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Home / China cashing on India's Sri Lanka woes
China cashing on India's Sri Lanka woes
Submitted by asiaadmin2 on Thu, 11/07/2013 - 10:56
by Col. R.Hariharan (retd.)
Even as the Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh was finding it hard to make up his mind over attending the CHOGM (Commonwealth Heads of Governments Meeting) to be held in Colombo in two weeks from now, China is making the best use of the situation to strengthen its presence in Sri Lanka.
China's intention is obvious: profit from India's discomfiture in Sri Lanka to occupy India's strategic space in the island nation.
On October 24 when the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Ms Jayalalithaa was moving a resolution asking the Centre to 'totally boycott' the CHOGM "in deference to the overwhelming feeling and sentiments of Tamils," Sri Lanka President Mahinda Rajapaksa was praising China's generosity, while opening of the renovated venue for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Convention Hall (BMICH). When President Rajapaksa wanted to renovate the BMICH, China chipped in to meet the cost of about $15.3 million (Sri Lankan Rs 2 billion). In fact China had donated the BMICH, Colombo's prestigious conference centre nearly a decade ago. It now stands as a visible reminder of China's "enduring generosity" to Sri Lanka.
Even as Ms Jayalalithaa castigated the Centre for failing to act upon another "historic resolution" passed by the Tamil Nadu Assembly on July 8, 2011 which sought an economic embargo on Sri Lanka until Tamils were fully resettled and rehabilitated, Sri Lanka was negotiating with China to finalise a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The government-owned Sunday Observer described the China-Sri Lanka FTA as the biggest development in Sino-Lanka cooperation since the 1952 Rubber-Rice Pact.
Two months ago, Sri Lanka's minister for industry and commerce Rishad Bathiudeen was hopeful of finalising the FTA before the CHOGM in November 2013. However, the Deputy International Trade Representative of the Commerce Ministry of China, Yu Jianhua who visited Sri Lanka last month was more realistic. He expected "the preparatory process of the FTA to be completed by December this year." He was keen to see the groundwork on this FTA completed by December this year.
The Chinese representative added "Sri Lanka is a priority country for the Ministry of Commerce, China (MOFCOM). The FTA will not only upgrade trade levels between Sri Lanka and China but will also enhance trade skills of both countries as well. We will work diligently in our joint efforts." Yu said before visiting Colombo, he had looked carefully at China's trade links with Sri Lanka on issues like tariffs, market access in China, diversifying Sri Lanka's exports, and overall enhancement of Sri Lanka's export potential to China."
In his view, the FTA was not only for trade "but something beyond, to institutionalise our strategic cooperation partnership as mandated by the leaders of both countries. We encourage Chinese firms to become involved in Sri Lanka's economic development."
The Chinese efforts to enhance its trading opportunities on the sidelines of CHOGM are interesting. According to Xinhua, 42 Chinese companies were among the 83 foreign companies participating in the trade exhibition "Reflections of Sri Lanka" being held on the sidelines of the CHOGM. In contrast, despite being Sri Lanka's largest trading partner, India will be represented by only 21 companies at the exhibition.
Sri Lanka has been wooing Chinese business to invest in Sri Lanka saying it could reap the benefits of the island nation's FTA with India and Pakistan (and the proposed SAFA –South Asian Free Trade Agreement when it becomes a reality). India has a flourishing FTA with Sri Lanka since 1996. It has helped India-Sri Lanka trade to grow from $600 million in 2000 to $5 billion in 2012. As against this, China-Sri Lanka trade even without an FTA has grown from $658.4 million in 2005 to $2676.13 million by 2012. Obviously, China-Sri Lanka trade aided by an FTA would retard the growth of India's trade with Sri Lanka.
Ever since the Eelam War excesses started to haunt Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu has become the focal point of hate campaign against Sri Lanka in India affecting the excellent relations between the two countries. Of late, a beleaguered Sri Lanka has started using trade as a pressure point to express its concern over India's "Sri Lanka politics." The CHOGM which should have been an inconsequential international event turning into a political contest in India is a case in point.
So how should India respond to Sri Lanka-China FTA? In fact, Tamil Nadu should be debating this issue because the state had benefitted most from the FTA with Sri Lanka. But in the polemics of partisan politics, the issue seems to have been wished away. The anachronism is even the few Sri Lankan business and cultural establishments in Chennai are under police protection lest pro-Eelam fringe elements attack them just as they carried out petrol bombs attacks on two post offices in Chennai, in protest against India's participation in the CHOGM. The pity is it is happening as indecisive national leadership looks on helplessly. At least it seems so.
(The author, a retired MI officer, served as the head of intelligence of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka from 1987 to 90. He can be contacted at colhari@yahoo.com)
Sri Lanka-China FTA


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The Jungle Giants have steadily been making their way up in the indie pop scene since 2011. These four Brisbane youngsters have put in the hard yards working towards their debut album 'Learn To Exist'. They have released two EPs between endless touring and played at Splendour in the Grass this year. 'Learn To Exist' stays true to the band's upbeat and youthful, guitar fuelled pop with a few surprises along the way.
Opening track "Come and Be Alone With Me" is everything you would expect from The Jungle Giants. It is bursting with playful guitar riffs, hand claps and clever lyrics, "It's alright, it's okay, I didn't need my sanity anyway"provided by lead vocalist Sam Hales."I Am What You Want Me To Be" delivers more feel good energy through repetitive, high pitched guitars which will make you dance around your room in delight. Hales keeps the infectious melodies coming on "Got Nothing To Lose" and a funky bass line makes an appearance.
"A Pair of Lovers"is a matured and darker track showing a serious side of the band. The mournful "Truth May Hurt" starts off with reverb heavy guitar and slowly builds up to a powerful chorus, "Well the truth may hurt but you need to let it out". "Devils In The Detail" is raw and stripped backed, completely different from what we have heard so far. Hales sings along to an acoustic guitar but it doesn't feel misplaced. The album returns to their danceable sound on "Skin To Bone" which is sure to be a crowd favourite with its jangly guitar riffs from lead guitarist Cesira Aitken.
Hales sings of his troubles with love on "Domesticated Man", "This domesticated man lost his heart and then he lost his friends". This track beautifully layers instrument upon instrument with the signature hand claps underneath. The album closes with "Home" which is driven by keys and steady drumming. Hales sorrowfully sings "I wanna come back home", a fitting end for 'Learn To Exist'.
The Jungles Giants have delivered a polished and sun kissed debut perfect for summer. They have refined their satisfying pop sound but also shown they are not afraid to stray away from it.
You can catch The Jungles Giants on their Australian tour dates found here.


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Me and my blog
An Offcumden in Yorkshire
And he danced for you…
The mystery of the workhouse baby
Writer in Residence a personal view of the world
Men did astonishing things at which one did not wonder till after
Posted on 10/06/2016 by Richard Coomber — 2 Comments
I hated history at school. It seemed to be nearly all battles, maps with arrows showing troop movements and then failed treaties. To a 1960s teenager, history only went to prove that Bob Dylan was right to cry 'how many deaths will it take till he knows, that too many people have died?'
Strange then, 50 years or so on, that I should be planning a display for Shipley's elegantly refurbished library to mark the centenary of the Battle of the Somme.
To be honest military history still doesn't interest me that much. I don't get excited about tactics or weapons and the finer points of uniform insignia pass me by.
But when I started to work my way through the pages of the Shipley Times & Express from 1914-18 for my website www.shipleyww1.org.uk I was quickly hooked by the stories of people who might have been my neighbours and friends if I had lived here 100 years ago.
Much of my current research concentrates on the effect of World War I on the Home Front: on the changing role of women, the men whose conscience kept them from fighting and the way the community rallied round Belgian refugees. I'm also intrigued by the details that show how much daily life has changed – the fines for driving without lights because the candle had blown out; the number of horses then in daily use; and the fear of illness in those pre-NHS days.
By its nature, the Somme exhibition will concentrate on some of the 426 local men so far identified as having been killed, missing or wounded in the bloodiest battle in British history. The battle lasted 141 days – from 1 July to 18 November 1916 – during which there were more than a million casualties, including 19,240 British soldiers killed on the first day.
If we had been here then, we would almost certainly have known a family who were mourning a loss, or were anxious about a wounded or missing son or husband.
Harry Hirst (centre back) and his pals in high spirits before heading for trenches
And even a hundred years later we can get a sense of some of these men, people like Harry Hirst who wrote to his family about setting off for the Somme:
"There were thousands of people lining the streets. Men and women rushed into the ranks and kissed us. One man carried my kit bag to the station and two girls carried my great coat and bandolier etc. I tell you it was fine sight.
"When we got to the station – I was among the first four – what a time we had. Women and girls threw their arms around our necks and kissed us, weeping all the time. I can assure you it fairly brought tears to my own eyes."
Inevitably you find yourself wondering how you would have reacted in the situation faced by so many local families.
Brothers Charles and Joseph Nutter had left Baildon several years before the war to start a new life in Canada but both signed up to return when war was declared. Both were killed.
Robert Helliwell
Arthur Helliwell of Bromet Place, Eccleshill, had to write to his parents to break the news about his brother Robert.
"I got with our Bob in the fight and I saw him kill three Germans and then we got the order to retire. We were just getting into our own lines when Bob was hit. He had no pain. He said, 'Tell mother and father not to take it too much to heart for the sake of the others. I have done my duty.' "
Rev Richard Whincup
Robert was buried just behind the line by the Rev Richard Whincup, the vicar of Windhill, who was serving as chaplain to the West Yorkshire Regiment. As chaplain he also had the task of writing to the parents of men who were killed and went out of his way to try to soften the blow. We now know of the often lonely, slow, painful deaths suffered by men brought down in No Man's Land, unreachable by any of their mates, but most families were assured their son had died honourably, swiftly and almost painlessly.
Not everyone pulled their punches and then we get a vivid picture of men at war. Pte Jim Morgan of Hargreaves Square, Shipley, told a friend:
"There is a young fellow in this hospital for whom my heart bleeds. He has not a friend in the world and has not had one letter since he came to France. He was lying for 30 hours surrounded by the corpses of his beloved comrades who fought and died by his side for the honour of the old country. He is like a broken straw cast upon the mighty ocean of the world, tossed here and there, God knows where."
Such experiences must have changed lives. Even those who survived and returned physically unscathed cannot have been the same as when they went away.
One is left wondering what it was like for the families. What was it like for the widows of Charles Hall of Moorend, Idle, and John Parker of Windhill, who were both left with five children to bring up? Or the widow of Stephen Dobson of School Hill, Windhill, who had three children to raise, the oldest not yet two and a half at the time of her father's death.
And how did families cope when the breadwinner arrived home unable to work through loss of a limb, or blindness or shell shock?
If my teachers had introduced me to the human side of history way back then, maybe I wouldn't have waited until my fifties to get interested. It wouldn't have taken much, just a couple of paragraphs like these by Sgt J E Yates, who fought alongside men from Shipley & District at the Somme:
"Almost imperceptibly the first day moved into the second when we held grimly to a battered trench and watched each other grow old under the day-long storm of shelling. Big shells landed in the crowded trench. For hours, sweating, praying, swearing, we worked on the heaps of chalk and mangled bodies. Men did astonishing things at which one did not wonder till after…
"At dawn the next morning we were back in a green wood. I found myself leaning on a rifle and staring stupidly at the filthy, exhausted men who slept around me. It did not occur to me to lie down until someone pushed me into a bed of ferns. There were flowers among the ferns and my last thought was a dull wonder that there could still be flowers in the world."
References: all the quotes are taken from articles in the Shipley Times & Express except the passage by Sgt Yates which is quoted from Capt E V Tempest's 'History of the Sixth Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment, Volume 1 – 1/6th Battalion', published by Naval & Military Press.
Tagged with: Helliwell, Hirst, Shipley, Somme, Whincup, World War 1
Posted in History, Yorkshire
A shove in the right direction
Posted on 17/02/2016 by Richard Coomber — 1 Comment
It was only a gentle shove but my mother's hand in the small of my back was enough to get my five-year-old legs tottering down the path to the door of Blackham School before I could have second thoughts and beg to be excused from entering this strange new world.
Elsie Coomber wasn't a hard woman – I can never remember being smacked even though that was commonplace in the late 1940s and 1950s when I was a child – but she was always willing to give a push in the right direction if she believed it would be good for me. The next time I recall feeling the maternal hand in the back was my first visit to the school dentist a few years later. As soon as the nurse said to the dozen or so anxious kids in the waiting room, 'Who's first?' I found myself being eased towards the door marked surgery.
In those days a visit to the dentist was even more traumatic than today, with the never-to-be-forgotten, smelly rubber gas mask put over your mouth and nose until you passed out and then the process of coming to in some pain, with a mouth full of blood, your tongue seeking out the gap where once there had been a tooth. Above all the nausea. Mum knew that seeing other groggy, tearful kids stumble back from that mysterious room on the other side of the door wouldn't make me feel any better about going in, so I was the first.
At the time, I seem to remember, I wasn't too thrilled at always being encouraged to be the first to face my fears but now it seems like one of the best of many good things my mother taught me. Not that I was a good student. As I look back over the 65 years since that first day at school, many of the biggest mistakes came when I put off unpleasant experiences only for them to get worse the longer they were left. What an idiot not to learn such a simple lesson, especially as that first shove took me into a place I still look back on as one of the most influential in my life.
By modern standards, I guess Blackham Primary School would not be considered up to scratch. Even back then it didn't have a great record of pupils 'passing' the eleven-plus examination to grammar school but it's hard to know if that was the school's fault or the raw material the teachers were working with. Most of the 30 or so kids were, like me, children of farm labourers. Nearly all of their parents had left school aged 14 with barely the basics needed to follow their own parents into labouring jobs, and books were not much in evidence when you entered most homes in the village.
Blackham School
The red-brick school itself was certainly basic. It stood alone, well away from either of the two centres of the village so just getting there every day felt like a long trek along 'the main road' with mysterious woods on either side and branches meeting threateningly overhead. Apart from tiny, peg-lined boys' and girls' cloakrooms at one end of a central corridor and a small kitchen where the dreaded 'school dinners' were produced at the other, the school consisted of two rooms.
Hundred, tens and units
To the left was the room where the 'small' class of 5-7 year olds learned the basics: pencilling over pale dotted images until we knew how to write our letters, and then adding tails to them so we could join them up; learning, thanks to Janet and John, to read simple words and then moving on to slightly longer ones, speaking out the syllables and then crunching them together into a word we had heard; and setting out our sums neatly in hundreds, tens and units in exercise books with helpfully squared paper and finding out how to carry numbers over from one column to another and, finally, the satisfaction of a tick to denote we had got it right.
That was also the stage when we started to look at all those mysteries printed on the back of our exercise books. Some, like multiplication tables, would soon be familiar. Others, like ounces in a pound, and pounds in a stone took a little longer to grasp. Yards in a mile wasn't too tricky to understand but acres, poles, perches and roods remained a mystery even to a country kid.
Once we had mastered all those skills, we moved across the corridor to the hall, a much larger room which housed the 'big' class until we were ready to go on to secondary education. This room was clearly designed to accommodate two classes but I never once saw the wooden screen dividers pulled across. Despite its size, it was heated only by a single pot-bellied stove on which, in winter, we tried to warm the bottles containing a third of a pint of milk provided free each day to make sure the post-war generation grew strong. At the corridor end of the room there were trestle tables where meals were eaten and occasional lessons taken when we needed room to spread out; at the other were desks equipped with inkwells facing the blackboard. And in the corner, a door into the head teacher's house which formed the far end of the school.
The smelly Elsan toilets were in a small brick building in a field below the large concrete playground. We didn't notice that the toilets fell well short of standards acceptable today. For many of us they were more hygienic than the 'bucket' lavatories we had at home. Similarly we took it for granted that even though there was an electricity pylon in the next field, the school, like our homes, had no access to electricity. And for me, at least, that lack of power changed my life.
I seem to remember the school day finished at 4 p.m. Anyway, it was certainly late enough that in the winter it was too dark for us to see to work for the last half hour or so before going home. On those occasions the head teacher, Mrs Forbes, would fetch an oil lamp from her house and bring one of her own books to read to us. Sitting in the gloom, I became spellbound by the life that existed in books, especially the world created by Arthur Ransome in the Swallows and Amazons stories. With Mrs Forbes reading a chapter or so a day, we worked our way through pretty well the whole series of adventures.
Until I was nine, I only left the village for the annual charabanc to the seaside, so I never imagined there was a real place with mountains and lakes big enough to sail on and with places like Cormorant Island where children could explore. The biggest stretches of water I knew were three village ponds, one of which was behind the church where we fished. Launch a boat on one of those and you would be on the other side in seconds. Similarly, John, Susan, Able Seaman Titty and ship's boy Roger were like no-one I knew. Most of us were happy just to have a second-hand bike, let alone spend weeks having adventures in a sailing boat. But I didn't feel deprived. To me they were invented people doing exciting invented things. That is what books were and I couldn't get enough. I was in love with stories.
I devoured everything I could get my hands on – books, comics, newspapers. I even used to creep into the houses of other families where I knew the children had different comics, read them and slip out again without saying a word. The wireless provided me with even more stories – Dick Barton was a special favourite. And at school we were given the freedom to write our own tales, most of the boys re-winning the recent war as intrepid airmen shooting down the Hun.
I'm sure there are many people who look back at Blackham School with regret, wondering if a more formalised education in a bigger school might have suited them better, brought out more of their talent. I was just lucky that what that school taught, I needed and wanted to learn. There is one regret: one day Mrs Forbes called us out, one by one, to read out the words on an A4 sheet of paper to make sure we could pronounce them. There must have been about a hundred words and I sailed through all of them, except euphemism. To say I was a little disappointed would be euphemistic.
I still dip into Arthur Ransome from time to time – in my bookselling days I always included Swallows and Amazons when topping up stocks of Puffins and remember with a smile the day a small boy asked for Swallows and Amaze-ons – and looking back on a career that has included bookselling, publishing and journalism, I can trace much of how I got here to the day my mum gave me a shove in the back and said 'I'll see you later.'
Tagged with: Arthur Ransome, Blackham, school, Swallows and Amazons
Posted in My Life
Reflections on reaching the 15th tee
The deaths within a week of David Bowie, Alan Rickman and Glenn Frey hit me, as my dad used to say, like a sack of spuds.
It wasn't just that we had lost three outstanding artists – being cynical, I still get to enjoy their work. And I didn't know them, so it wasn't a personal loss.
No, their deaths reinforced a growing recognition at the back of my brain of my own mortality. People of my generation are dying with alarming frequency. Worse, all three were a few years younger than I am.
Oh bugger, I'm getting towards the front of the queue.
I think we all have a psychological big number. For me it was 70. I sailed through 50 and 60 without a care and while I don't feel how 70 used to look when I was a kid, it did seem like a landmark when I reached it, greeted more with trepidation than celebration.
For a while there seemed to be nothing to do but just plough on until fate pointed a bony finger at me and said, 'you're next.'
But then I remembered something Malcolm Allison said in our time working together: 'There are two types of worry. You worry about things you can't control and you worry about things you can do something about. If you can't control something, like the weather, there is no point in worrying about it. If you can do something about it, don't spend time worrying, get on and do it!'
I can't control when I will die – beyond not doing things that put me in harm's way – but I can control what I do with whatever I have left and what better time than the beginning of a year to resolve to make the most of your life?
I've decided to be optimistic. After all, I have good genes – many people in my family have lived into their 90s and some even passed 100. I've been blessed with good health most of my life so far, I have control of my weight, I don't smoke, only drink in moderation and, for the time being, we still have the wonderful NHS.
I also have most of my marbles. Occasionally it takes me a while to fish for a word or a name but they usually come in the end and one of the glories of technology is that it is possible to store the information you want and retrieve it easily.
So, I'm making plans for the next 20 years, taking me up to 90. I think of it as a game of golf with five years representing one hole. That means I'd still have four holes to play with the possibility of some extra holes in a play-off or spending time in the 19th with friends. The other thing about golf I'm hoping to emulate is that while it has its frustrations and bunkers, even out of bounds, you are usually in a peaceful, beautiful place with people you like.
Because I can't guarantee there won't be a storm stopping play before the round is finished, I am making sure I use each waking hour as well as I can. That means less TV wallpaper and less social media. It means getting in less of a stew about the idiots in Westminster, though that is going to be hard.
On the plus side I will free time to read some of the 2,000 books I've accumulated, and to listen to the music I enjoy or some of the gems on Radio4Extra.
Instead of thinking of myself as semi-retired, I am going to set achievement goals. I like the saying that you are not really dead until the last person speaks your name, so here's a chance to give people something that will make them want to speak of me after I've gone.
I plan to become a better writer, a more productive historian and to learn new skills like design and photography that will not only interest me but help me achieve my goals.
Most of all it means adding to the things I'm already proud of so that when those last few seconds finally arrive, my last words won't be 'Is that all there is?'
Thank you, Bill
Posted on 14/05/2015 by Richard Coomber — Leave a comment
Is it possible to call someone you have never met a friend? Probably not. Yet when I heard this week about the death of William Zinsser, someone I had 'known' through his books, the exchange of a few letters, a handful of phone calls and messages on his blog, it felt as though I had lost a friend.
I first became aware of him in one of my 'get your act together' moments that included buying a copy of his best seller On Writing Well. It is simply the best book on the craft of writing ever published and I return to it time after time just to get me back on the right track.
Bill Zinsser was an outstanding teacher. He understood the teacher's craft as completely as he knew that of the writer. Talking about how On Writing Well came about, he said: 'I did a lot of thinking about how to help other people write warmly and well, and that process had nothing to do with handing down grand truths from an essayist's perch. It had to do with leading by the hand, building confidence, finding the real person inside the bundle of anxiety.' And even though Bill never bothered to have an email account, he kept up to date and each of the new editions of the book took into account the latest technology and quoted newer writers to make his point.
Impressed by On Writing Well, I quickly bought his other books and was delighted to find he was a keen sports fan, had been a movie reviewer, loved travel and was a devotee of the 'great American songbook.' I wrote him a fan letter and received a reply – all his letters were in his own hand until losing his sight in recent years – that showed genuine interest in what I had said.
He also told me of his new weekly blog and Zinsser on Friday became the way to kick-start every weekend. He had the same ability to charm, inform, entertain and stimulate as Alistair Cook used to have in his Letter from America. Through Bill I learned a lot more about writing, but also about musicians like Mary Cleere Haran and writers like Joseph Mitchell.
I loved the way he was curious about so many things and that he could not only tell people the theory of good writing, he could demonstrate it in his own work, even when writing about music, a subject that has to be among the hardest to put down in words. This from his masterpiece – and own favourite work – Mitchell & Ruff, the portrait of jazz musicians Dwike Mitchell and Willie Ruff:
'Two black men were playing long stretches of music without resorting to any printed notes. Yet they obviously hadn't memorized what they were playing; their music took unexpected turns, seemingly at the whim of the musicians, straying all over the keyboard and all over the landscape of Western tonality. Nevertheless there was order. Themes that had been abandoned came back in different clothes. If the key changed, as it did frequently, the two men were always in the same key. Often there was a playfulness between the two instruments and always there was rapport. But if the two players were exchanging any signals, the message was too quick for the untrained eye.'
I had arranged to pop in and see Bill the last time I was in New York but he was taken into hospital just before I arrived and so I never got to thank him in person. I will always be grateful that I found his work and connected with him, albeit briefly. It certainly felt like friendship.
Tagged with: Mitchell & Ruff, On Writing Well, William Zinsser
Posted in My Life, Reading and Writing, Sport
The birth certificate
The envelope contained a copy of the birth certificate of the first-born child of my great grandmother Elizabeth Coomber, nee Gasson, and instead of sorting out the mysteries surrounding this boy, it complicated them even more.
Elizabeth is a key figure in my family tree. She was the much loved grandmother who raised my father and about whom he always spoke with great tenderness and admiration; the mother of eight children of her own, six of whom survived to adulthood; the housewife who supplemented the family income by taking in washing when the only mechanical aids were a 'copper' to heat the water and a mangle to help the drying process; and the woman who acted as the unofficial midwife in the village for women who could not afford to call the doctor.c
Thomas Marshall Coomber and his wife Elizabeth
Elizabeth's first child was born seven months before she married my great grandfather, Thomas Marshall Coomber, and I'd been hoping that the certificate would confirm whether or not Thomas was the father. But it didn't.
The baby's name, according to registrar John Dawe on 13 June 1884, was George Marshall; no father is given; the mother is Elizabeth Gasson, Domestic Servant and she was living at the Union Workhouse, East Grinstead.
Three years before, aged 16, she had been living with her parents at Bolebrook Cottage, Hartfield. She presumably started work soon after that and as a domestic servant, she is likely to have lived in. But her employers wouldn't have wanted the upheaval of a baby.
But why did she go the workhouse instead of back to her parents? Were they ashamed of their pregnant daughter? Was it case of 'never darken our doorstep again?' Or perhaps there were medical complications and the workhouse infirmary was the only care she could afford. Unless the workhouse kept detailed records that I have not yet found, we may never know.
I was first made aware of the problems around the identity of this son by Frank Wiltshire, a friend in Australia, researching the stories of the men who fought in the First World War from my home village Blackham, in east Sussex
One of the names on the illuminated list of those who served that hangs in Blackham church is T Gasson, Royal Sussex Regiment. Frank's research showed a complicated story.
The census returns of 1891 and 1901 have him down as Thomas George Coomber; at his marriage to Annie Towse on Christmas Day 1889 he is Thomas George Marshall Gasson Coomber; and his papers when he joined the Territorials in 1908 have him down as Thomas Coomber.
And the family all assumed that he was the son of both my great grandparents, just born a little early!
But in the 1911 census he is living with his wife and children a couple of houses away from his parents at the home of bootmaker William Mills. And he gives himself as Thomas Gasson.
And having been discharged from the army as time-served in April 1916, he is obliged to re-enlist and does so as Thomas Gasson.
What on earth was going on? Was he Thomas Marshall's son? Or had he found out that he wasn't his child and reverted to his mother's maiden name?
At some time – I can't wait for the 1921 census to be released! – he reverted to Coomber and I once met one of his sons who was still Coomber in the 1990s.
I just hope a few more clues come to light.
Meanwhile, I'm trying to find out how long Elizabeth spent in the workhouse and whether it was just for the birth or perhaps longer.
And I wonder if the humiliation of giving birth in the hated workhouse was the reason in later life that she became an unofficial midwife, saving other women the shame of being too poor to call the doctor.
Or maybe that's a 21st century, romantic interpretation and perhaps she just needed the 2s 6d that women like her usually charged for their services.
Tagged with: Family history, workhouse
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Professor and Head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Texas A&M University. Received his B.S. in Agronomy, M.S. in Agricultural Economics, and Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics, all from Texas A&M University. Dr. Rosson is active in the American Agricultural Economics Association, the Southern Agricultural Economics Association, and the International Agricultural Economics Association.


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Keeping An Eye On The Controversial Outbreak Of The Crimean War
April 26, 2017 in Misc 0
Considering the depth of mutual animosity and suspicion between Russia and Britain after 1815, it is astounding that the bear and lion have fought each other only twice. British forces played a haphazard role at Winston Churchill's behest, supporting the White interest in the 1919-21 Civil War. Between 1854 and 1856, the states clashed much more fiercely when the Crimean War made a flagellation blow on British society: it set a yardstick for military and political bungling, and public accusation about it, which experiences today.
The Crimean War, usually known in Russia as the Eastern War, is nonetheless a rather derelict topic amongst historians. It is well-known in the popular imagination, if at all, for the British-French siege of Russian troops and the induction of the Light Brigade in the Crimean port city of Sevastopol (Sebastopol). Nowadays, most British children leave school unaware of all historical events set aside the two world wars, but they obtain fragments of folklore about the Crimea, particularly rewarding to teachers of leftist leanings. They learn that dull aristocrats initiated a war with Russia during which even stupider ones in uniform then misspent thousands of soldiers' lives on the battleground. Florence Nightingale showed what an open-minded woman could accomplish in transforming the care of the wounded after men had hideously mismanaged the job; William Howard Russell was the first honorable journalist to depict the madness's of war while stressing on the newly acquired power of the press.
Orlando Figes, in his collection of essays on the literary and cultural impact of the war, highlights that in the middle 19th Century, many countries- and principally the British- were surprisingly insouciant about making war, and indeed fervent about the manly virtues it was assumed to indoctrinate. He notices the infamous passage in praise of strife in Thomas Hughes's immensely influential novel Tom Brown's Schooldays, printed in 1857. Figes is in the recognizable territory when he describes the ineptitude with which the British conducted the Crimean campaign.
A central feature of the war, as Figes notes down and confer, was the materialization of the ordinary British soldier as a focus of well-liked adulation, neglectful of and partly because of the collapse of those who sent him to war. Britain's supreme military decoration, The Victoria Cross, was introduced in 1857 as an honor for courage open to bureaucrats and other ranks alike: the foremost sixty-two were given to Crimean veterans. A significant subtext of Figes' dispute, although never fully developed, is that Britain bore considerable liability for the depth of the Anglo-Russian aggression. He seems to consider that there was a pragmatist case for Britain to oppose Russian expansionism, but only to a certain point. Figes disputes that British jingoists went much too far, and most likely pushed Britain into a superfluous war.
Orlando Figes ends his own essay with an argument of the cultural legacy of the Crimea which is both more concise and more logical. He said that in Turkey, the war has been wiped out from the nation's historical memory. In Russia, it is a source of animosity that Crimea is in the present day part of Ukraine.
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It is recommended that pilgrims wash their clothes each day at the end of the hike. Socks, underwear, tee-shirts and shirts can be hand-washed at the hotel and allowed to drip dry. Some hotels have washing machines and clothes dryers which can be used for a fee of around €3.


Cancer patients often experience significant pain. Sometimes this is a side effect of the treatment, and sometimes because of the cancer itself. Cancer pain is often chronic, meaning that it is persistent and prolonged and doesn't improve with time like the acute short-term pain one feels after a minor injury. Cancer pain may also involve breakthrough pain, which is a sudden increase in intensity despite ongoing control of the chronic pain. Getting relief from cancer pain often requires careful management.
This article discusses how to describe pain, causes of cancer pain, current cancer pain management guidelines, other methods of cancer pain control, problems with cancer pain management, pain after the end of treatment, and other cancer pain management tips. It also lists several key references and web sites.
If you are experiencing pain, tell your doctor. Don't try to tough it out. This can make the pain harder to control later. Pain can be a sign of other problems, and can interfere with the healing process.
It is important to speak up if you are in pain and to describe the pain to your doctor and nurses. Studies have shown that of cancer patients with severe pain, about a third were receiving inadequate pain medication. Likewise of patients with neuropathic pain, more than 90% were not receiving appropriate co-analgesics.
If you have severe pain with a sudden onset, immediately call your oncologist, and if you cannot reach him, go to the nearest emergency room.
There is no need to save the pain medications for when your pain is most severe. Despite what you see on television, in most cases involving cancer pain management, pain medication does not become less effective after extended use. Increases in analgesic dosing usually occur as a result of disease progression and not because of any increased tolerance or loss of efficacy.
Fear of addiction is also not a good reason to avoid pain medication. The dose is titrated carefully to control the cancer pain. If the pain medication is taken strictly according to the doctor's instructions, addiction is unlikely.
Complete freedom from pain is unrealistic, but it is possible to control pain significantly in most cancer patients.
Cancer patients hospitalized in oncology wards are more likely to receive appropriate pain management than cancer patients hospitalized in other wards.
Most cancer patients take their pain medications orally in pill or liquid form, not through injections. Intravenous infusion occurs mainly when the patient is already hooked up to an IV. Use of suppositories and skin patches is rather uncommon.
Location. Is the pain in one particular location or a set of locations? If so, where? Does it change location? Is it spreading or just moving? Is it near the surface or deep inside? Sometimes pain is felt in a location that is different than the source of the pain. Sometimes pain is not focal but rather more generalized.
Severity. Rate the pain on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means no pain, 1 is very mild pain, 5 is moderate pain, and 10 is the worst pain you have ever had. (For young children there is the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale that runs from 0 to 5 and couples the pain ratings with smiley/sad faces. A similar visual pain rating tool is the Oucher Scale. These tools help patients with limited verbal abilities to describe the intensity of their pain.) Compare it to other types of pain you have had previously (e.g., toothaches, headaches, cramps, back pain, stubbed toe, childbirth, menstrual period, appendicitis).
Quality. Is the pain sharp or dull? Hot (burning/searing) or cold? Constant or throbbing or shooting?
Onset. Does the pain come on suddenly or gradually?
Duration. Does the pain come and go, or is it there all the time?
Course. Is the pain stable, improving, fluctuating or getting worse?
Time of Day. Does the pain change according to time of day? Do you feel the pain immediately after waking up in the morning? Is the pain sometimes so severe that it wakes you up from a deep sleep? Does the pain interfere with your ability to fall asleep? Does the pain get better after you sleep?
Interactions. Is there anything that makes the pain better and anything that makes it worse? Does it hurt only if you touch it? Does rubbing it make it feel better or worse? (Is it sore to the touch?) Does ice or a heat-pack make it better or worse? Are you able to distract yourself from the pain, and if so, how?
Movement and Position. Do you experience pain when you move? When you don't move? Does it get better or worse if you change to a different position (stand, sit, lie on side/back)?
Daily Functioning. Are there any regular activities that you've stopped doing because of the pain? This is an indication that the pain is moderate to severe in intensity.
Triggers. Does the pain cause other complications, such as nausea? Is the pain preceded by warning signs of impending pain (e.g., nausea, irritability, visual auras)? Are there any triggers that cause the pain (e.g., exposure to tobacco smoke, feathers or other allergens)?
The tumor may be pressing on a nerve or the spinal cord, causing neuropathic pain. Approximately 40% of cancer pain is neuropathic. If the cancer has spread, you may be feeling pain in a different location than the original tumor.
Tissue inflammation and damage can cause nociceptive pain.
The tumor may block blood vessels, lymph vessels or parts of the digestive system, causing pain.
Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy can damage tissues, causing pain.
Surgery can damage nerves, causing pain. It is not uncommon for women undergoing a total mastectomy or axillary node dissection to develop a burning pain sensation in the chest, armpit and arm 1-2 months after surgery. This Post Breast Therapy Pain Syndrome is due to damage to the intercostobrachial nerve.
Chemotherapy can damage nerves, causing pain. This is often called neuropathy.
Drugs given to counter some of the side effects of treatment can often cause pain. For example, the drugs given to increase white blood cell counts can cause bone pain. In adults bone pain occurs primarily in the lower back, hips and sternum.
Pain does not necessarily mean that the cancer has spread or returned. Some people like to think that the pain means the treatment is working, fighting the cancer, but this isn't necessarily the case either. Likewise, the severity of pain does not correlate with the degree of metastasis or the seriousness of the cancer.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a three-step analgesic ladder for the management of cancer pain. This matches the type of pain medication to the severity of the pain.
Analgesics are drugs that control pain without causing unconsciousness. They do not entirely eliminate pain, but mask or mute it. These drugs often lower raise body temperature (e.g., good for fever) and reduce inflammation.
Mild Pain. Mild painkillers include non-opioids like acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs are often available over-the-counter without a prescription. Nefopam should not be used in treating cancer pain.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol). It is gentle on the stomach and kidneys and doesn't affect platelets. However, acetaminophen doesn't relieve inflammation and swelling, and there is a risk of liver damage if taken in high doses (12 or more regular strength Tylenol or 4,000 mg a day) or when consumed with alcohol.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include sodium salicylate (aspirin, Anacin, Bayer, Bufferin, Ecotrin), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox), fenoprofen calcium (Nalfon), nonacetylated salicylates (choline magnesium trisalicylate (Trilisate) and salsalate (Disalicid)), as well as the COX-2 inhibitors (Bextra, Celebrex, Vioxx). (Excedrin is a combination of aspirin with acetaminophen.) NSAIDs reduce swelling and inflammation and associated pain. They are also antipyretic, in that they reduce or prevent fever. They are particularly helpful in treating cancer pain affecting skin, muscle and bone, as well as liver pain and pain from soft tissue infiltration.
NSAIDs can be harsh on the stomach and can cause indigestion, heartburn, stomach irritation, abdominal pain, and nausea. There is a risk of gastrointestinal bleeding if taken in high doses. Do not take them on an empty stomach. Instead, take them after a meal or a snack or with a glass of milk. NSAIDs should not be taken with alcohol. NSAIDs can also cause fluid retention and an increase in blood pressure. There is a risk of heart attack or stroke when taken at high doses long-term. There is also a risk of kidney and liver damage, although this is less common. Patients who are on a low-dose aspirin regimen should avoid taking ibuprofen for pain, and instead use Tylenol or Aleve. NSAIDs may trigger an asthma attack in some asthmatics.
The side effects of NSAIDs may limit long-term use. NSAIDs are typically used for 1-2 months.
Moderate Pain. Weak opioids, often used in conjunction with non-opioids. Weak opioids include codeine phosphate ("codeine"), hydrocodone, dihydrocodeine ("DHC"), and dextropropoxyphene. Combinations of weak opioids with non-opioids include as "Tylenol with Codeine", Tylex, Remedeine, Solpadol, Co-Proxamol and Distalgesic. These drugs require a prescription. Tramadol should not be used in treating cancer pain. Co-Proxamol (a combination of acetominophen with dextropropoxyphene) is no longer used in the UK because of high complication rates. Note that drugs containing subtherapeutic doses of opioids have not been found to be effective in managing cancer pain.
Severe Pain. Strong opioids, such as morphine, diamorphine hydrochloride (heroin), meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol, Dolantin), fentanyl, oxycodone (Percodan, Percocet, Tylox, OxyContin), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), and methadone. These drugs require a prescription. Strong opioids that may not be suitable for cancer pain include: buprenorphine (Buprenex, Subutex, Temgesic), Dextromoramide, Dipipanone, Meptazinol, Nalbuphine, Pentazocine, Papaveratum, and Pethidine.
The doctor will start you off at a low dose, and gradually increase the dose (up to certain limits) until the pain is controlled. If the pain persists, the doctor will step the patient up the analgesic ladder until the pain is adequately controlled.
The guidelines also recommend giving pain medication according to a strict schedule (e.g., every 3-6 hours), instead of on demand, as this has been found to be significantly more effective in controlling pain in cancer patients. Do not skip any doses of your pain medication. It is important to take the pain medication "by the clock" before you start feeling pain, as waiting until you feel some pain can make the pain more difficult to control.
If the pain returns before your next scheduled dose, tell your doctor. You doctor can either increase your dose or put you on a different pain medication.
With regard to moderate cancer pain, most of the opioids are interchangeable in effect. If one is found to be ineffective, the others will be unlikely to control the pain, and the doctor should step the patient up the analgesic ladder. Only when one opioid has unacceptable side effects (e.g., renal failure) should attempts be made to substitute another opioid at the same step.
With regard to severe cancer pain, if one strong opioid is found to be ineffective, switching to another strong opioid may be an effective way of controlling the pain. In one study three-quarters of cancer patients who did not respond to morphine had a successful outcome when switched to oxycodone. Oxycodone has higher oral bioavailability than morphine and is twice as potent. Other drugs often used in opioid rotation for morphine include hydromorphone and methadone. During opioid rotation, the new pain medication is often prescribed at a lower initial dose than the equivalent of the prior medication, as this often yields a good response.
In the presence of acute or breakthrough pain, the slow release opioid preparations for chronic pain should be replaced with a normal release versions, such as short-acting morphine. Slow release preparations take longer to take effect (e.g., 1-2 hours compared with 15-20 minutes) and also take longer to reach peak effectiveness (e.g., 4 hours compared with 1 hour) as compared with normal release versions. Breakthrough pain is more likely to occur as the time approaches for the next dose of pain medication. It often occurs in response to an action taken by the patient (e.g., movement) and typically lasts about 30 minutes.
For more information on the WHO analgesic ladder, see WHO Guidelines: Cancer Pain Relief, 2nd Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1996.
Other drugs are often prescribed to help control pain. These include other anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bisphosphonates, steroids, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants.
Bisphosphonates reduce high levels of calcium in the blood. This can help with bone pain, especially when cancer has spread to the bone (breast cancer, prostate cancer) or in patients with myeloma. Bisphosphonates also help rebuild bone strength. Examples of bisphosphonates used in cancer treatment include disodium pamidronate, ibandronic acid, sodium clodronate, and zoledronic acid.
Steroids can help with pain from nerve compression (e.g., when a tumor is pressing on or damaging a nerve), spinal cord compression, liver pain, and bone pain. Steroids are particularly effective at reducing pain caused by swelling and inflammation. Examples of steroids used in cancer treatment include dexamethasone (Decadron), hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone and prednisone.
Low doses of tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., imipramine (Tofranil), amitriptyline (Elavil), doxepin (Sinequan), nortriptyline (Pamelor), desipramine (Norpramin), venlafaxine (Effexor), citalopram (Celexa) and trazodone (Desyrel)) and anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin (Neurontin), carbamazepine (Tegretol), phenytoin (Dilantin), valproate (Depakote), clonazepam (Klonopin) and lamotrigine (Lamictal)) can help reduce neuropathic pain caused when a nerve is damaged, such as when a tumor is pressing on a nerve. This includes pain with a sensation of tingling or burning. It may take 1-2 weeks for the drug to have an effect. Some anticonvulsants may reduce red and white blood cell counts, and so may be contraindicated in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Muscle relaxants are sometimes given when the pain is being caused by a muscle spasm. This Examples of muscle relaxants include diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) and methocarbamol (Robaxin).
Ketamine acts as an analgesic when given in low doses. It can help with neuropathic pain and ischaemic pain (from low blood supply). It can, however, contribute to opioid toxicity and can cause transient hypertension. Ketamine administration should be supervised by a pain specialist.
If pain is being caused by an underlying infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to fight the infection.
Do not take herbal pain medications without discussing it with your doctor. The herbal remedies may interact with, interfere with or duplicate your treatment regimen, causing serious complications and even death. Herbal supplements are drugs and should be treated with the same caution as any other medication. Since herbal supplements are unregulated, safety may be more of an issue than with other medications.
Homeopathy has not be found to help control cancer pain.
There are a variety of other methods of controlling cancer pain besides drugs. Ask your doctor before using any of these methods. Start using any of these methods gradually, as what helps alleviate pain in one individual might actually stimulate pain in another. If it hurts, stop doing it.
Massage Therapy. Massage can help provide temporary relief from certain types of cancer pain, such as bone pain. It also helps relax muscles. This may be enough to enable the cancer patient to fall asleep. Massage therapists may require written approval from your oncologist, as massage can stimulate blood flow. Percussion and vibration massagers may also help. Do not rub areas where you recently received radiation therapy, as this may irritate the skin.
Ice Packs. Cold temperature can help dull pain and reduce inflammation. This is particularly helpful with surgical pain, such as pain at the incision site. Wrap the ice pack in a towel. Some patients use a bag of frozen corn or peas, as this can be molded to the shape of the body more easily than a bag of ice.
Hot bath or soak. The heat can help with some types of pain by relaxing muscles and stimulating circulation. For example, soaking ones hands and feet can sometimes provide temporary relief from Raynaud's Phenomenon and Peripheral Neuropathy. Moist air may also help with chest pain.
Moist Heat Wraps. Laying a moist hot towel on the source of the pain can also help. Several manufacturers make heat packs containing hydroscopic beads that are heated to the correct temperature in a microwave oven. These beads absorb moisture from the air, and release it when heated. This yields moist heat that can be therapeutic in nature. They are particularly helpful with back pain. Common brand names include Therabeads and MediBeads.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). TENS involves placing electrodes near the location of the pain and delivering mild electric shocks of varying duration, intensity and frequency. This stimulates the nerves and may help temporarily block certain forms of localized pain. It is often used by physical therapists along with a moist hot towel wrap. It should be avoided by anyone with a heart condition or who suffers from seizures.
Acupuncture and Acupressure. Like TENS, acupuncture works by stimulating nerves to cause the body to release endorphins, a form of natural painkiller. As with TENS, the relief is usually temporary in duration.
Movement and Position. Mild exercise can help with some forms of pain. Lying or sitting for extended periods can cause pain and bed sores, so it is a good idea to change position from time to time. Special shaped pillows may be helpful, as well as pressure-relieving mattresses. Bead-filled nylon "hugging" pillows available from many department stores may also help.
If you are suffering from back pain, try using a wedge pillow to change the angle of the head relative to the body. Also put a pillow under your knees. Try also putting a rolled up towel at the lumbar position of your back (near the waist).
A physical therapist can teach you exercises to help alleviate certain types of mild pain.
Distraction. Directing your attention away from the pain can help provide temporary relief. If you have nothing to do but focus on the pain, the pain will feel worse. If you can read a book, watch television, listen to music or talk with friends, it may distract you from the pain for a while. Humor can also help. Boredom and depression can lower pain tolerance.
Most of these methods are effective only for short periods of time, and may need to be alternated.
Hypnosis, meditation, visualization (guided imagery or thinking about a pleasant experience), aromatherapy, breathing techniques and relaxation techniques are rarely sufficient on their own for controlling cancer pain. But they can help reduce stress and emotional anxiety and improve the effectiveness of other cancer pain control methods. Talking with a counselor may also help. Some religious individuals have found that prayer and talking with a religious chaplain (priest, rabbi, minister) helps reduce anxiety.
Getting enough sleep may help you manage your pain. Cancer patients who don't get enough sleep often have a harder time dealing with pain. Pain can also make it harder to fall asleep and increase your fatigue. (Pain interferes with sleep in about a quarter of cancer patients.) If you are having trouble falling asleep, talk to your doctor. Some of your medications, such as steroids, may be causing insomnia. Your doctor may change your medication schedule to have you take the steroids in the morning instead of the evening. He may also prescribe a mild sedative or sleeping pills to help you fall asleep in the evening. You can also try drinking a warm milky drink. Avoid exercising before bed, and activities that stimulate the mind.
In terminal cancer patients, palliative chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiation therapy has been used effectively to reduce cancer pain, especially for bone metastasis from breast and prostate cancer. Steroids and radiation therapy have been found to be helpful for headaches caused by brain metastasis.
The most common side effects of opioid pain medication are drowsiness, nausea/vomiting and constipation. Drowsiness and nausea typically go away after about 5 days.
Many opioid pain medications can cause drowsiness and interfere with your ability to concentrate. You may be disoriented and confused, or your thinking and memory may be not as sharp as usual. Your reaction time will be reduced and you may be less alert. You should avoid driving or operating machinery while taking these pain medications.
All opioid-based pain medications can cause constipation. Your doctor may prescribe a laxative to address this problem. Often two laxatives will be prescribed, one as a stool softener and one to stimulate the bowels. Consuming dietary fiber and drinking water may help.
Another common problem with opioid pain medications is dry mouth. Drinking water can help resolve this problem.
Opioid-based pain medication can also cause headaches.
Allergic reactions to opioid-based pain medication are rare. If you experience an allergic reaction (swelling, itching, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, cough, change in skin color) after taking your pain medication, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.
Steroids may increase your appetite, resulting in weight gain. They can also increase your blood sugar, leading to diabetes. Other common problems include indigestion and an increased risk of infection. If you become very thirsty or urinate frequently while taking steroids, let your doctor know. Steroids can also make you anxious and irritable, making it more difficult to sleep. Steroids are often given with a mild sedative, such as Ativan (Lorazepam) or Valium (Diazepam), for this reason. These sedatives can also help alleviate muscle spasms. Ativan can cause short-term memory loss. Steroids can increase fluid retention, leading to swelling of ankles and fingers, an increase in blood pressure, and feeling bloated. Do not take antacids while on steroids without talking with your doctor, as some antacids can dissolve the coating on steroid pills.
Do not take more than the indicated dose without talking with your doctor. Taking too high a dose can cause serious problems, such as liver or kidney failure and gastric bleeding.
When an opioid-based drug is combined with a non-opioid drug, the presence of the non-opioid may limit the number of pills you can take a day.
Do not take pain medications with alcohol.
Too high a dose of pain medication can affect your breathing and reduce your blood pressure, resulting in dizziness or fainting. Let your doctor know immediately if you are experiencing any of these problems, as they can be very serious (potentially life-threatening).
If you are receiving pain medication through a skin patch, let your doctor know if you have a high temperature. Increases in body temperature can increase the absorption rate, leading to too high a dosage.
Do not take over-the-counter pain medication in addition to your prescription pain medication without consulting your doctor. Many prescription pain medications contain combinations of opioid pain medications with non-prescription pain medication. If you supplement your prescription with over-the-counter pain medication, you could end up with an overdose of the non-prescription pain medication. This can cause liver, kidney and stomach problems.
Addiction is very unlikely to occur in cancer patients receiving pain medication under the supervision of a doctor. The dose is carefully adjusted to control the pain. Only when narcotics are taken when there is no pain or beyond the level required to control pain is addiction likely to occur.
Do not chew the pain medication unless instructed to do so by your doctor. Most opiate-based pain medication is in slow release tablets that ensure a steady level of pain medication in your body until the next dose. If you chew the tablets it can interfere with the delivery of the pain medication, and can lead to addiction.
If you forgot to take your pain medication as scheduled, do not double up your next dose. Taking more pain medication than is required to control the pain can lead to addiction.
If the pain medication is not controlling your pain, do not increase your dosage without talking to your doctor. Your doctor may want to increase your dosage or switch you to a different pain medication, depending on your dosage. For example, if you are receiving pain medication through a patch, do not use extra patches simultaneously, as this won't control the pain any better and can be life-threatening.
If you become depressed after stopping your pain medication, tell your doctor. Depression is a sign of withdrawal, and your doctor may want to take you off the pain medication more gradually or give you a small dose to combat the withdrawal. In most cases your doctor will not want you to stop taking the pain medications suddenly, but instead gradually step down the dosage.
After you are done with pain medication, you can return it to your pharmacy for safe disposal. Do not flush it down the toilet or throw it out in the trash.
It is not unusual for cancer survivors to be more sensitive to every ache and pain or bump and bruise they experience for a year or more after the end of treatment. It is also not unusual to worry about the cancer returning or getting a different cancer. If you are worried about something, ask your oncologist or primary care physician. They can perform a physical exam and order appropriate tests to distinguish normal aches and pains from more serious conditions.
There are also a variety of side effects of treatment that can have delayed onset. This includes peripheral neuropathy, where damage to the nerves in the hands and feet can cause sensations of heat, cold, pain, numbness and tingling. Raynaud's Phenomenon is a vascular condition in which the blood vessels and capillaries in the body's extrema contract inappropriately, causing a sensation similar to that which occurs when your feet fall asleep. The difference between Raynaud's Phenomenon and Peripheral Neuropathy is that with Raynaud's, the hands and feet can change color (red, white, blue) and get physically cold, as opposed to just having the sensation.
Be careful how you store your pain medications. Keep them away from children. If you will be having a lot of visitors from people you don't know, do not store the pain medications (especially any narcotics) in an obvious location like the bathroom, as some people steal pain meds from cancer patients. You may want to lock them up. If you like having them in sight to remind yourself to take them, using a post-it note instead.
Keep a pain journal in which you note the date and time you took any pain medications. Also note when you felt pain or the quality of pain changed. This can help your doctor. Since some pain medication can cause confusion or forgetfulness, it can also help you avoid taking an overdose.
Keep the pain medication in the bottle. The bottle will have a label that reminds you how frequently to take the medication Always check the label before taking any pain medication, to make sure you are taking the proper dosage. If you missed a dose, do not double up the next dose, as this can cause addiction.
Control of Pain in Patients with Cancer, SIGN Publication No. 44, June 2000.
WHO Guidelines: Cancer Pain Relief, 2nd Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1996.
Zech DF, Grond S, Lynch J, Hertel D, and Lehmann KA, Validation of World Health Organization Guidelines for Cancer Pain Relief: A 10 Year Prospective Study. Pain 63(1):65-76, October 1995.
Ventafridda V, Tamburini M, Caraceni A, De Conno F, Naldi F. A validation study of the WHO method for cancer pain relief. Cancer 59(4):850-6, February 15, 1987.
Sebastiano Mercadante, World Health Organization Guidelines - Problem Areas in Cancer Pain Management, Cancer Control 6(2):191-197, 1999.
Note: This guideline is no longer used in current medical practice.
Manfredi PL, Gonzales GR, Sady R, Chandler S, Payne R., Neuropathic pain in patients with cancer. J Palliat Care. 19(2):115-8, Summer 2003.
Overview and Assessment of Cancer Pain, Module 10, Pain Management. AMA Continuing Medical Education (CME) program.
Controlling Cancer Pain: What You Need to Know to Get Relief, CancerCare.
Lynn C. Hartmann, Katherine M. Zahasky and Darryl C. Grendahl, Management of cancer pain, Postgraduate Medicine, 107(3), March 2000.
Symptom Management in Cancer: Pain, Depression, and Fatigue. NIH Consensus and State-of-the-Science Statement Online 19(4):1-29, July 15-17, 2002.
Miaskowski C, Cleary J, Burney R, Coyne P, Finley R, Foster R, Grossman S, Janjan N, ay J, Syejala K, Weisman S, Zahrbock C, Guideline for the management of cancer pain in adults and children, Clinical practice guideline #3, American Pain Society (APS), 2005-2009. 166 pages. Available for $20 from the American Pain Society (APS), 4700 W. Lake Avenue, Glenview, IL 60025-1485, phone 1-847-375-4715, fax 1-847-375-4777.
Pauline Lesage and Russell K. Portenoy, Trends in Cancer Pain Management, Cancer Control, Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center 6(2):136-145, 1999.
Hypermedia Assistant for Cancer Pain Management (www.talaria.org). See also AHCPR Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Cancer Pain.
Copyright © 2006-2018 by Mark Kantrowitz. All rights reserved.


Are you trying to find a Fujitsu scanner? Have you been looking for an affordable notebook that has all the features you want? Search through hundreds of Fujitsu products and accessories on Shopping.com and get deals today.
There are a lot of names in electronics on the market, so when you want to know the best, it can be very difficult. Fujitsu brand products are designed to be high-end and cutting edge so that you get the best possible performance out of the Fujitsu laptops and scanners. The Fujitsu Scan Snap is an affordable scanner that makes office life much easier. Do you have a bunch of clutter and dont have room for more files? You can turn all of the papers in your business or home office into electronic files by choosing the Fujitsu S15 , a revolutionary document scanner that looks like a fax machine but turns all of your papers into computerized files so that you can access them whenever and wherever that you choose. The Fujitsu brand is about making things convenient for you, which is why the Fujitsu lifebook has become so popular. This is the Fujitsu laptop that is lightweight and ultra portable, plus many models include a swivel screen so sharing data with others in your office or playing movies to share with friends is easier than ever. Dell and HP arent going to offer you those capabilities for the same price, making it the best bundled package on the market today. If you are looking for the perfect gift for a college student, the business minded person in your life or yourself, then you need to look no further than the Fujitsu brand. They outperform many other companies products because of their use of Intel processors as well as their use of LCD screens that come in various sizes to meet everyones individual needs. Their customer support is available around the clock, via the phone and online, making it more convenient to get tech help when you need it most. You can get all of the Fujitsu scanners and laptops that you need for your home or office right from any computer in the world. Search through shopping.com for all of the products you need and get some great prices in the process. Shopping.com makes it easier to get the technology you want without having to go to stores to get it.


text:
Savi Links with Logistics Provider
Savi Technology has formed a strategic partnership with SembCorp Logistics, one of Asia?s largest logistics providers.
Tags: Supply Chain
Jun 08, 2002—June 8, 2002 --Savi Technology, a Sunnyvale, Calif., provider of RFID devices and software for the management and security of supply chain assets, has formed a strategic partnership with SembCorp Logistics Ltd., a Singaporean logistics company. The move gives Savi a powerful means to further penetrate the Asian market.
The two companies have been cooperating for more than a year, according to Stephen Lambright, Savi's VP of marketing. Singapore is home to one of the world's largest container ports, and the port authority there has long been at the forefront of efficiency and security. SembLog sees Savi's products as a way to build on that reputation.
SembLog specializes in handling fast-moving consumer goods, electronic goods, parts and components, hazardous goods, chemicals and healthcare products. It operates a network that covers 10 countries, including Singapore, China, Hong Kong, India, Thailand, Malaysia and Australia. The company will work with Savi to develop new products based on Savi's technology.
"They are looking at taking our applications and extending them for their individual customers, almost like a value added reseller," says Savi's Lambright.
One solution SembLog is interested in is providing customers with real-time information about the amount of goods in transit. Savi's system will also help the logistics company offer fast-track service through customs. Since containers can be inspected and sealed electronically with Savi's e-seals, customs officials can quickly see whether the container has been opened or tampered with.
This is the first strategic partnership that Savi has announced. Others are in the works, according to Lambright. "There are a number of other strategic partners that we will announce over the next couple of months," he says. "Savi is creating the core technologies that will be enhanced and extended by our partners."
In addition to the partnership, Savi announced that SembLog is investing US$10 million in Savi as part of its Series C round of funding. SembCorp Industries, Singapore's largest engineering and construction contractor, which owns 62 percent of Semblog, is investing US$5 million in Savi.
The new investments increase the amount raised by Savi Technology in its Series C round to US$35 million, and boosts the total amount it has raised since its management buyout in May of 1999 to $93 million. The company now has approximately US$40 million in cash reserves.
Savi says the money will be used to accelerate implementation of a new generation of hardware and inter-linked software products providing real-time security and management of supply chain assets such as rail cars, truck trailers, ocean-going and intermodal containers, air cargo containers and other conveyances. Savi says it expects to achieve profitability around year's end.
Turck Group Acquires Vilant Systems, Becomes Europe-Based Solutions Provider
RFID News Roundup
Technology Alone Isn't Enough
Trying to Build the Business Case for RFID?
Growers Sow the Seeds of Success
Hampton Unlocks ROI From RFID
Beaver Street Fisheries Catches RFID
In Pursuit of Fresher, Safer Foods and Drugs
Positioning Your Company for Success in Tough Times
RFID Journal LIVE! Canada 2006 Report


Signature ingredient: A blend of plant botanicals combine with nourishing certified organic aloe vera, protective almond oil and a citrus and vegetable derived alpha beta hydroxy acid complex to revitalize dry skin.
Product description: This maximum, therapeutic formula blends certified organic aloe vera, green tea and chamomile extracts with natural plant emollients and vitamin antioxidants to soothe, nourish and revitalize dry, sensitive skin. With alpha hydroxy acids to help exfoliate dull surface cells and stimulate circulation for a fresh and healthy appearance.
Features and benefits: This deeply nourishing lotion provides maximum protection and healing for dry, damaged skin. A blend of botanical essences of green tea, chamomile and echinacea, Very Emollient Body Lotion Maximum Dry Skin formula also delivers a restorative infusion of almond oil and citrus-derived alpha beta hydroxy for healthy skin that glows.
Very Emollient Body Lotion Maximum Dry Skin formula is excellent for all skin types.
Certified organic herbal infusion of chamomile (chamomilla recutita), echinacea (echinacea purpurea), green tea (camellia sinensis), lavender (lavandula officinalis) and rose hips (rosa canina), sweet almond oil (prunus amygdalus dulcis), glyceryl stearate, isopropyl palmitate, cetyl alcohol, vegetable glycerin, certified organic aloe barbadensis, orchid extract (cymbidium grandiflorum), alpha-hydroxy acids of glycolic (sugar), lactic (vegetable) and ascorbic (citrus fruit), silica, botanical fragrance (parfum), methyl/propylparaben, tocopheryl acetate and tocopherol (vitamin E).
Disclaimer: The product descriptions and the statements on this page are from manufacturers and/or distributors and have not been evaluated by VitaSprings or the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. VitaSprings does not imply any medical claims from the customer reviews on this Very Emollient Body Lotion Maximum Dry Skin product on this website.
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The purpose of this study was to explore, within Christian elementary schools, the perceptions of teachers and their site administrators in relation to the essential leadership characteristics and practices that facilitate fulfillment of the institution's mission.
The population consisted of 95 Association of Christian Schools, International members schools (in California), from which 15 schools (16% response rate), represented by 16 administrators and 221 teachers, participated in the study. Ten of the administrators were women. Respondents completed the LPI and the School Mission Survey (SMS; developed by the author for this study). Internal reliability for the LPI in this study was .96 (overall). In the qualitative portion of the study four schools were visited and interviews were held with the administrator and three teachers.


text:
template <class TransferableObjectType> class osTransferableObjectCreator;

// Infra:
#include <AMDTBaseTools/Include/gtString.h>

// Local:
#include <AMDTAPIClasses/Include/Events/apEvent.h>

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Class Name:           AP_API apModuleUnloadedEvent
// General Description:
//   Represents the event of module (DLL / shared library / etc) unloaded from the
//   debugged process address space.
//
// Author:  AMD Developer Tools Team
// Creation Date:        30/3/2004
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class AP_API apModuleUnloadedEvent : public apEvent
{
public:
    apModuleUnloadedEvent(osThreadId triggeringThreadId, const gtString& modulePath);

    // Overrides osTransferableObject:
    virtual osTransferableObjectType type() const;
    virtual bool writeSelfIntoChannel(osChannel& ipcChannel) const;
    virtual bool readSelfFromChannel(osChannel& ipcChannel);

    // Overrides apEvent:
    virtual EventType eventType() const;
    virtual apEvent* clone() const;

    // Self functions:
    const gtString& modulePath() const { return _modulePath; };

private:
    friend class osTransferableObjectCreator<apModuleUnloadedEvent>;

    // Do not allow the use of the default constructor:
    apModuleUnloadedEvent();

private:
    // The unloaded module path:
    gtString _modulePath;
};

#endif //__APMODULEUNLOADEDEVENT_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


WASHINGTON — During every previous All-Star Game in Washington, the president was part of the story. That might not be the case Tuesday night.
"It's very disruptive when a president comes to a game because they stop all the traffic. People can't get in the gates," said Republican congressman Tom Davis, a Nationals season-ticket holder.
President George H.W. Bush (right) chats with Boston Red Sox player Wade Boggs prior to the start of the 1991 All-Star Game in Toronto.
Ben Nuckols is an Associated Press writer.


According to sources, the post-mortem examination conducted on Subodh Kumar confirmed gunshot injury by a .32 mm bore bullet on his head. Till now, four people have been arrested in connection with the killing of the police officer. Shrey Pratap Singh, son of Police inspector Subodh Singh said, "We met the Chief Minister and he has assured us that we will get justice." "Law and order is usually good here but the police were kept in dark about the Islamic congregation that happened here, which caused chaos.
This is the cause of this violence," said Bhola Singh, Bharatiya Janata Party MP from Bulandshahr.


text:
90 Day Fiance: Before The 90 Days: Tim Malcolm's Ex Veronica Rodriguez Criticizes Jeniffer Tarazona's Parenting & Insinuated That Jeniffer Was "On Something"
90 Day Fiance: Before the 90 Days couple Jeniffer and Timothy often seemed a mismatch. She wanted Timothy to participate in outdoor activities, while he was more content to spend the day at the spa. Jeniffer was pushing for intimacy while Timothy held off. Regardless, the two decided to continue with their long distance relationship.
Then there was the issue of Timothy's ex Veronica, with whom he is still very close. Jeniffer was understandably concerned about the amount of influence Veronica had in Tim's life. The two ladies had a cringeworthy video chat that proved the point. Veronica asked Jeniffer if she and Timothy had been intimate yet. Timothy also chose to give Jeniffer a ring that he first proposed to Veronica with. Yikes! That was everything we saw in Season 3. But how are these two fairing in their unconsummated, long-distance relationship? And does Veronica still insert herself into their affairs?
90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days Recap: Tell All Part 2
Last night's episode of 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days definitely contained even more drama than the first tell all episode. The gloves come off when one person attacks several cast members. Insults are thrown, curse words are said, and hands are almost thrown. You will not be disappointed. There are plenty of fights, tears and reveals throughout the conclusion of the finale.
The cast sits down and gives an update on where their relationships stand now. Some of the biggest moments of the season are highlighted and each person gets a chance to explain their side. Let's get straight into the recap!
90 Day Fiance,Recaps
90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days Recap: Against All Odds + Tell All Part 1
Last night's episode of 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days, was packed full of drama and revelations. Many couples realize that their journey is about to get a lot more difficult as they attempt to start the K1 visa process. For some, there were breakups and for others makeups. This episode wrapped up the season and gave us Part 1 of the Tell All.
The couples must part ways, but not all couples handle the distance well. The cast sits down and gives an update on their relationships. Some of the most intense moments from the season are discussed. Let's get straight into the recap!
90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days Recap: King Of My Heart
Last night's episode of 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days was probably one of the most normal since the beginning of the season. But it also was very informative and really set up viewers for the Tell All next week. I already know this is just the calm before the storm. There is no way the crazy won't reemerge just in time for next week's reunion. I am so ready to find out what has been going on behind the scenes.
Benjamin struggles through the bride price ceremony. Tim leaves Colombia with unfinished business. Tom Brooks plans a big gesture for Darcey Silva's last night. Angela Deem feels uneasy at her engagement party. Let's get straight into the 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days recap!
90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days Recap: Hard To Say I'm Sorry
Last night's episode of 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days, was like a gift from the reality TV gods. Between the desperation, delusion, and the secrets, I was on the edge of my seat. I often wonder if these people have no relationship/people experience. Why do they do these stupid things and believe that they will get positive results? But I am starting to realize that trying to compare their actions with rational people is what is actually crazy.
Tim makes a stupid decision. Benjamin negotiates a bride price for Akinyi. Darcey Silva confides in Tom Brooks' sister. Angela Deem tries to make amends with Michael Ilesanmi's friends. Rebecca reveals shocking news to Zied. Get ready to break down the crazy!
90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days Recap: Treat Me Right
Last night's episode of 90 Day Fiancé Before The 90 Days was like a soap opera on speed. There were tears, fights, and a shit load of drama. I was thoroughly entertained throughout the entire episode. Thank you TLC for this gift that just keeps on giving. I begin my day smiling because my life is cake walk in comparison to some of these people's.
Benjamin ponders taking his relationship with Akinyi to the next level. Angela Deem confronts Michael Ilesanmi's friends. Jeniffer and Tim question their compatibility. Avery and Omar spend their last day together. Rebecca and Zied head to the Sahara Desert. Ready, set, recap!
90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days Recap: Out Of The Blue
Last night's episode of 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days, was very telling, to say the least. I guess none of these people ever heard the saying, "when someone shows you who they are, believe them." I think all of the couples, were shown a hand, it's up to them whether they play it. For some, it may be time to run as far as they can. But we know this is the lives of the desperate and delusional, there is no way they will do anything that would seem rational.
Avery learns Omar's expectations, as his wife. I'm sure she hasn't even begun to scratch the surface of how her life is going to change. I hope she realizes she won't be able to strong arm her husband the way she does her mother. Benjamin sees a new side of Akinyi. Rebecca begins to distrust Zied's intentions. Let's dive into these murky waters and get into the 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days recap!
90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days Recap: True Colors
Last night's episode of 90 Day Fiance Before The 90 Days, gave me everything I needed, and more. There was drama, drama, and more drama! I can't understand how ignorant some of these Americans are to the countries where they are traveling. I'm not saying they have to be experts, but they can't use Google?
Rebecca learns the results of Zied's background check. Am I the only one who thinks she should quit her day job as a private investigator? Rebecca probably has her services listed as 80% off on Groupon. Benjamin finally meets Akinyi's father. Darcey Silva and Tom Brooks' relationship takes a turn for the worse.