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Tag Archives: Medieval History
Full Text of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Translation Online
October 27, 2011 Mark 2 Comments
In the Medieval History and Literature section of this site I've recently posted the full modern English translation by Jessie L. Weston of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight – a rather fine poem, and a good translation.
Here's an excerpt from the first section of the translation:
After the siege and the assault of Troy, when that burg was destroyed and burnt to ashes, and the traitor tried for his treason, the noble Æneas and his kin sailed forth to become princes and patrons of well-nigh all the Western Isles. Thus Romulus built Rome (and gave to the city his own name, which it bears even to this day); and Ticius turned him to Tuscany; and Langobard raised him up dwellings in Lombardy; and Felix Brutus sailed far over the French flood, and founded the kingdom of Britain, wherein have been war and waste and wonder, and bliss and bale, ofttimes since.
And in that kingdom of Britain have been wrought more gallant deeds than in any other; but of all British kings Arthur was the most valiant, as I have heard tell, therefore will I set forth a wondrous adventure that fell out in his time. And if ye will listen to me, but for a little while, I will tell it even as it stands in story stiff and strong, fixed in the letter, as it hath long been known in the land.
Weston's translation is clear for the modern reader, but retains the power of the original poem (although in prose format).
August 24, 2011 Arthurian Fact of the Day (caridwen.wordpress.com)
Trickster-Heroes in 'Buffy' and 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight' (Column) (popmatters.com)
September 27, 2011 Arthurian Fact of the Day (caridwen.wordpress.com)
The different styles of Middle English Poetry (marklord.info)
Book-Talk Monday: Favorite Childhood Bedtime Stories (kayedacus.com)
The king of Arthurian tales (guardian.co.uk)
ArthurBritainGawainKing ArthurLiteratureMedieval HistoryMiddle AgesSir Gawain and the Green Knight
War of the Roses Game from Paradox Interactive
October 14, 2011 Mark 1 Comment
The historical PC game experts Paradox Interactive seem to have a new game featuring the War of the Roses coming out. The video below was uploaded in August, but there doesn't seem to be any news on a release date. If it's historically accurate, which some of Paradox's games are, then it could be very interesting for any fans of Medieval history.
Here's some more information on the game from Paradox's website:
War of the Roses is a new IP that transports players back in time to the battle-ravaged, dynastic civil war era of 15th century England where ownership of the throne of England was brutally fought over between supporters of two rival branches of the Royal House of Plantagenet – the house of Lancaster (the reds) and the house of York (the whites).
A team-based multiplayer melee combat experience, War of The Roses sees players and their band of knights going toe-to-toe with their opponents using authentic and visceral weapons of the time period including broad swords, long bows and battle-axes.
Built on a stunning graphics engine which vividly portrays the fighting from an up-close-and-personal third-person perspective, War of the Roses features both online multiplayer and a single-player campaign. Players will get the chance to lead their warrior through a rich progression system, gaining upgrades and unlocking new content on their path from filthy peasant to unstoppable armored killing machine.
The years of 1455-1485 in England is an extraordinary and underused setting filled with conflict, treachery and bloodshed. In the wake of the "death of chivalry" at Agincourt in 1415 and the introduction of gunpowder, warfare changed; the gloves came off, so to speak. The old and the new clashed on the battlefield while personal vendettas persistently motivated the desire for war.
War of the Roses – ambitions and goals In War of the Roses, Fatshark take what was learned from Lead and Gold and apply it in a medieval setting, using the Bitsquid tech-engine for high quality visuals and performance.
The driving focus of the game is creating a multiplayer game with the same accessibility as the best competitive shooters currently out there, but in a medieval setting with a primary emphasis on melee combat.
The focus of the core gameplay is on the Multiplayer experience, but we will have an engaging and immersive story driven single player campaign designed to prepare and train players for the multiplayer experience. The single player campaign will give the players direct rewards to use in the multiplayer battles.
Large Medieval Multiplayer Mode
Single Player Campaign Mode
Extensive Persistence System
Paradox Interactive's Newest Game Is The War of the Roses [Video] (kotaku.com)
Kingdoms/Horses: War of the Roses Interview (rockpapershotgun.com)
'War Of The Roses' Is 'Magicka' Publisher's Next Title (multiplayerblog.mtv.com)
EnglandFatsharkMedieval HistoryMiddle AgesMiddle Ages HistoryMultiplayer video gameParadox InteractiveRoseSingle-player video gameWar of the Roses
Zio the Hero by Marc Grimston – Medieval Adventure for Kids of All Ages
October 7, 2011 Mark Leave a comment
Zio the Hero by Marc Grimston
I came across this medieval adventure story for children over Twitter. It's by a UK author and seems to be doing very well. I haven't had a chance to read it yet, but I'm planning to soon. I would recommend that you take a look at the video – Marc's tour of Framlingham Castle, one of the locations used in the book, gives a great introduction to the setting of the story.
Here's some more information about the book from the official press release:
Travel back in time to 14th Century England and to an adventure with dragons, castles, intrigue and murder.
Robert and his twin brothers Timothy and Michael accidentally find themselves transported into medieval England. They arrive in a forest cottage, where they are expected to recover the missing crown of England. Has it been lost, or stolen? With the help of the clumsy but loyal dragon, Zio, their quest takes the boys across the centuries, where they make new friends, and enemies. Will they return home triumphant? Or die trying? The only way to know is to read Zio The Hero.
Marc Grimston has delivered a children's adventure story which is already enthralling children, ages 7 to 107. In an age where many children lack stories with a moral battle between good and evil, Marc is reversing this trend with this exciting story. Marc takes you to Framlingham and Orford castles; both in the 14th and 21st centuries, where the children learn loyalty and honour can overcome all adversities that life can throw at them. Together with new friends, they experience the power of forgiveness, true friendship and sacrifice. Their father's words of wisdom also being at the forefront of their minds, helping them to make the right, but not always the easiest of decisions.
Zio the Hero is a book which encourages children to stand up for truth and respect, even when all around them appears darkness and gloom.
Quotes from reviews:
"Amazing…. What a revelation." "This gets kids reading!" "This is a wonderful book"
Marc Grimston has always been a story teller, writing poetry and short stories throughout his adult life. When challenged to write a children's novel, Marc reluctantly agreed. Although comfortable making-up stories for his children at bed time, creating an adventure for them to read for themselves, seemed a big step. However, drawing on his experiences as a father and medieval re-enactor, Marc rose to the task of bringing his love of history, and his sense of fun and excitement together in an adventure story all children love to read.
Marc believes in the value of self-worth. With dedication and determination, you can achieve anything. Through his writing, Marc wants to empower and encourage all children to reach and achieve their goals.
Marc is in contact with several UK schools to work with them to encourage literacy, story-telling and the belief that all things are possible.
Marc takes walks along the beach, when not writing more thrilling adventures in his home town of Southend-on-Sea in Essex.
Zio The Hero (ISBN: 978 1780350479 published by FastPrint, RRP £10.99) is available at www.amazon.co.uk, and can be ordered from all good book retailers. For more information please visit: http://marcgrimston.co.uk or www.facebook.com/ZioTheHero
EnglandEngland in the Middle AgesFramlinghamMedieval CastleMedieval HistoryMiddle AgesMiddle Ages HistoryZio the Hero
Medieval Culture and Belief, Medieval History
New Medieval History Book: Chivalry in Medieval England by Nigel Saul
September 29, 2011 Mark 3 Comments
Chivalry in Medieval England by Nigel Saul
Publisher: Harvard University Press (15 Oct 2011)
I think this is a new title! It's not always easy to tell after all – for instance there seems to be another title by Nigel Saul The Age of Chivalry, but this is only 144 pages, so I am guessing is something quite different? But then again there is also For Honour and Fame by the same author – see the related articles at the end of this post.
There is a wealth of information on Amazon.com about the book, including lots of glowing reviews. I have read Nigel's book on Richard II and remember very much enjoying, so I am sure that this and anything else he might have published on Chivalry will be good too!
Amazon.com:
Nigel Saul takes a relatively benign view of medieval noblemen. He rejects the once-fashionable notion that war was all about money and land, and that chivalry was just tinsel. And, although he sees a steep decline in standards in the last medieval century, he thinks that chivalric values did have a real influence in civilizing the conduct of war. Whether one agrees with this or not, his is a view that commands respect. He is a historian with a rare gift for seeing the human lives behind the rather formulaic and impersonal sources of medieval history, and he has written widely about aristocratic culture…Saul can make the most unpromising material speak to us with a directness that can surprise even those who are already familiar with it. This is a rich book that does ample justice to its complex theme.
–Jonathan Sumption (Sunday Times 20110626)
The author of this sparkling book that "puts chivalry centre-stage" explains its substantial contribution to the development of Western civilization through links to the practice of treating prisoners of war with compassion, to the growth of individualism and even to the modern cult of celebrity.
–Christopher Silvester (Daily Express 20110711)
Splendid…Saul has drawn heavily on what he calls this "rich repertory of contemporary witness" to illuminate the relationship between chivalry and the political, military, social and artistic currents of the time. The result is a wide-ranging examination of how the ethos of chivalry defined and shaped knightly culture…As this book so ably demonstrates, [chivalry] influenced every aspect of knightly life: without it, the Middle Ages would have been not only duller and darker, but even more brutal.
–Juliet Barker (Mail on Sunday 20110722)
An entirely original project, and in [Saul's] hands it proves illuminating…[A] brilliant book. The skill and scholarship with which he has done so fully justify his claim at its opening that chivalry was a major factor throughout the narrative history of medieval England from before the time of Richard I to the aftermath of that of Edward III. Chivalry has often been neglected by historians in that story; Nigel Saul's vivid and exciting study should make sure that it can never again be left out of the account.
–Maurice Keen (Literary Review )
The era of chivalry was the idealized fantasy that grew out of the military superiority of the armed horseman, and which lasted roughly between the invention of the stirrup and the invention of gunpowder. Nigel Saul is just the right person to tell the story as experienced in England…One of the strengths of his new book is its attention to the visual and the material. The knights of England had property and wealth, and they flaunted them. Chivalry was not only a code of behavior but a style honed both on the battlefield and in impressive residences…Interest in chivalry was revived in the Victorian cult of things medieval, aesthetic as well as moral in scope. It inspired such initiatives as the Marquess of Queensberry's rules and the codification of laws of war, which Saul links to the later formulation of the Geneva convention. Yet lampoons of chivalry are equally powerful, as epitomized by John Tenniel's drawings of ungainly knights on horseback that illustrated Through the Looking Glass. That unyielding parody has given us the chivalry of Monty Python and Spamelot, and recently a new Camelot too. Nigel Saul's clear-sighted history makes these survivals all the more apparent, and all the more puzzling.
–Miri Rubin (The Guardian )
Popular views of medieval chivalry—knights in shining armor, fair ladies, banners fluttering from battlements—were inherited from the nineteenth-century Romantics. This is the first book to explore chivalry's place within a wider history of medieval England, from the Norman Conquest to the aftermath of Henry VII's triumph at Bosworth in the Wars of the Roses.
Saul invites us to view the world of castles and cathedrals, tournaments and round tables, with fresh eyes. Chivalry in Medieval England charts the introduction of chivalry by the Normans, the rise of the knightly class as a social elite, the fusion of chivalry with kingship in the fourteenth century, and the influence of chivalry on literature, religion, and architecture. Richard the Lionheart and the Crusades, the Black Death and the Battle of Crecy, the Magna Carta and the cult of King Arthur—all emerge from the mists of time and legend in this vivid, authoritative account.
For Honour and Fame: Chivalry in England 1066-1500 by Nigel Saul – review (guardian.co.uk)
Forthcoming Medieval History Book: Divided Houses: Hundred Years War Vol 3 by Jonathan Sumption (marklord.info)
Chivalry: A Jake Savage Adventure Published (marklord.info)
ChivalryEnglandEngland in the Middle AgesJonathan SumptionMaurice KeenMedieval HistoryMiddle AgesMiddle Ages HistoryNigel SaulSpamalot
Magic, Marvels and Monsters, Medieval Culture and Belief
Medieval Magic and Marvels: Matthew Paris and the Music of the Heavens
When a bishop dies the bells ring in heaven according to Matthew Paris. Presumably this was only becayse Robert, Bishop Lincoln was a fairly holy rather than venal example. Indeed this was actually Robert Grosseteste the famous scholastic philosopher and theologian, who criticized the greed of the papacy.
I think it's interesting that only the friars and priests hear the bells though – the bumpkin foresters don't! Also it's interesting that the melodious music is like bells – I guess the link with a place of worship is important here, but is really that the best that heaven could come up with to welcome the bishop?
These are extracts from the Chronica Majora written by Matthew Paris for the year 1253.
Of the music heard in the heavens
During the night in which the said bishop departed to the Lord, Faulkes, bishop of London, heard in the air above, a wonderful and most agreeable kind of sound, the melody of which refreshed his ears and his heart, and fixed his attention for a time. Whilst listening to it (he was at the time staying near Buckdon), he said to some persons standing near him, "Do you, too, hear what I do?" Whereupon they asked him, " What hear you, my lord ?" The bishop replied : "I hear a supernatural sound, like that of a great convent-bell, ringing a delightful tune in the air above." They, however, acknowledged, although they listened attentively, that they heard nothing of it, whereupon the bishop said to them: " By the faith I owe to St. Paul, I believe that our beloved father, brother, and master, the venerable bishop of Lincoln, is passing from this world to take his place in the kingdom of heaven, and this noise I heard is intended as a manifest warning to me thereof, for there is no convent near here in which there is a bell of such a sort and so loud. Let us inquire into the matter immediately." They therefore did so, and found, as was proved by the statement of his whole household, that at that very time the bishop had departed from this world. This wonderful circumstance, or rather primitive miracle, was told as a fact, and borne evidence to, to the writer of this book, by Master John Cratchale, a confidential clerk to the bishop, one held in great veneration, and of high authority amongst his attendants and friends.
Of the noises of trumpets and bells heard in the sky.
On the same night, too, some brethren of the order of Minorites were hurrying towards Buckdon, where Robert, bishop of Lincoln, was staying (for he was a comforter and a father to the Preachers and Minorites), and in passing through the royal forest of Vauberge, being ignorant of its windings, lost their road, and whilst wandering about they heard in the air sounds as of the ringing of bells, amongst which they clearly distinguished one bell of a most sweet tune, unlike anything they had ever heard before. This circumstance greatly excited their wonder, for they knew that there was no church of note near. When morning's dawn appeared, after wandering about to no purpose, they met some foresters, of whom, after obtaining directions to regain their right road, they inquired what meant the grand and solemn ringing of bells which they had heard in the direction of Buckdon to which the foresters replied, that they had not heard and did not then hear anything, though the sound still gently filled the air. The brethren, therefore, in still greater wonder went on, and reached Buckdon betimes, where they were informed that at the very time of the night when they had heard the aforesaid melodious sounds, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, breathed forth his happy spirit.
Medieval Magic and Marvels: Cloud Ships (marklord.info)
angelsBishopBishop LincolnBishop of LondonChronica MajoraheavenMagicMarvelsMatthew ParisMedievalMedieval HistoryMiddle Ages HistoryRobert Grossetestesaints
Medieval Magic and Marvels: Cloud Ships
Of course there is another sea above the one we know of – didn't you realise! One credulous medieval writer certainly seemed to think so.
I came across this extract from Gervase of Tilbury's Otia Imperialia in C. G. Coulton's Social Life in Britain from the Conquest to the Reformation, which is a great repository of all things medieval – from the mundane to the most fantastical of medieval marvels.
Gervase of Tilbury was an Imperial official in the 12th and 13th centuries, and wrote a number of works including the Otia Imperialia, which is a miscellany of various wonders – many of them seemingly very fanciful. I love this one about villagers coming across an anchor in a churchyard one foggy day and then a sailor comes down from the misty heavens to free the anchor. As if this isn't evidence enough of ships sailing above us in the clouds, Gervase then backs this up with another story of a man sailing far overseas losing a knife overboard, and it then landing on his wife's kitchen table far below.
Coulton notes that "A heavy stone tomb of the kind here described, dating from the late 14th or early 15th century, may still be seen in front of the porch of St Nicholas at Lynn. Iron door- bands in the rough form of an anchor are very common on early church doors :e.g. Sempringham."
Here's the full extract from Gervase of Tilbury:
There are some who say that the earth, as a centre in the midst of a circumference, is equally distant from all these extremities, and is surrounded and shut in by sea, even as it is written of the third Day of Creation, "God gathered together the waters that were under the heaven into one place, and dry land appeared." In our own times there befel a marvellous, but well-known event to prove how the upper sea lieth above us. On a certain holyday in Great Britain, after High Mass, the folk were thronging forth from the parish church, on a morning so misty that it made a sort of twilight amid the gross and watery vapours. Here, on a stone tomb within the precincts of the churchyard, they found an anchor fixed, with its cable stretched tight and hanging down from the air. The people stood in amazement; and, while they were disputing among themselves of this matter, at length, they saw the rope move as though men had been labouring to weigh the anchor. When therefore, for all this straining at the rope, the anchor yet clung to the tomb, they heard through the foggy air as though it had been the cries of sailors labouring with all their might to raise an anchor from the deep. Soon, when they found their labour to be in vain, they sent down one of their fellows, who, as skilfully as any shipman of our own, appeared hanging to the rope and descending with alternate interchange of hands. When, however, he had torn the anchor from the tomb, he was caught by those that stood around, in whose arms he gave up the ghost, stifled by the breath of our gross air as a shipwrecked mariner is stifled in the sea. Moreover his fellows above, judging him to be wrecked, after an hour's delay, cut the cable, left their anchor, and sailed away. In memory of which event the iron bands of the doors of that church were forged, by a cunning counsel, from that anchor; which bands are still there for all men to see. Here again is a still more marvellous testimony. In the county of Gloucester is a town named Bristol, wealthy and full of prosperous citizens; from this port men sail for Ireland. It befel upon a time that a native of Bristol sailed to Ireland, leaving his wife and children at home. Then, after a long sea-voyage, as he sailed on a far-off ocean, he chanced to sit banqueting with the mariners about the hour of tierce; and, after eating, as he washed his knife over the ship's side, it slipped suddenly from his hands. At that same hour, at Bristol, the knife fell in through the roof-window of that same citizen (which men in the English tongue call dormer) and stuck in the table that was set before his wife. The woman, marvelling at so strange a thing, was dumbfounded; and, laying aside this well-known knife, she learned long afterwards, on her husband's return, that his misfortune had befallen on the very day whereon she had found it. Who, then, will now doubt, after the publication of this testimony, that a sea lieth over this earth of ours, whether in the air or above the air?
Medieval Magic and Marvels: Matthew Paris and the Music of the Heavens (marklord.info)
Evidence Of Medieval Irish Zombies? (buzzfeed.com)
BristolGervase of TilburyGreat BritainMedievalMedieval HistoryMiddle AgesMiddle Ages HistorySaint Nicholas


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Jon Turteltaub Gets "Beached"
By TBA on	 August 27, 2012 2 - FILM NEWS, Attachments (Film)
By: Thomas Commonwealth
Fox 2000 has tapped Jon Turteltaub to helm their long-gestating swim project BEACHED.
The project, which originally had Betty Thomas set to helm and will be working on a script rewrite by Jordan Roberts, follows a chubby four-year old who falls overboard during a family boat excursion, leading her to be raised by whales and eventually become a champion swimmer. The project had been inactive for quite some time but with the popularity spike in swimming over recent years, thanks largely to the success of American swimmer Michael Phelps, Fox has made the moves to get Turteltaub attached and the project back on track.
Rob Scheidlinger was originally producing but there's no word if he is still attached.
Turteltaub is best known for his family oriented films including "Cool Runnings", "National Treasure" and "The Sorcerer's Apprentice". "Last Vegas", "Fraternity Brother" and the "A Matter Of Size" remake are all on the horizon for the helmer, who is repped by WME
— VIEW THE UPDATED SALES LISTING —
UTA APA Paradigm Based on Book WME TV Reviews JOBS ICM Partners Gersh Agency career Comedy Action Sci-Fi TB Talks TV Drama entertainment jobs Adventure CAA entertainment careers Thriller careers job Horror ENTERTAINMENT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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• Levy Dawkins was arrested in April 1912 for "assaulting and cutting" Rosie Springs with a razor. He was sentenced to 12 months in jail, during which time he would work the county roads.
• Sam Broom was arrested in July 1911 for "assaulting and cruelly whipping" Viola Connell with a whip.
• In August 1902, Chas Johnson was arrested for "assaulting and cutting" Anna Torrence with a butcher knife.
• On the warrant for the arrest of Lee Gabriel, the charge of "assault" is crossed out and the word "homicide" written below it. In May 1902, he hacked his wife Pauline Gabriel to death with an ax.
Thomas B. Hoover in the early 1900s on a carriage outside his livery stable at 21 North College Street.
• In October 1913, Will Morris shot and killed his wife, Minnie Morris, after she hit him over the head with a chair.
HIGHWAY ROBBERY: Charlotte's current vehicle theft problems may go back further than anyone realizes. In February 1912, R.C. Bowden and Ed C. Boswell stole a horse, buggy and lap robe from J.E. Little. The two were arrested shortly after Boswell resold the horse and buggy, valued at $225, to W.G. Ross for $125. Ross paid Boswell with a check from his account at Charlotte National Bank, which was later used as evidence against the two men. Both were charged with larceny.
ALIMONY FROM HELL: In April 1910, Frank Pendelton was arrested on abandonment charges for failing to support his wife, Mady Pendelton. He was sentenced to four months of labor on the county roads.
• Leroy Robinson sent his wife, Maybelle Robinson, money and food from time to time after he left her, but it wasn't enough. In March 1912, he was arrested for failing to adequately support his wife and sentenced to six months in jail.
BREAKING AND ENTERING: Today's burglars carry away televisions, computers and DVD players. A century ago, crooks were less ambitious. Mostly they stole things they could eat or wear.
• In June 1912, John Slutz was arrested for breaking into the home of Lon Severs and stealing two bushels of corn valued at $2.50.
• Crouse Friday was arrested for stealing watermelons from the watermelon patch on L.E. Baker's farm in August 1911. Baker later agreed to drop the larceny charge and change it to a trespassing charge in exchange for Friday repaying him for the watermelons.
WEAPON OF CHOICE: In September 1900, Charlie Burton was arrested for beating John Moore with a three-foot-long buggy shaft after a disagreement over the price of a buggy. Burton was sentenced to 30 days in jail.
DOUBLE LIFE: After his marriage to Hattie Hollingsworth, it was discovered that Cliff Watts had a second wife in Atlanta. Watts was charged with bigamy in November 1911.
BULLETS FOR BRUNCH: Cy Spiers was arrested in July 1900 on murder charges after he shot and killed Mary Hilton on her way home from church because she chose to walk home with another man. Spiers suffered a "fit of jealousy," the Charlotte News reported, because Hilton usually walked home with Spiers.
• A similar shooting took place a week later, when William Kell, 18, gunned down Anna Ardrey, 16, in front of the African American church in Providence Township after she decided to walk home with another boy.
OUCH: In November 1910, Will Leecraft was sentenced to 90 days of labor on the county roads for embezzling $1 from Sam Alexander.
• Will Edwards broke into the home of Sam Neely in January 1910 and stole some clothing and a bunch of keys. He was sentenced to two years of labor on the county roads. In modern-day Charlotte, Neely would be lucky if the cops even showed up to take a police report.
SEX FOR SALE: The police appear to have cracked down on brothels in 1901, shutting down three in two months. The services Kitty West provided to early Charlotteans must have been pretty popular, because in May 1901 she got off with a slap on the wrist for running two brothels, or "bawdy houses," as the court agreement she signed calls them. In the agreement, West pledged she and her "employees" would not reoccupy a house she was renting on the corner of Third and C streets. In addition, a house she owned in Second Ward would not be used as a bawdy house or be rented to Viola McRea and "other tenants," who were given 30 days to vacate.
In exchange, West was given a prayer for judgment that subjected her to arrest if she violated the agreement. Interestingly enough, the prayer for judgment did not ban her from opening bawdy houses in other locations, and it expired after a year.
• West wasn't the only madam who got off easy. The courts cut Florence Long a similar deal in November 2001 -- a prayer for judgment in return for not reopening her bawdy house. The deal didn't appear to make much of an impression on Long. She was arrested a year later for running another brothel, the first of three more arrests before 1910. No record of Long doing any jail time could be found.
The bar at Gem Restaurant in the Central Hotel at 7 South Tryon Street.


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Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/cesptp/halshs-00096277.html
Do Migrants Follow Market Potentials? An Estimation of a New Economic Geography Model
Matthieu Crozet
(TEAM - Théories et Applications en Microéconomie et Macroéconomie - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)
New Economic Geography models describe a cumulative process of spatial agglomeration: Firms tend to cluster in locations with good access to demand, and similarly, workers are drawn to regions where market potential is high because the price index is lower there. This paper provides an empirical assessment of this forward linkage that relates labour migrations to the geography of production through real wage differentials. In the spirit of Hanson (1998), we use bilateral migration data for five European countries over the 1980s and 1990s to perform quasi-structural estimations of a new economic geography model derived from Krugman (1991). The results show strong evidence in favor of this model. As expected, migrants do follow market potential. Moreover, we provide estimates for all key parameters of the model. These estimates suggest that a sudden emergence of a core-periphery pattern is unlikely within European countries: centripetal forces are too limited in geographical scope, and mobility costs are too high.
Matthieu Crozet, 2004. "Do Migrants Follow Market Potentials? An Estimation of a New Economic Geography Model," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00096277, HAL.
Handle: RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00096277
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00096277
File URL: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00096277/document
Matthieu Crozet, 2004. "Do migrants follow market potentials? An estimation of a new economic geography model," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 4(4), pages 439-458, August.
Matthieu Crozet, 2004. "Do Migrants Follow Market Potentials? An Estimation of a New Economic Geography Model," Post-Print halshs-00096277, HAL.
Crozet, Matthieu & Mayer, Thierry & Mucchielli, Jean-Louis, 2004. "How do firms agglomerate? A study of FDI in France," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 27-54, January.
Matthieu Crozet & Thierry Mayer & Jean-Louis Mucchielli, 2000. "How do Firms Agglomerate? A Study of FDI in France," Post-Print halshs-03718427, HAL.
Crozet, Matthieu & Mayer, Thierry & Mucchielli, Jean-Louis, 2003. "How do Firms Agglomerate? A Study of FDI in France," CEPR Discussion Papers 3873, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Matthieu Crozet & Thierry Mayer & Jean-Louis Mucchielli, 2004. "How do firms agglomerate? A study of FDI in france," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pd, Sciences Po.
Matthieu Crozet & Thierry Mayer & Jean-Louis Mucchielli, 2004. "How do firms agglomerate? A study of FDI in france," Post-Print hal-01019657, HAL.
Crozet, M. & Mayer, T. & Micchielli, J.L., 2000. "How Do Firms Agglomerate? A Study of FDI in France?," Papiers d'Economie Mathématique et Applications 2000.50, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
Matthieu Crozet & Thierry Mayer & Jean-Louis Mucchielli, 2004. "How do firms agglomerate? A study of FDI in france," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01019657, HAL.
Matthieu Crozet & Thierry Mayer & Jean-Louis Mucchielli, 2000. "How do Firms Agglomerate? A Study of FDI in France," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-03718427, HAL.
Paul Krugman & Anthony J. Venables, 1995. "Globalization and the Inequality of Nations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 110(4), pages 857-880.
Krugman, Paul & Venables, Anthony J, 1994. "Globalization and the Inequality of Nations," CEPR Discussion Papers 1015, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Paul Krugman & Anthony J. Venables, 1995. "Globalization and the Inequality of Nations," NBER Working Papers 5098, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Krugman, Paul & Venables, Anthony J., 1995. "Globalization and the Inequality of Nations," Working Paper Series 430, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
Baldwin, Richard E., 2001. "Core-periphery model with forward-looking expectations," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 21-49, February.
Richard E. Baldwin, 1999. "The Core-Periphery Model with Forward-Looking Expectations," NBER Working Papers 6921, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Baldwin, Richard, 1999. "The Core-Periphery Model With Forward-Looking Expectations," CEPR Discussion Papers 2085, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Puga, Diego, 1999. "The rise and fall of regional inequalities," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 303-334, February.
Diego Puga, 1996. "The Rise and Fall of Regional Inequalities," CEP Discussion Papers dp0314, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
Puga, Diego, 1997. "The Rise and Fall of Regional Inequalities," CEPR Discussion Papers 1575, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Puga, Diego, 1996. "The rise and fall of regional inequalities," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 20643, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
Davis, Donald R. & Weinstein, David E., 1999. "Economic geography and regional production structure: An empirical investigation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 379-407, February.
Donald R. Davis & David E. Weinstein, 1997. "Economic Geography and Reginal Production Structure: An Empirical Investigation," NBER Working Papers 6093, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Donald R. Davis & David E. Weinstein, 1998. "Economic geography and regional production structure: an empirical investigation," Staff Reports 40, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Donald R. Davis & David E. Weinstein, 1997. "Economic Geography and Regional Production Structure: An Empirical Investigation," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 1802, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
Borjas, George J., 1999. "The economic analysis of immigration," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 28, pages 1697-1760, Elsevier.
Redding, Stephen & Venables, Anthony J., 2004. "Economic geography and international inequality," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 53-82, January.
Redding, Stephen J. & Venables, Anthony J, 2000. "Economic Geography and International Inequality," CEPR Discussion Papers 2568, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Stephen Redding & Anthony J. Venables, 2001. "Economic Geography and International Inequality," CEP Discussion Papers dp0495, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
Redding, Stephen & Venables, Anthony J., 2001. "Economic geography and international inequality," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 3714, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
Stephen Redding & Anthony J. Venables, 2001. "Economic Geography and International Inequality," International Trade 0103003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Krugman, Paul, 1991. "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(3), pages 483-499, June.
Paul Krugman, 1990. "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography," NBER Working Papers 3275, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Diego Puga, 2002. "European regional policies in light of recent location theories," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 2(4), pages 373-406, October.
Puga, Diego, 2001. "European Regional Policies in Light of Recent Location Theories," CEPR Discussion Papers 2767, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Tabuchi, Takatoshi & Thisse, Jacques-Francois, 2002. "Taste heterogeneity, labor mobility and economic geography," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 155-177, October.
Tabuchi, Takatoshi & Thisse, Jacques-François, 2001. "Taste Heterogeneity, Labour Mobility and Economic Geography," CEPR Discussion Papers 3114, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
TABUCHI, Takatoshi & THISSE, Jacques-François, 2001. "Taste heterogeneity, labor mobility and economic geography," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2001044, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
TABUCHI, Takatoshi & THISSE, Jacques-François, 2002. "Taste heterogeneity, labor mobility and economic geography," LIDAM Reprints CORE 1570, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
H. Hanson, Gordon, 2005. "Market potential, increasing returns and geographic concentration," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 1-24, September.
Gordon H. Hanson, 1998. "Market Potential, Increasing Returns, and Geographic Concentration," NBER Working Papers 6429, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Hanson, G.H., 1999. "`Market Potential, Increasing Returns, and Geographic Concentration," Working Papers 439, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan.
Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2004. "Market Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 86(4), pages 959-972, November.
Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry, 2002. "Market Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union," CEPR Discussion Papers 3455, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Decressin, Jorg & Fatas, Antonio, 1995. "Regional labor market dynamics in Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 1627-1655, December.
Decressin, Jörg & Fatás, Antonio, 1994. "Regional Labour Market Dynamics in Europe," CEPR Discussion Papers 1085, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Devereux, Michael P. & Griffith, Rachel, 1998. "Taxes and the location of production: evidence from a panel of US multinationals," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 335-367, June.
Michael Devereux & Rachel Griffith, 1996. "Taxes and the location of production: evidence from a panel of US multinationals," IFS Working Papers W96/14, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
Faini, Riccardo & Galli, Giampaolo & Gennari, Pietro & Rossi, Fulvio, 1997. "An empirical puzzle: Falling migration and growing unemployment differentials among Italian regions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(3-5), pages 571-579, April.
Baier, Scott L. & Bergstrand, Jeffrey H., 2001. "The growth of world trade: tariffs, transport costs, and income similarity," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 1-27, February.
Paul Krugman, 1992. "A Dynamic Spatial Model," NBER Working Papers 4219, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Keith Head & John Ries, 2001. "Increasing Returns versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the Pattern of U.S.-Canada Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(4), pages 858-876, September.
J.Peter Neary, 2001. "Of Hype and Hyperbolas: Introducing the New Economic Geography," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 39(2), pages 536-561, June.
J. Peter Neary, 2000. "Of hype and hyperbolas : introducing the new economic geography," Working Papers 200019, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
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Greenwood, Michael J, 1975. "Research on Internal Migration in the United States: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 13(2), pages 397-433, June.
John F. Helliwell, 1997. "National Borders, Trade and Migration," NBER Working Papers 6027, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Federico Trionfetti, 2001. "Using home-biased demand to test trade theories," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 137(3), pages 404-426, September.
Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry, 2004. "The empirics of agglomeration and trade," Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, in: J. V. Henderson & J. F. Thisse (ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 59, pages 2609-2669, Elsevier.
Thierry Mayer & Keith Head, 2003. "The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade," Working Papers 2003-15, CEPII research center.
Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry, 2003. "The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 3985, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2004. "The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade," Post-Print hal-01027789, HAL.
Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2004. "The Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/10191, Sciences Po.
Kristian Behrens & Frédéric Robert‐Nicoud, 2009. "Krugman's Papers in Regional Science: The 100 dollar bill on the sidewalk is gone and the 2008 Nobel Prize well‐deserved," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 88(2), pages 467-489, June.
Fabien Candau, 2008. "Entrepreneurs' Location Choice And Public Policies: A Survey Of The New Economic Geography," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(5), pages 909-952, December.
Fabien Candau, 2008. "Entrepreneurs' Location Choice and Public Policies: a Survey of the New Economic Geography," Post-Print hal-02514085, HAL.
Stephen J. Redding, 2013. "Economic Geography: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Daniel Bernhofen & Rod Falvey & David Greenaway & Udo Kreickemeier (ed.), Palgrave Handbook of International Trade, chapter 16, pages 497-531, Palgrave Macmillan.
Redding, Stephen, 2009. "Economic geography: a review of the theoretical and empirical literature," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 25500, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
Stephen Redding, 2009. "Economic Geography: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature," CEP Discussion Papers dp0904, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
Redding, Stephen J., 2009. "Economic Geography: a Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature," CEPR Discussion Papers 7126, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Brakman, Steven & Garretsen, Harry & Schramm, Marc, 2006. "Putting new economic geography to the test: Free-ness of trade and agglomeration in the EU regions," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 613-635, September.
Brakman, Steven & Garretsen, Harry & Schramm, Marc, 2005. "Putting new economic geography to the test: free-ness of trade and agglomeration in the EU regions," CCSO Working Papers 200502, University of Groningen, CCSO Centre for Economic Research.
Steven Brakman & Harry Garretsen & Marc Schramm, 2005. "Putting New Economic Geography to the Test: Free-ness of Trade and Agglomeration in the EU Regions," CESifo Working Paper Series 1566, CESifo.
repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/10191 is not listed on IDEAS
Rosa Sanchis-Guarner & Enrique Lopez-Bazo, 2006. "Are Skilled Workers More Attracted to Economic Agglomerations?," ERSA conference papers ersa06p120, European Regional Science Association.
Julio Martínez-Galarraga, 2014. "Market potential estimates in history: a survey of methods and an application to Spain, 1867-1930," Working Papers 0051, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt & Arne Feddersen, 2010. "From periphery to core: economic adjustments to high speed rail," Working Papers 2010/38, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
Arne Feddersen & Gabriel Ahlfeldt, 2011. "From Periphery to Core: Economic Adjustments to High Speed Rail," ERSA conference papers ersa11p545, European Regional Science Association.
Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. & Feddersen, Arne, 2010. "From Periphery to Core: Economic Adjustments to High Speed Rail," MPRA Paper 25106, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. & Feddersen, Arne, 2010. "From periphery to core: economic adjustments to high speed rail," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 29430, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry, 2006. "Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 573-594, September.
Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry, 2005. "Regional Wage and Employment Responses to Market Potential in the EU," CEPR Discussion Papers 4908, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2005. "Regional Wage and Employment Responses to Market Potential in the EU," Bruges European Economic Research Papers 3, European Economic Studies Department, College of Europe.
Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2006. "Regional Wage and Employment Responses to Market Potential in the EU," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-00267437, HAL.
Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2006. "Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU," Post-Print halshs-00754132, HAL.
Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2006. "Regional Wage and Employment Responses to Market Potential in the EU," Post-Print hal-00267437, HAL.
Mion, Giordano, 2004. "Spatial externalities and empirical analysis: the case of Italy," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 97-118, July.
Giuseppe De Arcangelis & Giordano Mion, 2002. "Spatial Externalities and Empirical Analysis: The case of Italy," SERIES 0006, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza - Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", revised Jan 2002.
MION, Giordano, 2003. "Spatial externalities and empirical analysis: the case of Italy," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2003015, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
Mion, Giordano, 2003. "Spatial Externalities and Empirical Analysis: The Case of Italy," ZEW Discussion Papers 03-38, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
Mion, Giordano, 2004. "Spatial externalities and empirical analysis: the case of Italy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 42663, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
MION, Giordano, 2004. "Spatial externalities and empirical analysis: the case of Italy," LIDAM Reprints CORE 1839, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
Breinlich, Holger & Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P. & Temple, Jonathan R.W., 2014. "Regional Growth and Regional Decline," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 4, pages 683-779, Elsevier.
Holger Breinlich & Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano & Jonathan R. W. Temple, 2013. "Regional Growth and Regional Decline," CEP Discussion Papers dp1232, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
Breinlich, Holger & Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P. & Temple, Jonathan R. W., 2013. "Regional growth and regional decline," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 51575, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
Breinlich, Holger & Ottaviano, Gianmarco & Temple, Jonathan, 2013. "Regional Growth and Regional Decline," CEPR Discussion Papers 9568, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Breinlich, Holger & Ottaviano, Gianmarco I P & Temple, Jonathan R, 2013. "Regional Growth and Regional Decline," Economics Discussion Papers 8977, University of Essex, Department of Economics.
repec:esx:essedp:729 is not listed on IDEAS
Jian Wang & Junqian Xu, 2015. "Home market effect, spatial wages disparity: an empirical reinvestigation of China," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 55(2), pages 313-333, December.
Brülhart, Marius & Carrère, Céline & Trionfetti, Federico, 2012. "How wages and employment adjust to trade liberalization: Quasi-experimental evidence from Austria," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(1), pages 68-81.
Marius Brülhart & Céline Carrère & Federico Trionfetti, 2011. "How Wages and Employment Adjust to Trade Liberalization: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Austria," Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'économie 11.04, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, Département d'économie.
Marius Brülhart & Céline Carrère & Frederico Trionfetti, 2012. "How Wages and Employment Adjust to Trade Liberalization: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Austria," NRN working papers 2012-02, The Austrian Center for Labor Economics and the Analysis of the Welfare State, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
Brülhart, Marius & Carrère, Céline & Trionfetti, Federico, 2011. "How Wages and Employment Adjust to Trade Liberalization: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Austria," CEPR Discussion Papers 8430, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Brülhart, Marius & Carrère, Céline, 2011. "How Wages and Employment Adjust to Trade Liberalization: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Austria," Papers 236, World Trade Institute.
Marius Brülhart & Céline Carrere & Federico Trionfetti, 2011. "How Wages and Employment Adjust to Trade Liberalization: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Austria," Working Papers halshs-00607748, HAL.
Combes, Pierre-Philippe & Lafourcade, Miren, 2011. "Competition, market access and economic geography: Structural estimation and predictions for France," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 508-524.
Pierre-Philippe Combes & Miren Lafourcade, 2011. "Competition, market access and economic geography: Structural estimation and predictions for France," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-00754508, HAL.
Pierre-Philippe Combes & Miren Lafourcade, 2011. "Competition, market access and economic geography: Structural estimation and predictions for France," Post-Print halshs-00754508, HAL.
José M. Gaspar, 2018. "A prospective review on New Economic Geography," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 61(2), pages 237-272, September.
José M. Gaspar, 2018. "A prospective review on New Economic Geography," FEP Working Papers 605, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
Julio Martinez-Galarraga & Elisenda Paluzie & Jordi Pons & Javier Silvestre & Daniel A. Tirado, 2021. "New economic geography and economic history: a survey of recent contributions through the lens of the Spanish industrialization process," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 15(3), pages 719-751, September.
Julio Martinez-Galarraga & Elisenda Paluzie & Jordi Pons & Javier Silvestre & Daniel A. Tirado, 2021. "New economic geography and economic history: a survey of recent contributions through the lens of the Spanish industrialization process," Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC), vol. 15(3), pages 719-751, September.
Maria Florencia Granato, 2011. "REGIONAL NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (refereed paper)," ERSA conference papers ersa10p747, European Regional Science Association.
Stef Proost & Jacques-François Thisse, 2019. "What Can Be Learned from Spatial Economics?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 57(3), pages 575-643, September.
Stef Proost & Jacques-Francois Thisse, 2017. "What Can Be Learned from Spatial Economics?," HSE Working papers WP BRP 167/EC/2017, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
Proost, Stef & Thisse, Jacques-François, 2019. "What can be learned from spatial economics?," LIDAM Reprints CORE 3089, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
Agglomeration; economic geography; European regions; migration.; migration;
All these keywords.
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This short article is dealing with the natural honeybee product that is called bee pollen, certain claims and theories about its effects and other people that engage in sports and decide to take supplements that contain this compound in order to improve their athletic performance.
We all know how important bees are to our world. Actually, some of you may not know it, but every third bite of food that the average person consumes on a daily basis depends on our honeybee friends for pollination. Now, we could go on and on with this subject but let's focus on the effects and benefits of the said honeybees substance.
Other than the key role that the bees have in nature, humans have also been using their honeybee pollen for athletic purposes, rightfully or not (many other people are also using it for many other reasons as well). An old article from the Chicago Tribune (a large and respected daily newspaper based in Illinois, Chicago) in 1977 shows that the use of these honeybees supplements among athletes and other sportsmen was quite popular even back then.
At that time it was a common practice for professional basketball players, Olympic runners and other athletes to take such supplements and tablets which contain that natural compound. Athletes that did take these products and won their race or game often explained that their victory was thanks to the product's positive effects. A popular such athlete at that time was Steve Reddick.
The 60 yard dash at Millrose Games ended with the victory of Steve Reddick, that due to his belief that this bees compound was the real reason for his victory, decided to display a T-shirt with the writing: "Bee Power". The high scoring guard John Williamson also appraised the benefits of the same material over his athletic performance at that time. John said that the ten tablets (of this honeybees product) a day give him lots of energy to give everything he has on the court.
On the other hand, the critics said that despite the fact that this material isn't a dangerous substance, it's not really effective in improving the athletic performance. The professor of apiculture at the Cornell University, Dr. Roger Morse, shared some of his knowledge about the effects of these products. He said that people have actually been using this honeybee compound for hundred of years.
The professor added that presenting the substance to athletes as some kind of an elixir that would act as a magic pill is wrong, although there is no doubt that this honeybee matter is a rich source of protein and have other possible benefits.
However, it is necessary to mention that if you happened to have some kind of allergy to bees or other insects, there is a small chance that consuming this material may trigger an allergic reaction. Therefore, it would be smart to consult a doctor before getting this natural product.
This is the first part about the effects of the said honeybees substance over certain people from the past and other sportsmen that decided to take supplements or tablets which contain this compound and managed to perform much better in their athletic field (by the way, the runners that you can see in the image above are not connected to bees products in any way, and it's taken from the the telegraph which is a famous newspaper in the United Kingdom).
Previous Previous post: Is Bee Pollen FDA Approved ?


1. You do not like the fit of the frame.
2. You like the fit of the frame. But it just doesn't look right on your face.
3. Pistachio green was so last week. You on longer want to wear green frames.
4. You like everything about the frame. But your wife doesn't.
5. The list goes on.
6. The list goes on, and on.
In short, if you are not 100% satisfied with your purchase for any reason, simply return your purchase for a refund.
All items must be in a new, unworn and unaltered to be eligible for return.
Over the age of 40, our eyes start to age and become less precise in focusing on near objects. For instance, you might have trouble reading fine prints. Or, you might find yourself pushing the newspaper further away, while squinting or taking off your regular glasses all together. The condition is called presbyopia.
Progressive lenses (or PAL, Progressive Additional Lenses) are multi focal lenses designed to correct presbyopia and they are for distant, medium and reading uses. These lenses have multiple fields of vision, providing smooth transition from distant vision (at the top of the lens), intermediate vision (in the middle of the lens) to near vision (at the bottom of the lens). They do not have a line and are similar in appearance to regular lenses.
I don't know if I need progressive lenses. How can I tell?
Typically, your prescription would be marked clearly with a checkmark beside "Progressive". Sometimes, that is not the case. These are also signs that you have a prescription for progressive lenses.
You have a prescription that has numbers under the heading "ADD" or "ADDITION".
Progressive Lenses vs. Bifocal lenses.
The main difference between Progressive Lenses and Bifocal Lenses is that, Progressive Lenses have no visible lines (segments) while Bifocal Lenses do.
Progressive lenses are true multi-focal lenses. They provide a gradual transition from distant, medium to near vision. Bifocal lenses, as the name implies, have two fields of vision – the majority of the lenses to see far (typically for Distance vision) and the half-moon shaped area for reading purposes. Some find the abrupt change from distance to near vision difficult, while others find them extremely functional.
The biggest challenge with progressive lenses is that – there is a learning curve with each pair of new progressive lenses. It is common to take days or even weeks to fully adapt to progressive lenses (or even just a new prescription). The key is to give your eyes/brain a chance to get used to them, by fully committing to wearing them consistently.
Rule of thumb: point your nose where you are looking. Move your head slightly left or right with your progressives and look straight through the lenses, instead of using your peripheral vision. The lenses are designed to provide clear, gradually changing vision correction through the centre of the lenses. There is often slight distortion in the outer edges of the lenses.
Reading with your progressives: hold a magazine in hand, pick one line in your magazine, lock your eyes on that line as you very slowly lower the magazine (while holding your head still and lowering your eyes). In doing so, you will identify the "reading zone" in your lenses. With time, your eyes and body will learn to automatically go to the right spots, for medium vision (lower middle portion of the lenses) and near vision (bottom portion of the lenses).
Wear your glasses full time. Exception: do not drive with your new progressive glasses until you fully adapt to them.
I have tried progressive lenses and I do not like them. What are my options?
Some prefer to wear different glasses for reading vs. distance.
To order your glasses with Single Vision lenses for Computer Use, please contact us.
Copyright © 2019 iLookGlasses. All rights reserved.


The 17th annual BIOECON conference on "Experimental and Behavioural Economics and the Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services " will be held at Kings College, Cambridge on September 14 and 15, 2015. The conference will be of interest to both researchers and policy makers working on issues in the area of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and sustainable development, in both developed and developing countries. The conference will have sessions on economic development, growth and biodiversity conservation, as well as on institutions and institutional change pertaining to the management of living resources.


We are proud to work at Oak Academy, a school that sits at the heart of its community and puts individual student success at the forefront of everything it does.
We agree with Martin Luther King that "Intelligence plus character is the goal of true education" and we are committed to working tirelessly with our students to achieve their personal goals and fulfil their unique potential. This includes all aspects of the academic curriculum we offer and the wide range of other opportunities students experience during their time at Oak.
We recognise that universities and employers do not only look for academic excellence in students but something more. Therefore, we pride ourselves in ensuring our students leave Oak with a strong moral purpose, a wide range of life skills and personal resilience, all of which are central to life in Modern Britain.
We prioritise our young people's safety at all times and work hard to develop strong partnerships with our families. Staff genuinely care about our students and will always go the extra mile to get the very best from them.
Our curriculum is broad and balanced and ensures that academic routes are open to all. These are combined with vocational subjects that help students develop practical skills if this is where their talents and interests lie.
The secondary school experience is a once in a lifetime opportunity for each and every student. In order to help every one of our young people progress fully, we have flourishing and ever expanding links with a range of local agencies, employers and universities. We run a number of current projects to raise their aspirations and recognise the sky is the limit.
As Vice Principals, we believe this is an exciting time to become part of our community and we look forward to welcoming you to our Academy.


text:
At tonight's debate, focus is on Herman Cain, Rick Perry
2:46 PM, Oct 18, 2011
More posts by Associated Press
Tags: GOP debate
LAS VEGAS, Nevada (AP) — Republican presidential hopefuls were preparing for their latest debate Tuesday night at a Las Vegas casino, with all eyes on businessman Herman Cain who has surged to the top of polls in the far-from-decided race.
Cain, the former Godfather's Pizza chief executive, has never held public office, but he has built up a following among conservative activists as a radio talk show host and motivational speaker.
He has been facing more scrutiny as his poll numbers have jumped to put him in a dead heat with the presumed front-runner, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney.
Romney has turned in strong debate performances. He is fundraising steadily and adding establishment supporters nationally and also in early primary states.
But that hasn't kept the party's base from searching for an alternative.
Minnesota Rep. Michele Bachmann had a quick rise — after a sharp debate performance in New Hampshire — and a quick fall when national support didn't develop. And Texas Gov. Rick Perry was embraced by most Republicans when he announced his bid in August, but has faded after a series of missteps.
All are vying for the Republican nomination to challenge Democratic President Barack Obama in 2012, and many undecided voters have been watching the debates to evaluate the candidates.
Much of the focus Tuesday will be on Cain's catchy "9-9-9" tax overhaul plan which he's made the centerpiece of his campaign. The plan would scrap the current tax code and replace it with a 9 percent tax on personal income and corporations as well as a new 9 percent national sales tax.
Now that he's in the national spotlight, Cain has already had to apologize for comments he made over the weekend calling for an electrified fence along the southern border with Mexico.
At a campaign stop Monday in Arizona, Cain appeared with Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio, an aggressive anti-immigration proponent.
"It was a joke," Cain said emphatically during a news conference. "I apologize if I offended anyone. Mea culpa, mea culpa, mea culpa."
Cain told an audience in Tennessee on Saturday that the fence is "going to be electrified. And there is going to be a sign on the other side that says, 'It will kill you.'"
Immigration already has flared on the campaign trail — and contributed to the sinking of another fast-rising Republican candidate. Perry has struggled to explain why he signed a law giving lower in-state tuition breaks to illegal immigrants at Texas universities.
When he first entered the race, Perry was at or near the top of many national polls. He's fallen back since after weak performances in the candidates' debates.
Cain has emerged as the more popular alternative to Romney, who is viewed warily by the party's conservative base for his past support of abortion and gay rights and his championing of a health care reform plan in Massachusetts that was a model in part for Obama's health care overhaul that Republicans loathe.
In addition to Cain, the others participating in Tuesday's debate at the Venetian Resort Hotel Casino are Romney, Perry, Bachmann, Texas Rep. Ron Paul, former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich.
Missing is former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman, who's boycotting the Nevada caucuses in defense of New Hampshire's first-in-the-nation primary.
Nevada has scheduled its contest for Jan. 14, and New Hampshire Republican officials are pressuring Romney and other Republicans to join Huntsman's boycott if Nevada refuses to hold the caucuses later in January.
Obama carried Nevada by a comfortable 12 percentage point margin in 2008 but now is vulnerable in the economically hard-pressed state.
Obama, for his part, has embarked on a campaign style-bus tour through North Carolina and Virginia, mocking congressional Republicans for rejecting his $447 billion jobs bill that combines tax cuts and new spending in an effort to jump start the stagnant economy. Obama won the two traditionally Republican-leaning southern states in 2008 on his campaign's ability to boost turnout among young people and black voters.
In North Carolina, the president directed his most pointed remarks at Senate Republicans, who last week blocked action on the jobs bill.
"Essentially they said 'no' to you," Obama told a supportive crowd outside Asheville. Noting that Republicans will now get a chance to vote on elements of his jobs agenda one by one, he said: "Maybe they just couldn't understand the whole thing all at once. So we're going to break it up into bite-size pieces."
Senate Democrats unveiled the first individual bill taken from Obama's jobs package, which would spend $30 billion to create or save education jobs and $5 billion to do the same for police and firefighters. Republicans are likely to block the bill.
Republicans denounced the bus trip as nothing more than a taxpayer-funded campaign trip through two must-win states to try to bolster Obama's standing for the 2012 election.
Obama's poll numbers are down in both Virginia and North Carolina, languishing in the mid- to low-forties in recent surveys. The numbers mirror his approval ratings nationally.
Associated Press Writers Kasie Hunt in Las Vegas and Cristina Silva in Henderson, Nevada, and Holly Ramer in New Hampshire contributed to this report.


The recent increase in hype with soothing gels in the beauty market nudged me to get one and try it myself. I have been using soothing gels since the end of last year but I always stick with aloe vera soothing gels. In this year, I am feeling quite adventurous so I thought that maybe I should try another variant of soothing gel instead. I searched for it on the internet and the results showed a lot of Korean brands that produce different kinds of soothing gel but what snatched my attention the most is the Farm Stay Tomato Moisture Soothing Gel.
So Farm Stay is a Korean skincare and cosmetic brand which uses natural ingredients on their products. There are three kinds of soothing gels that Farmstay offers – aloe vera, snail and tomato gel. I decided to get the tomato soothing gel because its claims look so promising to me. But does it really do what it says? We'll see about that!


Skyline Drive was built back in the 1930's with the use of prison labor from the Colorado Penitentiary. This is a one-way route that heads southeast from US Highway 50 (northwest of Canon City) up the side of the hogback until you gain the ridgetop. From there, the road travels along that very narrow ridgetop for several miles before reaching the end of the ridge. At that point, the road turns a hairpin curve and descends on a long traverse down the eastern side of the hogback. There are several pullouts and parking areas along the way so you can get out and enjoy the views safely (wouldn't want to be looking at those views and not paying attention to the road, now would we?) The hogback itself is composed of hardened layers of sandstone that were turned up sometime during the more recent mountain-building days in this part of Colorado: somewhere between 25 and 65 million years ago.


Could the next bridge collapse happen right here in The Bahamas? And if you look closely here you would see why we made that statement. This is a pillar holding up the forty (40) year old Paradise Island Bridge. This single pillar has multiple cracks in it. And as taken in this photo is puttied with some tar glue. WOW another patched job, on a bridge that have a daily traffic jam, commuting some 7,000 workers from Atlantis alone, not to mention residents and tourist. Who is inspecting this bridge? And if this is the pillars above the water, could you imagine the pillars under the water? This then leaves us with this question. With all these cracks in a single pillar and visible cracks in others, is the old Paradise Island bridge safe for commuters?
Nassau, Bahamas: Visible signs of wear and tear can be seen on this and other pillars holding up the Paradise Island Bridge. Officials should concern themselves with the old bridge as this is just one of several visible cracks seen on this single pillar. Others signs of strain can be seen on others. The old bridge is over 40 years old and recently the ministry of works noted that they are looking for companies to do its inspection underwater.
Packed with rush hour traffic, the 1,907-foot bridge collapsed in the Mississippi River, leaving scores of commuters scrambling for their lives. That incident caused a nationwide inspection of all bridges in America.
The 7,000 plus workers of Atlantis and the millions of guest who must exit Paradise Island should not be trusting their journey across an 'old bridge' in such a terrible condition. This is an accident just waiting to happen!
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No Not the putty!!!!!!!!!!I've heard of spit and glue but putty??? this is a fille not an adhesive!!
Maintenance has always been a weak point for all governing administrations. The mantra seems to be to only fix something when its beyond broken. The word preventative maintenance doesnt exist in the minds of the people that run this country.
But the bridge isnt the only piece of infrastructure that is crumbling. Look at the state of some of the government buildings, schools, the poor state of roads, malfunctioning red lights, BEC generators and old aircraft that Bahamas Air always buys. There is a pattern with Bahamian governments; buy on the cheap and only replace when the public demands it.
Just think of the amount of money the government would save if they had a serviceable maintenance plan in the Ministry of Works, BEC, BATELCO, Water & Sewerage, and the Port & Aviation Department.
Bahamian governments normally wait until a catastrophe, a general election or an international body shinning light bringing national shame before they do something.
Its sad, but whats even sadder is that we have accepted this behavior by our governments as normal.
Yiou Govt Ministers that come to this site to collect information should now ensure that remedial steps are taken to look at all bridges to guiarantee all of our safety.Criticism is good if acted on and as a citizen I implore the Govt agency resposible for bridges to move quickly in getting the necessary repairs done.
Just like all the other infrastructure in the country-going to hell while FNM minister ; surrogates and goons line their pockets with taxpauyers' money.
The bridge at Fresh Creek is in worse shape and has been for several years. A tanker collided with the bridge in strong winds and cracked the coums. If you passed under that bridge you would never drive over it. It's the life line for all the workers going to Autec. This needs to be addressed before something really happens.
The P.I. Bridge Authority has been a cash cow for Somebody (???) and they Ain't thought twice about fixing or Maintaining it properly!They still pocketing the Money!
I am from the island of Nassau and I am quite concerned that the PI Bridge really needs to be fixed. There is too much money in the Bahamas for this not to be corrected. Let's not wait until something horrible happens, lets fix it now because those people that go to work and cross that bridge everyday is what makes the Bahamas #1 and we should make sure that they are safe and secure. We need our Bahamian people to take a stand and get this bridge and all bridges in the Bahamas inspected NOW. The saying "It's Better in The Bahamas" let us make it better and get our streets, bridges and buildings safe for our Bahamain people to live, work & play. LET US ALL WORK TOWARDS GETTING THESE PROBLEMS RESOLVED AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.


As oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Drs. Broadbent, Chandler, Liston and McCormick manage a wide variety of problems relating to the mouth, teeth and facial regions. We practice a full scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery with expertise ranging from dental implant surgery and wisdom tooth removal to corrective jaw surgery. This also includes training in anesthesia and techniques designed to rebuild bone structure. We also diagnose and treat facial pain, facial injuries, fractures and trauma.
If you have a question about a procedure you do not see listed here, please contact our office 801-779-0506.


Im not tooo old for halloween.
Im gunna be a witch with my dog. I got my outfit in the package today.
That very cute. I wish i knew how to make my own halloween accessories.
You are one cute witch! Nice costume!
Nice costume! Also your dog looks really cute in that costume!
Nice costume. Your dog is cute.
I luf it. U look so cute. Ur never to old for halloween. NEVER.
Thanks everyone for your supplement!
You're so beautiful! You're tall, blonde, and cute! Also, your dog is adorable. You guys make quite the team. Adorable costume(s).
I love ur costumeee ahhhhhhh.
Subject: Re: my halloween costume?


text:
Cura peut désigner :
Cura, instrument à cordes pincées de la musique turque
Cura, genre de vers plats de la famille Dugesiidae
La Cura, île de la lagune de Venise
Cura, allégorie romaine
CURA, Institute on Culture, Religion, and World Affairs de l'Université de Boston, fondé par le théologien et sociologue américain Peter L. Berger
Ultimaker Cura, anciennement Cura, un logiciel libre de découpe (slicer en anglais) pour impression 3D fourni par la société Ultimaker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
. February 22, 2020
The landscape has drastically changed, especially when it comes to doing business in the 21st century. Hitherto the turn of the millennia, terms like; working online, mobile money transfer, social media, were unheard of and operating a business was very much a brickand-mortar affair.
However, thanks to this ever-shape-shifting enigma called technology; innovation in the tech world has become the ultimate disruptor of the century and has inspired a paradigm shift, whose value proposition has been to simplify processes. It is now easier than ever to start, operate and scale a business regardless of its nature. A published paper titled Internationalization of Firms, Innovation and productivity co-authored by Iulia, Xiaoheng, and Brian discovered that firms that are closer to the technology frontier had higher labour productivity. Foreign entry had a positive effect on labour productivity. In Africa, Kenya best exemplifies the adaptive and mutating abilities of the internet. The
mobile money transfer phenomenon has been a tremendous success, baffling even the innovation
pacesetters of the West. As of April 2016, Kenya had a mobile penetration rate of 90% accounting
for 39 million Kenyans.
Smartphone uptake stood at 44% while the number of mobile money subscribers stood at 26.3 million. From these numbers, 227 million transactions were made with the transaction value at Kshs.420 billion.


text:
Haywood Spine and Nerve Chiropractic Center
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kids and chiropractic
Dr Craig Gibson
Scoliosis and Chiropractic Treatment
Scoliosis and Chiropractic Treatment At Chiro One Wellness Centers, one of the conditions we commonly see in our offices is scoliosis. While kids are the largest groups affected by scoliosis, adults can suffer as well. Find out what else you should know about this common condition and how chiropractic care can help.
What is scoliosis? Scoliosis is a spinal disorder traditionally defined as a sideways curvature (or curvatures) of the spine. Often, the curves appear S-shaped or C-shaped. The most common form of scoliosis is idiopathic, which accounts for about 80 percent of scoliosis cases.
Unfortunately—and frustratingly—idiopathic means "without known cause," meaning experts don't have all the answers for sufferers. Other forms of scoliosis are:
Congenital Curve (meaning you were born with the issue) Paralytic Curve (meaning the muscles don't work) Myopathic Deformity (meaning the muscles don't work properly) Secondary (caused by a secondary condition, such as degeneration, osteoporosis or osteomalacia)
Who is affected? Scoliosis affects between 6 and 9 million people—around two to three percent of the population—in the United States. Of those suffering from the disorder, children aged 10 to 15 are the largest age group, and girls are more often affected than boys. While it's common in this age and gender group, there is a growing population of adults who have scoliosis.
What causes scoliosis? As mentioned above, most cases of scoliosis are without a known cause. Some cases, such as congenital scoliosis, do have a known cause. In congenital scoliosis, the curves are thought to be due to abnormally formed vertebrae, present at birth.
What are the signs and symptoms? Typically, those who have scoliosis won't experience back pain, so it's important to look for physical signs such as:
Uneven shoulders or a shoulder blade that protrudes farther than the other when standing A rib hump (rib prominence) or a lower back hump (lumbar prominence) when bending forward One hip may appear higher than the other
The Cobb Method
The main part of the diagnosis is the measurement of the curve, which is measured using the Cobb method. A positive diagnosis is determined by a curve greater than 10 degrees. A curve greater than 25 to 30 degrees is considered significant. And a curve exceeding 45 to 50 degrees is considered severe.
How is scoliosis diagnosed? Scoliosis can be diagnosed using medical and family history, a physical examination and X-rays of the spine. Be sure be checked by a professional, the signs of scoliosis are subtle and can be easily missed.
What are the treatment options? There are several options for treating scoliosis, such as chiropractic, observation and bracing. Studies have shown active chiropractic treatment has improved the Cobb angle and pain scores. At our clinics, we offer an adult brace that helps to relieve pain, improve posture, reduce pressure and more.
Experts agree that scoliosis is best treated when found early—so if you suspect scoliosis or are unsure, it's best to get checked right away.
There is an urgent problem facing our community where families are being compromised due to misinformation about health. Americans have never been as sick, diseased, or symptomatic as we are today. There are an endless amount of people who are suffering, who have been through the ringer and have tried anything and everything to no avail.
Schedule an appointment to talk to our doctor about how chiropractic
may be able to help you take your health to the next level.
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On March 25th, our 8 month old baby had what I now know was a seizure. Her eyes had a still stare, and her mouth started turning blue. My husband took her inside and looked her over. She was tired and we were questioning what had just happened. Was she really blue? I think she had done something similar before in the middle of the night, so we thought maybe it was just a sleepy baby. After a perfect Easter Day, April 8th she did it again. Something was very wrong. We took her to the doctor first thing in the morning. The doctor ordered an EEG for Wednesday, but she had another episode that day after lunch. I was able to catch some of it on video to show the doctor. They immediately admitted us to Cox hospital where the MRI showed a tumor. We were flown to St. Louis Children's Hospital that evening. We were told she would have an operation to remove it, but after meeting with her neurosurgeon, he confirmed that the tumor was in a very dangerous location and we need to find out what we are dealing with. She was given a skeletal x-ray, lumbar puncture, blood tests, and finally a brain biopsy. We were sent home on April 15th. One week after the biopsy on April 20th, the diagnosis was given. Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma.
"The patient is a 9 month old girl who presented to an outside hospital with a two week history of intermittent staring spells associated with shallow breathing and periorbital cyanosis. MRI showed an heterogeneously enhancing intra- and extra-axial mass centered in the left Sylvian fissure, with adjacent cyst-like components, vasogenic edema, leptomeningeal enhancement, and dural thickening. The mass encases the left middle cerebral artery."
There stated is our biggest issue, "encases the left middle cerebral artery". Our neurosurgeon has an excellent reputation and had recommended we remove the largest portion and leave the encased section on the cerebral artery. The removal of the largest portion would leave her with a spastic right arm. It would not be usable and be curled up. If he removes the artery section it would also leave her leg unusable. Her memory, speech, and facial expression would move to the right side of her brain. The risk of stroke during operation is very high.
At this moment, our beautiful baby girl has no idea she has a tumor. She is happy, learning to crawl, and loves playing with her 5 year old sister and 4 year old brother. We are in a waiting period to do anything right now because she is still technically recovering from the biopsy. We are collecting all the information we can find on chemo treatments that others have had with this same treatment. I am so frightened of the chemo and what lies ahead for her. I want to be as informed as I can and make the right decisions. We have a couple second opinions we are waiting on this week as well. I'm looking for chemo or other treatments (not radiation) that will stop it from growing or even shrink it enough so she doesn't have to be on seizure medication. Right now, our last resort is the surgery, which ironically is the best cure for DIG. I think there must be at least 5000 people praying for our little darling. I don't want to make her sick from chemo that doesn't work, she seems so healthy and happy. She is still nursing, eats a mainly organic diet, and I have eliminated any sweet tastes of anything and also meat from her diet. You would never know she was sick if it wasn't for the stitches that go from the top of her fore-head down to her ear.
We are looking for any information that parents and caregivers can give us that actually works for a DIG.
Our daughter has been undergoing a non-traditional type of treatment that began in May 2012. Since her treatment began, she has shown a 56% reduction in her tumor. Her seizures have stopped and our biggest issue at the moment is a very large cyst that we are keeping and eye on. We are still interested in finding other parents and caregivers who's child has been diagnosed with a DIG. We know we could have a long way to go, by our daughter is healty and happy and we continue to do whatever we can to give her the best treatment and care.


Teaching Science with Art: Inspiring Creativity with Special Educational Needs.
At BOM we believe in the power of art across many areas of our lives; mental well-being, education, our economy and beyond.
Encourage more students with autism to consider careers in STEM subjects.
We were able to secure support from the Paul Hamlyn Foundation to carry out the work. We collaborated with eight artists and creatives who worked with students and teachers at Baskerville School to deliver lessons for the KS3 Science Curriculum. We delivered 29 planned sessions (58 separate lessons) to two student groups. During the programme we covered 8 separate topics (Plant and animal cells, Unicellular organisms, Photosynthesis, Structure and function of human skeleton and muscles, Gas exchange system in humans/mechanism of breathing, Waves, Sound waves and Light).
Matt Gale – an artist whose research examines the privileging influence of science and the authority it can confer within society.
Sue Brisco – an artist who is excited and passionate about science inspired art and drawing as an art form. She is particularly interested in unseen worlds and landscapes such as the microscopic and macroscopic.
Halina Dominska – describes herself 'a hybrid artist'. Her practice explores the human use of space, movement and touch to bring about a connected experience, which often plays with personal invisible boundaries.
Laurie Ramsell – an artist whose work explores what makes humans 'human' using biological materials & technologies such as 3D printing.
Jon Wood – a scientist and a science presenter with an interest in how the history of experimentation has left us with a legacy of great things to demonstrate in a fun way.
Melissa Grant / Sarah Kuehne – Biochemists passionate about science-art partnerships and Bio-Art.
– The project evidenced that teaching science through art did improve engagement and attainment of the students participating. This is based on observation statistics gathered and analysed throughout the activity.
– Evidence captured that science sessions can be successfully delivered through art with benefit to the students.
– The project successfully demonstrated that teachers can be empowered by the development of skills in areas other than their own subject. Working with and alongside artists enabled the teachers and teaching assistants to develop knowledge of different art forms and scientific ideas. This has empowered staff, and given them a new boost of enthusiasm for teaching their subject. We anticipate that this will result in higher achieving and more motivated students leading to higher achievements across STEAM subjects.
– Evidence has shown that cross department collaboration improved students' experiences of learning.
– Staff gained new insights into how art skills and knowledge can be incorporated in STEM subjects. This has raised the value teachers ascribe to art as a subject in education.
– The project demonstrated to teachers that re-thinking the way curriculum is delivered can be at a small cost, using already existing equipment (as outlined in the STEAM Recipe Book).
– The project evidenced that visual and kinaesthetic learning styles are preferred by students used in this sample (all students are on the autistic spectrum) and evidence shows that engaging students through artistic activities increases attainment.
– The project proved that students ability to 'think outside of the box' was increased. The programme required learners to think creatively and problem solve, so activities which promoted these skills were used to develop confidence in trying new ways of working.
– Expansion of knowledge of careers in arts and creative technology was achieved and students awareness of what they could do after studying science and / or art was improved by artists presenting their practices and explaining what they do for a living. By working with artists, scientists and creative technologists, students gained better understanding of job opportunities, networks, creative communities and arts-science practices and this will enable them to make informed career choices in the future.
– The project demonstrated that employing artists to facilitate educational activities is beneficial for educational organisations, students and artists themselves, as they gain employment and are able to share their practice.
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text:
The action by the Staff Academic Association is regrettable and very unfortunate – Prof Balunywa
byGILBERT KAZIBWE | PML Daily CORRESPONDENT
Prof. Waswa Balunywa, the Principal of Makerere University Business School (PHOTO/File).
KAMPALA – Makerere University Business School (MUBS) Principal Prof Wasswa Balunywa has described the action that was taken by the University's teaching staff association MUBAS as uncalled for at a time the country is battling the Coronavirus pandemic.
In a statement he issued, Prof Balunywa says that management has noted with regret the press conference and release by the executive of the Makerere University Academic Staff Association (MUBASA) in which they indicate that they have been suffering for ten years.
"For the purpose of record, the information that was provided was false. In 2015, the Government decided to enhance the salaries of employees in all public Universities. Due to various constraints, this process has never been completed. At that time, there were students who were in MUBS on staff development fellowships as Graduate Assistants and were not enhanced because they were not staff then," he says.
Balunywa adds that when they completed their studies, they (Management) requested that the Government enhances them but unfortunately due to budget constraints, this has not been finalized yet.
"MUBS management and Council has been in touch with the Government mainly the Ministry of Education and Sports, Ministry of Public Service and Ministry of Finance and attempts are being made to resolve this matter. The action by the Staff Academic Association is regrettable and very unfortunate because the Government has taken all the necessary initiatives to address this matter," he explains.
He added that "It is also unfortunate that as Government attempts to solve the problem that arose from the Coroavirus pandemic involving students in Universities, a small number of staff think it fit t not to teach."
Promising to refer the matter to the School Council who will take the necessary action, Prof Balunywa assured the finalists returning on October 15th that this supposed strike will not in any way affect their learning.
"I would like to assure the final year students who are reporting October 15th, 2020 tat this matter will be resolved in a very amicable manner. We will start off by training students in usage of the Online learning system and instructing them on the required SOPs. We are confident that final year students will be able to complete their studies as directed by the Government," he said.
Prof Balunywa's remarks come after Brian Muyomba, the chairperson Makerere University Business School Academic Staff Association (MUBASA) yesterday (Sunday 4th October) declared a sit-down strike calling upon students not to report to the institution expected to reopen on October 15 over their salaries.
Muyomba explained that for the last ten years, MUBS staff have been negotiating for fair pay in vain.
"We have been engaging management. They keep telling us that they are trying to lobby but for ten years there has to come a time of making hard decisions."
According to Muyomba, MUBS senior staff and management held a meeting on December 28, 2019 with President Museveni over the issue of salary harmonization.
He said that President Museveni promised that by July 2020, the matter would be resolved. First Lady and Education Minister Janet Museveni was present at the meeting.
Tags: Principal of Makerere University Business SchoolProf Waswa BalunywaStaff Academic Associationtop