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The impact of child psychiatric conditions on future educational outcomes among a community cohort in Brazil
Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann, David McDaid, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Wagner Silva-Ribeiro, Carolina Ziebold, Derek King, Ary Gadelha, Eurípedes Constantino Miguel, Jair de Jesus Mari, Luis Augusto Rohde, Pedro Mario Pan, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Ramin Mojtabai, Sara Evans-Lacko
Journal: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 30 / 2021
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 October 2021, e69
Print publication: 2021
Mental health problems early in life can negatively impact educational attainment, which in turn have negative long-term effects on health, social and economic opportunities. Our aims were to: (i) estimate the impacts of different types of psychiatric conditions on educational outcomes and (ii) to estimate the proportion of adverse educational outcomes which can be attributed to psychiatric conditions.
Participants (N = 2511) were from a school-based community cohort of Brazilian children and adolescents aged 6–14 years enriched for high family risk of psychiatric conditions. We examined the impact of fear- (panic, separation and social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, agoraphobia and anxiety conditions not otherwise specified), distress- (generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and depressive disorder not otherwise specified, bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, tic, eating and post-traumatic stress disorder) and externalising-related conditions (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, conduct and oppositional-defiant conditions) on grade repetition, dropout, age-grade distortion, literacy performance and bullying perpetration, 3 years later. Psychiatric conditions were ascertained by psychiatrists, using the Development and Well-Being Behaviour Assessment. Propensity score and inverse probability weighting were used to adjust for potential confounders, including comorbidity, and sample attrition. We calculated the population attributable risk percentages to estimate the proportion of adverse educational outcomes in the population which could be attributed to psychiatric conditions. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females.
Fear and distress conditions in males were associated with school dropout (odds ratio (OR) = 2.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06, 7.22; p < 0.05) and grade repetition (OR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.32, 5.78; p < 0.01), respectively. Externalising conditions were associated with grade repetition in males (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.64; p < 0.05) and females (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.58; p < 0.05), as well as age-grade distortion in males (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.62; p < 0.05) and females (OR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.61, 5.14; p < 0.001). Externalising conditions were also associated with lower literacy levels (β = −0.23; 95% CI = −0.34, −0.12; p < 0.001) and bullying perpetration (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.50, 6.51; p < 0.001) in females. If all externalising conditions were prevented or treated, we estimate that 5.0 and 4.8% of grade repetition would not have occurred in females and males, respectively, as well as 10.2 (females) and 5.3% (males) of age-grade distortion cases and 11.4% of female bullying perpetration.
The study provides evidence of the negative impact of psychiatric conditions on educational outcomes in a large Brazilian cohort. Externalising conditions had the broadest and most robust negative impacts on education and these were particularly harmful to females which are likely to limit future socio-economic opportunities.
Relationship between jumping to conclusions and clinical outcomes in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Ana Catalan, Stefania Tognin, Matthew J. Kempton, Daniel Stahl, Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo, Barnaby Nelson, Christos Pantelis, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Rodrigo Bressan, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Marie-Odile Krebs, Merete Nordentoft, Stephan Ruhrmann, Gabriele Sachs, Bart P. F. Rutten, Jim van Os, Lieuwe de Haan, Mark van der Gaag, EU-GEI High Risk Study, Lucia R. Valmaggia, Philip McGuire
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 October 2020, pp. 1-9
Psychosis is associated with a reasoning bias, which manifests as a tendency to 'jump to conclusions'. We examined this bias in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) and investigated its relationship with their clinical outcomes.
In total, 303 CHR subjects and 57 healthy controls (HC) were included. Both groups were assessed at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years. A 'beads' task was used to assess reasoning bias. Symptoms and level of functioning were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States scale (CAARMS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), respectively. During follow up, 58 (16.1%) of the CHR group developed psychosis (CHR-T), and 245 did not (CHR-NT). Logistic regressions, multilevel mixed models, and Cox regression were used to analyse the relationship between reasoning bias and transition to psychosis and level of functioning, at each time point.
There was no association between reasoning bias at baseline and the subsequent onset of psychosis. However, when assessed after the transition to psychosis, CHR-T participants showed a greater tendency to jump to conclusions than CHR-NT and HC participants (55, 17, 17%; χ2 = 8.13, p = 0.012). There was a significant association between jumping to conclusions (JTC) at baseline and a reduced level of functioning at 2-year follow-up in the CHR group after adjusting for transition, gender, ethnicity, age, and IQ.
In CHR participants, JTC at baseline was associated with adverse functioning at the follow-up. Interventions designed to improve JTC could be beneficial in the CHR population.
Is treatment-resistant schizophrenia associated with distinct neurobiological callosal connectivity abnormalities?
Idaiane Batista Assunção-Leme, André Zugman, Luciana Monteiro de Moura, João Ricardo Sato, Cinthia Higuchi, Bruno Bertolucci Ortiz, Cristiano Noto, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, Sintia Iole Belangero, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Nicolas A. Crossley, Andrea P. Jackowski, Ary Gadelha
Journal: CNS Spectrums / Volume 26 / Issue 5 / October 2021
Print publication: October 2021
Resistance to antipsychotic treatment affects up to 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Although the time course of development of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) varies from patient to patient, the reasons for these variations remain unknown. Growing evidence suggests brain dysconnectivity as a significant feature of schizophrenia. In this study, we compared fractional anisotropy (FA) of brain white matter between TRS and non–treatment-resistant schizophrenia (non-TRS) patients. Our central hypothesis was that TRS is associated with reduced FA values.
TRS was defined as the persistence of moderate to severe symptoms after adequate treatment with at least two antipsychotics from different classes. Diffusion-tensor brain MRI obtained images from 34 TRS participants and 51 non-TRS. Whole-brain analysis of FA and axial, radial, and mean diffusivity were performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and FMRIB's Software Library (FSL), yielding a contrast between TRS and non-TRS patients, corrected for multiple comparisons using family-wise error (FWE) < 0.05.
We found a significant reduction in FA in the splenium of corpus callosum (CC) in TRS when compared to non-TRS. The antipsychotic dose did not relate to the splenium CC.
Our results suggest that the focal abnormality of CC may be a potential biomarker of TRS.
Sex differences in cognitive functioning of patients at-risk for psychosis and healthy controls: Results from the European Gene–Environment Interactions study
Stephanie Menghini-Müller, Erich Studerus, Sarah Ittig, Lucia R. Valmaggia, Matthew J. Kempton, Mark van der Gaag, Lieuwe de Haan, Barnaby Nelson, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Célia Jantac, Merete Nordentoft, Stephan Ruhrmann, Garbiele Sachs, Bart P. Rutten, Jim van Os, Anita Riecher-Rössler, the EU-GEI High Risk Study Group
Journal: European Psychiatry / Volume 63 / Issue 1 / 2020
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 March 2020, e25
Sex differences in cognitive functioning have long been recognized in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (HC). However, few studies have focused on patients with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in neurocognitive performance in ARMS patients compared with HC.
Methods.
The data analyzed in this study were collected within the multicenter European Gene–Environment Interactions study (11 centers). A total of 343 ARMS patients (158 women) and 67 HC subjects (33 women) were included. All participants completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Linear mixed effects models were used to explore whether sex differences in cognitive functioning were present in the total group (main effect of sex) and whether sex differences were different for HC and ARMS (interaction between sex and group).
Women performed better in social cognition, speed of processing, and verbal learning than men regardless of whether they were ARMS or HC. However, only differences in speed of processing and verbal learning remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Additionally, ARMS patients displayed alterations in attention, current IQ, speed of processing, verbal learning, and working memory compared with HC.
Conclusions.
Findings indicate that sex differences in cognitive functioning in ARMS are similar to those seen between healthy men and women. Thus, it appears that sex differences in cognitive performance may not be specific for ARMS, a finding resembling that in patients with schizophrenic psychoses.
Are serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations related to brain structure and psychopathology in late childhood and early adolescence?
Celia Maria de Araujo, Walter Swardfager, Andre Zugman, Hugo Cogo-Moreira, Sintia I. Belangero, Vanessa K. Ota, Leticia M. Spindola, Hakon Hakonarson, Renata Pellegrino, Ary Gadelha, Giovanni A. Salum, Pedro M. Pan, Rodrigo B. Mansur, Marcelo Hoexter, Felipe Picon, João R. Sato, Elisa Brietzke, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Luis A. P. Rohde, Euripedes C. Miguel, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Andrea P. Jackowski
Journal: CNS Spectrums / Volume 25 / Issue 6 / December 2020
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 December 2019, pp. 790-796
Print publication: December 2020
Mental disorders can have a major impact on brain development. Peripheral blood concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are lower in adult psychiatric disorders. Serum BDNF concentrations and BDNF genotype have been associated with cortical maturation in children and adolescents. In 2 large independent samples, this study tests associations between serum BDNF concentrations, brain structure, and psychopathology, and the effects of BDNF genotype on BDNF serum concentrations in late childhood and early adolescence.
Children and adolescents (7-14 years old) from 2 cities (n = 267 in Porto Alegre; n = 273 in São Paulo) were evaluated as part of the Brazilian high-risk cohort (HRC) study. Serum BDNF concentrations were quantified by sandwich ELISA. Genotyping was conducted from blood or saliva samples using the SNParray Infinium HumanCore Array BeadChip. Subcortical volumes and cortical thickness were quantified using FreeSurfer. The Development and Well-Being Behavior Assessment was used to identify the presence of a psychiatric disorder.
Serum BDNF concentrations were not associated with subcortical volumes or with cortical thickness. Serum BDNF concentration did not differ between participants with and without mental disorders, or between Val homozygotes and Met carriers.
No evidence was found to support serum BDNF concentrations as a useful marker of developmental differences in brain and behavior in early life. Negative findings were replicated in 2 of the largest independent samples investigated to date.
The association between psychotic experiences and traumatic life events: the role of the intention to harm
Tais Silveira Moriyama, Marjan Drukker, Ary Gadelha, Pedro Mario Pan, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Gisele Gus Manfro, Jair de Jesus Mari, Eurípedes Constantino Miguel, Luis Augusto Rohde, Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk, Jim van Os, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
Journal: Psychological Medicine / Volume 48 / Issue 13 / October 2018
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 January 2018, pp. 2235-2246
Previous work showed traumatic life events (TLE) with intention to harm, like bullying and abuse, to be more strongly associated with psychotic experiences (PE) than other types of trauma, like accidents. However, this association is subject to reporting bias and can be confounded by demographic characteristics and by differences in dose of exposure across different trauma categories. We studied the association between TLE with and without intention to harm and PE, taking into account potential confounders and biases.
A total of 2245 children and adolescents aged 6–14 years were interviewed by psychologists. The interview included the presence of 20 PE (both self-report and psychologist evaluation). In addition, parents provided information on child exposure to trauma, mental health and PE.
Results showed no significant association between TLE without intention to harm only and PE for the three methods of assessment of PE (self-report, parent report and psychologist rating). On the other hand, there was a positive association between PE and TLE in groups exposed to traumatic experiences with intention to harm (with intention to harm only and with and without intention to harm). Results remained significant after controlling for demographic and clinical confounders, but this positive association was no longer significant after adjusting for the number of TLE.
TLE with intention to harm display a stronger association with PE than TLE without intention to harm, and this difference is likely reducible to a greater level of traumatic exposure associated with TLE with intention to harm.
Hope or hype in the treatment of schizophrenia – what's the role of the physician?
Rodrigo A. Bressan, Geder E. M. Grohs, Gabriela Matos, Sukhi Shergill
Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 212 / Issue 1 / January 2018
According to the experience of people with schizophrenia, their psychiatrists' attitude towards the outcome of their illness is lacking in hope, which directly affects mutual faith in treatment. Here we discuss the scientific basis of hope and show its instrumental role in optimising the best treatment strategies for schizophrenia.
Declaration of interest
R.A.B has received honoraria for educational input and non-financial support from Ache; honoraria for educational input from Lundbeck; grants, honoraria for educational input and non-financial support from Janssen; all outside the submitted work. G.E.M.G. has received honoraria for educational input and non-financial support from Janssen outside the submitted work. G.M. reports support from Janssen-Cilag, outside the submitted work, and is an employee at Janssen-Cilag. S.S. has received grants and honoraria for educational input from EnVivo Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, AbbVie and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work.
Peripheral levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in youths in ultra-high risk for psychosis: a pilot study
Maiara Zeni-Graiff, Adiel C. Rios, Pawan K. Maurya, Lucas B. Rizzo, Sumit Sethi, Ana S. Yamagata, Rodrigo B. Mansur, Pedro M. Pan, Elson Asevedo, Graccielle R. Cunha, André Zugman, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Ary Gadelha, Elisa Brietzke
Journal: CNS Spectrums / Volume 24 / Issue 3 / June 2019
Print publication: June 2019
Oxidative stress has been documented in chronic schizophrenia and in the first episode of psychosis, but there are very little data on oxidative stress prior to the disease onset.
This work aimed to compare serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in young individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis with a comparison healthy control group (HC).
Thirteen UHR subjects and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Clinical assessment included the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I) or the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Activities of SOD and GPx were measured in serum by the spectrophotometric method using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
After adjusting for age and years of education, there was a significant lower activity of SOD and lower GPX activity in the UHR group compared to the healthy control group (rate ratio [RR]=0.330, 95% CI 0.187; 0.584, p<0.001 and RR=0.509, 95% CI 0.323; 0.803, p=0.004, respectively). There were also positive correlations between GAF functioning scores and GPx and SOD activities.
Our results suggest that oxidative imbalances could be present prior to the onset of full-blown psychosis, including in at-risk stages. Future studies should replicate and expand these results.
Chapter 3 - The "Cool Mind" Program ("Programa Cuca Legal")
By Gustavo M. Estanislau, Marlene A. Vieira, Taís S. Moriyama, Ary G. Araripe Neto, Isabel A. S. Bordin, Rodrigo A. Bressan
Edited by Stan Kutcher, Yifeng Wei, Mark D. Weist, University of South Carolina
Book: School Mental Health
Published online: 05 May 2015
Print publication: 05 May 2015, pp 21-29
Is there an association between cortical thickness, age of onset, and duration of illness in schizophrenia?
Idaiane Batista Assunção Leme, Ary Gadelha, João Ricardo Sato, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, Jair de Jesus Mari, Maria Isabel Melaragno, Marilia de Arruda Cardoso Smith, Sintia Iole Nogueira Belangero, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Andrea Parolin Jackowski
Several studies have shown cortical volume loss in frontotemporal regions in schizophrenia patients, and it is known that these reductions may be associated with disease symptoms and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate possible cortical thickness correlations in frontotemporal regions in relation to age at onset and duration of illness.
One hundred forty-eight schizophrenia patients (97 males; age and SD 36.30 ± 10.06) and 87 (57 males; age and SD 36.48 ± 10.10) age-matched healthy subjects underwent a brain MRI scan. Cortical segmentation and surface statistical analysis were performed using the FreeSurfer software package. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Monte Carlo method considering a cluster-corrected Type I Error of 5%.
Compared to controls, schizophrenia patients presented significant cortical thinning in the frontotemporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. No correlation between prefrontal cortex thickness and duration of illness in patients with schizophrenia or between frontotemporal cortical thickness and age at onset was found. However, a significant interaction between age and diagnosis was observed on frontal cortical thickness with patients presenting a thinner cortex than expected for age.
Although there was no correlation between age of onset and duration of illness with brain volume, our findings suggest that there is an accelerated cortical loss in schizophrenia, thus reinforcing the progressive processes of the disease.
Cannabis use before age 15 and subsequent executive functioning
Maria Alice Fontes, Karen I. Bolla, Paulo Jannuzzi Cunha, Priscila Previato Almeida, Flávia Jungerman, Ronaldo Ramos Laranjeira, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Acioly L. T. Lacerda
Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 198 / Issue 6 / June 2011
Many studies have suggested that adolescence is a period of particular vulnerability to neurocognitive effects associated with substance misuse. However, few large studies have measured differences in cognitive performance between chronic cannabis users who started in early adolescence (before age 15) with those who started later.
To examine the executive functioning of individuals who started chronic cannabis use before age 15 compared with those who started chronic cannabis use after 15 and controls.
We evaluated the performance of 104 chronic cannabis users (49 early-onset users and 55 late-onset users) and 44 controls who undertook neuropsychological tasks, with a focus on executive functioning. Comparisons involving neuropsychological measures were performed using generalised linear model analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The early-onset group showed significantly poorer performance compared with the controls and the late-onset group on tasks assessing sustained attention, impulse control and executive functioning.
Early-onset chronic cannabis users exhibited poorer cognitive performance than controls and late-onset users in executive functioning. Chronic cannabis use, when started before age 15, may have more deleterious effects on neurocognitive functioning.
Letter to the Editor: Adiposity as a possible mediator of low testosterone salivary levels in adolescent boys in prodromal stages of psychosis
ELISA BRIETZKE, RODRIGO A. BRESSAN
Journal: Psychological Medicine / Volume 41 / Issue 9 / September 2011
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 May 2011, pp. 2010-2012
Print publication: September 2011
Processing Speed and Working Memory Span: Their Differential Role in Superficial and Deep Memory Processes in Schizophrenia
Gildas Brébion, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Lyn S. Pilowsky, Anthony S. David
Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 17 / Issue 3 / May 2011
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 March 2011, pp. 485-493
Print publication: May 2011
Previous work has suggested that decrement in both processing speed and working memory span plays a role in the memory impairment observed in patients with schizophrenia. We undertook a study to examine simultaneously the effect of these two factors. A sample of 49 patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls underwent a battery of verbal and visual memory tasks. Superficial and deep encoding memory measures were tallied. We conducted regression analyses on the various memory measures, using processing speed and working memory span as independent variables. In the patient group, processing speed was a significant predictor of superficial and deep memory measures in verbal and visual memory. Working memory span was an additional significant predictor of the deep memory measures only. Regression analyses involving all participants revealed that the effect of diagnosis on all the deep encoding memory measures was reduced to non-significance when processing speed was entered in the regression. Decreased processing speed is involved in verbal and visual memory deficit in patients, whether the task require superficial or deep encoding. Working memory is involved only insofar as the task requires a certain amount of effort. (JINS, 2011, 17, 485–493)
Production of atypical category exemplars in patients with schizophrenia
GILDAS BRÉBION, RODRIGO A. BRESSAN, RUTH I. OHLSEN, LYN S. PILOWSKY, ANTHONY S. DAVID
Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 16 / Issue 5 / September 2010
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 July 2010, pp. 822-828
Previous studies have revealed semantic memory impairments in patients with schizophrenia, and suggested that certain of these impairments were related to thought disorganization. One explanation offered for this is a broadening of the boundaries of semantic categories in schizophrenia. We selected 16 semantic categories, and required a sample of 41 schizophrenia patients and 43 healthy control subjects to produce one exemplar from each category. The typicality of the subjects' responses was rated. The exemplars produced by the patients were on average less typical than those produced by the healthy controls. No significant association between typicality of the response and thought disorganization was revealed in the patient sample. Affective flattening, alogia, and anhedonia were significantly and inversely associated with the typicality score, that is, higher ratings of these symptoms were associated with more typical responses. Our results suggest that a broadening of semantic category boundaries is observed in patients with schizophrenia, but is unrelated to thought disorganization. This semantic abnormality is not a feature of the patients with high ratings of certain negative symptoms. (JINS, 2010, 16, 822–828.)
Role of processing speed and depressed mood on encoding, storage, and retrieval memory functions in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia
GILDAS BRÉBION, ANTHONY S. DAVID, RODRIGO A. BRESSAN, LYN S. PILOWSKY
Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 13 / Issue 1 / January 2007
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 December 2006, pp. 99-107
The role of various types of slowing of processing speed, as well as the role of depressed mood, on each stage of verbal memory functioning in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was investigated. Mixed lists of high- and low-frequency words were presented, and immediate and delayed free recall and recognition were required. Two levels of encoding were studied by contrasting the relatively automatic encoding of the high-frequency words and the more effortful encoding of the low-frequency words. Storage was studied by contrasting immediate and delayed recall. Retrieval was studied by contrasting free recall and recognition. Three tests of motor and cognitive processing speed were administered as well. Regression analyses involving the three processing speed measures revealed that cognitive speed was the only predictor of the recall and recognition of the low-frequency words. Furthermore, slowing in cognitive speed accounted for the deficit in recall and recognition of the low-frequency words relative to a healthy control group. Depressed mood was significantly associated with recognition of the low-frequency words. Neither processing speed nor depressed mood was associated with storage efficiency. It is concluded that both cognitive speed slowing and depressed mood impact on effortful encoding processes. (JINS, 2007, 13, 99–107.)


"Death is real / Someone's there and then they're not / And it's not for singing about / It's not for making into art," Phil Elverum gently coos into a mic that is situated in the room where his wife died on July 9, 2016. The instruments being used belonged to her, the accordion is a Castrée heirloom. In the next room, Elverum's daughter slept, oblivious to her father's nightly breakdowns and cries into the material remnants left behind. A Crow Looked At Me is not an album for us. It is an album for Geneviève Castrée, handed to . . . somewhere, by a husband looking for answers.
Elverum has performed under the guise of The Microphones, and here as Mount Eerie. He's an indie-rock hero, an inspiration for many artists in the late 2000s but that doesn't seem to matter anymore. On A Crow Looked At Me, the public persona is absent, and only the private, small-town life which Elverum has tried to hide is present: The packages Geneviève ordered, the conversations with his daughter, even the little fixer-upper the couple had bought to further seclude themselves is mentioned.
The album is a chronological account of grieving, starting with "Seaweed" taking place 11 days after the death, until 4 months prior on the final track "Crow". In that time, there are no signs of the 7 stages of grief or even healing, only concrete statements stacked on top of another.
Understandably, much of A Crow Looked At Me involves the singer struggling to contextualize the potential bond between the physical world and whatever else might exist. "I can't remember, were you into Canada geese? / Is it significant / These hundreds on the beach? / Or were they just hungry / For mid-migration seaweed?," he questions on "Seaweed." These ideas linger on in the form of the burning of the past by the annual forest fires, the ominous trails left by ravens and a barricade stopping Elverum and his daughter from continuing on a hiking trail. But these ideas seem to be nothing more than the grasping at straws, and Elverum doesn't seem to care because, in a way, they're as real as whatever he understands death to be.
As in past Mount Eerie releases, the instrumentation here is sparse, leaving the air open for the long-winded, almost spoken word-like lyrics. The guitar will barely hover in the mix, and the accordion asks only to be heard. In the rare occasion of a piano strike, it bellows and hangs in the barren space for several beats. Thus is the case with "Swims," where the gentle keys echo as Elverum croons lengthy lines: "'Today our daughter asked me if mama swims' / I told her, 'Yes, she does / And that's probably all she does now.'/ What was you is now borne across waves evaporating'." After a few minutes of these gentle lyrics being handed over, it starts to feel as if the listener is involved in a one-way conversation, a protracted venting session where the speaker wants nothing more than to be listened to.
Throughout the journey of this album, Elverum repeatedly refers to his wife as "you" so much so that it becomes no question as to who the pronoun is suggesting. But on the final track, "Crow," the "you" as Geneviève is subtly switched to represent Elverum's daughter. It's the tiniest light in the album, and perhaps the only one; a change in perspective; a step back from the summer of 2016 and a look into a future as frightening as death; a new beginning.


(1) The Supreme Lord said: 'One who is not taking to the fruits and does his work dutifully is of the renounced order and a yogi, but not he who is without [sacrifice to] the fire and does not do his duty. (2) Know that what is called sannyâs [the renounced order] is what links one to the Supreme, oh son of Pându; surely never will anyone become [such] a transcendentalist who does not give up the selfish motive. (3) Of the sage who has just begun one says it is by means of work that one links up while of the ones who attained it, it is said that it is surely the sameness that is the means of yoga. (4) When surely he is never for the good of the senses engaged in the necessary fruitive labor, at that time he is a renouncer of selfhood elevated in yoga, one says. (5) One must free oneself by mindfulness and never put oneself down, as surely that selfinterest is indeed as well the friend of the soul as the self its enemy. (6) The mindful is the best friend of that living soul who by himself conquered himself, but to those who are soulless the same mindfulness stays as an enemy. (7) Those who conquered mindfully and thus attained peace have reached the Supersoul its sameness in cold and heat, happiness and distress as well as honor and dishonor. (8) The soul satisfied by knowledge and wisdom is in the spiritual and in the control over his senses united, and thus one says, the yogi is indifferent about a clod of dirt, a stone or gold. (9) And to have an equal intelligence towards well-wishers, friends and enemies, neutrals and arbiters, hating ones and good-willing relatives as well as to the pious as the sinners, is [even] more advanced.
(10) The spiritual person [or yogi] must always remember himself being alone in a secluded position, in controlled consciousness, without distraction and concerns about possessions. (11-12) At a sanctified spot he should put a seat not too high nor too low, covering a filling ['kus'a grass'] with soft cloth ['deerskin'] and then clear his busy mind to be one-pointed of heart with his senses and activities in assuming postures of yoga. (13-14) Keeping the body, head and neck straight, not moving, he should gaze at the tip of his nose without looking elsewhere. With a calm self, without fear and loyal to the celibate, the one connecting should sit to subdue the mind concentrating on Me as the ultimate goal. (15) Constantly practicing the soulfulness as mentioned, the meditator with a regulated mind attains the peace and heavenly abode of spiritual union. (16) But nor is there yoga eating too much or fasting excessively, and also not with one who sleeps too much, or with one who stays awake, oh Arjuna. (17) With the regulation of eating and recreating, the duties of maintenance and sleep and wakefulness, the yoga practice will put an end to the misery. (18) When disciplined this way consciousness for sure has become situated in transcendence without hankering after sense-gratification, then one is thus said to be united [or employed]. (19) The comparison to a lamp out of the wind that is not wavering is what one is reminded of with a yogi whose balanced consciousness is connected in constantly being engaged in the soul. (20-23) In that state wherein consciousness stills by doing yoga, the self, that realizes its position in the mindfulness of the soul, becomes satisfied. The supreme happiness, of which one knows that by intelligence it can be accessed in the transcendence, will surely him who is situated in it never remove from the truth. And anything else which by the attainment is also gained is never considered to be more than that, as in that position no miseries, however difficult they are, can put one out of balance. Know that the miseries resulting from contacting matter dissolve in this unification of yoga. (24) That yoga one must practice with firm determination without deviating in mental speculations that are born from lust; all this total forsaking by the mind is sure to be from the settling of the whole sensory apparatus in all respects.
The Supreme Lord said: 'One who is not taking to the fruits and does his work dutiful is of the renounced order and a yogi, but not he who is without [sacrifice to] the fire and does not do his duty.
Know that what is called sannyâs [the renounced order] is what links one to the Supreme, oh son of Pându; surely never will anyone become [such] a transcendentalist who does not give up the selfish motive.
Of the sage who has just begun one says it is by means of work that one links up while of the ones who attained it, it is said that it is surely the sameness that is the means of yoga.
The mindful is the best friend of that living soul who by himself conquered himself, but to those who are soulless the same mindfulness stays as an enemy.
Those who conquered mindfully and thus attained peace have reached the Supersoul its sameness in cold and heat, happiness and distress as well as honor and dishonor.
The soul satisfied by knowledge and wisdom is in the spiritual and united in the control over his senses and thus one says, the yogi is indifferent about a clod of dirt, a stone or gold.
And to have an equal intelligence towards well-wishers, friends and enemies, neutrals and arbiters, hating ones and good-willing relatives as well as to the pious as the sinners, is [even] more advanced.
The spiritual person [or yogi] must always remember himself being alone in a secluded position, in controlled consciousness, without distraction and concerns about possessions.
At a sanctified spot he should put a seat not too high nor too low, covering a filling ['kus'a grass'] with soft cloth ['deerskin'] and then clear his busy mind to be one-pointed of heart with his senses and activities in assuming postures of yoga.
Keeping the body, head and neck straight, not moving, he should gaze at the tip of his nose without looking elsewhere. With a calm self, without fear and loyal to the celibate, the one connecting should sit to subdue the mind concentrating on Me as the ultimate goal.
But nor is there yoga eating too much or fasting excessively, and also not with one who sleeps too much, or with one who stays awake, oh Arjuna.
With the regulation of eating and recreating, the duties of maintenance and sleep and wakefulness, the yoga practice will put an end to the misery.
When disciplined this way consciousness for sure has become situated in transcendence without hankering after sense-gratification, then one is thus said to be united [or employed].
The comparison to a lamp out of the wind that is not wavering is what one is reminded of with a yogi whose balanced consciousness is connected in constantly being engaged in the soul.
In that state wherein consciousness stills by doing yoga, the self, that realizes its position in the mindfulness of the soul, becomes satisfied. The supreme happiness, of which one knows that by intelligence it can be accessed in the transcendence, will surely him who is situated in it never remove from the truth. And anything else which by the attainment is also gained is never considered to be more than that, as in that position no miseries, however difficult they are, can put one out of balance. Know that the miseries resulting from contacting matter dissolve in this unification of yoga.
That yoga one must practice with firm determination without deviating in mental speculations that are born from lust; all this total forsaking by the mind is sure to be from the settling of the whole sensory apparatus in all respects.
Gradually step by step one should intelligently withdraw the mind by means of ones conviction, putting it to the transcendent, not even thinking of making it any other way.
From wherever the agitated mind flickering and unsteady wanders one must certainly bring it back under the control of the regulating self.
This yogi, whose mind is pacified, attains with his passions quieted the spiritual liberation of being freed from all reactions to sin.
Thus engaging the soul always the yogi is freed from sin in the transcendental joy of spiritual union and thus he attains never ending happiness.
The soul in all beings and all beings in the soul - that is how someone in the spiritual union of yoga sees everywhere with equal vision.
For whoever sees Me everywhere and sees everything in Me, I am not lost nor is he lost to Me.
He who is devoted to Me as situated in the heart of everyone dwells in oneness and whatever the circumstances of such a transcendentalist, he will always remain in Me.
Arjuna said: 'Of this system of yoga generally described by you, oh Madhusûdana, I do, because of my restlessness, not see its stablility in place.
The Supreme Lord said: 'Undoubtedly, oh mighty armed one, the restless mind is difficult to curb, but with persistence, oh son of Kuntî, and also by detachment it can be controlled.
Arjuna said: 'What is the destiny, oh Krishna, achieved by the one who fell from his belief and deviates from the path of yoga with such a mind failing the highest perfection?
Does such a one who lost both [belief and practice] not perish like a riven cloud without a hold, oh Mighty-armed One, confused on the path of transcendence as he is?
The Supreme Lord said: 'Oh son of Prithâ, there is never in this world nor in the next one destruction for the one who is engaged in doing good; surely no one who does good will ever end in trouble.
After achieving the worlds of those who performed piously and after dwelling there for many years, the one who fell from the path of yoga takes birth again in the house of those properous and pure, or he will for sure take birth in the family of experienced yoga-adepts, although such a birth is surely very rare in this world.
After that, he will revive consciousness gained from his previous embodiment and then again will strive for perfection, oh son of Kuru.
By that previous practice, he certainly of his own will be attracted and even be inquisitive about yoga and transcend the routines of rite and prayer.
Endeavoring methodically such a transcendentalist will, seeing all his sins washed off in achieving perfection through many many births, thereafter attain the highest destination [of self-realization].
A yogi is greater than the ascetics and the wise and also the yogi is considered greater than the ones working for profit; therefore oh Arjuna, become a yogi.


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2 MIN READ | Organisational Psychology
Research Shows 1 in 2 Business Owners Lose Sleep Due to Stress and Mental Health Worries
News Release, (2022, November 2). Research Shows 1 in 2 Business Owners Lose Sleep Due to Stress and Mental Health Worries. Psychreg on Organisational Psychology. https://www.psychreg.org/business-owners-lose-sleep-stress-mental-health-worries/
New research has revealed the state of mental health support in UK businesses, with most business leaders stating support isn't available for their employees or isn't utilised enough, despite admitting poor mental health impacts business performance.
The survey was conducted by GoProposal, and asked 750 small business owners in the UK, and discovered that over half of businesses (55%) either have no mental health support in place for their employees or have support processes that aren't used enough.
Business owners said the biggest barriers to employees talking about their mental health and stress included the fear of career implications (40%), a heavy workload (38%), the feeling that there is no one to talk to (32%), and even just long working hours (29%), highlighting a long list of obstacles preventing employees seeking support, despite being in need.
Almost half (46%) said they believed the biggest stressor impacting mental wellness in employees was the pressure of making mistakes that cost the business money, followed by over a quarter of people (28%) saying difficult conversations with clients cause the most stress.
Business owners believe that as a result of increased stress among employees, the biggest impacts are more mistakes and errors in the workplace (44%), lower morale and motivation (44%), and lower productivity and efficiency (41%).
For these reasons, among those businesses that have mental health support in place that is utilised effectively, 92% said they had seen improvements in employee performance and productivity.
Regarding the workload, burnout and mental health of business owners, the survey showed that 54% had worked long. Late hours to keep their business on track and running well, 51% had lost sleep due to stress, 48% had taken on multiple roles despite not being qualified, and 47% had felt a blurring of home and work life.
This can inevitably lead to strong feelings of low confidence or motivation, which a third of bosses said they felt, as well as 28% who said they felt unsupported or lonely.
Regionally, we found London businesses had the most mental health support to combat these issues, with 52% of bosses in the capital saying they have processes in place. This is followed by the West Midlands (47%) and North East England (46%). However, businesses in the East Midlands are the most under-equipped with mental health support, with just 27% saying they have support in place.
GoProposal spoke to Dr Chloe Mitchell, a BPS chartered counselling psychologist, to gain insight into how to cope and speak about mental health in a business environment: 'There is no shame in discussing physical health in the workplace. We accept that when a person has a physical health issue, they go to a doctor for guidance, prognosis and treatment. The same does not apply to mental health conditions, and leaders must lead the way to normalise mental health discussion.'
'A lot of it is about holding space in the workplace that allows for vulnerable emotions to be seen as human, for conversations about stress, depression, anxiety and grief to be completely normalised and not seen as signs of a loss of talent, or performance.'
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Children with Unsupportive Parents Are More Likely to Be Both Bullies and Victims, According to New ...
Do the Dark Triad Personality Traits Link to Academic Misconduct in Students?

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Home » Commentary » Can you get a refund for your cruise over a dirty balcony?
Can you get a refund for your cruise over a dirty balcony?
By Michelle Couch-Friedman | July 14, 2019 August 17, 2020
If you find heavy soot on the balcony of your cabin, should you be able to leave the cruise and get a refund? Rafael Rottiers and his wife believe so. They insist the filth on the railings and floor of their cabin's balcony aboard Costa's neoRiviera endangered their health. So they abandoned the ship days before it ended.
Now that the couple is back home, they want a refund. But what exactly was that document the two signed before leaving the cruise?
Elliott Advocacy is underwritten by Global Rescue -- Global Rescue is the world's leading provider of medical, security, evacuation and travel risk management services. Founded in 2004, Global Rescue has exclusive relationships with the Johns Hopkins Emergency Medicine Division of Special Operations and Elite Medical Group. Global Rescue provides best-in-class services that identify, monitor and respond to client medical and security crises. Learn more about Global Rescue.
Rottiers' plight is a reminder to all travelers whose plans include a cruise this summer. Not all cabins and their locations are created equally. So it's essential to acquaint yourself with the floor plans and available room information of your intended ship before booking. Otherwise, you too might find yourself faced with intolerable conditions that end with an expensive, premature jump from your ship.
Celebrating an anniversary with a 15-day Indian Ocean cruise
This misadventure began after the couple decided to celebrate their 15th wedding anniversary by taking a cruise. Having enjoyed other Costa cruises in the past, the duo settled on an Indian Ocean sailing. The 15-day journey would begin and end in Bombay, India.
The intended itinerary of the couple's anniversary cruise
With much anticipation, the Rottiers flew to Bombay in January of this year. Their disappointment with the ship and cruise began soon after boarding Costa's neoRiviera.
Problems with the Panorama Suite aboard the neoRiviera
"We paid for an expensive suite on this dream cruise to the Maldives," Rottiers recalled. "Unfortunately, the whole thing turned into a disaster."
As soon as Rottiers opened the door to his cabin, he was disappointed. The spacious suite with the panoramic views looked very different from what he was expecting.
"This was a much smaller Panorama Suite as we had already experienced on two other ships with Costa," Rottiers explained. "We expected that a cabin labeled as Panorama suite would be the same as on the other Costa cruises."
Rottiers complained to guest relations about the discrepancy. A Costa representative assured him that the cruise line had assigned the couple to the correct cabin on the neoRiviera. On this particular ship, the Panorama Suite does not have the same dimensions as on the cruise lines' other vessels.
This anniversary cruise wasn't getting off to a good start. But things were about to get much worse.
"There was unbearable loud hammering and construction works just below our suite the next morning," Rottiers told me. "We are not complainers; in fact, we are tolerant people. But after several hours I reported it. The next morning the same noise happened again. After I reported it this time, the workers finally stopped it on the second day."
But the worst, and what ultimately led to the couple leaving the cruise permanently, was yet to come.
A dirty balcony: black soot on the railings and floor
Around the third day of this increasingly disappointing cruise, Rottiers' wife discovered black soot on the balcony. This debris was accumulating on the railings, floor, chairs and windows as well. When she wiped down the balcony railing, the tissue turned black.
The heavy soot Rottiers found when she wiped down the balcony.
Now Rottiers went back to the guest relations area to make yet another complaint. He wanted the soot removed from his balcony. He says that someone was sent to clean their outdoor area, but the next day the filth reappeared. To document the problem, Rottiers filmed his wife wiping down the railings, floor and furniture of their cabin's balcony to reveal the heavy soot.
Rottiers' wife wiped down the floor of the dirty balcony, too.
A few days later, Rottiers says, his wife began experiencing breathing problems.
That's when the couple determined that the soot problem on his cabin's balcony was not just an aesthetic one. His wife's coughing was becoming worse, he says. They both assumed that the debris was settling into their lungs as well. The Rottiers began to contemplate leaving the cruise at the next port and flying home.
But when Rottiers tried to connect to the internet to figure out how to quickly fly home, he hit another roadblock.
"I paid for the internet package," Rottiers said. "But it wasn't accessible from my suite. I had to go into the hall."
The lack of internet was one more complaint that sent Rottiers to guest relations.
We want to leave the cruise — and we want a refund
After a disappointing day excursion in the Maldives, Rottiers says that they made the final decision to leave the cruise.
A scenic cruise to the Maldives turned out to be docking at a construction and industry sites (Military, Coal, extremely dirty, etc…). We decided to leave the cruise permanently in Colombo, Sri Lanka, [on day 10]. We wanted to leave before then when we were anchored at the Maldives. But I couldn't find a suitable flight back to Brussels at that moment.
Rottiers made his final trip to the customer relations desk on the neoRiviera and announced their intentions to leave the cruise. He also told the representative that he expected a full refund for this cruise fiasco. The Costa crew member told Rottiers that she could not refund his cruise. The couple could leave right after Rottiers signed a "Break of Voyage" declaration.
Rottiers says he was fine signing the form, although it was in Italian and he wasn't sure what it said. Only later, he says, did Costa inform him of the contents of the document. The Break of Voyage document states that if a passenger leaves the cruise early, Costa will not provide a refund.
I was asked to sign this document to be given back our passports, which were held at reception. This is what I believed I was signing. It sounded normal to me. So I assume that this is a deception from Costa, and at least not informing a passenger about what they are signing.
After signing the Break of Voyage declaration, the couple disembarked the neoRiviera one last time and headed to the airport. Once home, they began an ill-advised campaign with Costa that ended up in the legal department almost immediately.
"Black poisoning exhaust soot" polluting the whole ship?
By the time, Rottiers' request for help hit the Elliott Advocacy helpline, Costa had already sent his case to its legal team.
How did it get there so quickly? Well, unfortunately, Rottiers had never read our publisher Christopher Elliott's guidance on fixing your own consumer problem. That article lays out the foundation of successful advocacy and reveals the tactics our team uses every day to reach favorable resolutions.
But since Rottiers had not read Christopher's consumer problem-solving tips, his self-advocacy attempts veered wildly off course. His initial correspondence to Costa contained a laundry list of complaints — big and small. And he made unsubstantiated accusations that guaranteed the case's spot in the legal department: He claimed the soot on his balcony was poisoning the entire ship.
Understand that my wife meanwhile was in the room, coughing her lungs out, and urging me to get us off of this horrible ship asap.
YOU DO NOT REPLY TO THE BLACK SMOKE AND THE BLACK POISONING EXHAUST SOOT COMING FROM THE SHIPS ENGINES THAT POLLUTE THE WHOLE SHIP AND THAT WE HAVE CLEARLY DOCUMENTED IN PICTURES AND VIDEOS, AND THE HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT IT CAUSES.
Inexplicably, after this dire statement, Rottiers turned the topic to the internet that didn't work.
Note: If you are trying to convince a company that they've done something egregious like poisoning you, bringing up nonfunctional internet only serves to devalue your complaint. It is critical to stick to the most significant issue in any problem-solving mission.
And there was one other significant error in Rottiers' problem-solving approach.
Within days of the couple arriving home, Rottiers had uploaded his self-made video that illustrated the soot on the balcony to Youtube. It's never a good idea to begin a public shaming campaign while you are attempting to get a company to respond positively to your complaint. This type of tactic will almost always fail.
The Elliott Advocacy team responds
When I went through Rottiers' complaint and read his desired resolution (a full cruise refund), I suspected that would not be possible. The couple left the cruise early, but not until the 10th day of the journey. They completed the majority of their anniversary cruise.
And then there was also the problem of the "Break the Voyage" document that Rottiers signed. According to Costa, it says he understood he would not be receiving a refund for the balance of his cruise.
The fact that Costa had sent his case to its legal department was yet another roadblock. We know from experience that once a case hits the legal department of a company, it's likely that only an attorney can intervene on behalf of the consumer.
But I continued to read through all Rottiers' documents.
Regular readers of this site know that I've never taken a cruise. So I always use my fellow advocate Dwayne Coward as my encyclopedia of cruise information when I mediate a cruise case. To my noncruiser eyes, Rottiers' soot-on-the-balcony video didn't look so shocking since it is in an outdoor area. So I asked Dwayne, as an experienced cruiser, what he thought.
And that's when Dwayne was able to shine a new light on this case.
"Google rear-facing balcony cruise soot"
"It is a common issue with the rear-facing balconies on cruises," Dwayne explained. "That is the path the soot blows to from the smokestacks. We noticed it on one cruise when we had a rear balcony, but the view was worth it. Google rear-facing balcony cruise soot."
When I "Googled" that phrase I was inundated with a plethora of similar stories — passengers who loved their fabulous panoramic views at the back-end of the ship but… the soot appears to be an unavoidable problem because of the location of the cabins in relation to the smokestacks.
But Dwayne had more insight.
"The soot accumulation mostly occurs when the ship is in port while getting ready for departure, where it has time to settle," Dwayne told me. "When the ship is moving, it blows out to sea. It isn't something that would happen throughout the cruise."
What if your cruise cabin has a dirty balcony and you leave early
I spoke to Rottiers and explained why this is not a case that we could successfully mediate. Now he had a different idea and asked if I thought he should develop a webpage to force Costa to respond.
I can easily just go ahead, create a new website, write the story, list all the things, put all the videos online and make sure it goes viral, so it gets seen by millions of people warning them about the health dangers and the malpractices and below 0 customer service and deceitfulness they use. That I can do in one day, and send it to them.
Unfortunately, many consumers have become convinced that they can quickly build a viral social media campaign against a company to resolve their problem.
I know a few things about the way search engines work and I can tell you that hitting one million page views on any piece of media is not something that would happen "in one day" — unless you're Lady Gaga or Kim Kardashian. So please don't rely on that tactic to solve your consumer problem.
As I pointed out to Rottiers, this article about the couple that was kicked off their cruise in Helsinki received tons of traffic (not a million pageviews — not even close). However, it was picked up by many major media sites, but still, HAL refused to address the situation. So It is highly unlikely that Rottiers' video will compel Costa to refund his cruise.
Your rights if you leave the cruise before it's over
Unfortunately, for Rottiers, the facts were not on his side even if he had not signed the Break the Voyage document. The terms and conditions of every major cruise line state that if you leave the cruise before it's over you should not expect any refund. And Costa's early disembarkation policy is the same:
If a guest "interrupts a voyage that has already started, the Guest shall not be entitled to any refund
We've seen that policy in action many times here at Elliott Advocacy — stories of passengers leaving their cruises early (many times against their will) and walking away empty-handed:
This is what happens when you miss your cruise home
This is how they got removed from their cruise with no refund included
Before you board your next cruise, make sure to familiarize yourself with your cruise line's terms and conditions. Another enlightening document to consult before taking a maritime adventure is Cruise Line International Association's Passenger Bill of Rights. You may be surprised by the limited rights passengers have when they board an international cruise.
The bottom line: If you choose to leave your cruise before it's over — even over a dirt balcony — don't expect a refund.
Would you leave your cruise over heavy soot on the balcony of your cabin?
Posted in Commentary, Cruise fiascos Tagged CAN YOU LEAVE YOUR CRUISE BEFORE IT'S OVER AND GET A REFUND?, IS A DIRTY CABIN BALCONY A REASON TO LEAVE YOUR CRUISE?, THE SOOT PROBLEM WITH REAR FACING CRUISE CABINS, THEY JUMPED SHIP NOW THEY WANT A REFUND


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in Biography, Drama, Music
Watch All Eyez on Me (2017) Full Movie Online Free Watch32
All Eyez on Me Full Movie On Watch32: Tells the true and untold story of prolific rapper, actor, poet and activist Tupac Shakur. The film follows Shakur from his early days in New York City to his evolution into being one of the world's most recognized and influential voices before his untimely death at the age of 25. Against all odds, Shakur's raw talent, powerful lyrics and revolutionary mind-set propelled him into becoming a cultural icon whose legacy continues to grow long after his passing. ALL EYEZ ON ME stars Kat Graham, Lauren Cohan, Hill Harper, Jamal Woolard, Danai Gurira and Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Tupac Shakur.
Director: Benny Boom
Cast: Demetrius Shipp Jr., Danai Gurira, Kat Graham
Released Date: 16 June 2017 (USA)
Tags: 2017, All Eyez on Me (2017), Featured, Watch32HD, Xmovies8


From January 8th, 2018 'School Uniform Direct' (located by Screwfix in Mitcham) will stock and supply our school uniform. We still have some stock left here at the school for you to purchase but going forward you will purchase school uniform from them. For more information go to the School Office.


Anusol Cream is used to effectively treat haemorrhoids (piles). Anusol is used to provide soothing relief of external symptoms. Anusol Creamcontains ingredients to soothe and protect raw areas, reduce swelling and promote healing.
Apply to the affected area at night, in the morning and after each bowel movement.


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Sigaus homerensis är en insektsart som beskrevs av Morris, S.J. 2003. Sigaus homerensis ingår i släktet Sigaus och familjen gräshoppor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Bildgalleri

Källor

Externa länkar

Gräshoppor
homerensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Павел Григорьевич Стрижак (13 сентября 1922 года, с. Должик, ныне Золочевского района Харьковской области — 28 марта 1944 года, в районе г. Броды Львовской области) — командир батареи 313-го гвардейского артиллерийского полка 121-й гвардейской Гомельской стрелковой дивизии 13-й армии 1-го Украинского фронта, гвардии капитан, Герой Советского Союза.

Биография

Ранние годы
Павел Стрижак родился 13 сентября 1922 года в селе Должик Харьковской губернии Украинской ССР в семье крестьянина. Украинец. Образование среднее. Жил в Харькове. В Красной Армии с 1939 года. Окончил Одесское артиллерийское училище имени. К. Е. Ворошилова (1941).

Участие в Великой Отечественной войне
Участник Великой Отечественной войны с декабря 1941 года. Сражался на Западном, Брянском, Белорусском и 1-м Украинском фронтах. Член ВКП(б) с 1943 года.

Под Орлом только в одном бою батарея Стрижака уничтожила 3 танка, 2 самоходных орудия и сотни гитлеровских солдат и офицеров.

В марте 1944 года Стрижак отличился при освобождении Червоноармейского района Ровенской области Украины.

Командир батареи 313-го гвардейского артиллерийского полка (121-я гвардейская Гомельская стрелковая дивизия, 13-я армия, 1-й Украинский фронт) гвардии капитан Павел Стрижак отличился в бою 28 марта 1944 года в районе города Броды Львовской области Украины. Противник бросил в атаку до двух батальонов пехоты и 18 танков «Тигр» при поддержке авиации. Танки с десантами автоматчиков прорвались в советскую оборону, угрожая окружением отдельных частей 121-й гвардейской Гомельской стрелковой дивизии. Под сильным миномётным и пулемётным огнём противника Стрижак развернул орудия своей батареи и открыл огонь по противнику. Будучи тяжело ранен в грудь, Павел Стрижак не оставил своего поста и первыми выстрелами подбил головной танк врага. Последующими залпами орудий поджёг ещё 3 танка и уничтожил до роты фашистской пехоты. В разгар боя Стрижак был вторично тяжело ранен, но, несмотря на это, остался у орудия. Благодаря героическим действиям Стрижака, противник был обращён в бегство. Сам Павел Стрижак в том бою пал смертью героя.

Похоронен в городе Червоноармейск Ровенской области Украины.

Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 23 сентября 1944 года за образцовое выполнение боевых заданий командования на фронте борьбы с немецко-фашистскими захватчиками и проявленные при этом мужество и героизм, гвардии капитану Стрижаку Павлу Григорьевичу посмертно присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза.

Память
 В посёлке городского типа Золочёв Харьковской области и в городе Радивилов установлены бюсты героя; его именем названы школа, кинотеатр и улица.
 В Харькове у фасада здания, где до войны находилась 15-я артиллерийская спецшкола (теперь профессионально-техническое училище № 4), установлена памятная стела. На ней высечены имена воспитанников школы, отдавших жизнь за Родину в годы Великой Отечественной войны, в том числе и имя имя Героя Советского Союза П. Г. Стрижака.

Награды
 Медаль «Золотая Звезда»;
 орден Ленина;
 два ордена Отечественной войны 2-й степени;
 орден Красной Звезды.

Примечания

Литература

 Звёзды доблести боевой. — Львов: Каменяр, 1968.
 Подвиги во имя Отчизны. — 2-е изд.,- Харьков: «Прапор», 1985.

Ссылки

Артиллеристы Великой Отечественной войны
Командиры батарей в Великой Отечественной войне
Погибшие в боях Великой Отечественной войны
Похороненные в Пулинах


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https://www.wsj.com/articles/australias-left-loses-an-election-it-was-sure-to-win-11558294766
Australia's Left Loses an Election It Was Sure to Win
Voters shock the media in a result that echoes the victories of Brexit and Donald Trump in 2016.
By Tom Switzer
May 19, 2019 3:39 pm ET
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison speaks to his party in Sydney, May 19.
Photo: Rick Rycroft/Associated Press
There's nothing like a shock election result to force media sophisticates to eat their words. The triumph of the center-right Liberal-National Coalition government in Australia has caused plenty of verbal indigestion.
A few days ago, polls and betting markets pointed to a Labor victory. Journalists and intellectuals insisted that ordinary Aussies wanted government to fight climate change and soak the rich. Prime Minister Scott Morrison couldn't possibly win. The 51-year-old evangelical coal-cuddler was the wrong man for his times.
But on Saturday the government, which has had three leaders in six years, tightened its hold on Parliament while a humiliated Labor Party lost crucial marginal seats in the eastern states of Queensland, Tasmania and New South Wales. The election will go down as the most dramatic failure of discernment in the history of Australian punditry. Sound familiar?
In 2016 U.S. pollsters had to deal with the "shy Trump" factor. People feared admitting they'd vote for the Republican nominee because he was socially unacceptable. The same dynamic was at work in Britain during the 2016 referendum on whether to leave the European Union. Polls pointed to a Remain victory, but millions of shy Brexiteers crept into the polling booths and voted Leave. By depicting its opponents as backward and deplorable, the left intimidated them into going underground, making it impossible to gauge their strength before an election.
Shy voters now shape Australian politics. During the past three years, television and social-media outlets created a climate of opinion in which it was politically incorrect to oppose identity politics, high taxes, wealth redistribution and costly climate-mitigation policies. In the privacy of the voting booth, "quiet Australians," as Mr. Morrison calls them, decided that their interests lay in a low-tax and resource-rich market economy.
Mr. Morrison's path to victory was about as narrow as Donald Trump's road to the White House. But he was helped by his opponents' lurch to the left. The Labor Party, which did much to deregulate the Australian economy in the 1980s, was now pledging high taxes on property investors, self-funded retirees and high-earning wealth creators.
In the name of reducing inequality, Labor wanted to raise government obstacles to the kind of risk-taking and hard work that allowed many Australians to climb the income ladder so rapidly. Since the mid-1980s, Australia has pursued market reforms that improve incentives to work and save. The result has been nearly three decades of sustainable economic growth—a record for longest uninterrupted economic expansion in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. On Saturday Labor learned that class warfare no longer appeals to the middle class, who aspire to become rich and who understand the perverse incentives of high taxes.
Labor's energy policy, meanwhile, pledged a 45% emissions reductions target and 50% renewables by 2030. The green agenda resonated in a few metropolitan seats in Victoria, Australia's most liberal state, but fizzled elsewhere. Australia is a coal-producing powerhouse where command-and-control mechanisms lack broad public support. Mr. Morrison, famous for posing in Parliament holding a lump of coal, reminded voters that no renewable energy source is as efficient as carbon and that China's annual emissions rise is greater than Australia's total emissions each year.
The opposition to Australia's conservatives went all-in, with a concerted, well-organized left-wing campaign that culminated in former conservative Prime Minister Tony Abbott's loss of his formerly safe suburban Sydney seat. The danger is that Mr. Morrison might let those same opponents interpret his mandate for him.
An effort is already under way to diminish his victory by demanding that he "move to the center," which is media code for giving up the tax-cutting economic growth agenda the electorate just endorsed. "To those quiet Australians who are out there, now is not the time to turn back," Mr. Morrison observed late in the campaign. Will he listen to his own words?
Mr. Switzer is executive director of the Centre for Independent Studies in Sydney and a presenter at the Australian Broadcasting Corp.'s Radio National.
In a surprise Australian election outcome, Prime Minister Scott Morrison applauds his parties "miracle" victory over the left-wing Labor party on May 18, 2019. Image: Getty
Appeared in the May 20, 2019, print edition as '.'


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A federal judge in New York has ruled against Sirius XM Holdings Inc over an obscure copyright issue that has galvanised the music industry: royalties for recordings made before 1972.
Sirius XM and Pandora Media have been hit in the last year by a series of lawsuits over old recordings. Neither company pays record labels or performing artists on songs recorded before 1972, when federal copyright protection was first applied to recordings. Both services, however, pay separate royalties for songwriting.
Last year, members of the 1960s band The Turtles - who sang hits such as Happy Together - sued Sirius XM in California, New York and Florida, saying that, by playing its songs without permission, the broadcaster had infringed on the group's rights under state laws.
Flo & Eddie - Mark "Flo" Volman and Howard "Eddie" Kaylan - of the band had sued, seeking class action status and more than US$100 million (S$130 million) of damages for alleged infringements by New York-based Sirius XM.
Mr Harvey Geller, a lawyer for Flo & Eddie, said his client is pleased. He said: "From coast to coast, the owners of pre-1972 recordings are finally getting what is owed to them."
But these cases may well have broader implications if they lead to changes in copyright law. Last Friday, Judge Colleen McMahon of United States District Court in Manhattan rejected Sirius XM's motion for summary judgment, saying The Turtles have performing rights to their recordings under New York state law. Sirius XM has until Dec 5 to dispute remaining facts in the case, the judge wrote, otherwise Sirius XM will be ruled liable for infringement. A representative of Sirius XM declined on Sunday to comment on the decision.
The ruling comes after a separate win for The Turtles last September, when a federal judge in California found Sirius XM liable for infringement under state laws there. That decision was viewed as a major victory for artists and record companies, although its wider impact was unclear because it applied only to California.
Ms McMahon's decision bolstered the music industry's position that old recordings are covered under state laws. But recording and broadcasting executives said that the potential for wide confusion over music licensing - for example, it may mean that AM-FM radio stations, as well as restaurants or sports arenas where music is performed, may have been infringing on recording rights for decades - may require clarification from Congress.
The cases also come as record sales have continued to decline and the music industry has become more reliant on income from online and streaming audio services.
SoundExchange, a non-profit organisation that collects recording royalties from Internet and satellite radio, estimates that US$60 million is lost each year in uncollected royalties from oldies.


Hi, is there shuttle service to the hotel from Joensuu? If so, where is the pickup - if not, what is the suggested way to get from Joensuu to the hotel? Thanks.
"View to the lake, larger family room when traveling with kids"
"At the same level as pet rooms there is karaoke bar, so better to ask a room far away from it."
"If you want to sleep a little longer, downstair rooms are not a good choice, because early skiiers are walkin around with their boots."
"Upper floor lake view room for great scenery"


The biggest European kendama event, where the European champ will be crowned. The main event is supported by other smaller competitions.
The main divisions will be Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced in the form of a speedtrick, the PRO division will be a 1-on-1 knockout.
More detailed information and the registration form can be found here: kendama-open.eu.


ThinkTank is a refreshing, bespoke approach to online communities which allows you to get a quick point of view from a group of savvy, connected and future-orientated people on the big issues at the heart of your brand.
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Our qualitative experts combine skilful moderation and insightful analysis to answer your questions in a simple, yet powerful way.
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Draws on our deep understanding of cultural specificities and nuances around the world.
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Majec Systems, Inc., based in Austin, Texas, is a team of technology specialists committed to delivering the highest quality web programming and interactive application solutions. From database design and website deployment to Web 2.0 social media integrations and most stops in-between, our mission is to deliver technology solutions that allow our clients to succeed on the web.
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Majec Systems provides clients a range of creative solutions. We can produce specific interactive forms and sections for existing websites, data requirement schema and design documents, proof-of-concept prototypes, custom application development, and comprehensive database solutions for website backends.
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Majec Systems, Inc. is proud to be selected by the Texas Department of Information Resources (DIR) as a prime vendor to provide Comprehensive Web Development and Management Services.
Problem-solving is one of our strengths; there is knowledge that one can only gain from years of experience with servers, databases, and websites. We understand website owners sometimes are most challenged by crisis events. Hackers, upgrade incompatibilities, a web developer leaves the company and suddenly you find yourself with a broken website. If you've hit the panic button, let us help. We have an understanding of common issues, website troubleshooting, and database repair.


text:
Siena women's basketball beats Quinnipiac for first time
Saints end 14-game losing streak vs. three-time defending MAAC champ
1of5Siena head coach Ali Jaques instructs her players against Canisius during the first half of a NCAA women's college basketball game, Saturday, Feb. 1, 2020, in Loudonville, N.Y.Hans Pennink/Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
2of5Siena College junior Rayshel Brown drives to the basket in front of Quinnipiac University sophomore Sajada Bonner at the Siena College Alumni Recreation Center in Colonie, NY on Saturday, Jan. 4, 2020 (Jim Franco/Special to the Times Union.)James FrancoShow MoreShow Less
4of5Siena guard Sabrina Piper (42) moves the ball against the Canisius during the first half of a NCAA women's college basketball game, Saturday, Feb. 1, 2020, in Loudonville, N.Y.Hans Pennink/Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
The Siena women's basketball team knocked off three-time defending Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference champion Quinnipiac 68-60 in Hamden, Conn. on Saturday. It was the Saints' first victory over the Bobcats in 15 tries.
Junior guard Rayshel Brown had 18 points on 8-of-12 shooting to lead the Saints, who won their fifth straight game to improve to 8-13 overall, 6-6 in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.
The Saints held Quinnipiac (11-10, 8-4) to 32.8 percent shooting from the field.
"I'm just really, really proud of our players,'' Siena head coach Ali Jaques said in a phone interview. "I don't want that to sound cliche, but so many times this season, we could have quit on each other when you're getting your doors blown off by 40 early. We've come so far and I'm just so proud of them. They're growing every day right before our eyes. It's a huge confidence boost for us."
In fact, Siena lost six times by 27 points or more through the first 15 games of the season. And the Saints' history with Quinnipiac had been similarly lopsided since the Bobcats joined the MAAC for the 2013-14 season. The Bobcats had won all of their previous 14 meetings by at least 10 points.
On Saturday, Siena trailed only 34-30 at halftime.
"I really challenged them,'' Jaques said. "I said, we're only down four and we haven't played well ... I thought we had some pretty good individual performances. I'm really proud of them for sticking together and being mentally tough."
Siena still trailed 45-38 with 5:04 left in the third quarter after Quinnipiac's Shaquana Edwards hit back-to-back 3-pointers. But after a timeout, Siena responded with a 10-2 run to take a 48-47 lead at the end of the quarter. Jaques said a crucial steal by Rashel Brown helped trigger the run.
The Saints took the lead for good at 56-53 on freshman Ashley Williamson's 3-pointer off an assist by senior Sabrina Piper (12 points) with 5:22 remaining.
"(Piper) showed so much growth to trust her teammate and the freshman really came through for her,'' Jaques said.
The mood in the Siena locker room was jubilant afterward, according to Jaques.
"They were so excited,'' she said. "They were screaming. Sabrina was crying. She gave me a hug and said, I love you. I said, I love you, too. It was so tough early this year and to be the only senior on the team ... I subbed her out before the end of the game on purpose because I wanted her to have that."
Jaques wasn't ready to anoint Siena as a MAAC contender. The Saints come home to face first-place Rider in their annual "Pink Zone" game for breast cancer awareness on Thursday before playing preseason favorite Marist on Sunday at Times Union Center.
"This is a big week for us," Jaques said. "This gives us a win over one of the higher seeds, but that's a trap, looking ahead too much at this point. We played Rider tough (in a 70-66 loss in Lawrenceville last month), but I don't know that we got their best effort."
Quinnipiac defeated Siena 66-52 in Loudonville on Jan. 4, when the Bobcats pulled away in the fourth quarter. In Saturday's rematch, Jaques felt her team fought through fatigue for the milestone win.
"We're starting to figure it out,'' Jaques said. "We want to be playing our best basketball in March. There's still a lot to fix. They're really coachable and are really locked into each other. It's nice. Because there were some games earlier this year where I was like, I don't know how we're going to fix that."
msingelais@timesunion.com • 518-454-5509 • @MarkSingelais


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Spanish Paella Dinner, Entertainment, Music, Raffle, Silent/Live Auction and more!
If interested in being a sponsor or donating to our event in anyway please reach out to Brandi Barnes 408-710-0185.


All greeting cards are printed in full color on high quality stock. We use modern printing technology to provide you with the best look for your business. The quality of all your printing materials, including your greeting card, reflect on your company and we take great pride in helping you achieve that spectacular image you are looking for.
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We offer several standard sizes for greeting card printing and we also have the ability to offer custom sizes too.


text:
'use strict';

var grunt = require('grunt');

/*
  ======== A Handy Little Nodeunit Reference ========
  https://github.com/caolan/nodeunit

  Test methods:
    test.expect(numAssertions)
    test.done()
  Test assertions:
    test.ok(value, [message])
    test.equal(actual, expected, [message])
    test.notEqual(actual, expected, [message])
    test.deepEqual(actual, expected, [message])
    test.notDeepEqual(actual, expected, [message])
    test.strictEqual(actual, expected, [message])
    test.notStrictEqual(actual, expected, [message])
    test.throws(block, [error], [message])
    test.doesNotThrow(block, [error], [message])
    test.ifError(value)
*/

exports.cordova_cli = {
  install_platform : function(test){
    var actual = grunt.file.isDir('platforms/android');
    test.equal(actual, true, 'should install the platform android');
    test.done();
  },
  install_plugin : function(test){
    var actual = grunt.file.isDir('plugins/org.apache.cordova.statusbar');
    test.equal(actual,true,'should install the plugin org.apache.cordova.statusbar');
    test.done();
  }
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"use strict";

const _ = require("lodash");

module.exports = {

  example (value, example) {
    this.example = example;
    return value;
  },

  description (value, description) {
    this.description = description;
    return value;
  },

  deprecated (value, message) {
    this.deprecated = message || true;
    return value;
  },

  values (value, allowedValues) {
    if (_.isArray(allowedValues) && allowedValues.indexOf(value) === -1) {
      throw value + " is not an allowed value";
    }

    return value;
  },

  within (value, min, max) {
    if (_.isNumber(value) && value >= 0 && value <= max) return value;
    throw `Expected ${value} to be within ${min} and ${max}`;
  }

};


text:
Q: Why is my variable coming back as undefined? What is wrong with my script? It has a global variable which is later set with a function, but it comes back as undefined. Why is that?
<script>
var userName

function getAnonUserName() {
  $.ajax({
  url: "https://ck:8081/get-username",
  type: "get",
  success: function(response) {
  userName = response
  }
  })
}

window.onload = function() {
 getAnonUserName()
 console.log(userName)

A: getAnonUserName is asynchronous, you have to wait for the response

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Office of the CFO
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When a company faces a transformational event such as an initial public offering ("IPO"), sale, carveout, merger, or acquisition, the CFO is often burdened with most of the responsibility in preparing for and managing the process. Such events often require more resources and experience than are available internally. The Office of the CFO Solutions team at FTI Consulting creates value for clients by managing the path to an event across all critical areas. We work alongside the CFO to form a sustainable foundation for operational success starting on Day 1, whether the organization is a public company or a privately held entity.
Sell-side Carve-outs/Spin-offs
The complexities of carve-out transactions require a structured, disciplined and comprehensive divestiture approach. Our team combines divestiture expertise with industry-specific, financial and operational experience to provide integrated and comprehensive carve-out services for companies and their investors.
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Standing up SpinCo's finance function. The carved-out entity needs to prepare to manage the separated business and operate as a stand-alone. We use our deep knowledge of the issues and leading practices to help stand up SpinCo on its own. We provide interim management and surge resources to position the company for success from Day 1.
Merger Integration
Our team supports accounting executives and finance leaders during mergers and acquisitions. Our experts offer solutions to executives and their teams in combining two distinct finance/accounting groups, systems, and cultures into one cohesive unit that is ready to operate from Day 1.
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Drawing upon our deep expertise in the capital markets, corporate finance, and communications, we identify and assess operational gaps and provide guidance and support to bridge those gaps to form a sustainable foundation for operational success following the IPO.
Readiness assessment. The key to successfully planning for an IPO is to begin with a detailed, data-driven assessment of company-wide strategic, organizational and operational readiness. Our team of experienced professionals quickly analyze performance and identify where operational gaps exist in people, process and technology.
Finance function support. It is imperative to build an experienced and centralized project management office when pursuing a complex transition. Our team has the experience and tools to ensure a project stays on track. Treasury, legal, tax and internal audit must also adapt to public company requirements, with accounting and finance facing the greatest challenges. We have professionals with extensive U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") experience to assist with the complexities of Sarbanes-Oxley compliance and SEC reporting requirements.
Communications. Our strategic communications team offers comprehensive counsel and a multi-stakeholder approach to manage a company's reputation and maintain key stakeholder support. We design internal and external communication strategies and develop materials for an IPO launch.
There has never been a more challenging time for PE firms and the CFOs of their portfolio companies to manage competing demands and priorities. Our team works with PE firms and their portfolio companies at various deal stages to support decision making, identify and prioritize improvement needs, and establish a successful stand-alone company.
Operational due diligence. We conduct comprehensive financial, operational and IT due diligence to assist management with decision analytics. Leveraging our deep experience, we develop stand-alone cost analyses and assess the overall separation scope and level of entanglement with the seller, which enables a deep dive of the seller's proposed transition services, existing operational issues and risks.
Standing up a carve-out's finance function. We assist the carve-out entity in managing and operating as a stand-alone company. We help balance finance function priorities in order to optimize organizational structure and drive profitability. Our experienced team can provide interim management and surge resources in challenging situations to establish direction and deliver results immediately.
Rapid finance function diagnostic. Our team will quickly and efficiently assess a portfolio company's finance function to improve finance capabilities, optimize company growth and profitability and drive sustainable performance. Utilizing our set of assessment tools, we evaluate the maturity level of key areas that span across people, process, controls and technology supporting the finance function.
Performed IPO assessment for a national hospitality company, identifying key operational gaps and resources required to become a public company. Acted as interim management in financial planning and analysis ("FP&A") and improved the 5-year financial model in advance of the IPO.
Retained by the private equity ("PE") sponsor as interim treasurer, controller and financial planning & analysis FP&A leader for a newly acquired $5 billion subsidiary from a $50 billion chemical company. The PE sponsor and company were able to undertake a $600 million leveraged recapitalization on top of the existing $800 million of funded debt within eight months.
Identified $380 million in working capital savings opportunities for a $6 billion carve-out from a chemicals conglomerate, and developed a series of cash boards that were deployed across the business to provide the organization with a common view of key performance indicators ("KPIs").
Facilitated the execution of a large carve-out transaction in the rental industry, including preparing Form 10, carve-out financials and amendments and five-year financial projections for both the parent and SpinCo and identifying sensitivities for key risks and opportunities discussed with ratings agencies, potential lenders and investors.
Read Service Sheet
Gina Gutzeit
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text:
Mark Zandi | World Affairs Council Jacksonville
Great Decisions Program
Admiral Jonathan T. Howe Academic WorldQuest
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Mark Zandi
Chief Economist, Moody's Analytics
An Outlook on the Economy: Growth or Recession?
Mark M. Zandi is chief economist of Moody's Analytics, where he directs economic research. Moody's Analytics, a subsidiary of Moody's Corp., is a leading provider of economic research, data and analytical tools. Dr. Zandi is a cofounder of Economy.com, which Moody's purchased in 2005.
Dr. Zandi is on the board of directors of MGIC, the nation's largest private mortgage insurance company, and is the lead director of Reinvestment Fund, one of the nation's largest community development financial institutions, which makes investments in underserved communities.
He is a trusted adviser to policymakers and an influential source of economic analysis for businesses, journalists and the public. Dr. Zandi frequently testifies before Congress and conducts regular briefings on the economy for corporate boards, trade associations, and policymakers at all levels. He is often quoted in national and global publications and interviewed by major news media outlets, and is a frequent guest on CNBC, NPR, Meet the Press, CNN, and various other national networks and news programs.
Dr. Zandi is the author of Paying the Price: Ending the Great Recession and Beginning a New American Century, which provides an assessment of the monetary and fiscal policy response to the Great Recession. His other book, Financial Shock: A 360º Look at the Subprime Mortgage Implosion, and How to Avoid the Next Financial Crisis, is described by the New York Times as the "clearest guide" to the financial crisis.
Dr. Zandi earned his BS from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania.
This presentation will be formatted as a dialogue with Jeffrey Bernardo, President & CEO of Augustine Asset Management.
How can we help? Contact us to learn more about the Council or just ask a question.
Interested in becoming a member? We're a diverse group of passionate individuals.
© 2020 World Affairs Council of Jacksonville
Water Street Capital
Fleet Landing


text:
МР-654К — пневматичний пістолет. Газобаллонний аналог пістолету Макарова.

Використовується для отримання перших навичок в поводженні зі зброєю та розважальної стрільби. Зовнішній вигляд практично повністю відповідає вигляду ПМ. Для стрільби застосовуються сферичні кульки калібру 4,5 мм, та 8 або 12 грамові балончики з СО2.

пневматична зброя


ive done a lot of things about how "y is not in the spirit of x" so im glad im not the only person that thinks that way.
p5js deserves a chance to be different and do different things, but when you say "it boasts"– a lot of new things are a little unreasonable about that. "dump that lousy old thing you like for a lousier new thing today!" and thats always irksome. i hope they get more reasonable about that part of it.
it sounds like it has a couple good ideas, but your complaints are probably just as valid as their good ideas are.


All permitted practitioners in Los Angeles County, even more those who were given their licenses to give lawful warning and to indicate their clients as their lawyers are due to locomote the standards of their occupational group.
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