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SCREENING AND CASE FINDING FOR THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER
It is widely acknowledged that eating disorders are prevalent and constitute significant health problems among young women. The aim of this chapter is to provide the rationale for general practitioners screening for patients suffering from eating disorders as well as suggest practical methods for case identification, early intervention and referral. The two main eating disorders anorexia and bulimia nervosa have serious physical and psychiatric morbidity c.f. Garner, Vitousek & Pike, 1997; Garner & Dalle Grave, 1999; Note 1), and in the case of anorexia nervosa, mortality is higher than any other psychiatric disorder). There is evidence that effective treatment exists for both bulimia and anorexia nervosa; however, findings from community studies indicate that only a minority of cases are in treatment. These are some of the factors that have led researchers to employ various screening strategies in order estimate the prevalence of eating disorders as well as to detect cases for the purpose of earlier interventions.
Incidence and Prevalence.
Incidence rates are defined as the number of new cases in the population per year whereas prevalence rates refers to the actual number of cases in the population at a certain point in time. Eating disorders have been studied most commonly using prevalence studies and, in most cases, these have been conducted on high risk populations like college students and athletes (Garner, Rosen & Berry, 1998). There are serious limitations to estimates of the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders, because most have been derived exclusively from self-report instruments and on samples that may not reflect important demographic differences in base rates. In general, estimates based exclusively on questionnaires yield much higher rates of eating disorders.
Estimates of incidence based on detected cases in a primary care practices yielded rates of 8.1 per 100,000 persons per year for anorexia nervosa and 11.5 for bulimia nervosa (Hoek et al., 1995). The most sophisticated prevalence studies using strict diagnostic criteria report rates of about 0.3% for anorexia nervosa and about 1% for bulimia nervosa among young females in the community. This compares to surveys using questionnaires that find that as many as 19% of female students report bulimic symptoms. Prevalence studies of higher risk samples indicate that serious eating disorders occur in as many as 4% of female high school and college students (Hoek et al., 1995). Suspected cases of clinical eating disorders or subclinical variants are even more common among "high risk" groups of athletes competing in sports that emphasize leanness to enhance performance or appearance (Garner et al., 1998).
Prevalence estimates for eating disorders vary widely depending on the methods used and definitions of the disorder. Self-report methods have generally produced higher prevalence estimates than interview-based methods. In contrast, data from epidemiological studies have led to the conclusion that current diagnostic criteria may be overly restrictive in that many of those who fail to meet certain diagnostic thresholds have similar psychiatric morbidity to those with the full syndrome.
Screening Versus Case Finding.
Screening and case finding are based on the assumption that early identification of a disorder can lead to earlier treatment thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. Screening for a variety of medical disorders has become routine in a range of different settings and involves testing presumably healthy volunteers from the general population for the purpose of separating them into groups that have either a high or a low probability of having a particular disorder. An example of screening would be a national program aimed at identifying those who are HIV positive, or who have breast cancer in a particular population. In screening, the initiative is taken by the health professional rather than volunteered by the patient.
In contrast, case finding involves testing patients who have voluntarily sought health care or information as part of a comprehensive assessment of health. Health care workers may screen for certain disorders during routine physical examinations in patients who are at risk or in community-based voluntary settings. An example of case finding would be blood pressure assessment in a shopping mall or mammographies offered at community centers. The routine practice of a primary care physician closely resembles this definition of case finding since it is common for a complaint-related or non-complaint-related illness to be identified in the course of the patient seeking care.
Screening and case finding are not appropriate for every condition or disorder. Key indications for employing a screening for a disorder or condition are that it constitutes an important health problem, it is treatable, and that early identification leads to a favorable outcome. The decision to screen always depends on weighing factors including potential beneficial and harmful effects of testing for the individual as well as the population surveyed. In addition, the screening test employed should have desirable psychometric characteristics (including sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value) as well as be relatively simple, economical, and acceptable to those asked to complete it. The efficiency of screening is depends on the validity or accuracy of the testing as well as on the prevalence of the disorder. Again, the main difference between screening and case finding is who initiates the initial contact. In both case finding and screening, the health professional must carefully evaluate the risks and the benefits of the procedures used as well as the practicability, effectiveness and the efficiency of the measures employed.
Screening and case finding carry different ethical obligations. If the practitioner initiates the screening, there needs to be conclusive evidence that the procedure can positively affect the natural history of the disorder. Moreover, the risks of screening on those who are unaffected must be carefully considered since the target individual who has not asked the health professional for assistance. This situation is somewhat different from case finding where the patient has asked for some level of assistance. While the patient should be assured of the highest standard of care available at all times, case identification occurs in the context of a patient asking for assistance. In this situation, there is no guarantee of benefit and, it could be argued, that there is at least some implied exposure to risk. In other words, the implications of an uninvited intrusion on a person with the suggestion that they could have a health concern or that they indeed manifest an illness requires a higher burden of proof that the potential benefits far outweigh the risks.
In the eating disorder field, both screening and case finding studies have been conducted with little discussion of the relative risks of these procedures. It is not uncommon for eating disorder patients to reveal in an initial consultation that they learned about self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse from a well-meaning research survey "educational" program. Thus, case finding must be conducted in a general practice setting with caution and careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to the individual.
The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) for Screening and Case Finding.
The EAT is a standardized, self-report measure of symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders. It is designed to be economical both in administration and scoring time. The EAT has been used as a screening and case finding instrument in non-clinical populations. A factor analysis of the original 40-item EAT (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) produced a 26-item abbreviated measure, the EAT-26 (Garner, Olmsted, Bohr, & Garfinkel, 1982). The total score of the EAT-26 is the sum of the scores of the individual scores on the test.
The EAT does not yield a specific diagnosis of an eating disorder but studies have shown that it can be an efficient case finding or screening instrument to identify those who are at increased risk for serious eating disorders. Neither the EAT, nor any other screening instrument, has been established as highly efficient as the sole means for identifying eating disorders. This is attributable in large part to the relatively low prevalence of eating disorders in most populations of interest. A disorder must have a prevalence approaching 20% in order for the test to be efficient in detection. Thus, even with a highly valid test, it is very difficult to achieve high efficiency in detecting eating disorders that have a prevalence between 2% and 4% in populations of adolescent or young women. The relatively low incidence of eating disorders has led to recommendations that screening be confined to "high risk" groups and that a "two stage" method be used in which a screening questionnaire is administered to a sample or to the entire population and only with high scores are interviewed.
The two-stage survey process is illustrated in a general practice setting by King (1989; 1991) who studied the men and women between the ages of 16 and 35 years of age were asked to compete the EAT-26 in the waiting rooms of several general practices. Of the 748 people contacted, 96% completed the EAT-26. Of the 76 high scorers, 7 refused an interview and of the remaining 69 individuals, 7 cases of bulimia nervosa were found (6 female and 1 male). King (1989, 1991) found that very few of those who scored at or below the cut-off on the EAT had eating disorders or serious eating concerns on interview (few false negatives). Of those who scored above the cut-off on the EAT, a third had clinically significant eating concerns or weight preoccupations. In a follow-up of high scorers 12-18 months later, 20% of those who initially had a "partial syndrome" now met diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder. Moreover, more than 30% of the initial "normal dieters" became "obsessive dieters" (King, 1991).
Cuzzolaro & Petrilli (1988) translated the EAT-40 into Italian and validated in Italy. More recently, the EAT-26 has been validated by Dotti and Lazzari (1998) in a sample of 1,277 roman high school students. Several research teams have used the EAT to estimate prevalence of eating disorders in Italy (Santonastaso, Zanetti, Sala, Favaretto, Vidotto, & Favaro, 1996; Dalle Grave, DeLuca & Oliosi, 1997; Vetrone, Cuzzolaro & Antonozzi, 1997). Using a two-stage design, Dalle Grave et al. (1997) surveyed 795 students in southern Italy using the EAT-40 and found that 17.3% of the females and 1% of the males scored above the EAT cut-off score with a point prevalence for eating disorders of 5.4% among the female students. In the Vetrone et al. (1997) study of 297 Italian schoolgirls, 24 cases (8.1%) were identified as cases of eating disorders (5 bulimia nervosa and 19 eating disorder NOS; however, only 16 of these (all 5 bulimia nervosa and 11 eating disorder NOS) scored above the cut-off score on the EAT. The 8 participants who scored below the EAT cut-off score were identified using other criteria that proved useful. Dotti and Lazzari (1998) surveyed Roman high-school students and interviewed 95 students with a score of 20 or more. They found that 13.1% of the girls and only 1.3% of the boys scored over this cut-off score on the EAT-26. They also interviewed and diagnosed 40 randomly selected students with low scores. Results indicated that the EAT-26 was more sensitive to the presence of an eating disorder than to a specific clinical entity and it was concluded that the EAT-26 be used to isolate cases at risk of clinical spectrum eating disorders.
National Eating Disorders Screening (case finding) Program (NEDSP)
The EAT-26 was used in the 1998 National Eating Disorder Screening Program (NEDSP) in the United States (Garner et al., 1999) and behavioral questions were added to the EAT-26 to improve the instrument's ability in "case finding". The aim of the NEDSP was to determine the effectiveness of a national effort to identify those suffering from eating disorders and to encourage them to seek professional help. In February 1998, the National Eating Disorders Screening Program conducted screening for eating disorders at 1083 sites in the United States. A total of 69,374 individuals attended the screening and 35,897 individuals were screened for eating disorders. More than half of those screened were college students. Follow-up by telephone interview was conducted two months after the initial case finding on a representative sample of 937 participants. Of those screened and then interviewed at follow-up, 34.5% scored positively (20 or more) on the EAT, and 89% of these individuals were not in treatment at the time of screening. Of those interviewed, 15% reported vomiting in the preceding 6 months to control their weight, 15% reported abusing laxatives, 33% used diet pills, and 11% took diuretics. Results from the follow-up indicated that 38% of the sample was referred for further treatment. Of those who scored positively on the EAT, and were referred to a clinician, 42% actually followed through and saw a clinician and 76% of this group continued in further treatment. Of those interviewed, 82% felt that the screening program was helpful in at least some way and 32% noted an improvement in their eating attitudes or behaviors following the NEDSP. The EAT proved to be a psychometrically sound and useful screening instrument, particularly when supplemented by behavioral questions asking about eating disorder symptom frequencies. It is concluded that voluntary screening for eating disorders is an effective way to bring certain untreated individuals to treatment.
It is important for the health professional to understand that the EAT is not a substitute for an interview for those with eating disorders. Although self-report measures like the EAT should never be used as the sole basis for diagnostic and treatment decisions, they do provide an efficient means of obtaining information for clinical and research purposes. The EAT has the advantages of economy in administration and scoring. It also may minimize interviewer bias and other potential threats to validity that stem from responses being derived from the interaction between the interviewer and the subject. When used as the initial step in a two-stage process, the EAT can alert the practitioner to patients who have potentially serious eating disorder symptoms.
Screening for Eating Disorders in Athletes.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in eating disorders among athletes. Most studies of athletes competing in sports that emphasize leanness to enhance performance or appearance (e.g. dance, gymnastics, distance running, wrestling) have shown that they are at increased risk for the development of eating disorders. The reasons for the increased prevalence of eating disorders among certain subgroup of athletes has been open to considerable speculation. The most common view has been that the pressures to diet and become thin may actually trigger eating disorders in those with specific vulnerabilities (Garner, Rosen & Berry, 1998; Garner & Dalle Grave, 1999). Alternatively, it may be that certain sports may attract athletes with pre-existing eating disorders. There have also been suggestions that certain personality and family factors common in athletes may predispose them to develop eating disorders. It is important for general practitioners to be aware of the connection between eating disorders and athletes in order to improve case identification.
The failure of some studies to find higher rates of eating disorders among certain groups of athletes has raised questions regarding their actual prevalence as well as the utility of conventional assessment methods. One criticism of self-report instruments such as the EAT is that they are highly vulnerable to denial of symptoms. However, in arguably the most methodologically sophisticated and comprehensive study of disordered eating among athletes, Sundgot-Borgen (1994) examined risk factors for eating disorders among elite athletes representing six different groups of sports. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), a measure with many similarities to the EAT, was administered to all participants and careful steps were taken to address the issue of respondent truthfulness. Of the 522 elite female athletes participating in one phase of the study, 117 (22.4%) were classified "at risk" for an eating disorder based on scores on the Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction subscales of the EDI (Sundgot-Borgen, 1994). Of the at "at risk" athletes who participated in a clinical interview (N=103), 48% met criteria for anorexia or bulimia nervosa and 41% had clinically significant eating disorder symptoms but failed to meet all diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of eating disorders was greatest in sports where athletes are encouraged to be thin to meet performance or appearance standards. Although negative findings in some studies have been used to cast doubt on the utility of self-report instruments, the fact that these same measures have been used successfully to screen for eating disorders in other studies suggests that the false negatives may be due more to poor study design than to inherent flaws in the assessment instruments. Valid findings require procedures that assure respondents that results will be kept strictly confidential and that identification of eating problems will not lead to some negative outcome.
There also has been controversy regarding the meaning of eating disorders among athletes. There have been those who have raised alarm about high prevalence rates and others who have suggested that eating disorders in athletes are a benign form of the clinical syndrome. This is certainly a controversial position that we do not share. The topic of eating disorders among athletes addressed in detail in a review by Garner et al. (1999) and we will discuss it here further.
Final Comments.
There potentially tremendous benefit from a general practitioner screening for an eating disorder. Eating disorders have devastating physical, psychological and social consequences. This is reflected in the high level of mortality, morbidity and the poor quality of life that they confer. Screening has the potential for allowing early identification of eating disorders and this can lead to earlier treatment which has been shown to lead to a more favorable prognosis
One of the criteria for determining if screening should be conducted for a particular disorder relates to whether or not a effective treatment is available. Over the past two decades, there has been a rapid expansion in controlled psychological and pharmacologic research which has resulted in a number of very effective treatments (see Garner & Dalle Grave, 1999). Morever, there is evidence that simple education regarding the effects of starvation on behavior can lead to the reduction of serious eating disorder symptoms (Garner, 1997; Garner & Dalle Grave, in press). Nevertheless, there are risks of screening for eating disorders. It is possible that well-meaning efforts at screening may actually cause certain people to develop eating disorder symptoms. The intention to change the course of a participant in a screening program must exercise extreme caution to ensure that the change is for the better rather than for the worse. These risks are somewhat less in case finding methods since the target of the survey has sought assistance from the health care professional.
Another important principle in screening and case finding is the availability of an economical and valid instrument for detecting the particular disorder of interest. It has been more than two decades since the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) was described as a screening instrument in high-risk populations. The EAT-26 has a number of limitations including its reliance on the respondent's honesty during testing. Nevertheless, a significant number of research studies have shown that the eating is an economical, reliable and valid instrument that can assist in identifying in different cultures (Nasser, 1997). The recent addition of specific behavioral questions to supplement the eating may improve the EAT's ability to detect clinical cases of eating disorders; however, the EAT remains a face-valid test of the level of concern the patient is expressing surrounding eating symptoms. If used with specific interview probes suggested in this chapter, the EAT can be a useful tool in the arsenal of assessment procedures used by the general practitioner.
Note 1: Adapted from: In: Anoressia, Bulimia Binge Eating Disorder (edited by: Fabio Piccini, M.D.) Il ruolo del medico nello screening dei DCA.
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Garner, D.M. & Dalle Grave, R. (1999). Terapia cognitivo comportamentale dei disturbi dell'alimentazione.
Garner, D.M. & Dalle Grave, R. (In press). Review of the Classic Key's "Starvation" Study and its Relevance to the Understanding and Treatment of Eating Disorders. Eating & Weight Disorders.
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King, M. B. (1989). Eating disorders in a general practice population. Prevalence, characteristics and follow-up at 12 to 18 months, Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement 14, 1-34.
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Nasser, M. (1997). The EAT speaks many languages: Review of the use of the EAT in eating disorders research. Eating & Weight Disorders, 2, 174-181.
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Powers P. (1997). Management of patients with comorbid medical conditions. In D. M. Garner & P. E. Garfinkel (Eds.), Handbook of treatment for eating disorders (pp.424-436), New York: Guilford Press.
Santonastaso, P., Zanetti, T., Sala, A., Favaretto, G., Vidotto, G., Favaro, A. (1996). Prevalence of eating disorders in Italy: A survey on a sample of 16-year of female students. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 158-162.
Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1994). Risk and trigger factors for the development of eating disorders in female elite athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 26:414-419.
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a white or colorless, crystalline, water-soluble solid, KCl, used chiefly in the manufacture of fertilizers and mineral water, and as a source of other potassium compounds.
Also called potassium muriate, potash muriate.
A white crystalline solid or powder used widely in fertilizers and in the preparation of most potassium compounds. It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite. A unique property of potassium chloride is that it is more soluble in hot water, but less soluble in cold water, than sodium chloride is. Chemical formula: KCl.


This project aims to develop a theoretical framework to encompass recent developments in anti-democratic thought. Its focus is online groups that implicitly and often explicitly position themselves against the ethical norms and practices of modern democratic discourse and the Enlightenment derived aspirations of equality, deliberation, rationality and civility that underpin such discourse, such as rational-critical 'public sphere' traditions.
Building on earlier theorisations of anti-publics by McKenzie Wark (1997) and Bart Cammaerts (2007), the project analyses ideological and discursive continuities across online groups such as white supremacist groups, the 'men's rights movement', anti-climate science groups, the 'alt-right', and 'Dark Enlightenment' neoreactionary (NRX) groups. Such groups, it is argued, profoundly challenge the Enlightenment precepts that underpin modernity, and at the same time raise questions about the limits and viability of Enlightenment projects. One possibility raised by the research is that rather than being seen as an 'extremist' opposite of democratic culture, such groups and their discourse precisely mirror recent populist trends in public discourse consistent with developments in neoliberal capitalism and a broader transition towards post-normative 'late democracy'.


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NXT Halloween Havoc: Shotzi Blackheart thrilled to host
SI.com's Week in Wrestling is revealed each week and supplies beneath the floor protection of the enterprise of professional wrestling.
Shotzi Blackheart: 'I'm going to maintain dwelling within the second and dwelling quick. I'll maintain going as exhausting as I can, and also you'll see that at Halloween Havoc.'
Sitting in her tattoo artist's chair, two hours right into a three-hour session for a brand new horror tattoo, Shotzi Blackheart's thoughts was consumed by one thought.
"I'm the largest child once I get tattoos, it's so painful that I take each break I can," Blackheart says. "I used to be down for a break, and that's once I acquired a textual content from work asking me to name."
The workplace of Paul "Triple H" Levesque was sharing nice information with Blackheart, informing her that she could be internet hosting the Halloween Havoc-themed version of NXT, which airs reside Wednesday evening.
The return of Halloween Havoc will likely be a well-known sight for longtime wrestling followers. The pay-per-view occasion was as soon as a staple for WCW, serving because the launchpad for some distinctive ideas and matches. Halloween Havoc was residence to the Chamber of Horrors match, a Coal Miner's Glove match, a Monster Truck match, and maybe probably the most horrifying match of all time: the disastrous 1998 main event pitting Hulk Hogan in opposition to the Final Warrior.
There have been additionally all-time basic matches, with Eddie Guerrero–Rey Mysterio from Halloween Havoc in '97 remaining a bout with few friends. Randy Savage–Dallas Web page from '97 was additionally a implausible match and immensely vital to the long-term success of Web page. Different matches that also resonate a long time later are the '93 Texas Dying Match pitting Vader in opposition to Cactus Jack and a masterpiece between Steve Austin and Dustin Rhodes from '91.
"I didn't even know Halloween Havoc was coming again, however once I came upon I used to be internet hosting, I used to be so completely happy I nearly fainted," Blackheart says. "It was the best information ever.
"My favourite match of all-time is from '97, Guerrero–Mysterio. And earlier than wrestling, I needed to be a horror host, identical to Elvira and Vampira, watching horror films and making tacky feedback about them. It's going to be motive sufficient to tune in simply to see the Halloween outfits I'll be carrying."
Ashley Urbanski is the 28-year-old ball of fireplace recognized within the wrestling circle as Shotzi, and she or he is destined to inject pleasure and violence into the WWE product for the subsequent decade. The lone concern surrounding her longevity is her model, which features a reckless disregard for her well-being in pursuit of probably the most thrilling efficiency potential.
"That's precisely how I need folks watching at residence to really feel," Blackheart says. "I need them asking, 'Is Shotzi Blackheart going to die tonight?'"
Authenticity pours out of Blackheart's phrases and corresponding actions. She takes satisfaction in saying "Nobody can out-crazy Shotzi Blackheart," and that's extra promise than menace. Blackheart not too long ago reduce a promo the place she proudly used a staple gun on herself to inflict bodily hurt.
"The second I begin questioning or considering an excessive amount of, that's once I'll get harm," Blackheart says. "I simply go for it. For me, that's one of the best ways to do it. That is the life I reside."
The rebellious Blackheart has overtly invited ache into her life since she was 15, which is when she acquired her first tattoo—fittingly, the comedy and tragedy masks on her shoulder.
"I begged my dad to take me, and I even made a complete PowerPoint presentation on why I ought to be capable of get a tattoo regardless that I used to be solely 15," Blackheart says.
Earlier than embarking on a profession in professional wrestling, Blackheart shined in theater. She starred as Roxie Hart in her highschool's manufacturing of Chicago throughout her senior 12 months, then attended faculty for musical theater.
"Theater is the car that led me to professional wrestling," Blackheart says. "I used to be watching Uncooked, this mix of theater, violence and rock, and I requested myself, 'Why have I not been a wrestler your entire time?' I signed up the subsequent day at a wrestling college."
Blackheart has stood out in NXT, most not too long ago elevating her inventory even increased final month in a efficiency with NXT champion Io Shirai.
"That was my alternative to show myself as an in-ring participant," Blackheart. "Io is one of the best on the planet. My objective was to get to her stage. I used to be so targeted on that, so I used to be snug and assured."
The post-match interview following that loss to Shirai notably resonated. Blackheart held again tears as she very genuinely shared what the second meant to her, not the kind of content material witnessed within the scripted world of Uncooked.
"I can't cover my feelings," Blackheart says. "In that second, I legit needed to cry. Once you're watching, you're going to see my uncooked, actual feelings.
"I'm prepared to present it my all. I'm in it, I'm so in it, and I'm going to do every part I can to raise the ladies's division on this firm."
Followers of Blackheart hope the added highlight of internet hosting Halloween Havoc elevates her right into a long-term program with Shirai for the title. She plans on capitalizing upon her position as host, paying tribute to the legends of WCW whereas additionally highlighting the ladies and men who outline NXT.
"I at all times cherished Halloween Havoc, so to be resurrecting it after 20 years, it's insane," Blackheart says. "I'm going to maintain dwelling within the second and dwelling quick, going as exhausting as I can, and also you'll see that at Halloween Havoc."
The (on-line) week in wrestling
Three years in the past, Randy Orton and Bray Wyatt combined for probably the most disappointing matches in current WrestleMania historical past—however it seems to be as if they may have an opportunity to redeem themselves. Orton has loads of compelling matches forward, with opponents in Wyatt, Drew McIntyre and an upcoming Survivor Sequence match in opposition to the highest star within the enterprise, Roman Reigns.
No, they aren't Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr., and the scene didn't match completely right into a sports-centric present, however the MJF–Chris Jericho duet last week added a enjoyable half to Dynamite, setting the desk for MJF's activate Jericho.
Alex Reynolds tweeted that the scenario was dealt with effectively, however AEW must proceed to reassess its coverage on in-ring accidents after Reynolds was left unattended for too lengthy final Wednesday.
In one other reminder that wrestling will not be exempt from the pandemic, the WWE Efficiency Middle has reportedly seen extra optimistic exams that would affect Wednesday evening's NXT card.
Two must-see matches happening on Wednesday evening are Kenny Omega vs. Pentagon (changing Fenix, who was injured final week) on Dynamite and Cameron Grimes in opposition to Dexter Lumis on NXT in a Haunted Home of Terror match. The Omega–Pentagon match is a rematch of their implausible bout from All In, and Grimes is quietly turning into one in every of NXT's greatest acts.
Unhappy information to report as Tracy Smothers, probably the most revered males within the enterprise, has died of most cancers at age 58.
The massive variety of tributes pouring in for Smothers is a testomony to how a lot he meant to a number of generations of wrestlers.
This was an extremely detailed take a look at Omega's character work in AEW.
Daniel Bryan, who tweeted and shortly deleted criticism of President Trump final Thursday through the presidential debate, additionally made information on Friday when he introduced we're witnessing his final run as a full-time wrestler.
Bryan was additionally talked about by Huge E as an integral a part of the artistic group on SmackDown, working intently with Huge E's singles run.
Sadly, Affect Wrestling's Certain for Glory pay-per-view didn't meet the usual set this previous summer season by Slammiversary, particularly for these of us wanting ahead to seeing Deonna Purrazzo–Kylie Rae, which didn't happen however was marketed all through the present. There have been highlights, primarily in a implausible principal occasion, which noticed Wealthy Swann defeat Eric Younger to win the Affect title.
Bleacher Report's Jonathan Snowden wrote an incredible profile of Swann within the days main as much as Certain for Glory, which suggests much more following the title win.
With an help from the returning Pat McAfee, new tag group champions have been topped to shut out final week's version of NXT, with Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch prepared for a breakout second as champs.
Thunder Rosa dropped the NWA girls's world championship to Serena Deeb (who will defend the title on Dynamite in opposition to Leyla Hirsch), opening up prospects for Rosa's future.
AEW's Jake Hager returns to the Bellator cage on Thursday in a heavyweight combat in opposition to Brandon Calton. The principle card begins at 8 p.m. ET, however Hager (2–0, 1 NC) will seem earlier since he's preventing on the prelims. Although the 6′ 5″, 265-pound Calton (2–0) received his first two fights by TKO, with each bouts ending in below 90 seconds, that is meant to be a showcase combat for Hager.
Jonathan Gresham meets Tracy Williams this weekend within the finals of Ring of Honor's Pure Event, which is a implausible matchup that features historical past from their time collectively within the indies.
The artwork of wrestling pictures
Courtesy of Nick Karp
The newly launched Death In Covid publication is a uncommon look into the style of deathmatch wrestling.
Nick Karp led the picture exploration, which options photos from deathmatch reveals that every one occurred through the pandemic. Together with photographs from GameChanger Wrestling, Violence X Struggling, and IWA-Mid South's King of the Deathmatch, the undertaking spotlights a harmful, blood-soaked sector of professional wrestling that's nonetheless discovering methods to succeed amid the pandemic.
"This runs deeper than wrestling," Karp says. "It's documenting a subculture of American life through the pandemic. It's a subsection of this sport that's nonetheless working and nonetheless thriving."
The son of a photographer, Karp traveled from his residence in Queens, N.Y., to cowl as many reveals as potential for this undertaking.
"In the course of the early levels of COVID, I noticed that some promotions have been nonetheless working and, as a documentary photographer, that's the s— I like, documenting outlaw tradition," Karp says. "There have been so many unknowns about working reveals within the pandemic, however I assumed it will be a cool undertaking if I hyper targeted on this. I reached out to Adam from Orange Crush, and I'm very fortunate that I acquired his blessing."
The completed product is a 100-page zine, and it contains some commentary from the wrestlers placing their our bodies on the road within the loss of life matches.
"There may be one quote that basically stands out, and it's by Orin Vedit, who thought he wanted a blood transfusion," Karp says. "He offers a unique perspective of what it's like after wrestling a loss of life match within the pandemic, in a hospital the place guests aren't allowed, considering he may bleed out and die alone."
Karp captures photos that seize folks's consideration, and he was keen to push boundaries to focus on the dangers and sacrifices made by the performers.
"It's unbelievable to see the sort of efficiency artwork," Karp says. "That is documentation of how these wrestlers have been working when a lot else was shut down by the virus. I used to be in awe of their coronary heart. These wrestlers are doing what they love, even below the circumstances."
As if 2020 weren't wild sufficient, right here is The Rock serving to induct Ken Shamrock into the Affect Corridor of Fame.
Justin Barrasso might be reached at [email protected]. Observe him on Twitter @JustinBarrasso.
Tattoo artist dies by suicide in Kotla – cities
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45 Haunting 'Hocus Pocus' Tattoos

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A read from the ages about our age
Dr Qibla Ayaz
Literati
A study of philosophies in the Muslim world in the period between the 9th and 13th Centuries
I find it fascinating and apposite to equal degrees that Akbar S Ahmed's new book, The Flying Man: Aristotle and the Philosophers of the Golden Age of Islam, starts with a discussion about our collective and individual lives under the Covid-19 fears and restrictions. Shortly thereafter, it moves to a discussion of the January 6, insurrection of the US Capitol by a mob of former president Donald Trump's supporters. I found it impossible to resist reading a book about ancient philosophy that speaks to our times and tries to make sense of the mundane in our lives.
The subject and discussion that follow in the subsequent pages and chapters in the book make two things: first, the events that often appear unusual are only happening to us for the first time; and second, the sages and philosophers have through the ages grappled with similar moral and philosophical questions that we currently need to answer.
A large part of the problem with our age is our predisposition to see everything, including the intellectual, in dichotomous terms. Since our traumatic experience of colonialism, we have been instructed to subconsciously assume that the world exists in silos – that what is one cannot be the other. It was during this experience that the poet of colonisation, Rudyard Kipling, rhymed, "Oh, West is West, and East is East, and never the twain shall meet". The defining philosophy of our age, therefore, is to view different, often conflicting and competing, worlds within the planet that we inhabit. However, the idea that a plurality of knowledge exists in human societies where each has a claim of ownership over one is historically inaccurate, intellectually disingenuous and politically dangerous.
It is in this context that I believe that The Flying Man plays its part in trying to correct the global intellectual history. The central lesson from the book, to my mind, is that knowledge and philosophy have developed as a human, rather than a national, ethnic or civilisational, enterprise. The notion that knowledge and philosophies are divisible and exclusive runs counter to the very concept of knowledge itself.
The book primarily focuses on the study of philosophies in the Muslim world in the period between the 9th and 13th Centuries – a period also referred to as the Golden Age of Islam. Akbar contends that the study of philosophy (he refers to the Greek translation of the word as "the love of wisdom") is inherent in the teachings of Islam. Islam as a religion emphasises thinking and reasoning which are central to the process of philosophising. In that sense, the distinguished scholar argues that Islam instructs believers to become philosophers.
For any serious student of Islam, Akbar S Ahmed's view of the link between Islam and philosophy seems like an obvious relationship. The rich history of philosophical and scientific thought in the Muslim world is evident from the volumes and volumes that have been documented during this golden age that the book studies. However, I find this discussion topical because Islam has, unfortunately, and unjustly, been associated with fomenting a backward and anti-intellectual culture. Prof Ahmed is not mistaken when he asserts that the point that Islam is an intellectual religion has to be driven home both in the non-Muslim as well as in the Muslim societies – if anything, more so in the latter.
The book also lends considerable space to the exploration of the influence of Greek philosophers, most notably of Aristotle, on the philosophical thought in the Muslim world. Again, this is a connection that has been made in other books in the past. The most famous example, perhaps, is Dr Erwin Rosenthal's book Political Thought in Medieval Islam. However, I state this with much reverence to the earlier publications that The Flying Man successfully achieves the rare feat of being a book about the philosophy that is accessible to readers who might not have much knowledge of the subject, without compromising on the integrity of the philosophical discussions that it contains.
Without spoiling it for the prospective reader with content-specific commentary, I would recommend the book to anyone who is interested in philosophical subjects such as the claims regarding the creation and purpose of the universe and an individual's place in it and the relationship between the spiritual and the physical. I think the book is useful for young Muslims who are disenchanted with the religious class for what they perceive as the lack of intellectual rigor, as well as, for the youth who feel that their faith is threatened due to misunderstanding by outsiders but lack sufficient knowledge about the intellectual history of their faith to be able to defend it.
The Flying Man: Aristotle and the Philosophers of the Golden Age of Islam
Author: Akbar S Ahmed
Publisher: Amana
The reviewer is a PhD from the University of Edinburgh in Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies. He is a former vice-chancellor of the University of Peshawar. He is currently the chairman of the Council of Islamic Ideology. He can be reached at qibla1@outlook.com
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The purpose of ReDiscovery is to provide training, technical assistance, and educational materials on long-term recovery services and resources for individuals with disabilities or other functional and access needs affected by Hurricane Harvey. Training is available either in person or online.
ReDiscovery in-person training sessions are available in one, 1.5, or 2-hour formats.
know actions for mitigation of and preparedness for future disasters.
A case-based approach is available to practice the application of tools and resources.
To schedule a ReDiscovery in-person training please email disabilityresources@tamu.edu or call 979-224-7226.
The ReDiscovery online course allows participants to work online at their own pace. It includes 5 hours of online training across a 10-day period and evidence-based course materials. CEUs are available and participants will earn a certificate of completion from Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin.
collaboration with community-based groups and disability-related organizations.
The ReDiscovery Project is funded by the American Red Cross and the Rebuild Texas Fund in collaboration with the Center for Disaster Philanthropy through grants awarded to Dr. Laura M. Stough at Texas A&M University and to Dr. Amy N. Sharp at the University of Texas at Austin.
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Wolfsberger v Borussia Dortmund: Bender praises 'fun but exhausting' training
By FourFourTwo Staff
Borussia Dortmund midfielder Sven Bender has praised Thomas Tuchel's approach ahead of a UEFA Europa League clash with Wolfsberger.
Borussia Dortmund midfielder Sven Bender described the club's pre-season training under new coach Thomas Tuchel as "fun but exhausting" ahead of the UEFA Europa League qualifier against Austrian side Wolfsberger.
Bender, 26, is embarking on his sixth season as a Dortmund player and he will be playing under a new manager for the first time.
Tuchel's first challenge as Dortmund coach is to take his new charges to Wolfsberg, where they meet the fifth-placed team from last season's Austrian Bundesliga.
Bender told the club's official website: "The coach is extremely detailed and tries to give us everything.
"It makes a lot of fun, but also exhausting. You will be clearly criticised if you have to do something better."
On the Europa League qualifying matches, Bender added: "We can also use these games to bring security. Then this very early start to the season can have a positive aspect for us."
Dortmund left-back Marcel Schmelzer said his teammates were adapting well to the new tactical approach under Tuchel, saying: "It is a different system, but the basic things do not change.
"The game remains the same, the focus is different."
Wolfsberger defeated Shakhtyor of Belarus over two legs to set up the clash with Dortmund, but Schmelzer is determined to see off the Austrians, saying: "The goal is to move into the group stage. You almost do not care who you play, but of course the trip to Austria is more pleasant than to Belarus."
The fixture could also see Dortmund hand debuts to their trio of close-season signings.
Tuchel has recruited midfielder Gonzalo Castro from Bayer Leverkusen for a reported €11million, while Julian Weigl has arrived from 1860 Munich and Roman Burki has been acquired from Freiburg.
All three new arrivals played some part as Dortmund triumphed 2-0 over Dortmund in a friendly on Saturday.
Dortmund must face both legs of their qualifier against Wolfsberger before their domestic campaign begins on August 15, at home against last season's third-placed Bundesliga finishers, Borussia Monchengladbach.
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Sven Bender
Marcel Schmelzer


I had begun to think that it was just my imagination or that I was just being overly sensitive as it seemed to me that there had been an increase in commercials for diamonds running on TV this holiday season but after a discussion with others at work last night, we have come to the conclusion that there ARE more jewelry commercials than usual this year.
I feel like I've been inundated with one commercial after another proclaiming that "a diamond lasts forever" or "every kiss begins with Kay" and whereas that might warm the heart of every woman out there hoping to get that special piece of jewelry from her very special someone to make her holiday complete, I can't possibly be the only one who watches these things and gets just a little - well - bummed. And I'm not just referring to this Christmas where I've got a snowball's chance in a very warm place of getting a diamond or even a cubic zirconia but I'm remembering Christmases past.
And even though those were lovely gifts, I couldn't help but to be just a little let-down because I wasn't surprised with the velvet-covered box presented to me in front of the roaring fireplace like the women in the commercials. Commercials like that set up just a little hope of expectation for those of us who have even a small glimmer of romance down in our souls and even though we know full well that real life is not like life in the movies or on TV or even in commercials it can be just a little disappointing to find that real life is a sewing machine and not a diamond.
yeah, my "diamond" this year is cookware! Although he did give me an early Christmas present this week.... he bought my Satellite Radio!! YIPEE!!


Mudiyettu is a ritual dance drama from Kerala based on the mythological tale of a battle between the goddess Kali and the demon Darika. It is a community ritual in which the entire village participates. After the summer crops have been harvested, the villagers reach the temple in the early morning on an appointed day. Mudiyettu performers purify themselves through fasting and prayer, then draw a huge image of goddess Kali, called as kalam, on the temple floor with coloured powders, wherein the spirit of the goddess is invoked. This prepares the ground for the lively enactment to follow, in which the divine sage Narada importunes Shiva to contain the demon Darika, who is immune to defeat by mortals. Shiva instead commands that Darika will die at the hand of the goddess Kali. Mudiyettu is performed annually in 'Bhagavati Kavus', the temples of the goddess, in different villages along the rivers Chalakkudy Puzha, Periyar and Moovattupuzha. Mutual cooperation and collective participation of each caste in the ritual instils and strengthens common identity and mutual bonding in the community. Responsibility for its transmission lies with the elders and senior performers, who engage the younger generation as apprentices during the course of the performance. Mudiyettu serves as an important cultural site for transmission of traditional values, ethics, moral codes and aesthetic norms of the community to the next generation, thereby ensuring its continuity and relevance in present times.
R.5: Mudiyettu is included in the inventory of the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, a national repository of Indian arts and culture under the Ministry of Culture.
Inscribes Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.


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Home / News / Winners decided at Edgbaston Blind and Visually Impaired Regional Tennis Series
Winners decided at Edgbaston Blind and Visually Impaired Regional Tennis Series
Paul Ryb
Roy Turnham and Brenda Cassell made it back-to-back-singles victories in successive tournaments as Edgbaston Priory hosted the second Tennis Foundation Blind and Visually Impaired Regional Tennis Series event.
While Roy Turnham won the B1 Mixed Singles and Cassell took the B4 Women's Singles, there were also singles victories for Paul Ryb and Sarah Fortescue in their respective B3 Men's and Women's Singles events, with Roy Turnham ending the tournament as a singles and doubles victor.
A new initiative for 2016, the regional tournaments will count towards qualification for the Blind and Visually Impaired Tennis National Championships which will take place in October at the National Tennis Centre.
The B1 Mixed Singles began with Mark Turnham and Maria Oshodi both progressing to the semi-finals after winning tie-breaks. Roy Turnham went on to reach the final with a comfortable 4-0 win over Oshodi, but as he had done at the first tournament of the years in Sutton Nikhil Nair edged a tie-break in his semi-final, beating Mark Turnham to set up a rematch of the B1 Mixed Singles final in Sutton against Roy Turnham. The Sutton event ended with Roy Turnham taking the major honours after a tie-break against National champion Nair, but in Edgbaston he avoided the tie-break to seal a 5-3 victory.
Having beaten Yvette Priestley in their opening B1 Singles match, Roy Turnham partnered Priestley to win the B1 Mixed Doubles after they secured a 5-3 win over runners-up Naqi Rizvi and Daniel Owen.
After being winner and runner-up in their respective singles events in Sutton, James Currie and Ryb also finished in the top two positions in the Visually Impaired Men's Singles in Edgbaston, but with Ryb winning his event on this occasion after dropping a total of just five games across his four round-robin matches. Among his four wins Ryb defeated Currie, the runner-up with three wins from his four matches, 4-2.
Sarah Fortescue made it three wins out of three matches in the B3 women's singles after clinching a tie-break to beat Wendy Glasper 5-4(2). However, ultimately Glasper was unable to win a match despite playing two tie-breaks in her three contests and another close contest saw Gillian Currie finish runner-up after defeating Andrea Logan 5-3.
Cassell's singles victory for the second tournament in a row came after four wins out of four matches in the Women's B4 Singles, one of the Essex player's two 4-0 wins coming over runner-up Rosine Pybus while her closest contest ended in a 5-3 win over third place Chanel Quatre.
Currie and Neil Fradgley won both their matches 4-0 to win the Men's Visually Impaired Doubles. Meanwhile, Glasper and Pybus also won both their Women's Visually Impaired Doubles matches 4-1 to secure another convincing victory as Currie and Pybus went one better than in their singles events.
Posted in news, visually impaired tennisTagged news, visually impaired
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Transco's national control centre at Hinckley, Leicestershire, monitors and controls the flow of gas through the network, operating compressor stations and flow control valves to ensure the optimum supply of gas to Transco's local distribution zones, power stations, and other large gas users.
Every minute of every day, 44,000 telemetered items, such as pressures and flow rates, are scanned. The centre uses the demand forecasts produced by the areas, together with nominations from power stations and other large users, to determine the country's total gas requirements. The centre also monitors the amount of gas which shippers plan to put into the system, and takes steps, including the buying and selling of gas, to ensure that supply and demand remain in balance throughout the day.
Four area control centres – at Killingworth, Hinckley, Dorking and Gloucester - operate the local gas transportation system in their area. Gas from the National Transmission System has to be reduced in pressure several times before it reaches the consumer's meter. To achieve this, each area control centre monitors and controls up to 600 major pressure reduction stations, as well as local storage installations, which smooth out the variation in demand throughout the day.


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05, Bonferroni correction to correct for multiple testing) Real-
05, Bonferroni correction to correct for multiple testing). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) analysis To validate the selected miRNA expression levels in ES samples compared to control samples, RT-PCR analysis was applied. The miScript Reverse Transcription
Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) served for reverse transcription of RNA, according to manufacturer's guidelines. QRT-PCR was performed on a Light-cycler, software v.3.5 (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany) by the SYBR Green miScript PCR system (Qiagen). Each reaction was performed in a 20-μl volume with 5 ng template cDNA. The primers for amplification of selected miRNAs and snRNA U6 were purchased from the Qiagen. The experiments were performed in duplicate for each RNA sample, and every run included a control ATM Kinase Inhibitor research buy without template. The U6 primer assay (Qiagen) served as an endogenous control for Capmatinib normalization. The relative quantification (RQ) for each miRNA, compared with U6 was calculated using equation 2-ΔΔCt. Relationship between miRNA and CGH data We investigated whether any association existed between miRNA expression changes and gain/loss of genomic regions. We GDC-0941 purchase mapped each miRNA to its chromosomal band location, which was retrieved from the Ensembl, using the biomaRt package, and the mirBase database. For each miRNA, we counted the number of xenograft samples (out of 14) in which there was loss, gain, or no change in copy number for the corresponding
chromosomal band. Possible associations were determined by counting the number of samples showing miRNA over-expressed/genomic gain and miRNA under-expressed/genomic loss. We also counted the number of control samples (out of 2) in which the miRNA was detected. Predicted targets of differentially expressed miRNAs After having acquired the Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II differentially expressed miRNAs, we used the miRBase target prediction database (http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk),
TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org), and miRanda (http://www.microRNA.org) for evaluation of the predicted mRNA targets. The list of predicted mRNA targets was screened for the genes known to be functionally relevant in ES and predicted at least by one of the algorithms. Results Copy number alterations in xenografts By the aCGH analysis, xenograft passages displayed a total of 28 copy number changes, of which approximately half appeared in every passage of each series whilst the other half were present in some of the passages of each series (Table 2, and 3). All these changes were evident in passage 0. Moreover, the clustering analysis of aCGH profiles for each cytogenetic location indicated that the aCGH profiles of the passages 0 as primary tumors and the rest of the xenograft passages were similar (Figure 1). Copy number losses (65%) were more frequent than gains (35%). The most frequent copy number losses were seen at chromosomal regions 9p21.3 and 16q; these were observed in four (63%) and two (20%) series of xenografts passages, respectively.


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We were all saddened to hear about the recent demise of Chip Ridgway, one of the most stellar members of the Endocrine Society. We have lost a wonderful colleague. From the patients he treated and the young physicians and research assistants he mentored, to his groundbreaking thyroid research, Chip's impact on the field of endocrinology and medicine is immeasurable. He will be greatly missed. My personal view of Chip was developed through observations and interactions over several decades. Chip had many gifts and he used them all very well. He was considered the person to go to when a difficult question arose about thyroid disease. His judgment was well reasoned and based on a thorough understanding of the problem at hand. He effectively bridged the gap between the care of patients, the ability to ask and answer questions through basic and clinical investigation, and the art of conveying his knowledge to others in an unselfish way. Chip had vision, not only in his own area of thyroid physiology and clinical thyroidology but more generally. It was initially surprising to me that Chip singled out obesity as a key focus when president of the Endocrine Society in 2003-4. Later I came to understand that he realized how important obesity was as a national and global problem and that the Endocrine Society could spearhead efforts to address the problem. He may have been a bit ahead of his time, but that is the mark of a true leader. His perception in 2003 that obesity would be a growing problem turned out to be right on target. We need more Chip Ridgways to lead the way and serve as role models for all of us. First a physician, and then teacher, investigator, administrator, and close colleague to all of us, Chip will be fondly remembered as one of our best.
On behalf of the staff of the Endocrine Society, I extend our condolences and sympathies to the family of Chip Ridgway. He was a beloved past president who lead during a critical time in the Society's development. He was a strategic thinker, brilliant researcher, supportive mentor and kind coach. He was a prince of a man and the world will be a better place when we all emulate him as a role model. We all are thankful for knowing him.
I was so lucky to serve as VP for Clinicians in Practice during Chip's Presidency of the Endocrine Society from 2003-2004. He was a giant in the field yet one of the nicest people you could ever meet. His untimely death is a tremendous loss for all who knew him and especially for those who never will.
I had the great pleasure of serving on Endocrine Society Council when Chip was President. Chip was amazingly intelligent, perceptive, and always constructive in everything he did. But what I remember most is his sense of humor and sardonic smile - they say wit is a sign of great intelligence - very true in Chip's case! We will all miss him very, very much.
I am so saddened by the untimely and premature passing of Dr Ridgway, a great Endocrinologist, leader, researcher, and mentor. He made countless contributions to the field of Endocrine, to the U of Colorado, and to the former Fitzsimons AMC, the latter of where I did my Endocrine Fellowship, and greatly benefitted from my excellent mentors, of which he was one. He was a brilliant, kind, generous leader. The world will miss him.
I had the honor and the pleasure of working with Chip as ES President and in his many subsequent leadership roles with the Society. Always thoughtful, kind, with a sense of humor and a gentle demeanor. My heartfelt condolences to Chip's family, friends and close colleagues.He touched us all and we will miss him greatly.
It is with profound sadness that I learned of the passing of Chip (E. Chester) Ridgway today. I didn't really get to know Chip until he was President of our Society but was very impressed with his dedication to the Society, his organizational skills, and his brilliance as a teacher, researcher, leader, and role model in thyroid disease and endocrinology. He was a very kind person who took a keen interest in the well being of his colleagues, friends, and students both personally and professionally. He will be greatly missed by all who knew him. May his memory serve as a blessing.
Chip recruited me to The Endocrine Division at the Medical School in Denver in the summer of 1985 to determine the structure and function of the subunit genes of thyrotropin. For the next two decades we had a close relationship as our group grew and our contributions to the field advanced. I enjoyed those early years the most. Many times, at the end of a long work day, Chip would come by the lab, with his shirt tails hanging out (not something you would see during the day), to find out what new things we were working on or help strategize the next few steps to solve a rather complex problem. He would be quietly reflective, listen attentively to our ideas, and then carefully plot out potential solutions. That is until our janitor, Fluff (a real big motorcycle type of guy), would come around and attend to his daily tasks. All would stop as we discussed the Broncos, motorcycles, or other interesting topics before getting back to science once again with clean trash cans. I continued working with him even as I retired. We finalized our last book chapter together on TSH for the Jameson/DeGroot Endocrinology textbook just this past June. Chip did a superlative job and now a new group of students, fellows, and practitioners can rely on his sage words to learn about our field for years to come.
my deepest Condolences ...my thoughts with his Family many thanks for his contribution to our society.


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By Sabra Sherrow, Guest Contributor
Confessions of a hardworking stay-at-home mom and what that choice meant to her.
I remember reading "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway in a short-story class I took in college. It's an impressive little story. Some people don't like Hemingway because they find him boring. I can understand that, but I find some of his work to be deeply profound and this story is one of those cases. During a stop at a train station in the 1920's, a couple discusses their relationship and the decision of whether or not to have an abortion. The overarching theme of the story is the disconnect in their relationship. They're talking about the same thing, but not really, because their perspectives are so different. The woman talks at one point about the hills she sees in the distance and how they are like white elephants to her. Again, he doesn't quite get what she is saying. The part that struck me the most was that the man seemed to think that he did understand these situations from her perspective, and I was left pondering the futility of that. How do you get someone to see your side if they are already convinced they do—even when you are certain they could not.
I feel like I run into this problem often when attempting to relate what it's like to be a stay-at-home mom. Many women—and men—stay home to rear their children, but there are so many variations of this same circumstance. I often end up in the same discussion with a woman who works part-time outside the home. She has done a lovely job raising her children, and at the same time, has been able to continue to work here and there in a field that she thrives in. She worked hard to achieve that career and I respect that she is still able to do that while remaining the primary caregiver of her children. It's quite an accomplishment. My own situation was different. As a student, the idea of motherhood seemed very foreign to me. As an only child I couldn't even imagine what you would do if you were home all day with children, besides cook and clean. I worked hard at my degree, graduating 96% nationwide of all the graduates in my field the year I finished. I obtained my dream job, but quit after only a couple of years to stay home when I gave birth to our first child. This was 12 1/2 years ago.
Leaving my career was my choice. I wasn't forced into it. I knew when I married my husband that this was something we both wanted. Yes, I wanted this even though I truly had no idea what it would entail. After much prayer and contemplation, I became even more convinced that this was the only path for me. There, of course, were other choices, but there was no doubt in my mind which direction I would go.
Making that choice, however, was like cutting off an appendage. It was taking a huge part of my identity, my source of validation, my accomplishment, and turning away almost completely from it. Doing so, I knew I might never return to those things I had worked so hard to attain, at least for another 30 years or so. What a strange and alienating feeling to find myself in this new life that I had chosen. It had nothing to do with money. It had nothing to do with being spoiled or "able" to stay home (he made nearly nothing for the first several years I was home). It had nothing to do with feeling I was making a right choice while others were making a wrong one. It had nothing to do with feeling I was a "better" mother than the women who worked.
Yet every time I try to talk with my friend and convey the emotional difficulties of being home "full-time," she commiserates about how she understands exactly and lumps us into the same category. I leave these conversations confused, with the "Hills Like White Elephants" feeling. I was sharing my perspective, not hers. To me, the emotional impact of my choice was different than hers. I don't believe it would be possible for her to understand my experience unless she had done it herself. Not turning away from that rewarding, fulfilling, well-earned part of my life for maternity leave and then going back to pick up a shift now and then—but leaving forever and never going back. The finality in it is so surreal that I often still feel surprise that I made the choice as easily as I did. I know for a fact that her choice doesn't make mothering easier. She still works hard and deals with the same complications of being a parent that we all do—potty training, tantrums, getting a child to sleep through the night, dealing with the busy schedule of school-aged children. For me, however, when I encounter a rude or misinformed comment in the community about staying home, I find myself wondering if the impact is slightly different for me than for women who still possess a place in that realm of their lives. Surely the sting is slightly different. I wonder if that feeling of wanting to defend your identity doesn't bug you as much when your identity is more multifaceted, at least as far as the outside world is concerned.
For me, I would venture a guess that I will never know. I can say with confidence that, if given the choice over and over, I would continue to choose the same. In contemplating my own "Hills Like White Elephants" feeling of being misunderstood, I see the truth that we often don't fully understand exactly what it's like to be in someone else's shoes . . . even when we think we do. Myself included.


An insurance company is asking a settlement amount for a family member who is on their deathbed. If the settlement isn't paid they will be sued for the full amount. If they die what happens to that debt?
A: They may make a claim against the estate.


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Images does not show up.
We uploaded some files(tried jpg, png & zip) though the Media section and also the Add media section of Post/Page.
The files get uploaded well and we see them good when we FTP the server to the uploaded path(eg: /blog.dir/100/files/2010/03) ... after downloading them via FTP to our hard-disk also they are good(both image and zip open).
But, we are unable to see the images, the zip files get downloaded corrupted through our WPMU installation. I.e when we open the uploaded images/file through the "File URL" wordpress provides we get error ... This seems to be a new issue, it was working fine before.
What might have gone wrong ?
How have you activated zip support? That's not one of the default extensions. Also check your your host as they may not have zip support on that server.
Can you provide a link to where an uploaded image is not showing up?
And when you say you;re getting an error, what is the specific error you are receiving?
And a check of the webserver's error logs of course.
Have you made any changes or added any plugin since the last time you know for sure the files we're loading correctly?
In Options, under Upload File Types, we have "jpg jpeg png gif mp3 midi mid pdf zip"
We did try just making it "jpg" and uploaded a new file, but same thing happened.
Should we use comma delimited?
but if I FTP the file back locally, it loads fine, so I don't think it's corrupted.
Hmmm.... We have installed one or more plugins. Do you think that would be a strong possibility?
Do you think that would be a strong possibility?
Figured out the issue ... last week while updating the /wp-config.php, noticed that at the end of the file there is NO closing(?>:wink: php tag and so added it and by mistake added couple of extra lines below it ... i.e there was some extra blank space after the closing php "?>" tag in the /wp-config.php file, which was preventing the uploaded files from being viewed or downloaded through wordpress url...must be some header and server specific issue ?
Now, I have cleared all blank space after the closing php "?>" tag and everything seems to be back to normal. View >> http://toyotacars.topsiteblog.com/files/2010/03/my.jpg works now, similarly the zip files too get downloaded without getting corrupted.


Our friends over at Oldboy CTTS have recently announced pre-orders for their version of a Captain America werewolf headsculpt. To be honest, I've never read that particular story of how Cap turned into a werewolf but it did happen in issue Captain America #402 back in 1992 and it also had Capwolf tangling with Wolverine and Cable! It seems werewolves are very popular in the Marvel universe.
[Mr.Big Bad Wolf] PRE-ORDER NOW!!!
***Prices will be quoted in local currency (THB), Conversion rates based on Google to avoid confusion.


Replacement lamp (bulb) for striplights, like the L&E MR-16 Mini Strip. The EYC is a narrow spot MR-16 lamp with a 15 degree beam spread. If you are unsure what lamp you need for your lighting fixture, please call us.


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Treatment FOCUS: A Collection of 170 Chinese Export Watercolors
In April 2018, CCAHA's Senior Paper Conservator Heather Hendry and Mellon Paper Conservation Fellow Juliet Baines began treatment on two albums containing 170 Chinese export paintings (c. 1650-1750) from the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Drexel University. The paintings feature...
Treatment FOCUS: A 15th Century Book of Hours
The Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis , or book of hours, is a Christian prayer book first popular in the 13th century. These volumes compiled prayers and psalms, sometimes with individualized texts or illustrations that reflected the identity of the original owner. While every book was unique, each...
Treatment FOCUS: Reconstructing a Map's Border
Artist and craftsman Jacob Aub was born in Darmstadt, Germany, around 1821 and emigrated to the United States in 1846. He settled in Philadelphia where he struck up a close relationship with fellow engraver and lithographer Norman Friend, who would eventually become Aub's citizenship sponsor and...
Treatment FOCUS: Recovering the Work of I-Hsiung Ju
In fall 2017, CCAHA's Senior Conservation Assistant Jilliann Wilcox was part of a triage team that received a collection of badly damaged paintings by Chinese American artist I-Hsiung Ju. The artist's daughters, Helen and Doris, contacted CCAHA after the paintings were salvaged from a devastating...
Treatment FOCUS: Louis Renard's 'Poissons, Ecrevisses et Crabes...'
First published in Amsterdam around 1719, Louis Renard's Poissons, Ecrevisses et Crabes... is notable for being the earliest full color guide to fishes and other sea creatures. According to its title page, the book took nearly thirty years to complete, and when it was done it featured 100 plates...
Treatment FOCUS: Reconstructing Duchamp's Green Box
Above: after-treatment view of a copy of The Green Box; Below: before-treatment view of the same copy By 1934, when pioneering conceptual artist Marcel Duchamp assembled The Green Box , he was already well-known for his controversial and sardonic style that, while not formally aligned with any...
Treatment FOCUS: When Jack Met Andy
Earlier this year, the World Golf Hall of Fame & Museum in St. Augustine, Florida, contacted CCAHA with a project in preparation for the interactive exhibition "Tales from the Collection," which opened in summer 2018. The centerpiece of the exhibition is Jack Nicklaus , a silkscreen portrait of the...
Treatment FOCUS: A Violin-maker's Workbook
Several waves of German-speaking immigrants settled in Pennsylvania in the 19th century. This included the Martins, founders of C.F. Martin & Co., a world-renowned company that has made instruments in the Nazareth area of eastern Pennsylvania for almost 200 years. One of the members of the Martin...
Treatment FOCUS: Suffolk County Historical Society's "Pickle Book"
At CCAHA, we often find that the stories behind the objects we treat are as interesting as the objects themselves. Such was the case with a recent treatment from the Suffolk County Historical Society of Long Island, New York. The Historical Society had a scrapbook of documents that was referred to...


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Posted by: John Elliott | February 22, 2011
BP deal is both a victory and a test for Mukesh Ambani
Feel sorry for Anil Ambani, the debt-strapped head of the Reliance ADA group (ADAG). He has just seen his elder brother Mukesh sign up with BP for a natural gas exploration and marketing deal that will bring at least $7.2bn, and maybe as much as $20bn, into Mukesh Ambani's already financially-strong Reliance Industries' (RIL).
BP is to buy a 30% stake in RIL's extensive Indian off-shore natural gas fields. Subject to government approval, the deal will generate India's biggest inflow of foreign direct investment, comparable only with a yet-to-happen $12bn steelworks planned by Posco of Korea.
It will provide RIL with BP's much-needed skills in deep water oil and gas exploration, where RIL has had technical problems, and help the British company to emerge from the miseries of last year's Gulf of Mexico environmental disaster.
It will also give Mukesh Ambani (left) funds to reduce RIL's already small debt burden and to go for fresh investments – and it also gives him an opportunity to prove he is a steady joint venture partner.
But perhaps most significantly, it makes it clear that Mukesh is the winner in what has been a long-running feud between the brothers. Anil Ambani (below) must now realise that, fight and strive as he might, he has no chance of keeping up with his elder brother, who is the world's fourth richest man with wealth of approaching $30bn, let alone overtaking or beating him.
Anil Ambani's problems extend far beyond $4bn-plus debt that is centred on his Reliance Communications mobile phone business. Last week he made a highly publicised visit to India's Central Bureau of Investigation to be questioned about possible involvement in an ongoing multi-billion dollar telecom licence fraud case that has widespread political and corporate ramifications. His companies' share prices have been hammered on Indian stock exchanges.
He is also failing to push ahead effectively with various power and other infrastructure projects, despite $16bn credits signed up at end of last year from China and the US to support power equipment purchases and maintenance.
He is six months late opening Delhi's Airport Express railway that he holds as a franchise from the highly successful public sector Delhi Metro Railway Corporation. The Express is now scheduled to start services this Wednesday. It is the metro corporation's first serious late completion, and the six-month delay runs counter to the excellent record of completion-on-time that has been attached to the Reliance corporate name for decades.
Brothers split
The two brothers split the Reliance group in 2005, three years after the death of Dhirubhai Ambani, their father and the group's founder, who combined entrepreneurial brilliance with deft handling of government relationships. They had a long and bitter row that was led by Anil, who felt he was being elbowed out of his share of the combined business by his ruthless brother. The row continued after the split, mainly over gas from fields controlled by Mukesh Ambani, and was only settled last year.
Mukesh Ambani's most successful business areas are oil and gas exploration and refining, textiles, and petro chemicals. He has been less successful with retail stores, petroleum retailing, and special economic zones but is expanding into telecoms, financial services, the media and other areas.
Anil Ambani has had most success in financial services, where he has a $24bn mutual fund, India's largest, but has been facing tough competition with telecoms. Last year he had hoped to clear the telecom debt by floating mobile towers into another company, and selling 26% of the main business to the UAE's Etisalat. But these interdependent deals collapsed, partly because of high valuations.
That says much about the differences between the two brothers. Before the split, Anil Ambani, who has a short attention span and likes to fix problems quickly, was the group's financial deal-maker and was in charge of corporate communications.
His elder brother was the focussed project manager committed to producing quality and delivery on time. He only failed to do so when he entered new consumer-oriented areas, where he had little or no experience. He would never have allowed Delhi's airport railway to open late and must now be regarding the delay as one of several examples where Anil Ambani's actions have weakened the Reliance brand.
The markets will now wonder how RIL will use BP's billions of dollars. One rumour likely to be revived is that Mukesh Ambani will buy out his younger brother's telecoms business, which he founded before the split and gave up reluctantly.
Mukesh's first big partnership
The BP agreement is also significant because it is Mukesh Ambani's first major partnership. He has mostly shied away from joint ventures, preferring to buy-in managerial and technical expertise. He has also been avoided by some potential partners because he has an extremely tough reputation. Consequently, RIL has often not been seen as a wise choice for companies seeking co-operative joint ventures and investment partners in India.
The BP deal is his latest, and by far the most successful, of a series of attempts to establish international oil and gas links. RIL failed last year with a $2bn bid for a Canadian oil sands business and with a $14.5bn attempt to buy Lyondell Basell, a US petrochemicals company. But it did buy stakes in three US shale gas joint ventures
RIL also has some older oil and gas link-ups for individual fields with companies such as Hardy Oil, Niko, BG, and (since 2009) BP. A small financial investment by Chevron in an RIL company in 2006 failed to lead to a closer relationship and Chevron sold out.
In retail, companies like Marks and Spencer's have tie-ups for specialist stores, and there is also a new and surprising investment in India's Oberoi hotel group.
So while the BP deal shows that Mukesh Ambani has beaten his younger brother as a consistently successful businessman, it also opens him up to new international scrutiny by those who will be wondering how BP will fare in such a partnership.
Posted in Ambanis, Anil Ambani, India, India investment, Mukesh Ambani, Reliance Industries | Tags: Ambani brothers row, Anil Ambani, Anil Ambani $4bn debt, Anil Ambani CBI, BG, BP deal Mukesh Ambani, BP India, Chevron, Delhi Metro Railway Corporation, Delhi's Airport Express, Dhirubhai Ambani death, Hardy Oil, Niko, Reliance Communications, Reliance-ADAG, RIL deep water oil exploration
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Could you leave Ambani's? They are just a business man and nothing else.
Let them do or fix their deals. Who bothers? It bores us now.
Yes, I would like you to cover cricket worldcup. It will be fun to have a write-up from you .
Let us make life little more lively….
By: yk on February 26, 2011
Interesting analysis. I agree with Sharat that the structure of the BP deal is what is really worth watching. And since I have a longish memory and suspect that the leopard never changes its spots, I hope BP will be mindful of another proverb about needing to sup with the devil with a long spoon… You are spot on in drawing attention to the fact that there will now be a great deal more international scrutiny on the entire Mukesh Ambani group.
By: bulbul on February 22, 2011
I'd be interested to know what the terms of the BP deal are and hope someone eventually does clarify what the investment is, beyond the abstract, i.e whether BP is investing in RIL through purchase of shares, whether it is a new joint venture for exploration, or whether BP is taking a stake in existing fields.
It is my understanding that the Krishna Godavari gas find which I presume are the fields BP is investing in, is subject to pricing fixed by the government of India, rather than one which is purely market based, though I appreciate that price discovery will be based on some formula using market prices. I am surprised that an international energy major would subject itself to what can be arbitrary behaviour at times by the Indian government and probably pricing which will inevitably be below global market prices, given that investment amounts are typically very large for the energy industry.
Still I suppose BP have enough experience dealing with governments who act in an arbitrary manner, given their extensive pressure in Russia and the number of problems they have had dealing with the Kremlin.
Mukesh Ambani may indeed look like he is ahead of his sibling just now (actually he always has, even prior to their agreement to split the business) but I have to say the story had a long way to play out yet, and I would hesitate to say that any war has been won or count his younger brother out just yet.
By: Sharat on February 22, 2011


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Jupiter Zeus – On Earth by Lee Carter
April 19, 2014 Album Reviews
Distributor/label: Magnetic Eye Records
Buy Album: http://magneticeyerecords.bandcamp.com/album/on-earth
Band Website: http://www.jupiterzeus.com
Aidrian Vudrug – Drums,
Simon Staltari – Guitar & Vocals,
Jeremy Graham – Bass,
Michael Lawson – Guitar.
1. Waves
3. Cosmic
4. I Am
5. Psychotic Seeds
6. Talkback Caller
7. Divinity
8. The Sum Of
9. Co-Creators
10. Waiting In A Line
11. State Of Mind
Australians JUPITER ZEUS debuted their EP "The Green Mosquito" in 2011 and it marked a change in style from their previous incarnation of NEBULA (not the post FU MANCHU band of Eddie Glass). Originally a metal/thrash act whilst under their earlier guise, they shifted into a more psychedelic rock style that subtly insisted upon the listener; captivating them and ingraining their songs in the mind. "The Green Mosquito" was well received and the band has gone on record to say that their album "On Earth" is a continuation of that. Does it match what they achieved in 2011?
It does indeed. "On Earth" is leaden; heavy, weighty and powerful whilst soliciting a subtle hypnotism that is just so insistent upon the listener. The album rumbles along at a mid-tempo pace and the riffs are finely balanced between straight-forward rock and swirling psychedelia – you don't know whether to bang your head or to just sit back and enjoy the moment. Opener "Waves" carries the listener along in a gentle, yet melancholic manner befitting of being adrift at sea, whilst the "I am" refrain in the titular song drones and ploughs its way into the mind.
But it isn't all hypnotic psychedelic rock. Tracks like the upbeat "Cosmic Rays" and "The Sum Of" bring a near dance-like quality to the fold yet it's "Psychotic Seeds" that holds the biggest surprise. Thundering along with Simon Staltari's croon lulling you through, the song suddenly throws you for a loop with a blistering shred solo that emerges right from out of the blue. But blink and you'll miss it as the song lurches to it's choral refrain. It is most welcome and presents variety to the album; further enhancing it.
The performances on display are top notch and Staltari's aches with emotion amidst the esoteric feel of the music. It is not just heavy aurally but emotionally too and it makes it just that bit better. The performances are supplemented by the strong production; with everything well balanced and placed well in the stereo field. The bass plays a key role over the course of "On Earth", offering a rumbling anchor alongside the drums, whilst the guitars and vocals wind through those hazy riffs. The playing isn't flashy or technical and does what it needs to do in order to craft heavy and winding music.
For those who like their rock a little hazy/psychedelic or on the stoner side, this one is for you. JUPITER ZEUS have certainly picked up where they left off on their EP and they can be proud of their efforts here. Heavy, soft; brooding and upbeat; the album is awash with colour and ensures that there is something to be found for any rock fan.
Review by Lee Carter
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All images copyrighted to Waroeng Dimsum Kudus & @Hom Hotel Kudus by Horison, photos taken by Pixa Digital. Thanks to @Hom Hotel Kudus management for its cooperation & opportunity has been given. It was pleasure to working with you. Also I would like to thank all those who have been involved and giving attention and assistance during the photo shoot, gorgeous models, crew, waiters, staff, you have done great!! Awesome!!


In today's tech savvy world, services and offers are just a click away. People have become accustomed to the large array of content available to them in platters through the internet. A slight hitch or change in content in any of the usual shopping or blogging sites immediately results in a deep frown. Such is our dependency and familiarity with the cyberspace.
As browsing has become a more common hobby among the populace, creating familiar websites becomes a more daunting task than creating attractive ones. Even web designers are now strugglimng to design and develop website for those people who just want to start their personal blog. When users encounter a new design, they are armed with prior experiences alone and thus make snap decisions. So the decision to stay or leave is made on the basis of how familiar a website appears. Maintaining visual consistency, thus, has become a requisite in web designing.
Attractive and uniquely designed websites do not ensure a good flow of traffic. The moment people encounter unfamiliar symbols and designs, they are clouded with an unpleasant intuition of navigating through something dull and more complicated. Maintaining consistency on pages prevents users from having to learn or re-learn new functions. Consider patterns like the magnifying glass meaning "search," or a right-facing triangle meaning "play." These explain visually how to use the feature, without having to explain, or the user having to learn something new.
Flawless designs enables the users to access the website content easily. Good designs manipulates the users' visual flow and gives them a sense of calm and control, whether unconsciously or not. Achieving visual consistency can help you to priortise your website content so that the users can have an easy look at the most attractive content you would like to offer. A website that evokes emotion has better chances of users holding on to them for a longer time.
Maintaining consistency in content is as important as design consistency. The content should reflect and compliment the idea behind your website. It should be consistent in mood, tone, quality and quantity.
Visual consistency is a thankless feature of web designing. People would not acknowledge but would notice only when it is absent. But as research says it takes only about 50 milliseconds for users to judge your website. Visual interactions are therefore the strongest and the most lasting ones. So neat consistent designs helps establishing a visual spark with your users and also looks more credible and professional.
Do not make drastic changes in typography, icons, element placements, and established patterns giving the impression of disorganisation and laziness.
Maintain consistent vertical and horizontal spacing between elements in the layout.
Maintain consistent website headings throughout the site.
Consistently show navigation menus in the same place throughout the website.
Maintain text links of same color throughout.
Ensure that the website icons are of the same family.
Form elements (text inputs, select lists, submit buttons etc) must look the same throughout the website.
We are largely governed by our sense of sight and a majority of our perceptions are based on our visual experiences, more profoundly on a sub conscious level. Therefore, maintaining visual consistency throughout your website ensures reception of content by users in the manner you intend to convey. Providing a hassle free navigation will free up their focus on what is important and what's not.