text:
Malaria prophylaxis is the preventive treatment of malaria. Several malaria vaccines are under development.

For pregnant women who are living in malaria endemic areas, routine malaria chemoprevention is recommended. It improves anemia and parasite level in the blood for the pregnant women and the birthweight in their infants.

Strategies
 Risk management
 Bite prevention—clothes that cover as much skin as possible, insect repellent, insecticide-impregnated bed nets and indoor residual spraying
 Chemoprophylaxis
 Rapid diagnosis and treatment

Recent improvements in malaria prevention strategies have further enhanced its effectiveness in combating areas highly infected with the malaria parasite.  Additional bite prevention measures include mosquito and insect repellents that can be directly applied to skin.  This form of mosquito repellent is slowly replacing indoor residual spraying, which is considered to have high levels of toxicity by World Health Organization (WHO).  Further additions to preventive care are sanctions on blood transfusions.  Once the malaria parasite enters the erythrocytic stage, it can adversely affect blood cells, making it possible to contract the parasite through infected blood.

Chloroquine may be used where the parasite is still sensitive, however many malaria parasite strains are now resistant. Mefloquine (Lariam), or doxycycline (available generically), or the combination of atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride (Malarone) are frequently recommended.

Medications
In choosing the agent, it is important to weigh the risk of infection against the risks and side effects associated with the medications.

Disruptive prophylaxis
An experimental approach involves preventing the parasite from binding with red blood cells by blocking calcium signalling between the parasite and the host cell. Erythrocyte-binding-like proteins (EBLs) and reticulocyte-binding protein homologues (RHs) are both used by specialized P. falciparum organelles known as rhoptries and micronemes to bind with the host cell. Disrupting the binding process can stop the parasite.

Monoclonal antibodies were used to interrupt calcium signalling between PfRH1 (an RH protein), EBL protein EBA175 and the host cell. This disruption completely stopped the binding process.

Suppressive prophylaxis
Chloroquine, proguanil, mefloquine, and doxycycline are suppressive prophylactics. This means that they are only effective at killing the malaria parasite once it has entered the erythrocytic stage (blood stage) of its life cycle, and therefore have no effect until the liver stage is complete.  That is why these prophylactics must continue to be taken for four weeks after leaving the area of risk.

Mefloquine, doxycycline, and atovaquone-proguanil appear to be equally effective at reducing the risk of malaria for short-term travelers and are similar with regard to their risk of serious side effects. Mefloquine is sometimes preferred due to its once a week dose, however mefloquine is not always as well tolerated when compared with atovaquone-proguanil. There is low-quality evidence suggesting that mefloquine and doxycycline are similar with regards to the number of people who discontinue treatments due to minor side effects. People who take mefloquine may be more likely to experience minor side effects such as sleep disturbances, depressed mood, and an increase in abnormal dreams. There is very low quality evidence indicating that doxycycline use may be associated with an increased risk of indigestion, photosensitivity, vomiting, and yeast infections, when compared with mefloquine and atovaquone-proguanil.

Causal prophylaxis
Causal prophylactics target not only the blood stages of malaria, but the initial liver stage as well. This means that the user can stop taking the drug seven days after leaving the area of risk. Malarone and primaquine are the only causal prophylactics in current use.

Regimens

Specific regimens are recommended by the WHO, UK HPA and CDC for prevention of P. falciparum infection. HPA and WHO advice are broadly in line with each other (although there are some differences).  CDC guidance frequently contradicts HPA and WHO guidance.

These regimens include:
 doxycycline 100 mg once daily (started one day before travel, and continued for four weeks after returning);
 mefloquine 250 mg once weekly (started two-and-a-half weeks before travel, and continued for four weeks after returning);
 atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone) 1 tablet daily (started one day before travel, and continued for one week after returning). Can also be used for therapy in some cases.

In areas where chloroquine remains effective:
 chloroquine 300 mg once weekly, and proguanil 200 mg once daily (started one week before travel, and continued for four weeks after returning);
 hydroxychloroquine 400 mg once weekly (started one to two weeks before travel and continued for four weeks after returning)

What regimen is appropriate depends on the person who is to take the medication as well as the country or region travelled to.  This information is available from the UK HPA, WHO or CDC (links are given below).  Doses depend also on what is available (e.g., in the US, mefloquine tablets contain 228 mg base, but 250 mg base in the UK). The data is constantly changing and no general advice is possible.

Doses given are appropriate for adults and children aged 12 and over.

Other chemoprophylactic regimens that have been used on occasion:
 Dapsone 100 mg and pyrimethamine 12.5 mg once weekly (available as a combination tablet called Maloprim or Deltaprim): this combination is not routinely recommended because of the risk of agranulocytosis;
 Primaquine 30 mg once daily (started the day before travel, and continuing for seven days after returning): this regimen is not routinely recommended because of the need for G-6-PD testing prior to starting primaquine (see the article on primaquine for more information).
 Quinine sulfate 300 to 325 mg once daily: this regimen is effective but not routinely used because of the unpleasant side effects of quinine.

Prophylaxis against Plasmodium vivax requires a different approach given the long liver stage of this parasite. This is a highly specialist area.

Vaccines

In November 2012, findings from a Phase III trials of an experimental malaria vaccine known as RTS,S reported that it provided modest protection against both clinical and severe malaria in young infants. The efficacy was about 30% in infants 6 to 12 weeks of age and about 50% in infants 5 to 17 months of age in the first year of the trial.

The RTS,S vaccine was engineered using a fusion hepatitis B surface protein containing epitopes of the outer protein of Plasmodium falciparum malaria sporozite, which is produced in yeast cells. It also contains a chemical adjuvant to boost the immune system response. The vaccine is being developed by PATH and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), which has spent about $300 million on the project, plus about $200 million more from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Risk factors
Most adults from endemic areas have a degree of long-term infection, which tends to recur, and also possess partial immunity (resistance); the resistance reduces with time, and such adults may become susceptible to severe malaria if they have spent a significant amount of time in non-endemic areas. They are strongly recommended to take full precautions if they return to an endemic area.

History
Malaria is one of the oldest known pathogens, and began having a major impact on human survival about 10,000 years ago with the birth of agriculture. The development of virulence in the parasite has been demonstrated using genomic mapping of samples from this period, confirming the emergence of genes conferring a reduced risk of developing the malaria infection. References to the disease can be found in manuscripts from ancient Egypt, India and China, illustrating its wide geographical distribution. The first treatment identified is thought to be quinine, one of four alkaloids from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Originally it was used by the tribes of Ecuador and Peru for treating fevers. Its role in treating malaria was recognised and recorded first by an Augustine monk from Lima, Peru in 1633. Seven years later the drug had reached Europe and was being used widely with the name 'the Jesuit's bark'. From this point onwards the use of Quinine and the public interest in malaria increased, although the compound was not isolated and identified as the active ingredient until 1820. By the mid-1880s the Dutch had grown vast plantations of cinchona trees and monopolised the world market.

Quinine remained the only available treatment for malaria until the early 1920s. During the First World War German scientists developed the first synthetic antimalarial compound—Atabrin and this was followed by Resochin and sontochin derived from 4-aminoquinoline compounds. American troops, on capturing Tunisia during the Second World War, acquired, then altered the drugs to produce chloroquine.

The development of new antimalarial drugs spurred the World Health Organization in 1955 to attempt a global malaria eradication program. This was successful in much of Brazil, the US and Egypt but ultimately failed elsewhere. Efforts to control malaria are still continuing, with the development of drug-resistant parasites presenting increasingly difficult problems.

The CDC publishes recommendations for travels advising about the risk of contracting malaria in various countries.

Some of the factors in deciding whether to use chemotherapy as malaria pre-exposure prophylaxis include the specific itinerary, length of trip, cost of drug, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and current medical history.

See also
 Malaria prevention
 Mosquito control

References

Malaria


There's an increasing concern among scholars that, in many areas of science, famous published results tend to be impossible to reproduce.
This article was originally published by Theconversation.com. Read the original article here.


text:
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, المجلد 47،الأعداد 1-4
بواسطة Asiatic Society (Kolkata, India)
accept Islàm, even if they did not bring it with them from their home. A non-descript paganism (which was probably the religion of the early Dàrds) does not easily resist the encroachments of one of the great dogmatic religions when thrown into unprotected contact with it.
Did the Dàh-Hanu Bròkpàs come by the same route as their later brethren, or did they come, as some of them say, up the valleys of the Indus and Shayok? In the latter case, it would be very strange if a migration of Dàrds, with the whole upper course of the Indus before them, should have stopped and located themselves precisely at that point on its course where a subsequent migration of their kindred, starting from the same point but coming by a different route (latterly at right angles to theirs), happens, some centuries after, to have struck the Indus. It seems more probable that the line of the later migration marks that of the earlier one; and that the ancestors of Dàh-Hanu people took the route viâ Astor, Déosaï, the Dràs river, and Kargil, (a route facilitated by the nature of the country in that direction). Crossing by a low Pass into the Indus Valley, they were there arrested by the more difficult mountains on the east of that river. They probably found this district uninhabited; for though the valley of the Indus, both below and above was, and is, occupied by Tibetan States (Baltistan or Little Tibet, and Ladàk); yet so difficult is the gorge of the Upper Indus in this intermediate portion, that all traffic from Skardo (Baltistan) directed towards Ladàk, is diverted round by the parallel Shayok Valley, only crossing back into that of the Indus by the Hanu Pass, beyond Dàh.
Both the Dàh-Hanu people and the Dàrd communities (above mentioned) settled on or about the Dràs river, are called by their Tibetan neighbours Bròk-pà (often pronounced Dòk-pà with a disregard to the spelling peculiar to Tibetans and Englishmen). Bròk means a "mountain pasture" or "alp". The reference may be to the pastures to which they in summer take their sheep (as do also their Tibetan neighbours however) or to the fact of their having settled on grounds which were formerly pastures. But the term Bròk-pà, or Highlander, seems more likely to have been applied (as Mr. Drew suggests) to a tribe seen to arrive across the high mountains and descending into the Indus Valley, than to a people coming. up that valley from its lower portion, and who have not, since their arrival, taken to a life in the high mountains in any greater degree than their neighbours.
A few words of notice are required for the Dràs Dàrds of the later immigration just mentioned. Their connection with their parent stock is very close, and betokens a comparatively recent separation. They say that their ancestors came from Darèl; and their settlements extend far up the course of the streams leading down from the uninhabitable plateau of Déosaï, which alone separates them from Dàrdistan proper. ·
The furthest settlements of these people at the embouchure of the Dràs river into the Indus, approach very closely to, without mixing with, those of their unrecognised kinsmen of the Dàh-Hanu Division. I have collected a few of their grammatical rules and have made a very short comparative table of some of the most ordinary words in the two dialects, by which it will be seen that they are really only different forms of the same mode of speech. These later Dàrds, as far as Dràs, are intermingled with Musalman Tibetans or Baltis. At Dràs the former are Sunnís in religion while the latter are Shi'ahs, but lower down near the Indus both are Shî'ahs. The Dards of the Dràs district keep themselves quite separate, both as regards marriage and eating, from the Baltis with whom they are intermingled in the same villages, and show also some slight traces of that abhorrence of the cow which is so marked among the Dàh-Hanu people, and which is also prevalent in greater or less intensity among many of the other Dards in their own home. To carry the linguistic inquiry a little further back, a comparison with Dr. Leitner's account of the Astori form of the Dàrd language will show that the speech of the Dràs Bròkpàs is almost identical with that of the people of Astor or Hazora who are one of the chief branches of the Dard race in Dàrdistàn, only divided by the river Indus from Gilgit. We have therefore a continuous chain of communities leading from Dàrdistàn proper to the settlements on the Upper Indus at Dah-Hanu. The small gap that does exist in point of language and dress between these latter and the most advanced (geographically) of their brethren, would seem to indicate a lapse of time occurring between two successive migrations. The foremost may be in all probability considered the earlier, and in either case they profess the religion of their environment.
Thus we have here the furthest extension in this particular direction, of an Indo-Arian migration, a kind of side-eddy from the great stream. As when one of our Indian rivers is filled by the melting snows, if a sudden increase of the flood comes down, one may see the waters, dammed up as it were by the too slowly moving masses in front, trickle off to one side in the endeavour to find a speedier exit. But soon, the temporary increase abating or the circumstances of the ground proving unfavourable, this side channel ceases to flow onward and stagnates to a pool, leaving the traces of its abortive course as far back as the point of divergence. So it would seem that long after the successive floods of Indo-Arians had poured over the long water-parting of the Hindu-Kush, the latest or the most easterly wave (the Dàrd one) expanding in its turn after a vast lapse of time, but finding the southward way blocked in front of it by the earlier comers, sent off side-currents to the south-eastward. These were but puny streams, wanting moreover sufficient vis à tergo to carry them onwards when they found themselves amid a foreign element and progressing towards a higher
and more barren country, instead of reaching the fertile plains to which a southerly course had formerly led their brethren, the Hindus. Here therefore they remained, wedged in among alien populations, but connected with their starting point by the living trail of their passage.
Note.-With reference to the question whether any and what degree of connection exists between the Dàrds and the Ghalchahs of the Upper Oxus (see my paper on the latter in the Asiatic Society Bengal, Journal 1876),—it is curious to see that Mr. Drew from native (Dàrd) information classifies one of the Ghalchah tribes, the Wàkhi (called by him Wakhik or Gòijàl) amongst the Dàrds. See Drew's Jummoo and Kashmir, p. 457. The termination k of the word Wakhik is probably a mere Dàrdu affix, (cf. dostek, grestok for dost, grest).
Dr. Leitner also (Dardistán, Vol. I, Part II, p. 24) says that Gòjàl is the name given by the Chilásis to the people between Hunza and Pamer on the Yarkand road. Now these people are the Sariqoli Ghalchahs. He adds "there are also Gojàls under a Rájá of Gojal on the Badakhshán road.' These can be no other than the Wakhi Ghalchahs, called by Mr. Drew also Goijal, and the idea suggests itself that perhaps Gojal may be the Dardu form of the name Ghalcha given to the same tribes by their Turki neighbours. It is formed by a mere inversion of the position of the latter two consonants, viz., 7, and j or ch: J for Nucklow for Lucknow). At any rate we see that there is an affinity asserted by the Dàrds between themselves and the Ghalchahs, those neighbours who seem to be, one the most primitive race of the Indian family and the other the most primitive of the Iranians. This assertion of affinity is, to some extent borne out by a comparison of the dialects (see Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, for 1876, Paper on the Ghalchah languages).
ΟΙ
as) غله
Some Grammatical forms of the Dard dialects spoken by the Brok-pàs of (i) Dàh-Hanu and of (ii) Dràs.
SOUNDS.
There is no broad á, like aw in pawn, as in some neighbouring dialects and languages.
The accented à to be pronounced as in father; unaccented a as in ordinary, oriental.
The accented é as ey in they, but more staccato. Unaccented e when final is neutral in sound as in the English word the when rapidly pronounced. before a consonant; this sound approaches that of unaccented a. When not final, it is pronounced as in then or yes.
Besides the long and short ò, o and ù, u, there is a double-dotted ö, pronounced as in German schön, and a double-dotted ü as in German mühe or French tu.
With regard to the consonants; the dh represents the English soft th of the, this, &c., and not the Hindi aspirated d'h (which will be represented with an apostrophe, as d'h, t'h). Similarly gh is ¿ (ghain) and not the aspirated Hindi consonant.
Teh is the compound used by Mr. Drew, in a short list of Dàh-Hanu words given in his "Jummoo and Kashmir," to represent a ch pronounced with the tongue curled back to the roof of the mouth. It stands, as he remarks, to the English ch in the same relation that the Hindi palatal ț does to the dental t, [or that the Wàkhi sch does to the English sh (see my paper on the Ghalchah Languages in the Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, for 1876); or that ǹ (see below) does to r].
The ñ (with a mark over it) is the French nasal n which is felt rather as affecting the previous vowel than as a distinct sound. When followed by a vowel however, it acquires something of the sound of ng in the word young, but never to the extent of allowing any distinct g to be heard as in English younger, hunger. Thus mon "I" is pronounced exactly like the French mon my." Again hans "I am" and byuñs "I go" would be spelt in French hanse, biounsse. But haña (where n is followed by a vowel) is sounded (as regards the medial consonant) somewhat like the English word hanger (not as in anger).
The ✈ (with a dot over it) represents the palatal r of Hindi, pronounced with the tongue turned back. It approaches the sound of a d.
The r (with a dot under it) represents a sound intermediate between an r and a French j or the z in "azure;" that is, the r is not clearly trilled but slurred over; while the tongue is almost in the position for an r a stream of air is passed, without vibration of the tip, between it and the palate. Thus in the word potro "grandson", the sound is intermediate between potro and potjo (as in English we may sometimes hear people pronounce the word "trill" almost like "chill").
The (with a dot underneath) represents the French j or the z in
It approaches the last letter in sound.
azure.
The y is only used as a consonant, as in English "yes," "sawyer", &c., (not as in "by," or "every").
gotas-süma
Instr. gôt-ya.......
N. gôt
got-sa (before Trans.
Verbs not in Past
of a ewe
to a ewe
a ewe
from a ewe
with a ewe
by a ewe
a she goat
of a house
to a house
from a house
with a house
by a house
éïa
éia-sa (before Trans.
Verbs &c.)
éïan
éïan-da
éïan-za éïan-zano éïan-süma éïan-ya
of a she goat
to a she goat
from ashegoat|oyon-zano
by a she goat
oyon
oyon-da
oyon-za
oyo-sa (before Trans.
gôtin
gotin-da
gotin-dze
gotin-dono
Plural.
oyo-yé..
gôti.....
gôti-sa (before Trans.
of she goats
to she goats
she goats
from she goats
by she goats
of houses
to houses
from houses
gotin-ya....
by houses
And so with gố "a cow," Gen. gós, and the other cases gô; gôlô bull," Gen. gólos, other cases góló; biü " a boy," Gen. biüs, other cases biü. But Genitive of tchigà "a woman" is tchügoya while the Dat. is tchügéra, the Acc. tchigà-zé, the Abl. tehügé-yono and the Instr. tchigà-ya. The post-position süma "with", governs the Genitive.
The Plural is irregular though generally ending with a vowel for the nominative and by the same vowel followed by n (and by the appropriate post-positions, if any) for the oblique cases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sikh History & Heritage
Gurus Guru Nanak Dev Jee In Baghdad
Thread starter khalsaforce
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baghdad dev guru guru nanak jee mahala mahala pehla nanak
khalsaforce
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The following account of Guru Nanak's visit to Baghdad was taken from The Divine Master, Lahore 1930 by Sewaram Singh, published in Punjab: Past and Present and Guru Nanak's Visit to Baghdad, by Manjeet Singh, The Sikh Review, Oct-Nov. 1969 -- Editor
Map of Baghdad in 1931 shows the location of Guru Nanak's shrine. It is one mile to the right of river Tigris and a mile-and-half from Baghdad Railway Station West, between two railway lines.
To the northwest is an old and extensive graveyard, extending from the town of Zubaida Khatum. To its east stands a magnificent edifice (118 feet by 55 feet) commemorating the famous Jewish saint, Nabiullah Usha, and to the northeast is the shrine of Sheikh Ibrahim forming a square of 27 feet. It is believed that during his stay in Baghdad Guru Nanak had a large following including the successors of Sheikh Bahlol Dana (the Wise) and those of Sheikh Muhy-ud-din Abdul Qadir Jilani.
A front view photograph of the shrine was taken in December 1931. On the platform where the Guru sat is a plaque in Arabic. The tomb of Bahlol is toward the west. Another tomb is in the center and the platform is 7 feet by 4 feet. In the mausoleum of Bahlol is a small rectangular garden (26 feet 5 inches by 12 feet 5 inches) in the center of the courtyard with a masonary pavement round it. There are a few tut (mulberry) and palm trees.
In Baghdad Guru Nanak stayed at a graveyard outside the town, and Mardana as usual was with him. Early in the morning before dawn, Mardana played the rabab and the Master sang his song about the infiniteness of God and His Creation wherein occurred the expression: there are numerous patals (earths) and innumerable akashs (sky), when some Muslim who was listening to it and understood its purport went and reported the blasphemy of the utterance, inasmuch as the Qu'ran had mentioned seven earths and seven skies only, to the Sajjdanashin of the Shrine of Pir Dastagir Abdul Qadir Jilani.
The Pir ordered that the offender be stoned to death and numerous people armed themselves with stones and rushed out. In the meantime Guru Nanak concluded his morning prayers with the greeting "Sat Kartar", in a voice divinely electrifying, which immediately disarmed the mob.
On this, a pir [saint], Bahlol by name, came forward and had a discourse with Guru Nanak on the subject of the morning prayer. Accompanying the pir was his son and such was the effect of the Guru's answers that first the son and then the father confessed their conversion and admitted the truth of the maxim that creation was not confined to seven earths and seven skies only. Guru Nanak stayed in Baghdad for four months and had many discourses with other holy men. Before his departure from there he was presented a chola [robe] as a token of respect on which verses in Arabic are inscribed. This chola lies preserved in the Gurdwara at Dera Baba Nanak, in Pakistan.
During the Great War, when the British and Indian armies conquered Baghdad, they discovered the place where Guru Nanak had his discourse with Bahlol. It lies to the west of the town and between the old graveyard to the north and the present Baghdad-Samara railway line to the south. Dr. Kirpal Singh, then a Captain in the Indian Medical Service, also saw it during the War, and he, in his letter, dated October 15, 1918, described it as follows:
It is really a humble looking building and known to very few people except Sikhs. To some Arabs it is known as well by the name of tomb of Bahlol. You enter the building by a small door, on which something is written in Arabic, not visible to a casual visitor. Even with attention it is difficult to read. I could not read it hence could not copy it. I have taken the photograph of the outside, which I shall forward to you in due course. Entering the building, you come to a brick paved passage going to your right straight into the room (with a verandah), wherein you find the tomb and the raised platform. In the courtyard there are a few trees, mostly pomegranates.
The room that has the tomb and the platform, has two doors, one of which is open whilst the other is barred. As you enter the room, you come face to face with the platform, which is roughly 2 to 2.5 feet high and about 3' by 4' in dimensions. It is now covered with handkerchiefs of various colors presented by Sikhs. In the center close to the wall you find a picture of Sri Guru Nanak, presented by some energetic Sikh, above which you find the slab with the writing which I reproduced in this letter for you. The name of the man in charge is Sayed Yusuf.
The plan of the Guru's shrine shows that it is situated within a walled square, with the gateway in the southeast corner. It measures 54 feet and 4 inches on the east and west; 54 feet, 6 inches on the north and 56 feet, 7 inches on the south.
The platform on which the Guru sat is in the northeast corner with a plaque on which some words were written in Arabic. The tomb of Bahlol Dana stands to the west. Another tomb is in the center and the platform is about 7 feet by 4 feet to the east with an inscribed slab in the wall to the north about 4 feet above the ground. The slab made of sandstone, measures 21 inches by 15 inches.
People of Baghdad depend on river Tigris for water. Wells, in and around Baghad, are brackish. It is said that the Guru's disciples together with others who visited the takia complained to the Guru about the difficulty in procuring drinking water. Guru Nanak got a well dug in the southeast corner and it produced sweet water. Even now, it is the only well with sweet drinking water.
Its diameter is about 21 feet and the date of its construction is 917 Hijri as given on the plaque. The well and the compound were reinforced in 1320 A.H. (1942 AD) by Qasim Pasha, Beg-Bashi, son of Mohammad Beg.
The inscribed stone slab was found in 1931. It measures 21 feet 14 inches. Its inscription was slightly damaged during the collapse of the building after 1920. The text of the inscription, is:
Behold! How a wish has been fulfilled by Holy and High Providence. That the building of Baba Nanak has been newly built with the help of seven autat (great valis).
That the happy murad of God (Baba Nanak) has started a fountain of grace issuing new water in the land. 917 Hijri
The date given as 917 is supported by the Abjad system. 917 Hijri is equivalent to 1511 A.D. and 1568 Sammat Bikarmi.
The mutvali in charge of the shrine told Sardar Kartar Singh Kartar that he had an old Arabic manuscript containing an account of Guru Nanak's visit, but unfortunately it was stolen in 1920. In the same year, another stone inscription related to the Guru's visit was found in the wall to the east of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani's shrine near Baghdad Railway Station East. It had been seen by many, but was missing in 1926, when the wall collapsed. It is possible that similar relics may be found there.
Bahlol Dana's tomb and other buildings were in a sad state of disrepair, but in 1120 Hijri, Qazim Pasha practically rebuilt the tomb. The roof and verandah of Guru Nanak's shrine had also collapsed.
On 6 August 1932, Sardar Kartar Singh Kartar, the late president of Central Sikh Committee, Baghdad wrote to S. Manjeet Singh:
"Sikhs desired to rebuild [the shrine]. Once the Central Sikh Committee applied to the Auqaf Department for repair of the shrine but no reply was received. At last the Central Sikh Committee, Baghdad again sent an application to His Excellency the High Commissioner of Iraq in 1931, who, I have come to know from a very reliable source, has very kindly given sanction to carry out the repairs at the expense of the Committee."
Again on 1 February 1952, S. Kartar Singh wrote to S. Manjeet Singh:
"The Sikh Committee, Baghdad was very anxious to repair Guru Nanak Dev's shrine as early as possible, but it was not an easy job to approach the Iraqi Government for the purpose. All such buildings are under the control of Ministry of Auqaf whose sanction was absolutely necessary to carry out the necessary repairs. At last the Iraqi Government was kind enough to give the sanction during 1934 and repairs were done.
"In addition to the repairs of the existing building a room is also added in front of the room where Bahlol Dana's tomb exists. It is really gratifying to note that the Sikh community in Iraq has done a splendid job in repairing the shrine of their Guru who is well known among Arabs as Baba Nanak or Hindu Pir.
"I returned from Iraq early in 1932. As I was much interested in this matter, I therefore had to remind the Central Sikh Committee, Baghdad a number of times to accomplish this work as early as possible. At last in 1934 I was glad to receive the information that repairs to the Guru's shrine in Baghdad had been completed. The Central Sikh Committee, Baghdad was kind enough to allow me to publish this news in the papers. I did this work with the greatest pleasure."
Prabhjyotsaini
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Don't let anyone tell you that this race doesn't mean anything.
Don't let them tell you that these drivers and teams aren't giving their absolute all to try and win what has quickly become one of the 'majors' on the world GT racing calendar.
The events in the closing stages of the 2017 race are proof positive of that: Shane van Gisbergen throwing everything he had at their rival Ferrari, first in defense and then in attack when Whincup wrestled the lead away.. and then an unfortunate ending as the car ended up in the concrete on the exit of the dipper.
What happened next was one of the most remarkable moments in Bathurst 12 Hour history; SVG's co-driver Maro Engel in a particularly fired-up mood and an interview with the Seven Network's Mark Beretta that was rife with tension. No follow-up question was needed.
Agree with what he said or not, Maro was just one of so many people deeply passionate about winning the Bathurst 12 Hour – in every category and every class. He was suitably caught up in the emotion of another dramatic Bathurst showdown like everyone there.
It means something to win this race, and everyone gives their absolute all. And that's one of the reasons it is so special.


text:
Q: When is there a case for refactoring large parts of a codebase at once? (if ever) I work with a specific engineer (let's call them X) that, even though they have many years of experience in the industry, has a lot of trouble to manage the scope of code changes. For example, say that we as a team have estimated that a task will take '5' story points, X will claim that all existing code is 'bad' - and should be refactored immediately. In the past this has led to enormous amounts of changes, which in turn lower our team velocity and introduce new bugs (we have low test coverage).
I think this engineer has a classic case of 'all legacy code is bad and the only way forward is to refactor it all'-thinking; but X doesn't introduce new tests to verify the functionality.
When I personally make changes in code and I notice that the code is of insufficient quality, I will make an extra effort to improve it - but only piece by piece  - so that the scope doesn't grow too much and we reduce the risk of new changes.
My question is: when is it okay to do a big refactor in order to achieve a small task? Is it wrong to state that any improvements can be done incrementally, and should be?

A: Big and especially non-local refactorings should be a job on their own, with all that implies about planning and being clear upfront what the plan is and how long it will take.
And as you've observed, refactoring without adequate test coverage is performing without a safety net.
Some of this depends what language you're operating in. I feel much more confident about big refactorings in a strongly-typed language with good tools for it; C#+Resharper for example can automate tasks such as "move method from one class to another and update all calls".
Ultimately I think you have to press them for detail. Don't let people embark on vague "refactoring" to suit their taste. Insist they lay out a plan and make a case for how it will improve future work. Make them compare this in public with the "just do it" approach.

A: The general recommended approach to refactoring is to first write sufficient tests so you have good understanding how the current system works. Then you can start moving functionality to to new, better designed, modules, rewriting it in the processes. Eventually all the important code should be in well designed modules, and you can clear out any remaining old 'glue'-code.
That said, how to do proper refactoring or rewrites is a very complex subject that will be very dependent on the exact code base and team.
I would suggest to introduce a code review and testing process if this is not already in place. If the developer is refactoring large sections of code, it would presumably be more readable and easier to understand. A code review should tell if this is actually the case, or if the developer just prefers to do a rewrite rather than trying to understand how the current code works. Testing, automated or otherwise, should help discover any regressions.
If readability is actually significantly improved, a somewhat lower velocity and higher defect count might be acceptable, since this would amount to paying down technical debt. But if none of the metrics are better you should discuss in the team about the best way to approach problems and how to improve your velocity.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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I have always had a fondness for lip gloss and balms, and I think it stems from an early exposure to Lip Smacker. I had a pretty impressive collection as a kid, and my love for the brand has never fully faded. That said, it's been full on revived with the incredibly cute Lip Smacker colas (Coke if we're being technical) and frappe balms that have recently hit drugstores.
Just look at them?! Lip Smacker is no stranger to cute, but the Coke balms are just too much. The fountain cups are decorated with their matching flavour and complete with little ice cubes and a straw atop. When you uncap them, the egg of clear balm is underneath. I was quite impressed that the balm is just a hydrating as a normal Lip Smacker and not super firm in texture.
The Coke balms come in classic Coke, Cherry Coke, Barq's Root Beer, Fanta Orange, and Fanta Grape. I don't know exactly how they did it, but these smell and taste exactly like the real thing. It's some sort of sorcery, it has to be.
If soda (I personally call it pop, but whatever...) isn't your deal, perhaps a more adutly, caffeinated beverage? Lip Smacker has that covered too with the equally adorable Frappes. Topped with a dollop of whipped cream, the little cups of balm come in tasty coffee shop inspired flavours including Mocha Chip, Cinnamon Churro, Caramel, Vanilla Chai, and of course, Pumpkin Spice.
Overall, these are not only cute, but completely useful with the moisturizing balm. There is something for just about all tastes- I'm very partial to Cherry Coke and Vanilla Chai. What do you think? Could you use a cute balm (or four) in your life?


text:
Mink Coat
Mink Fur Coat
Long Mink Coat
What is a Mink Coat?
Nychole Price
A mink coat is a fur jacket made from the hide of an animal called a mink. Though many people are opposed to the wearing of animal skins, others prize the coat for its warm, luxurious feel and, in many societies, wearing a mink stole represents wealth. Not all fur coats are created equal, however, and there are many things to look for when buying a mink fur coat.
When buying a mink, many experts recommend that shoppers purchase one from a furrier who is a member of the Fur Council of Canada. Furriers are more knowledgeable than a regular department store when it comes to the fur coat making process. The coats are also higher quality, as Canadian minks have denser pelts due to the colder climate.
A mink.
Consumers should also avoid purchasing a mink coat that has been dyed. Dyed animal furs oxidize, causing them to change color over time, and often, the color is much less attractive than the original. In order to improve the appearance of furs from warmer climates, some fur coat makers will bleach the furs, which weakens the animal skin, causing the coats to tear easily and the fur to turn red.
Mink fur.
During the spring, fur coats should be stored with a professional furrier. They must be kept at temperatures of 50°F (10°C) with a humidity level of 50% to prevent the skin from drying out and becoming brittle. During the spring and summer months, home closets tend to become much warmer and drier. Fur owners should have the furrier clean, condition, and glaze the coat while it is stored.
Mink coats are considered fashionable pieces of women's apparel.
When storing the coat at home, owners should give it plenty of space when hanging it in the closet. Mink coats should not be stored in a plastic bag, as they need fresh air. When traveling, a coat can be kept in a cloth bag, but it should be removed immediately when the destination has been reached.
It's best that people who wear a fur coat not sit for long periods of time, as the fur may become crushed. Women should carry a handbag instead of a purse with shoulder straps to prevent the straps from wearing out the fur on the shoulders. They also should not wear a fur when it is raining, as it may require professional treatment from a fur specialist.
Wearing a mink stole represents wealth in many societies.
When wearing a mink coat, individuals should expect that it will not be appreciated by everyone. Furriers kill 60 female minks, or 35 male minks, to make one coat, so people who want to wear one should take other people's feelings into consideration and not flaunt it.
How Do I Become a Furrier?
How Do I Care for a Beaver Fur Coat?
How Do I Care for a Lamb Fur Coat?
What is a Duffel Coat?
What is a Morning Coat?
What is a Fur Stole?
What is a Mink Stole?
One of the most horrible kinds of death a Human can think of is to be skinned alive. And I don't know if these animals are from farms or not. But for the most part, furs come from fur farms, where the animal is literally skinned alive and thrown aside to die a tortured death. I am sickened by anyone who wears fur just for the look. I will tell you so if I see you on the street to. I can only hope your fate is the same as the animal which gave you that skin.
When I see someone wearing mink, I am very offended and it's all I can do to hold back and keep my mouth shut. The person who said, "I often wondered how I could have something that felt like my cat," well yes, minks are related to cats. (They're even more closely related to otters.) So if you're thinking about buying a fur coat, you should do some research By the way, I won't be going out and having a steak dinner - I'm vegetarian.
This is revolting practice.There are thousands of gorgeous minks who are bred and tortured in tiny cages just to be skinned alive just for your bloody coat. How would you feel if you were trapped in a tiny cage and your skin was torn off just for someone else's outfit? Really think about that. Doesn't feel quite as 'comforting' anymore does it?
Minks look gorgeous on people and killing minks for it doesn't bother me. It's normal; animals have been serving to humans for food and clothing all the time. An animal had to die for my today's dinner or for my leather bag, too.
Yes, minks are killed just for fur, not for meat. But skinned minks can be used as a bait for crabbing - thus we don't eat them directly, but they help us to gain another meat.
Minks aren't endangered. They are specially bred and then killed humanely (not skinned alive!). Free-living minks are overpopulated, and they are nasty pests.
People in cold climates need to use fur for its natural warmth, and why shouldn't other people wear it just for its softness, look and comfort? The number of 30-60 animals for one fur coat seems maybe quite high, but every human will eat hundreds of chickens and other animals during his life. Since we are meat consumers, it is hypocritical to shy away from wearing furs. I like animals, they shouldn't be killed without any reason, but a beautiful fur from a mink is worth it.
If one's goal is to keep warm in a cold climate, what is wrong with fur? People cause the deaths of many animals in the name of food, yet furs and leather last for decades.
I love mine too, as well as my other furs. There just aren't enough cold days in the year for me!
I love animals -- own various kinds of pets, support rescue and wildlife protection organizations, and still wear fur. I research and shop responsibly, buying only from reputable furriers who purchase only from government veterinary association approved ranches.
It's my choice and I am really disgusted with "anti-fur" or worse so called "animal-rights" groups that are more interested in promoting their political agenda than truly caring for animals.
There is nothing impolite in wearing a mink coat! It's impolite to get offended if someone is wearing a mink coat, because it's none of his/her business!
I love wearing my mink coat. I've always loved snuggling with my cat and often wondered how I could have something that felt like my cat. Once I purchased a mink coat, I was happy knowing that I was carrying around the next closest thing, a dead animal. Forget PETA, obtain comfort.
i also love mink fur. i love everything in it: the look, feel, warmth - it just feels so nice to wear a mink coat.
I love wearing mink. Also some countries need, no must, use furs - especially when its minus 30! People like the person above will usually kill everything that is ugly though and chow down on some chicken or steak!
I think this is an utterly disgusting practice and any one wearing Mink or having any connection with the slaughter of these beautiful animals should be shot!
By: Eric Isselée
By: Poles
By: smirno
By: Geo Martinez


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text:
Dan Eric MACTAGGART
2 Lieut 31905 20y1m 4 Aug 1916 Oct 1919 1
Lieutenant Dan Eric Mactaggart (1896 – 1956)
Mactaggart Brothers Booklet
Mactaggart Family
The names of Lieutenant Walter S Mactaggart and Lieutenant Dan Eric Mactaggart are printed in gold lettering on a Saint Andrew's Presbyterian Church Honour Board at Saint Andrew's Uniting Church. They were respectively the eldest and youngest children of Daniel and Florence Rosalie Mactaggart of Ascot in Brisbane. The other four children were girls - Jeannie, Florence, Marjorie and Dora. They all attended Saint Andrew's. Presbyterian Church.
Daniel Mactaggart was a pioneer in the beef fattening industry in the Burnett and Mary Valleys and founder in Maryborough of the stock and station agency which still bears his name. He took a strong interest in the sport of rowing in Maryborough. When Maryborough was linked by rail to Brisbane, Daniel Mactaggart and his brother opened a branch of Mactaggart Brothers Limited in the capital where the firm prospered.
Mrs Mactaggart came from Victoria and her marriage took place in Maryborough, Queensland before the family moved to Markwell Street, Ascot in Brisbane in 1892. A home and garden lover, the cares of her family of four daughters and two sons were her principal interest though she was a keen supporter of the Presbyterian Church. Through her husband she became closely identified with the pastoral interests of the State.
Their sons, Walter and Dan returned from service in Europe though both suffered the harmful effects of gassing. Daniel Mactaggart was Governing Director of Mactaggart Brothers Limited when he died in 1924, aged 71 years. Mrs Mactaggart died fourteen years later.
Dan Eric Mactaggart was born in Brisbane on 17 July 1896. He attended the Brisbane Grammar School from 1910 till 1912 where he had received military training in the Senior Cadet Corps. He furthered his education at Scotch College, Melbourne where he took a keen interest in rowing and served in the Melbourne University Rifles. He was a stockman jackaroo on Bundooma on the Burnett River.
He enlisted at the age of 20 in Brisbane to serve overseas in the Australian Infantry Force on 4 August 1916. Gunner Dan Eric Mactaggart, Regimental Number 31905, joined the 9th Field Artillery Brigade Reinforcements, embarking from Sydney on RMS Osterley on 10 February 1917 and disembarking at Plymouth on 11 April. He proceeded overseas to the Western Front where he was engaged in heavy battle at Ypres, Menin Road, Passchendaele and Zonnebeke. He was forced to receive hospital treatment however in England over a period of three months because of the effects of shell gas. He was transferred in July 1918 to the Australian Flying Corps and gained commission as Lieutenant. He was based at depots in England over ensuing months. His appointment was terminated soon after his return to Australia per Prinz Ludwig in October 1919.
Life in Australia after Service
Eric Mactaggart rejoined his firm and after it was made into a cooperative association he became Managing Director, a post he retained until his death. On 3 February 1925 at St James Church, King Street, Sydney, Eric Mactaggart married Maisie Eileen Rylance of Vaucluse. Vicar General Archdeacon D'Arcy Irvine officiated. They made their home in the Brisbane suburb of Hendra. Mr Mactaggart who was President of the Fat Stock and Produce Brokers' Association for 14 years took a keen interest in the production side of the industry. He was also Chairman of Rylance Collieries and Brick Works. One of his principal hobbies was developing his grazing property, 'Cowah' at Kilcoy to which he had hoped to retire.
He died on 2 July 1956, aged 59. He was survived by his wife, a daughter and one son. Mrs Mactaggart died in 1982.
• Bean C.E.W., Anzac to Amiens, Penguin Books, 2014
• Saint Andrew's Uniting Church Archives, Saint Andrews Presbyterian Church Annual Reports 1901 – 1925
• National Archives of Australia, military records
• Brisbane Grammar School Archives, The Golden Book
• The Central Queensland Herald, Rockhampton, 5 July 1956, page 29
• Pastoral Review and Graziers' Record, 16 August 1956
• First World War Embarkation Rolls
• Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser, 30 January 1924, page 5
• The Courier-Mail, 30 July 1937, page 7
• The Sunday Mail, 22 April 2007. page 41
• The Queenslander, Brisbane, 29 March 1919, page 6
• The Brisbane Courier, 18 May 1920, page 6; 1 March 1922, page 15; 27 May 1924, page 14;
• Queensland Figaro, Brisbane, 2 July 1927, page 9
• Queensland Country Life, 10 Sept 1953, page 4
• Pastoral Review, 16 February 1924
Compiled by N. E. Adsett, Brisbane, January 2015 ©


text:
Bunium pityranthon är en flockblommig växtart som beskrevs av Spreng.. Bunium pityranthon ingår i släktet jordkastanjer, och familjen flockblommiga växter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Is it possible to write a single function of python module (even a class) into c/c++ I have tried to wrap my c++ code with the method introduced in the python website: https://docs.python.org/2/extending/extending.html
It seems I have two wrap my c++ code into a separate module. Is possible to write a single method of my module/class in c++ while others in python?
I also superficially checked the boost python and swig. It seems they also pack c++ code into a single module.
Thanks!


text:
Kiniksa to Present Data on the Burden of Disease in Patients with Recurrent Pericarditis at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
HAMILTON, Bermuda, May 16, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (Nasdaq: KNSA) ("Kiniksa"), a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutic medicines for patients with significant unmet medical need, will present data from a systematic literature review highlighting the burden of illness and unmet medical needs associated with recurrent pericarditis at the International Society for the Pharmacoeconomic and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) in New Orleans, LA.
"Recurrent pericarditis is a debilitating disease for patients who suffer from frequent flares," said Raj Kannan, Chief Commercial Officer at Kiniksa. "Our research suggests that the disorder remains underserved despite the significant impact it has on patients' lives. At Kiniksa, we are working with patients and health care practitioners to further characterize the impact of recurrent pericarditis in order to improve patient outcomes."
Details of the presentation are as follows:
Unmet Needs and Burden of Recurrent Pericarditis: Results of a Systematic Literature Review
Poster Presentation: Poster Session III, Cardiovascular Disorders (#PCV9) on Tuesday, May 21st, 2019 from 10:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Central Time at the New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center
Lead Author: Matt Magestro, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals Corp., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
Kiniksa intends to make the materials available through the Investors and Media section of its website (www.kiniksa.com).
Recurrent pericarditis is a painful autoinflammatory cardiovascular disease that is associated with rare but serious complications like constrictive pericarditis and cardiac tamponade. Claims analysis, cross validated with published research estimates, supports a prevalent population of approximately 40,000 patients in the U.S. seeking and receiving medical treatment. Kiniksa is not aware of any U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis.
"There are many unmet needs for patients with autoinflammatory diseases, and for patients with recurrent pericarditis," said Karen Durrant, President of the Autoinflammatory Alliance. "This research is an important step to better understand the burden of recurrent pericarditis in this underserved patient population."
Kiniksa is developing rilonacept, a weekly, subcutaneously-injected, recombinant fusion protein that blocks interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling, for the potential treatment of recurrent pericarditis. Clinical data have demonstrated IL-1α and IL-1β play a key role in inflammatory diseases.
Kiniksa is enrolling RHAPSODY, a global, randomized withdrawal (RW) design, pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial. The trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rilonacept treatment in subjects with recurrent pericarditis. The primary efficacy endpoint is time-to-first-adjudicated pericarditis-recurrence in the RW period. Secondary endpoints include changes in pain, inflammatory markers, health-related quality of life, and sleep quality. Top-line data are expected in the second half of 2020.
RHAPSODY is the ongoing, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled, pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in recurrent pericarditis utilizing rilonacept. The study is comprised of 5 periods: a screening period; a single-blind run-in period during which subjects receive a loading dose of rilonacept 320 mg injected subcutaneously (SC) followed by 160 mg SC weekly while background pericarditis medications are tapered and discontinued; a double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-week RW period during which clinical responders to rilonacept are randomized 1:1 and receive 160 mg SC weekly rilonacept or placebo for at least 24 weeks; a long-term extension treatment period after trial completion during which all subjects completing the RW period have the option to receive up to 24 weeks of open-label rilonacept 160 mg SC weekly; and a long-term extension follow-up period during which all subjects in the long-term extension period will be followed for 24 weeks for safety and pericarditis recurrences. Up to 50 subjects will be randomized into the RW period. Eligible subjects must present at screening with at least a third pericarditis episode, defined as at least 1 day with pericarditis pain of ≥ 4 on the 11-point pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and a c-reactive protein (CRP) value ≥ 1 mg/dL within the 7-day period prior to first study drug administration. Subjects included in the study may be receiving concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or colchicine and/or oral corticosteroid treatment in any combination.
Rilonacept is a weekly, subcutaneously-injected, recombinant fusion protein that blocks IL-1α and IL-1β signaling. Rilonacept was discovered and developed by Regeneron and is approved by the FDA under the brand name ARCALYST® for the treatment of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), including Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome and Muckle-Wells Syndrome. IL-1 blockade may interfere with immune response to infections. Serious, life-threatening infections have been reported in patients taking ARCALYST. ARCALYST should be discontinued if a patient develops a serious infection. Taking ARCALYST with TNF inhibitors is not recommended because this may increase the risk of serious infections. Kiniksa exclusively licensed rilonacept from Regeneron for recurrent pericarditis and certain other indications. Rilonacept in recurrent pericarditis is an investigational drug.
Kiniksa is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutic medicines for patients suffering from debilitating diseases with significant unmet medical need. Kiniksa has a pipeline of product candidates across various stages of development, focused on autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions. For more information, please visit www.kiniksa.com.
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, you can identify forward looking statements by terms such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "could," "intend," "target," "project," "contemplate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward‑looking statements contain these identifying words. All statements contained in this press release that do not relate to matters of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements, including without limitation, statements regarding: the potential relevance of data presented at ISPOR from a systemic literature review and data from our other research with respect to recurrent pericarditis, including its burden, prevalence and unmet medical need; statements regarding the size and objectives of the design of our Phase 3 clinical trial for rilonacept; and timing of potential data from the Phase 3 trial.
These forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including without limitation, the following: changes between data presented at ISPOR or otherwise and any additional data or research disclosed by us or others with respect to recurrent pericarditis, including its burden, prevalence and unmet medical need; our potential inability to replicate in later clinical trials, including our Phase 3 clinical trial, the positive interim data from our Phase 2 and earlier clinical trials; delays or difficulty in activating sites or enrolling subjects in our global Phase 3 clinical trial; potential complications in coordinating among requirements, regulations and guidelines of regulatory authorities across a number of jurisdictions for our global Phase 3 clinical trial; impact of additional data from us or other companies; potential undesirable side effects caused by rilonacept; our potential inability to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities; our reliance on Regeneron to manufacture rilonacept; drug substance and/or drug product shortages; and our reliance on third parties to conduct research, clinical trials, and/or certain regulatory activities for rilonacept.
These and other important factors discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on May 7, 2019 and our other reports filed with the SEC could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements made in this press release. Any such forward-looking statements represent management's estimates as of the date of this press release. While we may elect to update such forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we disclaim any obligation to do so, even if subsequent events cause our views to change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.
ARCALYST® is a registered trademark of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.


text:
Local band Small Reactions receives a big reaction and review
Photo courtesy Small Reactions
Artist Spotlight Arts & Entertainment
By Abby Grizzard / August 27, 2021
Small Reactions is a punk-pop band based out of Kennesaw, Ga., who have integrated into the Atlanta punk scene since 2005. With strong post-punk roots, Small Reactions features Rossellini Politi, Scottie Hoffman and Sean Zearfoss. The band began playing in East Atlanta in 2009 and have grown as they maintain a presence in the Atlanta punk scene.
Small Reactions has signed with a record label upon the release of their third album, New Age Soul. Their collaboration with their record label has provided many promotional benefits.
"We have a small label we're working with out of Kentucky called SofaBurn Records," said Zearfoss. "They released and promoted our most recent record and are great to work with.
"Having a label this time made things a lot easier," continued Zearfoss. "There's more hands for projects and more people with a vested interest."
One of the band's most important values is their belief and passion towards the music they create with one another. Despite recent declines in the punk scene itself, the band continues to chase this passion.
"Punk has a sense of community and going to these shows at a young age, I felt this feeling of kids that weren't really being watched over because when you're in school you don't have that freedom," said Politi. "And then you go to a punk show.
"To me, Punk represents that freedom of a place where people could go who aren't into sports or something," continued Politi. "It becomes their outlet."
The love of punk and freedom incites is reflected in the band's journey and sound. Their connection to one another is what they believe creates the magic of their band.
"We believe in our music," said Zearfoss. "We came into the scene as a lot of people were leaving it, but we've been slow and steady, having the goal to grow more each year. The most important thing is that we enjoy playing together and believe in our music."
The members of Small Reactions were greatly influenced from young ages by the eclectic nature of punk-pop and everything that goes along with it.
"When I was 14, I first heard Black Sabbath and the music almost scared me," said Zearfoss. "But then I kept listening to it and realized that it was something kind of special and elicited a reaction.
"I think music has this innate power to draw an emotion and reflect emotion while also connecting people, it's art," continued Zearfoss. "That art lives and breathes on stage and you build it every time you play a show."
As the members of the band found their love for music, they began their journey of chasing the punk scene and sound. Not only was the music completely captivating to them but the connection between the audience and the musicians greatly appealed to their desires as artists.
"Punk blurs the line between the stage and the audience," said Politi. "People would even be up on the stage and wouldn't get kicked off.
"Punk music to me is to have an outlet for a show that makes you think, wow I just went to an event, not like I just watched a movie," continued Politi.
Small Reactions aims to captivate this energy and connection to the audience, not only through punk but by pushing the boundaries between the melodic tunes of pop and intensity of punk. This can be seen through the course of each of their albums as the different elements of music blend together to create their unique sound.
"I've always envisioned us as a punk band, but we try to push those ideas to this sort of edge," said Zearfoss. "Almost like how far can we walk a pop melody in left field before it's no longer punk music.
"We kind of hover over that line between a strong melody and chaos and noise," continued Zearfoss. "We want our music to be catchy and melodic but we also want it to be interesting with nuanced melodies and complex structures."
Small Reactions will be playing their next show at The Earl in Atlanta on Friday, August 27 at 8:00 p.m. EST. The concert will feature the release of their aforementioned third album, New Age Soul. Tickets can be purchased through The Earl's website for viewers 21 and older.
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Dividend Policy: The aim is to distribute at least 30% of net profit as dividends annually. The proposed dividend shall take Terveystalo's long-term development potential and financial position into account.
Any dividends to be paid in future years, their amount and the time of payment will depend on the Company's future earnings, financial condition, cash flows, investment needs, solvency and other factors.


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Azealia Banks Drags Lana Del Rey By Her Mayonnaise Tear Soaked Handkerchief Over IG Rant, Black Twitter Rejoices
Source: David Crotty / Getty
Lana Del Rey may have thought she was speaking facts when she dropped her soliloquy on Instagram, but instead the tone-deaf post got her dragged by Black Twitter, prompting Azealia Banks to drop a few facts of her own.
As previously reported, early Thursday (May 21) morning, Lana Del Rey took to social media to share a controversial Instagram post that appeared to take slight digs at women of color. Del Rey named Beyoncé, Nicki Minaj, Megan Thee Stallion, and Doja Cat for having lyrics that glorify "bad girl" behavior while hitting back at her critics who say she "glamorizes abuse."
Catching wind of the shade after being tagged by multiple Twitter users, Azealia Banks took to Twitter to respond to Del Rey's claim that she "invented women speaking their minds."
Azealia Banks then expounded on her point educating Lana on her privilege for even having the nerve to compare the historic accomplishments of the four Black women as a knock at her fame. While many were calling for the normally erratic Banks to drag her in a manner that she is known for, Banks showed that it was better for her to kill the notion with the truth before sympathizing with what she felt Del Rey was trying to say.
This isn't the first time that Azealia Banks has had to gather Lana Del Rey, in 2018 the two got into a heated exchange on Twitter after the "Dexedrine" rapper called Del Rey a "fake ally" after she publicly criticized Kanye West for his support of Donald Trump.
"Trump becoming our president was a loss for the country but your support of him is a loss for the culture," Del Rey wrote. "I can only assume you relate to his personality on some level. Delusions of Grandeur, extreme issues of narcissism — none of which would be a talking point if we weren't speaking about the man leading our country. If you think it's alright to support someone who believes it's OK to grab a woman by the p**** just because he's famous-then you need an intervention as much as he does — something so many narcissists will never get because there just isn't enough help for the issue."
Not being a fan of the white interjection in what many consider "Black business", Banks clapped at Del Rey calling her approach to the matter "fake" after pointing out she worked with A$AP Rocky, who was charged with physical assault after allegedly slapping a female fan.
"Wow okay Lana, this would be cute if you were consistent with your outrage and refused to collab with ASAP rocky who has physically assaulted women too," Banks tweeted at the time. "To me this just looks like the typical White woman taking using a weakened target to 'pretend' to be an ally."
Despite Azealia trying to keep things on a positive note now, that didn't stop Black Twitter for rejoicing in the drag with comments of their own and of course they brought the jokes. Check out a few of the hilarious responses below.
Azealia Banks Beyonce Doja Cat


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Why We Love Serena Williams
Who else adores Serena Williams?
Not only is she an accomplished Tennis Player, Serena is a movement.
She holds the most Grand Slam titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles combined among active players. She has won a total of 23 Grand Slam singles titles which marks the record for the most Grand Slam tournament wins in the Open Era. She is the second on the all-time list behind Margaret Court. She has won an all-time record of 13 Grand Slam singles titles on hard court, she also holds the Open Era record for most titles won at the Australian Open and shares the Open Era record for most titles won at the US Open with Chris Evert. She also holds the all-time record for the most women's singles matches won at majors with 335 matches.
Earning almost $29 million in prize money and endorsements, Serena Williams was the highest paid female athlete in 2016. She repeated this feat in 2017 when she was the only woman on Forbes' list of the 100 highest paid athletes with $27 million in prize money and endorsements. She has won the 'Laureus Sportswoman of the Year' award four times (2003, 2010, 2016, 2018), and in December 2015, she was named Sports person of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine.
Serena is also an humanitarian. She runs the Serena Williams Foundation which has partnered with major organizations over the years in community and social development. Serena helped to fund the construction of the Serena Williams Secondary School in Matooni, Kenya.Through her foundation, she also provides university scholarships for underprivileged students in the United States. In 2016, the Serena Williams Fund partnered with Helping Hands Jamaica to build the Salt Marsh Primary School for Jamaican youth in Trelawny Parish.
She has been an International Goodwill Ambassador with UNICEF since 2011 and has helped launch UNICEF's Schools for Asia campaign. She has won the "Young Heroes Award" from Big Brothers Big Sisters of Greater L.A. and Inland (2003) and the "Family Circle and Prudential Financial Player Who Makes a Difference Award" (2004). In response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Serena, along with other ATP and WTA stars, decided to forgo their final day of preparation for the 2010 Australian Open to form a charity event in which all proceeds will go to the Haiti earthquake victims.
Serena, along with her sister Venus, is a supporter and contributor of First Serve Miami, a foundation for youth who want to learn tennis but are socially and economically challenged.
Of course, you cannot be that good at what you do and not be propositioned with opportunities. Serena has starred in various brand commercials that promotes diversity, inclusion and break gender walls. From Nike's Groundbreaking "Just Do It" Advert
To this 2016 Nike Commercial
To her latest Nike "Show them what crazy can do" advert
To this beautiful commercial she did to facilitate breast cancer awareness
To her AXA- Know You Can advert
To her 'Don't call it a comeback ' Chase Commercial featuring Baby- Olympia
To her 'Unlimited Greatness' ad.
Her latest feature for Bumble- a dating site has to be her most daring commercial yet. There, she encouraged women not to wait like society teaches them to but rather to take the reins of their life and do what they need to. She advocates that they should call the shots and stop waiting for power to be handed over to them because they already have it.
Speaking on the social importance of the video and how it empowers women, she says: "We have to let this generation know that we have to use our voice."
We believe Serena outdid herself in this commercial and this has got to be her best commercial yet.
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In just a few days' time, the biggest T20 league is about to start. The 12th season of the IPL is here and all the fans are getting ready to witness some high octane T20 cricket. As always, it's going to be great fun this season as all the eight teams look well placed before the start. There is not much to choose between all the sides and we could get to see a really tough competition this IPL.
Even though this is an election year, the BCCI has done a great job in not shifting the IPL to any other country. They have managed the schedule so that the election dates in a particular place don't clash with the match dates.
Another thing about this IPL season is that the World Cup is scheduled just after the league. Due to the World Cup, many overseas stars will be called early for national duties. The absence of the star overseas players gives a chance to the young Indians to shine and make a name for themselves.
There are a few international stars who won't come to the IPL this year. Let us look at four such international stars who will be missed this season.
Aaron Finch is one of those overseas stars who has played many teams. He has played for RR, PWI, DD SRH, MI, GL, and KXIP. He is one of the best T20 players in the international circuit. However, when it comes to the IPL, he has not been able to perform to his full potential.
Finch has played 75 games in the IPL but still averages just 25.93 in the biggest T20 league. We all know what Finch is capable of in the shortest format. Finch has the top two scores in T20Is. Last year at KXIP, he was asked to bat in the middle-order which didn't quite work in his favour.
He too had a really poor season just like Maxwell and as a result, was left out of the side before the auction. Just like his teammate, Finch too did not register his name into the auction and so won't be part of any team in the upcoming season. Fans want to see the best players of the format and so Finch will be missed in this season for sure.
IPL 2019: Match 29, KKR vs CSK, Match Prediction: Who will win today's match?


A low cost hotel, offering comfortable rooms and the much needed amenities, is preferred by many tourists. Nainital has both budget and expensive hotels for visitors. The attraction of many scenic sites and temples entice many national and international tourists to Nainital. Stay at a hotel near Lake Naini to view the exuberant sight of the water body.
Hotels and resorts along with homestays are options that a tourist can opt for a comfortable stay. The various stays, in Nainital, are graded as the luxurious 5 star hotels (for the affluent) and low cost budget hotels (for the teaming majority). Before renting a room check the services and amenities that the budget hotels in Nainital near the Lake offer to their guests.
Before lodging in a budget hotel, never compromise with the comfort and the privacy that you need. The rooms of a budget hotel are less spacious but clean and cosy having attached bathrooms. Most of the rooms face the Lake, allowing a stupendous view. Amenities like TV, internet, fridge, running hot & cold water and air-conditioner/ heater are featured for extra comfort.
The staff of the budget hotels is agile and capable of serving the guests. They attend to their every whim and are also helpful in arranging a guide or an excursion. Breakfast and meals are served at the restaurant of the hotel. Some budget hotels include free daily meals in their packages while in some hotels the visitors have to pay for the dish ordered. The food here consists of a variety of local, Chinese and Continental dishes. The traditional cuisine of Nainital has a tempting aroma and delicious taste. Take a bite of Ras, Baadi, Bhatt Ki Churkani, Aloo Ke Gutke, Arsa, etc. served with rotis, rice and chutneys.
Most of the budget hotels in Nainital near Lake Naini are situated close to markets. You can indulge in a shopping spree at these markets and take back great mementoes, as you can easily find something for everyone. Haggle for handicraft and gift items and also for candles or woollen clothes like shawls, cardigans and scarfs. There is a great demand for homemade jams, juice concentrates, squashes and fruit preservatives. A lovely chance to hone your bargaining skill too.
Enjoy staying at one of the most sought after hill-stations, Nainital in Uttarakhand, at a rational budget for the money conscious.


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ANANDA Scientific Announces FDA Approval of the IND for a Clinical Trial exploring treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
NEW YORK & GREENWOOD--(뉴스와이어) 2022년 12월 01일 -- ANANDA Scientific Inc., a research focused bio-pharmaceutical company today announced approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the IND application for a clinical trial evaluating Nantheia™ A1002N5S, an investigational drug using cannabidiol (CBD) in ANANDA's proprietary Liquid Structure™ delivery technology as a potential treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder. The National Center for Complimentary and Integrative Health (HCCIH-a division of the NIH) is providing funding for this trial which will be conducted at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine. (Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT05571592)
The Principal Investigators for the trial are Naomi Simon, MD, MSc., Professor of Psychiatry and Director of Anxiety, Stress and Prolonged Grief Program at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Esther Blessing, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. This double-blind placebo-controlled trial will study Nantheia™ A1002N5S versus placebo over a 21-day treatment period with the primary outcome measures being the change in Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induced Anxiety and impact on a neuroimaging biomarker.
"We are delighted to be moving forward with this important study to develop new evidence-based treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder, a distressing and under-addressed condition," said Dr Simon.
Dr. Blessing noted, "It is exciting to be moving forward with clinical trials that build upon promising preclinical results for CBD as a treatment for anxiety disorders."
"We are very pleased to again be working with Dr Simon and Dr Blessing on this important trial that could impact the lives of a large number of people," said Sohail R. Zaidi, ANANDA's CEO. "We look forward to further advancing applications for our investigational drug Nantheia A1002N5S in an indication with a significant unmet medical need."
ABOUT ANANDA SCIENTIFIC
ANANDA is a leading research-focused biopharmaceutical company pioneering high-caliber clinical studies evaluating therapeutic indications such as PTSD, Radiculopathic Pain, Anxiety and Opioid Use Disorder (Mt. Sinai and UCLA). The company employs patented delivery technology, (licensed from Lyotropic Delivery Systems (LDS) Ltd, in Jerusalem, Israel) to make cannabinoids and plant derived compounds bioavailable, water soluble, and shelf-life stable and focuses on producing effective, premium pharmaceutical products.


Flowers say what words cannot say and bring a sense of joy to any special event. Sue Sue's Petals offers an endless variety of beautiful, stylish arrangements using a selection of premium fresh flowers to ensure long lasting enjoyment. Whether you are looking for table arrangements for Weddings or a Rehearsal Dinner, Bridal Showers, Baby Showers, Engagement Parties, Retirement Parties, Graduation Parties, Christmas Parties and so many more special events, you will be sure to receive attention to the details, an eye for color, contrast and texture along with outstanding personal service.


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Inside The Saxophone Mind Inside The Saxophone Mind
Episode 006: Adam Larson
This week's episode has us catching up with the great young tenor and soprano saxophonist, Adam Larson. Adam is originally from Illinois and now makes his living in New York. He gives us great insight into how he makes a living through music, modern versus vintage instruments, and how to keep your business chops polished...
Episode 005: Donald Harrison
This week we have a true legend joining us on the show. Donald Harrison isn'y a new name to most jazz fans and this interview is an enlightening look into the life of a legendary jazz musician. We catch up with Donald to talk about his roots in New Orleans, what he's practicing these days,...
Episode 004: Greg Fishman
Wow! This week's episode is a long one with a man who has more energy than almost anyone I have ever met. Greg Fishman is a fantastic tenor player and educator from the great city of Chicago. Greg is known for his many instructional books and teaches students from all over the world. Greg is...
Episode 003: Bill McHenry
Bill McHenry has played with some of the biggest names in jazz and he and his contemporaries are changing the face of modern music. We catch up with Bill this week to talk about how he got started, playing with John McNeil and Paul Motian, and some of the things he has done to develop...
Episode 002: Jon Irabagon
This week we welcome in the fantastic New York saxophonist and composer, Jon Irabagon. The winner of the 2008 Thelonious Monk Saxophone Competition, Irabagon has since topped both the Rising Star Alto Saxophone and the Rising Star Tenor Saxophone categories in the DownBeat Magazine Critics' Poll and been named one of Time Out New York's 25...
Episode 001: Jaleel Shaw
Jaleel Shaw is a heavy player. He is also a super nice guy and our conversation was one of the highlights of my week. Jaleel is killing it in New York right now and is a member of the Roy Haynes Quartet,Tom Harrell's "Colors Of A Dream" and has also performed with Christian McBride, Jason Moran,...
© Copyright 2016 Inside The Saxophone Mind
asdasdfasdf , 09/09/2016
Fantastic material about jazz, improv and sax playing!
I think every jazz saxophonist (at any level) will get a lot out of this podcast!
Darrel Yeah , 07/26/2016
This podcast has already featured some of the top names in jazz and it's only a few weeks in to publication. Each interview yields a lot of great information for not only saxophone players, but jazz fans in general.
musesearch , 07/06/2016
Informative and entertaining
Really enjoying these interviews world class jazz saxophonists.
Interesting to know why and how these artists were turned to the soulful muse that is the sax. Their influences and inspirations. Even some technical discussions about practicing and what is important to practice. Look forward to future interviews/discussions. Keep it up!!!
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Zapoint Acquires Matchpoint Careers: Move Enhances Zapoint, Notably in Psychometric and Recruitment Solutions
Press Release - updated: Dec 12, 2016
BOSTON, Mass., December 12, 2016	(Newswire.com) - Zapoint, Inc., the leader in career management software solutions, today announced the acquisition of Matchpoint Careers, Inc., who develop technology solutions to leverage psychometric science to address the challenges of hiring and career guidance. This strategic move will combine both companies' product offerings to deliver customers a revolutionary engagement and career management solution that will use proven predictive science to help organizations find, retain and engage qualified employees to improve business performance.
The acquisition of Matchpoint Careers further increases Zapoint's share in the talent management market. Currently, Zapoint's flagship product, SkillsMapper is sought out by progressive organizations looking to engage their employees in the career management and development process. Matchpoint Careers has captured the recruitment space by leveraging psychometric science to address the challenges of hiring and job-matching. The company's online tool increases the likelihood of employers hiring top performers and individuals finding their best-fit career.
"By combining Zapoint's technology platform with Matchpoint's, we shall provide a comprehensive solution to customers looking to retain, engage and develop top performers," said Joe Brooks, chief executive officer of Zapoint. "There is a fast-growing marketplace for tools that help organizations assess their culture and find the right people who will contribute to their success. Our goal is to become one of the leading providers of talent analytics. This acquisition perfectly complements our existing skill-set, strengthens our network and expands our customer base."
"This acquisition by Zapoint makes perfect sense," said Paul Basile, founder and chief executive officer of Matchpoint Careers. "Our shared passion for offering business leaders actionable employee data analytics, shall ultimately benefit our clients and revolutionize the way talent is acquired, engaged, retained and empowered."
About Zapoint
Zapoint is the leader in career management solutions. The company provides Software as a Service (SaaS) applications for career management and organizational development to enterprises, recruitment firms, and universities in North America, Latin America, and Europe.
Zapoint's solutions empower people to take ownership of their future by giving them the tools to analyze and plan their career path in order to make these plans a reality. Incorporating Zapoint solutions into the workplace empowers people to create a clear development path within an enterprise-wide social network. This constructs a sustainable, accountable and transparent approach to the internal talent culture by identifying, rewarding and inspiring employees to expand and hone their professional talents.
Zapoint solutions can deploy stand-alone or can integrate with any HRMS and Talent Management system. For more information visit: http://www.Zapoint.com and http://www.SkillsMapper.com.
About Matchpoint Careers
Matchpoint Careers (www.matchpointcareers.com) matches people and jobs using psychometrics, job profiling and predictive algorithms to create the best possible job-person match: always based on the proven predictors of performance for that job.
For employers, Matchpoint Careers provides a short list of highly qualified 'individuals (employees, contractors, job-seekers), with deep insight into each candidate's competencies, preferences, and capabilities, showing why that person is a terrific match for the job. For jobseekers, Matchpoint Careers provides immediate self-knowledge and eliminates the frustration inherent in searching through a myriad of job listings. For universities and students, Matchpoint provides predictive career guidance, enabling better decisions on what to study, what career to follow.
Source: Zapoint
Categories: Business Technology, Career Planning, Saas (Software as Service), Regional Business News, Business
Tags: career management, free talent management, Matchpoint Careers, recruitment, SaaS, Skillsmapper, tech trades, Zapoint
About BoomWriter Media, Inc.
BoomWriter Media, Inc. is a leading provider of online collaborative writing solutions.
Wendy Mejia
Zapoint, BoomWriter Media, Inc.
moc.tniopaz@ydnew
BoomWriter Media, Inc.
7 Pleasant Street
Milton, MA	020186
Legendarium Media Partners with BoomWriter Media to produce the next generation of User Generated Content
Legendarium to Produce and Publish Original Stories Using BoomWriter Media's Collaborative Writing Platform
BoomWriter Media, Inc. - Jun 9, 2015


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Maharashtra – How prisoners are being kept waiting for basics
From sippers and sweaters to mail and mulaqats,
Himanshi Dhawan |
Letters from wife? Rejected. Sipper for Parkinson's patient? Court hearing awaited. Warm clothes to deal with the capital's chilly temperatures? Allowed but after a long wait.
Many a political prisoner in Maharashtra and Delhi has been struggling for access to basic necessities these last few months. Often, it is many months before their smallest request receives a hearing, forcing one lawyer to compare the process to a badminton match with "shuttlecocks" being lobbed from one authority to the other.
So moved were some Indians by the plight of arrested activist and Jesuit priest Father Stan Swamy who has been asking for a straw and sipper for 20 days because Parkinson's makes the 83-year-old hands shake too much that they ordered the items on e-commerce sites. While there is no telling whether they will reach him or not, there are others who are facing similar challenges.
Take the case of 53-year-old Prof G N Saibaba, who is serving a life term in Nagpur Central Prison. In October, he went on a 10-day hunger strike seeking access to his medical records, his wife's letters and books in Telugu and permission to go out of the "anda cell" where he has been kept in isolation. His wife Vasantha Kumari says she found out about the hunger strike on November 6.
"We kept asking for emergency calls or any communication as we did not know about his state of health," she says. Saibaba suffers from 90% disability and 19 medical conditions, including acute pancreatitis, impacted gall bladder-stones and paralysis in his arms. Since his arrest in February 2017, his appeals for bail and parole (to attend his mother's funeral) have been denied.
Lack of access to medical information or treatment is a common refrain amongst relatives of those imprisoned like Bhima-Koregaon violence accused DU prof Shoma Sen. Prof Sen's daughter, Koel, is constantly worried about her mother's health since she suffers from osteo-arthritis and her glaucoma has worsened. "I know that she is in a lot of pain and limps while she walks," she says. "When she was in prison in Pune, we were able to provide a plastic chair and a portable commode. There were a few visits to the hospital for eye tests but since she has been shifted to Byculla jail (in Mumbai) this February there have been no hospital visits," Koel says.
For Father Stan, also accused in the caste-based violence at Bhima Koregaon, the wait for a sipper has been extended by the court to December. "The tremors in his hands make it very difficult for him to hold anything steady so a sipper is essential," says Father David Solomon, his Jesuit colleague.
The National Platform for the Rights of the Disabled has raised the issue of both Fr Stan and Prof Saibaba's special needs but to no effect. NPRD's Muralidharan says, "There is a need for jail reforms but no political will to implement them."
Maharashtra ADG of police (prisons and correctional services) Sunil Ramanand denies that there is any neglect in treatment of prisoners. "Whatever is admissible under the law is being provided to prisoners. Fr Stan has been given a sipper. Some of prisoners are old and have co-morbidities and we are mindful of that. We are in constant touch with their families," he says.
Earlier this month, several accused in the Delhi riots case petitioned the court asking that families be allowed to provide warm clothes. When jail authorities refused to accept the clothing, families were forced to approach the court delaying the process by over a month. At least, one prisoner fell seriously ill due to Delhi's biting cold.
Trips to the hospital for check-ups are also not without difficulties. "Every time the prisoner comes back they are put in an isolated area for two weeks. After two weeks, it is time for another hospital visit so essentially the prisoner has been in isolation for several months now," a family member says.
Former Tihar jail law officer Sunil Gupta says that while the jail manual issued by the union home ministry provides detailed instructions for the diet, clothing and other basic necessities for prisoners, the jail superintendent's role is pivotal to its implementation. "If a prisoner has to approach the court for basics, the jail authorities are failing in their duty."
Whether it is wilful neglect or the sheer pressure of over-crowded jails, the result is that families have been forced to get court orders even for phone calls. With mulaqats (in person meetings with prisoners) stopped in the wake of the pandemic, relatives wait for a 4-5 minute phone call all day, often for weeks.
Sagar Abraham Gonsalves, son of activist Vernon Gonsalves, says that the family had no news of him for a month till he was allowed a phone call in April. In July, they found that he and activist colleague Arun Ferreira were taking care of ailing poet Varavara Rao in jail, helping him bathe and brush his teeth. "My father is very resilient and he does not mention any difficulties but it is unfair to expect him to take care of another aged person," he says. The family struggled to get a Covid test for him too after he got symptoms. "We had to beg to talk to him. The whole system is such that you are treated like a second class citizen," he says.
Madhurima Dhanuka, who works on prison reforms with NGO Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, says no prisoner should have to go through this indignity but admits that prisons continue to be opaque. "The pandemic has made prisons even more closed," she says.
One of the mechanisms that can ensure accountability and grievance redressal is a responsive body that includes a judge, district magistrate and others that will make regular visits to the prison and address these day-to-day issues, she suggests. "However very few states have even constituted such a committee that would ensure a collaborative way of addressing issues," she adds.
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Explained: WhatsApp's case vs Israeli spyware firm NSO, and how attack happened
Advocacy, Announcements, Health Care, Human Rights, Justice, Kractivism, Law, Political Prisoners, Politics, Prison


If you could prove that, it would change everything.
The FBI couldn't prove it.
Yes, she kept the info on a server at her house, and she knew it was there.
That is knowingly holding classified info in places that was not proper.
Now you admit, she should have been charged.
Although the standard definition of carelessness is negligence.
You said that I wouldn't have to intends to kill someone to be charged, only knowingly operate the vehicle in an unsafe manner.
I said that intent would be the difference between the charges you would face.
In the safe way, Hillary wouldn't have to intend for classified material to be compromised, only knowingly store it in an unsafe manner.
"Knowingly" implies intent. Can you prove that intent?
Now you want to act like you didn't say that, which is pathetic, and further illustrates your agenda here isn't being truthful or getting to facts, but in shilling for your side.
I did say it, but you are not putting it in the same context as I did.
It just further illustrates that you can't stay on track and will twist # as you see fit.
Correct. The law often is applied using "a reasonable person" standards. Negligence is such a case. If your tree falls on a neighbor, it isn't automatically negligent on your part. If circumstances or evidence exist that a reasonable person would have cause to believe might constitute a hazard (tree has been sick, dying, leaning, etc) and one did not take reasonable precautions to prevent it, then legal negligence is judged to have occurred.
You don't have to intend for your tree to fall on your neighbors to be negligent.
Add to your list, he was involved in investigating the Clinton emails found on Anthony "the perv" Weiner's laptop (if this link is correct.
Can you prove she knew classified info was on the server?
Admit what? You say things like that when you try to shut down a debate.