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Legality of Holocaust denial – Wikipedia
Laws against Holocaust denial
Sixteen European countries and Israel have laws against Holocaust denial, the denial of the systematic genocidal killing of approximately six million Jews in Europe by Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s. Many countries also have broader laws that criminalize genocide denial. Among the countries that ban Holocaust denial, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania also ban other elements associated with Nazism, such as the display of Nazi symbols.
Laws against Holocaust denial have been proposed in many other countries (in addition to those nations that have criminalized such acts) including the United States and the United Kingdom. Such proposed laws have been criticised and faced opposition, most significantly from civil rights and human rights advocates who contend that such laws would violate people's established rights of freedom of speech and freedom of expression. Organizations representing the groups victimized during the Holocaust have generally been split in opinion about such proposed laws.
Some courts in the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom have taken judicial notice that the Holocaust occurred.
Along with genocide denial, attempts to justify genocide are punishable in several countries.
Scholars have pointed out that countries that specifically ban Holocaust denial generally have legal systems that limit speech in other ways, such as banning "hate speech". According to D. D. Guttenplan, this is a split between the "common law countries of the United States, Ireland and many British Commonwealth countries from the civil law countries of continental Europe and Scotland. In civil law countries the law is generally more proscriptive. Also, under the civil law regime, the judge acts more as an inquisitor, gathering and presenting evidence as well as interpreting it".[1] Michael Whine argues that Holocaust denial can inspire violence against Jews; he states, "Jews' experience in the post-World War II era suggests that their rights are best protected in open and tolerant democracies that actively prosecute all forms of racial and religious hatred".[2]
Jnos Kis[3] and in particular Andrs Schiffer[4] feel the work of Holocaust deniers should be protected by a universal right to free speech. An identical argument was used[5] by the Hungarian Constitutional Court (Alkotmnybrsg) led by Lszl Slyom when it struck down a law against Holocaust denial in 1992. The argument that laws punishing Holocaust denial are incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have been rejected by institutions of the Council of Europe (the European Commission of Human Rights,[6] the European Court of Human Rights[7]) and also by the United Nations Human Rights Committee.[8]
Historians who oppose such laws include Raul Hilberg,[9] Richard J. Evans, Pierre Vidal-Naquet, and Timothy Garton Ash.[10] Other prominent opponents include Christopher Hitchens, Peter Singer,[11] and Noam Chomsky,[12] who wrote:
It seems to me something of a scandal that it is even necessary to debate these issues two centuries after Voltaire defended the right of free expression for views he detested. It is a poor service to the memory of the victims of the holocaust to adopt a central doctrine of their murderers.[13]
An uproar resulted when Serge Thion used one of Chomsky's essays without explicit permission as a foreword to a book of Holocaust denial essays (see Faurisson affair).
In January 2019, in an interview in The New Yorker in connection with the publication of her book, Antisemitism: Here and Now, Holocaust historian Deborah E. Lipstadt expressed her opposition to laws against expressing Holocaust denial:
I still am a firm opponent of laws against Holocaust denial. First of all, I'm a pretty fierce advocate of the First Amendment. Having been sued for libel, and having had that in my life for about six years, I'm more than ever. Even though libel is not covered by the First Amendment, [David Irving] wouldn't have been able to sue me in this country because he was a public figure.
But I also don't think that these laws are efficacious. Forget the morality I don't think they work. I think they turn whatever is being outlawed into forbidden fruit. We saw it in Germany, when Mein Kampf was released from the embargo on it a few years ago. People bought it because suddenly it was something they could get ahold of. I just don't think these laws work. And the third reason I'm opposed to them is I don't want politicians making a decision on what can and cannot be said. That scares me enormously.[14]
These laws have also been criticized on the grounds that education is more effective than legislation at combating Holocaust denial and that the laws will make martyrs out of those imprisoned for their violation.[15]
While Australia lacks a specific law against Holocaust denial, Holocaust denial is prosecuted in Australia under various laws against "hate speech" and "racial vilification".[16][17] Fredrick Tben was found guilty at Australia's Federal Court of contempt in 2009 for not following a court order in 2002 to desist from publishing anti-semitic material on his Adelaide Institute website. The material queried whether the Holocaust happened, as well as the presence of gas chambers at the Auschwitz death camps.[18]
In Austria, the Verbotsgesetz 1947 provided the legal framework for the process of denazification in Austria and suppression of any potential revival of Nazism. In 1992, it was amended to prohibit the denial or gross minimisation of the Holocaust.
National Socialism Prohibition Law (1947, amendments of 1992)
3g. He who operates in a manner characterized other than that in 3a 3f will be punished (revitalising of the NSDAP or identification with), with imprisonment from one to up to ten years, and in cases of particularly dangerous suspects or activity, be punished with up to twenty years' imprisonment.[19]
3h. As an amendment to 3 g., whoever denies, grossly plays down, approves or tries to excuse the National Socialist genocide or other National Socialist crimes against humanity in a print publication, in broadcast or other media.[20]
In Belgium, Holocaust denial was made illegal in 1995.
Negationism Law (1995, amendments of 1999)
Article 1 Whoever, in the circumstances given in article 444 of the Penal Code denies, grossly minimises, attempts to justify, or approves the genocide committed by the German National Socialist Regime during the Second World War shall be punished by a prison sentence of eight days to one year, and by a fine of twenty six francs to five thousand francs. For the application of the previous paragraph, the term genocide is meant in the sense of article 2 of the International Treaty of 9 December 1948 on preventing and combating genocide. In the event of repetitions, the guilty party may in addition have his civic rights suspended in accordance with article 33 of the Penal Code.
Art.2 In the event of a conviction on account of a violation under this Act, it may be ordered that the judgement, in its entity or an excerpt of it, is published in one of more newspapers, and is displayed, to the charge of the guilty party.
Art.3. Chapter VII of the First Book of the Penal Code and Article 85 of the same Code are also applicable to this Act.
Art. 4. The Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism, as well as any association that at the time of the facts had a legal personality for at least five years, and which, on the grounds of its statutes, has the objective of defending moral interests and the honour of the resistance or the deported, may act in law in all legal disputes arising from the application of this Act.[21]
In May 2007 Ekrem Ajanovic, a Bosniak MP in the Bosnian Parliament proposed a legislation on criminalizing the denial of Holocaust, genocide and crimes against humanity. This was the first time that somebody in Bosnia and Herzegovina's Parliament proposed such a legislation. Bosnian Serb MPs voted against this legislation and proposed that such an issue should be resolved within the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[22] Following this, on 6 May 2009 Bosniak MPs Adem Huskic, Ekrem Ajanovic and Remzija Kadric proposed to the BH parliament a change to the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina where Holocaust, genocide and crimes against humanity denial would be criminalized.[23] Bosnian Serb MPs have repeatedly been against such a legislation claiming that the law "would cause disagreement and even animosity" according to SNSD member Lazar Prodanovic.[24]
On 23 July 2021, the High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina Valentin Inzko passed a law using the Bonn Powers given to him banning the denial of Genocides, Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes.[25]
In the Czech Republic, Holocaust denial and denial of communist-perpetrated atrocities is illegal.
Law Against Support and Dissemination of Movements Oppressing Human Rights and Freedoms (2001)
405 Anyone who publicly denies, disputes, approves or attempts to justify a Nazi, Communist or other genocide or Nazi, Communist or other crimes against humanity or war crimes or crimes against peace will be punished by imprisonment for six months to three years.[26]
In France, the Gayssot Act, voted for on July 13, 1990, makes it illegal to question the existence of crimes that fall in the category of crimes against humanity as defined in the London Charter of 1945, on the basis of which Nazi leaders were convicted by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg in 194546. When the act was challenged by Robert Faurisson, the Human Rights Committee upheld it as a necessary means to counter possible antisemitism.[27] Similarly, the applications of Pierre Marais and Roger Garaudy were rejected by the European Court of Human Rights, in 1996 and 2003.[28]
In 2012, the Constitutional Council of France ruled that to extend the Gayssot Act to the Armenian genocide denial was unconstitutional because it violated the freedom of speech.[29][30] The Gayssot Act itself, however, was found consistent with the Constitution four years later.[31]
LAW No 90-615 to repress acts of racism, anti-semitism and xenophobia (1990)
MODIFICATIONS OF THE LAW OF JULY 29, 1881 ON THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESSArt 8. Article 24 of the Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 is supplemented by the following provisions:In the event of judgment for one of the facts envisaged by the preceding subparagraph, the court will be able moreover to order:Except when the responsibility for the author of the infringement is retained on the base for article 42 and the first subparagraph for article 43 for this law or the first three subparagraphs for article 93-3 for the law No 82-652 for July 29, 1982 on the audio-visual communication, the deprivation of the rights enumerated to the 2o and 3o of article 42 of the penal code for imprisonment of five years maximum;
Art 9. As an amendment to Article 24 of the law of July 29, 1881 on the freedom of the press, article 24 (a) is written as follows:
Art. 24 (a). [] those who have disputed the existence of one or more crimes against humanity such as they are defined by Article 6 of the statute of the international tribunal military annexed in the agreement of London of August 8, 1945 and which were carried out either by the members of an organization declared criminal pursuant to Article 9 of the aforementioned statute, or by a person found guilty such crimes by a French or international jurisdiction shall be punished by one month to one year's imprisonment or a fine.
Art 13. It is inserted, after article 48-1 of the law of July 29, 1881 on the freedom of the press, article 48-2 thus written:
Art. 48-2. [] publication or publicly expressed opinion encouraging those to whom it is addressed to pass a favourable moral judgment on one or more crimes against humanity and tending to justify these crimes (including collaboration) or vindicate their perpetrators shall be punished by one to five years' imprisonment or a fine.[32]
In Germany, Volksverhetzung ("incitement of the people")[33][34] is a concept in German criminal law that bans incitement to hatred against segments of the population. It often applies to (though not limited to) trials relating to Holocaust denial in Germany. In addition, Strafgesetzbuch 86a outlaws various symbols of "unconstitutional organisations", such as Nazi symbolism or the ISIL flag.
130 Incitement to hatred (1985, Revised 1992, 2002, 2005, 2015)[35][36]
(1) Whosoever, in a manner capable of disturbing the public peace:
shall be liable to imprisonment from three months to five years.[35][36]
(3) Whosoever publicly or in a meeting approves of, denies or downplays an act committed under the rule of National Socialism of the kind indicated in section 6 (1) of the Code of International Criminal Law, in a manner capable of disturbing the public peace shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding five years or a fine.[35][36]
(4) Whoever publicly or in a meeting disturbs the public peace in a manner which violates the dignity of the victims by approving of, glorifying or justifying National Socialist tyranny and arbitrary rule incurs a penalty of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or a fine.[35][36]
The definition of section 6 of the Code of Crimes against International Law referenced in the above 130 is as follows:
6 Genocide
(1) Whoever with the intent of destroying as such, in whole or in part, a national, racial, religious or ethnic group:
The following sections of the German criminal code are also relevant:
189 Disparagement of the Memory of Deceased Persons (1985, amendments of 1992)Whoever disparages the memory of a deceased person shall be punished with imprisonment for not more than two years or a fine.[38]
194 Application for Criminal Prosecution
(1) An insult shall be prosecuted only upon complaint. If the act was committed through dissemination of writings (Section 11 subsection (3)) or making them publicly accessible in a meeting or through a presentation by radio, then a complaint is not required if the aggrieved party was persecuted as a member of a group under the National Socialist or another rule by force and decree, this group is a part of the population and the insult is connected with this persecution. The act may not, however, be prosecuted ex officio if the aggrieved party objects. When the aggrieved party deceases, the rights of complaint and of objection devolve on the relatives indicated in Section 77 subsection (2). The objection may not be withdrawn.
(2) If the memory of a deceased person has been disparaged, then the relatives indicated in Section 77 subsection (2), are entitled to file a complaint. If the act was committed through dissemination of writings (Section 11 subsection (3)) or making them publicly accessible in a meeting or through a presentation by radio, then a complaint is not required if the deceased person lost his life as a victim of the National Socialist or another rule by force and decree and the disparagement is connected therewith. The act may not, however, be prosecuted ex officio if a person entitled to file a complaint objects. The objection may not be withdrawn. [][39]
The German Federal Supreme Court has, in at least one case, taken judicial notice that the Holocaust occurred.[40]
In September 2014, with a vote of 54 out of 99 present of the 300-member Hellenic Parliament (the body was in summer session at the time), Greece amended its 1979 law 'On the penalization of actions or activities intending unto racial discrimination' (N.927/1979) to make malicious denial of the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity for the purposes of inciting violence, discrimination or hatred or by way of threat or insult, a criminal offense.[41] In contrast to other European countries, the Greek law is not a blanket ban on expressing the opinion that a genocide did not take place, but rather requires an additional condition of intending to cause violence, incite hatred or threaten or insult a protected group.
LAW 927/1979 (as amended by Law 4285/2014)
Article 1 Public incitement of violence or hatred
1. Whoever intentionally, publicly, verbally or in print, over the internet or through any other medium or means, incites, causes, arouses or solicits acts or activities which are capable of causing discrimination, hatred or violence against a person or group of persons, who are identified on the bases of race, colour, religion, genealogical background, national or ethnic origins, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability, in a way that endangers public order or poses a threat to the life, liberty or bodily integrity of such persons, shall be imprisoned for between three (3) months and (3) years and fined between five and twenty thousand (5.000 - 20.000) euros.
Article 2 Public approval or denial or crimes
1. Whoever intentionally, publicly, verbally or in print, over the internet or through any other medium or means, approves, ridicules or maliciously denies the existence or seriousness of crimes of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, the Holocaust and other crimes of Nazism which have been recognised by decisions of international courts or the Hellenic Parliament and this behaviour is targeted against a group of people, or member thereof, which is identified on the basis of race, colour, religion, genealogical background, national or ethnic origins, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability, when this behaviour is expressed in a way that is capable of inciting violence or hatred or is of a threatening or insulting character against such a group or a member thereof, is subject to the penalties of paragraph 1 of the previous article.[42]
This law was harshly criticised at the time of its passage for its vague language and alleged infringement of freedom of expression. In a letter signed by 139 Greek historians, they argued that "as international experience has shown, such provisions lead down dangerous paths: they critically wound the democratic and inalienable right to freedom of speech, while simultaneously not being at all effective in terms of fighting racism and nazism. Indeed, they often lead to the opposite result, allowing the enemies of democracy to present themselves to public opinion as "victims" of censorship and authoritarianism. The conditions set forth in the bill, being highly vague and fluid, are unfortunately not a guarantee."[43]
The first prosecution under Article 2 of the law was brought against German historian Heinz A. Richter, who was tried in absentia for denying Nazi atrocities in Crete during World War II. The court found Richter not guilty on the grounds that, while his work was proven to contain historical inaccuracies, there was no evidence he intended to incite hatred against the people of Crete [44] and that the 2014 law was unconstitutional, as it violated the principle of freedom of speech.[45] Though the finding of unconstitutionality is not finally binding, as it was issued by a court of first instance, as of March 2018, no one has been successfully convicted in Greece for genocide denial under this law.[46]
The National Assembly of Hungary declared the denial or trivialization of the Holocaust a crime punishable by up to three years' imprisonment on February 23, 2010.[47] The law was signed by President Lszl Slyom in March 2010.[48] On June 8, 2010, the newly elected Fidesz-dominated parliament changed the formulation of the law to "punish those, who deny the genocides committed by national socialist or communist systems, or deny other facts of deeds against humanity".[49]
In 2011, the first man was charged with Holocaust denial in Budapest. The Court sentenced the man to 18 months in prison, suspended for three years, and probation. He also had to visit either Budapest's memorial museum, Auschwitz or Yad Vashem in Jerusalem. He chose his local Holocaust Memorial Center and had to make three visits in total and record his observations.[50]
In January 2015, the court ordered far-right on-line newspaper Kuruc.info to delete its article denying the Holocaust published in July 2013, which was the first ruling in Hungary of its kind.[51] The Association for Civil Liberties (TASZ) offered free legal aid to the website as a protest against restrictions on freedom of speech,[52] but the site refused citing the liberal views of the association, and also refused to delete the article.[53]
In Israel, a law to criminalize Holocaust denial was passed by the Knesset on July 8, 1986.
Denial of Holocaust (Prohibition) Law, 5746-1986
Definitions 1. In this Law, "crime against the Jewish people" and "crime against humanity" have the same respective meanings as in the "Nazis and Nazi Collaborators Law", 5710-1950.
Prohibition of Denial of Holocaust 2. A person who, in writing or by word of mouth, publishes any statement denying or diminishing the proportions of acts committed in the period of the Nazi regime, which are crimes against the Jewish people or crimes against humanity, with intent to defend the perpetrators of those acts or to express sympathy or identification with them, shall be liable to imprisonment for a term of five years.
Prohibition of publication of expression for sympathy for Nazi crimes 3. A person who, in writing or by word of mouth, publishes any statement expressing praise or sympathy for or identification with acts done in the period of the Nazi regime, which are crimes against the Jewish people or crimes against humanity, shall be liable to imprisonment for a term of five years.
Permitted publication 4. The publication of a correct and fair report of a publication prohibited by this Law shall not be regarded as an offence thereunder so long as it is not made with intent to express sympathy or identification with the perpetrators of crimes against the Jewish people or against humanity.
Filing of charge 5. An indictment for offences under this Law shall only be filed by or with the consent of the Attorney-General.[54]
The Italian parliament, extending an anti-racism law from 1975, approved Law 16 June 2016 n. 115, criminalizing the spreading of Holocaust denial and making conviction for the crime subject to imprisonment for two to six years.[55][56]
Although not specifically outlining national socialist crimes, item five of section 283 of Liechtenstein's criminal code prohibits the denial of genocide.
283 Race discriminationWhoever publicly denies, coarsely trivialises, or tries to justify genocide or other crimes against humanity via word, writing, pictures, electronically transmitted signs, gestures, violent acts or by other means shall be punished with imprisonment for up to two years.[57]
In Lithuania, approval and denial of Nazi or Soviet crimes is prohibited.
170(2) Publicly condoning international crimes, crimes of the USSR or Nazi Germany against the Republic of Lithuania and her inhabitants, denial or belittling of such crimes.[58]
In Luxembourg, Article 457-3 of the Criminal Code, Act of 19 July 1997 outlaws Holocaust denial and denial of other genocides.[59] The punishment is imprisonment for between 8 days and 6 months and/or a fine.[59] The offence of "negationism and revisionism" applies to:
...anyone who has contested, minimised, justified or denied the existence of war crimes or crimes against humanity as defined in the statutes of the International Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945 or the existence of a genocide as defined by the Act of 8 August 1985. A complaint must be lodged by the person against whom the offence was committed (victim or association) in order for proceedings to be brought, Article 450 of the Criminal Code, Act of 19 July 1997.[59]
While Holocaust denial is not explicitly illegal in the Netherlands, the courts consider it a form of spreading hatred and therefore an offence.[60] According to the Dutch public prosecution office, offensive remarks are only punishable by Dutch law if they equate to discrimination against a particular group.[61] The relevant laws of the Dutch penal code are as follows:
Article 137c
Article 137d
In Poland, Holocaust denial and the denial of communist crimes is punishable by law.
Act of 18 December 1998 on the Institute of National Remembrance Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (Dz.U. 1998 nr 155 poz. 1016)
Article 55He who publicly and contrary to facts contradicts the crimes mentioned in Article 1, clause 1 shall be subject to a fine or a penalty of deprivation of liberty of up to three years. The judgment shall be made publicly known.
Article 1This Act shall govern:1. the registration, collection, access, management and use of the documents of the organs of state security created and collected between 22 July 1944 and 31 December 1989, and the documents of the organs of security of the Third Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning:
2. the rules of procedure as regards the prosecution of crimes specified in point 1 letter a),3. the protection of the personal data of grieved parties, and
4. the conduct of activities as regards public education.[64]
Although denial of the Holocaust is not expressly illegal in Portugal, Portuguese law prohibits denial of war crimes if used to incite to discrimination.
Article 240: Racial, religious, or sexual discrimination
2 Whoever in a public meeting, in writing intended for dissemination, or by any means of mass media or computer system whose purpose is to disseminate:
with intent to incite to racial, religious or sexual discrimination or to encourage it, shall be punished with imprisonment from six months to five years.[65]
In Romania, Emergency Ordinance No. 31 of March 13, 2002 prohibits Holocaust denial. It was ratified on May 6, 2006. The law also prohibits racist, fascist, xenophobic symbols, uniforms and gestures: proliferation of which is punishable with imprisonment from between six months to five years.
Emergency Ordinance No. 31 of March 13, 2002
Article 3. (1) Establishing a fascist, racist or xenophobic organisation is punishable by imprisonment from 5 to 15 years and the loss of certain rights.
Article 4. (1) The dissemination, sale or manufacture of symbols either fascist, racist or xenophobic, and possession of such symbols is punished with imprisonment from 6 months to 5 years and the loss of certain rights.
Read the original here:
Legality of Holocaust denial - Wikipedia
'Rolling Thunder' organizer pledges peaceful demonstration but won't speak to controversial guest - CTV News Ottawa - April 27th, 2022
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Anger is a spur of the moment and emotionally impulsive reaction which all of us experience at some time or the other. This post is meant for all who have been the source or victims of anger at various times and situations at the workplace and shows you 5 practical ways to proactively take charge of our temper.
It is always easy to use high-sounding words like Anger Management, stress filled life, angry exchanges and similar expressions.
But before we talk about Anger Management, we need to know what anger is all about. One way of finding how anger affects our daily life is to look at instances of anger that are always situation-centric.
When someone breaks his/her promise with any lame excuse.
When someone comes late or does not come at all after a committed appointment.
A high performance executive selected to make a presentation to top management absent with no notice resulting in loss of face and reputation.
When someone takes credit for your work.
If I am working and someone talking me continuously and waste my time.
When an employee resigning abruptly within a few weeks of joining causing a major setback to execution of plans.
The different instances of anger in the work place that I have highlighted above show that expression of anger as an impulsive emotion is situation-centric.
This post looks at anger in the work place and what you can do to control your temper and help create a happier and more productive work place for all employees.
You, who has taken the time and effort to search for and access this how-to guide on controlling temper in the work place, would readily agree that all of us are equally guilty of losing our temper at different times.
Anger as impulsive emotion takes place on a person to person level whether at the work place or in any other social setting. In line with the explosive nature of this emotion, we need to look at a practical definition of anger.
Why a practical definition of anger?
The definition needs to be practical because we need to understand why instances of anger are becoming frequent.
Likewise, in a corporate setting and on a personal level also, we need to know why we tend to "blow our top" or lose our temper over situations that we would otherwise handle in a cool and level headed manner.
To my mind, one practical definition of anger could be, "Impulsive and negative reaction to people, situations and incidents that are perceived to have hurt us".
In practice, the display of anger may manifest itself physically (including violence that may lead to physical harm), vocally (abusing/using bad language, shouting, screaming or yelling) or in some cases, mental harassment (sending verbal or text messages or images leading to extreme anguish or traumatic experience) in order to hit back at the perceived source of anger.
Anger is an uncontrolled, negative reaction or response to incidents, situations or people around us. This reaction indicates that some situation or incident has taken place that is a trigger to the angry response.
Impulsive nature of anger indicates that anger is a spur-of-the-moment reaction.
Perceived brings in the personalized nature of anger which may be right or wrong. In other words, a situation or incident that causes one person to get angry may not cause anger in another person.
This definition of anger has helped me to show you five practical ways that can help all of us to control our temper and improve the comfort and feel good factor of our workplace experience.
The tips I have shown can help you to channelize & productively harness negative emotions to your advantage.
The right time to stay cool is exactly when tempers are red-hot and your colleagues are involved in a "shouting match". You may be as much responsible for the football of angry emotions.
All the same, you, as one of the active players in the shouting match, could decide to take control of the situation.
By adopting a more reasonable approach and persuading others in your team to do likewise, you could be successful in deflating the angry impulsive balloon of anger.
This way you ensure that you get a firm handle on the situation. The watchword for you and your colleagues is "Stay Cool".
As part of your daily workplace interactions you could face situations that may lead outbursts of temper. There could be tension between some employees involving you also.
It is exactly in such situations that you need to hold back your words which may not be easy but which you need to do to ensure that the situation does not go beyond control.
Resist the temptation to instantly speak out your mind and to react to situations and incidents on the spur of the moment.
Give yourself that valuable and much needed pause. Much to your own surprise, you may find that the tense moment of angry exchanges may be gradually peaking out.
As a result of your initiative to think before you speak, the active participants in the "shouting match" may be willing to discuss matters in a more receptive frame of mind.
The triggers are in practice the way you and your colleagues react to day to day situations and incidents involving their workplace. The triggers may lie within you or in your colleagues around you.
If one of your colleagues or your boss is rude and loses his/her temper then it is best for you to minimize your interactions with them.
In some cases, the triggers may in fact, lie outside the work place such as reaching office late due to traffic jams leading you to lose valuable time to give a head start to your work.
One trigger for nasty tempers could even be the layout of the collective workplace. In short, review and list out triggers causing tempers to flare up at work.
You could share the list with your colleagues to ensure that they are also equally aware of the triggers and are better prepared to take pre-emptive as well as preventive steps to at least avoid, if not eliminate tempers from flaring up.
Start looking for solutions to the problem that may have lead to the situation causing tempers to flare up in the first place.
Many times angry responses happen because, without realizing it, we are focused only on the problem that caused angry exchanges and "hot words" between persons involved in the verbal fistfight.
The outcome is that tempers continue to flare up as the problem that caused the angry response is not resolved. The problem may be in the interactions between your colleagues, in the work processes /work flows or could even be external to the work place.
Hold an informal meeting to understand the problem, in fact, if there is a problem at all, as it could be a case of misunderstanding or wrong interpretation of instructions.
Adopting a problem solving approach could help you and your colleagues to be in charge of situations and incidents likely to lead to angry exchanges.
As soon as you notice angry exchanges involving you really flaring up, just leave the place and physically disconnect your presence.
Leave your workplace for a few minutes, call a friend or do some deep breathing to get a handle on the situation that has the potential to be explosive and go out of control.
A more personalized approach would be to look yourself in the mirror with anger written all over your face. Is that the kind of face you want to project about yourself?
If the answer is: Absolutely NO, then release the tension ASAP and your face will also reflect the relaxed look.
I want this post to be a practical how-to guide to manage your anger. Through this post I want to highlight the destructive nature of anger and how anger has the potential to destroy your personal, family, social and professional life, if we do not take timely steps to manage anger NOW.
I want to bring Anger Management into the public domain where it should rightly belong because anger is public expression of impulsive emotion with highly negative consequences directed outwards at other people or at situations.
If you have noticed anyone who gets angry quickly or who is a victim of such anger then I want you to forward this post to your family members, friends, colleagues and business associates to control his anger.
Take the initiative to spread the word that managing anger is everyone's priority number one mainly because of the destructive nature of this highly negative emotion.
You will be doing a much needed service to them because, it seems to me that until now, articles, research studies and similar coverage about anger and anger management are mostly restricted to professional journals , websites and academic sources.
After this post, that will not be the case anymore.
I want this post to attract more and more eyeballs and hits in the larger interest of my readers. Reading this post means that more people want to be in charge of their emotions and not allow the destructive power of anger to rule and ruin their lives.
Thanks for the post and will make sure to work with it.
Thank you for a very practical approach in analysing and providing solutions for anger management.


Know a guy that worked with John. He said he could drive a car and tell you WHICH tire was low, and by how much! Said he was a heck of a driver, and a super-smooth talker, but not much of a businessman. He'd have guys come into the shop wanting to kill him, and then by the time they left, he'd have sold them something!
That was a big deal when they started racing on street radials!
I remember that one. You had a LOT of work in that body!!
Was that an Eckler's body package? I know they made a LOT of those body parts. In fact, I think that's what started the business. Those and the LeMans headlights for these cars.
Very cool car. How was it getting in and out of it with those extra barbs in the door jamb?
This is what it looked like when I 1st did it..Gold laquer with about 6 coats of clear laquer. Won the Autorama Modified Sports Car class '78 I think. Corvette guys hated the car. It was wrecked in front and back when I bought it. 427 390hp, 4 sp, AC, Tilt wheel, power windows, am/fm. originaly red. Getting in out was not a problem at all.
Nice mix on the wheels too. They match nicely with the body mods.
I had to do it myself. Couldn't afford it any other way.


text:
Q: General Criteria for the Existence or Non-existence of Solutions to a PDE What are the conditions[General Criteria] for the existence or non existence of the solutions to a PDE[Elliptic type] subject to given boundary conditions?
A specific Example:
Let's consider the reduced wave equation:
$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}=-k^2u$$
In the simplest case if u vanishes on the square:$x=0,x=a,y=0,y=a$ the solution is:
$$u=\sin\frac{m\pi x}{a}\sin\frac{n\pi\ y}{a}$$
where,
$k^2=(m^2+n^2)\pi^2/a^2$.
Can we use this result to solve:
$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}=f(u)$$
One may to expand f(u) in terms of the eigenfunctions of the operator:
$$\frac{\partial^2 }{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 }{\partial y^2}$$
How should one go about the job if the boundary conditions on the same square are changed to a different continuous and differentiable functions of the type:
Example:
For x=0 $u=f_1(x,y)$
For x=a $u=f_2(x,y)$
For y=0 $u=f_3(x,y)$
For x=a $u=f_4(x,y)$

A: The answer to the general question you asked

What are the conditions[General Criteria] for the existence or non existence of the solutions to a PDE[Elliptic type] subject to given boundary conditions?

Is "there are none". To be a bit more verbose: the answer is that "it depends on what form of equation" you are allowed to consider and "what you admit as solutions".
Let me give one extremely general example. Consider the family of partial differential equations $F(\partial^2 u) = 0$, where $F$ is some smooth function defined on the space of $N\times N$ matrices. The equation is said to be elliptic if $\frac{\partial}{\partial X_{ij}} F(X_{ij})$ is elliptic (as a matrix, evaluated at all $X$). For these equations,

*

*In dimension $N = 2$, Nirenberg showed that the Dirichlet problem admits classical solutions.

*In arbitrary dimensions, viscosity solutions exist (using the Perron method).

*If $F$ is convex, viscosity solutions are in fact classical (Krylov-Evans regularity).

*If $F$ is not convex, there can be cases where a viscosity solution exists but is not classical, which by the uniqueness properties of viscosity solutions, imply that such equations do not admit classical solutions.

If you restrict to only quasilinear instead of fully nonlinear equations, there are a wealth of existence results for the Dirichlet problem. In fact, in section 15.5 of their book, Gilbarg and Trudinger wrote that

It is not feasible to present here a comprehensive account of existence theorems for the classical Dirichlet problem that follow by combination of the results of Chapters 10, 13, 14, and 15.

... and they proceed to list 10 different existence theorems applicable in different contexts. What's important to note, however, is that there is a fairly strong non-existence theorem that applies even in the case of the semilinear problem. I will state here a special case
Theorem (c.f. Theorem 14.11 in Gilbarg-Trudinger) Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded domain such that the largest ball contained in $\Omega$ has radius $R$, and consider the Dirichlet problem for
$$ \triangle u(x) + b(x,u, \nabla u) = 0~. $$
If we assume that there is a positive constant $\theta$ such that for every $p\in \mathbb{R}^n$, $z \in \mathbb{R}$, and $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$ you have that
$$ |b(x,z,p)| \geq \frac{n |p|}{R} + |p|^{2+\theta} $$
then one can find a smooth boundary data $\phi$ for which the Dirichlet problem does not admit a solution.
Note, however, that this theorem does not apply to your special case, since your $f(u)$ does not depend on the first derivative.

Now, to address your specific problem: you outlined an approach that requires expanding $u$ in terms of the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian. This is roughly equivalent to taking the Fourier transform of the problem, and so you see that to directly apply the solutions to the reduced wave equation you need that $f(u)$ to be linear ($f(au+bv) = af(u) + bf(v)$), which puts strong restrictions on $f$.
Now, for a semilinear problem, one can always convert a problem with nonzero boundary condition to one with zero boundary conditions: say you want to solve
$$ \triangle u = f(x,u) $$
with boundary condition $\phi$. First solve the homogeneous problem $\triangle w = 0$ with boundary condition $\phi$. Then write the ansatz that $u = v + w$ where $v$ vanishes on the boundary. Then $v$ solves
$$ \triangle v = \tilde{f}(x,v) := f(x,v+w) $$
In general, however, for a problem like the one you proposed $\triangle u = f(u)$, you are often better off demonstrating existence of a solution using a variational method (if possible) or a fixed-point/iteration method. (If you are really lucky you can use Perron method, but for general nonlinearities $f(u)$ the comparison results for super and sub solutions may not be available.)

A: In Response to the Specific problem in the Question:
On the evaluation of particular Integrals:
$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}=f(u)$$
We look for a particular soln: dependent on x only:$u=u(x)$
It represents a 2D surface whose gradient changes only along the x-direction but not along the y-direction.
We solve the ODE:
$$\frac{d^2 u}{dx^2}=f(u)$$
$$<=>pdp=f(u)du$$
Where $p=\frac{du}{dx}$
In several cases we may obtain an analytical soln for:
$$\int f(u)du$$
This particular integral may contain arbitrary constants which we may use to our best advantage in catering to some given boundary condition.
Similarly,we may start off with a solution of the form
$$u=u(y)$$
To obtain another class of particular solutions.
The functions u=u(x) provide 2D surfaces with slope changing in the x-direction while v=v(y) provide surfaces with slope changing in the y-direction. These surfaces will be criss-crossing each other. We may consider infinitesimally small surfaces of the two types and sew them into a smooth, continuous curved surface which has gradient changing both in the x and the y directions at different points
PDE:$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}=\cot(u)$$
 Trial Soln: $u=2x^5+3y^7+\lambda x^2$ -------------(1).
Using this relation in the PDE we have $40x^3 +126y^5 +2λ=cot(u)$ -------(2).
But (1) and (2) represent different surfaces. The PDE is valid on the first surface at the intersection of the two surfaces for an arbitrary λ . But we have our handle on λ . We may change it by infinitesimal amounts to generate a solution surface.We may use arbitrary trial solutions of the type:$$u=Af_1(x)+Bf_2(y)+\lambda x^2$$.
The constants A and B are to be used for fitting in boundary conditions while $\lambda$ is to be used for generating infinitesimal surface strips.
We again consider the PDE with f(u)=cotu.
PDE:$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}=cot(u)$.
Soln: $\int_a ^u \frac {dt}{\sqrt{ln\mid K\sin(t)\mid}}=Ax+By+C$----(1),
where $A^2+B^2=2$.
By differentiating (1) we have,
$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=A\sqrt{ln\mid K\sin(u) \mid}$
$\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}=B\sqrt{ln\mid K\sin(u) \mid}$
$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}=(A^2/2) \cot(u)$
$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}=(B^2/2) \cot(u)$
The solution indicated by relation (1) indeed satisfies the PDE.

A: Let's solve the PDE:$$\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+ \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}=\cot (u)$$  ------------(1)
Subject to the constraint :$$(\frac{\partial u}{\partial x})^2+(\frac{\partial u}{\partial y})^2=1$$ ----------------- (2)
We write PDE (1) as: $$\frac{\partial^2 [(u+F(u))-F(u)]}{\partial x^2}+ \frac{\partial^2 [(u+F(u))-F(u)]}{\partial y^2}=\cot (u)$$ ----------- (3)
PDE (3) may be represented as the following two equations:
$$\frac{\partial^2 (u+F(u))}{\partial x^2}+ \frac{\partial^2 (u+F(u))}{\partial y^2}=0$$--------- (4)
And
$$\frac{\partial^2 F(u)}{\partial x^2}+ \frac{\partial^2 F(u)}{\partial y^2}=-\cot (u)$$--------------- (5)
Now,
$$\frac{\partial F(u)}{\partial x}=\frac{dF}{du} \frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$$
$$\frac{\partial^2 F(u)}{\partial x^2}=\frac {d^2 F}{du^2} (\frac {\partial u}{\partial x})^2+\frac{dF}{du}\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}$$
And
$$\frac{\partial F(u)}{\partial y}=\frac{dF}{du} \frac{\partial u}{\partial y}$$
$$\frac{\partial^2 F(u)}{\partial y^2}=\frac {d^2 F}{du^2} (\frac {\partial u}{\partial y})^2+\frac{dF}{du}\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}$$
PDE (5) may be written as:
$$\frac {d^2 F}{du^2} [(\frac {\partial u}{\partial x})^2+(\frac {\partial u}{\partial y})^2]+\frac{dF}{du}[\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}]=-\cot(u)$$
Or,
$$\frac {d^2 F}{du^2}\times {1}+\frac{dF}{du}\times \cot(u) =-\cot(u)$$
Or,
$$\frac {d^2 F}{du^2}+\cot(u)\frac{dF}{du} =-\cot(u)$$
The above ODE gives us the form for F to be used in PDE (4) which is Laplace's equation in two dimensions
We obtain: $$ u+F(u)=Soln \;of \;Laplace's\; eqn.\; in \; two \;dimensions$$
[Differentiating the above relation twice wrt to x and y and adding the results we have,
$$F''(u)[(\frac{\partial u}{\partial x})^2+(\frac{\partial u}{\partial y})^2]+F'(u)[\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}]=-[\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}]$$
Again F(u) satisfies relation (5):$$F''(u)+\cot(u)F'(u)=-\cot(u)$$
 PDE's (1) and (2)  getting satisfied simultaneously is one of the options--the simplest one possibly]
In the final step the particular solutions for F and that for Laplace's equation are chosen in a manner such that equation (2) is satisfied.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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What some vendors call refurbished might not match up to what another vendor would call refurbished. Amber USA is well aware of the ambiguity of the term "refurbished." For that reason, Amber USA has devised the following information to make potential buyers aware of the refurbishment process used.
The table is disassembled; the parts are cleaned, repainted, and refinished. The table is then taken to a staging bay to be reassembled. Bearings, cables, and connectors are thoroughly inspected and replaced as required. Once completed, the table is analyzed to follow OEM specifications.
The process is the same for this part of the system. The external parts of the support system are then inspected, cleaned, repainted, and replaced as required. The internal moving parts are thoroughly cleaned and checked for sticking, hang-ups, or grinding. The x-ray console and collimator and also inspected and parts are replaced as required. Once refinished, the components are then sent for reassembling according to OEM specifications.
Similar to the tube and table of the x-ray machine, the process for this portion is also the same, i.e., Disassemble the chest stand, inspect the parts, clean the parts and replace them as required, and refinish the components. One finished, the parts are reassembled as per OEM specifications. However, testing is needed for the DICOM to confirm functionality.
Once the many portions of the x-ray equipment have been thoroughly refurbished, the system is reassembled as a single unit and carefully adjusted and tested as required. For a digital system, there would be specified care taken for testing the detector for bad pixels.
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For medical facilities, when thinking of stepping up the C-Arm game, it is essential to consider the budget. It may seem like pain physicians are making the most use of out an already existing full-sized C-Arm, so other options may have to be considered. With that being said, the first thing that comes to mind is a mini-C-Arm. The compact design provided by C-Arms is a perfect fit for the minimal work needed for the more straightforward issues, such as pain in hands or feet.
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3 x-ray equipment considerations for veterinary practices.
Selecting the right x ray equipment for veterinary practices is much like doing so for human patients. However, it is good to aware of what sets them apart.
For those who may be in the market for medical imaging equipment for veterinary practices, the following is a set of information that practitioners may want to consider as they begin their search. Being aware of the details on the matter would be able to help adjust to the planning required and prevent issues from occurring in the future.
Due to the variety of sizes in patients veterinarians may see, determining the right position of the equipment can be challenging. The positioning of the scan fit for a smaller animal won't exactly be the same with larger animals.
It would be wise to consider putting aside a budget for positioning tools to be used with the equipment.
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For veterinary practices, imaging equipment might require a few additional tools such as positioning tools, etc. which means that the budget plan may be exceeded. Fortunately, by focusing on refurbished systems, medical facilities can now save half the cost, and many companies offer a variety of equipment at flexible prices.
Regardless of the direction a medical office decides to through to purchase their imaging equipment, it is essential to consider the drawbacks and benefits before making a final decision.
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What you need to know about "x-ray in use" lights.
Government regulations generally require that every radiologist exam room have a warning light outside when x-rays exams are being conducted. This safety precaution can help eliminate a lot of unnecessary radiation to anyone who may pass through the area.
With that being said, before implementing an x-ray system into a medical facility, a few questions may come to mind. The following information might be able to help medical practitioners understand a few things about an "x-ray in use" light.
Is it necessary to use an "x-ray in use" light?
The regulations of using these lights may vary from state-to-state. Therefore, the best way to find out what you need to know is to contact your local radiological department to see whether it would be required. However, the lights are recommended for the safety of patients, the practitioner, and passersby.
Who would be responsible for the light?
If the local authorities state that a facility needs to have one, the facility would then be responsible for both having and using the "x-ray in use" light. While these lights are typically connected to the equipment by the provider, complying with the regulation rests in the hands of the facility.
How can I install an "x-ray in use" light?
Installation of these lights is handled by the electrical engineer issued by the equipment provider. In advance to installing the x-ray system, the engineers would have to prepare the space and the medical facility head would have to confirm the needed.
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Over the years, there have been significant changes made during the evolution of MRI systems in particular. The primary goal of these advancements was to ensure patient-friendly services. All the way from noise reduction, to faster scan times, all of the changes that were made was to make sure patients were able to obtain MRI scans like everyone else.
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The benefits of short-bore MRI scanners.
The most significant benefit of these systems is that it enables the body of the patient to be outside the scanner during the MRI scan. This way, patients can be ensured more comfort while reducing nervousness and claustrophobia. Short-bore MRI scanners also require less housing than regular MRI scanners.
The downfalls of short-bore MRI scanners.
While short-bore MRI scanners come with two significant advantages, with a bore length of 145cm, there is a sacrifice made to the field view of the machine when scanning. For facilities that require a complete scan of the body for certain studies, a second scan may be necessary. Going through with a second scan may mean that there would be more time wasted during the process.
Ultimately, what it comes down to is deciding on whether or not these systems are right for your practice based on the circumstances.
If you are in the market for a short-bore MRI scanner or decided to go in another direction, Amber USA has a variety of options to choose from. Additionally, Amber USA will also help you select the best system for your practice. That way your medical facility can be guaranteed optimal outcomes through patient satisfaction and quality results.
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Is it the "End of Life" for your MRI scanner?
The term "End of Life" has become an increasingly common term used for quality but older systems. Since these MRI systems have been around for a longer time when customers are coined with the term "end of life," for their equipment, the question may arise; what exactly does this mean?
The following information is provided to help clarify and alleviate concerns that customers who experience this situation may have.
With relation to MRI scanners, End of Life refers to equipment that has stopped production for over ten years. For MRI systems, End of Life is sometimes used as a tactic by vendors to motivate them to upgrade their current systems to newer models. This is mainly because facilities that still use End of Life equipment may experience difficulties finding parts and may experience discontinued field service.
While this is a cause for concern, there are certain exceptions where some MRI scanners can be maintained well over ten years. In fact, these equipment are the primary focus of secondary dealers. Additionally, ISOs sometimes maintain an extensive inventory of parts and a set of experienced engineers that can expertly offer their support to ensure the system is up and running for another 5 to 10 years.
There may be a list that goes on for high-quality equipment by brands such as GE, Hitachi, or Philips to invest in older equipment. However, not every system has that privilege.
If your equipment has reached its ultimate End of Life service, it may be time to upgrade or replace your equipment. That's where Amber USA steps in.
Amber USA has a long-standing reputation for issuing high-quality used and refurbished equipment at an affordable cost. Amber USA's priority is to ensure patients receive the best outcomes from the provided equipment.
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The pressure in the MRI world has reached its peak. While reimbursements aren't improving, the market still has a high demand for quality images and efficient output. Not just any magnet will suffice, and most insurance companies require MRI machines to be approved with the strict guidelines for image quality. With that comes the pressure. However, fortunately, you may just be able to upgrade your MRI machine's capabilities without having to purchase a new one.
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Under the exterior lies the most crucial component of an MRI machine; that is the magnet used to generate the magnetic field for developing the images. If you are using an older MRI system, many facilities may be able to provide a field upgrade on your platform. This type of upgrade on your machine would be able to maintain the magnet and its cooling system while being able to improve the system in other ways.
Another upgrade process that may be utilized could include applications training. New hardware and software may sometimes be challenging to learn. Therefore applications training would be a great way to understand how to make use of these systems.
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Vendor issued service plan or Third party servicing?
If you've experienced a breakdown in your medical imaging equipment the next step would be to find a solution. During your search, you may come across third-party organizations that offer to service your imaging equipment. However, unfortunately, not all companies are able to provide services to match their claims. While there are a variety of companies that do issue quality services to customers, it is essential to be wary of the reputation of the organization before diving into the services they claim to issue.
Let's say your medical facility requires immediate assistance to fix up your CT scanner. The first thing that comes to mind is an organization that worked on another piece of medical imaging equipment like a C-Arm and offered adequate servicing. So as a customer you purchase their services only to find that they are unable to diagnose the problem of the CT scanner.
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What Happens When A Person Lies On Their Divorce Documents?
Typically during a divorce process, there's a stack of paperwork that requires filling and multiple discussions between attorneys and the court.
When most people consider the term "divorce documents" they assume it's the documents needed to open the case and complete it, a divorce petition, and the final judgment of the case. However, the term goes far beyond merely that interpretation.
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Typically, the phrase "to the best of your knowledge and belief" is added to each of the documents because courts have an understanding of the fact that mistakes are bound to happen. If it is presented that a party to the case has unintentionally made a mistake, the judge is unlikely to hold it against the spouse. However, if the statement or representation is made knowingly, judges have the right to punish the individual with monetary fines or worse.
• The spouse would be guilty of contempt.
• The spouse may influence the judges thinking in a negative way.
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text:
Turpinia occidentalis, the muttonwood, is a species  of tree native to southern Mexico, the Caribbean islands, Central America and northern South America.

References

Staphyleaceae
Trees of Peru

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Matplotlib - Plot content vanishes using plt.yscale('log') I would like to plot errorbars on a y-log scale using matplotlib. My code works fine without a y log scale:
for inference_alg, inference_alg_num_clusters_df in num_clusters_by_dataset_by_inference_alg.items():
    plt.errorbar(inference_alg_num_clusters_df.columns.values,  # concentration parameters
                 inference_alg_num_clusters_df.mean(),
                 yerr=inference_alg_num_clusters_df.sem(),
                 label=inference_alg)
plt.xlabel(r'Concentration Parameter ($\alpha$ or $\lambda$)')
plt.ylabel('Number of Clusters')
plt.gca().set_ylim(bottom=0)
plt.gca().set_xlim(left=0)
plt.legend()
# plt.yscale('log')
# plt.yscale('log', nonposy='clip')
plt.show()

This creates the desired plot successfully:
However, when I try uncommenting either line to convert the yscale to log, I get the following plot:

What is happening, and how can I successfully use plt.errorbar with a semilog y scale?
Edit 1: as a possibly relevant detail, the smallest y value is 2.355 and the largest y value is 65.588. I don't think those are causing any issue with a log transform.


The Oslo firm's state-of-the-art library for North Carolina State University provides students with a variety of spaces for individual and group study, and a robotic retrieval system that delivers books in just four minutes.
For the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Northwestern District headquarters, ZGF Architects erected a striking high-performance and cost-effective structure on a former Seattle brownfield site.
Sean Godsell's Design Hub in Melbourne features a kinetic curtain wall that will be studied for decades to come.
The symbol for infinity is a jumping-off point for McBride Charles Ryan's senior grammar school that brings students together.
What will architecture look like this year? A slew of innovative projects are nearing completion over the coming months. Here are just a few of the envelope-pushing projects on our radar.


As an office with four doctors who are board certified in both pediatrics and internal medicine, we are able to treat patients of all ages.
Monitor physical growth, development, and psychosocial parameters throughout childhood and adulthood.
Teach and provide guidance in parenting skills.
Educate families concerning school problems, management of specific chronic or developmental illness, safety, and family interactions.
Diagnose and manage specific illnesses when necessary utilizing the resources of any hospital where the practicing physician has privileges.
Counsel adolescents in the areas of puberty, sexual identity, family interactions, preventative medicine, and avoidance of substance abuse.
Utilize outside resources for more specialized management of specific illnesses when indicated.
Educate adult patients regarding preventative health care and refer, when appropriate, for ongoing medical care.
As a BCBS Patient-Centered Medical Home, our practice will serve as the home base for your healthcare needs.
Our physicians are knowledgeable and passionate about what they do. Our support staff is caring, compassionate, and highly trained to help you with your care in our office.


Welcome to a new series about Clash Royale, going over the most meta deck of each week! In Clash Royale, the meta is constantly changing and in week 1 of this new series, we are seeing elite barbarians, ice golem, and hog over and over again. So today, I have the seemingly OP EB-hog-IG deck to share with you guys!
First off, let me go ahead and show you guys this current meta deck within Clash Royale. Here's a quick screenshot of what the deck consists of, along with average elixir cost.
With the average elixir cost at 3.3, this deck is very cheap and is fundamentally a hog cycle deck. With cards like the ice golem and ice spirit, you can cycle back to your cards pretty quickly.
Within this meta deck, you have many defensive cards (elite barbs, musketeer, ice spirits, and minions) along with multiple offensive options (hog, ice golem + musketeer/minions, elite barbarians) which makes it versatile and above all deadly. The furnace also provides a steady stream of chip damage along with backup to your big pushes.
The first play of the game is extremely important within Clash Royale. With this deck, as with any deck, the first play could very well decide the fate of this battle. Here's how you should start off a game using this hog-elite barbarians-ice golem deck!
The play I often like the make in any deck, regardless of what the deck consists of, is to play a tanky, 3-5 elixir card in the back behind the king's tower. This way, if your opponent pushes you, you will have some elixir to defend, along with having a full health unit making its way toward his or her side of the map.
In this deck, the card to place would be the musketeer since it fits all the categories. You will have some opportunity to push, but still be able to defend if your opponent decides to push you hard.
Another great starting play to make is to place a spawner (usually the tombstone or furnace) in the middle of your side. This ensures that you begin to have a steady stream of units heading into the other side, along with being able to pull offensive units from a quick starting push.
From this furnace, you can begin to build a huge push with support from splash fire spirits in the back that will easily kill the minion horde or any goblins.
What is a deck without a prime pushing strategy? This elite barbarian-hog rider-ice golem deck DEFINITELY has a best push within it, a push that is supposed to win you the game. The push? Ice golem in front, followed up by a hog behind!
All of these reasons make it a very, very, effective pushing combo. However, combined with the elite barbarians, this push becomes nearly unstoppable.
The elite barbarians should clear a path by clearing any units placed down to counter your push along with providing protection from those units targeting the hog. Secondly, if those elite barbs make it to the tower, the tower will suffer hundreds, if not thousands of hitpoints!
In order for a deck to be successful, you must be able to play good defense! Here are 4 of the most popular offensive combs in Clash Royale right now and how you can defend against them gaining a positive elixir trade.
Best counter for this is just a pure shutdown. To get that shutdown, you've got to drop your EBs on the ice golem first, even though it means the slowing effect. They will then proceed to destroy the hog, with the hog getting at most one shot on your tower.
In recent days, this strategy has really became popular because the mirrored goblin barrel usually can't be killed by zap. To counter this strategy, you need to zap the first barrel and play an ice golem to tank for the second barrel along with the miner.
Solo elite barbs are actually pretty popular, even at around 4,000 trophies. While defending elite barbarians with your own EBs is effective, you can get a positive elixir trade if you play ice golem as a distraction with some minion to do the real damage.
Lastly we have the new lavaloon push which is a total of 12 elixir. Being so much elixir to pull off this strategy, you can afford to counter with a ton of elixir as well. Musketeer and minions, along with a furnace to pull the loon and lava hound can easily defeat this.
That just about sums up all the strategy behind this ice golem-hog-elite barbarians deck. Again, this will be a weekly series on C4D, so check back next week to see what the new meta deck is! Thanks for reading and come back soon for more Clash Royale content!
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Have You Changed Your Recruiting Style?
Hiring top talent requires strategy and precision in today's talent wars. McKinsey estimates that by 2020 there will be a global shortage of approximately 85 million qualified workers.
Workers who develop their skills to keep up with the demands of our emerging high-tech world will be at a premium. At the same time, the hiring process is undergoing a seismic shift as it moves to include AI, automation and transforms into a customer service mindset with trust as the cornerstone.
In our networked, diverse and fast-paced world, the hiring process needs to transition from a recruiting model to a human capital development model. The new model integrates coaching into the process and goes beyond a simple transaction model of placing talent in a position.
Human capital developers build relationships, help to identify high potentials, coach talent and work with companies to develop their leadership pipeline over time.
Utilizing AI to find talent will become a major part of the recruitment process. AI will identify matches based on a summary of all available digital data to create a 360 profile. As AI takes on the heavy lifting, the main role of the recruiter is to develop and maintain relationships with talent. Trust is essential here. In our emerging high-tech world, the value of recruiters lies in their ability to build and maintain relationships through high levels of emotional intelligence and strong interpersonal relationships with their teams and candidates.
Unicorn talent is typically a passive market and companies need to identify potential talent attributes and skills for their vision before hiring to develop a pipeline. Successful hiring requires developing relationships, an excellent understanding of the client requirements and true resonance with the vision, then selectively reaching out to candidates identified as a potential cultural fit. The process requires identifying talent, networking with them on social and establishing trust as well as credibility. It's an opportunity to assess soft skills including the interpersonal skills critical to succeed today.
The talent we work with every day are customers, and we only have to Google to see candidates are rarely treated with that level of respect. The more recruiters can adapt the perspective of providing a servant leader mindset, the more effective they will be in their work. Reviewing the end-to-end customer experience is vital for recruiters and their companies to be successful.
Recruiters need to focus on selective conversion rather than accumulating a ton of resumes. Recruiting, now more than ever, is about understanding candidate and client perspectives in a very genuine way – and that means being extraordinarily great at relationships. Talent needs to feel represented and that recruiters are advocating for their best interests. It's about making one-on-one connections and treating talent as humans on their career journey, rather than a target number to reach a quota.
Talent is charged with developing their own brand to attract opportunities, and so too, recruiters must carefully evaluate their brand. How you show up internally with your hiring manager, your team, the talent you approach and represent and the company you represent speaks volumes about your brand.
With technology as the aid to deliver the best talent to your company; work out how you are going to work on your development to change the way our industry is talked about.