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Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
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Federal Highway Administration University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-05-107
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LESSON 12: MIDBLOCK CROSSINGS
12.1 Introduction
Designers often assume that pedestrians will cross roadways at established intersections. However, observation of pedestrian behavior clearly indicates that people routinely cross at midblock locations. Pedestrians will rarely go out of their way to cross at an intersection unless they are rewarded with a much improved crossing—most will take the most direct route possible to get to their destination, even if this means crossing several lanes of high–speed traffic.
Well–designed midblock crossings can actually provide many safety benefits to pedestrians when placed in proper locations. This chapter discusses those benefits and explains several basic design principles for midblock crossings. The major sections of this lesson are as follows:
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Background.
12.3 Medians and Refuge Islands—Powerful Safety Tools.
12.4 Advantages of Medians.
12.5 Design Considerations for Medians.
12.6 Midblock Crossings by Roadway Classification.
12.7 Midblock Crossing Design.
12.8 Staggered Midblock Crosswalks.
12.9 Midblock Crossing and Detection Technology.
12.10 Midblock Signals.
12.11 Grade–Separated Crossings.
12.12 Student Exercise.
12.13 References and Additional Resources.
12.2 Background
For most of this century—since pedestrians and motorists began competing for space—safety campaigns have directed pedestrians to walk to intersections to cross roadways. This is helpful advice, especially in downtown locations where signalization is frequent, where cycle lengths are short, where blocks are short, and where intersections are small and compact. But with the advent of the modern suburb, blocks are much longer, signalization is less frequent, some intersections are very wide, and vehicle speeds are much higher than in downtown areas. Under these conditions, crossing at intersections becomes less practical and often more dangerous.
Today's designer is challenged to find workable crossing points to move pedestrians across high–speed roadways. When convenient and manageable crossing points are not identified, most pedestrians cross at random, unpredictable locations. In making random crossings, they create confusion and add risk to themselves and drivers.
This chapter addresses several ways to facilitate nonintersection crossings: medians and refuge islands, midblock crossings, and grade–separated crossings. By placing medians along multilane roadways, the designer helps channel pedestrians to the best locations: where gaps are more frequent; where lighting is improved; and where motorists have the best chance to search, detect, recognize, and respond to the presence of pedestrians (see figure 12–1). Where there are medians, the pedestrian still may cross at random locations, but because of the increased frequency of acceptable gaps and greatly reduced conflicts, the pedestrian is more likely to find a longer gap and then walk (not rush) across the roadway.
Midblock crossings are an essential design tool. All designers must learn the best placement, geometrics, and operations of midblock crossings.
Figure 12–1. Photo. Midblock crossings are easily located on low–volume, low–speed roadways such as short collectors through neighborhoods.
12.3 Medians and Refuge Islands—Powerful Safety Tools
A median or refuge island is a raised longitudinal space separating the two main directions of traffic. Median islands, by definition, run one or many blocks. Refuge islands are much shorter than medians, with a length of 30.5–76.2 m (100–250 ft). Medians and refuge islands can be designed to block side–street or driveway crossings of the main road, as well as block left–turning movements. Because medians reduce turning movements, they can increase the flow rate (capacity) and safety of a roadway.
Medians have become an essential tool in minimizing the friction of turning and slowing vehicles. Medians maximize the safety of the motorist and pedestrian. Medians have been extensively studied by the Georgia and Florida DOTs. Based on more than 1609.3 centerline km (1,000 centerline mi) of conversion from two–way left–turn lanes (TWLTLs) to raised medians, motorist crashes were reduced dramatically. Florida DOT (FDOT) research has shown that pedestrians are at high risk while standing in TWLTLs.(1)
Midblock crossings can be kept simple and are easily located on low–volume, low–speed [40.2–48.3 km/h (25–30 mi/h)] roadways such as short collectors through neighborhoods. When collectors are longer and handle more traffic and higher speeds, medians or refuge islands are helpful and sometimes essential (see figure 12–2). On multilane minor and major arterials, refuge islands or raised medians are essential. However, when used, crosswalks must be placed with great care in these locations, especially once travel speeds exceed 64.4 km/h (40 mi/h).
Figure 12–2. Photo. Refuge islands and visible crosswalks are essential on major arterials with higher traffic speeds.
12.4 Advantages of Medians
Medians separate conflicts in time and place. The pedestrian faced with one or more lanes of traffic in each direction must determine a safe gap in two, four, or even six lanes at a time. This is a complex task requiring accurate decisions. Younger and older pedestrians have reduced gap acceptance skills compared with pedestrians in other age groups. Pedestrians also typically have poor gap assessment skills at night. Many may predict that a car is 61.0 m (200 ft) off when, in fact, it is only 30.5 m (100 ft) away, far too close to attempt a crossing.
Medians Allow More Frequent Gaps
Not only do medians separate conflicts, but they also create the potential for acceptable gaps. On a standard–width, four–lane roadway with a center left–turn lane [19.5 m (64 ft) wide, with five 3.7–m (12–ft) lanes plus two 61.0–cm (24–in) gutter pans], it takes an average pedestrian traveling 1.2 m/s (4 ft/s) nearly 16 seconds to cross. Finding a safe 16–second gap in four moving lanes of traffic may be difficult or impossible. In any event, an attempt to cross may require a wait of 3–5 minutes. Faced with such a substantial delay, many pedestrians select a less adequate gap, run across the roadway, or stand in the center left–turn lane in hope of an additional gap. If a raised median is placed in the center, the pedestrian now crosses 7.9 m (26 ft) instead. This requires two 8–second gaps (see figures 12–3 and 12–4). These shorter gaps come more frequently. Based on traffic volume and the platooning effects from downstream signalization, the pedestrian may be able to find an acceptable gap in a minute or less.
Figure 12–3. Photo. A midblock crossing without median refuge requires the pedestrian to look for gaps in both directions at once.
Figure 12–4. Photo. A midblock crossing with a median refuge allows the pedestrian to look for gaps in only one direction at a time.
Medians Are Less Expensive To Build
The reduced construction cost of a median versus a center left–turn lane comes as a surprise to many designers. Grass medians allow natural percolation of water, thus reducing drainage and water treatment costs. Medians do not require a base or asphalt. Curbing is essential in urban sections where medians are typically raised above the level of the street. In general, however, medians average a 5– to 10–percent reduction in materials and labor costs compared to a center left–turn lane.
Medians Are Less Expensive To Maintain
While there is only a slight savings in cost to build a raised median versus a center left–turn lane, there is a substantial savings in maintenance. An FDOT study compared 6.4 km (4 mi) of median versus center left–turn lane maintenance costs and found that medians save an average of 40 percent on maintenance costs based on a 20–year roadway life. More frequent resurfacing, such as every 7 to 9 years, would show much greater savings. This, too, surprises many designers. During the full life of the roadway asphalt, a raised median saves costs associated with sweeping accumulated debris, repainting lines, replacing raised pavement markers, and resurfacing lanes.
12.5 Design Considerations for Medians
Ideally, a median should be at least 2.4 m (8 ft) wide to allow the pedestrian to wait comfortably in the center, 1.2 m (4 ft) from moving traffic. A wider median is necessary if it must also serve the purpose of providing a left–turn bay for motor vehicle traffic at intersections. If the desired 2.4 m (8 ft) cannot be achieved, a width of 1.8 m (6 ft), or 1.2 m (4 ft) will be sufficient. To find the needed width, especially in a downtown or other commercial environment, consider narrowing travel lanes to an appropriate width. In most locations, this reduction in travel lanes can only be made to 3.4 m (11 ft), but in many other locations, where speeds are in the 32.2–48.3–km/h (20–30–mi/h) range, the reduction to 3.0 m (10 ft) or even 2.7 m (9 ft) is possible, and may even be desirable.
Medians typically have an open, flat cut and do not ramp up and down due to the short width. If the island is sufficiently large, then ramps approved by the ADA (1:12 grade) can be used. It is best to provide a slight grade (2 percent or less) to permit water and silt to drain from the area. Median cuts work best at midblock crossings.
12.6 Midblock Crossings by Roadway Classification
Midblock crossings are located and placed according to a number of factors, including roadway width, traffic volume, traffic speed and type, desired lines for pedestrian movement (see figure 12–5), and adjacent land use. Guidance for median placement on various types of roadways appears below.
Figure 12–5. Photo. Landscaping a median can block midblock access and divert pedestrians to adjacent intersections.
Local Roads
Due to their low traffic speed and volume, local roadways rarely have median treatments. Some exceptions may apply, especially around schools and hospitals, where traffic calming is desired, and in other unique locations.
Collector Roads
Two–lane collector roads occasionally have medians or refuge islands to channel pedestrians to preferred crossing locations. Used in a series, these refuge islands have a strong visual presence and act as significant devices to slow motorist travel through the corridor. A 16.1–km/h (10–mi/h) speed reduction (from to 64.4 to 48.3 km/h (40 mi/h to 30 mi/h)) has been achieved. Pedestrians crossing at these midblock refuge islands with marked crosswalks (who also make their intent to cross known) achieve a nearly 100–percent favorable response from motorists.
When collector roads are widened to four lanes (not recommended), raised medians may be essential. A boulevard–style street with tree canopies is recommended. This canopy effect helps reduce travel speeds.
Multilane Arterial Highways with Four Lanes
Suburban crossings of four–lane roadways are greatly improved when medians and midblock crossings are used. On lower–volume roadways, it is best not to use signalization.
Signalization may be helpful or even essential under the following conditions:
On higher volume roadways.
Where gaps are infrequent.
In school zones.
Where elderly or disabled pedestrians cross.
Where speeds are high.
When a number of other factors are present.
Multilane Arterial Highways with Six or More Lanes
On multilane arterials with six or more lanes, merging is occurring, lane changing increases, and there is a greater tendency for motorists to speed and slow. This creates highly complex conditions that must be interpreted by the pedestrian.
At midblock locations, where vehicle speeds are high, signalization may be the only practical means of helping pedestrians to cross unless as part of a signal coordination scheme. At high speeds and with infrequent signal calls, high numbers of rear–end crashes can be anticipated. It is best not to allow urban area roadways to achieve high corridor speeds. This is especially true in areas where land use supports higher densities. The higher the speed, the greater the engineering challenge to cross pedestrians safely.
If a pedestrian crossing is needed in such a location, the designer must increase the devices used to alert the motorist. The standard pedestrian crossing and advanced crossing symbols with signs measuring 91 by 66 cm (36 by 26 in) are an absolute minimum for speeds of 64.4 km/h (40 mi/h) or greater. Pavement word symbols can be used as further enhancements. An enhanced crosswalk marking such as a zebra– or ladder–style crossing should be considered. Large overhead signs, flashing beacons, bulb–outs (see figure 12–6), and even flashing overhead signs have been successfully used in some locations.
Figure 12–6. Illustration. Midblock crossing curb extensions provide better visibility for motorists and pedestrians.
12.7 Midblock Crossing Design
The design of midblock crossings makes use of warrants similar to those used for standard intersections. Stopping sight distances, effects of grade, cross slope, the need for lighting, and other factors all apply. The design considerations for medians are covered earlier in this lesson. However, there are a number of added guidelines that must be followed.
Connect Desire Lines
All other factors considered, pedestrians and bicyclists have a strong desire to continue their intended path of travel. Look for natural or existing patterns. Use of a high–angle, time–lapse video camera to map pedestrian crossings quickly paints this location, if it is not already well known.
Motorists need to see both the pedestrians who stand waiting to cross and those who are already crossing. Either direct or back lighting is effective. Some overhead signs such as in Portland, OR, and Seattle, WA, use overhead lights that identify the pedestrian crossing and also shine down on the actual crosswalk.
Grade–separated crossings at midblock or intersection locations are effective in a few isolated circumstances (see section 12.11 for a further discussion of grade–separated crossings). However, because of their cost and their potentially low use, engineering studies should be conducted by experienced designers. If given a choice, on most roadways, pedestrians generally prefer to cross at grade.
12.8 Staggered Midblock Crosswalks
Staggered crosswalks (or Z–crossings) are treatments in which the crosswalk is split by a median and is offset on either side of the median. This configuration forces pedestrians to turn in the median and face oncoming traffic before turning again to cross the second half of the crosswalk. Notice in figure 12–7 how, in either walking direction, the pedestrian must turn slightly toward traffic before crossing. In order to curtail shortcutting and force pedestrians to follow the intended path, some medians may also have attractive fencing to corral pedestrians in the correct direction (see figure 12–8). One problem with staggered crosswalks is that they may present a challenge for visually impaired pedestrians who are thrown off course by changes in the direction of the walkway leading to the road. A solution is to provide detectable warnings and/or railings to help realign the pedestrian perpendicularly to the roadway just before the crossing.
Figure 12–7. Illustration. Diagram of a staggered crossing configuration.
Source: Southeast Neighborhood Traffic Management Plan(2)
Figure 12–8. Photo. Staggered crosswalk with fencing.
Source: PBIC Image Library, http://www.pedbikeimages.org(3)
12.9 Midblock Crossing and Detection Technology
Midblock crossings can be enhanced and made safer by the installation of some of the same crossing and detection technology found at intersections and other walkway locations. Refer to these previous sections for a discussion of these technologies:
Pavement markings and signing (lessons 10.4–10.8).
In–pavement flashers (lesson 10.9, "ITS Technology").
Automated detection devices (lesson 10.9, "ITS Technology").
Street lighting (lesson 9.5, "Ambience, Shade, and Other Sidewalk Enhancements").
Pavement surfaces and detectable warning (lesson 9.3, "Basic Sidewalk Elements").
Other crossing technologies (lesson 11.5, "Crossing and Detection Technology").
12.10 Midblock Signals
The placement of midblock signals is called for in some locations. The warrants provided in the MUTCD should be followed. But even more caution must be provided for signalized midblock locations. Pedestrians feel frustrated if a signal is holding them back from crossing when there is an ample gap. Many will choose to cross away from the crossing, while others will dutifully push the activator button, not get an immediate response, and cross when there is a sufficient gap. A few seconds later, the approaching motorists must stop at a red signal for no reason, which can encourage motorist disrespect for the signal in the future.
Thus, the best signal setup for a midblock crossing is a hot (nearly immediate) response. As soon as the pedestrian call actuator button is pushed, the clearance interval should be activated. This minimal wait time is a strong inducement for pedestrians to walk out of their way to use the crossing. Hot responses can often be used if the nearby signals are not on progression, or else a hot response may be permitted in off–peak hours. Midblock signals should be part of a coordinated system to reduce the likelihood of rear–end crashes and double cycles (i.e., two pedestrian cycles per one vehicle cycle at intersections to reduce pedestrian delay).
If a midblock signal system is used, it is important to place pedestrian pushbuttons in the median. There will be times when some pedestrians start too late or when older pedestrians lack time to cross, even at 0.9 m/s (3 ft/s). In these rare instances, the pedestrian needs to reactivate the signal.
12.11 Grade–Separated Crossings
According to the North Carolina DOT (NCDOT) Bicycle Facilities Guide, a grade–separated crossing "provides continuity of a bicycle/pedestrian facility over or under a barrier."(4)
A grade–separated crossing such as a bridge/overpass or a culvert/underpass should be considered when a pedestrian facility meets a barrier like an active multitrack railroad, stream, or freeway (see figure 12–9).
Figure 12–9. Photo. An underpass continues this shared–use bicycle path beneath a four–lane highway with high traffic volume.
Source: Bicycle Facilities Guide: Types of Bicycle Accommodations(4)
Some principal planning concerns with grade–separated crossings are:
This type of facility can be expensive and difficult to implement. For these reasons, advance planning, identification of a source of funds, and a compelling purpose and need are primary factors in obtaining approval for construction of bicycle/pedestrian bridges or underpasses.
Bicycle/pedestrian grade separations to be included in State highway construction projects should already be identified in locally adopted bicycle or greenway master plans by the time a proposed highway improvement is in the early stages of development.
Many bicyclists and pedestrians will not use an overpass that is inconvenient. Instead, pedestrians may choose a time–saving and sometimes more hazardous crossing. Fencing or other controls may be required to reinforce the safe crossing point.
Grade crossings must be accessible; ramps, handrails, landings, etc., must be provided so the facility is accessible to all.
For a grade–separated crossing to be warranted, some of the following circumstances should be present:
High pedestrian volumes at the location and a high demand to cross.
A large number of young children who must regularly cross (particularly at locations near schools).
High volumes of motor vehicles traveling at high speeds along the roadway.
No convenient alternative crossing places nearby.
Funding and a specific need for the overpass/underpass.
An extreme hazard for pedestrians.
Section 7F.02 of the MUTCD states that "experience has shown that overpasses are more satisfactory than underpasses for pedestrian crossings, as overpasses are easier to maintain and supervise."(5) When deciding on the use of an overpass or underpass, be aware of the need to provide artificial lighting to reduce potential crime. Also, pay attention to the existing topography of the proposed site to "minimize changes in elevation for users of overpasses and underpasses and to help insure construction costs are not excessive."(6)
12.12 Student Exercise
Choose an urban site that would be a good candidate for a midblock crossing with a pedestrian refuge island. Document the reasons that people often cross at this site (or would cross, given the opportunity). Photograph the site and prepare a sketch design solution.
12.13 References and Additional Resources
The references for this lesson are:
Florida Pedestrian Planning and Design Guidelines, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL, 1996, available online at http://www.dot.state.fl.us/Safety/ped_bike/handbooks_and_research/PEDHBTOC.PDF.
"Chapter 5: Neighborhood Street Design Guidelines," Southeast Neighborhood Traffic Management Plan (NTMP), City of Vancouver, WA, 2003, available online at http://www.ci.vancouver.wa.us/transportation/ntmp/NTMTools/TOOL%2012%20–%20Mid–Block%20Crossing%20for%20Arterial%20Streets.pdf, accessed May 18, 2004.
Image Library, PBIC, available online at http://www.pedbikeimages.org, accessed May 6, 2004.
Bicycle Facilities Guide: Types of Bicycle Accommodations, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh, NC, June 2003, available online at http://www.ncdot.org/transit/bicycle/projects/project_types/Grade_Separated_Crossing.pdf, accessed April 21, 2004.
MUTCD, FHWA, Washington, DC, 2003, available online at http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov, accessed April 22, 2004.
"Grade Separation Worksheet," Kane County Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan: Appendix J, Kane County Division of Transportation, Geneva, IL, January 2003, available online at http://www.co.kane.il.us/DOT/COM/Bicycle/outline.asp, accessed April 21, 2004.
Additional resources for this lesson include:
Design and Safety of Pedestrian Facilities—A Recommended Practice of ITE, ITE, Washington, DC1998.
Oregon Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan, Oregon Department of Transportation, Salem, OR, 1995.
FHWA-HRT-05-107
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Page Owner: Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Office of Safety, RDT
Keywords: Bicycling, walking, cyclists, pedestrians, bicycle facilities, pedestrian areas, planning and design, traffic calming
Scheduled Update: Archive - No Update needed
This page last modified on 03/08/2016
Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center | 6300 Georgetown Pike | McLean, VA | 22101


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Beautifully design Babylicious Pink Solar Slice Natural Stone Pendant Set in brass.


Bifidobacterium longum and lactulose suppress azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats.
Challa A1, Rao DR, Chawan CB, Shackelford L.
Department of Food Science and Animal Industries, Alabama A&M University, Normal 35762, USA.
Bifidobacterium longum has been shown to afford protection against colon tumorigenesis. Lactulose, a keto analog of lactose, serves as a substrate for preferential growth of Bifidobacterium. It is not known whether feeding lactulose along with B. longum will have any advantage over feeding of B. longum alone. To test this combination effect, 61 male Fisher 344 weanling rats were divided into four groups of 15 rats each (16 in the control group) and assigned to one of the following four diets for 13 weeks: (i) AIN76A (control, C); (ii) C + 0.5% B. longum (C+Bl, containing 1 x 10(8) viable cells/g feed); (iii) C + 2.5% lactulose (C+L); (iv) C + 0.5% B. longum + 2.5% lactulose (C+Bl+L). All animals received a s.c. injection of azoxymethane at 16 mg/kg body wt at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Colons of 10 rats from each dietary group were analyzed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF), which are preneoplastic markers. Colonic mucosa and livers from five rats were analyzed for glutathione S-transferase (GST, a Phase II enzyme marker). Results indicate that feeding of lactulose and B. longum singly and in combination reduces the number of ACF (P = 0.0001) and the total number of aberrant crypts significantly (P = 0.0005). The total number of ACF in diets C, C+Bl, C+L and C+Bl+L were 187 +/- 9, 143 +/- 9, 145 +/- 11 and 97 +/- 11 respectively. There was no significant difference in weight gain among treatments. Colonic mucosal GST levels were significantly (P = 0.05) higher in the Bl and L groups compared with group C. Initially there was a mild diarrhea in lactulose-fed rats. There was a positive correlation between higher cecal pH and number of ACF. Results of the study indicate that Bifidobacterium and lactulose exert an additive antitumorigenic effect in rat colon.


Once again Shep disappeared off to a mart. Just over the border into Scotland is Newcastleton, renowned for it's two day sale of blue grey cattle. Yup! you heard right - cattle, not sheep for once. Once again the offer of a lift was made and Shep took it up, I was grinning to myself that I keep turning up at marts with different fellas - they say variety is the spice of life!
Newcastleton Mart has long been a focal point for blue grey cattle sales, a trip down memory lane as in my youth, when first working, the boss and I used to sell cattle there and low and behold, the mart and sale still exist. Other sales we attended at Haltwhistle, Rothbury and Bellingham no longer exist but Newcastleton does!
I did attend the mart half a dozen years ago but since then there have been further changes, subtle and necessary changes. The pens have been rebuilt, wooden gates have been replaced by metal ones, but other than that there is little difference since many years ago when we would be selling cattle there. The mart still retains it's character.Quite a treat nowadays!
I've written in the past that I have a soft spot for the humble Galloway cow, a black, hairy, hardy beast which used to prolific in hill areas. The blue grey is a cross bred beast out of the Galloway, sire being a White Shorthorn. The end result being a hardy beast with less hair than the mother possesses, a good carcase animal which will cross well with continental breeds. It also tends to take on a grey look, which I guess is what you get when you cross black with white! There are a variety of colourations, with 'red' ones thrown on occasion also.
suckler calves in the ring being sold There are a range of ages of heifers on sale on the first day of the two day sale, there are ones such as these known as sucklers, weaned straight off their mothers and taken to be sold. These were off Ottercops and realised £460 each.
There are then bulling heifers such as the ones above from High Thorneyburn. These are mature, a year older than the suckler calves and old enough to go to the bull, hence the reason they are known as bulling heifers. The consigment from this particular farm averaged £1,027 a head. It is also possible to buy incalf heifers at the sale. Those which have been run with a bull and served, they have usually been 'scanned' and are guaranteed in calf.
Cattle penned up after they have been sold, as you can see, there is an odd 'red' one. Notice the numbered labels on their rumps, these are attached to the beast prior to going into the ring, quite literally stuck on with glue which eventually weathers off and causes no discomfort to the animal at all. The numbered labels give everyone a quick and easy reference as to the animal and who bought it. These cattle are now waiting to be loaded onto a wagon and head for their new homes where they will hopefully live and breed for a few years to come.
The day didn't quite go as planned, there were issues with cars, trying to be organised Shep waited patiently outside her cottage for the arranged lift to appear, not knowing they were trying to 'phone me to inform me they had broken down. There must be something in the air.......... Eventually all was sorted and I found myself able to return favours, come to the rescue and take my own car, which still looks clean and respectable due to the fact I have only had it for a week, my passengers didn't have cause to hold their noses during the journey!
I'll leave you with this shot of two Highland heifers which were the last cattle through the ring, I thought they looked cute, a bit of a teddy bear look about them. The second day of the sale is for bullocks (castrated male calves) which will also range from 6 - 18 months of age. Shep wont be in attendance, breeding sales are more interesting and work needs to be done.
No need to publish this comment. Sounds as is you've been busy and, have a new set of wheels. Hurrah!
A friend suggested that I let you know about my attempts at a blog.
Yours inspired me to give it a go!
sheep make a silly appearance.


Equities got off to a good start this morning, climbing to fresh record highs right off the bat, but have since squandered much of their opening gains. The S&P 500 and the Dow are currently up 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively, but held gains of 0.4% apiece at their best marks of the day. Meanwhile, the tech-heavy Nasdaq underperforms, showing a loss of 0.1%.
Only three of the S&P 500's eleven sectors hold losses this afternoon, however, the three laggards are relatively influential groups and have largely mitigated the gains of the eight advancers. The technology sector is the heaviest of the S&P 500's eleven groups and holds the widest decline in today's session, showing a loss of 0.3%.
Meanwhile, the health care and consumer discretionary sectors are down 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively. Health insurers are among the weakest health care components after President Trump tweeted that he will soon be signing an executive order on health care. Amazon (AMZN 983.95, -7.04) weighs on the consumer discretionary sector, due in part to Wal-Mart's (WMT 84.39, +3.85) latest announcement.
Wal-Mart is up 4.7%, hovering at its best level since February 2015, after forecasting that its U.S. online sales would rise by about 40.0% in the next fiscal year. Today's news was preceded by Monday's announcement that the big-box retailer is launching a simplified in-store return service for its customers--an attempt to leverage its brick-and-mortar locations as a competitive advantage.
In other corporate news, Procter & Gamble (PG 91.00, -1.12) shareholders voted against giving activist investor Nelson Peltz, who is seeking to reorganize P&G, a seat on the company's board. P&G shares were up 0.7% ahead of the announcement and now trade lower by 1.2%.
The consumer staples space (+0.8%), which houses both P&G and Wal-Mart, hovers with the utilities group (+0.9%) at the top of today's sector standings. The energy space is also trading comfortably ahead of the broader market, sporting a gain of 0.6%.
Energy stocks have benefited from an increase in the price of crude oil, which is up 2.9% at $51.00 per barrel following news that Saudi Arabia plans to cut its monthly exports in November by 7.0% compared with the same period last year.
In the bond market, U.S. Treasuries are higher across the curve, sending the benchmark 10-yr yield three basis points lower to 2.34%.
Investors did not receive any economic data of note on Tuesday.


The first INTEGRAL-OMC catalogue of optically variable sources.
OMC optical monitoring of sources in the 4th IBIS/ISGRI catalogue.
The second INTEGRAL AGN catalogue.
High energy sources monitored with OMC.
OMC-INTEGRAL: Optical Observations of X-Ray Sources.
Optically Variable Sources Monitored by the OMC.
Astronomy & Astrophisics 2003, Vol.411: Contents.
Reference frame and time standard used in INTEGRAL/OMC datasets.
OMC: An Optical Monitoring Camera for INTEGRAL - Instrument description and performance.
Optical design of the Optical Monitoring Camera (OMC) of INTEGRAL.
The CCD and readout electronics for the OMC instrument on INTEGRAL.
The Input Catalogue for the OMC camera onboard INTEGRAL.
The OMC Data Server: Contents and Functionalities.


Shade-grown 100% Arabica beans, certified USDA organic by the Texas Department of Agriculture. Cultivated by a cooperative of Maya Indian farmers in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico.
Please note: Most orders will be filled within 3 working days and at your doorstep 7 to 10 days after purchase. We use UPS Ground delivery for shipping.


text:
Top 5 Highest Paid CEOs In India 2022
Rinie Wilson
Indian executives are taking over leading enterprises globally. Their ascend has been witnessed by all after years of hard work and dedication.
Satya Nadella to Sundar Pichai, there have been a plethora of Indians who are now leading some of the biggest IT firms.
With position comes attractive pay. While International firms are known to compensate their CEOs handsomely, here are some of the highest-paid executives in India.
1. C Vijayakumar
Salary: ₹130 Crores
The highest-paid executive in India is C Vijayakumar, who is the chief executive officer and Managing Director of HCLTech. He received ₹123 crores in 2021, which included $2 million as base salary, $2 million in variable pay, $0.02 million as perquisites and other benefits, and a $12.50 million Long-term incentive.
2. Salil Parekh
Salary: ₹80 Crores
After taking over from interim CEO U B Pravin Rao on 2 January 2018, Salil Parekh is the current chief executive officer and managing director of Infosys.
In the financial year 2020-21, he received a remuneration of ₹71 lakhs which increased to around ₹80 crores upon the extension of his term for five more years.
3. C P Gurnani
C. P. Gurnani is the CEO & Managing Director of Tech Mahindra. In the form of salary, stock compensation benefits and post-employment benefits for 2021-2022, received a remuneration of ₹63.4 crores during that period.
4. S N Subrahmanyan
S N Subrahmanyan is the CEO & MD of Larsen & Toubro and serves on the board of directors of this multi-billion dollar conglomerate. Subrahmanyan received a salary of ₹61.27 crores in the Financial Year 2022 which was a 115 percent hike since the previous year.
5. Rajesh Gopinathan
Salary: ₹25.75 Crores
After serving as the Chief Financial Officer at Tata Consultancy Services for 4 years, Rajesh Gopinathan was elevated to the role of CEO of the company in 2017. Gopinathan received ₹25.75 crores as remuneration for the year 2021-22.
2022 List Of India's Richest Individuals, Biggest Philanthropists & Entrepreneurs
Top 10 Most Followed Individuals On Instagram
From Bob Iger To Steve Jobs, These Ex-CEOs Were Re-hired By Their Companies
Difference Between Outlets And Retail Stores

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Does OSHA prohibit personal radios?
There are no OSHA regulations related to the use of personal radios, except as it might relate to hearing safety in environments where ear protection must be used. Some state OSHA material discourages the use of earphones and earbuds in jobs where it is important for employees to be able to hear a variety of tones and sounds clearly.You may want to check with your state OSHA, since they are often more easily contacted with questions of this nature.
1. Radios without earbuds can disturb and distract others, even though those people might not speak up to complain. When other equipment is being used, the volume often must be turned up so loudly it is very distracting to others.
2. Rarely will everyone agree about what music should be heard and conflict results.
3. Work is not entertainment. Unless an employee was promised when he or she was hired, to be allowed to listen to a radio there is no reasonable expectation about it. Many jobs do not allow the use of radios and employees are able to function just fine.
4. When employees are listening to a radio with earphones or earbuds, they can't easily communicate with others…and often others feel they are interrupting to ask a question to try to get assistance. Work requires that all employees be able to hear others and communicate easily.
5. And the fifth reason, which I realize is not popular is this: The employer is paying the salary and can change or adjust work policies and rules as needed. The use of radios is one of those rules.Now, having said that….it might not be worth drawing a line in the dirt over radios. So, if using radios is a big benefit for employees, you'd want to think twice about stopping the perk. Maybe instead, you should find a way to stop the problems being caused by radios. That may relate to volume, the type of music, the availability of employees to hear and be heard and so forth. Sometimes employees can develop solutions, if it means they can continue using their radios. Our archives have quite a few letters about this issue, so perhaps you will find them useful. Best wishes, whatever your challenge is involving radios at work!


Accommodation with flower arrangement, exclusive linens, sparkling wine or fruit cocktail without alcohol, wedding mini cake, special amenities, breakfast served in the room and the bride gets a beautiful unique Gold Mines jewelry to remember this special moment.
Powered by emotion and curiosity, Ana uses photography as a way to meet, connect and tell the stories of different people. She is always searching to unravel the delicacy and beauty of small and important moments.


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Ring Camera From Amazon Facing Vulnerability, Lawsuit Claimed In the US
Ravali Reddy/ December 28, 2019 Internet News
Amazon.com and its Ring home security camera unit were sued by a homeowner from Alabama who said that the cameras are defectively designed, leaving purchasers exposed to cyberattacks.
On Thursday, a proposed class action was filed. John Baker Orange said that an unknown hacker had recently accessed his Ring camera while his children aged 7, 9, and 10, were playing basketball on the driveway. Through its speaker system, the hacker has prompted them to move closer to the camera.
Orange also said that in July, he paid $249 (around Rs. 17,800) for his camera. He continued that the cameras only work when connected to the internet, and are "fatally flawed" as they do not shield against cyberattacks. Despite Ring's promises of "smart security here, there, everywhere" and "peace of mind."
Ring's spokeswoman said the Santa Monica, California-based company did not discuss concerning legal matters.
The complaint registered in Los Angeles federal court investigates unspecified damages from Ring and Seattle-based Amazon and increased security for new and present Ring cameras as well.
It accompanied many reported incidents of hackers locating homes through Ring camera from Amazon, which includes when a man frequently calling an 8-year-old Mississippi girl a racial slur and alleged he was Santa Claus.
A lawyer for Orange, John Yanchunis, said in an interview "A company, which sells a device that is deemed to guard occupants of a home should not grow a platform for likely jeopardizing those occupants."
Amazon said that it acquired Ring in April 2018 for $839 million (approx Rs. 5,992 crores) in cash.
Orange, who lived in Jefferson County, Alabama, said he replaced his "medium-strong" password and started using two-factor authentication for his camera after discovering about the incident concerning his children.
Yanchunis said, "So many devices are secured to the Internet, and consumers simply do not have a consciousness of how that can be exploited so easily."
The case is Orange vs Ring LLC et al, U.S. District Court, Central District of California, No. 19-10899.
Tags:Amazon/ ring camera
Ravali Reddy
Ravali has been writing for over three years now. She defines herself as a stickler for detail and accuracy. Begun her career as a technical coordinator and shifted her career with a passion for writing. A cup of coffee with lots of conversation keeps her on!


Don't take things personally, people are only talking about themselves ~ HELLO, my name is Blog!
Most creative people have developed a hypersensitive relationship to the world.
And that's what allows them to do the work they do. Artists think and feel things that other people can't express for themselves. They can deliver something that their audience can't find on its own.
Unfortunately, that hypersensitivity results in artists taking everything personally. They overanalyze, ruminate and even become depressed and anxious over brief interpersonal interactions, wondering if their criticizer was onto something.
I once spent an entire summer beating myself up over a one line email from an angry reader. And I became trapped in an bitter, ruminative loop that left me awash in fury and resentment and made me feel irritable and on edge most of the time.
Don't take things personally, because people are only talking about themselves.
Most people are just projecting their autobiography onto others. Spewing their emotional bile onto whoever crosses their path.
And so, if we allow people's external criticism to trump our own belief in ourselves, the joke's on us. Because we'll grow so busy and stressed trying to absorb and neutralize everyone's feedback that we'll never get anything done.
Bikram famously reminds us that nothing can steal happiness and peace away from us. If someone makes us angry, we are the losers.
It's all about ownership. Refusing to give people you're not even invested in more power over you than they deserve or should be allowed to have.
Remember, hypersensitivity is an asset, but it's also a liability.
Learn when to exert it, and learn when to holster it.
Are you allowing the words and actions of others to define your reality?


Posted At: April 22, 2013 2:35 p.m.
A young blonde woman stares off in another direction, her clothes torn and her skin covered in gashes. Her surroundings reflect chaos and tragedy, the ground overtaken by puddles of blood and debris. This picture from the April 15 bombing at the Boston Marathon has become "iconic," according to the New York Daily News, and has appeared in papers all across the nation.
However, before publishing that picture, the Boston Globe photographer who shot it had to consider the following: Is it ethical?
In this case, the picture was deemed ethical and there was not a controversy surrounding it. But what about the other pictures from that day? Were they deemed unethical and not published? Or were they published and met with public outrage? Alabama Assistant Professor of Journalism Dr. Chris Roberts believes those are crucial questions journalists must think about when such situations arise.
The difficult ethical issues in journalism and other areas of communication are not black and white. According to Roberts, the controversial issues are an entirely different color.
"When we think about ethics and if we should or should not do something, we're thinking about a technicolor gray," Roberts said.
Roberts said that issues that are "black and white," such as plagiarism, are the easy ethical decisions for communicators. Journalists know that taking the words of others and claiming them as their own is wrong. However, the ethical dilemmas that journalists struggle with go far beyond right and wrong.
Social media has grown drastically in its usage over the past several years and has transformed into a source for breaking news. Roberts said that the increasing prevalence of social media has sometimes allowed ethics to battle with breaking a story as quickly as possible.
Because communicators primarily use Facebook and Twitter to break news to the public, this use has created a public expectation of up-to-the-minute news. People constantly want to know what is going on, especially in the midst of a tragedy or major event, and Roberts said it has led journalists to work much faster.
"When I was a newspaper guy, I would go to a meeting at 10 in the morning and the paper wouldn't publish until the next afternoon – literally 24 hours after the meeting started," Roberts said. "Now, reporters are at that meeting and they're sending blog updates and sending tweets as it is live.
The hastening of decision-making in order to "break a story" first can lead to inaccurate information, which may cause rumors to spread. However, sometimes it is necessary to take a risk in the publication of certain information. Sue Hale, who serves as the media consultant for Ethics and Excellence in Journalism Foundation, said that sometimes the news media are forced to report findings that they're not certain are 100 percent accurate.
Hale went on to explain that although publishing any available information in a crisis situation is important, journalists still need to be wary. On April 17, several major news outlets reported that police had arrested a suspect in the Boston bombings. This statement turned out to be false, causing an uproar on social media.
Journalists do have a duty to report facts that the public has a right to know as accurately as possible – however, where is the line of being a good journalist and being unethical? Roberts is not sure.
He cites Doing Ethics in Media, a textbook co-written by himself and Jay Black, as a explanation of how communicators can make an ethical decision.
"What we try to do is help you try to work your way through the process of figuring out what the real ethical issue is," said Roberts.
• Why not follow the rules?
• Who wins, who loses?
• Who's whispering in your ear?
• How's your decision going to look?
The third question, "Who wins, who loses?" is one of the primary questions that PR practitioners should ask themselves, according to Roberts. It deals with loyalty and to whom the communicator is loyal in his practices.
"If you're a public relations practitioner, you say you're loyal to your client, but when it boils down to gravy, are you really loyal to the person who's paying your bill or are you loyal to the public?" Roberts asked.
Journalists may also struggle with this question when considering whether or not to publish information of public importance that has been labeled as "off-the-record." Do they publish the information that they feel the public has a right to know and "burn" their source? Or do they remain loyal to their source and keep the information to themselves?
One of the other questions that Roberts answers in his book is "What's it worth?". Roberts said that this question focuses primarily on values and what the communicator's highest priorities are.
For Hale, integrity and honesty are values that she considers to be the most important for a journalist.
Remembering one's values in the field of communication is crucial because if a journalist makes a mistake, the world knows about it.
Previous Article Prescription for Disaster?
A very good read. I was just having a conversation with a friend yesterday about these exact ethical issues that journalists face during times of tragedy. This 24-hour news cycle that we have now is sort of a double edge sword. On one hand, it helped because everyone could load their videos and pictures onto the web and instantly FBI and police could sort through it for evidence, but on the other hand they have 24 hours of material to come up with. This can lead to them just spouting off any information they have received, whether its a rumor or not. There is only so much these reporters and journalists can talk about and when they have to report live and fill up so much space, unethical decisions are bound to happen.


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Intoxicating Liquor Act, 1962
1.—(1) In this Act, save where the context otherwise requires—
"the Act of 1833" means the Licensing (Ireland) Act, 1833 ;
"the Act of 1910" means the Finance (1909-10) Act, 1910 ;
"the Act of 1924" means the Intoxicating Liquor (General) Act, 1924 ;
"the Act of 1927" means the Intoxicating Liquor Act, 1927 ;
"the Act of 1943" means the Intoxicating Liquor Act, 1943;
"annual licensing district court" means the sitting of the District Court held pursuant to rules of court in a licensing area for the hearing of applications for certificates for renewals of licences for the sale of intoxicating liquor;
"Court area" means a District Court area prescribed by law for the purposes of the transaction of licensing business;
"licence" means a licence for the sale of intoxicating liquor for the grant of which the production of a certificate of the District Court or the Circuit Court, as the case may be, is required, or a licence granted under section 18 of this Act, and cognate words shall be construed accordingly;
"the Licensing Acts" means the Licensing Acts, 1833 to 1960;
"period of summer time" means a period appointed by or under the Summer Time Act, 1925 , to be a period of summer time;
"prohibited hours" has the meaning assigned to it by section 2 of the Act of 1927;
"the Registration of Clubs Acts" means the Registration of Clubs Acts 1904 to 1960;
"seven-day licence" means a licence referred to in section 11 of the Act of 1927 as a seven-day licence;
"six-day licence" has the meaning assigned to it by section 8 of the Act of 1927;
"Sunday" does not include a Sunday that is Christmas Day.
(2) References in this Act to any enactment shall, save where the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to that enactment as amended by any subsequent enactment including this Act.


Bitcoins are taking over the crypto-currency marketplace and are one of the best ways to preserve one's privacy. They're now the largest and most well-known digital currency. As one of the leading private label email providers, we are happy to launch our support for bitcoin payments (in beta).
Users can use bitcoins for payment of premium plans on different public sites www.email.fr, www.mail.be, www.mailfence.com and www.contactoffice.com. In line with our philosophy of giving full control and ease of use to the user, we also offer to pay with credit card or Paypal.
Interested in discovering one of our premium plans? Log into your account. Click on your name at the top right of the screen and click on 'Subscriptions'. You'll discover the different plans. Select the subscription of your choice and click on the Bitcoin icon at the bottom right. Click on Next and you'll discover the following screen with bitcoin payment instructions.


This is the perfect season for enjoying your backyard fire pit. The weather in Atlanta is cool enough to don heavy sweaters and huddle close to family and friends. Whether you fire pit is gas, propane or wood burning, grab some good food, good music and good people to enjoy the autumn weather.
Go camping in your own backyard!
Grab some sleeping bags or a pup-tent, stay up and tell ghost stories and then sleep under the stars with the warmth of the firepit to keep you cozy.
Have a post-Halloween costume party.
After all the candy is collected gather around the firepit and have each guest strut their stuff in their Halloween costume. String orange fairy lights to add to the ambiance. Winners get a special bag of sugary treats. A few scary stories and some hot cocoa will add to the festivities.
Paver patios of stone and brick are a smart choice for anyone designing an outdoor living space for a variety of reasons: there are countless design options, they will last for years of installed correctly and are relatively inexpensive. StoneAge Stonescapes offers a multitude of material selections to complement your home's style landscaping . Whether you desire a simple driveway or a multi-tiered patio with intricate hardscaping, we can provide your Atlanta area home or business with the finest pavers and patios in Georgia.
So many materials to choose from!
And we can work with you to landscape your surrounding property for a complete exterior renovation.
What can you expect from StoneAge?
Only hand-selected premium natural stone.
Considering new or updated pavers for your home? They are a great option for your patio, entrance or driveway. Pavers are durable, slip resistant and may simulate the look of natural stone. The colors, textures, shapes and their combinations can provide a limitless choice to complement any home and landscape.
Concrete pavers are a terrific choice for driveways. Not only are they visually appealing, but the individual pavers can be replaced easily if repairs are ever necessary. Properly installed by Atlanta's StoneAge Stone and Landscaping Contracting professionals, they will not shift, crack or settle under normal vehicle traffic.
The beauty of Stone Masonry is the ability to extend an already existing patio seamlessly. A client of ours in Suwanee Georgia recently came back to us with a request to add an in-ground Spool (Spa and Pool combination) and patio extension to their stone patio that StoneAge installed three years ago. Our team worked with the Spool installers to create an extended patio around the in-ground Spool adorned by an exquisite waterfall. Now the homeowners have the opportunity to use this new Spool during the hot Atlanta days to cool down or warm up and relax in the spa from fall to spring.
The latest craze in home improvement involves the addition of an outdoor living area, complete with top-notch landscape components such as specimen trees, perennial beds, retaining walls and more. There are several key components that are typically required in today's backyard renovation and others that your lifestyle simply can't do without. Some of the items that you should consider incorporating into your backyard are outdoor fireplaces, an outdoor kitchen or even water-features like a pond or a pond-less waterfall. There are many plants, trees and shrubs that are drought tolerant and perfect for the Georgia climate. Many of these specimens will add a great deal of color, fragrance, shade and overall interest to your outdoor living space that you simply can not achieve with hardscapes alone.
Are you in the mood for some 5 star outdoor cooking in your own back yard? Simple plan - Invite all of your good buddies over maybe a dame… cook this in your Stoneage Outdoor Kitchen and prepare for a meal that will leave everyone breathless.
We found this awesome recipe for baking focaccia in a wood fired oven in a Forno Bravo newsletter. We tried it and it was awesome! I thought I would pass on the love to our wonderful customers.
Since the Middle Ages the wood burning oven has been used to bake bread and other foods. Its origin is unknown but leads us back to the origin of bread. The only way to bake bread was in a wood burning Brick Oven.
Not only were they used for breads but also to cook pizza, roast meats, pastries and cakes. The wood burning oven gives food a wholesome flavor that cannot be achieved with other types of cooking. The Wood Burning Brick Oven has been discovered in the excavations of almost every ancient civilization taking several shapes and forms. The modern form of the brick oven originated in ancient Rome. The wood burning brick ovens excavated in ancient Pompeii were discovered in excellent shape and capable of cooking with only minor repairs.
Ancient wood-fired ovens have been discovered throughout Europe, with little variation from the original Roman round, domed oven compartment and front vent design.
In Italy, the ovens were owned by individual families and were smaller -- which is the foundation for Italy's modern pizza oven industry. Round ovens built from brick, and even local stone, have been built in Italy seemingly forever. Practically every Tuscan farmhouse has, or had, an original brick or stone oven. Historically, many European communities relied on large, communal wood-fired ovens as their source for daily cooking needs. The entire village would share the ovens on a rotating schedule often starting the day with breads before moving on to roasted meats and vegetables. During World War II many of these large, communal ovens in Italian villages were destroyed. Soon thereafter, the Italian government commissioned an Oven designer to create an oven that would meet the country's urgent need for replacement ovens. With the objective to design a smaller, prefabricated oven allowing for quick assembly and faster heating times. The solution was to produce a family size wood-burning oven. These newly designed ovens were far more fuel efficient and had great heat retention allowing individual families to afford their own ovens. Soon the wood-burning oven became the Heart and Soul of Italian Family Life. This new appliance brought significant social changes and newly found independence for families regarding cooking techniques, prized family recipes and has helped foster the regional specialties that are celebrated today.


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Galaxy hope steady play continues on the road…
Galaxy hope steady play continues on the road vs. Timbers
The Galaxy, coming off a 4-2 U.S. Open Cup quarterfinal victory over Seattle in part because of a goal by Alan Gordon, above, hope to continue their success in Portland. (Ed Crisostomo/Staff Photographer)
The road woes for the Galaxy in recent years aren't a secret to anyone in Major League Soccer.
With their 1-0 victory in Seattle earlier this month, the Galaxy equaled their total of two road victories from last year.
"You're only as good as your last game," Robbie Keane said Thursday. "We're a good team. Look, playing away from home is always difficult especially when you're playing on turf that you're not used to, but I think we're in good form in the moment and we're quite capable of going there and getting three points."
The Galaxy begin the week in third place in the Western Conference (32 points) and are currently on a five-game unbeaten streak in league play, including three consecutive victories.
In that span, the Galaxy have played two road games and come away from them with four of a possible six points. A 90th-minute goal by San Jose's Chad Barrett forced a 1-1 draw last month.
The next road challenge will be Saturday in Portland against the Timbers (7-6-8), who are unbeaten in their previous nine games.
Life on the road in Major League Soccer isn't easy. Entering this week, only New York City FC is over .500 on the road. Out of the remaining 19 clubs, only FC Dallas has more than three victories on the road.
The Galaxy are 2-3-4 on the road. In the tight Western Conference race, with four points separating third place from seventh, points on the road will be crucial as teams start making their push for playoff positioning.
"It is only going to turn around if we make it," Keane said. "It is up to us, really. We have the players on the team that can beat anybody, so it is up to us. I think our mentality has to change on the road, which I hope is starting to do now because we're capable of playing anybody away and winning the game. There's no question about that."
The forward tandem of Fanendo Adi (10 goals) and Diego Valeri (nine) will be a great test for a Galaxy defense that has been one of the key reasons why the club has rebounded from a seven-game winless streak.
Portland, which is 7-2-2 at home, defeated Seattle 3-1 last week.
"Road wins are always important," Galaxy midfielder Jeff Larentowicz said. "I think it takes something different than it does at home. The Seattle win was huge because I think we stuck together and defended as a team. You saw the next week Seattle can put up some goals (five against FC Dallas), so I thought we did a good job and parts of that is what you need to do on the road.
"They're a really talented team and if you take the crowd out of it, they're a talented team, but the crowd adds a little something extra for them. It is a difficult game, not unlike the Seattle game, but I think we're getting an idea of what it takes to win on the road and if we can continue to do that, we will be OK."
The Galaxy will also be on the road next week — July 31 at Seattle.
L.A. GALAXY at PORTLAND TIMBERS
Kickoff: 12:30 p.m.
TV/Radio: ESPN
Update: This is the teams' first league meeting since April 10. The game ended in a 1-1 draw, but was marred by Nigel de Jong's tackle on Darlington Nagbe that eventually resulted in a three-game suspension for the Galaxy midfielder. The teams met last month in the U.S. Open Cup, with the Galaxy winning 1-0. Portland began the week in sixth place in the Western Conference with 29 points. The status for Ashley Cole and Steven Gerrard were unclear as the Galaxy ended training this week. Cole returned to training this week after missing three games with a hamstring injury. Gerrard suffered an injury in Friday's 1-0 victory over Houston. Galaxy coach Bruce Arena said Thursday that Gerrard was "getting better." Portland is 4-0-5 in its last nine games.
New e-bikes make ride around Diamond Valley Lake easier


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Report: Legislation Could Stop Chinese Censorship
CIO	 Aug 10, 2006 8:00 am PDT
A human rights watchdog urged governments in the United States and Europe to adopt new legislation that would prevent Internet companies from censoring their content or keeping records of users' online behavior in China, the group said in a report released on Thursday.
Human Rights Watch suggested that governments pass legislation forbidding companies from storing user data in countries where there is a strong record of punishing people for exercising basic rights like freedom of expression. New laws should also prohibit companies from complying with undocumented requests for censorship, the group said.
If these laws and others are enacted, all companies will operate according to the same standards, according to the group. Otherwise, it said, all of them will essentially end up operating to the standard set by the company most eager to please the Chinese government.
Human Rights Watch also criticized the powerhouses of the online world including Yahoo, Google, Microsoft and Skype for unnecessarily complying with requests from the Chinese government to censor their content and reveal information about Chinese Internet users. The group argues that most Internet companies don't try to resist demands from the Chinese government and that they should comply with censorship requests only if such requests are made through legally binding and documented procedures.
Human Rights Watch suggested other new laws that might help cut back on censorship in China, including one that requires companies to note on their websites when a government has forced them to censor data.
The Internet companies have been criticized already for their actions in China, including in a recent report by Amnesty International. At the time, Yahoo and Microsoft defended their policies by saying that they must comply with local laws. Yahoo said it believes that offering even a limited presence in a country can make a bigger difference than having no presence in the country at all.
In reaction to the Amnesty report, Google said that its service expands the access to information in China and that it doesn't offer services such as blogging or e-mail in China because it can't guarantee the privacy of customers.
-Nancy Gohring, IDG News Service (Dublin Bureau)


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Aug22 Blinded by the Light 114 mins
In Bend it Like Beckham director Gurinder Chadha's joyful celebration of Bruce Springsteen's music, discovering The Boss radically changes one British-Pakistani teenager's life.
In 1987 Luton, Javed (Viveik Kalra) wants nothing more than to escape the dreary town, its racism and lack of opportunity. Though Javed is drawn to music and writing, his domineering father expects him to pursue a sensible career to bring money into the struggling household. When Javed comes across the music of Springsteen, he finds that the working-class poet speaks directly to his situation and his life – and inspires him to push forward and pursue his dreams. Based on The Guardian journalist Sarfraz Manzoor's memoir, Greetings from Bury Park – and made with Springsteen's blessing and full access to his catalogue (richly represented here with a number of iconic hits) – BLINDED BY THE LIGHT is an uplifting testament to the power of art to change lives.
Starts Thu 22 Aug at:
Jessie Buckley, Sophie Okonedo, and Julie Walters star in this inspiring comedy-drama about a would-be country singer who dreams of leaving her ... more


text:
Palmarès

Giocatore

Club

Competizioni interregionali

BFC Dynamo: 1991-1992 (Girone Nord)

Competizioni nazionali

BFC Dynamo: 1980-1981, 1981-1982, 1982-1983, 1983-1984, 1984-1985, 1985-1986, 1986-1987, 1987-1988

BFC Dynamo: 1987-1988, 1988-1989

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Calciatori tedeschi orientali
Calciatori della Nazionale tedesca orientale

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Evelyn Project
by: Kfir Luzzatto
If the present can change the past, what will happen to us if we make a mistake? Well, you are about to find out.
Fiction / Mystery & Detective / SupernaturalYoung Adult Fiction / Science Fiction / Time Travel
Amazon Kindle Amazon Print Audible Apple Books Barnes & Noble Google Play Kobo Smashwords
Evelyn is too young to die, but tuberculosis is consuming her and time is running out for her . . . in 1894. But can Franco, Evelyn's young relative who lives more than a century away in 2009, really be her savior?
When Franco becomes a piece in the game that has saving Evelyn as its prize, his life would be complicated enough without Eva, the young and beautiful aspiring actress with whom he falls in love. Eva returns Franco's love, or so he believes, but who Eva really is, and what she's up to, is difficult to say when you're busy running away from murder and conspiracy.
The race to save Evelyn is run in a slippery battlefield between the Vatican and a dangerous cult. While Franco and Eva chase and are chased all over Europe, they discover that in this game all is fair, just like in love.


CurlyBlondeBabe TEXASandFLOYD livejasmin. IvyJules. EvangeAngel. EllaHotSquirt.
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It's safe to say that homegrown midfielder Gianluca Busio is ahead of the curve. The talented U.S. youth international became the second-youngest player in MLS history last August when he signed with Sporting Kansas City at age 15. Fast-forward to now, and the 16-year-old Busio already has a first-team match under his belt. He helped Sporting KC to a 2-0 win over Real Salt Lake in the U.S. Open Cup earlier this month and will aim to make further contributions to the first team as the 2018 campaign resumes.
In the newest edition of "Anything But," SportingKC.com chatted with the Sporting KC Academy product about his life off the field, where he only recently became a legal driver.


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Building Russia's online future
« Press Releases
Fast Lane Ventures sells Shopping Live business to Home Shopping Europe
Fast Lane Ventures, the leading Russian developer of internet companies, has agreed to sell its stake in Shopping Live business to German based Group – Home Shopping Europe.
Shopping Live is a Russian online teleshopping company providing a convenient and accessible shopping solution. The website broadcasts short and entertaining live videos to showcase the products for purchase. Shopping Live was launched a year ago and has showed excellent results, recently winning first prize at the Russian "Big Digit" TV awards in the category 'Best Russian Teleshopping Channel'.
Fast Lane Ventures CEO Marina Treshchova said Shopping Live was one of the first of its portfolio companies launched and was a very successful investment both in terms of profitability and also demonstrating Fast Lane Ventures's unique ability to achieve rapid growth.
"The key audience of Shopping Live is dedicated to television, and its "live shopping" format appeals more to television viewers rather than internet users. Therefore, the company needed an experienced partner with strong expertise in television to continue to develop the business further and take it to the next level. We are glad that such partner has appeared and I am sure Shopping Live will continue to be successful under the control of a strong partner like Home Shopping Europe. Shopping Live was a very profitable project, as we had invested relatively small seed money and received a very good return on the investment," - added Mrs. Treshchova.
Shopping Live first went on air in July 2011 and now has 60 employees. It is currently the only 24-hour shopping channel that broadcasts part of its program live (up to five hours each day).
"Within a short time, the highly dedicated and international management team started successfully a competitive shopping channel that even offers a live program. Now, the goal is to expand the reach and product offer of Shopping Live further to differentiate it from other providers clearly," said Dr Konrad Hilbers, Chairman of Home Shopping Europe.
"With our live shopping concept, we were able to establish ourselves swiftly as important player in the market. With Home Shopping Europe having already joined our Advisory Board in November 2011, we found the right strategic partner to increase sales and market share even more quickly," says Ilya Kirik, CEO Shopping Live. "We are already benefiting from the cooperative knowledge transfer and process optimization over the past months. We want to continue to raise the bar in Russian teleshopping – in terms of product selection, presentation and customer service to become number 1 in the Russian teleshopping market."
The start-up TV channel reaches currently 7.5 million of the 53 million Russian TV households via satellite and cable. It is intended to expand this coverage with the cooperation of satellite and cable network operators even further in the near future.
The sale, for an undisclosed price, represents the second successful exit for Fast Lane Ventures who sold Sapato.ru, Russia's principal online shoe and accessories retailer, to Russian online store OZON Group in February, 2012.
About Home Shopping Europe
As a modern mail-order company, Home Shopping Europe is involved in all the relevant media platforms. From TV and online to mobiles and tablets to video-on-demand and Hybrid-TV the broad multi-channel offer of HSE24 provides customers with maximum convenience while shopping. With this consumer-oriented, globally networked media diversity, HSE24 is a pioneer in smart shopping. HSE24 has been awarded several times for its excellent customer service and became member of "Club of the Best for Customer Services 2012". Additionally HSE24 has received best notes from Service Rating, "Service-Champions", as well as from TÜV Saarland. In 2009 HSE24 also received an award for Germany's most customer-oriented service. Since its founding in 1995, HSE24 has been on a continuous growth path. Fiscal year 2011 ended with a net turnover of € 470 million (+ 7 % compared to the previous year) and a significant increase in profits. Since 2010, the investment company AXA Private Equity has been majority owner of Home Shopping Europe.
Ivan Zhdakaev
Headquarter:
Gr. Xenopoulou 17, P.C. 3106 Limassol, Cyprus
Moscow Representative Office:
5,bld. 3, Suschevsky Val str.,


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Climate and Development Knowledge Network
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SREX: Lessons for Latin America & the Caribbean
The Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) was commissioned by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in response to a recognised need to provide specific advice on climate change, extreme weather and climate events ('climate extremes'). The SREX report was written over two and a half years, compiled by 220 expert authors, 19 review editors and takes account of almost 19,000 comments. It went through three rigorous drafting processes with expert and government review. The findings were approved by the world's governments following a four-day meeting, where the Summary for Policy Makers was agreed. It thus provides the most complete scientific assessment available to date and describes the immediate and long-term action required to manage the risks we face. It comprises of a policy summary released in November 2011 and a full report released in March 2012 (available online at here).
This brief, SREX: Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean, summarises the key findings of the report relevant to Latin American and the Caribbean. It draws exclusively on material from SREX. It includes an assessment of the science and the implications for society and sustainable development. It is intended to be useful for policy-makers, decision takers and planners, locally, nationally and regionally. In recognition that these readers will have many competing calls on both their time and budgets, this brief seeks to highlight key findings and learning from SREX. It makes suggestions for immediate action to avoid further damage from climate extremes and to build a more resilient future.
This guide is also available in Spanish and Portuguese.
Author(s): Catherine Cameron, Gemma Norrington-Davies, Dr. Victoria te Velde and Dr. Tom Mitchell
Organisation(s): Agulhas: Applied Knowledge, Overseas Development Institute
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More cats. I produced this piece 20 years ago. It's about a crazy cat that I found in a warehouse I renovated in 1985. I convinced my good friend Greg Contestable to rent with me. It was on Haskell Ave. near Dallas' Fair Park. We convinced the building owner, which was hard to find, to rent the 500 square foot box to us for $290 a month. We'd renovate it with a small bath, kitchen area and A/C. Each of us had to come up with $145 a month for rent. And I remember being worried about the expense. Wow, that sure makes my mortgage now seem like a lot of money.
The owner agreed and Greg and I recruited some friends that did construction work and did our part. We created a loft area for one person and a room under it for the other. Then walls for a small bath, and mini walk in shower. For a kitchen all we needed was refrigerator, microwave and a counter with a sink. We're done.
Excited about our new loft in scary South Dallas, we moved in. At that age I just couldn't get enough thrill. Thinking back it really was a scary area. So after we settled my brother came to visit me in the hood. He showed up with some beers and we hung out for a few hours. When he decided to leave we walked out to his van and there was someone in it rummaging through it. The thief freaked out and grabbed a screw and charged us to get out of the van. Once out he ran down the road. And instead of letting him go, I ran after him bare foot in a pair of shorts and no shirt. I must of ran 4 blocks before I decided chasing in bare feet wasn't a good idea, and returned back to the studio. My brother thought I was crazy, and looking back I probably was.
Then one night, I started hearing these crying, meowing, distressing sounds from inside the wall. I just tried to ignore them, but after losing sleep for three or four days I had to do something. So on the forth night just couldn't take it anymore. I cut the whole in the sheet rock wall and crawled through to inspect. It was a warehouse full of medical equipment, bed, stands, railings, etc. And sure enough the sound was definitely closer. Crawling over the equipment I started meowing and for every meow another responded. After a hour or so, I found a cat the size of a rat, dark in color, and so thin I thought about just letting it be. Surely it would live. I was very freaked out and certainly wouldn't let me pick it up with out biting me, and who knows if I'd get rabies from it. So I got some heavy gloves and with great effort final cornered it and snatched it up and wrapped it in a towel.
I brought it in the studio and by the time I got inside it started to slightly purr. If it was rescued, they'd give it a bath right? So that's what I did. It wasn't easy, and to my amazement, the cat was actually white, with a slightly yellow ringed tail and ears. So next was to feed it. So I ran up to the 7/11 and got a box of cat food. She ate and ate and ate. The next day I decide to take it to the veterinary clinic. They said it had a lung disease and would not live but a year or two. I figured it could hang with me for the time then.
Since she was born in the hood, I named her Home Squeeze. She wouldn't let anyone touch her but me. Basically, she hated all people. Don't know why, she just did. And the veterinary clinic was wrong. She ended up living more than ten years. She was known to bounce of the walls in some of most acrobatic moves I've ever seen a feline perform. So, with that in mind I created this painting of her going two directions at once. And I took liberty with the colors, at the time painting a white cat didn't appeal to me.
And just as she came into my life, when she was ten or so, was simple left the house and didn't return. I looked for her for months in my neighborhood, not far from the hood, but she never returned my call again.


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Evan Imber-black - A Family Therapist Uncovers the Cost of Keeping Silent
Evan Imber-black is a family therapist and the author of The Secret Life of Families: Making Decisions About Secrets: When Keeping Secrets Can Harm You, When Keeping Secrets Can Heal You-And How to Know the Difference (1999), and she is Director of the Center for Families and Health and a faculty member at the Ackerman Institute for the Family in New York City.
In this article for Nautilus, she discusses and provides examples of how family secrets can be so terribly destructive - any counselor who has ever worked with families in any depth can attest to the destructiveness of secrets.
Secrets That Won't Rest
A family therapist uncovers the cost of keeping silent
By Evan Imber-black
Photo by Christopher Anderson
As someone who has studied and practiced family therapy for 37 years, I am repeatedly struck by a secret's impact on a family. With the best intentions, parents often strive to protect a child from a shameful or painful event that happened in the past. But keeping a secret usually has the opposite effect. It can take a toll on bearers and their families for years, even generations.
One way a secret surfaces is via an "anniversary reaction," a physical or emotional response to a calendar date. A study of Hurricane Katrina survivors shows a rise in depression, headaches, and stomachaches every August, the month of the 2005 tragedy. When recognized in a supportive social context of family and community, these symptoms tend to be of short duration. But anniversary reactions stirred by private events last longer. Their origins are harder to uncover and explain, and portend long-held family secrets the keeper finds too traumatic to reveal.
We each carry an inner calendar, just at the edge of awareness. Anniversary reactions might be experienced by the secret bearer or another family member. Either way a secret exacts a steep price on family relationships and individual identity. But just as I have been struck by the damage done by secrets, I have been repeatedly struck by the healing power of exposing them. It's an insight that was impressed on me by two families in particular.
1. Carol
Several years ago, I worked with a family where the mother compulsively washed her hands several dozen times a day. I'll call her Carol to protect her real identity. In her early 70s, Carol was a healthy and energetic woman who refused to leave the house, except for doctor's visits. Her husband, Bill, complained of feeling like a prisoner. Grown children and grandchildren were exiled from her home. He and Carol had fruitless arguments centering on her hand washing. Her symptoms handicapped her life.
Carol's anxiety worsened every year in March and November, often resulting in brief hospitalizations. Although the family told me they didn't like outsiders, they paradoxically dragged their mother to one new professional after another. The Littletons' four children were competitive, each trying to be the one to find the answer to their mother's agony. The two months were spent intensely trying to resolve "mother's problems."
What, I wondered, could have happened in this family?
When Carol was finally able to speak, I learned of a secret anchored in deep shame. Carol became pregnant at 17. Her two oldest children—two daughters—were born prior to her legal marriage in 1950. She would later marry their father but in the meantime faced strong disapproval from her parents, who sent her away to deliver the baby, and her future in-laws, who sent her a note blaming Carol entirely for the situation. Carol did not reveal the letter to her husband till they arrived in therapy with me nearly 50 years later.
Despite going on to have a full life with her family, Carol felt compelled to keep the secret. She hid her wedding license in the bottom of an old trunk in the basement, and the date of her wedding was off limits in family conversation. Her pre-teen children found it, understood the meaning of the date, grasped the shame, and compounded the secrecy. The couple never celebrated their wedding anniversary because that would give away the fact that they were married fewer years than the age of their daughters. They didn't celebrate their daughters' birthdays in November and March. Instead of marking those milestones, this was the time Carol disintegrated emotionally.
When Carol finally shared her long-held secret, her grown children responded with care and compassion, affirming that they knew all that was hidden in plain sight. They had not connected their mother's biennial extreme anxiety to the secret. They identified their mother's compulsive hand washing as a problem but they had never connected it to her personal shame.
After I worked with Carol, I marveled that in hindsight, she suffered so much for doing something that is considered almost quaint today. Carol didn't wake up one morning and decide to create a secret. It formed based on the strong disapproval from her family, future in-laws and the wider culture. The code to unlocking family secrets is often the shame and humiliation felt by individuals and families when one's personal reality departs from wider social, cultural, and political contexts. Shame and secrecy live together in a tight circle—the more shame, the more secrecy; the more secrecy, the more shame.
2. Jaime
While a person harboring a secret often suffers emotional damage, so does a person from whom a secret is being kept. The latter was the case with my client, whom I'll call Jaime.1
Jaime was a promising 17-year-old high school senior—a scholar and an athlete—when he began hearing voices telling him to harm his stepmother, Anna. He was quickly hospitalized, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and put on anti-psychotic medication. At the same time, the family was told to enroll in therapy. We soon discovered that Jaime's "episode" coincided with the second anniversary of his beloved grandmother's death. No one in the family had made any connection between the anniversary and Jaime's behavior.
Jaime was raised from infancy by his grandmother in Mexico. The summer before her death, Jaime's father, Alberto, brought him to New York to be with him and his stepmother, keeping his grandmother's terminal cancer from him. "I didn't want to upset him. I just wanted to protect him and let him have a fun summer," his father explained. When his grandmother died that August, Jaime remained in New York.
No rituals in New York marked his grandmother's death, and because of immigration concerns, Jaime was not allowed to go to Mexico for her funeral. Conversations in the family about this relationship, perhaps the most important one for Jaime, were non-existent. The silence echoed the absence of any talk about his biological mother, as well as any story of his father and stepmother's migration, or his life with his grandmother. As in many families, secrets were multiple and linked one to another.
Jaime spoke little to his father and less to his stepmother. What was the mystery that would account for the "voices" telling him to harm Anna? And where was Jaime's biological mother? The story remained out of reach until his stepmother Anna revealed a secret she held. She told Jaime that while his grandmother loved him deeply, took very good care of him, and encouraged him to be an excellent student, she was not welcoming, and in fact mistreated, his real mother and her. With the best intentions, Jaime's father and Anna kept this a secret from him. When Anna had a daughter, the family migrated from Mexico to New York, leaving Jaime with his grandmother. Growing up, his grandmother told him terrible stories about his stepmother.
Multiple layers of secrecy and silence in all corners of this well-meaning family nearly created a permanent tragedy of psychiatric misdiagnosis and irreparable relationships. Just prior to the anniversary of his grandmother's death—an anniversary with no markers and no conversations—Anna had begun to help Jaime with his college applications. "I felt so confused—my grandmother told me never to let Anna in to my life—I needed to be loyal to her—yet here was Anna, being so sweet and loving. No one acknowledged my grandmother's death. I knew she would not want me to be living here, and especially to be letting my stepmother help me. None of it made any sense—I felt like my head was going to explode."
Resolution dawned for Jamie as he shared conversations with stepmother and father, and learned to acknowledge his contradictory feelings about his grandmother and stepmother. Not long after the family secrets were revealed, Jaime stopped hearing voices.
These two cases illustrate how secrets entangle relationships. Anniversary reactions help bring to the surface secrets which may be of recent creation, as with Jaime and his family, or decades old and permeating every corner of an extended family's life, as we saw with Carol. Jaime's turmoil was anchored in death, while Carol's was generated by birth. What they share is their steep price to family relationships and individual identity.
~ Evan Imber-Black is a professor in the Marriage and Family Therapy Masters Program at Mercy College. She is also the director of the Ackerman Center for Families and Health at the Ackerman Institute for the Family and the author of several books, including The Secret Life of Families.
Posted by william harryman at Tuesday, November 19, 2013
Labels: anniversary reaction, families, family therapy, Nautilus, Psychology, secrets, silence


We have been meaning to go here for years (SIX YEARS!), and we finally did!
A beautiful area of high-desert-goodness on the northern-side of the Angles Nation Forest. There are a couple of short hiking options (1/2 mile and 1 mile trails), and other long trails that can connect you to the high-country of the Angles. We took JW on his first mile long hike and he did pretty good considering he is a year and a half. A good rule we learned is for every year of age that's how many miles is a decent distance for them. There is no way he could have walked the whole thing himself, and he wouldn't let us hold him the whole time - because seriously, there was too much to explore! So, the loop took us a while to get through. We had a great time and it doesn't get much better then watching JW blaze his own trail trying to clamor up the hillside with a hugh smile on his face.
The mile long trail drops down 300 feet into Devil's Punchbowl creek. Its pretty easy going for the most part, a little steep and rocky here and there. The rock formations are what give the park the appeal that is has.
The desert, especially the high desert has a special little place in our hearts.
Be sure to check out their nature center!
Great photos. Do you have any idea why it's called the Devil's Punchbowl?


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Dr. Torres believes that in order to truly care for his patients, he must first earn their trust and confidence by treating them with compassion and respect. He wants his patients to feel as though they are being cared for by someone in their own family. With a special interest in sports medicine and experience as a team physician, Dr. Torres enjoys helping his patients achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Dr. Torres attended the University of Texas Medical Branch to obtain his medical degree. He completed his residency at Memorial Family Medicine in Houston, Texas, and then completed his fellowship at Methodist Sports Medicine in Dallas, Texas.
Apart from his work as a physician, Dr. Torres loves traveling and participating in sports. He was born and raised in El Paso and is fluent in both Spanish and English.


Cosmetology is headed by Caroline Morgan, specialist in medical micro-pigmentation procedures. With several years experience in the field of beauty and cosmetics, Caroline was trained by the same academy as the biggest Harley Street practices for permanent cosmetics and micro-pigmentation work.
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