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And Things Get Weird: Red Sox Games 145-147
By Jon Couture | Published: September 17, 2012 | Leave a comment
As you may have gathered, I took a weekend off from the Red Sox. For the first time this year, I went through a full series without seeing so much as an at-bat or two, meaning I missed Boston actually being eliminated from the postseason after going to the trouble of making all these graphics.
Out three years running. Though not usually before Kansas City's eliminated.
On a review, it does not appear I missed terribly much of note outside of Bobby Valentine's continued attempts to stand out from the mire. (More on that in a moment.) The team that couldn't do much playing spoiler against the Yankees had a chance to get out of last place with a sweep … and came closer than you probably thought they would have. (The back-to-back wins were their first in September.)
Toronto wins the season series, 11-7. Let's give the capper a quick rundown.
Friday's 8-5 Victory: Box / Condensed / RedSox.com / Toronto Star
Bobby Valentine, asked if he could use more callups on his roster: "Are you kidding … this is the weakest roster we've ever had in September in the history of baseball … it could use help everywhere."
Valentine clarified his comment later in the weekend: "That wasn't meant to be a criticism of any players or anything in the organization. It was just a statement of fact because of the injuries and our Triple-A team in the playoffs. This is different. … Usually a September roster has some starting pitchers who are waiting in the wings. Ours doesn't. Usually a September roster has left-handed pinch-hitter types or pinch runners, or five or six outfielders. We have four outfielders. … If you thought that to be anything other than a statement of what it was, stand corrected on that."
He is correct on that front, though his original statement was a touch inflammatory, I'd like to think he'd admit. Of course, he warned us about such statements in the spring …
Daniel Nava, whose diving catch in the bottom of the eighth kept the game tied; the Sox scored three in the ninth to win, led by Mauro Gomez's two-run triple: "Off the bat, I thought it was in the gap, so I was heading that way. It kind of came back. I think instincts took over. I didn't think I was going to have to dive for it, it just happened. … It worked out, and it meant a lot to keep that guy from scoring."
Daisuke Matsuzaka, who failed to complete the sixth and allowed three runs in the third via three walks, two wild pitches, a hit batter and a groundout: "That inning the problem was just getting my arm through too much. There was something small that was off in my mechanics and I wasn't able to make that adjustment. From there I was able to settle down and not worry as much about how I was using my arm and balanced my mechanics and that yielded better results." (Globe)
Saturday's 3-2 Victory: Box / Condensed / RedSox.com / Toronto Star
Valentine on Pedro Ciriaco, who doubled home Jarrod Saltalamacchia in the ninth for the winning run: "His at-bats are as good as anyone on the team. Everyone knows he can hit a fastball, and he hits a 2-1 breaking ball. … He's a good player."
Sunday's 5-0 Loss: Box / Condensed / RedSox.com / Toronto Star
Toronto's Omar Vizquel on Jon Lester; Vizquel had two hits, including an RBI single to score the game's first run, pulling within one of Babe Ruth on the all-time hit list with 2,872: "He was dominating today. We got very few opportunities. I came up (in the seventh) when I was supposed to bunt and I didn't get it, so it was a good win for our team."
Lester, who allowed four hits, three runs and a walk in seven innings: "Best I've thrown all year. … The adjustments we made after the All-Star break, I've got to keep looking at those positives and just keep plugging away."
Daniel Bard, who gave up two hits and a walk in six pitches to start the eighth; the Jays tacked on two more runs in the frame: "It's frustrating to come out and do that after I've been sitting for a week. I'm out there trying; it just didn't happen how I planned it." (ProJo)
Valentine, explaining the odd decision to pinch-hit for Jose Iglesias in the middle of an at-bat in the seventh; with the game scoreless and two out, Ciriaco stole second base, prompting Valentine to replace Iglesias with Daniel Nava, who took over a 2-2 count and promptly grounded out: "Just trying to get a run for Jon, obviously. I told Daniel, if we steal second, you got it. Otherwise, I was all set to play defense in a nothing-nothing game. Once a guy gets to second base, I figured take a shot on a base hit. … It's not about one guy. It's about a whole group of guys. … I was pinch hit for with the bases loaded and a 3-2 count. It didn't ruin my confidence. I think he'll get over it. … It's not kindergarten here. If you don't think it was a good decision, so what. I think it was the right thing to do trying to win a game for a guy who's busting his butt out there." (WEEI.com)
The ProJo's Tim Britton clearly didn't. Above and beyond the lunacy of throwing a pinch-hitter up there already in a two-strike hole, he makes it plain.
"If Boston were a game out in a pennant chase, it would have been unorthodox but justifiable. Boston is not a game out in a pennant chase. … Sunday's decision throws a spotlight on the bind in which the Red Sox find themselves with Valentine still at their helm. What is best for Bobby Valentine and what is best for the Boston Red Sox have become two distinct entities."
"In Seattle at the start of the month, general manager Ben Cherington outlined the organization's outlook as follows: '[The record is] not the right way to evaluate what's going on. It's the work that gets done.' … For Valentine, though, games and wins still matter. Any day he doesn't lose leaves him one step further from captaining the worst Red Sox season in x-number of years. On Sunday, as it has throughout various points over the past six weeks, that desire conflicted with what was best for the organization. Iglesias has been the shortstop of the future for three years now, and it's about time the Red Sox got a read on whether he can be the shortstop of the present. More than three weeks since being promoted in the middle of a hot streak from Pawtucket, Boston has learned exactly nothing about Iglesias at the major-league level."
Iglesias is 2-for-28 in 12 games this season, though that needs a caveat: He has started back-to-back games just twice, and here's what happened playing-time wise following his only two hits of the year.
Sept. 4 at Seattle: Hits fifth-inning double, goes 1-for-4.
Sept. 5 at Seattle: Did not play.
Sept. 6: Red Sox off day.
Sept. 7 vs. Toronto: Did not play.
Sept. 8 vs. Toronto: Hits eighth-inning single, goes 1-for-3.
Sept. 10: Red Sox off day.
Sept. 11 vs. New York: Did not play.
Sept. 12 vs. New York: Pinch-hit for with two on, one out in seventh.
Sept. 13 vs. New York: Defensive replacement in ninth.
Nothing like building that rhythm.
Britton hits the nail on the head. Dustin Pedroia made his MLB debut on Aug. 22, 2006, playing the vast majority of Game No. 125. (He was pinch-hit for to start the ninth in a game the Sox trailed by one, FWIW.) How many of that year's final 38 games do you think he played? Try 31, piling up 98 plate apperances despite hitting just .191. More than that, how often early in the 2007 season did we hear how important it was that Pedroia play, even when Alex Cora was hitting the cover off the ball?
In the 21 games starting from Pedroia's first in-game appearance, he got 48 plate appearances and made 13 starts. Sunday was the 21st game since Iglesias debuted this season. He's got 33 plate appearances and 10 starts — closer than I thought, but I suspect the difference will be growing, not shrinking.
Francona got it. Valentine just doesn't. But on the plus side, Bobby got to mention he was once pinch-hit for with a 3-2 count. (The big brains at Baseball Think Factory started trying to verify it happening and have yet to succeed, though if it happened in the minors, all bets are off.)
YES analyst Al Leiter on Valentine, his former manager in New York: "Cities like Boston, New York, Philadelphia, that have a number of media outlets, it probably would be better to have someone who a) knows what they're doing as a manager but b) is less inclined to put their foot in their mouth. We can brainstorm on the most benign media coverage of a major sport. I'm sure managers and coaches in those cities can say a lot of dumb stuff and it barely gets to ESPN. [In these cities], it becomes a big deal because people are passionate." (WEEI.com)
Mark Ive, general manager of the Marriott hotel located inside the Rogers Centre — formally called the Renaissance Downtown Toronto Hotel — on why his property is basically bereft of anything decor wise that capitalizes on its uniqueness: "You've got to remember it's 81 home games — that's 81 days out of 365. … The Renaissance brand, within the Marriott group of 18 brands, is really the style brand. So (redesigning with a baseball concept) would kind of run contrary to the theming and decor of the hotel." (Toronto Star)
An interesting read from the local paper up there, who had a reporter watch Sunday's game from one of the 70 hotel rooms that overlook the field. (Complete with depressing photo of 45,000 empty blue seats … man, has that place aged quick.) As illogical as the GM's stance above is, the story cites "branding aside, what the hotel classifies as baseball-related revenue — including food and drink sales during games — amounts to just 6 percent of total revenue."
I guess that's why he runs a hotel and I blog about how I'd run a hotel one day per year. (Give or take.)
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Justia Patents US Patent for Security device and method Patent (Patent # 6,986,057)
Security device and method
Aug 22, 2000 - Dallas Semiconductor Corporation
A security device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the security device includes a memory device comprising having a first memory portion configured to store a device ID; and a second memory portion configured to store a device secret. The security device further includes a processor connected to the memory device wherein the processor is configured to read the stored device ID from the first memory portion and the stored device secret from the second memory portion and perform a nonreversible computation using the stored device ID, the stored device secret, and a challenge as seeds. Additionally, the security device includes a communication circuit connected to the processor, the communication circuit configured to receive the challenge from a host device and to communicate a result of the nonreversible computation performed by the processor.
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Priority is hereby claimed from Provisional Application No. 60/223,467, entitled AUTOMATIC INFORMATION VERIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD, filed on Aug. 7, 2000. This Provisional Application is incorporated by reference.
RELATED APPLICATIONS/PATENTS
The following commonly owned and assigned United States patents are incorporated by reference:
5,306,961 Low-power integrated circuit with selectable battery modes 5,679,944 Potable electronic module having EPROM memory, systems and processes 5,764,888 Electronic micro identification circuit that is inherently bonded to someone or something 5,831,827 Token shaped module for housing an electronic circuit 5,832,207 Secure module with microprocessor and co-processor 5,940,510 Transfer of valuable information between a secure module and another module 5,949,880 Transfer of valuable information between a secure module and another module 5,978,927 Method and system for measuring a maximum and minimum response time of a plurality of devices on a data bus and adapting the timing of read and write time slots 5,994,770 Portable electronic data carrier 5,998,858 Microcircuit with memory that is protected by both hardware and software 6,016,255 Portable data carrier mounting system
The present invention relates to automatic information systems and methods and in particular, but not by way of limitation, to systems and methods for positively identifying a device/user and verifying the integrity of relevant data associated with the device/user.
With the public's ever increasing reliance upon electronic data, the integrity of that data is becoming extremely critical. Many present day systems attempt to guarantee the integrity of such data through encryption and complicated monitoring means. Although these systems are generally effective, they are often expensive and unnecessary in that they consume too much energy and/or use too many processor cycles. Additionally, those systems that include encryption technology often face export restrictions that delay or prevent the widespread proliferation of a developed technology.
For many applications, the secrecy of the data may not be as important as the integrity of the data or may not be important at all. That is, in some situations the data can be known to the public but should not be alterable by the public. For example, the fact that $10 is stored on a transit card is not important. The public can know this fact without any harm. However, significant harm will occur if the transit card is fraudulently changed to show a value of $100 dollars rather than $10.
Accordingly, a device and method are needed that store electronic data, guarantee the integrity of that electronic data, and guarantee the integrity of any changes to that electronic data in an efficient manner. Additionally, a device and method are needed for overcoming the other problems presently associated with securely storing and transmitting electronic data.
Various objects and advantages and a more complete understanding of the present invention are apparent and more readily appreciated by reference to the following Detailed Description and to the appended claims when taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates one implementation of the present invention that utilizes a roaming security device;
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate two different form factors into which a security device can be incorporated;
FIG. 3A is a schematic of the components of a roaming security device;
FIG. 3B illustrates one embodiment of the memory component of the roaming security device shown in FIG. 3A;
FIG. 3C illustrates one embodiment of the data page portion of the memory component shown in FIG. 3B;
FIG. 3D illustrates one embodiment of the device secrets portion of the memory component shown in FIG. 3B;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of the components of a coprocessor security device;
FIG. 5 illustrates a roaming security device and a coprocessor security device incorporated into a printer and printer cartridge;
FIG. 6A is a flowchart demonstrating a transaction between a roaming security device and a coprocessor security device;
FIG. 6B is a flowchart demonstrating in more detail the method of security device authentication shown in FIG. 6A;
FIG. 6C is a flowchart demonstrating in more detail the method of verifying the completion of the transaction illustrated in FIG. 6A;
FIG. 6D is a flowchart demonstrating a method of generating a hash result used, for example, in the transaction illustrated in FIG. 6A;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart demonstrating a method of verifying the identity of a user to a security device; and
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a device for computing a SHA-1 computation.
Although the present invention is open to various modifications and alternative constructions, a preferred exemplary embodiment that is shown in the drawings is described herein in detail. It is to be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the particular forms and/or step sequences disclosed. One skilled in the art can recognize that there are numerous modifications, equivalences and alternative constructions that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the claims.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated an overview of one implementation of the present invention that utilizes a roaming security device 105. The roaming security device 105 can be associated with a person (e.g., key chain, ID card, jewelry, etc.) or a device (e.g., furniture, printer, printer cartridge, etc.) and can be configured to securely store data. Additionally, the roaming security device can be configured to securely interface with a reader 110, which can be for example, at or in a host device 115 such as a vending machine, toll booth, printer, computer system, security door, etc.
Because the roaming security device 105 can carry valuable data such as monetary value, it is important that any data transferred between the roaming security device 105 and the host device 115 be protected against alterations. In one embodiment, the data is encrypted prior to transfer between the roaming security device 105 and the host device 115. In the preferred embodiment, however, the data is used (along with secret data known only to the roaming security device 105 and the coprocessor security device 120) to seed a nonreversible algorithm, such as the SHA-1 algorithm. (In this context, a nonreversible algorithm is intended to refer to an algorithm that produces a result, wherein the input to the algorithm is extremely difficult or impossible to determine from the result.) The result of this algorithm is sent along with the associated data—but not the secret—from the roaming security device 105 to the coprocessor security device 120. The coprocessor security device 120, which may or may not be the same type of device as the remote security device 105, can then perform the same hashing algorithm using the received data and the locally stored secret. If the result computed by the coprocessor security device 120 matches the result computed by the roaming security device 105, then the roaming security device 105 is likely legitimate and the data contained therein valid.
As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the host device 115 can take the form of most any device both portable and stationary. Additionally, the reader within the host device 115 can operate in a variety of ways to read data from the roaming security device 105 including, but not limited to, direct contact transfer, proximity transfer, and single wire protocol transfers.
Furthermore, in one embodiment, the host device 115 is connected through a network 125, or otherwise, to a main computer 130. This main computer 130 can collect transaction information or monitor the host device 115. To guarantee the integrity of data transferred between the host device 115 and the main computer 130, a security device 135 can be incorporated into the main computer 130. The coprocessor security device 120, in this embodiment, acts like a roaming security device in its interaction with the host computer's security device 135.
Referring now to FIGS. 2A and 2B, there are illustrated two of the different form factors into which a security device can be incorporated. FIG. 2A, for example, illustrates a token form factor 200 for a security device. This form factor consists of a sealed metal housing 205 that encases a printed circuit board (PCB) 210 and a battery 215. (This form factor is based upon Dallas Semiconductor's I-button and is described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,770 titled Portable Electronic Data Carrier.) Any attempt to access the circuitry on the PCB 210 will likely result in the destruction of any data stored thereon. FIG. 2B, on the other hand, illustrates a security device incorporated into a card 220 such as a credit/ATM card. One skilled in the art, however, can readily recognize that the security device can be incorporated into other form factors and, moreover, that a single system can utilize more than one form factor. For example, the roaming security device 105 shown in FIG. 1 could be in a card form factor, and the coprocessor security device 120 could be in a token form factor. Further, a simple mounting of the device as a circuit board can be done in lower risk situations.
Referring now to FIG. 3A, there is illustrated a schematic of the components of a roaming security device 300 such as roaming security device 105 shown in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the roaming security device 300 includes a processor 302 connected both to a memory component 304 and to communication circuitry 306. The processor 302 is configured to perform a variety of transactions including hash and/or encryption computations. Additionally, the memory component is configured to store transaction data, device ID numbers, device secrets, and other information and to provide at least part of that data to the processor 302 for any computations. In one embodiment, the memory also is connected to tamper detector circuitry 308 that can destroy the contents of the memory component 304 if it is probed or otherwise accessed in an unauthorized way. Moreover, in the preferred embodiment, the memory component 304 is a nonvolatile, unalterable memory component, such as a lasered memory.
Referring now to FIG. 3B, there is illustrated one embodiment of the memory component 304 shown in FIG. 3A. The memory component 304 can consist of volatile and/or nonvolatile portions. The nonvolatile portions, which can be lasered for example, can store a device ID 310 including at least one of a unique serial number, a device type identifier, a device model, etc. Other portions of the memory component can be divided to store data pages, device secrets, write counters, passwords, and/or a scratchpad.
The data page portion 312 of the memory, for example, can be configured as a single data page or as multiple data pages (shown in FIG. 3C as data pages 0–6). These data pages can store a variety of information including monetary balances, copy counts, expiration data, trip data, security clearances, access information, inventory IDs, etc. Additionally, if the memory is divided into multiple data pages, each data page can be associated with a different service provider. That is, company A can use a first data page and company B can use a second data page.
Similarly, the device secret portion 314 of the memory component 304 can be divided to store one or more secrets for each service provider such that the various service providers are not forced to share their secrets with each other. For example, FIG. 3D illustrates the device secret portion 314 of the memory component 304 wherein it is configured to store seven different secrets. Each secret can correspond to a particular data page (shown in FIG. 3C) and to a particular service provider. Further, the device secrets stored in the various secret portions can be complete or partial. When partial secrets are used, each piece of the secret can be loaded by a different person at a different time so that the entire secret is never known by any one person and is never known outside the security device. After the first partial secret is loaded, each subsequent partial secret is combined, through, for example, a SHA-1 computation, with the previously computed secret to thereby form a new secret. For example, assume that two partial secrets are used in a roaming security device. The first secret would be loaded and stored at a location such as Secret 3 shown in FIG. 3D. Next, the second partial secret could be loaded. The second partial secret and the first partial secret are used to seed a non-reversible algorithm. The result of this algorithm is stored in location Secret 3 as the master secret. This result can then be used in combination with a unique device identifier to seed a nonreversible algorithm—the output of which is the device secret and is stored in the location Secret 3.
Referring again to the memory component 304 illustrated in FIG. 3B, it can also include write counters 316. These write counters 316 are tamper proof counters that are incremented each time that a data page is altered or each time that a device secret is changed. In one embodiment, individual counters are associated with each data page and each secret. Similarly, individual passwords 318 can be stored for each service provider (i.e., passwords can be associated with each data page). These passwords can be preloaded and stored in nonvolatile memory or alternately loaded by the user and stored in either nonvolatile or volatile memory.
Still referring to FIG. 3B, the memory component 304 also can include a scratchpad memory 320. One scratchpad memory 320 that could be used is described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,961, Low-power integrated circuit with selectable battery modes, which is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, however, the scratchpad memory 320 is used to guarantee that transactions between security devices are performed in an atomic fashion, thereby preventing incomplete transactions from being recorded.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a schematic of the components of a coprocessor security device 400 such as coprocessor security device 120. This embodiment of the security device is very similar to the roaming security device shown in FIG. 3. By designing the coprocessor security device and the roaming security device similarly, substantial cost savings can be realized. For example, the coprocessor security device 400 includes a processor 402, a memory 404, communication circuitry 406, and a tamper detector 408. One skilled in the art, however, can understand that the coprocessor security device 400 can take on various forms and could include more or less components than are illustrated and described herein while still performing substantially the same.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is illustrated a roaming security device and a coprocessor security device as they could be incorporated into a printer 505 and a printer cartridge 510. By incorporating the security devices into both the printer 505 and the printer cartridge 510, the printer 505 can verify that the printer cartridge 510 being used in the printer 505 is of the proper type, brand, age, etc. For example, the printer cartridge 510 can be secured to the cartridge bracket 515 so that the cartridge security device 525 contacts the printer security device 520. The printer security device 520 can periodically check to see if the cartridge security device 525 knows the proper secret. That is, the printer security device 520 can verify that the printer cartridge 510 is of the proper specifications. If the printer security device 520 determines that the printer cartridge 510 is not of the proper specifications, then the printer 505 may be disabled until a proper printer cartridge having the proper authentication is installed.
In one embodiment, the printer security device 520 increments a counter in the cartridge security device 525 each time that the printer prints a page (or other measurement). Alternatively, the printer security device 520 writes a page count to the cartridge security device 525 every time that a page is printed. The cartridge security device 525 may also store a maximum page count (i.e., the maximum number of pages that the print cartridge 510 can print). Once the page count counter in the cartridge security device equals or exceeds the maximum page count, the printer 505 can be disabled until a new properly authenticated printer cartridge is installed.
Referring now to FIG. 6A, there is illustrated a flowchart demonstrating a transaction between a roaming security device (e.g., the cartridge security device 525) and a coprocessor security device (e.g., the printer security device 520). In this embodiment, the coprocessor security device initially authenticates the roaming security device's identity (step 602). Next (although sequence is not necessarily important), the coprocessor security device—although not always necessary—can authenticate the integrity of the data stored in the roaming security device (step 604). In some embodiments, the roaming security device can also authenticate the coprocessor security device before allowing the coprocessor security device to write data to the roaming security device.
Next, the coprocessor security device computes new data based upon the transaction (step 608). For example, the coprocessor security device may deduct the fee for a snack from the monetary amount stored on the roaming security device. (This computation alternatively can be done in the roaming security device.) The coprocessor security device then generates a Message Authentication Code (MAC) (this particular MAC is referred to as MAC1) using the new data (step 610). MAC1 and the new data are transmitted to the roaming security device (step 612) where the new data is used to generate a second MAC (MAC2) (step 614). The roaming security device then compares MAC1 with MAC2 (step 616). If they match, then the data is stored in the roaming security device (step 618). Otherwise, the transactions can be voided and reexecuted. Assuming that the MACs match the coprocessor verifies that the data was properly written to and stored in the roaming security device (step 620).
Referring now to FIG. 6B, it is a flowchart demonstrating in more detail the method of security device authentication shown in FIG. 6A as step 602. Initially, the coprocessor security device generates and sends a challenge (e.g., a random number) to the roaming security device (step 622). The roaming security device generates a MAC (MAC A) using at least one of the challenge, the roaming security device ID, the device secret associated with the relevant service provider, a counter value, and other relevant data stored locally (step 624). MAC A is then transmitted to the coprocessor security device. At roughly the same time, the coprocessor security device reads the roaming security device ID and the other data from the roaming security device (step 626). This data, in combination with the device secret stored in the coprocessor security device, is used to generate a MAC (MAC B) (step 628). (Note that the device secret is not transferred directly between the security devices and thus never exposed). The coprocessor security device then compares MAC A with MAC B (step 630). If MAC A and MAC B match, then the identity of the roaming device is authenticated. As can be appreciated, however, the method shown in FIG. 6B, can easily be adapted so that the roaming security device can authenticate the coprocessor security device instead of the coprocessor security device authenticating the roaming security device.
Referring now to FIG. 6C, it is a flowchart demonstrating in more detail step 620 shown in FIG. 6A in which the completion of the transaction is verified. In this embodiment, after the coprocessor security device has written the new data to the roaming security device, the coprocessor security device reads back the new data to verify the integrity of the data (step 632). (The roaming security device can also send MAC2 along with the new data to the coprocessor security device. The coprocessor security device can use the MAC2 to detect tampering.) Although the coprocessor security device can read back the data without any security measures, in the preferred embodiment, the coprocessor security device reads back the data and generates a new MAC (MAC3) using the read-back data (step 634). If MAC3 matches the previously generated MAC1, then the data in the roaming security device was properly recorded (step 636). Otherwise, the data may be corrupt, thereby requiring the roaming security device to be deactivated or the transaction to be reexecuted.
In other embodiments, additional data is transferred between the roaming security device and the coprocessor security device. For example, at the completion of a transaction, a write counter in the roaming security device (shown in FIG. 3B) can be incremented and the coprocessor security device can verify that the write counter holds the proper transaction count. Additionally, an identifier associated with the coprocessor security device can be stored at the roaming security device. That is, the roaming security device can store not only the transaction results but also an identifier (e.g., device ID) for the coprocessor security device that conducted the transaction.
In yet another embodiment, the roaming security device can store access information, such as which buildings were accessed using the roaming security device. Alternatively, the coprocessor security device can store information such as who accessed a building. As can be understood by those of skill in the art, both the coprocessor security device and the roaming security device can be configured to store any type of information that would be useful.
Referring now to FIG. 6D, it is a flowchart demonstrating a method of generating a hash result such as MAC A used in the transaction of FIG. 6A. Initially, the coprocessor security device generates and sends a challenge (e.g., a random number) to the roaming security device (step 638). The roaming security device reads at least one of its unique device ID (step 640), the appropriate data page (step 642), secret (step 644), data MAC (step 646), data write counter (step 648), user verification data (step 650), and secret write counter (step 652). This data is then used to seed a nonreversible hashing algorithm such as the SHA-1 algorithm (step 654).
Referring now to FIG. 7, it is a flowchart demonstrating a method of user verification. User verification further increases the security provided by the roaming/coprocessor security devices by requiring that the user as well as the security device be authenticated. In one embodiment, the roaming security device demands that the user authenticate himself by entering a password (step 702). The roaming security device can be prompted to make this demand by a coprocessor security device or any other device.
In response to the demand, the user should enter a password (step 704). Once entered, the password (possibly in an encrypted form or with a MAC) is sent to the roaming security device and verified (step 706). If the password is correct, a bit in the user verification data can be flipped (step 708). If the password is incorrect, another bit can be set to indicate an invalid user (step 710). The roaming security device can incorporate these bits into any generated MAC so that the coprocessor security device can be properly informed of the user's status.
Now referring to FIG. 8, it is a block diagram of a device for computing a SHA-1 computation. This embodiment includes five 32-bit registers 800, (labeled A–E); a barrel shifter 805; a 5-way 32-bit parallel adder 810; a counter 815; a 32-bit-wide logic function generator 820, (referred to as NLF); 16 32-bit memory elements 825, and a input number generator 830.
In operation, registers A–E are initialized and the memory 825 is loaded with the seed. The SHA-1 computation is computed with 80 cycles of shifts and additions. In a typical cycle, for example, the value of register A is shifted to register B, the value of register B is shifted to register C, the value of register C is shifted to register D, the value of register D is shifted to register E, and the output of adder 810 is loaded into register A.
To load a new value into register A every cycle, the adder 810 adds, in parallel, the value of register A, the value of register E, an input from the memory element 825, an input from the input number generator 830, and an input from the NLF 820. (The NLF receives the values of registers B, C, and D and performs a non-linear function thereon to generate the output.)
In conclusion, those skilled in the art can readily recognize that numerous variations and substitutions may be made in the invention, its use and its configuration to achieve substantially the same results as achieved by the embodiments described herein. Accordingly, there is no intention to limit the invention to the disclosed exemplary forms. Many variations, modifications and alternative constructions fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosed invention as expressed in the claims.
1. A method of device authentication, the method comprising:
receiving, at a printer cartridge comprising a roaming device, a challenge from a host printer device;
generating, at the printer cartridge comprising the roaming device, a first nonreversible computation result, wherein the first nonreversible computation result is computed by seeding a first nonreversible algorithm with at least the challenge, and a roaming device secret;
outputting to the host printer device a response to the challenge, wherein the outputted response includes the first nonreversible computation result,
outputting to the host an identification and at least another data item;
generating, at the host printer device a second nonreversible computation result, wherein the second nonreversible computation result is computed by seeding a second nonreversible algorithm with at least a challenge and a host printer device secret;
comparing, by said host printer device, said fast nonreversible computation and said second nonreversible computation in order to authenticate the printer cartridge comprising the roaming device;
allowing said host printer device to print documents if said printer cartridge comprising said roaming device is authenticated.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
enabling said printer cartridge to operate responsive to a positive authentication of the roaming device.
disabling said host printer device responsive to a failure to authenticate the roaming device.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first nonreversible computation result is computed by further seeding the first nonreversible algorithm with a unique device identifier.
5. A host system device and subsystem device combination comprising:
a host security circuit, said host security circuit comprising: at least one locally stored secret, seed data; a host processor for performing a non-reversible device authentication algorithm; and means for reading data from a subsystem device; a roaming security device as part of said subsystem device, said roaming security device comprising: a subsystem processor for performing non-reversible computations; a memory component, connected to said subsystem processor, said memory circuit comprising at least one secret; a communication circuit, connected to said subsystem processor, for communicating with said host security circuit; said subsystem device being removably attached to said host system device, said host system being a printer and being inoperable for printing without being attached to said subsystem device.
6. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said host security circuit sends a challenge to said roaming security device and said roaming security device provides a first response to said challenge, using said at least one secret, to said host security circuit.
7. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 6, wherein said host security circuit reads said first response from said roaming security device and said host security circuit compares said first response with a first result of said non-reversible device authentication algorithm to determine if said first response and said first result match.
8. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said roaming security device authenticates said host security circuit while the host security circuit authenticates said roaming security device.
9. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said subsystem device is a printer cartridge.
10. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said host security circuit periodically checks the authenticity of said roaming security device.
11. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein communication data is encrypted prior to communication between said host system device and said subsystem device.
12. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein an attempt to physically access the circuitry of the roaming security device results in the destruction of data stored in said roaming security device.
13. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said subsystem device further comprises a battery for at least partially powering said roaming security device.
14. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said at least one locally stored secret is never communicated to said subsystem device.
15. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said at least one secret is never communicated to said host device.
16. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said nonreversible device authentication algorithm is a SHA-1 algorithm.
17. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said host security circuit communicates with said subsystem device to authenticate said subsystem device and to determine at least one of whether said subsystem device is the proper type, brand, or age.
18. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 17, wherein said host system is disabled if said subsystem device cannot be authenticated.
19. The host system device and subsystem device combination of claim 5, wherein said subsystem device is a consumable device.
20. A subsystem device comprising:
a replaceable subsystem that operationally completes a host system, said host system being a printer device;
a security device being a part of said replaceable subsystem, said security device comprising: a first memory portion configured to store a device ID; a second memory portion configured to store at least one device secret; a processor connected to said first and second memory portions, the processor configured to read the stored device ID from the first memory portion, the at least one stored device secret from the second memory portion and to perform a nonreversible computation using the device ID, the at least one device secret and a challenge as seeds; and a communication circuit connected to the processor, said communication circuit configured to receive the challenge from a host device and to communicate a result of the nonreversible computation, performed by the processor, back to the host for authentication of said replaceable subsystem.
21. The subsystem device of claim 20, wherein said host device is disabled until a replaceable subsystem is installed and authenticated.
22. The subsystem device of claim 20 wherein said subsystem is a consumable device.
23. The subsystem of claim 20, wherein said subsystem is a printer cartridge.
24. The subsystem of claim 20, wherein said nonreversible computation is a SHA-1 computation.
25. The subsystem of claim 20, wherein said subsystem authenticates said host.
26. The subsystem of claim 20, wherein an attempt to physically access said security device will result in the destruction of said device ID and said at least one device secret.
4471216 September 11, 1984 Herve
4549075 October 22, 1985 Saada et al.
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4961088 October 2, 1990 Gilliland et al.
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5283613 February 1, 1994 Midgley, Sr.
5491540 February 13, 1996 Hirst
5495098 February 27, 1996 Pailles et al.
5699091 December 16, 1997 Bullock et al.
5739511 April 14, 1998 Pedersen
5812156 September 22, 1998 Bullock et al.
5835817 November 10, 1998 Bullock et al.
5907832 May 25, 1999 Pieterse et al.
5917421 June 29, 1999 Saunders
6039430 March 21, 2000 Helterline et al.
6494562 December 17, 2002 Walker et al.
6738903 May 18, 2004 Haines
4138861 October 1992 DE
19523466 March 1997 DE
0 028965 May 1981 EP
0 621570 October 1994 EP
637004 February 1995 EP
WO 90/00974 February 1990 WO
WO 97/22091 June 1997 WO
Bruce Schneier, Applied Cryptography, 1996, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 442-445.
Laurianne McLaughlin, After ElcomSoft: DMCA Still Worries Developers, Reserchers, Mar./Apr. 2003, IEEE, pp. 86-89.
Date of Patent: Jan 10, 2006
Assignee: Dallas Semiconductor Corporation (Dallas, TX)
Inventors: James P. Cusey (McKinney, TX), Hal Kurkowski (Dallas, TX)
Primary Examiner: Gilberto Barrón, Jr.
Assistant Examiner: Benjamin E. Lanier
Attorney: Jenkens & Gilchrist
Current U.S. Class: 713/200; Data Authentication (713/161); Data Processing Protection Using Cryptography (713/189)
International Classification: H04L 9/00 (20060101); H04L 9/32 (20060101); H04K 1/00 (20060101); G06F 11/30 (20060101); G06F 12/14 (20060101);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The number of customers who decide to make a purchase in a given online store depends, to a large extent, on the number of available payment methods. Users have their own needs and expect a possibility to pay in the way they prefer. Given the fact that bank transfers constitute about 90% of the Polish online payments market, this payment channel has to be supported in the most reliable and optimal way. Therefore, in cooperation with all Polish banks, Przelewy24 sets new benchmarks in the field, continually expanding and updating its offer, remaining the technological leader on the electronic payments market.
We offer a unique support method for both Pay-by-Link and wire transfers. When using the Pay-by-Link method, the payment form on the bank website is filled in automatically, whereas in the case of wire transfers, all the information must be entered manually. However, we are the only service in Poland that offers an automated payment process not only for the abovementioned pay-by-link, but also for wire transfers.
The optimization of the purchase process is also an important issue. We strive to make every transaction made via our service easy, intuitive and fast. In order to reduce the number of steps that the user has to make in the purchase process, we provide the possibility of integrating Przelewy24 module directly with an online store. We guarantee our partners the opportunity to personalize the purchase process by customizing the graphics and the functional elements of the module. The selection of banks can be made in our service window or directly from the store's website. In the former case, the partner's logo is featured, which significantly increases customers' trust.
Additionally, we enable wire transfer support on foreign markets, including the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, BiH, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. All the transactions made with the use of Przelewy24 meet the highest security standards.


text:
Brother charged in shooting deaths of teen sisters
Patrick Brennan
pbrennan@enquirer.com
COLERAIN TWP. – A brother has been charged with killing his two sisters and injuring their friend in a shooting in Colerain Township early Wednesday.
Matthew A. Hayden, 21, has been charged with the murder of Sarah and Elizabeth Hayden, and the attempted murder of their friend Joshua Hacker, as the group sat in their parents' minivan in the back of a home at 3455 Banning Road, according to court documents.
The sisters were pronounced dead at the home. Hacker was taken to University of Cincinnati Medical Center and is in stable condition, Colerain Township public information officer Jim Love said.
The victims were all teens. Sarah was 16 and Elizabeth was 17, according to the Hamilton County Coroner's Office. Hacker's exact age is not known.
Hayden surrendered without incident to police shortly after 2:30 a.m., Love said.
Hayden, who used a 9 mm handgun in the shooting, was arrested and charged later in the morning. He faces two counts of murder and one count of attempted murder.
The shooter emptied a magazine and then reloaded, Love said. He said the shooter took "a good number of shots."
There were people in the home at the time but they don't seem to have witnessed the shooting, Love said.
"It's kind of a hodge-podge situation; not clear that this is one congealed family," Love said.
The home is listed as a single-family dwelling owned by Douglas Hayden, in Hamilton County Auditor's records.
Love said many shell casings from different caliber guns were found on the street but they appeared to have been there for a while and it is not clear if they were from the fatal shooting.
"Question is what started this. Is it drug-related, was it an anger situation, is it a relationship situation? Why were they up at 2:30 in the morning, in the backyard? Those questions are all on the table," Love said.
Colerain High School sent an email to parents Wednesday afternoon stating assistance would be offered to students.
"While the victims were not current CHS students, they were teenagers who would be known to some of our current students," the email said.
The school encouraged parents to consider addressing the situation with their children.
Former Colerain High School football coach Steve Schweitzer, 71, whose well-manicured property is across the road from the home where the shooting occurred, said the residents of 3455 Banning are the exception in the diverse and close-knit neighborhood.
"That side of the street is totally different," Schweitzer said. "This is almost like a climax to what, I guess, was going on over there."
Love said the property is known to police as they've made prior runs to the house for unspecified reasons.


text:
Mr. Darcy's Kiss by Krista Lakes
Title: Mr. Darcy's Kiss
Author: Krista Lakes
Rich.
Hot as hell.
Elizabeth Bennett has never appreciated any of these traits in a man. So when Mr. Darcy, billionaire British playboy and GQ's Bachelor of the Year, meets her at a function, she's surprised at how attracted she is to him.
That is until he puts his foot in his big, arrogant mouth.
The slap that she gave him got her thrown out of the biggest fundraiser of the year, but the mark she left on Mr. Darcy won't leave his mind.
The second time that they meet "on accident", he turns up the arrogance even more.
The third time, he tries flowers.
By the fourth time, he's wearing a cup to protect himself.
Mr. Darcy is the last man in the world that Elizabeth could ever be with. However, love makes fools of us all, and the one man that she can't stand is the one man she can't resist.
Can Mr. Darcy's kiss win over the heart of Elizabeth Bennett?
Join New York Times bestselling author Krista Lakes in this modern retelling of Jane Austen's beloved "Pride and Prejudice".
B&N / KOBO / iBOOKS
I kept dancing across the dance floor, moving my hips and having fun. I could see Lydia out of the corner of my eye shaking her booty and having a great time. For once, I wasn't worried about her getting kicked out. She seemed to be behaving herself.
A cute man came up and started dancing with me. He was mid-height with blonde hair and a couple of tattoos peeking out from under his shirtsleeves. I offered my hand, and he spun me into him, putting his hands on my hips and moving with me to the music.
At first, the dance was fun. Cute-guy kept his hands on my hips, pulling me into his body and moving to the music. It was worlds away better than dancing with Collins, but then he started going too far. He grabbed my ass instead of my hips, and he didn't let me go as he thrust his pelvis into me.
I stepped away, no longer enjoying what was going on. I wanted to dance, not to be groped.
"Come on, baby," he said over the music, flashing me what I assumed was his best smile. He was no longer Cute-guy. He was now Cute-but-awful guy. "It's just for fun."
"I think I'm done," I said, turning to leave, but he grabbed my hand.
"Just another dance, baby," he cooed. "I'll behave. Until you don't want me to."
I tried to wrench my arm from his grasp, but he was much bigger and stronger than me. I wasn't sure what to do. Should I play nice until he let me go and then run? Should I kick him in the balls? Scream bloody murder?
"She said she's done," a strong voice said behind me. I turned to find Mr. Darcy out on the dance floor. For the first time since meeting him, I was glad to see him.
"Wait your turn," Cute-but-awful guy told him. He still had my wrist in his hand.
"No," Mr. Darcy said, putting his hand on my shoulder. He looked dangerous. "Either you leave now, or they help you out."
He nodded to the three muscle-bound bouncers in black watching them. Cute-but-awful guy dropped my wrist.
"You need to chill, man," Cute-but-awful guy said. He blew me a kiss and walked away.
I stood there on the dance floor breathing hard even though I wasn't moving. Mr. Darcy had rescued me. I knew I could have done it myself, but his method was way more effective and didn't involve bodily harm.
"Thank you," I told him over the music.
He shrugged like it was nothing. "Want to dance?"
He held out his hand, waiting for me to take it.
I hesitated. Not because I thought he would end up like Cute-but-awful guy, or because I didn't want to. I really wanted to dance with Mr. Darcy. I wanted to dance and then do so much more than dancing. And that's what scared me.
"Okay," I replied before I considered all the consequences. It was just a dance. What harm could a dance do?
The music changed to the next song. A steady, pounding bass beat thrummed across the dance floor like a heartbeat. My hips moved on their own to the tempo, dancing to the sultry music all on their own.
Mr. Darcy's hands went to my hips. They were strong and confident as he guided me in the motions of our dance. He knew exactly what he was doing as he put my body against his. I could feel the strength of his muscles under his jacket, and he moved with a natural grace.
The music throbbed, and I ached with it as Mr. Darcy danced with me. His hand glided down my side, teasing me with his touch while still being completely PG. The trace of his fingers left my skin tingling for more.
I wrapped my arms around the back of his neck, drawing the two of us in closer. There was nothing now but the two of us and the heavy, throbbing need of the music. His hips went slow with mine, keeping just enough distance without letting me forget where he was.
Every move was primal and sexual. Every cell in my body turned on, wanting to know what it would be like to feel this without clothes. My pulse pounded to the beat of the dance.
I bit my bottom lip, trying to keep myself grounded as I lost myself to him. Mr. Darcy was in complete control, and I was fine with that. He made every motion, every move, sexy as hell. It was sex on the dance floor and the hottest thing I'd ever experienced with my clothes on.
I looked up, my lip still between my teeth as I met his eyes.
Blue like the ocean, even in the dark of the club. They captured me and held me there, stronger than any rope. I didn't want to leave the gaze of those eyes.
Emotions that I wasn't ready for flooded through me. I wanted him. I was incredibly attracted to him. I wanted to feel his skin under my fingers and see if he was this good a dancer in the bedroom. Heat flooded my core at the thought of the pleasure he was sure to give me. I was going to give into him.
Yet, somewhere, my brain came back. I knew he was an ass. He was a jerk just looking for his next lay. In that respect, he was no better than Cute-but-awful guy. He was just a better dancer.
I stumbled back, needing to figure out why my body was so attracted to him when my head knew better. I should never have danced with him. I should never have let myself feel the strength of the man under the suit.
My heel slipped, catching on the dance floor and my balance flew out the window. Yet, I didn't fall. Mr. Darcy rescued me, yet again. He pulled me into his body, holding me directly against him. His heart pounded with mine. I heated instantly, my skin crying out for his touch. If anything, the desire this time was almost unbearable.
I looked up again, finding those ocean eyes. They held a storm that I wanted to experience. I wanted to kiss him. I wanted to do so much more than just kiss him, but that seemed like a good starting point.
I licked my lips. He tipped his head, apparently thinking the same thing I was. I couldn't believe that I was about to do this, yet I wanted to so badly. My body was overriding my head and taking what it wanted.
I closed my eyes, letting myself go. This was what I wanted. A kiss to start.
New York Times and USA Today Bestseller Krista Lakes is a thirtysomething who recently rediscovered her passion for writing. She is living happily ever after with her Prince Charming. Her first kid just started preschool and she is happy to welcome her second child into her life, continuing her "Happily Ever After"!
Posted by MissDaemon at 10:17 AM
Broken Beautiful Hearts by Kami Garcia
Friction by Sandra Brown
Passenger by Alexandra Bracken
Bad for You by J. Daniels
The Hazel Wood (The Hazel Wood #1) by Melissa Albert
The Wedding Date by Jasmine Guillory
More to Love (A Perfect Fit #3) by Alison Bliss
Still Me (Me Before You #3) by Jojo Moyes
Keeper by Kim Chance
Baby, I'm Howling for You (Alphaville #1) by Chris...
Indecent Exposure by Tessa Bailey
Indie and the Brother's Best Friend by R. Linda
Taming Him by Kennedy Fox
Wicked Charm by Amber Hart
Dark Embrace by Elle Boon
Say You'll Remember Me by Katie McGarry
Here Comes The Sun by Marie Force
Judgment Road by Christine Feehan
The Last Girl on Earth by Alexandra Blogier
XO, Zach by Kendall Ryan
Keep Her Safe by K.A. Tucker
Burn Me
Royal Ruin by Jessica Peterson
Recovered by Jay Crownover
Drunk On Love by S.L. Scott
Lions and Tigers and Boys by Tawny Stokes
Love, Hate & Other Filters by Samira Ahmed
The Sea Devil by Eliza Knight
Turn by Cora Brent
Mr. Ruin by Maya Hughes
Love Between Enemies (Grad Night #2) by Molly E. Lee
The Crown Prince's Bride by Donna Alward
Now That You Mention It by Kristan Higgins
The Ones Who Got Away by Roni Loren
Collision Course by Marie Harte
City Under Siege by R.J. Prescott
Verona Blood by Lili St. Germain
Earl Interrupted by Amanda Forester
Heart On Fire by Amanda Bouchet
Between The Blade And The Heart by Amanda Hocking
Rocco by Sarah Castille
Pretty Dead Girls by Monica Murphy
Busted by Gina Ciocca


NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Get ready for the ultimate Jack Reacher experience: a thrilling new novella and eleven previously published stories, together for the first time in one pulse-pounding collection from Lee Child.
Identical twin sisters who couldn't look more alike...or live more differently.
Harper Frost is laid-back, easygoing. She doesn't care what anyone thinks of her. She likes a beer and a shot and wouldn't be caught dead wearing anything fashionable. She's inherited her father's rundown house on Martha's Vineyard, but she can't hold down a job, and her latest romantic disaster has the entire island talking.
Tabitha Frost is dignified, refined. She prefers a fine wine and has inherited the impeccable taste of her mother, the iconic fashion designer Eleanor Roxie-Frost. She's also inherited her mother's questionable parenting skills--Tabitha's teenage daughter, Ainsley, is in full rebellion mode--and a flailing fashion boutique on Nantucket in desperate need of a cash infusion.
After more than a decade apart, Harper and Tabitha switch islands--and lives--to save what's left of their splintered family. But the twins quickly discover that the secrets, lies, and gossip they thought they'd outrun can travel between islands just as easily as they can. Will Harper and Tabitha be able to bury the hatchet and end their sibling rivalry once and for all? Before the last beach picnic of the season, there will be enough old resentments, new loves, and cases of mistaken identity to make this the most talked-about summer that Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket have experienced in ages.
Hope Flanagan survived the massacre at the Whitman Mission, but at terrible personal cost. Safe now in Oregon City, she lives with her sisters, Grace and Mercy, and Grace's new husband, Alex. As she spends her days tending their flock of sheep, Hope's mind and soul are slowly healing. Yet, though she was once surrounded by suitors, she has no interest in giving her heart again after the man she loved died in her arms.
Hope's precarious new peace is shattered when those responsible for the massacre are captured and put on trial. She is asked to testify against them, but she's not sure she can bear to relive the events of those horrific days.
The new novel in Craig Johnson's beloved New York Timesbestselling Longmire series.
Welcome to Walt Longmire's worst nightmare. In Craig Johnson's latest mystery, Depth of Winter, an international hit man and the head of one of the most vicious drug cartels in Mexico has kidnapped Walt's beloved daughter, Cady, to auction her off to his worst enemies, of which there are many. The American government is of limited help and the Mexican one even less. Walt heads into the one-hundred-and-ten degree heat of the Northern Mexican desert alone, one man against an army.


It's every parents worst nightmare. You are sitting in a restaurant or out shopping when your child suddenly decides that this is the ideal place to throw a tantrum. It's embarrassing and you know that all eyes are upon you. Well let's step back for a minute and try to understand and take notice of what triggers a tantrum.
All these things can send a little ones body into sensory overload. Look for signals – closing eyes, covering ears etc. Try to pay attention to these signs and if possible move into a different environment.
One of the best remedies for overstimulation is exercise. Plan ahead of your trip, let your child run around for a little while and let off steam before you enter shops and restaurants.
Then once you have reached your destination continue to interact with your children, keep them engaged and occupied. They can be great little helpers shopping for groceries and should you be at a restaurant always carry some crayons and pencils so together you can sit and doodle. Always let them know how well they are doing.


text:
Q: Nested foreach loop in ASP.NET MVC Core NullReferenceException I'm trying to add a navigation sidebar in a simple web app that has two primary models, and I'm running into a peculiar error when I try to use a nested loop to render data in the sidebar.
My app has two models like Category and Thing in the example below:
public class Category
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<Thing> Things { get; set; }
}

public class Thing
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public int CategoryID { get; set; }
    public virtual Category Category { get; set; }
}

I want to add a sidebar that contains a list of all my Categories. I created a ViewComponent that I'm referencing in _Layout.cshtml like so:
// SidebarViewComponent.cs
public class SidebarViewComponent : ViewComponent
{
    private readonly MyContext db;

    public SidebarViewComponent(MyContext context)
    {
        db = context;
    }

    public async Task<IViewComponentResult> InvokeAsync()
    {
        var categories = await GetCategoriesAsync();
        return View(categories);
    }

    private Task<List<Category>> GetCategoriesAsync()
    {
        return db.Category.ToListAsync();
    }
}

// View file for SidebarViewComponent
@model IEnumerable<MyApp.Models.Category>

    @foreach (var category in Model)
    {

@category.Name

            @foreach (var thing in @category.Things)
            {

@thing.Title

            }

    }

// _Layout.cshtml
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"]</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css">

    @await Component.InvokeAsync("Sidebar")
    @RenderBody()

When I access a page that's rendered by my ThingController, this works perfectly. But on my home page or any page handled by CategoryController, I get the error "NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object." at the line @foreach (var thing in @category.Things).
How can I get this sidebar to work on every page?

A: Okay, I was able to get this working by changing my ViewComponent's GetCategoriesAsync method to use eager loading of the related collection:
private Task<List<Category>> GetCategoriesAsync()
{
    return db.Category.Include(c => c.Things).ToListAsync();
}

This Microsoft Doc pointed me in the right direction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Have you recently purchased a vehicle? Here at CIC, we have a specialist scheme for GAP Insurance where the premiums are usually up to 50% cheaper than an identical policy offered by the vehicle dealership. Please give us a call if you would like a quote.


text:
package com.surgeon.weaving.core;

public interface ASPConstant {

    String BEFORE = "before_";

    String EMPTY = "";

    String AFTER = "after_";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Data dropdown not loaded with mysql                 function query(){
                $leverancierVar = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM leverancier");
                while($record = mysql_fetch_array($leverancierVar)){
                    echo '<option value="' . $record['leverancier'] .'">' . $record['leverancier'] . '</option>';
                }
            }

this is my code to store all data in database in function
        <select id="leverancier" name="leverancier" style="width: 30%">

        <?php query() ?>

        </select>

this is the line of code i am using in the form to load data
[Database screenshot][1]
When I click the form dropdown button, there is no data displayed.
I am trying to solve the issue for a few hours, maybe someone with a clear look can see the mistake I made.
Edit:
I managed to get the data from the database, and displayed in a the  dropdown, however the text is not displayed in the dropdown. You can however choose a value, and the correct value will be saved in the database. Here is a picture of the problem
And here's the code I used:
            <?php

        $mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "voorraad");

        $result = $mysqli->query("SELECT leverancier from leverancier");

        echo "<select id='leverancier' name='leverancier' style='width: 30%', color='black'>";
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) {
            echo "<option value='" . $row['leverancier'] ."'></option>";
        }
        echo "</select>";

        ?>

A: I imagine you're not connected to the database, probably worth looking over the connection page in the PHP manual
In the manual you will probably notice some warnings about the mysql_* extension. That is because it is deprecated and removed in version 7 and above. What does that mean for you? Essentially you shouldn't be using the mysql_* extension in your code.
You should instead use mysqli or PDO
If you were going to use PDO you would connect like so:
$dsn      = 'mysql:dbname=<DATABASENAME>;host=<HOSTADDRESS>';
$user     = ''; // Database User
$password = ''; // Database Password.

try {
    $connection = new PDO($dsn, $user, $password);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    // Connection failed, you may want to do something here
}

And then do your query like so:
$statement = $connection->prepare('SELECT * FROM leverancier');
$statement->execute(); // Run the query.

$result = $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
foreach ($result as $row) {
    echo '<option value="' . $record['leverancier'] .'">' . $record['leverancier'] . '</option>';
}


text:
Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine
Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology
Women's and Children's Health
Departments and groups
Contacts and finding us
Part of the Faculty of Health and Life Science
Institute of Translational Medicine >
Dan Carr
Dr Dan Carr BSc (Hons) MSc PhD FHEA
Lecturer Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Work email D.Carr@liverpool.ac.uk
Personal WebsiteResearchgate Profile
Dan studied for a BSc (Hons) Physiology and Pharmacology at the University of Central Lancashire and an MSc in Molecular Pathology and Toxicology at the University of Leicester . He subsequently spent time working within the Safety Assessment Department, AstraZeneca at Alderley Edge, Cheshire before returning to Leicester to complete a PhD within the Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine.
He held a postdoctoral position at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (latterly Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology) at the University of Liverpool, under the supervision of Professors Munir Pirmohamed and Kevin Park. In 2009 he moved to the newly created Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, University of Liverpool and in 2013, was awarded a Tenure-Track fellowship by the University of Liverpool and was latterly confirmed to the position of Lecturer in Pharmacology in 2017. His research interests focus on biomarkers and models of cutaneous adverse drug reactions.
Work emailD.Carr@liverpool.ac.uk


text:
Q: "svn: Can't read stdin: End of file found" would crash file reading in shell all
I'm reading a file line by line. Each line is a svn update command with specific repository path. My code looks like this:
    while read line
    do
        eval $line 2> /tmp/outputfile
        egrep -e "svn: Target path .* does not exist" /tmp/outputfile > /dev/null && echo $line >> /tmp/result
    done < $SVN_TMP_FILE

basically i want to record the command that looking for a obsolete directory.
however there could be conflicts happened during the while loop which shows the following stuffs in the prompt:
Conflict discovered in 'blablabla'.
Select: (p) postpone, (df) diff-full, (e) edit,
    (mc) mine-conflict, (tc) theirs-conflict,
    (s) show all options: svn: Can't read stdin: End of file found

which terminates the loop and the commands after this would not be executed and recorded. My first clue is the showing error (can't read stdin) would crash the process of reading line for reason that both probably share the stdin. Any idea on how to avoid this termination?

A: You can specify the conflict resolution as part of your update command. Excerpt from $ svn help update:
 --accept ARG             : specify automatic conflict resolution action
                            ('postpone', 'working', 'base', 'mine-conflict',
                            'theirs-conflict', 'mine-full', 'theirs-full',
                            'edit', 'launch')
                            (shorthand: 'p', 'mc', 'tc', 'mf', 'tf', 'e', 'l')

So a $ svn up --accept tf would accept all changes from "theirs".


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<title>AutoDirectionHandler (GWT Javadoc)</title>
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com.google.gwt.i18n.client

Class AutoDirectionHandler

java.lang.Object

com.google.gwt.i18n.client.AutoDirectionHandler

All Implemented Interfaces:

KeyUpHandler, EventHandler, HasDirectionEstimator

public class AutoDirectionHandler
extends java.lang.Object
implements KeyUpHandler, HasDirectionEstimator

Utility class for handling auto-direction adjustment.

 This class is useful for automatically adjusting the direction of an object
 that takes text input, while the text is being entered.

Nested Class Summary

Nested Classes

Modifier and Type
Class and Description

static interface
AutoDirectionHandler.Target

The interface an object must implement in order to add an
 AutoDirectionHandler to it.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

static AutoDirectionHandler
addTo(AutoDirectionHandler.Target target)

Operates like addTo(Target, DirectionEstimator), but always uses
 a default DirectionEstimator, WordCountDirectionEstimator.

static AutoDirectionHandler
addTo(AutoDirectionHandler.Target target,
     boolean enabled)

Operates like addTo(Target, DirectionEstimator), but uses a
 default DirectionEstimator, WordCountDirectionEstimator if enabled,
 or else a null DirectionEstimator, which means disabling direction
 estimation.

static AutoDirectionHandler
addTo(AutoDirectionHandler.Target target,
     DirectionEstimator directionEstimator)

Adds auto-direction adjustment to a given object:
 - Creates an AutoDirectionHandler.

DirectionEstimator
getDirectionEstimator()

Returns the DirectionEstimator object.

void
onKeyUp(KeyUpEvent event)

Automatically adjusts hasDirection's direction on KeyUpEvent events.

void
refreshDirection()

Adjusts target's direction according to the estimated direction of the text
 it supplies.

void
setDirectionEstimator(boolean enabled)

Toggles direction estimation on (using a default estimator) and off.

void
setDirectionEstimator(DirectionEstimator directionEstimator)

Sets the DirectionEstimator object.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Detail

addTo

public static AutoDirectionHandler addTo(AutoDirectionHandler.Target target)

Operates like addTo(Target, DirectionEstimator), but always uses
 a default DirectionEstimator, WordCountDirectionEstimator.

Parameters:

target - Object whose direction should be automatically adjusted on
     relevant events.

Returns:

AutoDirectionHandler An instance of AutoDirectionHandler for the
     given object.

addTo

public static AutoDirectionHandler addTo(AutoDirectionHandler.Target target,
                                         boolean enabled)

Operates like addTo(Target, DirectionEstimator), but uses a
 default DirectionEstimator, WordCountDirectionEstimator if enabled,
 or else a null DirectionEstimator, which means disabling direction
 estimation.

Parameters:

target - Object whose direction should be automatically adjusted on
     relevant events.

enabled - Whether the handler is enabled upon creation.

Returns:

AutoDirectionHandler An instance of AutoDirectionHandler for the
     given object.

addTo

public static AutoDirectionHandler addTo(AutoDirectionHandler.Target target,
                                         DirectionEstimator directionEstimator)

Adds auto-direction adjustment to a given object:
 - Creates an AutoDirectionHandler.
 - Initializes it with the given DirectionEstimator.
 - Adds it as an event handler for the relevant events on the given object.
 - Returns the AutoDirectionHandler, so its setAutoDir() method can be
 called when the object's text changes by means other than the handled
 events.

Parameters:

target - Object whose direction should be automatically adjusted on
     relevant events.

directionEstimator - A DirectionEstimator object used for direction
     estimation (use null to disable direction estimation).

Returns:

AutoDirectionHandler An instance of AutoDirectionHandler for the
     given object.

getDirectionEstimator

public DirectionEstimator getDirectionEstimator()

Returns the DirectionEstimator object.

Specified by:

getDirectionEstimator in interface HasDirectionEstimator

onKeyUp

public void onKeyUp(KeyUpEvent event)

Automatically adjusts hasDirection's direction on KeyUpEvent events.
 Implementation of KeyUpHandler interface method.

Specified by:

onKeyUp in interface KeyUpHandler

Parameters:

event - the KeyUpEvent that was fired

refreshDirection

public void refreshDirection()

Adjusts target's direction according to the estimated direction of the text
 it supplies.

setDirectionEstimator

public void setDirectionEstimator(boolean enabled)

Toggles direction estimation on (using a default estimator) and off.

Specified by:

setDirectionEstimator in interface HasDirectionEstimator

Parameters:

enabled - Whether to enable direction estimation. If true,
          sets the DirectionEstimator object to a default
          DirectionEstimator.

setDirectionEstimator

public void setDirectionEstimator(DirectionEstimator directionEstimator)

Sets the DirectionEstimator object.

Specified by:

setDirectionEstimator in interface HasDirectionEstimator

Parameters:

directionEstimator - The DirectionEstimator to be set. null means turning off direction estimation.

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Ever wondered what are the most dangerous animals in the world? If you did, you will always think of big carnivorous cats and you would be right in doing so, but there are other animals too which many don't know of. So here we take a look at 10 of the most deadliest animals in the world put together by the "Thats My Top 10″ team.
For many, it comes as a surprise that mosquito makes it to the list. Needless to say, you don't feel more than an itch when a mosquito bites. However, some mosquito species are carriers of deadly parasites that cause fatal diseases like malaria and dengue. They also transfer these parasites to humans and livestock. Those these pests appear minuscule in size, two million plus people die with the deadly bites of these pests which carry dengue and malaria parasites. The main reason why mosquitoes are so dangerous is that they carry malaria and dengue parasites which undergo quick mutations and sometimes, there is no treatment for the ailment. Mosquitoes also transmit lymphatic filariasis, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, tularemia and several other viruses.
Though the Asian Cobra may not be the most poisonous snake, whatever venom it possesses, it can prove to be lethal. Nearly 50,000 people succumb to snake bites every year. Out of these, the majority is attacked by the Asian Cobras.
The Australian Box Jellyfish is also called as sea wasp. Not bigger than the size of a salad bowl, this jelly fish has around 60 tentacles and each measure around 15 feet. Nearly 5,000 stinging cells are present on each tentacle and it is also a storehouse of deadly toxins that can kill 60 humans.
All the sharks are blessed with an exceptional sense of smell to offset their poor eyesight. Any species of the shark is able to smell even a single drop of blood in a huge swimming pool. The Great White Shark can smell a swimmer who is bleeding inside the pool from a distance of 5 miles. With just one bite, it can tear nearly 31 pounds of flesh.
The African Lion is one of the deadliest predators. Always hungry for a kill, the African Lions are termed as perfect hunters.
If you think the crocodile hardly moves, then you are ghastly mistaken. It will lay still in shallow waters and waits for its prey. In a fraction of a second, it will dive onto its prey, pull it under water with no further trace.
Do not mistake every elephant to be a friendly one as the Dumbo. Nearly 500 people are killed by elephant attacks worldwide. The average weight of an African elephant is around 16,000 pounds. Also, they are armed with extremely sharp tusks.
Indeed, the polar bear looks quite cuddly and cute in the zoo. However, when in the open, the feast on elephant seals for morning breakfast. You try to separate it with its cub and it can effortlessly rip off its enemy's head with a mere swipe of its gargantuan paw.
A Cape Buffalo would crush its predator and charges head on. It weighs around 1,500 pounds, armed with two, sharp and huge horns. Its enemy may be lucky if there is only one, but when attacked by a herd, chances of survival are bleak.
Do not mistake these small sized frogs as harmless. Its back secrets a slimy neurotoxin to keep predators. Each poison dart frog produces a good amount of this slimy secretion to annihilate 10 humans.


How many times have you given up in despair while admiring that piece of brilliance created by another? The general perception is that design is for pros. If you're too busy running your business, design is a challenge to take on.
In an increasingly visual focused landscape, can a career professional get away with not improvising how data, information or content is presented? Even the best creative minds are still on a quest for the holy grail of design, where beauty lies in the eye of the beholder and individual perception is very subjective.
So is there hope for the design amateurs?
Keep in mind these tips of visual expression as a start – your awareness, practice and curiosity will certainly give you a lift in the world of design.
of this practice In it he illustrates how thinking with pictures can help one discover and develop new ideas, find unexpected solutions and improve the way we present ideas.
I witnessed the power of stick figures years ago while explaining the principle of electric grid and supply (or simply how electricity reaches our homes) to a pack of wide eyed elementary schoolers. Yes, I'm talking of the same stick figures that elementary school kids habitually/instinctively draw and most of us doodle during a boring presentation. So get creative, doodle your explanations and leverage them as a way to effectively detail processes.
This Infographic by Anna Vital of Funders and Founders shows a slew of visually interesting ways to present information (33 to be exact).
Certainly gives us food for thought, doesn't it?
Why write data if you can draw it – visual representation makes it easier for the user to digest information. Not to mention fun!
Less is more. Embrace clarity. Dispel the noise.
Abstract Expressionist Hans Hofmann called it "Eliminating the unnecessary so that the necessary may speak." And we achieve that by trimming the fluff to portray the core message of our offerings – in our visuals, message or choice of fonts.
Our initial tendency is to tell everything to our audience. With careful edits and some iterations, what can be eliminated becomes clear. Thanks to a great team, illustrated below is an example of how we progress to eliminate the excess from our visuals to drive the eye towards the essential message.
In image 1, reading the background text takes effort. In image 2, we tried to incorporate our logo too. By the third image, there was a balance between clarity and relevance.
For brevity in writing and content, I could write a blog asking you to cut out words to drive home the point that you can do with so much less. Or, I can show you this image from a post on editing which makes an impactful case.
A powerful point depicted simply.
Step back from your choice of typography and analyze against the most important measure – Simplicity in Readability. Much as they call out to you, avoid fancy fonts that diminish readability and limit the number of typefaces you use together.
For the rebranding of her business Steph and Home, Stephanie Seo did an interesting exercise on a Facebook group. To garner opinions from fellow creatives, she posted the following logo options created by her on Canva. She needed help in deciding a clean, crisp logo that would work for her brand in the long run and give it flexibility and longevity. Option 2 & 4 were popular choices.
Option 2, with its choice of color overlay and fonts definitely impacts readability. In my opinion, option 4 (but enlarged) is good because the choice of font makes the name clear. The inverted V icon denotes a roof in clear association with her blog focus. The square dimensions allow it to be easily adapted to social platforms and future app usage where square images are required.
Can you guess which one she finally used?
Colors might not be your forte but chances are that you do need to occasionally work with them. Without getting into details of the types of color combinations, a cheat sheet recommendation for picking great colors that work well together is your trusted friend- the internet.
When you see a logo, presentation, picture or website that uses colors well together, save it for later. Even designers do that. We constantly take inspiration from nature, Pinterest, Google, paint stores etc. Create your inspiration bank for when you need it and then share it with your team or designers.
With great color choice, comes an important element- contrast. You need a stronger distinction in visual representation to create a focus and make your point quickly.
The example below is an actual one from a kids website. If these colors were used in kids pillows, I would gladly pair them in any way. But they are used in the menu bar of the website. Although color 1 and 2 look great side by side, but when fast impact is needed, example 2 with more contrast between colors 1 & 3 stands out.
In the same breadth, let's also cover the importance of white spaces or negative space – a crucial component to holding your audience's attention. The space around, between, as well as within elements that gives visual breathing room (e.g. space between letters in typography). It doesn't have to be white. It's just the space that holds no elements.
In the example below, spacing out letters and increasing the white space gives instant visual relief in image 2. Adding sub headings makes it easier to process the content. Providing skimmable information is critical in a world where people are increasingly scanning information.
Small tweaks in color, contrast and space can make a big difference in outcome. It's also a good idea to limit the number of colors you work with. It's easier on the eye and sometimes on the pocket too.
Also Watch Smart Design Tips and Hacks for an Everyday User.
Think about everyday examples. When we set the table, the spoon and fork are mostly parallel. The windows in your family room are perfectly in line with one another. What if they weren't?
Planters on both sides of an entryway and a side table in the midst of two chairs provide balance. The door or the table are the focal points here. Plus, using the other decor items in symmetry draws the eye to them.
Balance in design elicits a strong positive emotional response while asymmetry disturbs, albeit silently.
Why then should we overlook these in our visual presentations?
To create balance, give equal weight to both sides of an intended centre. In image 2 below, just adding color to the circle made both elements on each side equally impactful.
Alignment can be achieved by anchoring elements to an invisible grid. Together, this reduces randomness and looks cohesive. Although this seems like a given, overlooking this reduces the professionalism and harmony in your presentations.
Certain parts of your website, presentation or art will always be more important than the others. Organization is important for presenting visual information and paying attention to it will dramatically increase the quality of your work.
In a world with extremely diminishing attention spans, visual & purposeful hierarchy allows users to scan by prioritizing information and gives them a path to follow. Use color or scale – play with font sizes to determine where to lead the eye.
In the image below, color and size variation, helps draw the visual path.
Vary text sizes and colors to draw attention to the key elements. And use visuals to tie in both.
A good layout leverages the components of design such as style and form and enhances the relationship between the various elements.
People have more opportunities today than ever to harness their creative potential. Check out our free mini eBook on Design that gives you some of the best, easy to use Free Design Tools available to you today.
You might still not know where to start or what to do, but you will hopefully know what not to do.
Imagine yourself working with a designer, either as a team member or as a hire. Knowing what is not right is equally important to knowing what can be made better.
Also Read How to Design a Small Business Website Your Customers Love.
Understanding the why behind design decisions makes you more smarter and strategic in your dealings.
Don't let your mindset limit you. Speak through the act of creation, not just the thought. Make fresh new connections with the same old ideas and share your work.
Creativity in design is a habit. Cultivate it.
I love that you were encouraging in the beginning and these are great pointers. Thank you so much, I'm definitely using these.
I am getting ready to open a clothing boutique next spring. I am not a creative person, but I knew what I wanted for the store design. I had to draw it out as best as I could. Did a pretty good job too!
These are great tips. I have learned several of them from my daughter….who is a designer. These tips really do make a difference.
Great tips! I'm working on a presentation at work and I took the charts/graphs out and replaced them with info graphics. I think it helped a lot!
These are wonderful pointers! I especially love the tip of simplicity. It is good to make it look pleasing but not too crowded or flashy.
I will make sure i bookmark or save this page. These are some really good tips.
You provide some practical and useful tips.
Im definitely book marking this! It could help me save money by doing my own graphic design work!
ooo i need this cheat sheet, as i'm no graphic designer, but i do appreciate simple designs and try to incorporate them in my photos from time to time. thank you for this! will be bookmarking.
Great tips! Especially the one about simplicity in messaging! I love the logo example too!
Thanks Sandy. Yes, simplicity and getting rid of anything that does not contribute is absolutely essential.
Great article, it's the first one I've read that actually has info that makes sense and the graphics pull it all together – THANK you!
I'm so glad it makes sense to you. Thanks for the kind words, especially from a design and decor professional like you!
This is a perfect resource for non-designers, the visuals really aid in understanding the content as well.
Thanks and glad it helps.
Wow, your message was simple and clear on the point, even noobs like me could understand it better. Thanks again.
Good to know that Gayathri!
Design is not my strong point. So posts like this are really helpful. What I've learned from having a blog is that you can get better. I still have room to grow. But when I look back at my most early days of blogging, I've come a long way.
Definitely Erica! Iteration is the name of the game.
Thank you Miranda. Great visuals always help your case.


Properly notify employer of a workers comp accident !
Properly notifying an employer of an accident that took place at work is the first important step one needs to properly take in order to have a successful workers compensation claim. This step could ultimately lead to the medical treatment the injured worker needs and the compensation to which they are prescribed by law. We will discuss the Who, What, When, and How of notifying an employer of a workers comp accident.
Maryland law requires an employee to notify an employer of a work place accident with in 10 days of the accidental injury and 1 year for occupational diseases. This rule is clearly stated in the law however there is an exception that often overcomes the injured workers failure to report the accident within 10 day. If the employee fails to report the accident to the employer within 10 days of the accident they may still pursue and be successful with their claim if the failure did not lead to any prejudice to the employer and insurer and the workers compensation insurer is still able to fairly and adequately put on a defense. In other words, if the late notice of the employee getting injured really did not do any harm then they may still proceed with their claim.
The longer to employee waits to report their claim the weaker their case may get so it is best practice to notify the employer as soon as possible.
Notice of an injury on the job should be provided to a supervisor as soon as possible. Ideally this would be at the time of the accident or shortly after the accident on the same day. While notifying a supervisor of an accident is the best practice it is better for the injured worker to notify numerous people of the work injury. Notifying numerous people of a work place accident will help create witnesses that would be likely to testify on the injured workers behalf. All too often an employee only notifies a supervisor of a workers comp accident and the supervisor, being loyal to the company, testifies or gives a statement that he was not notified. With multiple witnesses the chances of having a favorable witness increases substantially for the injured worker.
If no supervisor is around the injured worker should notify co-workers immediately and contact a supervisor as soon as they have notified a co-worker. It is often argued that notifying a co-worker is not the same as notifying the "employer" however notice to a co-worker could be considered providing constructive notice to the employer.
Keep it simple. avoid putting fault on your self- it was an accident. After you provide a description of the accident and what happened avoid answering many more questions without discussing your injury and accident with an attorney.
While fault and negligence is not a defense to workers compensation claims, there is the willful misconduct defense which is used by employers and workers compensation insurers to fight claims. An employee performing a task they were specifically told not to perform will surely rise to a willful misconduct argument and potentially a lost workers compensation claim.
As soon as possible. Do not delay, even if there is no intent on seeking immediate medical attention. A seemingly minor injury can manifest into a serious condition weeks after the accident.
Depending on the employment there may only be a few ways to notify an employer of an accident immediately. Contractors are often deployed to work by themselves which leaves telephone and text messaging to usually be the only option. Now in the day of smart phones, email is also a very viable option and is usually the best given that it is documented.
Verbal notice is a good first option if there is no ability to document the notice, however it is imperative to follow up with a written notice via email, text message or written correspondence. Providing written correspondence is necessary but keeping a copy of that correspondence is essential. It is not uncommon for employers to loose such documentation which will in turn lead to a "he said, she said" scenario.
Follow this link for more information on properly reporting and notifying employer of an accident at work.
Notifying employer supervisor of a work accident.
Injured workers must notify employer supervisor when hurt at work. Immediate notice of the accidental injury is best but not necessary. Report workers comp injuries to employer, supervisor, employees.


◦ This class is an introduction to major ethical theories, including virtue ethics, utilitarianism, deontology, and care ethics, and explores questions such as: do we have to be ethical to live a happy life? Is morality always other-directed, or can one have self-regarding moral duties? Can ethical inquiry help us find meaning in our lives?
◦ This course is an introduction to some of the major questions surrounding gender from the standpoint of social ethics. Topics include: gender essentialism and gender constructivism, transgender and intersex identities, intersectionality, masculinity, gender oppression and the obligation to resist.
◦ This course is in introduction to some of the major philosophical and religious views that grapple with questions of death, ethics, and reality. Texts representing Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism, Islam, and Akan philosophies are analyzed and compared to Western philosophers like Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, Sartre, and Beauvoir.
◦ This course serves as an introduction to some of the major questions in philosophical discourse, including: does God exist, and if so, how can God let suffering occur? How do we know what we know? What does it mean to do the right thing? Are we free?