbit Motion Limited (OML) model. The dust potential distribution behaves Debye-H\"{u}ckel-like. The shielding lengths are in between ion and electron Debye lengths. % indicating shielding by both ions and electrons. Further, the orbital drag force is typically larger than the collection drag force. The total drag force for the collisional case is larger than for the collisionless case and it scales nonlinearly with the dust size. The collection drag values and size-scaling agrees with Zobnin's model. The charging and drag force computation is then extended to two and multiple static dust particles in the rf discharge to study the influence of neighboring dust particles on the dust parameters. Initially, the dust parameters on two dust particles are computed for various interparticle separation distances and for dust particles placed at different locations in the rf discharge. It is observed that for dust separations larger than the shielding length the dust parameters for the two dust particles match with the single dust particle values. As the dust separation is equal to or less than the shielding length the ion drag force increases due to the buildup of a parallel drag force component. However, the main dust properties like charge, potential, vertical component of ion drag are not affected considerably. This is attributed to the smaller collection impact parameter values compared to the dust separation. %This is because the %collection impact parameter values in the sheath and the presheath are smaller %than the smallest dust separation and in case of the dust in the bulk, the %collection impact parameter is comparable with the dust separation. Then the dust charges on multiple dust particles located at different positions in the discharge and arranged along the discharge axis are also computed. It is found that the charges of the multiple dust particles in the bulk or presheath do not differ much from the single particle values at that location. But the dust charges of multiple dust particles located in the sheath drastically differ from the single dust parameter values. Due to ion focusing from dust particles in the upper layers, the ion current increases to dust particles in the lower layers resulting in smaller charge values. This is as well the case where dust particles are vertically aligned as in the standard experiments of dusty plasmas. In conclusion, this work used a fully kinetic (PIC and MD or $P^3M$) model to study the physics of dust charging in rf plasmas. Our simulations revealed that the dust parameters vary considerably from the bulk to the sheath. The CX collisions increase flux to the dust thereby affecting the dust parameters and their scaling with dust size. Also, a dust particle affects the charging dynamics of its neighbor only when their separation is within the shielding length. In the plasma sheath, ion focussing can cause great reduction in dust charges.


text:
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <fstream>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include "re2/re2.h"
#include "tensorflow/lite/testing/parse_testdata.h"
#include "tensorflow/lite/testing/tflite_driver.h"
#include "tensorflow/lite/testing/util.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/status_test_util.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/env.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/subprocess.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/util/command_line_flags.h"

namespace tflite {
namespace testing {

namespace {
bool FLAGS_ignore_known_bugs = true;
// As archive file names are test-specific, no default is possible.
//
// This test supports input as both zip and tar, as a stock android image does
// not have unzip but does have tar.
string* FLAGS_zip_file_path = new string;
string* FLAGS_tar_file_path = new string;
#ifndef __ANDROID__
string* FLAGS_unzip_binary_path = new string("/usr/bin/unzip");
string* FLAGS_tar_binary_path = new string("/bin/tar");
#else
string* FLAGS_unzip_binary_path = new string("/system/bin/unzip");
string* FLAGS_tar_binary_path = new string("/system/bin/tar");
#endif
bool FLAGS_use_nnapi = false;
bool FLAGS_ignore_unsupported_nnapi = false;
}  // namespace

// TensorFlow system environment for file system called.
tensorflow::Env* env = tensorflow::Env::Default();

// List of tests that are expected to fail when
//   --test_arg=--ignore_known_bugs=false
// Key is a substring of the test name and value is a bug number.
// TODO(ahentz): make sure we clean this list up frequently.
std::map<string, string> kBrokenTests = {
    // L2Norm only supports tensors with 4D or fewer.
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=.*,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[.,.,.,.,.*\])", "67963684"},

    // SpaceToBatchND only supports 4D tensors.
    {R"(^\/space_to_batch_nd.*input_shape=\[1,4,4,4,1,1\])", "70848787"},

    // L2Norm only works for dim=-1.
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=-2,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[.,.\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=0,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[.,.\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=-2,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[3,15,14,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=-2,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[1,3,4,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=2,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[3,15,14,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=2,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[1,3,4,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=0,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[3,15,14,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=0,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[1,3,4,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=1,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[3,15,14,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=1,epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[1,3,4,3\])", "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=\[2,3\],epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[3,15,14,3\])",
     "67963812"},
    {R"(^\/l2norm_dim=\[2,3\],epsilon=.*,input_shape=\[1,3,4,3\])", "67963812"},

    // ResizeBilinear looks completely incompatible with Tensorflow
    {R"(^\/resize_bilinear.*dtype=tf.int32)", "72401107"},

    // Transpose only supports 1D-4D input tensors.
    {R"(^\/transpose.*input_shape=\[.,.,.,.,.\])", "71545879"},

    // No Support for float.
    {R"(^\/floor_div.*dtype=tf\.float32)", "112859002"},

    // Relu does not support int32.
    // These test cases appends a Relu after the tested ops when
    // activation=True. The tests are failing since Relu doesn't support int32.
    {R"(^\/div.*activation=True.*dtype=tf\.int32)", "112968789"},
    {R"(^\/floor_div.*activation=True.*dtype=tf\.int32)", "112968789"},
    {R"(^\/floor_mod.*activation=True.*dtype=tf\.int32)", "112968789"},
    {R"(^\/floor_mod.*activation=True.*dtype=tf\.int64)", "112968789"},

    {R"(^\/sub.*dtype=tf\.int64)", "119126484"},
    {R"(^\/div.*dtype=tf\.int64)", "119126484"},
    {R"(^\/mul.*dtype=tf\.int64)", "119126484"},
    {R"(^\/add.*dtype=tf\.int64)", "119126484"},
    {R"(^\/floor_div.*dtype=tf\.int64)", "119126484"},
    {R"(^\/squared_difference.*dtype=tf\.int64)", "119126484"},

    // Strided Slice chooses the wrong dimension.
    {R"(^\/strided_slice_buggy)", "119786029"},
};

// Additional list of tests that are expected to fail when
//   --test_arg=--ignore_known_bugs=false
// and
//   --test_arg=--use_nnapi=true
// Note that issues related to lack of NNAPI support for a particular op are
// handled separately; this list is specifically for broken cases where
// execution produces broken output.
// Key is a substring of the test name and value is a bug number.
std::map<string, string> kBrokenNnapiTests = {
    // Certain NNAPI kernels silently fail with int32 types.
    {R"(^\/add.*dtype=tf\.int32)", "122987564"},
    {R"(^\/concat.*dtype=tf\.int32)", "122987564"},
    {R"(^\/mul.*dtype=tf\.int32)", "122987564"},
    {R"(^\/space_to_depth.*dtype=tf\.int32)", "122987564"},

    // Certain NNAPI fully_connected shape permutations fail.
    {R"(^\/fully_connected_constant_filter=True.*shape1=\[3,3\])", "122987564"},
    {R"(^\/fully_connected_constant_filter=True.*shape1=\[4,4\])", "122987564"},
    {R"(^\/fully_connected.*shape1=\[3,3\].*transpose_b=True)", "122987564"},
    {R"(^\/fully_connected.*shape1=\[4,4\].*shape2=\[4,1\])", "122987564"},
};

// Allows test data to be unarchived into a temporary directory and makes
// sure those temporary directories are removed later.
class ArchiveEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
 public:
  ~ArchiveEnvironment() override {}

  // Delete all temporary directories on teardown.
  void TearDown() override {
    for (const auto& dir : temporary_directories_) {
      tensorflow::int64 undeleted_dirs, undeleted_files;
      TF_CHECK_OK(
          env->DeleteRecursively(dir, &undeleted_dirs, &undeleted_files));
    }
    temporary_directories_.clear();
  }

  // Unarchive `archive` file into a new temporary directory  `out_dir`.
  tensorflow::Status UnArchive(const string& zip, const string& tar,
                               string* out_dir) {
    string dir;
    TF_CHECK_OK(MakeTemporaryDirectory(&dir));
    tensorflow::SubProcess proc;
    if (!zip.empty()) {
      string unzip_binary = *FLAGS_unzip_binary_path;
      TF_CHECK_OK(env->FileExists(unzip_binary));
      TF_CHECK_OK(env->FileExists(zip));
      proc.SetProgram(unzip_binary, {"unzip", "-d", dir, zip});
    } else {
      string tar_binary = *FLAGS_tar_binary_path;
      TF_CHECK_OK(env->FileExists(tar_binary));
      TF_CHECK_OK(env->FileExists(tar));
      // 'o' needs to be explicitly set on Android so that
      // untarring works as non-root (otherwise tries to chown
      // files, which fails)
      proc.SetProgram(tar_binary, {"tar", "xfo", tar, "-C", dir});
    }
    proc.SetChannelAction(tensorflow::CHAN_STDOUT, tensorflow::ACTION_PIPE);
    proc.SetChannelAction(tensorflow::CHAN_STDERR, tensorflow::ACTION_PIPE);
    if (!proc.Start())
      return tensorflow::Status(tensorflow::error::UNKNOWN,
                                "unzip couldn't start");
    string out, err;
    int status = proc.Communicate(nullptr, &out, &err);
    if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
      *out_dir = dir;
      return tensorflow::Status::OK();
    } else {
      return tensorflow::Status(tensorflow::error::UNKNOWN,
                                "unzip failed. "
                                "stdout:\n" +
                                    out + "\nstderr:\n" + err);
    }
  }

 private:
  // Make a temporary directory and return its name in `temporary`.
  tensorflow::Status MakeTemporaryDirectory(string* temporary) {
    if (env->LocalTempFilename(temporary)) {
      TF_CHECK_OK(env->CreateDir(*temporary));
      temporary_directories_.push_back(*temporary);
      return tensorflow::Status::OK();
    }
    return tensorflow::Status(tensorflow::error::UNKNOWN,
                              "make temporary directory failed");
  }

  std::vector<string> temporary_directories_;
};

// Return the singleton archive_environment.
ArchiveEnvironment* archive_environment() {
  static ArchiveEnvironment* env = new ArchiveEnvironment;
  return env;
}

// Read the manifest.txt out of the unarchived archive file. Specifically
// `original_file` is the original zip file for error messages. `dir` is
// the temporary directory where the archive file has been unarchived and
// `test_paths` is the list of test prefixes that were in the manifest.
// Note, it is an error for a manifest to contain no tests.
tensorflow::Status ReadManifest(const string& original_file, const string& dir,
                                std::vector<string>* test_paths) {
  // Read the newline delimited list of entries in the manifest.
  std::ifstream manifest_fp(dir + "/manifest.txt");
  string manifest((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(manifest_fp)),
                  std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
  size_t pos = 0;
  int added = 0;
  while (true) {
    size_t end_pos = manifest.find("\n", pos);
    if (end_pos == string::npos) break;
    string filename = manifest.substr(pos, end_pos - pos);
    test_paths->push_back(dir + "/" + filename);
    pos = end_pos + 1;
    added += 1;
  }
  if (!added) {
    string message = "Test had no examples: " + original_file;
    return tensorflow::Status(tensorflow::error::UNKNOWN, message);
  }
  return tensorflow::Status::OK();
}

// Get a list of tests from either zip or tar file
std::vector<string> UnarchiveAndFindTestNames(const string& zip_file,
                                              const string& tar_file) {
  if (zip_file.empty() && tar_file.empty()) {
    TF_CHECK_OK(tensorflow::Status(tensorflow::error::UNKNOWN,
                                   "Neither zip_file nor tar_file was given"));
  }
  string decompress_tmp_dir;
  TF_CHECK_OK(archive_environment()->UnArchive(zip_file, tar_file,
                                               &decompress_tmp_dir));
  std::vector<string> stuff;
  if (!zip_file.empty()) {
    TF_CHECK_OK(ReadManifest(zip_file, decompress_tmp_dir, &stuff));
  } else {
    TF_CHECK_OK(ReadManifest(tar_file, decompress_tmp_dir, &stuff));
  }
  return stuff;
}

class OpsTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<string> {};

TEST_P(OpsTest, RunZipTests) {
  string test_path = GetParam();
  string tflite_test_case = test_path + "_tests.txt";
  string tflite_dir = test_path.substr(0, test_path.find_last_of("/"));
  string test_name = test_path.substr(test_path.find_last_of('/'));

  std::ifstream tflite_stream(tflite_test_case);
  ASSERT_TRUE(tflite_stream.is_open()) << tflite_test_case;
  tflite::testing::TfLiteDriver test_driver(FLAGS_use_nnapi);
  test_driver.SetModelBaseDir(tflite_dir);

  auto broken_tests = kBrokenTests;
  if (FLAGS_use_nnapi) {
    broken_tests.insert(kBrokenNnapiTests.begin(), kBrokenNnapiTests.end());
  }

  string bug_number;
  for (const auto& p : broken_tests) {
    if (RE2::PartialMatch(test_name, p.first)) {
      bug_number = p.second;
    }
  }

  bool result = tflite::testing::ParseAndRunTests(&tflite_stream, &test_driver);
  string message = test_driver.GetErrorMessage();
  if (bug_number.empty()) {
    if (FLAGS_use_nnapi && FLAGS_ignore_unsupported_nnapi && !result) {
      EXPECT_EQ(message, string("Failed to invoke interpreter")) << message;
    } else {
      EXPECT_TRUE(result) << message;
    }
  } else {
    if (FLAGS_ignore_known_bugs) {
      EXPECT_FALSE(result) << "Test was expected to fail but is now passing; "
                              "you can mark http://b/"
                           << bug_number << " as fixed! Yay!";
    } else {
      EXPECT_TRUE(result) << message << ": Possibly due to http://b/"
                          << bug_number;
    }
  }
}

struct ZipPathParamName {
  template <class ParamType>
  string operator()(const ::testing::TestParamInfo<ParamType>& info) const {
    string param_name = info.param;
    size_t last_slash = param_name.find_last_of("\\/");
    if (last_slash != string::npos) {
      param_name = param_name.substr(last_slash);
    }
    for (size_t index = 0; index < param_name.size(); ++index) {
      if (!isalnum(param_name[index]) && param_name[index] != '_')
        param_name[index] = '_';
    }
    return param_name;
  }
};

INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(tests, OpsTest,
                        ::testing::ValuesIn(UnarchiveAndFindTestNames(
                            *FLAGS_zip_file_path, *FLAGS_tar_file_path)),
                        ZipPathParamName());

}  // namespace testing
}  // namespace tflite

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(tflite::testing::archive_environment());

  std::vector<tensorflow::Flag> flags = {
      tensorflow::Flag(
          "ignore_known_bugs", &tflite::testing::FLAGS_ignore_known_bugs,
          "If a particular model is affected by a known bug, the "
          "corresponding test should expect the outputs to not match."),
      tensorflow::Flag(
          "tar_file_path", tflite::testing::FLAGS_tar_file_path,
          "Required (or zip_file_path): Location of the test tar file."),
      tensorflow::Flag(
          "zip_file_path", tflite::testing::FLAGS_zip_file_path,
          "Required (or tar_file_path): Location of the test zip file."),
      tensorflow::Flag("unzip_binary_path",
                       tflite::testing::FLAGS_unzip_binary_path,
                       "Location of a suitable unzip binary."),
      tensorflow::Flag("tar_binary_path",
                       tflite::testing::FLAGS_tar_binary_path,
                       "Location of a suitable tar binary."),
      tensorflow::Flag("use_nnapi", &tflite::testing::FLAGS_use_nnapi,
                       "Whether to enable the NNAPI delegate"),
      tensorflow::Flag("ignore_unsupported_nnapi",
                       &tflite::testing::FLAGS_ignore_unsupported_nnapi,
                       "Don't fail tests just because delegation to NNAPI "
                       "is not possible")};
  bool success = tensorflow::Flags::Parse(&argc, argv, flags);
  if (!success || (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--helpfull"))) {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s", tensorflow::Flags::Usage(argv[0], flags).c_str());
    return 1;
  }

  ::tflite::LogToStderr();
  // TODO(mikie): googletest arguments do not work - maybe the tensorflow flags
  // parser removes them?
  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bejewelled with white zirconia and pavé settings. She sparkles with light. Wear her on her own for a subtle look or match her with other to add some silver shine.
The TI SENTO - Milano Ring 12149ZI is crafted with Silver rhodium plated. The colour of this ring is Zirconia white. All TI SENTO - Milano jewels are gift-wrapped with infinite love and care. The magic is in our Silver.


Para receber por e-mail novas publicações de Seminário de Computação Gráfica, Clique Aqui!
In the last few years we have experienced a revolution in the imaging domain with the introduction of consumer-level 3D (depth) cameras. The next generation of the cameras are destined to be embedded in every laptop and mobile device by the end of 2015, enabling a broad set of new applications affecting the user interface and image and video capabilities.
In this talk I will describe two video processing applications enabled by depth cameras. The first is gaze correction, solving a persistent problem in personal video conferencing applications (e.g. Skype, Google Hangouts). The second is novel view synthesis, enriching the interactive viewing experience. Both application make use of depth cameras and incorporate sophisticated data processing on the GPU at real-time rates.
Joint work with colleagues from ETH Zurich.


This family room has a kingsize bed and single bed so suitable for small families or friends as a twin. The en-suite for this room also has the benefits of a bath with shower over and has stunning views over the back of the house to the back of our croft and hillside where you will see a selection of wild life and the heather changing colour throughout the season.
We have a welcoming and cosy dining room for our guests to enjoy breakfast, dinner and lunch.
This room has 2 comfy single beds and everything you could need for your stay. This room is ideal for two friends or relatives looking to share a room, but with the comfort of separate beds. There is modern en-suite bathroom which includes a luxurious shower room.
Relax in our cosy living room after a long day of exploring the island. There's also a wood burning stove for those cooler nights .
TV, Games, Reading Materials & Wifi Available.


j'ai récemment installé une carte Nvidia GeForce GTX 1060 6G. Auparavant je n'en avais pas, j'utilisais la partie graphique du processeur Intel i5 7500 sans aucun souci.
Mon souci c'est qu'à la connexion sous Xubuntu 18.04, je suis redirigé vers l'écran de connexion et cela ne fonctionne qu'au deuxième essai, même si mon mot de passe était correct à chaque fois. De plus je suis parfois déconnecté en pleine utilisation.
[    38.051] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[    38.051] (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.
[    38.051] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[    38.051] (**) |   |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[    38.051] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
[    38.052] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[    38.052] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[    38.052] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist.
[    38.052] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist.
[    38.052] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist.
[    38.052] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist.
[    38.052] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[    38.052] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
[    38.054] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[    38.054] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.054] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
[    38.054] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.055] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[    38.055] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.055] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[    38.055] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.055] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[    38.055] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.055] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"
[    38.055] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"
[    38.055] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.055] (II) Loading sub module "dri2"
[    38.055] (II) LoadModule: "dri2"
[    38.055] (--) NOUVEAU(0): Chipset: "NVIDIA NV134"
[    38.055] (==) NOUVEAU(0): Allowed maximum DRI level 2.
[    38.055] (==) NOUVEAU(0): GLX sync to VBlank enabled.
[    38.055] (==) NOUVEAU(0): Page flipping synced to vblank by kernel.
[    38.280] (II) NOUVEAU(0): 5 crtcs needed for screen.
[    38.280] (II) NOUVEAU(0): Allocated crtc nr. 0 to this screen.
[    38.280] (II) NOUVEAU(0): Allocated crtc nr. 1 to this screen.
[    38.280] (II) NOUVEAU(0): Allocated crtc nr. 2 to this screen.
[    38.280] (II) NOUVEAU(0): Allocated crtc nr. 3 to this screen.
[    38.504] (II) Loading sub module "fb"
[    38.504] (II) LoadModule: "fb"
[    38.504] (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.504] (II) Loading sub module "shadowfb"
[    38.504] (II) LoadModule: "shadowfb"
[    38.504] (II) Module shadowfb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.504] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[    38.504] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
[    38.504] (II) UnloadSubModule: "fbdevhw"
[    38.504] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[    38.504] (II) NOUVEAU(0): RandR 1.2 enabled, ignore the following RandR disabled message.
[    38.519] (II) NOUVEAU(0): NVEnterVT is called.
[    38.548] (**) Power Button: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[    38.548] (II) LoadModule: "libinput"
[    38.549] (II) Module libinput: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    38.549] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event2"
[    38.549] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[    38.568] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input2/event2"
[    38.568] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
[    38.568] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "fr"
[    38.578] (**) Power Button: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[    38.578] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event1"
[    38.578] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[    38.592] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input1/event1"
[    38.592] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
[    38.592] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "fr"
[    38.592] (**) Sleep Button: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[    38.592] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event0"
[    38.592] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[    38.608] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0E:00/input/input0/event0"
[    38.608] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
[    38.608] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "fr"
[    38.609] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.609] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.610] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.610] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.610] (**) UVC Camera (046d:0807): Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[    38.610] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event16"
[    38.610] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[    38.644] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-11/1-11:1.0/input/input16/event16"
[    38.644] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
[    38.644] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "fr"
[    38.646] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.646] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.647] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.647] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.649] (**) Logitech Logitech Illuminated Keyboard: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[    38.649] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event3"
[    38.649] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[    38.672] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.0/0003:046D:C318.0001/input/input3/event3"
[    38.672] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
[    38.672] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "fr"
[    38.675] (**) Logitech Logitech Illuminated Keyboard: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[    38.675] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event5"
[    38.675] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[    38.700] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.1/0003:046D:C318.0002/input/input5/event5"
[    38.700] (**) Option "AccelerationScheme" "none"
[    38.701] (**) Logitech USB Laser Mouse: Applying InputClass "libinput pointer catchall"
[    38.701] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event6"
[    38.701] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[    38.796] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8:1.0/0003:046D:C069.0003/input/input6/event6"
[    38.796] (**) Option "AccelerationScheme" "none"
[    38.858] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.858] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.859] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.859] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.860] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.860] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.861] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.861] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.862] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[    38.862] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[    38.875] (**) Logitech Logitech Illuminated Keyboard: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[    38.875] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event5"
[    38.875] (**) Option "_source" "_driver/libinput"
[    38.875] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.1/0003:046D:C318.0002/input/input5/event5"
[    38.875] (**) Option "xkb_model" "pc105"
[    38.875] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "fr"
Petit retour d'expérience. Il semblerait que le pilote libre nouveau ait encore quelques difficultés avec les cartes Nvidia 1060. En effet, j'ai pu résoudre mon problème en installant le paquet nvidia-driver-390 ainsi que toutes ses dépendances. Ma seule petite déception est qu'il me semble que ce pilote n'est pas libre (corrigez-moi si je me trompe).


text:
A scene of desecration at the
Congrégation Tifereth Beth David Jérusalem
in Côte St-Luc
Côte Saint-Luc, Quebec - a congregant visited the Sepharade Kol Yehouda synagogue in Côte St-Luc, Que. with his son to retrieve ritual items for use at home over the Shavuot holiday, which begins Thursday night.
He was horrified to find Torah scrolls dumped on the floor, and other religious items stuffed into toilets. Torah scrolls are considered extremely sacred in Judaism, to the extent that damaged scrolls are typically buried in a cemetery, rather than being disposed of in any other manner.
Since the synagogue has been closed for months on account of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear precisely when the break-in and desecration occurred.
B'nai Brith Canada swiftly reported the damage to Montreal Police, and requested that other local synagogues be checked as well, in case they have also been vandalized while congregants have been absent.
"This disgusting act of antisemitism comes on the eve of our holiday of Shavuot, a celebration of the Jews receiving the Torah, especially the Ten Commandments," said Michael Mostyn, Chief Executive Officer of B'nai Brith Canada.
The scene at the Congregation Sepharde Kol Yehudaa in Montreal. Thursday May 28, 2020.
Courtesy B'nai Brith
Source: Bnai Brith
All, Antisemitic incidents, Canada, Desecration

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You can find the Euringer, a mountain in the Dolomites, at the southwestern edge of the Alpe di Siusi in South Tyrol.
Together with the Sasso Piatto the Sasso Lungo is a very well known mountain motif of South Tyrol.
Together with the Sasso Lungo the Sasso Piatto is located west of the Sasso-Group, Alpe di Siusi, South Tyrol.


PhD Pharma Whey® HT+ is a great tasting, high protein bar that is an ideal alternative to our Pharma Whey® HT+ protein shake.
All athletes require quality protein to help build and repair muscle and Pharma Whey® HT+ bars can be used by all types of athletes, at each stage of their sporting development to supplement their training, nutritional goals and objectives.
With 30g of protein per delicious bar, derived from a triple-sourced protein matrix of whey protein, milk protein and soya protein isolate, Pharma Whey® HT+ bar also contains as little as 3g of sugar per 75g (based on double chocolate flavour) bar and a whopping 9.3g of fibre. Pharma Whey® HT+ bar also delivers calcium to support healthy bones and muscle function, along with vitamin E to protect the body from the oxidative stress that can occur during serious and intense exercise.
Forget about chocolate covered bars being a guilty pleasure, with PhD they can now be both a pleasure and a high-protein snack.
Who is Pharma Whey® HT+ suitable for?
Consume up to 2 PhD Pharma Whey® HT+ bars per day to help support a high protein diet.


2nd Annual PAWS-Beautify CNMI Boonie Dog Show!
The much anticipated, twice postponed, PAWS and Beautify CNMI! annual dog show is scheduled for June 7, 2008 from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the CPA Airport Field. The exact location of the show will be at the southern end of the field underneath the Flame Trees.
The dog show was originally scheduled for May 17, 2008, but was postponed when PAWS President Katie Busenkell was invited to attend the United States Humane Society's Animal Care Expo, a convention on animal care and welfare. "It was an opportunity for networking that we could not pass up," said Busenkell.
Everyone is invited to attend and participate in the dog show, which is a free event. It is a fun activity for the entire family, including boonie dogs. All dogs entered in the show, or present at the show, must wear a collar and have a leash.
For those dogs that are able to attend the show, owners may enter their dog(s) to win prizes in the following categories: (1) The Fattest; (2) The Most Disobedient; (3) The Best Belly Dragger (for smaller breeds); (4) The Best Geriatric (for those older dogs); (5) The Most Like a Movie Star; and (6) The Booniest. A prize will also be awarded to the dog that wins the title, "The Best of the Worst," otherwise known as the best of show.
Prizes include Frontline for fleas and ticks, flea and tick shampoo and dip, dog toys, dog food, and a dog bed, just to name a few of the items that have been generously donated by Costco and/or purchased with funds donated by Beautify CNMI!, Angil Designs, Inc., and the PEW Charitable Trust. "And, if you have a cat, or many, you are invited to enter our $1.00 raffle for cat-care items," said Simms.
Forms can be downloaded at www.paws-saipan.org and emailed to Katie at busenkell@gmail.com. If you have questions about the dog show, call the PAWS PTI hotline for more information at 285-PAWS.
It's never too late to say Thank you, so Thank You, Ron & Nancy!
I'm sending a picture from our Sunday, February 24th Wing Beach excursion as you requested. Most of the obvious litter was around the parking area and the picnic areas nearby, but the rest of the beach looked very good in general. It was clear that people have been taking very good care of Wing Beach.
We covered a great length of the beach and into the picnic and shaded areas adjacent to most of the beach so obviously we got a lot of old stuff along with some new. Personally I left a small bit of stuff that was being guarded by those large spiders I don't like. After two hours of hiking we only got about two large garbage bags full. Very nice to have the garbage container there.
In May, I was fortunate enough to be invited to and attend TWO international animal welfare conferences in the United States.
The first was hosted by the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) in Boston, Massachusetts from May 8-9. In attendance were select delegates from Bahrain, India, Mexico, Columbia, Africa, Brazil, and Saipan.
The second, Animal Expo 2008, was hosted by the United States Humane Society in Orlando, Florida from May 14-17. In attendance were numerous delegates from India, Columbia, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Chile, Italy, Belize, Peru, Kuwait, China, Australia, and Saipan, just to name a few.
Both conferences exposed me to amazing people doing amazing things for animals throughout the world. This was inspiring, and perhaps much needed to re-energize our efforts here at home.
The conferences were an opportunity for experts and donors to share advice, knowledge and experience on animal care/welfare issues. So, in order to better serve our community and animals, I attended numerous workshops, including but not limited to: (1) how to recognize and combat compassion fatigue; (2) how to lobby for anti-cruelty legislation; (3) how to count and recognize cruelty cases in our community; and perhaps most importantly to our success, (4) effective methods of animal control. Copies of the presentations, and more, are available for your review per your request. I invite all of you to review these materials and to educate yourself about the importance and possibility of helping Saipan's animals and/or our community.
In addition to attending numerous workshops, I want you to know that I did my best to draw attention to our situation here in Saipan. I spoke to representatives from the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), WSPS, United States Humane Society (USHS), Humane Society International (HIS), the American Humane Association (AHA), the Pegasus Foundation, Maddie's Fund, the Petco Foundation, and many more. I also made a point of talking directly to Wayne Pacelle, the President of the Humane Society and an internationally well-respected humanitarian.
What was the result? A renewed feeling of hope. I firmly believe that if we follow-up on the networking that was accomplished at these conferences, that change may be on the horizon for our animals and communities. But, PAWS and Beautify CNMI! desperately need your help in order to make these changes possible.
We need volunteers. We need people who love animals to help us foster homeless animals. We need people who are interested in honing professional skills to write letters and/or lobby on behalf of Saipan's animals. We need people to go into schools and give 30-minute presentations to children about the importance of responsible pet ownership, compassion, and understanding animal behavior.
We don't want all of your time. Just what you can give. And, if these tasks scare you, or you think you don't know enough to jump in and help – not to worry!!! We are more than happy to either train in what we know or look for answers together.
If there is one base-line lesson that I learned by attending these conferences it is this – if people living in the deserts of Peru and Kuwait or the bush of Africa can muster up the strength and resources to combat animal control and cruelty, then we can do it too and we have little excuse not to.
Thanks to Aya-san and Willy-san of Isa CNMI for keeping the Beautify CNMI "Beauty Virus" alive and well!
Gus and I got our niece and nephews together and headed up to the Last Command Post in Marpi, Saipan, this bright Sunday morning for a cleanup with Isa CNMI and 200 visitors from Japan. They are members of the Nenpoushinkyou group in Japan. They say they have 800,000 members. WOW!
I put together this slide show of the day's events. The first 100 or so pictures were taken of the cleanup.
The last pictures are of the first blooming flame tree of the group we planted on lower Dandan Road (the road leading up to Dandan from the Welcome/Adios Sign). We planted these trees last year, and now one of them is already blooming!
The last pictures are of the road sign on Tun Kiyoshi Road.
Thanks to everyone who pitched in to help. Isa CNMI's Aya-san and Willy-san Matsumoto led the effort with Beautify CNMI and her coalition partners MVA, PDI, Tasi Tours, RC&D, PEW, and community members. In addition to Gus and I and our niece Sheena Saures and nephews Peter Saures, Franklin, Josiah and Jun Lizama, other community members who were there included Juanita Fajardo and her niece Breana and nephew Vince.
Once, again, thanks to everyone for a fine job! Arigato-gozaimasu!
This morning Isa CNMI and other Beautify CNMI volunteers cleaned up several of the Japanese memorials in Marpi with MVA, some of the Japanese tour companies, and over 200 Japanese tourists. Go us!
Marites Aquino Castillo, president/chairwomen of the volunteer group known as Friends of the Mariana Islands (FMI), and Angelo O'Connor Villagomez were recently presented the Earth Team Volunteer Award and Certificates for their environmental efforts.
Castillo received two awards, one for herself and the other one for the FMI Group's activities.
Villagomez's's genius is as a grass roots organizer, while Castillo's Group, the FMI, provided the muscle and backbone for the Earth Team Volunteer activities with over 6,000 volunteer hours so far in 2008.
According to Castillo, the FMI group began consistently cleaning up of roads and beaches in June 2006. Since then they have cleaned up Lau Lau Beach every third Sunday of the month, which now amounts to 23 consecutive months of activity.
During these same months on every second Sunday they were also cleaning up ISA Drive Rd. from the Saipan Botanical Gardens to the stoplight Intersection that leads to Northern Marianas Colleges.
The FMI has also worked other weekends beautifying other parts of Saipan.
Archaeologists Jason Burns and Michael Krivor of Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. will present the preliminary results of an underwater survey they recently completed under contract with the CNMI Division of Historic Preservation.
The survey targeted the waters off the western coast of Saipan including those adjacent to the World War II invasion beaches stretching from Agingan Point to Quartermaster Road.
These beaches and the adjacent lagoon and offshore waters were designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. National Park Service in 1985.
Burns and Krivor will show photographs of the various historic resources that were located during their survey including World War II-era ships and airplanes. They will also answer questions from the audience.
The lecture, co-sponsored by the NMI Council for the Humanities and the Division of Historic Preservation, is open to the public and free of charge.
For more information about the project and the team visit the Museum of Underwater Archeology web site and my previous post on Saipans Underwater Historical Trail following the lecture by Jennifer McKinnon at Porky's.
The people behind the Beautify CNMI coalition wish to let everyone know they are tired of picking up trash. They're not going to stop because keeping the Commonwealth looking clean and pristine is our only hope for attracting tourists. It also makes for a better place to live and work! So for all of you out there that still think it's OK to litter or that all these beach clean ups are fun - think again.
We're tired of picking up trash. If no one litters we can turn our efforts to something more rewarding like painting over the graffiti! Hmmmmm another PSA perhaps!