Of course splicing isn't the only consequence of my choice of galv wire for the rigging. Stainless steel, one might assume from the name is a magical substance and free from the wroth and detrimental effects of corrosion. In reality, not quite. It certainly stays more or less shiny, but stainless steel's corrosive effects require the presence of oxygen. Get seawater and stainless together in an anaerobic environment and watch the fun begin! Galv, is certainly more susceptible to corrosion, and perhaps that's even a feature. You don't assume that it won't rust, so you plan for it. And, when it starts to rust, you really notice it. As long as you can sort it out soon, it is usually only cosmetic. But galv isn't shiny, and it's not cool, so people don't like it. It is cheap though, and I'm all about that!
Traditionally galv cable is treated against corrosion by what's called worming (not needed on smaller cables), parcelling, and serving. I won't go into worming since I'm not doing it. Basically what that means is you slather the cable in slush (usually a mixture of tar and linseed oil), then wrap it in long strips of tarred cloth, or cloth tape (parcelling), with the lay. Then you tightly wrap that with tarred twine using a device called a serving board, or a serving mallet, against the lay. Finally on top of that, you paint it with yet more slush, this time mixed also with some varnish and driers. If you do all this well, and remember to re-apply more slush every year or two, you should have cable that last indefinitely. Or so I've been lead to believe.
Sounds like a lot of work right? Perfect for time wasting!
So I found a company that sells tarred nylon twine, which is what "The Rigger's Apprentice" told me was a good thing to use, and I bought some. Memphis Net and Twine, by the way.
Happiness is some warm twine?
Plus, the twine is sold in weird sizes which don't correspond to the diameter or anything reasonable, but rather the weight (in pounds) of a certain length. Americans are weird.
I can't remember the other sizes, but the one I settled on using was #30.
Now I had to make the serving mallet to apply the twine tightly to the cable. The bible has many different drawings of a serving board/mallet, each different from the next, with no concrete information. But I had a wooden mallet so I tried to replicated the one that looked like that. The theory is that the twine must be wrapped very tightly, and the mallet gives the required leverage for that.
I cut a groove in the top of the mallet, like in the pictures, and attached a fancy spool holder!
I stretched the cable between two points nice and tight and gave it a burl.
I didn't bother with the parcelling, or any slushing. Just wanted to get the feel of applying the service. It's a bit tricky to start off since you have to wrap the service over the end of the twine. Likewise, ending the service requires some more trickiness, which I won't go in to now (how annoying of me!).
Serviced cable around a thimble and snug in the vice.
Of course at this point I realised that all the galv thimbles I had bought were now useless. They were 6mm, which made perfect sense at the time. Thimbles to match the size of the cable right? Of course I forgot all about the service. The twine I had chosen was almost 2mm in diameter, so I figured that with all the stretching and compressing of it, it would probably be safe to go with 8mm thimbles for a nice tight fit. Also one extra thing I didn't think about when I got the galv thimbles was the fact that unless I also had galv turnbuckles, they'd have to make contact with stainless. And even if I got galv turnbuckles, unless I replaced the chainplates (not right now thank you) then a galv turnbuckle would be in contact with stainless too. Why is this a problem might you ask? Well apart from the fact that it's a little more difficult to tar, parcel, and serve thimbles and turnbuckles, the contact of the two different metals would lead to galvanic corrosion, especially bad in the presence of a salt solution (aka seawater). So I figured that using stainless thimbles that would never come into contact with the galv cable under its protective covering of service and slush, I'd be OK. Plus, I'd already bought a bunch of stainless turnbuckles.


Western countries were hit heavily at the start of the new year when China banned the import of 24 types of solid waste. They have long relied on exporting plastic recycling to China and have been lax about recycling domestic waste. Pictures show rubbish has built up in some of them.
China was once the biggest importer of solid waste, importing over two-thirds of the UK's plastic waste. Although recycling plastic waste for industrial manufacturing can save raw materials and boost employment, it also has an outstandingly negative impact on the environment and is often the focus of media attention. An overhaul of the business was essential.
China plans to fully stop importing solid waste that has domestic alternatives by the end of 2019. The irreversible trend will increase pressure on Western countries to handle their own trash.
No governments in other countries complained about China's move, but the truth is the West is nonetheless worried. These developed countries have been used to buying cheap products from developing countries like China and shipping the waste back, keeping themselves clean.
But this won't continue after China bans foreign waste imports. Western media are discussing the possibilities of replacing China with India or Vietnam for handling waste, but this plan won't necessarily work out.
China's rise has been well timed, with economies of scale. China has almost all the industries that can bring jobs and wealth. While China took in sizable foreign waste under certain conditions, this can hardly be copied by other countries.
It is imperative for developed Western countries to handle waste locally, a logical step toward a more balanced global economy. The era of developed countries exporting brands and technologies, with a higher standard of living, while developing countries grow on cheap labor and suffer pollution, will be over.
This is not a nationalistic argument, but a natural development of human society. All nations should actively adapt to such change.
Fully industrialized Western countries have enough technology and capital for better waste disposal and recycling. Cities like London and Hamburg can take the lead in developing new environmental protection technology and standards.
Exporting waste to developing countries leads to serious pollution as it is processed with low technology. However as people lead better lives, they produce more waste. Developed countries should take the lead, followed by the developing countries, in improving waste disposal.
China has imported masses of waste from abroad in recent years, delaying the eruption of a serious problem. Now when China starts banning waste imports, we have to face this challenge squarely.
The Earth cannot become a planet with great piles of accumulating rubbish. Human society must recycle as much as possible. Let's start today.


This is a 24 month, new role with unaccompanied terms based in N'Djamena, Tchad with up to 40% of the time scheduled and spent in the programmes areas (Goz Beida, Bagasola), with a salary Grade 5 €43,230 – €48,034.
You will report to the Country Director and will line manage the Admin and HR Manager, Logistics Assistant and will technically support the Base Manager in Goz Beida and the Log Officer in Bagasola. You will liaise with the Programmes Director, Area Coordinator, Country Finance Manager, other key staff and the Dublin based Regional Logistics Advisor.
Your purpose: As a member of Concern Chad's Senior Management Team (SMT), the Systems Director (SD) will lead the effective and efficient delivery of Concern's programmes by managing the support systems required whilst following Concern Worldwide and donor policies and standards.
Reviewing of all external contracts to ensure consistency, clarity and minimize liability for Concern.
Ensure all offices, guest houses and international staff residences meet security, health and safety standards.
Monitoring and reviewing team performance; giving corrective feedback where required and taking decisive action in the case of poor performance.
Ensuring all offices adhere to the Transport and Fleet Management Policy, with particular attention to Fuel procedures.
Ensuring all stores and assets are managed and accounted for in line with Concern and donor policies.
Ensuring provision of effective support systems, enabling the smooth operation of IT systems and management of information (including the servers, encryption, backup and protection mechanisms).
Developing staff IT capacity, skills and confidence in using common software packages.
Ensuring all new staff and visitors receive thorough security briefings.
Experience in Tendering & contract management.


Shell: Dextrous, whorls 4.0-4.7, most often 4.5. Shape short ovate, spire rounded. Whorls mostly strongly convex, suture deep. Aperture nearly semicircular. Teeth 5-7: columellar, on shape of a short fold or a knob; parietal and angular. bot lamellate; upper and lower palatal; suprapalatal and basal. Umbilicus shallow, closed. Surface sculpture of strong, regular, rib-like striae. Colour light: horny-yellow to yellowish-brown, crest lighter, teeth white or whitish.
Dimensions: Height 1.48-1.98 mm, breadth 0.95-1.17 mm, aperture height 0.40-0.47 mm, aperture breadth 0.50-0.70, body whorl height 0.90-1.10.
Ecology: A species living in humid places in mixed, deciduous (Central Europe) and also coniferous (Northern Europe) forests; sometimes found also in humid, half-open or open habitats (stream banks, with rich herb vegetation, meadows, marshy grassland, fens).
Distribution: A European species, its numerous locatities are scattered over a large part of Europe. In Scandinavia to 68°, in Finland to 65°, recorded also from Denmark and the British Isles, reaching to Ireland in the west; Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, northern part of Hungary; in the east to northern Caucasus and an isolated fragment of the range in Altai. In the mountains of Central Europe the species reaches ca. 1000 m a.s.l., on the other hand in the mountains of northern Scandinavia it was found up to 690 m a.s.l. Not rare in any of the studied regions of Poland but never very abundand.


As a result of testing positive in May 2006 while on probation, California medical marijuana patient Rachel Jones* was charged with violating her probation conditions. Ignoring Rachel's doctor's recommendation, which established her status as a qualified patient, her probation officer recommended jail time.
Turning to her attorney, a Los Angeles public defender, Rachel sought to fight the threat of jail time. Unfortunately, her public defender did not believe that Rachel had a viable medical condition, and when she went to court, the judge sentenced Rachel to a year in jail. With nowhere left to turn, Rachel contacted ASA seeking our help.
ASA Chief Counsel Joe Elford contacted the Los Angeles public defender office to report the substandard legal representation, and encouraged them to utilize the legal decision in People v. Jones, which upheld a patient's recommendation as all that is needed for a jury to establish patient status. To her surprise, when Rachel went to court to turn herself in, her attorney got the court to reverse her sentence. Not only did the court set aside Rachel's sentence, but her attorney was also able to get her probation conditions amended by court order to allow her to consume marijuana while on probation.
As an African-American woman on a fixed income, Rachel was vulnerable, like so many others, to a system that mistreats patients and those with limited means of defense. ASA is determined to fight for the rights of patients like Rachel and, as such, has been working with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to help improve a policy issued November 28, 2006, that exempts patients on probation or parole from testing for marijuana.
This entry was posted on Friday, July 7th, 2006 at 12:00 am. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Which drivers are most likely to cause an accident?
Just about every day, we get into our cars and drive to work, to run errands, to pick up the kids at soccer practice or to meet up with friends for dinner. In many cases, we are more concerned with getting where we need to be on time than we are with who we are sharing the road with.
The fact is, every driver on the road has the potential to cause an accident. It may be one that could have been prevented or a complete fluke, but the risk of getting into a crash is very real. However, learning which drivers are most likely to cause an accident could help people be more aware on the road. It could also help those drivers who are at a higher risk of causing an accident assess their own driving behaviors before an accident occurs.
According to statistics, drivers between the ages of 16 and 29 cause the most accidents. This may be unsurprising, as this group consists largely of novice drivers, college students and young adults.
As drivers get older, the number of crashes per miles driven declines steadily. Again, this may be unsurprising, as older drivers may be more cautious.
However, the rate of crashes increases for drivers who are around the age of 70 and it only goes up from there. This is and will continue to be a serious issue, as the number of seniors is expected to double between 2012 and 2050. By then, there will be an estimated 83.6 million senior drivers, many of whom will be licensed drivers.
It is important to note that being a certain age does not mean a person is a potentially dangerous driver. However, elderly drivers often struggle with vision problems, impaired coordination and reflexes, memory loss and confusion which can significantly impact their behaviors and capabilities behind the wheel.
With all of this in mind, it may be a good time to remind young drivers about safety while driving and reassess an elderly loved one's driving abilities. Addressing potential issues before an accident happens can save lives and prevent the devastation of physical and emotional damages suffered by crash victims.


The Federal Reserve Board has made its long-awaited announcement that it will begin to scale back ("taper," in WallStreetSpeak) its QE3 stimulus program. The last time the Fed even mentioned starting to taper back, last fall, global stock markets and bond investors panicked and sent the markets reeling. Now, the Fed says that instead of buying $85 billion in Treasuries and mortgage bonds per month, it will only buy $75 billion, and more cuts will come as the economy continues its recovery and the jobless rate continues to fall.
With this announcement, markets went up and investors cheered. Japan's Nikkei index reached a six-year high, European markets soared and U.S. stocks finished the day at new record prices.
The so-called "taper," and the QE3 stimulus program itself, are somewhat unique in the history of investment markets. To understand QE3, imagine that at the auctions where investors buy government bonds and packages of home loans, a bidder nine times the size of Gargantua shoulders everybody else aside and insists on paying higher prices (and, therefore, receiving lower interest) than any of the other bidders. The Fed's stated goal was to stimulate the economy by driving interest rates lower, making it less expensive for large and small businesses to borrow money, so they can build factories, expand their capacity and hire more people.
The problem with this stimulus effort all along was that American corporations are already sitting on tons of cash, and have little need to borrow if they really want to go on a building and hiring spree. The companies in the S&P 500 index reportedly have a record $1.5 trillion in their coffers, up 14% this year alone. Add in the money stuffed under the mattresses of smaller companies, and the total may exceed $5 trillion.
The Fed's mortgage purchases probably did make mortgage rates a bit cheaper for home buyers, but it's hard to tell how much. The day after the announcement, 30-year Fannie Mae mortgage rates were up 0.01 percentage point, at 4.42%. That's higher than the low of 3.31% in November of 2012, but still very low by historical standards.
Savers and long-term investors should breathe a sigh of relief that the Fed is finally easing out of the investment business. Why? For one thing, it means that economists at the Federal Reserve Board believe the economy is finally in a self-sustaining recovery mode.
For another, it means the end of uncertainty. When investors are unsure what to expect, they tend to expect the worst, which is why you will read articles saying that the taper will cause interest rates to skyrocket out of control, leading to all sorts of bad things in the economy, possibly including an alien invasion. By the (admittedly early) indications, no such thing is happening, and you can bet that Fed economists are monitoring the situation and plan to nip any catastrophe in the bud.
But at the same time, we can expect interest rates to go up over the next year or two at least, which is great news for older Americans who have been living on a fixed income with CD rates barely higher than what they would get if they stashed their retirement money in a cookie jar.
For the economy as a whole, there is still plenty of cash to lend to any company that wants it, housing is still more affordable than it was before the 2008 meltdown, and inflation is actually (and stubbornly) lower than the government's preferred target rate. Investors were wrong to panic last fall, and they are right to cheer now as the biggest, clumsiest bond buyer in history starts cautiously easing away from the auction table.


Genetic testing data reveals the irrationality of human behavior.
Years of data on genetic testing reveal that when given the option, most people want less information, not more.
The rise of genetic testing has presented scientists with a 30-year experiment that has yielded some surprising insights into human behavior.
In the 1980s, when doctors realized they would soon have a predictive test for Huntington's, they did not foresee stories like Sister Caniou's. They were deeply worried about the effect the test would have on those who took it, but the focus of their worry was, understandably, those who got an unfavorable result. They even freed up beds on psychiatric wards in anticipation of a mini tsunami of psychotic conversions. The tsunami never materialized, because those who received bad news generally coped well with it. It was the ones who got the all-clear—those like Caniou—who did not.
In the three decades since the first predictive genetic tests became available, a great deal of data has accumulated to show how people respond to knowing previously unknowable things. The rise of genetic testing has presented scientists with a 30-year experiment that has yielded some surprising insights into human behavior. The data suggest that the vast majority react in ways that at first seem counterintuitive, or at least flout what experts predicted. But as genetic testing becomes more widespread, the irrational behavior of a frightened few might start to look like the rational behavior of an enlightened majority.
Doctors' repeatedly failed attempts to anticipate people's responses to genetic testing is not for want of preparation. Starting in the 1980s, they conducted surveys in which they asked how people might approach the test, were one available. They noted the answers and planned accordingly. The trouble was, when the test became a reality, their respondents didn't do what they had said they would.
Huntington's was one of the first diseases for which a test with predictive power—meaning that it could tell a healthy person that at some point in the future they would develop the disease—became available, in 1993. (A less reliable test had existed from 1986.) The neurodegenerative disease, which usually manifests in middle age, is caused by a mutation in a single gene. (You only have to inherit one copy of the mutant gene to develop the disease.) Families had previously lived with the terrible partial knowledge that a child of an affected parent had a 50 percent chance of developing it. Now they could find out who would, and who would not.
In those preparatory surveys, roughly 70 percent of those at risk of Huntington's said they would take a test if it existed. In fact, only around 15 percent do—a proportion that has proved stable across countries and decades. A similar pattern emerged when tests became available for other incurable brain diseases, including rare familial forms of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia: The vast majority of people prefer not to know.
There is a certain logic to this. Why know if there's nothing you can do about it? And that logic is borne out by data on other diseases, which show that uptake of tests increases with the availability of effective interventions. Around two-thirds of women diagnosed with breast cancer now survive for 20 years or more—double the number 40 years ago—mainly due to improved treatment. And while only a few breast cancers are inherited, surveys indicate that 60 percent of those at risk for those forms take a test when one is available.
Aad Tibben, a psychologist at the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands who has studied responses to genetic testing for 30 years, says that the 15 percent who do get tested for an incurable disease generally cite two reasons. The first and most important is the need to dispel uncertainty, and the second is a desire not to pass on the faulty gene. The first explains why carriers cope well, at least to begin with: Any result is a relief for them. Even if there is no treatment, they can make informed reproductive choices and plan for the future.
When it comes to the second reason, however, there is another puzzling discrepancy between what people say they want and what they do. Prenatal genetic testing is widely available, but the uptake by expecting couples in which one partner is a known carrier of an incurable disease is even lower than that of testing among at-risk adults. Most opt to have a child whose risk of developing that disease is the same as theirs was at birth. Why do people act in this seemingly irresponsible way with respect to their offspring?
In a study that has yet to be published, Tibben has corroborated the French group's conclusion. He followed 13 couples who, following counseling but prior to taking a prenatal test, agreed they would terminate in the case of an unfavorable result. None of them did so when they got that result. "That means there are 13 children alive in the Netherlands today, whom we can be 100 percent sure are [Huntington's] carriers," he says.
Before predictive tests, doctors hoped their advent would lead to the eradication of certain rare diseases from the gene pool within a couple of generations, rendering the search for cures obsolete. But the low uptake of testing among those at risk, combined with the even lower uptake of prenatal testing among carriers, has caused them to abandon that hope. "We now know that these diseases are here to stay," says Tibben.
Until now, those diseases have mainly been Mendelian or single-gene disorders for which testing delivers certainty. But as testing expands, more uncertainty is creeping into the process, meaning people's responses are likely to become less predictable still. Tests for inherited breast cancers that highlight mutations in the two BRCA genes sometimes identify variants of those genes whose clinical significance is uncertain, for example. Soon, a new kind of inconclusive test will become mainstream: whole genome sequencing, which reveals predispositions to "lifestyle" diseases such as obesity that are only partly under genetic control.
Unpredictability, therefore, may turn out to be the norm. Perhaps more than anything else, the lesson from the past three decades has been that people's reactions to these new tools will upend our predictions and our assumptions. And it is difficult to label such behavior irrational. After all, another thing the genetic testing experiment has taught us is that certainty is fleeting—something Caniou knows only too well. She recovered from her depression and went on to know a profound sense of liberation and joy. Then, 10 years ago, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. It was treated early and she has been healthy ever since. But the irony hasn't escaped her that when she finally knew illness, it wasn't the one she had expected.
To paraphrase a famous saying, there are still only two certainties in life. One of them is that we will all die. Of what, we can be less sure.


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Social Justice and the New Indigenous Politics: An Analysis of Guatemala, the Central Andes, and Chiapas
Susan Eva Eckstein and Timothy P. Wickham-Crowley
in What Justice? Whose Justice?: Fighting for Fairness in Latin America
10.1525/california/9780520237445.003.0010
Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter appraises the initiative and activism practiced by the Latin American indigenous populations in achieving social justice, in recognition of difference. This end has been reached through ... More
This chapter appraises the initiative and activism practiced by the Latin American indigenous populations in achieving social justice, in recognition of difference. This end has been reached through emphasis on class/economic issues and cultural identity. The colonization of South America commenced a thorough disruption in the community and autonomous lives of the indigenous population. The dominant approach to indigenous affairs since the 1930s may be called indigenismo, a movement among white or mestizo intellectuals that affirms the indigenous heritage of Latin America while advocating the integration of the indigenous into the mestizo nation. In the Chaco War (1932–35), indigenous peoples were politically mobilized in Bolivia and Paraguay for the first time, especially in Bolivia, where the mobilization led to their being treated, for the first time, as part of the nation. This was followed by the subsequent formation of peasants unions and the great revolution (1952).Less
Social Justice and the New Indigenous Politics : An Analysis of Guatemala, the Central Andes, and Chiapas
Susan Eva EcksteinTimothy P. Wickham-Crowley
This chapter appraises the initiative and activism practiced by the Latin American indigenous populations in achieving social justice, in recognition of difference. This end has been reached through emphasis on class/economic issues and cultural identity. The colonization of South America commenced a thorough disruption in the community and autonomous lives of the indigenous population. The dominant approach to indigenous affairs since the 1930s may be called indigenismo, a movement among white or mestizo intellectuals that affirms the indigenous heritage of Latin America while advocating the integration of the indigenous into the mestizo nation. In the Chaco War (1932–35), indigenous peoples were politically mobilized in Bolivia and Paraguay for the first time, especially in Bolivia, where the mobilization led to their being treated, for the first time, as part of the nation. This was followed by the subsequent formation of peasants unions and the great revolution (1952).
Keywords: indigenous population, indigenismo, mestizo, Chaco War, mobilization
We are still here
Patrick Thornberry
in Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights
This chapter presents raw statistics which claim to account for an indigenous world. It begins with a discussion of the identities and names of indigenous peoples. It then considers debates over the ... More
This chapter presents raw statistics which claim to account for an indigenous world. It begins with a discussion of the identities and names of indigenous peoples. It then considers debates over the question of how many indigenous populations exist on the planet, followed by a discussion of the rights abuses and other assaults upon the dignity experienced by indigenous peoples. It describes the Working Group on Indigenous Populations, a Permanent Forum for Indigenous People, the draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, summits, and regional organizations.Less
This chapter presents raw statistics which claim to account for an indigenous world. It begins with a discussion of the identities and names of indigenous peoples. It then considers debates over the question of how many indigenous populations exist on the planet, followed by a discussion of the rights abuses and other assaults upon the dignity experienced by indigenous peoples. It describes the Working Group on Indigenous Populations, a Permanent Forum for Indigenous People, the draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, summits, and regional organizations.
Keywords: indigenous peoples, human rights abuses, dignity, Working Group on Indigenous Populations, Permanent Forum for Indigenous People
Aspects of the Process of Hellenization in the Early Middle Ages
Judith Herrin
in Margins and Metropolis: Authority across the Byzantine Empire
10.23943/princeton/9780691153018.003.0002
History, World Medieval History
This chapter examines the inherent forces that remained to sustain medieval Hellenism in the early Middle Ages. It discusses two aspects to the hellenization process that was at work in parts of the ... More
This chapter examines the inherent forces that remained to sustain medieval Hellenism in the early Middle Ages. It discusses two aspects to the hellenization process that was at work in parts of the Balkan peninsula during the "Dark Ages" of Byzantine history, each helping to preserve distinct parts of the Hellenistic tradition: the continued use of spoken Greek, and the preservation of Byzantine political, cultural, and religious practices. In both cases, the agents of this process were the indigenous population of Greece, who sought refuge from the Slavs on Aegean islands, in mountain fortresses, and along the littoral. The chapter shows that despite the "grande brèche" in continuous imperial rule, the inhabitants of Greece were able to reassert their identity as citizens of the empire of Constantinople.Less
This chapter examines the inherent forces that remained to sustain medieval Hellenism in the early Middle Ages. It discusses two aspects to the hellenization process that was at work in parts of the Balkan peninsula during the "Dark Ages" of Byzantine history, each helping to preserve distinct parts of the Hellenistic tradition: the continued use of spoken Greek, and the preservation of Byzantine political, cultural, and religious practices. In both cases, the agents of this process were the indigenous population of Greece, who sought refuge from the Slavs on Aegean islands, in mountain fortresses, and along the littoral. The chapter shows that despite the "grande brèche" in continuous imperial rule, the inhabitants of Greece were able to reassert their identity as citizens of the empire of Constantinople.
Keywords: hellenization, Hellenism, Middle Ages, Greece, Constantinople, Balkan peninsula, Dark Ages, spoken Greek, Slavs, indigenous population
The Melting Pot of the Pacific
Ellen D. Wu
in The Color of Success: Asian Americans and the Origins of the Model Minority
History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter deals with the concept of Hawaiʻi as a racial paradise. In the 1920s and 1930s, intellectuals began to tout the islands' ethnically diverse composition—including the indigenous ... More
This chapter deals with the concept of Hawaiʻi as a racial paradise. In the 1920s and 1930s, intellectuals began to tout the islands' ethnically diverse composition—including the indigenous population, white settler colonists, and imported labor from Asia and other locales—as a Pacific melting pot free of the mainland's social taboos on intermingling. After World War II, the association of Hawaiʻi with racial harmony and tolerance received unprecedented national attention as Americans heatedly debated the question of whether or not the territory, annexed to the United States in 1898, should become a state. Statehood enthusiasts tagged the islands' majority Asian population, with its demonstrated capability of assimilation, as a forceful rationale for admission.Less
This chapter deals with the concept of Hawaiʻi as a racial paradise. In the 1920s and 1930s, intellectuals began to tout the islands' ethnically diverse composition—including the indigenous population, white settler colonists, and imported labor from Asia and other locales—as a Pacific melting pot free of the mainland's social taboos on intermingling. After World War II, the association of Hawaiʻi with racial harmony and tolerance received unprecedented national attention as Americans heatedly debated the question of whether or not the territory, annexed to the United States in 1898, should become a state. Statehood enthusiasts tagged the islands' majority Asian population, with its demonstrated capability of assimilation, as a forceful rationale for admission.
Keywords: Hawaiʻi, racial paradise, indigenous population, white settler colonists, Pacific melting pot, racial harmony, statehood
The Impact of the First Conquest on the Indigenous Populations of the Philippines (Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries)
Miguel Luque-Talaván
in Historical Archaeology of Early Modern Colonialism in Asia-Pacific: The Asia-Pacific Region
University Press of Florida
10.5744/florida/9780813054766.003.0004
Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Every process of discovery, conquest, and colonization, regardless of its magnitude and historical implications, entails a transformation in those societies in which contact takes place. Such a ... More
Every process of discovery, conquest, and colonization, regardless of its magnitude and historical implications, entails a transformation in those societies in which contact takes place. Such a transformation, though, must not make us assume that there was no resistance, in different ways and intensity, aimed at the outsiders by the receiving population. The Philippines was no exception. In the present investigation, we will address aspects such as the impacts on the settlement patterns, the social structure, and the population shock and consequences of the conquest on the economical structure, culture, and spiritual world of the Philippine indigenous populations between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.Less
Every process of discovery, conquest, and colonization, regardless of its magnitude and historical implications, entails a transformation in those societies in which contact takes place. Such a transformation, though, must not make us assume that there was no resistance, in different ways and intensity, aimed at the outsiders by the receiving population. The Philippines was no exception. In the present investigation, we will address aspects such as the impacts on the settlement patterns, the social structure, and the population shock and consequences of the conquest on the economical structure, culture, and spiritual world of the Philippine indigenous populations between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.
Keywords: Philippines, Contact, Indigenous populations, conquest, Population shock
Ainu: From a Dying Race to an Indigenous People
Kiyoteru Tsutsui
in Rights Make Might: Global Human Rights and Minority Social Movements in Japan
10.1093/oso/9780190853105.003.0002
Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This chapter starts with an examination of the long history of Ainu's subjugation to mainland Japanese and their quiet acquiescence until the 1970s, when the Hokkaido Utari Association began to ... More
This chapter starts with an examination of the long history of Ainu's subjugation to mainland Japanese and their quiet acquiescence until the 1970s, when the Hokkaido Utari Association began to engage in international exchange. The international experiences from the 1970s gradually transformed Ainu leaders' movement actorhood, leading to much more assertive collective mobilization by Ainu that leveraged international human rights forums with help from transnational activists. Their international activities exerted significant pressures on the Japanese government, prompting legislation of new laws to protect and promote Ainu culture and an official recognition of Ainu as an indigenous people. Ainu activists also contributed to the consolidation and expansion of international human and indigenous rights forums, legitimating the issue of indigenous rights outside typical settler colonies such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, and bringing in some resources to international indigenous forums.Less
Ainu : From a Dying Race to an Indigenous People
This chapter starts with an examination of the long history of Ainu's subjugation to mainland Japanese and their quiet acquiescence until the 1970s, when the Hokkaido Utari Association began to engage in international exchange. The international experiences from the 1970s gradually transformed Ainu leaders' movement actorhood, leading to much more assertive collective mobilization by Ainu that leveraged international human rights forums with help from transnational activists. Their international activities exerted significant pressures on the Japanese government, prompting legislation of new laws to protect and promote Ainu culture and an official recognition of Ainu as an indigenous people. Ainu activists also contributed to the consolidation and expansion of international human and indigenous rights forums, legitimating the issue of indigenous rights outside typical settler colonies such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, and bringing in some resources to international indigenous forums.
Keywords: Indigenous peoples' rights, Hokkaido Utari/Ainu Association, Meiji Restoration, Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act, United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations, United Nations Working Group on Draft Declaration, United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Shimin Gaikō Center (Citizens Diplomacy Center), International Labor Organization
: The Politics and Pragmatics of Managing Health
in Mixed Medicines: Health and Culture in French Colonial Cambodia
University of Chicago Press
10.7208/chicago/9780226031651.003.0004
History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter, which discusses the infrastructure of the new medical service for the indigenous population, the Assistance Médicale (AM), and its context of operation, also determines the specific ... More
This chapter, which discusses the infrastructure of the new medical service for the indigenous population, the Assistance Médicale (AM), and its context of operation, also determines the specific aspects of French medicine in relation to the variety of indigenous medical practices it confronted. The instability in medical infrastructure was mirrored by instability in personnel assignments. Respect for the role of a Western doctor never materialized among the indigenous population, and salaries remained low while training became more straining. François-Marius Baudoin's acceptance of various Khmer medicines would cause some friction with the AM bureaucracy. His efforts to "localize" Western medicine by incorporating bits of Khmer traditional medicine were blocked by the medical administration. Henri-Charles Gérard's efforts to move medicine in the other direction, by transforming the hospital into a rationalized, depersonalized site of care, were thwarted by the lay population.Less
This chapter, which discusses the infrastructure of the new medical service for the indigenous population, the Assistance Médicale (AM), and its context of operation, also determines the specific aspects of French medicine in relation to the variety of indigenous medical practices it confronted. The instability in medical infrastructure was mirrored by instability in personnel assignments. Respect for the role of a Western doctor never materialized among the indigenous population, and salaries remained low while training became more straining. François-Marius Baudoin's acceptance of various Khmer medicines would cause some friction with the AM bureaucracy. His efforts to "localize" Western medicine by incorporating bits of Khmer traditional medicine were blocked by the medical administration. Henri-Charles Gérard's efforts to move medicine in the other direction, by transforming the hospital into a rationalized, depersonalized site of care, were thwarted by the lay population.
Keywords: medical service, indigenous population, Assistance Médicale, French medicine, medical infrastructure, Western doctor, Khmer medicines, François-Marius Baudoin, Henri-Charles Gérard
This place was here before our nations: Anacaona's Jaragua
Maria Cristina Fumagalli
in On the Edge: Writing the Border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic
Liverpool University Press
10.5949/liverpool/9781781381601.003.0004
Literature, World Literature
This chapter discusses three fictional reconstructions of the life of the Taíno Queen Anacaona, an important figure in early modern Hispaniola, by writers born in the Dominican Republic and Haiti: ... More
This chapter discusses three fictional reconstructions of the life of the Taíno Queen Anacaona, an important figure in early modern Hispaniola, by writers born in the Dominican Republic and Haiti: Salomé Ureña de Henríquez's Anacaona (1880); Jean Métellus's Anacaona (1986); and Edwidge Danticat's Anacaona: Golden Flower: Haiti, 1490 (2005). The chapter puts these texts in dialogue with each other and argues that they dramatise the ongoing tension between national narratives and island history while revisiting Anacaona's complex renegotiations of the 'border', which, in her time, was supposed to ring-fence the indigenous population from the Spanish colonists; Anacaona's renegotiations take place in an area which partly overlaps with the current borderland.Less
This chapter discusses three fictional reconstructions of the life of the Taíno Queen Anacaona, an important figure in early modern Hispaniola, by writers born in the Dominican Republic and Haiti: Salomé Ureña de Henríquez's Anacaona (1880); Jean Métellus's Anacaona (1986); and Edwidge Danticat's Anacaona: Golden Flower: Haiti, 1490 (2005). The chapter puts these texts in dialogue with each other and argues that they dramatise the ongoing tension between national narratives and island history while revisiting Anacaona's complex renegotiations of the 'border', which, in her time, was supposed to ring-fence the indigenous population from the Spanish colonists; Anacaona's renegotiations take place in an area which partly overlaps with the current borderland.
Keywords: fiction, Anacaona, Hispaniola, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Salomé Ureña de Henríquez, Jean Métellus, Edwidge Danticat, indigenous population, borderland
Richard Pugh and Brain Cheers
in Rural social work: International perspectives
Policy Press
10.1332/policypress/9781861347213.003.0009
Social Work, Social Policy
This book has emphasised the importance of recognising the diversity of rural contexts and rural lives, the necessity of an informed appreciation of local context, and, following from these, a ... More
This book has emphasised the importance of recognising the diversity of rural contexts and rural lives, the necessity of an informed appreciation of local context, and, following from these, a rejection of any homogenised approach to rural-social-work policy and practice. Some of the commonalities between Western developed countries are due to similarities in social-welfare systems and the fact that these countries are relatively wealthy and, thus, have considerable expenditures allocated to 'professionalised' systems of social work. There are other commonalities that derive from the social dynamics of small communities, in which higher social visibility and local cultures, and patterns of relationships, play a great part in how people view social difference and social problems and how these things are experienced. In some countries, similarities arise from the experience of colonisation, whose legacies have resulted in the marginalisation of indigenous populations, the health and welfare prospects of whom are, typically, considerably worse than those of the overall population.Less
Richard PughBrain Cheers
This book has emphasised the importance of recognising the diversity of rural contexts and rural lives, the necessity of an informed appreciation of local context, and, following from these, a rejection of any homogenised approach to rural-social-work policy and practice. Some of the commonalities between Western developed countries are due to similarities in social-welfare systems and the fact that these countries are relatively wealthy and, thus, have considerable expenditures allocated to 'professionalised' systems of social work. There are other commonalities that derive from the social dynamics of small communities, in which higher social visibility and local cultures, and patterns of relationships, play a great part in how people view social difference and social problems and how these things are experienced. In some countries, similarities arise from the experience of colonisation, whose legacies have resulted in the marginalisation of indigenous populations, the health and welfare prospects of whom are, typically, considerably worse than those of the overall population.
Keywords: rural social work, social welfare, social dynamics, small communities, social visibility, local cultures, colonisation, marginalisation, indigenous populations
The literary anthology as a tool of literary history
Rosemary Chapman
in What is Québécois Literature?: Reflections on the Literary History of Francophone Writing in Canada
The study of a selection of literary anthologies, used over the last one hundred years in Quebec shows the emergence of a core of literary texts, the exact composition of which has varied across the ... More
The study of a selection of literary anthologies, used over the last one hundred years in Quebec shows the emergence of a core of literary texts, the exact composition of which has varied across the decades as definitions of the literary corpus of francophone Canada have shifted, following changes in policy, population, and dominant ideology (from catholic to secular). The chapter begins with a survey of literary textbook production in Quebec from its beginnings in the 1830s to the present day, mapping the slow process of 'Canadianization' of textbooks in Quebec, in terms of authorship, production and content. It then analyses the presence of francophone Canadian literature within literary anthologies, the means by which francophone Canadian pupils would have been familiarized with the emerging literary canon. In the final section of the chapter the analysis focuses on the representation of First Nations, Inuit and Métis cultures within the corpus. Less
The study of a selection of literary anthologies, used over the last one hundred years in Quebec shows the emergence of a core of literary texts, the exact composition of which has varied across the decades as definitions of the literary corpus of francophone Canada have shifted, following changes in policy, population, and dominant ideology (from catholic to secular). The chapter begins with a survey of literary textbook production in Quebec from its beginnings in the 1830s to the present day, mapping the slow process of 'Canadianization' of textbooks in Quebec, in terms of authorship, production and content. It then analyses the presence of francophone Canadian literature within literary anthologies, the means by which francophone Canadian pupils would have been familiarized with the emerging literary canon. In the final section of the chapter the analysis focuses on the representation of First Nations, Inuit and Métis cultures within the corpus.
Keywords: anthology, textbook, Épreuve uniforme de français, indigenous population, Canadianization, Quebec
Soviet Power and Life in the Colonies, 1925–1929
Jonathan L. Dekel-Chen
in Farming the Red Land: Jewish Agricultural Colonization and Local Soviet Power, 1924-1941
The collaboration between foreign philanthropies and the Soviet authorities enabled thousands of Jews to leave the shtetls and settle in the agricultural colonies every winter throughout the second ... More
The collaboration between foreign philanthropies and the Soviet authorities enabled thousands of Jews to leave the shtetls and settle in the agricultural colonies every winter throughout the second half of the 1920s. The colonists faced fundamental difficulties as they made the transition from urban to rural life. The colonization was opposed by Tatar communists, who perceived it as a violation of the national integrity and political legitimacy of the Crimean Tatar Oblast. This chapter focuses on Soviet power and Jewish life in the agricultural colonies in Crimea and southern Ukraine in 1925–1929. It first examines the role of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)'s Joint Agricultural Corporation as a surrogate authority in the colonies before turning to a discussion of Moscow's propaganda campaign for the colonization. The chapter then examines the activities of rural cooperatives in Agro-Joint colonies during the 1920s, the impact of colonization on religious practices that engulfed Soviet Jewry during the New Economic Policy period, and the political conflicts with the indigenous populations triggered by Jewish colonization.Less
The collaboration between foreign philanthropies and the Soviet authorities enabled thousands of Jews to leave the shtetls and settle in the agricultural colonies every winter throughout the second half of the 1920s. The colonists faced fundamental difficulties as they made the transition from urban to rural life. The colonization was opposed by Tatar communists, who perceived it as a violation of the national integrity and political legitimacy of the Crimean Tatar Oblast. This chapter focuses on Soviet power and Jewish life in the agricultural colonies in Crimea and southern Ukraine in 1925–1929. It first examines the role of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)'s Joint Agricultural Corporation as a surrogate authority in the colonies before turning to a discussion of Moscow's propaganda campaign for the colonization. The chapter then examines the activities of rural cooperatives in Agro-Joint colonies during the 1920s, the impact of colonization on religious practices that engulfed Soviet Jewry during the New Economic Policy period, and the political conflicts with the indigenous populations triggered by Jewish colonization.
Keywords: colonization, Jews, agricultural colonies, Crimea, Ukraine, JDC, Joint Agricultural Corporation, rural cooperatives, religious practices, indigenous populations
I Tano' i Chamorro/Chamorro Land: Situating Sustainabilities through Spatial Justice and Cultural Perpetuation
Michael Lujan Bevacqua and Isa Ua Ceallaigh Bowman
in Sustainability: Approaches to Environmental Justice and Social Power
NYU Press
10.18574/nyu/9781479894567.003.0010
Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
In 2009, the U.S. Department of Defense announced its intention to drastically increase their military presence on the island of Guam. Although this "military buildup" was predicted to cause severe ... More
In 2009, the U.S. Department of Defense announced its intention to drastically increase their military presence on the island of Guam. Although this "military buildup" was predicted to cause severe damage to the island in environmental, social and economic terms, discourse from island leaders and media reports focused primarily on this increase as being the key to future "sustainability" for the island. This chapter argues that the notion of the military build-up as being "sustainable" was tied to historical militarization and colonization of the indigenous Chamorro people of the western Pacific over centuries, during which the United States has been elevated to the stature of a liberator and socioeconomic savior. This chapter surveys the scholarly literature on the effects of U.S. military "Draft Environmental Impact Statements" on indigenous populations, with particular regard to effects on the indigenous Chamorro people. This chapter also discusses the ways in which demilitarization and decolonization activists from local indigenous Chamorro groups such as Nasion Chamoru used the public comment period for the U.S. military's plans in order to disrupt the fantasy of the build-up's sustainability and help the local community develop a more critical position in relation to the military's own stated environmental impacts.Less
I Tano' i Chamorro/Chamorro Land : Situating Sustainabilities through Spatial Justice and Cultural Perpetuation
Michael Lujan BevacquaIsa Ua Ceallaigh Bowman
In 2009, the U.S. Department of Defense announced its intention to drastically increase their military presence on the island of Guam. Although this "military buildup" was predicted to cause severe damage to the island in environmental, social and economic terms, discourse from island leaders and media reports focused primarily on this increase as being the key to future "sustainability" for the island. This chapter argues that the notion of the military build-up as being "sustainable" was tied to historical militarization and colonization of the indigenous Chamorro people of the western Pacific over centuries, during which the United States has been elevated to the stature of a liberator and socioeconomic savior. This chapter surveys the scholarly literature on the effects of U.S. military "Draft Environmental Impact Statements" on indigenous populations, with particular regard to effects on the indigenous Chamorro people. This chapter also discusses the ways in which demilitarization and decolonization activists from local indigenous Chamorro groups such as Nasion Chamoru used the public comment period for the U.S. military's plans in order to disrupt the fantasy of the build-up's sustainability and help the local community develop a more critical position in relation to the military's own stated environmental impacts.
Keywords: Guam, Chamorro, U.S. military, sustainability, demilitarization, decolonization, military presence, indigenous populations
Mixed Medicines: Health and Culture in French Colonial Cambodia
Sokhieng Au
During the first half of the twentieth century, representatives of the French colonial health services actively strove to expand the practice of Western medicine in the frontier colony of Cambodia. ... More
During the first half of the twentieth century, representatives of the French colonial health services actively strove to expand the practice of Western medicine in the frontier colony of Cambodia. But as the French physicians ventured beyond their colonial enclaves, they found themselves negotiating with the plurality of Cambodian cultural practices relating to health and disease, negotiations that were marked by some success, a great deal of misunderstanding, and much failure. Bringing together historical vignettes, social and anthropological theory, and quantitative analyses, this book examines these interactions between the Khmer, Cham, and Vietnamese of Cambodia and the French, documenting the differences in their understandings of medicine and revealing the unexpected transformations that occurred during this period—for both the French and the indigenous population.Less
Mixed Medicines : Health and Culture in French Colonial Cambodia
During the first half of the twentieth century, representatives of the French colonial health services actively strove to expand the practice of Western medicine in the frontier colony of Cambodia. But as the French physicians ventured beyond their colonial enclaves, they found themselves negotiating with the plurality of Cambodian cultural practices relating to health and disease, negotiations that were marked by some success, a great deal of misunderstanding, and much failure. Bringing together historical vignettes, social and anthropological theory, and quantitative analyses, this book examines these interactions between the Khmer, Cham, and Vietnamese of Cambodia and the French, documenting the differences in their understandings of medicine and revealing the unexpected transformations that occurred during this period—for both the French and the indigenous population.
Keywords: colonial health services, Western medicine, Cambodia, cultural practices, Khmer, Cham, Vietnamese, indigenous population
Discrimination and Human Rights Law: Combating Racism
THEO VAN BOVEN
in Discrimination and Human Rights: The Case of Racism
Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter describes the different ways of fighting racism through the human rights law. The first section explores the perception of racism as an alien phenomenon and the denial and ... More
This chapter describes the different ways of fighting racism through the human rights law. The first section explores the perception of racism as an alien phenomenon and the denial and acknowledgement of these phenomena and related practices in different countries. The second section considers the victims of racial discrimination. It stresses that the first step in addressing racism is to ascertain the fate of the victims, among them the 'untouchables' in India, indigenous populations, and the migrant workers excluded from their communities despite their significant economic contribution. The third section looks at the role of the state in addressing such issues. The last section analyses the approach of Europe to the policies regarding racial discrimination.Less
This chapter describes the different ways of fighting racism through the human rights law. The first section explores the perception of racism as an alien phenomenon and the denial and acknowledgement of these phenomena and related practices in different countries. The second section considers the victims of racial discrimination. It stresses that the first step in addressing racism is to ascertain the fate of the victims, among them the 'untouchables' in India, indigenous populations, and the migrant workers excluded from their communities despite their significant economic contribution. The third section looks at the role of the state in addressing such issues. The last section analyses the approach of Europe to the policies regarding racial discrimination.
Keywords: racism, human rights law, Europe, racial discrimination, victims, indigenous populations, India, untouchables, migrant workers
European Alcohol in Contact 1500–1700: Non-European Worlds
Rod Phillips
in Alcohol: A History
University of North Carolina Press
10.5149/northcarolina/9781469617602.003.0008
History, Cultural History
This chapter looks at the role alcohol played in the efforts of Europeans to contact, conquer, and colonize regions in the Americas, Africa, and Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. When ... More
This chapter looks at the role alcohol played in the efforts of Europeans to contact, conquer, and colonize regions in the Americas, Africa, and Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. When Europeans sailed the vast distances to the Americas, Africa, and Asia, they took alcohol with them. Early explorers shared alcohol with the indigenous inhabitants they met, just as they used alcohol for hospitality purposes in Europe. As contact with specific regions became more regular and European settlements were established, traders and settlers began to introduce their alcoholic beverages on a more regular basis to the indigenous populations of regions as disparate as Peru, New England, and India. Eventually, as Europeans established permanent settlements, they planted vineyards, built breweries, and later constructed distilleries, making themselves self-sufficient in alcohol production in many parts of the non-European world.Less
European Alcohol in Contact 1500–1700 : Non-European Worlds
This chapter looks at the role alcohol played in the efforts of Europeans to contact, conquer, and colonize regions in the Americas, Africa, and Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. When Europeans sailed the vast distances to the Americas, Africa, and Asia, they took alcohol with them. Early explorers shared alcohol with the indigenous inhabitants they met, just as they used alcohol for hospitality purposes in Europe. As contact with specific regions became more regular and European settlements were established, traders and settlers began to introduce their alcoholic beverages on a more regular basis to the indigenous populations of regions as disparate as Peru, New England, and India. Eventually, as Europeans established permanent settlements, they planted vineyards, built breweries, and later constructed distilleries, making themselves self-sufficient in alcohol production in many parts of the non-European world.
Keywords: alcohol, Europeans, colonization, alcoholic beverages, indigenous populations
Living Apart Together
Peter Boomgaard
in Frontiers of Fear: Tigers and People in the Malay World, 1600-1950
History, Asian History
This chapter focuses on the main features of the historical relationship between tigers and people in the Malay world. The features examined are fear of the tiger, the struggle for power between ... More
This chapter focuses on the main features of the historical relationship between tigers and people in the Malay world. The features examined are fear of the tiger, the struggle for power between humans and tigers, and the tiger as a symbol of the frontier between nature and culture. The chapter argues that in many areas in the Malay world, the indigenous population had sufficient reasons to fear the tiger. Locally, the number of people killed by tigers could be quite high, and in many districts and villages the man-eater threat was permanently present. The chapter explores whether the notion that people and tigers are somehow related can be held simultaneously with ideas on fear and power struggles as main features in the tiger–human relationship. It also discusses the mutual influences of the two species, and the influence of both on their environment.Less
This chapter focuses on the main features of the historical relationship between tigers and people in the Malay world. The features examined are fear of the tiger, the struggle for power between humans and tigers, and the tiger as a symbol of the frontier between nature and culture. The chapter argues that in many areas in the Malay world, the indigenous population had sufficient reasons to fear the tiger. Locally, the number of people killed by tigers could be quite high, and in many districts and villages the man-eater threat was permanently present. The chapter explores whether the notion that people and tigers are somehow related can be held simultaneously with ideas on fear and power struggles as main features in the tiger–human relationship. It also discusses the mutual influences of the two species, and the influence of both on their environment.
Keywords: indigenous population, tiger–human relationship, species, environment, weretigers
Redefining the 'problem' and challenging the assumptions
Vaughan Robinson
in Spreading the 'burden'?: A review of policies to disperse asylum seekers and refugees
Sociology, Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies)
This chapter addresses the same 'facts' of the problem of clustering, but views them from a different perspective. It first considers whether the clustering of asylum seekers and refugees is an ... More
This chapter addresses the same 'facts' of the problem of clustering, but views them from a different perspective. It first considers whether the clustering of asylum seekers and refugees is an anomaly that is problematic and needs to be corrected. It then outlines the justifications that have been provided for dismantling clusters. Several arguments on dispersal are provided, as well as a suggestion that dispersal may be a response to a 'moral panic' within the indigenous population about the extent to which it feels it is losing its ability to maintain the purity of space. The chapter ends by listing some alternative solutions to the reconceptualised 'problem', which might render dispersal policies unnecessary.Less
This chapter addresses the same 'facts' of the problem of clustering, but views them from a different perspective. It first considers whether the clustering of asylum seekers and refugees is an anomaly that is problematic and needs to be corrected. It then outlines the justifications that have been provided for dismantling clusters. Several arguments on dispersal are provided, as well as a suggestion that dispersal may be a response to a 'moral panic' within the indigenous population about the extent to which it feels it is losing its ability to maintain the purity of space. The chapter ends by listing some alternative solutions to the reconceptualised 'problem', which might render dispersal policies unnecessary.
Keywords: clustering, asylum seekers, refugees, dispersal, moral panic, indigenous population, purity of space
Alcohol and Native Peoples 1800–1930: Race, Order, and Control
This chapter examines the interplay between alcohol and colonialism in Africa. Europeans brought their alcoholic beverages, attitudes, and consumption patterns with them to the rest of the world, and ... More
This chapter examines the interplay between alcohol and colonialism in Africa. Europeans brought their alcoholic beverages, attitudes, and consumption patterns with them to the rest of the world, and in Africa they encountered indigenous populations with their own alcoholic beverages and modes of consuming them. Europeans confronted alcohol in their far-flung colonies with policies ranging from laissez-faire to prohibition. In most cases policies went through a number of phases, each representing a different level of coercion and rigor. Colonial alcohol policies were fashioned from competing interests, notable among which was the revenues that colonial powers could obtain from taxing alcohol in their colonies.Less
Alcohol and Native Peoples 1800–1930 : Race, Order, and Control
This chapter examines the interplay between alcohol and colonialism in Africa. Europeans brought their alcoholic beverages, attitudes, and consumption patterns with them to the rest of the world, and in Africa they encountered indigenous populations with their own alcoholic beverages and modes of consuming them. Europeans confronted alcohol in their far-flung colonies with policies ranging from laissez-faire to prohibition. In most cases policies went through a number of phases, each representing a different level of coercion and rigor. Colonial alcohol policies were fashioned from competing interests, notable among which was the revenues that colonial powers could obtain from taxing alcohol in their colonies.
Keywords: alcohol consumption, colonies, Africa, Europe, indigenous populations, colonialism, alcohol policy, colonial policy
Peasants, servitude and unfreedom in Scotland, 1100–1350
Cynthia J. Neville
in Land, Law and People in Medieval Scotland
10.3366/edinburgh/9780748639588.003.0006
Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This chapter evaluates the other end of the social spectrum — the people at the lower ranks of Scottish society who experienced unfreedom and servility in the period between roughly 1100 and the ... More
This chapter evaluates the other end of the social spectrum — the people at the lower ranks of Scottish society who experienced unfreedom and servility in the period between roughly 1100 and the middle years of the fourteenth century. It explores the ways in which the changing economic, political, and social landscapes that marked the 'Anglo-Norman era' in Scotland affected people of low social rank, especially native Gaels. It argues that the conditions which transformed the social and legal status of a broad spectrum of the indigenous population in Ireland after 1171 were in many respects similar to those which affected peasants in the course of the 'Normanisation' of Scotland. It applies the methodologies and findings of Irish historians to Scottish charter texts in an effort to detect the otherwise muted voices of the tillers of the soil.Less
This chapter evaluates the other end of the social spectrum — the people at the lower ranks of Scottish society who experienced unfreedom and servility in the period between roughly 1100 and the middle years of the fourteenth century. It explores the ways in which the changing economic, political, and social landscapes that marked the 'Anglo-Norman era' in Scotland affected people of low social rank, especially native Gaels. It argues that the conditions which transformed the social and legal status of a broad spectrum of the indigenous population in Ireland after 1171 were in many respects similar to those which affected peasants in the course of the 'Normanisation' of Scotland. It applies the methodologies and findings of Irish historians to Scottish charter texts in an effort to detect the otherwise muted voices of the tillers of the soil.
Keywords: Scottish society, unfreedom, servility, native Gaels, Ireland, Scotland, indigenous population
Deflecting the Blame: Poverty and Personal Responsibility
Alyshia Gálvez
in Eating NAFTA: Trade, Food Policies, and the Destruction of Mexico
This chapter critiques some of the assumptions about the causes and solutions for obesity using anthropological and historical understandings of class and ethnic differences in Mexico. It unpacks ... More
This chapter critiques some of the assumptions about the causes and solutions for obesity using anthropological and historical understandings of class and ethnic differences in Mexico. It unpacks Mexico's policy response to obesity and diabetes, including its much lauded soda tax and poverty reduction policies, and demonstrates how a progressive and aggressive policy response has been stunted in ways that favor transnational food corporations, while deflecting the blame for diet-related illness onto individuals, especially women, and historically marginalized poor and indigenous populations. The chapter addresses the idea that better health and wellness can be achieved for the Mexican population through greater education and socialization into healthful ingredients and cooking styles, narrowly defined.Less
Deflecting the Blame : Poverty and Personal Responsibility
This chapter critiques some of the assumptions about the causes and solutions for obesity using anthropological and historical understandings of class and ethnic differences in Mexico. It unpacks Mexico's policy response to obesity and diabetes, including its much lauded soda tax and poverty reduction policies, and demonstrates how a progressive and aggressive policy response has been stunted in ways that favor transnational food corporations, while deflecting the blame for diet-related illness onto individuals, especially women, and historically marginalized poor and indigenous populations. The chapter addresses the idea that better health and wellness can be achieved for the Mexican population through greater education and socialization into healthful ingredients and cooking styles, narrowly defined.
Keywords: Soda tax, Anti-poverty policies, Food systems, Food policy, Public health, Indigenous populations, Mexico, Women, Mother blame

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Migration as an essential element in foreign policy and particularly in the relationships between Italy and Africa are the central themes of a conference organised by the Piedmont Centre for African Studies together with the Institute of International Affairs (IAI) at Italy's Foreign Ministry headquarters in Rome on Tuesday, January 12, 2016. The Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Paolo Gentiloni, and Pietro Marcenaro, President of the Piedmont Centre for African Studies will open the meeting.
The issue of displaced persons and refugees within the broader context of migration will be on the agenda. Speakers at the first session on "Migration, Rights and International Relations", to be moderated by Alberto Negri from Il Sole24Ore will include: Ferruccio Pastore from the European and International Forum on Migration Research (FIERI)), Gianni Bonvicini from the Institute of International Affairs and Luigi Manconi, president of the Italian Senate's Human Rights Commission. Speakers scheduled for the second session on "Migration and Relations between Italy and Africa", to be moderated by Ugo Melchionda, IDOS President, will be: Massimo Livi Bacci (President of Neodemos), Lia Quartapelle (from the Italian Chamber of Deputies' Foreign Affairs Commission), Mario Deaglio (Economist ), and Piero Fassino (President of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, ANCI).


Just like all of you, I get irritated by certain things. Most of the times I am pretty proud of myself, and I ignore it or leave the situation without saying a word. On occasion I allow my impulsive nature to get the better of me, and I just cannot help being sarcastic or, if the situation is one where I sense the person is genuinely seeking knowledge, providing my opinion. I always ask permission before I do that, though.
Now for all the times I have walked away, been the better person, and allowed common sense to override my more base instincts, I have decided to put my 'pen to paper' as a foil to building up on an overload of sarcasm or suffering a 'mordant caustic infarction'.
No, this is not a breaking down of gun myths follow on – this is a recognition of stupidity which has congruency within the gun world, training world, martial arts world or whatever moniker you want to foist upon yourself to artificially limit your thinking in your quest for belonging to a group.
Lets start it up with this "don't bring a knife to a gunfight' and its ever popular polar opposite 'never bring a gun to a knife fight'. Unless you are illustrating a point, this is a ridiculous statement to make. There are no knife fights or gun fights – there are only fights. A fight is not about the type of weapon you use but describes that physical, mental and physiological interaction where you will do whatever needs to be done to survive and get home. The type of tool is meaningful only in so far as it dictates the tactics you use at that moment. STOP limiting your own ability to see, understand and resolve a problem by channeling it only to one response bucket.
"Violence is never the answer". Wrong. Just plain wrong. Also stop telling your kids that. Violence is sometimes the only answer. A closed mind and a lack of understanding is never the answer. Face it, sometimes you have to fight to survive. That is just a truism of life today. What violence cannot be, is your only response mechanism – you need to have variety, but above all you need to be able to see, assess and understand the situation.
"I don't need to fight, I have a gun", or "only cowards have a knife", or "I don't go to dangerous places, I don't need a gun", or finally "these hands are lethal weapons!" EEERGGGHHHH. Whenever I hear people make one or all these statements, I have a mental image of "peaceful protestors" setting fire to cars. It is (to quote the great Jeremy Clarkson) "stupid, stupid, stupid". You need balance, you need options and no – your hands are not registered as lethal weapons. In fact no one but you cares about your martial arts exploits. It leads me back to my point about driving all problems to one solution bucket.
That previous point supports a natural segue into this one. "I don't go to the gym, I go to the range". Now I am not going to rewrite articles I have written, or that Rouen Heiberg has written. We have made the point that fitness is important, far more for your general quality of life than for just your self-defence capabilities. However, if I were to dwell on that specific element, then understand the basic psychology of the predator. Yes, the criminal is a predator. They will seek the easiest target first. If you move with awareness, balance and confidence (ABC) you are less likely to be selected as a viable target by a criminal. Being fit, strong and competent adds to that projection.
Stop seeking the cut and dried answer. Yes, yes – I wanted to say stop seeking the black and white answer, but then I would have created something for small minded people to fixate on. For those of us who have the mental capacity to ignore stupid "isms", I will expand. Defensive situations are rarely definitive until they are. We often seek positive affirmation of another's actions before initiating any of our own. We look at the robberies, attacks and critical events as having a defining, easily recognisable moment when they occur, and we shape our response to flow from that. Yet reality does not reflect that pipe dream consistently. Criminals are adept at disguising their intent in a myriad of fashions, and whilst they always exhibit signs and indications of an attack, these signs are far more subtle than most people appreciate.
When I say signs, I didn't mean those patterns of twigs, or the coke tin under the rock at your back gate which provides a veritable Rosetta stone of information to some would-be housebreaker. No. These urban legends are, however, symptomatic of a lack of understanding of the criminal dynamic and a result of so-called experts who pontificate on what criminals always do. Criminals always seek the easiest target with sufficient value to offset the risk that they must face in the simplest manner possible. What they don't do is leave coded signs for each other, fixate on a singular modus operandi, or pick up trash on the curb.
Another irritation point is "they burnt CDs and sent our entire family into a deep sleep before they broke in." Despite the fact that remedial science disputes that categorically, parent logic indicates that if that were the case, parents of young children would be the world's most prolific buyers of CDs and lighters in their quest to gains some sanity and alone time from their insomniac brood. People sleep, some more deeply than others. People also justify a lot of nocturnal sounds because they don't want to get out from under the warm covers. People believe that if they keep really still and quiet they will be ok. During my career as a police officer I served thousands of warrants, many of those on suspects who were armed and had a history of resisting arrest. In the vast majority of cases, we were through a security gate, the door and standing at the person's bed side before they woke up or had processed a cognitive thought.
Now I could go on and on, and I probably will revisit this or expand upon it going forward, but for today I wanted to leave you with this thought; the most effective self-defence tool you will ever possess is the liberal application of common sense, and the ability to shut-up and walk away from an argument with a fool.
Bryan Mennie is a professional risk and crisis manager. He has taught kidnap avoidance and hostage survival to various international organizations and has managed protective and security operations in over twenty countries in Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe.
You use all you can when confronted with violence. In SA there is no winner or loser. One survives and the other is dead. Use gun, knife, hands, chairs, spades, bricks or whatever is at hand to win. Train in proper hand to hand (no sporting codes with rules) , proper combat shooting and get fit enough to run around the block at least.
Just like you I guess…I have a tendency to get emotionally "extracted" by some comments and article's that I read and use to find myself way to often making comments that ends up consuming (rather wasting) to much energy and time. I am actually not sure what made me read this but I think the heading grabbed my intention. I am not going to elaborate on all the things you mentioned because it would just be repeating what you have already pointed out. I have been in a few hairy situations in my life and I think staying calm and let common sense prevail is always the best option. This pretty much goes for all things in life not just when faced with a life threatening situation. My point being is that I wish more people would read things like this instead of main stream horse sh!t. But then we are not all the same and therefore your and my common sense probably also differ dramatically from a lot of other people., But you already knew that because you make a living teaching other people what you see as common sense – LOL. But nice one bud. Good read and true in most cases. a Bit like don't steal candy when the store owner is looking at you. But then some still do…..Cheers.
My state has no castle doctrine and doesn't want the average law abiding citizen to be able to protect themselves but at 67 years of age there is only so much retreating, running and "physicality" that I can muster no matter how fit I am. I am not the guy I was 35 years ago and I was a fit and aggressive LEO and an Infantry Vietnam Vet. I am sure now I'm at the top of the human predator's victim list. I know that there are certain things at my age I can do to avoid being a victim mostly be aware of my surroundings. But if the SHTF I would be 0 to Gun pretty quickly as running and fighting are mostly out or limited as an option for seniors such as me. Just saying.
Your comment makes perfect sense to me, for what it's worth. Age and/or infirmity has a way of limiting one's options, sad to say.
On the article itself, excellent job from my layman's perspective. I'm too lazy to type the story of an incident that happened while in line at Starbuck's a couple years ago (a place that will never get another dime from me, but that's another subject), but being deferential to the person ahead of me who, apparently, had a huge chip on his shoulder, calmed a needlessly tense situation (man, that was a long sentence!). I was armed, of course, but I kept my ego in check and went about my day. Someone down the line will probably school the fool, it just won't be me.


I've had the privilege of working with some of the most talented and beautiful souls in the Tallahassee wedding industry. This shoot is evident of that. The Tallahassee wedding vendors involved with this shoot are all members of TAWP (Tallahassee Association of Wedding Professionals) and we teamed up to put on this Old Florida styled wedding for our upcoming Wedding Show.
If you know me, then you know I love love love Old Florida vibes. Think Greetings from Florida vintage postcard meets river cruise. We wanted to really punch up Pantone's 2019 Color of the Year, Coral, and what better way than with an Old Florida styled wedding?
If you follow any of the Tallahassee wedding vendors involved with this Old Florida styled wedding shoot on social media (links to everyone involved at the end), then you're going to see tons of this coral wedding inspiration in the coming days.
And if you're a recently engaged Tallahassee couple, then you really need to come to TAWP's 2019 Wedding Show. It's being held at the gorgeous Old Florida styled wedding venue you see in all these photos, The Lodge at Wakulla Springs.
For more inspiration on how to use Pantone's 2019 Color of the Year, Living Coral, check out my previous blog post. And check out these jaw-dropping florals by A Country Rose. This centerpiece was so stunning I had to capture it by itself, keep scrolling to see all the bouquets Annette provided. Perfect for this Old Florida styled wedding shoot.
So in keeping with the Old Florida styled wedding vibes, we decided on a dessert board. Not only are they super trendy right now, they were actually quite popular several decades ago. Ours featured citrus, local honey comb, and Florida shaped sugar cookies!
Look at those perfect pops of coral in the napkins and goblets too! Courtesy of A Piece Of Cake Event Planning. I can't get over how the tropical foliage hung down the side of the table. Oyster shells and citrus, along with gold chargers and capiz shell name cards really made this Old Florida styled wedding theme come to life.
This stunning gown from Vocelle's was exquisite. And the rosy-sand colored bridesmaid gowns paired with it perfectly.
And the wedding stationery for this Old Florida styled wedding pulled elements from both the vintage citrus and the everglades. Watercolor oranges and a stork tell guests exactly what to expect from this event.
So if you were wowed by this Old Florida styled wedding shoot, then you'll want to meet the vendors responsible for putting it all together. We'll be at the 2019 TAWP Wedding Show, Sunday March 3, 2-5pm at The Lodge. And if you opt to purchase the VIP Tickets, which I highly suggest, you'll get over $1500 worth of discounts. And you get your own super adorable reusable, Old Florida styled jute bag full of other goodies too!


جرّب أو ثبّت | احصل على جنو/لينكس!
Make the step – unless you wish to purchase a PC with GNU/Linux pre-installed, you can see what freedom looks like on your computer.
Using a live CD means that GNU/Linux will be running on your computer without installing anything. It's a risk-less way to try and see by yourself what GNU/Linux is.
When running on a live CD, your computer uses solely the CD-ROM to work (without accessing the hard drive inside). You can launch all of the default programs, edit documents, and browse the web.
Since it is only designed as a trial mode, it is a little slow (it will take you five minutes to boot up, and programs launch somewhat slowly). If you proceed to install, the system will go much faster.
To use a live CD, you need a little bit of curiosity and fifteen minutes of free time, but no advanced knowledge in computing. If you feel confident simply using Windows from time to time, then this is within your reach.
من الممكن تثبيت جنو/لينكس بجانب ويندوز. هذا يعني أن عند التشغيل، ستبادرك شاشة تسمح لك بتشغيل نظام التشغيل الذي تريده.
Setting up a dual-boot can be helpful if you need time to abandon restrictive software. It is not difficult to set-up, though erasing Windows altogether is even easier.
Installing GNU/Linux on your computer will take you less than 30 minutes. It is not an obvious step for complete beginners, but if you use computers on a daily basis this is very likely within your reach. If you have already re-installed Windows on your computer, rest assured that installing GNU/Linux is no harder.
For the distributions we recommend, the live CD (or DVD) is the same as the installation CD. You can either download and burn a CD yourself, or order a CD from a trusted vendor.
You can download an iso image (rather large file) and then burn it to a DVD or create a bootable USB stick. You can then use it to install Ubuntu onto your computer.
The Fedora live CD also enables installation. Follow the Fedora installation guide to get started with Fedora.
The Trisquel installation is very similar to that of Ubuntu.
Note: Purchased and downloaded CDs are identical! GNU/Linux is free software. You are simply paying a handling/shipping fee.
Not all computers are shipped with Windows. If you do not wish to make the install yourself, or are in need of new hardware, you can get a laptop or a desktop pre-installed with GNU/Linux. LinuxPreloaded.com has compiled a list of vendors pre-installing GNU/Linux just for that reason.


text:
Pfreimd è un comune tedesco di 5.570 abitanti, situato nel land della Baviera.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Comuni del circondario di Schwandorf

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Manitoba alfalfa growers wanted for sampling program
April 15, 2019 Forages
Planting summer annual crops for fall and winter pasture
A systems approach to cutting hay
Keeping sainfoin populations high beyond five years is a challenge
By Lisa Guenther
Crops, Features, Forages
By deferring grazing until later in the year, producers can use cattle to reseed sainfoin stands.
Photo: AAFC
Sometimes what's old is new again. That certainly holds true for sainfoin as forage breeders release new varieties designed for today's beef and forage operations.
Sainfoin is a non-bloating legume native to Europe and western Asia. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) released varieties such as Melrose and Nova in the 1970s and '80s. But these older varieties didn't stand up to more than one cut. As sainfoin struggled to hold its own in the stand for more than a few years, the pink-flowered forage fell out of fashion.
Carbon offset projects may provide financial opportunities
Still, sainfoin has its charms, including its condensed tannins. Condensed tannins bind with plant proteins in the cow's rumen, allowing her to digest them as bypass proteins, which prevents bloat.
By mixing sainfoin with alfalfa, the condensed tannins and non-bloating characteristics associated with sainfoin can reduce bloating incidence, says Dr. Alan Iwaasa, grazing management researcher with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) in Swift Current. Recent western Canadian studies show that alfalfa pastures with 20 to 25 per cent dry matter sainfoin seeded in alternate rows cuts bloat risk, notes AAFC's Sainfoin for Western Canada booklet. The condensed tannin levels are highest when sainfoin is at 50 per cent bloom.
Dr. Surya Acharya, an AAFC forage breeder in Lethbridge, set out to design sainfoin varieties suited to the modern beef producer. A few years ago, Acharya's breeding program released AAC Mountainview. Distributed by Northstar Seed, Mountainview has the regrowth potential to yield similar to alfalfa cultivars in a two- or three-cut system, Iwaasa says, as long as there's sufficient moisture.
However, Iwaasa says that Mountainview's regrowth potential might not be realized in drier conditions. For example, in the Swift Current area, producers were lucky to get one hay harvest in 2017 and 2018. In dry, single-cut scenarios, older cultivars such as Nova and Melrose can do quite well, he adds.
AAFC recently launched another sainfoin variety, AAC Glenview, now available through Union Forage.
Although Glenview came through Acharya's program, the design process was a little different. Unlike Mountainview and older varieties, Glenview was selected under grazing conditions, says Iwaasa. Glenview was developed from high-yielding material that regrows rapidly when grazed, the AAFC's booklet notes.
"And so its longevity or its ability to stay in the stand may be better — with the Glenview — under a grazing scenario," Iwaasa says.
AAFC's sainfoin varieties are most at home in the brown soil zone. Both Glenview and Mountainview were selected at Swift Current and Lethbridge, and so researchers tended to pick plants that lasted under drier conditions. The earlier program that produced Melrose and Nova was also based in the brown soil zone, says Iwaasa. All that makes for drought-tolerant legumes.
However, Surya has expanded the geographical region for selection, and some work is now done in Saskatoon. Iwaasa says the biggest challenge with expanding into wetter areas is likely to be disease resistance. Sainfoin could be vulnerable to disease, but Iwaasa says they need to do more research on this. AAFC's booklet notes that hardier sainfoin varieties can grow in many of the same areas as alfalfa.
Other benefits to growing sainfoin
It's not just sainfoin's condensed tannins that are on point. Animals like to graze the legume, and so sainfoin can be used to create a highly productive pasture, Iwaasa says. Sainfoin also ranks high in nitrogen use efficiency and helps growing animals use crude protein more effectively. That may be an advantage later in the grazing season, as protein content in some other forages declines, Iwaasa says. And new cultivars have good regrowth potential, so they can be grazed again and still cut the bloat risk of regrown alfalfa, he adds.
AAFC's booklet on sainfoin notes that condensed tannins damage gastrointestinal parasites and appear to reduce shedding of the dangerous E. coli O157:H7 strain. Sainfoin also may reduce atypical pneumonia/emphysema infections in pastured cattle.
Organic growers have been very interested in sainfoin, says Iwaasa. It also provides environmental benefits such as sustaining pollinators. There's also been some work showing condensed tannins may improve methane emissions.
"In essence you're improving efficiency of the animal's performance by not losing some of that energy towards greenhouse gasses such as methane," says Iwaasa.
Maintaining a sainfoin stand
Keeping those sainfoin populations high for more than five years is a challenge. Researchers have let some plots go to seed, dropping seed between the rows, but the plant's ability to reseed itself is very limited, says Iwaasa.
"Insect predation reduces the viability of the sainfoin seed and as a result, you don't really get the seed-to-soil contact by the seed just falling," he says. AAFC researchers in Swift Current and Lethbridge are examining ways to reseed sainfoin back into existing hay or grass stands.
But for producers who want their sainfoin stands to be more than a passing fad, the best reseeders might be the four-legged variety. Iwaasa says that "animal interaction seems to be very, very beneficial" to sainfoin reseeding.
When cattle graze sainfoin later in the year, they knock seeds from the plants and push the seed into the soil. This improves soil-to-seed contact. That animal interaction benefits all the sainfoin cultivars AAFC has released. Sainfoin starts flowering about two weeks before alfalfa and the seed should easily reach maturity by the end of August, says Iwaasa.
Consumed sainfoin seed that passes through a cow's system may germinate later as well. Iwaasa says they're looking at whether there's a benefit when seed goes through the digestive tract of a ruminant.
Producers can't realistically defer grazing on their sainfoin pastures every year, especially in dry years.
"However, it should be something you're always looking at and implementing as part of (your) management practices," says Iwaasa.
Environmental factors, such as moisture conditions, do play into reseeding success, says Iwaasa. For that reason, producers shouldn't wait until sainfoin populations have already declined five or six years after the initial seeding. Instead, defer grazing earlier in the cycle, in year three, for example, Iwaasa suggests. That way seeds constantly have a chance to germinate.
Perhaps the combination of informed grazing management, new cultivars and more research will transform sainfoin into a timeless classic on western Canadian ranches.
The recently updated Sainfoin for Western Canada booklet covers available cultivars, nutritional qualities, stand establishment, production economics and grazing management. Producers can download the booklet from the AAFC website or get hard copies from Dr. Alan Iwaasa or AAFC extension specialists in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Lisa Guenther
Lisa Guenther is the editor of Canadian Cattlemen. You can follow her on Twitter @LtoG.
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