I'm based in Columbus, Ohio and run a web design agency In Transit Studios which I've been building and scaling since 2010. When I'm not running and overseeing that, I'm focusing on my true passion right here at joshhall.co which is helping other web designers learn how to design websites with WordPress & Divi and build their own web design businesses to experience the freedoms that I've been fortunate to have as a professional web designer and business owner.
Web Designer & Developer, Business Owner, Creative Director, Blogger, Course Creator, YouTuber, Podcaster, Digital Marketer, Consultant and Coach.
Husband, father, drummer in a past life, player and watcher of tennis, big time Blue Jackets Hockey fan and a mentor and friend wherever I can be.
Side note: this will be my first podcast episode when I launch that soon!
2009 – Me as a cabinet maker for Creative Mobile Interiors shortly before getting laid off when the auto indusry got hit hard through 08-09.
2010 – Me and my band This Fires Embrace just before launching In Transit Studios as a freelance graphic design business.
2010 – My first business card…yep you see drum lessons as a service haha. There's truly hope for us all.
2015 – Getting all married and stuff.
2017 – Going back to speak with students at a CSS class at my old community college.
2018 – Family picture from the NICU as my daughter works to feed and gain weight.
2018 – Recent picture of the fam ending a wild year.
Before I got started in the amazing world of web design, I was a cabinet maker for a tour bus customizing shop here in Columbus, OH called Creative Mobile Interiors. I got laid off in the Spring of 2009 along with many others with the auto industry got hit pretty hard. The day after, I decided to dive into photoshop as I had been experimenting with graphic design and had always enjoyed art, drawing and simply creating things.
I started in Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator doing primarily graphic and print design for bands. At this time, I was also involved with a church that needed help with their website. They asked if I'd be willing to take it over and offered to send me to a couple web design classes at the community college here in Columbus. I accepted and began the first chapter in my web design career!
I really enjoyed what I learned about web design at the time (which was custom coding sites with HTML and using Dreamweaver) and decided to pursue an associates degree in Digital Design and Graphics at Columbus State Community College. It's my only formal education and was very valuable in helping me in all areas of graphic design, basic web design, photography, color management, branding and more. I learned a lot there technically but have always learned better by real world experience, trial and error and plain old failing 🙂 which I was doing on the side by designing graphics for bands.
In the Summer of 2010, my band released our third album (In Transit) and after going through several pages of potential business names, I decided to officially call my graphic design business In Transit Studios. I'd love to say there's a deep meaning behind it, but it mainly just sounded cool while we recorded that record and the domain was one of the only options not taken. So I officially started and registered In Transit Studios in October of 2010. I continued to work with bands for years but ran some ads in Craigslist and started getting some local business and commercial clients. I slowly began to offer basic website design services along with my graphic design services for logos, brochures, flyers, t-shirts, etc.
I experimented with WordPress for a site in 2012 as I got further into the web design world and stumbled across Divi while subcontracting for a local web company in 2014. That's when it all changed. Divi truly became "The one theme to rule them all" for me and I chose to run my business exclusively with that theme. To this day, I have not used any other theme or platform than Divi and WordPress to build a website.
At this time, the band was winding down and I had finished my 2-year associate degree while going to school at night and working odd jobs to help pay the bills along with my modestly growing graphic design business. When I graduated I had every intention of either going to a more advanced design program or finding a local design job but with what I had made on the side…I thought what if I did this full time? I decided to go for it and take the business more seriously.
I ended up meeting my wife before a meeting at Panera, where she was the catering coordinator and the rest is history. We got married in March of 2015 and she joined the business shortly after to assist with administrative, website updates, print ordering and more.
In the summer 2016, I found my way into the Divi community by joining one of the popular Divi Facebook groups. Always late to the part, I found out that there were more Facebook groups for Divi so I joined a couple more. I soon found out that the content manager for Elegant Themes lived in my city. I had no intention of being a blog author but I thought it'd be awesome to meet someone from Elegant Themes so I reached out, and invited him for coffee.
We hit it off, talked shop and discussed some great ideas around Divi and the business of web design. Shortly after, he approached me to see if I'd be interested in contributing to the blog. I enthusiastically accepted and began writing for Elegant Themes in August of 2016. I then stumbled across the next chapter in my web design world, a love for writing and a love for helping fellow web designers. And I've always found it ironic and somewhat funny that I blog and code for a living now but I got a "D" in typing class in high school. I suppose it goes to show you that it's not about how fast you type, but what you type.
Soon after, I felt a need to connect with fellow Divi Web Designers in a different way than I had seen with many of the other groups. I didn't see a group geared around the idea of sharing your work, getting feedback and empowering each other to be better designers so I started the Divi Web Designers Facebook Group. Between admining the group and contributing more to the ET blog, I found in myself a new passion to help Divi Web Designers more and more and realized how much I've learned since 2010 when it came to starting and running a profitable web design business that gave me freedom, a chance for my wife to stay home and for us to work whenever, where ever we wanted.
In the Summer of 2017, I decided to create a home (this site) to archive all my blog posts and launch my endeavor to help other web designers with tutorials, blogs and eventually courses, podcasts and more. JoshHall.co was born in August 2017 and oddly enough, my first tutorial launched on 8/22/17 which is the day we found out we were pregnant.
I began creating more and more tutorials and continuing to write blog post series for the Elegant Themes blog. In January 2018 I did a full series on scaling a web design business and did my first YouTube interview series with established web design business owners to hear how they scaled their businesses. I soon began implementing what I learned from them and the series I wrote and started building my team for In Transit Studios so I could free myself up to work more on JoshHall.co.
Thankfully I now had some help with the business via my sub contractors because a real journey was about to take place. We had a high risk pregnancy and when my daughter was born in April of 2018, she was very small and had a variety of growth and sugar problems. We then (as many of you saw on my Facebook) spent 2 months in the NICU. I worked when I could at a coffee shop near the hospital but had to take a break from tutorials and working on this site just in order to keep up with the business and overseeing the work my sub contractors were assisting with.
Thankfully, we got out of the NICU and once things settled down I was able to get back into this endeavor, My plan originally was to offer products, layouts and Child Themes for Divi but I had grown to love doing tutorials and teaching so much that I decided to try creating my first course.
In the summer of 2018, I began creating my Website Maintenance Plan Course and decided that if it went over well and more importantly, if I enjoyed building the course then I would make more. I had been asked about doing a CSS course but I knew that would be a massive undertaking so I wanted to launch my maintenance plan course first as I was really passionate about sharing what I learned in scaling my plan which was one of the main reasons we got through the NICU. Because I had recurring income that covered our living expenses with my maintenance plan. That course launched, it went over extremely well and I found my new found love of building courses and helping others grow their web design business. I then started working on my big Divi/CSS Course and mapped out several smaller courses to follow.
While wrapping up 2018 and launching my CSS course, I continued scaling In Transit Studios by hiring my lead web designer, Jonathan (JD), and continuing to subcontract other work to a handful of trusted colleagues when needed. As soon as January 2019 hit I was in course mode creating the next set of courses with my refined process and getting quicker with recording videos, writing the content, etc. I completed 4 courses in 2 months from January – February 2019 and now with a suite of courses and continuing to get back into tutorials, podcasts, blogs and more!
That brings us to now. I'm writing this on 3/13/19 so I will update it again soon as the journey continues!


text:
Massimo Sarantos Lombardi was named an honourable mention as a BCHL Player of the week for his work over the last three games. (Todd Blumel photo)
Cowichan Caps top Eagles in high-scoring affair
More roster changes for Cowichan as team's Luke collection continues
Add another Luke to the lineup!
The Cowichan Valley Capitals have added forward Luke Lavery to the roster, along with forward Kobe Verbicky and future considerations from the Vernon Vipers in exchange for defenceman Connor Elliott earlier this month.
This brings the number of Lukes on the Capitals to four (plus one Lukas).
"We are sad to see stalwart defencemen Connor Elliot be traded to the Vernon Vipers. Connor is a grade A player and teammate," said head coach and general manager Brian Passmore. "But with the sadness we would like to announce a positive, bringing in another NCAA committed player in Luke Lavery, the playing rights to Kobe Verbicky who has played here in the past and future considerations."
Lavery hails from Nanaimo and played for the Clippers before being traded to Vernon last season. The 2004-born player has committed to Providence College in Rhode Island.
A Victoria product, Verbicky spent the last two seasons playing in the Western Hockey League with the Edmonton Oil Kings and Kamloops Blazers. He started the 2019/20 season in Cowichan scoring one goal in 14 games as a 16 year old.
He returns to the Caps with 62 career WHL games' worth of experience.
The Capitals were a scoring machine on Nov. 12 at the Cowichan Community Centre when they beat the Surrey Eagles 7-5 in front of 453 fans.
It was a big win for Cowichan as Surrey is among the best of the best of the BC Hockey League's teams.
Cole Melady, Lavery (2), Luke Strickland, Oliver Salo, and Massimo Sarantos Lombardi (2) all potted pucks in a contest that saw nine different players hit the score sheet.
McCoy Bidewell got the win, casting aside 37 of 42 shots on net.
It was a bit of payback for the Caps as the night before Surrey had bested them 4-3 in overtime.
Lavery, Strickland and Andrew Haxton had the goals for Cowichan in that game and despite taking the loss, Bidwell was the game's second star.
Earlier that week Cowichan fell 3-1 to Nanaimo at Frank Crane Arena in Nanaimo. Strickland was the only goal scorer for Cowichan.
Lombardi was given an honourable mention as a BCHL Player of the week for his work over the last three games.
Up next for the Capitals is a trip to the Chilliwack Coliseum on Friday Nov. 18 to face off against the Chiefs. The puck drops at 7 p.m.
cowichan valleyhockey
Former Men's national soccer team, Ken Garraway, enjoys current team's success
Ladysmith bodybuilder flexes his way to first place at two competitions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home » Geography » Population and Migration
New Edition of a Widely Adopted Text
The Age of Migration
International Population Movements in the Modern World
Hein de Haas, Stephen Castles, and Mark J. Miller
Migration is a central dynamic in globalization that is recasting contemporary states and societies in distinctive, powerful ways. Now with more balanced coverage of Western and non-Western regions, this leading text has been revised and updated with the latest theories, policy information, and interdisciplinary research. read more »
A Paperback Original
Size: 6⅗" x 9½"
Published by the Guilford Press in cooperation with Red Globe Press. Available from Guilford in the United States and its dependencies, Canada, Mexico, and the Philippines. For distribution elsewhere, contact Red Globe Press, an imprint of Springer Nature Limited, London, UK.
A wealth of new data, increased attention to non-Western regions and perspectives, and stronger analysis of long-term trends.
Chapter critically evaluating different categories used to describe migrants and analyze migration, including a myth-busting discussion of "climate refugees."
Chapter on the evolution and effectiveness of migration policies.
Chapter on how migration affects origin countries.
Expanded coverage of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
Analyses of timely topics, including anti-immigrant politics and Islamophobia; migration policies under Trump; large-scale refugee movements; the growth of new types of mobility for such purposes as education, marriage or retirement; and the tools governments use to control migration (the "Migration Policy Toolbox").
Glossary of key terms, which are highlighted throughout the text.


chilkanagar st venus high school annual day celebration.
Gilets Jaunes sécurisant le tabac St Philippe contre des casseurs venus pour piller.
Thank you Tundra Beats! Thank you to Aero Studios as well as Feedbacc for being here for me. Not for profit but follow me on IG: fauxpologist .
The stunning trio of Bambi, Vicki, and Angelica sing the popular Bananarama tune with lyrics about the great philosopher Thomas Aquinas. Vicki is the cool one.
The Eve of St. Venus.
Going Retro: Atari ST - Venus The Flytrap!
Welcome to join DreamTrips AMT - I FIVE YSBH DREAMTRIPS.
"Why cannot a Goddess of Love be a readily reached side of the frightful ,unknowable heavenly being?""
Cleaners From Venus - Fracas On West St.
Vloggers Cafe - Sites - London - Venus Broadgate.
©2018 by image of pittsburgh steelers. All Right Reserved.


Devin is a remarkable young man quick to discern if someone he encounters is kind or not. In a short space of time he will let you know if he wants you near him. As a bonus, his mom Sharon states, it sure helps your cause if you are a pretty girl.
Devin is thirty years old and has Down syndrome. "Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosone 21. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down syndrome. All people with Down Syndrome experience cognitive delays, but the effect is usually mild to moderate and is not indicative of the many strengths and talents that each individual possesses." (ndss.org) Down syndrome does not define Devin, but it does affect his ability to communicate.
Throughout his lifetime, Devin has seen every kind of doctor imaginable. Even though he happens to be non-verbal, he has no trouble letting everyone know with his actions when someone he meets in the medical field does not make him happy. More often than not, he does not take kindly to them. This can be quite a challenge for mother and son as Devin faces the many health concerns that are common to people with Down syndrome. One such concern is the presence or development of cataracts. "A child with Down syndrome will be evaluated by the pediatrician at birth, and referred to an ophthalmologist if something abnormal is detected. In some instances if there are no signs of cataracts at birth and depending on how developmentally delayed the person is, they may not be able to communicate they can't see. For this reason, it is recommended any patient with Down syndrome, no matter what age, have a complete eye examination if they are starting to show reduced cognitive function, or changes in their normal activities." (ndss.org) For Devin, he developed a cataract in his right eye as he grew older and eventually this began to impact his ability to perform his activities of daily living (ADLs).
Through the process of Devin's care, Dr. Duss never treated him as anything less than an equal. At one point during their time at Pediatric Eye Consultants, she emphasized that she did not consider Devin a pediatric case. She took the time to cover up the word 'pediatric' with her finger to let Sharon know Devin was, and always would be treated just like everyone else. She kept Sharon involved and informed so when it came time for him to have surgery to remove the cataract in his right eye, Sharon felt very comfortable with this decision.
According to Sharon, even the surgical center staff exhibited the same quality, care and concern that they had experienced at the Pediatric Eye Consultants office. The atmosphere at the center 'was like a warm towel wrapping the soul'. After the surgery and some time for healing had passed, Sharon has noticed a marked improvement in Devin's functioning. Having bettered his vision, this has also helped to improve his life.
"Even though I did not receive direct services from Dr. Duss, she opened my eyes to the vision of quality care".
Sharon is hoping that Dr. Duss will consider renaming her practice 'The Quality Care Clinic'.
To learn more about how you or a loved one could become a valued patient at Pediatric Eye Consultants, please call our front office to schedule an appointment.


Join Produce for Better Health (PBH) Foundation on Tuesday, November 6, 2018 from 1:00-2:00pm EST to learn about the impact of diet on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes.
The science overwhelmingly supports that pregnancy outcomes can be positively influenced by focusing on an overall healthy diet prior to and during pregnancy. This diet includes lots of fruit and veggies, in all forms grown in any manner. Recently some studies have suggested that women who are pregnant or want to become pregnant should consume a largely organic diet. This "organic only" message has been perpetuated by certain groups throughout mainstream media and social channels as well. However, instead of promoting one production method over another, shouldn't the message to women emphasize healthy eating and an appropriate pregnancy diet?
Join Carl Keen, PhD, Professor of Nutrition & Internal Medicine at the University of California, Davis, as he reviews studies supporting diet implications on pregnancy and the importance of including fruit and veggies in the diet.
We are thrilled to share the 2019 Produce for Better Health Foundation Sponsorship Prospectus, outlining unique engagement opportunities with industry, influencers and consumers. We have transformed our approach to sponsorships, bringing more value to you and changing the way people enjoy more fruit and vegetables each day. Reimagine your partnership with PBH.
Our goal is to build a successful, strategic partnerships with you for the public good. Let's join together and help people enjoy more fruits and vegetables for happier, healthier lives TODAY! Download the 2019 PBH Sponsorship Prospectus.
For sponsorship opportunities please contact development@PBHFoundation.org.
For the month of October we are partnering with the Cans Get You Cooking campaign to share a collection of resources which we have also shared with our consumer influencer partners. They include sample social posts, graphics, infographics, blog posts and recipes. Check out the resources.
PBH is pleased to recognize the following companies who have contributed their support of the Foundation from September 4, 2018 through October 9, 2018. Your generous contributions help support PBH's many activities to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. To find out how you can support PBH, and grow your business in the process, contact the PBH Development Department.


Stepping Stone Support receives nominations of cancer patients in treatment who have children at home. We adopt these families to lessen the financial burden and bring joy during the holidays. Now accepting 2018 nominations until September 1, 2018.
Congratulations to Stepping Stone Support & Survivor's Helper as the recipients of the 2017 Stony Brook Cancer Center Above & Beyond Community Service Awards. Honored since 2011.
We are an all volunteer, grassroots charity dedicated to helping cancer survivors, raising awareness, and funding research. Our signature program, Survivor's Helper, brings holiday joy to local families.
Join Stepping Stone Support for all the wonderful events we host, attend, and participate to help support our cause.
Since 2011, SSS has joined the Foundation For Women's Cancer in their mission to raise awareness and crucial research funds for gynecologic cancers. Annually, our Teal Warriors hit the streets of Washington, DC at the Race to End Women's Cancer.
Meet Renee' Lynn Scott, the founder of Stepping Stone Support, and learn about how this organization came to be... Read More..
Creating a stress free holiday filled with joy is our mission. Learn more about Survivor's Helper... Read More..
Please support our all-volunteer nonprofit, Stepping Stone Support. A donation in any amount will make a difference... Read More..


text:
Syria suggests it might not withdraw forces by deadline
the CNN Wire Staff
Updated 10:40 PM EDT, Sun April 8, 2012
Syria: Pullback 'requires guarantees'
NEW: An activist calls al-Assad a "liar," saying Syrians are living in constant fear
Envoy Kofi Annan says that the recent "escalation of violence is unacceptable"
525 people die in the last week, since Syria signalled it supported a peace plan
A Syrian official says it's a "wrong interpretation" that Syria committed to withdrawing troops
Syria will not commit to pulling its forces from cities only to have "armed terrorist groups" attack, a Syrian foreign ministry spokesman said Sunday as opposition activists reported at least 69 deaths in the restive nation.
U.N.-Arab League special envoy Kofi Annan has said that he expects regime forces to withdraw its forces from urban areas by Tuesday, at which time rebel fighters would also adhere to a cease-fire as part of a peace plan he helped broker.
But Jihad Maqdisi, a Syrian foreign ministry spokesman, said that is a "wrong interpretation" of Syria's intentions, the state-run Syrian Arab News Agency reported.
While insisting the Damascus government has acted in "good faith," Maqdisi put the onus on Annan for the peace plan to proceed – saying the envoy "has not offered written guarantees to the Syrian government that the armed groups agreed to stop violence, nor has he offered guarantees that Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Turkey will commit to stop funding and arming terrorist groups."
And in a statement on state-run TV, Maqdisi said, "Syria will not repeat what happened during the (Arab League) mission, when it committed to the exit of its armed forces from the cities and surrounding areas, then the armed terrorist groups took advantage to arm its members and conduct all forms of terrorism." The statement referred to an Arab League monitoring mission that took place several months ago.
Calling President Bashar al-Assad a "liar," activist Ahmad el-Khalaf told CNN on Monday that he has no faith Syrian forces will leave and stop the violence.
He described the situation in his country and, specifically, in Idlib province where he is, as "outrageous" – with people having little food to eat or water to drink and living in constant fear amid countless accounts of "women being raped, houses being burned" and "people being slaughtered."
"There is no life here at all," el-Khalaf said. "There are snipers all over, just waiting for someone to stand on his legs (so they can) shoot him. They don't care whether he is male, female, elderly or child. They shoot for fun."
At least 69 people were killed in fresh violence across the country Sunday, according to the Local Coordination Committees of Syria (LCC), a network of opposition activists.
That means 525 have been killed since the Syrian government signaled its intention to adhere to Annan's peace plan – including the April 10 planned withdrawal of its forces from cities – according to opposition activists.
Some of the worst violence Sunday was in Idlib, where the network reported 28 killed throughout the province (10 if them in the village of Sahel Roh) and that "the village of Bashira was entirely destroyed."
Another 19 died in Homs province and 12 in Hama – with seven of the people killed there belonging to the same family – said the LCC. There were also five reported fatalities in Beit Jin outside Damascus, two in Daraa, two in Deir Ezzor and one in Aleppo.
Annan said in a statement Sunday that he was "shocked by recent reports of a surge in violence and atrocities in several towns and villages in Syria, resulting in alarming levels of casualties, refugees and displaced persons, in violation of assurances given to me.
"This is a time when we must all urgently work towards a full cessation of hostilities, providing the space for humanitarian access and creating the conditions for a political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people," Annan said.
"As we get closer to the Tuesday 10 April deadline, I remind the Syrian government of the need for full implementation of its commitments and stress that the present escalation of violence is unacceptable," he said.
France's foreign ministry used similar language in a statement Sunday, condemning what it described as "massacres perpetrated by the Syrian regime" and expressing "shock (about) the atrocities that continue to" happen within Syria.
Throughout the more than year-long uprising against the regime, the Syrian government has consistently blamed violence on "armed terrorist groups." But U.N. and other world leaders have said the government is engaged in a violent crackdown.
Reports from Syrian opposition activists suggest government forces are slaughtering civilians in an attempt to wipe out dissidents seeking al-Assad's ouster. The al-Assad family has ruled Syria for 42 years.
Rebel fighters have taken up arms, but their strength has often paled in comparison to the better-equipped regime troops.
"This regime is trying, as usual, to create obstacles preventing (the application of) any real and effective solution on the ground to stop the bloodshed," said Abu Fares, the political representative of the Homs Revolutionary Council. "… We can't lay (down) our arms because we don't trust this regime."
"We can't drop our guns until the regime withdraws from the cities," said Lt. Abdullah Odah of the Free Syrian Army, the armed Syrian opposition, in Istanbul. "We didn't start the mass murder. The regime started it. It has to stop killing and then automatically we will stop."
At least 127 people were killed Saturday, including 59 deaths in Hama, according to the LCC.
Syrian forces have been targeting civilians displaced from their homes by earlier fighting, the group said.
Specifically, the LCC said, the regime is attacking villages and farms around the eastern city of Rastan, where fighting a month ago forced out more than 80% of residents. They escaped to the nearby areas but are now coming under attack, the group said Saturday.
Syria said Sunday that the bodies of six "army and law enforcement martyrs" were buried.
CNN cannot independently verify reports of violence and deaths, as the government has severely restricted access to international media.
Annan's six-point plan for Syria includes calls for a cease-fire by both sides and a Syrian-led political process to end the crisis.
On Sunday morning, SANA made little mention of any new violence but showed images of packed demonstrations that it said took place a day earlier.
"Syrian citizens in all the Syrian provinces on Saturday flocked to the main squares to celebrate the 65th anniversary of the foundation of the Baath Arab Socialist Party," SANA said. "The participants in the rallies expressed the Syrian people, army and leadership's steadfastness in the face of the conspiracy hatched against Syria."
SANA reported Saturday that the government sent two identical letters to the president of the U.N. Security Council and to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, accusing Arab and Western countries of backing the armed groups.
In the letters, Syria claimed that "terrorist acts committed by the armed terrorist groups in Syria have increased during the last few days, particularly after reaching an understanding on Kofi Annan's plan," according to SANA.
The letters said 2,088 Syrian forces and 478 police officers have been killed.
One LCC activist in Homs, identified only as Saleem for safety reasons, described a massacre outside a local school that the Syrian army used to launch offensives and detain people.
Saleem said the bodies of 13 people, including youths, were found with signs of torture.
"The truth is we have become used to such massacres. We have seen people beheaded, children killed, bodies torn apart, and nothing surprises us anymore," Saleem said Saturday. "All we could do is pray to all for help and call on the world to intervene."
The United Nations estimates that the fighting in Syria, which began a year ago, has killed at least 9,000 people. The LCC puts the toll at more than 11,000.
CNN's Yousuf Basil, Jim Clancy, Ivan Watson, Kareem Khadder, Samira Said, Salma Abdelaziz, Elwyn Lopez and Holly Yan contributed to this report.


We are pleased to announce that Fifth Avenue Place has once again achieved LEED EB:OM Gold Certification.
This is a great accomplishment and we would like to thank you and your employees for all of your efforts throughout this process. With your help and through Fifth Avenue Place's sustainable building operations, our property has achieved LEED EB:OM Gold certification for another five year period, expiring in 2022.


text:
How L1 and L2 CPU Caches Work, and Why They're an Essential Part of Modern Chips
The beautiful Pentium M die, with lots and lots of cache
The development of caches and caching is one of the most significant events in the history of computing. Virtually every modern CPU core from ultra-low power chips like the ARM Cortex-A5 to the highest-end Intel Core i9 use caches. Even higher-end microcontrollers often have small caches or offer them as options — the performance benefits are too large to ignore, even in ultra-low-power designs.
Caching was invented to solve a significant problem. In the early decades of computing, main memory was extremely slow and incredibly expensive, but CPUs weren't particularly fast, either. Starting in the 1980s, the gap began to widen quickly. Microprocessor clock speeds took off, but memory access times improved far less dramatically. As this gap grew, it became increasingly clear that a new type of fast memory was needed to bridge the gap.
While it only runs up to 2000, the growing discrepancies of the 1980s led to the development of the first CPU caches.
How Caching Works
CPU caches are small pools of memory that store information the CPU is most likely to need next. Which information is loaded into cache depends on sophisticated algorithms and certain assumptions about programming code. The goal of the cache system is to ensure that the CPU has the next bit of data it will need already loaded into cache by the time it goes looking for it (also called a cache hit).
A cache miss, on the other hand, means the CPU has to go scampering off to find the data elsewhere. This is where the L2 cache comes into play — while it's slower, it's also much larger. Some processors use an inclusive cache design (meaning data stored in the L1 cache is also duplicated in the L2 cache) while others are exclusive (meaning the two caches never share data). If data can't be found in the L2 cache, the CPU continues down the chain to L3 (typically still on-die), then L4 (if it exists) and main memory (DRAM).
This chart shows the relationship between an L1 cache with a constant hit rate, but a larger L2 cache. Note that the total hit rate goes up sharply as the size of the L2 increases. A larger, slower, cheaper L2 can provide all the benefits of a large L1, but without the die size and power consumption penalty. Most modern L1 cache rates have hit rates far above the theoretical 50 percent shown here — Intel and AMD both typically field cache hit rates of 95 percent or higher.
The next important topic is the set-associativity. Every CPU contains a specific type of RAM called tag RAM. The tag RAM is a record of all the memory locations that can map to any given block of cache. If a cache is fully associative, it means that any block of RAM data can be stored in any block of cache. The advantage of such a system is that the hit rate is high, but the search time is extremely long — the CPU has to look through its entire cache to find out if the data is present before searching main memory.
At the opposite end of the spectrum, we have direct-mapped caches. A direct-mapped cache is a cache where each cache block can contain one and only one block of main memory. This type of cache can be searched extremely quickly, but since it maps 1:1 to memory locations, it has a low hit rate. In between these two extremes are n-way associative caches. A 2-way associative cache (Piledriver's L1 is 2-way) means that each main memory block can map to one of two cache blocks. An eight-way associative cache means that each block of main memory could be in one of eight cache blocks. Ryzen's L1 instruction cache is 4-way associative, while the L1 data cache is 8-way set associative.
The next two slides show how hit rate improves with set associativity. Keep in mind that things like hit rate are highly particular — different applications will have different hit rates.
Why CPU Caches Keep Getting Larger
So why add continually larger caches in the first place? Because each additional memory pool pushes back the need to access main memory and can improve performance in specific cases.
This chart from Anandtech's Haswell review is useful because it illustrates the performance impact of adding a huge (128MB) L4 cache as well as the conventional L1/L2/L3 structures. Each stair step represents a new level of cache. The red line is the chip with an L4 — note that for large file sizes, it's still almost twice as fast as the other two Intel chips.
It might seem logical, then, to devote huge amounts of on-die resources to cache — but it turns out there's a diminishing marginal return to doing so. Larger caches are both slower and more expensive. At six transistors per bit of SRAM (6T), cache is also expensive (in terms of die size, and therefore dollar cost). Past a certain point, it makes more sense to spend the chip's power budget and transistor count on more execution units, better branch prediction, or additional cores. At the top of the story, you can see an image of the Pentium M (Centrino/Dothan) chip; the entire left side of the die is dedicated to a massive L2 cache. This was the case in the last days of single-threaded CPUs, now that we have multi-core chips and GPU's on-die in many cases, a smaller percentage of the overall CPU is dedicated to cache.
How Cache Design Impacts Performance
The performance impact of adding a CPU cache is directly related to its efficiency or hit rate; repeated cache misses can have a catastrophic impact on CPU performance. The following example is vastly simplified but should serve to illustrate the point.
Imagine that a CPU has to load data from the L1 cache 100 times in a row. The L1 cache has a 1ns access latency and a 100 percent hit rate. It, therefore, takes our CPU 100 nanoseconds to perform this operation.
Haswell-E die shot (click to zoom in). The repetitive structures in the middle of the chip are 20MB of shared L3 cache.
Now, assume the cache has a 99 percent hit rate, but the data the CPU actually needs for its 100th access is sitting in L2, with a 10-cycle (10ns) access latency. That means it takes the CPU 99 nanoseconds to perform the first 99 reads and 10 nanoseconds to perform the 100th. A 1 percent reduction in hit rate has just slowed the CPU down by 10 percent.
In the real world, an L1 cache typically has a hit rate between 95 and 97 percent, but the performance impact of those two values in our simple example isn't 2 percent — it's 14 percent. Keep in mind, we're assuming the missed data is always sitting in the L2 cache. If the data has been evicted from the cache and is sitting in main memory, with an access latency of 80-120ns, the performance difference between a 95 and 97 percent hit rate could nearly double the total time needed to execute the code.
Back when AMD's Bulldozer family was compared with Intel's processors, the topic of cache design and performance impact came up a great deal. It's not clear how much of Bulldozer's lackluster performance could be blamed on its relatively slow cache subsystem — in addition to having relatively high latencies, the Bulldozer family also suffered from a high amount of cache contention. Each Bulldozer/Piledriver/Steamroller module shared its L1 instruction cache, as shown below:
A cache is contended when two different threads are writing and overwriting data in the same memory space. It hurts the performance of both threads — each core is forced to spend time writing its own preferred data into the L1, only for the other core promptly overwrite that information. AMD'S OLDER Steamroller still gets whacked by this problem, even though AMD increased the L1 code cache to 96KB and made it three-way associative instead of two. Later Ryzen CPUs do not share cache in this fashion and do not suffer from this problem.
Image by Anandtech
This graph shows how the hit rate of the Opteron 6276 (an original Bulldozer processor) dropped off when both cores were active, in at least some tests. Clearly, however, cache contention isn't the only problem — the 6276 historically struggled to outperform the 6174 even when both processors had equal hit rates.
Zen 2 does not have these kinds of weaknesses today, and the overall cache and memory performance of Zen and Zen 2 is much better than the older Piledriver architecture.
Modern CPUs also often have a very small "L0" cache, which is often just a few KB in size and is used for storing micro-ops. AMD and Intel both use this kind of cache; Zen had a 2,048 µOP cache, while Zen 2 has a 4,096 µOP cache. These tiny cache pools operate under the same general principles as L1 and L2, but represent an even-smaller pool of memory that the CPU can access at even lower latencies than L1. Often companies will adjust these capabilities against each other. Zen 1 and Zen+ (Ryzen 1xxx, 2xxx, 3xxx APUs) have a 64KB L1 instruction cache that's 4-way set associative and a 2,048 µOP L0 cache. Zen 2 (Ryzen 3xxx desktop CPUs, Ryzen Mobile 4xxx) has a 32KB L1 instruction cache that's 8-way set associative and a 4,096 µOP cache. Doubling the set associativity and the size of the µOP cache allowed AMD to cut the size of the L1 cache in half. These kinds of trade-offs are common in CPU designs.
Caching Out
Cache structure and design are still being fine-tuned as researchers look for ways to squeeze higher performance out of smaller caches. So far, manufacturers like Intel and AMD haven't dramatically pushed for larger caches or taken designs all the way out to an L4 yet. There are some Intel CPUs with onboard EDRAM that have what amounts to an L4 cache, but this approach is unusual. That's why we used the Haswell example above, even though that CPU is older. Presumably, the benefits of a large L4 cache do not yet outweigh the costs for most use-cases.
Regardless, cache design, power consumption, and performance will be critical to the performance of future processors, and substantive improvements to current designs could boost the status of whichever company can implement them.
The Worst CPUs Ever Built
Happy 40th Anniversary to the Original Intel 8086
The Myths of Moore's Law
Also check out our ExtremeTech Explains series for more in-depth coverage of today's hottest tech topics.
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Campaign Remastered brings the series' confounding pinnacle into brilliant focus
OnePlus Announces 5G-Equipped OnePlus 8 and OnePlus 8 Pro
Intel Forced to Suspend Sales to Inspur, China's Largest AI and Server Vendor
Intel's Alder Lake May Ship in a Wide Range of Confusing Configurations
Amazon Launches a Killer ARM Server Chip With the Graviton2
Yakuza Kiwami 2 and Grounded lead a busy few weeks for Xbox...
Horizon Zero Dawn's PC port is deeply disappointing
The Double-A Team: Steamworld Heist is all about the hats
Get Cities: Skylines and loads of DLC for just £15 at Humble
Five of the Best: Health pick-ups
Dataminers are knocking on The Red Door
League of Legends card game Legends of Runeterra launches end of April
My friend and his Pokémon save file
Quirky driving game Mad Cars for iOS and Android is out today
EA tackles FIFA 21 toxicity by pulling one of the most annoying...


text:
28 Do not remove an ancient boundary marker
which your ancestorsy made.
Or "fathers"
Proverbs 22:28 — The New International Version (NIV)
28 Do not move an ancient boundary stone
set up by your ancestors.
Proverbs 22:28 — English Standard Version (ESV)
28 Do not move the ancient landmark
that your fathers have set.
Proverbs 22:28 — King James Version (KJV 1900)
28 Remove not the ancient landmark,
Which thy fathers have set.
Proverbs 22:28 — New Living Translation (NLT)
28 Don't cheat your neighbor by moving the ancient boundary markers
set up by previous generations.
Proverbs 22:28 — The New King James Version (NKJV)
28 Do not remove the ancient landmark
Which your fathers have set.
Proverbs 22:28 — New Century Version (NCV)
28 Don't move an old stone that marks a border,
because those stones were set up by your ancestors.
Proverbs 22:28 — American Standard Version (ASV 1901)
Proverbs 22:28 — 1890 Darby Bible (DARBY)
28 Remove not the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set.
Proverbs 22:28 — GOD'S WORD Translation (GW)
28 Do not move an ancient boundary marker
that your ancestors set in place.
Proverbs 22:28 — The Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB)
28 Don't move an ancient boundary marker,
that your fathers set up.
Proverbs 22:28 — The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
that your ancestors set up.
Proverbs 22:28 — New International Reader's Version (NIrV)
28 Don't move old boundary stones
that your people set up long ago.
Proverbs 22:28 — New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (NASB95)
28 Do not move the ancient boundary


2-room apartment 32 m2, on the ground floor, east facing position. Living/dining room with 1 double sofabed (140 cm, length 190 cm). Exit to the terrace. 1 room with 2 beds (80 cm, length 190 cm). Exit to the terrace. Kitchenette (2 hot plates, oven, microwave, electric coffee machine) with TV. Shower/WC. Electric heating. Terrace 14 m2. Terrace furniture. Facilities: iron. Internet (WiFi, extra). Reserved parking. Please note: maximum 1 pet/ dog allowed. Smoke alarm.
Residence "Les Agathes Plus". In the district of la Roquille, 200 m from the sea. For shared use: garden (fenced), parking on the premises, public parking on the road. Shop, grocery 200 m. Golf course (27 hole) 2.5 km, tennis 1 km.


text:
Inspiring, Supporting,
& Empowering Women
Women + Wealth Gala
Edmonton Convention Centre
Calgary Telus Convention Centre
The 2022 International Women's Day Women + Wealth Galas are hosted by Women & Wealth Inc, a not-for-profit organization that holds events on International Women's Day to empower, inspire and support women across Canada who are, or are on their way to becoming, confident and passionate leaders of our businesses, organizations, governments, schools, and communities. Together, we seek to help close the gender gap and promote gender equality within our society.
Join us on March 4, 2022 at the Edmonton Convention Centre and March 5, 2022 at The Calgary Telus Convention Centre for the International Women's Day Women + Wealth Galas in support of the Canadian Women's Foundation.
This event is a powerful and empowering way for people to connect and celebrate International Women's Day together. The 2022 IWD Galas will not only include an incredible evening of inspiration and empowerment from our guest speakers who will share their story of success (the ups, downs and everything in between), but you and your guests will also enjoy a three-course meal, incredible Women's Day Gift Bag and access to the event Reception.
Carrie Doll
womenandwealthgala
REPEAT AFTER US ⬇: "I am a winner. I am ca
How do you stay organized (and productive) while w
If you've been following us for a while you've lik
Gratitude is SO important. Each bit of gratitude i
Tip for 2022: Get into the habit of asking yoursel
"MOVE different if you want DIFFERENT. Old keys wi
Home office goals. That's it. That's the caption.
Why are we called "Women + Wealth"? Let's talk ab
It's finally time to let go of that thing that is
Throwback. 🤩 Who was here at the Women + Wealth
"Finding yourself is not really how it works. Yo
Happy NYE! 🥂✨ What a year it's been! 😅 Whi
Subscribe to our mailing list to be kept up-to-date
on the latest event news and announcements.
Copyright © Women & Wealth Inc All Rights Reserved
Website designed by Connected Creative
Contact Us: (587)336-5836
Copyright © 2021 Women & Wealth Inc All Rights Reserved


Would you like to apply for a business license in Chino?
In order to do any business in the City of Chino, you must have a business license. This includes new businesses, existing businesses, businesses that bring deliveries into the city or even a home-based business. Before you apply for your business license, you must first contact the Planning Division of the Community Development Department to determine if the property where you propose to do business meets zoning and sign requirements. The Planning Division can be reached to discuss your business plans at (909) 591-9812.
What will be on the business license application?
Additionally, there is a series of questions regarding your business activities, whether you will be dealing with or producing any type of hazardous materials or chemicals, whether you will be selling alcoholic beverages, or dealing with any sexually-oriented entertainment or publications.
What are the costs you can expect to incur?
Your licensing fees will be ultimately determined by the Chino Business License Division at 13220 Central Avenue. There is a schedule of fees on the application outlining some of the fees that are associated with the licensure procedure. Depending on your business, you can expect to pay no less than $40.00 and no more than $1,250. Check with the Business License Division for a complete list and for the fees that you will be paying. Your fees will be due no later than thirty days after you open your business, late payments will add 10% per thirty days delinquent up to a penalty of 100%.
Who should you contact with additional questions?
You can call the Chino Business License Division at (909) 334-3263, or you can make a visit to the Chino Business License section at 13220 Central Ave., Chino, CA 91710. If you wish to visit the office in person, the office hours are from 7:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. You can send written correspondence to PO Box 667, Chino, CA 91708-0667.


text:
Clear, powerful sound with effortless wireless contol
Adding a great sounding set of desktop speakers to a WFH or gaming battlestation can pump more enjoyment to your favorite playlists or the latest AAA gaming titles. For me, music is a great productivity booster when I am writing. Combining the tried and true 2.1 speaker system with a wireless control dial and multiple connections, the Logitech Z407 takes desktop audio to the next level. Head below to watch the video and see all the details.
Opening up the box, the first thing we see is quick start instructions printed directly on the packaging. This is a neat way to let you know what's in the box and how to get everything set up.
As a 2.1 speaker system, the Z407 consists of two satellite speakers, a subwoofer, a wireless controller, and a 3.5mm cable. The two satellite speakers can either stand up or be placed on their sides to fit nicely under a monitor with the removable stands. I appreciate this design since I am still using the massively wide Dark Matter 49" display and the speakers fit perfectly under the screen.
Measuring at 9.45 x 9.21 x 7.09, the subwoofer is easy to find a home for under my desk. All of the inputs and outputs are also located on the back of the sub. From left to right, we have a micro-USB input, 3.5mm aux input, and outputs for the right and left satellite speakers.
Wireless Control Dial
One of the main features on the Logitech Z407 is the wireless control dial. With a range up to 65 feet, this grey puck can control the volume, play, pause and skip tracks, and dial in the bass level on the speakers. It's powered by two included AAA batteries. Press in the dial to play/pause, double press to skip tracks, triple to go back a track, and rotate it to adjust the volume. To change the bass level, press in the top for two seconds, until it makes a chime sound, and then use the dial to change the bass level. Without a visual representation for bass level, you just have to listen and get it to the desired level. There is an audible cue when the level is turned all the way down or up.
Logitech Z407: Video
On the bottom of the control dial are the battery compartment and buttons for Bluetooth and wired inputs. Pairing Bluetooth is simple by holding the Bluetooth button for a couple of seconds until the light on the dial starts flashing blue and the speakers play a chime to let you know it's in pairing mode.
While it doesn't come with a USB cable, I did most of my listening with a USB input from my PC. My computer quickly found the Logitech Z407 and it was effortless to start using. When connected by USB, adjusting the volume on the control dial changes the system audio on the computer for a nice seamless integration that, in my opinion, makes it simpler because I can dial in an exact number for different listening scenarios.
Logitech Z407: How does it sound?
With everything set up, I was instantly impressed with the sound coming out of the Logitech Z407. The satellites provide brilliant and clear highs and mids, while the down-firing, ported 20W subwoofer fills in the low end for a great, full sound thanks to the work of Logitech's DSP. Listening to pop and EDM tracks is a blast on the system.
At the same time, tracks with more detail like Hotel California – Live On MTV come through clear with impressive stereo separation. The crowd sounds spread out nicely throughout the track while the deep, resonate drums carry plenty of presence.
All in all, I've been very impressed with the sound coming out of the Logitech Z407. And with 40W RMS and up to 80W of peak power, there is plenty of room here to crank up the sound. In my, albeit short time testing at max volume, I didn't hear any distortion from any of the speakers.
Small inconvenience
While most of the experience has been top-notch, the chime sounds that play when the control dial enters bass adjustment mode or Bluetooth pairing mode always played extremely loud in my experience. They can be pretty jarring. I'd love for that to be toned down some, or even just represented with lighting from the control dial instead of the loud audio cue.
9to5Toys' Take
Overall, Logitech has delivered another great sounding, easy to use speaker system. Setup is a breeze, I love that it has a micro-USB input, and the wireless dial is effortless to use. The speakers sound full while still producing impressive clarity for the price point. At $80 for a 2.1 desktop speaker setup, I was a bit skeptical but all of my doubts were quickly squashed once I started playing music from the Logitech Z407. If you want to take it to the next level and listen to a 5.1 setup, check out our review of the Logitech Z606 system from last year.


text:
Freddie McSwain Jr.
Photo: IU Athletics
Freddie McSwain Jr. Biography
Freddie McSwain Jr. is a professional basketball player that played for Indiana University between 2016 and 2018. McSwain Jr. was known for his athletic ability despite being slightly undersized for his position. He was one of the most impressive offensive rebounders for the Hoosiers during his time at IU. McSwain played his first season with head coach Tom Crean and played under Archie Miller for his second year with the Hoosiers. Upon graduation, Freddie McSwain Jr. played in the National Basketball League Canada, where he won a title with the Moncton Magic. He currently plays for Botafogo Basketball in Brazil.
Name: Freddie McSwain Jr.
Position: Small Forward
Nationality: USA
Age: 28 years old
Hometown: Hinesville, Georgia
High School: Liberty County High School (Hinesville, Georgia)
AAU: Coastal Crew Rebels
Height: 6'6″ (198 cm)
Weight: 220 lb (100 kg)
Seasons: 2 (2016-2017, 2017-2018)
Jersey: #21
Current Team: Botafogo Basketball (BR)
NBA Draft: 2018 / Undrafted
Education: Degree in Liberal Studies
Social Media and Website
Twitter: @Mcswain_Jr21
Instagram: @freddie_mac
2015 All-Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference
2015 Region VI tournament Most Valuable Player
Freddie McSwain Jr. Seasons with the Hoosiers
2016-2017 Indiana Basketball Season
Tom Crean (9th Season)
18-16 (7-11 Big Ten)
11th Place Big Ten
🏅 NIT First Round
Archie Miller (1st Season)
16-15 (9-9 Big Ten)
7th Place Big Ten
Freddie McSwain Jr. Indiana University Statistics
2016-2017 31 1 251 8.1 32 58 0.552 0 3 0 20 32 0.625 35 42 77 2.5 41 1 4 0.1 23 3 10 84 2.7
2017-2018 31 8 453 14.6 45 101 0.446 0 1 0 40 70 0.571 60 80 140 4.5 59 1 16 0.5 28 18 10 130 4.2
Career 62 9 704 11.4 77 159 0.484 0 4 0 60 102 0.588 95 122 217 7 100 2 20 0.3 51 21 20 214 3.5
Freddie McSwain Jr. High School (Liberty County High School) and Junior College (Neosho Junior College) Career
Freddie McSwain Jr. did not play organized basketball until his junior year of high school. Late to get involved, he only played two seasons of basketball at Liberty County, but he still ended up average 16.5 points and 12.0 rebounds per game.
McSwain Jr. decided to go through the junior college route in order to help him get more exposure, which was a plan that worked very well for him. McSwain ended up playing two years at Neosho Country Community College in Kansas under coach Jeremy Cooms.
During his sophomore year at Neosho, he averaged 14.0 points and 8.4 rebounds. The team went to the junior college national tournament for the first time in program history with a 30-6 record. McSwain Jr. averaged 13.3 points and 12.0 rebounds, earning him Region VI tournament MVP honors. He was also named the All-Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference honors and First Team All-Region.
After two years at Neosho, Freddie McSwain Jr. received attention for high major Division-1 programs and ultimately selected Indiana over Kansas State in April 2016.
Freddie McSwain Jr. Indiana University Basketball Career
Now as a junior, Freddie McSwain Jr. played in 31 games under Indiana head coach Tom Crean. He had a single start in the season, which was against Indiana's rival Purdue University.
McSwain brought a level of athleticism for the Hoosiers in addition to a strong, assertive frame. He was often asked if he had considered playing football as a tight-end due to his body and strength.
During McSwain's senior year, he also played in all 31 games under new Indiana head coach Archie Miller. On the season, McSwain finished with averages of 4.2 points and 4.5 rebounds per game. Two notable moments in his senior year season included a skying dunk against Duke in the Big Ten-ACC Challenge, as well as tallying a total of 16 rebounds against No. 5 Michigan State, 9 of which were offensive rebounds.
Freddie McSwain Jr. Professional Career
Upon graduating from Indiana University, Freddie McSwain Jr. briefly played in the NBA G-League for the Canton Charge, but ultimately the league would not work for him. Instead, he elected to play professionally within North America in the National Basketball League Canada (NBLC). He signed a deal to play for the Moncton Magic.
McSwain played 34 games for the Magic at the power forward position. During that time, he averaged 8.5 points per game and 5.6 rebounds per game. During his lone season with the Magic, he was a key piece for a team that would be the eventual NBLC champions.
Photo: Moncton Magic
In September of 2019, McSwain Jr. signed with Botafogo Basquete, a Brazilian professional basketball team under the multi-sport organization of Botafogo F.R. The team competes in the NBB, which is the top professional basketball league in Brazil.
Freddie McSwain Jr. Highlights and Other Videos
Check out the rich history of Indiana Hoosiers basketball!
Every week, we are publishing new articles on former and current Indiana University basketball legends, historical figures, and other IU history. Our goal is to capture the history of the Hoosiers all in one place. Click here to see our current collection of articles on Indiana basketball tradition.
Have a favorite Indiana Hoosier basketball player, coach, or event?
Help grow the Hoosier basketball history books by being a contributor to one of our IU athletics history pages! IndianaHQ is always looking for writers of all ages and experience levels. If you think you have what it takes, drop us an email here or send us a tweet!
Contributor: Rob Jiang


Ace 29-0-2 Weed and Feed For Southern 32 lb. 10000 sq. ft.
Southern Weed & Feed kills weeds and feeds your lawn in one easy step. This product kills dollarweed and over 30 other weed types as listed, and contains 50% slow-release nitrogen for extended feeding up to 8 weeks. Apply when weeds are actively growing. No lawn burn...guaranteed! Carries the Ace Promise satisfaction guarantee.
Kills dandelions, chickweed, white clover and most other common broadleaf weeds.


text:
Michael Steele on Principles & Values
Republican challenger, Lt. Gov.
Vote against Republicans who oppose conservative principles
We must support Republican officials who assert conservative principles. And when they compromise on policy, we need to ensure these are tactical compromises and not departures from principle. But when elected Republicans vote against Republican principles, the voters must withhold their support--withhold it vigorously and consistently.
The responsibility of Republican voters is to elect principled Republicans and hold them accountable. Our party's accommodationism--call it "Democrat-lite Republicanism"--paved the way for the attempt at a full-blown liberal restoration we're seeing today. After all, why vote for faux Democrats when you can have the real thing in the form of Pelosi, Reid, and Obama?
Two decades after the Reagan triumph, is that really the best we can do? Hell no. Source: Right Now, by Michael Steele, p. 31 , Jan 4, 2010
Reach minorities by demonstrating concern for their issues
There is no magic formula, no secret potion or handshake that will make you or the conservative movement more attractive, let alone acceptable, to minority communities.
The greatest opportunity for success lies not in convincing people we don't bite, but rather in our ability to demonstrate our genuine concerns for the scourge of drugs and crime gripping our states; for the reach of a government that increasingly inserts itself into our lives; for the family struggling to live paycheck to paycheck; for the continual erosion of our constitutional rights; for the corruption of our school system; and for the weakening of our families and the taking of human life--born and unborn. Source: Right Now, by Michael Steele, p.194 , Jan 4, 2010
Proud to be a Republican and not running away from the party
Everybody in the world knows I'm a Republican. [So the question is,] what are you going to do as a senator? And part of what I've seen in Washington is exactly what's represented here today. Old Washington, old ways, an old mind-set that polarizes, that wants to say, you know, "When we take control." You know, how about the country? How about the interest of the country? How about we creating a bipartisan - what I did not hear on the Iraq subject, for example, is a move towards a bipartisan consensus. Source: 2006 Maryland Senate debate on Meet the Press , Oct 29, 2006
Campaigns are about the man, not just about the issues
Q: You said this campaign really isn't that much about the issues, and that your personal view on abortion is moot. If not the issues, what then?
STEELE: I'm not discounting the issues, they're clearly important. But it's not JUST about the issues; it's also about the man--their personal journey and their story, and how they arrive at decisions. I look at the totality of what we're talking about for the next 6 years. You want to get a sense of who I am and what I stand for. Source: MD 2006 3-way Senate Debate on NewsChannel 8 , Oct 25, 2006
For Cardin to call himself a change agent is laughable
Q: Is the most important thing who holds the gavel in Congress?
CARDIN: Yes. We need to change the agenda-setters. I stood up for change in Washington. I took on the President when he was wrong. I've worked across party lines. But we need to change the direction.
STEELE: For Ben Cardin to say he's a change agent is laughable. He's been in Congress for 20 years. To all of a sudden say you're interested in change is just not believable. Where's the voice been? Where's the voice on transportation, on health care? These voices I have not heard. Now to say that you're for changing the system, when you've been part of the system that gave us these problems, is laughable.
CARDIN: I'm proud of my record in Congress. Proud of the changes I've made in Medicare & the retirement system.
ZEESE: I think both of you are right. You're both selected by your party leadership. You're both in bed with the special interests. And you're both not going to bring change to Washington. The voters need to know that. Source: MD 2006 3-way Senate Debate (X-ref Cardin) , Oct 25, 2006
Cardin was hand-selected by Rep. Steny Hoyer
CARDIN: The Lt. Governor was recruited by George Bush, and Bush helped finance his campaign for Senate. The Lt Gov agrees with Bush's agenda. That's not the type of change we need in Washington.
STEELE: The Congressman has been running against George Bush for a year, but Bush is not here. You talk about hand-picked-you were hand-picked by Congressman Steny Hoyer to get in this race. If not for Hoyer, Kweise Mfume would be sitting here. He was the first to enter this race, and he stuck his neck out. You've been shepherded around the state by Steny Hoyer. When you talk about who's hand-picked, not me, friend, you.
CARDIN: You're the one who identifies with George Bush. You brought Bush into Maryland to raise a half-million. You're the one who supports his agenda.
STEELE: Stop running against George Bush. Run against me and my record as Lt. Gov.
CARDIN: I won a competitive primary and Kweise Mfume is supporting me for the US Senate, because he knows I'll bring change to Washington. Source: MD 2006 3-way Senate Debate (X-ref Cardin) , Oct 25, 2006
Knew difference between having dollars & having values
My mother grew up the daughter of sharecroppers. She had to quit school in the 5th grade to work on a farm. She married a man who died of alcoholism at an early age leaving her to raise her son alone. She later married my step-dad, who willingly took on the responsibilities of family.
My mom worked 45 years in a Laundromat making minimum wage and still managed to put her kids through parochial school. She never took a penny of public assistance because as she put it, she didn't want the government raising her kids.
She knew the value of a dollar; and by that I mean, she knew the difference between just having dollars and having values. For her, there was value in raising a family and believing she could offer something more for her children.
You could say that the Turner household was a rich home. Rich beyond our bank account. It was rich in character. Rich in ambition and drive. And rich in turning hope into action. Because of her, I have a relentless drive to turn hope into action. Source: Candidacy announcement speech in Largo MD , Oct 25, 2005
Independent-minded bridge between two parties
Just listen to what the evening news tells us... Red states must be red. Blue states must be blue. Black always black and white always white. It may look that way to Washington... But I know that is not the view from main street Maryland.
For too long, one party worried more about prices in the stock market than prices in the corner market... And too many in the other party preached reconciliation at the same time they practiced division.
The gap between Washington and our families is real. The disconnect between elected leadership and the people is real. The need for a new bridge is real.
A bridge that not only brings both parties together but more importantly, brings both parties closer to all of us. I am going to the United States Senate to be that bridge. I believe Maryland is ready for an independent minded United States Senator. A Senator who has walked a different path. Source: Candidacy announcement speech in Largo MD , Oct 25, 2005
Empower people, instead of empowering government
It is right that good people rise up and say... enough with the political games... enough with sound-bites in place of solutions... enough with the same old status quo.
It is time to heal our divisions. It is time to empower people, instead of empowering government. It is time to change the culture of our nation's capital. And that's why I am certain it is time for me to run for the United States Senate. Source: Candidacy announcement speech in Largo MD , Oct 25, 2005
Studied for priesthood and briefly took vows at a monastery
Q: What did you do after graduating?
A: When I graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1981, I entered the monastery to study for the priesthood.
Q: An Augustinian monastery--where?
A: Villanova. Spent about a year at Villanova, taught at one of our Augustinian high schools. And did my novitiate up in Lawrence, MA, and working with the Hispanic community there and studying theology. And I left the order right before I was to take several vows.
Q: Why did you get into it in the first place?
A: It was something I was called to do. I look back on it now and see it as a period of preparation - for what, at the time, I didn't know. Part of that process is figuring out, do I serve the community and God in a religious habit, or do I serve Him in a business suit? But I think my time in the monastery really prepared me for the rigors of politics and the rough-and-tumble of trying to effect policy and create change in our stagnant, moribund system that we had in Maryland. Source: Interview by Brian Lamb on C-Span's Q&A , Feb 27, 2005
Suffered thrown Oreos during Lt. Gov. race
Q: Let me read from the Baltimore Sun: "Mr. Ehrlich's running mate, state GOP chairman Michael Steele, brings little to the team but the color of his skin." What was your reaction when you read that?
A: It was just pure ignorance. It's something I had to put up with countless times - to have a state Democratic leadership senate president call me an Uncle Tom, a member of Congress from Maryland calling me a token.
Q: Who called you an Oreo?
A: They didn't call me an Oreo. At the debate, the partisans on the other side threw Oreo cookies at my feet as I was walking out of the building, as a symbol that I'm black on the outside, white on the inside. What was disturbing about that was, it put a blemish mark on the university - Morgan State University - because it wasn't the African-American students. It was some union folks that the Kennedy Townsend campaign had brought into the state. And they thought it was cute. But it was, again, showing a high level of ignorance and racism. Source: Interview by Brian Lamb on C-Span's Q&A , Feb 27, 2005
Click here for definitions & background information on Principles & Values.
Click here for a Wikipedia profile of Michael Steele.
Click here for a Ballotpedia profile of Michael Steele.
Click here for SenateMatch quiz answers by Michael Steele.
Click here for AmericansElect quiz answers by Michael Steele.
Click here for MyOcracy quiz answers by Michael Steele.
Click here for Huffington Post quiz answers by Michael Steele.
Click here for a summary of Michael Steele's positions on all issues.
Click here for issue statements from MD archives.
Other candidates on Principles & Values: Michael Steele on other issues:
Alec Ross
Richard Madaleno
Robert Ehrlich
MD Archives
WI:Kohl(D) Senate races 2017-8:
AL:	Strange(R) ; no opponent yet
AZ:	Flake(R) vs.	Ward(R)
CA:	Feinstein(D) vs.	Eisen(D) vs.	Sanchez?(D) vs.	Garcetti?(D)
CT:	Murphy(D) ; no opponent yet
DE:	Carper(D) vs.	Biden?(D) vs.	Markell?(D)
FL:	Nelson(D) vs.	DeSantis(R) vs.	Jolly(R) vs.	Lopez-Cantera(R)
HI:	Hirono(D) ; no opponent yet
IN:	Donnelly(D) vs.	Hurt(R)
MA:	Warren(D) vs.	Ayyadurai(R)
MD:	Cardin(D) ; no opponent yet
ME:	King(I) vs.	LePage?(R)
MI:	Stabenow(D) vs.	Bouchard?(R)
MN:	Klobuchar(D) vs.	Paulsen?(R)
MO:	McCaskill(D) vs.	Kinder?(R)
MS:	Wicker(R) vs.	McDaniel?(R)
MT:	Tester(D) vs.	Racicot?(R)
ND:	Heitkamp(D) vs.	Becker?(R)
NE:	Fischer(R) ; no opponent yet
NJ:	Menendez(D) vs.	Chiesa(R) vs.	Codey?(D) vs.	Chiesa?(R)
NM:	Heinrich(D) vs.	Sanchez(R)
NV:	Heller(R) vs.	Sandoval?(R)
NY:	Gillibrand(D) vs.	Kennedy?(D)
OH:	Brown(D) vs.	Mandel(R)
PA:	Casey(D) vs.	Saccone(R)
RI:	Whitehouse(D) ; no opponent yet
TN:	Corker(R) vs.	Crim(I)
TX:	Cruz(R) vs.	Bush?(R)
UT:	Hatch(R) vs.	McMullin?(R) vs.	Romney?(R)
VT:	Sanders(I) vs.	Giordano(D)
VA:	Kaine(D) vs.	Cuccinelli?(R) vs.	Fiorina?(R)
WA:	Cantwell(D) ; no opponent yet
WV:	Manchin(D) vs.	Raese(R) vs.	Goodwin?(R)
WI:	Baldwin(D) vs.	Grothman?(R) vs.	Gallagher?(R)
WY:	Barrasso(R) ; no opponent yet Abortion


text:
The American Independent
Home National FBI Director James Comey laughably testifies he would never publicly comment on...
Progressive journalism is under attack. Please help us fight back!
(AP Photo/Cliff Owen)
Get The American Independent in your inbox
FBI Director James Comey laughably testifies he would never publicly comment on an investigation
Tommy Christopher
At a hearing on Russia's involvement in criminal cyberattacks that tilted the presidential election in President-elect Donald Trump's favor, FBI Director James Comey made a jaw-dropping — and rather late — display of discretion when he refused to reveal whether the FBI is investigating reports of collusion between the Russian government and intermediaries for Trump.
Anyone who followed the last weeks of the presidential campaign that saw now-President-elect Donald Trump badly beaten in the popular vote and eking out a 70,000-vote margin in key states knows that any undue interference would have been enough to swing the election in Trump's favor.
There were two major things that have been cited as having an undue influence on the election, especially in its final days. One was the Russian cyberattacks, and the other was Comey's intrusion on the election with a letter to Congress that improperly reopened the email story without justification. Those elements combined in a moment of excruciating irony Tuesday.
At a hearing on Russia's criminal cyberattacks, Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) asked FBI Director James Comey if the FBI is investigating reports that the Russian government had direct contact with Trump associates prior to the election, and if such an investigation would be made public before Trump's inauguration.
Comey's response would be laughable, if it were not so painful (emphasis mine):
WYDEN: Mr. Comey, after the election, as you know, the foreign minister, the Russian foreign minister was quoted in various news reports saying that the Russians had had contacts with people associated with the Trump campaign. Now, that may or may not be true. There is, however, extensive press reporting on relationships between the Russians and the individuals associated with both the Trump campaign and the incoming administration. My question for you, Director Comey, is, has the FBI investigated these reported relationships? And if so, what are the agencies findings?
COMEY: Thank you, Senator. I would never comment on investigations, whether we have one or not, in an open forum like this. So I really can't answer it one way or another.
WYDEN: Will you provide an unclassified response to these questions and release it to the American people prior to January 20th?
COMEY: I'm sorry, you said will I?
WYDEN: Yes, will you provide an unclassified response to the question I've asked, and as I've said, it's been reported widely, it's on the Reuters news service, widely reported. Will you provide an unclassified response to question I asked and release it to the American people prior to January 20?
COMEY: Sir, I'll answer any question you ask. But the answer will likely be the same as I just gave you. I can't talk about it.
WYDEN: I will tell you, I think the American people have a right to know this. And if there is delay in declassifying this information and relating it to the American people, releasing it to the American people, and it doesn't happen before January 20th, I'm not sure it's going to happen. And that's why I'm troubled, and I hope that you will make a declassified statement with respect to the questions I've asked.
Comey, of course, did take the unprecedented and outrageous action of commenting on the Hillary Clinton email investigation after she had been completely cleared, reopening the issue in the closing days of the campaign despite a complete lack of justification to do so.
And he also took the outrageous and unprecedented action of holding a lengthy press conference to excoriate Clinton, without presenting any evidence, while announcing his decision not to file charges.
Now that he, along with the Russians, helped deliver the election to Donald Trump, it is galling to see him suddenly invoke the kind of discretion he never seemed concerned with when it was appropriate, and which now serves only to protect that ill-gotten and disastrous result.
Previous articleNancy Pelosi shames Republicans for indifference to election interference
Next articleIntel Chiefs: Trump may be compromised by Russia
Former White House correspondent and politics reporter for AOL, The Daily Banter, and Mediaite, and a longtime liberal journalist and commentator. Follow Tommy on Twitter @Tommyxtopher.
GOP senator hides from constituents for 791 days straight
Kellyanne Conway says impeaching Trump not part of MLK's 'vision'
GOP is working to block voters in Texas, Ohio, and more ahead of 2020
Trump spent week lying about trade, immigration, the military, impeachment, and more
GOP state lawmaker wants to let cops detain anyone they think might commit a crime
Kellyanne Conway wants you to think Trump impeachment is 'abuse of the Constitution'
Trump Russia adviser escorted off White House grounds amid security probe
2020 Democratic candidates march together in honor of MLK Day
Republicans may rush impeachment trial to clear Trump before State of the Union
National Dan Desai Martin - January 20, 2020
National Josh Israel - January 20, 2020
How the Senate impeachment trial might affect the Democratic primary
Elections Associated Press - January 20, 2020
National Associated Press - January 20, 2020
The American Independent is the No. 1 digital platform for progressive news, reaching millions of people each month. We strive to report with honesty and integrity, shining a light on those in power and the progressive politics movement.
Collins rejects new evidence in Trump trial after saying she'd welcome...
National January 15, 2020
Rand Paul threatens to hurt GOP senators who vote for witnesses...
Devin Nunes now admits to phone call with indicted Giuliani aide
Grassroots189
© 2019 True Blue Media LLC


07 Event Group is a coalition of the Indian Wedding industry's most experienced and talented Pakistani and Indian DJs, MCs, and Entertainers in the United States. We are based out of NY / NJ / PA / CT / DE / DC / VA / MD / FL / CA / NYC and have performed at the most elite weddings throughout the United States and abroad. Our collective experience is unmatchable, with an event count in the thousands through a diverse set of events ranging from grand, luxury Indian weddings to intimate private party gatherings. We are fully trained and versatile enough to read any type of crowd with a wide variety of music ranging from Top 40 / Hip Hop / Reggae / Latin to Hindi / Bollywood / Punjabi / Gujarati. Our events have been featured in Maharani Weddings, South Asian Bride, as well as other popular South Asian / Indian wedding planning resources.


text:
To see why Amtrak's losses mount, hop on the Empire Builder train
By Ernest Scheyder
ABOARD THE EMPIRE BUILDER (Reuters) - Its passengers are mostly silver-haired retirees, oil-field workers and a few young families gazing out the windows of Amtrak's least-profitable and third-longest line, rumbling from Chicago through eight states and on to the American West Coast.
As the Empire Builder snakes along 2,230 miles (3,590 km) on a 46-hour journey, it offers insights into the financial problems plaguing America's passenger railroad at a time of intensifying scrutiny over its aging infrastructure and safety record.
Following Amtrak's May 12 fatal derailment in Philadelphia, the 86-year-old line sums up its problems — and its promise. Running most of its length near no major highways, the Empire Builder reaches into some of America's most rugged, remote and rural regions. A coach ticket between Spokane, Washington and Williston, capital of North Dakota's oil boom, costs $111, much cheaper than flying.
Its supporters include both Republican and Democrat politicians, illustrating how the often-vicious partisan rancor over Amtrak in Washington evaporates in sparsely populated areas of the country that need it most.
And like many of Amtrak's long-distance routes, it's growing.
The shale boom has helped swell passenger numbers, which are up 28 percent between 1997 and 2014.
The increase comes from workers like John Dirby, who rides the Empire Builder from his Montana home to North Dakota's oil fields, where he works as a truck driver, a 10-hour trip. It's longer than by car but worth it, he says. "I spend tons of time for that job driving already. Why would I want to add on more time behind a wheel?"
But the demand isn't enough to make it financially viable: the service lost $34.8 million between October and March, more than the same period in the previous fiscal year when it lost $31.9 million.
Many seats remain empty. When a Reuters reporter traveled from St. Paul, Minnesota to Williston, several sleeper cars were vacant at various intervals. In the coach cabin each passenger had at least a two-person seat to themselves for most of the trip.
Passengers sit in the upper deck of a lounge car on Amtrak's Empire Builder, part of the American rail network's most-expensive and third-longest line, as it travels between Minneapolis and Williston, North Dakota, in this picture taken May 20, 2015. REUTERS/Ernest Scheyder
To pay for its money-losing routes, Amtrak peels funds away from its profitable ones such as the Northeast Corridor, where its high-speed Acela and Northeast Regional trains saw a combined $484.7 million profit in its last fiscal year.
That's stoking debate over the future of Amtrak and how far Washington should foot the bill for upgrades to aging infrastructure and safety technology at the federal railroad that has bled red ink since its 1971 creation. Of its 48 lines, only five make a profit and one breaks even.
Democrats have called for $1 billion in additional funding for Amtrak. Chuck Schumer, a Democratic Senator from New York, says such investments could have prevented the Philadelphia accident, citing Amtrak's failure to install Positive Train Control on the sharp bend where the train derailed. The mechanism, federal safety officials say, would have automatically slowed the speeding train.
Many Republicans, backed by conservative groups including Club for Growth, say the federal passenger rail authorization spending of $7.2 billion over four years is already too much. The Republican-controlled House Appropriations Committee voted on May 13, a day after the crash, to approve a $1.14 billion Amtrak budget for next fiscal year, a $252 million cut from this year.
John Mica, a Republican in the House, urged privatization for Amtrak as a solution to what he called a "third-world rail system ... run in a Soviet-style operation."
Caught in the middle are heartland politicians, including some Republicans, who want to preserve Amtrak services to their remote towns, along with an eclectic mix of passengers.
"If one can afford the time, this is a fun, carefree way to travel," said Mary Firestine, 60, who took the Empire Builder's entire route from Chicago to connect with a ferry in Seattle en route to an Alaskan job.
TENSIONS
The push to roll back Amtrak funding has laid bare tensions between Washington's Republican establishment and North Dakota's Republican-dominated Congressional delegation, a fight that echoes tensions elsewhere in the country.
"I will fight to at least maintain current funding for Amtrak," Representative Kevin Cramer, North Dakota's Republican congressman, said in an interview. "Clearly the role of Amtrak in North Dakota has changed from one of convenience and local economic development to an essential form of transportation for a workforce highly in demand."
Other long-distance routes are also growing, while losing millions of dollars. The Southwest Chief, from Chicago to Los Angeles, recorded a 10.5 percent increase in ridership in the year to March, a period when it lost $30 million. The number of passengers on the Sunset Ltd, from Louisiana to California, rose 14.5 percent while it lost $18.1 million, according to Amtrak data.
Eighteen states contribute funds to Amtrak, including nine led by Republican governors.
"All of the rhetoric over Amtrak that exists in D.C. simply does not exist outside D.C.," said Robert Puentes, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution who specializes in transportation and infrastructure. "It's a completely different conversation."
In total, long-distance routes carry about 14.6 percent of Amtrak's passengers but soak up about 41 percent of the costs.
Those who board the Empire Builder have noticed some cost-cutting recently, including the loss of a free wine tasting program the rail network discontinued after Amtrak's inspector general in 2013 called the practice too expensive.
"I miss the wine and cheese nights," Theo Anderson, a retired banker from Seattle, said over a plate of eggs in the train's dining car as the North Dakota prairie retreated behind him. "I guess they're trying to save money."
Additional reporting by David Lawder in Washington. Editing by Jason Szep and Martin Howell


This year, to break from tradition we celebrated my mums birthday in London. Usually we do BBQ's back home, but this year dad and I decided to surprise her with a trip to a nice restaurant in London. Knowing my mum, and how much she loves Champagne - it had to be Bob Bob Ricard.
We had a table booked from 7pm, so rocked up just in time having started the celebrations already at Aqua, Argyll Street. We were seated straight away, and the first thing that caught our eye was the 'Press For Champagne' button. Has there ever been such an effective marketing tool? Seriously, you press the button and your table number lights up above the bar. Simple, and highly effective.
So, no sooner were we in, we were toasting the occasion and casting our eye over the decor. English and Russian opulence is the theme here, and it works.
The staff were really helpful and uber friendly (as you would expect) and our waitress totally complimented the occasion, helping answer our questions and indecision when it came time to order food. The menu at Bob Bob Ricard is simple food done really really well, so it hits the mark beautifully.
We ordered, Chicken, Mushroom and Champagne pie, (a far cry from the trusty M&S slice), which came with a crust so light and thin, it resembled the top of a creme brûlée; Panfried Seabass with Seared Scallop (yes there was only one scallop but it was big and delicious), and the Beef Onglet, cooked medium rare. We also ordered a range of sides; French Fries, Truffled Mashed Potatoes and Carrots and Parsnips.
Now I don't say this lightly, but this is one of the best meals I have ever had. The steak was so smooth it melted like butter and tantalised more senses on my tongue than I realised I had, the pie for my dad was perfect, filling but not bloating or over powering and the seabass and scallop were heavenly and soft to the taste. The big winner from the sides was the truffled mashed potatoes too, having not had this before we were all blown away and I think it's changed my thoughts on mashed potato all together - when you go truffled, you won't look back!
After the deliciousness of dinner, we were presented with the dessert menu, and after professing that he was full enough to not have dessert, dad promptly ordered the BBR Signature Chocolate Glory, mum decided she'd share it, and I opted for the Strawberry and Cream Souffle.
And the Strawberries and Cream souflee, so light and tasty - it was just divine, with its own pot of strawberry pouring cream which they poured straight in.
The waitress had also over-heard it was my mums birthday, so she brought over a surprise Passion Fruit Cheesecake, the expression on my mums face shows how special she felt and how it just topped off the evening perfectly.
It really was a memorable birthday, and although it's not cheap, it was a restaurant that turned a dining experience into a memory that will last a lifetime, how good the food, the experience and the company was - couldn't wish for anything more. Happy birthday mum!
Over thinking - Ain't Nobody Got Time For That!


text:
Q: Why is profile detail null in the home component I am trying to call profile api if detail is null to avoid api call on every route change every time user comes to home component api should only call if detail is not there and i am using route resolve so that the data gets loaded before the page is shown.
The console.log inside home component results in null while the console.log in auth service prints the correct profile data.
export class HomeComponent {
    activeRoute.data.subscribe((data: any)=> {
      this.userDetail = data.profileDetails;
      console.log(data);
    });
}

App Routing
path: '', component: HomeComponent, resolve: { profileDetails: ProfileDetailsResolverService }

Auth service
 getUserProfile() {
  if(!this.detail) {
    this.http.get(this.userProfileApi).subscribe((res: any)=>{
      console.log(res);
      this.detail = res.data;
      return this.detail;
      } else {
      return this.detail;
      }
   });
  }

profile resolver service
resolve(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot) {
      if(localStorage.getItem('access_token')){
      return this.auth.getUserProfile();
    }
  }

A: The getUserProfile should not subscribe. The angular route resolver handles this. The shareReplay(1) makes sure it does the http call once. The reason you are not getting a value in your component, is because nothing is returned from the getUserProfile:
AuthService:
userProfile$ = this.http.get(this.userProfileApi).pipe(
  map((res) => res.data),
  shareReplay(1)
);

getUserProfile() {
  return this.userProfile$;
}

And change your resolver to:
resolve() {
  if(localStorage.getItem('access_token')){
    return this.auth.getUserProfile();
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HomeNewsCharging
Overview Of Plug-In Electric Car Charging Infrastructure In The U.S. – Part 2
Overview Of Plug-In Electric Car Charging Infrastructure In The U.S. – Part 2 product 2016-04-21 18:07:20 https://insideevs.com/news/329999/overview-of-plug-in-electric-car-charging-infrastructure-in-the-us-part-2/ Charging, public charging, evse
Apr 21, 2016 at 2:07pm
By: John Higham
Chevy Bolt Charging
*Editor's Note: This is Part 2 in a two-part series on charging. Check out Part 1 here.
At age 18 I bought a new 1978 Honda CB-750F. The CB750 was the first four-cylinder motorcycle from a major manufacturer and was also the motorcycle that coined the term "superbike." The 1978 model year was the first year for the double-overhead cams four-valve layout and it had a top speed of 125 MPH. Mine was black and I had black leathers and helmet to match. It was the first "vehicle" I ever bought new and it was my ticket to freedom. I cherished it.
This anecdote may seem an incongruous start about EV infrastructure. Except that understanding the man-machine relationship is key to understanding why infrastructure is the gateway for EV adoption for the masses. Let me explain.
The 2% Problem
Long-time EV advocate Chelsea Sexton recently said that if car buying was a rational decision, we'd all be driving white Honda Civics. Car buying is an emotional decision; it's the used car salesmen's secret weapon.
Every EV advocate has tattooed on the inside of their eyelids the statistic that nearly 70% of US drivers can do more than 90% of their driving all-electric. Therein lies the problem; 90% is not 100%.
In one way or another car ownership means freedom to every single car owner in the world. The majority of the car buying public is not going to compromise that freedom and embrace electric mobility until they can be convinced that an EV will satisfy 100% of their driving needs 100% of the time. Not 90%, or 99% or even 99.99%. This statement about EV acceptance is simply a reflection of human nature and is supported by established trends about technology adoption.
Public Charging
Part 1 of this series detailed what I called the 98% problem; the statistic that demonstrates that EV drivers today mostly charge their cars mostly at home or work. Part 1 was an effort to demonstrate the need to focus on infrastructure at employment centers and multi-unit housing. The remaining 2% of charging is done with public infrastructure. In other words, charging infrastructure at home or work fulfills 90% of the needs for 70% of US drivers.
Yet the 2% problem is equally important to give potential buyers the confidence they need that an EV can satisfy 100% of their driving needs, to become the only vehicle they need and to give them the freedom to use their car any way they wish. One solution to the 2% problem are plug-in hybrids (PHEV). PHEVs are a gateway drug to pure battery electric (BEV) but there are only two PHEVs with any kind of range and one has been purposefully emasculated by the very agency that should be giving them away like candy. The 2% problem is really about cutting the hydrocarbon habit completely and giving the BEV the legs it needs to stand on its own.
Public Level 2, 2.0
I'm just going to get it out there. Free charging sucks and much of the public Level 2 charging infrastructure is wasted effort and opportunity. It's not that free couldn't work (cough, cough, Tesla Supercharging Network), but it isn't working anywhere else.
Rocklin Supercharger - Image Credit: Robert Huston
Free is an interesting economy. Sometimes a commodity is so ubiquitous that you can't give it away. (Ever walk past a drinking fountain without taking a drink?) But in other circumstances, that same commodity can have significant value. (Ever buy a bottle of water? What would you pay for a bottle of water if you were lost in the middle of Utah's Salt Flats in the middle of July?)
The problem with status quo free Level 2 (in, say, a mall parking lot) is when there is far more demand than supply. Charge rage is real and as has been noted, unless the location is willing to scale the supply with demand, it is better to have no EVSEs than it is to have too few. Until that blessed day that virtually every parking spot is wired, paying for access to charge your EV will make overcrowding and charge rage at public charging infrastructure go away overnight. Note that I said when you charge in public you are paying for access; you are not paying for energy.
Destination charging is a perfect example of "best practices" when it comes to placement of Level 2 charging infrastructure. Examples are hotels (think road trips), theme parks, zoos and anyplace you may stay for a few hours.
But when the Level 2 charging becomes the destination, that's messed up.
Thank God for companies like Chargepoint that placed Level 2 EVSEs in places like Whole Foods & Walgreens, because without them, the EV adoption rate would invariably be less than it is today. But as National Car Charging CEO Jim Burness recently reminded me, the general public will not behave the same way as early adopters have.
The best use for Level 2 is private homes, multi-unit dwellings, places of employment and destination charging.
In summary, public Level 2, 2.0 looks like this:
Multi-unit dwellings, places of employment
Destinations like hotels, theme parks
Charging cannot be a destination in and of itself
Paying for access will eliminate pressure on overused infrastructure and ensure that it is available for people who need it
Unless a location that is offering access to charging infrastructure is willing to scale as demand increases, it is better to have no infrastructure than not enough
Perhaps This One Works?
It's The Network, Stupid
The 2% problem isn't complete without a reliable network of DCFC along corridors. The vast majority of EV driving in and around population centers can be accomplished with Level 2 at home and work; but this does not give an EV the freedom to travel at will. To give the EV legs to stand on its own and give the car buying public confidence to embrace electric mobility means the freedom to take a road trip whenever and wherever one chooses. That means DC fast charging.
I could describe the attributes that make up the perfect DCFC network; it even already exists. Tesla's Supercharger network is everything that the "other" DCFC networks are not:
Well located along corridors
Available amenities like coffee, dining and restrooms
Multiple charging spots
Aside from Tesla's notable effort, all other DCFC locations are ad-hoc. There are multiple entities deploying them, and like your aunt who gave you socks for Christmas, they mean well. Unfortunately, well-meaning is not a synonym for effective. A sole DCFC in a side lot of a car dealership does not a network make. PlugInsights went so far as to say that failure to build a robust, top-down, planned network represses EV sales. The same report goes on to say that two-thirds of Model S owners said that the Supercharger network was extremely influential to their purchase decision.
DCFC = Freedom. And Not.
Nothing says range anxiety like passing the point of no return when the charger behind you is further away than the one in front of you, especially a charging location you've never visited and only read about on PlugShare. Anyone who has taken an all-electric roadtrip knows exactly what I mean. And chances are those same people can also describe the sinking pit of hopelessness when arriving at a DCFC that doesn't work or is otherwise occupied. Early adopters may suffer through this kind of despair inducing experience, but those further down the technology adoption curve will not.
The purposes of car ownership are as diverse as the people owning them. Nevertheless, every vehicle on the road serves to give freedom to its owner in one form or another. The masses will not embrace electric mobility until the EV can symbolize that same freedom that any other car can give. Surveying the current EV landscape it is easy to swoon to the promise of the Chevy Bolt, or start doing virtual high-fives over the 400,000 Model ≡ reservations. Nevertheless we must look forward, plan and take action and improve the state of the infrastructure -- not the grid, but the charging infrastructure itself. Until the vast majority of owners can reliably charge at home or work, and a robust, top-down, planned DCFC network is established, EVs will continue to exist only for the technologically adventurous.
public charging evse