text:
wafaa a.ahmed1 ; farid a. abu bedair1 ; abd el hameed o.m2 ... [wafaa a.ahmed ; farid a. abu bedair
Post on 05-Oct-2020
Nature and Science, 2011;9(7) http://www.sciencepub.net/nature
http://www.sciencepub.net/nature naturesciencej@gmail.com 62
Induction of Apoptosis, Necrosis and differentiation in hepG2 cell line (Comparison between natural and Synthetic products)
Wafaa A.Ahmed1 ; Farid A. Abu Bedair1 ; Abd El Hameed O.M2 and Nasser E.A.3
1 Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
2 Clinical Biochemistry – Biomedical Engineering Department- High Institute of Engineering el-Shorouk-Academy .
3 Toxicology & Microanalysis unit, Faculty Science, Suez Canal University. drwafaaeg@hotmail.com
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is highly resistant to standard therapy. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are the most health-threatening conditions drawing considerable attention from medical professionals and scientists. While liver surgery is not suitable in many of the HCC cases, patients are mostly given palliative support cares or transarterial chemoembolization or systemic chemotherapies. However, HCC is well known to be a highly chemoresistant tumor, and the response rate is
improved strategy for cancer treatment would be to use small molecules to selectively differentiate cancerous cells into normal cells (Richon et al., 1998). Differentiating therapy using cyto-differentiating agents represents a novel approach for cancer treatment. One possible way to increase the efficacy of anticancer drugs and to decrease toxicities or side effects is to develop traditional medicines, especially from medicinal plants (Greenwald et al., 2002; Johnson et al., 2007; Li et al., 2007; Dai et al., 2008). This is particularly evident in the treatment of cancers, in which more than 60% of drugs are of natural origin (Norikura et al., 2008).
Hence a new medicinal plant with anticancer activities could be a valuable substance in cancer treatment. The history and biological action (i.e., anticancer) of vit. E as will as the antiangiogenic effects of T3 and its mechanisms reported by several researches. Tadeusz et al. (2005). Vit. E describes a number of compounds that differ in chemical structure and biological activity. Naturally occurring Vit. E consists of a mixture of eight compounds that differ by the methylation patterns of the chromanol ring (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol) and the presence or absence of double bonds of the phytyl side chain (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol). The role of these molecules as lipophilic antioxidants in vitro and in vivo is widely accepted. In addition, the non antioxidant properties of Vit.E family members have also been investigated (Aziz et al., 2002).
The Vit. E molecule can be divided into three different domains. The functional domain (I) arises from the substitution pattern at position C6 of the chromanol ring. This position determines whether the molecule behaves as redox active or redox silent.
The well documented antioxidant properties of the four tocopherol isomers resulted in their application in cancer clinical trials (Pham and Plakogiannis, 2005). The second, signaling domain (II), exhibits activities that are independent of the antioxidant nature of tocopherols and are given by the methylation pattern of the aromatic ring. (Kunisaki et al., 1995 and Tasinato et al., 1995). The lipophilic side chain of Vit. E isomers distinguishes between tocopherols with saturated isoprenyl units and tocotrienols with unsaturated isoprenyl units.
The hydrophobic domain (III) determines whether the molecule can bind to lipoproteins and membranes or be degraded by phase I enzymes (Birringer et al., 2002; Neuzil and Massa, 2005). Redox Silent Tocopherol Derivatives: Modifications of the Functional Domain. Mitocans induce apoptosis by initiating the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. It has been reported that α-TOS-induced apoptosis was more pronounced in cancer cells with
reduced antioxidant capacity (Kogure et al., 2002). Agents that induce malignant cells to generate
differentiated progeny might prevent the progression of cancers (Marks et al., 1996). Hexamethylene
bisacetamide (HMBA), a low molecular weight synthetic compound, induces terminal differentiation and apoptosis in transformed cells in culture ( Richon et al., 1997 and Siegel et al., 1998)). Induced differentiation of transformed cells by hybrid polar compounds, such as hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), is regularly associated with a loss of proliferative capacity (Marks et al., 1996). This is generally associated with cell cycle arrest in G1 (Richon et al., 1998).
In some cell lineages, inducer mediated loss of proliferation reflects programmed cell death (Andreeff et al., 1992; Richon et al., 1997 and Siegel et al., 1998). t-butyl-hydroquinone (tBHQ), is well known phenolic antioxidants used in food preservatives, strongly activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) and/or extracellular signal regulated protein kinase-2 (ERK2) in a dose and time dependent fashion. At relatively high concentrations, tBHQ stimulated proteolytic activity of ICE/Ced3 cysteine proteases, and caused apoptosis.
Further increase in concentrations lead to rapid cell death predominantly occurred via necrosis, t -Butylhydroquinone is used as an antioxidant in cosmetic products such as lipsticks, eye shadows, perfumes, blushers, and skin care preparations at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1.0%; the chemical is also used at concentrations up to 0.02% in oils, fats, and meat products to prevent rancidity, and as a polymerization inhibitor for various polyunsaturated polyesters (Okubo et al., 2003).
2. Materials and Methods: 1. Tested compounds:
Vit. E, Corn oil, N-Hexamethylen bisacetamide (HMBA) and t–Butyl hydroquinone (TBH) which were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO). 2. Cell culture:
Hep-G2, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line was obtained from National Cancer Institute of Cairo University. Cells were cultured in RPMI- 1640 medium (RPMI-1640, Sigma–Aldrich, St Louis, USA). The medium was supplemented with antibiotic- antimycotic (100 U/ml penicillin and 2 mg/ml streptomycin) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, USA). The cells were subcultivated after trypsination (Trypsin-EDTA, Cambrex BioScience Verviers, Belgium) once or twice per week and resuspended in complete medium in a 1:5
split ratio. Cell line was maintained as monolayer in 75 cm2 cell culture flasks with filter screw caps (TPP, Trasadingen, Switzerland) at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator. Tested compounds were dissolved in DMSO (99.9%). In all the cellular experiments, results were compared with DMSO treated cells. The data was represented as mean ±S.D. 3. Cell treatment:
Cells were treated with vit.E at concentration range from 0.65ug/dl to 5ug/dl, corn oil at concentration range from 0.65ug/dl to 5ug/dl, t- BH at concentration range from 12.50 to 200.00 µg/ml and with HMBA at concentration range from 0.65 to 5.00 ug/ml. The percentage of viable cells was determined by trypan blue exclusion. 4. MTT cytotoxic assay:
Anti-proliferative activity against liver tumor cell line was estimated by the 3-[4,5-dimethyl- 2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which is based on the cleavage of the tetrazolium salt by mitochondrial dehydrogenises in viable cells . Cells were treated for 24 hrs with various concentrations of Vit. E, Corn oil, HMBA and TBH before submitted to the MTT assay. The relative cell viability was expressed as the mean percentage of viable cells comparing to DMSO- treated cells, and the half maximal growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated by the trend line equation. 5. Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis:
Hep-G2 cells (5x105 cells/well) were plated in 6 well microplate. Then collected after treatment with IC50 concentration of Vit.E, Corn oil, HMBA and TBH for 6h, washed two times with PBS, resuspended in 300µl of PBS, and fixed with 4 ml of ice cold 70% ethanol. When ready to stain with propidium iodide (PI), cells were centrifuged; the ethanol was removed and washed once in PBS. The cell pellets were then resuspended in 1ml of PI/Triton X-100 staining solution (0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS, 0.2 mg/ml RNase A and 10 mg/ml PI) and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. The stained cells were analyzed using a MoFlo flow cytometer (DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark). 6. Flow cytometric Apoptosis/Necrosis analysis:
Annexin V is a protein that binds to phosphatidylserine (PS) residues, which are exposed on the cell surface of apoptotic, but not normal cells. In living cells, the distribution of the PS group in the plasma membrane is asymmetrical, such that the groups are directed toward the inside of the cell.
During apoptosis, this asymmetry is lost, and the PS groups are exposed to the exterior of the cell membrane. The binding of PS with annexin V is therefore an established biochemical marker of apoptosis.
Loss of phospholipids asymmetry and exposure of PS in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane
Khawaja Farid
Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroesofgico RGE, Dr. Farid Abu Elbar, Especialista en Meicina Interna
Professional Portfolio Wafaa Arich
Farid (GDRE)
Jbari Wafaa Thesis LinkedIn
5th BI-ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN WOMEN CAIRO, EGYPT'S PROF. DR. WAFAA MOHAMED HAGGAG Dr. Wafaa
Prof. Dr. Wafaa Mohamed Haggag Head of Patents office, 2019-10-17آ Prof. Dr. Wafaa Mohamed Haggag Head
WAFAA ELSAYED ELBASTY - COnnecting REpositories 2020. 5. 6.آ WAFAA ELSAYED ELBASTY A project dissertation
Farid Fleifel
Sajjiil Farid Farid
Viva Farid
Abu Al-Wafaa Al-Bozjani - Abdulla ... Abu Al-Wafaa Al-Bozjani Done By ST.ID - Hawra Jameel Jassim 20121528
Hanaa Hamdy1,Wafaa Ghoneim2, Hatem ... Hanaa Hamdy1,Wafaa Ghoneim2, Hatem Abdelmonem2,Ibrahim Ali3,Marwa
Skripsi Farid Yuliyadi
Qu© medico quiero ser, Dr. Farid Abu Elbar. Especialista en Medicina Interna. Denia _ Espa±a
Farid Moussallem
Abordaje de la esplenomgalia. Dr. Farid Abu Elbar. Especialista en Medicina Interna
Malaria Farid
Paciente con transaminasas altas, Dr. Farid Abu Elbar, Especialista en Medicina Interna, Denia - Espa±a
Wafaa Souadji


Rewind the movie to before the stock market lows of March 9: stocks down, corporate bonds down, commodities and gold down, emerging-market currencies down, safe havens in fashion, including the US dollar and government bonds. In short, risky assets closed sharply lower over the past few days as concerns mounted over the outlook for central bank policy and the sustainability of the global economic recovery, with investors only warming momentarily to the US emerging from recession as shown by the Q3 GDP report (announced on the 80th anniversary of Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929).
Adding to the economic uncertainty, Chuck Butler of the Daily Pfennig, highlighted a study by Peter Bernholz (Professor of Economics in Basel) in which he analyzed the world's 12 most important periods of hyperinflation and discovered that the tipping point occurred when deficits amounted to 40% of the expenditures. "For the United States we have arrived at exactly that point. The deficit of $1.5 trillion amounts to 41.7% of the $3.6 trillion in expenses," said Butler.
Source: Walt Handelsman, October 30, 2009.
The CBOE Volatility (VIX) Index is a measure of the implied volatility of S&P 500 Index options, with very low numbers indicating extreme bullishness and very high numbers severe bearishness. It is also referred to as the "fear gauge" of US stock markets and is used as a contrary indicator as it moves inversely to equity prices. As shown below, it is noteworthy that the VIX has surged by 48.3% during the past seven trading sessions to its highest level since early July.
The past week's performance of the major asset classes is summarized by the chart below. The numbers indicate an all-change pattern in the performances from the past few months as risk aversion re-entered financial markets and investors moved money from stocks and commodities into government bonds and the US dollar.
The US indices closed down for the second consecutive week, yo-yoing during the course of the week, but with a particularly ugly close (on steep volume) on Friday, marking the worst day in the case of the Dow Jones Industrial Index and the S&P 500 Index since the beginning of July. The benchmarks recorded their first loss-making month since February, with the exception of the Dow Jones Industrial Index that was unchanged from September.
Top performers among stock markets this week were Ecuador (+4.2%), Sweden (+1.2%), Bangladesh (+1.2%), Kenya (+1.1%) and Uganda (+1.0%). At the bottom end of the performance rankings countries included Peru (‑9.5%), Ghana (-8.9%), Ireland (-8.9%), Cyprus (-7.9%) and Argentina (‑7.9%).
John Nyaradi (Wall Street Sector Selector) reports that, as far as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are concerned, the winners for the week included ProShares Short Emerging Markets (EUM) (+7.7%), ProShares Short Russell 2000 (RWM) (+6.5%) and ProShares Short Financial (SEF) (+6.5%). Besides short funds, CurrencyShares Japanese Yen Trust (FXY) (+2.3%) and PowerShares DB US Dollar Bullish (UUP) (+1.2%) also performed well.
On the losing side of the slate, ETFs included SPDR S&P Emerging Europe (GUR) (-11.0%), Market Vectors Solar Energy (KWT) (-11.0%) and Claymore/MAC Global Solar Energy (TAN) (-10.9%).
Referring to the massive Wall Street bonuses, the quote du jour this week comes from Allan Sloan in The Washington Post (hat tip: The King Report). He said: "What do the record-high Wall Street bonuses have in common with the record-low yields for savers? Answer: They show yet another way that prudent people, especially those living on fixed incomes, are being cheated by the government's bailout of the imprudent.
The major moving-average levels for the benchmark US indices, the BRIC countries and South Africa (from where I am writing this report) are given in the table below. Most of the indices, including all the US indices, have fallen below their 50-day moving averages over the past few days, but all the indices are still holding above their respective 200-day moving averages. The 50-day lines are also above the 200-day lines in all instances.
The October lows are also given in the table. A break below these levels would indicate a reversal of the uptrend since March, i.e. reversing the progression of higher reaction lows. In fact, last week's declines resulted in some indices - including the Dow Jones Transportation Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the Nasdaq Composite Index - already having fallen below these levels.
Not shown below, the Australian All Ordinaries Index has already broken through its 200-day moving average, albeit only marginally, with the 50-day average at the same level as the 200-day level.
Below is a chart not many analysts follow, namely the Dow Jones Composite Average, made up of the 30 industrial stocks, the 20 transportation stocks and the 15 utility stocks. According to Richard Russell (Dow Theory Letters), the Composite tends to lead the market on many occasions. "Note that the Composite is trading completely below its 50-day moving average. The divergence with MACD at the bottom of the chart is spectacular. Volume is expanding as the Composite declines. In all, a nasty picture, and one that I take seriously," said the old-timer.
According to Casey's Daily Dispatch, State Street Global Markets has just released its Investor Confidence Index for October 2009, measuring investor confidence on a quantitative basis by analyzing the actual buying and selling patterns of institutional investors. The results indicate that the big money is starting to turn bearish. "Global investor confidence fell by 10.0 points to 108.4 from a revised September level of 118.4. The most pronounced decline was evident among North American investors, where confidence fell by 12.8 points from 113.9 to 101.1," said the report.
Source: Cris Wood, Casey's Daily Dispatch, October 30, 2009.
Breadth indicators are useful tools to assess the inner workings of the market's rallies or corrections, and these indicators are used to identify strength or weakness behind market moves, i.e. to assess how the bulls and the bears are exerting themselves. Three of these measures are discussed below.
The advance/decline spread tracks the difference between advancing and declining issues and is widely used to measure the breadth of a stock market advance or decline. The chart below shows that the cumulative spread between declining and advancing issues on the Nasdaq turned down a few days prior to the October 19 peak and is leading the market lower.
Net new highs are calculated by subtracting the number of new 52-week lows from the number of new 52-week highs. March 6 marked an "internal bottom" when a large number of the stocks on the NYSE recorded new lows (whereas a "price bottom" was recorded on March 9). Net new highs have since improved markedly, but it would seem that the ratio is close to falling below the zero line (i.e. when new lows will again exceed new highs).
The number of NYSE stocks trading above their respective 50-day moving averages has dropped to 34.7% from 91.6% in September. In order to be bullish about the secondary trend, one would expect the majority of stocks to be above the 50-day line. For a primary uptrend to be intact, the bulk of the index constituents also need to trade above their 200-day averages. This is a slow indicator, with the number still at a lofty 85.9% but down from its recent peak of 93.4%.
Stock market breadth has been moving in the wrong direction over the past few days and the "internals" seem to indicate further downside.
A number of commentators have been making pronouncements about the extent of a possible decline. For example, Jeremy Grantham (GMO) expects the S&P 500 to drop by 15-25%, David Rosenberg (Gluskin Sheff & Associates) sees markets falling by 20%, Doug Kass is looking at -5% to ‑12%, David Fuller at 10-15% and Barry Ritholtz at 5-15% (The Big Picture), with Andrew Smithers (Smithers & Co) the most bearish, viewing the S&P 500 to be 40% overvalued.
Turning to fundamentals: as discussed in a post a few days ago, a good way of looking at valuation levels, and cutting through the uncertainty of having to forecast earnings, is by means of Robert Shiller's cyclically adjusted price-earnings ratio (CAPE), effectively muting the impact of the business cycle by averaging ten years of earnings. Using rolling ten-year reported earnings, my research (based on Shiller's methodology, but including some refinements) shows that the "normalized" price-earnings ratio of the S&P 500 Index is currently 18.8. This compares with a long-term average of just more than 16.3 and implies an overvaluation of 13%. The graphs below show data since 1950, but the actual calculations date back to 1871.
American Apparel APP was up Wednesday, Thursday AND Friday! Go Dov!
i saw thought--they had a spot on "controversial CEOs" hah!


I'm sure this topic would have been extensively covered before, as it's a primary Detection tool for Research, but for those Newbies who haven't, here's a cheap (bout $10) design to build at home whilst waiting for the winter to move on.
A Parabolic is simply a microphone with big ears.
The basic design is simple...it's up to the individual how complex it can be, but the philosophy is, Keep It Simple Stupid. This is about as hard to build as a daisy chain from clovers!
The parabolic disk design can be altered to achieve directional results, by shaping the disk edges. The microphone choice is up to you..but I would stick to Dynamic Microphones & avoid Condensers, too sensitive for a large disk & pricey but can have a advantage by recording into 2 Diaphragms making it stereo. Here is all required links to build your own...Good Luck & please share your results..


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Advantages of Solar Power
Not using fossil fuels is the greatest advantage of solar power
Although solar electricity, like any fuel, has some downsides, they're clearly not insurmountable and, many believe, they are outweighed by their advantages. One of the most important advantages is that solar energy is an abundant, renewable resource. While natural gas, Oil, coal, and nuclear fuels are finite and on the decline, solar energy will be available to us as long as the Sun continues to shine ‑ for at least 5 billion years.
Solar energy is a clean energy resource, too. By reducing our reliance on coal‑fired power plants, solar electricity could help homeowners and businesses reduce their contribution to a host of environmental problems, among them acid rain, global climate change, habitat destruction, and species extinction. Solar electricity could even replace costly, environmentally risky nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants cost upwards of $6 to $ billion, and no long term solution has been enacted to store the high‑level radioactive waste they produce.
Solar energy could help us decrease our reliance on declining and costly supplies of fossil fuels like natural gas. Solar could also help us decrease our reliance on oil. Although very little electricity in the United States comes from oil, electricity generated by solar electric systems could be used to power electric or plug‑in hybrid cars and trucks, reducing our demand for gasoline and diesel fuel, both of which come from oil. And, although the production of solar electric systems does have its impacts, all in all it is a relatively benign technology compared to fossil fuel and nuclear power plants.
Another benefit of solar electricity is that, unlike oil, coal, and nuclear energy, the fuel is free. Moreover, solar energy is not owned or controlled by hostile foreign states or one of the dozen or so influential energy companies that largely dictate energy policy, especially in the United States. Because the fuel is free and will remain so, solar energy can provide a hedge against inflation, caused in part by ever‑increasing fuel costs.
An increasing reliance on solar and wind energy could also ease political tensions worldwide. Solar and other renewable energy resources could alleviate the need for costly military operations aimed at stabilizing the Mideast, a region where the largest oil reserves reside. Because the Sun is not owned or controlled by the Middle East, we'll never fight a war over solar or other renewable energy resources. Not a drop of human blood will be shed to ensure a steady supply of solar energy to fuel our economy.
Yet another advantage of solar‑generated electricity is that it uses existing infrastructure ‑ the electrical grid ‑ and technologies in use today such as electric toasters, microwaves, and the like. A transition to solar electricity could occur fairly seamlessly.
Solar electricity is also modular. You can add on to a system over time. If you can only afford a small system, you can start small and expand your system as money becomes available.
Solar electricity could provide substantial economic benefits for local, state, and regional economies. And solar electricity does not require extensive use of water, an increasing problem for coal, nuclear, and gas‑fired power plants, particularly in the western United States and in and regions.
Solar Power Controller
Solar Power Economics
Solar Power Batteries
Solar Power Pros and Cons
Solar Power Generators
What is a Photovoltaic Cell ?
Solar Power Invertors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


NYAPRS Note: With Governor Cuomo and the Assembly supporting proposals to raise the age of criminal liability to 18 and the state Senate's new willingness to discuss the issue, some hope has been raised for passage in this session. This has been one of NYAPRS major priorities…play stay tuned about what you can do to help.
One-house budget resolutions traditionally establish priorities for both the Senate and Assembly before a final budget is hammered out by the end of the month.
This year, for the first time, the Republican-controlled Senate has agreed to include raising the age of criminal liability in New York State to 18.
"We have to make sure that nonviolent offenses, as well as misdemeanors, are heard in family court for 16- and 17-year-olds," said Jeff Klein, the leader of the state Senate's Independent Democratic Conference. "We have to move toward rehabilitation, not incarceration."
New York and North Carolina are the only two states in the nation that currently try 16- and 17-year-olds as adults.
Governor Andrew Cuomo first proposed raising the age two years ago, but it fell short in the Senate. Now, Senate Republicans indicate they are willing to try and get it done.
"Well, the governor has proposed, as you know, and other legislative leaders have identified it as a priority, so we are obligated to discuss it. But I don't think you'll see much detail beyond a commitment to discussing it," said state Senator Patrick Gallivan of Erie County.
Republicans agreed to raise the age after pressure from members of the breakaway Independent Democratic Conference, or IDC, which has a power-sharing arrangement with Republicans in the Senate.
"We staked out a very clear position that we weren't going to vote on a budget, a final budget anyway, unless it includes Raise the Age," Klein said. "This issue is important. I'm glad we're all talking about it."
…Mainline state Senate Democrats have called for raising the age and have warned against the IDC and Republicans crafting a version that is watered down or compromised.
In a Tuesday radio interview, Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie did not waverfrom support of the Assembly's proposal to raise the age of criminal responsibility to 18 years old, maintaining that primary jurisdiction for 16- and 17-year-old offenders should be family court, not a separate adolescent diversion court.
There is willingness to discuss the idea of raising the age at the Capitol. The two main sticking points heading into serious budget negotiations likely will bethe primary jurisdiction and the list of crimesthat will be tried in what courts.
Generally, the raise the age rhetoric has centered on the ideathat the policy would apply to non-violent youth offenders.
The Senate, which is controlled by Republicans who have a coalition with a band of Democrats who want raise the age passed,will include raise the age in its one-house budget, NY1 reported Monday.
But what exact detail Senate Republicans will outline is unclear.
In its one-house budget, the Assembly modifies Gov. Andrew Cuomo's proposed version of raise the age (see page 91 of the document here; see also Part J here for Cuomo's proposal).
New York State's practice of charging all 16- and 17-year olds as adults in the criminal justice system could finally end this year, as both houses of the legislature and the governor are tentatively supporting a change.
New York is one of only two states that automatically treats 16- and 17-year olds as adults in the criminal justice system, according to Raise the Age, a coalition of community organizations. That means holding teens in adult jails after arrest, trying them in adult court and sending them to adult prisons if convicted — potentially leaving teens with a criminal record.
The state Assembly, which passed its own budget proposal on Wednesday, has long been supportive of raising the age of criminal responsibility, and Gov. Andrew Cuomo has also included provisions to do so in previous years' budget proposals.
But Tami Steckler, attorney-in-charge of the juvenile rights practice at the Legal Aid Society, isn't ready todeclare victory. She said it's important that the final bill include wide protections for young people — regardless of the crime they are charged with — including requirements that all teens be held in juvenile facilities and that their cases be handled under family court law.


The PASS Management Model requires three elementary key performance indicators (KPIs): productivity, costs and quality. Using the right measurement methods, the application of which can be automated in many cases, these KPIs can be collected on a specific key date.
Valuable information is garnered from the regular collection of key date-based KPIs and the analysis of their progress over time. In this way, for example, it becomes apparent whether productivity increases or decreases over an extended period, whether measures to increase productivity or new releases impact negatively on quality, or what effect changes to framework conditions can have. By comparing different projects or organizational units, differences in performance also become clear; this understanding is vital in the quest for targeted improvements.
Various spheres of activity (Key Performance Areas, KPAs for short) wield varying degrees of influence on the relevant KPIs. By acknowledging these leverage effects, improvement measures can be planned and implemented in a goal-oriented manner in cost-benefit terms. After implementation, its effectiveness can be evaluated based on the subsequent KPI progress over time, delivering further indications for optimization.
PASS has been using this model for IT Quality Management successfully for many years itself - in more than ten application landscapes with over 500 customers and approx. 250,000 users. In the book series Produktivitätssteigerung in der Softwareentwicklung (German), measurement methods, the management model itself and empirical values are discussed in relation to potential improvements.
How prepared is your IT shop for a KPI-based management model?
We use a quick assessment as a guide to ascertain how measurable productivity and quality are in your IT shop, how you can automate these measurements, and which organizational and process-related requirements need to be satisfied in order to implement our KPI-based IT Quality Management. We perform an initial measurement of productivity and quality, and use our own empirical values as a benchmark to show you where you currently stand and what potential for improvement is possible.
How great is the potential for improvement?
By introducing standards and by automating processes, productivity in software development has been shown to increase 20-fold. A factor of 100 has even been achieved with the reuse of technical and special components.
How much effort is involved in measuring?
The effort involved in measuring the functional scope is greatly dependent on how well the application architecture is understood. By utilizing the Data-Interaction-Point Method (DIP Method), which is used by PASS, the scope of a complete banking system can be measured in just one day.
How can measurements of the functional scope be automated?
When measuring the functional scope, the objects to be counted, for example, input and output elements in the user interface and interface attributes, are mapped to constructive characteristics, which can be counted by the program. The complete system scope is always measured with each program run. By calculating the difference with respect to the previous measurement, the scope of further development can be defined.
What influence does complexity have on measurement accuracy?
Many methods for measuring the functional scope, for example, the Data-Interaction-Point Method (DIP Method) used by PASS, take into account the complexity of interactions between the system to be measured and the actors involved in its application cases. Algorithmic complexity is not taken into account.
How long does it take before the first signs of success become apparent?
From experience, we can say that sustainable improvement in productivity and quality can be measured after one year, if measurements are performed and analyzed on a monthly basis, and if effective improvement measures are implemented.


"Operations" refers to the programme in Petroleum development and operations.
"Policy" refers to the programme in Petroleum policy and resource management.
The two programmes run in parallel. Some lectures are common to both programmes.
Each module listed below has several lectures.
Global energy perspectives: International energy sector developments; dilemma of energy and climate.
Petroleum sector policy: The challenge of achieving lasting benefits; resource management; contents of petroleum policy.
Petroleum legislation: The legal structure of national petroleum governance.
Petroleum sector organisation: The structure of public institutions for managing petroleum resources.
Licencing regime and fiscal regime: Systems for granting rights for petroleum operations and for sharing the value of petroleum between State and firms.
Financial management and integrity: State management of revenues from petroleum. Managing the macro economic impact. Efforts to prevent corruption.
Environmental management: Environmental policy considerations, legal framework and governance, risk analysis, oil spill contingency, EIA, SEA.
Resource assessment and prospect evaluation: Geological foundations. The process of assessing exploration opportunities. Resource reporting and analysis.
Exploration analysis and decisions: Handling uncertainty in exploration decisions. Company strategy for entering a basin.
The licensing process: Pre-licensing preparations, promotion, licensing strategy, negotiations of petroleum rights.
Drilling: Drilling technology, operations, contracts and costs.
Selection of technology: Development concepts, well stream processing, multi-phase flow, deep-water technology.
Natural gas: Characteristics, processing, transport, markets, regulations, supply organisation. NGL markets.
Petroleum economics and decision support: Project economics, petroleum company finances, project evaluation, economic analysis worksheet, cost estimation tool, decisions under uncertainty.
Operations: Field operations, effectiveness, commissioning and start-up, metering hydrocarbons.


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Q: Computation of $\nabla_a\nabla_b X^d$ All my notation follows Chrusciel's book "Elements of General Relativity". For a vector field $Y$ and connection $\nabla$, we define
$$\nabla_a Y^b:=dx^b(\nabla_a Y)$$
where $\nabla_a:=\nabla_{\partial_a}$. So in English, this would be taking the b-th component of the vector field $\nabla_a Y$, NOT taking the covariant derivative of the coefficient function $Y^b$ in the direction of $a$. Apologies if this is standard, but I haven't encountered such notation before. Continuing, we also define Christoffel symbols as
$$\nabla_a \partial_b:=\Gamma^c_{ab}\partial_c$$
My question concerns the following lines in proof of Proposition 1.4.1 on page 29:
\begin{align*}
\nabla_a\nabla_b X^d&=\partial_a(\nabla_b X^d)+ \Gamma^d_{ae}\nabla_bX^c - \Gamma^e_{ab}\nabla_e X^d\\
&=\partial_a\partial_bX^d+\partial_a\Gamma^d_{be}X^e+\Gamma^d_{be}\partial_aX^e+\Gamma^d_{ac}\partial_bX^c+\Gamma^d_{ac}\Gamma^c_{be}X^e-\Gamma_{ab}^e\nabla_eX^d
\end{align*}
I don't understand the first equality. Let me try computing in a way more familar to me. If we take $X=X^i\partial_i$, and define coefficeints $Y^i$ by $\nabla_b X=Y^i\partial_i$, we compute
\begin{align*}
\nabla_a\nabla_b X&=\partial_aY^i\partial_i+Y^j\nabla_a\partial_j\\
&=\partial_a Y^i\partial_i+Y^j\Gamma^i_{aj}\partial_i\\
&=(\partial_a Y^i+Y^j\Gamma^i_{aj})\partial_i
\end{align*}
A similar computation determines $Y^i=\partial_b X^i+X^k\Gamma^i_{bk}$, so we subsitute to get
\begin{align*}
\nabla_a\nabla_bX&=\left[\partial_a(\partial_bX^i+X^k\Gamma^i_{bk})+(\partial_bX^j+X^k\Gamma^j_{bk})\Gamma^i_{aj}\right]\partial_i\\
&=\left[\partial_a\partial_bX^i+\partial_aX^k\Gamma^i_{bk}+X^k\partial_a\Gamma^i_{bk}+\partial_bX^j\Gamma^i_{aj}+X^k\Gamma^j_{bk}\Gamma^i_{aj}\right]\partial_i
\end{align*}
Note that the two answers do NOT match! In Chrusciel's computation, there's an extra number of terms, namely
$$-\Gamma^e_{ab}\nabla_e X^d,$$
but the rest of the terms match up. Could someone help me find the computation in my mistake, explain where these extra negative terms come from, or explain the first equality in Chrusciel's proof?

A: Your mistake is a subtle one, and is related to the notational ambiguity you mention at the beginning of your question.  In abstract index notation, the expression $X^b$ is to be understood to mean the vector field $X$, with the superscript $b$ not being a numerical label (i.e. the $b^{th}$ component) but rather as a formal symbol to remind us that $X$ has one "slot" to fill (i.e. it is a function of a single covector).
Therefore, in the expression $\nabla_a\nabla_b X^d$, we should identify $X^d$ as a $(1,0)$-tensor, $\nabla_b X^d$ as a $(1,1)$-tensor, and $\nabla_a \nabla_b X^d$ as a $(1,2)$-tensor.  In other words, $\nabla_a \nabla_b X^d \equiv \nabla \nabla X$ in coordinate-free notation.
The action of $\nabla$ on a $(1,1)$-tensor $T$ is given in component form$^\dagger$ by
$$(\nabla T)^i_{jk} = \partial_j T^i_{\ \ k} + \Gamma^i_{j\ell}T^\ell_{\ \ k} \color{red}{- \Gamma^\ell_{jk} T^i_{\ \ \ell}}$$
which is the origin of the mysterious extra term.
$^\dagger$Note that this is not abstract index notation - the indices in this final expression take numerical values, and the quantities being labeled are the components of tensors (and the Christoffel symbols).

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Main Title Air quality data - 1974 annual statistics.
CORP Author United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Waste Management.
Subjects Air quality--Statistics. ; Air--Pollution--United States--Statistics.
Collation xii, 187 pages ; 26 cm.
This report is a statistical summary report on ambient air quality submitted to EPA from air monitoring operations of state, local and Federal networks in accordance with requirements of the Clean Air Act and EPA Regulations for State Implementation Plans (SIP's). These data represent all ambient air quality data sampled for pollutants that currently have National Ambient Air Quality Standards.


Ex-Rep. Jim Moran On Why Va. Gov. Northam Should Not Resign Steve Inskeep talks to Democratic ex-Rep. Jim Moran of Virginia, who is urging Democratic Gov. Ralph Northam to stay in office. Other Democrats want Northam to resign after a racist photo surfaced.
Steve Inskeep talks to Democratic ex-Rep. Jim Moran of Virginia, who is urging Democratic Gov. Ralph Northam to stay in office. Other Democrats want Northam to resign after a racist photo surfaced.
It is common to say the Democrats have been almost unanimous in calling on Governor Northam to resign. So let's dwell on that word, almost, because former Virginia Democratic Congressman Jim Moran is calling on Northam to stay in Office. Moran represented the 8th District for more than two decades and worked with Northam over the years. And he's on the line from Northern Virginia. Mr. Moran, welcome to the program.
JIM MORAN: Thank you. Good morning, Steve.
INSKEEP: Why should Northern stay after all that's happened?
MORAN: Well, you know, it's a tough case to make, I - I admit that. I've listen to dozens of commentators over the last several days, all of whom are in unanimous agreement because they all tend to be young, attractive, bright and very sure of themselves. I'm none of those things Steve, but I know, at this point my life, enough to know what I don't know. And I don't know whether Ralph Northam is pictured in that horrifically racist photo.
MORAN: ...And Ralph knows that. And I think he is committed to being a very progressive governor that undoes much of that legacy.
INSKEEP: So you've made several points there, Mr. Moran, one of them just being that we ought to be humble about how much we know. And you're not sure yet if it's really him in the photo. But of course we have followed Governor Northam as he has, arguably, made things continuously worse over the last several days. We had a Virginia Democratic member of the House of Delegates, Jeff Bourne, on the program yesterday. And he says he no longer needs to know about that photo because of everything else that Northam said at that press conference on Saturday. Let's listen to a little bit of that.
JEFF BOURNE: When he's talking about his shoe polish on its face, he said it was hard to get off. Well, I think Congressman McEachin said over the weekend, how did he know it was going to be hard to get off if he hadn't done it before? I think all the things that continue to be said from Governor Northam - the insensitivity by attempting - or looking like he was going to attempt to moonwalk, and having had the first lady tell him, no, that's not appropriate right now or at all.
BOURNE: You know, it just continues to build, and folks have lost confidence in it.
INSKEEP: And of course, before he said he wasn't in the photo, as you know, Mr. Moran, he said, on video, that he was in the photo and apologized for it. Is this just not really a salvageable situation?
MORAN: It doesn't appear to be, but sometimes the facts are not as they at first appear to be. By his own admission, that was an abysmally stupid thing for Ralph to do. I can understand, though, what happens when you're blindsided by a shocking allegation. Your staff is screaming at you, apologize, apologize. Don't try to explain yourself, just - just tell people that you're terribly sorry. And then you - when you have a chance to finally reflect and you think, oh, you know, those - those are not my words. I didn't say that. Or that's not me in the photo. Well, it happens but - I know it happens.
INSKEEP: But it's strange - it is strange, isn't it? - that he looked at the photo and said, yeah, OK, I guess that's me. Like, it didn't seem wildly improbable to him that he would have been in blackface or in a Klan uniform.
MORAN: You know, it seems that way, but we don't know what actually went on. We don't- you know, we don't know how he saw the photo, we don't know his state of mind. I - I can't argue with you what appears to be the case, but, you know, there's a play Reginald Rose wrote, it's called "Twelve Angry Men." And you go through that play and you realize, you know, that - that justice is very seldom served by a rush to judgment. I don't know why we can't find these things out for sure.
INSKEEP: OK, second chance, I understand that point as well. Let me ask about the politics of this before we run out of time, Mr. Moran. Tom Perez, the Democratic National Committee chairman, was on All Things Considered yesterday and said that Democrats have not hesitated to hold accountable - these are Perez's words - Democrats have not hesitated to hold accountable people who violate our values, whether they're Republicans or Democrats.
And then he says, that's a big difference between us and the Republican Party. He clearly wants Democrats to draw a contrast there between Republicans, who have forgiven virtually everything by President Trump. If you - if you forgive Ralph Northam, do you also have to forgive President Trump a lot of racist remarks?
MORAN: ...Progress is what matters, not necessarily as much the individuals and all the human failing.
INSKEEP: Jim Moran, former Democratic congressman from Virginia, thanks so much.


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The Main Drag
New Kids on the Block Party
Downtown block party this Sunday spotlights a revitalized stretch of Main Street.
By Katharine Shilcutt 1/17/2014 at 11:54am
The 300 block of Main Street hasn't been this hip since people were tying up horses out front.
Image: Katharine Shilcutt
The 300 block of Main Street downtown—pictured in the oldest known photograph of Houston, featured on Houstonia earlier this week—no longer sports two-story wooden storefronts nor a muddy main drag. These days, the brick-and-stone edifices that replaced the wooden stores in the late 19th century are filled with an assortment of some of Houston's most interesting bars, restaurants, and live music venues.
If you've not yet visited the recently revitalized Main Street—home to Goro & Gun, Little Dipper, The Pastry War, Captain Foxheart's Bad News Bar & Spirits Lounge, Dean's, Notsuoh, Mia Bella, and the OKRA Charity Saloon—this Sunday is the perfect opportunity. The Sunday! Sunday! Sunday! Block Party that runs from 4 to 10 p.m. will serve as an open house, an open-air market, and a chance to see some of the city's up-and-coming musicians all in one place.
Vendors such as women's clothing store Sultana's Daughter, T-shirt company FYHA (featured in Houstonia for its cheeky Houston-centric tees), and Whipped & Licked Ice Cream will be hawking their wares on Main Street all afternoon. Meanwhile, local musicians such as Shane Lauder and Chance Hunter will be playing along with a lineup of other acts.
Even if you've already visited the likes of Goro & Gun and the OKRA Charity Saloon—the "old" kids on the block—there's still plenty of fresh blood on the block, including the newly opened Little Dipper and the recently renovated Dean's. And the block's not done yet: The Nightingale Room is set to open this year, as is a coffee shop at the corner of Main and Congress.
Does that mean more block parties are in the future? Girl, you know it's true.
Downtown, The Pastry War, Goro & Gun, Okra, Bad News Bar, Dean's, Little Dipper
Somm Talk
So You Want to Get into Whiskey? Here's How
08/27/2020 By Justin Vann
Food News: Health-Forward Restaurant Satisfy Announced For River Oaks
Baby, It's... You Know
Updated: The Houston Restaurant Cold Weather Closure Guide
01/16/2018 By Cory Garcia
Bobby Heugel Quietly Opens a New Downtown Cocktail Bar
01/27/2017 By Katharine Shilcutt


$45.00 | 2006 | 76 min.
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NEW! Printable PDF of full transcripts of the performance featured on the DVD as well as Jo Salas's voiceover commentary is now available here.
This is a great resource for researchers, and for anyone studying the DVD, especially if English is not your first language.
You can see Maria's story from PERFORMING PLAYBACK THEATRE here.


So it's here. The first day of many that we won't spend together in its entirety.
Katja goes off to class and I start the day. It's Tuesday and therefore Tight Guy yoga with Carlos. I have an hour after breakfast where I do a little office work before heading down to the barn. Tight Guy yoga is good. Only sitting stretching poses which gives a much needed loosening of my hip and hamstrings. Katja and her group is in the room above us and during my class I heard them OM for closing their morning session, man that OM was loud, the whole building was vibrating.
I take the bike and go to our favorite babi guling place for lunch. Wouldn't you know it's closed. There's a huge festival tomorrow and the most dedicated are celebrating over three full days. I take the back roads and suddenly I come across another babi guling place. I stop and have a grand meal there. It's more expensive, but with larger portion.
Back in the room I read and watch a movie before I head down to a class of vinyasa flow. Carlos is teaching that too and he gives a very active class with lots of poses and movements.
I wait for Katja who should be done by six, but five past I move on. If they're not finished on time it's no telling how long they'll go on. She comes home half an hour later, smiling and happy.
We're getting our house back today and my sister is on the scene to handle our side. We're confident the house has been taken good care of by our tenants, so there's nothing dramatic about this. It's more a formality. Thank's a lot sis, for doing it for us.
The evening is spent with Katja doing homework while I read and play a game or two on the iPad. Nothing much to write about, really.


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Four Silver Lake College Students have been accepted into the National Band Association Wisconsin All-Star Band. Honored students include Allison Shackleton (freshman instrumental music education major from Neenah) playing flute, JoAnn Kleckner (senior art and math major, music minor from Two Rivers) playing flute, Amanda Dumovich (junior instrumental and general music education major from Sheboygan) performing on alto saxophone, and Meaghann Frank (freshman education major and music minor from Plymouth) performing on euphonium.
Silver Lake's Instrumental Music faculty member, Jeremiah Eis, has been selected as one of five Wisconsin Band Directors who will share the podium in rehearsal and final performance of the NBA-WC College All-Star Honors Band at their program at the Annual Convention, 9:00 pm on Friday, January 21, 2011 in the Lincoln High School Performing Arts Center (PAC) in Wisconsin Rapids. There are 19 Wisconsin colleges/universities participating to form a Band of approximately 100 students. The musicians selected for nomination by each school are among the top and most dedicated music students.


Hi all, hope y'all are doing good and enjoying the summer heat ( or winter cold depending where you are! ) here's the weekly recap and update for the second week of July!
I also reached out and got sent Phoenix Point's current backer build. As I was late to the party with this, I wanted to make my content stand out more somehow, so I drew from the similarities to XCOM to ask "What's the difference between the two" by creating a video focusing on that, instead of a more generic "Phoenix Point Preview". This resulted in my video: "5 Phoenix Point Features NOT in XCOM" - These types of videos are a bit more "clickbaity" or at least sensational than I prefer to do, but I feel the content within stays true to my analytical style of commentary and reporting.
Following that, I've been studying my analytics more, asking why certain videos do well and certain don't. It's a hard process to figure out, but I tried some experimentation with it in my latest video "7 Confirmed Features in Imperator: Rome - Dev Diary 1-7" and that seems to be doing well. I didn't want just a static screen while I talk about screenshots, from diaries, so I also spent a bit of extra time playing around in After Effects and learning some new things which allowed me to better bring to life the screenshots from the developer diaries by moving a camera around them in 3D space. I think it looks cool, and I've got it down pretty good now so I can make them quite quickly. It was a lot of fun figuring out and learning new techniques too, been a while since I've done that.
So those were the videos for the week, I also streamed 37 hours in the last 10 days! Streams have had great numbers and I've got to play with JackieFish and LegendOfTW in different games and host my Stellaris MP Game which has been a blast (it's my favourite thing to stream by far). These streams can all be caught on my twitch channel, and some of the best ones make it to the past broadcast playlist on my YouTube too.
I'm planning on covering some of the updates to Total War: ROME II and I've gotten some access to games I've been meaning to cover while also queuing them up for while I'm away.
Lastly we also got a bunch of new emotes on our Twitch channel by SpartanVI - I'm loving them and love seeing them being used!
Let me know if you've any feedback or thoughts about the content/direction of the channel!


Vision Marketing Resources, Inc. v. McMillin Group, LLC.
Texas Crowdfunding Portal Registration and Activities.
As we mentioned previously, an offering conducted under the crowdfunding exemption must be made exclusively through an Internet website operated by a registered general dealer or registered TCP.
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Evidence of Texas residency before a sale can be made to a prospective purchaser, e.
Hill International, Inc. v. Opportunity Partners L.P.
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