text:
\section{Introduction}
There has been an explosion of theoretical and experimental research in the search for three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs),
which are a new quantum state of matter with promising applications
in spintronics and multifunctional topological-based devices and interfaces \cite{HasanKane,Fu&Kane07}.
TIs are characterized by gapped bulk states, similar to a normal (trivial) insulators,
with robust gapless {\it topologically protected} metallic surface states resulting from the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC).
This in turn leads to an odd number of Dirac-cone-like dispersions crossing the Fermi level at the surface and to a non-trivial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant.
The surface states exhibit an unconventional spin texture with the spin direction locked to the two-dimensional (2D) electron momentum.
Current ongoing research efforts focus primarily on  the prototypical single Dirac-cone family of Bi$_2$Te$_3$, Bi$_2$Se$_3$, and Sb$_2$Te$_3$ 3D TIs,
where angle-resolved- photoemission experiments have shown the chiral spin texture of the surface states\cite{Zhang,Xia,Chen}.

Although the band inversion near the time-reversal invariant momenta (TRIM) points
($\vec{k}\equiv-\vec{k}$ mod $\vec{G}$, where $\vec{G}$  is a reciprocal lattice vector), is a strong indication that a system is TI,
it is not definitive because the topological invariant is a global property of the entire occupied Brillouin zone (BZ).
Thus, in order to confirm conclusively whether a 3D system is topologically trivial or non-trivial it is essential to compute the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant.
For band insulators with crystal inversion symmetry,
the topological invariant number can be easily computed as the product of half of the parity
(Kramers pairs have identical parities) numbers for all the occupied states at the TRIM points\cite{Fu&Kane06}.
For the general case of non-centrosymmetric systems (such as zinc-blende structures)
the topological invariant can be determined either by integrating both the Berry's connection and curvature over half of the BZ\cite{Fukui}  or
by calculating the evolution of the Wannier function center during  a ``time-reversal pumping" process\cite{Yui}.
These two equivalent approaches are discussed in detail in Sec. II.

The mercury chalcogenides HgSe and HgTe in the zinc-blende (ZB) structure belong to a group of unique materials exhibiting the so-called inverted band structure.
In this band structure, the energy of the anion $s$-derived $\Gamma_6$ state,
which is the conduction-band minimum (CBM) at $\Gamma$ for most ZB semiconductors,
is below the anion $p$-like valence-band maximum (VBM) with $\Gamma_8$ symmetry.
However, the experimental results for the electronic structure of HgSe are controversial.
Early photoelectron spectroscopic experiments\cite{Gawlik,Truchsess} on n-type HgSe indicated that
this material should have a gap with a positive value for $E_0 \equiv E(\Gamma_6) - E(\Gamma_8)$  = 0.42 eV.
On the other hand, photoemission experiments\cite{Janowitz} of the non-polar HgSe (110) surface (to minimize the effects of surface charges) could not unequivocally determine
the sign of $E_0$ due to lack of resolution of the sequence of the $\Gamma_6$, $\Gamma_7$ and $\Gamma_8$ bands.

Currently, the consensus of a large amount of experimental results\cite{Einfeldt} for HgSe seems to give the sequence of the energy bands
in ascending order is $\Gamma_6$, $\Gamma_7$ and $\Gamma_8$, with $E_0 \approx$ -0.2 eV and
the spin-orbit splitting, $\Delta_{SO} \equiv E(\Gamma_8) - E(\Gamma_7) \approx$ 0.4 eV.
{\it Ab initio} calculations based on the GW (G is the Green's function and W is the screened Coulomb interaction)
scheme find\cite{Svane,Sakuma,Fleszar,Delin} $E_0 \approx$ -0.32 to -0.58 eV and $\Delta_{SO}\approx$ 0.27 to 0.32 eV, in agreement with experiment.

In contrast, in HgTe the sequence of the energy bands is $\Gamma_7$, $\Gamma_6$, and $\Gamma_8$\cite{Svane}.
Interestingly, recent transport experiments\cite{Brune} on a 70-nm-thick HgTe film, strained by epitaxial growth on a CdTe substrate,
show that the strain induces a band gap in the otherwise semi metallic HgTe, rendering it a 3D TI. Similar strain appears when
thin HgSe films are epitaxially grown on CdTe or CdSe substrates.

The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of uniaxial strain on the topological phase of HgSe employing {\it ab initio} calculations.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows:
 Section II describes the methodology used to calculate topological invariants and the band structures.
In section III we analyze the evolution of the band structure and the topological invariant number under two different type of uniaxial
strain along the [001] and [110] directions, respectively. In order to corroborate the topological insulator nature we also present
results for the electronic structure of the non-polar (110) HgSe surface and the spin polarization of the surface states.
Finally, conclusions are summarized in Sec. IV.

\section{Methodology}
For 2D systems, there are two commonly employed numerical approaches to determine whether a non-centrosymmetric insulator is a TI.
\begin{enumerate}
\item {
Use the periodic part of the Bloch functions, $|u_n(\vec{k})\rangle$,
to calculate the Berry connection, $\vec{A}(\vec{k}) = i \sum_n\langle u_n(\vec{k})|\nabla_{\vec{k}}|u_n(\vec{k})\rangle$, involving the sum over the occupied bands.\cite{Fukui}
For a 2D system, both the Berry connection and the Berry curvature, $\mathfrak{F}(\vec{k}) = \nabla_{\vec{k}}\times\vec{A}(\vec{k})$,
can then be used to directly compute the topological invariant, $z$, involving the integration over half of the BZ, denoted by ${\mathfrak{B}}^+$, i.e.,
\begin{equation*}
z = \frac{1}{2\pi} \left[\oint_{{\partial}{\mathfrak{B}}^+} \vec{A}(\vec{k})\cdot d\vec{k} - \int_{\mathfrak{B}^+}\mathfrak{F}(\vec{k}) d^2k\right] \text{mod 2}.
\end{equation*}
}

\item {
 Employ a recently proposed equivalent method for the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant based on the U(2N) non-Abelian Berry connection\cite{Yui}.
 This approach allows the identification of the topological nature of a general band insulator
 without any of the gauge-fixing problems that plague the concrete, previous implementation of invariants.
 The main idea of the method is to calculate the evolution of the Wannier function center (WFC) directly during a ``time-reversal pumping" process,
 which is a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ analog to the charge polarization proposed by Fu and Kane\cite{Fu&Kane06}.
 The evolution of the WFC along $k_y$ corresponds to the phase factor, $\theta$,
 of the eigenvalues of the position operator, $\mathbb{\hat{X}}$, projected into the occupied subspace.

 Each state of the $n$th occupied band is indexed by three quantum numbers $| n,\, k_x,\, k_y \rangle$.
This allows to define a square matrix $F(k_x, k_y)$ containing the overlap integrals,
\begin{equation*}
\left( F(k_x, k_y) \right)_{mn} = \langle m, k_x, k_y | n, k_x + \Delta k_x, k_y \rangle \;,
\end{equation*}
where $\Delta k_x = \frac{2\pi}{N_x a}$ is the discrete spacing of $N_x$ points.
One can in turn calculate the complex unitary square matrix

\hspace{1.8cm}$D(k_y) = \prod\limits_{j=0}^{N_x-1} F\left(j \, \Delta k_x, k_y\right) \;$,

which has the complex eigenvalues $\lambda_l(k_y) = |\lambda_l(k_y)| e^{i \theta_l(k_y)}$.

 The topological invariant $z$ is then calculated by the even or odd number of crossings of any arbitrary horizontal ($\theta$=const.) reference line with the evolution of the $\theta_l$'s, mod 2.
 }
\end{enumerate}
For a 3D bulk system, it is necessary to calculate two different invariants, $z_{0}$ and $z_{\pi}$, for the two different BZ planes, $k_z$ = 0 and $k_z$ = $\pi$, containing
eight TRIM points. The computation for each plane is analogous to the 2D case which has four TRIM points.
We employ the second aforementioned approach
to calculate the 3D topological invariant, $\nu_0$, which is defined as $\nu_0 \equiv (z_{0} - z_{\pi}$) mod 2.
The system is in the strong topological insulator (trivial insulator) phase, if $\nu_0$ is 1 (0).
More specifically, the system is a non-trivial or strong TI if the evolution curves of the WFC cross an arbitrary reference line an odd number of times
in the $k_z$ = 0 plane ($z_0$ = 1) and an even number of times in the $k_z$ = $\pi$ plane ($z_{\pi}$ = 0), or vice versa\cite{Yui}.
On the other hand, if the evolution curves cross the arbitrary reference line an even ($z_{0}$=$z_{\pi}$=0)
or odd ($z_{0}$=$z_{\pi}$=1) number of times in {\it both} the $k_z$ = 0 and $k_z$ = $\pi$ planes, the system is topologically a trivial or normal insulator (NI).

The {\it ab initio} calculations employed the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) code\cite{Kresse,Kresse2} employing
the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) flavor of the exchange-correlation functional\cite{Perdew} and the projected-augmented-wave approach\cite{Blochl} to represent the electron-ion interaction.
The spin-orbit coupling was included in the self-consistent calculations.
The Hg 5$d$ electrons are treated explicitly as valence electrons.
The energy cutoff of the plane-wave expansion of the basis functions was set to be 550 (450) eV for the bulk (surface) calculations.
The BZ integration was performed with a 11$\times$11$\times$11 (7$\times$7$\times$1) \textbf{k}-point Monkhorst-Pack mesh\cite{Monkhorst} for the bulk (surface) calculations.
The equilibrium volume, $V_0 = 61.86 \text\AA^3$ per formula unit, is in good agreement with previous {\it ab initio} calculations\cite{Radescu}.
The experimental lattice constant a=6.084 \AA\,\cite{Radescu} differs by 3\% from the theoretical equilibrium of PBE.
The non-polar (110) surface is modeled by a periodic slab consisting of 21 atomic layers with a 12 {\AA}-thick vacuum region separating the periodic slabs.

An accurate description of the electronic structure is a prerequisite in the search and discovery efforts for next-generation TIs.
It is known that density functional theory studies\cite{Xiao,Freeman,Stocks} of TIs based on local or semi-local exchange-correlation functionals
can incorrectly predict a material to be a TI when in reality it is not \cite{Zunger}, to the detriment of experiment-theory interplay.
This is usually due to the fact that such a local or semi-local treatment systematically underestimates the band gap
and can lead to an incorrect ordering of the frontier bands at the TRIM points,
which is the determining factor in the prediction of the topological phase.
Furthermore, it can also give rise to wrong band topologies and effective masses\cite{Kim}.
Thus, we have also carried out calculations employing the Modified Becke-Johnson Local Density Approximation (MBJLDA) method\cite{Tran},
which predicts\cite{Kim} band gaps, effective masses and, most importantly, frontier-band ordering
that are in very good agreement with the computationally more intense GW\cite{Svane} and hybrid-functional\cite{Scuseria} approaches.

Figures \ref{bandstruct0}(a) and \ref{bandstruct0}(b) display the PBE and MBJLDA band structures of the un-deformed HgSe, respectively, along two symmetry directions,
where the MBJLDA parameter c=1.2.
PBE predicts the correct level ordering in the upper valence-band region with $E_0$ = -1.2 eV and $\Delta_{SO}$ = 0.25 eV,
thus yielding a $\Gamma_6$ state which is lying far low relative to the $\Gamma_8$ state.
On the other hand, the MBJLDA shifts the $\Gamma_6$ state to a higher energy,
resulting in $E_0$ = -0.23 eV and $\Delta_{SO}$ = 0.20 eV, in agreement with
the values of $E_0$ = -0.32 eV and $\Delta_{SO}$ = 0.27 eV of recent GW calculations\cite{Svane}.
The fact that both the PBE and the LDA\cite{Svane} exchange correlation functionals for HgSe yield the correct frontier band ordering ($\Gamma_7$, $\Gamma_8$)
allows for a reliable determination of the topological invariant\cite{Zhang}. Thus, throughout the remainder of this paper the electronic structure calculations
under strain are carried out using the PBE exchange correlation functional. The atomic positions were fully relaxed
using the conjugate gradient algorithm until all interatomic forces are smaller than 0.01 eV/nm.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{band0}
\caption{Band structure relative to the Fermi energy of unstrained HgSe along the $\Gamma$-X ([100]) and $\Gamma$-L ([111]) symmetry
directions of the BZ [$\vec{k}_L = \frac{\pi}{a} (1, 1, 1)$ and  $\vec{k}_X = \frac{\pi}{a} (1, 0, 0)$, where $a$ is the equilibrium lattice constant]
calculated by (a) the PBE and (b) the MBJLDA approach\cite{Tran}, $c_{\small MBJ} = 1.2$.
}
\label{bandstruct0}
\end{figure}

\section{Results and Discussion}

\subsection{Bulk band structure under uniaxial strain}
In order to open a band gap in the semi-metallic HgSe, one needs to employ strain.
We have carried out calculations under \textit{hydrostatic} pressure in a wide volume range, from -30\% to +30\% of the equilibrium volume $V_0$,
 in which the equilibrium structure of HgSe remains zinc-blende\cite{Radescu}.
We find that within this wide range HgSe always has a zero band gap and hence remains a semimetal.

Therefore, we have investigated the evolution of the electronic structure and the topological invariant under \textit{uniaxial} strain,
$\epsilon_{[hkl]} \equiv \frac{c-a}{a}$, along the [001] and [110] directions which lowers the $T_d$ symmetry of the ZB structure to $D_{2d}$ and C$_{2v}$, respectively,
and opens a band gap near the $\Gamma$ point.
In both cases, the in-plane lattice constant perpendicular to the strain was fixed to that of the equilibrium ZB structure.
Our ab initio calculations of the total energy as a function of both uniaxial strains indicate that the corresponding structures are mechanically stable up to strain of $\pm$15\%.

\subsubsection{[001] strain of D$_{2d}$  symmetry}
Figs. \ref{bandstrained001}(a) and (b) show the band structures of HgSe under $\epsilon_{[001]}$ of -5\% and +3\%, respectively,
perpendicular to the strain direction.
Under a [001] uniaxial tensile (compressive) strain $\epsilon_{[001]} >(<)0$, of $D_{2d}$ symmetry,
the half-filled four-fold degenerate $\Gamma_{8}$ state splits into an  two-fold degenerate occupied valence $\Gamma_{7v}$ ($\Gamma_{6v}$)
and a  two-fold degenerate unoccupied conduction $\Gamma_{6c}$ ($\Gamma_{7c}$) energy levels leading to a positive (negative) splitting,
$\Delta^\Gamma_{[001]} \equiv E(\Gamma_{6}) - E(\Gamma_{7})>(<)$0.

Under compressive strain ($\Delta^\Gamma_{[001]} <$ 0) the maxima of the two highest non-degenerate valence bands
along the [110] direction, corresponding to the irreducible representations 3 and 4, respectively,
occur away from $\Gamma$. This gives rise to a dumbbell- or camel-back-shape valence bands with
 valence band minima at $\Gamma$,
due to the fact that band energies along [\={1}\={1}0] (not shown in the figure) are equal to those along [110] due to time reversal symmetry.
Similarly, the $\Sigma_4$ conduction band displays a reverse camel-back shape with a maximum at $\Gamma$ and a minimum along the $\Sigma$ direction away from $\Gamma$.
These valence bands along $\Sigma$ become double-degenerate at $\Gamma$.
 This leads to an indirect gap of $E_{gap}$ = 37 meV located in a direction perpendicular to the strain axis, in contrast to the case of the [001] tensile stress
 in Fig. \ref{bandstrained001} (b), where the energy gap $E_{gap}$ occurs along the strain axis.

Fig. \ref{bandstrained001}(b) shows the band structure of HgSe under tensile strain of $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = +3\%  ($\Delta^\Gamma_{[001]} >$ 0)
along the high symmetry [110] and [001] directions parallel and perpendicular to the strain direction, respectively.
Note that along the $\Delta$ ([001]) direction of C$_{2v}$ symmetry
both the conduction and valence bands are  doubly degenerate (denoted by the green curves) of $\Delta_5$ representation.
The crystal-field-splitting gap, $E_{gap}$ = 13 meV, which is allowed by the same symmetry of the bands\cite{Moon}, is observed away from $\Gamma$.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{band001}
\caption[ ]{(Color online) Band structure of HgSe (relative to the Fermi energy $E_F$) under uniaxial strain along the [001] direction of D$_{2d}$  symmetry near the $\Gamma$ point along the symmetry directions parallel and
perpendicular to the strain direction.
(a) The compressive strain of $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = -5\% yields a TI ($\nu_0$ = 1) with $E_{gap}$ = 37 meV.
(b) The  tensile strain of $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = +3\% yields a NI ($\nu_0$ = 0) with $E_{gap}$ = 13 meV.
The red and blue color denote the two spin polarized bands, while the green refers to non-spin polarized bands.}
\label{bandstrained001}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{[110] strain of C$_{2v}$ symmetry}
Application of uniaxial stress along the [110] reduces the symmetry further to the orthorhombic C$_{2v}$.
As this space group does not allow four-fold-generate states,
the ZB $\Gamma_8$ splits under strain and creates a gap between a valence $\Gamma_{5v}$ and conduction $\Gamma_{5c}$,
both of which are two-fold degenerate.
Under expansion the frontier energy bands exchange their ordering.

Figs. \ref{bandstrained110}(a)-(d) show the evolution of the band structure around $\Gamma$, under a uniaxial [110] strain of (a) $-$5\%, (b) +3\%, (c) +6\%
and (d) +8\%, along the [110]  ($\hat{x}+\hat{y}$) and $[\bar{1}10]$ ($-\hat{x} + \hat{y}$) high $\vec{k}$ symmetry directions,
which are parallel and perpendicular to the strain direction, respectively.
Under $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = $-$5\% the direct gap at $\Gamma$ is $\Delta^\Gamma_{[110]} \equiv E(\Gamma_{5c}) - E(\Gamma_{5v})$ = 116 meV.
The minimum band gap $E_{gap}$ = 31 meV occurs perpendicular to the strain direction between the camel-back-shape valence and inverse camel-back-shape
conduction bands of $\Sigma_4$ irreducible representation.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{band110}
\caption[ ]{(Color online) Band structure of HgSe under uniaxial strain along the [110] direction of C$_{2v}$ symmetry
near the $\Gamma$ point along the high symmetry directions parallel and perpendicular to the strain direction.
(a) The compressive strain of $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = $-$5\% yields a TI ($\nu_0 = 1$) with $E_{gap}$ = 31 meV.
(b) The tensile strain of $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = +3\% yields a TI ($\nu_0 = 1$) with $E_{gap}$ = 9 meV.
(c) Critical tensile strain $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = +6\% where the conduction and valence bands of irreducible representation 4 cross at E$_F$
and HgSe undergoes a TI $\leftrightarrow$ NI transition.
(d) At larger tensile strain of $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = +8\% HgSe becomes a NI ($\nu_0$ = 0) with a band gap $E_{gap}$ = 25 meV.
The red and blue color denote the spin polarized bands.}
\label{bandstrained110}
\end{figure}

Figures \ref{Elevels}(a) and (b) display the evolution of the band gap $E_{gap}$ and the
energies of the conduction and valence band states $E(\Gamma_n)$ at $\Gamma$ as a function of uniaxial
strain ($-15\% \leq \epsilon \leq +15\%$) applied along the [001] and [110] directions, respectively.
The gray shaded areas denote the strong topological insulating phase with $\nu_0 = 1$,
while the white background corresponds to the normal insulating phase ($\nu_0 = 0$).
The evolution of $\nu_0$ with uniaxial strain is discussed in more detail in the next section.
For [001] strain, the frontier valence and conduction bands at $\Gamma$ are of $\Gamma_6$ and $\Gamma_7$ symmetry,
while they are of $\Gamma_5$ symmetry for the [110] strain.
Under both types of uniaxial compression $E_{gap}$ exhibits a non-monotonic behavior with strain, reaching
 its maximum value in the topological non-trivial phase ($\nu_0 = 1$) at $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = -5\% and $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = -6\%,
and vanishing at some critical strain of $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = -10\% and $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = -13\%, respectively, where the system
undergoes a transition into the trivial insulator phase.  On the other hand, HgSe has a different response between [001] and [110] tensile ($\epsilon >$0)
strain. Namely, for $\epsilon_{[001]} >$ 0 the band gap is trivial ($\nu_0 = 0$) and increases with strain [Fig. \ref{Elevels}(a)] , while
$\epsilon_{[110]} >$ 0 the system is in a strong topological insulator phase ($\nu_0 = 1$) for $\epsilon_{[110]}\leq$ +5\% and
it becomes a trivial insulator ($\nu_0 = 0$) at  larger strain [Fig. \ref{Elevels}(b)].

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{Elevels2}
\caption{(Color online)
Variation of the band gap $E_{gap}$ and the energies of the conduction band and valence band states,
$E(\Gamma_n)$ at the $\Gamma$ point as a function of uniaxial strain along
(a) the [001] direction of D$_{2d}$ symmetry (where $n$= $6$ and $7$) and
(b) the [110] direction of C$_{2v}$ symmetry (where $n$ = $5c$  and $5v$).
The gray shaded areas denote the non-trivial topological phase, where $\nu_0 = 1$.}
\label{Elevels}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Evolution of Topological Invariant}
An intriguing question is whether there is a correlation between the {\it change} of the frontier valence and conduction bands and corresponding
{\it changes} in the topological invariant $\nu_0$.
Adiabatic deformations of the band structure (not involving band touching or overlaps across the band gap) under external perturbations (such as strain) leave the topology invariant.
Murakami\cite{Murakami} has recently studied the classification of all the possible gap closing in 2D and 3D and showed that
the gap closings is associated with the change of the topological invariant number.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{inversion}
\caption[ ]{(Color online) Schematic of the strain-induced evolution of the band structure
along an arbitrary direction ($\Gamma \leftrightarrow \pm K$) in the $k_z$=0 plane where the spin-split bands are denoted by red and blue.
(a)The strain splits the originally four-fold degenerate frontier bands at $\Gamma$ in electrons and holes bands which does not
involve any band crossing and hence the bulk system is in a topologically trivial phase with $z_0=0$.
(b) Band inversion of one of the spin-split bands (blue) at the critical strain.
(c) Odd number (one) of band inversions for one of the bands (blue) at a larger strain giving rise to a band gap opening away from $\Gamma$ and the concomitant formation
of a camel-back- (inverse camel-back-) shape valence (conduction) band along the $\Gamma \leftrightarrow \pm K$ direction, rendering the system a strong TI ($z_0=1$).
Note that the inverted bands exhibit both electron and hole character.}
\label{inversion}
\end{figure}

In order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the evolution of both the band inversion and $\nu_0$, we show schematically in
Fig. \ref{inversion}  the strain-induced change of the band structure close to the TRIM $\Gamma$ point along an
arbitrary direction ($\Gamma \leftrightarrow \pm K$) in the $k_z$=0 plane,
where the spin-split bands are denoted by red and blue. Fig. \ref{inversion}(a) shows that under, for example, a uniaxial tensile strain,
the originally four-fold degenerate $\Gamma_8$ state (under zero strain) splits in the spin-polarized electron and hole
bands without involving any band inversion. This corresponds to the band structure along the [110] direction for $\epsilon_{[001]}>0$
in Fig. \ref{bandstrained001}(b).
In order to reach the topological phase and its characteristic counterpropagation of opposite spin
states (i.e. $\vec{S}_{-\vec{k}} = - \vec{S}_{\vec{k}}$) on the surface, it is necessary to ``knot'' (entangle)
the frontier bands.\cite{KaneMoore,QiZhang} That is achieved by inverting an odd (one) number of spin-split bands (blue) in Fig. \ref{inversion}(b).
Further increase of the strain [Fig. \ref{inversion}(c)] gives rise to the opening
 of a (crystal field)  band gap  with the concomitant formation
of a camel-back- (inverse camel-back-) shape valence (conduction) band along the $\Gamma \leftrightarrow \pm K$ direction.
This corresponds to the non-degenerate $\Sigma_4$ valence and conduction bands along the $[\bar{1}10]$ direction for $\epsilon_{[110]}<0$ in
Fig. \ref{bandstrained110}(a).
Since no other band inversions occur along the [110] direction, the systems is a strong topological insulator ($z_0$=1).
Similarly,  there is only one band inversion of the valence and conduction bands of $\Sigma_4$ character
along the $[\bar{1}10]$ direction for $\epsilon_{[110]}>$0 in Fig. \ref{bandstruct0}(b), rendering the system a strong TI.
Moreover, the doubly-degenerate valence and conduction bands of $\Delta_5$  character along the [001] direction for
$\epsilon_{[001]} > 0$  [Fig. \ref{bandstrained110}(b)] have an even (two) number of band
inversions and hence the system is a topologically a trivial insulator (z$_0$=0).

While the above mechanism, based on the changes of the frontier electronic bands (eigenvalues), provides an intuitive
explanation of the topological phase transitions, it requires knowledge of the
overlap of the 2D conduction and valence energy surfaces. It becomes less practical when these surfaces are not smooth and present multiple extrema.
That is the case for Figs. \ref{bandstrained110}(b)-(d), for instance, requiring a careful examination along multiple $\vec{k}$-directions.
For such cases, a less intuitive, but more stringent criterion, is the determination of the topological invariant, $\nu_0 \equiv (z_0 - z_\pi)$ mod 2,
based on the evolution of the Wannier functions (which include a phase factor), as explained in section II.
Nonetheless, one notes a clear trend in the evolution of the bands along the $[\bar{1}10]$ direction.
The gap between the valence and conduction bands of irreducible representation 4 is progressively reduced with increasing tensile strain
until they cross at $\sim$0 eV for $\epsilon_{[110]}= 5-6\%$ [Fig. \ref{bandstrained110}(c)]. The system undergoes a
second band inversion that ``unknots'' the band structure.
As expected, this closing of the gap coincides with the topological phase transition predicted by the invariant $\nu_0$.
For larger strain, this gap increases monotonically [Fig. \ref{bandstrained110}(d)] and without changes to the topological phase.

In HgSe, band inversions occur only in the vicinity of $\Gamma$, because the conduction and valence states at other TRIM points are too far separated in energy.
Consequently, the bands in the $k_z$=$\pi$ plane are always not inverted [analogous to Fig. \ref{inversion}(a)] and hence
$z_\pi$=0 in the entire strain range, thus yielding $\nu_0 = (z_\pi - z_0 \text{ mod } 2) = z_0$.

Figures \ref{Z2}(a) and \ref{Z2}(b) show the evolution lines of the Wannier centers along $k_y$ in the $k_z$=0 plane under a uniaxial compression
of $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = -5\% and $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = -15\% along the [001] direction, respectively.
Under the -5\% (-15\%) compression the evolution curves (blue) cross any arbitrary line parallel to the horizontal axis
(for example the red dotted line) an odd (even) number of points, thus yielding $z_0$ = 1 ($z_0$ = 0).
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{thetas3}
\caption{(Color online)
Evolution of Wannier centers for HgSe along $k_y$ in the $k_z$=0 plane under uniaxial strain along the [001] direction of
(a) $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = -5\%  and (b) $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = +15\%, and along the [110] direction of
(c) $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = -5\%  and (b) $\epsilon_{[110]}$ = +8\%, respectively.
The evolution lines cross any arbitrary reference line parallel to $k_y$ (for example the red dotted line) an odd (even) number of times yielding $z_0$ = 1 (0).
In all cases the corresponding $z_{\pi}$ = 0.
$N_x = 48$.}
\label{Z2}
\end{figure}
Furthermore, the evolution lines of the Wannier centers along $k_y$ in the
$k_z$=$\pi$ plane under both uniaxial compression (not shown here) yield $z_{\pi}$ = 0.
This demonstrates that under uniaxial compression along [001],
there is a topological difference between the the TI phase ($\nu_0$=1) at $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = $-$5\%
and the trivial insulating phase ($\nu_0$=0) at $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = $-$15\%.
Interestingly, the critical value of $\epsilon_{[001]}$ = $-$10\% where HgSe undergoes a TI $\leftrightarrow$ NI transition is close to
the critical value of $\epsilon\sim-11\%$ where the ZB structure undergoes a transition to the cinnabar structure\cite{Radescu}.
In Figures \ref{Z2}(c) and \ref{Z2}(d) we show the evolution of the Wannier centers in the $k_z$=0 plane under a uniaxial compression
($\epsilon_{[110]}$ = $-$5\%) and expansion ($\epsilon_{[110]}$ = +8\%) along the [110] direction, where $z_0$ = 1  and $z_0$ = 0, respectively.
Since in both cases $z_{\pi}$ = 0, HgSe is a TI ($\nu_0$ = 1) under $-$5\% uniaxial compression while it is in the trivial insulating phase ($\nu_0$ = 0)
under 8\% uniaxial expansion.
\subsection{Surface band structure and spin polarization}
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{slab}
\caption{(Color online)
Band structure of the (110) HgSe surface under a [110] uniaxial compressive strain ($\epsilon_{[110]}$ = $-$10\%)
along the symmetry directions in the two-dimensional BZ showing a single Dirac-cone at $\Gamma$ at 52 meV below the Fermi energy.
The gray and blue colored bands correspond to bulk- and  surface-derived states,
where the latter are associated with the two top and bottom atomic layers\cite{Park}.
}
\label{slab}
\end{figure}
While the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ criterion is sufficient to ascertain whether a 3D bulk system is a TI,
an additional commonly employed criterion is the existence of gapless surface states that have spin texture.
Therefore, we have carried out electronic structure calculations of the non-polar (110) HgSe surface,
to minimize the effects of surface charges and reconstruction associated with polar surfaces.
The band structure of a  uniaxially strained ($\epsilon_{[110]}$ = -10\%) HgSe (110) slab is shown in Fig. \ref{slab} along the symmetry directions in the 2D BZ.
The states marked in blue are identified to be spatially confined to the top and bottom boundary layers of the slab,
i.e. surface states, using the approach of Park {\it et al}\cite{Park}.
The 21 atomic layer slab exhibits a mirror symmetry with respect to both surfaces.
One can clearly see that the topological surface states form two superimposed Dirac cones at the $\Gamma$ point,
each spatially located on the top and bottom surfaces.
The Dirac point (52 meV below the Fermi energy) is four-fold degenerate due to Kramer's degeneracy at the TRIM point $\Gamma$.
The inset shows the variation of the energy gap of the slab at $\Gamma$ as function of the slab thickness, $D = Na/\sqrt{2}$,
where $N$ is the number of atomic layers and $a$ = 6.278 \AA~is the equilibrium lattice constant. The large
value of the energy gap in thin slabs is due to the interactions between the states localized at the opposite surfaces.
As the number of layers increases, the size of the gap decreases converging to $\sim$ 1 meV at the critical thickness of about 7 nm
($N \sim$ 16).

Fig. \ref{spin} shows constant energy contours of the surface spin polarization vector projected on the $k_x-k_y$ plane
in the vicinity of the Fermi energy on the top (a) and bottom (b) surface layers, respectively.
The red arrow contours denote the spin polarization vector of states at $E_F$,
with the remaining energy contours representing an energy range of $\pm$25 meV about the Fermi energy.
We find that $\vec{S}_{-\vec{k}_{||}} \approx - \vec{S}_{\vec{k}_{||}}$ and $\vec{S}_{\vec{k}_{||}}$ is locked almost normal to the in-plane momentum $\vec{k}_{||}$,
which results from a combination of the strong SOC and the inversion symmetry breaking at the surface, the well-known Rashba effect.\cite{Rashba} This in turn results
 in the rotation of the spin orientation around the Fermi surface (spin chirality) as reported for other known TI materials.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{spin}
\caption{(Color online)
Constant energy contours of surface spin polarization vector of the uniaxially strained (110) HgSe surface in Fig. \ref{slab}
within an energy of $\pm$25 meV about $E_F$ (all state above the Dirac point), projected onto the (a) top and (b) bottom (011) HgSe surfaces, respectively.
The red arrow contours denote the spin polarization vector of states at $E_F$ separating those with energies higher and lower than $E_F$.
The units of $k$ are $2\pi/a$.}
\label{spin}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
In conclusion, we have investigated the evolution of the band structure and of the topological invariant in HgSe under application
of [001] and [110] uniaxial strain.
We predict that HgSe is a strong TI ($\nu_0$ =1) in the compressive strain range, $\epsilon^{cr}_{[001]([110])}\leq\epsilon_{[001]([110])} \leq0$, where
the (crystal field) band gap occurring away from $\Gamma$, displays a non-monotonic strain behavior. The band gap vanishes at
 $\epsilon^{cr}_{[001]([110])}$, where the system undergoes a TI $\leftrightarrow$ NI phase transition.
We find that HgSe exhibits a similar behavior applying a [110] tensile strain. On the other hand, under [001] tensile strain HgSe remains a NI.
Thus, these calculations demonstrate  that HgSe can be tuned into a 3D topological insulator via proper strain engineering.

\section{Acknowledgments}
The research at CSUN was supported by NSF-PREM Grant No. DMR-1205734.
Jin Li was supported by a DTRA Grant No. HDTRA1-10-1-0113. YPC acknowledges support by the DARPA MESO program.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Washington Nationals: Who Would Be In Their Presidential Cabinet?
iApr 8, 2015; Washington, DC, USA; Washington Nationals general manager Mike Rizzo on the field before the game between the Washington Nationals and New York Mets at Nationals Park. Mandatory Credit: Brad Mills-USA TODAY Sports /
Oct 7, 2016; Washington, DC, USA; Washington Nationals starting pitcher Max Scherzer (31) throws against the Los Angeles Dodgers in the third inning during game one of the 2016 NLDS playoff baseball series at Nationals Park. Mandatory Credit: Geoff Burke-USA TODAY Sports /
Secretary Of the Interior: Max Scherzer
In our government, the Secretary of the Interior's job is to watch over the natural environment and to protect the resources that we have. From a baseball sense, I interpret it as someone who protects the mound on a start-by-start basis. That would make this honor go to Max Scherzer.
Even though Scherzer didn't win any of his two postseason starts this year, he still is the one pitcher on the Washington Nationals that people expect great things to happen when he is on the mound. It could be two no-hitters in 2015 or a 20-strikeout performance in 2016.
Scherzer is one of the three finalists for the National League Cy Young Award as he tries to win the second Cy Young of his career. This season, Scherzer led the National League in wins, Innings pitched, and strikeouts.
With Stephen Strasburg's injury concerns during the latter portion of the season, Scherzer was relied upon more than ever to stop long losing streaks. But, that is why he makes $210 million.
In the second half this past season, the right-hander went 10-1 with a 2.86 ERA and had 120 strikeouts in 15 starts. Despite not winning Game 5, he did have seven strikeouts and only gave up the one solo home run to Joc Pederson in six plus innings.
Heading into his age 33 season, Scherzer is still one of the best, if not the best starting pitcher in the National League. He has 13 home wins in 31 starts in D.C, but he is still the pitcher fans should feel comfortable watching when he takes the mound at Nats Park.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bright Young Things
2003 - - 106 Mins.
Director: Stephen Fry
Producer: Gina Carter and Miranda Davis
Written By: Stephen Fry
Starring: Stephen Campbell Moore, Emily Mortimer, Michael Sheen, Fenella Woolgar, Peter O'Toole
Review by: Jennie Kermode
Stephen Fry's directorial debut is hectic from the start, full of jazz and glitter, flashing cameras and snapping heels; it effectively captures an outsider's perspective on the glamour of pre-Second World War English high society.
We begin with an outsider, a young journalist who sees his chance to grab a fallen ticket and goes for it, leaping over walls and fences, abandoning his coat in the process.
When things like that happen in films, they always make me nervous. I'm sitting there waiting for the coat to be retrieved, for the heroine of The Hours to remember to feed her friend's dog, for the pizza in Phone Booth to find a home. In this case, the coat is lost, as a daring escape is made; but that's intentional, no oversight; this whole story is built around characters who drop things and forget about them, characters who have too much money to realize what anything's worth; it sets the scene nicely.
Of course, the young hero, Adam, charmingly played by Stephen Campbell Moore, has no money, despite his acceptance by the in-crowd, so it is through his eyes that we are able to see what really goes on with some realistic perspective. Adam is besotted with media darling Nina (Emily Mortimer), who is in love with him but is worried about her long-term financial security. His efforts to acquire money and hold onto it form the backbone of the plot, but this isn't really a film about plot; the atmosphere is more important, and it is here that Fry really scores. Doubtless his own jaded familiarity with trying to get on with life amid media intrusions has contributed to his ability to build up a believable portrait of this group of bright young things growing up in public. The parties are lush and fantastic, the costumes spectacular, personal lives suitably miserable and mundane.
The biggest flaw this film suffers from is that Fry is too sympathetic to his glamorous characters. The original story comes, of course, from Evelyn Waugh's novel Vile Bodies, and nobody here is quite vile enough. There's betrayal and heartache, unrequited love, desperation and suicide, but the humor with which the party keeps going is never quite vicious enough. We hear about the alliance between bright young things and old survivors, yet never see enough of what makes that survival possible.
The party ends in time, and we are certainly made aware of the damage done; also, of the hostile world in which these young liberals live. Fry's previous performance as Oscar Wilde brings added pathos to the story of Miles (Michael Sheen) who is forced to leave the country after his homosexuality is exposed. Nevertheless, there is little sense of emotional reckoning with what has happened between these people. Adam is portrayed as being capable of it, but he too retains a certain innocence even through the horrors of war. It's one thing to make a film about innocence, another to leave the audience in the same condition.
Bright Young Things will doubtless appeal very strongly to foreign audiences charmed by stereotypical Englishness, even though Dan Aykroyd's wonderful Lord Monomark offers some cutting insights into that; it does create an intense sense of period and it has a fabulous cast. Jim Broadbent is perfect as blatantly surreal deus ex machina the Major, and Peter O'Toole seems to be having immense fun as Nina's retractable father Colonel Blount. Fry himself appears briefly as an embittered right wing taxi driver, and we also see cameos from Simon Callow, Hugh Laurie, Sir John Mills, Imelda Staunton and Richard E Grant. Original music is provided by the Pet Shop Boys.
Mortimer is glorious as Nina, with a fierce intelligence behind her Daisy Fay demeanor. These performances make it possible to care even in the absence of character depth. Bright Young Things is definitely worth watching, if not quite as edgy as it should have been.


text:
Fairfax appoints Tom Armstrong as commercial director
May 9, 2014 9:12
by Nic Christensen
Fairfax Media has appointed Tom Armstrong as its new commercial director replacing Ed Harrison who departed last year to run digital joint venture Yahoo!7.
Armstrong has previously run Viacom International Media Networks in the United Kingdom where he was vice president of global digital ad sales & business development, and had been vice president for commercial and digital media for Viacom in Australia and New Zealand between 2007 and 2011.
The move to appoint Armstrong, whose background is in TV and digital sales suggests the company is set to pursue a more aggressive digital strategy as it sees its print revenues decline.
Allen Williams managing director of Fairfax's Australian Publishing Media, said in a statement: "We are delighted Tom is returning to Australia to join Fairfax. He brings a wealth of experience and knowledge to this role and a proven track record of advertising strategy, commercial partnerships, business development, ad operations and product development.
"Coupled with his significant global leadership experience and innovation capability, he will help develop Fairfax's commercial operations as we continue our transformation into a modern media company.
"We have designed our sales structure with our eyes firmly on the future. At Fairfax we are committed to providing our advertisers with all opportunities to connect with our expansive, engaged and premium audiences. Tom's understanding of cross-platform sales solutions will assist us to drive new revenue opportunities."
Fairfax has been on an international hunt for the last six months in a bid to find a replacement for Harrison, whose deputy Paul Sigaloff also left for Yahoo!7 the day after him. Trinity Mirror digital boss Chris Ellis, who was tipped by The Australian on Monday (paywall) to take the role, had told Mumbrella last week he had been approached about it, but had declined, as he looks to relocate to Australia.
Tom Armstrong said: "Fairfax is at the cutting edge of cross-platform media solutions. I'm excited by the opportunity to join the team as it seeks to continually offer inventive solutions for advertisers."
Nic Christensen
Nic Christensen worked for Mumbrella from 2013 to 2016, in roles including deputy editor and media & technology editor. He is former media writer for The Australian and has also worked as a reporter for The Daily Telegraph and senior producer for Radio 2GB.
topics Ed Harrison, Fairfax, Tom Armstrong
Jamma 9 May 14
Bit of a coup, well done Fairfax.
Bloz 9 May 14
A very decent man who will make a difference. Congratulations Fairfax


text:
Jubenville and Mazzuca Sign 3-Year Deals
Defenders Have Earned 3-Year Contract Extensions
Oakville, ON – Toronto Rock Owner, President, and GM Jamie Dawick announced today that the club has re-signed defenders Josh Jubenville and Phil Mazzuca to three-year agreements through the 2024-25 season.
The signings are pending league approval.
Jubenville, 25, has established himself as a mainstay on the Rock's back end and is that fast and physical defender with a motor that doesn't stop. That may sound strange for a player that only has two seasons of NLL experience under his belt.
Now, there were circumstances limiting that resumé building time, like the school commitments that kept him out of the lineup until the 19-20 season after being drafted in the fourth round, 40th overall in the 2017 NLL Draft. Despite a pandemic-shortened rookie season followed by a cancelled season, you've still got a defender who is much more mature than his 26 career NLL games would suggest.
"Josh has been very good for us since day one," said Dawick. "He came into the league a little older, but he was ready to play when he made the jump. He has continued to develop and he's another guy we think is only going to get better with time. We are super excited to get his deal done."
Originally selected by the Rock in the third round, 46th overall in the 2020 NLL Draft, 22-year-old Mazzuca had to wait a season to make his NLL debut after the lost season of 2020-21 due to the pandemic.
Mazzuca started the 2021-22 season on the practice roster and remained there through the first four games of the campaign. He was moved to the Active Roster for the Rock's mid-January game against Halifax. The Oakville, ON native would never leave the lineup after that, playing in the Rock's final 14 games and all three playoff games.
"Phil took advantage of an opportunity that came up because of injuries and Covid," said Dawick. "He seized that opportunity once he got the chance to get in the lineup and never came out. He had a great first year as a rookie and we're really excited about year two and Phil taking that next step in his development."


laser cutting machine mirror is the necessary things for the laser cutting machine, we use the high level mirror, that can enbear the high temperatures. It is long life using mirror. U can use it for one year or more than this.
laser cutting machine mirror was use in the machine to transfer the laser linght, one machine have three laser mirrors, if you wan tthe laser cutting machine use well, you must use the good laser mirror.
or it will have the bad effects on the laser cutting.


text:
Jules Romains, właśc. Louis-Henri Jean Farigoule (ur. 26 sierpnia 1885 w Saint-Julien-Chapteuil, zm. 14 sierpnia 1972 w Paryżu) – francuski pisarz, dramaturg, nowelista.

Życiorys
W 1909 r. ukończył studia z dziedziny filozofii na École normale supérieure w Paryżu. W czasie studiów był związany z grupą literacką Abbaye de Créteil, którą przewodzili Charles Vildrac i Georges Duhamel. Nakładem grupy został wydany tomik poetycki Jules'a La vie unanime (1908), .

W latach 1932–1947 wydał cykl epicki Ludzie dobrej woli.  W latach 1936–1941 był prezesem PEN Clubu. W czasie II wojny światowej przebywał w Stanach Zjednoczonych oraz w Meksyku, gdzie był współzałożycielem Francuskiego Instytutu Ameryki Łacińskiej.

Od 1946 był członkiem Akademii Francuskiej (fotel 12). Zasiadał w jury konkursu głównego na 3. (1949) i 10. MFF w Cannes (1957). Był szesnastokrotnie nominowany do Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie literatury.

Uhonorowany Orderem Narodowym Legii Honorowej w klasie Wielkiego Oficera (Grand Officier), Orderem Sztuki i Literatury oraz Orderem Palm Akademickich w klasie Komandora (Commandeur).

Powieści

 Les copains (1913)
 Ludzie dobrej woli (1932-1947)
 Niezwykła kobieta (1957)
 Trzeba być jasnowidzem  (1959)

Sztuki
 L'armée dans la ville (1911)
 Knock czyli triumf medycyny (1913)

Przypisy

Uwagi

Członkowie Akademii Francuskiej
Członkowie PEN Clubu
Francuscy prozaicy XX wieku
Pisarze ekspresjoniści
Absolwenci École normale supérieure w Paryżu
Urodzeni w 1885
Zmarli w 1972

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


R&W Rope's 1,000 feet of Candy Snake 550 paracord is a commercial version of Type III military spec parachute cord. Made in the USA, it contains 7 strands in the core. This cord has a tensile strength of 550 lbs.
Made in the US, this Candy Snake multi-colour print 550 paracord contains 7 strands in the core giving this cord a tensile strength of 550 lbs. Light and strong, 550 paracord is great for camping, emergency, survival uses, and much more!


The new documentary Indoctrinate U is director Evan Coyne Maloney's effort to refute the notion that campus bias is confined to a few unrelated anecdotes. As I mentioned over at the Torch the other day, National Review's Stanley Kurtz gives a thorough and positive review of the film. Several FIRE cases are featured prominently in the film, including FIRE's case at California Polytechnic State University, where student Steve Hinkle was tried and punished by a campus tribunal for posting a flyer in the campus Multicultural Center for a speech hosted by the College Republicans.
The film also includes insightful commentary from FIRE President Greg Lukianoff, who discusses free speech violations on campus.


text:
Home » About » Newsroom
RAD Wins Tele.Sintese Innovation Award for its Distributed NFV Solution
D-NFV Provides the Benefits of Virtualization Without the Limitations of Strict Centralization
RAD, one of the global leaders in network virtualization, has won the Tele.Sintese 2014 Innovation Award in the "Virtualization for Operators" category. Tele.Sintese is one of the communications industry's major online portals in Brazil and publishes the Tele.Sintese Yearbook of Innovation in Communications.
Tele.Sintese Innovation Award is presented annually to companies whose solutions stand out by helping the telecommunications sector increase excellence, productivity and service capacity levels. The award winner is selected by a jury of experts that includes government, academic, operator, and service user representatives led by Tele.Sintese's team of journalists. In total, about 150 solutions were nominated and evaluated in order to determine the winner.
RAD was cited for its first-to-market Distributed Network Function Virtualization (D-NFV) solution, which is now being evaluated by major operators around the world.
The RAD solution runs virtualized functions and applications over a powerful x86 server that it has integrated into its ETX demarcation devices. This hybrid design combines the advanced Layer 2/Layer 3 demarcation functionality of a state-of-the-art Network Termination Unit (NTU) with a built-in virtualization platform.
"While conventional NFV focuses the virtualization on the network core or data centers, our innovative D-NFV model places virtualized functions at the customer edge, allowing service agility with better QoE for end customers while reducing costs," says Valter Teixeira, General Manager of RAD Brazil. "D-NFV provides all the benefits of virtualization without the limitations of strict centralization," he continues. "It is also very practical because it allows NFV-based business services to be launched without requiring up-front investments in the data center or networking."
Together with three other companies, RAD publicly demonstrated the first public "Multi-Vendor Distributed NFV" PoC last June within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) NFV ISG framework, with CenturyLink as the carrier sponsor. Last month, RAD conducted a live demonstration in Brazil at Futurecom 2014.
The award ceremony, held in São Paulo on November 3, was attended by senior representatives of Brazil's telecommunications sector, including the country's Minister of Communications, Paulo Bernardo and the Deputy Chamber Science and Technology Commission representative, Jorge Bittar.
As a global telecom access solutions vendor, RAD is committed to enabling service providers and critical infrastructure operators to evolve any service over any network. By keeping at the forefront of pioneering technologies and engaging in co-innovation with our customers, we strive to help service providers move up the value chain at a pace that is right for them, while offering their end-customers and network operators added value – be it in EADs and network edge solutions, industrial IoT, or 5G xHaul. With 40 years of innovation and a significant worldwide presence in over 150 countries, RAD has an installed base of more than 16 million network elements. RAD is a member of the $1.5 billion RAD Group of companies, a world leader in telecommunications solutions.
Tele.Sintese Innovation Award 2014
Dana Kaplan
Head of Marketing Communications
Raoul Wallenberg St. Tel Aviv 69719, Israel
Read more about Dana Kaplan
Rhebo and RAD Provide OT Monitoring & Anomaly Detection for Utilities and Industry 4.0
RAD integrates Rhebo's solution on its high-performance SecFlow Industrial IoT Gateway
RAD Releases Arm-Powered Thin CPE with Edge Computing
Economical pCPE Already Deployed by a Tier-1 Carrier
RAD is Part of the US-Israel Energy Center Winner for the Energy Cyber Sector
$6M awarded to a consortium including RAD and managed by the BIRD Foundation
Udy Kashkash RAD's New President and CEO
Former RAD VP CFG Replaces Dror Bin


text:
Insider-Man
Meet Avi Arad, the Marvel Studios exec overseeing the big-screen invasion of Spidey and other superheroes.
By Scott Brown Updated July 12, 2002 at 04:00 AM EDT
Every comic-book hero worth his ink has an origin story. Spider-Man's Peter Parker was bitten by a radioactive arachnid. The Hulk's Bruce Banner ran afoul of a gamma beam. Daredevil's Matt Murdock got atomic waste in his eyes. As for Marvel Studios president and CEO Avi Arad, he climbed eucalyptus trees as a child in Israel. "He always claimed you could see the beach from up there," recalls cousin Roni Bartur. "Which, of course, was nonsense. But he'd say, 'If you can make it to the top, you can see the beach.' I don't know what you call it. Crazy? Different?"
Try galactically successful. In less than a decade, Arad, 54, has combined the twin superpowers of vision and chutzpah to lucratively bring the Marvel pantheon to the big screen. In addition to Spider-Man, which is on its way to a $600 million global tally, he orchestrated deals for next year's Daredevil with Ben Affleck, Ang Lee's The Hulk, a sequel to 2000's X-Men, and at least a dozen others in various stages of development. (See sidebar.)
Not bad for a guy who learned English in part from comic books, immigrated to America in 1970 (after being wounded in Israel's 1967 Six-Day War), and put himself through New York's Hofstra University with odd jobs like driving a truck. One place on his Long Island delivery route was toy company Aurora Products — soon launching a career in toy design that spawned such hits as Zap-it Guns and My Pretty Ballerina. In 1993, he joined fellow Israeli Ike Perlmutter at Toy Biz, which made action figures for Marvel. At the time, the beleaguered comics giant desperately needed a pair of superheroes: Reeling from poor management under Revlon billionaire Ron Perelman, who took over the company in 1989, Marvel would file for bankruptcy in 1996, battling a takeover bid by corporate raider Carl Icahn. But it was Toy Biz, through complex courtroom maneuverings, that finally conquered the boardroom.
From the start, Marvel's new dynamic duo showed oversize ambition. "In October 1997, Avi gave a speech that Spider-Man alone was worth a billion dollars," says Dan Raviv, whose book Comic Wars chronicles the Marvel power struggle. While the comment seems prescient now, Raviv notes that the billion-dollar projection was a bit of a put-on: "Unlike other business people, I don't think he added it up. Business bores Avi."
And yet, he seems to excel at it. Where Perelman's regime cut not-so-super film deals — e.g. allowing Blade out the door without Marvel's name on it — Arad and Perlmutter demanded a cut of box office grosses, including an estimated 2 to 7 percent of the haul for Sony's Spider-Man, Fox's Daredevil, and Universal's The Hulk. Still, heroic bargaining didn't always work. While negotiating rights to Iron Fist and The Punisher in 1999, Artisan Entertainment CEO Amir Malin declined Perlmutter's request for options in the then-hot studio. And Fox continues to pursue a lawsuit against Marvel's TV series Mutant X, which Fox deems a brazen infringement on their X-Men licensing agreement. (While Marvel declines to comment on the suit, Arad notes, "Mutant X is an original series…. The letter x is widely used.")


text:
Q: Multiple serializations on state server corrupt property value I have an abnormal serialization/de-serialization behavior in my ASP.NET MVC application.
Setup and architecture are as follows:
.Net 3.5, MVC 2, Unity 2.0 for dependency injection, IIS 7. State is stored in ASPNET state process. Application apart from models, views and controllers also contains a number of application specific services and model mappers (for interfacing with existing code). Two of the services have per Session based lifetime, for which I implemented custom PerSessionLifetimeManager (as Unity does not have one out of the box). This lifetime manager uses HttpContext.Current.Session to store objects. There are fair bit of dependencies between controllers, mappers, services and between services as well.
Problem:
One of session lifetime services contains a private boolean field which changes value under some internal logic conditions, however this value changes by outside of my code. After some investigation I found that problem relates to this object being serialized/de-serialized twice every time and values of the field are different during serializations.
Investigation done so far:
I have a break points/logging on object constructor and I wrapped field into a property and put breakpoint/logging on setter. Object is definitely constructed only once and there are no calls to change property value except those which should be called. I have made object to implement ISerializable and put logging of System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId and object hash (constructed from all fields of the object). From what I can see if value of the property/field changes object gets serialized twice once with new value and immediately after with original value. Next time object is used it de-serializes in LIFO order, so the original (unchanged) value object is pulled out first and then the changed one. I tried to log a full stack trace for these serialization calls, but it seem to be all .Net internal calls.
Questions:
Why is there multiple serializations with different values? How to avoid this?
Current work around:
I used Session instead of private field/property and it works fine, however use of session on heavily loaded websites is not the best thing and I am hoping to for some other solution.
Thank you.

A: Are you sure the value is becoming corrupted or are you simply loosing the value due to the session being purged.   Do you have any other values in the session that disappear at the same time?  I was a bit confused by your "State is stored in ASPNET state process. " statement.   Is your session management set to InProc or are you using a StateServer?   If it is InProc, you definitely will experience loss of session values (especially in shared hosting environments), and should switch to an ASP State Server Service or MSSQL State Server solution.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Zila Panchayat Bilaspur Recruitment 2015 Apply Online for 116 Panchayat Worker Posts – www.zpbilaspur.gov.in. Bilaspur District Panchayat Notification 2015 released to fill 116 Panchayat Worker Vacancies. Zila Panchayat Office, Bilaspur invites online applications from the eligible candidates for the recruitment of 116 Panchayat Worker Jobs. Eligible candidates should apply online on or before 12th June 2015.
Zila Panchayat Bilaspur Panchayat Worker Jobs Syllabus, Age Limits, Educational Qualifications, Selection Process, Application Fee, How to Apply details refer information given below. Are you looking for Government Jobs in India? Apply online for 116 Panchayat Worker Jobs at Zila Panchayat Bilaspur. Candidates applying for the Panchayat Worker 116 Posts must have age between 18 years to 35 years.
Educational Qualifications: Candidates must have passed Class 12th/ HSC or its Equivalent Examination from the recognized board.
How to Apply: All Eligible and interested candidates are required to apply online at the official website: http://bilaspur.gov.in/ on or before 12th June 2015.


text:
Blackie Dammett
First Name Blackie#2
American actor who portrayed Walter Baylor in National Lampoon's Class Reunion, Sargent Paladin in Meatballs Part II, and had a minor role in Lethal Weapon. He was the father of Red Hot Chili Peppers lead singer Anthony Kiedies.
Anthony revealed that his father used to sell drugs to rock legends including members of Led Zeppelin and The Who's Keith Moon.
He appeared on television as well in series including Starsky and Hutch, Trapper John, M.D., and It's Gary Shandling's Show.
He was married to Maragaret Idema from 1960 to 1968 with the marriage ending in divorce.
He had a guest starring role on the series Who's The Boss?, starring Tony Danza.
Blackie Dammett Popularity
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text:
Debating disposal
Radwaste management remains a focus of attention and contention. Report by Patrick Reynolds
Great effort is being expended in investigating the science, technology and sites for high-level waste (HLW) disposal deep underground. A key recent focus for the efforts and progress was afforded by recent discussions at the international conference on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
As Carl-Magnus Larsson, CEO of the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), and conference chairman, said in his opening remarks to delegates, radwaste management "remains a focus of both attention and contention, including the final management of spent fuel that has been declared as waste."
He added: "There is, however, continual development over the whole spectrum of activities that relate to waste management."
Topics addressed at the conference ranged from policy and science to projects handling different levels of waste, but key themes debated also included: regulator engagement; straight stakeholder engagement to get to the most informed decision-making; how to get to social acceptance and hence a "social licence" for a disposal solution; and, approaches to shared facilities, such as multinational disposal facilities.
No country has yet built a long-term disposal facility nor has any offered to host regional or multinational disposal facilities for radioactive waste, though some nations are seeking the service of such complexes – in particular those with only smalls amounts of waste, as the conference heard in its opening session. An exception is cases where small volumes of spent fuel are legally required to be returned from research reactors to the country of origin.
The point was made that it may be prudent for the European Union (EU) to examine the issue of rationalised, if not centralised, disposal solutions as it was acknowledged that, logically, it is questioned why the nations of the region should be in pursuit of about 20 separate repositories.
Well away from Europe, interesting discussions around matters of taking international nuclear waste across borders have been, and continue to be, held in Australia (see box, left).
In many cases, though, notes the summary of the Policy & Strategy session of the conference, the import or export of almost all radioactive waste is prohibited by law and, consequently, national disposal solutions are pursued.
Finland was acknowledged as the country making most progress towards geological disposal of high-level waste, having a facility already under construction.
Broad scope, deep topic
At the IAEA's Safety of Radioactive Waste Management conference, held in Vienna in November last year –16 years after the last such major IAEA event, and with no spent fuel having been disposed of yet – the discussions were wide-ranging and both the activities and perspectives of different countries were presented.
A brief review of activities since the last IAEA event, in 2000, in Spain, had the view there had been significant progress, although there are differences in the approaches undertaken by countries. A 'great leap' forward had been made in demonstrating safety through the safety case approach, now "well established as a best-practice" method with a supporting suite of safety standards.
But, despite the progress in broad approaches when it comes to building disposal facilities advances are happening only slowly, in most cases – again, except for in Finland, and perhaps Sweden. This slow progress has led to society as well as many in the waste management community to view the effort as mostly unsuccessful. But this is 'unjustified,' concludes the report on the latest event.
Still, even with greater understanding of long-term safety through studies, final disposal is recognised as 'the only feasible solution' so far, according to the IAEA's summary. There is both the perception and reality that the amount of radioactive waste and spent fuel held in non-final storage increasing. "This may lead to consideration of storage as a long-term option, which is hardly justifiable with regard to inter-generational equity," the summary observes.
The point was also made that reporting on radioactive waste generation and inventories is being performed to different standards despite the existence and availability of international waste classification systems. Therefore, harmonisation of standards was urged.
Concerns around the importance of developing and maintaining comprehensive inventories were also stressed, in the Policy & Strategy session, for a category that is a counter-point to cases of transporting waste – i.e. the special issue of legacy waste, which comprises "non-removable wastes" that call for in-situ disposal solutions.
Inventories, again, came up with regard to high-level waste (HLW). The point was raised on the potential conflict between safety requirements (i.e. containing and isolating) and safeguarding (having facilities to verify stocks). However, there are potential synergies, too, it was noted, such as properly designed environmental monitoring programmes that could serve both categories – safety and safeguards.
The session summary observes from the discussions, "it became clear that this topic must be further explored."
Beyond standards and systems, it was also advocated that there is greater coordination between international organisations; while collaboration was seen to be 'working well', it was ventured that more cohesive alignment of organisational efforts could help maximise the best potential use of limited resources, both nationally and internationally.
In pursuit of ensuring greater comprehension, the Policy & Strategy session also raised issues around retrieval of wastes from a proposed disposal facility. From the discussions, the session summary reports, it became apparent "there is apparently not a common understanding of what retrievability really means." Further, and perhaps consequently, there is a lack of consistency in use of related terminology, e.g. reversibility, retrievability and recoverability. Sometimes, these have been used interchangeably.
Some spotlights in Europe
In the HLW session, the progress of a number of nations was discussed, including: Finland, Sweden, the Czech Republic, France, Japan and the UK.
The Policy & Strategy session heard about the radioactive waste management programmes of France, Germany, the Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Slovenia, Pakistan, Australia and the US.
Spotlighting a selection of European activities:
Finland has the world's first geological deep repository for HLW under construction on the island of Olkiluoto. This success follows years of underground rock research onsite at the Onkalo laboratory, and also accompanying excavation methodology research. Posiva, the company responsible for the development, operation and management of the facility received the construction licence in late 2015 to proceed and complete the facility, which is expected to be operational by the mid-2020s, subject to licensing.
Sweden undertakes much R&D collaboration with Finland on final waste disposal systems, such as KSB-3, an application for which was made under the Environmental Code six years ago. The company responsible for the developments is the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB). In 2014, SKB applied to extend the existing final repository (SFR) for short-lived waste, at Forsmark. For HLW, the milestones being targeted for a KBS-3 system at the deep geological disposal facility – also at Forsmark – anticipates completing design & licensing around 2020; the following decade is dedicated to construction and commissioning, enabling trial operations from early 2030s. The KBS-3 system includes encapsulating spent fuel in sealed copper canisters with an insert of cast iron, and placing them in rock- carved silos embedded in bentonite clay at depths of at least 500m.
Germany plans to end commercial electricity generation by nuclear fission by 2022 at the latest. The latest milestone event on radioactive management was a report from the commission on storage of HLW, delivered in mid-2016, dealing with the framework and methods to select a disposal site for heat- generating waste.
The Site Selection Act was passed by government three years earlier, and the commission reviewed its proposed framework over 2014-16 in an open-to-public oversight process. The potential sites are across the country but a pick is not expected for almost 15 years, by about 2031. It is anticipated that the disposal facility could be commissioned around 2050.
Also last year, provisions were made in the Atomic Energy Act for: a single, federally-owned company with private legal status to be responsible for all final disposal projects in Germany, and which will also implement the site selection process; and an independent, National Societal Committee to ensure continuity of public engagement, participation and monitoring of the site selection process.
Separately, the federal government is converting the Konrad mine at Salzgitter to become a disposal facility for waste with negligible heat generation. The Konrad disposal facility is expected to be operational from 2022 and operate for 40 years to take up to 303,000m3 of licensed waste.
Low and medium-level waste disposal has ended at the Morsleben facility, which is to be closed and sealed.
Since 2011, France has been proceeding through an industrial design development phase for its proposed deep geological repository, to be set in clay host rock and to have a reversible waste disposal concept. The powers to take forward the research were granted in 2006. The responsible organisation is the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra).
The research was underway in earnest by the 1990s when an extensive site selection process led to the selection of the Meuse/ Haute Marne location, in 1998. Work on the underground rock laboratory at the site began in 2000, and a report in 2005 confirmed the feasibility and safety of a deep disposal option in the area. The information and data led to the 2006 Act and continuing work, including further research at the underground laboratory to refine the design of the repository – the Industrial Center for Geological Disposal (Cigeo).
Two milestones in the current efforts for Cigeo are: in 2016, the safety options dossier was produced; and, the licence application is expected to be submitted around 2018. It is anticipated that, pending licensing, construction could start around 2021 for the initial industrial pilot phase to commence after the mid-2020s.
In its conference conclusions, the IAEA event counters the concern of the long time it takes to build final disposal facilities with the view that it is, inherently and simply, how it is: "We have also come to the realisation that the establishment of such facilities does take a very long time."
With the condition that "we should allow it to take as long as required while still maintaining the path forward," the conclusions from the conference further caution against optimistic time frames as that "may equate to setting oneself up to fail."
Considering time more widely, the extra time taken to develop geological disposal facilities is argued to be relatively small compared to even the duration of their excavation and then, with safety and safeguards, holding the wastes securely for the very long term.
The conference suggests more effort to convey the message of the meticulous, continually refining analyses and strenuous efforts towards assuring safety, while also heeding societal concerns and working through step-wise licensing processes to seek social acceptance for the concepts and potential disposal facilities.
Mixed with all these factors is aligning standards and the yet more societal dimensions when a further suggestion of the conference conclusion is considered: not solely to look at national plans in isolation but also, in parallel, "an alternative path to disposal which involves shared facilities, either on a bilateral, regional or multinational scale."
An interesting initiative that will become engaged in different ways in these discussions, and more, is the "SITEX" initiative, possibly to be launched next year (see box, below).
Whether pursued locally, regionally or through a multi-nation approach, further clarifications are required to solidify understanding and terms on the retrievability dimensions of waste for long-term safety and safeguarding at these critical infrastructure assets.
The conference concluded, further, it would be good to follow up progress with a future event but ideally not taking another 16 years until then. But even if so, according to current schedules, the world's first HLW disposal facility, being built currently in Finland, is anticipated will have been finished and operating for a few years by then.
Finland's proposed repository in 2020 (Credit: Posiva Oy)


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Recognized as one of the fastest-growing and most innovative technology businesses in North America, they've earned placements on the 2019 Forbes AI 50, Forbes Cloud 100 and Deloitte Fast 500 rankings. They're headquartered in New York City, with more than 500 talented employees across seven total offices that also include Washington DC, Seattle, WA, Bozeman, MT, London, Dublin, and Melbourne. Dataminr raised $392 million in its most recent round in 2018.
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I have to tell you about this job I did last Tuesday. Now, being as though I don't have a real job that pays a real salary, I need to take a lot of part time jobs to stay only a few pages behind. Well, the guy that got me the job with the Ravens asked if I was available to work from 10 PM until 3 AM on Monday night and the following day from noon until about 5. I said "sure" and hung up not even thinking to ask him what I'd be doing or what I'd be getting paid. A few days later, he called back just to tell me exactly where and when to meet him. By then, I had the presence of mind to ask him what I'd actually be doing. He told me I'd be driving new cars back and forth to DC. Sure. Whatever. Well, I got there, and I found out that I would be driving these brand new Chevy Ventures from a firehouse in Crawford to the Washington Monument for a Safe Kids promotion that they (I still don't know who "they" are) were doing. Including me, there were 18 vans driving down to DC at a time. Now I've only been to DC once or twice, and I've never driven there. And when we started driving, I didn't know A) where exactly we were going, B) how to get there, or C) where the hell I was. They didn't think to go over directions on how to get there. A few people knew where they were going because they had been there already, but this guy mostly thought that we would never get separated. And if we did get separated, we'd be going slow enough that the others could catch up. First of all, I've been in a two-car caravan that has gotten separated before. And before we left, the guy in charge asked if there was anybody who didn't know DC at all. I was 1 of 4 people that raised their hands. And somehow, inevitably, I got stuck in the lead at a red light. In fact, it was within a mile of the firehouse. Everybody made a left onto route 50, and I got stuck waiting for the light. I figured, "I'm pretty smart. I'll just figure this out." Well, it's not that easy. I made the left and the road split immediately into 3 different routes, all looking just as good as the next to me. So rather than guess, I pulled into the very right lane, put my flashers on and drove about 30 miles an hour. At least 6 people behind me decided to follow me. Apparently, they didn't understand my sense of desperation. Finally, somebody passed me and I floored it and cut across three lanes of traffic and a small median to stay with him. And I had to do 85 to catch him, and he was still pulling away. So much for the "plan." But I stayed with him when I got him. There was a point in which I looked behind me and realized that I had nobody there. So if I lost this guy, I was screwed. Left to just wander around DC for eternity in a Safe Kids Chevy Venture. Or until I ran out of gas. So I was staying with him no matter what. I wasn't looking at street lights, oncoming traffic, small children, nothing. Nothing but the tail lights, that is. I ran 9 red lights between the two days. I found it kind of ironic we were driving vans with "Safe Kids" written all over it 85 miles an hour through red lights all night. But irony or no irony, I got a paycheck before I left.
Why do they give minivans names like "Venture," "Expedition," and "Pathfinder?" Who are these parents kidding. You're not going to pouch cheetah, you're picking up Billy and Jenny from soccer and choir practice.


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Metro GameCentral
1216 games reviewed
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7 / 10 - Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE Encore
It doesn't have the depth of standalone Persona and Fire Emblem games, but this is a fun crossover that will please followers of both, and Japanese role-playing fans in general.
4 / 10 - Dr. Kawashima's Brain Training
Regardless of what it may or may not do to your brain age, this is a disappointingly low effort remaster with serious technical issues and a lack of interesting content.
5 / 10 - Wattam
As charmingly idiosyncratic as you'd expect from the creator of Katamari Damacy, but although the harmonious message is clear the game itself is a frustrating chore.
8 / 10 - Ashen
One of the best Dark Souls clones so far and while some things are near identical the co-op features help distinguish it as something more than just a straight copy.
8 / 10 - MechWarrior 5: Mercenaries
A highly successful return for the long dormant sci-fi simulation series, and what it lacks in accessibility it makes up for in terms of satisfyingly tactical action.
6 / 10 - Shovel Knight Showdown
A disappointing way to end an otherwise epic series (especially if you take into account Showdown) but the retro visuals and excellent 2D platforming can still delight.
9 / 10 - Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege
One of the best online shooters of the generation, that's set the standard for post-game support by turning a content poor launch game into one with almost infinite longevity.
7 / 10 - Phoenix Point
The creator of XCOM returns with some interesting new ideas, but without the budget or time to refine them Phoenix Point struggles to offer a viable alternative to its more established rival.
7 / 10 - Life is Strange 2 - Episode 5 : Wolves
A relatively engaging finale but one that suffers from all the problems of the series as a whole, with too little interactivity and a lethargic plot that struggles to get into gear.
6 / 10 - Narcos: Rise of the Cartels
Turning the Netflix series into an XCOM clone is a bold choice, but the dumbed down tactical options and lack of polish are destined to disappoint fans of both franchises.


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Is there a Racial Element to Tebow-Mania?
Home → Sports → Football → Is there a Racial Element to Tebow-Mania?
Tebow-mania is sweeping America.
By Paul Hirsch
Anyone watching, listening or talking about the NFL this season has been inundated with talk of Tim Tebow, to the point of Tebow-mania. Certainly his dramatic overtime heroics in Sunday's playoff win over Pittsburgh has done nothing to calm the Tebow dominated airwaves.
The question for many Regal readers is the degree that race is playing into all the attention Tebow is getting. There have been Black quarterbacks with unorthodox passing styles running non-traditional offenses who were devout Christians, like Vince Young and fellow Heisman Trophy winner Charlie Ward, who have not received anything like the notoriety of Tebow.
According to North Carolina resident, Steve Kurzet, 54, a lot of that has to do with what Tebow has accomplished. "I wouldn't put Vince Young or Charlie Ward in Tebow's category. In Young's case, he hasn't shown that he's a consistent winner or team player and Charlie Ward didn't play a down of pro football, opting instead to sign with the Knicks out of college. Neither of those examples holds any water so far as a conversation relating to Tebow is concerned because neither of them has demonstrated that they are the football player Tebow is."
Kurzet also believes that the attention that Tebow is getting based on his faith has very little place in a discussion of football. "I don't think that he should receive any attention because of his beliefs, not that his faith isn't commendable or that he isn't a good role model. I believe him to be both and question anyone that wouldn't want this kid for their own son…Nevertheless, his beliefs shouldn't be germane to the conversation regarding his talent (or lack depending on what side of the argument you're on) on the football field. He shouldn't be praised or castigated for his religious beliefs."
Jack Saunders, 66, of Oakland, is a Professor of News Media and Public Opinion at Golden Gate University in San Francisco and has followed the NFL for more than 50 years. He says that race could be an element of Tebow-mania. "My observation is that White evangelicals tend to be more, well, evangelical than the Black faithful — as in more pushy, more sales-oriented, more keen to proselytize and convert. My sense is that Black folks express their heavenly joy in the pews, while the White folks may be more likely to take it to the media (certainly if they have any natural access to the media, as in a pro athlete).
"By all accounts," says Saunders, "(Tebow) seems a genuine believer with some rather unusual Christian follow through (visiting the sick, caring for the poor, etc.) These idols, however, have a wretched track record for 'feet-of-clay' syndrome. He's one Hugh Grant away from becoming a figure of fun, if not an out and out Tiger Woods. I hope his handlers have covered this point with some urgency. He is, after all, at the end of the day, a 20-something male."
While it is highly doubtful that players make professional teams or get cut in the 21st century based on race, there is no doubt that the attention they get for their exploits on the field and off still has a racial tinge. There is also no doubt that an element of Tebow-mania is that the White majority in the audience can identify more easily with him then with Young or Ward, or Donovan McNabb for that matter. It's also true that the Broncos' record with him as the starting quarterback is much better than it is without him. And he won a playoff game against a team that has been to two of the last three Super Bowls.
Tebow's background is so unique that it is impossible to have a definitive reason for why this story has such amazing legs. There is one thing we do know. If Tebow and the Broncos can beat Tom Brady and the Patriots in Foxboro this weekend, Tebow-mania to date will look like a high school sports story compared with what would be on the horizon.
Hirsch is a contributing writer for Regal Black Men's Magazine, a publication dedicated to the African American community.
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Gables Ponce is slated to be a 1-tower condo project with a combined 10 floors and located on a site on Ponce De Leon Boulevard in Coral Gables in Miami-Dade County. It is a Mediterranean Revival mixed-use, urban infill apartment rental project, opened a few months ago across the street from the Village of Merrick Park in Coral Gables and a few blocks away from the Douglas Road Metrorail Station. The elegant edifice includes an Epicure Market on the ground floor, a pool in the courtyard, a 'Sports and Games' room, and a 3,200 square gym among its residential amenities It has a similar look to Merrick Park, and that other nearby project in development Merrick Manor, with its colonnaded sidewalks, ground-floor retail, central courtyard, and generally urban disposition.
1 Bedroom / 1.0 Bath|623 SQ. FT.


This week on The Digital Story - "The Ultimate Podcast FAQ: Juan Pons moderates the third and final installment of our Spring Photography Mashup and asks our panel of experts a variety of questions. We discuss inspiration, overcoming challenges, equipment, how we got started in the photography business, plus much more.
Joining Juan from Digital Photo Experience are Jim and Dustin from Improve Photography, and of course, yours truly.
You can also download the podcast here (87 minutes). Or better yet, subscribe to the podcast in iTunes. You can support this podcast by purchasing the TDS iPhone App for only $2.99 from the Apple App Store.
The May 2013 photo assignment is Food.


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Home Physics Researchers replicated hypersonic flow conditions using Direct Numerical Simulation
Researchers replicated hypersonic flow conditions using Direct Numerical Simulation
Using data collected in a NASA Langley Mach 6 wind tunnel, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign used Direct Numerical Simulation to replicate the hypersonic flow conditions of a compression ramp flow. The simulation produced a plethora of new data that can be used to better understand the phenomena that occur around vehicles traveling at hypersonic speeds.
"Experiment data is somewhat limited, for example, pressure probe data from a few locations on a test object. When we run a numerical simulation, we obtain information about the entire flow field, including the vehicle surfaces, such as pressure, temperature, density, and fluid velocity. This can help explain some of the things that experimentalists have discovered but have been unable to fully explain due to a lack of data "Fabian Dettenrieder, a doctoral student in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Illinois, agreed.
Using data collected in a NASA wind tunnel, researchers replicated the hypersonic flow conditions of a compression ramp flow using Direct Numerical Simulation.
The research simulated a control surface at the end of a wing that is used to maneuver an aircraft. In this case, it simulated a flat plate with a leading edge and a 35-degree compression ramp configuration that had previously been tested experimentally in the Langley hypersonic wind tunnel.
Hypersonic flows, according to Dettenrieder, are complicated. The high energy of the flow causes significant pressure and heat loads, which, in addition to shocks, creates difficult experimental and numerical problems. The flow configuration considered in this study has a super-critical ramp angle, resulting in an inherently unsteady separation bubble. Capturing this phenomenon accurately is difficult because it is highly susceptible to its surroundings, such as acoustic noise and turbulence.
Furthermore, the thinner the panels on a vehicle's exterior are – typically motivated by weight optimizations – the more likely they are to deviate from a perfectly rigid behavior, resulting in an interaction with the flow and adding to the complexity of the fluid-structural system. In addition to the factors that contribute to turbulence in the natural environment, the wind tunnel creates acoustic disturbances that can cause unsteady fluid motions that lead to turbulence.
Research contributes to understanding of hypersonic flow
With advancements in numerical methodologies, particularly implicit schemes, the solution of flow problems requiring real gas modeling became possible by the end of the 1980s.
"We suspected that a discrepancy between the experimental data and a previous 2D simulation was caused by a lack of acoustic radiation generated by the wind tunnel walls. We replicated the wind tunnel experiment in 3D under both quiet and noisy conditions, noisy by introducing freestream disturbances at the computational domain's far-field boundary.
"The impact of acoustic disturbance has previously been studied, but not in the context of this hypersonic ramp configuration," he explained. "We were successful in precisely prescribing acoustic freestream perturbations." He stated that what they discovered contributes to a better understanding of the unsteady flow phenomena observed in the experiments.
The simulation was run on Frontera, a National Science Foundation-funded supercomputer system at the University of Texas at Austin's Texas Advanced Computing Center. Blue Waters Professor Daniel Bodony is Dettenrieder's faculty adviser, and he has received a 5 million node hour allocation on Frontera to study fluid-thermal-structure interactions.
Dettenrieder stated that the simulation is still running on Frontera and is not complete. "It's very time consuming and labor intensive," he said. "I check it a couple of times a day to make sure everything is in working order. It is continuing to collect data that will contribute to our understanding of the complexities of hypersonic flow."
Fabian Dettenrieder, Bryson Sullivan, and Daniel J. Bodony of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and Antonio Schoneich and Stuart Laurence of the University of Maryland collaborated on the study, "Direct Numerical Simulation of Boundary Layer Receptivity to Acoustic Radiation in a Hypersonic Compression Ramp Flow." The Air Force Office of Scientific Research is funding the research, and Dr. Sarah Popkin is the program officer.
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We're excited to be attending our first ever Interactivity Conference with the Association of Children's Museums hosted by Marbles Kids Museum.
We're exhibiting with our sister company Outbound Software (who supply the ticketing solution for Marbles Kids Museum) and are excited to be getting more involved in this industry where we serve several ACM Members.
Come visit the CENTAMAN booth #37 where Mike will be giving software demonstrations of both the Centaman Enterprise and Centaman Ascent products.


Enter the market at the night time Entrepreneurship is in the growing state in India localize the global ideas. If you create platform which adapts itself it lends more-business tycoon and the cofounder of Happiest minds technologies Ashok Soota enlightened the crowd.
His quick and sharp ideas grasped the audience's attention and the session gave a new perspective to the participants on the approach towards the innovative and yet planned ideas on starting business. The session took place under the guidance of Anandamani and witnessed discussions on questions he raised after the detailed reading of Ashok's book. At the beginning Ashok spoke about the challenges he had faced as an entrepreneur when he joined Wipro in its 2nd year and later turning its business into a massive 500 million runrate at 1999. He pointed out the use of variable cost, cloud storage and the updation of technology in aiding the business growth. He also said people under 30 understand technology better. He referred to Byju's App as an example of this utilization of monetization of information.
Soota expressed his inspirations before his book was presented to the audience by Anandamani to evoke a similar feeling.


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Beautiful newer acreage located in private subdivision off a paved highway. Three bedroom with open floor plan. Large sloping lot with beautiful views of nearby pond and valley. This home has a great open floor plan 3 bedroom and 2 bath upstairs with Partially finished walkout basement allowing 4th bedroom and 3rd bath. Call today to view this property.
I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #20183385). Please send me more information regarding 1780 Peppy Place Road, Decorah, IA, 52101. Thank you!
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Custom-ization? While I typically do not blog stories about the transactions of magazine titles, I thought this announcement about the acquisition of a business-to-business title, HostingTech magazine (note the "we're on hiatus message) is interesting in that it appears to be somewhat unique (in a custom publishing sort of way). I have no knowledge of this category (but has that ever stopped me from commenting?) but this sounds like an example of the conversion of a traditionally published b-to-b magazine into a customer magazine. But then again, the seller is "in the business" also, so I doubt the parties involved would view it in such a way.


Welcoming Donyea Goodman, Producer, Songer Writer & Music, newly signed to Spectra Music Group to the Leopear Carpet with Lady Flava.
Meet this great talents, hear his story and find out about his past, present and future projects that is apart of his creative world.
Donyea has also earned recognition as a sought after Music Director and Keyboardist. He has shared the stage with the legendary gospel music icon Rev. Clay Evans, gospel songwriter/singer Kurt Carr, Marvin Sapp, Dorinda Clark Cole, R&B singer Eric Roberson, Raheem Devaughn, Sunday's Best Winner Crystal Aiken, Earth Wind and Fire, Kim Burrell, Dove Award winners Bryan Duncan & the Neho Soul Band, and more. He has also contributed his talents as a film score editor and sound developer to movies for Imagine Films, Disney and Pixar Entertainment.