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Brandon T. Perry
October 23, 1994 July 30, 2013
There are condolences waiting approval on Brandon's Tribute wall
Celebrating the life of Brandon T. Perry
Be the first to share your favorite memory, photo or story of Brandon. This memorial page is dedicated for family, friends and future generations to celebrate the life of their loved one.
Obituary for Brandon T. Perry
Brandon Thomas Perry, age 18 of Milford, died on July 30, 2013.
Brandon grew up in Milford where he enjoyed electronics, a wide circle of friends, outdoor recreation, athletics, and animals. His natural ability as an athlete was apparent at a young age, and his strong build aided his accomplishments in numerous sports, including in baseball and wrestling. He attended Milford, Lakeland and Harbor High School where his teachers and classmates often described him as �one of the nicest kids you�ll ever meet.� Brandon�s infectious smile and distinct laughter made him instantly likeable and helped form the �gentle giant� personality upon which many of his friendships were created.
Brandon pursued several passions throughout his life. He had a relentless appetite for technology and a talent for disassembling, modifying, and testing the limits of all computer-related devices. He could spend hours in his bedroom on the computer, the door closed, his music blaring through the walls. As a result, he happily served as the �tech� for many of his friends. While growing up, Brandon loved to ride his dirt bike and four-wheeler, he enjoyed paintball and airsoft guns, and he was involved with Indian Guides with his father. He also had an unending affinity for animals, and his list of pets included not only two dogs, but also a cat, rabbit, ferret, iguana, rat, and several birds and assorted reptiles. On occasion, Brandon volunteered his time in the community alongside his family. He participated in events at St. Mary�s Church with his parents, and he assisted his brother Isaac at Huron Valley�s MLK Day celebrations.
More than anything else, Brandon tried to be a good friend - one who would do anything to help, and one who hated to see anyone left out. Blessed with a gentle soul and robust sense of humor, Brandon formed close bonds with those around him, especially his nephew Colten who was only eight months younger and his most constant companion. Brandon�s patience and good nature allowed him to be a favorite with young kids, including his nieces and nephews who loved him dearly. He was always surrounded by loving friends and family members who will no doubt remember him by the plethora of happy memories and cherished moments his life provided.? He leaves his parents, Charles and Diane Perry; his brothers, Ian (Anne) Perry and Isaac (Andrea) Perry; nephews and nieces, Colten, Oliver, Charlotte, Oscar, Lincoln and Layla; grandparents, Lillian Schuyler and C. Gale Perry and numerous aunts, uncles, cousins, and many, many dear friends. He was preceded in death by grandparents, Virginia Perry and Leonard Schuyler.
A Funeral Service will be held at Lynch & Sons Funeral Home, 404 E. Liberty Street, Milford, on Sunday, August 4, at 2PM. Friends may visit at the funeral home on Saturday from 2-9PM and Sunday from 1PM until the time of service. Memorials may be made in Brandon's name to the Henry Ford Maplegrove Center (checks payable to Henry Ford Maplegrove Center) ATTN: Patty McNutt 6773 West Maple Rd. West Bloomfield, MI 48322.
For further information please phone 248-684-6645.
Welcome to Brandon's Memorial Wall
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Q: Get iPhone ID with web app? I'm making a web app for iPhone.  I have some settings that the user can set, but I'm not sure how to save the settings for that iPhone.  I don't want the user to have to sign up for an account.  Is there a way to get a unique identifier for the iPhone (serial number, etc).  So basically, what is a unique identifier, and how could I retrieve it with a HTML5 web app?
Thanks!

A: Here's a way to get a UUID (universally unique ID) into an NSString in your iPhone app:
CFUUIDRef uuid = CFUUIDCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault);
CFStringRef uuidStr = CFUUIDCreateString(kCFAllocatorDefault,uuid);
NSString* uniqueIdentifier = (__bridge NSString*)uuidStr;

From Apple's documentation:

UUIDs (Universally Unique Identifiers), also known as GUIDs (Globally
  Unique Identifiers) or IIDs (Interface Identifiers), are 128-bit
  values guaranteed to be unique. A UUID is made unique over both space
  and time by combining a value unique to the computer on which it was
  generated—usually the Ethernet hardware address—and a value
  representing the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since October 15,
  1582 at 00:00:00.

As far as getting the string to your server, how about just sending it in an HTTP POST?

A: have a look at http://whatismyudid.com  , if your web offers provisioning profile which is accepted by the user, then website can read even UDID ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I have constantly been asked this question by women who follow me on Quora.
The two questions are essentially asking the same thing. The two ladies are asking on preworkout supplements for weight loss and muscle gain.
You see, workouts are tiring and take lots of energy. As a woman, you want your body to take in the exercises without tiring easily. The reason why one tires so easily is because their muscles are on overdrive and would do with a boost of oxygen.
Without this boost, the body easily gets fatigued and lactic acid is formed in the muscles.
These best pre workout for weight loss female supplements are therefore key to a good workout session.
Well today, I am going to demystify these pre workout supplements. We actually do not have one but many pre workout supplements that women can take before they start their workout sessions. In this post, I will list the highest rated pre workout supplements for women and then go ahead to tell you how to take the dosages.
So, lets look at how to take each of these female pre workout supplements.
Made with active ingredients, blackwolf huntress pack is one of the best pre workout supplements for weight loss and muscle gain that gives you awesome energy to see you throughout the workout process.
I have found out that the main reason why most females do not work out is because they think that it is too strenuous to do so.
And well, they are right. Working out is not the easiest thing to do.
But hey, someone needs to seriously workout if at all they want to lose weight, sculpt and tone up, don't they?
At the same time, workout requires energy and will power. Without the necessary motivation, you will find that you will always be setting workout schedules but never actually getting to it.
So how can one get over that initial laziness? Have a desire to get lean muscles and buy Blackwolf huntress pack to see you through the whole working out process.
The supplement which is new in the market is endorsed by Bulgarian's professional swimmer Ekaterina Avramova whose awesome body is sure enough motivation.
With the blackwolf pre workout supplement, you are assured that your workout will be smooth and will yield great results. The supplement helps increase oxygen supply to your muscles and as such you are able to work out for longer and harder with no fatigue.
When you purchase blackwolf supplements, you are assured that they will work since they have been proved to be very effective.
For every purchase you make, you stand freebies including free shakers to help you combine the blackwolf supplements safely.
They have awesome discounts for all your purchases.
You will be given guides that will lead you to lean muscle and weight loss.
As a female pre workout supplement, marine muscle colonel is highly effective and will get you that shapely body that you want in matter of months.
Another one of the top women's workout supplements, marine muscle sergeant is used by both men and women to bulk and get ripped.
– Take 3 capsules of Trenorol per day with water 45 minutes before work out.
– Use Trenorol for at least 2 months.
Take 3 capsules of Testomax per day with water 20 minutes before breakfast.
Use Testomax with a great diet and work out for at least 2 months.
When you want to cut and get ripped to look like the cover models on Vogue and Oprah Magazine, take strong pre workout supplements such as crazy bulk anadrole.
Take 2 capsules of Anadrole per day with water, 20 minutes before breakfast.
Use for at least 2 months with great diet and work out.
Crazy bulk N02 Max is another of the most powerful and best female pre workout supplement.
When taken with good diet and exercises, you are assured of positive results.
 Take 2 tablets of No 2 Max per day with water, 20 minutes before workout.
Crazy bulk decaduro is another one of the most powerful supplements that you can take before workout. It is made from natural ingredients thereby making it safe and potent to use.
Crazy bulk clenbuterol has proved to be one of the strongets pre workout supplement. Once taken and used with great exercise discipline, you are bound to see great results in a matter of days.
The pre workout supplements increase the amount of red blood cells in your body. With a spike in the number of RBC, you tend to draw more oxygen into your body and as such you are able to exercise for longer and harder.
These highly rated pre workout solutions get you to cut all subcutaneous and visceral fats from your body and in this way, you rip fast.
1.All the above named supplements are legal and FDA approved. You therefore need not worry that they will affect your body negatively. They have all been cross-checked and found to be effective and in a matter of two months, you will start reaping the fruits of your sweat.
2. These highest rated pre workout products are all available online. Shipping is free for all crazy bulk products. For marine muscle though, they only sell the product to USA residents only. Such a pity, right?


Words containing AUXILIARY. With this 9 letter combination (A U X I L I A R Y) you can create 1 anagrams that contain all the same letters. We found partially matching words lists! We searched for words in our database of more than 182 000 anagrams.


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Q: Speeding up word embeding comparisons using cosine distance I need to find the closest match between a word embedding array and 6000 others, right now I'm just doing 6000 comparisons and it seems inefficient.
Since the scikit spatial.distance.cosine function is single-threaded one way to speed this up would be to parallelize it but I'm more interested in better algorithmic ideas. Maybe clustering / dimensionality reduction would work?


One of Rebecca Carey's favorite exercises to do with the actors she coaches at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival is called "Cameraman." Carey, who is the voice and text director of the renowned company, said "Cameraman" at first can make even actors feel a little silly, because in order to pretend they are filming the action of a Shakespearean scene, they have to hold an imaginary movie camera up to their eye.
The "cameraman" would first imagine that she was filming Troy: she pans across the massive walls of Troy in front of her. Then, for the isles of Greece, maybe she moves the camera up in the air and pretends to get a helicopter shot, panning over the islands. For the prince's orgulous, she zooms in for a close-up of the angry face of the prince.
Carey said this kind of visualization of the complex 400-year-old text is a great exercise for all actors, but seems to work especially well for the dyslexic ones, which, when she was teaching in the United Kingdom, she estimates to be about 10-20 percent of all the actors she worked with. Here in the United States, she said, the percentages seem to be about the same, though it seems that a lot of younger actors have an official diagnosis, while some older actors never received anything official, though they have trouble reading and memorizing.
Carey said that the name "Sandbox" comes from kids' imaginary sandbox games. "It's like a little kid in a sandbox, like 'First, Superman did this!' And you pick up Superman and make him fly around in the air. 'And then Batman came along and did this!' So it's a way to use your toys to act out Shakespeare." These childlike games are far from pointless; visual and physical explorations can help an actor who has difficulty with Shakespearean text make it more concrete by grounding it in their reality, an idea Carey adapted while teaching in Great Britain from Petronilla Whitfield, associate professor and senior lecturer of voice and acting at the Arts University Bournemouth.
After 20 years as a professional actress with prestigious companies like the Royal Shakespeare Company, Whitfield went back to earn a Ph.D. in voice and acting, the focus of her work centering on how to help dyslexic actors read, understand and perform Shakespearean text with less difficulty -- not to mention the fear and anxiety she said often accompanies dyslexics' expectations that they will be forced to read aloud in front of their peers.
Storyboard by a student of Psychological Gesture, courtesy of Petronilla Whitfield.
Whitfield said that imagery is often the key that unlocks the door of understanding and memory, and her research supports the idea. People with dyslexia often feel disassociated from the words and their meanings, and attaching imagery to the words makes them more concrete and three-dimensional, as well as easier to remember. Using a technique Whitfield calls "visual storyboarding," she often asks her students to draw or find images that help prop up their understanding. Often, the images aren't literal -- they can be colors to suggest an emotion, for example -- but sometimes they are.
Whitfield said that creating image-based PowerPoint storyboards is a way to help both dyslexic and nondyslexic students better understand the words and the underlying emotional meaning of Shakespearean texts. She described the work of one student, Sophia, who took Adrianna's speech from Act II, Scene II from The Comedy of Errors, and carefully created her own image slides that represented what each line, or in some cases each word, meant to her.
Whitfield said that in classrooms, students might even be able to turn the slideshow into a kind of performance, playing the slides and reciting the text simultaneously.
"It was just really exciting how she helped the students break through that barrier," Carey said.
Section of a storyboard of Sonnet 147 illustrating "My love is as a fever longing still for that which longer nurseth the disease." Courtesy of Petronilla Whitfield.
Whitfield, who said all her experience and expertise was in helping university drama school students, said that visual methods may also work well with high school students studying Shakespeare, with the understanding that each teacher must adapt the methods to her teaching style and her individual students. She found that dyslexic students were already often using their own version of visual aids without even realizing it -- intuitively using symbols, pictures or even doodles drawn onto the text, but that even students who don't struggle with reading might find visual storyboarding helpful.
*A previous version of this article misstated that Petronilla Whitfield worked with staff and students directly.
**An earlier version misidentified the coach as Petronilla Whitfield. We regret these errors.


Allegations of child sexual abuse in Spain's Catholic institutions are examined in interviews with survivors, clergy, journalists and other experts.
The show Examination of Conscience is a Netflix Original and was released in 2018. For mature audiences. May not be suitable for children 17 and under. Examination of Conscience is available on Netflix in Ultra HD/4K quality as long as you have the right Netflix membership plan This show is Emotional.


Geez some people on the site talk absolute rot.
You do get something for the memberships: access to buy tickets to away finals. As much of a disaster as the WC prelim was last year, I wouldn't have been able to go without the dual membership. For the life of me I can't work out the advantage of the "premium" add on though.
Yup. Needs to retain his power and cut away as much of the fat as he can. His power is his greatest asset but he can't use it if he's not moving to the right places.
Exactly why I'd hate to lose him. Can't see that pick helping us out if Viney and Oliver go down.
Anyone want to access business lounge qantas in Perth tonight let me know. I'll be doing my best to drain Perth of beer.
Just woke up in Perth feeling extremely dusty. Listening to Martin's ode to the Demons then heading to the pre game function. Go the [censored] Dees.
I'm wandering down to The Game in Northbridge.
Went via Sydney this morning, been up since 2am local time. Beautiful weather here, enjoying a local beer in the sun. Burned some points to get over here, and flew business. Half the cabin was full with Dees. Should have taken a photo, would've been a great meme. Anyone watching the game tonight? I'll be heading to The Game sports bar for it.
Too early for beers? Keep your watch on Melbourne time and you'll be right.
Yep, I agree. Just bought tickets. Hope the bar is well staffed.
I'll be there with 2 Geelong supporters who are wearing Melbourne scarves.


The past few days have been glorious. The air a bit crisper…the periwinkle clouds extra puffy and the sargasso gone! So…I took a bunch of pictures and this morning, visited an interesting spot on the Caye – The Quarry.
Here are some photos from Sunday morning yoga at Ak'Bol Eco Resort (about 2 miles north, Ambergris Caye). Heavenly.
Yesterday evening from my balcony.
Will it be weird to vacation next door?
We're are all over the place here – so stick with me!
The water is still clearing but it looks…perfect.
Next…I'm heading north to the Quarry. This quarry was started a few years ago to build the road north – and has been going STRONG ever since. It is private land and you'll see BIG trucks filled with rock and sand running north and south. They are coming from the Quarry – about 9 miles north.
The first sight…a guard goose! And duck.
Both a VERY strange sight here on the island.
Large pits in the limestone filled with blue water.
The goose had relocated on my way out.
We headed north a bit – to Bonito's Store (the only one north of about 5 miles) to grab some water and then head home.
Have a Happy Holiday. Now Pan-American Day rather than Columbus. It's a tough sell to celebrate the guy who brought disease and war that decimated 90% of Native Americans.


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Lockheed Martin Inks Long-Term Contracts with More F-35 Suppliers
(Source: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company; issued Apr 17, 2019)
FORT WORTH, Texas --- Lockheed Martin has transitioned additional F-35 suppliers to longer term Performance Based Logistics contracts and Master Repair Agreements to enhance supply availability and reduce sustainment costs.
"As the F-35 fleet expands, we are partnering with our customers and taking aggressive actions to enhance F-35 readiness and reduce sustainment costs," said Greg Ulmer, Lockheed Martin vice president and general manager of the F-35 program. "The F-35 global supply chain is a key enabler to success, and we're restructuring and streamlining several contracts with key industry partners to provide the long-term stability that will allow them to make investments, improve efficiencies and optimize their performance. This is one of several actions we're taking across the supply chain to improve capacity, reduce costs and enhance supply availability."
Previously under annual contracts, the new multi-year PBLs allow each company to make longer term investments and actions to reduce costs and improve efficiencies. In addition to PBL contracts, Lockheed Martin has established 12 Master Repair Agreements (MRAs) with key suppliers to enhance repair capacity and speed.
The PBLs cover several contracts with BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman and Collins Elbit Vision Systems (CEVS); and the MRAs cover contracts with 12 separate suppliers including Honeywell, GE and Eaton.
The initial multi-year contracts are already delivering benefits. A 2017 PBL contract awarded to BAE Systems for the Electronic Warfare subsystem is helping deliver a 25 percent improvement in the system's availability throughout global operations.
Enhancing Readiness, Reducing Costs
As the F-35 fleet expands, the F-35 Joint Program Office-led Hybrid Product Support Integration (HPSI) team is implementing the Global Support Solution (GSS) to enhance readiness and reduce costs.
The F-35's reliability and readiness continues to improve and newer production aircraft are averaging greater than 60 percent mission capable rates with some operational squadrons consistently near 70 percent. Additionally, Lockheed Martin has reduced its portion of operating costs per aircraft by 15 percent since 2015.
The F-35 enterprise's goal is to deliver 80 percent mission capable rates in the near term, and achieve a $25,000 Cost per Flight Hour (CPFH) by 2025, which is comparable to the cost to sustain legacy aircraft, while providing a generational leap in capability.
As more aircraft enter service, the enterprise is optimizing resources across the fleet and leveraging data across hundreds of thousands of flight hours to achieve these goals. The program is conducting supply chain competitions, building supply chain capacity, synchronizing spare buys, improving parts reliability and maintainability, implementing advanced analytics tools, enhancing the Autonomic Logistics Information System (ALIS), accelerating modifications of earlier aircraft, and supporting the stand-up of government-led regional warehouses and repair depots.
With stealth technology, advanced sensors, supersonic speed, weapons capacity and superior range, the F-35 is the most lethal, survivable and connected aircraft in the world. More than a fighter jet, the F-35's ability to collect, analyze and share data, is a powerful force multiplier that enhances all airborne, surface and ground-based assets in the battlespace enabling men and women in uniform to execute their mission and return home safely.
(EDITOR'S NOTE: While extending the duration of F-35 may lead to lower costs, if subcontractors agree to reduce their profit margins, longer contracts will also inevitably reduce opportunities for competition and for adding new companies to the F-35 supply chain.
Such contracts also give a competitive advantage to companies already in place, making it even more difficult for new suppliers to compete.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A PDF version of the presentation can be downloaded here.
This teleconference/webinar is designed especially Greens who have recently completed a run for office (and their key staff/volunteers), and for state and local party leaders more generally.
This webinar will be facilitated by Co-Chair of the Massachusetts Green-Rainbow Party John Andrews. John was also a key member of the Stein for President campaign team.


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TOPAS Model for Simulating Contrast in High-Energy Proton Radiography
B Broder1*, M Freeman2, (1) Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL, (2) Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
B Broder
Purpose: Proton radiography with a magnetic lens system could provide instantaneous imaging for proton therapy and generate a map of proton stopping power, significantly reducing position error and facilitating a more accurate dose calculation. Here, the 800-MeV proton radiography (pRad) system at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is modeled using the TOol for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS). The resulting transport model is a deployable, open-source Monte Carlo package that can be used for simulations of proton and heavy ion therapy treatments and concurrent particle imaging.
Methods: A proton flux of 107 particles per simulation with a Gaussian beam spread of s = 0.85 cm strikes a tantalum diffuser foil. The beam is transported through three quadrupoles that provide the matching conditions that produce a Fourier plane (collimation point) within the downstream lens system. The imaging lens is constructed of four magnetic quadrupole fields. At the imaging plane, several phantoms designed to mimic those used in PET and SPECT quality assurance were used to assess the resolution of the system and amount of contrast agent needed. The detector is a 15 cm x 15 cm x 0.2 cm LYSO panel.
Results: Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were calculated for each object in each phantom; the highest SNR was seen for the smallest objects and lowest-Z materials due to the increase in transmission (statistics) through those materials.
Conclusion: The TOPAS pRad model can simulate the performance of an instantaneous proton radiography system. As expected, the model shows that gold has the highest level of contrast and 68Gallium had an acceptable level of contrast for proton imaging. Results confirmed the poor tissue contrast seen in proton radiography using water as a tissue-equivalent material. Future work will focus on validating these results experimentally using a mouse model with 68Gallium-DOTATATE or gold nanoparticles as contrast agents
Funding Support, Disclosures, and Conflict of Interest: This project was supported in part by the Graduate Fellowship for STEM Diversity
Protons, Monte Carlo, Radiography
IM- Particle (e.g., Proton) CT: Monte Carlo, modeling


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Why you should follow: Marissa Cox not only writes Rue Rodier, she's also one of Who What Wear's columnists, so you know we really rate her style. The fashionable Brit moved to Paris in 2013 but had to change up her style to match her chic new city. As a result, she's got some brilliant learnings to dish out when it comes to dressing French. Merci, indeed.
The announcement of import tax reductions follows changes in June 2015, when the government cut the tariffs on clothing, cosmetics and various other goods by half. Among the changes — easier tax refunds for overseas shoppers and accelerated openings of more duty-free shops in cities covered by the 72-hour visa scheme. The 72-hour visa was introduced in Beijing and Shanghai in January 2013 and has been extended to 18 Chinese cities.[44]
In fact, Thomas's connection with fashion stems, in part, from her personal biography. — Anne Showalter, Smithsonian, "The Fierce Pride and Passion of Rhinestone Fashion," 9 Aug. 2019 Since Palmer started hosting the show last year, she's spoken to leaders and influencers, in industries that run the gamut from culinary arts and fashion to Hollywood and politics. — Renee Morad, NBC News, "The podcast that's inspiring women to pursue positions in leadership," 8 Aug. 2019 For older students, animal prints can be used to make a bold fashion statement such as in a leopard print dress or cheetah print pants. — Tyra Mcclung, courant.com, "Back to school in style: Here's what's trending this fall," 7 Aug. 2019 Anything But Classic Chanel is a fashion house known for many things, but its quilted purses are its most sought-after pieces. — Christian Allaire, Vogue, "Kylie Jenner's Chanel Bag Is Anything But Classic," 5 Aug. 2019 More head-turning pieces are piled on top, including dramatic chandeliers collected through the years, porcelain vases from China, 1920s privacy screens, and even textiles from the Louis Vuitton fashion house. — Chadner Navarro, Condé Nast Traveler, "A New Hotel Is Embracing the Laid-Back Eastern Side of the Algarve," 26 July 2019 Designer Giorgio Armani, the sole shareholder of his eponymous, 41-year-old Italian fashion house, is streamlining the far-reaching company, in reaction to sales falling for a third year. — Robert Williams, Fortune, "Giorgio Armani's Restructuring his Fashion Empire," 26 July 2019 Givenchy is the nephew of the fashion house's founder, Hubert de Givenchy. — Carrie Goldberg, Harper's BAZAAR, "Scarlett Johansson's Engagement Ring Is One of The Chicest We've Ever Seen," 24 July 2019 Shortly after, the fashion house and Dapper Dan began working together on a line, and a collaborative collection between the two debuted in 2018](https://fashionista.com/2018/07/gucci-dapper-dan-collection-clothing-accessories). — Lauren Rearick, Teen Vogue, "Dapper Dan Addressed Why Black-Owned Fashion Brands Don't Get Support On "The Breakfast Club"," 12 July 2019


It all started with a conversation with a colleague about the good-old-times of computers, when de-bugging was still removing live animals. A few days later he dropped by my office and handed me a bunch of cards of 'Druckwerke Reichenbach'.
Initially I tried reading the cards with a mechanical contact, but this quickly turned out to be highly unreliable. Around the same time I had disassembled some old HP office print stations, which resulted in a large number of useful parts. Some stepper motors, some solenoids, and heaps of slotted optical interrupter switches. Following a tip of another colleague, I started disassembling the switches into IR-LEDs and corresponding photo-transistors.
Using these components I build a new prototype, this time using contactless optical sensors. I drilled opposing holes into two plastic cards. On one side I glued the LEDs and on the other side the photo-transistors. The LEDs are powered by 3.3V chaining 3 LEDs serial and 4 groups parallel. The transistors use a common ground and are connected to the Teensy 3.1 inputs. The inputs have activated pull-up resistors, pulling them to 3.3V as well. With a free passage between the LED and the transistor, the light activates the transistor, which in turn pulls the input to ground. With the card in between, the transistor receives no light and let's the input be pulled up to 3.3V. Thus the input pins follow an inverted logic.
The two plastic plates are separated by two plastic guides to each side of the card. They provide guidance to the card when inserted, which is important for the correct hole alignment. As the optical card reader turned out to work rather reliable, I implemented a simple interpreter on the Teensy 3.1 which reads the card according to the IBM model 029 keypunch from the 60's / 70's. The micro-controller is recognised as a USB HID keyboard and sends the decoded characters as key presses. Each card is finalised with an 'enter' key press. The only adjustments I made are to only use every second column of the card in order to make sure all contacts close after each character. Also I added a space character encoding (Y&X row). You can download the binary and source code for the Teensy 3.1 based decoder from github.
You mention a mechanical way of reading out punchcards, would you be kind to share how you did that? I am working on an alarm clock that is by a punchcard, and I am having problems designing the switches for the 'tooth-card' design I want.


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New York Record Label MVB RECORDS Signs Indie Hip Hop Artist La'Vega
April 18, 2019 April 18, 2019 Bafana FM Africa News
Virtually still a teenager, Stephanie "La'Vega" Lavigat signed her first record deal with the artist development company MVB Entertainment Music Group, in 2013. She was fresh off the stoop of her Bronx apartment building, writing poems in her neighborhood, and posting snippets of unfinished songs on SoundCloud for her friends to listen to. What came after signing her record deal during the Summer of 2013 was nothing short of life changing.
After signing with MVBEMG during the Summer of 2013 La'Vega practically lived at Quad Recording Studios, in Manhattan. She was making music faster than any other artist that her former (and current) manager, Abdel "Sosa" Russell, said he had ever worked with. He was quoted as calling her, "the hardest working Hip Hop artist in New York".
When the opportunity presented itself, Sosa wasted no time in reaching out to his former artist, saying that La'Vega is passionate, hard working, and talented. He even went as far as saying, "she has everything that all the other female Hip Hop artists of today has, plus more". La'Vega signed a new deal with the popular New York indie record label MVB RECORDS in March of 2019. She is currently back at Quad Studios recording a ton of new music, and dieting to get ready for her first photo shoot which is scheduled in June.
Her fans will be happy to know that MVB RECORDS has re-released some of her most popular music, and they can find them on iTunes, Spotify, Tidal, and all other popular online music stores. It is also rumored that La'Vega will be releasing new music in June, but this information was neither confirmed nor denied by MVB RECORDS, or her manager, so we are not sure how true it is.
Marissa Thompson
UPC Magazine
Michelle–Going Places – On the Juicy Jukebox Now
PEACE SONG AWARDS Announce Finalists, New Date for Concert Awards, and the Addition of a Peace Legend Honoree


Feel new again by improving and maintaining your health with RESTORE natural supplements. Whether you want to defy the aging process with collagen-boosting, wrinkle-fighting ingredients or ease those pesky aches and pains with anti-inflammatory herbs, RESTORE products can help you regain function and feel restored. Feel your very best with RESTORE natural supplements.


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Die Val-d'Aràn-Gebirgseidechse (Iberolacerta aranica) ist eine Eidechsenart aus der Gattung Iberolacerta.

Merkmale
Die Val-d'Aràn-Gebirgseidechse ist eine mittelgroße Eidechse. Männchen erreichen eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge bis zu 62 Millimeter, Weibchen bis 67 Millimeter. Mit ihrem relativ kurzen Kopf, den kurzen Beinen und dem kurzen Schwanz ähnelt sie der Waldeidechse (Zootoca vivipara). Der Rücken hat eine gräuliche Grundfarbe, die manchmal bräunlich oder oliv getönt ist. Der Rücken mancher Männchen ist glänzend metallisch grün. In der Rückenmitte ist selten eine feine dunkle Linie vorhanden. Auf jeder Rückenseite läuft in der Regel eine Reihe aus dunklen Punkten entlang, die manchmal bis auf den Schwanz reichen. In der vorderen Körperhälfte sind an der Grenze zwischen Rücken und Flanken zwei unregelmäßig gerandete, helle Längsbänder entwickelt. Vom Bereich der Schläfen bis auf die vorderen Schwanzseiten läuft an den Flanken ein dunkelbraunes bis schwarzes, breites Band entlang. Die Unterseite ist weiß, kann aber abhängig vom Lichteinfall bläulich oder grünlich schimmern. Bei den Männchen befinden sich auf den hinteren Bauchschildern kleine schwarze Flecken, bei Weibchen sind diese nur bei einem kleinen Teil der Tiere vorhanden. An den äußeren Bauchschildern können sich bei einer geringen Anzahl von Männchen einige blaue Flecken befinden. Der Schwanz der Jungtiere ist in der Regel so grau wie der Rest des Körpers. In ein paar Populationen sind allerdings auch Jungtiere mit blauen Schwänzen anzutreffen.

Vorkommen
Die Val-d'Aràn-Gebirgseidechse ist in einem kleinen Gebiet der zentralen Pyrenäen an der spanisch-französischen Grenze endemisch. Sie kommt nur im Maubèrme-Massiv, einschließlich seiner Ausläufer zwischen dem Val d'Aràn in Spanien und dem Ariège in Frankreich, vor. Das gesamte Verbreitungsgebiet ist nur ungefähr 36 km² groß, der größte Teil davon liegt in Spanien.

Iberolacerta aranica ist eine spezialisierte Hochgebirgsart. Sie wurde bislang in Höhenlagen von 1900 m (Cabana des Calhaus, Lérida) bis 2668 m (in der Nähe des Gipfels des Tuc de Maubèrme, Lérida) nachgewiesen. Ihr Lebensraum sind Schutthalden, Geröllfelder und steiniges Grasland. Der Untergrund besteht aus Schiefer- und Kalkgestein. In diesen Höhen ist die Vegetationsperiode lediglich drei Monate lang.

Lebensweise
Die jährliche Aktivitätsperiode der Art reicht ungefähr von Mitte Mai bis Ende September. Junge und halbwüchsige Tiere können bis in die erste Hälfte des Oktober aktiv sein. Die Paarungszeit reicht von Mitte Mai bis Ende Juni. Pro Jahr wird nur ein Gelege abgesetzt. Dies geschieht von Ende Juni bis Mitte Juli in der Regel unter mittelgroßen Steinen. Ein Gelege besteht meist aus 2 bis 5 Eiern. Diese sind 10 bis 15 Millimeter lang und 7 bis 11 Millimeter breit. Bei der Eiablage enthalten sie bereits voll entwickelte Embryonen. Jungtiere wurden ab der zweiten August-Hälfte beobachtet. Über Nahrung und Fressfeinde ist so gut wie nichts bekannt. Die Fliegenart Sarcophaga protuberans befällt mit ihren Maden einen Teil der Gelege.

Systematik
Die Val-d'Aràn-Gebirgseidechse wurde 1993 von Arribas erstbeschrieben. Es sind keine Unterarten beschrieben. Zusammen mit Aurelios Gebirgseidechse (I. aurelioi) und der Pyrenäen-Gebirgseidechse (I. bonnali) wird sie in die Untergattung Pyrenesaura gestellt.

Belege
 Dieter Glandt: Taschenlexikon der Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Alle Arten von den Kanarischen Inseln bis zum Ural. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-494-01470-8, S. 381–383.

Weblinks

Echte Eidechsen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Spectrian emulates the Spectrum 48K / 128K / +2 / +2A on Symbian OS Series 60 and UIQ phones including the Nokia 36x0, 7650, 66x0, 7610, 6260, N70, N90, N-Gage and N-Gage QD, Siemens SX1, Samsung SGH-D700, Sendo X, Sony Ericsson P800/P900/P910 and the Motorola A92x/A1000. It supports SNA, Z80, TAP and SZX program file formats.
Almost every program ever released for the Spectrum is available somewhere on the internet, or on CD. We recommend you start on the www.worldofspectrum.org archive. This has a large selection of programs in TAP and Z80 formats, and lists of popular programs. Also, check out our links page.
You can use Infrared or Bluetooth to 'send' Z80, SNA or TAP files to your phone from a PC (see the Infrared / Bluetooth adapter manufacturer's instructions for how to do this), or if your phone is set up for email, you can send a file as an attachment. You can also send files via Bluetooth from one phone to another using a File Explorer program such as the freeware FExplorer (available from www.my-symbian.com).
Files sent in this way appear in your Messaging Inbox. When you open the message, Spectrian will be automatically launched.
Alternatively use the Nokia PC Suite (or equivalent for other Series 60 phones) to copy programs into the SpectrianPrograms directory on either the phone memory (C:) or the memory card (E:). You may first have to create the directory.
To launch the Program Browser, go to Programs->Browse.
A list of your programs is shown, with the one you last loaded highlighted. To skip directly to a program, type the first character(s) of the name. Select by pressing the scroll key, or use Options->Load. The Options menu also allows you to delete the highlighted program and any associated keymap from your phone.
Spectrian supports Z80, SNA, TAP and SZX files. Z80, SNA and SZX files are 'snapshot' formats which load instantaneously. Only 48K SNA files are supported. A Z80 file contains information on key mappings and the Spectrum model (48K/128K/+2/+2A) it's intended for. Spectrian understands V1, V2 and V3 Z80 files, including the extra model bits used by Spectaculator. If the Z80 file contained key mapping information this will be used for the Spectrian keymap the first time you load it – subsequently it will be ignored in favour of changes you make using Spectrian.
A TAP file is an emulated cassette tape. Spectrian loads these by first resetting the Spectrum, and then after a short pause automatically entering LOAD "" (48K) or Enter to access the Tape Loader (128K). See Further information on TAP Files.
An SZX file is similar to a Z80 file, in that it contains information on the Spectrum model. They tend to be smaller than a Z80 file as the contents are compressed. If an SZX snapshot is saved from a TAP file, a pointer to the TAP file is attached to the SZX file. This allows you to resume playing multi-level games which load levels one at a time from tape.
Programs->Save allows you to save a snapshot of your current game state as an SZX or a Z80 file in the default location (whichever of the SpectrianPrograms directories you last loaded from, or the one where the application is installed). The default file format can be changed from the Settings menu. SZX files saved by Spectaculator should be compatible with Spectrian, but the reverse may not be true if there is an attached TAP file.
The program browser searches for files in C:\SpectrianPrograms and, if you have a memory card, E:\SpectrianPrograms. If you launched Spectrian by opening a message containing a program file, or from a file explorer program, you will be invited to save the program in the default location, as defined above. If you want to define a custom keymap you should always save the game in the default location (see Changing key mappings).
Spectrian has a 30-day trial period. All functions are available in the evaluation version. If you want to continue using the software after the 30-day period has elapsed, then you need to register.
To register you will need your phone IMEI number. This is a unique 15 digit number permanently stored in your phone. Go to the Register menu and select Get IMEI. If the trial has already expired, your IMEI will be shown before Spectrian exits - just type any number into the registration code box. Make a note of the number and then go to the purchase page and follow the instructions. You will be emailed your registration code, which consists of 16 alphanumeric digits.
Go to Register->Enter reg code and carefully type in the code (upper/lower case is not important). If the evaluation version has expired you will be invited to enter a registration code as soon as you start Spectrian. Once successfully registered, the Register entry will no longer appear on the menu. Keep your registration code safe, as you will need it if you ever have to re-install Spectrian. If you change your phone you will need a new registration code – contact us to explain the situation, and bear in mind that we may require to see some evidence that the new phone is registered in your name to prevent abuse of this facility.
The Series 60 screen is a different shape to the Spectrum, and there are fewer horizontal pixels: 176 versus 256 on the Spectrum. The emulator therefore has to squeeze the Spectrum screen to fit. A few lines of the Spectrum border are also fitted in.
There are two modes: keymap [ ], and text entry [ ]. Use the # key to toggle between them. Text entry is very much like entering a text message in non-predictive mode. In addition, the shifted keys needed for editing in ZX BASIC, or when entering text in an adventure game, are mapped to phone keys as described here.
You may also wish to manually load programs from 48K BASIC: in this case you'll need to know (or have remembered!) that the LOAD keyword is on the Spectrum J key (5 on the phone) and the quote character is SYM+P (Yes+7 on the phone). If you can remember the location of all the Spectrum keywords, then you clearly need to get out more, but on the plus side there's nothing to stop you writing BASIC programs on your phone, or use 128K BASIC which doesn't require the keywords!
When playing arcade-style games you'll normally use keymap mode: each phone key is mapped to a Spectrum key of your choice. You can arrange the keys needed to play the game in whatever way you choose. The * key enters and leaves the Change Keymap interface. You can also press the * key at the same time as another key as a shortcut to change the mapping for that key only. Remember that you can switch back to text entry mode at any time with the # key. An icon is shown in the top right corner of the screen for a few seconds whenever you switch modes.
Bluetooth and Infrared portable keyboards that work with the phone should also work with Spectrian. Use the keymap mode with the default mapping so that the numeric keys work as expected. Remember that symbols are located where they would be on a real Spectrum keyboard, not where they are on a modern keyboard.
Each grid cell shows on the left a phone key, and on the right the corresponding Spectrum key.
The default setting is shown in the illustration. Use the scroller to move around the grid, and press the scroller to change the key assignment. You can choose any of the Spectrum keys, a joystick input or no key mapping.
The joystick symbols correspond to using a Kempston or Fuller joystick attached to the Spectrum. Unlike the Sinclair joysticks which 'shadow' normal Spectrum keys, to use these joysticks a program has to read from a particular IO port. means no key mapping. Press down on the scroller or the left softkey to select the desired key.
The Options menu allows you to reset the current keymap to the default, and the Joystick submenu provides a simpler way to map the phone scroll keys to a Spectrum joystick: Cursor, Sinclair Interface 2 left or right, and Kempston / Fuller port joysticks are supported. Fire is mapped to the phone 0 key by default, as most games require that you can fire at the same time as moving, and the phone scroller doesn't allow this.
For the same reason, if you're trying to play a game that requires diagonal movement you might want to try mapping the up and down movements to keys that you can press at the same time as using the scroller. The Done menu option saves the current keymap, as does pressing the * key. Cancel discards any changes made.
If you've loaded a program, any changes to the keymap are associated with that program and will be restored when you load the program again. If you haven't loaded a program, or have since reset the Spectrum, keymap changes are not persisted. If the program was loaded from somewhere other than the default directory, for instance your e-mail inbox, and not saved in the default directory, then again the keymap changes are not persisted.
Spectrian emulates the 48K buzzer and the 128K AY-3-8912 sound chip. Spectrian uses oversampling and digital filtering to reduce the effect of aliasing and produce a high quality sound.
The Settings menu allows you to switch off audio emulation, and to change the volume. On the Siemens SX1, Sendo X and newer Nokia phones you can switch audio emulation to Mono, Stereo ABC or Stereo ACB. A, B and C refer to the 3 channels of the AY-3-8912 sound chip in the 128K Spectrum models. ACB means channel A goes to the left output, channel B to the right output and channel C to both outputs. You need to use a stereo headset to hear the audio in stereo.
Spectrian emulates the original Sinclair 48K and 128K, and the Amstrad +2 / +2A machines. The +2 is virtually identical to the 128K. The +2A is a quite different design and consequently some earlier 128K games and demos don't work correctly on it. Conversely later programs may not work correctly on the 128K.
Change the Spectrum model using the Settings menu. This will cause a reset, so make sure you save any game beforehand. Note that loading an SNA file forces the model to 48K and loading a Z80 or SZX file will set the emulated model to whatever is indicated in the file itself.
The model shown in the Settings menu doesn't change in this case, so a reset will take you back to the model you specified. TAP files don't contain any clue as to which model they're designed for, so you must set an appropriate model before loading.
TAP files consist of the raw bytes that a real Spectrum would read from a cassette tape. You can concatenate 2 or more TAP files and still have a valid file. Quite a few games consist of multiple sections containing extra levels which are only loaded when needed. By default Spectrian supports TAP files by 'hooking' the Spectrum ROM – whenever a program calls into the ROM to load from tape, Spectrian intercepts the call and instantly reads the next block from the TAP file.
The Settings menu Tape Quick Load item controls whether the ROM is hooked or not. If you turn this off Spectrian will load the tape just as a real Spectrum does, complete with tape loading noises. In this mode you can start and stop the tape using the Programs menu.
The Settings menu Tape Auto Load item controls what happens when you first select a TAP file from the Program Browser. By default it is set to 'On', meaning that Spectrian resets the Spectrum and then enters the text LOAD "" on a 48K, or just Enter on a 128K after a short delay. If auto loading is switched off, the TAP file is merely opened and positioned at the beginning, ready for the Spectrum to load.
For most games you would want auto loading on, and the game itself will control loading subsequent levels, without you even being aware of the fact. However, there are cases where you might need to turn auto loading off.
One case is where a program requires the so-called Usr 0 mode. Some 128K games and demos will only work correctly when launched from 48K BASIC. However, you can't simply select 48 BASIC from the 128K menu as this disables the paging hardware. Select 128 BASIC and type usr 0 (in text entry mode). This resets the Spectrum into 48K BASIC but leaves the 128K paging hardware active. You can then load the TAP file by typing LOAD "" (in text entry mode: 5, Yes+7, Yes+7, enter).
Another case is where a program requires that you reset the Spectrum before you can load the next part. In this case select Reset Spectrum from the Programs menu and then load the next part as described above. Resetting the Spectrum after loading prevents Spectrian from associating a keymap with the program, so you might want to immediately save as an SZX snapshot.
If you ask the Spectrum to load a program without first opening a TAP file, or if you've reached the end of the current TAP file, the Spectrum will just sit there until you hit Break (Space – phone 0 key in text entry mode).
You should always use the SZX format to save snapshots of programs originally loaded from a TAP file, as a pointer to the current location in the TAP file will be attached to the SZX file. When you load the SZX file, the original TAP file is opened and left in the same place it was in when the snapshot was saved. This allows multi-level games to be resumed correctly.
You can use Infrared or Bluetooth to 'send' Z80, SNA or TAP files to your phone from a PC (see the Infrared / Bluetooth adapter manufacturer's instructions for how to do this), or if your phone is set up for email, you can send a file as an attachment. You can also beam files via Bluetooth from one phone to another using a File Manager program.
Files sent in this way appear in your Inbox. When you open the message, Spectrian will be automatically launched.
Alternatively use the PC Suite software that came with your phone to copy programs into the \document\spectrian directory on either the phone memory or the memory card. You will first have to create the directory.
d:\media files\document\spectrian for the memory card.
To launch the Program Browser, go to Spectrian->Program Browser.
A list of your programs is shown, with the one you last loaded highlighted. Select a program and tap the Load button. You can also Delete the highlighted program and any associated keymap from your phone.
Spectrian->Save allows you to save a snapshot of your current game state as an SZX or a Z80 file in the default location (the spectrian directory on Phone Memory or Memory Card that you last loaded from, or the one where the application is installed). The default file format can be changed from the Edit->Preferences menu. SZX files saved by Spectaculator should be compatible with Spectrian, but the reverse may not be true if there is an attached TAP file.
The program browser searches for files in c:\documents\media files\document\spectrian and, if you have a memory card, d:\media files\document\spectrian.
If you launched Spectrian by opening a message containing a program file, or from a file explorer program, you will be invited to save the program in the default location, as defined above. If you want to define a custom keymap you should always save the game in the default location (see Phone key mapping).
To register you will need your phone IMEI number. This is a unique 15 digit number permanently stored in your phone. Go to the Spectrian->Register menu and select Get IMEI. If the trial has already expired, your IMEI will be shown before Spectrian exits - just type any number into the registration code box. Make a note of the number and then go to the purchase page and follow the instructions. You will be emailed your registration code, which consists of 16 alphanumeric digits.
Go to Spectrian->Register->Enter reg code and carefully type in the code (upper/lower case is not important). If the evaluation version has expired you will be invited to enter a registration code as soon as you start Spectrian. Once successfully registered, the Register entry will no longer appear on the menu. Keep your registration code safe, as you will need it if you ever have to re-install Spectrian. If you change your phone you will need a new registration code – contact us to explain the situation, and bear in mind that we may require to see some evidence that the new phone is registered in your name to prevent abuse of this facility.
The UIQ screen is a different shape to the Spectrum: 208x320 versus 256x192 for the Spectrum. The emulator can either squeeze the Spectrum screen to fit, or, in full screen mode, turn it on it's side. Use the Edit->Preferences->Screen mode menu to change the behaviour in full screen mode.
Spectrian operates in either non-fullscreen or fullscreen mode. It always starts in non-fullscreen mode, and returns to it if a phone call comes in. In addition to the Spectrum screen, there is also a view of the Spectrum keyboard and a hardware joystick. You can tap on these virtual keys with the pen.
The joystick symbols correspond to using a Kempston or Fuller joystick attached to the Spectrum. Unlike the Sinclair joysticks which 'shadow' normal Spectrum keys, to use these joysticks a program has to read from a particular IO port.
Switch between these two views using the icon: in normal orientation fullscreen mode both are visible at once. Use the and icons in the joystick view to switch to fullscreen mode and back, or use the Spectrian->Full Screen menu.
The Edit->Preferences->Keyboard pos menu item allows you to configure the position of the Spectrum keyboard view to suit left or right-handed users.
When playing arcade-style games you'll normally need to map phone keys to the Spectrum keys used by the game. Depending on the phone model, you can map most or all of the keys with the exception of the flip.
Key mapping is best done in fullscreen normal orientation mode, as this allows you to have both the Spectrum keyboard and hardware joystick views visible at once. In other screen modes you may need to use the icon to switch views.
To map a phone key to a Spectrum key, first tap on the key mapping icon ( ) , which will be highlighted in red. Then tap on any Spectrum or joystick key - the key will remain highlighted. Finally operate the desired phone key. If the key is recognised the key mapping icon and selected Spectrum key will unhighlight. If the key mapping icon remains highlighted then you will need to choose a different phone key.
You can also use the pen to enter Spectrum key presses: swipe and hold up/down/left/right on the Spectrum screen is equivalent to using the phone scroller directions, and tapping is equivalent to pressing the phone scroller. You can also swipe diagonally - this simulates pressing two keys at once, which is not possible with the phone scroller. When mapping keys as described above, you can also swipe or tap with the pen instead of using the phone scroller.
The Edit->Preferences->Joystick menu provides a shortcut to map the phone scroll keys and the pen joystick to a Spectrum joystick: Cursor, Sinclair Interface 2 left or right, and Kempston / Fuller port joysticks are supported.
Bluetooth and Infrared portable keyboards that work with the phone should also work with Spectrian. Remember that symbols are located where they would be on a real Spectrum keyboard, not where they are on a modern keyboard.
If you've loaded a program, key mappings are associated with that program and will be restored when you load the program again. If you haven't loaded a program, or have since reset the Spectrum, key mapping changes are not persisted. If the program was loaded from somewhere other than the default directory, for instance your e-mail inbox, and not saved in the default directory, then again the changes are not persisted.
The Edit->Preferences menu allows you to switch off audio emulation, or switch to Mono, Stereo ABC or Stereo ACB. A, B and C refer to the 3 channels of the AY-3-8912 sound chip in the 128K Spectrum models. ACB means channel A goes to the left output, channel B to the right output and channel C to both outputs. You need to use a stereo headset to hear the audio in stereo. Volume is changed using the volume control on the phone status bar.
Change the Spectrum model using the Edit->Preferences->Spectrum model menu. This will cause a reset, so make sure you save any game beforehand. Note that loading an SNA file forces the model to 48K and loading a Z80 or SZX file will set the emulated model to whatever is indicated in the file itself.
The model shown in the Edit->Preferences menu doesn't change in this case, so a reset will take you back to the model you specified. TAP files don't contain any clue as to which model they're designed for, so you must set an appropriate model before loading.
The Edit->Preferences->Tape quick load menu item controls whether the ROM is hooked or not. If you turn this off Spectrian will load the tape just as a real Spectrum does, complete with tape loading noises. In this mode you can start and stop the tape using the Spectrian menu.
The Edit->Preferences->Tape auto load menu item controls what happens when you first select a TAP file from the Program Browser. By default it is set to 'On', meaning that Spectrian resets the Spectrum and then enters the text LOAD "" on a 48K, or just Enter on a 128K after a short delay. If auto loading is switched off, the TAP file is merely opened and positioned at the beginning, ready for the Spectrum to load.
One case is where a program requires the so-called Usr 0 mode. Some 128K games and demos will only work correctly when launched from 48K BASIC. However, you can't simply select 48 BASIC from the 128K menu as this disables the paging hardware. Select 128 BASIC and type usr 0. This resets the Spectrum into 48K BASIC but leaves the 128K paging hardware active. You can then load the TAP file by typing LOAD "" (J, SYM+P, SYM+P, Enter).
Another case is where a program requires that you reset the Spectrum before you can load the next part. In this case select Edit->Reset Spectrum and then load the next part as described above. Resetting the Spectrum after loading prevents Spectrian from associating a keymap with the program, so you might want to immediately save as an SZX snapshot.
If you ask the Spectrum to load a program without first opening a TAP file, or if you've reached the end of the current TAP file, the Spectrum will just sit there until you hit Break (Space).
Spectrian crams a huge amount of functionality into your phone. Although emulating a Spectrum is quite easy on a modern PC, your Symbian OS phone is roughly equivalent in processing power to a ten year old PC. There is also the extra complication of having to squeeze the screen and filter the sound to reduce aliasing (which would sound like crackling or buzzing on the phone speaker).
Spectrian has full contended memory emulation – this mimics the effect on the Z80 of the Spectrum ULA reading from memory to refresh the screen. Without this most 48K programs run faster than intended, and any program relying on exact timing to do clever border or colour effects will not work (e.g. Aquaplane, Zynaps, Uridium and many demos).
All Z80 instructions, including the undocumented ones, are emulated with exact timing. A surprising number of games rely on undocumented instructions and flags to run properly.
The effect of reading from an unused IO port is emulated – on a real Spectrum (except for +2a) this will return a mixture of FF, and screen / attribute bytes being read by the ULA. Some games use this to synchronise drawing with the screen refresh (e.g. Arkanoid).
Real IO ports are decoded using only the address bits the Spectrum ULA uses, as some programs don't use the official port numbers.
Unfortunately the phone hardware does impose some limitations on the emulation – for performance reasons each line of the screen and border is drawn instantaneously rather than pixel by pixel, as it would be on a real Spectrum. This doesn't affect the vast majority of commercial games, but some programs (mainly demos) which use multi-colour effects or draw in the border will experience corruption (e.g. Shock Megademo).
On older phones the screen is only refreshed at around a quarter the rate of a real Spectrum, so some games may look jerky. However on newer phones with faster processors the screen is refreshed at the full 50Hz. Also Symbian OS phones don't provide any means to synchronise drawing to the screen with the vertical refresh, which results in a phenomenon known as 'tearing' (see the Jet Set Willy opening sequence for an example of this!).
Will Spectrian work on my phone model?
Spectrian only works on Symbian OS phones. There are two types of Symbian phone: Series 60 and UIQ. Spectrian works with most Series 60 1st and 2nd Edition and UIQ 2 phones. It doesn't currently support newer Series 60 3rd Edition phones or UIQ 3 phones, as these are based on a different and incompatible version of the Symbian OS.
www.my-symbian.com has a list of current Series 60 1st and 2nd Edition, UIQ 2, Series 60 3rd Edition and UIQ 3 models.
Sony Ericsson in their infinite wisdom have chosen to change the way that applications can access the phone IMEI number in later versions of the P910 firmware. Instead of seeing the real IMEI number, 3rd party applications such as Spectrian see a longer number starting with '14'. Worse still, this number apparently changes occasionally, meaning that any applications using this number to validate a registration code will stop working. We can only hope that SE will fix this problem, but in the meantime we will issue registration codes for these non-IMEI numbers. If the reg code stops working you will need to email us to obtain a new one.
On some Sendo X phones the key mapping dialogue appears blank on the screen. We haven't determined why this should be, but it may be related to the theme installed on the phone. The dialogue still works even though you can't see the letters, so our advice is to refer to the screengrab of what the dialogue should look like in this help guide.
Probably your phone is busy doing something else – transferring files using Bluetooth or Infrared, or another program is running in the background. Close applications until you find the one responsible. Spectrian requires all the available phone processing power!
This is caused by a bug in some older Series 60 phone models (3650 and 7650 are definitely affected). Sound spontaneously switches from 16kHz to 8kHz, which causes Spectrian to run at half the normal speed. Spectrian detects this happening and resets the sound hardware after a second or so. If this happens to you often, it's probably being caused by another application running on the phone, so try closing everything first.
Some third party applications with key mapping functions can conflict with Spectrian. If you have such an application, try disabling or uninstalling it. Please note that the flip keys on the P900 and P910 are NOT supported.
Series 60 Second Edition phones have support for themes. Spectrian is designed to run on all Series 60 phones, and doesn't support themes. This means the dialogues will not match the selected theme. In addition FP2 and FP3 devices (Nokia 6680 and newer) display dialogues of applications designed to run on older Series 60 devices incorrectly. This problem may only be apparent in certain themes. Functionality is not affected.
Spectrian requires 200K plus 144K for the roms. You will need more free space than this when installing, for the temporary storage required by the installer itself. If you want to free up space on your phone after installation, and don't care about 128 emulation you can delete the roms you don't require from \System\Apps\Spectrian\Roms. Remember that you can install on either the phone memory or the memory card, and that spectrum programs can also live in either place (or both). If you get an out of memory error message when you launch Spectrian, you will need to close some other applications first.
Playing games on the phone does drain the battery. On Spectrian, disabling audio helps to conserve battery power. We also recommend you keep Bluetooth switched off except when you need it. Avoid leaving Spectrian as the foreground application if you're not using it – switch it to the background using the No (hang-up) key on Series 60, or by selecting the application picker on UIQ. Please note on Series 60 FP3 devices (N70/N90) the No key actually closes Spectrian with no warning, so use the menu key instead!
Uninstall the other application if you want Spectrian to handle these file types.
The phone has rebooted because the Symbian OS has hit a fatal error. This might be caused by a faulty phone, memory card or SIM. It may also be caused by an interaction between applications. If this happens to you in a repeatable way when running Spectrian, try closing other applications down first.
You are obviously running on a Symbian OS device we've been unable to test on! Please let us know which one, and we will endeavour to support it.
You might be on a phone call, or another application is running that uses the phone audio in an incompatible way. Once the phone call has ended or the other application is closed, you should be able to re-enable the audio. You'll usually see this if a text message arrives. Disabling key sounds in the phone settings may be necessary on some phones.
The file format is not recognised as valid by Spectrian. If you think this really is a valid Z80, SNA or TAP file (i.e. it works on another emulator), then please contact us. Please note that SZX files generated by Spectaculator may not be compatible, and vice-versa.
This is usually caused by insufficient space. Delete some files first or un-install some applications.
You might have discovered a bug! Please let us know what you were doing, and any code indicated in the message if there was one.
Due to the many thousands of Spectrum programs, it's impossible for us to test them all. First of all verify the file you're using is not corrupt by trying it on a different emulator. For TAP files check you've got the right Spectrum model, and that you're loading it correctly (e.g. USR 0 mode). Check the Technical information section to see if the problem is caused by a limitation of the phone hardware. If you still think it's a problem with Spectrian, please contact us.


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Essay: Can the Bible Be Trusted?
This is an essay that I wrote for a class at Big Sky Bible Institute all the way back in 2008.
When trying to determine if the Bible can be trusted, the first thing we must do is examine the scriptures and decide for ourselves if they contain any errors. But first, what is the definition of an error?
What Is an Error?
An error is essentially something that is stated incorrectly, or a statement that exists which is in direct contradiction to a known fact. However, apparent errors in grammar or spelling do nothing to erode scriptures reliability, for grammar and spelling are simply human conventions, things that humans have come up with, and which are subject to change over the course of time.
Also, phenomenological language and figures of speech do not constitute errors in scripture. All languages have examples of figures of speech and phenomenological language, and there is no reason that they could not be included in the scriptures as well.
For instance, in Joshua 10:13, it states that "the sun stood still." Now, does that really mean that the sun stood still? Well, it cannot have, as we know for a fact that the earth is constantly rotating, creating the illusion of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west. A more accurate assessment would have been "the earth ceased to rotate on its axis," or something of that nature.
So then, what about these so-called errors? Some people hold the opinion that Exodus 33:20 and Exodus 33:11 contradict each other by saying that on the one hand, no one can see God and live, and on the other that God talked with Moses face to face. In actual fact, "face to face" simply is a phrase that is intended to show that they were talking personally, and that Moses could see some of God's glory, but not actually God himself. Some people claim that there are contradictions in the Mosaic Law, while most of those examples have to do with what the Israelites were to do in the wilderness compared with how they were to act in the promised land.
Inerrancy
However, I firmly believe that scripture is inerrant. "Inerrant," as defined by the American Heritage Dictionary, means "incapable of erring, infallible" or "containing no errors." The implications of this is that God gave the whole Bible to us through the people who wrote it down (2 Peter 1:20-21). The Bible was "God-breathed" (2 Timothy 3:16), and as such, it is without error in any of the assertions that it makes in the original documents. They have "adequately and accurately" written everything that God's Holy Spirit gave them to write. By adequately and accurately, I mean to say that they did not mess anything up, and that it was recorded with the correct language in order to be "…everything we need for life and godliness…" (2 Peter 1:3).
Errors have come down through the process of copying and translation, and some things have gone missing. However, I believe, and I think it is supported by scripture (see above), that in the original documents, the Bible was inerrant. This idea of inerrancy is basically a logical conclusion based on God's character, and what He has revealed about Himself in Scripture. In 1st John 5:20, it states that God is true, and this truth must extend to his words laid down in the Bible, as it says in Titus 1:2 "…God, who does not lie…." Furthermore, in John 17:17, it explicitly states that "…your word is truth." While it may not be entirely legitimate to argue the case of the Bible's inerrancy from the Scriptures themselves, one must also at the same time realize the implications of a Holy Bible with major errors in it.
There are several differing opinions concerning inerrancy:
1. Some people hold absolute inerrancy, which essentially says that even the smallest minutia contained within the original text was true.
2. The full inerrancy view states that the Bible is completely true, but that it is not specifically written with scientific and historical data in mind, but that when it makes assertions about those topics, those assertions are true.
3. Limited inerrancy states that the biblical writers were correct on all matters pertaining explicitly to faith, but that they were limited in regards to anything else, including historical events and scientific data.
4. And the most loose view of all, is that of inerrancy of purpose. It puts forth the opinion that the Bible is inerrant in its purpose to bring people to a saving knowledge in Jesus Christ, but that beyond this, it is more or less worthless.
As I see it, the third and fourth views on inerrancy are entirely wrong, and holding such opinions could be dangerous indeed. I believe that I fall somewhere in between the views of absolute and full inerrancy, as I believe that God would not let simple mathematical mistakes, for instance, be recorded in the scriptures needlessly. However, I would be leery of the assertion that the Bible can verify and make sense of all of the minutia that it contains. While it is possible that all of the minutia is correct, we may not have been provided with all the knowledge that we need at this time in history to determine how it is, in fact, proved correct.
How, then, did the Old Testament come down to us living in the 21st century? The Old Testament originally came from the Jews. It was, and still is, their holy book, their revelation from God, which is written down in the TaNaK in Hebrew, and was translated into Greek in the Septuagint. The Jewish oral tradition also passed down the view of our modern 39 books of the Old Testament, in a slightly merged form of 24. Josephus records that the Jews kept to a list of 22 holy books, which, in actual fact, equals the 39 books currently held in the protestant Old Testament. So, Christians carry the same general view of the Old Testament, but they also add the New Testament to it to make up what is called the Bible.
The TaNaK
The Jews called the Old Testament the TaNaK. They derived the name from the three different sections that it is made of. The first section is the law, which in Hebrew is "torah," thus the "T." Secondly, "the prophets" in Hebrew is ""nebi'im." The prophets are further divided into two subcategories: the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The "K" in "TaNaK" is "kethubim," which means "the writings." The writings are further divided into the three subcategories of poetry, the 5 megilloth (rolls), prophecy, and history. Included in all of these categories are the books that currently make up the protestant Old Testament, and this is the only version that I think is canonical.
The Biblical Canon
So how can I be so sure that these are the only books that are canonical? Well, firstly, these are the ones that were passed down through Jewish tradition, and are the ones included in the TaNaK. The fact that the Jews considered these books to be the Holy Scriptures for many hundreds of years is a very significant piece of evidence to support the view that these are, in fact, inspired. The Baba Bathra puts forth the view of 24 slightly merged books which equate to the 39 currently used.
Secondly, the original version of the Septuagint consisted of these books. Other books crept in further down the road, but there is significant evidence pointing to the fact that the Septuagint originally consisted of the books found in the TaNaK.
Thirdly, Josephus records the fact that the Jewish Scriptures consisted of 22 books, which is simply a list of the books in the TaNaK with a couple of the books merged together. In reality, he was listing all of the same books.
Also, the Jewish oral tradition only includes the books found in the TaNaK, and none of those found in the Apocrypha.
Fifthly and most importantly, Jesus Christ has made two references to what the accurate canon of the Bible consists of. One of the references appears in Luke 24:44 where He says "Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms." The Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms all refer to the three different sections of the TaNaK, thus giving those books credibility as the true canon. An even more blatant reference appears in both Matthew 23:35 and Luke 11:50-51. Matthew 23:35 reads: "And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar." Jesus is saying here that they will be responsible for all of the innocent people who were killed from Abel (Genesis) all the way through Zechariah (Chronicles, the last book of the TaNaK).
Now, there were many more righteous people killed during Maccabean period after Zechariah and before Christ came, but they were not held responsible for them. This is a direct reference to which books are truly canonical: The TaNaK, and not the Apocrypha, which was more or less written during the Maccabean period. In a nut shell, Jesus is saying that you will not be held responsible for those books! They are not revelation from God!
The Apocrypha
The Apocrypha started creeping into the Septuagint sometime before 400 AD, because the Christians at the time had very little contact with Jewish people. Some of them may had never even met a Jewish person, and so the Old Testament canon began to see some additions.
At first this may have been due to the fact that these books were included just as interesting reading, and as an aid in understanding the background of the times. However, they really started becoming considered part of the canon of the western church when St. Augustine forced Jerome to include them in his translation called the Latin Vulgate. Jerome did not want to include them, but as St. Augustine controlled the western church, he had little choice. The Latin Vulgate was the official version of the western church for over 1,000 years, and eventually there was a papal decree that made the Apocrypha a mandatory part of the Roman Catholic canon. So, there is nothing to lead me to believe that these books were the inspired word of God.
The books that make up the Old and New Testament canon were transmitted down to today's Christians in quite different fashions. The Old Testament was mainly transmitted via professional scribes who copied it. Many of the people of the time were not capable of reading and writing, so there were people specifically trained to copy the scriptures. These people were called scribes. This was their occupation, and as such they did a high quality, professional job. There were very stringent guidelines in place dictating how exactly the scribes were to go about copying the scriptures. For instance, they had to count all of the letters on a completed page, to verify that they had done an acceptable job. If they had more than three errors per page, they were required to start over. This ensured a very, very accurate transmission of the Old Testament down to current times.
On the other hand, the New Testament has had a much more convoluted transmission to modern times. No one is currently in possession of a copy of any of the New Testament autographs. However, many copies are still in existence. Unlike the Old Testament, the New Testament books were copied by many, many people creating over 5,400 currently in existence, which is many more than the number of Old Testament documents.
However, the fact that many different people were allowed to copy the documents created many more errors as they were copied and copied again. But, the fact that we have so many copies in existence negates this problem, as the scholars are able to compare all of the documents and get a very accurate idea of what the original autographs contained.
Now, there has to be a method of deciding which readings of the various texts are contradictions, and which were in the original autographs. This method is called "textual criticism." Textual criticism, as defined by the American Heritage Dictionary is "The study of manuscripts or printings to determine the original or most authoritative form of a text, especially of a piece of literature."
To do a textual criticism one must first look in a Greek New Testament for a passage that is debatable. Second, look at the footnote for the passage in question, and note the letter grade (A, B, C, D) that the editors provided on the reliability of the reading. Then, examine the different manuscripts listed for evidence for the provided reading and against the provided reading. Basically, one must compare the three different types of evidences: the actual manuscripts, the early church fathers, and the other early versions/translations.
The most authoritative by far are the actual copied Greek manuscripts that are still in existence. Those must be evaluated on which family of documents they came from (Alexandrian being the best, Western being second best, and Byzantine being the worst) and the age of the document (the older the better). After that, move on to the early church fathers and the other early versions/translations. That is a brief summary of textual criticism.
Textual Criticism Case Study
I did a short textual criticism of 1 Peter 5:14. The word "amen" was in question, and the provided reading omitted the word. I checked, and the reliability of the given rating was only a "C" on the A-D scale ("A" being the best). Either way it is read, the editors really are not completely certain. I checked the end of 2nd Peter, and it included the word "amen," but in brackets, to show that it also was in question.
Both the omit side and the add side had many documents from the Alexandrian family, and a couple from the Byzantine family. The dates on those documents ranged from the 4th century at the earliest all the way up until the 11th or 12th centuries at the latest. The division of dates was more or less equal for both sides of the argument. I arrived at the conclusion that it was difficult to tell which was the original reading in the autograph, but that if I had to choose one, I would probably choose to omit the "amen" (because that's what the editors did).
Textual criticism is crucial, because it can help us decide if the translators did an accurate job with the text. Now, there are many, many different translations, and some people have been known to present the view that because there are so many, it is impossible to know what the Bible truly says. That view is false!
Wycliffe and Tyndale
Due to the language that this paper is being written in, the development of the English translations are the ones that will be covered in detail. The first English translation was made by Wycliffe in 1380, and updated in 1388. Wycliffe faced a great deal of persecution during the making of his translation. The church wanted to keep power in the hands of the priests and keep the common people in the dark.
Tyndale faced many of the same problems that Wycliffe encountered. He wrote his first translation in 1526, and the second version in 1530. Tyndale is talked about much more frequently than Wycliffe due to two reasons: Wycliffe wrote in middle English, Tyndale wrote in modern English; and Wycliffe translated from the Latin Vulgate, Tyndale translated from the Hebrew and Greek. The main point of interest are the manuscripts that they translated from. Since Tyndale translated from the original languages, his version was significantly more authoritative. The text was only translated once instead of twice.
After the Tyndale Bible, there were three more versions that came in rapid succession: the Coverdale Bible, the Matthew Bible, and the Great Bible. It is believed that the head translators for the Coverdale and Matthew Bibles were contributing translators under Tyndale. Coverdale was very influential in creating many different translations of the Bible. The Great Bible was made on request of the king at that time, because he wanted a very big Bible. Just a little later in 1960, the Geneva Bible came out, and this translation became very, very popular. It was the main Bible of choice all the way up until the Authorized Version of 1611.
The King James Version and the Majority Text
The Authorized Version is known today as the King James Version of the Bible. At the time, the King James Version was a very good translation. It was the most commonly used Bible for almost 400 years, and as such, made a very huge impact on the Christian world.
Measured on today's standards, however, the KJV has one major flaw. The KJV was translated from what is called the "majority text," which is a small collection of 12 texts from the medieval era. Today, there are so many more manuscripts that have been discovered, many of them predating the medieval documents by many hundreds of years. The NKJV and KJII as well as the KJV still use the majority text to this day. To do so when there are so many manuscripts which are more authoritative is not a wise decision.
Versions Based on the Eclectic Text
The majority of the modern versions today use what is called the "eclectic text." The eclectic text is based on a greater number of manuscripts, most of which are significantly older than those used in the majority text. A popular example of an eclectic text is the USB Greek New Testament.
Several of the other popular examples of recent translations based on the eclectic text are the NASB and the NIV. I personally have grown up using the NIV, and it most definitely has its pros and cons. The version with the second highest sales (after the KJV), the NIV is an excellent version if you wish to read a Bible with language that flows really well and that can be used for study as well.
However, the NIV is what is called a dynamic equivalent. Unlike the KJV and the NASB, it is not translated word-for-word. The translators worked the version to make it flow better, and during that process, there are many instances of where the NIV is not very faithful to the literal understanding of the Greek text. The more time that I spend in Bible college, the more errors are becoming painfully obvious in the NIV.
Sometime in the near future I am going to invest in an NASB. The NASB is considered by many to be one of the most accurate literal translations of the Bible in existence today. The KJV is a very literal translation, but it is in a language that, ultimately, no longer exists, and is based on documents that are not as authoritative as those the NASB is translated from.
However, what the NASB gains in accuracy, it loses in flow. From the passages that I have read from it and what I have heard from others, in its extreme efforts to correctly mirror the original texts, it has become very choppy in the English.
So what translation is best? That is more-or-less a matter of personal opinion, but I personally am tending to think that owning both the NASB and the NIV (and possibly the Message) would be the best combination available; but to each his own.
In conclusion, this paper is not nearly an exhaustive look at the Bible. On the contrary, it hardly scratches the surface of whether or not the Bible can be trusted. However, the inerrancy of scriptures due to divine inspiration is a major argument in favor of Biblical trustworthiness.
There is an overwhelming amount of evidence to support the view of 39 books in the Old Testament canon, as are included in the Protestant Bible. Due to the processes that were involved, and the number of copies that have been uncovered, we can be quite certain that both the Old and New Testaments have been transmitted down to modern times in a very reliable fashion.
Due to the fact that textual criticism is no longer an absolute mystery, it is possible to determine with reasonable certainty whether or not the readings provided by modern translations do justice to the original documents.
Finally, the evolution of the current English versions leave us confident in the fact that today there are more accurate translations of the Bible in existence than in any other time in history. In actual fact, the Bible can indeed be trusted!
- The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible by Dr. Paul D. Wegner
- Lecture at Big Sky Bible Institute by Dr. Paul D. Wegner
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The letter outlines Toronto's infrastructure expectations given the province's rejection of tolls. Tory said the province has an "obligation" to help the city pay for the maintenance of both the Don Valley Parkway and the Gardiner Expressway, in addition to helping pay for new lines in the transit network, like the Yonge Relief Line.
Tory's budget recommendation included the approval of a new revenue tool — a levy on hotel and short-term accommodation. The city of Toronto needs legislative authority from the province in order to tax lodgings; however, it doesn't want this tool to interfere with the funding already given to Tourism Toronto. Tory is proposing a four per cent tax on hotels and short-term accommodations like airbnb.
In addition to a revenue tool, Tory has outlined a list of recommended items the province should fund, including $820 million to help rehabilitate the Gardiner Expressway, $3.36 billion for the transit network plan, $863 million for Toronto Community Housing, and $50 million for child care subsidies.
These recommendations follow a public exchange by Tory and Ontario Minister of Transportation, Steven Del Duca on Monday, in which Tory told the media the province was not acting like a "full partner" in their commitment to build transit. Tory stood at the Bloor – Yonge subway platform and said the province needed to come up with a plan to help contribute to the relief line and other transit projects. He suggested the province, as well as the federal government, each contribute 40 per cent of the funds for the project. Toronto would then pay for the remaining 20 per cent.
Del Duca responded with his own press statement, saying the Ontario government has "always been a strong partner with Toronto city council" and that they were "not going to play political games with transit." With words bolded and underlined, Del Duca mentioned the measly $150 million the provincial government has already pledged to the relief line and claimed to be a "stable provincial funding partner at the table" unlike the federal government.
The reality is that Toronto needs billions to develop its transit network — a network that will benefit residents throughout the GTHA as more people use public transportation instead of driving on already congested roadways. The refusal of the provincial government to allow Toronto to fund its own projects through revenue tools like tolls puts projects like the downtown relief line in jeopardy. Toronto's growth and development is, effectively, at the mercy of Queen's Park.
Tory understands this and is fighting back. He is trying to make it abundantly clear that if the province doesn't allow Toronto to explore and use its own revenue tools, then it has to step up to the plate and help pay for these important projects.
There are universal benefits to developing Toronto's transit network. It will help reduce carbon emissions as less people drive into the city. It will help connect the Greater Toronto Hamilton Area so that people can get from their home to work in a seamless manner. And it will help reduce congestion for those who have no choice but to use their car to get around.
Funding this network is a win-win scenario — and if the province is not going play politics with transit, they would see that.
The Ontario Green Party is working on a comprehensive revenue tool package that will help fund infrastructure and transit projects throughout the province. The package will include a plethora of options for drivers and transit users, including the use of tolls and congestion charges in addition to uploading the cost of maintaining and operating the Don Valley Parkway and the Gardiner Express back to the province.
According to Schreiner, the Green Party is willing to do something other political parties are not — explain honestly and openly what it will take to improve transit and quality of life in cities across Ontario.
As part of this plan, the Green Party is supporting dynamic tolling, where drivers are charged a larger cost for using certain roadways like the Gardiner and DVP during on-peak hours and less (or not at all) during off-peak hours. The hope is that this will encourage those who can use transit, to do so, and those who must drive, to carpool.
The money collected from these tolls would be dedicated to transit, ensuring that those who choose to use alternative modes of transportation are able to use a modern and well-maintained system. It's a win-win scenario — the challenge is to convince people the long-term benefits are worth the cost.
Grant says the problem with the current funding provided by both the provincial and federal governments to municipalities for infrastructures is that it only pays for the initial planning and construction of a transit project, but not to operate or maintain it. This results in poorer service and low ridership.
Another aspect of the Green Party's revenue plan is to upload the costs of operating and maintaining the DVP and Gardiner Expressway back to the province, something that was promised over 10 years ago. This would free up a couple billion dollars worth of funding the City of Toronto could use to build better transit infrastructure and maintain other roads within the city.
The key, both Schreiner and Grant say, is to actually listen to experts and communicate that information honestly to the public, without political agenda.
The Green Party will discuss their platform and comprehensive revenue package in May in preparation for the 2018 election.
My grandfather was a paratrooper during the Second World War. He never spoke to us about his experiences—and, frankly, we never asked. I was too young to understand what he had gone through. I never really knew he was in the military until he passed away and I met some of his colleagues at the funeral.
That's why it was refreshing to see so many young faces at this year's Remembrance Day ceremony.
Queen's Park was crowded with young students and families with their children. Most were wearing black overcoats and the bright red of their poppy pins could be seen despite the drizzling rain. There were no whispers among this crowd; no snickers or horseplay. It was the most silent and respectful crowd I've seen in a while. The exception was the young girl behind me, who was quietly explaining what was happening for three international University of Toronto students who decided to attend the ceremony. Why? They wanted to learn more about Canadian culture and heritage.
These ceremonies are meant to give us time to remember the past—the men and women who served our country both at home and abroad, who died to protect our freedom and our way of life. But, maybe it can do more. Maybe, it can help us look into the future.
I spent a few minutes after the ceremony speaking with groups of students, most of whom weren't native to this country. They were all fascinated by the ceremony, and all could relate to this idea of "remembrance." Some came from war-torn countries, others from Europe, South America, or Asia. One young man was from Japan, and he spoke of the atomic bomb. He felt compelled to come to Queen's Park and listen to the words spoken by our politicians and military leaders.
And really, what better place to learn about what it means to be Canadian? Our military forces—at least our current military forces—are so diverse. There were men, women, and people of various ethnic and religious values, all marching together as one unit. That's Canada.
When I decided to write a piece about Remembrance Day for Women's Post, I automatically thought of the women in service. I think Brigadier-General Lowell Thomson, Commander 4th Canadian Division, said it best when he gave homage to his military upbringing. He said his father was a long-time soldier, but then went on to say that he was the son of a woman who had served "during a time when her service wasn't recognized." That's when I noticed there were very few women in uniform sitting in the crowds. About 600 WWII veterans die a day around the world, so this isn't surprising. Perhaps most of them ventured to Ottawa to partake in their larger ceremony by the War Memorial. I have to admit, I was a little disappointed. As Managing Editor of Women's Post, I was hoping to speak with them and share their stories.
Instead, looking around the crowds, I noticed the number of young women taking part in the ceremony, specifically a young girl who was leading the cadets through the parade. She was independent, kind, commanding and strong. "If you feel cold, wiggle your toes and fingers. If you feel sick, let me know," she said slowly while her fellow cadets looked at her nervously. Throughout the ceremony, she addressed her group, told them to stand tall, proud, and smiled when appropriate. She was the prime example of the type of woman younger girls could look up to.
I didn't understand what Remembrance Day meant until I was a teenager. And even then, I feel like it was my circumstance—the death of a loved one—that suddenly gave me the desire to remember all of those who gave their lives in service. These young people, the cadets, students (international or Canadian native), and children who attended today's ceremony, are all ahead of the game. I can only hope they truly take away the meaning of remembrance. Just because the WWII veterans are fading, doesn't mean their memories should be lost. There will always be war or conflict—it's the nature of human beings and the sad reality of living in a world where people don't always agree. But, if we forget where it all began, if we ignore our own history and heritage, there is no way to understand how OUR Canada was shaped. And that understanding is crucial to the future of not only this country, but the world.
And that's worth a minute of silence, don't you think?


This unit allows you to solve discipline specific real world problems and effectively communicate processes and solutions within the context of your professional practice. You will be equipped with applied research knowledge and skills. As a contemporary Project Manager, this unit will guide you to gather the best available evidence to make informed decisions, solve problems, establish best practice as well as innovate and develop within your project.