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1. CAFOD is the official aid agency for the Catholic Church in England and Wales; part of the global Caritas confederation of national organisations, each governed by their national Bishop's conference and linked to national Catholic commissions on health, education and peace/justice issues. CAFOD partners with diverse local NGOs, including both faith-based groups and others working on human rights and other issues regardless of religion or culture.
How effective and transparent is the UK aid spent by the Department for International Development compared to aid allocated to other Government departments and to the cross-Government funds?
2. To be effective, UK aid spent through all channels must be aligned with its commitments under the Paris Climate Agreement, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international environmental conventions. This requires a coherent, cross-Whitehall strategy to deploy UK aid to address the 'triple emergency' of poverty and inequality, climate change and environmental degradation in developing countries.
3. In 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlighted the urgency of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C to avoid its most disastrous impacts.[1] Current emissions reduction targets set the world on course for over 3°C of global warming. A warming climate is projected to slow down economic growth, erode food security, exacerbate existing poverty traps and create new ones.[2]
4. The impacts of a changing climate are already affecting some regions more than others,[3] and fall disproportionately on the poorest and most vulnerable people. Without urgent climate action, the huge reductions in poverty over recent decades to which the UK has made a considerable contribution, as well as future delivery of the SDGs, are at risk.[4] Some estimates suggest climate change could push more than 100 million additional people into poverty by 2030.[5]
5. In 2019, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) reported that over 1,000,000 species are threatened by extinction.[6] Human activities are leading to mass environmental degradation and this impact is increasing. For example, three-quarters of the land-based environment and about 66% of the marine environment have been significantly altered by human activity, while forests are being destroyed at a rate of around one football pitch every two seconds.[7]
6. Loss of biodiversity and eco-system degradation have negative impacts particularly for poor groups. The World Bank Group (WBG) calculates that nature provides 47% of GDP for the poorest. In 2019, IPBES reported in that: "Current negative trends in biodiversity and ecosystems will undermine progress towards 80% (35 out of 44) of the assessed targets of the Sustainable Development Goals, related to poverty, hunger, health, water, cities, climate, oceans and land (SDGs 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 13, 14 and 15)."[8] As such it is not hard to understand why IPBES concluded that loss of biodiversity is "not only an environmental issue, but also a developmental, economic, security, social and moral issue as well."
7. In terms of the SDGs, twenty-one of the SDG targets expire in 2020 and will not be met. Securing commitments and action to meet the 2030 targets is now urgent and can only be achieved through truly integrated UK action, including deployment of UK aid.
8. The scale and interconnectedness of the 'triple crisis' requires DFID's departmental strategy to mainstream and integrate environmental sustainability and climate change action with poverty, as well as ensuring aid spent by DFID is aligned with, and integrated into, the wider cross-Whitehall strategy to ensure coherence and effectiveness of UK aid spending.
9. DFID policies and investments must also ensure more transparent consultation with, and greater inclusivity of, the views and voices of communities at the frontline of the climate and environmental crises. This includes engagement with civil society groups and faith-based organisations at national and local level, who are often closer to the communities most affected by climate change and environmental destruction.
10. Transparency of DFID interventions and participation of poor and vulnerable communities is also critical for UK aid spent as part of COVID-19 response and recovery. DFID must ensure promotion and integration of environmental sustainability and climate change action into recovery packages and avoid any dangerous return to "business as usual" practices that will further degrade the environment, exacerbate climate changes and undermine community resilience, including to further pandemics.
11. Under the Paris Agreement, the UK pledged to make global financial flows "consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development".[9]
12. As host of next Climate Summit (COP26), the UK will play a key role in delivering a successful outcome. This includes ensuring both emissions cuts and public finance are at the scale required to keep below dangerous levels of warming and support poorer countries and communities to adapt and build resilience to climate change impacts. The effectiveness of UK aid in supporting these outcomes is critical.
13. Launching the 'COP26 Private Finance Initiative' in February this year, UN Special Envoy and the UK Prime Minister's Finance Adviser for COP26, Mark Carney, stated that the climate change challenge requires a whole economy transition. Every investor, bank and insurer will need to adjust their business models for a low carbon world. He called for financiers to adopt a strategy based on the three 'R's of (i) climate risk management; (ii) risk reporting and; (iii) development of appropriate metrics to measure alignment of investments with net zero (returns).[10] Carney also highlighted the need for complementary action by public finance institutions to align with a net zero pathway and scale up blended forms of financing for the low-carbon transition.
14. In February 2019, the Independent Commission for Aid Impact (ICAI) published the findings of a performance review of UK International Climate Finance (ICF)'s low carbon development approach. ICAI found that should "refresh its strategy, including a clear approach to promoting low-carbon development and to integrating low-carbon development principles across the UK aid programme". In particular, DFID should "adopt a more structured and deliberate approach to integrating low-carbon development across its programming. It also called for improvements in "visibility and public accountability."[11]
15. In September 2018, the International Development Select Committee (IDC) held an inquiry into UK aid for combating climate change. In written evidence, CAFOD called for the UK to adopt a more strategic, integrated and cross-portfolio approach. Our key recommendations to the UK government are summarised below:
Put climate change at the centre of the UK's development strategy by aligning all its support with the Paris Agreement and the SDGs.
Ensure coherence of ODA support to developing countries through all channels, including the Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC) and other intermediated investments, as well as non-ODA support such as export finance.
Ensure meaningful and transparent reporting on the impact of UK ODA in addressing climate change and supporting climate-resilient development.
Use UK influence within the multilateral development system to promote a pro-poor transition to a climate-resilient zero-carbon development internationally.[12]
16. The IDC in its findings agreed with many of our recommendations, stating: "Climate change needs to be recognised as a cross-cutting strategic priority in all the UK's aid spending and should be comprehensively integrated across all development assistance strategies."[13] In addition, the IDC called for more integration of climate change action with delivery of the SDGs: "Climate finance has to be consistent with poverty reduction [….] All UK aid, no matter which department administers it, should be spent in a way that manages trade-offs and is consistent with both these goals."[14]
17. In response to the IDC report, then Secretary of State for International Development, Rory Stewart, accepted the need for "wholesale change" in DFID's approach to climate action to ensure consideration of climate and environmental protection in every project DFID pursues.[15]
18. More recently, Energy Minister the Rt Hon Kwasi Kwarteng reaffirmed the need for UK public finance to be aligned with climate action: "any form of [UK public] financing should absolutely take into account our net zero commitment, and it is in the process of doing so."[16] Secretary of State Alok Sharma also at the Placencia Ambition Summit and the Petersburg Climate Dialogue stated his ambition to align UK public finance with a low carbon, climate resilient pathway.
19. To date, however, there appears to be no process in place for developing a cross-DFID - let alone cross-Whitehall – strategy to align UK public finance nor progress on implementing the Recommendations of the IDC and ICAI inquiries. It is therefore unclear how the UK intends to adopt the appropriate cross-departmental decision-making criteria, monitoring and reporting frameworks to ensure policy alignment, nor ensure transparency and stakeholder engagement around such frameworks.
20. One specific example is CDC's new Climate Change Strategy. Given that CDC receives half of DFID's overall funding it is important that this Strategy is effective and developed transparently in order to ensure appropriate scrutiny.
21. UK NGOs from the BOND coalition were invited to participate in a presentation of the Climate Change Strategy by CDC in February 2020. NGOs welcomed CDC's stated intention to align its whole portfolio with keeping below 1. 5˚C but for the strategy to be effective, recommended that it must cover CDC's intermediated as well as its direct investments. In addition, NGOs highlighted the need for a proactive engagement strategy with CDC's clients and other key stakeholders such as peer DFIs and national level decision-makers, on the need for development pathways aligned with the 1.5˚C ceiling.[17]
22. The status of the CDC's Strategy and the process for seeking and responding to stakeholder input also remain unclear. When NGOs requested further dialogue on the Strategy, CDC stated it would be holding another "climate focused dialogue session" towards the end of the year. However, according to the CDC Board meeting notes of November 2019, the strategy has already been approved by the Board.[18] It is not clear what the purpose of the outreach to NGOs is, and whether there remains any opportunity for external stakeholders to inform and scrutinize the strategy development.
23. The lack of a strategic and integrated cross-Whitehall approach to aligning UK public finance overseas with its Paris commitments can be clearly illustrated by UK finance for energy overseas. The findings of the IDC Inquiry into UK aid for combating climate change (2019) stated that the lack of coherence on climate change across government policy was demonstrated by the support of UK Export Finance for fossil fuel economies in developing countries, and calling for this "to be urgently rectified."[19] It also highlighted the inconsistency of "continued ODA support for fossil fuels without apparent, comprehensive strategies in place for transitioning beyond these forms of energy".[20]
24. Further fossil fuel investment is incompatible with a reasonable to high chance of keeping below 1.5˚C of warming[21], yet emissions from burning fossil fuels are rising.[22] Fossil fuel use is also the main cause of ambient (outdoor) air pollution, resulting in an estimated 4.2 million premature deaths globally every year.[23]
25. Further fossil fuel development is incompatible with a reasonable to high chance of keeping below 1.5˚C of global warming. Fossil fuel use is also the main cause of ambient (outdoor) air pollution, resulting in an estimated 4.2 million premature deaths globally every year.[24] Household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels and using polluting lighting sources affects over 70 percent of Africans and significantly increases their vulnerability to respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19 and pneumonia (see below).
26. Fossil fuels are also not needed to lift people out of energy poverty. Currently 840 million people globally have no electricity and nearly three billion use polluting fuels for cooking.[25] Eighty-seven percent of those without electricity live in rural areas, far from centralised electricity grids, in what is called the 'last mile'.[26] A least-cost assessment indicates that two-thirds of electricity investment should be in decentralized renewable electricity (DRE) solutions (e.g. solar home systems, mini-grids) to reach the last mile.[27]
27. Only 8% of overall UK energy support and 12% of ODA support goes to energy access for poor communities.[28] This is despite a global financing gap for energy access, with only around one percent of current financing going to DRE and even less to clean cooking solutions.[29]
28. Fossil fuels are also not the optimal energy sources to power future inclusive development. Electricity demand in middle- and low-income countries is expected to grow but Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) from alternative energy sources points to renewables as the least cost option for future generation, not fossil fuels.[30] Renewable energy is now the most-added type of generation – with 2360 GW (62% of the total capacity) added in 2018.[31] Rather than supporting further fossil fuel lock-in, the UK should be supporting developing countries to access the technologies, and the financing, business and policy expertise required to build the transport and electricity systems of the future.
29. The UK has shown leadership by committing to phase out support for coal power domestically, and overseas finance through the Powering Past Coal Alliance. Most recently the Prime Minister pledged to stop all new direct UK public support for coal mining or power plants while "turbocharging" UK support for renewable energy.[32] Secretary of State Alok Sharma has also committed in tandem with seeking a coal phase up to scale up UK technical assistance, investment and policy support to developing countries to support them to shift to clean power, and to increase electricity access.
30. However, direct coal lending represents only 1% of the UK's energy support overseas.[33] Focussing on phasing out UK support for coal overseas and building international consensus for this goal alone will not be effective in terms of the UK playing its part in securing a just energy transition.
31. CAFOD and ODI research on UK support for energy overseas between 2010-17 (and presented to the EAC Inquiry on UKEF energy financing) identified £7.8 billion in UK energy support overseas (ODA and non-ODA) in this period. £4.6 billion or 60% of all support went to fossil fuel development, and almost 100% of export finance.[34] While most ODA support for energy overseas (2010-17) went to renewables (46%), almost a quarter (22%) went to fossil fuels, further exacerbating climate change.[35]
32. In addition, in terms of promoting a just energy transition, only 8% of overall UK energy support and 12% of ODA support goes to energy access for poor communities.[36] This is despite a global financing gap for energy access[37], especially for the decentralized renewable energy and clean cooking solutions that are the least-cost solutions for most communities living in energy poverty.[38]
33. The actual amount of fossil fuel finance overseas provided by the UK is likely far higher than the CAFOD/ODI research has highlighted, as there is a lack of data on fossil fuel support through CDC's intermediated investments and through the UK's shareholding in multilateral development banks (MDBs). Additional evidence of ongoing, large-scale UK fossil fuel support overseas includes recent analysis by Global Witness into the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG), showing $750 million of ODA spent on fossil fuel projects overseas from 2002-18.[39]
34. Given the above, the UK must commit urgently to a strategic, consistent whole-portfolio approach to its energy support overseas, encompassing DFID and all other departments channelling UK aid.
35. CAFOD recommends the UK makes a clear policy commitment to phasing out all support for all fossil fuels by 2021, and significantly scaling up support for renewable energy and energy efficiency and for energy access, particularly for decentralised renewable energy (DRE) and clean cooking. The UK should also review the impacts of the phase out on workers in the UK and overseas and develop a plan to support a just transition for those affected. Finally, it should proactively engage with other countries and MDBs to build a global coalition around this position.
36. Such a position would be in line with emerging best practice internationally. In November 2019, the European Investment Bank (EIB) raised the bar for public financiers by committing to end all fossil fuel support within two years.[40] The Canadian export credit agency has also announced that it will set targets to reduce the carbon intensity of its overall portfolio,[41] while BPIFrance, the French export credit agency, has enacted legislation to end to coal support and restrict oil and gas lending.[42]
How should the national interest be defined, and what weight should it be given, in relation to targeting UK aid?
37. The national interest lies in addressing the 'triple emergency'. This goal should also be prioritised in any new trade deals the UK pursues, as well as in how the UK targets aid in response to the COVID-19 crisis and in recovery packages.
38. There is a need for a strategic and integrated approach across all financing channels and all UK trading relationships if the UK's environmental, decarbonisation and poverty reduction are not to be undermined. Again, this can be illustrated by the example of UK ongoing support for fossil fuel overseas, both ODA and non-ODA. ODA and non-ODA should both be aligned with delivering low-carbon, climate resilient development.
39. This includes ensuring that recovery packages increase support for adaptation and climate change resilience and include measures to address environmental degradation to build general community resilience. Recovery packages should also increase community access to basic services, including health services. Increased support for energy access can also build community resilience, at household level, at the level of community services, including healthcare, and through supporting income-generating activities.[43]
40. UK aid should be targeted to support developing country governments to ensure citizens' needs are fully integrated into the planning and delivery of recovery interventions, including through use of social protection approaches to deliver basic services to the poorest and most vulnerable groups.[44]
41. This is also in the UK's national interest in terms of its own economy and future trading opportunities. For instance, in the case of UKEF's energy portfolio, this represents not only a huge exposure to climate risk but also a lost opportunity for UK trade in renewable energy. The growth of renewable energy sectors in the UK presents huge export opportunities, with an estimated $3.3tn expected to be invested globally in renewables by 2040.[45] The UK already has a world-leading domestic supply chain exporting wind, tidal and wave technology to over 40 countries.[46] UKEF's recent support for large-scale offshore wind developments and utility-scale solar shows the pathway to futureproof UKEF's energy portfolio.[47]
[1] IPCC (2018) Global Warming of 1.5 °C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty.
[2] IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
[3] The Southern African interior region has already reached 2°C of global heating, with corresponding impacts on production of food crops. "At 3°C of global warming, there is the potential for the total collapse of the maize crop in southern Africa. Remember, 3°C of global warming is 6°C regionally. At that number, there will also be a total collapse of the livestock industry." Engelbrecht, F., Adegoke, J., Bopape, M.J., Naidoo, M., Garland, R., Thatcher, M., McGregor, J., Katzfey, J., Werner, M., Ichoku, C. and Gatebe, C. (2015) Projections of rapidly rising Projections of rapidly rising surface temperatures over Africa under low mitigation. Environmental Research Letters, 10(8), p.085004.
[4] UK International Climate Finance (2020) https://www.gov.uk/guidance/international-climate-finance
[5] World Bank Group (WBG) (2019). Climate Change: Overview, 4 October.
[6] IPBES (2019) Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, May 2019
[7] WWF (2019) Tackling Forest Loss. https://www.wwf.org.uk/what-we-do/tackling-forest-loss-and-damage
[8] IPBES (2019. Op.cit. https://ipbes.net/news/Media-Release-Global-Assessment
[9] United Nations (2015). Paris Agreement, Article 2:1c.
[10] Bank of England (2020). 'Launch of COP26 Private Finance Agenda', 27 February.
[11] ICAI (2019). International Climate Finance: UK aid for low-carbon development, 19 February. See: https://icai.independent.gov.uk/report/international-climate-finance/.
[12] CAFOD (2018). INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE: UK aid for combating climate change inquiry – September 2018. Written evidence submitted by the Catholic Agency for Overseas Development (CAFOD).
[13] IDC (2019). UK aid for combating climate change/ Eleventh Report of Session 2017–19, HC 1432, 8 May. Executive Summary, p. 3.
[14] Ibid, p. 4.
[15] DFID (2019). "Rory Stewart comments on IDC report into use of UK aid to tackle climate change". 8 May. See: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/rory-stewart-comments-on-idc-report-into-use-of-uk-aid-to-tackle-climate-change
[16] See: https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2020-03-03/debates/38268926-C6A9-4229-B398-2538A6CE80B5/UKExportFinanceCoal?highlight=%22net%20zero%22#contribution-AC587BC3-D54C-4E44-BEF8-4FA56512B9D5
[17] CAFOD joint CSO letter to Colin Buckley, General Counsel and Head of External Affairs, CDC, March 2020.
[18] See: https://assets.cdcgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/18120316/CDC-Board-minutes-22-November-2019.pdf
[19] IDC (2019). Op. cit., p. 53.
[21] International Energy Agency (IEA) (2018). The IEA stated in relation to publication of its World Energy Outlook (WEO) that almost all of the world's carbon budget up to 2040 would by accounted for by emissions from existing power stations, vehicles and industrial facilities.
[22] Carbon Trust (2020). Analysis: Why coal use must plummet this decade to keep global warming below 1.5C
[23] World Health Organisation (2018) Ambient Air Pollution. See: https://www.who.int/airpollution/ambient/en/
[25] IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WBG & WHO (2019). Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2019.
[28] Sustainable Energy for All (2018). Energizing Finance: Understanding the Landscape 2018.
[29] Ibid. Moreover, less than one percent of global energy access finance flows to the DRE and clean cooking solutions needed by most poor people.
[30] IRENA (2019). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2018.
[31] IRENA (2020). 10 Years: Progress to Action, January.
[32] UK Government (2020). PM Africa Investment Summit speech: 20 January 2020.
[33] CAFOD & ODI (2019). UK Support for Energy in Developing Countries: 2010-2017.
[35] CAFOD & ODI (2019).
[39] Global Witness, February 2020, 'In Aid Of Who? The obscure investment fund using UK aid money to finance climate change around the world,' https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/climate-breakdown/aid-who/
[40] EIB (2019). 'EU Bank launches ambitious new climate strategy and Energy Lending Policy', 14 November
[41] Export Development Canada (2018). 'Climate Change Policy', December 2018.
[42] Reuters (2019). 'France targets fracking and flaring with export guarantee overhaul', 5 November.
[43] In sub-Saharan Africa, only 28% of healthcare facilities benefit from reliable electricity, and only 43% of the population is electrified at all. Puliti, R. World Bank Global Director for Energy and Extractive Industries and Regional Director for Infrastructure in Africa & Ogunbiyi, D. SEforALL CEO and Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Sustainable (2020).
'Energy access takes center stage in fighting COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and powering recovery in Africa', 22 April. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2020/04/22/energy-access-critical-to-overcoming-covid-19-in-africa
[44] Ibid. See also CAFOD, ODI and Sustainable Energy for All (2020). Energy Safety Nets Series. https://www.seforall.org/data-and-evidence/energy-safety-nets-series
[45] Bloomberg New Energy Foundation (BNEF) (2017). New Energy Outlook 2017.
[46] RenewableUK (2017). 'Export Nation: A Year in Wind, Wave and Tidal Exports', 24 April.
[47] UK Export Finance (2019) '£230 million in UKEF support for offshore wind farm in Taiwan', 5 November; UK Export Finance (2020), 'UK solar company secures funding to build two major solar plants in Spain', 2 January.


Location is key, which means Sheraton Albuquerque Airport Hotel has it all. Steps from ABQ with a complimentary airport shuttle.
Boasting dramatic views of the Sandia Mountains and the city's glittering skyline, we're conveniently located near area attractions such as the Historic Old Town Plaza, University of New Mexico, and several nearby golf courses. Just 1 mile away, Albuquerque International Sunport is easy to reach with our complimentary airport transportation.
Enjoy familiar comforts and genuine Southwestern hospitality at the Sheraton Albuquerque Airport Hotel. As the only full-service hotel located on Albuquerque International Sunport (ABQ), our front door is just 200 yards from baggage claim. Our complimentary 24-hour shuttle runs to and from the airport. Boasting dramatic views of the Sandia Mountains and the Rio Grande Valley, we're conveniently located near area attractions such as Historic Old Town, the eclectic Nob Hill, the University of New Mexico, the ABQ Bio-Park, and several golf courses. Settle in and enjoy the comfortable amenities in our 276 modern guest rooms, such as the plush Sheraton Sweet Sleeper® Bed. Stay connected to home or the office with Wireless High Speed Internet Access, and enjoy the convenience of an ergonomic work area, a 37" Flat Screen Television, and Starbucks® coffee and Tazo® teas. We've thought of everything you need for a memorable stay. Refresh yourself in our outdoor pool with mountain views, or get re-energized with a workout at Sheraton Fitness. Our sleek, contemporary lobby features The [email protected] Experienced with Microsoft® so you can get online for business or leisure also with complimentary Wi-Fi in our lobby area. The Rojo Grill and Rojo Lounge have been thoughtfully redesigned, making it easy for you to relax, socialize, and enjoy the cuisine of New Mexico. With over 12,000 square feet of flexible meeting space, we can easily and efficiently welcome any event, like banquets of up to 460 people and groups of up to 350 in a classroom and 630 in a theater. All meeting rooms feature High Speed Internet Access and the latest audiovisual amenities. We look forward to giving you a warm New Mexico welcome at the Sheraton Albuquerque Airport Hotel.
The Sheraton Airport Albuquerque will be hosting a Job Fair Wednesday, March 14, 2018. If you are looking to start or advance your hospitality experience, the Sheraton Airport Albuquerque would be a great start. We'd love for you to join our team!
Sherri says to play responsibly! Take the elevator home, exclusive rates available at the front desk. Have a fun and safe Friday evening!
Sherri is enjoying a cooked to order omlet before she meets with the wedding planner!
So this happened at our employee holiday party on Saturday... Sherri's date Marti (The Marriott Elf) proposed... Looks like a perfect merger, time to start wedding planning!
You don't have to travel far to getaway. Our hotel is conveniently located near the Albuquerque International Sunport and other area attractions plus New Mexico residents enjoy exclusive rates. Rates from $95 per night. Give a little and save an additional 10% discount at check-in. Donate a child's coat this holiday season and participate in our Coat Drive for New Mexico Children. Book online or call 866-716-8134 and ask for rate plan RESFLOAT.
Merry Pop-In's time again! Doug and I are headed to surprise Melissa Lujan at the Sheraton Albuquerque Airport Hotel! We picked up a couple dozen donuts from Dunkin Donuts, we've got movies and music from the 99.5 Magic FM Prize Closet and we're ready to Pop In!
To win YOUR Merry Pop- In, just enter at 995magicfm.com! We pick a random winner every weekday until the 22nd... hope to see you soon & Merry Christmas!
Sherri is hiding out in the Christmas decor! She's excited about the staff holiday party this weekend!
Sherri wanted to thank our VIP and friend Deborah for booking her event here. She thought she would get in on the action at the reg table as well!
Sherri found out our mercedes van just recieved a new paint job. She's going to take it out for another ride.
Looks like Sherri is enjoying the Holiday spirit and decorations at the hotel!
With the help of Sherri the Sheraton Elf, our F&B Director and 28 year employee Davilay Wells with our end of month inventory. Thanks for the extra hands Sherri!
Sherri wants to wish two of our amazing employees a very happy birthday! Happy birthday Shawn & Frances!
Thanksgiving leftovers are gone, so Sherri is going to order some traditional New Mexican food from Rojo Grill!
The bellmen needed an extra hand today, and Sherri the Sheraton Elf stepped in to assist so our staff could enjoy the holidays with their families!
Sherri is enjoying a nice game of Chess in the lobby, and she's winning!
Sherri - the Sheraton Elf just found out we offer complimentary shuttle service within a 3 mile radius. So she's taking our new Mercedes shuttle to Nob Hill to do some holiday shopping!
We hope you all had an amazing Thanksgiving! Our team returned this morning to find a special guest checking in... She requested a mountain view!
Enjoy quality time with your loved ones over Thanksgiving dinner at the Sheraton Albuquerque Airport Hotel.
Book you room accommodations for the 2017 New Mexico State Fair today!
Love is in the air. Wishing you all a wonderful Valentine's Day!
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Deck the halls! We hope you have a happy holiday surrounded by friends and family.
Give yourself a gift with a Sheraton Club stay this season. Enjoy breakfast, complimentary wifi, and an upgraded room. You deserve it.
Have you visited Albuquerque yet? We'd love to have you.
Don't miss out- Nob Hill is 100 this year! We provide complimentary shuttle service, so you can easily enjoy all the celebrations, boutique shops, great restaurants, and nightlife.
Planning your holiday travel? We'll make it easy for you. Stay two nights, and get the third free.
Happy hour just got happier - stop by the Rojo Bar to experience our selection of craft beer sourced from local brewers.
Discover Paired at Sheraton Albuquerque Airport Hotel. Explore small plates paired perfectly with Sheraton Selects and local craft beers.
We hope you and your family have a wonderful Thanksgiving!
Make your holiday trip a little less stressful with a stay at Sheraton Albuquerque Airport. Enjoy a convenient location and our complimentary airport shuttle, which runs 24 hours a day and 7 days a week!
Not your average Monday. Our biggest sale of the year has arrived! Save up to 35% on our lowest rates when you book by December 4 for stays through September 4, 2017.
The 35th annual Placitas Holiday Fine Arts & Crafts sale is this weekend! This is a great time to shop for unique gifts for all your friends and family. Stop by for dinner afterwards at the Rojo Grill!
On this Veterans Day, we say thank you to all those who served.
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Pay rates equal to your birth year after booking one night at a regular rate. Happy Birthday to you!
Looking to relax this weekend? Stay with us two nights, and the third is on us.
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The downtown growers' market is about to end for the season. Don't miss out meeting over 50 vendors, and sampling the best that Albuquerque has to offer.
Looking to get away? Come enjoy our view. We love to see your photos on social media. Thanks for sharing, @jebbett!
Happy #motivationmonday! Our fitness center is open 24 hours a day in order to help you get active your way, any time of the day.
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Here is a great little video showcasing our wonderful hotel!
Don't forget to join us for our Chistmas in July Party tomorrow 11:30-1:00PM. If you or you know someone that is planning a christmas party its a perfect time to come and see how beatiful our meeting space is and sample of food. RSVP to Ana at (505) 843-7000.


The game has since fizzled, dealing with scalability issues on the Ethereum blockchain. If that had been fixed before the launch of the Dapp the game would still probably be booming. However, a new game is set to launch soon with TRON (TRX) and China has some major crypto doggy fever. With the Chinese New Year slowly approaching, 2018 is the year of the dog and when word was spread about a potential cryptocurrency dog game, the cryptocurrency loving Chinese natives haven't stopped posting about it since.
Not much information has been given in regards to the game, but from what has surfaced it is set to be very similar to cryptokitties. Owners will buy certain dogs, that will have different characteristics and the goal is to breed with other owner's dogs to potentially breed a dog with "rare" characteristics. People pay to breed with your dog if it is unique and that's how users make a profit. More details are soon to emerge on the game, giving exact gaming specifics, but what we do know is that it will be using TRX coins.
At press-time, TRX is the 13th largest cryptocurrency by market cap and is selling at, $0.09 a coin, up 23% for the day.
TRON's founder has a rather impressive resume and is said to be the next "Jack Ma", the founder of Alibaba. At just 27 years of age he: graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, was 2015 among Forbes China's 30 under 30 and 2017 Forbes Asia 30 under 30, founder of Peiwo APP (China's Snapchat), and former chief representative at Ripple China. No wonder, the Chinese are getting behind this new TRX-backed game.
You are able to trade for TRX on exchanges such as Liqui and Binance for either Ether or Bitcoin. Those who don't own either of those coins can purchase them on Coinbase or Bitstamp and deposit them into their wallets on Binance. Binance is often used most for trades because it offers the lowest trading fees. We will continue to follow this story and update as more information is made available to the public.
For the latest update on the emerging game, click here.


My client is an award-winning law firm currently seeking a Conveyancing Auditor to join their dynamic team based in Cheltenham. You will report directly to the compliance manager to plan, develop and manage a systematic file audit process to ensure technical compliance. As well as conducting technical file reviews, you will provide clear and concise feedback to the compliance manager and operations team, identifying any trends, issues or concerns, making suggestions and offering advice, support and guidance where appropriate.
This is a great opportunity for someone looking to utilise their residential property knowledge within a part-time role. You will work 21 hours per week, and our client are flexible as to how these hours are worked. There may be some home working for the right person and there is free parking on site.
You will have an in-depth knowledge of conveyancing law; therefore, you will need good experience in a role within residential property. Ideally, you will be a qualified solicitor, legal executive or licensed conveyancer, with strong technical skills.
You will enjoy an excellent work life balance with the opportunity to work part time on a flexible basis. This role offers an excellent benefits package, as well as a competitive salary and free onsite parking.


I've been kind of obsessed with mixing my summer and autumn pieces lately. I'm guessing it's because I see everyone's gorgeous fall outfits but it's still in the 90-100 degree range here. I have some serious fall envy over here! I've never actually worn this floral ribbon Jenny skirt until today but I love the idea of mixing these pastel colors with black. It's the perfect way to transition this skirt into the cooler seasons instead of packing it away until spring. I don't think I could wait that long to wear it again!
Although this skirt now comes in a petite length, I chose to go with the original. At 24" long, it's perfect for my frame. Some of my older Jenny's are 27-28", which tend to be overwhelmingly long. I'm happy that the original version has now been shortened to 24" and the petite length comes in at 22". It's truly couture for every body!
This week has been incredibly challenging for me. In addition to home stress, I've had some personal turmoil which has really thrown my happy demeanor into a tizzy. I'm trying to stay positive and keep looking at the future (which includes moving into our amazing new home), but I have to take it one day at a time. I'm actually looking forward to a weekend at work, it's a nice distraction from the craziness at home! Plus, I have the best coworkers on earth, so that really sweetens the deal :).


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package com.github.taxbeans.forms;

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface RoundToDollars {

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Home Journalism Articles What the RNC Doesn't Want You to Know
What the RNC Doesn't Want You to Know
Wendi Strauch Mahoney
When it comes to winning elections, the greatest potential for change comes from grassroots activism at the local level. However, many American citizens are either ignorant of their potential for influence or do not lend their time in the numbers needed to effect change.
Conservative activist and West Point graduate Dan Schultz, who runs a website called The Precinct Project, says "there's power in numbers," and Precinct Committeemen are the "foot soldiers in the army" who can truly change the chemistry of the Republican Party as it now stands. Simply put, at the precinct level where the party should be its strongest, it is tragically where it is the weakest—and with devastating consequences.
Graphic/Right Lane Network Website
Friday, Tracy Beanz of UncoverDC and her co-host Frank put the spotlight on the long-time Arizona activist's straightforward and time-tested strategy on the Dark to Light Podcast.
Schultz's mission to transform the Republican party began in 2007. He had moved his family to Arizona, and the illegal immigration challenges there spurred him to action. His midwestern, small-town upbringing helped plant seeds that would later germinate and grow into meaningful civic action. And it was his seventh-grade social studies teacher, the late Sam Alvord, who "taught [him] basic American Civics in the late 1960s in Alma, Wisconsin," lessons that are very rarely taught in schools today. Those lessons were so impactful he dedicated his pithy but inspiring book—with a very long title—to Alvord: "How To Get Into The Real Ball Game Of Politics Where You Live To Help President Donald J. Trump Make America Great Again."
Graphic/rightlanenetwork.com
The November 2020 Election left many in the Trump movement feeling helpless. Many think the election was stolen from President Trump and are now feeling powerless to change things sufficiently to elect the people who represent their needs. However, Schultz says that, in many ways, feeling powerless and clueless is exactly what the Republican National Committee (RNC) wants voters to feel. The RNC has made it their job to hide the ways everyday Americans can effect change with relatively minimal commitment and time. Referencing the barrage of emails and junk-mail the RNC sends out, Schultz says, "The RNC really wants your money, but they do not want you to know where the real power lies."
The 50-minute interview was a mini-workshop on local activism at its best, demonstrating that becoming a Precinct Committeeman is one of the most effective ways to quickly change the party's direction—using the existing RNC tools to do so. Using the strategy of filling precinct committeeman spots with solid conservatives, Schultz was able to "[invest] a couple of hours a month and three or four at the time of the primary and general elections…in [his] precinct, with [his] conservative cohorts, double Republican turnout in a local mayoral race, as compared to the city-wide average turnout for all voters, and achieve an 86+ percent Republican turnout in the 2012 election."
Citizens across the country can leverage the Trump movement's momentum to fill precinct committeemen spots and truly change the party from the bottom up.
Graphic/PrecinctProject
Right now, says Schultz, "there are around 200,000 vacant slots for Precinct Committeemen." The RNC doesn't want you to know that, though. Schultz believes that we need to make sure those 200,000 spots are occupied by solid conservatives who respect and follow the constitution. However, working with the RNC's existing structure and its tools is the fastest way to transform the Republican Party. Schultz says that if "three-tenths of one percent (200,000) of Trump voters filled those spots, they could take over the party. We would guarantee better people getting elected in the 2022 primaries and general election, and by 2024 we would reclaim the House, the Senate, and Presidency votes are being counted properly."
As Tracy mentioned in the interview, Kelli Ward's election as GOP Chairwoman in Arizona has been hugely influential in the push for election integrity in the state. However, Schultz emphasized that Ward would be "entirely more effective" if the state party and its precincts, with vacancies in two-thirds of the slots, were to fill all the slots. He says that had Ward been fortified with an army of voices from solid constitutional conservatives behind her, her push to hold the Senate Legislature accountable for election integrity would have been much more effective—a lost opportunity for conservatives because it still doesn't have the citizen engagement it needs there. With more engagement at every level, election fraud is much harder to pull off.
The Precinct Project website provides a wealth of information for the neophyte activist looking to become involved. Provided are short how-to videos prepared for a 2020 Trump win on whom to recruit, the strategy, how to run and why you should, the importance of working from the Precinct Committeeman level, and more. "The real ballgame of politics is played at the local legislative district, county, and state political party committee meetings by the Precinct Committeemen," says Schultz. The website also lists on its side-banner all of the how-to guides for becoming a committeeman by state, as all states are different.
Schultz's ultimate goal is for someone in each state to provide to its incoming citizen activists easily digested information detailing organizational charts, guidelines, and deadlines so that citizens can gain a clear understanding of how and when to get involved. His mission is to make the process and time commitment as transparent and accessible as possible. The flyer below was created by Linda Herren, a National Committeewoman in Georgia:
Graphic/Get Involved
Schultz has helped develop a one-stop-shop website for Arizona called Right Lane Network that he hopes will be used as a template for other states. The website clearly lays out the mission and all the information a citizen might need to secure a bright future for the conservative party. It is also a secure, private portal for important communications for activists for the state.
Donor money and how it is spent is also often decided at the county officer level. However, Precinct Committeemen get to elect County Chairmen. "The county chairman is the person who has sole authority on how and where that money gets spent, so if you're on the county committee and you've elected a good County chairman, the stewardship for that money will be very good."
Schultz says it is imperative for conservatives to unite. It is time to dissolve the "political wall of indifference" between those who pay attention to politics and those who do not.
Graphic/Precinct Project/The Wall of Indifference
Shultz emphasizes that if Americans truly want change, they will have to become engaged and united. He also says that the fractured nature of the party is crushing its potential for winning consistently.
Graphic/Precinct Project/Unite
One of the more obvious but probably under-appreciated nuances of Schultz' strategy is how one needs to attract the low-information, lower-propensity voter. This is where his close-knit, small-town America upbringing really shines. He says the key to engaging those voters is at the personal, neighbor-to-neighbor communication that can only be accomplished at the grassroots level. A personal phone call from a Precinct Committeeman is the way to deliver information about the candidates. Later a follow-up with a flyer left at the door explaining the differences between the candidates or promises that an incumbent didn't keep can truly help ensure that the low-interest voter goes to the polls. Primaries are more important than most realize, and low turnout by Republicans in primaries can have a very detrimental effect.
"If you can target the 75% that don't normally vote in the primary and boost their turnout, give them a reason vote, they'll go vote. But you gotta be able to target them. What do you need to target them? You need REAL people. See those lower information, lower propensity folks; they don't pay attention to mailers, they don't listen to the TV ads in the radio ads. What they need is a gentle reminder and a reason to go vote from a REAL, LIVE, person."
The ultimate goal, Schultz says, is to "take over the Republican party and make it a hammer against socialism."
Committeemen
Committeewoman
Dark to Light Interview
Right Lane Network
The Precinct Project

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2016): Winter /
Improving Interdisciplinary Relationships in Primary Care with the Implementation of TeamSTEPPS
Nicole Siddons University of Minnesota School of Nursing
Teddie M Potter University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
https://doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v3i1.122
partnership, primary care, interdisciplinary collaboration, interprofessional relationships, TeamSTEPPS, healthcare
A major challenge in healthcare is lack of interdisciplinary collaboration (O'Daniel & Rosenstein, 2008). The Institute of Medicine report, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System (1999), shows that errors often occur due to lapses in partnership and communication. This article describes the implementation of TeamSTEPPS, an evidence-based tool for optimizing staff relationships and partnership, in a clinic in which a change in the care model had affected interprofessional collaboration and teamwork, threatening healthcare outcomes and staff engagement. The implementation of TeamSTEPPS, customized using elements of IDEO's (2015) Human-Centered Design, shifted the culture of the clinic towards partnership, resulting in improved staff perceptions of teamwork and statistically significant improvements in the quality of patient care.
Siddons, N., & Potter, T. M. (2016). Improving Interdisciplinary Relationships in Primary Care with the Implementation of TeamSTEPPS. Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v3i1.122
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2016): Winter
All work in IJPS is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
Copyright of content published in IJPS belongs to the author(s).
The Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies (IJPS) shares scholarship and creates connections for cultural transformation to build a world in which all relationships, institutions, policies and organizations are based on principles of partnership.
About the Journal | Vision & Mission | Editorial Board | Policies | Call for Papers | Author & Reviewer Accounts
Our Global Readers
A Partnership Between:
Center for Partnership Studies
UMN School of Nursing
UMN Libraries
The copyright of these individual works published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing remains with the original creator or editorial team. For uses beyond those covered by law or the Creative Commons license, permission to reuse should be sought directly from the copyright owner listed on each article page.


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Move to Amend
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Local petitions seek to undo Citizens United case
NEWARK — Local organizers want city voters to support a federal constitutional amendment asserting that "corporations are not people and money is not speech."
One hundred fourteen petitions submitted Monday to the Newark City Council's clerk are part of a national movement to overturn the U.S. Supreme Court's 2010 ruling in Citizens United v. the Federal Election Commission.
That ruling declared that corporations and unions have the same rights as individuals to unrestricted spending on political speech.
Wayne Beemer, of Newark, said his group — originally formed as the 99 percent of Newark and East Central Ohio — has collected slightly fewer than 1,800 signatures since November. The collective is affiliated with Move to Amend, a national coalition of like-minded groups.
Beemer said his group hopes to educate people and support the nationwide effort. Local support could help other Ohio cities put pressure on the state Legislature for action, he said.
The petition contends that the court's decision severely limits the ability of federal, state and local governments to enact reasonable campaign finance reform and regulate corporate political activity.
The local petition seeks to establish an annual Democracy Day, starting next March, on which the mayor and the council would host a public hearing to examine the local impact of political contributions from corporations, political action committees and super PACs. The mayor, at least one council member and citizens could submit testimony.
Within one week of that hearing, the mayor would be required to send a letter to state and federal Congress members stating that Newark citizens voted in favor of a citizens' initiative calling for a constitutional amendment declaring that only human beings are legal persons with constitutional rights and money is not equivalent to speech, "and therefore regulating political contributions and spending is not equivalent to limiting political speech."
Those annual Democracy Day public hearings would end after ratification of the requested constitutional amendment by 75 percent of the country's state legislatures.
"It's a long process," Beemer said. "Obviously, we're not going to change the Constitution out of Newark, Ohio."
Council Clerk Autumn Klein will keep the local petitions in her office for public viewing through 4:30 p.m. July 24, City Law Director Doug Sassen said.
Klein will then submit the documents the following day to the Licking County Board of Elections, which must rule on whether the petitions contain at least 1,303 valid signatures, or 10 percent of the Newark residents who voted in the 2010 gubernatorial race, elections board director Gloria Carson said.
If approved, the board would then create ballot language and submit it to the Ohio Secretary of State's Office, before returning the language and petitions to the city within 10 days.
Klein would then be required to resubmit the petitions to the board of elections by 4 p.m. Aug. 6 to meet the deadline for the Nov. 4 ballot, Carson said.
jwilliams6@newark
advocate.com
Twitter: @JoeAdvocate
Corporate Personhood/Corporate Constitutional Rights
Democracy Movement
Money as Free Speech
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Move to Amend is a coalition of hundreds of organizations and hundreds of thousands of individuals committed to social and economic justice, ending corporate rule, and building a vibrant democracy that is genuinely accountable to the people, not corporate interests. We call for an amendment to the US Constitution to unequivocally state that inalienable rights belong to human beings only, and that money is not a form of protected free speech under the First Amendment and can be regulated in political campaigns.
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Q: Sightly condition check Below is my code.  actually i am displaying list of children (in 2 sections) on click in header navigation.

<li data-sly-test="${level2List.index <= level1.mainNavForkIndexValue}">

-----------

 level1.mainNavForkIndexValue}">

----

Now my requirement , i want to display same results in 3 sections, i want to segregate the list of children in 3 sections (3 divs).
Earlier  2 sections (50% in first sections and another 50% in 2nd section)
"${level2List.index <= level1.mainNavForkIndexValue}",   ${level2List.index > level1.mainNavForkIndexValue}">

Now 3 sections (30,30,40 or  33,33,34%)
I need suggestion for sightly condition on how to achieve this.

A: You can use css for the container div. Try using flex and then style accordingly.
Here's an article on the same
https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/

A: You can use the bootstrap grid system to display the three columns. You can have a look at the below link:
https://www.w3schools.com/bootstrap4/bootstrap_grid_basic.asp

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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El esqueleto humano es el conjunto de huesos que proporciona al cuerpo humano su estructura. En el adulto consta de 206 huesos.

Está formado por tejido óseo y tejido cartilaginoso. Representa alrededor del 12 % del peso total del cuerpo humano, por lo tanto, el esqueleto de una persona de 75 kilogramos pesa 9 kilogramos. Los huesos se unen entre sí mediante articulaciones y están estrechamente unidos a ligamentos, tendones, y músculos.

El esqueleto, también llamado sistema esquelético o sistema óseo, forma el aparato locomotor, junto con el sistema muscular.

Divisiones
El esqueleto humano se divide en dos partes:
Esqueleto axial, formado por el cráneo, columna vertebral, costillas y esternón. Consta de 80 huesos.
Esqueleto apendicular, formado por los huesos de los miembros superiores e inferiores junto con las cinturas escapular y pelviana. Consta de 126 huesos.

Funciones
El esqueleto tiene varias funciones:
 Sostén mecánico y mantenimiento postural: El esqueleto funciona como una estructura rígida que da forma al organismo, mantiene la morfología corporal y hace posible la posición bípeda.
 Movimiento: Las uniones entre dos huesos adyacentes (articulaciones) hacen posible los movimientos corporales, además los huesos sirven como lugar de inserción a los tendones de los músculos.
 Protección: El esqueleto actúa en muchos casos como protección de los órganos internos. De esta forma los huesos que forman el cráneo protegen el encéfalo, las vértebras de la columna vertebral sirven de protección a la médula espinal y las costillas evitan que se produzcan daños en los pulmones, el corazón y los grandes vasos sanguíneos del tórax.
 Almacén metabólico: funcionando como moderador de la concentración e intercambio de sales de calcio y fosfato.
 Producción de células sanguíneas: Tiene lugar en la médula ósea roja que se encuentra en el interior de algunos huesos.

Estructura de los huesos

Los huesos que forma el esqueleto constan de varias partes:
 Diáfisis. Se llama diáfisis a la porción central o cuerpo de los huesos largos.
 Epífisis. Se llama epífisis a cada uno de los extremos de los huesos largos.
 Metáfisis. Se llama metáfisis a una zona intermedia de los huesos largos que está situada entre la zona central (diáfisis) y los extremos (epífisis).
 Cartílago articular. Es una estructura formada por tejido cartilaginoso que se interpone entre los extremos de dos huesos adyacentes, permitiendo el deslizamiento de las superficies en contacto gracias a que presenta un coeficiente de fricción muy bajo. No tiene vasos sanguíneos y se nutre a través de las moléculas del líquido sinovial que penetran en su superficie. Está formado por células especializadas llamadas condrocitos y una matriz extracelular compuesta por fibras de colágeno tipo II.
 Periostio. Membrana de tejido conectivo fibrosa y resistente que cubre los huesos por su superficie externa.
 Cavidad medular. Es un espacio sin tejido óseo ubicado en la zona central de la diáfisis de los huesos largos. La cavidad medular esta rellena por médula ósea amarilla, tejido formado por células adiposas que almacenan importantes cantidades de triglicéridos que suponen una reserva energética. No debe confundirse la médula ósea amarilla con la médula ósea roja, también presente en los huesos, que tiene la función de producir las células sanguíneas.
 Endostio. Membrana delgada del tejido conjuntivo que tapiza la superficie interior de la cavidad medular de los huesos largos.

Tipos de huesos

Los huesos del esqueleto humano pueden dividirse en varios tipos dependiendo de su forma:
 Huesos largos . Predomina la longitud sobre otras dimensiones como ocurre con los principales huesos de las extremidades: fémur, tibia, peroné, húmero, cúbito y radio.
 Huesos cortos. No predomina ninguna de las dimensiones sobre las restantes, su forma es más o menos cúbica. Por ejemplo los pequeños huesos que forman el carpo en la muñeca y el tarso en el tobillo.
 Huesos planos. Por ejemplo los huesos que forman la bóveda del cráneo.
 Huesos irregulares. Por ejemplo las vértebras que forman la columna vertebral.
 Huesos sesamoideos. Son pequeños huesos accesorios que se presentan en diversas localizaciones, generalmente en las proximidades de los tendones, sobre todo en manos y pies. Reciben su nombre porque la forma puede recordar a la de la semilla del sésamo.

Articulaciones

Constituyen el lugar de unión entre 2 huesos. Son imprescindibles para que exista movilidad, si no existieran articulaciones el esqueleto sería una estructura rígida y el movimiento muy limitado o imposible.

Existen varios tipos de articulaciones, algunas hacen posible una amplia variedad de movimiento en todas direcciones como la articulación del hombro, otras solo permiten un tipo de movimiento como la articulación del codo. Algunas son fijas como las que se establecen entre los huesos que forman el cráneo que no permiten ningún movimiento (sinartrosis).

Las articulaciones con amplia movilidad reciben el nombre de articulaciones sinoviales o diartrosis, se caracterizan porque los extremos de los huesos están firmemente unidos mediante una cápsula articular. En el interior de la articulación existe un espacio libre que está relleno por el líquido sinovial. Este tipo de articulaciones son las que existen en las extremidades (hombro, rodilla, codo, etc.)

Número de huesos

El número de huesos que forman el esqueleto de un adulto humano es 206, sin contar los pequeños huesos sesamoideos ni los huesos suturales o supernumerarios que algunas personas tienen en el cráneo. En la infancia el número de huesos es superior, pues algunos se sueldan durante el proceso del desarrollo, esto ocurre con los huesos de la pelvis (ilion, isquion y pubis) que se sueldan en el adulto originando el hueso coxal, también el coxis está formado por la fusión de 3 o 4 pequeñas vértebras. En algunos textos se considera el hueso del estribo situado en el oído medio como dos unidades independientes (lenticular y estribo) por lo que se da la cifra de 208 huesos. En un porcentaje importante de la población las pequeñas vértebras coxígeas no se sueldan totalmente y permanecen independientes, también pueden existir una o dos costillas supernumerarias en la última vértebra cervical (costillas cervicales).  Todas estas consideraciones y algunas más hacen que el recuento total de huesos del esqueleto humano no sea tan fácil de determinar con exactitud como podría parecer y el número total de huesos que se describen en los textos de anatomía es variable dependiendo de las consideraciones de cada autor, citándose en ocasiones hasta 219 huesos sin contar los sesamoideos. En la siguiente descripción se citan los 206 huesos independientes del adulto y su ubicación según las cifras más generalmente aceptadas.

Esqueleto axial y apendicular
Uno de los esquemas para el estudio del esqueleto humano, lo divide en dos partes:
 Esqueleto axial: está formado por el cráneo, columna vertebral, costillas y esternón. Constituye el eje del cuerpo y forma una fuerte estructura que protege al sistema nervioso central y los órganos situados en el interior del tórax: pulmones, corazón y grandes vasos sanguíneos.
 Esqueleto apendicular: está formado por los huesos que forman la cintura escapular y cintura pelviana y los que constituyen las cuatro extremidades (brazos y piernas). Los huesos situados en las cinturas unen el esqueleto axial con el apendicular, es decir el tronco con las extremidades. La cintura escapular sirve de unión entre el tronco y la extremidad superior y la cintura pelviana une el tronco con la extremidad inferior, obsérvese que el concepto anatómico de cintura es diferente al uso que se le da a este término en la vida ordinaria.

Tejido óseo

El tejido óseo es el que forma la mayor parte del esqueleto. Es un tejido dinámico que se modifica a lo largo de la vida y está formado por células y una matriz intercelular dura y resistente. La matriz ósea se compone de un 25% de agua, 25 % de proteínas y 50 % de sales minerales, principalmente sales de calcio (hidroxiapatita cálcica y fosfato cálcico). Las células que lo componen son de 4 tipos:
Células osteoprogenitoras. Son células precursoras que originan las restantes células del tejido óseo.
Osteoblastos. Son células formadoras de hueso, continuamente secretan moléculas de glucoproteínas, mucopolisacáridos y tropocolágeno que forman una matriz que se mineraliza mediante el depósito de sales de calcio.
Osteoclastos. Son células que degradan y reabsorben el hueso. Tienen por lo tanto la misión opuesta a los osteoblastos.
Osteocitos. Son células maduras que proceden de los osteoblastos.

Tipos de tejido óseo

El tejido óseo puede ser de dos tipos: tejido óseo compacto y tejido óseo esponjoso.

El tejido óseo compacto se encuentra en la diáfisis de los huesos largos, en el exterior e interior de los huesos planos y en distintas zonas del resto de los huesos. Está constituido por capas concéntricas de laminillas óseas que forman estructuras cilíndricas llamadas osteonas. En el centro de los osteonas se encuentran los conductos de Havers por donde transitan los vasos sanguíneos y los conductos de Volkmann que sirven para conectar varios conductos de Havers.
El tejido óseo esponjoso se encuentra en las epífisis de los huesos largos y la región interior de la mayor parte de los demás huesos, incluyendo los huesos planos. Su aspecto es diferente a la del hueso compacto, posee laminillas intersticiales que se disponen de forma irregular formando pequeños tabiques que se llaman trabéculas, los cuales componen una estructura esponjosa en cuyos huecos se encuentra la médula ósea roja. La médula ósea roja es el lugar donde se forman las células constituyentes de la sangre, su correcto funcionamiento es esencial para el organismo.

Hormonas que actúan sobre el hueso
Diferentes hormonas actúan sobre el hueso y favorecen o frenan su crecimiento y mineralización.
 Hormona tiroidea:Estimula la osificación endocondral.
 Hormona del crecimiento o GH: Aumenta la formación de hueso, su exceso causa gigantismo.
 Calcitonina: Disminuye la reabsorción ósea y baja el nivel de calcio en la sangre.
 Paratohormona: Acelera la reabsorción ósea y aumenta el calcio en la sangre.
 Estrógenos: En la mujer facilitan la remineralización y evitan la reabsorción de hueso.
 Andrógenos: Producen una aceleración del crecimiento óseo. Sin embargo el exceso de andrógenos en la etapa puberal causa también un cierre epifisario precoz por lo que la talla final adulta será más baja que la media.
 Vitamina D: Estimula el transporte activo de calcio y de fósforo a través del intestino. Su déficit favorece la pérdida de mineralización ósea y provoca osteoporosis u osteomalacia.

Enfermedades del sistema esquelético

Debe distinguirse las enfermedades que afectan principalmente a los huesos de aquellas que alteran el funcionamiento de las articulaciones:

Huesos
 Raquitismo. esta enfermedad es propia de la infancia  se presenta con carencias de calcio y fósforo.
 Fractura ósea. Consiste en la rotura de un hueso, generalmente causada por un traumatismo.
 Osteoporosis. Consiste en la pérdida de densidad del hueso por deficiente mineralización y pérdida de las proteínas óseas. Provoca fragilidad de la estructura y se producen fracturas sin traumas o por traumatismos leves.
 Osteomielitis. Infección que afecta al tejido óseo. Uno de los gérmenes que puede provocar osteomielitis es el bacilo de Koch, agente causante de la tuberculosis.
 Osteomalacia. Se produce una alteración en el hueso de tal forma que el depósito de sales de calcio es insuficiente. Por ello los huesos son débiles y se deforman con facilidad. Si afecta a niños en periodo de crecimiento se llama raquitismo. Una de las causas es el déficit de vitamina D.
 Cáncer óseo primario. Los tumores óseos pueden ser de diferentes tipos, entre ellos el osteosarcoma y el condrosarcoma.
 Osteogénesis imperfecta. Enfermedad congénita que provoca huesos propensos a la fracturas y de escasa resistencia. Se debe a la falta de producción de una de las proteínas que forman la matriz ósea.
 Acromegalia. Se debe a aumento en la producción de hormona del crecimiento, lo que provoca que los huesos aumenten de tamaño de forma descontrolada.
 Acondroplasia. Enfermedad de origen genético que provoca enanismo por disminución en la longitud de los huesos, sobre todo los de las extremidades.

Articulaciones
 Artritis.
 Artritis reumatoide. Enfermedad inflamatoria de origen autoinmune, caracterizada por inflamación persistente de las articulaciones. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a las pequeñas articulaciones de manos y pies
 Artritis psoriásica. Proceso inflamatorio de las articulaciones asociado a la psoriasis.
 Artritis gotosa. Se produce por depósito de ácido úrico.
 Artrosis. Enfermedad degenerativa muy frecuente en personas de edad media o avanzada que afecta a las articulaciones.

Referencias

Véase también
 Anexo:Huesos en el esqueleto humano
 Otros tipos de esqueletos
 Especialidades médicas relacionadas con el esqueleto: Traumatología, Ortopedia, Reumatología

Bibliografía

 Guyton, C. A. & Hall, J. H.: Tratado de fisiología médica, McGraw-Hill, 10ª, México, 2004. ISBN 970-486-0322-2.
 Rouvière, H. & Delmas, A.: Anatomía humana: descriptiva, topográfica y funcional, Masson, 9ª, Barcelona, 1996. ISBN 84-458-0506-2.

Enlaces externos

 Lista de huesos humanos ordenados por longitud

Anatomía humana
Sistema esquelético

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
the persistent voice
magazine covers from the masses & liberator magazines
tamiment library & robert f. wagner labor archives at new york university (excerpt):
the masses, a richly illustrated radical magazine, was published monthly in new york from 1911 until 1917, when it was suppressed by the government for its anti-war and anti-government perspective ~ the masses blended art and politics and included fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and illustrations by many of the leading radical figures of the day ~ the digital edition reproduces the holdings of the tamiment library & robert f. wagner labor archives at new york university ~ to contact the library, please email special.collections@nyu.edu.
marxist.org (excerpt):
the liberator, arguably the greatest radical magazine ever produced in america, began in the spring of 1918 as a successor to the new york left wing political, artistic, and literary magazine, the masses, which had been effectively terminated by postal censorship and justice department prosecution during world war i ~ masses editor max eastman and his sister crystal... determined to carry forward the masses project in new clothes... the change of name did not mean a change of political orientation, however ~ as with the masses, the liberator continued to support various tendencies of the socialist movement, gradualist to revolutionary...
source information:
the masses source page: <http://dlib.nyu.edu/themasses/>
liberator source page: <https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/culture/pubs/liberator/#tm>


Usually, when violin people talk about comparing Stradivaris and Guarneris they're talking about comparing the violins of Antonius Stradivarius and Joseph Guarnerius 'del Gesu'. BUT not with cellos! Why? Because as far as the violin world knows, del Gesu didn't make any cellos! (An important aside- There's one Joseph filius Andrea labeled cello from 1731 that many people believe shows all or at least some work by del Gesu. But that's it. Just one. Well, maybe two. Watch the video below with the Australian Chamber Orchestra's Guarnerius cello.) So we compare the contemporaries of Stradivarius in the Guarnerius family- Andrea, Joseph filius Andrea and the two Pietros, one of Mantua and the other of Venice. Yes, that's a lot of Guarneris. Stradivarius lived a long time!
The Guarneri family and Stradivari definitely had different clienteles. Stradivari made instruments for many of the royal houses of Europe. The Guarneris were making instruments for troubadours and different types of string "marching bands". Look at the above video at 1:08. See the circle of darker wood towards the center of the back? That's where a troubadour cellist once drilled a hole into the back of the cello so that a holding peg could be put into the cello and then attached to a shoulder strap. Surprisingly, fairly similar to the shoulder straps for NS Design electric cellos.The Guarneris never attained the recognition or noble patronage of Amati and Stradivari, so for the most part, they worked with lower quality materials.
Generally, the cellos made by the Guarnerius family are somewhat shorter in body length but much higher arched than Stradivaris. What's the arch? In instrument making, the arch is the term we use for the curves that are shaped into the instrument's top and back. A higher arch means the top and back rise higher from the edge. In simple terms, a higher arched instrument is fatter. A high arch often means the instrument will have a sweeter sound but not project as well.
Stradivari's long career meant that his cellos underwent many changes. His early cellos, made in the late 1600s, mostly followed a large design and were often bass cellos that had five strings and could be tuned down into the bass range. These huge cellos were about 790mm in length! (Cellos are Big. They Used to be Bigger ) Cellos in that time were used almost exclusively as basses, so while they were musically crucial, they were rarely soloists. Musicians would rarely use the register above 1st position, so a large instrument was perfectly functional. But with the invention of wire-wound strings, a wire string with a catgut core, a finer bass sound was possible. At the same time, a generation of cello composers and performers emerged, including Giuseppe Maria Jacchini and Domenico Gabrielli. Their compositions, which featured cellos as soloists, demanded an adapted cello with a shorter body stop length and a narrower body.
Andrea Guarneri is thought to have been one of the first to adopt a smaller form. Stradivari was slower to adapt, only making smaller cellos in the late 1690s. One of the first examples is the 1700 'Cristiani' cello has a back of 766mm compared to the 792mm of the 1690 'Medici'. In around 1707, Stradavari somewhat standardized the smaller cello dimensions and these cellos are collectively referred to as 'forma B' cellos. The 1711 'Duport', which allegedly has marks from Napoleon's spurred boots, is 755mm in length and is much narrower than Stradivari's larger form cellos. These cellos were usually under 762mm, or 30 in., in length, had narrower outlines, taller ribs, and a shorter body stop. Many modern luthiers use dimensions vaguely based on 'forma B' for their cellos. Later, Stradivarius, likely with the help of his son Francesco, reduced the size of his cellos even more to create the 'forma B piccola'. An example of this would be the 1730 'De Munck', which has a back length of 746mm. Only 6 'forma B piccola' cellos and 20 'forma B' cellos exist today.
What a 'body stop' and 'neck stop' look like on a modern violin. Cellos vary quite a bit but the neck length is usually about 280mm and the body stop is about 395 to 400mm.
The Guarneris: Andrea, Joseph 'filius Andrea', and the 2 Pietros all made some cellos. Andrea Guarneri was one of the first luthiers to make some smaller violoncellos, though he did make larger model cellos for the most part. His 1669 'Soyer' had a back length of 754mm despite being created 30 years before Stradivarius' first smaller cello the 'Christiani'. His cellos are praised in the Hills book The Violin Makers of the Guarneri Family for having good f-hole placement and beautiful scrolls. Altogether, Andrea Guarneri made only 14 cellos that we know of.
Andrea Gaurneri's son, Pietro of Mantua, also made instruments, although fewer, since he was both a musician and luthier. Only one of his cellos survives today, and is played by Ronald Leonard. He bought it in 1964 and has had it ever since. He says it is "not huge-sounding, but it projects very well, and it has a beautiful core to its sound" it has "a uniqueness of sound which I find very appealing". Though he was given the chance to play the 'General Kyd' Stradivarius cello as the LA Philharmonic principal cellist, he passed it up and continued playing his Guarneri cello.
Pietro of Mantua's instruments in general are very highly regarded and are very rare. His younger brother Joseph 'filius Andrea', who eventually inherited the Guarneri workshop, also made violoncellos which are exceedingly rare today. One of Joseph filius Andrea's cellos, made in 1729, is played in The Australian Chamber Orchestra and shows distinctive hand work from Guarnerius del Gesu. Joseph's (filius Andrea) instruments are considered of better quality than his father, Andrea. His cellos are often recognized as the work of a master, but as with all Guarneris, he is and was overshadowed by Stradivarius.
Hear Australian Chamber Orchestra cellist Timo-Veikko Valve play the orchestra's 1729 Guarnerius cello.
Joseph's older brother, Pietro of Venice, was supposed to inherit the shop, but moved to Venice in order to escape the Stradivari dominance in Cremona. His 1739 'Beatrice Harrison' cello was praised by the great 19th century cellist Antoine Vidal as "[entitling] Pietro Guarneri to be placed amongst the great Italians". He is praised for combining Cremonese and Venetian styles well, using a Strad-like form with edging and corners based on his father's work, and a Venetian red varnish.
Today, it is rare to see even a historical cello of 'Medici' dimensions, as almost all the old Stradivarius cellos have been cut down to modern dimensions to make them more playable. Only three unaltered large form cellos remain, the 'Medici' in the Instituto Cherubini of Florence, the 1699 'Castelbarco' which is in the Library of Congress, and the 1701 'Servais' at the Smithsonian.
The 1696 'Lord Aylesford', often thought to be one of the uncut Stradivarius cellos, since it has an incredible length of 794mm, was probably reduced in dimensions by Henry Werro. The great cellist Janos Starker played on the 'Aylesford' for 15 years. Here's his description from seeing it in Werro's shop, "I visited Henry Werro in Bern, the luthier who had eventually purchased [the 'Lord Aylesford']. As he was unable to find a buyer for it, he had decide to reduce its size. When I looked at my partner of 15 years, I felt sick. I ran away from Werro's shop and never saw him or it again."
What do you hear when comparing the various Stradivarius and Guarnerius cellos? Generally, the Stradivarius cellos are considered more "soloist" instruments. But with the right player and the right set up, many of the Guarnerius instruments produce an incredibly sweet sound that can still fill a concert hall.


Leather-Look Shiny Black Shirt with Embossed Dots. The leather-look shine doesn't stop on this mens shiny black shirt covered in glossy raised dots. Black button down shirt has a standard collar with long sleeves and classic front-button closure. Sequin-shaped dots envelop the shirt with a lustrous sheen imitating the look of patent leather with a gently embossed texture. Shimmery fabric made from a smooth poly-spandex blend with light, comfortable stretch. You can try pairing this shiny black shirt for men with matte pieces to make your top the main statement.


To make a donation to our Player Scholarship Fund, simply click the secure link below. Thanks!
For the 2019 season, Mukilteo Little League is offering two scholarships: 50% or 100% of the applicable registration fee to qualified applicants who demonstrate a need for financial aid.
Applications submitted after the dates above may not be approved, so please plan accordingly and allow enough time for Mukilteo Little League to receive your application by the above date. You can expect to receive a response from the league Registrar within five days.
Once approved, you will receive an email from the Registrar with instructions on how to register in the Stack Sports registration system using a scholarship code. Online registration is required. Any remainder fee for 50% scholarships must be paid using a credit card at the time of registration. Scholarships are not transferrable and may not be used for more than one registration unless specifcally approved.


A community of deacons is an idea still in formation.
That is despite the diaconate's long history. The office is almost as old as the church itself. The Acts of the Apostles describes how seven men 'acknowledged to be deeply spiritual and prudent' were chosen to serve neglected widows.
The diaconate, which in the medieval church faded to a step on the way to priesthood, was revived as an office for married men after the Second Vatican Council. The Archdiocese of Portland ordained several permanent deacons in the 1970s and 80s. Larger classes began entering ministry in the 1990s. There are now almost 50 permanent deacons in Oregon, including more than a dozen in the rural central and eastern parts of the state.
In the U.S., there are more than 15,000 permanent Catholic deacons. Only Germany has more.
The U.S. Catholic bishops recently released guidelines for the education and formation of deacons, unifying what before had been a patchwork of diocesan policies.
Deacons, ordained especially to serve those in need, also preside at baptisms, weddings and funerals. They give homilies and workshops. Spanish-speaking men have been entrusted with the spiritual care of Hispanic Catholics.
Newly formed in the archdiocese is a conference of deacons, created to offer interpersonal support for the men and their wives. Plans call for regional groupings of deacons who meet regularly.
'I think there is a strong effort to help foster these deacon communities,' says Deacon Chris Anderson, who serves at St. Mary Parish in Corvallis. Ordained in 1997, he is a professor of English at Oregon State University and leads retreats and scripture studies at the OSU Newman Center.
Every few months, he and wife Barb (a pastoral associate at St. Mary's) meet with other 'deacon couples' from the area to discuss faith and life and pray over it all. The common experiences of the couples - especially the travails -Â draw them together naturally.
The most common challenge is trying to balance ministry with family.
Barb Anderson recently gave a retreat for the wives of deacons, who can feel left with more than their share of tending to family and household.
In essence, a deacon takes on a 20-hour-per-week volunteer job. The couples rarely get to attend Mass together. If there are young children, the wife tends them alone during church and other meetings. Time management, Barb Anderson explains, is an 'enormous' problem.
In many cases, men embrace the diaconate in their middle age, after children are grown. Just when wives expect to see their husbands more and get more help around the homestead, ministry keeps them as busy as ever.
Often, the wives have become just as theologically astute as their husbands. Some went through formation with the men and yearn for more.
Each couple, Barb Anderson says, needs to come up with its own solutions. At the same time, a community of deacons and wives is essential for sharing good ideas and giving support.
'It is relaxing to be around people who understand exactly what you're going through,' she says.
Deacons whose main job is not in the church grapple with conflicts between belief and work.
Anderson has written a book about being a Catholic faculty member of a secular college - Teaching as Believing: Faith in the University.
While always open with students about his role as a deacon, he honestly explores his pre-existing positions and the ways they effect his view of the world. Most students are new to what a deacon is, until they meet their professor.
Anderson and other deacons say they feel supported not only by parishioners and the forming deacon community, but in general by priests and bishops. In addition to requesting Saturday's informal meeting at The Grotto, Archbishop Vlazny led a recent retreat for deacons. Auxiliary Bishop Kenneth Steiner has also been a strong backer. Anderson says he is grateful for his pastor, Conventual Franciscan Father John Henderson.
Deacons are included in clergy conferences and are listed alongside priests in the Oregon Catholic Directory.
During the gathering at The Grotto, Archbishop Vlazny thanked the couples for their service and reminded them that they are called to be 'heralds of faith' by living out the Gospel publicly.
'It's your ministry of charity that will speak most loudly,' the archbishop said during a Mass, shortly before sitting down to supper with the group.
Deacons Del DeSart and Brett Edmonson, ordained in November, have felt a warm welcome from the deacon community.
De Sart says that when he wants advice about a homily, for example, he always gets what he needs. The two men and their wives mingle freely with the veteran couples.
Deacon Owen Cummings, a professor at Mount Angel Seminary, has published articles and books about the diaconate. He's been ordained for 17 years.
While the community of deacons differs from that of priests or religious, it is not worse, Cummings contends.
'There is a genuine desire to be mutually supportive,' he says.
That support comes mainly in two areas - theology and family life. Deacons, aware that they have not had the intense theological training priests go through, are great exchangers of information. As for marriage, the men know how hard ministry can be and keep an eye out for deacon couples in trouble.


text:
WATCH: 'Porch pirate' caught on video dressed as Amazon employee
by: Ben Dennis and Nexstar Media Wire
RICHMOND, Va (WRIC) — A "porch pirate" dressed as an Amazon delivery driver was caught on camera stealing packages from a home in Virginia, police said.
Three packages were nabbed Tuesday morning from the front stoop of a Richmond home.
Richmond Police issue warning against porch pirates as package thefts rise
Shortly before 11 a.m., according to the time stamp on the surveillance video, a person walked up a stone footpath and dropped off a package before taking three unattended boxes. Then the person slowly walked away to a waiting blue four-door sedan.
The person appears to place the boxes on a back seat before sitting in the front passenger seat. An arrow can be seen on the shoulder area of the person walking away similar to those seen on Amazon delivery vans and driver uniforms.
There was no van in sight.
Leah Seay, a communications representative for Amazon, said the thief is not a driver or associate for Amazon. Seay confirmed that there were no Amazon drivers in the area during the time of the theft.
Amazon is working with the Richmond Police Department to investigate the incident.
"Obviously it's a shame. I'm sure it's happened more and more often," said Andrew Breton, who lives nearby. "I'm sorry to hear that it's happened to other people. I also can imagine there's a lot of people in more desperate straits than usual, just given the state of the economy these days. So I'm also not surprised that people might be resorting to stealing packages."
The initial package drop-off from Amazon happened shortly after 6 p.m. Monday, according to the home's Ring video.
The Amazon delivery driver took a photo, which the company says drivers may do when packages are left unattended to provide proof that the items arrived. The delivery driver then walks back to the Amazon van across the street.
The homeowner, who did not wish to be identified, said the package dropped off at his house by the porch pirate was addressed to another Richmond home, and someone who ended up with one of his packages returned it.
He said he believes the thief may be discarding packages they don't want at homes where they're looking to steal more.
Walmart announces Cyber Monday 2020 deals
Richmond police are asking people to consider picking up packages at work, a family member's house, a distribution center or to request a signature upon delivery.
Washington DC / 31 mins ago
Great State / 46 mins ago
by Jacklyn Chappell / Jan 20, 2021
OKLAHOMA CITY (KFOR) - Big news for Oklahoma City utilities customers: the city is resuming water disconnections after almost a year of leniency due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
"I know people that are hundreds of dollars behind," said Oklahoma City resident Angie Steedman. "It's not good to not give us enough notice. It's not good."
Concerns about COVID-19 vaccine in the African American community have historical roots
Gov. Stitt activates National Guard, OHP presence heightens at State Capitol & pro-gun group tells Trump supporters stay away


text:
John McCann ( - ) est un homme politique britannique, qui est député travailliste de Rochdale.

Biographie
McCann fait ses études à l'école élémentaire, puis dans les classes du Conseil national des collèges ouvriers et de l'Association d'éducation ouvrière. Il devient ingénieur et monteur de moteurs diesel et sert dans la Home Guard pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il est élu conseiller du conseil municipal d'Eccles en 1945 et est chef du groupe travailliste. Il est conseiller municipal à Eccles de 1952 et maire de 1955 à 1956. Il est président du comité de gestion de l'hôpital West Manchester.

McCann se présente à Rochdale en 1955 sans succès. Il est élu pour la première fois lors d'une élection partielle de 1958 après la mort du député conservateur Wentworth Schofield. Il devient whip de l'opposition en 1961 et, en 1964, est nommé au bureau des whips du gouvernement en tant que Lord Commissaire du Trésor, puis en 1966 en tant que Vice-chambellan de la Maison, redevenant Lord du Trésor de 1967 à 1969. Il conserve son siège jusqu'à sa mort en 1972. Lors de l'élection partielle qui suit en 1972, il est remplacé comme député par le candidat libéral Cyril Smith, qui a auparavant été maire travailliste de la ville.

Références

Liens externes

Député du 45e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 44e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 43e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 42e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 41e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du Parti travailliste (Royaume-Uni)
Décès en juillet 1972
Naissance en décembre 1910
Décès à 61 ans


text:
Q: Can't generate sine wave using DAC and DMA on STM32 I have problem generating sine wave with my STM32F303K8 nucleo board. In my opinion, everything is configured as it should be, but I can see gnd on the oscilliscope, so it is not working. Maybe anybody has an idea why?
Heres the code:
#include "stm32f30x.h"
#include <stdio.h>

#define DAC_DHR12R2_ADDRESS      0x40007414

const uint16_t Sine12bit[32] = {
    2047, 2447, 2831, 3185, 3498, 3750, 3939, 4056, 4095, 4056,
    3939, 3750, 3495, 3185, 2831, 2447, 2047, 1647, 1263,  909,
     599,  344,  155,   38,    0,   38,  155,  344,  599,  909,
     263, 1647};

DAC_InitTypeDef             DAC_InitStructure;
DMA_InitTypeDef             DMA_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitTypeDef            GPIO_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef     TIM_TimeBaseStructure;

static void DMA_setup(void){
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = DAC_DHR12R2_ADDRESS;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&Sine12bit;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = 32;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_HalfWord;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_HalfWord;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel1, &DMA_InitStructure);
    DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel1, ENABLE);
    DAC_DMACmd(DAC1, DAC_Channel_1, ENABLE);
}

static void DAC_setup(void){
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_DAC, ENABLE);
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_GPIOA, ENABLE);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =  GPIO_Pin_4;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AN;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    DAC_InitStructure.DAC_Trigger = DAC_Trigger_T6_TRGO;
    DAC_InitStructure.DAC_WaveGeneration = DAC_WaveGeneration_None;
    DAC_InitStructure.DAC_Buffer_Switch = DAC_BufferSwitch_Disable;
    DAC_Init(DAC1, DAC_Channel_1, &DAC_InitStructure);
}

static void TIMER_setup(void){
  RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM6, ENABLE);

  TIM_TimeBaseStructInit(&TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = 100;
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 0;
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0;
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
  TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM6, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);

  TIM_SelectOutputTrigger(TIM6, TIM_TRGOSource_Update);
  TIM_Cmd(TIM6, ENABLE);
}

int main(void){
    TIMER_setup();
    DAC_setup();
    DMA_setup();
    DAC_Cmd(DAC1, DAC_Channel_1, ENABLE);
}

A: Your program does only some settings, still missing the "working" part - that would be a timer interrupt and inside the interrupt a single value from Sin12 array to be sent to the DAC, not matter how. Start first without DMA and when OK you may improve it by changing to DMA support.


text:
Q: Who is the father(or mother) of the linear least squares analysis as we know it? Background:
The least-squared error fit has been around for some time.
Laplace, P. S. "Des méthodes analytiques du Calcul des Probabilités." Ch. 4 in Théorie analytique des probabilités, Livre 2, 3rd ed. Paris: Courcier, 1820.
Gauss, C. F. "Theoria combinationis obsevationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae." Werke, Vol. 4. Göttingen, Germany: p. 1, 1823.
Wikipedia attributes Gauss and Legendre for it.  (link)
Many software tools perform basic linear fits with analysis of quality of fit.  (JMP, R 'lm', ...)
There is a 200 year span between 2020 and 1820.  Somewhere in there the details were added.
Question:
Who is the effective "father" (or mother) of the analysis as we know it?
There has to be someone "back in day" who made the "first" that is ~80% (or more) like what this foundational analysis method?
Can you give a reference to this "first work"?

A: I highly recommend Prof. Stephen Stigler's A History of Statistics: Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900. Chapter 1 discusses your question in depth. (A link is available here.)
Legendre first developed the method of least squares and derived the normal equations in 1805 as a way to solve an overdetermined system of linear equations.
Quoting Stigler, "For stark clarity of exposition the presentation [of Legendre] is unsurpassed; it must be counted as one of the clearest and most elegant introductions of a new statistical method in the history of statistics."
The context of ordinary least squares
A fascinating point is that development of least squares came before the discovery of the normal distribution and modern justifications for the use of least squares.
Least squares was developed as a way of combining multiple, imperfect astronomical observations to recover underlying parameters governing the movements of heavenly bodies.
Each astronomical observation defines a linear equation, and with more observations than parameters, the astronomers of the time were faced with an inconsistent system. What to do? Mayer developed a method where observations were separated into $k$ groups, the equations in each group were averaged together, and then the underlying system could be solved (Stigler 1990). Legendre instead proposed introducing an error term and minimizing the sum of squared error.
References
Stigler, Stephen, A History of Statistics: Measurement of Uncertainty Before 1900, 1990. Belknap Press


text:
Det Røde Vandtårn eller Haderslev Vandtårn er et vandtårn, der ikke længere bliver brugt som vandtårn, beliggende i Haderslev. Det er blevet et vartegn for byen og er symbol for blandt andet Kløften Festival.

Det er på det seneste blevet restaureret med blandt andet installering af toilet og køkken, så det nu kan huse forskellige udstillinger og andre arrangementer. Blandt andet lavede Per Vers et show i tårnet i april 2009.

Historie

Da den nordlige del af Haderslev i begyndelsen af 1920'erne skulle udvides, blev leveringen af et tilstrækkeligt vandtryk, der i forvejen var et problem, til et centralt emne, hvorfor man besluttede at lade et vandtårn opføre. I beslutningsprocessen var der dog en del kontrovers, omkring hvor tårnet skulle placeres, men byrådet vedtog med 8 stemmer mod 7 at det skulle stå på Marielystvej. 164.000 kroner blev bevilliget til bygningsværket.

I forbindelse med decemberorkanen i 1999 tog taget skade, hvorfor hele tagkonstruktionen måtte hejses ned og repareres. I 2003 solgte Haderslev Kommune tårnet til den selvejende institution Det røde vandtårn for et symbolsk beløb, hvorefter der kom gang i ideerne, og det blev blandt andet muligt at leje sig ind i tårnet til en privat fest med maksimalt 40 gæster.

Arkitektur
Vandtårnet er cylinderformet båret af 12 betonsøjler og opført i røde mursten dækket af et kegleformet kobbertag. Øverst prydes det af en vindfløj. En trappe fører op til indgangspartiet. Bygningen af tegnet af arkitekten Peder Gram.

Vandtårnet er udsmykket med et lysende pentagram på den vestlige side, og på den østlige side.

Se også
 Langkær Vandtårn
 Det Hvide Vandtårn (Haderslev)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Det røde Vandtårn - Haderslevwiki

Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Haderslev
Vandtårne i Region Syddanmark