text:
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                o.addItemToContainer(jItem, jContainer, ('append' === mode));
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                break;
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                    $(this).addClass(listSelectedClass);
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                    else {
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                    jItem.addClass(listSelectedClass);
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                    jItem = jList.find('.listt-item.selected:last');
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//                if (false === shift) {
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//                }
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        else if ('insertItemAfter' === args[0]) {
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        else if ('getValues' === args[0]) {
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        else if ('disableItem' === args[0]) {
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        else if ('enableItem' === args[0]) {
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        }
        else if ('disableGroup' === args[0]) {
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        }
        else if ('enableGroup' === args[0]) {
            return enableGroup($(this), args[1]);
        }
        else if ('disableItems' === args[0]) {
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        }
        else if ('selectItems' === args[0]) {
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        }
        else if ('enableAll' === args[0]) {
            return enableAll($(this));
        }
        else if ('disableAll' === args[0]) {
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        }
        else if ('deselectItem' === args[0]) {
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        }
        else if ('selectItem' === args[0]) {
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        }
        else if ('selectItemExclusive' === args[0]) {
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        else if ('selectAll' === args[0]) {
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        else {
            if (pea.isArrayObject(args[0])) {
                var options = args[0];
                var o = $.extend({
                    _bottom: false,
                    _last: null,
                    _arrow: null
                }, $.fn.listt.defaults, options);

                return this.each(function () {
                    var jList = $(this);
                    var events = {
                        mouseSelect: $.Callbacks("unique"),
                        mouseMove: $.Callbacks("unique"),
                        keyboardSelect: $.Callbacks("unique"),
                        keyboardMove: $.Callbacks("unique")
                    };
                    buildList(jList, o.values, o, events, 0);
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                    if (null !== o.keyboardMove) {
                        events.keyboardMove.add(o.keyboardMove);
                    }
                    jList.data('listtEvents', events);

                    jList.off('click.listt');
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                        events.mouseSelect.fire(e);
                    });

                    delegatedCallbacks.add('keypress', function (e) {
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                            events.keyboardMove.fire(e);
                        }
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    $.fn.listt.defaults = {
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        multiple: false,
        listenToKeyboard: false,
        keyboardMoveAllowBlank: true,
        keyboardMoveCycle: true,
        groupLabelKey: '_label',
        disabledItems: [],
        selectedItems: [],
        getItemHtml: function (value, level) {
            var html = pea.strRepeat(' ', level * 8) + value;
            return '
' + html + '
';
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        getGroupHtml: function (title, level) {
            var html = pea.strRepeat(' ', (level * 8) + 4) + title;
            var s = '
';
            s += '
' + html + '
';
            s += '

';
            s += '
';
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        },
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        },
        appendGroupToContainer: function (jGroup, jContainer, level) {
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                jContainer.append(jGroup);
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            else {
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            }
        },
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                if (false === next) {
                    if (0 == ind && true === o.keyboardMoveAllowBlank) {

                    }
                    else {

                        var n = parseInt(ind - 1);
                        if (n < 0) {
                            if (false === o.keyboardMoveCycle) {
                                n = 0;
                            }
                        }
                        jRet = items.eq(n);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    var max = items.length;
                    var n = parseInt(ind + 1);
                    if (n >= max) {
                        if (true === o.keyboardMoveAllowBlank) {
                            if (false === o.keyboardMoveCycle) {
                                o._bottom = true;
                            }
                            return jRet;
                        }
                        if (true === o.keyboardMoveCycle) {
                            n = 0;
                        }
                        else {
                            n = max - 1;
                        }
                    }
                    jRet = items.eq(n);
                }
            }
            return jRet;
        },
        click: function (key, value, jItem, jList) {

        },
        mouseSelect: null,
        keyboardSelect: null,
        keyboardMove: null
    };

}(jQuery));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Happy New Year, 6 months for Challenge San Gil Querétaro 2016!!
A great start the first two months of registrations for the 2016 Challenge San Gil Querétaro Triathlon. With a new record of pre registrations the event passed the 120 athletes ready to race the 3 of July event. More than 1,300 triathletes are expected to race.
Challenge San Gil will include a multisport weekend with kids and women races, as well as a Sprint Triathlon that will be raced in the same weekend of the 113K Challenge San Gil Triathlon.
Athletes from all over Mexico, the United States and Canada had register with the special 2015 discounted entry fees.
Keep the good training, and the best wishes for the New Year.


text:
Supreme Court tells parties in contraceptive mandate cases to figure it out
Posted by Michael Peabody	/ May 16, 2016
Today the U.S. Supreme Court asked the parties to the contraceptive mandate cases (known collectively as Zubik v. Burwell ) to go back to the drawing table and figure out how a way to accommodate both the religious beliefs of religious employers who felt that providing health insurance that included contraception as mandated by the Affordable Care Act and the rights of women to federally guaranteed health coverage. (Slip opinion.)
Although some immediately responded that this was a victory for the Little Sisters of the Poor and other charities, what this decision does is open the door to negotiating a peaceful resolution in a way that keeps existing rights and freedoms intact. In this case, the nonprofit religious employers were invoking the Religious Freedom Restoration Act to claim that even the opt-out provision from the contraceptive mandate itself, which requires self-certification, burdened their religion "substantially."
By advocating an "all or nothing approach," the organizations might have pushed RFRAThe Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 is a federal law that protects the free exercise of religion rights of individuals and corporations (Hobby Lobby) against encroachment by the federal government. to the breaking point leading to its eventual demise in Congress had the Supreme Court ruled in their favor.
After hearing oral argumentAn opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions. in March, the Court requested supplemental briefs to address the question of whether contraceptive coverage could be provided to the employees directly by the insurance companies without the notice from the religious employers. Perhaps in recognition of the long-term perils faced by both parties, today the Court took on the role of a mediator going as far as to outline a potential, but not mandatory, pathway toward resolution.
After reviewing the new briefs,the Court found that both sides admitted that it would be possible to find a way to give employees knowledge of coverage without the involvement of employers. The religious organizations had already said that their free exercise of religion would not be infringed upon if they did nothing more than have a contract for a plan from the insurance company. Here, the same insurance company could give the coverage to the employees "cost-free." In other words, the employers aren't specifically paying for the contraception coverage and the employees still get it seamlessly "for free." Don't think about it too hard – yes, somebody will pay for that coverage, and it won't be the taxpayers.
The Court's proposal is perhaps a Catholic equivalent to a Shabbos goy, but it might just provide enough distance between the employer and contraception coverage to keep everybody happy and RFRA safe for another day.
The Court isn't mandating that the parties accept this plan, but the Court proposed it as a possibility and asks the Courts of Appeals "allow the parties sufficient time to resolve any outstanding issues between them."
Maybe the "alternative dispute resolution" approach will ultimately be the best approach even this late in the game.
Sorry, but you cannot leave a comment for this post.
I don't know that the United States is 'God's Country,' but the church has been so strong here, and because of its influence, we hold life to be sacred and we believe that individuals have dignity. This is part of our legacy.
— Rich Mullins
Lautenberg Act, Created to Give Religious Immigrants a Fast Pass, in Jeopardy
Rwandan pastor models extreme forgiveness by serving those who killed his family
God is Not a Torturer: Debunking the Doctrine of Eternal Torment
Home » Supreme Court tells parties in contraceptive mandate cases to figure it out

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


World Literature Today, the University of Oklahoma's award-winning magazine of international literature. WLT is also the sponsor of the $50,000 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the Puterbaugh Conferences on World Literature.
Words Without Borders (WWB) opens doors to international exchange through translation, publication, and promotion of the world's best writing.
Explores the role of the translator and the challenges of translation.
The AWWP is aimed at allowing Afghan women to have a direct voice in the world.
Works in translation are a thoroughly neglected segment of the American literary market, and InTranslation has been created to serve readers, by exposing them to writers and writing they might not otherwise see, and translators, by making samples of their work accessible to those who may wish to publish it.
The International PEN Women Writers' Committee was created in 1991 to address the special needs of women writers within the International PEN framework.


text:
Shake Out the Earthquake Dangers
Courtesy of David K. Lynch
Sarah Lemos, Photojournalist
Living in California, the citizens have become no stranger to the many earthquakes. The fault has made historical moments from destroying towns to just having to postpone the World Series. Taking procedures on how to protect yourself from the dangers have been taught since the first year of school. The Imperial and San Andreas fault lines have been causing some trouble for those living on the line.
Over 80 earthquakes have been reported in the past two weeks and around 45 of them were over a 3.0. No injuries were reported during these shakes. The biggest earthquake reported was a 4.9 about 22 miles from Westmorland. The earthquakes reported were around the Brawley seismic zone, small fault lines connected by Imperial and San Andreas fault lines. Some suggest the San Andreas fault line is too far from the Imperial fault line to cause a big earthquake. The largest reported in the Brawley seismic zone ever was a 5.8. People aren't feeling in danger while living in the zone because it's a low-risk area.
Growing up in California, people have learned the necessary procedures to protect themselves since kindergarten. Every year, there's an annual day called the Great Shake Out where students all over California go through the procedures to remain safe. Nadine Kashou (11) gave her views on earthquake safety, " It's important to know how to protect yourself and others when a sudden earthquake hits." On the 15th, students will be participating online due to Covid-19. This made many questions come up asking how one might take part in the Great Shakeout. You can properly do the right procedures while staying safe at home explained on the website. Covid-19 has put a halt to the usual shake out procedures, however, "as with any year, you can ShakeOut when and where you want, whether that's at home, work, school, or perhaps through a video conference with people working or taking classes from home" (www.shakeout.org). All you need is a table to take cover and hold onto until it ends. Other tips are listed on the site for families to go over. Learning how to protect yourself is valuable information when an earthquake occurs as they can be very unpredictable in strength and damage.
Earthquakes have always been a part of the life of a Californian, and so is having safety measures on dealing with the dangers of them. It's normal for students to talk about how they deal with earthquakes, but to those outside of California, the idea of an earthquake is strange. Being prepared for one at any moment is important as there's been a recent increase in activity. Protecting yourself and others from harm can save lives especially during a strong earthquake. Remember to keep your head under the table and hold on tight to a table leg or so. Staying alive is your main focus when one occurs.
Sarah Lemos is a Sophomore at Yorba Linda High School. She loves listening to music and running around with friends. She is a part of the cross country...
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text:
WiLAN: Release of Markman order
Judge Leonard Davis of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas issued a claims construction Opinion and Order, on May 16, 2012, in ongoing litigations between WiLAN and defendants Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc., Ericsson Inc., Exedea Inc., HTC America, Inc., HTC Corporation, Sony Mobile Communications (USA) Inc., Sony Mobile Communications AB and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson.
In the litigations, WiLAN is alleging infringement on four patents including U.S. Patent Nos. 6,222,819, 6,381,211, 6,088,326 and 6,195,327. The claim construction hearing, also known as the Markman hearing, with respect to these Patents was held before Judge Davis on April 26, 2012. In the Order, the Court adopted interpretations that WiLAN believes are favorable to the company on all of the claim terms that were in dispute in the litigation. In particular, the Court rejected all ten of the defendants' proposed constructions in the Patents and often adopted WiLAN's constructions verbatim, a press release reads. "We are very pleased with the Court's claim constructions and the timeliness of the release of the Markman Order," said Jim Skippen, President & CEO. "We believe that the constructions enable WiLAN to demonstrate infringement of the patents by the defendants' 3G HSPA base station and handset products. We remain very confident of our position in this case."
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Miranda Lambert made history at the American Country Music (ACM) Awards on Sunday (15.04.18) as the artist with the most ever wins.
Miranda was one of three winners to pick up two awards on the night, with Chris Stapleton taking home the trophies for Male Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year for 'From A Room Vol. 1', and Brothers Osbourne snatching up Vocal Duo of the Year and Video of the Year for 'It Ain't My Fault'.
The award ceremony also saw Jason Aldean win Entertainer of the Year for the third year in a row, which he noted came after a ''rough year'' after he was the artist on stage at the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas last year, when a gunman opened fire on the crowd.


At last (I know you've been wondering), here's a video of the holiday performance at Hyla's school last Friday.
I took this video with Hyla's nifty little video camera just to test it out and I'm not really happy with the quality of the video, but I think that's my fault because I used the wrong setting and then wasn't sure how to fix it later or import it onto my computer correctly. Anyway, I think you can still make out Hyla's HUGE grin while she's playing "Good King Wenceslas" (did I spell that right?!).


Preparing for Passover can be a lot of fun, but it takes a lot of work. The most interesting part is the baking of the Matzoh.
In the Hasidic group in which I mingle, we bake our own Matzoh. This is not unusual among the Orthodox. One reason that we bake the matzos ourselves is because it is always better to have personal involvement in a mitzvah. The Torah commands us to eat matzos on the two nights of Passover, and everything done in preparation for that is part of the mitzvah. The participation in a mitzvah both ennobles the person, and raises the level of the observance of the mitzvah itself.
About thirty or so people form an association, and rent out the bakery for four hours. There's a job for everyone, and each association is planned exactly to fill the needed jobs. In the better associations, each participant gets about four to five pounds of matzoh per person.
It is necessary to understand that in addition to the Mitzvah of eating matzoh on the two nights of Passover, the Torah also forbids us to eat (or even have in our possession) chometz, leaven, or anything that has come into contact with leaven. So, everything we use for Passover must be free of leaven and bread. Of course, the very matzoh we eat must be made with the utmost care not to rise and become chometz. When we bake matzos, that is our primary concern.
If unbaked flour and water remain together for a period of 18 minutes, they automatically begin to leaven and rise. There are ways to slow down the process, and there are factors that can speed up the process. Therefore, we take great care not to allow the process of leavening to speed up.
especially free of any taint of flour, water, or dough.
First, paper is laid out over the tables where workers will be rolling the dough. Each worker receives a clean rolling pin. Meanwhile, a kneading bowl is prepared. The person in charge of that job washes the kneading bowl, then checks it to make sure there is no visible speck of dough in it. Even one speck of leavened dough can leaven an entire bowl of unleavened dough.
pedestal, the kneader calls for flour, and the flour is poured, in exact measurement. This flour has been guarded from liquid since the wheat was harvested.
cool to room temperature. The water is poured carefully so as not to raise flour dust that might float around and attach itself to an unwanted place, perhaps later coming into contact with water and creating leaven where and when we don't want it.
The kneader begins to mix the flour and dough.
A good kneader takes about 30 seconds to prepare a batch of dough. (The best kneaders can do it in 20 seconds.) The batch is rushed to the main table, where it is divided and dealt out to the rollers, who roll their pieces into matzohs.
Meanwhile, another bowl is brought to the kneader, and the process starts again, even while the rollers are still rolling out the first dough.
The flat pieces of dough, which has been rolled into matzoh shapes, are next perforated so there can be no air bubbles trapped inside to puff up the matzoh. Next they are placed in the oven, where, due to the extreme heat, they are fully baked about 2O seconds later.
This whole process, from the placing of water to the removal of a finished matzoh from the oven, takes about 3 minutes.
Leavening, under optimum conditions, takes about 18 minutes, so conditions are kept as preventive as possible. Every 18 minutes all utensils are changed, and all hands are washed. The rolling pins are exchanged for clean ones, usually cleaned by sanding with sandpaper.
After the matzos are taken out of the oven, they are checked through for possible problems, like trapped air bubbles, or folds of dough in which there might be unbaked flour. Of course, we take off «challah,» which the Torah commands us to remove from everything we bake and give to a kohen (Jewish priest of the Levite Tribe) who is ritually prepared. Unfortunately, it is impossible to have that ritual state today (see my article about rebuilding the Holy Temple), so we have to burn those small pieces of matzoh that have been separated and removed from the batch.
requested), and stored in a side room until they are divided among the workers.
Throughout the work, the mood is generally jovial, without our losing sight of the importance of the work. Often one of the guys will spontaneously break into song, and we'll all join him in one of those rollicking, delightfully syncopated tunes that Hassidim are famous for.
kneading bowls — not because no one wants to do it, but because not everyone can be trusted to do it properly. Anyone with a half hour of practice can roll out dough, but you can't train an eye to be efficient, or a person to be reliable and scrupulous. The same goes for the guys who clean the rolling pins.
Sometimes, what seems to be most menial of tasks is also the most responsible.


text:
package org.apache.camel.component.solr;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.activation.MimetypesFileTypeMap;

import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
import org.apache.camel.WrappedFile;
import org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultProducer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.SolrServer;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.ContentStreamUpdateRequest;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.DirectXmlRequest;
import org.apache.solr.client.solrj.request.UpdateRequest;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrException;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;

/**
 * The Solr producer.
 */
public class SolrProducer extends DefaultProducer {
    private SolrServer httpServer;
    private SolrServer concSolrServer;
    private SolrServer cloudSolrServer;

    public SolrProducer(SolrEndpoint endpoint, SolrServer solrServer, SolrServer concSolrServer, SolrServer cloudSolrServer) {
        super(endpoint);
        this.httpServer = solrServer;
        this.concSolrServer = concSolrServer;
        this.cloudSolrServer = cloudSolrServer;
    }

    private SolrServer getBestSolrServer(String operation) {
        if (this.cloudSolrServer != null) {
            return this.cloudSolrServer;
        } else if (SolrConstants.OPERATION_INSERT_STREAMING.equals(operation)) {
            return this.concSolrServer;
        } else {
            return this.httpServer;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void process(Exchange exchange) throws Exception {

        String operation = (String) exchange.getIn().getHeader(SolrConstants.OPERATION);

        if (operation == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(SolrConstants.OPERATION + " header is missing");
        }

        SolrServer serverToUse = getBestSolrServer(operation);

        if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_INSERT)) {
            insert(exchange, serverToUse);
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_INSERT_STREAMING)) {
            insert(exchange, serverToUse);
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_DELETE_BY_ID)) {
            serverToUse.deleteById(exchange.getIn().getBody(String.class));
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_DELETE_BY_QUERY)) {
            serverToUse.deleteByQuery(exchange.getIn().getBody(String.class));
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_ADD_BEAN)) {
            serverToUse.addBean(exchange.getIn().getBody());
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_ADD_BEANS)) {
            serverToUse.addBeans(exchange.getIn().getBody(Collection.class));
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_COMMIT)) {
            serverToUse.commit();
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_ROLLBACK)) {
            serverToUse.rollback();
        } else if (operation.equalsIgnoreCase(SolrConstants.OPERATION_OPTIMIZE)) {
            serverToUse.optimize();
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(SolrConstants.OPERATION + " header value '" + operation + "' is not supported");
        }
    }

    private void insert(Exchange exchange, SolrServer solrServer) throws Exception {
        Object body = exchange.getIn().getBody();
        boolean invalid = false;
        if (body instanceof WrappedFile) {
            body = ((WrappedFile<?>)body).getFile();
        }

        if (body instanceof File) {
            MimetypesFileTypeMap mimeTypesMap = new MimetypesFileTypeMap();
            String mimeType = mimeTypesMap.getContentType((File)body);
            ContentStreamUpdateRequest updateRequest = new ContentStreamUpdateRequest(getRequestHandler());
            updateRequest.addFile((File) body, mimeType);

            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : exchange.getIn().getHeaders().entrySet()) {
                if (entry.getKey().startsWith(SolrConstants.PARAM)) {
                    String paramName = entry.getKey().substring(SolrConstants.PARAM.length());
                    updateRequest.setParam(paramName, entry.getValue().toString());
                }
            }

            updateRequest.process(solrServer);

        } else if (body instanceof SolrInputDocument) {

            UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest(getRequestHandler());
            updateRequest.add((SolrInputDocument) body);

            updateRequest.process(solrServer);

        } else if (body instanceof List<?>) {
            List<?> list = (List<?>) body;

            if (list.size() > 0 && list.get(0) instanceof SolrInputDocument) {
                UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest(getRequestHandler());
                updateRequest.add((List<SolrInputDocument>) list);

                updateRequest.process(solrServer);
            } else {
                invalid = true;
            }

        } else {

            boolean hasSolrHeaders = false;
            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : exchange.getIn().getHeaders().entrySet()) {
                if (entry.getKey().startsWith(SolrConstants.FIELD)) {
                    hasSolrHeaders = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (hasSolrHeaders) {

                UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest(getRequestHandler());

                SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument();
                for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : exchange.getIn().getHeaders().entrySet()) {
                    if (entry.getKey().startsWith(SolrConstants.FIELD)) {
                        String fieldName = entry.getKey().substring(SolrConstants.FIELD.length());
                        doc.setField(fieldName, entry.getValue());
                    }
                }
                updateRequest.add(doc);
                updateRequest.process(solrServer);

            } else if (body instanceof String) {

                String bodyAsString = (String) body;

                if (!bodyAsString.startsWith("<add")) {
                    bodyAsString = "<add>" + bodyAsString + "</add>";
                }

                DirectXmlRequest xmlRequest = new DirectXmlRequest(getRequestHandler(), bodyAsString);

                solrServer.request(xmlRequest);
            } else {
                invalid = true;
            }
        }

        if (invalid) {
            throw new SolrException(SolrException.ErrorCode.BAD_REQUEST, "unable to find data in Exchange to update Solr");
        }
    }

    private String getRequestHandler() {
        String requestHandler = getEndpoint().getRequestHandler();
        return (requestHandler == null) ? "/update" : requestHandler;
    }

    @Override
    public SolrEndpoint getEndpoint() {
        return (SolrEndpoint) super.getEndpoint();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doShutdown() throws Exception {
        getEndpoint().onProducerShutdown(this);
    }

}


text:
package com.twitter.finagle.http

import com.twitter.finagle.Stack.Params
import com.twitter.finagle.client.Transporter
import com.twitter.finagle.{ServiceFactory, Service, Stack, Stackable, SimpleFilter}
import com.twitter.util.Future
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.{HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpHeaders}

/**
 * Adds the host headers to the
 * [[org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest]] for TLS-enabled requests.
 */
class TlsFilter(host: String) extends SimpleFilter[HttpRequest, HttpResponse] {
  def apply(req: HttpRequest, svc: Service[HttpRequest, HttpResponse]): Future[HttpResponse] = {
    req.headers.set(HttpHeaders.Names.HOST, host)
    svc(req)
  }
}

object TlsFilter {
  val role = Stack.Role("HttpTlsHost")

  def module: Stackable[ServiceFactory[HttpRequest, HttpResponse]] =
    new Stack.Module1[Transporter.TLSHostname, ServiceFactory[HttpRequest, HttpResponse]] {
      val role = TlsFilter.role
      val description = "Add host headers to TLS-enabled requests"
      def make(tlsHostname: Transporter.TLSHostname, next: ServiceFactory[HttpRequest, HttpResponse]) =
        tlsHostname match {
          case Transporter.TLSHostname(Some(host)) => new TlsFilter(host) andThen next
          case Transporter.TLSHostname(None) => next
        }
    }
}


text:
Airport as a U.S. Naval Auxiliary Air Station
The U.S. Naval Auxiliary Air Station in Arlington, Washington began in 1940, when the Navy leased the airstrip from the town of Arlington to supplement training facilities at Seattle. However, no important construction took place until 1942. In that year the Navy permitted the Army to develop the field as a strategic base for medium bombers to counteract the Japanese invasion of the Aleutians. The Army purchased additional land, and the Osberg Construction Company, under Army contract, constructed two 5,000 by 150-foot, asphalt-surfaced runways with connecting taxiways and hard standings for dispersal of planes, a control tower, a well, and living and messing facilities for 50 officers and men in theatre-of-operations buildings, completing the work about March 1943.
Early in 1943 the Japanese threat in the Aleutians diminished and at the same time the Naval carrier program required additional training fields within reach of gunnery ranges in the Puget Sound area. Accordingly the Naval Air Center, Seattle, resumed control of the field, arranged for purchase by the Navy of Army facilities, and contracted with the Austin Company to build the following at a cost of $917,000:
Central heating plant
Eight enlisted Barracks
Ship's Service
Supply Warehouse
Theater-Recreation building
Two BOQs
The Army retained only the right to joint use of these facilities if again required as a strategic base. This continuing possibility of strategic use is reflected in the location of the barracks nearly a mile from the hangar and in the retention of trees and underbrush as natural camouflage.
On 26 June 1943 the station was commissioned under authority of General Order 161. Captain C. A. F. Sprague, then Commandant, of the Naval Air Center, addressed several hundred contractors' employees and visitors from Arlington and Seattle. Lieutenant Leland L. Wilder, A-V (N), USNR, took command with Lieutenant Elmous M. Mead, A-V (S), and USNR, as executive officer. Both were to serve through the duration of the war.
At this time construction under the original contract was about 50% complete. Limited berthing and messing accommodations were available, and on 2 July VB-139 reported aboard for operational training. Between then and the cessation of hostilities twelve composite squadrons and six light air groups followed one another to Arlington. Their personnel included 732 officers and 2,229 enlisted men.
Operating experience soon showed need for several major improvements to the station. First and most important, the persistent northwesterly wind, blowing across both the north-south and northeast-southwest runways, presented a hazard to the operation of F4F-type planes because of their narrow-gauge landing gear. A request for a third runway was initiated in the fall of 1943, but authorization to build was not received until early 1945. The Northwest Construction Company obtained the contract for construction of this runway and connecting taxiways and for elimination of ditches parallel to existing runways, which had proved unnecessary for drainage and hazardous to planes. At the same time flush lighting was installed along all three runways and the principal taxiways. Work was completed 21 August 1945.
A second defect in the station as initially laid out was the water bound macadam roads. These created a serious dust problem in summer, and in winter their surface softened under the rains, and deep "pot holes" developed, causing much damage to vehicles. Arrangements were made for penetrating oil treatment by an Army contractor in 1943 and by F. Birch and Sons Company under Navy contracts in 1944. On both occasions work began late in the fall and was prematurely halted by the winter rains. Finally in September 1945 the Birch Company completed road-mix asphalt surfacing of all principal roads and parking areas.
Magazines & Firehouse Construction
The original plan of the station did not include either magazines or a firehouse. It was soon apparent that existing Army buildings were unsuitable in construction and location for these purposes. In the spring of 1944 the Atherton Construction Company was awarded a contract to erect five magazines in the unused area south of the runways. The following fall Vickers Construction Company constructed a new firehouse adjacent to the north-south runway. The choice of this location, close to the flying field and equidistant from hangar and barracks area, has proved wise, since it permits combined action by crash and fire crews in either type of emergency with a consequent reduction in the strength of both.
Major Construction Projects
In addition to such improvements as these, three important construction projects were undertaken to accommodate new functions of the activity. First was the expansion of facilities for servicing aircraft. Originally this function was performed by the Fifth Service Division of Headquarters Squadron Six at Naval Air Station, Whidbey Island (One officer and 75 to 100 men) and by enlisted personnel of the carrier squadrons. The only work spaces available were small shops in the hangar and a row of moveable sheds south of the hangar. Operations were limited to routine engine checks and minor repairs.
In the fall of 1944 as part of a general expansion of station functions the Gaasland Construction Company was awarded a contract to erect south of the hangar Class "C" overhaul buildings, consisting of an Overhaul Building, an Armory, a Radio and Radar Building, and two portable paint shops. A detachment of Carrier Aircraft Service Unit 7 took over the operation of these shops, which were equipped to service engines, air frames, propellers, instruments, and electronic equipment. The strength of this detachment varied, but at its peak included about 12 officers and 500 enlisted men.
Coincident with the development of these overhaul facilities was the institution of a ground training program for pilots and air crewmen. In the fall of 1944 a temporary layout of turrets and special devices was set up in an unused Army building, and a temporary shotgun range was put into operation. Meanwhile the Gaasland Company began work on a standard fifty-man Ground Training building for instruction in free and fixed gunnery, link trainers, communication, navigation, and recognition. As part of the same program Gaasland built a bore sighting range for test-firing fixed guns in planes, shot-gun ranges for trapshooting and for high-tower, modified and regulation skeet, and an airplane sighting range, where gunners estimate range on actual planes in flight. A new station department consisting of 5 officers and 26 men manned these facilities and supplemented them with a pistol range and malfunction range where gunners could test-fire guns which they had inspected and assembled.
Maintenance Shops & Garage
The third major addition to station facilities was the maintenance shops and garage. The original complement of the station included a number of artificer ratings, and it was contemplated that these plus a small civilian crew would perform the functions of the Public Works and Transportation Departments. However the task of maintaining over 100 vehicles and the numerous structures of the station proved to require an increasing number of civilian specialists, who needed space, tools, and equipment to do the job. The Gaasland contract therefore included a new garage, a public works building (housing the joiner and plumbing shops), a paint shop, and a lumber storage building. Increasing emphasis on replacement of Naval personnel by civilians led eventually to the employment of 67 civilians in the Public Works Department and 30 in Transportation.
By 14 August 1945 Arlington was a well-balanced station equipped to support two light carrier Air groups for either day or night operations. No major projects were pending at that time, and it was felt that none remained to be undertaken unless a significant addition was made to the functions of the station.
At the close of World War II, the U.S military reduced funding and operations around the United States. On October 10, notification was received from the Chief of Naval Operations that Arlington would be reduced to a caretaker status on 1 December 1945.
Airport's Early Beginning
The Airport After the Air Station
The Airport Today


The AB Sciex Triple Quad 4500 with Shimadzu HPLC has been redesigned from top to bottom to bring you excellent sensitivity and thorough data in a more compact easy to house footprint.
The AB Sciex Triple Quad 4500 with Shimadzu HPLC has been redesigned from top to bottom to bring you excellent sensitivity and thorough data in a more compact easy to house footprint. This triple quad mass spectrometer has improved upon the Sciex 4000 QQQ Mass Spectrometer platform, for even better quantitative sensitivity, allow you to expand the range of experiments you can preform, beyond MRM, so you can have confidence in the resulting datas quality. The quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with linear accelerator trap technology, that delivers up to a 100-fold increase to MS/MS sensitivity, and gives a more accurate detection, quantification and confirmation of compounds. The Triple Quad mass spectrometer uses this increased sensitivity to detect low analyte concentrations, a dynamic range for high to low concentrations, scan speed, and ionization source flow range.
AB Sciex Table and Vacuum pump enclosure.
PC With Analyst Software, monitor, keyboard and mouse.


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text:
Ilmor To Miss Tests In Sepang And Phillip Island
Submitted by Kropotkin on Fri, 2007-01-05 12:11
MotoGrandPrix.it and Motorfreaks.nl are reporting that Ilmor will not be present at the next two MotoGP pre-season tests, to be held at Sepang in Malaysia and Phillip Island in Australia. The reasons that Ilmor give are that testing so far away from their base at Northampton in England makes it very difficult to make changes to the bikes when they are so far from home. Ilmor have chosen instead to spend more time developing the engine on the dyno and test bench, to try and improve the reliability of the bike. The electrical failure at Estoril and the problems during testing have highlighted severe shortcomings in this area, rather unsurprisingly for a new motorcycle. However, Ilmor may also spend their time trying to get more power out of the X3's V4 powerplant, as the bike has shown a rather alarming deficit at its outings so far.
Ilmor's withdrawal from the tests also highlights one of the biggest problems facing MotoGP teams: Cold hard cash. The arrival of the four strokes also heralded the necessity of big budgets for engine development, four strokes being inherently more complex than the old 500 cc two stroke engines. The cost of leasing a 500 cc two stroke was around the $1 million mark, where the cost of leasing a Honda RC211V was reputed to be over three times as much, a figure which surely reflects the increased cost factor of engine development. Add to this the cost of shipping a team of engineers, riders, several motorcycles and a veritable treasure trove of racing motorcycle parts halfway around the globe to several venues for extensive testing, at events with little media exposure, and you start to get an idea of the very large sums of money involved in modern MotoGP racing. Despite MotoGP's growing popularity, even outside of its core markets in Southern Europe, and despite some of the best MotoGP racing for years, indeed, some of the most exciting motorsports racing on the planet in any category, it has proved hard to attract sponsors. The big tobacco firms are leaving, and their places are being filled very slowly. It is entirely possible that the team of Valentino Rossi, one of the highest profile figures in professional sports, may be left without a title sponsor next year (though he still has a number of personal sponsors).
If it's difficult for Yamaha and Valentino Rossi to find sponsorship, it is proving nigh on impossible for Ilmor. Rumors abound that one reason for Ilmor pulling out the Sepang and Phillip Island tests is avoiding the embarrassment of having engines blow up in front of potential sponsors. Ilmor will be hoping to iron out most of the engine and electronics bugs before taking part in the Qatar and Jerez IRTA tests. Let us hope that the work they do over the winter break will move them closer to a situation where finding a sponsor becomes a little easier.
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Dog Blog Post #126: Here's the run down of where we stand. I've included links when possible, not because I have anything to do with these companies (I don't) but because I like it myself when other people list what they are actually using.
Everything except the Soy Collar is something I've used before.
Baby Gate - same model we had before. A bit pricier than your standard wooden ones, but we really liked that it actually was a gate!
Puppy Collar - Made of Soy Fibers - how eco-friendly and cool is that!
Kong Stuff-a-Ball - for stuffing with peanut butter while he's in the crate.
Teething Stick Kongs - for stuffing with peanut butter while he's in the crate.
Nylabone Chew - for the crate.
Rawhide Chews - the ones that look like lollypop sticks.
Pine Shavings - what he's been trained on. We'll dump some on the grass in the ex-pen that surrounds the potty area and as it naturally disappears he'll get used to grass.
Nature's Miracle - Pet stain/odor remover - by the gallon.
12 rolls of paper towels. Yes, twelve big fatty rolls.
Dog Crates (2) - standard wire mesh. We've had them since Beau and I haven't a clue who made them, but I like them a lot. One's for day use (family room) and the other in our bedroom for night time use.
Ex-Pens (2) - again, had forever, no clue who made them but they are infinitely useful.
Puppy Bowl - same one Zachary used - small heavy ceramic. Paw prints. Really cute and matches the full-sized bowls.
Water Bowl - same two bowls. Also heavy ceramic.
ID Tag for collar - phone number only.


text:
CSR Cheat Sheet: Plastics war comes to Davos
By Oliver Balch on Jan 25, 2018
Big brands announce slew of recycling targets at WEF; growing gender pay gap; colleges falling short on sustainability teaching, SDG reporting grows
IT FEELS like you can't move for plastic these days. Not only is it filling our oceans (with volumes estimated at 12.7m tonnes) and our landfills, but – not before time – it is now filling our newspaper columns as well. And not just the environment pages, either. Last Friday UK food retailer Iceland committed to eliminating plastic packaging from its own brand products within five years. A survey commissioned by the retailer indicated that four-fifths (80%) of shoppers were supportive of the company going plastic-free. The OnePoll survey (based on 5,000 respondents) also found that 91% of customers would be more likely to recommend Iceland as a result. The retailer intends to use paper, glass, cellulose and metal, among other materials, to replace plastic in its 1,400 or so own-brand items.
Hot on Iceland's heels are some of the big guns of the beverage sector, which announced a string of initiatives at the World Economic Forum in Davos this week. As of 2025, Evian mineral water will be sold in 100% recycled plastic bottles exclusively, the Danone-owned water brand has announced. At present, Evian's bottles contain an average of 25% recycled plastic (although, as with many common consumer plastics, every bottle is technically recyclable).
US beverage giant Coca-Cola is promising to recycle a used bottle or can for every one it sells by 2030. Response has been mixed, with some environmentalists arguing that Coca-Cola should be looking more closely at its 500 or so branded drinks it sells in non-recycled, and sometimes unrecyclable, packaging. In response, the company says it will increase recycled content in its bottles to 50% by 2030 (it currently stands at 7%, according to Greenpeace). Coca-Cola also says 59.3%of the bottles and cans that it releases in developed markets are currently collected for recycling. Across all brands, more than 480bn plastic drinking bottles were sold across the world in 2016, up from about 300bn a decade ago, according to market analyst firm Euromonitor.
Photo credit 8th. creator/Shutterstock
Meanwhile, fast food chain McDonald's has said that no non-biodegradable or recyclable materials will be used in its packaging by 2025. All its packaging will also come from sources certified as sustainable, with its preference being for the Forest Stewardship Council seal. At present, half (50%) the packaging it uses comes from renewable, recycled or certified sources. The company also says it will increase its commitment to recycle in-restaurant plastic waste from 50% to 100%. Many of McDonalds 37,000-plus outlets are run by franchise owners. According to the Ellen Macarthur Foundation, Evian, Coca-Cola and McDonald's join a list of 11 major corporations to have made 100% "reusable, recyclable or compostable" packaging commitments. Others include L'Oréal, Mars, M&S, PepsiCo, Unilever and Walmart.
UK eateries Wagamama, Leon and Pret-a-Manger have just announced that they will ban plastic straws. The move follows a similar commitment last year by pub chain J D Weatherspoon. The latest UK retailer to join the commitment queue is supermarket chain Waitrose, which says it will stop using black plastics packaging on its own-label lines by the end of next year. The supermarket has already removed black plastics from two-thirds (65%) of its vegetable and fruit packaging.
In case European companies are deaf to the way the wind is blowing on plastics, the European Commission spelled it out earlier this month. In its first-ever Europe-wide strategy, the Commission has set a target of recycling 55% of plastics packaging waste by 2030. Two-thirds of all plastics waste generated in the region currently derives from packaging. Investment in recycling infrastructure and technology is needed as well, with only 30% of collected plastic waste presently being recycled. According to public opinion data from the Commission, the overwhelming majority of European citizens are worried about the impact that everyday products made of plastics have on their health (74%) and on the environment (87%).
In what feels like a last desperate hurrah, the British Plastics Federation has sought to argue that replacing plastic packaging with other materials will lead to an increase in packaging and a consequent 270% increase in greenhouse gas emissions, equal to 61 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. Whatever our packaging is made of, however, the key message is that we need to stop binning it. According to a new study from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 90% of raw materials used globally are not cycled back into the economy. Introducing a more circular approach to production and consumption, the business group argues, would see natural resource use drop by 28% and related greenhouse gas emissions by 72%.
(See Ethical Corporation's plastics briefing: Brands wake up to the tragedy of the oceans and Who's bending the curve on reusing plastic?)
Gender and pay: not a pretty sight
Credit: Festa/Shutterstock Inc.
IT IS all, at last, coming out in the wash. New requirements for UK companies to publish pay rates by gender are revealing just how big the remuneration gap between the sexes still is. According to a report by law firm Wilsons, the number of women earning more than £100,000 per year is around 382,400. This compares to 625,000 men, a 23% larger gap between the sexes than in 2010/11.
The findings reflect a universal pay discrepancy for women in UK companies, which become subject to the new reporting requirements as of April 2018 (if they have 250 employees or more). The authoritative Office for National Statistics could not be clearer: women, on average, collect a median salary 9.1% lower than their male counterparts. The biggest gap is for skilled trades, where the like-for-like pay gap is nearly one quarter (24.8%) in men's favour. Male chief executives and senior officials likewise collect a substantially larger pay cheque (24.7%) than their female equivalents.
To add insult to injury, women's pay peaks earlier, with the two sexes hitting maximum earnings at 45 and 48 years old, respectively. The myth of pay deficits for maternity breaks doesn't hold, either. A woman starting out at work can expect to earn 8.7% per hour less than a woman who has been in the same post for between five to 10 years. Swap that for a man and the wage of the more experienced employee will be 13% higher. Job loyalty for women, in short, doesn't pay.
Although 649 firms have reported pay figures to date (and counting), much of the focus to date has been on high-profile FTSE firms. Among those reporting a substantial gap in mean hourly pay rates are EasyJet (51.7%), Virgin Money (32.5%), PwC (33.1%), Shell International (31.5%) and Ladbrokes (15%). EasyJet falls back on the typical excuse that men are better represented in high-skilled roles. The vast majority (94%) of its pilots are men (on average annual salaries of £92,400), while 69% of lower-paid cabin crew are women (on £24,800 per year). The proportion of women in the top pay bracket at the UK airline amount to a mere 10.7%. Ironically, the worst performer to date is a women's fashion chain, Phase Eight, where female staff have a mean hourly rate 64.8% lower than their male counterparts. The numbers are skewed by the fact that only 44 of its 1,754 employees are men, of whom 39 work in head office.
A minority of employers (17.7%) actually have the same or higher mean hourly pay for women. The list includes: Tata Chemicals Europe (+11%), Npower Yorkshire (+9%) Unilever UK (+8.8%), Evans Cycles (+6.5%), EuropCar (+4.2%) and Biffa Waste Services (+1.4%). That said, future projections don't look great. According to a new report by the World Economic Forum, men look set to dominate in industries such as information and biotechnology. Couple this with women's failure to rise to the top even in the health and education sectors and recent marginal gains in gender equality could actually end up going backwards. Come the robot age it could get worse, with technology predicted to displace women at a higher rate than men (57% v 43%) over the next decade.
A previous World Economic Forum report issued last November estimated it would take 217 years for gender pay to equal out. Female delegates attending the organisation's annual jamboree in the Swiss ski-town of Davos will certainly hope the trajectory is faster – even if they are outnumbered four to one (79% v 21%).
Campuses, common rooms and curricula
Stokkete/Shutterstock Inc.
"EDUCATION is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today." So said Malcolm X. By that measure, the sustainability field could be in trouble. According to an extensive new study, only 1% of those in the UK tertiary sector feel their college or university is doing "all it can" to progress environmental and social responsibility. Stretched resources, it seems, are a big part of the problem. Half of those in the UK's higher and further education sector who lead on sustainability only spend about 10% of their time on the issue. The study, which was commissioned by the National Union of Students, among others, indicates that three in five further education institutions anticipate missing their 2020 carbon targets.
If sustainability management on campus looks creaky, what about the appetite for sustainability among students? Net Impact, the non-profit membership group for student and professional working in sustainability, now counts more than 100,000 members and boasts 300 chapters around the world. According to its latest student survey, 96% of business school respondents see environmental and social elements of business as priorities, but only 55% are satisfied with how these issues are integrated into their curricula.
On this last point, progress is being made, insist representatives of the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) initiative. Backed by the United Nations Global Compact, the global coalition now counts 650 further education institutions that commit to promote the teaching of sustainable business. PRME has just announced a new working group to develop resources designed to help the uptake of the Sustainable Development Goals.
SDG: Serious Disclosure or Guff?
SPEAKING of which, it comes as a major milestone to learn that 62% of major businesses now reflect the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their annual reporting. According to new research from PwC, 291 of 470 companies studied now provide data on their activities in support of the SDGs' 17 primary objectives. The findings are based on PwC's analysis of some of the largest companies in 17 countries, with collective annual revenues of $9.4bn.
According to new data from the US Environmental Protection Agency, the private sector is responsible for one-fifth (21%) of global greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of water consumed by private industry as a percentage of total global water consumption is 20% – double that of domestic users (10%). Workers are set to potentially lose out too. In the US, one in six (17.5%) of the working populationis employed by a Fortune 500 firm. The real impact is felt in their supply chains, however. The world's largest 50 companies have an estimated indirect workforce of 116 million people, many of whom are in countries where there is no right to strike (70%) or where collective bargaining is restricted (60%).
As for those companies that make mention of the SDGs in their annual reports, engagement levels differ. Most worryingly, almost two-thirds (63%) of the companies surveyed fail to prioritise individual goals within the SDG framework. Overall, PwC gives the reporting companies a score of 2.03 points out of a maximum of 5 points, meaning they rest on the border between expressing "ambition" and having actual measurable performance indicators in place. The quality of reporting picks up for SDG goals that have been on the corporate sustainability agenda for a while now, such as GHG emissions reductions (3.42), female representation in management (2.95) and energy efficiency (2.91).
The findings suggest that companies pay more interest to certain SDG goals than others. As might be expected, those given the greatest priority tend to be those closest to business' day-to-day activities. The list is topped by SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth), SDG12 (responsible Consumption and production) and SDG13 (climate action). At the other end of the scale come those issues that companies find harder to tie back to their everyday operations; namely, SDG2 (zero hunger), SDG1 (no poverty) and, in last place, SDG14 (life below water).
Main image credit: Niloo/Shutterstock Inc.
WEF New Plastics Economy Iceland Davos coca-cola McDonald's Walmart World Business Council for Sustainable Development PwC climate SDGs Ellen Macarthur Foundation circular economy gender pay gap Evian
Brand Watch: Things go badly for Coke, as activists att...
Regenerative agriculture seen as answer to averting Afr...


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text:
The 1980–81 Algerian Championnat National was the 19th season of the Algerian Championnat National since its establishment in 1962. A total of 15 teams contested the league, with JE Tizi-Ouzou as the defending champions, The Championnat started on September 5, 1980. and ended on June 12, 1981.

Team summaries

Promotion and relegation
Teams promoted from Algerian Division 2 1980–1981
 ISM Aïn Béïda
 USK Alger
 Chlef SO

Teams relegated to Algerian Division 2 1981–1982
 CN Batna
 ESM Guelma

League table

Season statistics

Top scorers

References

External links
1980–81 Algerian Championnat National

Algerian Championnat National
Championnat National
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 seasons

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Join Opennetworks and internationally renowned Google for Education expert - Alice Keeler, for a full day of transformative educational practices. Topics are: Using G Suite to increase DOK and the 4 C's; Creating Google Sites for Portfolios and other Classroom Purposes; Math and G Suite; Talk less and do more with Google classroom. Each sesion is around 90 minutes. Please bring a laptop if you have one! Includes lunch & refreshments.


text:
Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France
Margaret of Burgundy (French: Marguerite; 1290 – 30 April 1315) was Queen of France and Navarre as the first wife King Louis X and I.
Margaret of Burgundy
Reproduction of Queen Margaret's seal
Queen consort of France
Queen consort of Navarre
30 April 1315 (aged 24–25)
Château Gaillard, Normandy
Louis X of France
Joan II of Navarre
Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
Agnes of France
Margaret was a member of the ducal House of Burgundy, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. She was the eldest daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (1248–1306) and Agnes of France (1260–1327), the youngest daughter of Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence.[1]
In 1305, Margaret married her first cousin once removed, Louis I, King of Navarre, who in November 1314 ascended to the French throne as Louis X of France.[2] They had one daughter, Joan (born 1312, died 1349).
Early in 1314, Margaret was allegedly caught in an act of adultery in the Tour de Nesle Affair. Her sister-in-law Isabella of France was a witness against her, and Margaret was imprisoned for the last two years of her life, along with her sister-in-law Blanche of Burgundy. Margaret was confined at Château Gaillard and after poor treatment caught a cold and died.[3]
LegacyEdit
Margaret's daughter, Joan, later became queen regnant of Navarre as Joan II (1311–1349). Her paternity was under doubt because of her mother's alleged adultery.
In 1361, Margaret's succession rights became important in the premature death of Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (her grandnephew), since the closest Burgundian heirs were descendants of Margaret and of her sister, Joan the Lame. Margaret's grandson and heir Charles II of Navarre claimed the duchy on the basis of primogeniture, but Joan the Lame's son John II of France on the basis of proximity, being one generation closer to the Burgundian dukes. As king, John ruled in his own favor, and became Duke of Burgundy, later bestowing the Duchy upon his son, Philip the Bold.
In fictionEdit
Margaret is portrayed in La Roi en fer and La Reine étranglée, two 1955 novels in Maurice Druon's Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings) series of historical novels. She was played by Muriel Baptiste [fr] in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Hélène Fillières in the 2005 adaptation.[4][5]
KnightfallEdit
The second season introduces a pivotal character of Margaret, Princess of Burgundy, portrayed by Clementine Nicholson. Margaret is the loving spouse of Prince Louis, but her sister-in-law, Princess Isabella frames her for adultery by drugging her and having her lackeys rape her. Subsequently, her father-in-law, King Philip has her imprisoned. Having abandoned all hope, Margaret commits suicide, and ends up dying in the arms of her husband who refuses to believe the adultery accusation.[6]
AncestryEdit
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Ancestors of Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France
8. Odo III, Duke of Burgundy
4. Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
9. Alice of Vergy
2. Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
10. Robert III, Count of Dreux
5. Yolande of Dreux
11. Aénor, Dame de Saint-Valéry
1. Margaret of Burgundy
12. Louis VIII of France
6. Louis IX of France
13. Blanche of Castile
3. Agnes of France
14. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
7. Margaret of Provence
15. Beatrice of Savoy
^ Anne Echols and Marty Williams, An Annotated Index of Medieval Women, (Markus Weiner Publishing Inc., 1992), 300.
^ Anne Echols, 300.
^ Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328, (Continuum Books, 2007), 277.
^ "Official website: Les Rois maudits (2005 miniseries)" (in French). 2005. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Les Rois maudits: Casting de la saison 1" (in French). AlloCiné. 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Knightfall | TV Guide". TVGuide.com.
French royalty
Blanche of Artois Queen consort of Navarre
Clementia of Hungary
Joan I of Navarre Queen consort of France
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_of_Burgundy,_Queen_of_France&oldid=899625088"


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