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Immigrant 'dreamers' fear deportation nightmare under Trump
by Jay Root and Travis Putnam Hill Nov. 10, 2016 12:01 AM
By Jay Root and Travis Putnam Hill, The Texas Tribune Nov. 10, 2016
"Immigrant 'dreamers' fear deportation nightmare under Trump" was first published by The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.
The Texas Tribune is taking a yearlong look at the issues of border security and immigration. This part of the project focuses on how violent gang warfare and grinding poverty are driving new waves of Central American immigration to the United States. Sign up to get story alerts.
Of all the people worried about a Donald Trump presidency, few are freaking out more than the young undocumented immigrants who were granted relief from deportation under President Barack Obama's 2012 executive order.
Trump promised during his smash-talking presidential run to wipe away the order with a stroke of a pen, and with it the dreams of all those so-called "dreamers" who came out of the shadows under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA.
On Wednesday, when Trump pulled off a historic upset against pro-DACA candidate Hillary Clinton, the fear that dreamers tried to push out of their minds for the last few months came spewing out. By next year, they could all be facing deportation — in some cases to countries they mostly know from pictures, if at all.
"I wouldn't even know how to get around Mexico right now. I have no sense of how things work there, how society works there," said José Manuel Santoyo, 24, who grew up in Corsicana and hasn't been back to his native Mexico since he left as a child in 2001. "Every society runs differently, and I wouldn't know what to do if I was there."
Santoyo wound up playing a bit role in the 2016 Republican primaries, when immigration hardliner Thomas McNutt ran against state Rep. Byron Cook of Corsicana. McNutt's family owns the company, Collin Street Bakery, that hired Santoyo even though he was undocumented and at the time didn't have DACA status — a revelation that contributed to McNutt's razor-thin loss to Cook. Santoyo was featured in news stories about the flap over undocumented workers at the bakery.
Santoyo's voice cracked when he contemplated his precarious future. He is scheduled to graduate from Southern Methodist University in December, a matter of days before Trump takes the oath of office. He has no idea if he'll be able to get a job or what his legal status will be after that.
"People are just afraid of what's going to happen. I feel like that's the worst thing: not knowing what's going to happen. That's what really kills you inside because you want things to be okay, but you don't know what these politicians will actually do in order to maintain their power," he said. "So that's what's impacting a lot of people. It's breaking them down mentally."
"People are just afraid of what's going to happen. I feel like that's the worst thing: not knowing what's going to happen. That's what really kills you inside." — José Manuel Santoyo
Santoyo joined thousands of fellow DACA beneficiaries who, in the span of a few hours, saw the unthinkable materialize into palpable fear.
Jessica Azua went to bed not knowing who won the presidential race Tuesday night and spent Wednesday in a state of shock and worry. She came to the United States from Tampico, Mexico, at the age of 14 to be reunited with a father she hadn't seen in three years.
She graduated early from Brackenridge High School in San Antonio and got a business management degree from Texas A&M University.
"I'm sad. I'm angry. I'm scared," said Azua, 25, a community organizer at the Texas Organization Project, or TOP, which fights for immigrants and low-income minorities. "I'm worried about what's going to happen to my family. I'm worried about what's going to happen to my job."
Omar Perez, 26, who recently graduated from University of Houston with a degree in mathematics, said he was planning to go to graduate school to study engineering but now figures that's "a really far-fetched idea." He doubts Trump will actually follow through with threats to deport people like him. What he fears instead is returning to the underground economy as an undocumented immigrant with no work authorization.
"Once you're undocumented you're treated like a second-class citizen in this country," he said. "It looks like that's going to be the reality."
Obama's 2012 order granted relief from deportation to roughly 700,000 undocumented immigrants who arrived here as children. Nearly 200,000 of them are in Texas. The recipients of the relief are named "dreamers" because they were targeted for DACA-like help by the DREAM Act, legislation that was introduced but never passed by the U.S. Congress.
DACA was restricted to immigrants without any serious criminal record and who had high school degrees, were on track to get them or an equivalent, or were honorably discharged U.S. military veterans. Besides shielding the immigrants from deportation, DACA gave recipients work permits, allowing them to leave jobs in which they often faced low wages and exploitation.
A July 2015 study published by the Center for American Progress, a progressive Washington-based think tank, found that 45 percent of DACA recipients reported a higher wage after receiving the benefit, while about 90 percent said they were able to get a state-issued ID. Another 90 percent said they were offered more educational opportunities with DACA than without.
"Our hope is we can appeal to him to not be so cruel and callous about this and have some humanity." — Mary Moreno, community organizer
Trump, whose hardline stance on immigration and border security became a signature issue of his winning campaign, said during an August appearance on NBC's Meet The Press that "the [DACA] executive order gets rescinded" in his presidency.
"They have to go," he said of those who benefited from it.
It's a scary prospect for Edgar Navarrete, 22, a University of Texas at Austin student who helps other immigrants navigate their DACA cases. Navarette hasn't been to his native Coahuila, Mexico, since he was a toddler and couldn't even name the hospital where he was born. He continues to nurture hope that Trump will reverse course, but in the meantime he's had to contemplate the unimaginable: what to do if he is deported.
"I would contact a distant relative that I still have over there, and ask them for refuge for a while to figure things out," he said. "And I guess restart my life in Mexico."
Mary Moreno, another community organizer working for TOP, said revoking DACA would deal a blow not only to those who are shielded from deportation but also to the employers who are counting on them to show up for work no matter who's in the White House. She said DACA recipients are spread through the state and national economy — working as teachers, nurses and even doctors.
"It's still going to be a painful practice to extract that many people from the above-ground economy," she said. "They're doing essential jobs, and if they lose their status they lose their livelihoods, and it's going to have a significant impact on our economy and our state."
Despite hearing Trump's tough rhetoric for months, DACA supporters say they will fight to keep the benefit, through protests, community organizing and even direct appeals to Trump.
"Our hope is we can appeal to him to not be so cruel and callous about this and have some humanity," said Moreno. "I haven't seen any firm plans yet, but we are definitely going fight to preserve DACA."
Read related Tribune coverage here:
Undocumented immigrants in Texas are taking a glass-half-full approach as a 2012 initiative that has benefited hundreds of thousands of immigrants marks its four-year anniversary. But will that optimism last after the November election?
Marcos Valencia was raised in Indiana, but in the eyes of the law, his home is the cartel-infested state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, where he was born. Now he's stuck in Mexico, unable to return to the country where he grew up.
Reporter Julián Aguilar contributed to this story.
This story is part of The Texas Tribune's yearlong Bordering on Insecurity project.

This article originally appeared in The Texas Tribune at https://www.texastribune.org/2016/11/10/immigrant-dreamers-fear-deportation-nightmare/.
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The Texas Tribune is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.

Immigrant 'dreamers' fear deportation nightmare under Trump By Jay Root and Travis Putnam Hill November 10, 2016 The Texas Tribune is taking a yearlong look at the issues of border security and immigration. This part of the project focuses on how violent gang warfare and grinding poverty are driving new waves of Central American immigration to the United States. Sign up to get story alerts. Of all the people worried about a Donald Trump presidency, few are freaking out more than the young undocumented immigrants who were granted relief from deportation under President Barack Obama's 2012 executive order. Trump promised during his smash-talking presidential run to wipe away the order with a stroke of a pen, and with it the dreams of all those so-called "dreamers" who came out of the shadows under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. On Wednesday, when Trump pulled off a historic upset against pro-DACA candidate Hillary Clinton, the fear that dreamers tried to push out of their minds for the last few months came spewing out. By next year, they could all be facing deportation — in some cases to countries they mostly know from pictures, if at all. "I wouldn't even know how to get around Mexico right now. I have no sense of how things work there, how society works there," said José Manuel Santoyo, 24, who grew up in Corsicana and hasn't been back to his native Mexico since he left as a child in 2001. "Every society runs differently, and I wouldn't know what to do if I was there." Santoyo wound up playing a bit role in the 2016 Republican primaries, when immigration hardliner Thomas McNutt ran against state Rep. Byron Cook of Corsicana. McNutt's family owns the company, Collin Street Bakery, that hired Santoyo even though he was undocumented and at the time didn't have DACA status — a revelation that contributed to McNutt's razor-thin loss to Cook. Santoyo was featured in news stories about the flap over undocumented workers at the bakery. Santoyo's voice cracked when he contemplated his precarious future. He is scheduled to graduate from Southern Methodist University in December, a matter of days before Trump takes the oath of office. He has no idea if he'll be able to get a job or what his legal status will be after that. "People are just afraid of what's going to happen. I feel like that's the worst thing: not knowing what's going to happen. That's what really kills you inside because you want things to be okay, but you don't know what these politicians will actually do in order to maintain their power," he said. "So that's what's impacting a lot of people. It's breaking them down mentally." "People are just afraid of what's going to happen. I feel like that's the worst thing: not knowing what's going to happen. That's what really kills you inside."— José Manuel Santoyo Santoyo joined thousands of fellow DACA beneficiaries who, in the span of a few hours, saw the unthinkable materialize into palpable fear. Jessica Azua went to bed not knowing who won the presidential race Tuesday night and spent Wednesday in a state of shock and worry. She came to the United States from Tampico, Mexico, at the age of 14 to be reunited with a father she hadn't seen in three years. She graduated early from Brackenridge High School in San Antonio and got a business management degree from Texas A&M; University. "I'm sad. I'm angry. I'm scared," said Azua, 25, a community organizer at the Texas Organization Project, or TOP, which fights for immigrants and low-income minorities. "I'm worried about what's going to happen to my family. I'm worried about what's going to happen to my job." Omar Perez, 26, who recently graduated from University of Houston with a degree in mathematics, said he was planning to go to graduate school to study engineering but now figures that's "a really far-fetched idea." He doubts Trump will actually follow through with threats to deport people like him. What he fears instead is returning to the underground economy as an undocumented immigrant with no work authorization. "Once you're undocumented you're treated like a second-class citizen in this country," he said. "It looks like that's going to be the reality." Obama's 2012 order granted relief from deportation to roughly 700,000 undocumented immigrants who arrived here as children. Nearly 200,000 of them are in Texas. The recipients of the relief are named "dreamers" because they were targeted for DACA-like help by the DREAM Act, legislation that was introduced but never passed by the U.S. Congress. DACA was restricted to immigrants without any serious criminal record and who had high school degrees, were on track to get them or an equivalent, or were honorably discharged U.S. military veterans. Besides shielding the immigrants from deportation, DACA gave recipients work permits, allowing them to leave jobs in which they often faced low wages and exploitation. A July 2015 study published by the Center for American Progress, a progressive Washington-based think tank, found that 45 percent of DACA recipients reported a higher wage after receiving the benefit, while about 90 percent said they were able to get a state-issued ID. Another 90 percent said they were offered more educational opportunities with DACA than without. "Our hope is we can appeal to him to not be so cruel and callous about this and have some humanity."— Mary Moreno, community organizer Trump, whose hardline stance on immigration and border security became a signature issue of his winning campaign, said during an August appearance on NBC's Meet The Press that "the [DACA] executive order gets rescinded" in his presidency. "They have to go," he said of those who benefited from it. It's a scary prospect for Edgar Navarrete, 22, a University of Texas at Austin student who helps other immigrants navigate their DACA cases. Navarette hasn't been to his native Coahuila, Mexico, since he was a toddler and couldn't even name the hospital where he was born. He continues to nurture hope that Trump will reverse course, but in the meantime he's had to contemplate the unimaginable: what to do if he is deported. "I would contact a distant relative that I still have over there, and ask them for refuge for a while to figure things out," he said. "And I guess restart my life in Mexico." Mary Moreno, another community organizer working for TOP, said revoking DACA would deal a blow not only to those who are shielded from deportation but also to the employers who are counting on them to show up for work no matter who's in the White House. She said DACA recipients are spread through the state and national economy — working as teachers, nurses and even doctors. "It's still going to be a painful practice to extract that many people from the above-ground economy," she said. "They're doing essential jobs, and if they lose their status they lose their livelihoods, and it's going to have a significant impact on our economy and our state." Despite hearing Trump's tough rhetoric for months, DACA supporters say they will fight to keep the benefit, through protests, community organizing and even direct appeals to Trump. "Our hope is we can appeal to him to not be so cruel and callous about this and have some humanity," said Moreno. "I haven't seen any firm plans yet, but we are definitely going fight to preserve DACA." Read related Tribune coverage here: Undocumented immigrants in Texas are taking a glass-half-full approach as a 2012 initiative that has benefited hundreds of thousands of immigrants marks its four-year anniversary. But will that optimism last after the November election? Marcos Valencia was raised in Indiana, but in the eyes of the law, his home is the cartel-infested state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, where he was born. Now he's stuck in Mexico, unable to return to the country where he grew up. Reporter Julián Aguilar contributed to this story. This story is part of The Texas Tribune's yearlong Bordering on Insecurity project. "Immigrant 'dreamers' fear deportation nightmare under Trump" was first published at by The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.
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Slain Tiger's mother stopped from leaving for Canada: HC Shelly Whiting responds
31st October 2014 Karu LATEST UPDATES, SPECIAL NEWS, SRI LANKA NEWS, Uncategorized 0
Canadian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka and the Maldives Shelley Whiting yesterday issued a statement challenging front-page news item headlined 'Slain Tiger's mother stopped from leaving for Canada' published in The Island issue of the October 22. She, however, declined to discuss the specific case mentioned in the article. The following is the statement issued by the Canadian High Commissioner: "There is absolutely no basis for insinuations attributed to a senior security official suggesting that there is a diplomatic initiative to relocate Tiger relatives.
This is categorically false. Let me be absolutely clear: there is no Canadian diplomatic initiative to relocate relatives of the LTTE. To suggest so is erroneous, inaccurate and baseless fear mongering.
Canada has long recognised that there were multiple parties to the complex and decades-long conflict that devastated Sri Lanka. The Government of Canada and I personally, have stated on repeated occasions that the LTTE was responsible for untold suffering in Sri Lanka and did not faithfully represent the political aspirations of the communities they purported to represent. In recognition of this, Canada listed the LTTE as a terrorist entity in 2006 and further proscribed the World Tamil Movement (WTM) in 2009 to help stop the flow of funding to the LTTE. Both of these organizations remain banned in Canada today. Canada joined many others in the international community in welcoming the LTTE's defeat in 2009.
All visa applications at the High Commission are carefully considered on a case-by-case basis by visa officers and visas are issued in accordance with Canada's Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. While I cannot speak to the specific case highlighted in this article, I can state that Canadian visa officers, in considering a visa application, make their decisions based on the information the applicant provides. If that information is later discovered to be incomplete, false or misleading, measures can be taken, including revoking the visa.
I trust that this has helped to clarify the situation for your readers.
News Editor: The Island stands by its story. Having contradicted the report, HC Whiting's refusal to discuss how the mother of slain terrorist received a visa is surprising. In fact, Canada has refused to reveal the identities of those who had sought asylum after having entered the country through illegal means. Asylum seekers included those who fled to Canada from Sri Lanka's North as well as from India after the conclusion of the conflict in May 2009.
Thundering wakeup call from voiceless people of Sri Lankla
Sri Lanka downplays India's concerns on death sentences to fishermen
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Vera Institute of Justice | New Initiative to Address Overlooked…
Newsroom / Press Release November 21, 2017
New Initiative to Address Overlooked Driver of Mass Incarceration
In Our Backyards, launching with $4 million support from Google.org, expands the criminal justice conversation beyond urban areas into small cities and rural communities
New York, NY—Progress towards ending mass incarceration is underway in America's urban centers. But research from the Vera Institute of Justice (Vera) shows an unexpected shift in the geography of incarceration: America's most outsized jails are now in the least populous areas, which means we will only undo mass incarceration by focusing energy and attention beyond cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Houston. To drive that effort, Vera today launched In Our Backyards, an expansive initiative supported by a $4 million grant from Google.org as part of its Racial Justice and Inclusion work.
Through In Our Backyards, the Vera team will uncover what has been driving the rapid growth of incarceration over the past two decades in the thousands of smaller cities and towns that account for nearly half of the country's population. Vera will use data and analysis in partnership with local communities, governments, and advocates to reverse this trend. While small cities and smaller towns have never been at the center of the conversation about mass incarceration, they now bear increasingly heavier burdens. It is time to shift our understanding of mass incarceration from a problem that only resides in big cities to a challenge that now touches every community in America. We must expand our view of whose problem it is, and who has an interest in solving it.
In 2015, Vera launched Incarceration Trends with the support of the Robert Wilson Charitable Trust and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. This first-in-kind data tool meticulously pieced together 45 years of jail data for nearly every American county and revealed this shifting incarceration problem. It showed that while urban jail populations have fallen, rural and small city jail populations are still growing—even as "red," "blue," and "purple" states across the country are taking steps to reduce the size of their prison populations. The highest incarceration rates are now far from big cities and their surrounding suburbs.
When looked at through the prism of last year's election, data shows that primarily rural counties that voted for Trump had a 53 percent higher jail admissions rate than those that voted for Clinton. In fact, Vera's analysis has uncovered that jail incarceration is less prevalent in urban communities, regardless of race. And while the number of Black people in jail across the country has decreased slightly while the numbers of Latinos and Whites have risen, corrosive racial disparities still persist—and are felt the most profoundly in rural areas. These realities provide a window into the pain of small town America, and speak to larger socioeconomic factors such as shrinking economies, deteriorating public health, negligible services and pervasive addiction.
"You need to understand a problem to find a solution," said Nicholas Turner, president of Vera. "Until uncovered by our Incarceration Trends analysis, no one actually knew that small and rural counties have been the major sources of incarceration's growth since the mid to late 1990s. The urgency of ending mass incarceration has been felt profoundly by urban America and communities of color. What this research shows us is that mostly white, rural America has an interest in ending it, too. They've just not been in the conversation. Thanks to Google.org's generous support, we will be better able to tell the story of what's going on in our nation's backyards—from those in cities to those in rural America."
The Google.org grant will provide Vera the resources needed to expand the Incarceration Trends tool and include information on the number of people sent to prison from each U.S. county, as well as a host of other public safety, crime, economic, and demographic metrics that better contextualize each community's incarceration trends. Vera will also conduct in-depth interviews with residents and stakeholders in small cities and rural counties across the county to paint a fuller picture of the often overlooked economic, social, and political environments that lead to high rates of incarceration. Data and communications experts from Google.org will generously provide in-kind support, and we're also working with the Google.org team to identify volunteer opportunities for their technical employees. Using innovative communication tools, In Our Backyards will integrate a public awareness campaign that ultimately reframes the narrative of mass incarceration as a local and personal issue—one that can be solved if we engage all people.
"Vera is doing important work to expand the narrative of mass incarceration to include small towns and rural communities where jail populations are increasing most," said Justin Steele, principal at Google.org and Racial Justice Giving lead. "We're proud to support Vera's creation of a local jail data set and an accessible visualization tool to help end mass incarceration in these communities. Vera is our second largest grantee in our Racial Justice Portfolio, and we look forward to exploring ways that our employees can volunteer and help Vera with their efforts."
"Mass incarceration has spread beyond the large cities where it took root and now affects nearly every American community," said Christian Henrichson, research director of Vera's Center on Sentencing and Corrections. "This means that it is mathematically impossible to end mass incarceration if the number of people behind bars in small counties does not take the same downward trajectory as it recently has in big cities."
The Grant
In its efforts to advance equity and inclusion, Google.org's Inclusion and Racial Justice grant funding is focused on supporting organizations that are addressing racial bias and inequity in the U.S., particularly in the criminal justice system. The Google.org grant awarded to Vera will total $4 million over three years, and will fund additional staff to perform quantitative and qualitative research and boost its public affairs and communications capacity, technology investments, and resources to support dissemination and story-telling initiatives.
About The Vera Institute of Justice
The Vera Institute of Justice is an independent nonprofit national research and policy organization that works to build and improve justice systems that ensure fairness, promote safety, and strengthen communities.
About Google.Org and the Racial Justice Portfolio
Google.org supports nonprofits that innovate to address humanitarian issues. Since launching in 2005, Google.org has sought out nonprofit innovators that apply radical, data-driven innovation to solving the world's biggest challenges. It's been two years since we first launched our formal Google.org racial justice portfolio, and with this announcement, we've now given $32 million to organizations focused on racial and social justice, and engaged our employees in skills-based volunteering engagements with these organizations.
Contact: Hilary Lyons, 914-874-6815, hlyons@globalstrategygroup.com
Action Area
Incarceration's Front Door
The Misuse of Jails in America
Local jails exist in nearly every town and city in America. Intended to house only people deemed to be a danger to society or a flight risk, jails have become massive warehouses primarily for those too poor to post even low bail or too sick for existing community resources to help. And the burden of jail incarceration doesn't fall on everyone equal ...
Ram Subramanian, Ruth Delaney, Stephen Roberts, Nancy Fishman, Peggy McGarry
Incarceration Trends
Data tool on jail and prison populations in every U.S. county
In 2014, the nationwide jail incarceration rate of 326 per 100,000 county residents exceeded the highest county rates registered in the 1970s, which rarely exceeded 300 per 100,000.
Large Cities Drive Nationwide Jail Population Decline; Jails in Most Rural Counties Still Growing
The source of this data, the Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ), does not cover every jail in the United States. Its main purpose is to estimate the national jail population. The survey covers all large jails, but only a sample of smaller jails. For example, though rural counties have the highest incarceration rates, the ASJ collects data in only 14 perc ...
Olive Lu


7 Haunted Places in India that will Scare even the Bravest !
CAUTION: not for the faint hearted! India is a true kaleidoscope of diverse landscape and natural wonders like lofty mountains, sparkling lakes, Turquoise Ocean, luxuriant vegetation and crystal blue lagoons… continue reading 7 Haunted Places in India that will Scare even the Bravest !


CLEMSON, S.C. — Grace Barnett was named to the 2015 All-ACC Academic Team for women's indoor track & field, the conference office announced Wednesday. Barnett was the lone representative from the Tigers' program.
The Pawleys Island, S.C., native had an outstanding debut indoor campaign as a redshirt freshman. She was All-ACC after placing third in the mile at the league meet in Blacksburg, Va. During the season, she established Clemson's third-fastest mile in history — a time of 4:41.85 in a win at the Tyson Invitational. It was one of two prestigious wins for Barnett, who also took the top prize at the Armory Track Invitational in New York City.
Barnett is a sophomore academically, and is majoring in elementary education. She was a member of the 2013-14 ACC Academic Honor Roll.


text:
Channel 4 Radio Network
Channel 4 Radio Network was launched in June 1997 and remains the first ever commercial radio network in the United Arab Emirates. Innovation and effectiveness have always been the key to our business and with the change in the media landscape of the region, we're giving listeners a great new way of interacting with the station while implementing our strategy to develop new revenue modules. Having being accorded the highest listenership ratings* in the region, our stations include prominent brands such as 104.8 Channel 4FM, 89.1 Radio 4FM, 107.8 Al Rabia FM, Gold 101.3 FM.
Channel 4 Radio Network is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ajman Independent Studios LLC.
Our brands are at the heart of what we do and create valuable connections between you, our customers and our consumers. Our intention is to create radio's future in the region and within our broad portfolio of programming and content you will see new and exciting services sitting alongside our trusted and proven heritage stations.
With a combined audience of around 4 million+, we can offer you unrivalled access to commercial radio's listeners. We also deliver opportunities across the industry for consulting & developing radio in new & existing markets through our team of specialized programming & marketing consultants.
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Let's connect and share the love
For all sales information and to enquire about advertising, please contact: frontdesk@ch4network.com
© Copyright 2023 Channel 4 Radio Network - Sole Operator Ajman Independent Studios LLC


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				add_action( 'WPML_translation_queue_do_actions_export_xliff_12', array( $this, 'translation_queue_do_actions_export_xliff' ), 10, 1 );
				add_action( 'WPML_translation_queue_do_actions_export_xliff_11', array( $this, 'translation_queue_do_actions_export_xliff' ), 10, 1 );
				add_action( 'WPML_translation_queue_do_actions_export_xliff_10', array( $this, 'translation_queue_do_actions_export_xliff' ), 10, 1 );

				add_action( 'WPML_translator_notification', array( $this, 'translator_notification' ), 10, 0 );

				add_filter( 'WPML_new_job_notification', array( $this, 'new_job_notification' ), 10, 2 );
				add_filter( 'WPML_new_job_notification_body', array( $this, 'new_job_notification_body' ), 10, 2 );
				add_filter( 'WPML_new_job_notification_attachments', array( $this, 'new_job_notification_attachments' ) );
			}

			if ( $this->wpml_xliff_action === 'download' && wp_verify_nonce( $this->nonce, 'xliff-export' ) ) {
				$this->export_xliff();
			}

			if ( $this->xliff_upload && $this->file_to_import ) {
				$this->error = $this->import_xliff( $this->file_to_import );
				if ( is_wp_error($this->error) ) {
					add_action( 'admin_notices', array( $this, '_error' ) );
				}
			}

			if ( $this->icl_tm_action == 'save_notification_settings' ) {
				$include_xliff = false;
				if ( $this->include_xliff ) {
					$include_xliff = true;
				}

				$sitepress->save_settings( array( 'include_xliff_in_notification' => $include_xliff ) );
				$sitepress_settings[ 'include_xliff_in_notification' ] = $include_xliff;
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	function ajax_calls($call, $data){
        global $sitepress;
				switch($call){
					case 'set_xliff_newlines':
						$method = intval($data['icl_xliff_newlines']);
						$iclsettings['xliff_newlines'] = $method;
						$sitepress->save_settings($iclsettings);
						echo json_encode(array('message'=>'OK', 'value_saved' => $method));
						break;
				}
	}

	function new_job_notification($mail, $job_id) {
		global $sitepress_settings;

		if (isset($sitepress_settings['include_xliff_in_notification']) && $sitepress_settings['include_xliff_in_notification']) {
			$xliff_file = $this->get_xliff_file($job_id);

			require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/file.php');
			$temp_dir = get_temp_dir();

			$file_name = $temp_dir . get_bloginfo( 'name' ) . '-translation-job-' . $job_id . '.xliff';

			$fh = fopen($file_name, 'w');
			if ($fh) {
				fwrite($fh, $xliff_file);
				fclose($fh);
				$mail['attachment'] = $file_name;

				$this->attachments[$job_id] = $file_name;

				$mail['body'] .= __(' - An xliff file is attached.', 'wpml-xliff');
			}
		}

		return $mail;
	}

	function new_job_notification_body($body, $tj_url) {

		if (strpos($body, __(' - An xliff file is attached.', 'wpml-xliff')) !== FALSE) {
			$body = str_replace(sprintf(__('You can view your other translation jobs here: %s', 'sitepress'), $tj_url), sprintf(__('To return the completed translation and view other translation jobs, go here: %s', 'wpml-xliff'), $tj_url) . "\n" . sprintf(__('For help, see translator guidelines: %s', 'wpml-xliff'), 'https://wpml.org/?page_id=8021'), $body);
		}

		return $body;
	}

	function _get_zip_name_from_attachments() {
		return $this->_get_zip_name_from_jobs(array_keys($this->attachments));
	}

	function _get_zip_name_from_jobs($job_ids) {
		$min_job = min($job_ids);
		$max_job = max($job_ids);

		if ($max_job == $min_job) {
			return get_bloginfo( 'name' ) . '-translation-job-' . $max_job . '.zip';
		} else {
			return get_bloginfo( 'name' ) . '-translation-job-' . $min_job . '-' . $max_job . '.zip';
		}
	}

	function new_job_notification_attachments($attachments) {

		// check for xliff attachments and add them to a zip file.

		$found = false;

		require_once( WPML_XLIFF_PATH . '/inc/CreateZipFile.inc.php' );
		$archive = new CreateZipFile();

		foreach ($attachments as $index => $attachment) {
			if (in_array($attachment, $this->attachments)) {
				$fh = fopen($attachment, 'r');
				$xliff_file = fread($fh, filesize($attachment));
				fclose($fh);
				$archive->addFile($xliff_file, basename($attachment));

				unset($attachments[$index]);
				$found = true;
			}
		}

		if ($found) {
			// add the zip file to the attachments.
			$archive_data = $archive->getZippedfile();

			require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/file.php');
			$temp_dir = get_temp_dir();

			$file_name = $temp_dir . $this->_get_zip_name_from_attachments();

			$fh = fopen($file_name, 'w');
			fwrite($fh, $archive_data);
			fclose($fh);

			$attachments[] = $file_name;

		}
		return $attachments;
	}

	function get_xliff_file( $job_id, $xliff_version = '1.2' ) {
		global $iclTranslationManagement, $sitepress;

		$new_line = "\n";

		$job = $iclTranslationManagement->get_translation_job((int)$job_id, false, false, 1); // don't include not-translatable and don't auto-assign

		$xliff_file = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>' . $new_line;

		if ( 0 == strcmp( $xliff_version, '1.0' ) ){
			//add DOCTYPE only for version 1.0
			$xliff_file .= '<!DOCTYPE xliff PUBLIC "-//XLIFF//DTD XLIFF//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xliff/documents/xliff.dtd">' . $new_line;
			$xliff_namespace = '';
		}else{
			//for other versions add namespace
			$xliff_namespace = 'xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:'.$xliff_version.'"';
		}

		$xliff_file .= '<xliff version="'.$xliff_version.'" '.$xliff_namespace .'>'. $new_line;
		$xliff_file .= '   <file original="' . $job_id . '-'. md5($job_id . $job->original_doc_id) . '" source-language="' . $job->source_language_code . '" target-language="' . $job->language_code . '" datatype="plaintext">' . $new_line;
		$xliff_file .= '      ' . $new_line;
		$xliff_file .= '      ' . $new_line;

		foreach ($job->elements as $element) {
			if ($element->field_translate == '1') {

				$field_data = $element->field_data;
				$field_data_translated = $element->field_data_translated;

				$field_data_translated = $iclTranslationManagement->decode_field_data($field_data_translated, $element->field_format);
				$field_data = $iclTranslationManagement->decode_field_data($field_data, $element->field_format);

				// check for untranslated fields and copy the original if required.

				if (!isset($field_data_translated) || $field_data_translated == '') {
					$field_data_translated = $field_data;
				}
				// check for empty array
				if (is_array($field_data_translated)) {
					$empty = true;
					foreach($field_data_translated as $translated_value) {
						if ($translated_value != '') {
							$empty = false;
							break;
						}

					}
					if ($empty) {
						$field_data_translated = $field_data;
					}
				}
				if (is_array($field_data)) {
					$field_data = implode(', ', $field_data);
				}
				if (is_array($field_data_translated)) {
					$field_data_translated = implode(', ', $field_data_translated);
				}

				if ($field_data != '') {

					if ($sitepress->get_setting('xliff_newlines') == WPML_XLIFF_NEWLINES_REPLACE) {
						$field_data = str_replace("\n", '
', $field_data);
						$field_data_translated = str_replace("\n", '
', $field_data_translated);
					}

					$xliff_file .= '         <trans-unit resname="' . $element->field_type. '" restype="string" datatype="html" id="' . $element->field_type. '">' . $new_line;

					$xliff_file .= '            <source><![CDATA[' . $field_data . ']]></source>' . $new_line;

					$xliff_file .= '            <target><![CDATA[' . $field_data_translated . ']]></target>' . $new_line;

					$xliff_file .= '         </trans-unit>' . $new_line;
				}
			}
		}

		$xliff_file .= '      ' . $new_line;
		$xliff_file .= '   </file>' . $new_line;
		$xliff_file .= '</xliff>';

		return $xliff_file;
	}

	function export_xliff() {
		global $wpdb, $current_user;
		get_currentuserinfo();

		$data = $this->xliff_export_data;
		$data = unserialize(base64_decode($data));

		//by default set xliff version to 1.2
		$xliff_version = '1.2';
		//check for required xliff version from action name
		if ( isset( $data['action2'] )) {
			$xliff_action = $data['action2'];
			//we are looking for action in format: export_xliff_VERSION
			if (strpos($xliff_action, 'export_xliff_') === 0){
				switch( ltrim( $xliff_action, 'export_xliff_') ){

					case '10' : $xliff_version = '1.0';
								break;
					case '11' : $xliff_version = '1.1';
								break;
					case '12' : $xliff_version = '1.2';
								break;
				}
			}
		};

		require_once( WPML_XLIFF_PATH . '/inc/CreateZipFile.inc.php' );
		$archive = new CreateZipFile();

		$job_ids = array();
		foreach ($data['job'] as $job_id => $dummy) {
			$xliff_file = $this->get_xliff_file($job_id, $xliff_version);

			// assign the job to this translator
			$rid = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT rid FROM {$wpdb->prefix}icl_translate_job WHERE job_id=%d", $job_id));
			$wpdb->update($wpdb->prefix . 'icl_translate_job', array('translator_id' => $current_user->ID), array('job_id'=>$job_id));
			$wpdb->update($wpdb->prefix . 'icl_translation_status',
				array('translator_id' => $current_user->ID),
				array('rid'=>$rid)
			);

			$archive->addFile($xliff_file, get_bloginfo( 'name' ) . '-translation-job-' . $job_id . '.xliff');

			$job_ids[] = $job_id;
		}

		$archive_data = $archive->getZippedfile();
		header( "Content-Type: application/force-download" );
		header( "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" );
		header( "Content-Type: application/download" );
		header( "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=" . $this->_get_zip_name_from_jobs( $job_ids ) );
		header( "Content-Length: " . strlen( $archive_data ) );

		echo $archive_data;
		exit;
	}

	function _stop_redirect($location) {
		// Stop any redirects from happening when we call the
		// translation manager to save the translations.
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $file
	 *
	 * @return bool|WP_Error
	 */
	function import_xliff($file) {

		global $current_user;
		get_currentuserinfo();

		// We don't want any redirects happening when we save the translation
		add_filter( 'wp_redirect', array( $this, '_stop_redirect' ) );

		global $iclTranslationManagement;

		$this->success = array();

		$contents = array();

		// test for a zip file
		$zip_file = false;

		if($file[ 'tmp_name' ]) {
			$fh = fopen( $file[ 'tmp_name' ], 'r' );
			if ( $fh ) {
				$data = fread( $fh, 4 );
				fclose( $fh );

				if ( $data[ 0 ] == 'P' && $data[ 1 ] == 'K' && $data[ 2 ] == chr( 03 ) && $data[ 3 ] == chr( 04 ) ) {
					$zip_file = true;
				}

				if ( $zip_file ) {
					if ( class_exists( 'ZipArchive' ) ) {
						$z = new ZipArchive();

						// PHP4-compat - php4 classes can't contain constants
						$zopen = $z->open( $file[ 'tmp_name' ], /* ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS */
						                   4 );
						if ( true !== $zopen ) {
							return new WP_Error( 'incompatible_archive', __( 'Incompatible Archive.' ) );
						}

						for ( $i = 0; $i < $z->numFiles; $i ++ ) {
							if ( ! $info = $z->statIndex( $i ) ) {
								return new WP_Error( 'stat_failed', __( 'Could not retrieve file from archive.' ) );
							}

							$content = $z->getFromIndex( $i );
							if ( false === $content ) {
								return new WP_Error( 'extract_failed', __( 'Could not extract file from archive.' ), $info[ 'name' ] );
							}

							$contents[ $info[ 'name' ] ] = $content;
						}
					} else {
						require_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/class-pclzip.php' );

						$archive = new PclZip( $file[ 'tmp_name' ] );

						// Is the archive valid?
						if ( false == ( $archive_files = $archive->extract( PCLZIP_OPT_EXTRACT_AS_STRING ) ) ) {
							return new WP_Error( 'incompatible_archive', __( 'Incompatible Archive.' ), $archive->errorInfo( true ) );
						}

						if ( 0 == count( $archive_files ) ) {
							return new WP_Error( 'empty_archive', __( 'Empty archive.' ) );
						}

						foreach ( $archive_files as $content ) {
							$contents[ $content[ 'filename' ] ] = $content[ 'content' ];
						}
					}
				} else {
					$fh   = fopen( $file[ 'tmp_name' ], 'r' );
					$data = fread( $fh, $file[ 'size' ] );
					fclose( $fh );
					$contents[ $file[ 'name' ] ] = $data;
				}

				foreach ( $contents as $name => $content ) {
					if ( ! function_exists( 'simplexml_load_string' ) ) {
						return new WP_Error( 'xml_missing', __( 'The Simple XML library is missing.', 'wpml-xliff' ) );
					}
					$xml = simplexml_load_string( $content );

					if ( ! $xml ) {
						return new WP_Error( 'not_xml_file', sprintf( __( 'The xliff file (%s) could not be read.', 'wpml-xliff' ), $name ) );
					}

					$file_attributes = $xml->file->attributes();
					if ( ! $file_attributes || ! isset( $file_attributes[ 'original' ] ) ) {
						return new WP_Error( 'not_xml_file', sprintf( __( 'The xliff file (%s) could not be read.', 'wpml-xliff' ), $name ) );
					}

					$original = (string) $file_attributes[ 'original' ];
					list( $job_id, $md5 ) = explode( '-', $original );

					$job = $iclTranslationManagement->get_translation_job( (int) $job_id, false, false, 1 ); // don't include not-translatable and don't auto-assign

					if ( ! $job || ( $md5 != md5( $job_id . $job->original_doc_id ) ) ) {
						return new WP_Error( 'xliff_doesnt_match', __( 'The uploaded xliff file doesn\'t belong to this system.', 'wpml-xliff' ) );
					}

					if ( $current_user->ID != $job->translator_id ) {
						return new WP_Error( 'not_your_job', sprintf( __( 'The translation job (%s) doesn\'t belong to you.', 'wpml-xliff' ), $job_id ) );
					}

					$data = array( 'job_id' => $job_id, 'fields' => array(), 'complete' => 1 );

					foreach ( $xml->file->body->children() as $node ) {
						$attr   = $node->attributes();
						$type   = (string) $attr[ 'id' ];
						$source = (string) $node->source;
						$target = (string) $node->target;

						foreach ( $job->elements as $element ) {
							if ( $element->field_type == $type ) {
								$target = str_replace( '
', "\n", $target );
								if ( $element->field_format == 'csv_base64' ) {
									$target = explode( ',', $target );
								}
								$field                 = array();
								$field[ 'data' ]       = $target;
								$field[ 'finished' ]   = 1;
								$field[ 'tid' ]        = $element->tid;
								$field[ 'field_type' ] = $element->field_type;
								$field[ 'format' ]     = $element->field_format;

								$data[ 'fields' ][ ] = $field;
								break;
							}
						}
					}

					$iclTranslationManagement->save_translation( $data );

					$this->success[ ] = sprintf( __( 'Translation of job %s has been uploaded and completed.', 'wpml-xliff' ), $job_id );
				}

				if ( sizeof( $this->success ) > 0 ) {
					add_action( 'admin_notices', array( $this, '_success' ) );

					return true;
				}
			} else {
				return new WP_Error( 'temp_file_missing', __( 'Temporary file is missing.' ) );
			}
		} else {
			return new WP_Error( 'no_file_chosen', __( 'No file chosen.' ) );
		}
		return false;
	}

	function translation_queue_add_actions($actions) {
		$actions['export_xliff_12'] = __('Export XLIFF 1.2', 'wpml-xliff');
		$actions['export_xliff_11'] = __('Export XLIFF 1.1', 'wpml-xliff');
		$actions['export_xliff_10'] = __('Export XLIFF 1.0', 'wpml-xliff');

		return $actions;
	}

	function translation_queue_do_actions_export_xliff($data) {

		if (isset($data['job'])) {
			// Add an on load javascript event and redirect to a download link.

			$data = base64_encode(serialize($data));
			$nonce = wp_create_nonce('xliff-export');
			?>

			<?php
		} else {
			$this->error = new WP_Error('xliff_no_documents', __('No translation jobs were selected for export.', 'wpml-xliff'));
	        add_action('admin_notices', array($this, '_error'));
		}
	}

    function menu(){
	    if(!defined('ICL_PLUGIN_PATH')) return;
        $top_page = apply_filters('icl_menu_main_page', basename(ICL_PLUGIN_PATH).'/menu/languages.php');

        add_submenu_page($top_page,
							__('XLIFF','wpml-xliff'),
							__('XLIFF','wpml-xliff'), 'manage_options',
							'wpml-xliff', array($this,'menu_content'));
    }

    function menu_content(){
        global $wpdb;

        include WPML_XLIFF_PATH . '/menu/management.php';
    }

    function _no_wpml_warning(){
        ?>

<?php printf(__('WPML XLIFF is enabled but not effective. It requires WPML in order to work.', 'wpml-translation-management'),
            'https://wpml.org/'); ?>

        <?php
    }

    function _error(){
        ?>

<?php echo $this->error->get_error_message()?>

        <?php
    }

    function _success(){
        ?>

		<?php
			foreach($this->success as $message) {
				echo '
' . $message . '
';
			}
		?>

        <?php
    }

    // Localization
    function plugin_localization(){
        load_plugin_textdomain( 'wpml-xliff', false, WPML_XLIFF_FOLDER . '/locale');
    }

    function js_scripts(){
		global $pagenow;

		if(!defined('WPML_TM_FOLDER')) return;

		if ($pagenow == 'admin.php' && $this->page == WPML_TM_FOLDER . '/menu/translations-queue.php') {
	        $form_data = '
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" id="translation-xliff-upload" action="">';
			$form_data .= '

' . __('Import XLIFF', 'wpml-xliff') . '

';

			$form_data .= '' . __('Select the xliff file or zip file to upload from your computer: ', 'wpml-xliff') . '';
			$form_data .= '<input type="file" id="upload-xliff-file" name="import" /><input type="submit" value="' . __('Upload', 'wpml-xliff') . '" name="xliff_upload" id="xliff_upload" class="button-secondary action" />';

			$form_data .=  '

';

			$form_data .= '</form>';
			?>

			<?php
		}
	}

	function translator_notification() {
		global $sitepress_settings;

		$checked = '';
		if (isset($sitepress_settings['include_xliff_in_notification']) && $sitepress_settings['include_xliff_in_notification']) {
			$checked = 'checked="checked"';
		}
		?>
		<input type="checkbox" name="include_xliff" id="icl_include_xliff" value="1" <?php echo $checked; ?>/>
        <?php _e('Include XLIFF files in notification emails', 'wpml-xliff'); ?>
		<?php

	}

	private function filter_inputs() {
		$this->page              = filter_input( INPUT_GET, 'page', FILTER_SANITIZE_URL, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE );
		$this->nonce             = filter_input( INPUT_GET, 'nonce', FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE );
		$this->wpml_xliff_action = filter_input( INPUT_GET, 'wpml_xliff_action', FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE );
		$this->xliff_export_data = filter_input( INPUT_GET, 'xliff_export_data', FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE );
		$this->xliff_upload      = filter_input( INPUT_POST,'xliff_upload', FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE );
		$this->file_to_import    = $this->xliff_upload && isset( $_FILES[ 'import' ] ) ? $_FILES[ 'import' ] : null;
		$this->icl_tm_action     = filter_input( INPUT_POST, 'icl_tm_action', FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE );
		$this->include_xliff     = filter_input( INPUT_POST, 'include_xliff', FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE );
	}
}

global $WPML_xliff;
if(!isset($WPML_xliff)) {
	$WPML_xliff = new WPML_xliff();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Robert G. Moore has been the Senior Vice President of Finance and Administration and Treasurer at Colorado College since January 2009 and serves as its Chief Financial Officer.
Mr. Moore served as Vice President of Budget and Finance at the University of Colorado, a post he has held for three years. His experience includes 13 years of leadership in Colorado institutions of higher education and strong experience in budgeting, capital planning, human resources and debt strategy and management. Mr. Moore served as a Vice President of Finance and Operations and Treasurer at the Colorado School of Mines from 1995 to 2005, Deputy Executive Director of the Colorado Commission on Higher Education from 1988 to 1995 and Staff Director at the Joint Budget Committee of the Colorado General Assembly from 1977 to 1988.
Mr. Moore received his B.S. degree in Business Administration from Northern Arizona University. He received his Master's Degree in Public Administration from the University of Colorado at Denver.


text:
Rolex Movements: A Study in Simplicity
Crown & Caliber
When discussing the various movement systems out there in the watch manufacturing world, there is overwhelming agreement that the Rolex watch movement is one of the best in terms of accuracy, reliability, and durability. This would explain why the company hasn't changed the way they make their watches much since the Rolex 3135 movement was introduced almost 30 years ago. Despite some comments that the Rolex movement is not the most aesthetically interesting or complex system out there, Rolex is one of very few watch manufacturers in the world that make just about every single component for their watches, and because their watches have proven to work consistently well over time, they maintain their popularity and prestige in the secondhand market.
The 3000 Series of Rolex Movements
The Rolex 3035 movement is the earliest iteration of this current in-house system, developed and introduced in 1977. An improvement on Rolex's 1500 series, the 3035 movement increased the balance speed from 19,800 BPH to 28,800 BPH, allowing for more accurate timekeeping and setting an industry standard. The Rolex 3035 movement was the first automatic self-winding watch mechanism with a quick-set function, used on men's Date, Datejust, and Sea Dweller watches, as well as some Submariner watch models. These changes also introduced the smooth tick of the seconds hand that has become associated with the Rolex brand.
Image courtesy of chronometrie.com
Released in 1988, the Rolex 3135 movement became the basis for all future Rolex watch movements through the present, improving the overall durability and reliability of the watches and making them technically easier to service. Many pre-owned Submariner watch movements will be the part of the Rolex 3100 series, as well as Datejust, Explorer, Date, and GMT models, but the Rolex 3135 movement didn't appear in its Air King or Oyster Perpetual models until 2001, when the Rolex 3130 movement was introduced.
The 3130 watch movement is essentially the same as its immediate predecessor, boasting an ability to withstand everyday use while keeping time accurately. The only difference between this and the Rolex 3135 movement is that the 3130 watch movement does not have a date function in any of the watch models that use it, as seen in Air King and some Oyster Perpetual, Explorer, and Submariner watch movements.
Rolex Movement: Continuation of Quality
Introduced in 2000 around the same time as the 3130 movement, the Rolex 4130 movement was the company's first system entirely designed and manufactured in-house, made exclusively for the Rolex Daytona Chronograph. Replacing the Daytona's previous Zenith movement, the development of the Rolex Daytona 4130 movement has simplified an already uncomplicated Rolex watch movement, featuring less moving parts than any other modern chronograph while maximizing its time-keeping accuracy and reserve power.
Image from Hodinkee.com
With its focus on the reliability of its watches, the Rolex movement is considered to be almost unparalleled in durability and precision, even as it continues to be one of the largest and most popular brands in the industry. In fact, according to yearly COSC certification statistics, Rolex produces the highest number of chronometers of any mechanical movement manufacturer. Its reliance on the famed and time-tested "work horse" 3135 watch movement has brought the Rolex brand success, which is why it's no surprise that Rolex's innovations to its watch movement systems tend to improve on what's already proven to work.
Rolexwatch movements
Q&A With NOMOS CEO, Uwe Ahrendt
How to Buy a Used Rolex Online


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Slot Car Magazine
Ric Woods – Editorial
Ric began racing at the age of 11 with an Airfix set and went on to join the Blyth ECRA club at the age of 15. When the club folded, Ric was forced to embark on a spectacularly unsuccessful music career instead. He came back to club racing in 2003, achieving some success particularly in endurance racing in the UK and mainland Europe. He is currently enjoying his 'home racer' status.
Marc Abbott – Graphics
Marc has raced slot cars since he was 13 when he joined a club racing BSCRA cars. During his 30s, he decided that hard-bodied Scalextric-type cars were more to his liking and joined The West London Scalextric Club, later moving to become a committee member of the Nascot Wood Slot Car Club (formerly Burnt Oak)
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Options Strategies! 3 Reasons to Start News-Trading!
In previous materials I mentioned it's not reasonable to use fundamental analysis as an option strategy, because, usually, only long-term rate movement if forecasted this way, while options can be bought only for short terms. Though, any rule has exceptions, and here we'll talk about a fundamental strategy letting earn with options. I admit that I love this strategy most and thus, always recommend using it.
2.How to Trade with This Option Strategy?
News is one of essential tools for any fundamentalist-trader. As a rule, they use them to predict the rate of currency, stock or precious metal. And the news are quite different. They are updates of official GDP figures, the consumer price index, interest rate of the Central Bank, the volume of sales, etc.Each of these parameters has a higher impact on the asset, but this effect is different.So, even with the slight increase in interest rates, the exchange rate may react sharply, covering several tens or even hundreds of pips in seconds. But consumer price indices do not have a significant impact, and to price changes, there should be more significant and sudden change.
There are lots of news-trading rules, and you can study themeither in theory, or while trading (I used the latter). Trading with this strategy is not very simple, but not so difficult. You should just realize several main parameters' value and then start trading, analyzing other parameters at the same time.
If you think you'll have to watch economical news of major world nations, you're wrong. Traders worked this way in previous times, but nowadays Internet lets you the multitude of economical calendars, where not very news are publishes but parameters mentioned there, expected values, traders' feelings, importance of news, etc. Using such a calendar, you don't even need study much about a single news, but just click at a parameter (GDP, for example) and you'll see info about what it is and how it affects the market. Though, most traders don't do this, suffering losses. Don't think that if one parameter rises, so does the price. It occurs with many characteristics, but, for example, the higher is unemployment rate, the lower is the currency rate.
One should forget that when trading at currency market, they deal with two tools – it must be concerned in the analysis. For instance, the euro-dollar chart. You have to choose US and EU news in the economical calendar. Furthermore, euro is the first in this pair, so if German GDP rises, so will do the rate, but if US GDP rises, the rate will fall.
How to Trade with This Option Strategy?
Firstly, you need to learn, how a single news affects the market. You can do this either with articles on the Net, or with an economical calendar, clicking on a matching header. You'd better start trading with some knowledge about popular and important types of news and which impact they have on your asset.
After studying all info, you can open an economical calendar and study it then. Be advised: you need only news related to your asset. For example, if you trade with dollar-Swiss frank pair, German or Russian GDP is useless for you.
Most make a mistake, trading with euro-charts. Remember: you don't need the whole EU, but only nations using this currency. For example, UK is the member of EU, but it has its own currency, so, its economy doesn't affect EUR rate.
When you've chosen types of news you need, just wait for them and place your bets. You must buy options in a moment, right after the parameter appears, because the rate will change significantly, but abruptly – so, you don't have much time to make a decision. Here's my advice: open two tabs in the browser: the first is your economical calendar, the second is a big button "BUY".
US GDP for the previous period totaled 40 000 USD per capita. The rise to 43 000 USD was expected, but by the time the news has been published, it rose only to 41 000 USD. It's unclear in this case, and difficult to define how the price will behave. Dollar ca neither rise or fall or stay still, because most traders' expectations haven't turned true. In such cases, one is not recommended to enter the market, especially a novice.
Usually, news-trading gives much more profits than any other ones. With it, you can predict more accurately, where the rate will move and when. This strategy is especially profitable with turbo-options of 15, 30 and 60 seconds, because it often occurs that after the price jumped toward a news, a big drawback takes place and the rate returns to the original position. But, having bought a short-term option, you are likely to gain profits. This strategy exceeds most technicaland even some fundamental strategies in profitability, though, it's not that difficult.
Using news-trading, you get a fast, almost momentary result. You don't need to wait for hours or days, having stress that leads to losses. When buying a turbo-option, you won't be able to doubt a decision – gaining or losing at once, without additional stresses and embarrassment.
As a rule, you can enter the market 50 times a day using news, and if it's not sufficient for you, along with popular currencies, trade with Third World currencies, precious metals and indices. Though, to gain much from proper trading, 5 signals per day are pretty fine. Remember: you work not with martingale, so you can feel free to raise the bet, if most signals work well.
For profitable news-trading, not only economical market knowledge is important, but also a fast reaction. Actually, the rate abruptly changes once the news is published, and if you didn't open an order, you can suffer losses. As a rule, the faster you react, the more you gain. However, not everybody can do this, and some traders can't buy an option in a moment.
In some cases, you can't say for sure about further direction of a rate. I mean when traders' expectations don't come true, and though a parameter changes in a needed direction, this change is insignificant and can't cause any movement. You can enter the market but leave it with losses then. Pros are able to predict rate's behavior, but novices make fatal mistakes.
I'd love to add that news-trading is the only fundamental option strategy that can be used for short-term trading. All other algorithms of fundamental analysis are able to let you gain only in long terms. And if you are interested in turbo-options, try this very system.


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Фредерік Ібсен (,  28 березня 1997) — данський футболіст, воротар «Копенгагена».

Клубна кар'єра
Вихованець клубу «Вендсюссель». Провів ряд матчів за молодіжну команду цього клубу, в тому числі і дебютував 14 вересня 2016 року у Юнацькій лізі УЄФА в грі проти однолітків з «Порту».

У липні 2017 року Ібсен перейшов у «Вендсюссель», який на той час грав у другому дивізіоні країни. Там Фредерік став другим воротарем і зіграв лише три матчі за клуб у Кубку Данії 2017 року.

31 серпня 2018 року було оголошено, що Ібсен повернувся в «Копенгаген», підписавши дворічний контракт. У рідному клубу Ібсен став третім воротарем, тим не менше дебютував за першу команду 19 травня 2019 року  матчі проти «Есб'єрга». «Копенгаген» забезпечив на той момент собі титул чемпіона, і тому головний тренер Столе Сольбаккен вирішив дати відпочити основному голкіперу Єссе Йоронену, а другий воротар Стефан Андерсен отримав травму. «Копенгаген» програв ту гру 4:3.

Титули і досягнення
 Чемпіон Данії (1):
 «Копенгаген»: 2018-19

Примітки

Посилання

Данські футболісти
Футбольні воротарі
Футболісти «Веннсюсселя»
Футболісти «Копенгагена»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Пвето () — город на юго-востоке Демократической Республики Конго, в провинции Катанга.

История
Пвето был сценой решающей битвы декабря 2000 года в ходе Второй конголезской войны, которая заставила обе стороны конфликта принимать больше усилий для достижения мира. В ходе войны инфраструктура города и прилегающих районов была почти полностью разрушена.

География
Находится на северной оконечности озера Мверу, на границе с Замбией, на высоте 951 м над уровнем моря. Река Лувуа вытекает из озера Мверу сразу к западу от Пвето и течёт на север вплоть до слиянием с рекой Луалаба у городка Анкоро. К западу от Пвето простирается горный хребет Митумба, разделяющий озеро Мверу и бассейн реки Конго. Лувуа — единяственная река, прорезающая этот хребет. К востоку и северу от города простирается плодородная равнина.

Средняя годовая температура в районе города составляет 23 °C. Годовая норма осадков — 1080 мм, наиболее дождливый месяц — декабрь. Самый жаркий месяц — октябрь, дневные максимумы достигают 34 °C; наиболее прохладный месяц — июль, его средняя температура составляет 20 °C.

Население
Население по данным на 2012 год составляет 26 070 человек.

Экономика и транспорт
Основу экономики Пвето составляет рыболовство в водах озера. Важную роль играет также сельское хозяйство, основными продуктами которого являются маниок, просо, кукуруза, арахис и батат.

Обслуживается аэропортом Пвето, который находится к западу от города.

Примечания

Города Демократической Республики Конго


We love including songs and rhymes in our playtime with our toddlers and preschoolers. From classic nursery rhymes that we have sung to our little ones since they are babies to counting rhymes that help our young toddlers to count and learn number words. Today I'm sharing some fun Halloween Songs and Rhymes for Toddlers and Preschoolers from witches and bats to skeletons and spiders these silly spooky songs are great for singing together or using in circle time and perfect to sing after doing some of our Halloween Crafts for Toddlers.
Rhymes and songs are such an easy way to help toddlers and preschoolers develop language. They will learn ways in which word rhyme as they sound the same, they can learn counting words, beginning sounds as well as having a fun way to bond together. We've tried to include a variety of different types of rhymes here from a simple Halloween Finger Play to a Halloween Counting Rhyme that we love as well as lots of different rhyming words.
Click on any of the links below to be taken straight to the lyrics for that song to sing at Halloween with your tots.
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Our favourite Pumpkin Rhyme to sing at Halloween is 5 Little Pumpkins. There are a few different examples of this song but we do like the versions that Dan Yaccarino shares in his book the 5 Little Pumpkins. The lyrics can be found below. I like saying this and making it into a fingerplay instead of singing it but it works sung as well.
We love the counting rhyme 5 little monkeys jumping on the bed, so this Halloween Version of this popular rhyme is ideal to switch out and our kids will know the tune.
Mama called the Witch Doctor.
The Witch Doctor said no more ghosts jumping on the bed!
He fell off and bumped his head!
This song for toddlers isn't one that I can remember word for word off the top of my head. I have a copy of the words when we do this but my kids have always loved shaking their body along with the words so here we go our favourite Skeleton Song for Halloween – Dem Bones!
So I am sure that there are a few spooky spider rhymes for Halloween that we could sing. However, I much prefer a classic rhyme here and Incy Wincy Spider or Itsy Bitsy Spider, if you are in the USA, is our favourite and you can use your hands get your spider to climb and the rain can come down. So we're sticking with this check out the words below.
Climbed up the water spout!
Monsters can be scary but they can also be fun. I remember finding this little song back when I taught this age group around Halloween time and it was always a favourite with my classes and when we sang it at rhyme time with the toddler and baby groups when my little ones were young. I had a set of monster finger puppets that I found and used to use those and put my fingers down as we went through the rhyme.
Five little monsters sitting by the door.
Four little monsters sitting in a tree.
One fell off, and then there were three.
Three little monsters drinking orange brew.
One fell in, and then there were two.
Two Little monsters having lots of fun.
One went home, and then there was one.
One little monster sitting in the sun.
It melted away, and then there was none!
We love traditional and classic rhymes and this Witches Rhyme or Poem is fun to say with your class. There was an Old Witch is a US Nursery Rhyme ideal for Halloween time.
From the old witch's hair.
When the old witch runs.
How I wonder where you at!
How you find your way without a light!
I hope you have enjoyed our Halloween songs and rhymes for children and have fun singing them together. Don't forget to check out our Halloween Crafts for Toddlers as well as there are some fun ideas for you and them to do together.