In a recent article on The Guardian website, Owen Jones listed the trans-atlantic slave trade, colonialism and the rise of 20th century fascism as either components or consequences of capitalism. Add starvation, disease, war and natural disasters into the mix and it should be painfully obvious that—far from providing evidence of "killer capitalism"—the conditions and institutions that are being described have no casual or necessary relationship with capitalism, and range from the merely coincidental to the fully irreconcilable.
At first this may seem like a weak "no true Scotsman" defence, similar to the "real socialism has never been tried" argument whereby the catastrophic and blood-soaked history of socialism is brushed off as simply not being "real socialism". However, criticisms of socialism need not modify the definition provided by socialists (or found in Marxist literature); an explanation can be given as to why the ideal is unattainable by identifying the steps that necessarily lead to its unravelling, irrespective of the intentions of those attempting to implement such a system.
In contrast, when someone asserts that "capitalism kills" they usually have to rely on their own definition of capitalism which may include specious and superfluous characteristics such as "where profit is more important than people" or "where workers are exploited via wage slavery" or "where the bourgeoisie and proleteriat exist in a state of perpetual conflict". Alternatively (or in addition) this "definition inflation" may be implicit rather than explicit, whereby the results of things which coincide with even the most diluted forms of capitalism are treated as necessary characteristics or inescapable consequences.
Often the pretence is that the Marxist interpretation of capitalism is somehow scientific, and that these qualities are unavoidable symptoms of said economic system, however this is nonsense and critiquing a concept of capitalism that depends on such qualities is to critique a contrivance that nobody is defending.
Capitalism must be defined properly for any criticism of it to be valid.
Even just referring to the dictionary definition, it should be fairly clear that when you strip away any non-essentials, capitalism is simply a system in which property is privately owned. Capitalism also explicitly protects more basic individual rights, but in the current context the private ownership of property is the key component. Capitalism is roughly synonymous with economic freedom, in that individuals are free to create and trade without their property being subject to confiscation and redistribution at the whim of the government or wider society.
There are many things that may be found within a capitalist system that are often incorrectly regarded as being necessary elements, for example corporations, wage labour, or even money. Similarly there are things which are often seen as being in opposition to capitalism but which are actually entirely compatible, such as charities/non-profit organisations, communes and worker co-operatives.
Socialism and communism on the other hand, are systems in which—at minimum—the so-called means of production are publicly owned, either via the state, or collectively in some form. Criticisms are generally directed at this fact; there is no need to inflate the definition.
Assuming capitalism is defined correctly, the "capitalism kills" argument fails in the following three ways.
Firstly, no causal relationship can be demonstrated between capitalism and the harm it is allegedly responsible for.
Secondly, it ignores the fact that capitalism doesn't merely "exist or not", it exists in degrees that vary by location and over time. It is a double-standard to claim that socialism cannot be held responsible for anything that occurs when it is only partially or imperfectly implemented, while simultaneously claiming that capitalism is to blame for anything harmful without any reference to the amount of economic freedom that is actually present (capitalism even tends to be blamed for the failures of socialist regimes).
Thirdly, there exists a strong positive correlation between economic freedom and prosperity.
Evidence of capitalism's causal culpability is simply absent, and many of the examples that are provided directly conflict with the principles that define capitalism. For example, slavery is a violation of the most basic of rights to the extent that it could be considered the very antithesis of capitalism. The fact that slave traders made a profit—pointed to as evidence of the capitalistic nature of slavery—is entirely irrelevant; profit is not what defines capitalism. Indeed, as Daniel Hannan (2018) pointed out, "Capitalist Britain 'literally' overthrew slavery", a point echoed by Michael Hurd (2015) with regards to slavery in the United States; "In the 19th century, it was the comparatively capitalist North which drove out slavery from the plantation-based, anti-capitalist economy of the South."
Colonialism is similarly at odds with capitalism, as it involved the state-sanctioned seizure and incorporation of foreign land and resources.
Fascism, again, is diametrically opposed to capitalism. It does not follow that because private property existed to some degree in Nazi Germany, capitalism is therefore an accomplice of fascism. Businesses being co-opted or hijacked by the state in order to kick-start an economy and facilitate massive rearmament is thoroughly anti-capitalist.
With regards to hunger, disease and a lack of clean water, it firstly must be noted that these are not conditions that have arisen in the 200 or so years since anything resembling capitalism came into existence, they are simply the default. They are issues that, after plaguing humanity throughout history, are rapidly disappearing thanks to capitalism. Tens of millions have been lifted from poverty as a result of people being free to innovate, produce and trade goods and services, and there are a plethora of statistics that could be cited to support this.
The basis for blaming capitalism for the world's problems disintegrates further when it is taken into account that no country is (or ever has been) fully capitalist. As Rand (1966) explained "we are a mixed economy, i.e., a mixture of capitalism and statism, of freedom and controls."
This isn't to say that "real capitalism has never been tried", echoing the tiresome socialist defence mentioned earlier. Capitalism has and does exist to varying degrees and thus it must be shown to be the capitalist elements of the world economy that cause the aforementioned ills. Blaming "capitalism" means nothing if it is unaccompanied by an explanation of how the defining characteristics of capitalism necessarily lead to whatever is being blamed on it.
Which brings us to the third point; it can be shown that increased economic freedom strongly correlates with increased prosperity, whereas increased amounts of economic planning (the fundamental characteristic of socialism) correlates with decreased prosperity.
Economies are immensely complicated systems composed of innumerable moving parts (which is the reason all attempts to plan any economy beyond a certain size are doomed to fail, regardless of how benevolent the planners are), so there are countless factors other than economic freedom that can impact an economy's success, however said freedom undeniably coincides not only with economic growth, but with the full gamut of prosperity-defining measures including lowered child mortality rates, increased literacy rates, increased life expectancy, and overall perceptions of well-being.
A compilation of evidence that shows the positive effects associated with economic freedom can be found here.
Capitalism is responsible for the greatest increase in living standards the human race has ever experienced, whereas socialism has by some estimations resulted in 100+ million deaths alongside unimaginable misery and suffering. Attempts to blame capitalism for all manner of societal problems and historical atrocities are difficult to take seriously.
Far from causing death, capitalism has been steadily (and mostly thanklessly) extending and improving people's lives across the globe. The fact that people still die from hunger or disease are not criticisms that can be reasonably aimed at capitalism, any more than it would make sense to lambaste a surgeon whose patient dies despite doing everything they possibly could. Worldwide prosperity is a process that takes considerable time and effort on the part of millions of people, and is only possible if people are free to innovate, create and trade.
Preventable deaths are not a result of people being free. One could argue that if people were more charitable, or if businesses were less profit driven, that the world would be a better place, however this would be a criticism of people, not of any particular economic system. The greater the propensity for people to act immorally, the more reason there is to restrict the amount of political power available for such people to wield.
Rand, A. (1966). Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal., p.185. New York: Signet.
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https://www.universitypressscholarship.com/search?f_0=keywords&q_0=scale%20transformation
Keywords: scale transformation x
THE WEYL ANOMALY AND RENORMALIZATION GROUP
Kazuo Fujikawa and Hiroshi Suzuki
in Path Integrals and Quantum Anomalies
Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter discusses the quantum anomaly associated with the scale transformation of space-time coordinates, or the transformation generally called the Weyl transformation. In flat space-time, this ... More
This chapter discusses the quantum anomaly associated with the scale transformation of space-time coordinates, or the transformation generally called the Weyl transformation. In flat space-time, this anomaly is related to the renormalization group and the calculation of the $β$ function in the renormalization group equation is related to the calculation of the Weyl anomaly. In other words, the renormalization group equation is regarded as an expression of the Weyl anomaly in terms of Green's functions. The calculation of the one-loop functions in QED and QCD by means of the Jacobians for the Weyl symmetry is illustrated. The Weyl anomalies in curved space-time are briefly explained. An improved finite energy-momentum tensor in renormalizable theory is also mentioned based on an analysis of the Weyl anomaly.Less
Kazuo FujikawaHiroshi Suzuki
This chapter discusses the quantum anomaly associated with the scale transformation of space-time coordinates, or the transformation generally called the Weyl transformation. In flat space-time, this anomaly is related to the renormalization group and the calculation of the $β$ function in the renormalization group equation is related to the calculation of the Weyl anomaly. In other words, the renormalization group equation is regarded as an expression of the Weyl anomaly in terms of Green's functions. The calculation of the one-loop functions in QED and QCD by means of the Jacobians for the Weyl symmetry is illustrated. The Weyl anomalies in curved space-time are briefly explained. An improved finite energy-momentum tensor in renormalizable theory is also mentioned based on an analysis of the Weyl anomaly.
Keywords: scale transformation, Weyl transformation, β function, renormalization group equation, curved space-time, improved energy-momentum tensor
Conformal field theory
Hidetoshi Nishimori and Gerardo Ortiz
in Elements of Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
The present chapter is an introductory account of the basic concepts and important consequences of conformal symmetry, i.e. the invariance under local scale transformations, in field theories ... More
The present chapter is an introductory account of the basic concepts and important consequences of conformal symmetry, i.e. the invariance under local scale transformations, in field theories characterizing critical behaviour. The goal is to catalogue universality classes as a list of possible values of critical exponents and to find restrictions on the functional forms of correlation functions, which satisfy conformal Ward identities. From a mathematics standpoint, conformal symmetry applies to continuum theories, and therefore its obvious application to critical phenomena is formulated in the language of field theory. The energy-momentum tensor plays a fundamental role in defining the conformal generators that satisfy the Virasoro algebra, and any conformal field theory is characterized by the central charge a number that is important to classify critical field theories. One of the most remarkable applications of conformal field theory is found in the analysis of finite-size effects.Less
Hidetoshi NishimoriGerardo Ortiz
The present chapter is an introductory account of the basic concepts and important consequences of conformal symmetry, i.e. the invariance under local scale transformations, in field theories characterizing critical behaviour. The goal is to catalogue universality classes as a list of possible values of critical exponents and to find restrictions on the functional forms of correlation functions, which satisfy conformal Ward identities. From a mathematics standpoint, conformal symmetry applies to continuum theories, and therefore its obvious application to critical phenomena is formulated in the language of field theory. The energy-momentum tensor plays a fundamental role in defining the conformal generators that satisfy the Virasoro algebra, and any conformal field theory is characterized by the central charge a number that is important to classify critical field theories. One of the most remarkable applications of conformal field theory is found in the analysis of finite-size effects.
Keywords: local scale transformation, conformal invariance, universality class, correlation function, primary operators, Ward identity, Virasoro algebra, central charge
Phase transitions and critical phenomena
As an introduction to the physics of phase transitions and critical phenomena, this chapter explains a number of basic and fundamental ideas such as phases, phase transitions, phase diagrams, ... More
As an introduction to the physics of phase transitions and critical phenomena, this chapter explains a number of basic and fundamental ideas such as phases, phase transitions, phase diagrams, universality, and critical phenomena. Especially important is the concept of order parameter, a quantity that measures the degree of asymmetry in the broken symmetry phase. Intuitive accounts are given to the concepts of coarse-graining, and scale and renormalization group transformations, which are powerful, systematic tools to analyze critical behaviour of macroscopic systems. Also explained are several spin and lattice gas model systems, on the basis of which phase transitions and critical phenomena will be studied.Less
As an introduction to the physics of phase transitions and critical phenomena, this chapter explains a number of basic and fundamental ideas such as phases, phase transitions, phase diagrams, universality, and critical phenomena. Especially important is the concept of order parameter, a quantity that measures the degree of asymmetry in the broken symmetry phase. Intuitive accounts are given to the concepts of coarse-graining, and scale and renormalization group transformations, which are powerful, systematic tools to analyze critical behaviour of macroscopic systems. Also explained are several spin and lattice gas model systems, on the basis of which phase transitions and critical phenomena will be studied.
Keywords: phase transitions, critical phenomena, phase diagram, scale transformation, coarse graining, order parameter, broken symmetry, renormalization group, universality, lattice models

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Abstract: Airway remodeling is a characteristic of many chronic respiratory diseases and occurs when there are significant changes to the architecture of the small and large airways leading to progressive loss of lung function. Some common features include airway smooth muscle and goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening and subepithelial fibrosis. To explore the mechanisms driving airway remodeling and identify novel targets to treat this aspect of respiratory disease, appropriate models must be used that will accurately predict the pathology of disease. Phenotypic assays can be used in primary human lung cells to measure changes in cell behavior that are associated with particular disease pathology. This is becoming increasingly popular when targeting chronic pathologies such as airway remodeling, where phenotypic assays are likely to model disease in vitro more accurately than traditional second messenger assays. Here we review the use of primary human lung structural cells in a range of disease-relevant chronic phenotypic assays, and how they may be used in target identification/validation and drug discovery.


The "In-Training Examination" of the American Board of Pediatrics: Does It Test for "New" or "Old" Information?
Is It Worthwhile and What Are the Risks?
Useless Tests on Febrile Children?
Does Race Influence Blood Pressure and Bacteriuria?


The Bereavement Support Group at Our Lady of Sorrows meets every third Tuesday of the month at the Guadalupe Center, weather permitting. The name of the speaker and the topic is usually published in the bulletin prior to the meeting.
Anyone who has suffered a loss is welcome to attend our meetings. These meetings are informative and help others process their grief. We are here to help others walk in the journey of healing.
I started the group on July 21, 2004; nine months after the death of my husband. This was necessary for my healing and survival. When my husband died I realized that I had no preparation for the pain I felt in my heart or the feeling of hopelessness and despair.
I went to the library and started researching what other widows and widowers did in order to deal with the loss. I made a list of names of books which helped me. I spoke frequently to Felice Guajardo because our husbands died 2 weeks apart from each other. We thought about meeting for lunch when I got the idea of meeting with other widows. This way we could share information and find out how to deal with our pending problems.
I then called around town to other widows. A group of us gathered together, agreed on a meeting date and time, and share our feelings about the loss of our husbands. We have been going strong now for over 10 years.
On August 18, 2009 we had our first meeting in the small classroom in Trinity Hall and curently meet at the Guadalupe Center.
Refreshments and a moderate priced gift is available to all out speakers. We also hand out poems to any new widow joining the group.
For more information, please contact Naomi Odom at 361-648-3318.


We're still grasping at summer even though there is a decided 'nip' in the air. I found myself day dreaming about turkey dinner recently and had to shake myself out of the reverie by reminding myself that, hey! it's still August. At least it won't be a shock when the leaves start turning color, as I think I'm already in fall mode.
Still, I haven't pulled out the crock-pot yet. We continue to enjoy chilled soups for lunch and dinners that feature or favorite seasonal vegetable, corn.
We got a late start on gardening this summer, but my herbs still pulled through and are thriving. Lemon Balm, a fast-growing herb from the mint family that has a lovely lemon scent, has wasted no time pushing the boundaries of the raised bed.
I adore lemon balm, and make a point to pick a few leaves and roll them between my palms every time I pass the garden beds, but this bushy herb was in need of some serious pruning. What to make?
With twenty-or-so guests on their way over for my birthday celebration, I knew a jug of fresh-squeezed lemonade would be perfect. And infused with lemon balm? Even better.
This lemon balm-infused lemonade did not disappoint. Perfumed lightly with the herb, it offered a mildly minty taste that, naturally, paired perfectly with the lemonade. Refreshing and tart, it was a lovely start to our evening – for young and old alike.
This tray of lemonade is my contribution to a virtual baby shower for the soon-to-be mama Maria of Two Peas and Their Pod! Maria and Josh, I toast the two of you with this non-alcoholic summer drink and wish you the very best in this new crazy adventure called Parenthood. Believe me when I say it is the best journey you will ever take.
A warm thank you to Marla and Lisa for organizing this virtual shower. You ladies are super sweet! See bottom of post for the full menu.
Combine four cups of water, the sugar and agave together in a 2-quart pot. Bring to a boil. Stir until sugar is completely dissolved, then remove from heat.
Add lemon balm leaves to the simple syrup, stir, and cover with a lid. Allow to infuse for about two hours or until the mixture is completely cool.
Strain the syrup through a fine sieve into a gallon glass jar or large pitcher. Discard wilted lemon balm.
Add lemon juice to the lemon balm-infused simple syrup and stir. Add 12 cups cold water. Taste and adjust as required. Add more agave if you find the lemonade too tart. Alternately, add more lemon juice if you prefer your lemonade on the puckery side.
Serve over ice with a garnish of fresh lemon slices and fresh lemon balm. Enjoy!
How are you hanging onto summer?


Team Dashboard — monitor things like workitems, code repo, builds, quality items (unit tests, security, coverage, etc.) and deployments in one dashboard.
Configurable View — set up the dashboard to display the widgets that matter most to your project.
Real-time Status — monitor quality, productivity, and work in process on a real-time basis within the dashboard.
Executive Dashboard — access an aggregated view of key DevOps metrics.
Gamification — share performance feedback at the widget and team dashboard level by displaying a "star-rating".
Capital One is an open source first organization – actively using, contributing to, and managing open source software projects. Want to learn more about using, producing, and contributing to Open Source projects? We've put together a lot of Open Source information for you here. You can also check out our GitHub page.
Learn how the world's largest retailer uses Hygieia to monitor and improve their CI/CD pipeline.
Interested in products or partnerships?


Everything you need to make your own adorable doll. Easy to make - no pins or needles required.
When she's finished you can give her a name and make it official with her own birth certificate!
The completed doll is twenty two centimetres high.


Kim Kardashian decides Instagram and Twitter are the best places to belittle Katie Couric for a supposedly fake baby gift. Interesting choice.
When you're a star, you have the world at your feet and, in our socially networked society, beneath your fingers.
With just a few strokes, you can make millions listen and governments beware.
Please, therefore, imagine Kim Kardashian's quandary when she decided to rail against Katie Couric.
Couric's offense, as the Los Angeles Times reports, was to apparently offer mild criticism of the Kardashian phenomenon, despite having sent Kim and Kanye a baby gift.
Couric's words in response to deep probing from InTouch magazine had been: "I don't understand, why are they so famous? I think it's mostly teenage girls that are interested."
Many will understand that Kardashian had to strike. But where? Should she immediately tweet? Or should she take to some other medium to show her progressiveness?
Kardiashian decided to turn to Instagram. I am not sure which filter she chose to display Couric's gift of baby clothing, but I am very aware of the hashtags she added.
This quite brilliant summation of both philosophy and human feelings offered several conundrums. Mostly, it incited the question: There's such a thing as a real media friend?
But one couldn't ponder this for too long. For right beneath it was another hashtag. What it lacked in brevity, it made up for in expressiveness.
Hashtags are monstrously underrated. In just a few words, you can offer a multiplicity of nuance behind which others can stand and salute.
Here we have Kardashian baring her humility, her pain, and her impeccable logic. Who in the world would be so twisted as to send baby garments as a gift, and then offer a lack of comprehension as to why a true and obvious star is a star?
This is all, of course, very bad news for Facebook.
Earlier this week, rumors emerged that Facebook was creating a special app that only famous people could use.
The need for this is vividly illustrated by the fact that, here, Kardashian used Instagram and an accompanying short post to Twitter.
However, I couldn't find evidence that her 13 million likers on Facebook were also informed.
Kardashian is clearly very aware of the most modern forms of communication. She understands them exactly.
She knows that, in today's instant and social times, abbreviation is the best way to express aggravation.


The organisation was without a National Coordinator from 2010 until 2014. The demands of chaplains' individual ministries and the need for them to be visible in their own places of work together with the lack of financial support for this meant no one was available to take on this role. Initially Fr Gerry Ewing and Sr Barbara Brent as priest and religious respectively took on the role, as did Mrs Maggie Cascioli upon her retirement as a school chaplain.
In place of the National Coordinator and executive team the Leadership Team was formed as an interim measure to ensure that on a practical level ACCE continued to exist. During this time ACCE continued to try to meet the needs of chaplains in sharing resources and continued to organise an annual conference, provided CPD each Autumn and with Ampleforth Abbey offered an annual 24 hour retreat. (At this point the Diocesan Chaplaincy Coordinators agreed to organise their own annual conference, recognising that their role was one of support to ACCE and not vice-versa.) ACCE developed a website (currently offline) and uses other forms of social media to maintain connections with both members and non-members alike. Links were also re-established with CES. At Conference 2014, having retired from my chaplaincy post, I was able to stand for election as National Coordinator and was duly elected. This is an important role within the organisation, particularly in networking across many agencies in order to keep chaplaincy on the agenda in the face of competing demands within the education sector.
One of the recent issues for ACCE has been to attempt to raise awareness of the organisation, in particular in an effort to obtain funding. In the 20+ years since its inception many of the Bishops, contemporaries of the late Bishop Ambrose, for example, are no longer with us. Similarly Head Teachers may not be aware of the organisation and the documents published so long ago. Indeed Catholic education has faced enormous changes in the interim and continues to do so. A recent gathering of Diocesan Chaplaincy Coordinators recognised this and has set up a working party with representation from both ACCE and CES with the aim of revisiting and revising the documentation, producing new guidelines which will be more easy for employers to use. In addition, its brief is to look at issues of concern for chaplains including appraisal, job development and pay scales.The existing framework in schools, designed for teaching staff, isn't normally appropriate for chaplains. Obviously these issues impact both on employment and retention of chaplains.
The organisation is increasingly aware of chaplains in the primary sector. This is clearly an area of growth although frequently chaplaincy in this instance is seen as part of normal teaching duties.
Within the secondary sector some developments have not been positive: in particular the growth of students in year 7 and upwards being recognised and named as 'pupil chaplains', some even commissioned by their Bishop. This has been a cause for concern amongst chaplains already in post and has given rise to doubts as to whether Head Teachers and Governors fully understand the role and purpose of a chaplain. Increasingly we have been made aware of the employment of young, inexperienced people into chaplaincy with little life experience.
ACCE is the only organisation for the 100+ chaplains within Catholic Education in England and Wales.
ACCE was formed in 1993 and was developing at a crucial time for the Church and Catholic education in Britain. The role of the laity and lay ministry had been affirmed by 'The Sign we Give' and Christifideles Laici. Various models of collaborative ministry were being explored at a time when more and more demands were being made on fewer priests and when chaplaincy in schools would be transformed from a mainly clerical model to a lay one, with a full-time priest chaplain becoming a rarity. Chaplaincy: The Change and the Challenge (CCC) was the first document to be produced which addressed these issues and also offered advice on the emerging but very practical issues of the appointment, training, terms and conditions and suchlike of the chaplain to the Catholic school. It followed a long period of consultation by the ACCE executive at the time and was pulled together largely through the work of Fr Gerry Ewing and gained the support of the Bishops' Conference. For the first time, queries about chaplains' job description, role, induction and other related issues could be met with a professional handbook. The launch of the document in the presence of Bishop John Rawsthorne was a time of real celebration and a sense of a necessary job done well.
In the time between CCC and the later Guide to the Employment of Lay Chaplains in Schools and Colleges, much of the work of ACCE was behind the scenes. The various executives continued to meet, to plan conferences and training weeks and to respond to the ever-changing needs of chaplaincy, including fulfilling engagements at diocesan and school level to participate in awareness raising and training, whether for Governing bodies or new chaplains. An area of ongoing concern was the training needs of chaplains. Many of these were addressed through workshops and keynote speakers at conferences. As school budgets were stretched, a 5-day training course was simply too expensive for many to attend. Issues such as professional supervision for the full-time chaplain were raised, as was the need for ongoing spiritual direction. ACCE developed a 24-hour CPD (Continuing Professional Development) programme for new chaplains' to try to meet this need. For a time an accredited Chaplaincy course ran at Ushaw (involving ACCE both in planning and delivery) and there are now some MA courses available.
The Guide to the Employment of Lay Chaplains in Schools and Colleges published by CES came as a response to requests for an updated and further developed set of guidelines intended primarily for dioceses and employers across the education sector. This involved a huge amount of consultation between ACCE and CES and much of the content was supplied by ACCE.
ACCE helped develop the role of Diocesan coordinators and for many years organised their annual conference. ACCE also led to the formation of ACVIC (Association of Catholic 6th form Colleges) in 2003 as all its founders and facilitators were active ACCE members who saw the need for a similar forum for the Catholic 6th Form College sector.
Much of this activity was carried out with the support and encouragement of Bishop Ambrose Griffiths, still fondly remembered by ACCE with much gratitude. In recent years we have also received support from Nottingham Diocese and in Julie Sweeney we are fortunate to have a quick and effective communicator and administrator.


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⭐⭐⭐ Karen Gardiner, Life, Eternity,and Everything: Hidden Eschatology in the Works of Lewis Carroll, pp. 25-41 in The Carrollian, Issue 31, 2018
⭐⭐ C.L. Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), Eternal Punishment, pp. 345-355 in The Lewis Carroll picture book, 1899
⭐⭐ Louise Schweitzer (Louise Dumas), Lewis Carroll and "The Hunting of the Snark", pp. 197-257 in One Wild Flower, Ph.D. thesis, 2012 (Goodreads)
⭐⭐ Lewis Carroll (poem), Martin Gardner (annotator), Henry Holiday (Illustrator), Charles Mitchell (Contributor), Selwin H. Goodacre (Contributor), The Hunting of the Snark, 1876/1981 (William Kaufmann Inc) (Goodreads)
⭐ John Tufail, Understanding Carroll's Theological and Philosophical Views (PDF), 2010
⭐ John Tufail, The Illuminated Snark, An enquiry into the relationship between text and illustration in 'The Hunting of the Snark' (PDF), 2004
Charlie Lovett, Lewis Carroll: Formed by Faith, 2022
(Regrettably, in Charlie Lovett's book there are no references to Karen Gardiner's excellent research.)
Lewis Carroll (poem), Martin Gardner (annotator), Henry Holiday (Illustrator), The Hunting of the Snark, 1876/1962 (Penguin Classics) (Goodreads)
Lewis Carroll (poem) and Mahendra Singh (illustration), The Hunting of the Snark, 1876/2014 (Goodreads)
Katherine Wakely-Mulroney: The Man Who Loved Children: Lewis Carroll Studies' Evidence Problem, Journal of the History of Sexuality, University of Texas Press, Volume 30, Number 3, pp. 335-362 (2021-09, The first seven pages of the article are in public domain.)
Günther Flemming, ALICE. Band 3: Die Jagd nach dem Schnark (Lewis Carroll), ALICEANA & Essays zu Leben und Werk. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt und kommentiert, 668 pages, (Berlin, 2013)
Michael Maurer, Kleine Geschichte Englands
(This was the first book made me aware of Thomas Cranmer's 42 Articles. Today I recommend Geschichte Englands, 2020)
William Whitla, Victor Shea (editors), Essays and Reviews: The 1860 Text and Its Reading, 2000
(E&R also is available in archive.org, but without the annotations and the accompanying documents.)
more links related to Article 42 in Thomas Cranmer's Forty-Two Articles (eternal punishment)
more @ Goodreads: [1][2]
my publications in the LCSNA Knight Letter
The image shows
※ my first book which made me aware of Thomas Cranmer's 42 Articles,
※ my latest guide through the Snark galaxy.
It's heavy reading now. (I set the scale to imperial units. That will make Jacob Rees-Mogg happy. Later, in hell, he'll use Planck units.)


When we asked Dr. Ettore Vulcano, a top orthopedic surgeon at Mount Sinai Health System, about the biggest challenges he sees patients face when seeking healthcare or navigating the healthcare system, it was evident that health insurance was at the root of many of these struggles.
At Better Health Advisors, this is an issue that we see time and time again. An individual requires medical care, but their insurance plan is not well aligned to meet those needs.
Fortunately, it's almost everyone's favorite time of year, again: Open Enrollment. From November 1st to December 15th, individuals and families can sign up for health insurance on the Healthcare Marketplace, change plans or switch insurers. Navigating through the health insurance jargon on the Marketplace website is complicated and time consuming. However, identifying the best health insurance plan for you and your family can help ensure that you have the coverage you need, when you need it.
That's where Better Health Advisors can help. Contact us to learn more about our custom health insurance offering, and continue to our website for our list of 5 important factors to consider when choosing a health insurance plan.
Great healthcare doesn't just happen. Let's create your plan for better healthcare, together.


text:
Ballyhale in seventh heaven after great All-Ireland club victory
Ashling Dalton
The Mullen brothers, Darren, Kevin, Adrian and Patrick with the Tommy Moore Cup
For as long as the Cody generation can remember, Ballyhale's appearances in Croke Park have been a frequent occurrence - almost as frequent as Kilkenny's, one could argue.
The team may have evolved, but their ruthless attitude still remains the same.
Sport has a habit of following a cyclical pattern, where teams can go through transition periods after a run of success before returning to the kind of form that led to that success. It is only natural, the conveyor belt of talent can slow down and new teams can emerge to challenge the status quo.
There was always something unique about Ballyhale, however. They went through a golden period shortly after the club was founded in 1972. With brief famines in between, they have become the most successful hurling club team in the country, with six All-Ireland club titles.
Not bad for a relatively young club!
Fast forward to Sunday, where they were looking to extend that gap between them and their nearest rivals, under the stewardship of one of their greatest players.
Anyone who would have watched Henry Shefflin throughout his playing career would have suspected he would have stepped in the world of management sooner rather than later. His natural leadership qualities and impressive reading of the game suit the position so well.
Logical Step
Managing Ballyhale was the most logical first step. He would be familiar with the squad, and would get good experience of the cut and thrust of Kilkenny club hurling and beyond.
It would not be a big stretch to speculate that Henry had always been observant of the management style of his old mentor, Brian Cody. The attributes both Henry and Brian associate with success are pretty much the same - drive, spirit and honesty. These qualities have served both Ballyhale and Kilkenny well through the years.
Henry and his team's journey to this point has been laden with bumps and twists and turns. One must not forget the close county semi-final against Erin's Own of Castlecomer, where a fortuitous goal saw Ballyhale emerge victorious.
The 'Comer men really had the Southern club on the rocks that day, but typical to Ballyhale, they dug deep and got the result they wanted.
The success they have had, however, is also a direct result of the new wave of talent that has come through. Players such as Eoin Cody, Evan Shefflin, Adrian and Darren Mullen have added that extra freshness and hunger to the team which was already decorated with well-known faces.
St Thomas, Ballyhale's opponents, were also All Ireland winners - this wasn't their first rodeo. They were a rural, country, club with a big tradition like Ballyhale so it was a case of which team could pinpoint the other's weakness and exploit it the most.
Massive Blow
The build-up to the big game was a little blighted with news that Michael Fennelly might be sidelined with a knee injury.
If he couldn't line out, it would have been a massive blow to Ballyhale. It turned out to be mere speculation however, as he took his place at centre back.
The Kilkenny side got off to a blistering start in the first five minutes, with points coming from TJ Reid and Adrian Mullen. Already, Colin Fennelly was causing the St Thomas defence all sorts of trouble with his menacing runs. His first goal came off a rebound from Gerald Murray the St Thomas's goalkeeper and he flicked into the net.
Ballyhale had their tails up - but anything can happen in hurling and St Thomas's managed to gain a foothold in the game with a penalty conceded by Darren Mullen. Conor Cooney converted it with ease. Ballyhale responded well with Adrian Mullen slotting over a point. TJ then pointed a free.
One glaring observation was that referee Fergal Horgan was a little inconsistent with his decision making. It may not have made a difference in the final score, but Ballyhale found that the fouls committed against them were not being punished but that St Thomas's were getting those decisions easier.
Ballyhale chose to use this as motivation however, and tacked on the points. Colin Fennelly than followed this up with a goal set up by Adrian Mullen and left the St Thomas defence stunned. St Thomas's were floundering in the eye of the Ballyhale storm.
Their best scorer, Darragh Burke, slotted over a point just before half-time. One would wonder if St Thomas's could conjure up any plan for what a Ballyhale were throwing at them.
That answer was a firm NO! Ballyhale took control halfway through the second half and didn't look back. Colin Fennelly gave a Man of the Match performance by scoring 2-4 but Adrian Mullen would have also been a credible candidate.
Mullen's vision, flair and easygoing style was a joy to watch. It would be fair to suggest a certain Brian Cody was somewhere earmarking him for a Kilkenny jersey. He certainly did himself no harm.
It was not just one Mullen who impressed on Sunday however, Darren Mullen was also impressive in defence with his vital interceptions and blocks, and who could forget Patrick Mullen's point in the 38th minute. Magic!
St Thomas's, try as they might, simply had no answers for Ballyhale. They had a star-studded lineup, with Cooneys and Burkes aplenty but, as can happen with some teams, they could not reproduce their form when it mattered the most.
A word on Ballyhale, and Henry Shefflin. For a club with limited resources, as Michael Fennelly put it in his speech, their ability to conjure up great hurlers and keep evolving their style rivals few other clubs around the country.
There will be players amongst that panel who will be seen in black and amber jerseys sooner or later, and that can only mean great things!


During a study of the anaerobic microbial community of a lithifying hypersaline microbial mat of Lake 21 on the Kiritimati atoll (Kiribati Republic, Central Pacific) strain L21-RPul-D2T was isolated. The closest phylogenetic neighbor was Spirochaeta africana Z-7692T that shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence identity value of 90% with the novel strain and thus was only distantly related. A comprehensive polyphasic study including determination of the complete genome sequence was initiated to characterize the novel isolate.Cells of strain L21-RPul-D2T had a size of 0.2 – 0.25 × 8–9 μm, were helical, motile, stained Gram-negative and produced an orange carotenoid-like pigment. Optimal conditions for growth were 35°C, a salinity of 50 g/l NaCl and a pH around 7.0. Preferred substrates for growth were carbohydrates and a few carboxylic acids. The novel strain had an obligate fermentative metabolism and produced ethanol, acetate, lactate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide during growth on glucose. Strain L21-RPul-D2T was aerotolerant, but oxygen did not stimulate growth. Major cellular fatty acids were C14:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0 and C18:0. The major polar lipids were an unidentified aminolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained L-ornithine as diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall peptidoglycan. The complete genome sequence was determined and annotated. The genome comprised one circular chromosome with a size of 3.78 Mbp that contained 3450 protein-coding genes and 50 RNA genes, including 2 operons of ribosomal RNA genes. The DNA G + C content was determined from the genome sequence as 51.9 mol%. There were no predicted genes encoding cytochromes or enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of respiratory lipoquinones.Based on significant differences to the uncultured type species of the genus Spirochaeta, S. plicatilis, as well as to any other phylogenetically related cultured species it is suggested to place strain L21-RPul-D2T (=DSM 27196T = JCM 18663T) in a novel species and genus, for which the name Salinispira pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
Copyright statement: Copyright © 2015 Ben Hania et al.; licensee BioMed Central.
Paludibacterium yongneupense gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a wetland, Yongneup, in Korea.
Cryptomarasmius gen. nov. established in the Physalacriaceae to accommodate members of Marasmius section Hygrometrici.
Natronolimnobius baerhuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Natronolimnobius innermongolicus sp. nov., novel haloalkaliphilic archaea isolated from soda lakes in Inner Mongolia, China.


The song "Nobody Rides For Free", was a single by Ratt that was originally taken from the Point Break soundtrack.
The song was written several years before its release by songwriter, Steve Caton, who performed it live many times in various Los Angeles and Hollywood clubs with his band Climate of Crisis.
Later, after the song was presented to Ratt for the Point Break soundtrack, members Stephen Pearcy, Warren DeMartini, and Juan Croucier made their own changes to it, primarily in lyrics. This was Ratt's first single recorded without guitarist Robbin Crosby who left the band the year before due to a drug addiction. The song was played during the ending credits of Point Break.
The music video for the song shows the band playing on a beach, intercut with some clips from the 1991 action-thriller Point Break.
The group is perhaps best known for hit singles such as "Round and Round" and "Lay It Down", tracks that ranked on Billboard's top 40 at No. 12 and No. 40, respectively, as well as other songs such as "Wanted Man", "You're in Love" and "Dance".
Along with groups such as friendly rivals Mötley Crüe, Ratt has been recognized as instrumental in the formation of the early 1980s Los Angeles glam metal scene, also known as "hair metal" or "pop metal".


text:
City Official's Message In This Issue
Phoenix: Making Smart Investments for the Future
In this first of six installments, the city of Phoenix, Ariz. dissects the passing of a transportation funding package to improve the city's infrastructure and making stormwater infrastructure a top priority in light of severe flooding in 2014
By Kate Gallego
Photography by Arizona Department of Transportation
When most people think of Phoenix, many things may come to mind—our warm, sunny weather, our beautiful desert landscapes, our second-to-none Mexican food—but being a leader in infrastructure investment may not be first on your list. However, a good story is unfolding in Phoenix, where our city is making the investments we need to think wisely for our future.
Around six months after I was elected to office, Phoenix suffered what was one of the most severe flood events in living memory. This 100-year storm event brought to light an issue that hadn't come up much in my recently completed campaign for public office—the need to make serious investments in a habitually underfunded stormwater infrastructure system. I met people whose homes were destroyed, and constituents who put a very human face on what for many had previously been a wonky issue. Even though I had not chosen this issue to be the centerpiece of my campaign, this issue had chosen me.
The biggest roll out for 2016 thanks to Proposition 104 was October's $17 million expansion of local bus and Dial-A-Ride hours, making it easier for residents and visitors to have access to transportation.
While at first it took a while to get the lay of the land, I worked together with my colleagues on the City Council to try and devise creative financing and begin the critical if sometimes unglamorous work of securing the investments we needed. The city of Phoenix recently completed the largest regional stormwater retention basin to be constructed, to date, in South Mountain – an area in my district, prone to severe flooding, that was significantly impacted by the torrential rain storms that swept through the Valley in 2014. The newly constructed $4.5 million retention basin was designed to provide holding capacity for excess stormwater to allow adjacent receiving channels time to drain and prevent overflows and will serve as an «outfall» for the future planned storm drain systems.
The total investment for the Light Rail Extension project was $704 million. "We are clearly taking transit infrastructure seriously," Gallego says.
In addition to enhancing stormwater management, the perimeter around the dual-purpose retention basin features a parklike setting with landscaping that includes shade trees and native shrubs and a nearly one-mile long, 12-foot wide, multi-purpose path that provides a new amenity for the community. Building an outfall is a critical first step before constructing the rest of the drainage system. By working together with county and regional leaders, we took a first step in aggressively improving our infrastructure to handle heavy rainfall.
Having seen the importance of infrastructure in the realm of stormwater, I soon began to focus my attention on another area, transportation. I chaired the campaign to pass Proposition 104, a voter approved transportation plan through 2050. This plan was an "all-of-the-above" multimodal approach—to fund not only a historic expansion of our wildly successful light rail system, but to also fund improvements to streets, sidewalks, and bike infrastructure.
Already the plan is bearing fruit. In April 2016, Route 32 was added to provide local bus service in an area of the city that had been without bus service for years. This area, which includes a large concentration of the city›s refugee community, will now have more direct access to work, school, stores and cultural and entertainment options. We also have invested $22.94 million and have announced a new station will serve local businesses and provide added convenience for riders who are traveling from across the Valley to access independent lifestyle resources for people with disabilities at Ability360, a local community center oriented toward people with disabilities.
Transportation infrastructure will remain a priority in Phoenix due to the passing of Proposition 104, which will fund improvements to streets, sidewalks, and bike infrastructure.
Our biggest roll out for 2016 thanks to Proposition 104 was October's $17 million expansion of local bus and Dial-A-Ride hours. This included extending the service day by three hours, seven days a week, to match light rail hours Monday to Thursday, as well as increasing frequency on Phoenix bus routes to 30 minutes or less. It doesn't end there, because this April we are planning to extend the hours of Friday, Saturday and Sunday again to ensure Phoenix's local bus service operates the same hours as light rail.
We also have expanded light rail service. One new extension that opened this year already serves 5,000 riders per day. We are in process to begin soon on the South Central Light Rail Extension, an approximately five mile extension connecting Downtown to South Phoenix, the historically minority-majority area of the city I am proud to represent. Total investment for the project was $704 million—while obviously not all that is City money, we are clearly taking transit infrastructure seriously.
Don't look now, but Phoenix has quietly and methodically gone from being a boom-and-bust city to one that has reoriented toward making serious investments in our infrastructure. I've been proud to help lead this effort, and expect that as we have come into our own, Phoenix is a community that will continue to invest wisely in our future in the years to come.
Vice Mayor Kate Gallego represents District 8, a diverse area that includes everything from one of the world's busiest airports to the world's largest municipal park. As a member of the Phoenix City Council, Kate has focused her energy on economic development and improving Phoenix's transportation system. She led the campaign to pass Proposition 104, the city's transportation plan through 2050. She may be reached at council.district.8@phoenix.gov.
← Creating a Smart City Starts with Transportation
Electric Grid Study Ordered by U.S. Energy Chief to Boost Coal →
Infrastructure – A Bipartisan Issue
The New Standard: Bicycles and Urban Design
Smart Cities & Intelligent Transportation in 2020


Lip rings - Piercing Jewelry Manufacturer offers Retail and wholesale at factory price.
Lip rings 14g are the standard size that sells the most. The first timers usually go for this before wearing bigger gauge sized 18 gauge labret lip rings.


Published on Aug 9, 2012 at 5:40 pm in Dangerous Drugs.
Yesterday, a panel of Federal Judges ruled that 21 lawsuits against the drug manufacturer Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals should be joined together in front of one Federal Judge in the Southern District of Illinois. This consolidation, known as multi-district litigation, is intended to allow cases to move along more quickly and efficiently. The cases that have been filed come from a variety of states including Florida, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee.
Pradaxa, which is also known by its scientific name Dabigatran, is a medication that is used to prevent strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation. The lawsuits that have been filed allege that Prodaxa also causes life threatening internal bleeding and has led to patients suffering gastro-intestinal bleeding requiring transfusions and other interventions and in some cases, causing death.
The Pradaxa cases have been consolidated in front of Federal Court Judge David Herndon who did an outstanding job handling the multi-district litigation regarding the Yasmin and Yaz. While there is a long way to go, those injured as a result of taking Pradaxa and loved ones of those who died as a result of the drug, are now one step closer to seeking closure.
The pharmaceutical industry has a responsibility to ensure the safety of the patients who are taking their drugs. If a drug that is supposed to improve a patient's health actually endangers it, patients have the right to hold the pharmaceutical company responsible. Experienced Louisville dangerous drugs attorney, Tad Thomas is dedicated to helping injured victims of defective drugs obtain the compensation they need for recovery.


Pneumatic transport of bulk abrasive products. Discharge from road and rail tankers and delivery to storage bins (cement, sand, limestone, coal, etc.).
Light weight, flexible hose that coils flat. Excellent resistance to abrasion. Static conductive tube.


text:
Q: Getting an error I don't understand with k8s My yaml file.
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-service
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$1
spec:
  rules:
    -http:
      paths:
        - path: /?(.*)
          backend:
            serviceName: nginx-service
            servicePort: 80

kubectl apply -f file.yaml

error: error validating "ingress.yaml": error validating data: ValidationError(Ingress.spec.rules): invalid type for io.k8s.api.networking.v1beta1.IngressSpec.rules: got "map", expected "array"; if you choose to ignore these errors, turn validation off with --validate=false

A: this is yaml template error only, use
kubectl explain ingress.spec.rules

to get idea.
The hostname is also missing in the ingress rule, should have been something like
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-service
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$1
spec:
  rules:
    -host: {replace-me-with-hostname}
     http:
       paths:
        - path: /?(.*)
          backend:
            serviceName: nginx-service
            servicePort: 80

A: The issue is with typo in "-http" (no whitespace char between the hyphen and the 'h' letter).
spec:
  rules:
    -http:   <--- this doesn't create an array, and array is expected instead of map
      paths:

How to troubleshoot such issues (and what Kubernetes does "under_the_hood"):

*

*yamllint . It is possible to put the yaml code to any online YAML syntax validator . Let's check the line_11. There is ? symbol that states that yamllint had to guess what is wrong with that line. Please note that yamllint still considers this YAML as Valid.

*

*convert yaml to JSON. That's exactly what kubectl does before sending data to  kube-apiserver. it is possible to do that with json2yaml tool for example. You'll immidiately see that the tool parses it as a map and not as an array.

Tha is how it converted to JSON with incorrect YAML.

And with the corrected YAML it parsed as array

How it is supposed to work.
As with all other Kubernetes resources, an Ingress needs apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields. Additionally, Ingress frequently uses annotations to configure some options depending on the Ingress controller, an example of which is the rewrite-target annotation.
Different Ingress controllers support different annotations.
If anyone needs comprehensive info on rewrite-target, that can be found here
IngressRule represents the rules mapping the paths under a specified host to the related backend services. Incoming requests are first evaluated for a host match, then routed to the backend associated with the matching IngressRuleValue.
host have to be of a string type and contain fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of a network host.
Current Limitations (client GitVersion:"v1.16.3", Server GitVersion:"v1.14.8-gke.12"):

*

*IPs aren't allowed. IngressRuleValue can only apply to the IP in the Spec of the parent Ingress.

*The : delimiter is not respected because ports are not allowed. As of now, the port of an Ingress is implicitly :80 for http and :443 for https.

Both these may change in the future.
Incoming requests are matched against the host before the IngressRuleValue. If the host is unspecified, the Ingress routes all traffic based on the specified IngressRuleValue.
So, the structure shall be as the following:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: dual-ingress
  annotations:
    <your-annotations-go-here>
spec:
  rules:
  - host: <your-hostname-1-goes-here>
    http:
      paths:
      - path: <host-1-path-1>
        backend:
          serviceName: <service1>
          servicePort: <service1-port>
      - path: <host-1-path-2>
        backend:
          serviceName: <service2>
          servicePort: <service2-port>
  - host: <your-hostname-2-goes-here>
    http:
      paths:
      - path: <host-2-path-1>
        backend:
          serviceName: <service3>
          servicePort: <service3-port>
      - path: <host-2-path-2>
        backend:
          serviceName: <service4>
          servicePort: <service4-port>

the above YAML creates the following Ingress :
kubectl get ingress

NAME           HOSTS                                     ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
dual-ingress   your-hostname-1,your-hostname-2,bar.com             80      14s

In case you don't specify host in YAML all  traffic will be routed according to IngressRuleValue.
YAML example:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: mono-ingress
  annotations:
    <your-annotations-go-here>
spec:
  rules:
     - http:
        paths:
          - path: <path-1>
            backend:
              serviceName: <service1>
              servicePort: <service1-port>
          - path: <path-2>
            backend:
              serviceName: <service2>
              servicePort: <service2-port>

The above YAML creates the following Ingress :
kubectl get ingress -o wide
NAME           HOSTS                ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
mono-ingress   *                              80      10s

So, to sum up, rules: field shall contain an array (and topic starter missed single space char between "-" and "http", so it wasn't parsed as an array, but map)
Hope that helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Maximising fat burn and weight loss, Development of lean muscle, Boosting energy, Aiding detox. The most important recovery window after exercise is the first 20 minutes. This is when your muscles are most sensitive to glucose uptake and taking protein into the cell for repair after exercise.


text:
'use strict';

var pluginPoints = require('./plugin-points');

module.exports = function (gulp, gutil) {
  var validPluginPoints = pluginPoints.getPoints();
  var hasValidatedServer = false;

  function validateAndCollectPluginPoints(points) {
    var pluginPoints = [];
    var error = false;
    points.forEach(function(point){
      var pluginPoint = point.trim();
      if (validPluginPoints.indexOf(pluginPoint) > -1) {
        pluginPoints.push(point.trim());
      } else {
        gutil.log(gutil.colors.red(pluginPoint + ' is not a valid plugin point'));
        error = true;
      }
    });

    if (error) {
      process.exit(1);
    }

    return { 'pluginPoints': pluginPoints };
  }

  function getPluginPoints() {
    var points = gutil.env['points'];
    if (typeof points !== 'undefined') {
      return validateAndCollectPluginPoints(points.split(','));
    }

    //validated server.conf.json plugin points
    var pluginPoints = server.pluginPoints();
    if (typeof pluginPoints !== 'undefined') {
      return validateAndCollectPluginPoints(pluginPoints);
    }

    return undefined;
  }

  function pluginPoint(pointName) {
    return {
      name: pointName
    };
  }

  var server;

  function getServer() {
    if (server) {
      return server;
    }

    var error = false;
    try {
      server = require('../lib/server.js')(gulp, gutil);
      if (server.serverUrl() === undefined) {
        gutil.log(gutil.colors.red('A server URL is required in your configuration. ' +
          'Please use template.server.conf.json to create server.conf.json.'));
        error = true;
      }
      if (server.pluginToken() === undefined) {
        gutil.log(gutil.colors.red('A plugin token is required in your configuration. ' +
          'Please use template.server.conf.json to create server.conf.json.'));
        error = true;
      }
    } catch (err) {
      gutil.log(gutil.colors.red(err.message));
      error = true;
    }
    if (error) {
      process.exit(1);
    }
    return server;
  }

  return {
    getPluginPoints: function() {
      return getPluginPoints();
    },
    getServer: getServer,
    getPluginPointChoices: function() {
      var pluginPointChoices = [];

      validPluginPoints.forEach(function(point) {
        pluginPointChoices.push(pluginPoint(point));
      });

      return pluginPointChoices;
    }
  };
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you think that meat is the only source of protein then how do vegans and vegetarians get the protein required by the body? Well, if you are one among these groups and are still looking out for the best sources of protein, then you need to check this article. We will be explaining about a few of the best protein sources for vegans and vegetarians. The best part about these protein-rich foods for vegetarians is that they are easily available.
Proteins, which mainly comprise of amino acids, is an important component required for the maintenance of cells and tissues. When the body lacks in adequate protein it hampers the functioning of the cells and the tissues and can lead to several health problems.Hence, having an adequate amount of protein that the body requires is highly essential for the proper functioning of the body. Also, protein is required to keep up the energy level in human beings. If you are into a lot of physical activities, protein is required.
Listed here are a few of the best sources of proteins for vegans and vegetarians. Take a look.
1. Soy milk – Soy milk is rich in protein and also an important source of vitamin D, B12 and calcium.A "good" source of a nutrient supplies 10 to 19 percent of the recommended dietary intake for that nutrient, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's definition. The daily recommended intake for protein is 46 grams for women and 56 grams for men. Soy milk qualifies as a good source of protein for both women and men.
2. Oats – Oats are not just rich in protein and fibre but also a good source of magnesium and zinc. So those of you who are vegans and vegetarians can have half a cup of oats every day to get the required protein.dding a serving of oats to your daily diet is a way to get just a bit more protein. Generally, the more processed oats are, the less protein they'll have. No matter which variety you choose, though, oats can give you as much as 10 percent to 14 percent of your protein needs for the day, if you follow a 2,000-calorie diet.
3. Nuts – Nuts like almonds, cashews and walnuts are not just rich in healthy fats but they are also a good source of protein.Nuts and seeds are a heart healthy snack. Almonds, in particular, have been proven to lower cholesterol. In addition to being a good source of fiber and fats, nuts can also be a good source of protein.
4. Chia seeds – A rich source of protein, chia seeds are also an excellent source of vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrients. Chia seeds are among the healthiest foods on the planet.They are loaded with nutrients that can have important benefits for your body and brain.
5. Quinoa – Most people are still not aware of the health benefits of quinoa, but it is one of the best sources of protein and fibre for those who are vegetarians.The problem is that many plant foods are deficient in certain essential amino acids, such as lysine. However, quinoa is an exception to this, because it contains all the essential amino acids. For this reason, it is an excellent source of protein. It has both more and better protein than most grains.
6. Spirulina – Spirulina contains a rich amount of protein. In addition, it also has other nutrients like magnesium, potassium and fatty acids that are essential for the body. Spirulina is a natural "algae" (cyanbacteria) powder that is incredibly high in protein and a good source of antioxidants, B-vitamins and other nutrients. It is largely made up of protein and essential amino acids, and is typically recommended to vegetarians due to its high natural iron content.
7. Lentil – Rich in proteins, fibre and antioxidants, lentils help in maintaining the gut. Also, it helps in reducing the risk of several health issues like diabetes and cancer as well.Rich in proteins, fibre and antioxidants, lentils help in maintaining the gut. Also, it helps in reducing the risk of several health issues like diabetes and cancer as well.
8. Tofu – Tofu is made out of soybean and is one of the best sources of protein. Not just protein, it also consists of several other nutrients that our body requires. One can use tofu to prepare curries.Tofu is a good source of protein and contains all eight essential amino acids. It is also an excellent source of iron and calcium and the minerals manganese, selenium and phosphorous. In addition, tofu is a good source of magnesium, copper, zinc and vitamin B1.
I am a vivacious and a vibrant person that brings joy to everything that I lay foot in. Reading and writing is not just my passion but determination. Writing for me is like being home again.


After going down 3-5 in the second half, the Spartans rallied to score three goals in a three minute span to win 6-5 against conference opponent Hastings. Leading the Spartans was senior Lexi Reichenbach who scored the first four goals of the game and eventually scored the game winning goal with under seven minutes left in the game.
The Spartans return to action on Monday, October 1st hosting the Tartan Titans for senior night & student appreciation. The boys kick off against Tartan at 5pm & the girls will kick off at 7pm. There will be a ceremony to honor the senior soccer girls & their families at 6:45pm. All Simley HS students will get into the game for free. Come out to cheer on your Spartans and enjoy some Raising Cane's chicken fingers!


text:
World View: How Sheikha Hoor Al Qasimi Transformed Sharjah Into an International Art Capital
Ibid Gallery to Relocate to 13,000-Square-Foot Complex in Downtown Los Angeles
By Nate Freeman
Nate Freeman
More Stories by Nate
The Messenger: How a Video by Arthur Jafa Became a Worldwide Sensation—and Described America to Itself
ICA Boston Announces Four Curatorial Appointments
NADA New York to Launch Acquisition Fund for Bronx Museum of the Arts
September 8, 2016 10:12am
Rendering of one of the new Ibid Gallery spaces.
COURTESY IBID GALLERY
Two years after opening a project space in Los Angeles, Ibid Gallery now has a permanent home in that city's Boyle Heights neighborhood, a massive complex that includes three separate exhibition spaces. The inaugural programming will feature shows by David Adamo and Devin Farrand, as well as a group show, "Sleep," curated by Paolo Colombo, that will include work by Ed Ruscha, Rosemarie Trockel, and Felix Gonzalez-Torres. All three shows open on September 25.
Like many spaces in the area, the galleries are converted warehouses, and Ibid has already has a specific vision for each venue. Gallery One will feature shows put together by guest curators, Gallery Two will showcase "works of significant provenance," while Gallery Three will show emerging Los Angeles–based artists, or emerging artists who have not yet shown in the city.
Ibid now stands at 670 South Anderson Street in Boyle Heights, putting it adjacent to Maccarone's Los Angeles gallery and the 365 Mission project space. And if that address sounds familiar, it's because the new art venue for Hollywood's United Talent Agency is also at 670 South Anderson Street—its space is an annex to the Ibid cluster of galleries.
Ibid Gallery


text:
Gli Squaliformi (Squaliformes ) sono un ordine di squali che include 120 specie in sette famiglie.

Classificazione
Famiglia Echinorhinidae
 Echinorhinus

Famiglia Squalidae
 Cirrhigaleus
 Squalus

Famiglia Centrophoridae
 Centrophorus
 Deania

Famiglia Etmopteridae
 Aculeola
 Centroscyllium
 Etmopterus
 Miroscyllium
 Trigonognathus

Famiglia Somniosidae
 Centroscymnus
 Centroselachus
 Proscymnodon
 Scymnodalatias
 Scymnodon
 Somniosus
 Zameus

Famiglia Oxynotidae
 Oxynotus

Famiglia Dalatiidae
 Dalatias
 Euprotomicroides
 Euprotomicrus
 Heteroscymnoides
 Isistius
 Mollisquama
 Squaliolus

Voci correlate
Specie di Chondrichthyes

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


QUICK JUMP: Contestants Pageant Information How to compete in Miss Delaware USA & Miss Delaware Teen USA 2018?
Miss Delaware USA- Sierra Wright represented Wilmington age 20, represented Delaware at Miss USA, did not place.
Miss Delaware Teen USA- Brynn Close represented Middletow age 18, represented Delaware at Miss Teen USA, did not place.


Kinda just for fun and out of curiosity and because, you know, everyone seems to have an opinion on this. I believe I've read most Americans (something in the order of 75%) think it was a conspiracy.
I, personally, haven't seen any proof to compel me to believe a conspiracy is likely, and Oswald's history makes it seem pretty likely he was just the kinda guy to do something like this.
I don't even know if he acted at all.
That day was the end of democracy.. The Kennedy assassination was the day the Government of the People of the USA ceased to be and the military industrial complex took over. Oswald, if he was involved did not act alone.
They say you are never more American than when you are alone, whether it's the Lone Ranger or the lone gunman.
So it is hard for Americans to believe lone gunmen get together in a conspiracy. I mean it's UnAmerican.
So it was almost impossible for Americans to believe in American Jihad.
Yet we are now seeing home grown American Jihadi conspiring with Global Jihadi.
The lone American read alone, but now Americans conspire on the telephone. Americans now breathe together on the telephone - they con-spire.
Americans can hear one another take the next breath. So they breathe together. And the lone gunman fades into the Mythical West and rides off into the sunset.
Of course he acted alone, to suggest otherwise is completely off the point. There is no way that a conspiracy is possible, there is no evidence for it. What facts are there that say John F Kennedy was the victim of anything more than a nutter with a gun.
Lee Harvey Oswald was a patsy. Kennedy was killed by The Doctor.
He probably acted alone. There is no evidence that proves otherwise. Lots of people believe such evidence exists because of fictional movies (that people believe are factual) like JFK.
Having studied the assassination in several of my college poli. sci. courses, I'm of the opinion that the official story is spurious to say the least.
Take a close look at the Warren Commission. Or all of the people in a position to know something about the situation who died of "accidental" causes after the assassination.
Or the fact that one person could not have fired the number of aimed shots recorded, from a bolt action Carcano rifle within the time allotted.
Actually that has been showed how possible it is plenty of times. There's even declassified KGB video showing this during their own investigations into the Kennedy assasination, and much of it collaborates the Warren Comission. Only real difference I can recall is that they concluded it probably wasn't Oswald(who they classified as unreliable).


So excited to drive my new touring civic. I still come to see Peter for my cars even though I live in the GTA. Easy communication via email and our car was in perfect condition as promised! Thoroughly impressed from start to finish. Thank you!


Inner Space, Architectural design Firm in Kannamangala, Bangalore.
5 average based on 4 reviews.
It was our first home and we wanted even my interiors to go with what my family thoughts were and that's when we came to know about Inner Space Interior Designers.. We asked them to do a turnkey job from design to execution. The entire team was extremely professional. Would definitely recommend them as best interior designers in bangalore.. rnThe dedication and attentiveness were what made me decide to go with Inner Space. We sincerely appreciate and extremely grateful for the work, time and effort put into making sure all our request for earlier completion of project was met. We am highly satisfied with your professionalism and superlative skills. Highly recommended for apartment interior designers in bangalore..rnCheers..
Inner Space helped us with complete home decor for our 3BHK apartment at bangalore. They were very professional in their approach. The quality of things delivered are as per their brand value. No compromise in it. Would definitely recommend Inner Space to others for apartment interior designer.rnrnWe were taken through the entire process of multiple discussion, 3-D design, and material selection. Beautiful design and excellent execution by Inner Space at our apartment. Special thanks to Yogesh and Aanchal for their support who worked on my house and made it a wonderful place to stay .rnrnCheers..


National City is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County and has a historic past. Originally, National City was used by Spanish soldiers to graze horses. After the area gained independence from Spain, President Andrew Johnson issued a land patent, and listed the name as "The National Ranch." National City is surrounded by San Diego to the north and northeast, Bonita to the southeast, and Chula Vista to the south. The San Diego Bay lies to the immediate west of National City and the city is 15 minutes away from the United States and Mexico border.
The Madge Bradley Building on 1409 Fourth Avenue in San Diego services residents of National City. This courthouse hears probate cases as well as family law cases pertaining to divorce and restraining orders.
Our law office and attorneys have a prowess in various estate planning areas of law. Some of these areas include probate, wills, trusts, asset protection, advanced health care directives, revocable and irrevocable trusts, retirement planning, power of attorney, guardianship, estate administration, and grandchildren's trusts.
We pride ourselves on being your dependable local attorneys. Contact us online or reach our office at 877-435-7411 to set up an appointment with one of our reliable family lawyers. We will provide a complimentary consultation and offer our legal advice on how to go about achieving your legal goals. Our office is located in Rancho Bernardo off the I-15 on Bernardo Center Drive. Our signs are visible on the southwest corner of the second floor in the Clock Tower Office Complex.


Pope's address to the European Parliament focuses on consumerism, migration and human rights in a now 'haggard' Europe.
On November 25th Pope Francis addressed the European Parliament in Strasbourg, as part of his second European tour in just over a year.
Parliamentarians listening to the first papal address to the council in more than a quarter of a century, heard the Argentinean pontiff express views on wide ranging topics including consumerism, loneliness, migration and human rights.
MEPs were told that the 77-year-old pope's message was one of "hope and encouragement" to a Europe which he felt is in the midst of a decline.
"We encounter a general impression of weariness and ageing, of a Europe that is now a grandmother, no longer fertile and vibrant," he said. Part of the decline was due to what he views as an increasingly disconnected society.Human rights are central to a secure future for all citizens'.
Controversially, the Pope made reference to the potential danger of the recent withdrawal of countries, such as Italy, from operations to rescue migrants trying to reach Europe by sea from Africa.
"We cannot allow the Mediterranean Sea to become a cast cemetery," said the pope, who last year visited Lampedusa, the Sicilian island which has become a controversial landing zone for asylum seekers and economic migrants.
His comments were welcomed by, among others, President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz who reportedly called the speech a "message of peace and dialogue, sincerity and responsibility for each other".
The alliance of Catholic development agencies, CIDSE Secretary-General Bernd Nilles called for parliamentarians to take the pope's words seriously: "We hope Members of European Parliament were listening well to the message of the Holy Father."
The pope's visit to Strasbourg will be followed by a three-day visit to Turkey this weekend. A formal invitation was sent from Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The visit will make him the third pope to visit Turkey in recent decades, after St John Paul II in 1979 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2006.


text:
Russia's juniors set to take off without incident
Russia's junior hockey team arrived at Buffalo Niagara International Airport with a police escort, and prepared to depart with a sobering message following an over-exuberant, headline-grabbing, extended stay.
"I feel better," forward Yevgeni Kuznetsov repeated with a smile Friday morning.
The Russians are leaving! The Russians are leaving!
One day after being removed from their flight for being unruly, the 30-or-so members of the World Junior Hockey Championship gold medal-winning Russian contingent were in an upbeat mood and eager to finally return home.
"Very happy," Mikhail Zislis, the team's media officer said. "Everybody is waiting for us in Russia."
They're scheduled to arrive in Moscow on Saturday. That's a day later than scheduled, and they'll be traveling in two groups — one through New York City and another through Atlanta.
Airport spokesman C. Douglas Hartmayer said he was informed of no trouble regarding the Russian travelers. He added the flight to New York left on time, and the flight to Atlanta was also scheduled to leave on time later in the day.
The change in itinerary became necessary after Russia's original travel plans were undone by a long night of celebration that followed a stunning 5-3 comeback win over Canada in the title game Wednesday.
Some five hours after their win, the Russians arrived at the airport in time for a 6:10 a.m. flight, but were turned back by the flight crew for what a Delta Air Lines official described as "unruly behavior."
Airport police Lt. James Bittner told The Associated Press on Friday that the team was rowdy upon arriving for check in, but had calmed down when passing through security. Bittner said players once again became rowdy upon boarding the plane.
Bittner also said one player had vomited, and was treated by medical officials at the airport before being cleared to board the flight.
Canadian Press video shows elated players whooping it up at a hotel bar following their victory.
The team's bus driver, Curtis Hall, told The Buffalo News that the Russians "were definitely intoxicated," and some players were so drunk they had to be carried onto the bus before leaving for the airport.
Zislis has disputed the reports, saying players were not intoxicated, and that they drank only champagne in the locker room following the victory. He accused Delta of overreacting for forcing the team off the plane. Zislis also said he was unaware of any player vomiting.
It was a completely different picture on Friday.
Upbeat and jovial, and with a few chants of "We are champions," the Russian contingent arrived in four separate shuttles and efficiently unloaded their luggage and equipment before checking in. Players signed autographs, posed for pictures with curious onlookers, and flashed their gold medals. A few also playfully used their cell phones to take pictures of a television camerawoman as she was videotaping them.
Digital message boards around the airport greeted the team by congratulating their victory.
All members of the Russian contingent had cleared security by 8:30 a.m., about an hour after they had arrived.
Shortly after checking in, Kuznetsov took out a wad of gum he was chewing and missed in his attempt to throw it into a garbage container 10 feet away.
Kuznetsov then picked up the gum and, with a big wink, deposited it before heading toward security and a long, welcome, trip home.
Associated Press Writer Carolyn Thompson contributed to this report.
https://www.foxnews.com/sports/russias-juniors-set-to-take-off-without-incident


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Welcome to Fat Buddha Asian Bar & Kitchen, Durham's newest Asian Fusion restaurants. Inside the bar and restaurant our design, food, drinks and service sets it firmly apart from all the other traditional Asian-based Durham restaurants in the city.
Our menu is based on Asian Fusion which brings a host of ingredients, flavours and preparation methods. Many dishes will not only have familiar basic ingredients, but a finished look and taste which will be totally fresh and new.
Our drinks menus are full of traditional wines, beers and spirits, with many new twists commonly known as cocktails. At Fat Buddha Durham Restaurants you will not only enjoy high design, but a unique atmosphere and dining experience Durham restaurants.
Fat Buddha has been named as the Best Restaurants in Durham (Restaurant of the Year 2008 & 2009 in the Durham City Retail Awards).


text:
Flying Swords Of Dragon Gate 3D (2D + 3D Limited Edition) Blu-ray (2011) (Region A) (English Subtitled)
Region Coding: Region A (Locked)
Zhou Xun
Mavis Fan
Fan Siu Wong
Guey Lun Mei
Gordon Liu
Aloys Chen Kun
Du Yi Heng
Zhang Xin Yu
Wang Shuang Bao
Wu Di
Chris Lee
Sun Jian Kui
Sheng Jian
Director & Producer:
Tsui Hark Action Director:
Yuen Chaam
DTS-HD Master Audio, Dolby Digital 5.1
Panorama (HK)
"Flying Sword of Dragon Gate" picks up three years after the infamous Dragon Inn was burnt down in the desert when its innkeeper JADE vanished. A new gang of marauders had taken over: innkeepers by day, and treasure hunters by night. The inn is the rumored location of a lost city buried under the desert and its hidden treasure would only be revealed by a gigantic storm every sixty years. The gang used the inn as a front to locate the lost treasure.
The storm is arriving. but the situation becomes more complicated when a pregnant concubine who escaped from the palace came to the inn. The concubine was saved by a mysterious woman LING, and the two fled to the Dragon Inn in hiding. Hot on their trail were the Imperial Assassins led by the powerful eunuch YU, followed by the righteous general ZHAO who was determined to take down Yu to restore order in the palace.
This Blu-ray set contains both the 3D version and the 2D version. To play the 3D version, you need a 3D Blu-ray player and a 3D compatible display that supports 3D glasses (glasses are not included for this item).


text:
Home Article The Fog of Advisers
The Fog of Advisers
The proposal forthcoming from the 9-11 Commission to create a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to oversee all of the federal government's intelligence activities will be no panacea to solve all the problems that have plagued the American intelligence community for years. Surely, though, it will be a step in the right direction. That the community's work should be coordinated, rather than confused and riven by interagency rivalries, is obvious. Indeed, it's so obvious that the legislation setting up the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Council, and other key pillars of the American national security apparatus in the wake of World War II envisioned just that. The CIA chief is intended to be not only the top man at one agency, but also a true Director of Central Intelligence -- the president and the National Security Council's adviser on all things intelligence, including those matters that fall outside the CIA's purview.
The reality, over the decades, has proven to be quite different. He who controls the budget controls the bureaucracy, and the bulk of the intelligence money in the current setup is controlled not by the CIA but by the Secretary of Defense. This includes not only each military's service's own intelligence arm, but also the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, and the National Reconnaissance Office, many of which do tasks that go far beyond the sort of battlefield intelligence that is the Pentagon's proper purview.
Proposals to change this system are always controversial within the executive-branch bureaucracy, since fixing it through the creation of a DNI to oversee it all would necessarily take a lot of power away from the Secretary of Defense and some from the CIA Director. But there's no reason to think the controversy should take a particularly partisan cast, as witnessed by the bipartisan 9-11 Commission's recent embrace of the idea; indeed, a previous bipartisan congressional inquiry into September 11 also reached the same conclusion. According to all reports, meanwhile, a special presidential advisory panel set up several years ago under former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft recommended something very similar.
Despite this, the dispute has somehow become a partisan one. The Democratic members of the House Intelligence Committee unanimously introduced legislation to make the change and there's been no action. The minority staff of the House Committee on Homeland Security produced a "comprehensive plan" for winning the war on terrorism that was broken down into helpful component elements, including the intelligence reform proposal, and there was no action. The president, after asking for the Scowcroft Commission's advice, chose not to take that advice. Instead, he had the report classified. John Kerry, meanwhile, has followed his colleagues in the House and embraced the DNI proposal as the centerpiece of his intelligence-reform plan.
So what's the Bush administration's problem with this? They don't claim that every independent inquiry into the situation is getting things wrong. Instead, action is always premature. The administration needs more time. The Scowcroft Commission's recommendations are still under review. For months they said they wanted to wait for the official release of the 9-11 Commission's recommendations before doing anything, even though everyone who follows the issue already knew exactly what they would say about it. Now White House Press Secretary Scott McClellan says the president is "open to additional ideas that build upon the reforms we are already implementing." But what's taking so long? What more urgent priorities has the wartime president had than to deal with than a recommendation that's been issued again and again by everyone charged with studying the topic?
As for the reforms they're already implementing, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, meanwhile, doesn't feel the need to wait before taking action -- he went ahead and made things worse. His idea of centralizing and rationalizing the intelligence community is was to create an Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, who oversees all of the Defense Department's various intelligence activities. Steven Cambone is on the job as we speak. The upshot of the action is to make a confused situation that much more confused. Cambone now has the specific job of running 70 percent of the nation's intelligence budget, while George Tenet's successor is supposed to somehow be the country's top intelligence officer. It's a recipe for chaos and conflict, but if it forestalls the creation of a DNI it will preserve the Pentagon's power and, indeed, might centralize enough power in Cambone's office to make him the key player in intelligence debates, essentially ensuring that no independent scrutiny will be given to Defense Department views on important questions.
There's no justification for this plan -- partisan, ideological, or otherwise -- which is why it finds precisely zero support from Republican members of independent inquiries. It's something Rumsfeld likes, something Rumsfeld's employees like, and something Rumsfeld's friends -- like his old buddy the Vice President of the United States -- like.
That Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney should take this attitude is disappointing, but hardly surprising. Self-serving advisers and bureaucrats are a fact of life in any administration, not something new. What is new is that the United States now has a president who can't understand the policy arguments that would let him cut through his advisers' fog. Under normal circumstances, the sort of games Rumsfeld is playing only work on relatively low-profile issues. When a president really wants to focus on an issue of national importance, he normally consults widely and figures out the difference between genuine advice and bureaucratic self-promotion. Now, though, we have a president who proclaims that he doesn't read newspapers, who values loyalty above all else, and who is, to use the current euphemism, rather intellectually uncurious relative to his predecessors. The result is that when key advisers don't want something to change, it doesn't change, even though reform would be both in the country's interest and the president's. So reports pile on top of reports -- but if no one in the Oval Office reads them, they make no sound and lead to no reforms. And the situation won't change until the country has a president with the wherewithal to lead where the country needs to go, whether or not his advisers like it.
Matthew Yglesias is a Prospect writing fellow. His column on politics and the media appears every Tuesday.
Matthew Yglesias is a senior editor at the Center for American Progress Action Fund and a former Prospect staff writer.
Read more by Matthew Yglesias


Your customers, tenants and employees expect to be provided with a safe, functional and smooth asphalt surface. It is imperative to your property's value that you maintain it on a regular basis.
One of most important and often times, most needed item in any asphalt maintenance plan is completing asphalt repairs or patch work.
Asphalt can begin to fail for several different reasons: Poor construction, lack of drainage, differed maintenance or simply Mother Nature can all lead to your blacktop failing. These failed areas need to repaired quickly otherwise they will continue to deteriorate the existing asphalt surface and lead to more costly repairs in the future.
• Saw cut joints of asphalt repair(s).
• Excavate repair area(s) to a depth of 4" to remove deteriorated asphalt and base.
• Haul the debris off site.
• Clean vertical edges, roll existing base for compaction, and apply asphalt tack to the edges.
• Install 2" of compacted #402 base course asphalt.
• Install 2" of compacted #404 finish course asphalt.
• Apply asphalt tack/sand or hot pour rubberized crack sealant to outside joint of the repair area(s).