text:
struct FPolySeg;
struct FMiniBSP;

struct FEventInfo
{
	int Vertex;
	DWORD FrontSeg;
};

struct FEvent
{
	FEvent *Parent, *Left, *Right;
	double Distance;
	FEventInfo Info;
};

class FEventTree
{
public:
	FEventTree ();
	~FEventTree ();

	FEvent *GetMinimum ();
	FEvent *GetSuccessor (FEvent *event) const { FEvent *node = Successor(event); return node == &Nil ? NULL : node; }
	FEvent *GetPredecessor (FEvent *event) const { FEvent *node = Predecessor(event); return node == &Nil ? NULL : node; }

	FEvent *GetNewNode ();
	void Insert (FEvent *event);
	FEvent *FindEvent (double distance) const;
	void DeleteAll ();

	void PrintTree () const { PrintTree (Root); }

private:
	FEvent Nil;
	FEvent *Root;
	FEvent *Spare;

	void DeletionTraverser (FEvent *event);
	FEvent *Successor (FEvent *event) const;
	FEvent *Predecessor (FEvent *event) const;

	void PrintTree (const FEvent *event) const;
};

struct FSimpleVert
{
	fixed_t x, y;
};

extern "C"
{
	int ClassifyLine2 (node_t &node, const FSimpleVert *v1, const FSimpleVert *v2, int sidev[2]);
#ifndef DISABLE_SSE
	int ClassifyLineSSE1 (node_t &node, const FSimpleVert *v1, const FSimpleVert *v2, int sidev[2]);
	int ClassifyLineSSE2 (node_t &node, const FSimpleVert *v1, const FSimpleVert *v2, int sidev[2]);
#ifdef BACKPATCH
#ifdef __GNUC__
	int ClassifyLineBackpatch (node_t &node, const FSimpleVert *v1, const FSimpleVert *v2, int sidev[2]) __attribute__((noinline));
#else
	int __declspec(noinline) ClassifyLineBackpatch (node_t &node, const FSimpleVert *v1, const FSimpleVert *v2, int sidev[2]);
#endif
#endif
#endif
}

class FNodeBuilder
{
	struct FPrivSeg
	{
		int v1, v2;
		int sidedef;
		int linedef;
		sector_t *frontsector;
		sector_t *backsector;
		DWORD next;
		DWORD nextforvert;
		DWORD nextforvert2;
		int loopnum;		// loop number for split avoidance (0 means splitting is okay)
		DWORD partner;		// seg on back side
		DWORD storedseg;	// seg # in the GL_SEGS lump

		int planenum;
		bool planefront;
		FPrivSeg *hashnext;
	};
	struct FPrivVert : FSimpleVert
	{
		DWORD segs;		// segs that use this vertex as v1
		DWORD segs2;	// segs that use this vertex as v2

		bool operator== (const FPrivVert &other)
		{
			return x == other.x && y == other.y;
		}
	};
	struct FSimpleLine
	{
		fixed_t x, y, dx, dy;
	};
	union USegPtr
	{
		DWORD SegNum;
		FPrivSeg *SegPtr;
	};
	struct FSplitSharer
	{
		double Distance;
		DWORD Seg;
		bool Forward;
	};

	struct glseg_t : public seg_t
	{
		DWORD Partner;
	};

	// Like a blockmap, but for vertices instead of lines
	class IVertexMap
	{
	public:
		virtual ~IVertexMap();
		virtual int SelectVertexExact(FPrivVert &vert) = 0;
		virtual int SelectVertexClose(FPrivVert &vert) = 0;
	private:
		IVertexMap &operator=(const IVertexMap &);
	};

	class FVertexMap : public IVertexMap
	{
	public:
		FVertexMap (FNodeBuilder &builder, fixed_t minx, fixed_t miny, fixed_t maxx, fixed_t maxy);
		~FVertexMap ();

		int SelectVertexExact (FPrivVert &vert);
		int SelectVertexClose (FPrivVert &vert);

	private:
		FNodeBuilder &MyBuilder;
		TArray<int> *VertexGrid;

		fixed_t MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY;
		int BlocksWide, BlocksTall;

		enum { BLOCK_SHIFT = 8 + FRACBITS };
		enum { BLOCK_SIZE = 1 << BLOCK_SHIFT };

		int InsertVertex (FPrivVert &vert);
		inline int GetBlock (fixed_t x, fixed_t y)
		{
			assert (x >= MinX);
			assert (y >= MinY);
			assert (x <= MaxX);
			assert (y <= MaxY);
			return (unsigned(x - MinX) >> BLOCK_SHIFT) + (unsigned(y - MinY) >> BLOCK_SHIFT) * BlocksWide;
		}
	};

	class FVertexMapSimple : public IVertexMap
	{
	public:
		FVertexMapSimple(FNodeBuilder &builder);

		int SelectVertexExact(FPrivVert &vert);
		int SelectVertexClose(FPrivVert &vert);
	private:
		int InsertVertex(FPrivVert &vert);

		FNodeBuilder &MyBuilder;
	};

	friend class FVertexMap;
	friend class FVertexMapSimple;

public:
	struct FLevel
	{
		vertex_t *Vertices;		int NumVertices;
		side_t *Sides;			int NumSides;
		line_t *Lines;			int NumLines;

		fixed_t MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY;

		void FindMapBounds();
		void ResetMapBounds()
		{
			MinX = FIXED_MAX;
			MinY = FIXED_MAX;
			MaxX = FIXED_MIN;
			MaxY = FIXED_MIN;
		}
	};

	struct FPolyStart
	{
		int polynum;
		fixed_t x, y;
	};

	FNodeBuilder (FLevel &level);
	FNodeBuilder (FLevel &level,
		TArray<FPolyStart> &polyspots, TArray<FPolyStart> &anchors,
		bool makeGLNodes);
	~FNodeBuilder ();

	void Extract (node_t *&nodes, int &nodeCount,
		seg_t *&segs, glsegextra_t *&glsegextras, int &segCount,
		subsector_t *&ssecs, int &subCount,
		vertex_t *&verts, int &vertCount);
	const int *GetOldVertexTable();

	// These are used for building sub-BSP trees for polyobjects.
	void Clear();
	void AddPolySegs(FPolySeg *segs, int numsegs);
	void AddSegs(seg_t *segs, int numsegs);
	void BuildMini(bool makeGLNodes);
	void ExtractMini(FMiniBSP *bsp);

	static angle_t PointToAngle (fixed_t dx, fixed_t dy);

	//  < 0 : in front of line
	// == 0 : on line
	//  > 0 : behind line

	static inline int PointOnSide (int x, int y, int x1, int y1, int dx, int dy);

private:
	IVertexMap *VertexMap;
	int *OldVertexTable;

	TArray<node_t> Nodes;
	TArray<subsector_t> Subsectors;
	TArray<DWORD> SubsectorSets;
	TArray<FPrivSeg> Segs;
	TArray<FPrivVert> Vertices;
	TArray<USegPtr> SegList;
	TArray<BYTE> PlaneChecked;
	TArray<FSimpleLine> Planes;

	TArray<int> Touched;	// Loops a splitter touches on a vertex
	TArray<int> Colinear;	// Loops with edges colinear to a splitter
	FEventTree Events;		// Vertices intersected by the current splitter

	TArray<FSplitSharer> SplitSharers;	// Segs colinear with the current splitter

	DWORD HackSeg;			// Seg to force to back of splitter
	DWORD HackMate;			// Seg to use in front of hack seg
	FLevel &Level;
	bool GLNodes;			// Add minisegs to make GL nodes?

	// Progress meter stuff
	int SegsStuffed;

	void FindUsedVertices (vertex_t *vertices, int max);
	void BuildTree ();
	void MakeSegsFromSides ();
	int CreateSeg (int linenum, int sidenum);
	void GroupSegPlanes ();
	void GroupSegPlanesSimple ();
	void FindPolyContainers (TArray<FPolyStart> &spots, TArray<FPolyStart> &anchors);
	bool GetPolyExtents (int polynum, fixed_t bbox[4]);
	int MarkLoop (DWORD firstseg, int loopnum);
	void AddSegToBBox (fixed_t bbox[4], const FPrivSeg *seg);
	int CreateNode (DWORD set, unsigned int count, fixed_t bbox[4]);
	int CreateSubsector (DWORD set, fixed_t bbox[4]);
	void CreateSubsectorsForReal ();
	bool CheckSubsector (DWORD set, node_t &node, DWORD &splitseg);
	bool CheckSubsectorOverlappingSegs (DWORD set, node_t &node, DWORD &splitseg);
	bool ShoveSegBehind (DWORD set, node_t &node, DWORD seg, DWORD mate);	int SelectSplitter (DWORD set, node_t &node, DWORD &splitseg, int step, bool nosplit);
	void SplitSegs (DWORD set, node_t &node, DWORD splitseg, DWORD &outset0, DWORD &outset1, unsigned int &count0, unsigned int &count1);
	DWORD SplitSeg (DWORD segnum, int splitvert, int v1InFront);
	int Heuristic (node_t &node, DWORD set, bool honorNoSplit);

	// Returns:
	//	0 = seg is in front
	//  1 = seg is in back
	// -1 = seg cuts the node

	inline int ClassifyLine (node_t &node, const FPrivVert *v1, const FPrivVert *v2, int sidev[2]);

	void FixSplitSharers (const node_t &node);
	double AddIntersection (const node_t &node, int vertex);
	void AddMinisegs (const node_t &node, DWORD splitseg, DWORD &fset, DWORD &rset);
	DWORD CheckLoopStart (fixed_t dx, fixed_t dy, int vertex1, int vertex2);
	DWORD CheckLoopEnd (fixed_t dx, fixed_t dy, int vertex2);
	void RemoveSegFromVert1 (DWORD segnum, int vertnum);
	void RemoveSegFromVert2 (DWORD segnum, int vertnum);
	DWORD AddMiniseg (int v1, int v2, DWORD partner, DWORD seg1, DWORD splitseg);
	void SetNodeFromSeg (node_t &node, const FPrivSeg *pseg) const;

	int CloseSubsector (TArray<glseg_t> &segs, int subsector, vertex_t *outVerts);
	DWORD PushGLSeg (TArray<glseg_t> &segs, const FPrivSeg *seg, vertex_t *outVerts);
	void PushConnectingGLSeg (int subsector, TArray<glseg_t> &segs, vertex_t *v1, vertex_t *v2);
	int OutputDegenerateSubsector (TArray<glseg_t> &segs, int subsector, bool bForward, double lastdot, FPrivSeg *&prev, vertex_t *outVerts);

	static int STACK_ARGS SortSegs (const void *a, const void *b);

	double InterceptVector (const node_t &splitter, const FPrivSeg &seg);

	void PrintSet (int l, DWORD set);

	FNodeBuilder &operator= (const FNodeBuilder &) { return *this; }
};

// Points within this distance of a line will be considered on the line.
// Units are in fixed_ts.
const double SIDE_EPSILON = 6.5536;

// Vertices within this distance of each other will be considered as the same vertex.
#define VERTEX_EPSILON	6		// This is a fixed_t value

inline int FNodeBuilder::PointOnSide (int x, int y, int x1, int y1, int dx, int dy)
{
	// For most cases, a simple dot product is enough.
	double d_dx = double(dx);
	double d_dy = double(dy);
	double d_x = double(x);
	double d_y = double(y);
	double d_x1 = double(x1);
	double d_y1 = double(y1);

	double s_num = (d_y1-d_y)*d_dx - (d_x1-d_x)*d_dy;

	if (fabs(s_num) < 17179869184.f)	// 4<<32
	{
		// Either the point is very near the line, or the segment defining
		// the line is very short: Do a more expensive test to determine
		// just how far from the line the point is.
		double l = d_dx*d_dx + d_dy*d_dy;		// double l = sqrt(d_dx*d_dx+d_dy*d_dy);
		double dist = s_num * s_num / l;		// double dist = fabs(s_num)/l;
		if (dist < SIDE_EPSILON*SIDE_EPSILON)	// if (dist < SIDE_EPSILON)
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return s_num > 0.0 ? -1 : 1;
}

inline int FNodeBuilder::ClassifyLine (node_t &node, const FPrivVert *v1, const FPrivVert *v2, int sidev[2])
{
#ifdef DISABLE_SSE
	return ClassifyLine2 (node, v1, v2, sidev);
#else
#if defined(__SSE2__) || defined(_M_X64)
	// If compiling with SSE2 support everywhere, just use the SSE2 version.
	return ClassifyLineSSE2 (node, v1, v2, sidev);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
	// VC 6 does not support SSE optimizations.
	return ClassifyLine2 (node, v1, v2, sidev);
#else
	// Select the routine based on our flag.
#ifdef BACKPATCH
	return ClassifyLineBackpatch (node, v1, v2, sidev);
#else
	if (CPU.bSSE2)
		return ClassifyLineSSE2 (node, v1, v2, sidev);
	else
		return ClassifyLine2 (node, v1, v2, sidev);
#endif
#endif
#endif
}


Mud baths, mud masks and Mud Day; it's time to get dirty.
Check out this week's ten must-see Instagram photographs.
The girl who decided to spend her 21st birthday serving the young.
Get to know the YouTube sensation, Sibu Mpanza, who is making leaps in his career after winning the Social Star presenter search competition in 2015.
This explosively talented collective consists of some of Cape Town's hottest rappers and producers, namely Camo, Loyiso, Uni July, AK, J1, M'tunez-i and Simmysimmyanya. With their EP about to drop, this group is about to take the music industry by storm.
Check out last month's top ten performing @capetownmag Insta pics.
Experience serenity and tranquility within the hustle and bustle of Cape Town's CBD at this intimate boutique hotel.
Your complete guide to figuring out Cape Town's informal minibus taxi network.
Speak the lingo your lover knows best with these wintery date plans.
Calling all bru's, china's, boets and visitors of Mzansi! It's Africa Day and we're unpacking our favourite South African slang phrases and words to celebrate our special part of Africa.
Meet Loren Langenhoven, fashionista, stylist and author of the fashion blog, StyleByLoren. She plans on taking South Africa's fashion world by storm.
Fill your tummies with these yummies!
Meet Jade and Shad Isaacs, also known as Twinzspin. This explosive Cape Town-born dynamic DJ duo have music in their blood and the skills to prove it! They're good looking, super talented and extremely business minded. As co-founders of the Kue DJ Academy these 21-year-old DJ prodigies, are on the fast track to becoming masters of their craft.
The gloomy weather does not have to limit your activity. Get ideas on what you can do to get through this winter season.
Get clued up on how you can stay fit and healthy during the rainy season.
The story of the student who used her pocket money to change the lives of disadvantaged young girls.
Get to know the author and the genius behind Tiger Bay the Musical making its world debut at the Artscape Opera House. It will run from the 20 - 27 May 2017. Make sure you get your tickets and embark on this musical journey of love, reconciliation and courage.
Eclectic soul singer and songwriter Nicole Davy, better known as Boskasie, is inspired by the nostalgic sounds of Cape Jazz, ever-present throughout her childhood. She hopes to make the world a better place with her sentimental melodies and earnest lyrics.
Get to know the guy who can hook you up with the freshest pair of kicks, Zaid Osman. The notable sneaker collector and founder of Sneaker Exchange, one of Africa's largest sneaker trading events, applied his knowledge of the US (where he spent his formative years growing up) sneaker culture to promote a movement that is sometimes misunderstood by many.
The boy who stole the hearts of a community with a single jump.
Meet Salaam Keyser, a photographer on a journey of telling stories of life, with light. He captured the profound image dubbed 'Mercy' and bagged himself the title of overall winner in the Amplify ImageQuest project. We delve into the heart of the man behind the lens.
Have a look at these world-famous videos featuring our spectacular city.
She's anything but boring; Meg Sproat, takes us on a journey through exciting discoveries via her blog and vlog, Boring Cape Town Chick. The social media executive loves what she does, she also wants to bring people together and be remembered as someone who progressed the culture of blogging.


Have a nice Independence Day, Everyone!
Hi @jclovesyou, I am really sorry for the frustration not receiving double tickets has caused. Unfortunately there was an error made and double tickets will be offered on all games only on Fridays.


Katie Henry is an award-winning songwriter, musician, performer, and teacher based in Northern California. She grew up singing in Alaska with her father, performed for years in the Pacific Northwest as a singer-songwriter, and spent some time playing music in Chicago while starting a family and working in a genetics research lab. Katie founded Laughing Tree Music in 2000 while living in Vermont and New Hampshire, and continues to perform and teach with gusto in Northern California today.
In 2004, Katie moved to California with her two children and husband, Petr Janata, who studies music cognition at UC Davis' Center for Mind and Brain. Katie quickly melded into the Davis music scene, and together with Laura Sandage and Ray Frank formed the delightful trio MudLark. Their debut CD, Nest, and live performances captivate audiences with poignant lyrics, inspiring vocal harmonies, and impeccable musicianship. MudLark produces a house concert series in Davis, and has shared the stage with a growing list of traveling folkies includging Bryan Bowers, Joe Hickerson, Cindy Kallett and Grey Larsen, Buddy Tabor, Priscilla Herdman, Kim Barlow, and local heroes Rita Hosking and Cousin Jack.
In other recent musical projects, Katie perfomed for two seasons with the OK Chorale, has often played the chirp for Davis folk-rock favorite, Hardwater and is a member of The Vocal Art Ensemble, a 23-voice a capella choir directed by Tracia Barbieri that "presents exquisite evenings of music, ranging from the elegant beauty of Renaissance motets to the compelling excitement of modern choral works." The VAE had tow sparkling international tours, first of Ireland in September of 2010 that culminated in Saint Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, and most recently of England and Scotland in May of 2014. May of 2015 will see the group touring closer to home, focusing on the Napa Valley region next door. As a teacher, she is actively involved with Education Through Music (ETM), and has incorporated many ETM principles of musical play into her teaching at the Peregrine Project. She also has a second solo recording project of new songs in the works at Studio E in Sebastapol, California.
Laughing Tree Music is Katie's teaching and performance business, with the goal of encouraging joyful primary musical development in children and their families through hands-on musical experience and play. On the east coast, Katie conducted musical playgroups and family music workshops, and worked as a registered Music Together teacher for Green Mountain Family Music. She facilitated children's fundamental music education at preschools, early childhood programs, parent-child centers and libraries throughout the Upper Connecticut River Valley. She also taught private guitar, banjo, and voice lessons to children and adults.
Since moving to California, Katie has focused on studying and teaching music using the song experience games of and process of Education Through Music with children ages 0-14 in Davis schools, the Davis Art Center, and the Richards Institute of Education and Research. In 2008, Katie finished an education masters degree at Sacramento State University in curriculum and instruction, with an emphasis in arts in education. She is fascinated with the powerful role play has in learning.
As a musician, looking back, Katie has performed in many of the Pacific Northwest's most respected venues as a solo act and with a variety of musical groups, including the four-woman-songwriter band, Babes With Axes. A longtime favorite of the Alaska Folk Festival and the Oregon Country Fair, Katie has opened shows for many popular contemporary folk musicians, including Greg Brown, Ani DiFranco, and Dan Hicks. Her many-textured voice, powerful rhythmic finger picking style, claw hammer banjo, and spunky, impressionistic songs earned her a place in the late '90's as "one of the most popular folk singers in Oregon's Willamette Valley" and throughout the Pacific Northwest (Northwest Independent News).
Katie's first solo CD, Bears in the City, was deemed by KLCC in Eugene to be one of the finest new acoustic recordings to be released out of the Northwest in 1995, and receives continued national airplay from Boston to California. Her "highly poetic songs captivate the listener and take them on a remarkable journey of discovery" (Sing Out!, 1997). Katie's music is included on various compilation recordings, including Wounded Dove (2007), Highlights of the Fairbanks Folk Festival ('91 and '92) and Eugene Folk. She appears on many other artists' recordings, and has collaborated with many fine musicians and songwriters, including Joanne Rand and the Little Big Band, Laura Kemp, T.R. Kelley, Peter Wilde, Lea Jones, Buddy Tabor, Laura Sandage, and Hardwater. Babes With Axes also released two critically acclaimed live CDs, W.O.W. Live Babes! (1995) and Live Axe! (1997), which also receive continued airplay across the country.
Check out the Calendar on this site for upcoming and recent gigs!


text:
Q: javax.servlet.ServletException: WFLYWELD0044: Error injecting resource into CDI managed bean. Can't find a resource named . . the error is occurring in a WildFly 10 container.
The whole error looks like:
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: env/com.maggioni.Bean.InfoBean/infoCreator -- service jboss.naming.context.java.module.B77.EJBStatefulBean-Bidder-Demo-web.env."com.maggioni.Bean.InfoBean".infoCreator
at org.jboss.as.naming.ServiceBasedNamingStore.lookup(ServiceBasedNamingStore.java:106)
a...

[0m[31m13:45:26,716 ERROR [io.undertow.request] (default task-8) UT005023: Exception handling request to /web/infobean.jsf: javax.servlet.ServletException: WFLYWELD0044: Error injecting resource into CDI managed bean. Can't find a resource named java:comp/env/com.maggioni.Bean.InfoBean/infoCreator

The Infobean.jsf ist injecting a EJB like following:
@Named("infobean")
@SessionScoped
public class InfoBean implements Serializable{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @EJB
    private InfoCreator infoCreator;

    public String getInfo() {
        return infoCreator.getInfo();
    }
}

and the EJB Infocreator looks like
@Stateful
public class InfoCreator implements InfoInterface{

    @Override
    public String getInfo() {
       return "Info";
    }
}

let me know if you want to know more details, I'm not really very sure what need to be posted here.
The GitHub repository is here

A: First of all, why are you trying to inject a stateful EJB into your CDI bean?
Given the code that you posted I don't see any reason to use an EJB (even less for a stateful one).
Simply remove the @Stateful annotation and inject it like this:
@Named("infobean")
@SessionScoped
public class InfoBean implements Serializable{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Inject
    private InfoCreator infoCreator;

    public String getInfo() {
        return infoCreator.getInfo();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Question on injective envelopes Let $A$ be an Artin algebra and let $\text{mod}(A)$ denote the category of finitely generated left $A$-modules.

Let $S$ be a simple module in $\text{mod}(A)$ and let $\iota_S: S \rightarrow I(S)$ be the injective envelope of $S$. Then  the natural epimorphism $p: I(S) \rightarrow I(S)/\text{Im}(\iota_S)$ is irreducible.

Unfortunately I have no idea how to prove this. Can anybody help?

A: Suppose not. Then $p$ factors as
$$I(S)\xrightarrow{s}X\xrightarrow{t}I(S)/\operatorname{Im}(\iota_S),$$
where $s$ is not a split monomorphism.
Since $I(S)$ is injective, $s$ can not be a monomorphism, or it would be a split monomorphism. Since $\operatorname{Im}(\iota_S)$ is the unique simple submodule of $I(S)$, it must be contained in the kernel of $s$, and so $s$ factors through $p$: say $s=rp$ for some $r:I(S)/\operatorname{Im}(\iota_S)\to X$. So $p=ts=trp$, and so $tr$ is the identity map of $I(S)/\operatorname{Im}(\iota_S)$, since $p$ is surjective.
So $t$ is a split epimorphism.


State-of-the-art Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center to open in 2018 on 36-acre site in Manitowoc County along Interstate 43.
NEWTON - A state-of-the-art agricultural education center slated to open in Manitowoc County in 2018 will be known as the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center.
The Wisconsin Agricultural Education Center Board of Directors announced the name Monday and unveiled a logo for the center.
Although the center will be known to visitors as the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center, it will retain the WAEC name as its internal, legal name, a press release said.
Ground was broken on the center's future 36-acre site near Newton in October 2016 and construction on the site began this past spring. The site is along Interstate 43 and County C in Manitowoc County. Progress on construction can be viewed at https://app.oxblue.com/open/Bayland/WisconsinAGCenter.
Connie Loden, WAEC Marketing Committee chairman and senior project manager at New North, Inc., said the new name for the center is designed to make it more inviting to visitors.
"The Board of Directors always knew the center needed a stronger, market-friendly brand that would be easy to say and to remember," Loden said. "The board diligently conducted market studies to ensure the new name's viability. Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center far surpassed all other proposed names with consumers."
Visitors to the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center will be able to connect to Wisconsin's dairy and agricultural industry by better understanding where their food comes from and why agriculture is important to them.
The center will feature hands-on learning opportunities through displays and an opportunity to tour a local farm to learn about Wisconsin's rich farm history.
A highlight for visitors will be the chance to view the birth of calves at the Land O'Lakes Birthing Barn.
WAEC said 93 percent of its $13 million capital campaign goal has been reached, and contributions are still being accepted. Gifts can be made by visiting the campaign website at www.BuildWAEC.org. Special recognition opportunities are available.
For more about the center, contact Melissa Bender, director of education and programming, at 920-693-1372 or Melissa.bender@gotoltc.edu.


Thank you to Minnesota State University, Mankato's Organizational Effectiveness Research Group (OERG) for their assistance in collecting and analyzing the feedback collected from the spring 2015 Gallery Walks.
On online repository of all feedback collected will be available later this summer.
Thank you to everyone who attended a Gallery Walk and provided feedback.


text:
After Ten Months, Will Congress Finally Be Forced to Debate the War on ISIS?
For first time since US air war on ISIS began ten months ago, lawmakers push legislation calling for withdrawal of military forces
Sarah Lazare, staff writer
President Barack Obama speaks to a joint session of Congress. (Photo: White House/Public Domain)
A small group of bipartisan congressional lawmakers on Thursday introduced legislation calling for the withdrawal of the U.S. military from Iraq and Syria, in a surprise move that could, for the first time, force a real debate on the 10-month-old war on ISIS.
Reps. Jim McGovern (D-Mass.), Walter Jones (R-N.C.), and Barbara Lee (D-Calif.) invoked the War Powers Resolution when introducing the legislation, which directs President Barack Obama "to remove United States Armed Forces deployed to Iraq or Syria on or after August 7, 2014" within 30 days or by the end of the year.
Upon bringing the bill to the House floor, McGovern rebuked Congress as "the poster child for cowardice."
"This House appears to have no problem sending our uniformed men and women into harm's way," he said. "It appears to have no problem spending billions of dollars for the arms, equipment and airpower to carry out these wars. But it just can't bring itself to step up to the plate and take responsibility for these wars."
We Interrupt This Article with an Urgent Message!
Common Dreams is a not-for-profit organization. We fund our news team by pooling together many small contributions from our readers. No advertising. No selling our readers' information. No reliance on big donations from the 1%. This allows us to maintain the editorial independence that our readers rely on. But this media model only works if enough readers pitch in.
We urgently need your help today.
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Thanks to the proposed legislation, lawmakers might not be able to avoid debate on the war forever—or even for the rest of June.
As Huffington Post reporter Jennifer Bendery explains, now that McGovern introduced the legislation, "he has to wait 15 calendar days for the House Foreign Affairs Committee to act, and if it does nothing, and if House leaders do nothing, the resolution automatically heads to the House floor and anyone can bring it up for a debate."
Obama has so far waged the war without any congressional authorization under the widely contested claim that his authority to do so is covered by the expansively interpreted 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force, passed in the wake of the September 11th attacks.
After his February request for broad war-making powers in the war on ISIS floundered in Congress, Obama continued to claim authority, and lawmakers appeared unwilling to challenge this.
This silence has been accompanied by the Pentagon's repeated refusal to disclose basic information about the war, including who has been killed in the more than 4,000 U.S. coalition air bombardments. Despite numerous reports of civilian killings in Iraq and Syria, the Pentagon has only admitted to "likely" killing two children in Syria, and that admission came six months after the deadly attack.
For analysts and organizers who hold there is no U.S. military solution to ISIS, the announcement came as a welcome change from the congressional silence on the military campaign, despite the war's ever-broadening scope.
Phyllis Bennis, senior fellow at Institute for Policy Studies, told Common Dreams that, even though the legislation is unlikely to pass, "having these kinds of resolutions on the table is crucial to make it clear that there is no 'speaking with one voice' to support the president and support these wars. The U.S. is not united behind these wars, and other members of Congress ignore this at their peril."
Stephen Miles of advocacy organization Win Without War told Common Dreams that, given the scale of destruction and loss, Congress's avoidance of debate is morally unacceptable. "If Members of Congress don't want to take a position on this war, they have no right to ask anyone to risk their lives for it," he said.
Iraq, Syria, War on Terror, US Congress, Barbara Lee, Phyllis Bennis, Barack Obama

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Toronto Island Portfolio: The Islands have a rich history beginning with the indigenous peoples now known as the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation, for whom the Island had spiritual and hunting importance. European settlers used the Island for leisure, fishing and hunting and, by the 1870s, for cottaging. Today, the Islands consist of an almost car-free community of 750 people surrounded the largest green space in the city and located less than one mile from downtown Toronto. Like most urban parks, the parkland on the Islands was constructed as a stylized wilderness environment for public use. These images have been taken over many years as an ongoing project documenting the history and stewardship of a landscape in flux. My work reflects the natural world, through which I hope to transport the viewer to a place they may have been and which may be familiar. I do this through long-term observations and renewed engagement with my subjects. Limited edition of three, 22" x 12" and 42" x 22".
The artist would like to acknowledges the traditional territory of many nations including the Mississaugas of the Credit, the Anishnabeg, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee, now the home to many diverse First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. of the Anishinaabe. In particularly I would like to thank the Wendat for sharing this island know as Menecing where I work and live.


text:
Chattanooga »
WYHB TV 44
WYHB-CA is a low-power Class A television station in Chattanooga, Tennessee, broadcasting on local digital UHF channel 39 and virtual channel 44. Founded in 1988, ... See more it is owned by Ying Hua Benns. WYHB is an independent community station, affiliated with America One, which airs primarily international sports programming in prime time, reruns and syndicated programming during the day. In addition to its America One programs, WYHB airs local public affairs programs, local newscasts, and local church shows. It previously aired programs from UATV and UPN.
1 tune ins WYHB-CA
Chattanooga - Tennessee, United States
Visit the Station's website
wyhbtv44@gmail.com
Get the live Station Widget
Streema Mobile
We've developed a mobile website for iOS (iPhone, iPad, iPod) and Android devices. Native apps coming soon!
You can check it out by visiting our mobile station site from your phone or tablet's mobile browser - it's free, no download required.
For more information go to our Mobile Support .
See this page in French: Ecouter WYHB TV 44 en ligne
See this page in German: Hören WYHB TV 44 online
See this page in Portuguese: Reproduzir WYHB TV 44 ao vivo
See this page in Spanish: Escuchar WYHB TV 44 en vivo


text:
Q: ByteBuddy does not intercept public method I am trying to create a deep copy of method arguments using the ByteBuddy agent (this is handy for using ArgumentCaptor of Mockito where the reference to the object is not enough and a deep copy is desired). It works for the private method of the target class but not the public one. The lib I have tested with is version 1.11.19.
Here is the MRE where testPrivate() passes but testPublic() fails. The only difference is the access modifier of the wrapped method in the Print class.
Am I missing something in setting up the agent?
import net.bytebuddy.agent.ByteBuddyAgent;
import net.bytebuddy.agent.builder.AgentBuilder;
import net.bytebuddy.implementation.MethodDelegation;
import net.bytebuddy.implementation.bind.annotation.*;
import net.bytebuddy.matcher.ElementMatchers;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.internal.verification.VerificationModeFactory.times;

public class ByteBuddyTest {

    public static class CopyInterceptor {
        @RuntimeType
        public static Object intercept(
            @AllArguments Object[] allArguments,
            @SuperMethod Method superMethod,
            @Origin Method method,
            @SuperCall Callable<?> callable,
            @This Object self
        ) throws Exception {
            if (allArguments.length == 1 && allArguments[0] instanceof Person person) {
                var copiedPerson = new Person(person.getAge());
                allArguments[0] = copiedPerson;
            }
            return superMethod.invoke(self, allArguments);
        }
    }

    void initAgent() {
        ByteBuddyAgent.install();
        new AgentBuilder.Default()
            .type(ElementMatchers.nameEndsWith("Print"))
            .transform((builder, type, classLoader, module, protectionDomain) ->
                builder
                    .method(ElementMatchers.any())
                    .intercept(MethodDelegation.to(CopyInterceptor.class))
            ).installOnByteBuddyAgent();
    }

    @Test
    void testPrivate() {
        initAgent();
        final ArgumentCaptor<Person> personCaptor =
            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Person.class);

        var print = mock(Print.class);
        var person = new Person(0);

        int count = 10;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            person.setAge(i);
            print.privatePrint(person);
        }
        verify(print, times(count)).privatePrint(personCaptor.capture());

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            var p = personCaptor.getAllValues().get(i);
            assertEquals(i, p.getAge());
        }
    }

    @Test
    void testPublic() {
        initAgent();
        final ArgumentCaptor<Person> personCaptor =
            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Person.class);

        var print = mock(Print.class);
        var person = new Person(0);

        int count = 10;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            person.setAge(i);
            print.publicPrint(person);
        }
        verify(print, times(count)).publicPrint(personCaptor.capture());

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            var p = personCaptor.getAllValues().get(i);
            assertEquals(i, p.getAge());
        }
    }

    static class Person {
        private int age;
        public Person (int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    }

    static class Print {
        private void privatePrint(Person p) {
            System.out.println("private - " + p.getAge());
        }

        public void publicPrint(Person p) {
            System.out.println("public - " + p.getAge());
        }
    }
}


text:
Q: Injector doesn't inject dll Wrote a simple Dll injector for "calculator.exe" process, with printing out some lines I confirmed that the injector did its job but the messagebox doesn't appear.
Context:
-void inject_dll(DWORD, char*) takes the ID of the process that I want to inject and the name of the dll it will be injecting.
-DWORD get_PId(const w_char_t*) is a function that returns the processID of the given argument (processname)
I have confirmed that the get_PId function works properly, so the error should be somewhere else.
Injector code:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <TlHelp32.h>
#include <iostream>
void inject_dll(DWORD PId, char* DllName)
{

HANDLE hProcess;
PVOID Alloc;
SIZE_T DllPathLen;
HMODULE Kernel32Base;
PVOID LoadLibAddress;

if (PId != 0 && DllName != NULL)
{
    DllPathLen = strlen(DllName);
    Kernel32Base = GetModuleHandleA("Kernel32.dll");
    if (Kernel32Base == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "kernel32.dll not found" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    LoadLibAddress = GetProcAddress(Kernel32Base, "LoadLibraryA");
    if (LoadLibAddress == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "LoadLibraryA not found" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, PId);
    if (hProcess == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "hProcess handle not opened" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    Alloc = VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, NULL, DllPathLen + 1, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
    if (Alloc == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "no memory allocated for DllPath" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    if (!WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, Alloc, DllName, DllPathLen + 1, NULL))
    {
        std::cout << "didn't write dll to processmemory" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    CreateRemoteThread(hProcess, NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)LoadLibAddress, Alloc, 0, NULL);
    std::cout << "end reached" << std::endl;
}

}

DWORD get_PId( const wchar_t* ProcessName) {

HANDLE hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);

PROCESSENTRY32 pe32;
pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);

if (hSnapshot != NULL)
{
    if (Process32First(hSnapshot, &pe32)) {
        do
        {
            if (!wcscmp(pe32.szExeFile, ProcessName))
                return pe32.th32ProcessID;

        } while (Process32Next(hSnapshot, &pe32));
    }
}
return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
DWORD pid = get_PId(L"Calculator.exe");
std::cout << pid << std::endl;
if (pid) {
    char dllName[] = "CORRECT PATH (dont worry about this)";
    std::cout << dllName << std::endl;
    inject_dll(pid, dllName);

}

ExitPoint:
    system("Pause");
    return 0;
}

The Dll code, when its in the memory of the injected process it should show a messagebox:
#include <windows.h>

VOID ShowMessageBox() {
MessageBoxA(NULL, "injected", "injector", MB_OK);
}

BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule, DWORD  ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved ){

switch (ul_reason_for_call)
{
    case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
        ShowMessageBox();

    case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
    case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
    case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
        break;
}
return TRUE;
}

A: I am also not 100% sure of this but I think its because of session separation in windows Vista and above. You can read more about it here.

Since Vista onwards things have changed with the introduction of 'Session Separation'. This was one of so many defenses introduced in Vista towards securing the system. 'Session Separation' ensured that core system processes including services always run in session 0 while all user process's run in different sessions. As a result any process running in user session failed to inject DLL into system process as CreateRemoteThread did not work across session boundaries...

Injection should work fine on processes such as notepad.exe or paint.exe.

A: I suspect you are running into one of the DllMain restrictions, you are not supposed to call anything in user32.dll or gdi32.dll from DllMain.


In Japan, the line between ancient and modern is often so blurred that one becomes a traveler through time. Seventh-century shrines and vibrant traditional markets. Alpine mountain ridges covered in thousands of cherry trees. A world of natural beauty combined with ancient culture—grace and tradition unlike anywhere else.
Days 1-2 Walk through quiet forests, visit ancient shrines and pass by bright orange torii, the iconic gates found at the entrance to sacred Shinto sites | Behold views of Kyoto from a summit above the city | Discover the Philosopher's Walk, a tranquil tree-lined path | Be welcomed and entertained by a maiko (apprentice geisha) during a truly Japanese lunch | In Wazuka, hike amid lush plantations of matcha and kabuse sencha, then delve into their flavors with a tea tasting | Stroll to Nara's deer-strewn city park and visit the World Heritage Tōdai-ji temple.
Days 3-4 Embrace Japanese culture with a traditional water blessing | Follow a 7th-century road through quaint villages and bucolic terrain dotted with temples, imperial burial mounds and shrines | Take a scenic journey to the Japanese Alps aboard a bullet train | Explore 17th- and 18th-century merchants' houses and shops in Takayama's old quarter | Experience unique hospitality and atmosphere at a superb ryokan.
Days 5-6 Peruse Takayama's bustling street market stalls for a unique souvenir | Take in the gorgeous setting of traditional mountain villages | Explore Chūbu-Sangaku National Park's breathtaking alpine landscape, keeping an eye out for antelope, monkeys and bears | You're in for a treat with a private sake tasting | Enjoy a relaxing soak in an open-air hot tub.
Days 7-8 Hike amid the ever-changing scenery of the Northern Alps in the beautiful Tateyama Mountains | Along the forested trail, stop in at a charming century-old folk house | Sip green tea during a time-honored tea ceremony | Marvel at a mesmerizing array of glasswork at Toyama Glass Art Museum.
An intimate boutique hotel overlooking picturesque parkland at the foot of Kōfuku-ji Temple. A Small Luxury Hotels of the World member.
Highlights of this ryokan include beautiful timber architecture, traditional hospitality and natural hot spring baths.
Note: The terrain on this trip includes dirt trails, cobblestones and paved footpaths. It is relatively level to rolling, with some steeper inclines.
Even at five-star, Western-style hotels in Japan, the local preference for ordered, austere aesthetics is prioritized. This means simple rooms with fewer amenities than one might find at a typical Backroads Premiere Hotel and an emphasis on tranquility and refined onsen (Japanese-style spas).
In order to access the scenic and culturally significant hiking routes and points of interest on this trip, strategic shuttles are incorporated into our daily itinerary. Most will be limited to an hour or so at a time, but on some days you can expect to spend a bit more time in the shuttle—though always to reach a worthwhile destination! On one occasion we even combine shuttling with a high-speed train to reach the Japanese Alps—think of it as a cultural experience plus a chance to enjoy the beauty of the countryside!
On our Japan trips we have an extra leader supporting you along the trail—for a total of three, compared to the industry standard two. So we can be in more places at once, giving personal attention to guests traveling at their own pace. Here's more on our Trip Leaders.


Over the last few years many of my friends and relatives have had kids of their own. As a result I often get questions from them regarding what their baby or child should be doing. I understand that advice and opinions can be taken with a grain of salt and everybody does things differently but I thought I'd share with you, the top pieces of advice I've given as a result of all the questions.


text:
Jeff Bezos' Divorce Could Soon Make MacKenzie Bezos one of Amazon's Biggest Shareholders
Business Insider Jan 10 2019 BoardBlogs
Amazon could soon have a large new individual shareholder in the form of MacKenzie Bezos as a result of her impending divorce from the company's CEO.
Jeff Bezos owns 16% of the e-commerce giant, and MacKenzie could be entitled to up to half of those shares, which would giver her, with Jeff, one of the two largest stakes in the company.
Although the Bezoses are worth $137 billion on paper, nearly all of their assets are in the form of Amazon stock...
Former GE CEO Jeffrey Immelt Reportedly Tops the List to Replace Travis Kalanick as Uber's CEO also written by Troy Wolverton
At Facebook's Annual Meeting, Mark Zuckerberg Stuck to his Talking Points — and Ignored Some of Shareholders' Biggest Concerns also written by Troy Wolverton
A New Year's Resolution for Boards By Mark Rogers also categorized in BoardBlogs
Here Are The 11 Politicians Who Sit On The Boards Of Public Companies also published in Business Insider
GMI Ratings Governance Issue | Northrop Grumman Corp. also published in Business Insider
Dropbox's IPO is just the Latest Case of Startup CEOs Consolidating Their Power — and Investors Should be Outraged also written by Troy Wolverton
Who's in charge here? By: Charles Whipple also categorized in BoardBlogs
Facebook's Stock Structure Gives Mark Zuckerberg a Blank Check — Investors Were OK with that, But the World Can't Afford to Be also written by Troy Wolverton
'These are bad facts for him': Intel CEO's $24 Million Stock Sale Before Disclosing the Chip Flaw Could Trigger Lawsuits, SEC Inquiry ( also written by Troy Wolverton
The 70:20:10 Rule of Board Learning by Debra Beck also categorized in BoardBlogs
Washington seems to be the most logical place
Considering the totality of the circumstances (as are publicly known), I think it more likely than not that a court would divide the stock roughly in half.
The wild card here is I don't know the psychology each party has going into this divorce.
I don't think she's an unreasonable person, so I don't see that happening.
With someone who is as closely associated to his brand as Jeff Bezos, it may be that he will refuse a settlement that gives his ex-wife that much Amazon corporate power.
Troy Wolverton
Troywolv


MSDS | Arsang Safe Trading Co.
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text:
Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Atlantic Holidays Roll Out Irresistible Deals
Are you looking to beat the January blues and jet off to a rewarding holiday destinations? Look no further than the Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Atlantic Holidays Winter Sale.
This winter, Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Atlantic Holidays are offering exceptional deals across the network including top USA destinations Boston, Orlando and New York as well as the Caribbean.
The deals are perfect for those looking to embrace experiences or take a well-deserved break in the new year, with Virgin Atlantic's newly enhanced flexible booking policy offering customers greater peace of mind, enabling them to book future travel with confidence.
The red-hot savings are available across all Virgin Atlantic cabins with up to £107 off Economy Light, Classic, Delight, and Premium as well as huge savings of up to £1,400 on Upper Class fares. Virgin Atlantic offers are available until Tuesday 25 January for travel on select dates throughout 2022.
Those enjoying up to 16% off Virgin Atlantic Holidays Flight + Hotel offers can also book up until Tuesday 25 January. Savings apply to the total cost of the holiday, excluding taxes, APD, surcharges and other compulsory charges which may apply at the time of booking (full T&Cs below).
There's a host to choose from, but top lead-in package holiday and Flight + Hotel fares include 3 nights in New York from £492pp, 4 nights in Las Vegas from £597pp, 7 nights in Orlando from £558pp, and 7 nights all-inclusive in The Bahamas from £1,247pp.
For more deals and for booking, please visit http://www.virginholidays.co.uk or call 0344 557 3859
Unite with Loved Ones with United Nigeria's Valentine Deal
Emirates Celebrates Skywards Milestone with Deals and Surprises
Create Beautiful Memories with Kenya Airways Anniversary Deal


The H.E. Harris Frosted 2" x 3" Case for Peace Dollars is a beautiful and unique way to present, store, and protect your coins for years to come. The snap-together design holds your coins securely in place while the frosted and beveled edge elegantly sets off the artwork surrounding the coins. The case measures 2" x 3", and will hold 1 coin displayed with an image of an American Flag and Dove. H.E. Harris Model # 1664.
This H.E. Harris Frosted 2" x 3" Case for Peace Dollars allows your coins to be displayed while sealing tight for long-term protection against handling or the elements, which helps maintain their value.


Happy Saturday! It's time for another challenge @ Our Creative Corner. Paula, has an interesting color challenge for us to try this week. Paula, wants you to create a cake creation using Red, Blue, and Yellow with layer upon layer. My first question was what shade of red, or blue. The yellow, I pretty much have that covered. But, Paula mentions super hero s, so the shades I selected are deep and bright.
For those who know me, this is not my typical color combo. But, this is labeled as a challenge. I selected Not Quite Navy for my card base. I thought this color would help ground my card and give it a starting point. Not only as the card base, but a base for coordinating the other colors. The blue/yellow pattern paper is from a Teresa Collins collection, I believe. The text pattern paper is from Paper Studio. I used my red to showcase embellishments. I used an Authentique Valentine's Day themed paper for the red/cream polka dot pattern paper. I added a scrap piece of the red checker ribbon to add a splash of color towards the bottom of the card. I used my Utility stamp set for the cake and the sentiment. I used white embossing powder and my heat gun to emboss the cake image. I just love the shading. I added a lady bug fabric brad to attach the multi-loop bow to the top of the birthday tag.
I hope you get a chance to play along with us @ OCC.
Well I think you have made the best cake out of all of us;it looks stunning.
I also love your big bow with the ladybug button-how cute is that?
You have designed this card wonderfully, all the papers sit well together, and although you say this is not a typical colour combo for you, sometimes it helps our creativity to think outside the square.
Gorgeous Sharon! Love your yellow bow with the cute button. Great take on the challenge.


text:
2018| January-March | Volume 15 | Issue 1
Online since April 2, 2018
An uncommon knee pain: Ganglion cyst in the gastrocnemius medialis
Sandesh Madi, Vivek Pandey, Naufal Nahas, Kiran Acharya
January-March 2018, 15(1):26-28
DOI:10.4103/am.am_39_17
A large symptomatic ganglion cyst occurring in the gastrocnemius has been infrequently described in the literature. Clinical presentation and management of such a symptomatic ganglion are briefly outlined here. This is perhaps the first case that describes the surgical management of symptomatic ganglion and associated internal derangement of the knee with favorable outcomes.
17,029 595 -
Nekkanti Venkat Rayudu
Mitral valve prolapse, Click murmurs syndrome, Barlow's syndrome is one of the common cause of mitral valve disease with or without mitral regurgitation. Barlow gave full clinical description of the disorder in 1963. It has large clinical spectrum from asymptomatic auscultatory or Echodopler finding to frank mitral regurgitation needing valve surgery.
Steroid therapy in swine flu: Beneficial or harmful
Krittibus Samui
January-March 2018, 15(1):2-5
H1N1 influenza virus is responsible for respiratory illness that may range from mild symptoms of common cold to severe disease on presentation that needs hospitalization and management in intensive care. Corticosteroids are used to treat disease of immunity, inflammation or salt, and water balance. Here, the role of corticosteroid in swine flu is reviewed in various literatures. It is found that result of corticosteroid use in the management of swine flu patients is unsatisfactory. Instead of benefit, it is potentially harmful. It causes to develop higher duration of hospital stay, prolonged mechanical ventilation and ultimately increased mortality.
Mucormycosis of the head and neck
Santosh Kumar Swain, Mahesh Chandra Sahu, Manash Ranjan Baisakh
January-March 2018, 15(1):6-10
Mucormycosis is a rare clinical entity, often affecting immunocompromised patients. It is often an emergency situation and has poor prognosis. In head-and-neck region, mucormycosis spread by angioinvasion and may present with sinonasal, rhino-orbito-cerebral, palatal, cutaneous, or disseminated involvement. Prompt diagnosis with tissue biopsy, local control of the disease by aggressive surgical debridement, and appropriate systemic antifungal treatment improve the prognosis and survival of the patients. Treatment of mucormycosis needs antifungal agents such as amphotericin B and wide surgical debridement. Early diagnosis and treatment is often needed for survival of the patients. This paper will review the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentations, investigations, and treatment of the dreaded fungal infections called mucormycosis in the head-and-neck region.
Functional outcomes of type c distal humerus fractures in adults fixed by orthogonal double plating
Kapil Mani KC, Parimal Acharya, Dirgha Raj RC, Arun Sigdel
Background: Surgical reconstruction of intra-articular distal humerus fractures imposes a challenge to even experienced surgeons as it is complicated by anatomy of elbow, small area of fixation, associated comminution, and osteopenia of articular surfaces. Single-column plating does not provide stable construct for comminuted distal humerus fractures as compared to the double-column plating methods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcomes, technical difficulties, complications, and patients' satisfactions after orthogonal double plating. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study of 54 patients with Type C distal humerus fractures fixed with orthogonal plating from 2012 to 2016. Time to unite the fractures and functional outcomes along with other major and minor complications were noted. Results: Seven (13%) fractures were C1, 12 (22.2%) were C2, and 35 (64.8%) were C3 types according to the AO classification. Major complications were noted in 5 patients and minor complications in 19 patients. Eleven (20.4%) patients were rated as excellent, 33 (61.1%) rated as good, 7 (12.9%) rated as fair, and 3 (5.6%) rated as poor. Mayo Elbow Performance Score in overall patients (n = 54) was 81.62 ± 10.28, C1/C2 subgroup (n = 19) was 89.05 ± 60, and C3 subgroup was 77.60 ± 9.91 (P = 0.627). Similarly, the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand Score in overall patients was 17.96 ± 15.67, C1/C2 subgroup was 8.78 ± 7.07, and C3 subgroup was 22.82 ± 16.78 (P = 0.285). Conclusion: Orthogonal dual-plate configurations can provide anatomical reconstruction and stable fixation of Type C intra-articular distal humeral fractures and allow early mobilization of the elbow after surgery; however, a significant number of patients do not satisfy after surgery.
Diagnosis and management of klippel–feil syndrome
Ashok Alapati, Susheel , Kurian Zachariah, Reddy Ravikanth
Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital malformation of the cervical vertebrae, with limited treatment options. Short neck, limitation of neck motion, and low occipital hairline form the classical triad of KFS. Client/family education is vital to monitor and maintain function and to prevent neurologic deficits resulting from fusions, accidents, or trauma. Here, we present a case of KFS with management options.
An unusual presentation of nasal septal abscess in 13-year-old boy
Santosh Kumar Swain, Sanjeev Gupta, Anwesha Banerjee, Mahesh Chandra Sahu
Nasal septal abscess is an uncommon clinical entity. There is a collection of the pus in the space between the nasal septum and its overlying mucoperichondrium and/or mucoperiosteum. It usually results from the trauma which leads to nasal septal hematoma and followed by septal abscess formation. If nasal septal abscess is not treated early, this may lead to fatal complications. In the growing child, early treatment along with reconstruction of the damaged septal cartilage is essential for normal development of midfacial area. Here, we are presenting a case of bilateral nasal septal abscess completely obstructing the nostrils in a mentally retarded child without any known history of trauma.
Unexpected complications encountered in surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma
Kodeeswaran M, Rajendran S, Priya Muniyandi, Ashwin Kumar Mani, Karthiraj N
Complications in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) surgery are usually rare. Sometimes, patients who underwent surgical treatment for CSDH develop complications such as pneumocephalus, recurrent hematoma, and subdural hygroma. We are reporting a case which had unexpected complications following CSDH surgical treatment.
A rare case of scrub typhus with complete heart block
Sharmili Sinha, Jyotirmaya Pati, Brajaraj Das
Scrub typhus is a tropical fever prevalent in South East Asia. It is a multisystem disease which can vary widely in clinical manifestations from mild generalized symptoms to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Myocarditis is a known complication which can present with tachycardia, heart failure, and very rarely heart blocks. We report a case of complete heart block due to scrub typhus case which was treated successfully at our center.
Incidental microfilaria in cervical lymph node cytology
Vandana Gite, Maruti Dhakane
Although filariasis is a major health problem in tropical countries including India, lymph node is an unusual site to present as filarial nodule. It is rare to find microfilaria in lymph node cytology. However, in the absence of clinical features of filariasis, fine-needle aspiration cytology may help in the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. We report this case, presented with filarial lymph node mass and diagnosed incidentally on a fine-needle aspiration.
Congenital mesenteric defect causing volvulus and intestinal obstruction in an adult
Adithya GK, Satya Prakash Jindal, Varun Madaan, Vivek Tandon, Deepak Govil
A 39-year-old female presented with a history of recurrent pain abdomen for 2 years. The pain was colicky and intermittent in nature. She had been diagnosed to have right-sided nephrolithiasis based on the findings of computed tomography (CT) abdomen and was managed conservatively during each episode of pain. During the present episode, her pain started 4 days prior to presentation and was associated with vomiting and inability to pass stool and flatus. X-ray abdomen showed evidence of dilated bowel loops. On clinical examination, her abdomen was distended with tenderness and guarding in the right lower abdomen. Her CT abdomen revealed dilated ileal loops in the right lower abdomen. The distal bowel was found to be collapsed. On exploratory laparotomy, a volvulus of the distal ileum, caecum and part of ascending colon was noted. The involved bowel loops were gangrenous. A mesenteric defect of about 10 cm was noted in the root of the mesentery, which had caused an internal herniation, volvulus and gangrene. She underwent a right hemicolectomy with covering ileostomy. Congenital mesenteric defects leading to internal herniation are a well-documented condition in pediatric population. Although the same can occur in adults, it is an infrequent cause of intestinal obstruction.
Dermoid cyst of pancreas: A rare entity
Apurva S Shah, Shravan Bohra, Lakshman Khiria
Dermoid cysts or mature cystic teratomas are mesenchymal neoplasms most commonly found in the ovaries, but which may occur in any location along the pathways of ectodermal cell migration. Pancreatic dermoid cysts are rare entity and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. A 27-year-old female presented with upper abdominal pain and vomiting of 1 week duration without jaundice, diarrhea, and fever. Ultrasound abdomen showed a 4 cm × 3 cm cyst in the head of pancreas with smooth walls. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed large multilocular cystic lesion in pancreatic head region which displaces pancreas anteriorly and mildly superiorly. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided cyst fluid aspiration was done which revealed high cyst fluid amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen. At surgery, a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was done. Histopathologic examination revealed a rare diagnosis of dermoid cyst of pancreas. This case report highlights difficulty in preoperative diagnosis of cystic lesions of pancreas by imaging. Therefore, we want to highlight the literature in this rare entity.
Adrenal myelolipoma: Radiologic-pathologic correlation
Ashish Sachan, Hirdaya Hulas Nag, Sandip Barmann, Ravindra Kumar Saran
Myelolipomas are rare, benign tumors of adrenal gland. These tumors are generally asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. Differentiating the tumor from other adrenal tumors such as liposarcoma, pheochromocytoma is important for management. We hereby describe the case of adrenal myelolipoma we recently managed, with emphasis on the radiologic and pathologic correlation of this rare disease.
IMAGES IN MEDICINE
Unusual variant of leiomyoma with multiple omental feeders: Laparoscopic myomectomy with in-bag morcellation
Meenakshi Sundaram, Abdul Basith S. Fazal
This is a rare case of a large subserosal fibroid detaching itself from the uterus and in the process of attaching to the omentum by drawing blood supply from it. There were large aberrant feeder vessels. The appendix was found attached to it. The management of such fibroids is described.


text:
In loving memory, Chere Ann Stultz Gilbert
Chere Ann Stultz Gilbert of Riverton passed away on February 14, 2022, at Lakeview Hospital in Bountiful Utah with her daughters by her side.
Chere was born March 4, 1951, in Riverton to parents Carl D Stultz and Joyce H Stultz of Fremont County. She was the youngest of four children and a petite firecracker who attended Ashgrove Elementary, Riverton Middle School, and Riverton High School where she was a cheerleader. Chere graduated from Riverton High School in 1969. In 1973, Chere met John D Gilbert in Casper Wy whom she would marry in Pocatello Idaho. Chere and John then moved to Laramie Wy. John worked for the Union Pacific Railroad and Chere worked at a local bank and then opened her own women's clothing store downtown until she sold her business in 1977. Chere and John moved west to Portland Oregon briefly before returning to Cheyenne WY.
In 1978 Chere and John welcomed there first daughter Maegan T Gilbert in Cheyenne Wy. In 1982 Chere, John and Maegan moved to Southern California where Chere welcomed her second daughter Makaela S. Gilbert in Newport Beach Ca 1983. The family moved a lot for various job opportunities. For several years Chere stayed home raising her children. As her youngest got a bit older Chere began attending California State University at Fullerton. In 1988 she got her Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts. She then went on to get her stock broker's license. Shortly after completing her BA Chere was hired by Cellular One in Santa Barbara Ca but worked long hours away from home and her children. Chere chose to leave Cellular One to prioritize motherhood. She was a girl scout troop leader, an active member of the local communities she lived in, and enjoyed taking her children to the beach or the mountains to camp. In 1993 Chere returned to Riverton Wy with her two daughters.
Chere loved traveling, road trips with the windows down, music up, and the wind whipping through her hair. It was always fun trying to talk to her because she'd just get loud but the windows wouldn't ever go up and the music wouldn't be turned down even during Wyoming winters. She'd go anywhere to experience other cultures, the wonders of nature, and to keep growing as a person. She took her children on family trips abroad and exposed them to a variety of cultures, art, history, local traditions, and taught them to celebrate diversity. Chere didn't care about money and would rather experience life than own possessions and waste money on "stuff" unless the money was for flowers. She was a dedicated daughter, mother, sister, and aunt who raised her children to show empathy, extend a hand to those needing one, and stand up for anyone unable to stand up for themselves.
Nomadic by nature Chere didn't dedicate her life to one career except being a mom, for her it was about the experience and the ride. Out of the many jobs in her life, she loved teaching high school the most. She began to substitute on the Wind River Reservation at Arapahoe and St. Stephen's schools in the mid-1990s. Eventually, this turned into a full-time teaching position at St. Stephen's High School. Chere took her student's love of music such as rap to help guide their creative writing and expression by analyzing the poetry of music. Her hobby was that of a dog whisperer. She would rescue any animal in need, at one time owning 7 dogs and 6 cats. Her compassion didn't stop at animals as she also offered an open door to any of her daughters' friends who at times needed somewhere to go. When she was ready to move on, she spent months on advertisements for each furry friend then delivered them to their forever homes all over Wyoming.
At 4'11 Chere was a determined force to be reckoned with. She never hired anyone to do a job without first trying to do the work herself. Whether she was remodeling a house, plumbing, painting, grooming her pack of animals, or rototilling the yard, Chere was jumping in with both feet first, probably barefoot. If that wasn't successful, she'd find the book to teach her how to do it. Her greatest passion aside from being an amazing mother and grandmother was gardening. That woman could grow plants, flowers, and landscape a yard to perfection. She'd sit in her flower beds for hours to garden with Neil Young on her headphones and allow the world around her to disappear. This world was better with her in it and her absence has changed the lives of those who were lucky enough to be part of her world.
Chere Ann is proceeded in death by her Grandfather Howard C. Meyer, Grandmother Frances Willard Meyer, Father Carl D Stultz, sister Susan Began, her nephew Jerry "Muffy" Began, sister Jacque Taylor and uncle Howard Meyer. She is survived by her mother Joyce H Stultz, brother Carl D Stultz, ex-husband John D Gilbert, daughters Maegan T Gilbert and Makaela S Gilbert, son in law Matthew Perez, nephew Darren Taylor and grandchildren, Kaci Ann Kennedy, Douglas David Gilbert, Wendy Perez, Allison Perez, Lexi Lane Perez, and Ireland Nollie Chere Perez. Her Aunt Virgina Devish and Patricia Bush. Her dear friends Carolynn Hagstrom and husband Bruce Hagstrom helped Chere live her best life for the past few years and Jon Bower helped support her with whatever she needed. The people who love her will continue to share her memories with her young grandchildren.
Chere's spirit is now free to move on and no matter where that journey takes her, she'll be a treasure to that world too. As a practitioner of Buddhism Chere believed the end of this life marks her energy's journey to the next life she will begin. Always remember if any random scraggly dogs head your way it just may be her visiting you because the animals nobody wanted were the one's she loved the most! May she rest in peace while we who love her endeavor to keep her memories and light alive.
Cremation has taken place and a private family gathering of remembrance will take place per Chere's last wishes. Donations for a memorial are being made to PAWS in Chere's name.
Amanda Fehring -
Talk in the 10: The work of the Wyoming Cultural Trust Fund in the South Pass area


text:
Q: Spring @Transactional - synchronize via AspectJ I am trying to synchronize declarative transactions (i.e. methods annotated with @Transactional) using AspectJ like so:
...
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
...

@Component
@Aspect
public class TransactionMonitor extends TransactionSynchronizationAdapter {

    @Before("execution(@org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional * *.*(..))")
    private void registerTransactionSynchronizationOnAnnotation(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(this);
    }
}

This currently fails with java.lang.IllegalStateException: Transaction synchronization is not active which indicates that the synchronization is not run inside the transaction execution, but before. I want to ensure that this is the other way round, of course.
I found this answer, however @Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE) had no effect, and
@DeclarePrecedence(
        "org.springframework.transaction.aspectj.AnnotationTransactionAspect, xxx.xxx.TransactionMonitor, *"
)

led to this during startup:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: DeclarePrecedence not presently supported in Spring AOP

I have the feeling this is AOP and AspectJ not being happy with each other, but I am not sure. I am thankful for any ideas.
EDIT: I have to use @EnableTransactionManagement(proxyTargetClass = true), can this be related to the issue?

A: For @DeclarePrecedence you need to switch to native AspectJ. Spring AOP is just "AOP lite" and technologically has little in common with AspectJ other than its syntax which is basically an AspectJ subset. The Spring manual describes how to use native AspectJ in Spring via LTW (load-time weaving). Precedence declaration for Spring components rather works using @Order, BTW.
I am not a Spring user at all, but as for declarative transaction management, it already knows proxy-based Spring AOP versus native AspectJ mode, see EnableTransactionManagement.mode and the enum constants in AdviceMode. Besides, EnableTransactionManagement also has an order property. Reading Javadoc and the Spring manual helps, I guess.


But it took a disappointed Lagosian, Deji Ayowole, who 'photoshopped' the late Dr. Stella Adadevoh's photo into a Lagos at 50 banner, for the public opprobrium to be given a vent.
From the time the news broke out that Olorogun Michael Christopher O. Ibru, our friend Mike, had passed on, a lot had been said and written about his life while here on earth with us.
Considering his great achievements in business and philanthropy, the Federal Government should confer a posthumous Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger (GCON) award on the late Olorogun Michael Ibru.
The Senate yesterday reviewed the life of Olorogun Michael Ibru and submitted that his times were worthy of emulation. It added that the late patriarch of the Ibru family touched the lives of many even beyond his state.
They include the Secretary to the Delta State Government (SSG), Mr. Festus Ovie Agas and prominent lawyer and a former president of the University of Benin Alumni Association (UBAA), Chief Richard Oma Ahonaruogho.
Olorogun Michael Ibru, who lived a life unarguably unlike most others in the quintessence of its achievements passed on yesterday.


text:
When What We See Is Not What We Say — Leading a Change in the World of National Security
During his time at Harvard Kennedy School, Gil Avriel, WIF Alum (Class 26) and Legal Adviser to the Israeli National Security Council at the Office of the Prime Minister, published an innovative theory in the Harvard National Security Journal that hopes to change the way we understand ISIS and terrorism. A year after his graduation, Gil's Civilitary Theory is cited and commended by world experts, discussed at leading national security conferences and explored by governments. Elisha Gechter, Program Manager for Wexner Israel Programs at Harvard Kennedy School, asked Gil for his takeaways from the project and to share how his journey at Harvard can encourage "Wexners" and other Fellows at Harvard's Center for Public Leadership who wish to make a change and promote innovative ideas around the world.
With all of the serious problems the world is facing on a global scale, how did you narrow in on one thing to tackle when you came to Harvard?
The world is changing fast — from technology, to cyber, to medical research, new trends and phenomena are constantly popping up. Yet I noticed a trend that in many cases the rapid pace with which these phenomena develop is faster than the evolution of the terminology we use to describe them. As a result, we all use outdated words to describe new phenomena. This gap is also relevant to the field of National Security. We fail to understand ISIS partly because the stale language that we use to describe the group lags behind the rapid evolution of the group, especially when it comes to its progression from a non-territorial to a territorial terrorist group. Bridging this gap is essential because wrong words create wrong perceptions and thereafter may lead to wrong decisions and judgments at the highest levels. Simply put — if you can't name it, you can't contain it.
What was your suggestion to solve this problem?
My work explores the evolutionary process of certain terrorist groups through a new analytical framework: The Civilitary Theory. "Civilitary" is a new term, coined from the words civil and military, to better capture the state of play imposed on the international community by ISIS and other radical forces that have placed civilians at the heart of military conflict. The Civilitary Theory has three objectives: to shed light on the current developments in the Middle East and Africa; to demonstrate current patterns in the evolution of terrorist groups which will point to future developments; and to influence political, diplomatic, legal, academic, military and public discourses in an effort to bridge the gap between outdated words and this new reality. All of this would ultimately help the international community to better meet the national security challenges of our time.
What steps did you first take to make an impact?
I came to Harvard with an idea, got several distinguished professors on board and developed a new theory. During the academic year I presented this theory at Harvard, Yale, Brandeis, many public events in Boston and with the help of the networking of The Wexner Foundation, I also presented it at the General Assembly of Jewish Federations of North America in Washington D.C. Through Harvard's Center for Public Leadership I presented in a student Ted Talk at the Kennedy School. Prominent figures from the local community were very supportive and helped me increase awareness and enlarge the scope of publicity. When it gained the right momentum I published the Civilitary Theory in the Harvard National Security Journal at the Harvard Law School, which gave the theory a strong academic imprimatur. Shortly after this publication, the Civilitary Theory was reviewed by the former US State Department Legal Adviser on Lawfare Blog and mentioned by several other leading professors. It was subsequently presented at the annual conference of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in New York and at the International Law Association British Branch Conference in the United Kingdom. In the fall, the Civilitary Theory will be presented at the United States Military Academy in West Point, NY. It has an interactive website (www.civilitary.org) and people from all over the world are entering and expressing interest on the issue of terminology. Nowadays "Wordfare" has become part of "Lawfare," and the use of clear and effective terminology helps the international community to understand and better confront ISIS and other forms of terrorism.
Why do you think the theory has so much stickiness?
Although the theory is about national security and ISIS, in practice its premise is applicable to many other issues and challenges. Why can't we shape a clear strategy to solve a problem? What hampers us from seeing reality as it is? I think that often we tend to embrace the known past and hold onto it, sometimes too tightly. But when thinking about present challenges we can't just extrapolate from history and the continued use of outdated terminology that no longer captures the changing reality. If terminology can't catch up with the rapid pace of the evolution of terrorism, there is no wonder we can't explain the phenomenon of ISIS or shape a contemporary national security strategy to confront it. This linguistic gap is very relevant to many other fast growing industries, so people around the world are finding that it resonates and are paying attention to the relevancy and accuracy of their own terminology when they define a problem or think about other challenges.
What takeaways and lessons would you share with others in the Wexner network or other Fellows at Harvard's Center for Public Leadership who wish to make a change and promote innovative ideas around the world?
Above all: don't be afraid to fail. As we all know, people fail again and again and then call it experience… so if you believe in your idea and feel passionate about it — trust your instincts and go for it. Also, try to think in simple terms. Sophistication hampers innovation and over-complexity blocks creativity. Remember how often we encountered a new idea and wondered how nobody thought about it before — new ideas are often generated when people explore their basic assumptions and realize they can approach the situation differently. It is also important to be attentive to time — I only had eleven months at Harvard and time flies. It is therefore useful to know what you want and plan your steps in advance. In order to save time, listen to experienced people and learn from their mistakes. It is also wise to understand the state of play around you and get the right stakeholders on board early on. Lastly, don't forget to thank and keep in touch with those who stood next to you, as you will probably have more than one good idea in your lifetime and may wish to embark on a second creative journey.
Gil Avriel, WIF Alum (Class 26), serves as the Legal Advisor to the Israeli National Security Council at the Office of the Prime Minister. He holds an MA in Public Administration from Harvard Kennedy School of Government and an LLM in International Law from Georgetown University Law Center, where he was the recipient of the Thomas Bradbury Chetwood S.J. Prize for the most distinguished academic record. He can be reached at gilavrielwork@gmail.com.
Elisha Gechter is the Program Manager for the Wexner Israel Programs at the Harvard Kennedy School. She represents The Wexner Foundation at Harvard's Center for Public Leadership and works with mid-career Israelis who spend a year studying for a Master's in Public Administration at the Kennedy School through the Wexner Israel Fellowship, as well as Israelis who spend a month of intensive training in Executive Education at the Kennedy School through the Wexner Senior Leadership Program. She can be reached at egechter@wexner.net.


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text:
50 years on, the Moon still rocks!
Fifty years ago, Cambridge mineralogist, Dr Stuart Agrell was given VIP treatment and a police escort after flying into Heathrow from the USA because he was carrying a bag full of very precious rock material. The samples were amongst the most expensive ever collected as they had been retrieved from the moon by two of the American Apollo 11 mission astronauts. The programme of their investigation was a remarkable and unprecedented example of international scientific collaboration, which still continues.
Guess what I've got in my bag? 50 years ago, Cambridge mineralogist, Stuart Agrell nonchalantly carried some of the most valuable rocks ever collected back to Cambridge in his holdall. (© Mirrorpix, reproduced with permission)
Posted by: Sandra
Launched from Cape Kennedy on July 16th 1969, the Apollo 11 mission opened a new era in the exploration of Earth's moon. Four days later the lunar module Eagle landed with astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on board. An estimated 350 million people watched the televised images. One of their main aims was to sample as wide a range of rock and surface material as possible to help determine the moon's composition and formation. They were also looking for any signs of past life or water on the moon.
On July 21, 1969, Armstrong and Aldrin spent some two hours collecting 50 rocks and surface dust from around the landing site. Although armed with a geological hammer, there was no available bedrock to sample. Eagle rejoined the orbiting command module Columbia, piloted by Michael Collins and they returned to Earth on July 24th. It was one of humankind's most remarkable technological achievements.
Altogether the Apollo 11 mission recovered 21.5 kg of rock material from the Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquillity). This vast region is in fact a very ancient impact basin between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years old and filled with basalt rock formed from molten lava. Its dust-covered surface is pockmarked by younger and smaller impact craters and rock debris, which created difficulties in landing Eagle.
Back on Earth, the samples had to be quarantined for 50 days to ensure that they contained no pathogens. Only then were they parcelled out to experts around the world for investigation. It is likely that no other set of rocks has been investigated so extensively or intensively.
A basalt lava collected by Apollo 11, seen in microscope thin section with polarized light. Numerous criss-crossing laths of feldspar, coloured white to black, intersect large pale brown pyroxene crystals. (© NASA/OU, imaged by Andy Tindle)
The moon comes to Cambridge
The Cambridge Department of Mineralogy and Petrology was one of the 150 recipient laboratories, thanks largely to the presence of mineralogist Stuart Agrell (1913-1996). He had spent much of the 1960s in America and became well known there for his precise chemical analyses of mineral samples and his work on meteorites. As a result Agrell along with Geoffrey Eglington (1927-2016), a Bristol University biogeochemist, were the only non-American geoscientists involved in planning the moon-sampling program, which required frequent trips to Houston.
There are various anecdotes, some of them contradictory, about Agrell's seemingly nonchalant approach to this remarkable material. Apparently the security-conscious American team in Houston, were somewhat non-plussed by Stuart Agrell's sole concession to the safe keeping of the samples. For the return trip to London, he just tucked them into his spare clothes in a large holdall. On arrival, the samples went on display for the press at the SRC (Science Research Council) headquarters in High Holborn before being collected by the principal investigators of the 15 UK research teams. Again, there was an emphasis on the need for sample security in transport and within laboratories along with an urgency in investigation. Initial results were to be reported within three months for publication in the international journal Science and at a conference in Houston.
Whilst many of the research teams had put in place all sorts of elaborate decoy plans to avoid hijacks of the priceless material, the Daily Mirror splashed a photo of Stuart on the London tube with the holdall on his knee. But by the time it was published Agrell and his samples were safely back in Cambridge. One puzzling aspect is that, according to the accompanying Daily Mirror caption, on 19th of September, 1969, Stuart was accompanied on the tube by Dr P. E. Clegg of Queen Mary College, London University. However, the lady sitting next to Agrell is definitely not the physicist Dr Peter Clegg. She may have been someone from the SRC.
Press photo from September 19th, 1969 of Stuart Agrell on the London underground, having flown in from Houston that morning, clutching his holdall with moon rock samples. (© Mirrorpix, reproduced with permission)
Stuart Agrell and the Cambridge team
For over 30 years before the Apollo 11 mission, Agrell had been using optical microscopes and 'wet chemical' analysis to study fine-grained minerals. He was especially interested and knowledgeable about those minerals, which had undergone high temperature processing both industrially and naturally. Initially, this work was done during the decade from 1939, which he spent as a staff member at Manchester University. He continued this work when, in 1949, he moved back to Cambridge, where he had been both an undergraduate and Ph D student. Here, Agrell benefitted from the technological expertise of Jim Long who was working on a pioneering and 'home made' scanning X-ray micro-analyser in the Cavendish Laboratory. It had the advantage of being the first to provide in situ transmitted light viewing of polished and uncovered thin sections of the moon rocks. Agrell's investigation of the Moon rocks was greatly aided by this newly emerging technology.
Stuart Agrell in 1952, seen in a Sedgwick Club photo, three years after his appointment in the Department of Mineralogy and Petrology. Agrell is third from left on the front row.
What are the moon rocks?
The Apollo 11 lunar rock material ranged from fragments of igneous rock and microbreccia to the lunar surface dust. Agrell worked with other members of the Department, the mineralogist I.D. Muir, the 'wet chemist' J.H Scoon and the crystallographers P. Gay and M.G. Bown on the analysis of the larger dust fragments. This revealed the presence of basaltic igneous rocks derived from the underlying bedrock lavas. But there are also fragments of other moon rocks, especially a feldspar –rich igneous rock called anorthosite from the lunar highlands. In addition, the mixture of crystalline and glassy fragments in the dust records successive episodes of impact and melting. Agrell's expertise and striking personality led to him being in constant demand for television interviews during the Apollo programmes.
A laboratory notebook showing the results of a wet chemical analysis of some lunar samples that was made within days of arriving in Cambridge, probably by J.H. Scoon who was a chemist who worked with Stuart Agrell in the Department of Mineralogy and Petrology. (image Sedgwick Museum archives, reference AGRL DDF 880a)
The Soviets join in
Just four months later in November 1969 Apollo 12 also made the trip and recovered another 34 kg of samples, mostly ancient basaltic rocks from the moon's Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms)' region. Dated to between 3.1 and 3.3 billion years old, these basalts are some 500 million years younger than the Apollo 11 basalts. And then in September the following year (1970), the Russians finally succeeded in landing an unmanned robotic Russian Luna 16 probe on the moon. They drilled 35 cm into the surface deposits and recovered a 101 gm core sample from the Mare Fecunditatis.
The next four years saw successive Apollo and Luna missions recovering a total of several hundred kilos of moon rocks and dust. Some of this material found its way to Cambridge and other British laboratories. Overall, the geological samples provided many new insights into the processes that formed the moon and its surface but did not resolve the problems of its origin. No signs of life were found nor initially any indication of water. However, subsequent lunar probes have detected patches of crystalline water-ice at the moon's poles.
The Cambridge team expands and contracts
In 1976, Agrell invited Colin Pillinger, who was a member of a Bristol University lunar research team working on the carbon chemistry of the lunar samples, to join him in Cambridge. Pillinger brought the 'carbon' team with him and so there were two independent lunar research teams in the Cambridge Department of Earth Sciences. Then, in 1985, Colin Pillinger and the 'carbon' team moved to the Open University at Milton Keynes. There, Pillinger formed the Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute and later conceived and the 2003 Beagle 2 spacecraft which landed on Mars in 2003.
Moon rock researchers picknicking in the Pillinger's garden. From left to right: Jean and Stuart Agrell and Colin Pillinger along with Peter Swart and others.
Credit: with thanks to Judith Pillinger
Stuart Agrell retired from formal academic duties in 1980 and was elected President of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain in 1983. He continued publishing his research work into the 1990s.
The Moon still rocks: An ongoing story
Research continues on the lunar samples including the basalts. Eleanor Jennings' Cambridge PhD looked at large-scale eruptions of basalts and the relation to their source in the underlying mantle. Currently a lecturer at Birkbeck, University of London she is extending this work to the very ancient and primitive lunar basalts collected in the Apollo 12 mission (See Fig X) to see what they can tell us about their mantle source rocks. She is collaborating with Iris Buisman in the Cambridge Department of Earth Sciences where the microprobe technology allows them to measure trace elements at high precision in individual crystals. This provides clues as to the original temperature of crystallization of the basalts.
An Apollo 12 basalt sample (on loan from NASA), is being investigated using a Quanta 650-F Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at the University of Cambridge, Earth Sciences Department. As the rock crystallised from a primitive lunar magma, it gets us a close as possible to the lunar mantle from which it was derived.
Upper: Called a phase map, this image shows olivine crystals (pale green) with a variety of forms – skeletal, dendritic and equant. The resulting texture probably reflects fast cooling of a low viscosity 'fluid' magma. The phase map shows the magma's high iron content (see lower hand image) which is derived from the lunar interior.
Lower: An Fe-map shows iron concentrations in the olivine crystals, with the dendritic forms being the most Fe-rich whilst the equant olivines show increasing Fe from core to rim. (image NASA, courtesy Dr. I. Buisman)
Douglas Palmer
Sedgwick Museum
Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences
CB2 3EQ
Email: sedgwickmuseum@esc.cam.ac.uk