Bishops, also called pastors and teachers.
Each one of these had a right to exercise all the offices inferior to his own; but one filling an inferior, had no right to discharge the duties of a superior office. Thus, the Apostolic office included all the others; and a bishop or elder had the right to act as a deacon, so long as his doing so did not impede the due discharge of duties peculiarly his own. A deacon, on the other hand, had no right to exercise the office of a bishop; nor had a bishop any authority to take on him the duties of an apostle. Each superior office included all below it.
Two of these offices – those of apostle and evangelist – were temporary, necessary at the first establishment of Christianity, but not necessary to be perpetuated. The apostles were witnesses of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, endowed with the power of working miracles and of conferring the Holy Ghost by the laying on of their hands, the infallible expounders of the Divine will, and the founders of the Christian Church; and, having served the purpose for which they were sent, they disappeared out of the world, and, as apostles, have left no successors. Evangelists were missionaries – men who travelled from place to place preaching the Gospel, and who acted as the assistants and delegates of the apostles in organizing Churches. Of these, Philip and Timothy and Titus were the most eminent examples. It deserves to be remarked, with regard to these temporary, or, as they are usually called, extraordinary office-bearers, that their sphere of duty was not limited to a congregation, but extended to the Church at large. They were members of any Christian Society, within whose bounds they resided for a time, but their mission was to the world, and their authority extended to the Church universal.
The offices of bishop and deacon were, on the other hand, designed to be perpetual in the Church. The bishops, or, as they are more usually called, elders,[This is assumed for the present: it will be proved afterward] and pastors, and teachers, were office bearers, whose duty it was to instruct and govern the Church. The deacons had charge of temporal concerns, and were entrusted with the special duty of ministering to the necessities of the poor. The Church can never cease to have need of these two offices, so long as its members have spiritual and temporal wants to be supplied.
But it is to be observed, with regard to the bishops and deacons, that they were mainly congregational officers. The sphere of their duty was not so general as that of the apostles, prophets, and evangelists, but lay for the most part within the bounds of that particular Church or district for which they were appointed to act.
To take a similitude from temporal things: it is one thing to conquer a kingdom and become master of it, and another thing to govern it when conquered, so as to retain the possession which has been acquired. The same agents and the same expedients are not properly adapted to both. For the first of these purposes, there was a set of extraordinary ministers or officers in the Church, who, like the military forces intended for conquest, could not be fixed to a particular spot whilst there remained any provinces to conquer. Their charge was, in a manner, universal, and their functions ambulatory. For the second, there was a set of ordinary ministers or pastors, corresponding to civil governors, to whom it was necessary to allot distinct charges or precincts, to which their services were chiefly to be confined, in order to instruct the people, to preside in the public worship and religious ordinances, and to give them the necessary assistance for the regulation of their conduct.
With these preliminary observations, we proceed in search of The First Principle.


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text:
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The Horror Time Capsule – 1995: Tales from the Hood
Posted by: Simplistic Reviews Posted on October 21, 2015
Tales from the Hood – Unsung
You might be thinking two things right now; One, what took so long for another reviews, and two, what happened to an entry for 1994. Well, to be honest with you, 1994 was a super shitty year for horror, it was downright scary how bad 1994 was for the genre. So, to save you all a review of "Puppet Master 4" I figured I would skip to 1995 where I could review a "real" horror film. And by "real" I mean "real" in that gangster way, because I'm about to keep it "real" with one of the unsung horror gems from the mid-90s; "Tales from the Hood."
"Hood" is an anthology film in the vein of "Creepshow" or "Tales from the Darkside: The Movie." The wrap around story features a trio of drug dealers who show up late one night at a funeral home where they meet creepy mortician, Mr. Simms. Eager to get their "shit" and go, Mr. Simms takes them deep into his funeral home and introduces them to four bodies with stories to tell, including a man wrongfully killed by racist police, a kid who worries about a monster, a racist southerner with a doll problem, and a gang banger who tries to get rehabilitated "Clockwork Orange" style.
Overall, I really like this film. It's super campy, bloody, and when you think about it now, has some pretty strong political messages about race relations and our government. Clarence Williams III hams it up big time as Mr. Simms and you get some pretty decent performances from the likes of Corbin Bernsen and David Alan Grier. The most effective story to me is probably the final segment that not only puts a bow on the film, but is also pretty creepy in its own right.
Out of all horror anthologies, I would say that "Hood" owes most to the original "Tales from the Crypt" from 1972 with it's tone and ending. Is "Hood" better than "Tales?" Well, that's all up to opinion of course.
If you thought this one was scary, check out these other Hood Classics from 1995:
Halloween 6: The Curse of Michael Myers
Lord of Illusions
John Carpenter's Village of the Damned
Vampire in Brooklyn
The Horror Time Capsule – 1993: Body Bags
Oct 21, 2015: A Sneak Peek into our Future!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Parser
******

.. automodule:: choice.parser

.. autoclass:: choice.parser.Parser
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :inherited-members:

.. autoclass:: choice.parser.QuestParser
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

.. autoclass:: choice.parser.ChunkParser
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

.. autoclass:: choice.parser.IndexParser
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

.. autoclass:: choice.parser.StemsParser
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

.. autoclass:: choice.parser.BlockParser
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
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.. autoclass:: choice.parser.SingleParser
    :members:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Oracle.RightNow.Toa.Client.Common;
using Oracle.RightNow.Toa.Client.Model;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Oracle.RightNow.Toa.Client.InboundProxyService;
using Oracle.RightNow.Toa.Client.Logs;

namespace Oracle.RightNow.Toa.Client.Services
{
    public class ToaRequestResult
    {
        private List<IToaModel> _dataModels;
        private List<ReportMessageModel> _reportMessages;
        private ToaRequestResultCode _resultCode;
        private IToaLog _log;

        public ToaRequestResult()
        {
            _dataModels = new List<IToaModel>();
            _resultCode = ToaRequestResultCode.Failure;
            _log = ToaLogService.GetLog();
        }

        public ToaRequestResultCode ResultCode
        {
            get { return _resultCode; }
            set { _resultCode = value; }
        }

        public List<ReportMessageModel> ReportMessages
        {
            get { return _reportMessages; }
            internal set { _reportMessages = value; }
        }

        public List<IToaModel> DataModels
        {
            get { return _dataModels; }
            set { _dataModels = value; }
        }

        public void processResponseElement(InboundInterfaceResponseElement inboundResponseElement)
        {
            if (inboundResponseElement.report != null)
            {
                ReportMessageElement[] reportMessages = inboundResponseElement.report;
                WorkOrderModel workOrderModel = new WorkOrderModel();
                if (null != reportMessages && reportMessages.Length > 0)
                {
                    _log.Notice("Processing Report Element for WorkOrder");
                    foreach (ReportMessageElement reportMessage in reportMessages)
                    {
                        workOrderModel.AddReportMessage(reportMessage.result, reportMessage.type, reportMessage.code, reportMessage.description);
                        if (!reportMessage.code.Equals(ActivityProperty.TOA_Report_Success_Code))
                        {
                            _resultCode = Common.ToaRequestResultCode.Failure;
                            _log.Error("Error creating appointment ",
                                "Result:" + reportMessage.result + ", Type:" + reportMessage.type + ", Code:" + reportMessage.code + ", Description:" + reportMessage.description);
                        }
                    }
                    _log.Notice("Processing of Report Element for WorkOrder is done");
                }
                _dataModels.Add(workOrderModel);
            }
            else if (inboundResponseElement.data != null)
            {
                CommandResponseElement[] commands = inboundResponseElement.data.commands;
                _resultCode = Common.ToaRequestResultCode.Success;
                if (null != commands && commands.Length > 0)
                {
                    foreach (CommandResponseElement command in commands)
                    {
                        WorkOrderModel workOrderModel = new WorkOrderModel();
                        ReportMessageElement[] reportMessages = command.appointment.report;
                        if (null != reportMessages && reportMessages.Length > 0)
                        {
                            _log.Notice("Processing Report Element for WorkOrder");
                            foreach (ReportMessageElement reportMessage in reportMessages)
                            {
                                workOrderModel.AddReportMessage(reportMessage.result, reportMessage.type, reportMessage.code, reportMessage.description);
                                if (!reportMessage.code.Equals(ActivityProperty.TOA_Report_Success_Code))
                                {
                                    _resultCode = Common.ToaRequestResultCode.Failure;
                                    _log.Error("Error creating appointment:" + command.appointment.appt_number,
                                        "Result:" + reportMessage.result + ", Type:" + reportMessage.type + ", Code:" + reportMessage.code + ", Description:" + reportMessage.description);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    _log.Notice("Appointment created:" + command.appointment.appt_number,
                                        "Result:" + reportMessage.result + ", Type:" + reportMessage.type + ", Code:" + reportMessage.code + ", Description:" + reportMessage.description);
                                }

                            }
                            _log.Notice("Processing of Report Element for WorkOrder is done");
                        }
                        workOrderModel.AppointmentNumber = command.appointment.appt_number;
                        _log.Notice("WorkOrder Id:" + command.appointment.appt_number);
                        workOrderModel.TOA_AID = command.appointment.aid;
                        _log.Notice("ETA Direct Activity Id:" + command.appointment.aid);
                        workOrderModel.CustomerNumber = command.appointment.customer_number;
                        workOrderModel.CommandType = ToaEnumsUtil.GetActivityCommandTypeEnum(command.type);
                        workOrderModel.AssignedDate = command.date;
                        workOrderModel.ExternalId = command.external_id;

                        _dataModels.Add(workOrderModel);

                        //Processing Inventories
                        InventoryResponseElement[] inventoriesResponseElement = command.appointment.inventories;
                        if (null != inventoriesResponseElement && inventoriesResponseElement.Length > 0)
                        {
                            List<InventoryModel> inventoryResponseModels = new List<InventoryModel>();
                            foreach (InventoryResponseElement inventoryResponseElement in inventoriesResponseElement)
                            {
                                ReportMessageElement[] inventoryReportMessages = inventoryResponseElement.report;
                                InventoryModel responseInventoryModel = new InventoryModel();
                                if (inventoryResponseElement.invid > 0)
                                {
                                    responseInventoryModel.InventoryID = inventoryResponseElement.invid;
                                    _log.Notice("Inventory ID is:" + inventoryResponseElement.invid);
                                }

                                _log.Notice("Processing Report Element for Inventory");
                                if (null != inventoryReportMessages)
                                {
                                    foreach (ReportMessageElement reportMessage in inventoryReportMessages)
                                    {
                                        responseInventoryModel.AddReportMessage(reportMessage.result, reportMessage.type, reportMessage.code, reportMessage.description);
                                        if (!reportMessage.code.Equals(ActivityProperty.TOA_Report_Success_Code))
                                        {
                                            _resultCode = Common.ToaRequestResultCode.Failure;
                                            _log.Error("Error creating/updating inventory",
                                       "Result:" + reportMessage.result + ", Type:" + reportMessage.type + ", Code:" + reportMessage.code + ", Description:" + reportMessage.description);
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                            _log.Notice("Inventory added/updated",
                                        "Result:" + reportMessage.result + ", Type:" + reportMessage.type + ", Code:" + reportMessage.code + ", Description:" + reportMessage.description);
                                        }
                                    }
                                }

                                _log.Notice("Processing of Report Element for Inventory is done");
                                if (null != inventoryResponseElement.properties)
                                {
                                    foreach (PropertyElement inventoryProperty in inventoryResponseElement.properties)
                                    {
                                        switch (inventoryProperty.label)
                                        {
                                            case "invsn":
                                                responseInventoryModel.SerialNumber = inventoryProperty.value;
                                                _log.Notice("Inventory Serial Number is:" + inventoryProperty.value);
                                                break;
                                            case "invtype_label":
                                                responseInventoryModel.Type = inventoryProperty.value;
                                                _log.Notice("Inventory Type is:" + inventoryProperty.value);
                                                break;
                                            default:
                                                break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                //Adding individual inventory to list
                                inventoryResponseModels.Add(responseInventoryModel);
                            }
                            //Adding list to WorkOrder Model
                            workOrderModel.ActivityInventories = inventoryResponseModels;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


text:
St TEILO again! Another Special Monastery at Llant...
ST CLETHER--AND A PRESENCE!!!!3
St KEYNE'S WELL (CEINWEN)
Well, Well, Well!-St Clether , St Keyne and St Gur...
St George of England, Brychan Brycheiniog's family...
St Neot and the Wandering Relics Bodmin Moor, Part...
St Mary's Under the Wood -LLANFAIR DISCOED
St TEILO again! Another Special Monastery at Llantilio Crossenny-Llan-deilo
Earlier this year, in February and March, I posted a number of entries abou St Teilo, and of course there was also a podcast programme, not just about the life of the early saint, but also about the relic of St Teilo's Skull. St Teilo was, of course one time Bishop of Llandaff, taking over from St Dyfrig/ Bubricius and the relic of his skull can be read in the January or February blogs. In addition, I did a soundseeing tour around Llandaff Cathedral.the skull having had an interesting story all of its own in its trip around the world!
Last Friday, I visited the ancient Church at Llantilio Crossenny.St Teilo is linked inextricably with Gwent. He seems to have had a close association with Llanarth, by climbing the Skyrrid and invoking, with all his monks the strength of Almighty God with St Michael to protect the Monastery from the Saxons (The Skyrrid or 'Holy Mountain' being Englished to 'St Michael;s Mount.
We have his close attachment to King Meurig, son of King (St)Tewdrig who established and funded Llandaff and, incidentally, saw to it for hundreds of years in the future that the then=pagan Saxons did not penetrate the Forest of Dean and Wychavon into Wales. Meurig was named after the Martyr St Maurice and Tewdrig is the welsh version of Theoderick the Bishop of the ancient church.So there is also the link with Mathern, near Chepstow, where Tewdrig died. These stories are all told from the Book of Llandaff (Liber Landaviensis) on the Mary in Monmouth podcasts. There is even an account of the consecration of Llandaff Cathedral, with Teilo and his nephew Oudocceus or 'Docco' after which monasteries were named at Llandogo near Tintern and in Cornwall.
Llantilio Crossenny is fairly near (South West of Monmouth) and I remember it well from its summer festival and its concert at Christmas. My first singing teacher lived in the village at Treadam and I was called upon as a girl singer to sing there a few times, in the days where the composer Mansel Thomas played the cello. It was afterwards at the Christmas concert we all gathered in the local hostelry with a lemonade and sat by the log fire, exhilerated by the occasion and performances.It was strange to make the pilgrimage back after thirty years, and my child remembrances actually had played me false. It was a much larger and more ancient church than I remembered.
The other mention of Llantilio was in Hansard for 1679. The then vicar of Llantilio is mentioned as having testified that only forty people attended his church, most of his flocl disappearing to the Gunter House in Abergavenny and its secret attic chapel and entrance, with the 'mark of the Jesuits' (oh dear!)on the wall. This was Vicar Greenhaigh at the trial of the most blessed Martyr, Father St David Lewis , the Father of the Poor, loved by Catholic and Protestant and hung for being a priest by a grieving population. This was all in the tide of the Titus Oates hoax and the fear of the landed gentry of having their property newly aquired from the church reposessed, if ever the Catholic Church recovered from persecution. When we reach that persecution segment in our county's history, I hope to publish more about it then, but just now wish to return to Teilo because of the name Llan-tilio is an English corruption of Llan-deilo and the Crossenny part from the Latin Crucis and Welsh version of that, the cross being the Cross of King Iddon, the successor to Meurig.
In 550 AD King Iddon asked Teilo, at his Monastery in Llanarth to pray for him, as Saxons were again making raids into the area. Teilo came North, raised a Cross on the pre-Christian mound and King Iddon repelled them.In return, Iddon granted Teilo the mound to build his holy church and monastery (llan)the dedication probably being to St Teilo and the Blessed Virgin Mary as every monastery was in those days. The customary rituals would have gone on, the clearing of the area, forty days of prayer and fasting on the site, then the final dedication of the church and llan. We know the monks and brothers and sisters did a Liturgy of the Hours,much longer than ours today. Later Teilo became Bishop of Llandaff.
Llantilio Crossenny , therefore means the ;Holy Place of Teilo at Iddon's Cross.
The Guide Book to this interesting church tells us that a grant of 3 modil of land(27 acres)was granted by King Iddon to St Teilo in 550 AD which came to the Church at Llandaff and is mentioned in ecclesiastical documents of 1119,1128 and 1291 AD.This was a lot of land and would have included land for animal husbandry and crop growing to support the community. Also the first church would have been made of wood or mud and wattles as we have noticed elsewhere. When the Normans arrived in the eleventh century and set about reorganising the churches, and establishing them as local defence structures and places where weapons could be kept in the face of attacks, espeically by Welsh princes, the buildings were replaced in stone by the 12th or 13 centuries. This is the result below. The staircase leading to the upper tower room has disappeared, leaving the door, quite high up in the Wall.There was a central gothic (early English) tower in the centre , some sixty feet high. It originally had a parapet, as shown by the gargoyles and probably a flat lead roof or one in the form of a low pyramid covered with stone tiles.More details after the pictures below..
You can probably see from one of the last pictures the tell tale circular feature of the Llan.]
This was rebuilt in the fourteenth century in the 'decorated style' and there is still (see above) the decorated piscina, where the priest poured to earth the washing water of the chalice and patten, used at Mass. In fact, there are various arches on the North wall, leading into what would have been the Lady Chapel according to the guide book, but I would have thought the Lady Chapel, in common wit Catholic practice would have been to the left of the altar, and the right hand chapel holding the Blessed Sacrament, so that Christ, as it were was on the right hand side of God, if you faced the people from the altar and our Lady on the left hand side. I may not be right about this, and perhaps it does not matter but I observe this is usually the case. In Abbey Churches, Lady Chapels are often separate, behind the High Altar.On the South wall is the priests door,and another door gave access to a priests room. In common practice was, that when monks from the priory at Monmouth came occarionally to say Mass they would then be accommodated in this room as happened at Caerwent. The writer of the huide book also mentions the window facing down toards the altar, and it was possibly where a watch was kept on pilgims coming to pray before the relics, presumably of St Teilo-though clearly not his skull which seems to have had its own adventures, and is now once again in Llandaff Cathedral.
Welsh Reverence of Relics
A marked feature of the religious life of the old Cymry is in the respect and reverence given to relics- creiriau
In the relion and in the legal system of the tribe they play an indispensable part. Nawdd y Creiriau is frequently mentioned in old documents-it means the protection afforded to relics.When a beloved person dies it is quite usual for us to keep a remembrance-I kept an old brown jacket and driving license from my father. My house has reminders of him all over. It is a fond remembrance and assurance he is still there. In these early times people felt like that about beloved saints. After many years of their daath, often their bones would be retrieved and a bone placed under a Catholic altar, because in the Book of Revelations the Martyrs poured out at the end of time from under the altar mentioned there. According to teaching, the holiness and holy spirit had permeated every part of the Saint's body and that by praying in its proximity, there would be spiritual benefits of healing or special grace or religious insight or nearness to God, which was what the saint was now enjoying. Of course this was always going to be open to claims of abuse, that people used relics as 'lucky charms' but this was clearly not the case.Gerald the Welshman recalls the reverence of the Welsh for the relics. Swearing on the relics was the regular mode of procedure in the law courts of the tribe (Venedotian Code of Hywel Dda book 2 cap 10)
The litigant had to swear at the church where his sacramental bread and Holy Water shall be 'bara offeren ay dwyfar swyn'
In the Book of Llandaff there are many references to the custom of swearing on the relics of St Teilo. (Liber Landaviensis pp115)
Even at the time of the Annexation of Wales, the repsect paid to relics is illustrated by a letter of Edward I written about 1281 It refers to the relics of St Asaph the pupil of St Kentigern (Mungo) the original founder of the see.The King proposed that the relics be transferred from the Cathedral to Rhuddlan for the sake of safety.There are even stories of communities fighting over relics, for ecample those of st Beuno, uncle of St Winifred.(Gwenfrewi)There are also records of relics being carried into battle as late as Owain Glyndwr.Many relics were smuggled away and hidden during the times of persecution in the 16, 17 centuries and guarded by Guardians.
Easter Sepulchre
This refers to the custom during the Tenebrae.It held a large crucifix for veneration on Good Friday afternoon mass and then this would be placed in a large tomb on the north wall of the chancel or Sanctuary and a vigil kept until the light entered the Chuch at Midnight on Easter Eve. I had photos of a wooden Sepulcher at St Sannon's Church in Bedwellty. Then I noticed one in St Neot;s Church but minus the stone carved chest. I think there would have been one here too. This church was obviously important and linked with the Cathedral-it is also quite large for a country church and I really feel it would have had a stonw chest Easter Sepulchre, bow removed (when Anglicans took it over in the 16th century perhaps. Looking again at the Bedwellty pictures will give you an idea of the kind of carvings and inscriptions which would have been upon it.
Floor Slabs
There are several interesting stone slabs on the floor from various families who lived in the area subsequetly abd worshipped there in late Tudor times.
Ringing Chamber
There are eight bells in all but they are from 1709 and so not Mediaeval. Their frame rests on four large timber supports, all careved from one oak tree.They are sixty feet high and stand on four blocks of stone, one at each corner of the tower. This extra support was put in at the time the bells were put in, and the spire is also a later addition.Original bells came from Gloucester (Adrian Ruddhall)(tenor weighs 10 cwts and 23llbs (520kgs)The White Chapel Bell Foundry of London chipped in in 1978 and another two added. The present tenor weighs 4cwts and 2 qts nd 4 lb (230kgs) and is tuned in D major.
Rood Screen was torn down
Originally the steps leading to the ringing chamber also led to a rood screen, containing a Crucifix and a statue of St Maru and St John.
The Navewould originally in the stone building been in the Early English style and lower than at present.It was raised in the 14th century in a perpendicular style. It was raised on its slender colums when a clerestory was added adding more light higher up. These high arches contrast with the lower, Early English tower arch,
Saxon or Norman Font
This is found in the North aisle. It was rescued from the churchyard in the nineteenth century, probably at the time of the Oxford Movement and brought back into the Church.
The most easterly window on the north wall has glass from Llantilio Court. The leftshows the inscription and coat of arms of Sir David Gam, Knighted by King Henry V, when Sir David was mortally wounded at the Battle of Agincourt.Sir David lived at Hengwrt, a nearby manor demolished in 1459. He is purported to be Shakespeare's Fluellen in Henry V but the dates are says te guide book inconsistent.
The right side of the Window is dedicated to Sir William Herbert, also connected with Llantilio and one of the family of the glorious defenders of the Catholic Faith in future centuries.The original entrance would have been through the south porch and its stoup (next to font) but now the entran e is through a west door
Ladye Chapel
The guide book says the North transept became the Lady Chapel in the fourteenth century, perhaps because during the middle ages, the virgin mother gained greater status and perhaps the smaller chapel was not large enough.At the same time the original window was removed and replaced by the larger perpendicular window, which had four lights. This is now filled with glass by Mrs Morgan Clifford in memory of her husband and son.
Edward V (one of the murdered princes in the tower) or Edward II (1302-27)
ON either side of the altar table in this chapel-in which there is no representation of Mary today,are two corbels or brackets meant to hold statues. They could be of either of the two kings above as the hairstyles are indicative of these periods.
CIL-LLWCH
There is a strong article, which I will deal with in later blogs, by Fred Hndo's visit to this manor and its attick chapel. The family were strong and loyal recusant Catholics and held regular Masses at their house, Cil-llwch Manor, which still esists and is mentioned also in Hansard of 1679 at the Trial of Father David Lewis
Te lucis ante terminum
Cyn tywyll nos , O Arglwydd Nef Before dark night, O Lord of Heaven
 dyfal lef o'r galon With earnest cry from the heart
Erchwn arnat, Geidwad cu, We beg of you, dear Saviour
I'n Cadw rhag peryglon…. To keep us from all danger….
Dewi Nant Bran Father David Powell
Where did Catholics Worship in Monmouthshire/Gwent?
This cannot be an exhaustive list but is representative only…..
1.Cil llwch _Killough Manor had a secret chapel-(The Powell Family) Father Andrewes
was the priest they kept/ Killough, it is now marked on OS maps with its Welsh spelling.
It lies West of Llantilio Crossenny
Fred Hando describes a Priest hole at Cillwch. llwch referrs to running water, cil is a secret place, (The secluded place by the brook.)
There is a secret (though not very secret in the light of the information today!) chapel in the house where people gathered for Mass. The Vicar of Llantilio Crosseny testified to the House of Commons Enquiry that he had seen Father Thomas Andrews at 'Killouch' and had seen him say Mass there.He had also seen Father Thomas at William Davies' House in Bettws Newydd as well.
The less lucky Faithful went to the church of St Michael at the top of the Skirrid, or Holy Mountain, where they prayed the Rosary or celebrated Mass when there was a priest. The Priest who said Mass here too was Father Andrews, a Jesuit, who did his priestly duties well and managed to escape martyrdom.The burial of Catholics during these terrible times was always distressing, as they had to be buried at the dead of night,though presumably, since they owned the living, the priest buried them in what had originally been their parish church, with the Vicar turning the other way. The Powell family, perhaps including Father Powell were buried in this church.
There is a green man in the church symbol of death and Rebirth of Our Lod Jesus, adapted from an earlier figure of pagan worship of death and rebirth.There are two squints allowing the occupants of the Ladye Chapel to see through to the altar for the elevation of the Host before the consecration at Mass. Further testimony to the existance of an Easter Sepulchre.The guide book mentions that there may have been an anchorite in the church as well.
This contains the remains of an ancient preaching cross now carrying a simple wood cross , since the original stone one must hav ebecaome dangerous and was dismantled.This cross is a memorial to those who died in the two world wars.
The Churchyard is also curcular establishing its claim to be an early Christian llan.
When I had gone around the church , I said a Rosary for many intentions and especially for our recusant priests, As I went on I felt colder and colder and was relieved to walk into the open sair as it was sunny outside!
Posted by Mary in Monmouth at 1:17 PM
Labels: Hengwrt, Llantilio Crossenny, Relics, Sir David Gam, St Teilo
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text:
Q: Advanced XML language injections I have some xml files in which I embed the python code and I'm using language injection for it. It is sort of working but not for 100%. Here is an example

<frm>

...

 <script>

  <code name = "__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)">

   <![CDATA[

# Python code

super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

]]>

  </code>

 </script>

</frm>

The above xml should be "translated" to the following python code:

class Form1(FormBase):

 def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

  # Python code

  super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

...

Now, my first question, is it possible to define language injection for the full path of the tag? I mean frm/script/code? Because it is working only if I specify "code" as local name in xml language injection.
For <script> I have defined prefix as "class Form1(FormBase):", but don't know if it's working, because hovering on "self" in the method definition doesn't show anything, only that is isn't used anywhere.
The <code> tag is working OK (I guess). But the injection for the <code>'s CDATA isn't working as a part of the function body. I have it defined as "code" as a local name in xml injection.
Indentations - Could I somehow specify, that the code in the <code> tag should be idented for some number of spaces/tabs?
Could I somehow view the "generated" code from the language injections?
Or could I somehow make a plugin which would create the language injection I need?
(The question was posted on pycharm forums, but no reply https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/360006457580-Advanced-XML-language-injections-)
Thanks
edit:
So I have tried to make a plugin using LanguageInjector and also MultiHostInjector but no luck. The python indentations are really problematic and I couldn't "generate" code that would have right indentations. What I would really need is to have option to pre-process the whole xml, generate the python code and then map the code to the XML parts (as I'm doing in my application). If anyone know it it is possible, please let me know.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Funded by the Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration, OCASI's Mental Health Project (2016-2017) was aimed at enhancing the capacity of front- line workers and immigrant and refugee serving agencies in Ontario to respond to the mental health and trauma needs of refugee clients.
A part of OCASI's 2016-2017 Mental Health Project, this guide aims to improve the capacity of immigrant and refugee serving agencies to promote the mental health of newcomers in general, but particularly that of their refugee clients.
While several agencies have developed their own internal tools and policies to promote mental health while responding to related challenges among their clients, many have not. This document provides crucial guidelines for such agencies to adapt in ways that addresses their own needs, clients, and services while taking into account the resources to which they have access.


text:
Leeds eyesore to get makeover
Plans to transform a Leeds city centre riverside eyesore into a new "urban quarter" have been given the go-ahead.
Developer Gladedale is bidding to spend tens of millions of pounds at the former Yorkshire Chemicals site in Kirkstall Road on the
Island access for vehicles will be off the Wellington Road industrial estate road. The island will be fully pedestrianised with vehicles taken into a basement car park.
A total of 14 buildings will be built as part of the scheme and 1,382 parking spaces provided.
The council's city centre plans panel backed the scheme and agreed officers could grant outline planning consent once a legal agreement relating to public transport improvements, affordable housing and other issues had been signed.
The outline plan covers access arrangements and the siting of the buildings. Full design details will be included in a later application. The report to the panel said the development could prove to be a catalyst for further investment in the area.
Coun Elizabeth Nash (Lab, City and Hunslet) said: "The sooner this scheme gets the go ahead the better because the area is an eyesore."
Coun Jamie Matthews (Lib Dem, Headingley) said "he was broadly supportive of the plan and he felt that – unlike Clarence Dock – the development would have plenty of green space."
Coun James Monaghan (Lib Dem, Headingley) said the brownfield site was ideal for development.
Coun Neil Taggart (Lab, Bramley) added: "I hope it actually happens."
Yorkshire Chemicals went into receivership in 2004 and the factory was demolished in 2007.


One of the actors on "Game of Thrones" said in a new interview the fantasy drama mimics modern life under President Donald Trump.
Kit Harington spoke with Variety ahead of the show's eighth and final season and compared Trump to a boy-king on the show who relished in chaos before he was killed in the fourth season.
"I think it's always been about two things for me. About dysfunctional families — or families in general, always where the best drama is — and the everlasting idea that people who seek power are very often the last people who should have it," Harington said.
"Unfortunately, we're leaving 'Thrones' with a Joffrey as the president of the United States of America."
Harington added he is "deeply sad" about the current state of the world.
"I'm deeply sad of the state of the world as 'Thrones' ends," he said. "Because if it was prophetic, you'd hope that people would have watched 'Thrones' and tried to avoid some of the situations these characters find themselves in, and I feel like we are living in a more 'Thrones'-like world."
A "Game of Thrones" boy-king who relished in chaos before he was killed in the fourth season reminds actor Kit Harington of President Donald Trump, according to a Variety report.


text:
Everything you need to know about how Trump plans to run America
Moya Crockett
During his run for the White House, Donald Trump was frequently criticised for his campaign's lack of concrete policy promises.
But on Monday the President-elect of the United States appeared in a short video on social media in which he outlined the aims of a Trump administration.
In a move which may offer some small comfort to anxious liberals, Trump avoided mentioning some of his more incendiary campaign promises, such as tracking Muslims, deporting immigrants and repealing the Affordable Care Act, and instead spoke of his intention to create jobs, renegotiate trade deals and impose bans on lobbying.
But in the video, published on YouTube, he also indicated that he will seek to "cancel" energy policies that he sees as restricting economic growth – a potential disaster for the environment.
"My agenda will be based on a simple core principle: putting America first," said Trump, in the straight-to-camera video.
"Whether it's producing steel, building cars or curing disease, I want the next generation of production and innovation to happen right here, in our great homeland: America – creating wealth and jobs for American workers."
Read more: Scientists reveal how long it will take to stop feeling sad about the US election
The President-elect said that he had asked his transition team, whose job it is to manage the exchange of power between the Obama and Trump administrations, to "develop a list of executive actions" they can take on Trump's first day in office.
Although they are often confused with legally binding presidential executive orders, most executive actions "carry no legal weight," according to political writer Tom Murse. Instead, he says, a good way to think of executive actions is as the president's "wish list of policies" – meaning that not everything Trump has outlined in this most recent video is guaranteed to be enacted.
The key points of his statement are summarised below.
Trump steered clear of mentioning his previously stated plans to deport 11 million undocumented immigrants in military-style roundups.
However, he still said that he would "direct the Department of Labour to investigate all abuses of visa programmes that undercut the American worker".
Read more: "Why I, as a Hispanic woman, voted for Trump"
The President-elect's comments on energy may still prompt anxiety among those who care about the environment. Trump has been infamously cavalier in his attitude towards green issues in the past, promising to withdraw the US from the Paris Climate Accord and notably once describing global warming as a conspiracy "created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive".
In his new video, he pledged to "cancel job-killing restriction on the production of American energy, including shale energy and clean coal".
Trump said he would ask the US department of defence and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to "develop a comprehensive plan to protect America's vital infrastructure from cyber-attacks and all other form of attacks".
It's probably just as well that Trump is consulting with others on the matter of cybersecurity. During a discussion about cyber warfare in September's presidential debate, he was roundly mocked after he failed to mention any concrete facts or policies, choosing instead to boast that his 10-year-old son Barron "is so good with computers, it's unbelievable".
Trade and regulation
Trump pledged to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a trade agreement which he described as "a potential disaster for our country".
In keeping with the Republican ethos of small government, he also said that his administration will "formulate a rule which says for every one new regulation two old regulations must be eliminated".
Read more: Netflix has just dropped the emotional first trailer for its Barack Obama biopic
Since Trump's election victory, his team has been dogged by accusations that his transition to the White House is going less than smoothly. Several former allies have been fired in what has been described as a "purge" orchestrated by one of Trump's closest advisors, his daughter Ivanka's husband Jared Kushner.
Recent appointees to Trump's cabinet of horrors, meanwhile, include several notorious racists, sexists and xenophobes. His new chief strategist is Steve Bannon, the head of ultra-conservative, alt-right 'news organisation' Breitbart News (choice headlines: "Birth control makes women unattractive and crazy"; "Young Muslims in the West are a ticking time bomb").
Michael Flynn – an Islamophobe who has been paid by authoritarian regimes in Turkey and Russia, and is described by several former colleagues as "unhinged" – has been made national security advisor. And Jeff Sessions, Trump's new attorney general, was rejected for a federal judgeship in 1986 after making racist remarks, including allegedly calling a black lawyer "boy".
But in his latest video, Trump insisted that "our transition team is working very smoothly, efficiently and effectively. Truly great and talented men and women, patriots indeed, are being brought in and many will soon be a part of our government, helping us to make America great again."
Images: Rex Features, Getty
Moya is Contributing Women's Editor at stylist.co.uk and Deputy Editor of Stylist Loves, Stylist's daily email newsletter.


Question: I have peak files for different histone modifications. How can I see them?
So I have some data from this paper. For example, one of the data files is this peak file for histone modification H3K4me2. Its a .BED file. I'm supposed to take this data and process it using methods of another paper I am reading. I've read the papers and understand what I am supposed to do but since this is my first time working with actual data, I am a bit lost about it.
So if I understand this correctly, the peak files (for example like above) gives me reads of DNA sequences that are bound to that specific histone modification. So in theory I am looking at a lot of peaks when referenced against the genome (which is mm9). I have the reference files in .fa format. Different chromosomes are in separate files.
So what software can I use to deal with this data? What does the .BED format tell me? I am looking to work with in R or MATLAB. Basically, how do I get started?
Secondary question, in the GEO link, at the bottom they have two additional "replicate" text files. What is the important of those files?
Edit: Additionally, if anyone has any papers to a "introductory workflow" for this type of data/processing, please let me know.
The paper that the data comes from talks about how it is a higher quality data than previous studies. It's got more sequencing depth. That being said, I am going to download raw data and trying to replicate their peak files for my own sake and learning.
The peak files (in BED format) tell you where their peak caller says peaks (significantly higher than expected numbers of aligned reads) are located. You can look at that in IGV or most any other genome browser to see how those peaks might relate to a gene that you're interested in. BED format is a simple text file, so you can open that in pretty much any language if you want.
Regarding how you get started, it depends entirely on what you want to do.
The "replicate" files seem to be a poor substitute for SAM/BAM files.
Honestly, if you want to do anything with this dataset then you'd be better off downloading the raw reads from SRA, mapping them, and then continuing with whatever you want to do.
Sorry, I must have missed your comment!
So the peak files are a bit annoying in that they just mark where they found a peak. They don't actually show anything about how high the peak was, or where its summit is, or what the neighbouring coverage looks like. If you sorted and viewed the "replicate" files (they're basically BED files, though you might have to edit them) then perhaps you could use that to actually see the evidence for the peak calls.
BTW, I wouldn't recommend drawing the conclusion that all nucleosomes have a given modification within a peak region. A peak just means that nucleosomes are significantly more likely to have that modification than those elsewhere.
so all these small black bars (http://i.imgur.com/yWjAv9j.png) means what exactly then? I thought it meant that between the two positions, the nucleosomes all have this modification (given that the data is good and had good enrichment). My goal here is to use this data as follows: split up the mouse genome in 200bp resolution bins, and for each bin determine if a modification is there or not. So I was thinking that using these files which give me "chr1 4847005 4847705" I can safely say that when I am in those positions I can mark a "yes for the histone mod".
Again thank you very much. I don't have a biology/bioinformatics background and I find that talking to someone like yourself helps me understand better.
They're presumably just called peaks. It would be difficult to ever determine that all of the histones in a given stretch of DNA always have some given modification. ChIP-seq will tell you whether a region is enriched for some modification. I've not seen an absolute method, which is unsurprising given that it'd be difficult to accomplish (you'd have to come up with a good way to target a region of interest after cross-linking, after which you could probably use mass spec. to get good quantification, as any other method would depend on equal efficiency of IP/fluorescence/etc., which would be a questionable assumption).
What's the end goal here? That's probably the better place to start.
The data is from the paper I linked above. I am a applied math student who is working with Hidden Markov Models. I am trying to apply the methods of Ernst and Kellis on this dataset. They split up the genome in 200bp and without a priori information, they assign a state to each of these 200bp regions. The states are later identified as biologically significant areas (promoters, active intergenic and so on).
The reason for this question was to answer some questions about their figure 1. As you can see, they have chip seq data for the marks (noted by different colors for different modifications) and the peaks are shown. Then they binarize the data (ie the black bars) to show whether each 200bp region exhibits that mark or not. The threshold for whether a region displays that mark is based on the number of tags (chip seq reads) in that region combined with a poisson distribution.
So I guess, I understand you now. The chip seq data does give you some sense of enrichment for the modifications. However you can never be 100% certain that all the nucleosomes in that peak area (ie "chr1 4847005 4847705") have the histone modification. You'd have to use some sort of probability function to determine that.
Ah, makes sense now. Yeah, you've got the idea. Making data like this binary works OK for some uses but not others. How well it works will also depend on how good the underlying data is (there are a lot of crappy antibodies out there and those will lead to vastly poorer results if one were to do this).
Well I guess the problem is that I have data that says where the peak is but I don't have the number of reads in that peak region. I guess this could be solved by looking at raw data (or the replicates like you mentioned?).
The data apparently is of really good quality and is the best amongst similar type of data out there.
Anyways, thank you for everything. I voted your answers and accepted the answer.
Devon, sorry to bother you and you've been a great help. I was kinda hoping this notification might lead you to my comment earlier as I am not sure if I got the right understanding. Thanks.
To do fast and memory efficient set and statistical operations on BED files, consider looking into a command-line toolkit like BEDOPS, instead or R or MATLAB.
R, in particular, is not very memory efficient. For example, GenomicRanges, a package used to work with genomic data, suggests iterating over chunks of large input sets in its documentation.
Thank you. I've added it as a custom track but I am confused to what I am looking at. Please see my comment above.
histone modification and DNA methylation in gene regulation ?


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text:
Breakthrough discovered that could revolutionise medicine
by Steve Connor
11th Jul 2013 4:00 PM
SCIENTISTS have created genetically-engineered mice with artificial human chromosomes in every cell of their bodies, as part of a series of studies showing that it may be possible to treat genetic diseases with a radically new form of gene therapy.
In one of the unpublished studies, researchers made a human artificial chromosome in the laboratory from chemical building blocks rather than chipping away at an existing human chromosome, indicating the increasingly powerful technology behind the new field of synthetic biology.
The development comes as the British Government announces today that it will invest tens of millions of pounds in synthetic biology research in Britain, including an international project to construct all the 16 individual chromosomes of the yeast fungus in order to produce the first synthetic organism with a complex genome.
A synthetic yeast with man-made chromosomes could eventually be used as a platform for making new kinds of biological materials, such as antibiotics or vaccines, while human artificial chromosomes could be used to introduce healthy copies of genes into the diseased organs or tissues of people with genetic illnesses, scientists said.
Researchers involved in the synthetic yeast project emphasised at a briefing in London earlier this week that there are no plans to build human chromosomes and create synthetic human cells in the same way as the artificial yeast project.
A project to build human artificial chromosomes is unlikely to win ethical approval in the UK, they said.
However, researchers in the US and Japan are already well advanced in making "mini" human chromosomes called HACs (human artificial chromosomes), by either paring down an existing human chromosome or making them "de novo" in the lab from smaller chemical building blocks.
Natalay Kouprina of the US National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, is part of the team that has successfully produced genetically engineered mice with an extra human artificial chromosome in their cells.
It is the first time such an advanced form of a synthetic human chromosome made "from scratch" has been shown to work in an animal model, Dr Kouprina said.
"The purpose of developing the human artificial chromosome project is to create a shuttle vector for gene delivery into human cells to study gene function in human cells," she told The Independent.
"Potentially it has applications for gene therapy, for correction of gene deficiency in humans. It is known that there are lots of hereditary diseases due to the mutation of certain genes."
Synthetic biology is loosely defined as designing new kinds of life-forms or making new genetic arrangements that do not exist in nature, which could provide practical benefits to society, notably in medicine, manufacturing or environmental monitoring.
At a speech to the Royal Society last November, the Chancellor George Osborne identified synthetic biology as one of eight areas of scientific development that the Government wants British scientists to focus on in the coming years.
"Synthetic biology has huge potential. Indeed it has been said that it will heal us, feed us and fuel us. The UK can be world-leading in this emerging technology," David Willetts, the minister responsible for universities, said.
"Synthetic biology has huge potential for our economy and society in so many areas, from life sciences to agriculture. But to realise this potential we need to ensure researchers and businesses work together."
Dr Kouprina said that human artificial chromosomes are sometimes known as "chromosome 47" because the normal complement of chromosomes in human cells is 46.
One great advantage in gene therapy is that the 47th chromosome does not interfere with the other 46 chromosomes, unlike conventional gene therapy where an extra gene is inserted often at random into the human genome, she said.
"Conventional gene therapy uses vectors such as viruses to insert genes into chromosomes, but this can cause problems which do not happen with human artificial chromosomes because they do not interfere with other parts of the genome," Dr Kouprina said.
"The idea is to take skin cells from a patient, turn them into stem cells and insert HACs into these stem cells with healthy copies of the disease gene. These cells, with the extra chromosome, can then be inserted back into the patient to treat the illness."
She continued: "Clearly there is a long way to go before we can use HACs as vectors for treating genetic disease. However, the potential is there and this is an exciting area for scientific exploration with great potential benefits."
Paul Freemont of Imperial College, one of the leaders of the synthetic yeast project, said that human artificial chromosomes produced by scientists such as Dr Kouprina are much smaller than natural human chromosomes and do not constitute the kind of synthetic chromosome planned for the yeast project.
"There is a big difference between moving bits of chromosomes around, as for gene therapy, and the full and complete chemical synthesis of a human chromosome. Such a project could involve design at a level that is not possible using standard molecular biology techniques," he said.
"As far as I know no one is chemically synthesising a full refactored human chromosome. If we were to propose this at Imperial we would have to get ethical approval."
The project to build 16 artificial yeast chromosomes and insert them into an empty yeast cell would break new ground. It would be the first time a synthetic "eukaryote" organism - with a complex genome composed of chromosomes as opposed to the simple strings of genes in "prokaryote" bacteria - would be constructed in the laboratory.
Yeasts have been used for thousands of years to make bread and beer, Dr Freemont said. "Now we have the opportunity to adapt yeasts further, turning them into predictable and robust hosts for manufacturing the complex products we need for modern living," he said.
The scientists said that they expect the first synthetic yeast to be made with a full complement of 16 artificial chromosomes and 6,000 genes by 2018. The UK will build chromosome number 11, composed of about 700,000 base pairs of DNA.
Synthetic biology: A 60-year revolution
1953: American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick, below, working together in Cambridge, reveal the double helix structure of DNA, with help from Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin of Kings College London. The field of DNA science is born.
1973: Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in the United States create the technique of DNA cloning, allowing genes to be transplanted between different biological species. Using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments and plasmids for cloning DNA strands, the technology of genetic engineering was born.
1982: First transgenic animal - a mouse - is created by transferring the gene from one animal into the fertilised eggs of another. All subsequent generations of the transgenic mouse carried the extra gene.
1983: Biochemist Kary Mullis creates the polymerase chain reaction. This enables scientists to amplify tiny fragments of DNA to almost unlimited quantities. It becomes a valuable technology for gene manipulation.
1983: First genetically modified plant is created, a tobacco plant resistant to an antibiotic. This was to lead to the unleashing of millions of hectares of GM crops from Brazil to China.
1983: Mice with human genes created. These transgenic mice became basis of animal models for human diseases.
2003: Mapping of the human genome completed, giving the full genetic blueprint of some 23,000 genes, the digital recipe for Homo sapiens.
2008: Craig Venter announces first synthetic organism, a bacteria called 'Mycoplasma laboratorium' or "Synthia", controlled by a single, completely synthetic chromosome.
2013: International project announced to produce synthetic yeast cell with 16 man-made chromosomes.
Former Greens leader speaks against anti-vaccinaton group
Family supports Jeans for Genes as baby battles illness
biology diseases genetics medicine research science


RH9 to keep it up to date.
Is snort able to capture packets on ur network?.
If so,is Snort is logging alerts to ur database?
no alerts are found in the database (i.e. a 0 is returned).
or not.You must check this before running ACID.
configuration file to setup Snort-MySQL-ACID Setup.
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).