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MiG-29 Fulcrum-tehnicka dokumentacija
Pad srpskog MiG-a 29 kod Jastrepca 1999. godine- pilot Predrag Milutinovic "Grof"
MyCity Military » Avioni » Izdvojeno: MiG-29 Fulcrum
MiG-29 Fulcrum
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sremac983
Neimar i savremeni farmer.
Gde živiš: U sremu voljenome...
јел то беше ово о МиГ-29ци у немачком РВ....леп текст о позитивним и негативним утисцима о МиГ-29 али извозној варијанти, не и руским...И то од пилота који је МНОГО, МНОГО летео на истиом авиону...
Био је квантни скок јер су интегрисали оно што нје пошло за руком западу и направише ракету која је тукла тај АИМ 9 по свим параметрима. И шта бива, сад сви праве такав систем, са сличном ракетом попут Р-73 која се и дан данас не боји западних конкурената иако је одавно ушла у трећу деценију употребе....
ах да текст....
http://www.16va.be/mig-29_experience.htm
Prema analizama iz probnih dogfight-ova iz 90-ih sa nemcima, gde je i dosta amera letelo i napravilo kvalifikacije za mig-29 pokazalo se da je i za korištenje te famozne r-73 sa tom kacigom previše, kako su naveli, "switching-a" po kokpitu u 29-ki, tj., previše treba sa rukom motati po kokpitu i prekidačima i komplikovano je održavati palicu za adekvatno manevrisanje ..ima previše komplikovan polumehanički trimer sa nekim oprugama itd.. i onda ti ni kaciga ni r-73 ne pomaže - tj. pomaže, ali kada bi piloti imali hiljade sati i dobro nastudiranu taktiku i brifing.. ovako je bilo dobro samo za GCI (lazur ili kako već se zvao..) protiv sporih bombardera..
zixo
Gde živiš: Beograd
1Ovo se svidja korisniku: sremac983
Али ипак су Немци доминирали и зато задржали МиГ-29 у наоружању. И поред свих мана авиона за које знамо.
Gde živiš: Gorod-geroй Moskva
fin ::Prema analizama iz probnih dogfight-ova iz 90-ih sa nemcima, gde je i dosta amera letelo i napravilo kvalifikacije za mig-29 pokazalo se da je i za korištenje te famozne r-73 sa tom kacigom previše, kako su naveli, "switching-a" po kokpitu u 29-ki, tj., previše treba sa rukom motati po kokpitu i prekidačima i komplikovano je održavati palicu za adekvatno manevrisanje ..ima previše komplikovan polumehanički trimer sa nekim oprugama itd.. i onda ti ni kaciga ni r-73 ne pomaže - tj. pomaže, ali kada bi piloti imali hiljade sati i dobro nastudiranu taktiku i brifing.. ovako je bilo dobro samo za GCI (lazur ili kako već se zvao..) protiv sporih bombardera..
Znaci analize su pravili ameri
Ajde da vidimo, mislim da ima ovde korsinika koji ovaj avion poznaju u dugme, da nam daju malo materijala da prostudiramo ovo.
Kako ide procedura upotrebe KOLS-a-nadslemne sisteme Ščelj3UM-R-73.
P.S.Vidim nemackim pilotima to cackanje po kokpitu nije previse smetalo da ih oderu u dogfajtu
ray ban11
2Ovo se svidja korisnicima: Mercury, sremac983
@fin
Treba samo 6 radnji ... nema tu mnogo mudrolije ... obrati paznju na ugao zahvata po azimutu .
http://www.mycity-military.com/slika.php?slika=139.....8%2096.jpg
Pazi ovaj poljski pilot vec ima spreman okular NSC ,u letu je nakon zahvata cilja radarom /jeste UB ali nema veze u ovom slucaju / ili KOLS potrebno jos samo malo posla da obavi da bi zapoceo BVB .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIyocPWuVYY
Uostalom da se NSC nije dobro pokazao ne bi se NATO-vci sad busali sa JHMCS i ostalim slicnim napravama .
Jeste pocelo je kod njih samo sto nije proslo ,lose im se sve to pokazalo .Bilo je odredjenih rezultata sa VTAS i to je sve .Izraelci su otisli najdalje pored Ruja kojima se sistem `Schelj-3UM` odlicno pokazao .
Kazes F-15 oborio 29 -ku u BVB ,oni nisu ni imali nameru da se priblize nasim 29-ma da bi se razvila BVB jer bi ishod takve borbe u vazduhu vrlo moguce unapred znao upravo zbog kombinacije R-37E i NSC.Razmisli sta znaci zahvatiti protivnickog lovca pod uglom od 60 ° ,dobiti `PR` i lansirati raketu koja pri tom ima TVC.
Losa tehnika ,losa taktika ponajpre i mora se priznati los nalet nasih hrabrih pilota -lovaca je bio presudan .Obarani su sa srednjih daljina i u vecini slucajeva sto rece Marko nisu ni znali sta ih snadje ( pogotovo pok. Milenko i Zoran ) .
Jedan od kolega je vec pisao kako su AIM-120 lansirane besomucno i u vecim plotunima ,izbeces jednu ,2 mozda ali ce te treca pogoditi .Neki su izbegavali vise njih ali je to bilo uslovljeno lasnsranjem AIM-120 sa velikih daljina.
Sve u svemu taj sistem je jako dobar i nije slucajno sto su Svabe svojevremeno pustale Amere da nakon 18 uzastoponih pobeda u sim .duelima sa F-16 malo `popuste` .
kada je u Nemačkoj leteo zadnji mig-29? Pre koliko godina je to bilo?
p.s. ..svakako ću potražiti info iz te knjige od tog pilota f-15.. naravno, samo za tebe (pošto te toliko aviacija zanima da si već u 7 ujutro tu na radnom mestu (i kod vojnovića) ). To sam već davno hteo da citiram ali je sad ovde nemam..
Nije samo Smiljanić pisao knjige i RTS pravio emisije, znaš..
Druga strana je "pobedila" i istina je da pobednici pišu šta god žele u knjigama ..ali ti konkretni oficiri su sada neki nebitni penzioneri a i tehnika od tada više nije ista i nema nekog razloga da ne verujemo i malo poredimo sa "našim" emisijama i knjigama ..baš zato mi je pao u oko jedan detalj oko aim-9..
Реј
не да је добар, него ко што си рекао сви га данас стављају као основну опрему на авиону, не додатну...
Какве то везе има што је у Немачкој МиГ-29 задњи пут летео 2004. године? Заменили су их ЕФ-2000. Ено данас исти ти МиГ-ови лете у Пољској.
ти исти лете и даље у пољском РВ....са неким мањим модификацијама на системима навигације....
Зна се због чега су их швабови избацили немогућнсот под један надогрдње и модернизације а под два, јер ипак имају они своје чедо а зове се ЕФ-2000....
Kolega ako nije problem da nadjes tu knjigu ili citat sta vec koji govori o toj pomenutoj BVB tj pilotu F-15 koji o tome prica ,naravno treba sagledati sta druga strana kaze i pise .Pa da se malo analizira i poredi .Mada mi to sad malo klimavo ,pominjanje AIM-9M nakon rezultata svih borbi i dejstava koji su pominjali AIM-120 ispaljeni od strane nekoliko F-15C i 2 F-16( AM i CJ ) .
Evo nesto sto nismo imali ( a bilo je dosta gradje o tome ) a tice se upravo svabskih iskustava sa 29 -ma tokom operativne upotrebe u Luftwaffe .
Ovo je nesto kao `druga strana medalje` .
Schlemming with the Fulcrums,F-16/MiG-29 Training in Italy
Article by Eric Hehs
Citat:Four Cyrillic letters adorn a toggle switch in the MiG-29 cockpit. The letters spell a word that sounds like schlemm. The switch activates a helmet-mounted sight system used to designate targets for one of the most formidable air-to-air missiles any USAF fighter pilot may ever face, and actually ever face-the AA-11 Archer.
The system allows pilots the MiG-29 to shoot the thrust-vectored Archer where their planes are not pointing. With a turn of the head, they can target opposing aircraft up to forty-five degrees off the nose of the MiG. When MiG-29 pilots of Germany's Jagdgeschwader 73 (Fighter Wing 73) use the helmet-mounted sight system in simulated engagements, they call it a schlemm shot . (Not surprising, schlemm means grand slam in German.)
Only a handful of USAF fighter pilots have ever been schlemmed. Those who have, though, consider themselves lucky. They have experienced what others have only read about or encountered in simulations. With experience comes credibility. And as of last May 1995, the most credible squadron when it comes to fighting the MiG-29 is the 510th Fighter Squadron from Aviano Air Base in northern Italy.
Most people associate Aviano with Deny Flight Operations over Bosnia. Many pilots of the 510th and its sister F-16 squadron, the 555th, have been flying over Bosnia from Aviano for most three years without much attention. Until recently, that is. These days, the squadrons fly these missions for two-month shifts every six months. The units spend two of the remaining four months training at Aviano and two months deployed. On one such deployment last year to Decimomannu Air Base on the southern tip of Sardinia, Capt. Will Sparrow of the 510th learned about an upcoming German MiG-29 visit to the island. The Fulcrums, he heard, were looking for aerial adversaries. "We were on the phone about thirty seconds later getting our name on the books to come back down here," Sparrow recalled.
A few months after that call, the 510th headed back to Sardinia with ten F-16s and an able support team for a four-week MiG-29 Fest. The JG 73 sent ten Fulcrums and fifteen air-to-air German F-4Fs. The pilots flew a variety of setups, from simple one F-16 flying basic fighter maneuvers against one MiG-29, to more complex encounters of four F-16s teamed against four MiG-29s. Two F-16s also flew against two MiG-29s and two F-4Fs. 'We called that two v two plus two," explained Sparrow. "The MiGs practice a lot of tactics with the F-4s to make use of the F-4's radar."
The more complex engagements were simultaneously monitored by ground controllers who used the air combat maneuvering instrumentation facilities at Decimomannu to guide the aerial combatants. The ACMI facilities were also used by the aircrews to review the engagements. "Decimomannu is a fantastic place to train," said Sparrow, who was in charge of the deployment for the 510th. "The base has an ACMI that can't be beat for debriefing. And they have a bombing range nearby at Cappa Frasca.
"I hope this deployment receives a lot of attention because it deserves a lot," Sparrow continued. "Not because we're here, but because we're learning about aircraft very similar to the German MiGs, aircraft that could cause us a lot of problems. As for what we expected before coming down here, we would get ten different answers from ten different pilots. We've heard a lot of things about the MiG-29. We all read the same stuff and get the same information. But we never really know what to believe. We now know they are a great adversary. They were everything I expected and more. Nothing can substitute for training like this. We go out and fight ourselves a lot and we try to make those encounters as realistic as possible. But this is the real thing. And these MiG pilots are really well trained."
Germany's MiG-29 unit is based at Laage Air Base near Rostock on the Baltic coast. Before German reunification in 1990, the aircraft flew for the former East Germany and the Warsaw Pact. After reunification, the Fulcrums became a test wing for the German Air Force. In 1993, the unit became an operational wing. Its twenty-four Fulcrums and twenty-eight pilots officially became a combined wing with an F-4 unit from Pferdsfeld Air Base in 1994. The unit formally maintains an alert role and polices the air over the five republics that comprise the former East Germany. Many of Germany's MiG-29 pilots are former F-4 pilots who were trained in the United States. These pilots volunteered to convert to the Fulcrum, which currently represents the most advanced fighter in the German Luftwaffe.
The JG-73 has also retained a number of former East German MiG-29 pilots who have had to tailor their knowledge of the airplane to fit western style tactics. Most of the Fulcrum pilots have fewer than 300 hours in the aircraft. Only a few have over 400 hours. No one in the unit, including former East German pilots, has over 500 hours in the MiG-29.
This was not the JG 73's first encounter with advanced western aircraft. The wing flew against Dutch F-16s at Decimomannu last year and against Spanish F-18s for two weeks in 1993. The Germans deploy to Sardinia because the ACMI facilities are there and because air-to-air combat training is restricted over the former East Germany, which covers Laage Air Base. The restriction, however, may be dropped later this year.
"The highlight of this deployment for me has been the BFM (basic fighter maneuvering, i.e., modern dogfighting) against a clean F-16C," explained Capt. Oliver Prunk, the operations officer for JG 73. "The F-16C performs significantly better in terms of power when compared with the F-16A. I was also pleased with the proficiency of the American pilots. They take their jobs very seriously. We try to be the best adversary we can. I think they were surprised with the performance of the MiG-29 and with what we can do with it."
The most impressive aspect of the Fulcrum's performance for the American pilots was its low-speed maneuverability. "In a low-speed fight, fighting the Fulcrum is similar to fighting an F-18 Hornet," explained Capt. Mike McCoy of the 510th. "But the Fulcrum has a thrust advantage over the Hornet. An F-18 can really crank its nose around if you get into a slow-speed fight, but it has to lose altitude to regain the energy, which allows us to get on top of them. The MiG has about the same nose authority at slow speeds, but it can regain energy much faster. Plus the MiG pilots have that forty-five-degree cone in front of them into which they can fire an Archer and eat you up."
The off-boresight missile, as described in the opening scenario, proved to be a formidable threat, though not an insurmountable one. "Some of their capabilities were more wicked than we originally thought," said McCoy. "We had to respect the helmet-mounted sight, which made our decisions to anchor more difficult. In other words, when I got close in, I had to consider that helmet-mounted sight. Every time I got near a Fulcrum's nose, I was releasing flares to defeat an Archer coming off his rail."
"Before coming here, some of our pilots may have thought of the MiG's helmet-mounted sight as an end-all to a BFM fight," explained Lt. Col. Gary West, commander of the 510th. "We have found that it is not as lethal as we had expected.
We encountered some positions-particularly in an across-the-circle shot or a high-low shot and in a slow-speed fight-where a Fulcrum pilot can look up forty-five degrees and take a shot while his nose is still off. That capability has changed some of the pilots' ideas on how they should approach a MiG-29 in a neutral fight. Below 200 knots, the MiG-29 has incredible nose-pointing capability down to below 100 knots. The F-16, however, enjoys an advantage in the 200 knot-plus regime. At higher speeds, we can power above them to go to the vertical. And our turn rate is significantly better. By being patient and by keeping airspeed up around 325 knots, an F-16 can bring the MiG-29 to its nose. But the pilot must still be careful of the across-the-circle shot with that helmet-mounted sight.
"We have done very well on neutral BFM engagements," continued West. "We have tried single and two-circle fights, depending on how much lead turn we had at the merge. Without exception, we have been able to use finesse or power to an advantage after at least a couple of turns. I don't think any F-16 pilot has gotten defensive and stayed there. As always, and this applies to any airplane, success depends on who is flying."
Three pilots from the 510th received backseat rides in one of the JG-73's two-seat MiG-29 trainers. Capt. Sparrow was one of them. "The MiG is harder to fly than the F-16," said Sparrow. "The Soviet airframe is great, but the avionics are not user friendly. After flying in the backseat of the Fulcrum, I got a feel for how spoiled we are in the F-16. I always felt good about the F-16, but I wouldn't trade flying the F-16 for any other aircraft, foreign or domestic.
"The Fulcrum doesn't have the crisp movements of an F-16," Sparrow continued. "You need to be an octopus in the MiG-29 to work the avionics. Those German pilots have it tough. Just to get a simple lock on and fire a missile may take a half dozen hands-off switches or so. We can do the same with a flick of the thumb while we are looking at the HUD. F-16 pilots also have a significant sight advantage. A couple of hundred feet advantage can make a difference in air-to-air combat; the actual difference is more significant than that. MiG-29 pilots have a tough time checking their six o'clock. Their canopy rail is higher. They can lose sight of us even when flying BFM."
"Their visibility is not that good," agreed McCoy, one of the other two pilots who enjoyed a spin in the Fulcrum. "Their disadvantage is a real advantage for us. F-16 pilots sit high in the cockpit. All the MiG-29 pilots who sat in our cockpit wanted to look around with the canopy closed. They were impressed that they could turn around and look at the tail and even see the engine can."
"Besides visibility, I expected better turning performance," McCoy continued. "The MiG-29 is not a continuous nine-g machine like the F-16. I tried to do some things I normally do in an F-16. For example, I tried a high-AOA guns jink. I got the Fulcrum down to about 180 knots and pulled ninety degrees of bank and started pulling heavy g's. I then went to idle and added a little rudder to get the jet to roll with ailerons. The pilot took control away from me in the middle of these maneuvers because the airplane was about to snap. I use the F-16's quick roll rate like this all the time with no problem.
"I also tried to do a 250-knot loop," McCoy recalled. "I went to mil power and stabilized. As I went nose high, I asked for afterburner. I had to hamfist the airplane a little as I approached the top of the loop. I was still in afterburner at about 15,000 feet and the jet lost control. The nose started slicing left and right. I let go of the stick and the airplane righted itself and went down. It couldn't finish the loop. In the F-16, we can complete an entire loop at 250 knots."
Like Sparrow, McCoy climbed out of the MiG-29 cockpit feeling better about the F-16, especially its automation. "The biggest instrument in the MiG-29 cockpit is the clock," McCoy said. "It took me a while to understand this. But a large clock is needed to keep track of the time after launching a missile. When they launch a missile, they have to consider their shot range and the type of missile they are shooting and estimate how long it will take to impact before firing. When they take a five-mile Alamo shot, for example, they have to calculate mentally the time required for the missile to reach its target so their radar can illuminate it for the duration. They fire and watch until they know when they can turn away. That procedure is a real disadvantage if they're flying against someone who shot a missile at them at about the same time.
"F-16 pilots don't have to think about these things," McCoy continued. "We have great automation. When we launch a missile, the airplane performs all the calculations and displays a countdown on the head-up display for us. When we're within ten miles, we want our eyes out of the cockpit looking for flashes or smoke from an adversary. That's why our head-up display is focused to infinity. We can view information without refocusing our eyes to scan the horizon. Inside of ten miles, Fulcrum pilots are moving their hands around flipping about six switches, some they have to look at. I am moving one, maybe two switches, without taking my hands off the throttle and stick."
German Fulcrum pilots realize the limitations, and advantages, of their aircraft. "If you define an F-16 as a third-generation fighter, it is not fair to speak of the MiG-29 as a third-generation aircraft because of its avionics," said Lt. Col. Manfred Skeries, the deputy commander of the JG-73. "Aerodynamics, now, are something different." Skeries is the former commander of all East German fighter forces and the first German pilot to fly the MiG-29. His comments came after he received his first flight in the F-16.
"The MiG-29's avionics are a shortcoming," admitted Capt. Michael Raubbach, a Fulcrum pilot of the JG 73. "Its radar-warning and navigational equipment are not up to Western standards. The Russian idea of hands-on throttle and stick is not the same as it is in the West. It is true that we have to look in the cockpit a lot to flip switches. And the way information is provided and the accuracy with which it is provided-in the navigational equipment in particular-doesn't allow full employment in the Western concept.
"Our visibility is not as good as an F-16 or even an F-15," Raubbach continued. "We can't see directly behind us. We have to look out the side slightly to see behind us, which doesn't allow us to maintain a visual contact and an optimum lift vector at the same time. This shortcoming can be a real problem, especially when flying against an aircraft as small as the F-16. But as a German, I can't complain about the MiG's visibility. The aircraft offers the greatest visibility in our air force."
Raubbach is one of many Western-trained pilots who volunteered for the first five MiG-29 slots that became available after Germany made the JG 73 an operational wing. He is now an instructor pilot for the unit. "The helmet-mounted sight is a real advantage when it comes to engagements requiring a visual identification," Raubbach said. "It offers no advantage in a BVR engagement, however, unless you enter a short-range fight, which is not very likely against an AMRAAM-equipped opponent like we are facing here."
The Westernization of an Eastern aircraft has presented its own problems. The MiG-29's powerful Isotov RD-33 engines, designed as disposable commodities for a mass force, were intended to run about 400 hours before they had to be replaced. (By comparison, F-16 engines can run about 4,000 hours between overhauls.) The Germans have managed almost to double the RD-33's lifespan by detuning the engines by ten percent. Besides lowering thrust, the cost-saving fix has reduced range and dirtied the exhaust at lower altitudes. The move from JP-4 to NATO's standard fuel JP-8 has also hurt engine performance.
"The engines have been extremely reliable," commented Raubbach. "It goes from afterburner to military power, without problems, at various speeds and under varying g conditions. I can feel the difference detuning makes only at higher speeds. We have many spare engines. We had a shortage at one time, but we now have a big supply. Engines do not represent a shortcoming for us."
Though aerodynamically adept, the MiG-29's performance is constrained by avionics conforming to Soviet tactical doctrine. The aircraft was designed to rely heavily on a centralized system of ground controllers, which could take control of the aircraft's radar. The system could also land the plane if necessary. "Warsaw Pact pilots were not taught to evaluate a situation as it occurs in the air," Prunk explained. "Pilots were used to a system that made many decisions for them. The aircraft's guidance system had room for only six preprogrammed steerpoints, including three targets. The radio had twenty preselected channels at frequencies unknown to the pilot.
"The aircraft was not built for close-in dogfighting, though it is aerodynamically capable of it," Prunk continued. "The East Germans flew it as a point-defense interceptor, like a MiG-21. They were not allowed to max perform the airplane, to explore its capabilities or their own abilities. Sorties lasted about thirty minutes. The airplane was designed to scramble, jettison the tank, go supersonic, shoot its missiles, and go home." This relatively strict operational scenario presents its own limitations. Many of these involve the aircraft's centerline fuel tank. The MiG-29 cannot fly supersonic with the tank attached. Nor can pilots fire the aircraft's 30mm cannon (the tank blocks the shell discharge route) or use its speed brakes. The aircraft is limited to four g's when the tank has fuel remaining. The tank creates some drag and is also difficult to attach and remove. The MiG-29 can carry wing tanks that alleviate many of these shortcomings, but the Luftwaffe has no plans to purchase them from Russia.
Even given its drawbacks, the MiG-29 remains a formidable foe. "This deployment answered so many questions I had in my mind about the MiG-29," said McCoy, who flew in eight sorties against the Fulcrum and in one with it. "The experience confirmed what I knew about the MiG-29's ability to turn and to fight in the phonebooth. It is an awesome airplane in this regime. The awe, though, fades away after that first turn in. The biggest adrenaline rush was getting to that point. After that, I started evaluating it as a weapon. The German MiG-29 pilots represent a worst-case threat for us because their skills are so good."
"When Western pilots merge with a MiG for the first time, they tend to stare at it in awe," said West, who flew in three sorties against the Fulcrum. "Instead of flying their jets and fighting, they are enamored by this Soviet-built aircraft that they have spent their lives learning about. Pilots lose this sense of wonder after a first encounter. It is no longer a potential distraction. They are going to know what type of fight to fight and exactly where they may be in trouble. No one can learn these things by reading reports. Air-to-air fighting is a perishable skill. But the lessons we learned here won't be forgotten. These pilots will know at the merge exactly what they are up against. They will have more confidence. And they know they are flying an aircraft that is superior in maneuverability, power, and avionics.
"When our pilots first arrived here, they almost tripped over themselves because their eyes were glued to the ramp and those MiG-29s," West continued. "After a few days, though, those MiGs became just like any other aircraft. And that's the way it should be."
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Q: Do I have to use malloc every time I return a pointer I'm working on a program that has few undiscovered memory leaks. The code is literally decades old and written by an unknown person. I have functions that return char * and I was wondering if I need to free the memory.
Specifically I have a function that replaces a substring in a string, I return the pointer to the newly malloced memory. Do I free the original string ?
Original version:
return(findAndReplace(str, "•",rstring));

New version:
char *result = findAndReplace(str, "•", rstring);
free(str);
return result;

Questions being: Can I be 100% sure that since I had a pointer returned from somewhere else that memory has been allocated? Is it safe to free that memory (assuming it's not used anywhere else)?
Edit:
str comes from here:
str = axiom_element_get_text(element, env, messageDataNode);

A: No. You need clearly-defined contracts for your functions' pre and post conditions. In your "old version", the contract seems to be that the caller provides a pointer str to an arbitrary string; storage and lifetime of this string are up to the caller. In the "new version", you've changed it so that the caller must provide a pointer to a string obtained by malloc, and so that the pointer is no longer valid (the object has been freed) after your function returns.
Your core problem is most likely lack of any documentation of the contracts in the existing codebase, meaning you have to reverse-engineer the original author's intents. But you shouldn't go trying to change any of thus until you've documented the current situation, decided if a change makes sense, and ensured that you can safely change every point in the existing code that was assuming the original undocumented contracts.

A: No, it is not safe the free memory that was not allocated by malloc in the first place. You can use pointers without malloc/free but in a non-trivial program you are likely to be using malloc and free at certain, but not all, places.
If you are trying to detect memory leaks in your program, a tool like valgrind might help.

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text:
StudyCorgi Politics & Government
"Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas
Topic: Politics & Government Words: 877 Pages: 3 Updated: Aug 9th, 2021
Argument About the Reading
Central Points
Reflection on the Reading
Public Sphere from Boeder's Perspective
The issues of the distinction and unity of public and private selves of a human have long been in the focus of philosophical discourse. Habermas' (2004) lecture is an extensive discussion of the interrelations between private and public spheres as the two dimensions, through which the social life of human beings becomes possible. The theory presented in the reading regards the two opposing dimensions (public and private) as the interrelated constituents of human social life. The author provides powerful arguments based on his biography showing that the complexity of modern societies is reflected in the public nature of any individual. In this paper, the lecture's main points will be discussed, analyzed, and reflected on, as well as attributed with an additional point of view of a scholar.
The reading is a complex but logical set of arguments touching on general considerations concerning the role of personality in the forming of public opinion, biographical episodes, and the political life of Germany. The author intertwines all these elements into an argument for his theory concerning the public space and political public sphere as the integral constituents of social life. Habermas claims that different fields of social life are based on different views of public and personal domains. Indeed, for celebrities representing the media sphere, their public image is equal to their private life; thus, the line between the two dimensions is blurred (Habermas, 2004). On the contrary, for the representatives of public discourse, objectivity is more important than their personal spheres. Therefore, the participants of philosophical, literary, or political debates operate with arguments, reasoning, and opinions based on objective perspectives. Their public and personal lives are separate and "complement each other"(Habermas, 2004, p. 1). However, the complexity of human society, where people are strongly dependent on each other and are linked with communication, the role of the public in personal life and vice versus gains a broader perspective.
In the philosopher's opinion, the personal perspectives of all the members of a democratic society form a public space through intersubjectivity and dependent interaction, thus each equally contributing to the political public sphere. The role of intellectuals in society is to "make public use of the professional knowledge that they possess" in order to maintain reason and objectivity as the essence of the public domain (Habermas, 2004, p. 10). The author's ideas are represented through the perspective of his life experiences in a way that demonstrates how the personal sphere is formed by public influences. Therefore, such influences should be well-balanced, reasoned, and objectively presented to maintain democracy.
Habermas' (2004) lecture provides a broad scope of issues to consider within the realm of the main idea. In general, the philosopher's theory demonstrates logic and reason, within which the claims sound clear and reliable. Touching on the issues of communication, globalization, marginalization, and politics, Habermas connects all these elements into a complex system of modern public space that reflects the contribution of each member. For example, the author refers to Aristotle's claims about humans being political animals or "animal that exists in a polity, a public space" to emphasize the innate social dependence of people on others (Habermas, 2004, p. 3). In my opinion, such a basis for an argument is strong and provides valid ground for building the theory of intersubjectivity within the realm of public space.
Also, the philosopher successfully attributes his personal life experience to demonstrate how his theory works. Indeed, through the challenges imposed by surgery or by the political realities of 1940-s Germany, Habermas depicts how these episodes have shaped his philosophical ideas and changed both, his private and public spheres. I think that such an approach to the explanation of the theory is remarkable and very useful in the given context. However, the part of the argument that grounds the politics of Germany during and after World War II seems to be limited to the authoritarian regime. Such a reference underlines particular issues concerning politics rather than provides general implications of the theory to global society. On the other hand, the opposition of authoritarian and democratic societies helps the author to show the different roles of public space in the two systems of government. The change from authoritarian to democratic political sphere might only happen through the reconstruction of public opinion constituted of the personal views of the members of society.
The research of the issues under discussion shows that the problem of the political public sphere has gained much attention in academic circles. Boeder (2005) devoted an article to the discussion of the future of the public sphere in the conditions of the emerging network society. Grounding his arguments on Habermas' claims, Boeder (2005) underlines the complexity of the society, in which digital communication and media impose changes to social structures. Within this perspective, the roles of public and private become even more complicated in the time of the digital era. In my opinion, such a claim is valid and only strengthens Habermas' general implications concerning the role of personal opinions in the public domain. However, social media and other manifestations of digital society impose a significant threat to the role of intellectuals in the forming of the public sphere.
Boeder, P. (2005). Habermas' heritage: The future of the public sphere in the network society. First Monday, 10(9). Web.
Habermas, J. (2004). Public space and political public sphere – The biographical roots of two motifs in my thought. Web.
Democratic Republic vs. Socialist State
Achieving the New Labor Internationalism in Germany
StudyCorgi. (2021, August 9). "Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas. Retrieved from https://studycorgi.com/public-space-and-political-public-sphere-by-habermas/
StudyCorgi. (2021, August 9). "Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas. https://studycorgi.com/public-space-and-political-public-sphere-by-habermas/
""Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas." StudyCorgi, 9 Aug. 2021, studycorgi.com/public-space-and-political-public-sphere-by-habermas/.
1. StudyCorgi. ""Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas." August 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/public-space-and-political-public-sphere-by-habermas/.
StudyCorgi. ""Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas." August 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/public-space-and-political-public-sphere-by-habermas/.
StudyCorgi. 2021. ""Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas." August 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/public-space-and-political-public-sphere-by-habermas/.
StudyCorgi. (2021) '"Public Space and Political Public Sphere" by Habermas'. 9 August.
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Victoria's Secret is going through a rough patch.
Victoria's Secretis closing 53 stores in North America this year.
The brand has struggled in recent years — sales have slipped, and its provocative ads are being criticized by some as being tone deaf in the era of #MeToo.
Here's how much its commercials have changed over the years.
Victoria's Secret is struggling, and critics say it's because it's alienating customers with its racy ads.
On Wednesday, its parent company L Brands reported fourth-quarter earnings and announced that it would be closing 53 of its Victoria's Secret stores this year, following 30 closings in 2018. Same-store sales were down 3% at Victoria's Secret during the quarter and in 2018 overall.
The brand has struggled in recent years and has increasingly been accused of losing relevance among shoppers as its hypersexualized ads and racy runway shows have failed to resonate in the era of #MeToo.
Though some of its commercials have become more tame over time, the reality is that the brand has largely not adapted to the times, and its scantily clad, airbrushed models are still the main feature of its campaigns.
The brand was created by Ray Raymond in 1977. Raymond named the brand after the Victorian era in England, wanting to evoke the refinement of this period in his lingerie. The term "secrets" refers to what was hidden beneath.
The brand was bought by its current parent company, L Brands, for $1 million in 1982 with its current CEO, Les Wexner, at the helm.
The overtly provocative nature of Raymond's Victoria's Secret was slightly altered when Wexner took the helm of the brand — but make no mistake, lingerie still abounded.
The brand held its first runway show in 1995.
The idea of the Victoria's Secret "Angel" came into play in 1997 after a commercial featuring Helena Christensen, Karen Mulder, Daniela Peštová, Stephanie Seymour, and Tyra Banks ran to promote its "Angels" underwear collection. From then on, the term Angel become synonymous with the brand.
In the early commercials, the models were heavily made up and scantily dressed.
The commercials were full of cheesy lines. "The best thing about being an angel is you could fly," Christensen said in a whispery voice.
The narrator had a British accent.
From the early days, Victoria's Secret's well-known push-up bra featured prominently in the commercials.
...and the music sped up.
Models such as Adriana Lima and Gisele Bündchen joined the brand.
The Angels ramped up their whispery voices.
The apparel and sleepwear commercials were just as racy.
... but the majority continued to be racy.
In 2014, American Eagle's underwear label Aerie swapped its airbrushed ads for unretouched photos and launched a body-positive campaign known as #AerieReal.
Meanwhile, Victoria's Secret showed no signs of adapting to the times.
Starting in the third quarter of 2016, same-store sales at Victoria's Secret started to slide.
Though the ads today have lost their whispery voices and cliched lines, the focus is still on sexiness.
The premise is almost identical to what aired over 20 years ago, indicating that very little has changed even in the context of #MeToo.


According to Reuters, A lawmaker from the small Northern Irish party propping up British Prime Minister Theresa May's government said the border "backstop" remained the fundamental problem with her Brexit divorce deal that she must focus on changing. On Monday Gavin Robinson of the Democratic Unionist Party said, "The fundamental problem is the backstop. The focus should be on changes to the Withdrawal Agreement, in order to get a deal which is in the national interest.


to aim a sneeze into something. You should always sneeze into a handkerchief. Please sneeze into a tissue or something.
The bright blue Sneeve fits comfortably on most kids ages three to eight, and reminds them to cough and sneeze into their arms.
Encourage them to cough or sneeze into a tissue - then put the tissue in the bin.
It doesn't cost anything to cough or sneeze into a tissue - especially when you're full of the cold.
Thus, the latest hygiene advice is to sneeze into the crook of your arm, which is far less likely to come into contact with people, unless you are a keen barn-dancer with a penchant for multiple "dosy dos".
THE Government unveils its new weapon against a flu outbreak this week - teaching people to sneeze into a tissue.
The campaign is encouraging people to make sure they follow simple rules to stop the spread of germs, including always carrying a tissue to cough or sneeze into.
Teach your child to cover his or her mouth when coughing and to sneeze into a handkerchief, as well as to wash hands before meals and to keep a runny nose wiped.
In another classroom, the children made a bucket with their hands and pretended to sneeze into the bucket as Sneeze said her poem.
sneeze at (someone or something).
sniff at (someone or something).


text:
Q: Killing singleton object In my current android application I have created one Singleton Object which is responsible to communicate with Secure Element and also storing some secrets in file in internal storage.
Now scenario is like if user wants to change the Secure Element He can just unplugged it and insert it again and when he do that he is asked to clear data from application.
As my current application's process(even though I have closed my all activities) is not killed yet my Singleton Object is not get cleared.
But I want to reset the state of my Singleton Object or say I want to create new Singleton Object and delete previous one.
Below is my implementation:
public class SEManager {
    private static SEManager INSTANCE = null;

    private SEManager() {
    }

    public static void init() throws Exception {
        if (INSTANCE != null) {
            throw new Exception("Invalid Operation");
        }
        INSTANCE = new SEManager();
    }

    public static SEManager getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

I am confuse how to reset object state or delete its reference.
One solution coming in mind is
public static synchronized void reset(){
    INSTANCE = null;
}

But I am not able to figure out its disadvantage.

A: I would just init the singleton instance on creation and not lazily - then, when resetting, you can simple replace INSTANCE with a new object.
public static synchronized void reset(){
    INSTANCE = new SEManager();
}


Come step back in time and visit The Old Exchange and Provost Dungeon! Our site offers a variety of education programs for students and groups of all ages. The Old Exchange is rich in Charleston history, and we have created programs that are not only entertaining and informative, but they have been designed to reflect South Carolina Social Studies Academic Standards.
Education tours are available during regular business hours (9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) and begin on the hour and half hour. Group rates listed below require a minimum of ten paying guests.
To book a date for your group, please review the programs offered below and fill out the Group Tour Registration form to the right. Our staff will review the availability of your requested date and contact you within two business days. Please make your reservations as early as possible.
For more information, please call (843) 727-2165 or email us at education@oldexchange.org.
For South Carolina education standards, please download this file (PDF).
Description: Come learn all about The Old Exchange building's history. This program takes students and guests through all three floors of the Exchange (including the Provost Dungeon), and teaches them about the American Revolution, pirate history, colonial "Charles Town," and the slave trade.
Description: A guided tour focused on colonial "Charles Town." This program teaches students about colonial American life, and includes an interactive program using some of the toys and personal items from the era. Also includes a guided tour of the Provost Dungeon.
Description: Students begin with a guided tour of all three floors of The Old Exchange, and then explore local sites associated with President George Washington. Includes a guided tour of the Provost Dungeon, a visit to the Great Hall where Washington was entertained, and a picture scavenger hunt through Charleston's historic district using a detailed map provided by The Old Exchange.
Description: Navigate all three floors of The Old Exchange Building on a guided tour focused on pirate history. Then set sail into the city and find locations tied to Charleston's pirate history. Includes a full tour of the building, and a picture scavenger hunt where guests find pirate-related sites in Charleston's historic district using maps provided by The Old Exchange.
Description: Come to the Old Exchange and learn about its role in events leading up to the Civil War. Groups will tour the building and learn about events like the Nullification Crisis, the domestic slave trade, and South Carolina's secession from the Union.
Description: The Old Exchange is able to provide customized specialty tours focused on the historical theme of your choice. Common topics include the Civil War, African American history, and architecture. Please indicate your topics of interest in the comments section.
These are programs offered during out-of-school periods, such as summer vacation or Christmas break. They are great for summer camp groups or groups looking for seasonal historic fun!
Description: A pirate-focused history tour that takes children through all three floors of The Old Exchange. Includes an interactive component in which students make their own treasure maps and pirate dolls. Also includes a tour of the Provost Dungeon, featuring stories about infamous pirates like Blackbeard, and the "Gentleman Pirate" Stede Bonnet.
Description: Come walk in a winter wonderland of history on this special holiday-themed tour of The Old Exchange. Learn about holiday traditions in colonial America, see the Provost Dungeon, and then "deck the Great Hall" as participants make their own pomanders. Offered between November 1st and December 23rd.
Have costumed docents bring history to you! These programs are designed to bring the history of South Carolina and The Old Exchange to local Charleston county schools and events.
Description: Have a pirate drop anchor at your location! This is a chance to have your group talk with a pirate-costumed docent while learning about Charleston's pirate history. Includes 10 prepared questions the group gets to ask the pirate, and pirate-themed items that the docent will display.
Description: A patriot brings freedom to your location! Learn more about Charleston and the American Revolution by having a costumed docent visit your location. Includes 10 prepared questions the group gets to ask the patriot, and items relating to colonial and Revolutionary War history the docent will display.
We offer programs that allow groups to visit other famous historic sites in Charleston. These programs allow groups to see not only The Old Exchange, but also places like The Powder Magazine, Heyward-Washington House, and The Old Slave Mart Museum.
Description: Travel to the year 1781 in this special multi-site program presented as if students were still in the American Revolution. Students see the Provost Dungeon, where Patriot soldiers joined others in a British prison, and get to visit the Heyward-Washington House and Powder Magazine to learn about other aspects of the British occupation of Charleston. Booking requests for this tour are automatically forwarded to the Powder Magazine.
For more information and for SC Social Studies Academic Standards, click here.
Description: The Old Exchange offers customized multi-site tours in partnership with other area historic sites, including the Old Slave Mart Museum, the Powder Magazine, and the Heyward-Washington House. Please describe your desired combination in the comments section.
Please register your group prior to your visit. If you wish to request a tour or educational program, please submit this form at least three weeks in advance. Our staff will review the availability of your preferred date and contact you within two business days.


text:
Gerd Schönfeld (* 8. Juni 1948 in Berlin; † 13. Oktober 2021 ebenda) war ein deutscher Schriftsteller und Kirchenmusiker.

Leben und Werk
Der 1948 in Berlin-Wedding geborene Gerd Schönfeld wuchs im Ost-Berliner Bezirk Prenzlauer Berg auf. Er absolvierte eine Baumschullehre, betrieb Champignonzucht, war Hilfsschlosser und Grabpfleger. Er arbeitete von 1971 bis 1978 als Requisiteur am Deutschen Theater Berlin. Von 1978 bis 1980 studierte er an der Evangelischen Kirchenmusikschule Halle (C-Prüfung) und war von 1981 bis 1984 als Musiker am Theater Anklam engagiert.

Schönfelds literarische Auseinandersetzung mit den Berliner Alltagsverhältnissen, unmittelbar vor und nach dem Bau der Mauer verfasste er in schelmenhaften Briefen an Onkel Karl. Diese erschienen 2013 und 2016 in zwei Bänden bei BasisDruck und wurde von Leserschaft und Presse als ein origineller Beitrag zur Vergangenheitsbewältigung gewürdigt.

Einer seiner letzten Texte mit dem Titel Wochenende erschien 2020 als von Olaf Schwarzbach illustriertes Künstlerbuch und wurde im Oktober 2021 in der Zeitschrift Abwärts! abgedruckt.

Der von Kindheit auf passionierte Schachspieler wurde 2008 Berliner Seniorenmeister und war als Friedhofsmusiker tätig. Schönfeld starb nach kurzer, schwerer Krankheit im Alter von 73 Jahren.

Bücher
 Schackelstern flogen spät durch milde Lüfte, oder: der Klassenfeind ist unter uns. (1960/1961). Nachwort von Martin Linzer, Zeichnungen von Mareile Fellien. Basisdruck, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86163148-4.
 Ein Cello im Berufsverkehr. (1961/1962). Nachwort von Wolfgang Engler, Fotos von Lorenz Kienzle. Basisdruck, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86163156-9.
 Wochenende. Mit acht Zeichnungen von Olaf Schwarzbach und Anmerkungen des Korrektors Sepp Fernstaub. Handsigniertes Künstlerbuch, auf 60 Exemplare limitierte Auflage. Edition Rothahndruck, Berlin 2020.

Film
 1992: Cosimas Lexikon – Darsteller

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Kirchenmusiker
Autor
Literatur (Deutsch)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Schriftsteller (Berlin)
DDR-Bürger
Deutscher
Geboren 1948
Gestorben 2021
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
What can the North learn from a small German-Swiss town?
Residents in enclave of Büsingen live a hybrid life, and often feel misunderstood
Fri, Jun 23, 2017, 01:00
Derek Scally
Büsingen, Germany's one and only enclave, surrounded on all sides by Switzerland.
Büsingen is less than 8 sq km large and home to around 1,300 people.
The trout floats motionless in the pristine, glittering river, unaware that it is a Swiss fish in German waters. The fish is similarly oblivious to being discussed by diners on the restaurant terrace above, overlooking the Rhine river in the German town of Büsingen.
The Rhine runs 1,200km through dozens of German towns and cities – Mainz, Cologne, Düsseldorf. But shortly after it begins in Switzerland, the still pristine waters of the upper Rhine briefly become German, then Swiss again.
Welcome to Büsingen, Germany's one and only enclave, surrounded on all sides by Switzerland. Less than 8 sq km large and home to around 1,300 people, the main street is a wide spot in the road with a half-timbered hotel back to 1674 alongside a hairdresser, a general store, a car dealership and a "running Sushi bar".
Büsingen's novelty is both visible and invisible: German and Swiss flags and phone boxes beside the town hall, dual post codes, dual phone codes. German and Swiss police can be seen on the streets, chatting with locals as they go about their daily business inside and outside the EU.
"We're used to adapting, working with the situation, it becomes second nature," says Christoph Oechslin, waiting tables in his riverside restaurant.
Like his trout-studying diners Mr Oechslin is unaware of Büsingen's 15 seconds of fame after last year's Brexit vote. SDLP MP Alasdair McDonnell mentioned Büsingen in discussion over how to manage the Irish border which, in less than two years, will be an external EU wall.
Büsingen was mentioned amid talk of Britain following the example of Switzerland: outside the EU but with access to its single market through bilateral agreements that accept, among other things, freedom of movement for EU citizens.
That all ended abruptly when British prime minister Theresa May steered the UK towards a hard Brexit, promising to prune back EU ties to a minimum to ensure maximum domestic control over borders.
Election gamble
But the situation has shifted again after Mrs May's election gamble to strengthen her hand backfired. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is making its support for Mrs May's minority government dependent on greater recognition of Northern Ireland's special Brexit concerns. With the Brexit clock ticking, is Büsingen back on the table?
The countryside an hour north of Zürich, with lush fields and pretty castles perched on hilltops is a long way from Patrick Kavanagh's stoney grey soil. Yet this place shares the borderlands experience of Monaghan and Fermanagh, of being neither here nor there.
"We are used to being ignored but we demand attention and get it," says Anita, a local pensioner, just off the bus. "Long-term residents here like to say: 'We're not German, we're not Swiss: we're Büsingers.'"
In his office, Büsingen mayor Markus Möll jokes that, among the enclave's neighbours, the feeling is mutual.
"For the Germans we are Swiss, for the Swiss we are Germans," says Mr Möll, who has his hands full managing the EU's most unusual – and porous – outer border. "We have always had to look out for ourselves and fight our corner."
First mentioned in 1090, Büsingen was once a Habsburg enclave in Switzerland, controlled by a local aristocratic family. It was a family feud over religion that made Büsingen what it is today. In 1693 local ruler Eberhard Im Thurn was locked up by his Swiss cousins in Schaffhausen and released six years later, a broken man. In revenge the Austrians ruled that Büsingen should never fall to Schaffhausen and Switzerland – "as a permanent source of vexation".
And so, when the enclave of Büsingen was up for grabs again in the early 19th century, it did not go to the Swiss but first Württemerg, then the grand duchy of Baden. Today part of Germany's southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, it is administratively linked to Konstanz 50km to the east. For all their history, though, Büsingen is far closer – physically and emotionally – to Switzerland and the town of Schaffhausen, 6km westwards.
A year after the Brexit vote, a new order takes shape
Brexit manoeuvres shift to Brussels
The Brexit negotiations could be the easy part
As Brexit talks loom in Brussels, Büsingen is looking forward to the 50th anniversary next month of an agreement to resolve the enclave's existential dilemma.
The treaty that came into force on July 19th, 1967, after 20 years of talks by Swiss and German officials, ensured Büsingen remained German in political terms but allowed the enclave join the Swiss customs union, making it economically part of Switzerland.
The 24-page agreement is a remarkably pragmatic read, though not everything is applicable to Northern Ireland.
For instance the DUP would like Northern Ireland inside the customs union, to preserve tariff-free cross-Border trade. But Büsingen's economic ties to Switzerland means the German enclave is outside the European Union's customs union.
That means, in practical terms, that Büsingers spread Swiss jam on their toast each morning because import tariffs make German jam – and all other imports from the "motherland" – prohibitively expensive.
Other Border issues in Büsingen have a ring of familiarity, such as rising euro-sterling pressures. In Büsingen the euro is the official currency but the Swiss franc is the de facto currency.
Some 80 per cent of locals earn their salary in francs, working in Switzerland. But all enclave residents are obliged to pay income tax in euro to Berlin. This can bring disadvantages, as is happening now.
Given the recent surges in the franc's value of up to 20 per cent, where it is now nearing parity with the euro, Büsingen residents – who get a Swiss payslip, but pay tax to Berlin – are facing higher tax bills, though their daily living costs have remained the same.
That punitive treatment has pushed even more young Büsingers across the border to Switzerland, leaving their home town one of Germany's oldest communities.
Given all that, wouldn't it just be easier for Büsingen to leave Germany and join Switzerland? In a 1918 referendum, 96 per cent of locals were in favour, but the result was ignored because the Swiss had no territory to offer in exchange. A recent academic study shows a more differentiated picture today, with opinion divided evenly between the status quo and becoming Swiss.
Büsingers' border experience – and the related feeling of not being understood by the capitals – gives locals a pragmatic and phlegmatic air they share with the Northern Irish.
Nor are Büsingers' German EU romantics, judging from the nods of locals at the cool-headed pragmatism of Swiss visitors.
Didier, a 65-year-old from the Swiss city of St Gallen, says many in Switzerland relate to British criticisms of the EU: that it grew too fast and tries to regulate too much.
"But even we Swiss see we can't shut ourselves away," he says in Büsingen's riverside restaurant. "We see the economic benefits of real co-operation with the EU, with the conditions attached, and Britain will need to see that too."
And what of Northern Ireland? It's a long way, in every sense of the word, from Büsingen to Northern Ireland. One is a sleepy enclave of 1,300 people, the other a place shaped by decades of sectarian violence.
In spite of all that, mayor Markus Möll still sees lessons to be learned from his town's experience – inside, yet outside the EU – when Brexit talks turn to one of the first three priorities: resolving the Northern Ireland question.
Territorial questions
If Büsingen shows anything, he says, it is that treaties can resolve even the most complicated legal and territorial questions, leaving it up to pragmatic locals to regulate the rest among themselves.
"If the will is there you can always find a solution once you define the rights and obligations on both sides," says Mr Möll. But what if there's no will among Brexit negotiators, or EU member states, to set a precedent over Northern Ireland?
Büsingen has already set a precedent inside the EU, says Mayor Möll. It takes constant lobbying to keep his enclave's precedent on the political agenda, and he suggests similar effort will be required in Ireland – on both sides of the Border.
"It's important that complicated legal agreements reflect life on the ground, so people are not forgotten, bossed around or made a pawn in a bigger game," said Mr Möll. "Again and again you have to remind politicians of the most important lesson: put people first, not borders."
Bilateral Treaty regulating Büsingen's accession to Swiss Customs Union on 19 July 1967
"No ID required for Büsingen residents and Swiss citizens travelling in and out of the enclave.
"Büsingen residents enjoy the same working rights in Switzerland as Swiss citizens.
"New German residents of Büsingen only acquire the special treaty rights after 10 years' uninterrupted residency.
"Büsingen motorists are entitled to a special registration plate for their vehicle, allowing them bypass Swiss customs controls.
"German law applies in Büsingen except in a list of defined areas, where Swiss provisions prevail: customs; farming (including disease control); sales tax (including duty on cigarettes and alcohol; drugs; brewing and distilling.
"Cross-border police co-operation is obligatory, in particular handing over persons sought in the other territory. Armed, uniformed Swiss police are permitted to move and operate freely in Büsingen, but no more than 10 at a time. Up to 10 German armed, uniformed police are allowed pass through Switzerland to Büsingen at a time. The number of German police present at any time in Büsingen cannot exceed a ratio of three officers per 10 of population."
Alasdair Mcdonnell
Christoph Oechslin
Markus Moll
Patrick Kavanagh
German And Swiss Police
German Police
Social Democratic and Labour Party
Swiss Customs Union
Swiss Police
Baden(CH)
Fermanagh District
Brexit the 'uknown land' for Offaly bakery
The ageing Irish in London: confusion over Brexit remains
Long and slow Brexit likely as Theresa May clings to power
France impatient with dithering British as Brexit talks begin
Brexit's impact on investment will be dramatic, unpredictable
Why Brexit is a hard sell for retailers
Brexit fact check: From £350m for the NHS to no turning back
How is Brexit affecting you? Keep up to date with all the latest news here.


lt has become a little holiday tradition for me to fill a bag with a few activities for Bella and Angus and give it to them right before we leave for wherever we are going on our holiday. I wrote about it here before our trip to the Cotswolds last summer and these bags are very useful things indeed. This year I decided it was high time they had new bags as the old ones were looking tired (and I really wanted to do some applique) so I ordered a couple of these bags and had fun getting creative with fabric scraps and felt.
The fabric for Bella's name comes from my blogging friend Ada Bea from Vintage Sheet Addict. A while ago we had a crafty swap - I made her daughter a t-shirt and she sent me some fat quarters from her vintage sheet collection. Along with the fat quarters, she popped an envelope bursting with leftover scraps from her stash into the parcel. Ada - thank you! I knew I'd find a use for them.
Angus's name is made up of a mixture of scraps from my fabric stash.* I attach the fabric with bondaweb then straight stitch around the sides to stop them fraying, and make it look nice. I just love this kind of sewing.
Filling these bags is fun. It's a bit like doing a summertime Christmas stocking, looking for things which are small and inexpensive but entertaining too. I've been putting these bits and pieces away for a few months - sticker books, snacks, pens and paper, toys - and try to find a few things that will keep them amused throughout the holiday, not just the journey. I'm especially please with Bella's Village in a Bag, both she and Angus will enjoy that a lot.
Yes, the snacks are not healthy, but it's a holiday. I'm aiming for "treat" not "lunchbox" here. I'll put an apple and banana in each one on Saturday morning.
It was interesting to read through my post from last year and see what has changed, in particular my comment that Bella and Angus don't travel that well. Things have improved here - mainly as they are both one year older and so can converse and understand things better, and give us more than two minutes notice for toilet breaks. But also it's because we stopped using the in-car DVD players. There were too many demands for different films, too many awkward, back breaking twisting-around-to-adjust-the-settings moments for the passenger, so many competing noise levels. Now they sit and look out of the window, look at books, talk to us and each other, day dream, sleep. Sometimes they are bored but I think that's ok. It's good for them to be a bit bored sometimes. And we can inflict our taste in music on them too.
*My fabric stash is getting out of hand. It's full of scraps and small folded pieces - like maybe twenty types of fabrics in each colour, it's a messy rainbow in there - but the pieces aren't big enough for an actual project so I still need to buy more when I want to sew something. I feel a project coming along, of the quilt variety. I really fancy making a hexagon quilt. I've been watching Charmaine and Sandra create beautiful things with hexagons lately and I am very inspired.
What a great idea. I can see the contents of these bags keeping them entertained for hours. Hope you have a lovely time.
Yay! I'm so glad you did it again. When I saw yours last summer, I filed it away in my never-ending list of things I wanted to make. I love the vintage sheet scraps, that looks so pretty. And the felt pops are so cute. I think French-vocabulary sticker books are a terrific idea! We don't a DVD player in the car either; it would be very annoying, I think.
I love the extra use of the Mollie Makes lollies! Am I too grown up to have one of these bags for my holiday? I could do with 100 first words in French in case I visit France and definately one of those villages in a bag. I hope that these are a hit with your children and that they love them as much as it sounds like you loved making them!
I love those little traditions, they make such great memories for the kids for years to come. I always buy books and toys and snacks for the holidays too but I wish I'd had the idea to make pretty bags to put it all in!
Your bags look great Gillian and I'm sure all those goodies will keep the children happy!
Btw will definitely make some bags next summer ;-)!
The bags are lovely, your stitching is so neat. The contents remind me of the bits and bobs I usd to put together (in holiday backpacks)each year for my two when they were younger. (Seem to remember one year making my own I Spy books based on the route we would be travelling.) The rule was they couldn't be opened until we'd hit the motorway. They still talk about those bags, so many years later.
Wish you a great holiday!
You're such an awesome mom!! I'm loving that village in a bag ... I like to see the different things you have there compared to us... Like flower tots! I've brought loads of things home for my children from England! Those travel bags go without saying ... they are GORGEOUS! I adore the vintage sheet fabrics, I want to order some vintage wall paper it's so beautiful!
I hope you have an amazing holiday! I can't wait to see the photos!
You are an awesome mum, you know that?! What a great idea to keep the kids entertained.
Hi Gillian, Lovely bags!!!Love the touch of vintage!!!Where are you going to?!!Hope you have a great holiday!!!!
Going on holiday and getting a bag full of treats, how very exciting and what a fab mum you are.
Hope you all have masses of fun whilst you are away.
These are really lovely! Such beautiful stitching and I love the little things you have put inside. I must look out for the little village in a bag, my Miss M would love that.
The bags are lovely and Bella and Angus will have lots of fun with the contents, I'm sure. I used to do a similar thing for Daniel and Eleanor when they were young. I used to find some good pocket money items from Hawkins Bazaar.
What a fabulous idea! I did a similar thing in the old days when we went abroad ... the children had to carry their own backpack as hand luggage, so were very careful as to what went in it, as they were responsible for it all the way there! Magazines, felt pens, playing cards and sticker books were favourites, plus wet wipes and a clean t-shirt, just in case!
Super bags Gillian, what a great idea!
Way back in the 70s I had one of those villages. I loved it and was thrilled to get one for my eldest about 10 years ago. My girls both spent ages playing with it and their favourite thing was trying to build the area we lived in at the time.
I remember the I Spy books we used to get as children - perfect for car journeys! My children would have loved the Paddy Bear stories that Chrissie mentioned, we enjoyed Stephen Fry's Harry Potter CDs when they were a bit older.
Great bags! I bet your kids love them! We do something very similar for our three kids when we travel, too. The other thing I have started doing now that our kids are a bit older is that they take turns carrying a backpack each day that has all 3 water bottles, 3 snacks, and 3 books. That way, they are learning to be responsible for filling the bottles, packing the snacks adnd choosing a book. Throughout the day they can drink and eat whenever they need to and the book comes in handy when we are "waiting" for something. No one complans about being bored. We have carried this backpack for 2 summers now. EAch child takes his/her turn throughout the day and they help each other to remember it. Has it ever been forgotten? Yes. Once. (It was left on a ferry to Montreal this summer. Luckily on that day we were carrying non-reuseable bottles and snacks only. No real loss of important items!) Not too bad of a "loss" record for 2 years of kid-responsibilty.
What a fabulous idea, perfect for keeping them entertained along the way. We had the opposite problem this year. Got it the car and the dvd player wouldn't work - agghhh! After the initial distress and disappointment of this though, Little Miss was completely fine. Luckily we had also packed plenty of 'things to do on the journey'!
Oh you are a clever girl!! Brilliant bags. Love the lollies.
I love this tradition and those sticker books are fab.
Olly loves his man bags - he has several. He fills them with all sorts for car journeys.
The bags are darling! And what a clever idea to keep the little ones busy while traveling! I need to do something like this for Charlotte the next time we travel.


text:
O  (densidade no ponto tríplice é 0,807 g/mL) é o líquido produzido industrialmente em larga quantidade pela destilação fracionada do ar líquido e é frequentemente designado pela abreviação, NL2, isto é, nitrogênio puro em estado líquido. O nitrogênio líquido tem o número ONU 1977.

O nitrogênio líquido entra em ebulição a 77 K (-196,15 °C) e é um fluido criogênico que pode causar rápido congelamento ao contato com tecido vivo. Ele tem uma constante dielétrica de 1,4. Quando apropriadamente isolado, o nitrogênio líquido pode ser armazenado e transportado, por exemplo, em garrafas térmicas, onde temperaturas muito baixas são mantidas constantes a 77 K pela lenta evaporação do líquido, resultando na liberação do gás nitrogênio. Dependendo do tamanho e projeto, o tempo de armazenamento em garrafas térmicas pode se estender de poucas horas a algumas semanas.

O nitrogênio líquido pode ser facilmente convertido para sólido pela sua colocação em uma câmara de vácuo acionada por um uma bomba de vácuo centrifuga. Nitrogênio líquido congela a 63 K. A despeito de sua reputação, a eficiência do nitrogênio líquido como um refrigerador é reduzida pelo fato de que ele ferve imediatamente ao contato com um objeto aquecido, envolvendo o objeto em uma nuvem de gás nitrogênio isolante. Este efeito é conhecido como efeito Leidenfrost e se aplica a um líquido em contato com um objeto significativamente mais quente do que seu ponto de ebulição. Um resfriamento mais rápido pode ser obtido pela conexão de um objeto dentro de uma mistura de nitrogênio sólido e líquido do que no nitrogênio líquido somente. Por isto, o nitrogênio líquido puro é insuficiente para a maioria das aplicações.

Aplicações
Nitrogênio líquido é uma fonte compacta e funcional de nitrogênio gasoso despressurizado. Além disto, sua capacidade de manter a temperatura bem abaixo do ponto de congelamento da água o torna extremamente útil em um largo espectro de aplicações, primariamente como um refrigerador de ciclo aberto, incluindo:
 em criobiologia, ou seja, a criopreservação de sangue, células reprodutivas (esperma e óvulos) e outros materiais e amostras biológicas. Preservação de humanos e animais de estimação na esperança de uma reanimação no futuro;
 como uma fonte muito seca de nitrogênio gasoso;
 o congelamento por imersão e transporte de produtos alimentícios;
 como um refrigerante suplementar para o overclocking de unidades centrais de processamento e unidades de processamento gráfico, ou outro tipo de hardware;
no congelamento, ou vitrificação de óvulos, um processo de preservação do gameta feminino em ambiente de nitrogênio líquido a -196 °C;
 na crioterapia para remover lesões malignas da pele incipientes ou potenciais tais como  verrugas;
 refrigeração de um supercondutor de altas temperaturas para uma temperatura suficiente para obter a supercondutividade.

Medidas de segurança
Devido à razão de expansão de líquido para gás desta substância ser de 1:694, um tremendo aumento de força pode ser gerado quando o nitrogênio líquido ferve por qualquer razão.

Devido às temperaturas extremamente baixas, o manuseio descuidado do nitrogênio líquido pode resultar em queimaduras de frio. Deve-se ter em mente que como o nitrogênio líquido evapora, ele irá reduzir a concentração de oxigênio no ar e poderá atuar como um asfixiante, especialmente em espaços confinados. O nitrogênio é inodoro, sem cor ou sabor, e pode produzir asfixia sem nenhuma sensação prévia de aviso.

Vasos ou cilindros contendo nitrogênio líquido podem condensar o oxigênio do ar. O líquido  no recipiente se torna gradualmente enriquecido em oxigênio (fervendo a 90 K) com a evaporação do nitrogênio, e pode causar uma oxidação violenta de material orgânico.

Ligações externas
 Behind the scenes video – Como o nitrogênio líquido é usado em restaurantes para preparação de coquetéis

Azoto
Gases industriais


text:
Q: Using an existing neo4j graph database for quering instead of creating a new database (same) everytime I have created a graph database from a pile of 30k xml files. I want to reuse this graph database for querying it. Currently, I create the graph database every time I have to query something from it. Since the data set is huge, the database creation takes approx. 40 min. I am not aware of the way of reusing the existing database instead of creating it every time. I would appreciate your help if you could tell me how to do this.
(Java language, IDE-> IntelliJ, Redhat Linux).

A: I am new in this, but I saw there is a Delete database method in several code. Perhaps this is your case.  Try commenting out the delete database method o delete ir, and only use start and shutdown.
I am trying to know how use a database without start and shutdown each time Java code run, perhaps with api REST.  I have no answer yet, but I am still searching.

A: First you should make sure your import logic and your query logic are not on the same code, and you can call on without the other.
The database you create is stored in a directory.

*

*If you're on server mode, it is specified on the config file : neo4j-server.properties (look for org.neo4j.server.database.location).

*If you're on embedded mode, you declare the path of the database to the graph factory:
graphDb = new GraphDatabaseFactory().newEmbeddedDatabase( PATH/TO/NEO.DB );

A: What do you mean by reusing? If you want to use the database from more than one client at the same time, use Neo4j Server and REST, see http://docs.neo4j.org/chunked/snapshot/rest-api.html and point the server to your database directory in conf/neo4j-server.properties.
Also, you can point a new instance of Neo4j to the same database directory and that way open the database you created (exclusively), see https://github.com/neo4j/neo4j/blob/master/community/embedded-examples/src/main/java/org/neo4j/examples/EmbeddedNeo4j.java#L35
Is that covering your usecase?
/peter

A: I just had the same problem, which resulted from sloppy copy pasting of the code snippets from the Neo4j documentation. Each time I ran the code, all previously created nodes were deleted.
Apart from deleting the removeData-method (as mentioned by Jose) you should also remove the following line in the createDb()-method to prevent this:
FileUtils.deleteRecursively( new File( DB_PATH ) );

Maybe this still helps anyone, even though the topic is old.


It's important to find a song you both like, even if you have wildly opposing musical tastes. Finding a genre you can both agree on might seem like the best option, but there are other ways to compromise. If he likes the classics and you like techno, see if you can find a song by Sinatra that has been redone with a modern feel. He doesn't have to like your favorite musical genre, and you don't have to like his. You only have to find one song you can both enjoy.
No matter how musically gifted you are, there's nothing more challenging than dancing to a song that has an irregular or hard-to-identify beat. Professional dance lessons are always fun, but they aren't a requirement. Choose a song that has a clear, steady beat, and you'll get along just fine.
A lot of couples choose their first dance song based on a shared experience. Did you attend a concert together? Was there a certain song playing when you met? Your guests may not understand the connection, but that's okay. The first dance song only has to mean something to your and your fiance.
If you're torn between two or three songs, listen closely to the lyrics of each. If the lyrics make sense for you two, you can choose a song from practically any genre. Did you break up and get back together again? Did you have to spend a significant amount of time apart during your long-distance relationship? Your first dance will be even more special if you find a song that speaks to your personal experience.
Your first dance - like the rest of your wedding - is about YOU. Don't pass on your favorite song simply because you're afraid it might be considered "unconventional." If you want to choreograph a dance to a poppin' new hip hop song, go for it! There isn't a rule book governing wedding first dance songs; your choice is completely up to you and your fiance.
Don't worry about finding the "perfect" song. At the end of the day, you and your fiance simply need to find a song you enjoy and can dance to. You have enough other things to deal with; don't let this decision overwhelm you!
What is your favorite first dance song? We'd love to hear your thoughts!


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Welcome To Meridian Schools
Meridian Educational Society has completed a quarter of a century and is poised for a quantum leap into the future by adapting to the challenges of an ever-evolving educational scenario. Connecting the Mind and Heart fluidly and flawlessly, it creates a holistic new millennial global generation of citizens who are high achievers, balancing professional commitment with a social conscience, Meridian is a New Generation Educational Group committed to educate children for life and thus bring a change in the society.
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Marvel's Black Panther Still King with 5 Day Gross Earning of P258.57-M
by Fanboy SEO · February 20, 2018
The Lunar Year of the Dog? For now it's more like a strong Year of the Panther, as Marvel Studios' Black Panther lunged and clawed its victorious way to Philippine cinemas, posting a monumental opening weekend of Php 258.57-M (including sneaks) in five days (Feb 14 – 18).
With that smash figure, Filipino Marvel fans gave Black Panther the most successful February launch in industry history as well as the year's biggest opening weekend to-date.
In comparison, the critically acclaimed super hero film about the young king of the fictional and tehnologically-advanced African country of Wakanda, surpassed the opening weekends of recent Marvel Studios titles led by Guardians of The Galaxy (+143%), Ant-Man (+ 97%), Doctor Strange (+92%), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (+62%) and Thor: Ragnarok (+62%).
Leading the cinema pack in box-office sales are SM Mall of Asia (P10.56-M), SM Megamall (P8.87-M) and SM North EDSA (P8.65-M).
Posting mighty grosses in the top ten are Trinoma (P5.41-M), SM Cebu, (P4.91-M), Uptown Place (P4.47-M), Glorietta 4 (P4.35-M), Power Plant (P4-M), Greenbelt 3 (P3.86-M) and SM Ckark (P3.75-M).
Completing the top twenty theaters are SM Aura (P3.64-M), Greenhills Promenade (P3.58-M), Fisher Mall (P3.55-M), Alabang Town Center (P3.52-M), Ayala Malls Cebu (P3.43-M), SM Southmall (P3.42-M), U.P. Town Center (P3.39-M), SM Seaside City Cebu (P3.36-M), Gateway Cineplex (P3.25-M) and Robinsons Magnolia (P3.22-M).
In the US, Black Panther opened to a super-heroic $235 million debut over the four-day President's Day weekend.
It is the highest three-day debut ever for a February film and the fifth highest of all time. Black Panther has also demolished the record for the largest President's Day weekend, blowing past Deadpool's 2016 mark of $152 million.
Erik Killmonger vs T'Challa
Marvel Studios' Black Panther follows T'Challa who, after the death of his father, the King of Wakanda, returns home to the isolated, technologically advanced African nation to succeed to the throne and take his rightful place as king. But when a powerful old enemy reappears, T'Challa's mettle as king—and Black Panther—is tested when he is drawn into a formidable conflict that puts the fate of Wakanda and the entire world at risk. Faced with treachery and danger, the young king must rally his allies and release the full power of Black Panther to defeat his foes and secure the safety of his people and their way of life.
Directed by Ryan Coogler, the film stars Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan, Lupita Nyong'o, Danai Gurira, Martin Freeman, Daniel Kaluuya, Letitia Wright, Winston Duke, Angela Bassett, Forest Whitaker, and Andy Serkis.
Marvel Studio's Black Panther is distributed in the Philippines by The Walt Disney Company. Follow Marvel on Twitter: https://twitter.com/marvel. Like Marvel on FaceBook: https://www.facebook.com/Marvel
Tags: Black PantherChadwick BosemanMarvel Cinematic UniverseMarvel StudiosMarvel's Black PantherMCUMoviesRyan Coogler
POKEMON DETECTIVE PIKACHU Review
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Unconfirmed: Avengers Endgame Run Time May Hit 3 Hours
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FlappyBird and the Kinect v2 | Are there parrots on Java?
Have you ever played FlappyBird? Although very simple, the game is pretty addictive. The only thing that's missing is that you still have to press buttons instead of "flapping" with your arms.
This entry was posted on Sunday, March 9th, 2014 at 3:23 pm and is filed under Intel RealSense, Perceptual Computing, Gesture Control, 3D-depth camera.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.