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2.2 Complex Multi-Dimensional DFTs

Multi-dimensional transforms work much the same way as one-dimensional
transforms: you allocate arrays of fftw_complex (preferably
using fftw_malloc), create an fftw_plan, execute it as
many times as you want with fftw_execute(plan), and clean up
with fftw_destroy_plan(plan) (and fftw_free).  The only
difference is the routine you use to create the plan:

fftw_plan fftw_plan_dft_2d(int nx, int ny,
                           fftw_complex *in, fftw_complex *out,
                           int sign, unsigned flags);
fftw_plan fftw_plan_dft_3d(int nx, int ny, int nz,
                           fftw_complex *in, fftw_complex *out,
                           int sign, unsigned flags);
fftw_plan fftw_plan_dft(int rank, const int *n,
                        fftw_complex *in, fftw_complex *out,
                        int sign, unsigned flags);

These routines create plans for nx by ny two-dimensional
(2d) transforms, nx by ny by nz 3d transforms,
and arbitrary rank-dimensional transforms, respectively.  In the
third case, n is a pointer to an array n[rank] denoting
an n[0] by n[1] by ... by n[rank-1]
transform.  All of these transforms operate on contiguous arrays in
the C-standard <dfn>row-major</dfn> order, so that the last dimension has
the fastest-varying index in the array.  This layout is described
further in Multi-dimensional Array Format.

You may have noticed that all the planner routines described so far
have overlapping functionality.  For example, you can plan a 1d or 2d
transform by using fftw_plan_dft with a rank of 1
or 2, or even by calling fftw_plan_dft_3d with nx
and/or ny equal to 1 (with no loss in efficiency).  This
pattern continues, and FFTW's planning routines in general form a
"partial order," sequences of
interfaces with strictly increasing generality but correspondingly
greater complexity.

fftw_plan_dft is the most general complex-DFT routine that we
describe in this tutorial, but there are also the advanced and guru interfaces,
which allow one to efficiently combine multiple/strided transforms
into a single FFTW plan, transform a subset of a larger
multi-dimensional array, and/or to handle more general complex-number
formats.  For more information, see FFTW Reference.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Canada's Liberal Party pledges to replace British Columbia net-pens with RAS if re-elected
Jason Huffman
Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau has released his Liberal Party's full campaign platform, seeming to declare that it would move all aquaculture in the province of British Columbia to closed containment by 2025.
The Liberal Party of Canada's platform states the government would move B.C. Aquaculture production to land by 2025
The change threatens the country's largest fish farming province by far, with 127 marine finfish operations owned by some of the largest companies in the industry, including Mowi, Grieg and Cermaq. Together they harvest nearly 90,000 metric tons of Atlantic salmon annually.
The Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance (CAIA) told Undercurrent News on Monday morning that it was still studying the document and not yet prepared to respond. Undercurrent had also yet to hear back from the British Columbia Salmon Farmers Association.
Canadian election looms with big consequences for aquaculture
As Canada's Oct. 21 election looms, the contest between Trudeau's Liberals and the challenger Andrew Scheer-led Conservative Party has tightened, with the Conservatives pulling ahead in the polls less than a week ago with a three-to-five point lead, based on multiple polling services reported on by Agence France-Presse.
The recent surge by the Conservatives has reportedly been helped by the controversy surrounding the recent emergence of pictures showing Trudeau has worn black or brown face on multiple occasions, including as recently as 2001, though as many as 11% of voters remain undecided, according to the polls.
It's customary for the political parties in a Canadian general election to release new platforms just before the vote, but the 85-page document Trudeau unveiled on Sunday, Sept. 29, includes several initiatives that might boost his party's appeal, including a commitment to provide funds to support post-secondary student and graduates largely with new taxes on internet giants and luxury goods, the CBC reported.
The federal minimum wage would rise to CAD 15 ($11.32) per hour and the government would create a CAD 200 "culture pass" available to children 12 and over to cover the cost of theaters, museums, art galleries and other cultural venues.
Pierre Pollievre, one leader of the Conservative Party, which has yet to release its own platform, has criticized the Liberals' plan as "Justin Trudeau's credit card campaign", saying it increases the spending with no plan to balance the budget.
However, the parts of the plan that are of most consequence to the Canadian aquaculture industry come under the document's category of "Healthy Oceans". The Liberal Party pledges there that it will "protect the health of Canada's oceans" on behalf of "the people whose livelihoods depend on them and to the marine species, including whales and commercial fishing stocks, that cannot exist without them".
"To keep Canada's oceans healthy, we will move forward with more investments in marine science and fighting invasive species, and will work with coastal communities, Indigenous communities, and others to better protect fish stocks and marine habitats from changes resulting from climate change," the online document reads. "This will include introducing Canada's first-ever Aquaculture Act.
"In British Columbia, we will work with the province to develop a responsible plan to transition from open net-pen salmon farming in coastal waters to closed containment systems by 2025."
Aquaculture Act is a ray of sunshine for industry
As for the focus on better protecting fish stocks, Paul Lansbergen, president of the Fisheries Coalition of Canada (FCC), the voice of the Canadian wild catch fishing industry, responded to a request for comment from Undercurrent by noting that his group "advocates science-based decision making, including analysis to inform targets and goals".
Lansbergen said FCC "will work with the next government on these important issues with a focus on all three pillars of sustainable development – environmental, economic and social."
"FCC supports ocean science investments, particularly with a focus on adapting to climate change. We look forward to working with [Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans] to ensure our fisheries remain sustainable in the face of climate change," he said.
And, while the planned replacement of BC's net pens with recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) would be bad news for Canada's aquaculture industry, the plan to introduce the Aquaculture Act is one ray of sunshine.
The bill being discussed is expected to give the industry the same kind of governmental boost already enjoyed by salmon farmers in Norway, Scotland and Chile, while also creating a separate insurance program for Canadian salmon farmers, similar to the crop insurance benefits enjoyed by the country's land farmers.
It's "critical" that the Canadian aquaculture industry has a "modern piece of legislation" to give it legitimacy, allow the federal government to better coordinate with the provinces and, most important to CAIA, identify a department at the federal level that supports the aquaculture sector, the CAIA's president and CEO Tim Kennedy told Undercurrent in December.
He was talking about the news then that the fisheries ministers in all 10 of Canada's provinces agreed to support the administration's initiative, which would amend the Fisheries Act, C-68. CAIA has been championing the notion of a separate aquaculture law for six years.
The country's Senate Committee on Fisheries and Oceans delivered a report to the full upper chamber in June 2016 that gave 10 recommendations aimed at doubling sustainable aquaculture production in 10 years, including the passage of an aquaculture act. The federal government, in November 2016, committed to exploring options for such legislation reform.
Canada ranks fourth among salmon-producing countries in the world, behind Norway, Chile and the United Kingdom, and 26th in total aquaculture production, behind China, Indonesia, India and Vietnam, DFO noted. Aquaculture represents about a third of Canada's total seafood value and 20% of its production, it said.
New rules for tracing and labeling
The Liberal Party raised another issue of importance to the seafood industry as well, noting under a separate section, entitled "More Accurate Labeling", it's plans for boosting confidence in Canadian seafood products.
"Because of illegal fishing and complex international supply chains, it's estimated that more than 40% of the fish and seafood products sold in Canadian stores and restaurants are mislabeled," the document said. "This makes it difficult for people to know what they are eating, and undermines confidence in Canada's own fishing industries.
"To combat this type of fraud and help Canadian fishers better market their high-quality products, we will move forward with a 'boat-to-plate' traceability program, developed in partnership with industry and environmental leaders."
Iceland's cod sales to Spain rocket as other main markets declineThere's some concern about the new MPA targets and stability of access issues.
"FCC acknowledges the need to protect the world's oceans and fish resources. In fact, our sector contributes to that through strong sustainable fisheries management, as evidenced by our world leading adoption of third-party certification."
FCC's Lansbergen applauds the idea of working to improve the accuracy of seafood labels, noting that his group has been working with the Canadian Food Inspection agency on how to address the issue.
"FCC firmly believes that the accuracy of labeling is much greater than suggested," Lansbergen said. "Canadians benefit from a strong food safety system. They can have confidence buying seafood."
Contact the author jason.huffman@undercurrentnews.com
https://www.undercurrentnews.c...
Cooke Aquaculture proposes $58M salmon hatchery on Digby Neck
Retired doctor donates 24-hectare wilderness property to NS
Maine salmon producer denies allegations it misled consumers
Final Penobscot salmon estimate for last year drops by nearly 200 fish

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Childcare didn't take the Castle Hotel in Manchester by storm, no, they took it with humble modesty that you'd expect from any band touring Manchester for the first time. It was far too easy to fall in love with their vibrant southern Indie Pop styling which seeped into the crowd as they indulged us with some of their finest hits including their latest single Put Down Your Pen, released on 21/11/2017. The experience which the band reverently offered to their handful of fans was simplistic, yet powerful enough to move the entire room with their charm and quintessential flamboyance. Even on a cold and drizzly Thursday night, they managed to pack out The Castle Hotel, which has been a cornerstone to Manchester's music scene for decades. It's easy for bands to get swallowed up in the musical Mecca that is the Northern Quarter in Manchester, but for me, Childcare stood out with their adoringly Twee fashion. Opening for Childcare was the Manchester grown support act Sonic Bliss Machine, a home-grown band that knew how to please a Northern crowd with their Alternative, Psychedelic sound.
The ubiquitously talented quartet finished 2016 by playing a nationwide tour with Bastille. Though it's hard to imagine them addressing thousands in an arena crowd after such an intimate experience with the band. They immersed themselves in the crowd, offering witticisms that invoked genuine humour within the atmosphere. There was no grandiosity to the performance but a refreshing taste of simplistic humility that I could have listened to for hours. Sadly, it was a relatively short set one which left me insatiable for their sound after they finished on the uproar of one of their well-known hits Kiss.
At points throughout the gig, it was hard not to compare the enigmatic front man to Bez from the Happy Mondays as he jangled his tambourine with his enthralling passion. The performance almost had a nostalgic air to it, as the young fans, which made up most of the crowd got a taste of what it was like to listen to their favourite bands in the Hacienda. His reproach to his performance was anything but reserved, he eliminated any space that stood between the sound and the audience as they played their hits seamlessly, never missing a beat. There were a few mishaps during the show, but that only extended my admiration for the band. From start to finish it was evident they enjoyed their performance as much as every person in the crowd. There was an uproar as they played their well-known anthem Getting Over You which was undeniably the highlight of the show. No review of Childcare would be complete without a notable mention to the bassist & back up vocalist that soaked selected songs in bass heavy riffs that were full of angelic soul. She charmed the audience with genuine charisma and raw talent.


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The author of this biography was Dr. Deming's assistant for 39 years, and she gives the best personal look at the man and his work. The book includes important papers, such as a proposed Code of Ethics for Statisticians, Notes on Quality Care in Medicine, and the historical Lecture to Top Managers in Japan in 1950. Included is a bibliography of publications, all academic and honorary degrees, international activities, and musical composition.


Amphiura filiformis arms visible in circalittoral muddy sand.
Cohesive sandy mud off wave exposed coasts with weak tidal streams can be characterized by super-abundant Amphiura filiformis with Kurtiella bidentata (syn. Mysella bidentata) and Abra nitida. This community occurs in muddy sands in moderately deep water (Hiscock 1984; Picton et al., 1994) and may be related to the 'off-shore muddy sand association' described by other workers (Jones, 1951; Thorson, 1957; Mackie, 1990) and is part of the infralittoral etage described by Glemarec. This community is also characterized by the sipunculid Thysanocardia procera and the polychaetes Nephtys incisa, Phoronis sp. and Pholoe sp., with cirratulids also common in some areas. Other taxa such as Nephtys hombergii, Echinocardium cordatum, Nucula nitidosa, Callianassa subterranea and Eudorella truncatula may also occur in offshore examples of this biotope (e.g. Knitzer et al., 1992). (Information taken from Connor et al., 2004).
The characterizing and other species in this biotope occupy space in the habitat but their presence is most likely primarily determined by the occurrence of a suitable substratum rather by interspecific interactions. Amphiura filiformis and Echinocardium cordatum are functionally dissimilar and are not always necessarily associated with each other but occur in the same muddy sediment habitats. There is no information regarding possible interactions between these species. In addition to Amphiura filiformis and Echinocardium cordatum, the biotope supports a fauna of burrowing species such as Callianassa subterranea and smaller less conspicuous species, such as polychaetes, nematodes and bivalves, living within the sediment.
There are however some interspecific relationships within the biotope. The bivalve Tellimya (=Montacuta) ferruginosa is a commensal of Echinocardium cordatum, and as many as 14 or more of this bivalve have been recorded with a single echinoderm. Adult specimens live freely in the burrow of Echinocardium cordatum, while the young are attached to the spines of the echinoderm by byssus threads (Fish & Fish, 1996). The amphipod crustacean Urothe marina (Bate) is another common commensal (Hayward & Ryland, 1995).
Most of the species living in deep mud biotopes are generally cryptic in nature and not usually subject to predation. However, the arms of Amphiura filiformis are an important food source for demersal fish and Nephrops norvegicus providing significant energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Increased nutrients leading to eutrophication processes (increased primary production) may contribute to increase the accumulation of hydrophobic contaminants in Amphiura filiformis and their transfer to higher trophic levels (Gunnarsson & Skold, 1999). Evidence of predation on Virgularia mirabilis by fish seems limited to a report by Marshall & Marshall (1882 in Hoare & Wilson, 1977), where the species was found in the stomach of haddock. Observations by Hoare & Wilson (1977) suggest, however, that predation pressure on this species is low. Many specimens of Virgularia mirabilis lack the uppermost part of the colony which has been attributed to nibbling by fish. The sea slug Armina loveni is a specialist predator of Virgularia mirabilis.
In their investigation of density dependent migration in Amphiura filiformis, Rosenberg et al. (1997) calculated in areas of high density of the species (3000 individuals per m2), the area of sediment at about 3 to 4cm depth covered by disks of Amphiura filiformis can be estimated as 22%. The capacity of such a density of brittle stars to displace sediment can be calculated at 0.18 m2 per hour. Thus, movement of Amphiura filiformis should generate a more or less continuous displacement of sediment and be of great significance to the biogeochemical processes in the sediment.
The burrowing and feeding activities of Amphiura filiformis modify the fabric and increase the mean particle size of the upper layers of the substrata by aggregation of fine particles into faecal pellets. Such actions create a more open fabric with a higher water content which affects the rigidity of the seabed (Rowden et al., 1998). Such destabilization of the seabed can affect rates of particle resuspension. At a permanent monitoring station in Galway Bay, the brittle star Amphiura filiformis consistently ranks third among the numerically dominant species. On this basis and due to its effect on the sediment (Ocklemann & Muus, 1978), it is tentatively given 'keystone' status within the community in question (O'Conner et al., 1983).
The openings of the burrows of Callianassa subterranea provide temporary refuge for fish such as the black goby Gobius niger and the sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus. Occasional errant polychaetes, particularly polynoid worms, inhabit the burrows (Nickell & Atkinson, 1995).
The bioturbatory activities of thalassinidean mud-shrimps such as Callianassa subterranea have important consequences for the structural characteristics of the sediment they inhabit.
The hydrodynamic regime, which in turn controls sediment type, is the primary physical environmental factor structuring benthic communities such as CMS.AfilEcor. The hydrography also affects the water characteristics in terms of salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen. It is also widely accepted that food availability (see Rosenberg, 1995) and disturbance, such as that created by storms (see Hall, 1994), are also important factors determining the distribution of species in benthic habitats.
Species such as Amphiura filiformis and Echinocardium cordatum are long-lived and are unlikely to show any significant seasonal changes in abundance or biomass. The numbers of some of the other species in the biotope may show peak abundances at certain times of the year due to seasonality of breeding and larval recruitment.
Burrowing activity of the mud shrimp Callianassa subterranea in the North Sea appears to be seasonal (Rowden & Jones, 1997). Relatively little activity was observed in the period January - April, before a steady increase through spring and early summer, reaching a maximum at the end of the summer and a decline in autumn and winter. In January, when bioturbatory activity was low the seabed appeared essentially flat and smooth , whilst in September the bed was littered with numerous mounds and depressions.
One of the key factors affecting benthic habitats is disturbance, which in shallow subtidal habitats will increase in winter due to weather conditions. Storms may cause dramatic changes in distribution of macro-infauna by washing out dominant species, opening the sediment to recolonization by adults and/or available spat/larvae (Eagle, 1975; Rees et al., 1977; Hall, 1994) and by reducing success of recruitment by newly settled spat or larvae (see Hall, 1994 for review). For example, during winter gales along the North Wales coast (Rees et al., 1976) northerly gales threw piles of Echinocardium cordatum on to the strand line and the author suggests these events are not uncommon. Lawrence (1989) also reports that Echinocardium cordatum and other organisms such as bivalves and brittlestars can be washed out of the sediment by water currents generated by gales.
The biotope has very little structural complexity with most species living in or on the sediment. The sediment expelled by Callianassa subterranea forms unconsolidated volcano-like mounds, which can significantly modify the seabed surface topography (Rowden et al., 1998). The sea pen, Virgularia mirabilis, and the anemone Cerianthus lloydii extend above the sediment surface, although these do not occur in high numbers and apart from a couple of species of nudibranch living on the sea pens, these species do not provide significant habitat for other fauna.
Some structural complexity is provided by animal burrows although these are generally simple. The burrows of Echinocardium cordatum, for example, provide a habitat for other species such as the small bivalve Tellimya (=Montacuta) ferruginosa. Most species living within the sediment are limited to the area above the anoxic layer, the depth of which will vary depending on sediment particle size and organic content. The mud shrimp Callianassa subterranea creates complex burrow systems consisting of a multi-branched network of tunnels connected to several inhalant shafts, each terminating in a funnel shaped opening to the surface. The presence of burrows of species such as Echinocardium cordatum and Callianassa subterranea allows a much larger surface area of sediment to become oxygenated, and thus enhance the survival of a considerable variety of small species (Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978). Burrows also create habitats for other animals such as clams and polychaetes.
Deposit feeders manipulate, sort and process sediment particles which may result in destabilization and bioturbation of the sediment which inhibits survival of suspension feeders. This can result in a change in the vertical distribution of particles in the sediment that may facilitate vertical stratification of some species with particle size preferences. Vertical stratification of species according to sediment particle size has been observed in some soft-sediment habitats (Peterson, 1977).
Productivity in subtidal sediments is often quite low. Macroalgae are absent from CMS.AfilEcor and so productivity is mostly secondary, derived from detritus and organic material. Allochthonous organic material is derived from anthropogenic activity (e.g. sewerage) and natural sources (e.g. plankton, detritus). Autochthonous organic material is formed by benthic microalgae (microphytobenthos e.g. diatoms and euglenoids) and heterotrophic micro-organism production. Organic material is degraded by micro-organisms and the nutrients are recycled. The high surface area of fine particles provides surface for microflora. However, the arms of Amphiura filiformis are an important food source for demersal fish and Nephrops norvegicus, providing significant energy transfer to higher trophic levels.
Studies of Amphiura filiformis suggest autumn recruitment (Buchanan, 1964) and spring and autumn recruitments (Glémarec, 1979). Using a 265µm mesh size, Muus (1981) identified a peak settlement period in the autumn with a maximum of 6800 recruits per m2. Muus (1981) shows the mortality of these settlers to be extremely high with less than 5% contributing to the adult population in any given year. In Galway Bay populations, small individuals make up ca. 5% of the population in any given month, which also suggests the actual level of input into the adult population is extremely low (O'Connor et al., 1983). The species is thought to have a long pelagic life so recruitment can come from distant sources.
In Echinocardium cordatum the sexes are separate and fertilization is external, with the development of a pelagic larva (Fish & Fish, 1996). The fact that Echinocardium cordatum is to be found associated with several different bottom communities would indicate that the larvae are not highly selective and discriminatory and it is probable that the degree of discrimination in 'larval choice' becomes diminished with the age of the larvae (Buchanan, 1966). Metamorphosis of larvae takes place within 39 days after fertilization (Kashenko, 1994). On the north-east coast of England a littoral population bred for the first time when three years old. In the warmer waters of the west of Scotland breeding has been recorded at the end of the second year (Fish & Fish, 1996). Buchanan (1967) observed that offshore populations were very slow growing and did not appear to reach sexual maturity, so recruitment may be sporadic in places. However, since Buchanan (1967) also found that intertidal populations bred every year, recruitment should take place on an annual basis.
Many of the other species in the biotope, including Callianassa subterranea and Virgularia mirabilis appear to have planktonic larvae so much recruitment to the biotope may be from distant sources.
No evidence on community development was found. However, the two key species Amphiura filiformis and Echinocardium cordatum are long lived and take a relatively long time to reach reproductive maturity. It takes approximately 5-6 years for Amphiura filiformis to grow to maturity so population structure will probably not reach maturity for at least this length of time. In addition, Muus (1981) shows the mortality of new settling Amphiura filiformis to be extremely high with less than 5% contributing to the adult population in any given year. In Galway Bay (O'Connor et al., 1983) populations, small individuals make up ca. 5% of the population in any given month, which also suggests the actual level of input into the adult population is extremely low. Echinocardium cordatum breed for the first time when two to three years old. Recruitment of Echinocardium cordatum is often sporadic with reports of recruiting in only 3 years over a 10 year period (Buchanan, 1966), although this relates to subtidal populations. Intertidal individuals reproduce more frequently. Many of the other species in the biotope, such as polychaetes and bivalves, are likely to reproduce annually. However, because the key species in the biotope, Amphiura filiformis and Echinocardium cordatum, are long lived and take several years to reach maturity, the time for the overall community to reach maturity is also likely to be several years.
Ennucula tenuis (syn. Nuculoma tenuis) is a small bivalve typically 1-2 cm in length and is free-living within sediments (MES, 2010). Harvey & Gage (1995) investigated reproduction and recruitment of the species from the Loch Etive, Scotland. They observed that synchronized spawning occurred in the winter, although no recruitment peak was evident, with benthic post-larvae present throughout the year. The authors also noted that there was spatial segregation occurring between adults and post-larvae, and suggested that high densities of adults could inhibit successful settlement and growth of post-larvae. Spawning of nuculids was restricted to a few months of the year (Harvey & Gage, 1995), and appeared to be controlled by endogenous factors, as well as environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, light, tidal period and food available. In Nucula nitidosa from the German Bight, the timing of spawning in the summer and autumn was attributed to the seasonal rise in temperature during the summer months. At Plymouth, however, the same species appeared to breed in winter when bottom temperatures are falling, as is the case in Pronucula tenuis from Loch Etive (Harvey & Gage, 1995). The availability of a suitable food supply during the months prior to spawning may be a more potent determinant of spawning time (Berry, 1989; Tyler et al., 1992, both cited in Harvey & Gage, 1995), with annual variation in the availability and quality of food determining the exact time of spawning in any one year. The remaining evidence is based on related species Nucula nitidosa. The lifespan of Nucula nitidosa ranges from 7-10 years (Wilson, 1992). It takes 2-3 years for Nucula nitidosa to reach sexual maturity (Davis & Wilson, 1983b), and reproduce in high numbers. Once hatched, Nucula nitidosa larvae spend a short time in the water column (a few days), which reduces the risk of predation. However, juveniles do not have a high dispersal potential as they settle in the vicinity of the adults (Thorson, 1946).
Sensitivity assessment: The characterizing species of the biotopes are widely distributed and likely to occur both north and south of the British Isles, where typical surface water temperatures vary seasonally from 4-19°C (Huthnance, 2010). No information was found on the maximum temperature tolerated by the characterizing species. Elevated temperatures may affect growth of some of the characterizing species, but no mortality is expected. It is therefore likely that the characterizing species are able to resist a long-term increase in temperature of 2°C. However, Thyasira spp. may suffer some mortality because of an acute increase in temperature. So resistance is therefore assessed as Medium (loss <25%) for SS.SMu.CSaMu.ThyNten, and High for the remaining biotopes. Resilience is likely to be High, so SS.SMu.CSaMu.ThyNten is considered to have Low sensitivity to an increase in temperature at the pressure benchmark level, whereas the remaining biotopes are considered Not Sensitive.
Salinity may affect the structural and functional properties of bivalve organisms through changes in total osmotic concentration, relative proportion of solutes, coefficients of adsorption and saturation of dissolved gases and density and viscosity (Kinne, 1964, cited in Dame, 1996). There are records of Kurtiella bidentata (studied as Mysella bidentata) in Kinsale Harbour at salinities ranging from 19.3-35.0 (O'Brien & Keegan, 2006). However, Gogina et al. (2010a) reported that Kurtiella bidentata (studied as Mysella bidentata) showed a strong positive correlation with salinity varying at a factor of 8.30-27.10 psu, which suggested that the species was affected adversely at the low end of the range. According to Budd (2007), the change would be likely to cause inhibition of growth and reproduction, and exposure to low salinity may result in some mortality of Abra spp.. Thyasira spp. inhabit waters of reduced salinity with 25-30 psu being optimal. However, adults exposed to lower than optimal salinities produced non-viable or slow developing eggs (Jackson, 2007). There is insufficient information regarding the effects of salinity on adults.
Sensitivity assessment: The evidence presented suggests that not all characterizing species of the biotopes are likely to resist a decrease in salinity at the pressure benchmark level. Resistance is therefore assessed as Low (loss of 25-75%) but with low confidence. Once prior conditions are resumed, resilience is probably Medium so sensitivity is therefore assessed as Medium.
Abra spp. can live in polluted sediments (Dauvin, pers. comm.), for example, near Calais where high densities of Abra alba were found in sediment containing 8 mg/g iron and 4 mg/g titanium (Dewarumez et al., 1976). The capacity of bivalves to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues, far in excess of environmental levels, is well known. Bryan (1984) stated that Hg is the most toxic metal to bivalve molluscs while Cu, Cd and Zn seem to be most problematic in the field. In bivalve molluscs Hg was reported to have the highest toxicity, mortalities occurring above 0.1-1 g/l after 4-14 days exposure (Crompton, 1997), toxicity decreasing from Hg > Cu and Cd > Zn > Pb and As > Cr ( in bivalve larvae, Hg and Cu > Zn > Cd, Pb, As, and Ni > to Cr).
Sensitivity assessment: No direct evidence of the characterizing species' specific tolerances to organic enrichment was found. Typically, an increasing gradient of organic enrichment results in a decline in the suspension feeding fauna and an increase in the number of deposit feeders, in particular polychaete worms (Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978), which could result in significant change in the community composition of sedimentary habitats. Forrest et al. (2009) identified that the recovery of muddy sediments beneath fish farms from enrichment can be highly variable and may be many years at poorly flushed sites, such as those where these biotopes tend to occur. In summary, some mortality of the characterizing species of these biotopes is likely to occur, either as a direct result of a deposit of 100 gC/m2 over the period of one year, or indirect result of hypoxia. Resistance is therefore assessed as Low (loss of 25-75%), but with low confidence. Resilience is likely to be Medium, so that the biotopes are assessed as Medium sensitivity to organic enrichment at the pressure benchmark level.
Activities that disturb the surface and penetrate below the surface would remove /damage infaunal species such as the characterizing species within the direct area of impact. The footprint of the impact will depend on the type of gear used (Hall et al., 2008). The biotopes occur in muddy sands (Connor et al., 2004), so penetrative activities (e.g. anchoring, scallop or suction dredging) and damage to the seabed's sub-surface is likely to remove and/or damage the infaunal community, including the characterizing species, given that bottom fishing gears penetrate deeper into softer sediments (Bergman & Van Santbrink, 2000). Direct mortality (percentage of initial density) of Amphiura species from a single pass of a beam trawl was estimated from experimental studies on sandy and silty grounds as 9%, 20-65% for bivalves and 5-40% for gastropods, starfish, small-medium sized crustaceans and annelid worms, including Kurtiella bidentata (studied as Mysella bidentata) as 4%. Some mortality was not caused directly by the passage of the trawl, but instead by disturbance, exposure and subsequent predation (Bergman & Van Santbrink, 2000). Ball et al. (2000b) reported on the short-term effects of fishing on benthos from a mud patch in the north western part of the Irish Sea investigated in 1994–1996 by means of samples taken both before and shortly after (ca 24 hr) fishing activity. Kurtiella bidentata (studied as Mysella bidentata) was one of the species that was common at the inshore site and for which estimates of mortality were calculated and was uncommon or totally absent on the offshore fishing ground. Direct mortality from passage of an otter trawl was estimated as 70%. The delicate shells of Abra spp. are vulnerable to physical damage (e.g. by otterboards), but its small size relative to meshes of commercial trawls may ensure survival of at least a moderate proportion of disturbed individuals which pass through (Rees & Dare, 1993). Equally, Thyasira spp. also have delicate shells and are likely to be vulnerable to physical disturbance. Heteromastus filiformis was reported to occupy the top 15 cm of muddy sands and its limited mobility was considered to contribute to its vulnerability to dredging and to deposition of sediment mobilised by the dredging process by Shaffer (1983).


During August 2018, Tabitha Relief and Development conducted a caregivers' day at the summer camp with parents that were invited to spend some quality time with their children. During this day, the parents and their kids participated in dances, handcraft and sports activities. These activities created a peaceful environment that strengthened positive communication between the Lebanese and Syrian participants.
Moreover, Tabitha conducted the closing event of the summer camp in presence of the caregivers, stakeholders and local CBOs. The children prepared beautiful dances and songs and a theater play that reflected what they have learned during the summer camp.


Released on 17th July, 1968, the Yellow Submarine is an animated film which takes viewers to a paradise called Pepperland that lies under the sea.
There everything is quiet until a bunch of rowdies who hate music attacks Pepperland. The city Mayor decides to ask aging sailor Old Fred to get help. Old Fred travels to Liverpool on his submarine and meets Ringo who then convinces his close friends John, Paul and George to assist and fight the rowdies (Blue Meanies). During the underwater journey to Pepperland, the four friends learn to operate the submarine.
This replica has been released by CORGI after a gap of 11 years with several changes – rotating periscope, spring release hatch to reveal John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr.
A must-have specially produced 50th anniversary collectible item for any BEATLES lover.


text:
ḤAZZAN, HAZAN:
By: Meyer Kayserling, M. Franco, Gotthard Deutsch
Aaron de Joseph Hazan:
Abraham Ḥazzan of Gerona (called Gerondi):
David ben Ḥayyim ben Joseph Ḥazzan:
David Ḥayyim Samuel Ḥazzan:
Elijah Bekor Hazan:
Elijah Raḥamim Hazan:
Ḥayyim David Hazan:
Israel Moses Hazan:
Joseph ben Elijah Ḥazzan:
Joseph ben Ḥayyim Hazan:
Moses ben Abraham Ḥazzan (also known as Memunneh Ephorus):
Solomon Hazan:
Solomon ben Abraham Ḥazzan:
An Oriental rabbinical family, probably of Spanish origin, members of which are found in Spain, and in Smyrna, Alexandria, and other cities of the East; their pedigree, however, can not be traced further back than the eighteenth century. The name is undoubtedly derived from the office of ḥazzan, which one of the ancestors of the family held.
Brother of Elijah Bekor Hazan; born at Smyrna 1848. In 1871 he founded the Judæo-Spanish periodical "La Esperanza," subsequently called "La Buena Esperanza"; he also wrote two novels from Jewish life: "Rahel en el Convento" and "El Muchacho Abandonado." Aaron Hazan celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of his paper by issuing an "edition especial" (Smyrna, 1896), containing a history of the congregation of Smyrna during the quarter-century. In 1890 he was decorated with the Order of the Nishan-i-Medjidie.
Writer of devotional hymns; flourished about the middle of the thirteenth century. His piyyuṭim are found in the Sephardic, the Italian, the Algerian, and even the Karaitic rituals. Best known is his AḤot ḲeṬannah, a hymn for New-Year, which has been included in the devotional "Liḳḳuṭe Ẓebi" and translated into German.
Zunz, Literaturgesch. p. 410;
Plessner, Apokryphen, i. 146;
Landshuth, 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, i. 11 et seq.
Lived in Jerusalem about the middle of the eighteenth century. He wrote: "Ḥozeh Dawid," a commentary on the Psalms (Amsterdam, 1724); "Ḳohelet ben Dawid," on Ecclesiastes, with "Dawid ba-Meẓudah," on Abot (Salonica, 1748); and "Aggan ha-Sahar," on Proverbs (ib. 1749).
Hazan, Zikron Yerushalayim, Leghorn, 1874;
Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 858.
Flourished in Palestine toward the end of the eighteenth century. He wrote: "Miktam le-Dawid," responsa and novellæ on Maimonides (Leghorn, 1792); and "Ḳodshe Dawid," annotations to the laws on holy days in the Shulḥan 'Aruk (ib. 1792). The latter was intended as the first part of a larger work to be entitled "Ḥasde Dawid," which, however, was not published.
Nepi-Ghirondi, Toledot Gedole Yisrael, p. 77.
Chief rabbi of Alexandria (1903); born at Smyrna in 1840. He went to Jerusalem with his grandfather, Ḥayyim David Hazan, in 1855. He was successively clerk of the Jerusalem congregation (1866) and member of the rabbinical college (1868). In 1871 he was appointed solicitor of alms for Palestine; in 1874 he was electedrabbi of Tripoli, whence he was called to Alexandria in 1888. In 1903 he presided over the Orthodox rabbinical convention at Cracow. Elijah Hazan is a representative of strict Orthodoxy. He has published: "Ṭob Leb," homilies printed together with his grandfather's "Yiṭab Leb" (Smyrna, 1868); notes to his grandfather's "Yishre Leb" (ib. 1870); "Ḳonṭres Yismaḥ Mosheh," a decision on the will of the famous philanthropist Ḳa'id Nissim Shamama (Leghorn, 1874; Italian transl., 1877); "Zikron Yerushalayim" (ib. 1874); "Ta'alumot Leb," responsa (1st part, ib. 1877; 2d part, ib. 1893; 3d part, Alexandria, 1902); "Neweh Shalom," on the religious customs of Alexandria (ib. 1894). "Zikron Yerushalayim" is an apology for Judaism in the form of a dialogue between a Palestinian rabbi and the members of the family of a pious Mæcenas in Tunis. The author defends the strictest Orthodoxy, insists on the sacredness of the second holy days, and denies the truth of the Copernican system; in an appendix he gives valuable notes on the Ḥazzan family. Many of his works are still in manuscript.
Son of Joseph ben Ḥayyim Hazan; rabbinical scholar of the nineteenth century. He wrote "Oraḥ Mishpaṭ," notes on Ḥoshen Mishpaṭ (Salonica, 1858). Some of his responsa are found in the collection of his father; others, a volume of homilies, and novellæ to Hai Gaon's "Miḳḳaḥ u-Mimkar" are in manuscript.
Elijah Hazan, Zikron Yerushalayim, p. 131, Leghorn, 1874.
Son of Joseph ben Ḥayyim Hazan; born at Smyrna Oct. 9, 1790; died at Jerusalem Jan. 17, 1869. He was one of the leading Talmudists of his age. In 1840 he was appointed chief rabbi of Smyrna; in 1855 he went to Jerusalem, where he was made ḥakam bashi in 1861. In allusion to his initials, , he was called ("without equal in his generation"). He wrote: "Torat ha-Zebaḥ," on the laws of ritual slaughter (Salonica, 1852; reprinted, Jerusalem, 1883); "Nedib Leb," responsa (1st part, Salonica, 1862; 2d part, Jerusalem, 1866); "Yiṭab Leb," sermons (Smyrna, 1868); "Yishre Leb," halakic discussions, with additions by his grandson, Elijah Bekor Hazan (ib. 1870).
Luncz, Jerusalem, iv. 213.
Son of Eliezer Hazan; born in Smyrna 1808; died at Beirut Oct., 1862. He was taken by his father to Jerusalem (1811), where he was educated under his grandfather, Joseph ben Ḥayyim Hazan. In 1840 he became a member of a rabbinical college; in 1848 he was appointed "meshullaḥ" (messenger). While at Rome he was elected chief rabbi. In 1852 he resigned this office for the rabbinate of Corfu, and in 1857 he was called to the rabbinate of Alexandria. In 1862 he went to Jaffa; but, being in ill health, he removed to Beirut, where he died. He was buried in Sidon. In Rome and in Corfu he was held in high esteem, and the poet Ludwig August Frankl, who saw him in Corfu (1856), speaks in glowing terms of his venerable personality. While a champion of Orthodoxy, he possessed sufficient independence of mind to protest against the superstitious practises customary among the Jews of Rome, who insisted on washing corpses with warm water, and who would not allow a clock in the yard of the synagogue. He wrote a letter condemning the reforms advocated in the Brunswick rabbinical conference (published in the collection "Ḳin'at Ẓiyyon," Amsterdam, 1846). He published: "Naḥalah le-Yisrael," a collection of decisions in an inheritance case (Vienna, 1851; Alexandria, 1862); "Ḳonṭres Ḳedushat Yom-Ṭob Sheni," an argument in favor of retaining the second holy days (ib. 1855); "Dibre Shalom we-Emet," a reply (in the form of an address to the Israelites of Great Britain by a Levite) to a Reform pamphlet (Hebrew and English, London, 1856); "She'erit ha-Naḥalah," a discourse in dialogue on religious questions, with a revised edition of his "Naḥalah le-Yisrael" (Alexandria, 1862); "Iyye ha-Yam," responsa of the Geonim, with his notes (Leghorn, 1864); "Kerak shel Romi," responsa (ib. 1876). Other responsa, with homilies and an apology for the Cabala, remain in manuscript.
Solomon Hazan, Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh, p. 114;
Elijah Hazan, Zikron Yerushalayim, p. 131, Leghorn, 1874;
Berliner, Gesch. der Juden in Rom, pp. 152, 208, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1893.
Rabbiin Smyrna and Jerusalem in the seventeenth century; died at Jerusalem. He wrote "'En Yosef," homilies on Genesis and Exodus (Smyrna, 1675), and "'En Yehosef," novellæ on Baba Meẓi'a, edited by his son Caleb (Smyrna, 1730).
Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, i. 78, ii. 104.
Chief rabbi of Jerusalem; born at Smyrna 1741; died at Jerusalem Nov. 11, 1819. At first rabbi in his native city, he went to Palestine in 1811, settling at Hebron, where he became rabbi. In 1813 he was elected chief rabbi of Jerusalem, which position he held until his death. He wrote: "Ḥiḳre Leb," responsa (vol. i., Salonica, 1787; vol. ii., Leghorn, 1794; vols. iii.-viii., Salonica, 1806-53); "Ma'arke Leb," homilies (ib. 1821-22); "Ḥiḳre Leb," Talmudic novellæ, edited by his great-grandson, Elijah (Jerusalem, 1880). His four sons, Elijah Raḥamim, Eliezer, Isaac, and Ḥayyim David, were all rabbinical scholars; one of his daughters became the mother of Ḥayyim Palaggi, chief rabbi of Smyrna.
Solomon Hazan, Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh, p. 43;
Elijah Hazan, Zikron, Yerushalayim, p. 131, Leghorn, 1874;
La Buena Esperanza, Smyrna, 1896;
Franco, Essai sur l'Histoire des Israélites de l'Empire Ottoman, etc., p. 127.
Greek synagogal poet of the fifteenth century. He is identical with Moses ha-Memunneh ben Abraham. Thirty-one poems are attributed to him, in which most of the strophes and stanzas begin, and often end, with the same word. Thus the piyyuṭ begins and ends with the word , and in the piyyuṭ , which has been translated into German by Zunz, the ten strophes begin and end with .
Zunz, S. P. pp. 325, 328 et seq.;
idem, Literaturgesch. pp. 374 et seq.;
Landshuth, 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, pp. 203 et seq., 206;
Dukes, Moses b. Ezra, p. 108;
idem, in Orient, Lit. v. 776 et seq., x. 618.
Bibliographer; born in Algeria at the end of the eighteenth century; died 1852 on board a vessel bound for Malta. As a boy he accompanied his father to Damascus, and subsequently settled in Cairo, where he conducted a Talmudic school. In 1832 he was elected chief rabbi of Alexandria. Three of his works, edited by Faraj Ḥayyim Mizraḥi, were printed after his death by his son David; namely, "Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh," "Baruk Mimeshaḥ," and "Ben Shelomoh," Alexandria, 1889-90. The most important of these, "Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh," is a bibliographical work divided into two parts, the first containing a title bibliography, the second a list of authors. It is a continuation of Azulai's "Shem ha-Gedolim," and includes the Sephardic writers who were contemporary with Azulai (omitted by the latter), as well as those living half a century after him. A biographical appendix to the work deals with the chief rabbis of Alexandria.
Solomon Hazan, Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh.
Member of the rabbinical college at Salonica (1533). He emigrated later to Safed, where Jacob Berab commissioned him to take the rabbinical diploma to Levi ibn Ḥabib (Conforte, "Ḳore ha-Dorot," p. 35a; Solomon Hazan, "Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh," p. 92).
Pedigree of the Hazan Family. M. K. M. Fr. D.


I've had some issues myself and got some reports of people who are trying to compile PHP 5.1.2. There error we get is about mulitple definitions of several PCRE lib related symbols and ends with the error that the _xmlTextReaderSchemaValidate is undefined.
It all works on an Intel based Mac without any problem. If anyone has any idea what causes this problem please let me know !
… and it looks like a similar problem, but I still can't find a good answer for why this is happening, or how to fix it.
Sorry James, but that error is caused by not having shared libraries in the packaged version of mysql. If you compile mysql after the install you'll be fine.


Without a doubt, the most popular and well-recognized of Costa Rica's volcanoes is Arenal. The Arenal Volcano is a symmetrical cone-shaped volcano that dominates the fertile landscape of Arenal Volcano National Park. Until recently, it was the country's most active .
15 Closest Hotels to Tabacon Hot Springs in Arenal Hot .
Tabacon Hot Springs in the Arenal Hot Springs area, Costa Rica Are you looking for a cheap Tabacon Hot Springs hotel, a 5 star Tabacon Hot Springs hotel or a family friendly Tabacon Hot Springs hotel? You just landed in the best site to find the best deals and offers on .
Costa Rica has nearly 200 volcanic formations, 100 or so of which show signs of volcanic activity, and five that are classified as active volcanoes: Arenal, Poás, Rincón de la Vieja, Irazú, and Turrialba.As a result there are multiple natural hot springs located around the country which are safe enough to bath in.
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El Balneario de Tabacón en Costa Rica: el spa natural más .
EL BALNEARIO TABACÓN EN COSTA RICA: EL SPA NATURAL MÁS BELLO DEL MUNDO "LA VIDA ES UN VIAJE, RELÁJATE Y DISFRÚTALO". BALNEARIO TABACÓN, COSTA RICA. El Balneario Tabacón en Costa Rica es, sin lugar a dudas, uno de los lugares esculpidos por la naturaleza, y uno de los spas naturales, más bellos del mundo.
Consiga las mejores ofertas en los anuncios de Picadora Para Pasto en Costa Rica. Tenemos anuncios 61 Picadora Para Pasto bajo la categoría Máquinas.
Tabacón Thermal Resort & Spa in La Fortuna on Hotels and earn Rewards nights. Collect 10 nights get 1 free*. . There's no better place to visit in Costa Rica!! Everything you could ever want is there, and the employees will make sure of that. . Tabacon is a great resort to stay at for the Arenal volcano experience. From the hotel you .
I spent a day at Tabacon Hot Springs in Costa Rica and it was simply amazing. While this is a full service resort, you can do what I did and get a day pass to the hot springs. While this is a full service resort, you can do what I did and get a day pass to the hot springs.
picadora tabaco costa rica -Planta de Molienda - inrico. Picadora tabaco costa rica Picadoras de pasto Trapp Costa Rica,, . los precios picadora de pasto en costa rica fabricantes Costo de picadora de pasto en costa .
Dec 04, 2018 · Now 299 (Was ̶4̶6̶6̶) on TripAdvisor: Tabacon Thermal Resort & Spa, Costa Rica. See 3,201 traveler reviews, 3,443 candid photos, and great deals for Tabacon Thermal Resort & Spa, ranked #8 of 58 hotels in Costa Rica and rated 4.5 of 5 at TripAdvisor.
Costa Rica's strikingly diverse terrain – lush forests, wildlife reserves, and tropical beaches – offers a little something for every traveler.
I have always appreciated a great smoke, but actually touring the facility and going "behind the sce. nes" was amazing. I am truly impressed by the process. There is a new found appreciation of smoking a great cigar, especially one from Tabacos de Costa Rica .
Tabacon Thermal Resort and Spa, La Fortuna de San Carlos .
Tabacon Thermal Resort & Spa is an exclusive vacation experience, based on the European plan, and located in the middle of the rainforest in La Fortuna de San Carlos, Costa Rica.This unique Costa Rican property offers luxurious accommodations, an award-winning spa and friendly service in a magnificent tropical environment, near the base of Arenal Volcano.
Arenal Volcano and Tabacón Hot Springs Day Trip from San .
Thank you deeply for the wonderful introduction to Costa Rica, we had an unforgettable honeymoon. Tanya & Dave Vancouver B.C. Canada. As soon as I saw this place I was bound to like it..but it turns out I don`t just like it,,,I love it.
Feb 12, 2017 · Tabacón es un lugar de aguas termales ubicado en Costa Rica, este es un río el cual desciende del volcán Arenal creando así las deliciosas aguas .
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Arenal Volcano. Arenal is, in our opinion, Costa Rica's most spectacular volcano. Standing at a lofty 1,633 meters (5,358 feet), this cone-shaped giant can be seen for miles around, but it's worth the effort to get a closer look.
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17 Best Arenal Volcano Day Tours & Activities Located in northern Costa Rica, Arenal Volcano once erupted an average of 41 times per day. Today, the volcano is in a resting phase, but its commanding presence is still a sight to behold.
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The mineral waters at Tabacon Hot Springs originate near the base of the Arenal Volcano and flow through a thermal river over waterfalls into more than 20 different thermal pools. They're the only natural pools of any nearby hot springs and you'll feel it as you soak in thermal waters among volcanic rocks leftover from Arenal's eruptions.


Money is an incredible tool. It gives you power and broadens your horizons.
At some level, the money in your pocket can buy you pleasure and prestige; it can also give you peace of mind and security for the future. The dollar represents so much of what we want, so much of what we'd like.
Think about how much of your life, maybe even your self-image, is relying on that dollar.
Now let's back it up a bit. How did you get that money? Imagine that you've worked very hard, taking risks, beating off threats, putting in long hours to earn the money you now possess. In this sense, the money also represents your hard work, the lifeblood you've invested in earning a living.
In our society, dollars are more than currency: They embody yesterday's struggle and tomorrow's pleasure.
With that in mind, we can appreciate the immense beauty of giving charity. When someone gives money - THEIR money - to a greater need, they are parting with something very essential, an embodiment of their personal toil and their pleasure. By gifting of themselves to something beyond themselves, they elevate those funds – and the personal attachment to them – to a level of selflessness. We call that Holiness.
Charitable people tend to recognize that they are part of a greater whole. When someone realizes "what I need is only half the picture, and the other half is what I'm needed FOR," life's equation changes. My assets don't only represent my pursuits in life; they represent my responsibility to life.
That's why we call charitable giving 'Tzedakah' (in Hebrew). 'Tzedaka' means justice, because generosity reflects a mindset of responsibility to the world.
In this week's Torah portion, G-d tells each person to give a 'half-Shekel' to the communal fund. The Shekel was a silver coin, which the Torah specifically describes as weighing 20 'gerahs' (a Biblical weight measurement) of silver. So why not just say "donate 10 'gerahs?'" Why phrase it as 'half a shekel'?
The Torah is driving home our point.
When we recognize our own 'half-ness,' we'll be ready to give ourselves whole-heartedly to our neighbors' needs.
The half-Shekel makes the giver whole, because recognizing that we're half of the picture allows to appreciate the fuller perspective.
I'm MENDY HERSON, Executive Director of Chabad of Greater Somerset County. I was born and raised in NJ, and I'm the Rabbi at Chabad. Many people call me Mendy, which is just fine with me; I don't want the title to create too much distance between me and my friends (Some people wonder: Can you joke around with a Rabbi? Can you text him?).
Spirituality and and Jewish thought are my lifeblood. And I'm thrilled to explore them with anyone, especially with people who disagree with me. When I can explore meaningful ideas with my local friends, to help us all better our lives, I feel like I've struck gold.
Basking Ridge has been a great place to live. My family (wife Malkie and my eight wonderful kids) and I really love it here. I have made some really great friends and look forward to the infinite possibilities that the future can bring.
Does Time Need to Fly?


Doncasters was originally founded in 1778, when Daniel Doncaster established an operation in Sheffield, England to apply the crucible steel-making process to the manufacture of hand tools. The organisation is now one of the longest continuously operating industrial manufacturing companies in the world. In fact, Daniel Doncaster obtained his trade mark in 1778 making it one of the world's oldest.
Making hand tools was the most important enabling industry of all in the late 1700s. At that time, the father of production engineering, Joseph Bramah, applied the methods of the wood-worker to metal manufacture. It was the availability of tools which could cut cast and wrought iron, produced by Bramah's company, which made the industrial revolution possible. Joseph Bramah's company was later combined with Doncasters, forming the beginning of the Doncasters Group.
Since these beginnings Doncasters has grown both organically and through acquisition, adding to its products and capabilities, becoming the fully capable organisation that it is today. A timeline of this expansion is listed at the right.
The only remaining cementation furnace actually belonged to Daniel Doncaster and Sons. It is located in Doncaster Street in Sheffield, UK, a street named after our eponymous hero, Daniel.


text:
Mr. Miller earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Management Science from the University of California at San Diego. During law school, Mr. Miller worked full-time as a law clerk for two civil litigation defense firms. Mr. Miller received his Juris Doctor from Southwestern Law School in June 2006 and was admitted to the California bar in December 2006.
Mr. Miller joined Hurrell Cantrall LLP with more than 14-years of experience in civil litigation. He has successfully represented individuals, businesses, and public entities in state and federal courts, in a wide range of litigation matters, including mass tort, bankruptcy, personal injury, public entity liability defense, contract/lease and real estate disputes.
Mr. Miller is admitted to practice before all California State Courts and the United States District Court for the Central and Southern Districts.
In his free time, Mr. Miller enjoys playing music, camping and attending concerts.
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Rainbow moonstone and diopside cabuchons are combined with a faceted iolite in this sterling silver pendant.
Clean jewellery regularly with a silver polishing cloth to prevent the build up of damaging tarnish. The stones can be cleaned with a soft toothbrush and warm soapy waterthen rinsed clean.. Do not soak or use hot water or you may dislodge stones.


text:
TrumpWorld for Beginners
Understanding, Surviving, and Resisting Our New Reality
Government and Taxes
congress, environment, EPA, GOP, Marco Rubio, politics
Killing the EPA…and the Environment
Today two US agencies that compile data on climate change, NOAA and NASA, announced that 2016 was the hottest year on record worldwide. This is the third straight year that global temperatures have set a record.
In other news, Scott Pruitt–a climate change skeptic and ardent foe of the Environmental Protection Agency–is now having his hearings in the Senate to become [drumroll, please] the head of the Environmental Protection Agency!
Pruitt became the darling of anti-environmental forces as Attorney General of Oklahoma, where he built his reputation by suing the EPA to avoid compliance with its regulations. His mantra is that regulation should be left to state and local governments, not the federal government. But his record in Oklahoma reveals little or no litigation to protect the state's environment, but plenty to protect polluters and the oil and gas industry that dominates Oklahoma politics.
If you want to see the chapter and verse on his record, there are lots of places to look. You can start by clicking here or here.
The Republican dogma that regulation should be left to the states and localities is, of course, a ruse for doing nothing. Many states, like Oklahoma, are dominated by industries that have a vested interest in fighting regulation–take the coal industry which calls the shots in states like West Virginia, Wyoming, and Kentucky. With a few exceptions like California, state governments lack either the resources or the inclination to oppose the interests of large corporations, whose annual revenues can equal or surpass the GNPs of entire countries. State and local politicians are cheap dates for large corporations, and a few thousand or even a few hundred dollars in campaign contributions can insure favorable votes.
That leaves the federal government and, in particular, the EPA to fight the environmental battles. The flood of money from corporations and billionaires like the Kochs into national politics since Citizens United has already helped make any further legislation to protect the environment a near impossibility, which has meant that any action has had to be done through executive order.
Now Paul Ryan and his henchmen in the House have introduced three bills that would let Congress kill existing rules and block new ones. These have received very little attention in the media and are exactly the kind of below-the-radar stealth attacks that have become the specialty of the Republican congressional Jacobins. One would allow repeal of recent Obama administration regulations as a package rather than one by one. The second says that a rule cannot become effective unless Congress votes to approve it, i.e., Congress could kill a rule by doing nothing. The third, the "Regulatory Accountability Act", would impose dozens of new legal and procedural requirements on regulators and require them to adopt rules that are "least costly" to the industry being regulated, regardless of public benefits from stricter regulation.
And now we have an incoming administration that is aggressively hostile on environmental issues and which attacks the science that forms the basis for policies to address climate change. Trump has already stated his intention to rescind US implementation of the international Paris accords to reduce greenhouse gases. If he follows through on that, the chances of stemming global warming and sea level rise drop to near zero.
If you think these issues don't really affect you, think again. For example, those of us who live in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale metro area are among the most threatened in the country by sea level rise. Most of 6 million south Floridians live on land that is less than 10 feet above sea level, and we are already seeing increased flooding and sea water incursions during periodic "king tides". Miami Beach is spending hundreds of millions of dollars to raise streets and install pumps to deal with the problem. Higher seas mean that the storm surge from a hurricane could be vastly more damaging. Salt water incursion threatens our drinking water that is drawn from the underlying aquifer.
And yet south Florida's Republican representatives in Congress continue to deny that there is a problem, or if there is, that there is anything to be done about it. Miami homeboy Marco Rubio still continues to profess ignorance about whether humans have brought about the sharp rise in global temperatures that NOAA and other climate scientists have definitively documented.
I think that is a betrayal of his constituents. If you want to know why, you should probably follow the money.
From → Environment, Government and Taxes, Politics
Anti-Labor Andrew Puzder for Sec. of Labor | TrumpWorld for Beginners
« Why is Lieberman a Shill for Betsy DeVos?
Fear Factor: the Politics of Intimidation »
I started a blog named South Florida for Beginners several years ago, after I moved to south Florida and became interested or amused or appalled at the new things I encountered here. After a while, the site morphed into something more about local politics, which isn't too surprising because almost every subject is ultimately political.
Eventually, I kind of ran out of steam and let the blog lapse for quite a while. This last election got me stirred up again though, and I decided to give it another go but with a different focus. Like many people, I have been shaken and disturbed and alarmed at the direction our national politics has taken.
This blog represents my efforts to organize and examine my thoughts about what's going on around us. In that sense, I suppose it's really principally for my own benefit, but if others find something of value here, then so much the better. I welcome comments—just ask that they be civil and well-considered.
After all, we're all of us beginners in TrumpWorld!
Blogging Black Miami
Broward Politics
Broward's Blog
Discourse.net
Gay South Florida
Go Hydrology
Miami New Time Riptide 2.0
Naked Politics
On Two Shores
Political Cortadito
Random Pixels
Suntanned Mumford
The Real Miami
Assassination–As American as Apple Pie?
A New Year and the End of a Decade
Devin Nunes: I'll Try the Chalupa
The Bureaucrat as Hero
Defenders of the Faith: TrumpWorld at Prayer


This cheat for Oddworld 2: Abe's Exxodus [PC] has been posted at 25 Apr 2005 by Unregistered and is called "Cheats - Various Cheats". If cheat is usable don't forgot thumbs up Unregistered and share this with your freinds. And most important we have 1 other cheats for Oddworld 2: Abe's Exxodus, look them as soon as possible!


Apple made some major changes to the stock Camera app in iOS 7. Photographers who are used to having the composition grid overlay switched on might be wondering, where are the controls? The toggle to switch the grid on and off has been moved to a new location under Settings.
To turn the iPhone Camera grid on or off navigate to Settings -> Photos & Camera -> CAMERA -> Grid -> ON (green toggle).
Those running earlier versions of iOS can find the grid toggle right in the Camera app. From the live preview screen tap the Options button. From there, toggle Grid ON or OFF.
See how the iPhone camera grid can improve your photos.


By popular demand! I am posting the strawberry compote request for my delicious New York Cheesecake!
I am having so much fun with my Instant pot! Today, I am cooking a strawberry rhubarb compote, some stuffed peaches and possibly some ......baby back ribs for dinner!! Everything is so fast!
Clean and cut the strawberries in half and add to the IP. Sprinkle with the sugar and let it sit for 20 minutes.
Lock on the lid and close the pressure valve. Cook on high pressure for 1 minute.
When the cooking is finished, allow a 15 minute NP (Natural Release). Turn the valve to release the remaining pressure.
Stir in the orange liqueur. I pour into a measuring cup and then pour into my wide mouth canning jars. Allow to cool to room temperature, then refrigerate.
This delicious compote can be used over my delicious New York Cheesecake, pancakes, waffles, IP yogurt, ice cream or even slathered on toast!
*Optional tip- when the strawberries cook, they turn a bit grey....not as perky red. I add red food coloring. Just add enough to bring back the color!


The University of Southampton combines academic excellence with an innovative and entrepreneurial approach to research, supporting a culture that engages and challenges students and staff in their pursuit of learning, Southampton offers exceptional quality and choice in a fantastic location, with ample support for international students.
One of the UK's leading universities: we are ranked among the top research-intense UK universities - in 14th position on the Complete University Guide 2016 with 15 subjects in the top 10, in 14th position on the Guardian University Guide in 2016.
Southampton is just over one hour from central London, on the south coast of England. We are surrounded by areas of natural beauty including the New Forest and the Isle of Wight, and connected to the rest of the UK and Europe through superb road, rail, air and sea links.
we have over 22,000 students including more than 5,000 students from from more than 130 different countries. Our departments have many international links and are active members of international initiatives like the World Universities Network, the Centre for Contemporary China and the Thai-UK Collaborative Research Network.
The quality of our graduates is recognised by employers worldwide, who are often invited to our Open Careers Days on campus. Our Career Destinations Department offers free advice to all our students for up to three years after graduation.
09 Nov 2018 University of Southampton University of Southampton will be visiting Ghana!
University of Southampton University of Southampton will be visiting Ghana!
19 Jul 2018 University of Southampton University of Southampton will be visiting Ghana!
16 Jul 2018 University of Southampton University of Southampton will be visiting Nigeria!
20 Feb 2018 University of Southampton University of Southampton will be visiting Ghana!


"Royal Bavarian Coffee Mug (Father's Cup)"
There's barely a better way to begin your day than with a tasty morning-coffee from this mug. The sides of the mug say "Königl. Bayr. Kaffee Haferl" which means "Royal Bavarian Coffe Mug". It is beautifully decorated with the Bavarian crest, which is presented by two traditionally designed lions. This is as Bavarian as a coffee mug is going to get.


Brand identity is the foundation of modern-day marketing campaigns.
No matter the size of their business, marketers can't even begin to develop a strategy without the defining elements of their brand – and this goes far beyond logo design.
From the underlying values your business upholds, to the promise it delivers to customers, to the "tone of voice" you exhibit in your marketing efforts, you craft your brand identity carefully in order to form a specific perception in your audience's mind. Your name, logo, and the visual motifs you use in your marketing materials are all a part of forming this image as you seek to influence how your potential customers will perceive your business.
Now, there's one little fact we can instantly gather from this: the concept of a brand inherently entails emotion. Presenting largely intangible attributes, a strong brand identity seeks to establish a relationship with the audience base, emanate trust, and promote loyalty ("brand loyalty" – a term you'll run into often).
On the other hand, marketing is being revolutionized and largely shaped by data science. As numbers uphold businesses and define strategies, branding presents an interesting phenomenon of 21st-century marketing because of its innate reliance on emotions. The question is, to what extent should branding focus on emotions? How do marketers strike the balance between emotion-driven and data-driven branding to create a successful image?
Here's a simple truth: our decisions are driven by emotions much more than we think.
Various studies conducted by neuroscientists have proven that emotions are integral to decision-making. Essentially, we base our decisions on self-interest, and our natural instinct to protect and nourish ourselves guides us in this process more profoundly than reasoning. Emotions are the filters of perception, influencing our decisions and habits even at the times when we believe we're entirely driven by rationality.
That's why it comes as no surprise that savvy marketers are using emotions to influence consumer desire. In today's evolved and incredibly competitive marketplace, the functionality and quality of a product or service go without saying. You're not trying to convince consumers through sound logic that your offer is right for them and that they should listen to you because there are at least a dozen offers like yours.
You want to influence their vision to present yourself as the solution to their problem. That's the foundation of creating consumer desire. This is why branding is so important – it lets you work that emotional angle to establish a relationship with your target market.
Which emotions do you want to elicit?
There's no brand identity without emotion, but you surely won't rely on your gut instincts or emotional intelligence to answer this question. You'll rely on data and psychological facts to give you insight into which types of emotions drive people to act (that is, convert into customers) and connect with a brand. This will take some research and analysis in order to find a way to connect the facts with the defining attributes of your business.
Today, marketers leverage emotions such as nostalgia, surprise, coziness, excitement, happiness, etc. to craft an authentic and powerful brand identity that positively influences consumers' perception.
Just look at how Coca-Cola aims for happy, bubbly feelings in every interaction with consumers – from their "Taste the feeling" and "Choose Happiness" slogans to their nostalgia-driven campaigns to the choice of music in their ads. Coca-Cola has built their brand identity with a focus on eliciting one core emotion – happiness – to create a powerful connection with consumers. Without this, they would have been just another company that sells fizzy drinks of standard quality.
Their tactic has clearly worked incredibly well, but they didn't choose to target happiness out of the blue – it was a deliberate choice driven by facts because happiness converts.
When you know the values your brand will represent, the tone of voice you'll use, and the emotions that will be associated with it, all of your branding efforts will somehow reflect these decisions. First and foremost, the visual motifs and design choices which you use to present your brand should be a reflection of these goals and the personality your company seeks to exude.
And once again, the artistry and the visuality are backed by facts – mostly facts about how the psychology of color and certain design elements influence consumer behavior, but also data about your target market. You can get a good idea of this when you sift through the work of today's most reputable logo design companies and observe their approach to branding. The pros leave no artistic decision to chance. They help strategically craft brand identities by creating images which they know will resonate with the target audience, elicit positive feelings, and leave lasting impressions.
A strong brand identity ensures you maintain consistency across different touch-points and marketing efforts. Consistency is important in establishing credibility and it ultimately serves to strengthen your brand identity even further.
That being said, your brand identity and the emotions you seek to elicit through it will seep into every interaction with consumers, from your website to your content marketing strategy to your social media presence and beyond. This is where stories come into play, leveraging the power of emotions.
Essentially, you're crafting a story about your brand and its values, and even your web design will help tell that story to draw visitors in. Websites which exude professionalism through their design and functionality help emanate the feeling of trust – a profound emotion which guides visitors to "rationally" choose to do business with you.
The modern story-centric approach to marketing is a result of an oversaturated marketplace, which consequently resulted in rising consumer expectations. With so many choices just a click away, consumers need a story – and emotions – to draw them to a brand. Thus we've come to an era where it's normative for ads to feel like a story too. It has become the only way to gain any traction in the first place.
But all these enticing and engaging stories you see from companies at every step, from traditional ads to social media, were crafted carefully to reflect consumer data. Marketers require data in order to understand consumer behavior, trends, and expectations, all of which will help them figure out which kind of story will strike a chord with the audience.
Make no mistake: today's "humanized" brand identities and emotionally charged marketing campaigns are the results of plentiful research and data analysis. Well, it's really why marketing and branding turned to a storytelling approach in the first place – because it's the one that showed results with modern-day consumers, especially among the Millennial audiences.
Emotion-driven and data-driven branding are not that far apart, after all. It seems that one encourages the other: branding seeks to leverage emotions to influence purchase intent, but data and facts give valuable insight which helps direct branding efforts in the right way.
In the end, we do need data in order to understand better what influences our audience – but data won't craft a story for us. Branding today really seeks to reflect the best of both worlds. Do you think you're on the right path to striking a balance between the two?


It can be difficult to know how to store valuable items and keep them safe. What should you do with your oil paintings while you're studying abroad? How can you protect important papers and photos that don't fit into your studio apartment? There are many things you should consider when you're storing valuable items such as antique furniture, books, tools, original art, guns, craft projects, or important documents when you can't keep them with you. Here are tips for storing valuables, and what to look for when storing delicate or hard to replace items at a self-storage center.
The first thing to do when considering storing your valuables in a self-storage unit is to check out the safety and security of the storage facility itself. Fences, security guards, surveillance cameras, and whether the facility keeps empty storage units locked are all considerations. Find out what type of security is in place during various times of the day.
Mice, rats, and bugs love the quiet, dark environments of stuffed basements or storage units. Your storage facility should have a regular pest control plan to keep the facility as free as possible from infestations. Find out how often the facility is checked and cleaned by a pest control company.
Many of the best storage facilities offer protection plans to their customers. These plans vary in the details, but they are designed to help defray all or part of the cost of replacing damaged or stolen items. Read the plan carefully to see exactly what is covered so there are no unpleasant surprises should your valuables get damaged by flood, fire, or vermin or taken by theft. Some protection plans place a limit on the top value of your stored items.
A storage facility's protection plan may not cover the entire value of your possessions. If you have a renter's or homeowner's policy, that policy might be enough to cover the value of your stuff. Read it carefully to determine what it covers, and if it will not cover the entire value of your possessions, consider taking out an additional insurance policy to make up the difference.
There's no need to tempt fate: consider all possible negative scenarios and plan as well as you can to defeat them. A strong safe can be a very good deterrent for would-be thieves and can even help to protect important documents against minor fires or floods. If your valuables are in the form of textiles, furniture, or documents, rent a climate-controlled unit and store the furniture or boxes of textiles or documents off the floor on pallets or on shelves. Pack valuables in sturdy plastic bins instead of cardboard, and make sure that you are not storing anything that has a strong odor or scent that will attract vermin. Check around the bottoms of walls and near the ceiling as well as the seal on the unit door to make sure there is an airtight seal that keeps out pests and moisture.
As these tips for storing valuables show, a little planning is often all you need to feel good about storing items that have some value. Value Store It has multiple locations in Florida, New York, and Connecticut that provide clean, safe self-storage. Contact us to learn more about how we can meet your storage needs.


text:
Osinbajo & Al Taffaq
Osinbajo urges support for Nigeria's creative industry
byAgency ReportandAishat Babatunde
The Nigerian creative industry is in a critically innovative moment and needs the support of the citizens and government, Vice President Yemi Osinbajo has said.
Mr Osinbajo and the Ambassador of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in Nigeria, Fahad Al Taffaq, spoke in Lagos on Saturday at the UAE-Nigeria Cultural and Arts Exhibition.
The News Agency of Nigeria reports that the exhibition was a celebration of cultural diversity through various forms of arts that included music, visual arts, short films and dance.
The exhibition also aimed at promoting cultural ties between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Nigeria while creating opportunities for the exchange of information and ideas between artists and relevant stakeholders.
Mr Osinbajo said the creative industry is in a critically innovative moment that requires support from Nigerians, the government and international communities.
"The artistes today use various media. It is no longer arts as we used to know it as there are many innovations now.
"The line up we see today is an impeccable mix of Emirati and Nigerian artistes who use their works to tell stories about identity, language and contemporary contexts.
"I am excited about how the artistes chose to open a dialogue with us through their works and equally excited about how this event would open a dialogue with the UAE at the interactive person to person level," he said.
Mr Osinbajo, who said he was fascinated by painting, marvelled at how artists could say all things through their works and help humans to connect with one another.
"In painting, we see the love of an Arab mother for her children and family is as deep as that of an African mother for her children and family.
"It helps us see that our hopes and fears are the same and shows us how flimsy racial discrimination can be when diversities are created by God to be celebrated and enjoyed," he said.
The Vice President said that the bilateral relationship between Nigeria and the UAE had deepened, noting the growing collaboration of the two countries in the arts sector. He cited the case of Nollywood blockbuster- The Wedding Party 2, which was set in Dubai.
"The success of the movie was as a result of of the partnership between both countries and we are excited that such collaborations had yielded not just money, but other cultural links between our people," he said.
He expressed optimism for more collaboration in the sector for showcasing the rich cultural heritage of both countries and for improving their trade ties.
"Nigerians make up some of the most frequent visitors to Dubai, many of whom visit for the course of tourism in particular
"I'm sure that in years to come, we will be visiting both countries for arts and culture in particular," he said.
Mr Osinbajo commended the UAE for its commitment to strengthening the bonds between both countries, and its supportive role in curbing terrorism and recovering looted fund.
In his remarks, the UAE ambassador said that arts and culture are an extension of the human expression.
Mr Al Taffaq said culture is a powerful tool that can be used in building bridges between people and to reinforce mutual understandings.
"It can be a catalyst for economic and social development, not only in its traditional forms but also through partnerships with the private sector and further development of the tourism sector.
"It is important to preserve our arts and cultural heritage because it keeps our memories alive of how beliefs and cultural expressions have contributed o the development of the society," he said.
The envoy said the local art scene in UAE had benefited from a range of viewpoints because of the growing diverse population in the UAE which he said was due to the practice of tolerance rooted in the cultural heritage and traditions of the UAE.
"Nigeria is filled with rich artistic heritage and endowed with the abundance of creativity dating back thousands of years.
"Nigerian cultural gems are also well demonstrated through dance, art, folklore, music amongst others," he said.
Yellow Fever funding, increasing heart disease top health stories last week
Police arrest two suspected grave robbers with human skull
Oluwadele: Making a compelling case for Nigeria's rebirth
Lagos hands over iconic Glover Hall to Olu, Joke Jacobs' theatre company
Nigeria to retrieve over 1,500 stolen artefacts in 2022 – DG NCMM
For Desmond Mpilo Tutu, By Niyi Osundare
Bisi Daniels releases 10 children's books at once
AfDB board approves $170 million for investment in Nigeria's digital and creative start-ups
Insecurity: 38 Nigerian soldiers, 16 others killed in violent attacks last week


The Preface of God The Father- "For you are the source of light and life, you made us in your image, and called us to new life in Jesus Christ our Lord."
Faith Like An Orange Tree?
In 1998 we moved to Orlando, Florida in order for me to serve as a Canon to the Cathedral Church of St. Luke. One of the things I fell in love with after arriving in Central Florida was fresh squeezed orange juice and so I made it as often as I could. When we bought a… Read More Faith Like An Orange Tree?


December 28, 2017—California's premier cheese and wine event, the California Artisan Cheese Festival, is back for its 12th year, March 23-25, 2018, at its new location, the Sonoma County Fairgrounds in Santa Rosa. The beloved festival, which attracts more than 2,500 guests, brings together artisan cheesemakers, vendors, authors, chefs, brewers, winemakers and turophiles for three days of cheese tasting, education and celebration.
Throughout the weekend, cheese enthusiasts have the opportunity to experience new, limited-production, and rare artisan cheeses, and learn about the art of making cheese—all while supporting California farmers and cheesemakers. The three-day public event includes cheese tastings, pairings, seminars and demonstrations, farm and creamery tours, and a culinary competition. Tickets go on sale January 1, 2018, and are available at www.artisancheesefestival.com.
AppleGarden Farm, Bleating Heart Cheese, Bohemian Creamery, Cowgirl Creamery, Lagunitas Brewing Company, Marin French Cheese, McEvoy Ranch, Nicasio Valley Cheese, Orland Farmstead Creamery, Pedrozo Dairy & Cheese, Pennyroyal Farm, Point Reyes Farmstead, Sonoma Portworks, Straus Home Ranch, Tomales Farmstead Creamery, and Wm. Cofield Cheesemakers, among others.
9:30 to 11 a.m., 12 to 1:30 p.m., and 2:30 to 4:30 p.m.
and seasoned specialty food aficionado Vanessa Chang; Cheese Twins Charlie and Michael Kalish; past judge of the International Cheese Awards, the World Cheese Awards, and the Global Cheese Awards Michael Landis; and Debra Dickerson and Peggy Smith of Cowgirl Creamery.
A 501 (c)(3) non-profit organization, the California Artisan Cheese Festival strives to increase cheese appreciation, educate consumers about artisan cheeses, support the cheesemaking community and its sustainability and celebrate the creations of California's many farmers and cheesemakers. The festival began in March 2007 as the first-ever, weekend-long celebration and exploration of handcrafted cheeses, foods, wines and beers from California and beyond. In keeping with its dedication to the community, the Artisan Cheese Festival has donated more than $105,000 in grants to local nonprofit partners that support local sustainable agriculture including the California Artisan Cheese Guild, Sonoma Land Trust, Marin Agricultural Land Trust (MALT), the Redwood Empire Food Bank and the Petaluma Chapter of the Future Farmers of America. For more information about the California Artisan Cheese Festival , visit www.artisancheesefestival.com or follow them on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.


It is available classes IX & X, Problem Solving Abilities (PSA) in classes IX and XI, and on achievements in Board examination in Class XII. It shows a complete comprehensive picture of Class X since 2007 and of Class XII since 2009 to the latest academic session.
All the performance metrics are presented through numbers as well as in charts/ graphs for easy understanding. Saransh helps schools compare their performance vis-à-vis other schools under various categories i.e., All India, Regional, State and within their school category (Government, Private, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (JNVS), Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), and Central Tibetan Schools (CTS).


text:
Q: Docusaurus V2 - Use page title for og:title on docs At the moment my og:title is using the title defined in the config not the current doc title.
---
id: my_id
title: My Title ** I want it to pull in this
sidebar_label: My Title
---

I've changed my file from .md to .mdx and tried to define this in the <Head> component but this didn't work.
import Head from '@docusaurus/Head';

<Head>
  <meta property="og:title" content="My custom title" />
</Head>

Any help would be really appreciated.
Thanks.

A: This is a bug. We've fixed it in https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/2475

A: For now I've used swizzle to override the DocItem component.
yarn docusaurus swizzle @docusaurus/theme-classic DocItem

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Arizona State University engineer Samuel Ariaratnam has taken on a top leadership role for a growing international engineering and construction technology association.
He is beginning a three-year term as chairman of the United Kingdom-based International Society for Trenchless Technology (ISTT), which has more than 5,000 members in 32 countries on six continents. He is only the second North American to serve as the organization's chairman.
Ariaratnam is a professor in the Del E. Webb School of Construction. The school is part of the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, one of ASU's Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering.
The ISTT promotes the benefits of trenchless technology, a rapidly growing sector of the construction and civil engineering industry.
It involves various advanced sustainable construction methods and technologies that can be used to install, repair or replace underground infrastructures with far less disruption to roadways, businesses and homes than conventional underground construction techniques.
More and more governments are seeing the environmental and societal benefits of adopting these method s and technologies, Ariaratnam says.
Ariaratnam's teaching and research focuses on urban infrastructure management and rehabilitation. His expertise is in trenchless engineering applied to horizontal directional drilling, trenchless pipe replacement and underground utility asset management.
He serves on the editorial boards of Trenchless Technology Magazine, Trenchless Engineering, and the American Society of Civil Engineers' Journal of Construction Engineering and Management and the Journal of Pipeline Engineering Systems and Practice.
He joined the ASU faculty in 2001.


Ball Corp., Metal Beverage Container Opers.
Sonoco Products Co., Consumer Products Div.
List of verified suppliers of decorated & custom metal containers, empty tea & candle tins, empty cookie tins, seamless tins, aluminum cans, metal beverage & food cans & aerospace products, aluminum beverage cans & ends, plastic paint cans, aluminum lids, soap pumps, hampers & mirrors for kitchen & bathroom use, composite cans.


SCEGGS families, students and staff who have their email addresses registered with the school will receive an email with the headlines for this newsletter each Thursday. Other interested people may receive the Behind the Green Gate email by using the Register for Newsletter form.
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text:
Q: How many Star Trek species possess 'mega-strength'? When Commander Riker requests that Data bend a 2.5" diameter bar of "parsteel" during a hearing to determine if Data was the property of Starfleet, Data easily bends the bar in half and places in on the table. Captain Picard objects to the demonstration, stating that there are many lifeforms that possess "mega-strength" so the demonstration is irrelevant. (TNG: 2x09 "The Measure Of A Man")
Many races seem to be physically stronger than Human; Vulcan, Klingon and Romulan immediately come to mind, but they would obviously not qualify as possessing "mega-strength". Has there been any depiction or mention of any particular race or individual demonstrating strength on par with or superior to Data's?

A: In the Star Trek Universe advanced technology equalizes/negates physical advantages such as strength, so there is very little reason for Star Trek to go into keeping a running tab of races with meta-human strength.
If I were to look at the TOS, alone we have a few aliens to choose from:

*

*The Salt Monster, (Nancy Carter), able to overpower humans with almost no resistance what so ever. She was the last of her kind and we never see her at peak performance but her strength was not in question.

*Khan, the augments from Old Earth, whose superhuman strength was on par with Vulcans.

*The Gorn, far greater than human strength. Human hand-to-hand contests were completely useless. Kirk was forced to improvise and create a primitive cannon to bring down his opponent.

*The Kelvans, though we don't see them use their strength, they were reputed to be larger and stronger than humans, just wearing human-like bodies for disguises.

*The androids found by Harcort Fenton Mudd, each physically superior to humans, perhaps even as strong, physically as Data.

*Apollo (and likely his other gods) through the use of his technology and drawing worship from humans, he increased his strength ten fold.

*Q: There is no reason that Q and his ilk couldn't be as strong as they wanted to be, just by willing it. Seeing how no rational being would attempt to physically attack one is the only reason we don't see one using such strength.

*Trelane: See notes about Q.

*The Horta: Able to tunnel through rock by augmenting its heat profile. It must have a degree of superhuman strength and durability to use its physical abilities in this fashion.
From Next Generation:

*

*The Borg: Due to their nanoprobe and cybernetic physical enhancements, an ordinary Borg drone was far stronger than the average human, even if they were human originally.

From Deep Space Nine:
As noted by Morgan:

*

*The Founders/Changelings - despite their ability to take on humanoid shapes, they were capable of incredible feats of strength due to their malleable physical structure and ability to mimic the appearance of anything.

From the Voyager Series:
As noted by Morgan:

*

*Species 8472 from Fluidic Space possessed vast physical strength.

*The Voth: Descended from Earth in the time of the dinosaurs, it is likely the Voth with their reptilian DNA would possess physical strength far greater than the Human norm, though no comparison of such strength was displayed.

A: Offhand, the Brikar would be one example. Zak Kebron is the most well-known one.