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The nonvanishing hypothesis at infinity for Rankin-Selberg convolutions
by Binyong Sun PDF
J. Amer. Math. Soc. 30 (2017), 1-25 Request permission
We prove the nonvanishing hypothesis at infinity for Rankin-Selberg convolutions for ${\mathrm {GL}}(n)\times {\mathrm {GL}}(n-1)$.
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Binyong Sun
Affiliation: Institute of Mathematics and Hua Loo-Keng Key Laboratory of Mathematics, AMSS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Email: sun@math.ac.cn
Received by editor(s): September 17, 2014
Received by editor(s) in revised form: October 22, 2015, and November 30, 2015
Published electronically: January 8, 2016
Additional Notes: The author was supported by NSFC Grants 11222101, 11525105, 11321101, and 11531008.
Journal: J. Amer. Math. Soc. 30 (2017), 1-25
MSC (2010): Primary 22E47; Secondary 22E41
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1090/jams/855


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Updated on May 21, 2015 1:31pm EDT
Pill-taking is hard & yucky for some kids; studies show some techniques may help, review finds
Many sick kids can't or won't swallow pills — and that can make them sicker. But there may be some pretty simple ways to help the medicine go down, a new study says.
Dr. Kathleen Bradford and colleagues at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill reviewed research on pill-swallowing techniques. Several seemed to help, including flavored swallowing spray, a special pill cup and just practice with a regular cup and fake pills or candy.
Here's more about pill-swallowing:
Swallowing medicine is hard for at least 1 in 10 kids, Bradford said. Taste, pill size, fear and discomfort are among the reasons. The result can be missed doses of prescribed medicine and worsening of symptoms it's meant to treat.
SOME TESTED TECHNIQUES
Research is scant; five studies published since 1986 were reviewed. A technique used in two studies started with tiny dummy pills, moving up to regular-sized tablets. Children were taught to sit up straight, place the pill on the tongue and swallow with water.
A special pill cup helped in a different study. One model has a spout for the pill, releasing it when the water is sipped. But most kids learned using a regular cup, with practice.
In the other studies: swallowing with the head in different positions including chin-up or turned to one side worked for some; as did throat spray to mask the icky flavor and help pills glide down.
While each of the methods studied helped some kids, the studies were generally small and had limitations, including lack of follow-up to see if benefits lasted long after the studies ended. Bradford said swallowing methods should be tested in larger, more rigorous research. Her study was published Monday in Pediatrics.
WHY NOT CRUSH
Crushing pills into food isn't generally advised — particularly for extended-release medicine because crushing can release a higher-than-intended dose all at once. Also, some pills' medicine flavor can't be disguised, Bradford said.
There probably isn't a one-size-fits-all swallowing technique, but making pill-taking fun instead of punitive is helpful, Bradford said. At her hospital, kids are encouraged to think of tongues as water slides, and swallowing a pill gives it a ride into the stomach.
Pediatrics: http://www.pediatrics.org
Safe medication practices: http://www.ismp.org/Tools/DoNotCrush.pdf .
AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/LindseyTanner

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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This spacious room, with a king sized bed, is in the main Lodge, with access to the garden and to its own outdoor seating area. The bathroom has a separate WC, double basin and a shower with a garden view.


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Friend 'happy Michelle finally gets justice' after police make arrest in Martinko killing
A friend of Michelle Martinko said the arrest of Jerry Lynn Burns was "amazing" news.
Friend 'happy Michelle finally gets justice' after police make arrest in Martinko killing A friend of Michelle Martinko said the arrest of Jerry Lynn Burns was "amazing" news. Check out this story on desmoinesregister.com: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/crime-and-courts/2018/12/19/family-friends-react-arrest-manchester-man-michelle-martinka-cold-case-1979/2371921002/
Alex Ivanisevic and Luke Nozicka, Des Moines Register Published 9:47 p.m. CT Dec. 19, 2018 | Updated 9:50 a.m. CT Dec. 20, 2018
Jody Ewing is the founder of Iowa Cold Cases, a website dedicated to cold cases around the state. Originally started as part of a reporting project, Ewing found herself in shock when she had to put her own step-father on the website. File video
Police found 18-year-old Michelle Martinko dead inside a vehicle parked at Cedar Rapids' Westdale Mall on Dec. 20, 1979, with stab wounds to her face and chest.(Photo: Special to the Register)
Elizabeth Laymon vividly remembers the day she and classmates at Kennedy High School sobbed when they learned their friend Michelle Martinko had been killed.
Martinko, 18, had driven to the mall after a school choir banquet to shop for a new winter coat on Dec. 19, 1979. She never returned home.
Police found her body in the family's tan 1972 Buick in Cedar Rapids' Westdale Mall parking lot. She'd been stabbed in her face and chest repeatedly.
► Previously: DNA evidence leads police to charge Iowa man with murder for 1979 killing of Michelle Martinko
Laymon said she and Martinko were in a self-defense class together. But "no amount of self-defense could have saved her from that."
During an interview with the Des Moines Register on Wednesday night, Laymon called the arrest "amazing" news and said she was relieved. "I am thrilled for her sister, Janelle, and wish her parents were alive to see this," Laymon said. "I am happy Michelle finally gets justice."
► Timeline: What we know about Michelle Marie Martinko's death and investigation™
Cedar Rapids Police Chief Wayne Jerman commended his investigators' persistence in the case and their use of the technology that he said can "aid in the investigation regardless of how long ago the violent act occurred." He described Martinko's family as grateful for their efforts.
"The family never gave up hope that this case would be solved," Jerman said.
► More: Read stories and watch videos about Iowa's unsolved murders, at DesMoinesRegister.com/GoneCold.
► Database: Explore an interactive map of Iowa's unsolved murders, dating back to 1847, and learn more about each case from information gathered by Iowa Cold Cases.
Read or Share this story: https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/crime-and-courts/2018/12/19/family-friends-react-arrest-manchester-man-michelle-martinka-cold-case-1979/2371921002/
Shooter in homicide-suicide was under restraining order
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Iowa bracing for 'most intense' heat wave of year
Victims identified after 3 bodies found in Iowa residence
Deliberations to begin Tuesday in Iowa boy's attempted murder trial
Wayne Eugene Sinclair dies by suicide in prison


text:
THE ORPHIC ARGONAUTICA
A MODERN PARAPHRASE AND SUMMARY
Friedrich Nösselt
translated by Mrs. Angus W. Hall (1885)
Orpheus by Michael Willman, c. 1670 (Wikimedia Commons)
The Orphic Argonautica tells the story of Jason's quest from the point of view of Orpheus himself, who narrates the epic. (Read a full English translation of the Orphic Argonautica here.)
Until the end of the nineteenth century, it was believed that the Orphic Argonautica was the oldest account of Jason's journey, predating, they though, even the Homeric epics themselves. Though this was later proven wrong (the epic dates from the fourth century CE or later), in creating his German-language handbook of mythology in the 1820s, FRIEDRICH NÖSSELT (1781-1850) followed this in preferring the Orphic version to all others in telling the story of Jason. His account of the Argonauts' voyage is a very close paraphrase of the Orphic Argonautica (with some additions from other versions), so much so that when Mrs. Angus W. Hall translated Nössert's handbook in 1885, she inadvertantly produced the only reasonably close translation of the Orphic Argonautica published in English until the twenty-first century.
XIII.—THE ARGONAUTIC EXPEDITION
In Iolcus, in Thessaly, the northern boundary of Greece, reigned King Aeson. But the cares of the kingdom hung heavy on him, and at length he retired, giving up the throne to his son Jason. The lad was still very young, therefore Pelias, the half-brother of Aeson, governed for him; but so much did he like the power he held that he determined, if possible, to retain it.
Jason, meanwhile, had been entrusted to the care of the wise and clever Centaur, Chiron, and he did full honour to his master. Among all the old Greek heroes the son of Aeson was one of the greatest.
One day Pelias offered a solemn sacrifice to Poseidon, to which he invited all his relations, and among them came Jason. On his way the young man reached a river. Here stood an old dame who entreated him to take her across. Without hesitation he raised her in his arms, and carried her safely to the opposite side, but one of his sandals remained sticking in the mud, so that he was obliged to continue his journey without it. The old woman was really no other than Hera, who in this disguise had come to prove Jason.
When Jason arrived at Iolcus he presented himself before Pelias as his nephew, and demanded his father's kingdom. Pelias had not seen him since he was a child, and had entirely forgotten him. Now his sudden appearance startled him, still more so as an oracle had foretold that he who should attend the sacrifice wearing only one shoe would deprive him of the crown. Quickly recovering himself, however, he arranged a scheme by which to rid himself of the hated nephew.
"So be it," he said, "thou shalt have the throne of Iolcus, but first must thou go forth and win a name worthy of a king. Go to Colchis, where, carefully guarded, lies the Golden Fleece of Phrixus. When thou returnest with it to Iolcus, then shalt thou ascend the throne of thy father." Jason did not perceive the artifice, and dazzled by the glory of so great an enterprise, he swore by the gods to go forth and accomplish it.
The history of the Golden Fleece was as follows. Not far from Iolchus, lay the small kingdom of Alus, of which Athamas was king. By his first wife Nephele he had a son Phrixus and a daughter Helle; but after a time he put aside Nephele and married Ino, who hated her stepchildren, treated them harshly and cruelly, and at length persuaded her husband to offer them both up as a sacrifice to the gods. Influenced by Ino, Athamas prepared willingly to accede to her wishes; but Nephele appeared to her children in a dream and commanded them instantly to fly, sending to aid them a beautiful strong ram, a present to her from Hermes. The ram was a creation of Poseidon, and a marvel of his kind. He had more than human understanding, could speak, and fly through the air, or swim across the sea, and his fleece was golden.
Phrixus and Helle seated themselves on the back of the animal, and were carried by him to the sea-shore. There he sprang into the water intending to swim with them to the other shore, but as he was crossing the narrow strait, now called the Dardanelles, Helle lost her hold, slipped off, and was drowned. Hence the Greeks gave the strait the name of Hellespont or Sea of Helle. Phrixus feared he too might fall off, but the ram reassured him.
"Fear not," he said, "thy fate is otherwise decreed." And he hurried on, across the Black Sea to Colchis, a town at the foot of Mt. Caucasus, where Phrixus was kindly welcomed by King Aeetes, a son of Helios, the sun-god. After remaining there some time he married the daughter of the king, and then the ram, having finished his work, desired Phrixus to sacrifice him, and to hang up his golden fleece in a grove, sacred either to Ares or Artemis.
Phrixus did as he was desired, and the immortal part of the ram ascended to heaven, where it is still visible among the constellations, while the fleece was hung up, and afterwards became so celebrated.
Jason called upon all the Greek heroes to come and take part in the expedition to Colchis. And to this call they all responded. Among them were Herakles, Castor and Pollux, Theseus, Peirithoos, Pelius (the father of Achilles), Meleager, the singer Orpheus, Amphion, the lad Hylas, and Calais and Zetes (two sons of Boreas) all of whom were sons either of gods or kings.
Now only a vessel was needed to carry the warriors to Colchis; and Hera, the protectress of Jason, here came to his aid. The Queen of Heaven commanded Athene to provide a ship, and she at once directed Argus, the son of Phrixus, a very clever architect, to construct one. During its building she put in a piece of the speaking oak of Dodona; thus it was that the vessel was able to talk. The ship was named the Argo, and those who sailed in her received the name of Argonauts or sailors of the Argo.
At length the vessel was finished; and all the heroes, ready to start on the expedition, went down to the shore at Iolcus to embark, when lo! the Argo was found to be immovable! Casting aside their arms, all fastened strong ropes round their chests and endeavoured to move her by main force, but in vain. She still remained firmly embedded in the shingle. Then Jason's brave heart failed him for an instant, but not for long. Bethinking him of Orpheus, the sweet singer of Thracia, he called
"Me unto him, that I by the power of my music
Might with fresh courage inspire their long and wearisome labours,
Quickly my harp I uplifted, and as I sent forth the cadence,
Taught by my mother divine, in the days of my innocent childhood
Stirred I the hearts of the heroes." *
[* This and the following stanzas are from an ancient Greek poem, the "Argonautica," supposed to have been written by Orpheus himself.]
With renewed ardour they set to work, for the song of Orpheus put fresh vigour into their hearts. Then the oak, out of which part of the ship's keel was built, was heard to murmur, and suddenly the vessel began to move:
"Bright glanced her sides as she sped the length of the flatshingly margin,
Gaining the small sheltered bay. Then as her prow kissed the waters
Quickly they parted asunder, rejoicing the heart of brave Jason."
At once Argus sprang on board the vessel, followed by Tiphys, the steersman, the mast and sails were put in, and all else that was needed, and then the oars were brought down, and the helm fastened to the rudder. Now all was ready, and Jason reminded them that a leader of the expedition should be chosen, proposing that their choice should fall on Herakles. To this the others agreed, but the hero himself refused the honour. He knew that the mighty Queen of Heaven was his enemy, but the protectress of Jason, therefore he begged the Argonauts to select the son of Aeson as leader, and the request was gladly agreed to.
Jason demanded that his companions should all take the oath of obedience to him, and Orpheus prepared a solemn sacrifice, which he thus describes:--
"Now to the low sandy shore, we brought the strong limbs of the oak tree,
Placing thereon for the gods, gifts gathered with pious devotion;
Next I the mighty steer slew, whose crest o'er his fellows high towered.
And with one powerful thrust, I severed his head from his body,
Only the heart I cut up, and placed on the flat baken wheat cakes,
Pouring some rich golden oil, and the milk of the sheep o'e the offering."
Then he bade his comrades gather round the sacrifice, and thrust their spears and swords into it, and
"On the ground in their midst, I placed a huge earthen vessel,
Holding the sacred drink which with many a prayer I had mingled Demeter's all precious gift, the flour that mankind sustaineth
Next the blood of the steer, and lastly the brine of the ocean.
Wreaths of the olive green, I bade them bind round their foreheads,
Which with the sacred draught, I filled a rich golden goblet,
And handed the mixture round, for each in turn to partake of.
Jason commanded I then, with a torch to fire the offering."
—" Argonautica."
Speedily the sacrifice was reduced to ashes by the flames, and then turning to the white-crested waves, the bard stretched forth his hands, crying:
"Powers of the great sounding deep—ye gods of the mighty oceans,
Spirits who guard the lone shores, and furthermost waters of Tethys;
Nereus, thee too, I invoke, the ancient and father of all,
Thee, and thy fifty daughters, all gifted with beauty supernal;
Glaucus surrounded by dolphins, and fair foam-bom Amphitrite;
Proteus also and Phorcus, and the all-powerful Triton! R
estless swift-coursing winds, and golden-hued dawn of the morning,
Star-spangled ether above, and dark shrouded daughter of evening.
Daemons of watery depths, who unite with the heroes in power;
Naiads and nymphs of the rivers, who rush to the boundless ocean!
Come from your surging home, and list to the oath we have taken.
So long as we faithfully keep, the oath we have given to Jason,
Ever to be at his side, to aid him in all his hard contests,
So shall we safely return, each to his own native country.
But if unmindful of this, we faithlessly break this, our promise,
May the all-judging Dice, against us, ever be witness,
And the dreaded Erinnyes follow our footsteps for ever."
When the oath had been administered to all, the Argonauts stepped on board the vessel, and after laying their arms under the seats, grasped the oars. Hera sent a favourable wind, and the Argo flew on her way
"Through the deep endless flood,
Scattering the white-crested foam, as her sharp prow clave through the waters."
By morning they were in sight of the lofty peak of Mount Pelion. Tiphys steered towards the shore, and they all landed. "See ye, my friends," said Peleus, "that wooded rock in the distance. There is the cave of Chiron, the best and wisest of all Centaurs. Wisely did silver-footed Thetis bring Achilles hither, when yet a babe, that he might be educated by him. My heart longs to embrace my son, let us go therefore to the cave, that mine eyes may once more behold him."
"Soon we arrived at the cave, and there in the darkened entrance
Lay outstretched on the ground, the powerful form of the Centaur,
While with his lyre in his hand, stood the son of Peleus and Thetis,
Bringing forth sweet dreamy strains, to please the ear of the master."
When Chiron beheld the princes, he rose joyfully, and received them with great gladness. Then he prepared a couch of dried leaves, made them sit down, and placed wine and venison before them. After they had partaken of the food, the heroes begged Orpheus to sing to the accompaniment of Chiron's lyre. But the singer at first refused, saying he dared not compete with one so renowned and famous as the Centaur. Chiron himself, however, begged him to join in a contest, and taking the lyre from Achilles, sang the battle of the Centaurs and Lapithae, and their fight with Herakles.
Then Orpheus sang in his turn about Chaos, the skies, and the heavens, the creation of earth and sea, of Eros and Kronos, and the birth of all the lesser gods:
"And the narrow cave rang with the sound,
It rose to the mountain tops, and the wooded valleys of Pelion,
Bending the trees that had stood for a thousand years in the pine woods.
Splitting the rocks that they fell, and taming the beasts of the forest.
Drawing them all to the cave by the wond'rous power of its music.
While e'en the eagles and vultures that circled the stables of Chiron,
Paused in their greedy flight, and forgot both their nests and their natures."
Chiron was lost in wonder at the beauty of the song, and now, as Orpheus concluded, Tiphys came in and exhorted them to depart, so they hastily took up their weapons. But before he left, brave Peleus raised his son in his arms, and with tears in his eyes, pressed a kiss on his brow, and bade him farewell.
Chiron bestowed on the singer Orpheus a beautiful skin as a parting gift, and when the heroes went back to their ships, the Centaur accompanied them to the shore, and raising his hands towards heaven, prayed to the gods for their safe return.
Then the Argonauts took up their oars once more, and soon the vessel was cleaving the blue waters, swiftly bearing them on their way. Thus they journeyed till they came to the isle of Lemnos. Here they were so hospitably received by King Thoas and his daughter Hypsipyle, that they felt no inclination to go away from the island; even Jason was so captivated by the beauty of the princess, that he wished also to remain. But Orpheus reminded them of the object of the expedition, and ashamed of the weakness they had shown, they returned to their vessel, and continued the voyage.
Next they passed through the Hellespont, where Athene sent them favouring winds, and having landed there, and erected a huge stone in her honour, they went on till they came into the Sea of Marmora, and reached an island, of which Cyzicus was king. He gave them a hearty welcome, prepared a magnificent banquet for them, and presented them with food, wine, and beautiful garments and carpets for their journey. But when night approached, and the heroes had lain down to rest, a number of wild men who lived in the mountain fastnesses of the island sent by Hera came down to slay Herakles. They were of enormous size, and had six arms and hands, and as soon as they beheld the Argonauts, who had hurriedly seized their weapons, they fell on them, brandishing large fir trees, which they had torn up by the roots. Fearful was the combat which ensued, but Herakles succeeded in completely vanquishing his foes; unfortunately, however, in so doing he accidentally killed King Cyzicus, who had hurried down to try and separate the combatants.
When the heroes prepared to depart, they found to their surprise that all their united efforts would not enable them to loosen the cable that held the ship: the more they tried, the closer the knots became twisted; Tiphys was unable to explain the mystery, for he did not know that Rhea, angry at the death of Cyzicus, was hindering their departure. But at midnight, whilst he was asleep, Athene appeared to him, and commanded him and his companions to go on shore, and offer up a death sacrifice in honour of their dead host, as well as other offerings to the gods of the Underworld. Then would Rhea, the mother of all, pardon them; "and when ye have finished these sacrifices, hasten to the hill yonder, which is sacred to Rhea, and offer up to her a special sacrifice."
So saying, the goddess departed, and flew like an arrow back to heaven. Then Tiphys hurriedly sprang from his couch, awoke the others, related his dream, and they all hastened to the shore. There, as dawn crept slowly across the sky, they caught sight of the body of Cyzicus covered with dust and blood, and surrounded by the tall forms of the wild men he had slain. The Argonauts were filled with sadness when they saw this, and they buried the body, and raised a tomb to the memory of their host. Also gathering dry boughs, they offered an oblation to the goddess Rhea, while Orpheus poured over it oil mixed with milk, water, and honey, and hallowed the offering with prayer and sweet songs.
Then Jason arranged some funeral games, with prizes for the winners: the best wrestler received the beautiful golden goblet that Hypsipyle had given to Jason; Peleus was the swiftest runner, and got a purple mantle, worked by Athene; Herakles, who could throw the furthest, a silver jug of exquisite workmanship; Castor, the best rider, a set of golden horse trappings; and Pollux, a magnificent carpet. Jason himself surpassed them all in archery, and the victor's laurel wreath was therefore given to him, whilst Orpheus received a pair of golden winged sandals as a reward for his music.
The Argonants now proceeded to Rhea's mountain. Argos having cut down a vine, carved a figure of Rhea, and placed it in a grotto, which they cut in the rock, while Jason erected an altar. On this last they sprinkled blood and wine, and the goddess was completely propitiated when Orpheus, as the sacrifice was burning, sang some songs in her honour.
At last Tiphys hurried them away; they descended the mountain, and having embarked, once again took up their oars. This time the cable loosed itself, and Rhea favoured their departure. Soon, however, the wind became so strong that they had to keep close in to the shore, and at length took shelter in a small creek on the Asiatic coast. Herakles went on shore to try and kill some game in the woods, and Hylas, following him, stopped at a spring to get some water. But the Naiads, thinking the beautiful boy must be the son of a god, drew him down into the spring, and he was seen no more. The wind having now calmed, Tiphys urged a speedy departure, and they called and shouted to Herakles. All was in vain, and as they could obtain no answer, they departed without him.
The winds drove the Argo to the coast of the Bebryces, where dwelt King Amycus, who used to make all travellers wrestle with him. In ancient days they used the caestus in these wrestling matches; this was a strong leather band with iron, wound round the hand and arm to make the blows more effectual. When the Argonauts were summoned to wresde with Amycus, Pollux at once accepted the challenge, and killed the king almost at the first blow, while the rest of the Bebryces were soon vanquished by the heroes.
Next they landed in Bithynia, a district of Asia Minor, where Phineus, son of Agenor and brother of Cadmus and Europa, reigned as king. The gods had afflicted him with blindness, as a punishment for foretelling the future. He was also plagued by the Harpies, who, as soon as his table was spread, flew down, snatched the food from his mouth, and so completely destroyed what was left, that no one could touch it. The Argonauts wished to consult Phineus as to their journey, and he promised to satisfy them if they would free him from these monsters. Accordingly, as soon as the Harpies flew down to snatch the food, Calais and Zetes, the sons of Boreas, drew their swords, and overcoming them, made them take an oath that they would leave Phineus alone for the future. Very grateful for this act, the king not only told the Argonauts about their journey, but also gave them much other good advice.
At last the wayfarers reached the Bosphorus, where floated about in the sea the Cyancae Insulae, or floating islands (also known as the Symplegades), which constantly came together and as constantly separated again. They crashed together and parted asunder, only to meet with'another crash, till the sound echoed through the high vault of heaven, and the angry billows rushed round them with a terrific roar.
When Tiphys saw these rocks his heart fairly failed him, but just then an eagle flew down between them, and settled on the mast of the Argo, only just escaping being crushed, by the loss of his tail feathers. Again the rocks separated, and ere they had time to close, the heroes seized the oars and rowed with all their might. Even then the vessel must have been crushed had not Orpheus grasped his lyre, and, held by the power of his song, the rocks stood still and the sea calmed down, while the Argo passed through in safety. No sooner had this taken place, than the Symplegades became stationary, and remained fixed in the sea as the Moirae had decreed.
After escaping this danger, the Argonauts kept to the right side of the Black Sea, and while passing up it, Tiphys, the steersman died, and Ancaeus took his place. No incident occurred now until they reached the harbour of Colchis. Then Jason,
"Called together the heroes, and with them in haste took council,
Whether alone by himself, he should go to Aeetes' palace,
Speaking him fair with soft words, and entreating his help and his friendship,
Or boldly confess our design, and demand the prize we had come for."
They determined that they would not all go thither, for now that they had reached the wished-for goal, fear had taken possession of them, and their hearts began to fail.
Aeetes meanwhile had been troubled by a dream in which he saw his daughter Medea being carried away across the river and the Black Sea, and, seized with fear, he sprang from his couch, quickly harnessed his golden steeds, and calling to his daughters, commanded them to offer sacrifices to the river-god, in order to avert any coming danger:
"Then in his golden chariot, his beauteous daughters beside him,
Rode King Aeetes the great, all through the glistening meadows.
Down to the banks of the stream, where 'mid the tall flowering rushes
Erst had it been their wont, to come with their vows and petitions."
Now close to the shore floated a strange vessel, the stately Argo, and the forms of the heroes could be plainly seen:
"God-like they seemed in stature, bright shone their arms in the sunlight,
And glorious above his fellows, was Jason the mighty leader."
At sight of Aeetes Jason and his companions trembled, for,
"There in the sunlight gleaming, rolled the bright car of Aeetes,
Flashed the golden rays of the crown encircling his forehead,
And in his hand he held the sceptre glancing like lightning.
With fatherly pride he gazed on the stately daughters beside him;
But his eye grew stern and dark, as he saw the vessel approaching."
Rising in the chariot he called fiercely across the water to the strangers:
"Say of what nation are ye, and what is the errand that brings ye?
Truly not even my fame hath stayed you from coming hither.
Nor fear of the Colchian folk, the nation which bends 'neath my sceptre,
And ever ready to fight, are impervious even to Ares."
The Argonauts had not even courage to answer a word to this speech of the king's, until at length Hera strengthened the heart of Jason, and he answered:
"We come not, Oh King Aeetes, to destroy thy land or to risk our own lives wantonly. Neither are we impelled by covetous greed. I was destined in time past for this service by Pelias, my father's uncle. I may not gain the throne of Iolchos until, after many dangers surmounted, I return thither bearing the golden fleece. These my companions are no nameless adventurers, but all true friends to me, descended from heroes and the immortal gods, and all acquainted with the art of warfare. If thou wilt so receive us we will come to thee as friends."
Then the eyes of Aeetes flashed with anger, but he suppressed his wrath, devising a scheme by which to destroy Jason, while he answered:
"Hearken, O stranger, had you come here armed and in great numbers to fight for the golden fleece no doubt you would have gained it. Now, however, it would be no honour for us to conquer so few of you. Choose therefore the noblest from among you, and if he shall be victorious, as I doubt not that he will be, in the combats that I will prepare for him, then shall you carry away with you the golden fleece," and he returned to his palace, leaving the Argonauts paralysed with fear.
How they regretted now that they had not waited for Herakles! At last they selected Jason to represent them, and soon after, Aeetes' grandson appeared, a stately youth, bringing the following message from the Colchian king: Jason must capture two wild fire-breathing oxen, with iron hoofs, harness them to a diamond plough, harrow four acres of a field dedicated to Ares, and sow in the furrows some poisonous dragon's teeth that Phrixus had once given to Aeetes. These teeth would quickly grow up into armed men, with whom he would have to fight, and when he had vanquished them, he would have to conquer the dragons that guarded the golden fleece.
Jason would have been completely lost, had not Medea, the king's daughter, come to his rescue. She had seen and fallen in love with the noble Grecian hero, and for some time hesitated whether to help him, or to remain faithful to her father. At last her better nature conquered, and she determined to put love on one side, "for," she said to herself, "there can be no evil greater than to betray one's father." So she hastened into the depths of a dark wood, there to place an offering on the altar of Hecate, for this maiden Medea was a sorceress and could weave spells and charms.
On her way she met Jason, and immediately all her good resolutions were forgotten. He spoke to her, entreated her to help him, and promised to make her his wife if she would assist him in the coming trials. Medea resisted no longer; she promised to aid him, and Jason swore by all the sacred gods, and by the father of Aeetes who sees everything, that he would never leave her. In return he obtained from her some wondrous herbs with which to anoint his body, so that nothing could wound him; also a magic stone to use against the armed men, and then she told him exactly what he would have to do.
The next morning the people thronged to the sacred field of Ares. Aeetes also appeared, dressed in purple robes, his sceptre in his hand, and when he bowed his head the fierce bulls rushed forth, their nostrils breathing flames of fire, the grass burning beneath their feet, and (thus Ovid relates it)
"As forges rumble with excessive fires,
And furnaces with fiercer fury glow,
When water on the pouting mass ye throw;
With such a noise from their convulsive breast,
Thro' bellowing throats the struggling vapour press'd."'
—Ovid, "Metam.," Book vii.
But bravely Jason went forth to meet them.
"While on th' advent'rous youth the monsters turn
Their glaring eyes, and eager to engage,
Brandish their steel-tipt horns in threat'ning rage:
With brazen hoofs they beat the ground, and choke
The ambient air, with clouds of dust and smoke.
Each gazing Grecian for his champion shakes,
While bold advances he securely makes
Through singing blasts; such wonders magic art
Can work, when love conspires, and plays his part.
The passive savages like statues stand,
While he their dewlaps strokes with soothing hand;
To unknown yokes their brawny necks they yield,
And, like tame oxen, plough the wond'ring field.
The Colchians stare; the Grecians shout, and raise
Their champion's courage with inspiring praise.
Embolden'd now, on fresh attempts he goes,
With serpents' teeth the fertile furrows sows;
The glebe, fermenting with enchanted juice,
Makes the snake's teeth a human crop produce."
The iron mass sprang up from the earth, and fiercely turned on Jason, and when the Argonauts saw these armed men levelling their spears at him, they covered their faces in anguish:
"And where such hardy warriors are afraid,
What must the tender and enamoured maid?
Her spirits sink, the blood her cheek forsook,
She fears, who for his safety undertook;
She knew the virtue of the spoils she gave,
She knew their force, and knew her lover brave;
But what's a single champion to a host?
Yet scorning thus to see him tamely lost;
Her strong reserve of secret arts she brings,
And last, her never-failing song she sings."
Jason now took the magic stone, and threw it in amongst the warriors, when, lo! they turned from him and began fighting with each other till not one was left.
There was still the dragon to conquer; but Aeetes, angry that the hero had so successfully overcome the two first trials, would not allow him to go on. He said that enough had been done for that day, and that he wished to rest. On the morrow Jason might fight the dragon; his intention being to kill the strangers during the night.
Again Medea came to Jason's assistance. Her anxiety for him left her no peace. Hurrying down to the vessel at nightfall, she told him of her father's intention, and urged the hero to follow her at once and seize the golden fleece ere day should break. The poem of Orpheus thus describes the theft of the golden fleece--
"Near to the royal palace rose a wall of nine fathoms,
Guarded by mighty towers, and surrounded by bastions severe.
Pierced by three brazen gateways surmounted by pinnacles golden.
There aloft o'er the entrance, stands the far-seeing goddess:
Artemis, cold and proud; on whom the atoning Colchians
Call both in fear and terror,for none dare approach these precincts,
Except they first bring offerings, to lay at the feet of the goddess.
No mortal can ever here enter, be he native or stranger,
By dogs with fierce flaming eyes on every side it is guarded."
In the centre of the enclosure was a dark shady grove of laurels and cornel trees, with gracefully waving palms, while in the midst a giant oak reared its head, stretching its mightyarms almost into the clouds:
"And there 'neath the leafy boughs, hangs the golden fleece of Aeetes,
Watched with incessant care by the fearful, terrible dragon.
Golden-hued scales protect him, impervious to every weapon;
Impatient he lashes his tail, as his angry eye wanders incessant."
The Argonauts, having received this description of the garden from Medea, feared they would not be able to overcome the obstacles, and they begged Orpheus to offer sacrifices to Artemis for a propitious ending to their venture, and to try and tame the dragon by the sweet tones of his lyre. Thereupon the bard chose Jason, Castor and Pollux, and one other Argonaut to be at hand in case they were wanted. Medea accompanied them, and they made their way to the sacred wall of the grove. Then
"Quickly I stooped to the ground, and dug out a three-cornered trench,
Herein I placed with care, branches of sweet-scented cedar,
Elder,also, and black thorns, and the sorrowful weeping willow,
While Medea the sorceress added herbs of magical powers.''
Then Orpheus slew three young black dogs, mixed their blood with the magic herbs, and laid them on the pile. Then over all he poured oil and water, and wrapping himself in black garments, sacrificed to the gods of the Underworld.
Suddenly the ground opened, and Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megaera, the dread Erinyes, rose from the depths of Tartarus, and the sacrifice fiercely glowed and burned, while a thick black smoke ascended to heaven. Now in the midst of the flames appeared other beings from the Underworld, of fierce and terrible aspect. Iron Pandora, well known in Pluto's dark kingdom, and Hekate, stern and solemn, having three heads: on her left shoulder a thickly-maned horse's head, on her right a hind's, and in the centre a fierce wild lion, while in her hands she held two gleaming swords. Pandora passed slowly round and round the trench in which was the sacrifice, and Hekate joined the Furies in a magic ring.
Then, marvellous to relate, the figure of Artemis over the gateway dropped the torches she held in her hands, her watchful gaze turned to the sky. The dogs, before so fierce, now fawned upon them, back sprang the mighty bolts of the brazen gates, the portals opened wide, and there before the Grecian heroes lay the mysterious grove.
"I was the first to enter, close followed behind by brave Jason,
After us came Medea, and the noble sons of Tyndareus.
But as we neared the oak, and the steps of the altar of Zeus,
Lo! with a terrible roar, the mighty dragon espied us."
—"Argonautica."
Raising his head he uncoiled his huge body, lashing the ground with his tail, and rending the air with his cries, while the very trees shook from their roots, and the earth trembled beneath the feet of the heroes.
Orpheus and his companions fell back, but Medea fearlessly advanced, bearing in her hands some of the magic herbs, and when the bard saw this, he raised his lyre, and softly and sweetly supplicated sleep:
"Ruler of gods and of men,
That 'neath his powerful spell, the dragon's great strength might vanish.
Slowly he came to my call, and gently wrapping in slumber
All who were weary and sad, all who had toiled long and sorely
Floated on golden wings, to the flowery meadows of Colchis."
As the God of Sleep approached, the eyes of the dragon suddenly began to close, almost as if death had come upon him, and at last his long neck sank down on to the shining scales of his body. Even Medea herself was surprised at the effect of the spells, but she urged Jason at once to secure the precious prize, which could be seen sparkling on the trunk of the oak-tree above the dragon.
Then the Argonaut hastened forward, unfastened the golden fleece, and they all returned at once to the ship, where their comrades received them with the utmost rejoicing, and offered up prayers and thanksgivings to the immortal gods.
Aeetes meanwhile had heard from his servants of Medea's departure, and sent his little son Absyrtos to go and find his sister. The boy came to the vessel of the heroes, and there found Medea in the midst of them, but fearing lest her flight might be made known to her father, the maiden laid hold on her brother, killed him, and threw his body into the sea. Then she hurried the Greeks in their departure, for the night was already half done, and she knew that at break of day Aeetes would discover the theft.
Medea's crime, however, was not to go unpunished. The Argonauts, instead of returning the way they had come, wandered about toward the north. They saw many kingdoms, and passed through the sea of Azov without knowing where they were.
At that time the Greeks believed that the sea of Azov joined the Arctic Ocean, and that where Russia and Poland lie there was nothing but water. Therefore the poet relates how the Argo sailed on and on without interruption, the shores peopled with nations were quickly passed, until at last on the tenth day after their departure they came to the great river Oceanos that encircles the earth. The steersman Ancaeus then turned the vessel to the left, that, crossing the North Sea, they might return to Greece by the pillars of Herakles.
Here in the Northern Ocean there was no wind, and the heroes had to take to their oars; after a time, however, their arms began to weary, for they were making hardly any way at all. Then Ancaeus spoke gently to his tired comrades, and persuaded them at last to get out on the marshy shore, and by fastening a strong rope to the prow endeavour to drag the vessel along. Imbued with fresh courage, they complied with his request, and leaping into the shallows proceeded to draw the Argo. The shores they passed now, consisted of sand and shingle, low and flat, and over all reigned a dreary silence:
"Death-like, and still, and eternal;
Here, neath the polar wain, and the furthermost waters of Tethys."
Now they came to the land of the Macrobii, or long-lived people, who, blessed with every good gift, live free from sorrow and pain. In the fields they gather all that they need for food, and nectar and the dew of heaven suffice them for beverage, while they have beauty more than is given to other mortal men:
"Peace and happiness, also, dwell in their bright cheerful faces;
Old men as well young, know how to speak from the heart,
Crowning their deeds of kindness, with thoughtful and loving accents."
Next the Argo reached the land of the Cimmerii, a people living in the far north, on whom Helios never sheds his rays. There perpetual darkness reigns, for high towering cliffs keep away the light of the sun. They also passed the rocky chasm through which Acheron dashes down into the Underworld. And then, far out beyond the plain, they beheld the town of Hermioneia, encircled by fair meadows. The city is surrounded by strong walls and towers, and the streets are wide and well built. In this splendid town dwells a wondrous nation, so upright and just that when they die they are exempt from paying toll to the ferryman of Acheron, and may pass at once through the portals of Hades to the land of shadows and dreams.
Now the Argonauts again entered their ship, for a zephyr gently ruffled the surface of the ocean. The mast was set up and the sails hoisted, when suddenly from the bottom of the vessel the sacred oak that formed part of the keel startled the heroes with the following words:
'"Woe! ah, woe! hapless vessel! would that mid sorrow and wailing,
Crushed 'gainst the cliffs of Axinos,* I lay 'neath its dark, sullen waters.
Then should I not have to hear the infamous crime of the heroes,
Lost to all honour and fame. Now ever behind stands Erinys
Seeking the murdered Absyrtus, while following close in our pathway,
Evils and mischiefs attend us.'"
[* In ancient times the Black Sea received the name of Axinus, i.e., "the inhospitable," which name, later on, when its shores were peopled by Greek colonists, was changed to that of Euxinus, "the hospitable."]
Then the oak became silent, but the Argonauts were filled with fear, that on account of Jason's love for Medea many evils were still to await them. They began to think whether it would not be better to throw Medea overboard, and let her become food for the monsters of the deep; but Jason, guessing their thoughts, entreated them to spare her life. Little did he dream how much pain and sorrow this wicked maiden was yet to bring upon him.
Now with renewed vigour the heroes again grasped their oars, the stormy wind filled the sails, and with arrow-like speed they flew over the Atlantic Ocean, not knowing whither they were going.
At length, having coasted the northern side of the earth, they reached the western shore, where lay the island of the sorceress Circe. Here Jason landed, and was about to send out spies to find what sort of people the inhabitants were, when he was met on the shore by the lady Circe. She was a sister of Aeetes, and possessed of wondrous beauty, far above that of ordinary mortals, and the Argonauts were lost in wonder at sight of her. Her beautiful golden hair flowed over her shoulders, giving a celestial halo to her face, and gleaming in the sunshine, as she looked upon the strangers:
"But when her keen searching glance fell on the sorceress Medea,
Wrapped in a close covering veil, to hide the pale shame on her features!
Pity softened her breast, and thus she spake to the maiden:
'Ill-fated one! to what dire misfortune has Cypris condemned thee!
Surely ye cannot forget the crime that has brought you hither
Trying to land on our island. Hopeless the task is and useless.
For ye have both wronged your father, and cruelly murdered your brother.
Therefore ye shall not regain the shores of your own native country,
Till with the aid of Orpheus, on the shingly strand of Maleia,*
Ye sacrifice to the gods, thus purging away your transgression.
Here then ye may not enter, till from the ban ye are loosened.
But there is nought to prevent my sending you all ye have need of,
Bread and refreshing wine, and of meat a plentiful storing.'"
[* Maleia or Malea was the most southern point of the Peloponnesus, and here it was that they were to be reconciled to the gods.]
Then she returned to her dwelling, and made her servants carry wine and food down to the ship, a soft breeze sprang up, the heroes loosened the cable, and the Argo, favoured by fortunate winds, entered the Mediterranean Sea by the pillars of Hercules, and came to Sardinia and Sicily:
"Now round the three-sided isle,* we bent to our oars with fresh vigour,
Trying to fly from Mount Etna, whose fires did hinder our voyage.
As with a mighty upheaving, the waves surged over the vessel,
And from the chasm beneath Charybdis her arms extended.
Here lay the vessel hemmed in, a barrier in either direction,
Backwards and forwards she circled, eddying around in the whirlpool.
Soon in the dark fearsome depths, the Argo had perished for ever,
But that the daughter of Nereus, Thetis, the bright silverfooted,
Wished to behold once again, her husband the far-seeing Peleus,
Then from the ocean she rose, and out of the wild seething waters
Rescued the Argo divine, from the dangers that would have engulphed her."
[* Sicily.]
Thus delivered they next came to the isle of the Syrens:
"Here in a deep sheltered creek, the blue waters lap the white shingle,
While on the high rocks above, the Syrens with music celestial
Welcome the homeward bound traveller, leading him on to destruction
Charmed with their soul-thrilling song, the heroes now listened enraptured.
Gone was all wish to depart — the sweet witching lay had enthralled them.
And as their oars they rested, Ancaeus steered straight for the headland.
Now was my time for action. Quickly my harp I uplifted,
And as I struck the chords, I sang as my mother had taught me,
Sang in a voice loud and clear, to drown the lay so destructive:
How in the days of old, about swift coursing steeds rose a quarrel,
Twixt the old powerful Zeus, and Poseidon the ruler of Ocean,
And how the mighty sea-god, enraged at his Cronian* brother
Had with his golden trident parted his land of Lycaon,
Dashing it all asunder, right through the waters of Ocean,
Forming three islands sea girded, and well known to all as
Euboea, Sardo, and Cyprus, the home of the goddess of Love,
Amphitrite. Thus did I pour forth my lay, and from the snow-covered headland,
Mournful, and sadly despairing, the Sirens ceased their soft cadence.
One dropped the lute from her hand, the other her flute made
of Lotus, And with a heart-rending sigh, each covered her face and lamented,
Knowing their doom was fulfilled, and that Death would now be their master.
Then from the dizzy heights, they threw themselves into the waters.
Where, mid the wild foaming waves, they were changed into dangerous forelands."
—"Argonautica.''
[* The name given to Zeus from his being the son of Cronos.]
Now the Argo reached the island of Corcyra, inhabited by a race of sailors, whose king Alcinous was known as the wise and just, and the heroes landed to offer sacrifices to Zeus and Apollo.
Scarcely had they stepped on shore, when they beheld a mighty fleet filled with armed men approaching. These ships had been sent by King Aeetes, who, enraged at the flight of Medea and the murder of his youug son, had fitted out the force to follow the Argo and bring back his faithless daughter. The vessels having also anchored in the harbour, messengers were sent to the palace of Alcinous to demand the surrender of the fugitive. Then,
"Trembled Medea with fear, and terror distorted her visage
Lest the brave King of Phaeacia, on hearing her flagrant misconduct,
Might for her infamy send her, back to the home she had blighted."
When Alcinous heard the message he at once ordered that Medea should be handed over to the men of Aeetes, but the Queen Arete had compassion on the maiden, and persuaded her husband not thus to cast forth a stranger who had sought their protection. Therefore the king decided that if Medea were not already married to Jason she must be given up; if, however, she was married Jason might retain his wife.
Now the marriage had not taken place, so Hera, disguised as a servant, hurried down to the Argo to tell them of the decision of Alcinous. In great haste all the preparations for marriage were completed, and when the messenger from the palace arrived he found the heroes seated at the wedding banquet, upon which he returned again to Alcinous, reporting that the marriage had already taken place, and Medea was not given up.
After their departure from Corcyra the Argonauts had yet more dangers to encounter. A storm threatened them with destruction off the coast of Africa, and when they sought refuge on an island a brazen serpent prevented them from landing. These and many other perils they overcame with the help of the gods, till at last they came to the promontory of Malea on the shores of their native land. Here they landed, and as Circe had advised, offered sacrifices to the gods, Orpheus praying aloud to Neptune to grant them a safe return to Iolcus.
Then once again, and for the last time, the Argonauts stepped on board their vessel, and soon after dropped anchor in the harbour of Iolcus. They knew not what evils would follow the coming of the maiden Medea to their land.
Source: Friedrich August Nösselt, Mythology Greek and Roman, trans. Mrs. Angus W. Hall (London: Kearby & Endean, 1885), 309-335.


Visit this year's Canstruction exhibit and join in on the fun. Meet some of the team members who built the structures, make crafts, or show us your construction skills at the Kids' Canstruction Zone. Don't forget to bring in a canned good to vote for your favorite structure too! All donations go directly to the Food Pantries of the Capital District.


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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Advice for Young People
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Pages tagged "policy_feature"
[2021] Support for Rural & Regional Learner Drivers
Posted on Policy Papers and Submissions by Youth Action · December 07, 2021 4:12 PM
Youth Action welcomes this opportunity to make this submission to the Joint Standing Committee on Road Safety's inquiry into support for rural and regional learner drivers. This is an area of importance to young people and the youth sector in New South Wales, which significantly impacts day-to-day life. The state's geography and public transport
infrastructure make private transport via car a necessity for many young people in rural, regional and some outer-metropolitan areas.
Download the Submission
[2021] Young People and Buy Now Pay Later
Posted on Policy Papers and Submissions by Youth Action · September 20, 2021 3:15 PM
Young People and BNPL: An NCOSS 'Cost of Living in NSW' Report
New research conducted by NCOSS and Youth Action into Buy Now Pay Later products highlights the fact that young people predominantly use these products responsibly and that they see them as a legitimate way for those on low incomes to manage the increasing cost of living. It does however also draw attention to the precarious financial situation for many young people and how a sudden reduction in income can quickly lead to a young person finding themselves in a difficult debt situation. Young people tell us that they want more opportunities for financial literacy education. This report shows that this kind of education could be particularly beneficial to younger ages or those in vulnerable financial situations.
[2021] Young Renters Report
Posted on Policy Papers and Submissions by Youth Action · July 06, 2021 9:54 AM
Young Renters: We hear you!
Key findings from the young renter survey and roundtables.
A report by the Tenants' Union of NSW and
Youth Action.
[2021] Job Security
Posted on Policy Papers and Submissions by Youth Action · April 21, 2021 5:00 PM
Youth Action welcomes this opportunity to make a submission to the Select Committee on Job Security Inquiry. We are calling on the government to mitigate the impact of insecure and precarious employment upon young people. While young people see opportunity within the tech-driven on-demand and gig economies, they also expect job opportunities that are reliable and provide decent working conditions. Security is increasingly important as Australia recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Young people's voices and lived experience should be central to government approaches to job security and young people are eager to participate in decision-making processes impacting them. Youth Action encourages the government to consult young people in an ongoing and meaningful manner on these issues.
[2021] Coercive Control
Youth Action welcomes the opportunity to make this submission to the Joint Select Committee on Coercive Control for their inquiry into coercive control in domestic relationships. Youth Action refers the Committee to the submissions of Women's Safety NSW and Domestic Violence NSW, whom we support, regarding the introduction of a Coercive Control offence here in NSW. In making recommendations for change on behalf of young people, Youth Action's submission focuses upon young people's experience of Coercive Control and the non-legislative responses which should occur prior to, oralongside, the creation of a Coercive Control offence.
[2021] Inquiry into Child Protection and Social Services
Youth Action welcomes the invitation to provide a submission to the inquiry into the child protection and social services system (the System). We have welcomed the changes made as a result of various government's increased focus on evidence based and trauma informed approaches to marginalised young people at risk of, or in contact with the System. However, too many young people still find themselves at a disadvantage.
There are continued calls for greater participation of young people in policy development and service provision. This is despite many reports, inquiries and commissions into the failings of the System recommending significant, system level changes. Youth Action is advocating for a NSW where every young person is valued, engaged and supported. The cornerstone of this objective is improving the decision-making processes in NSW through utilising the diverse range of expertise of both young people and the youth sector as experts in their own lives.
[2020] Inquiry into Assaults on Members of the NSW Police
Youth Action welcomes the invitation to make a submission to the Inquiry into Assaults on Members of the NSW Police Force by the Committee on Law and Safety. NSW Police play an integral role in community safety and have the right to conduct their work without fear of violence. While the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research indicates instances of police assault from young people is low, we believe this inquiry has the potential to strengthen police practices and programs to support positive relations with young people and limit any potential violent behaviour.
[2020] A New Student Behaviour Strategy
This document provides a joint comment on NSW Government's draft Student Behaviour Strategy from Youth Action and Yfoundations. We believe there is a real opportunity to embed young people's voice in the decision-making process, and support further consultation and engagement with students and youth organisations regarding school policies.
[2021] Strengthening Income Support
Posted on Policy Papers and Submissions by Youth Action · March 11, 2021 3:42 PM
Youth Action welcomes the opportunity to respond to the Social Services Legislation Amendment (Strengthening Income Support) Bill 2021. We are calling on the Government to reconsider its announced minimal increased with a meaningful increase that lifts young people out of poverty. The ramifications of a social service system that continues to entrench poverty from a young age will lead to poorer educational, employment and social outcomes for all communities. A meaningful increase in Youth Allowance and JobSeeker will not only support Individuals but lead to stronger communities and empowered young people. This submission is informed by our ongoing advocacy in equity and poverty reduction, joint campaigning efforts with the Raise the Rate for Good campaign, and most significantly by the voices of young people and the services that support them.
Snapshot 2020: NSW Youth Sector
Posted on For Youth Workers by Youth Action · April 17, 2020 11:08 AM
In partnership with the Intergener8 Living Lab at Western Sydney University in late 2019, Youth Action conducted the largest survey of the NSW Youth Sector in a decade. In just around 4 weeks we received responses from 488 respondents. CEOs, executive and regional service managers, team leaders, coordinators, administrators, youth workers and other frontline workers shared their experiences, highlights and challenges working in the youth sector.
It has been almost 10 years since Youth Action collected this level of data from youth services about demand, activities, and priorities, and from people who work with young people in NSW about their experiences, attitudes, and backgrounds. Findings provide crucial information to inform sector reform and policy making, as well as to identify ways to build on the strengths of the youth services sector. We want to thank everyone who completed the survey, which was created for the sector and made possible only by the sector's support.
Snapshot 2020: The State the of NSW Youth Sector launched April 17
Youth Action officially launched the report on April 17, 2020 during a webinar event via Zoom. The findings from Snapshot 2020 highlight a vibrant, diverse and active NSW youth sector. They show it's a sector driven by expertise, with a strengths based focus and a commitment to support and make positive changes in the lives of young people aged 12 to 25. Data shows that this is a workforce motivated to put young people first.
The largest survey of the NSW youth sector in a decade
Download the report here ▼
Stories of the Sector - What is Youth Work?
Last year during the biennial NSW Youth Work Conference we started a storytelling project interviewing youth workers to create a conversation with the sector talking about the challenges, highlights and misconceptions of youth work. Knowing the survey was to be released later in 2019, we intentionally added questions from the survey to our interviews to add to the data and link the findings to visual tangible evidence of lived experience. This is a short preview of many stories of the sector, for the sector. In this video, three case studies from the report, Darrel, Kane and Monique share their experiences to help us understand better what youth work is. Keep an eye on this space.
Publication and Findings
The youth sector workforce is dedicated, skilled and effective at responding to and engaging with young people in crisis on a regular basis. There is scope to significantly leverage digital technologies to enhance youth services and their benefits for young people and their communities. There is also a growing diversity of young people that seek out youth services and a diverse workforce that is well placed to support them.
The youth sector is the greatest untapped resource for the government and the community to understand how best to meet the needs of young people and better address the complex social problems that affect them.
The youth sector puts young people's needs, views, and experience at the heart of what it does and we call on the government and wider community to do the same.
We have developed a pack for your use, which includes the Key Findings from the report as a printable A3 PDF that you can use as a poster or document for meetings, as well as various tiles of the key findings to use for you social channels and communications to help with your advocacy.
Download the pack here ▼
Youth Action would like to thank everyone who participated in the survey.
Also a big thank you to our advisory group who helped guide the study; Siobhan Bryson – Weave Youth and Community Services, Natalie Chiappazzo – BYSA, Maddy Forwood – MYST, Katie Kapp – Wollongong Youth Services, Nada Nasser – Mission Australia and Darrel Smith – Miyay Birray Youth Services.
Our study included case studies of services under the topic areas of Youth Participation, Meeting Community Demand, importance of Diversity within the Workforce, and adapting to digital technology. Thank you to all involved; Darrel Smith, Natalie Chiappazzo, Blake Tatafu, Alex Long, Monique Ready, Kane Alkoraghooli and all involved in the storytelling project who shared their stories with us.
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Ram trucks are known for their quality performance, endless configurations and trim levels, and long-lasting capability. At Hendrick Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM Duluth, we proudly maintain an extensive inventory of Ram trucks for all drivers in Duluth, Atlanta, and the surrounding areas. With endless options to personalize your truck, we can help find the Ram 1500, 2500, or 3500 to complete any job. Learn more about each model and browse our selection online.
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The 2018 model adds in a standard rearview camera for all models and a bevy of new options and feature packages. The Ram 3500 offers several cabin configurations that can be paired with its numerous trim options for a wide range of customizability.


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Q: Cakephp Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end during form submit I need some help on cakephp validation error.
I created register form with model validation multiple rule.
This form work with validation on localhost is good but on online get a error.

Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end
  lib/Cake/Utility/Validation.php on line 140

I am unable to finding error what happen ?

A: It's a parse error
In a file in CakePHP. As such none of your application code is relevant to the problem.
Validation.php is a thousand lines long, the error says it reached the end of the file at line 140. so: It has been modified/truncated. To fix the problem ensure that your Cake folder contains an unmodified copy of whichever release you are using.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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«Союз Т-7» — пилотируемый космический корабль.

Параметры полёта
 Масса аппарата — 6,85 т.
 Наклонение орбиты — 51,6°.
 Период обращения — 90,3 мин.
 Перигей — 289 км.
 Апогей — 299 км.

Экипаж старта
  Командир корабля — Попов, Леонид Иванович (3)
  Бортинженер корабля — Серебров, Александр Александрович (1)
  Космонавт-исследователь корабля — Савицкая, Светлана Евгеньевна (1)

Дублирующий экипаж
  Командир корабля — Васютин, Владимир Владимирович
  Бортинженер корабля — Савиных, Виктор Петрович
  Космонавт-исследователь корабля — Пронина, Ирина Рудольфовна

Экипаж при приземлении
  Командир корабля — Березовой, Анатолий Николаевич
  Бортинженер корабля — Лебедев, Валентин Витальевич

Описание полёта
Вторая экспедиция посещения орбитального научного комплекса «Салют-7» — «Союз Т-5». В это время на станции «Салют-7» находился первый долговременный экипаж: Анатолий Березовой и Валентин Лебедев. Во время пребывания на станции одновременно пяти космонавтов были проведены многие научные эксперименты. Светлана Савицкая, через девятнадцать лет после Валентины Терешковой, становится второй в мире женщиной-космонавтом.

Космонавты Леонид Попов, Александр Серебров и Светлана Савицкая вернулись на Землю 27 августа 1982 года в 15:04 (UTC) на «Союз Т-5». Продолжительность их полёта составила 7 суток 21 час 52 минуты.

Основной экипаж станции «Салют-7» вернулся на Землю на корабле «Союз Т-7» 10 декабря 1982 года.

См. также
 Серия КА «Союз»
 История космонавтики
 Космонавтика

Ссылки
 Космический корабль «Союз Т-7»
 Salyut 7 EP-2
 Полёты космических кораблей «Союз»
 Космические вахты «Союзов»

Пилотируемые космические аппараты
Космические корабли серии «Союз»
1982 год в СССР

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


At a glance guide to best Harare accommodation and rentals for businessmen and travellers.
Outside Harare stay at luxury safari lodges or self contained houses for group getaways.
Easy on line booking system or work our your own quote.


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New Jersey Youth Symphony's Symphonic Dances! Concert
New Jersey Youth Symphony's upcoming concert Symphonic Dances! will be held at the Patriots Theater at the War Memorial in Trenton on Sunday, October 30 at 4:00 p.m. and features…
Another Side of Rachmaninoff
Host George Marriner Maull, as a 9-year-old boy soprano, discovered another side of composer Sergei Rachmaninoff. He had listened to his mother play a number of his solo piano works…
Rachmaninoff – Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor, Op. 30.
Saturday, January 30, 2021 7-8pm. NJPAC Virtual Lecture. Free on Zoom. Featuring Maestro George Marriner Maull.
A Belated Valentine
The creation of emotional tension and the release of it is a common aesthetic goal among all composers of wordless, abstract music. The moment of greatest emotional intensity in a…
Gentle Goodbyes
The first and final movements of many symphonies and concertos end with a bang! "Send them home on a high note!" But that is not universally the case. George Marriner…
Host George Marriner Maull uses Claude Debussy's La Mer, Movement 2, to illustrate a favorite concept of composer Sergei Rachmaninoff. Rachmaninoff believed that every movement of music had a moment…


Calvary offers Sunday morning life groups and evening life groups. With a few exceptions, these groups meet year-round. Unless otherwise noted, all small groups offer childcare for birth - 3rd grade. Sunday morning life groups occur at 9:00 and 10:30 a.m. and offer the most variety and options. Evening life groups (Currently meeting on Wednesdays and Sundays) occur in homes or on the church campus. Some of these do not meet during the summer. All these groups are designed for people to connect and experience community with others of like interests and/or life stage and have a Bible study.
These meet on Sundays at 5:00 pm at the church. They focus on mastering a skill, a subject, or book of the Bible and are short term lasting 8-152 weeks during fall, winter, and spring.
*College students have their own separate life groups on Sunday mornings.
Check out our Life Groups here.


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HomeClassic TVThe Weekly PlayThe Wednesday Play: Absolute Hell (1991)
The Wednesday Play: Absolute Hell (1991)
5th March 2014 Rob Buckley The Weekly Play, UK TV Post a comment
Bad reviews and low audience turnouts can really shake a playwright's nerves. Case in point: Rodney Ackland.
Ackland's The Pink Room/The Escapists was the playwright's first large-cast drama, following a series of musical collaborations during the 1940s. First performed in Brighton and then at the Lyric Hammersmith in 1952, the play was set in Soho right after World War 2 and had a cast of characters including gay men, lesbians, party girls, drunks and drag queens that pushed stage 'morality' at the time to its limits.
Unsurprisingly, it got a severe critical panning and the play's financier – no lesser a person than Terence Rattigan – is alleged to have never wanted to see Ackland again.
As a result, for 40 years, apart from one further play and an adaptation, that was it from Ackland. However, in the 1980s, when permissiveness was greater and while suffering from leukaemia, Ackland decided to rewrite the play, retitling it Absolute Hell in the process. And in 1988, it was performed in Richmond at the Orange Tree to some success – a little too late for Ackland.
In 1991, just a few months before Ackland's death, Anthony Page adapted it for the BBC. Starring Judi Dench, Bill Nighy, Ronald Pickup, Francesca Annis, Charles Gray, Nathaniel Parker, Ray Winstone and many others, Absolute Hell is thoroughly enjoyable, if only to see the great and the good gaying it up for all they're worth.
What TV's on at the BFI in April 2014
Mini-review: Mixology 1×1-1×2 (ABC)


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Фло́ренс Тёрнер (; ) — американская актриса театра и кино, менее известна как кинопродюсер и сценаристка. Одна из первых женщин в истории, которую стали называть «кинозвездой».

Биография
Флоренс Тёрнер родилась 6 января 1885 года в Нью-Йорке. Её мать, Франсис Тёрнер (1856—1944), была актрисой театра и желала дочери такой же карьеры, поэтому с трёх лет девочка начала выступать на сцене. В 1906 году подписала контракт с киностудией Vitagraph, став гардеробщицей и кассиршей, но уже со следующего года начала регулярно в их фильмах. Жалованье актрисы в начале кинокарьеры составило 22 доллара (около 600 долларов в ценах 2021 года) в неделю. Первые годы Тёрнер была очень востребована и популярна, но вскоре на экране начали появляться новые звёзды: Джин Гонтье и Марин Саис с киностудии Kalem; Марион Леонард и Мэри Пикфорд (); Флоренс Лоуренс (Biograph Studios и ), поэтому в марте или апреле 1913 года она вместе со своим давним другом, режиссёром, сценаристом и дрессировщиком собак, Лоуренсом Тримблом, уплыла в Англию в поисках успеха и признания. Там они дуэтом стали выступать в лондонских мюзик-холлах. В 1914 году она открыла собственную кинокомпанию Turner Films, которая просуществовала около года, выпустив за это время около тридцати короткометражных лент.

Во время Первой мировой войны давала представления для развлечения солдат. Во время перемирия смогла вернуться в США, продолжила сниматься, но популярность она уже заметно потеряла. В 1920 году вернулась в Англию, где за четыре года снялась примерно в десятке картин, а в 1924 году снова уплыла на родину, перебравшись в Голливуд. До 1943 года нечасто снималась во второстепенных и эпизодических ролях без слов, так как голос актрисы оказался неподходящим для звукового кино — эти роли давала ей киностудия Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer в знак признания прошлых заслуг, чтобы Тёрнер имела хоть немного денег.

Флоренс Тёрнер скончалась 28 августа 1946 года в  в Вудленд-Хиллз (Лос-Анджелес), практически всеми забытая. Тело актрисы было кремировано в крематории Часовни сосен.

«Флоренс Тёрнер была оригинальной невинной героиней, энергичной и находчивой, но все ещё чистой и девственной, которая брала пример с  и Элинор Портер, и установила стиль для Мэри Пикфорд, Бланш Свит и десятков других актрис позже». — , «Искусство американских фильмов» (1973), стр. 8.

Карьера
С трёх лет выступала на сценах варьете.

С 1907 по 1933 год снялась в 194 кинофильмах. В 1936 и 1943 годах появилась ещё в трёх лентах в эпизодических ролях без указания в титрах. В 13 из этих 197 случаев Тёрнер не была указана в титрах, в основном это относится к её ролям 1930-х годов. 136 из 197 картин, в которых она снялась, были короткометражными (в том числе все, за единичными исключениями, с 1907 по 1914 год).

С 1912 по 1915 год выступила сценаристкой к десяти лентам (восемь из них были короткометражными), в 1924 году также стала сценаристкой короткометражной картины Film Favourites.

С 1913 по 1916 год выступила продюсером к восемнадцати фильмам (девять из них были короткометражными).

В 1919 году единственный раз выступила как кинорежиссёр — короткометражная картина Oh, It's E.Z.

Избранная фильмография

Актриса
В титрах указана
 1908 —  / The Merchant of Venice — Джессика (к/м)
 1908 — Макбет / Macbeth — гостья на банкете
 1909 —  / A Midsummer Night's Dream — Титания
 1910 —  / Twelfth Night —  (к/м)
 1914 — ? / Daisy Doodad's Dial — Дейзи Дудэд
 1915 —  / My Old Dutch — Сэл Грей
 1915 —  / Far from the Madding Crowd — Вирсавия Эвердин
 1916 —  / East Is East — Виктория Викерс
 1919 —  / Fool's Gold — Констанс Харви
 1920 —  / The Brand of Lopez — Лола Кастильо
 1925 —  / Never the Twain Shall Meet — Джулия
 1925 —  / The Dark Angel — Роума
 1927 — Колледж / College — мать
 1927 —  / The Chinese Parrot — миссис Филлмор
 1928 — ? / The Pace That Kills — миссис Брэдли

В титрах не указана
 1924 —  / Janice Meredith — служанка
 1928 —  / Walking Back — миссис Шуйлер
 1929 — Железная маска / The Iron Mask — аббатиса
 1930 —  / King of Jazz — актриса
 1932 — Знак креста / The Sign of the Cross — христианка
 1932 — Животное царство — массовка
 1936 —  / One Rainy Afternoon — массовка
 1943 —  / Thousands Cheer — мать на вокзале

Продюсер
 1914 — ? / Daisy Doodad's Dial
 1915 —  / My Old Dutch
 1915 —  / Far from the Madding Crowd
 1916 —  / East Is East

Сценаристка
 1914 — ? / Daisy Doodad's Dial

См. также

Примечания

Ссылки
 Чарли Кейл, Джон Барроус. Флоренс Тёрнер на сайте wfpp.columbia.edu
 Флоренс Тёрнер на сайте virtual-history.com

Киноактрисы США
Женщины-режиссёры США


text:
Naglums socken i Västergötland ingick i Väne härad, uppgick 1887 i Vassända-Naglums socken och området är sedan 1971 en del av Trollhättans kommun och Vänersborgs kommun, från 2016 inom Vänersborgs distrikt och Trollhättans distrikt.

Socknens areal var cirka 70 kvadratkilometer.  År 1886 fanns här 2 002 invånare. Den del av Trollhättans församling som ligger väster om Göta älv, samt södra delen av Vänersborgs församling med Grunnebo, Båberg, Onsjö säteri jämte stadsdelarna Restad, Mariedal, Kassaretorpet och Önafors, samt sockenkyrkan Vassända-Naglums kyrka ligger i socknen.

Administrativ historik
Naglums socken har medeltida ursprung.

Vid kommunreformen 1862 övergick socknens ansvar för de kyrkliga frågorna till Naglums församling och för de borgerliga frågorna bildades tillsamman med Vassända socken den gemensamma Vassända-Naglums landskommun. Enligt Kungligt brev av den 29 juli 1887 slogs så jordebokssocknarna samman. Församlingen uppgick 1888 i Vassända-Naglums församling.

Socknen har tillhört län, fögderier, tingslag och domsagor enligt vad som beskrivs i artikeln Väne härad. De indelta soldaterna tillhörde Västgöta-Dals regemente, Väne kompani.

Geografi och natur

Naglums socken ligger närmast söder och sydväst om Vänersborg med Örsjön och Bohuslän i sydväst och Göta älv i öster. Socknen har odlingsbygd vid vattendragen och är i övrigt en kuperad skogsbygd med mossbygder i väster.

Det finns två kommunala naturreservat i socknen: Åkerström som delas med Hjärtums socken i Lilla Edet samt Älvrummet. Största insjö är Öresjö som delas med Hjärtums socken i Lilla Edets kommun.

Sätesgårdar var Onsjö herrgård och det tidigare landshövdingebostället Restads kungsladugård, vars mangårdsbyggnad revs för att ge plats åt Restads sjukhus.

Naglums kyrka
Av Naglums stenkyrka, som byggdes på 1300-talet och var intakt till 1840-talet, finns idag bara kvar som en ruin på västra sidan av Göta älv. Vid en utgrävning 1943 fann man mynt från 1300-talet. De flesta mynten var slagna i Lödöse. Närmast på bilden är torngrunden som kom till först på 1720-talet.

Vänersborgs första borgmästare Hans (Henrik) Belfrage (född 19 januari 1614 i Skottland, död 13 november 1688 i Naglum) begravdes i ett gravkor längst bort på vänster sida av långhuset där en minnestavla över honom är rest. Den ursprungliga gravstenen över honom och hans båda fruar finns numera i Vänersborgs kyrkas vapenhus. Släkten Belfrage var i flera generationer bosatt i Forstena, Västra Tunhems socken, som ligger på andra sidan älven.

Befolkningsutveckling
Befolkningen ökade från 1 375 1810 till 2 051 1880 innan socknen 1887 slogs samman med Vassända socken.

Namnet
Namnet Naglum skrevs 1334 Nafleem och kommer från en nu försvunnen kyrkby. Namnet innehåller navle, 'något framskjutande terrängparti' och hem, 'hemvist; gård'

Se även
 Naglums församling

Referenser

Noter

Externa länkar

Naglums socken i Historiskt-geografiskt och statistiskt lexikon öfver Sverige i 7 band, Stockholm 1856-1870

Indelningar i Vänersborgs kommun
Socknar i Väne härad


The harlequin was a physically agile, clown-like character who performed in the Commedia dell'Arte (the first truly professional form of theater in Italy). He wore elongated diamond pattern tights. This pattern would later adorn his entire costume, and is now referred to as the Harlequin Pattern.