text:
Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department
The site to read about the history of LAPD and the great city of Los Angeles
Tag Archives: History of the Los Angeles Police Department
Unsolved: Three Cold Case Murders of LAPD Officers
Posted on September 13, 2016 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
(This is an excerpt from a book I am currently researching and writing, entitled: Unsolved: Cold Case Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers.)
In the long and illustrious history of the Los Angeles Police Department, tragically, there have been over 200 officers who have given their lives in the line of duty. The majority of these have been the result of gunfire. In nearly every case, the killers have either been captured or slain. Three cases however, remain open; cold case files where the suspects were never apprehended. The thought of these murder's never having to pay for their crime, is an extremely hard reality to except—especially for those in the close knit LAPD family. By keeping these three men in our thoughts and speaking about their murders, there is always hope. Hope that someone might step forward, or a new clue uncovered that might lead to an arrest and bring peace to these three brother officers and their families.
The three brave men are Patrolman David Brooks who was killed in 1910, Officers Fred Early in 1972 and Michael Lee Edwards in 1974. In three comprehensive articles, I will look at each of their murders, identify the suspects and what the LAPD has done to find the killers. The search will never end. Lest we Forget should be the battle cry that never goes silent—never.
Patrolman David Brooks
End of Watch: Friday, April 8, 1910
Friday nights in Los Angeles have changed little in the past 106 years—it gets very busy for LAPD officers. So it was on that Friday evening, April 8, 1910 at 10:30 p.m., when two young gunmen, dressed in black clothes, black hats, and wearing black handkerchiefs covering their faces, entered Conrad Winter's saloon at 3725 Central Avenue. John Edwards, the bartender, was the only man in the bar when he looked up and saw the masked men, with guns drawn, approaching him. "Throw up your mitts," hollered the man who appeared to be the leader. Edwards, seemingly unfazed with two guns pointed at him replied, "Go to the dickens." When the leader growled he meant it, the bartender quickly threw up his hands. As the leader keep his gun on Edwards, his accomplice went around the counter to the till and removed $50 in silver but missed $200 in gold which was hidden in a drawer.
As a result of numerous robberies in the area, Patrolman David Brooks, 38, a seven-year veteran out of University Station, working plain clothes, was walking his footbeat north of Grand Avenue, approaching 30th Street. It was less than an hour since the robbery and a distance that the suspects could have easily covered. As the two gunmen walked by a witness who was somewhat out of site leaning against a telephone pole, he overheard one of them point out that a man was coming and said, "let's rob him." The witness noticed they were both wearing all black.
Unknown to the bandits, the man they randomly selected was Los Angeles Police Officer David Brooks. As the suspect's guns came out, Brooks was ordered to put his hands up. The street wise veteran complied, but only raised his left arm as his right went for his gun. With that motion, the officer's jacket pulled back, reveling his badge pinned to his chest. "He's an officer," one of them yelled. "That's nothing," said the other. "Hold him up anyway."
Patrolman Brooks began to pull his gun out. At the same time, both suspects opened fire at near point blank range. One round struck Brooks on his left side, just below the ribs, and exited on the right side, cutting through his intestines and liver, and severing an abdominal artery. The will to live and fight back was strong in Brooks. Although mortally wounded, Brooks fell against a telephone pole fired two shots at the fleeing bandits who returned fire. Loosing strength in his legs, Brooks fell to the ground but managed to empty his revolver at the suspects.
Quickly, there were 20 people surrounding the fallen officer. One was Dr. T.E. Taggert who had run to the corner after hearing the shots from his nearby residence. Dr. Taggert knew there was no time to wait for an ambulance, including LAPD's, which was horse drawn. The Dr flagged down a passing auto and directed the driver to Central Hospital. This was the infancy of gasoline powered cars, and they were quite bumpy and slow. Despite being only minutes from death, Patrolman Brooks managed to utter what he was thinking in those fleeting moments. "If I had only been a little quicker," he said between gasps, "I would have got those fellows."
When the driver of the car was unsure where the entrance to Central hospital was, he
Central station which also housed Central hospital where Patrolman Brooks was transported. Circa 1910.
stopped in front of Central police station. Captain Avery Bradish came running out and with help from others carried Brooks around the corner to the hospital entrance. As they carried the officer into the emergency room, a doctor asked what was going on. Captain Bradish said, "It is some private watchman, I guess. Shot somewhere by thugs." But then, as if coming back from the dead, Brooks lifted his head and said in clear voice, "Captain, I am a patrolman, I belong to University Station. Brooks is my name—David Brooks. I am one of your men." The captain quickly told the officer that indeed, he now recognized him, and taking his hand, calling him Davy, he tried to be positive and cheer up the stricken officer.
After just eight minutes on the operating table Brooks uttered his last words, "I ought to have got 'em, but I was a little nervous—I was a little shaky, you know, I—." His head fell back onto the table and Patrolman David Brooks was dead. LAPD detectives made several arrest, but after questioning, all of the men were released. The hunt for Brook's killers continued in earnest for months but eventually all leads failed to reveal the killers. Over the years, the suspects were never identified and the case remains unsolved.
David Brooks was born March 6, 1872 in Ohio, the eldest of five children whose father was a farmer. Moving to Los Angeles in 1896, Brooks was working as a streetcar conductor. In 1898, he married and had three sons—David Jr., born in 1899; Walter, born in 1901; and Frederic, born in 1903 at about the same time Brooks joined the LAPD, assigned to University Station.
A month after his death, LAPD hosted a concert and ball to raise money to benefit his widow and the three children. Nearly 3,000 people attended including the mayor and Chief of Police Alexander Galloway. The event raised $4,000 which in today's money would be $100,000.
Officer Brooks was buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery. His widow, Ottilie, died in 1948 in Los Angeles at the age of 71. She is buried next to her husband.
Any comments please email at jabultema@lapdhistory.com
Posted in General, Los Angeles Police Department | Tagged Guardians of Angels, history of LAPD, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LAPD history, Law Enforcement, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Police Department, Police history | 2 Replies
The Patrolman with Glass Arms
Posted on March 3, 2015 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
Since the founding of the Los Angeles Police Department in 1869, just four years after the Civil War, LAPD officers have performed feats of bravery on a daily basis, most of which go unnoticed. Whether it's a shootout with bank robbers, saving a family from a burning home, vehicle pursuits, or sustaining injury while protecting another officer, LAPD men and women without hesitation, take action by putting their lives on the line. They do so much more than Protect & Serve the citizens of Los Angeles.
In the fall of 1902, it was a time in Los Angeles when the horse and buggy were about to be replaced with the newfangled automobiles. For LAPD, it meant patrol officers worked a footbeat—alone. One such officer was a towering Irishman, with a baroque accent so heavy that it was difficult to understand. Patrolman Michael Holleran was born in Ireland and joined the LAPD in the mid-1880s. The Los Angeles Times relished giving a label to Holleran and officers like him:
Los Angeles has many policeman with rubber necks, some have wooden heads; a few have flannel mouths; several have silver tongues and others have leather lungs; a good many of them have marble hearts, and leaden feet go with the average copper. But there is only one man on the force who has glass arms.
It was in the middle of the night as Holleran skillfully spun his nightstick as he patrolled down Grand Avenue approaching 6th Street. It came without warning, the night sky became illuminated with flashing blue and green flames, leaping off the ground as if they were alive. A transmitting cable of the Edison Electric Company had just fallen across the trolley wires and draped onto 6th Street—all bursting with 50,000 watts of electricity.
Just at that moment, Patrolman Holleran noticed a milk wagon bearing down on the hot wires at a full gallop. As the horses were fast approaching the wires that were still spitting electrical flames, Holleran ran to the middle of the street, jumped in front of the team and grabbed the reins of the horses stopping them just feet from the downed wires. With the milkman looking on in wide eyed disbelief, Holleran coolly picked up the sizzling wires with his bare hands and deliberately dragged the heavy wires to side of the street. Then for good measure, tied them around a wood pole as if he was tying up a horse.
With that emergency taken care of, Holleran went to a call box and requested a crew be sent out to repair the mess. When a grisly veteran linemen arrived with his crew, he was stunned to learn the patrolman handled the "death dealing wire" without rubber gloves or mits. He joked with the undaunted officer that the only way he was still breathing is that he must have a set of glass arms as that would be the only reason the electricity did not reach his vital organs. Holleran just smiled and was back on his footbeat making sure all stayed safe on his beat.
Posted in General | Tagged buggy, Guardians of Angels, history of LAPD, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, Los Angeles, milkman, patrolman, Police history, police officer | 4 Replies
Lest We Forget: The Forgotten On-Duty Death of an LAPD Officer
Posted on January 6, 2015 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
At one time there stood a monument in front of the old Parker Center dedicated to all Los Angeles Police Officers who have made the ultimate sacrifice. It is a timeless granite tribute to the men and women who have given their lives in the line of duty. In May of 2014, the LAPD, working with city officials, erected street signs to honor the memories of each officer killed in the line of duty. Currently, 206 personalized signs denote the areas where each officer was killed. Unfortunately, one was missed.
In doing research for my new book, The Protectors: A Photographic History of Police Departments in the United States, I came across the annual report from the LAPD to the mayor, dated from 1917. Inside, toward the back of the thick book, was a section labeled: "Killed on Duty." Under the headline were five names, one of which was that of Officer C. H. Crow. It reads:
Officer Charles "Pat" Crow
"June 17, 1916, Patrolman Crow, detailed to duty in the Detective Bureau, in the investigation of a felony case, followed the suspects into a desert portion of Imperial County. Without water, and in the intense heat he suffered a sunstroke, but followed his man and arrested him. The following day he died."
This information led me to one of the newspapers of the day, were I found one small article. The headline read: "Officer Follows Duties to Grave." Just a week earlier, there had been a felony theft of $1,000 (which today would be about $21,000) worth of clothing from the store of Mr. Morris Cohen. Led by information provided by Mr. Cohen, Patrolman Crow and his partner, R. L. Shy, were told that there were two suspects who had fled to San Diego. Without delay, the two officers departed. Arriving in San Diego, the patrolmen, who were on loan to detectives, and Mr. Cohen were told that the two suspects were in Calexico, a very remote city located at the Mexican border in the Imperial Valley Desert, 90 miles east of San Diego.
With temperatures well over 100 degrees and, according to the newspaper, reaching 135 degrees, the trio set off for Calexico. One must realize that in 1916 the roads were predominantly dirt, with no civilization or amenities along the route. By the time they reached Calexico, Mr. Cohen was near collapse and was immediately sent back home. Patrolman Crow was also extremely ill from the sun but insisted to his partner that they should not give up. They continued their pursuit without water or provisions.
After receiving information that the suspects had fled to Mexicali, Mexico, but "were hovering" between the two cities, the officers staked out the border area. With temperatures again soaring, the two officers, ill-prepared for the extremes of the desert, suffered stifling heat but would not give up. Their patience paid off when the two suspects were seen crossing the border back into the United States and were promptly taken into custody.
Less than an hour after the arrest, and with the suspects safely put away, Patrolman Crow collapsed. His partner quickly drove him to the hospital in Calexico. When word reached the LAPD, Assistant Chief Home telegraphed that "no expense should be spared in fighting for the officer's life." But, according to the physicians, there was little hope of his surviving even a few hours. Officer Crow died a short time later from exposure to the elements.
The funeral service took place at Christ's Episcopal Church and was attended by hundreds of friends. All the men who knew Patrolman Crow were granted time off to attend. As the police band played "the requiem," attention was drawn to the back section of the church, where a disheveled man could be heard sobbing. It was later discovered that inebriated man was Danny O'Lalley, who adored "Pat" Crow (as he was known).
Until five years before, O'Lalley was a drunkard. Danny would work three days and then spend all his earnings at a bar. Then one night he had a run-in with Patrolman Crow, who was working a foot beat in the area. Crow took the inebriated man aside and explained how he could change his life around. Danny never forgot that "sermon," and that night promptly turned over $47 he had in his pockets for safe keeping, but mostly so he would not squander it in bars.
The following night when again Patrolman Crow spotted O'Lalley, he was surprised to see him sober. Feeling encouraged, Crow returned the money to Danny, who proclaimed Crow was his best friend. From that point on, whenever Danny had the urge to spend his money at the bars, he would track down Crow and turn over most of his money for safekeeping. He told Pat that he wanted his friend to think he was a "proper" man. O'Lalley became a changed person.
Years later when he heard of the death of his dearest friend, Danny O'Lalley was at the church. Talking to no one in particular, Danny proclaimed, "Pat would let me get drunk when I felt so bad, so I took what I wanted." As he quietly cried in the back of the church, he muttered, "I don't think Pat would care if I got a little overdone today. He knew me and kept me straight for five years."
That is the type of man Patrolman Charles "Pat" Crow was. He lived his life helping those in need and, when chasing down two wanted felons, knowing he was in deep trouble from the heat, pushed through and arrested the thieves. Perhaps Pat can better rest knowing the LAPD family never forgets a brother or sister officer killed in the line of duty. Rest in peace, Officer Crow. You are missed but not forgotten.
Postscript: At the time of this writing, the Department is doing its due-diligence to determine if Patrolman Crow's name should be listed to the Officers Killed in the Line of Duty records. I for one believe without a doubt he should be. Why he was not listed in his time, no one knows. If you have any feelings on this subject, please let me know and I will pass it along to the Department: policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com.
Posted in General | Tagged Chief of police, detective, Guardians of Angels, Historical Photograph, history of LAPD, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, Officer Crow, Officers Killed in the Line of Duty, Police history, police protective league, ultimate sacrifice | 1 Reply
Guardians of Angels: 2014 in review
Posted on December 31, 2014 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
The WordPress.com stats experts prepared a 2014 annual report for Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department.
A New York City subway train holds 1,200 people. This blog was viewed about 3,800 times in 2014. If it were a NYC subway train, it would take about 3 trips to carry that many people. Thank you all for showing an interest in the history of the Los Angeles Police Department.
Posted in General | Tagged Chief of police, Guardians of Angels, Historical Photograph, history of LAPD, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LA history, Law Enforcement, Police history | Leave a reply
Band of Brothers: LAPD Officers' Shootout against Four Bank Robbers in 1920s Los Angeles
Posted on August 5, 2014 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
Aug. 22, 1925: Oscar Bayer (sitting on right) next to Bertrand M. Steventon. Standing left to right are Claude R. Weaver, Charles Meyers and Jack A. Stambler. All photographs courtesy of the Los Angeles Times.
As a photographic historian, I am naturally drawn to old photographs. I marvel how a moment in time is frozen for eternity allowing later generations a peek back into a split second of history. When I first saw the portrait taken by a newspaper photographer of five Los Angeles police officers posing in a hospital, I was captivated and had to know: Why this picture?
My first observations were the differing facial expressions and how the officers are affectionately touching one another, like they are all part of the same family—brothers. It suggests what any LAPD cop comes to experience—that you are all brothers and sisters—which translates that you will do whatever humanely possible to ensure the safety for your partner as you all share that same bond of danger that penetrates each day you pin on your badge and take to the streets. So I wonder, why this photo, this moment in time? I would come to learn that the story begins and ends with the man sitting on the right, a sling tied around his shoulder, his uniform in disarray, as he gazes into the lens of the camera—Motorcycle Officer Oscar Bayer.
Motorcycle Officer Oscar Bayer
A veteran of the Great World War, Bayer understood combat, having been wounded by an exploding bomb. He was a man who thrived by pushing the envelope. At the age of 23, Bayer joined the LAPD and two years later was in motors. The likable Bayer made headlines several times, including after a shooting with a burglary suspect he was attempting to take into custody. But it was the summer of 1925 that a young Bayer nearly lost his life while in pursuit of bank robbers in which one suspect and an LAPD police officer were killed. Four others were wounded after several hundred bullets were fired. The LA Times called it the "city's most spectacular gun battle" ever.It was 10 a.m. on Saturday, August 22, 1925, when four hardcore criminals led by an ex-con bank hold-up man from Chicago, robbed the Hellman Bank in downtown Los Angeles at Ninth and Santa Fe Avenue. The suspects, all heavily armed with shotguns, revolvers and semi-automatic pistols entered the bank and ordered everyone to the floor before jumping on the counters and riffling through all the tellers' drawers, taking more than $19,000.
While the robbery was occurring, a few blocks away, Motorcycle Officer Bayer was at Eighth and Santa Fe Avenue when his attention was suddenly drawn to a racing vehicle being chased by another car. As the two autos roared by, Bayer heard the driver from the second car scream, "Hold-up—stop them." In the next few moments, Officer Oscar Bayer would display heroism seldom repeated in the annals of LAPD history.Gunning his motorcycle, Bayer was immediately in pursuit. At this time there were no radios, no help on the way—only phone calls from panicked citizens as the pursuit dangerously tore through downtown. As Bayer pursued the suspects, two of the robbers smashed out the rear window of their stolen car and immediately opened fire on Bayer, who heard the bullets as they whizzed by his head. Unfazed, he sped-up after the gangsters—"I was mad clean through.…I wanted those birds." The suspects were struggling to lose the LAPD motor officer while making several sharp turns. They turned north on Alameda to Seventh Street heading west to Central. At the intersection of
Traffic Officer Wylie E. Smith. Killed in the shootout.
Alameda and Seventh, Traffic Officer Wylie E. Smith was just taking over traffic duties from Officer George P. Moore when they heard the gunfire and saw Bayer in pursuit. The bank robbers had to slow down due to traffic and, as consequence, Smith and Moore opened fire at the occupants of the vehicle. Seeing this, the suspects directed their fire on the two exposed traffic officers. Officer Moore had his hat shot off just as Officer Smith was shot in the chest. Smith would die from his wound the next day.
Traffic Officer Jack A. Stambler
As the suspect's vehicle continued, other LAPD traffic officers became involved. Traffic Officer Jack A. Stambler observing the trouble Bayer was in, quickly commandeered a small auto and ordered the disbelieving driver to follow the pursuit. Standing on the running board, Stambler joined in the gun battle firing at the fleeing suspects. But Stambler soon came to realize, the car he seized was no match for the fast touring car of the bank robbers. So he ordered the civilian driver to stop and springing from the auto, Stambler spotted a faster car and once again took a position on the running board of the frightened driver who was ordered to join the pursuit.
Traffic Officer Bertrand M. Steventon
Traffic Officer Bertrand M. Steventon noticing Officer Stambler commandeer another car took over the small vehicle and once again the driver was ordered to pursue the bandits. As the three officers thundered through the streets, bullets were flying. People on the streets were diving for cover, store windows were being shot out, other cars were being struck, but the determined LAPD officers would not give up.The unwavering Bayer, leading the chase, would not be deterred. As he pursed the suspects down Seventh Street, a bullet struck him in his right breast nearly knocking him from his motor. Fortunately, much of the impact was stopped by his traffic citation book. Dazed, Bayer shook his head to keep conscious. In quick succession Bayer was again struck by a fuselage of bullets, one going through his sleeve and another round hit just below his hip. He would later comment just how much the wounds "stung." Bayer did not dwell on his injuries, he just became more enraged. With his gun empty, Bayer did the unbelievable. While still receiving fire he somehow managed to reload his revolver while speeding after the criminals. Squealing to a halt at Seventh and San Pedro due to traffic, two of the bank robbers jumped from the touring car, while two others ran from the scene. Traffic Officer Claude R. Weaver hearing
Traffic Officer Claude R. Weaver
the deafening gun fire at his intersection, opened fire on the suspects. Meanwhile, Motor Officer Bayer observed that each suspect was armed with guns in each hand as they were determined to rid themselves of this troublesome motor cop. With bullets flying, Bayer took careful aim and killed the leader of the gang. With only one bullet left in his gun, Bayer took cover behind another vehicle and fired at the second suspect striking him in the arm. Bayer's gun was empty but the suspect was preparing to fire again.Taking a calculated risk, Bayer pointed his empty revolver at the wounded suspect and yelled, "If you don't surrender, I will kill you." The ruthless suspect looking into the determined face of a man who refused to quit, his uniform covered in blood, gave up and surrendered.A block away Officer Steventon was in foot pursuit of one of the two suspects who had fled the scene as their getaway car was stuck in traffic. As Steventon ran after him, the fleeing suspect turned and fired several rounds at Steventon, who returned fire until he ran out of ammo. The suspect managed to get away after he carjacked a vehicle at gunpoint. Sometime later both suspects were apprehended in different parts of the country.
Motor Officer Bayer would quickly recover from his wounds and eventually was promoted to Detective-Lieutenant. Officer's Oscar Bayer and Wylie Smith were awarded the Medal of Valor for their involvement in the Hillman Bank robbery incident. Sadly, in his eighth year on the department, Oscar Bayer was killed off-duty, piloting a civilian aircraft, as he was preparing himself to become part of the rumored LAPD aero-bureau. He left behind a wife and four young children.
So it was from a single photograph, taken just after the shooting, that this story was discovered chronicling the type of individuals who wore the badge of a Los Angeles Police Officer during the 1920s. Today, their brother and sister officers are faced with new challenges and yes, some of the old ones. But one can take comfort knowing the sacrifices that were suffered in Bayer's era help shape the officers of today and make LAPD a leader in law enforcement across the Nation. As this chronicle attests, the men and women of LAPD are all brothers and sisters—insuperable in protecting one another and the citizens of Los Angeles.
Posted in General | Tagged criminals, Guardians of Angels, Historical Photograph, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LAPD history, Los Angeles Police Department, motorcycle officer, motors, Oscar Bayer, Police, Shootout | 6 Replies
INSIDE AN ADAM-12-ERA PATROL CAR
Posted on July 1, 2014 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
Editor's note: The following article is printed with permission from Michael Sellars, editor of The Rotator, The Newsletter for LAPD Reserve Officers, Volume 11, Winter 2012. The photographs are from this author.
1973 AMC Matador as seen on Adam-12
Jack Webb was a stickler for detail and authenticity in his television series Dragnet and Adam-12. For Adam-12 (which ran from 1968 to 1975), the inside of the Rampart station was duplicated exactly on the Universal sound stages, right down to the doorknobs. Mark Galoustian, a specialist with the Corps, is equally meticulous when it comes to the refurbished Adam-12-era car he owns and carefully maintains.
He describes the inside of a "shop" during those days:
"The 'Hot-Sheet' (the latest off of the teletype at the start of the shift) would slide
behind the Plexiglas and was illuminated by two small bulbs from behind at night. Your partner would scan the sheet for stolen or wanted license plate numbers. The shotgun was locked in front of the front seat and an additional shotgun rack was in the trunk. There were handheld spotlights and a four-channel Motorola radio (Ch. 1—dispatch, Ch 2-4—'tac' frequencies). You could not hear other officers talking to dispatch; you could
not talk to other officers in the field without switching to a tac frequency; and you could not hear dispatch when switched to tac. At the time, there were no 'rovers' either. Officers would hang the mic out the window during stops in order to hear the radio. The batons were slid into radiator hoses on both front doors that MTD installed. The supervisor cars had a second or third radio installed to monitor other channels at one time. It wasn't until the early 1970s that the standard patrol cars had 'cheater' radio installed. The cheater would allow officers to still hear dispatch while talking to other units on the tac ( a second speaker was mounted on the rear deck above the rear seat).
"The two 'can lights' on the roof were used by LAPD from the early 1950s until 1978. The early lights were made by S&M Lamp Co. (Model 757) and were red/red. California did not adapt the rear amber light requirement until 1964. That year, S&M Lamp Co. went out of business, so Trio-Sales Co. made the lights for LAPD as Model T-2 lights with flashing ambers to the rear and steady red to the front. To be 'LAPD correct,' the ambers flashed separately: They didn't want a shop to go out of service for a burned-out flasher, so each light had its own flasher. On Adam-12, the lights alternated the flash. These can lights eventually had to be replaced due to side warning issues. Also, the Olympic Games were coming to Los Angeles, and the international visitors typically recognized blue as emergency vehicle lighting. Most of the old can lights were scraped, making them hard to find and thus priced at a premium." The "Hot-Sheet" desks were also scrapped, and Marks says he knows of only four or five that are still in existence.
"This era car had no A/C, no power windows, a bench seat (bad news if the driver was shorter than the passenger), bias ply tires (no metal reinforcement) and no power steering."
Posted in General | Tagged Adam-12, Guardians of Angels, history of LAPD, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LAPD history, Law Enforcement, Old television shows, Police history, Police Technology, Police vehicles | 1 Reply
What's In a Picture: The Entire Los Angeles Police Department 1904
Posted on June 9, 2014 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
This particular photograph of the entire Los Angeles Police Department, taken circa 1904, has continually been mistakenly marked as being snapped in 1890. To photo historians, this 14-year error is important to correct. The image was taken at the entry to the newly constructed Los Angeles County Courthouse at Broadway and Temple Street. The building was completed 1891.
The entire Los Angeles Police Department in 1904
If one was to accept the date of 1890, then I would argue, where is Chief John Glass (1889-1899), who was never absent from any LAPD group photograph during his tenure. No one in the photograph has the stars of the chief of police displayed on their uniform. They all wear the series two badge that was worn from 1890 to 1909.
Those present for this official portrait of the LAPD lends itself to identifying the year of the image. Standing at attention, with his trademark long, drooping mustache, is Walter Auble (front row on left), who was chief of police from 1905 to 1906—a year after this photo was taken. The chief of police in 1904 was William Hammell. Why he would not be present for this significant image is not known, but he is nowhere to be found.
The two ladies present give substance to the date of 1904. The diminutive Lucy Gray and her daughter Aletha Gilbert (1902-1929) are given the prominent position of being framed by Auble and the Detective Bureau. Matron Gray died in March of 1904, eliminating the date of 1905 when Auble was chief.
Chief Walter Auble would serve one year as chief and would later be gunned down by a burglary suspect. Lucy Gray died of pneumonia shortly after this photo was taken. Aletha Gilbert became LA's first "City Mother" and served the LAPD until her retirement in 1929. The iconic Los Angeles County Courthouse was torn down in 1932.
Posted in General | Tagged Aletha Gilbert, Guardians of Angels, Historical Photograph, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LA history, LAPD history, Los Angeles Police Department, Lucy Gray, Matron | 1 Reply
Local Williams author chronicles the stories behind the Los Angeles Police Department in new book
Jim Bultema displays his new book "Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department." Bultema spent eight years researching and writing the book. Ryan Williams/WGCN
WILLIAMS, Ariz. – After eight years of research, local historian and former police officer James Bultema has published his first book about the history of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD).
Bultema, a Parks resident, published "Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department" this month.
The book provides a chronological history of the department, starting in 1850 when Los Angeles became a city. Bultema explains how the department evolved from a volunteer organization to a professional organization in about 1871. He also highlights key people like the first African American and women officers in the department and several major investigations the department dealt with, including the assassination of Robert Kennedy, the Rodney King incident and the OJ Simpson case. "But the philosophy I used is not what happened in 1865, da da da, but we take somebody from that era and let them tell their story," Bultema said.
The idea for the book came while Bultema was serving on the LAPD and doing a history project in 1984. As part of that project he spoke with Arthur Hohmann, who was the LAPD chief from 1939-1941. "I had an opportunity to spend two days with him interviewing him, and that just really got me excited about the history of the department," Bultema said.
That experience inspired Bultema to write a script and produce a documentary film about the history of the LAPD. After six years of research, the six-hour documentary "Badge of Honor: An Insider's History of the Los Angeles Police Department" came out in 2002.
"About two years ago I was just thinking to myself, maybe I should take that script and write a book because I did all that research," Butlema said.
So he completed two years of additional research, during which he started writing the book. Bultema interviewed more than 50 people as part of his research, including about 10-12 police chiefs and several officers who worked in the department from as far back as the 1920s. The book contains many italicized sections, which are quotes from those interviews. "I used a lot of first person documentation because they lived it and experienced it so let them tell the story," Bultema said.
The book also contains information from old newspapers and numerous old photos. Bultema considers himself a photographic historian. "So the whole book, whenever I put a photograph in, it really complements the narrative that's going on at the time," Bultema said.
The most interesting thing Bultema learned while writing his book was how corrupt the LAPD was in its early days. "I don't duck any of those issues. It's all there," Bultema said. "And it just shows our history and what we built from, from being one of the most corrupt to what I consider to be one of the most professional law enforcement organizations in the U.S."
Bultema's interest in law enforcement was sparked when he was growing up in Michigan, where his uncle was a police officer and sheriff. Bultema said "just hearing (my uncle's) stories and being around him" had a strong influence on him.
During the Vietnam War, Bultema served as a police officer in the Air Force. As soon as he got out of the Air Force, Bultema started the police academy. He worked for the LAPD for 26 years.
Having been an officer himself helped Bultema when writing the book for readers unfamiliar with the police department. "They've got to understand some of the mentality that goes on that police officers have, how they approach things and what their mental attitude might be," he said.
However, Butlema said being a historian was even more helpful in writing the book. Bultema has a history degree from California State University at Northridge. "I really haven't touched on that I was a police officer that wrote (the book) because I don't want people to think it's a complimentary, a puff piece if you will, on the department and that I didn't show any of the black eyes," he said. Bultema's time serving on the Board of Directors for the LAPD Historical Society and editing the organization's quarterly magazine, The Link, also helped him in writing the book.
Bultema hopes his book will give people an idea of what it's like to be a police officer in a major city. However, he said the book is about more than law enforcement. "I just think it puts the person in the different eras of the history of Los Angeles and gives them insight into the things that were happening," he said. "Because really, this book is a history of LAPD, but it's also a history of Los Angeles, because you can't have one without the other. They complement each other."
More information about the book is available at http://www.lapdhistory.com.
Article from the Williams News, Williams, AZ. (12-24-2013). http://williamsnews.com/main.asp?SectionID=1&SubSectionID=1&ArticleID=13922
Posted in General | Tagged Guardians of Angels, history of LAPD, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LAPD, LAPD history, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Police Department | Leave a reply
National Radio Interview
Posted on October 28, 2013 by policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
http://billmartinezlive.com/
LAPD Historian James Bultema on Bill Martinez Live – Tuesday, Oct. 29th at 9:47 AM ET
Duration: appoximately 9:47 AM ET to 10:10 AM ET (appoximately 25 minutes)
Topic: Guardians of Angels-A History of the LA Police Dept. from a police insider on the LAPD including:
Frontier Justice – LA Style – when Los Angeles justice dispensed with niceties
How a Chief of Police was gunned down by one of his cops over reward money
The "Man from Mars" bombing that almost leveled Central Station
The Dirty 30´s-gangsters & corruption
Christopher Dorner Rampage
The Simpson-Goldman Murders
Bultema on Mark Fuhrman, the OJ Trial and its effect on the LAPD
Rodney King Beating & Riots-20 years later and what needs to be told
Posted in Feedback | Tagged Angels, California, Chief of police, history of LAPD, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LA history, LAPD, LAPD history, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Police Department, Mark Fuhrman, United States | Leave a reply
What's In a Picture: Historical Research Using Vintage Photographs
I love old photographs. I relish the stories that emanate from every pixel. It's a moment in time that can never be duplicated. It allows the viewer to travel back to that instant and share with the people pictured whatever was occurring at that particular second in time. Fortunately for historians, LAPD was very photogenic. Taken by the press or a local photographer and, later, the department's own photographers, thousands of images record the history of the Los Angeles Police Department from the Wild West era through to today's digital age.
Photographs contain a treasure-trove of information just waiting to be discovered and used effectively in historical research. I believe these images are underused as a primary historical research tool—yet it's a resource I enjoyed taking full advantage of through a variety of techniques. In compiling Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department, I used historical images to help illustrate the story of the department. As I wrote, I would always strive to locate the precise photograph to support the text. Once discovered, the real work began.
Most photographs from the earlier era of the department have no identifying inscriptions, such as handwritten captions identifying the occasion and the people in the shot. But with a little research, the details captured in the photograph can lead to very precise dating. LAPD has worn six badges since its formation in 1869. Since the time span for each badge is readily available, date ranges can be narrowed down simply by examining the particular badge being worn as well as by the type of uniform. Once I have that information I can look up who was chief of police during that span and narrow it down further by examining the image to see which chief might be pictured. Most made sure to be included in the photograph. By using today's digital enlargement, fine details barely discernible in the original image can now be brought to life. It might be a close-up of weapons used, the uniform or an individual. Finally, if the image in question is vintage (not a copy), the researcher can date the photograph by the format and type of photograph taken further closing in on the year of the image.
Case in point. In researching for Guardians of Angels, I discovered a very old, unassuming vintage photograph showing two men in suits (above). The image was a carte-de-visite (also known as a CDV), which was a common style of photography from the 1860s to the early 1870s. This fact allowed narrowing down the date of the image. Further research of an old newspaper article accompanying the photo identified one of the individuals pictured as William "Billy" Sands.
William Sands, on the right, wearing the earliest known uniform of the Los Angeles Police Department, circa 1870.
In one of the oldest police annual reports of the LAPD, in October 1883, 16 officers were listed as employed, one of whom was: "William Sands, age 57, entered service February, 1870." Subsequent investigation led to a glimpse into the life of Billy Sands, who posed for this photograph more than 140 years ago. Sands was born in Tennessee in 1826 and grew up in Arkansas. With the discovery of gold in California, the 23-year-old headed west. Briefly involved with the Civil War in 1861, Sands eventually settled in Los Angeles and became one of the earliest known city firemen.
Eight years later in 1869, LAPD hired its first six full-time paid officers. A few months later, Sands was hired as a replacement officer for one of the original six officers. Because LAPD did not adopt an official police uniform until several years later, the photograph of Sands standing with an unidentified individual (almost certainly another officer) is vital to the history of the department. It appears that the clothes worn by these two men are the earliest known example of what the LAPD uniforms resembled, before the official formal uniform was adopted in 1876.
The fact that both men are very similarly dressed, including their hats, jackets and pants, has to be more than a coincidence. Additionally, while most histories of the LAPD credit Chief William Warren with development of the sunburst-designed badge in 1869, I would argue that the first badge was not issued until 1877, under Chief of Police Jacob Gerkens. If these officers took the time to have their photograph taken in uniform, they most definitely would have displayed a metal badge on their lapels.
Officer Billy Sands remained on active duty until his death on November 9, 1885, at the age of 59. At this time, he was the most senior officer in the young department. The photograph, hidden from sight and deliberation for years, represent the founding officers' uniform of the 1870 LAPD.
Over the next few months, I want to share just "What's in a Picture" and several of the photographs I discovered in writing Guardians of Angels. Each one makes for interesting viewing, reading and historical research. Please comment on my blog and share if you have any special interest you would like to see in this column.
Posted in Feedback | Tagged American Frontier, Billy Sands, California, CDV, Chief of police, historical photographs, History of the Los Angeles Police Department, LA history, LAPD, LAPD history, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Police Department, vintage photos, Wild West | 1 Reply
Follow Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department on WordPress.com
Follow Blog via Email policehistoryjamesbultema@gmail.com
Dickie Floyd's debut novel, A Good Bunch of Men, is available in paperback about a LA homicide cop. Great read!
Police History Books by James Bultema
Retired Captain III Arthur W. "Art" Sjoquist #11677 EOW
New LAPD Book
What's In a Photo: Tiger Woman
John "Two Gun" Powers Shooting
Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department Anniversary Edition, 1869-2019
A Kid's Appreciation of a Street Cop
lapd14332 Ken Seiber… on Retired Captain III Arthur W.…
keith ricks on Retired Captain III Arthur W.…
Roger A. Waggoner on Retired Captain III Arthur W.…
Roger A. Waggoner on New LAPD Book
policehistoryjamesbu… on New LAPD Book
lapd13662 on New LAPD Book
Carl Frank on New LAPD Book


text:
Jiri Lev (born 1979, , ) is a Czech-Australian architect and urbanist, active in the field of sustainable residential, sacred and public architecture, disaster recovery and humanitarian development.

Lev's works are known for their highly varied, regionally specific and contextual architectural style, and frequent use of natural, raw and locally sourced construction materials, such as timber, stone, hempcrete, canite or clay and lime products (Gulgong Holtermann Museum, Courtyard House, Tasmanian House). He teaches on sustainable and resilient architecture in lectures, workshops and writing.

Early life
Lev was born in the Czech Republic, then part of Czechoslovakia, to architect, academic and politician Jiri Loew, and Lydie Loewova, an architect. He was educated at a grammar school in Brno, Moravia. As a child he was inspired by growing up in an environment filled with his parents' architectural drawings, models, natural science collections, books and plants, just before the proliferation of internet and social media.

He first established his multidisciplinary design practice in Prague in 1998. In 2005 he moved to Sydney, Australia.

Lev studied architecture at the University of Newcastle under Richard Leplastrier and Kerry and Lindsay Clare. During studies he founded ArchiCamp, a grassroots architecture festival focused on invited architectural intervention in disadvantaged or disaster stricken rural communities.

Career
Lev first opened his practice Atelier Jiri Lev in 2014. His first commission was Gulgong Holtermann Museum, a volunteer-driven community project involving adaptive reuse of two historic buildings featured on Australian banknotes, as well as several new multi-purpose pavilions.

In response to the 2019-20 Australian bushfires Lev established Architects Assist, an initiative of Australian architecture firms providing pro bono assistance to the victims, as "a platform for equitable access to sustainable and resilient architecture." In 2020 the initiative had 600 participating architecture firms.

In 2020 Lev's practice revealed plans for two model ecovillage developments in Tasmania, addressing the concurrent housing and environmental crises, inspired by the cohousing and ecovillage movements and traditional European settlements. A network of small, compact urban forms was proposed, surrounded by shared agricultural land and managed wilderness. A prototype residence was completed in 2021.

After the 2021 South Moravia tornado in Czechia, Lev founded Architekti Pro Bono, an initiative of Czech architects assisting the victims.

Practice
Lev advocates for localised, regionally specific architectural style. In his work he references and interprets vernacular architecture. He claims that globalised design trends are highly destructive to the identity and spirit of places where they are introduced. He often refers to the principles of new urbanism.

Lev's works often utilise natural, raw and locally sourced construction materials and avoid or minimise the use of chemical treatments, plastics and synthetic paints. His buildings have been called "almost edible" and his approach described as "design for an economy of means, a generosity of ends."

Lev's practice has delivered a large number of pro bono and community projects, often as part of organised workshops and student engagement. Occasionally the firm releases plans for sustainable dwellings as open source into the public domain.

The firm is known not to publicise their own work or enter awards.

See also
 Sustainable architecture
 Vernacular architecture
 Contextual architecture
 New urbanism
 Australian architects

References

External links
 ArchDaily
 Divisare

Living people
1979 births
Architects from Sydney
Czech emigrants to Australia
Brno University of Technology alumni
Czech architects
Australian ecclesiastical architects

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Deleted after 1 minute at 1:50 PM on 06 Mar.
Deleted after 9 minutes at 1:56 PM on 06 Mar. Original tweet by @RepAnnaEshoo.
Deleted after 18 minutes at 1:56 PM on 06 Mar.
Deleted after 51 minutes at 4:56 PM on 05 Mar. Original tweet by @awzurcher.
Sorry Haters?!? If by "haters," you mean Americans who accept honesty, transparency, and leadership from our president then, no, we don't accept your apology @realDonaldTrump.
Deleted after 5 minutes at 1:31 PM on 05 Mar.
Deleted after 22 seconds at 10:44 PM on 04 Mar.
Deleted after 3 seconds at 8:05 PM on 04 Mar. Original tweet by @MeetThePress.
Deleted after 20 minutes at 2:22 PM on 04 Mar.
Deleted after 3 weeks at 12:47 AM on 28 Mar. Original tweet by @waltshaub.
Deleted after 2 minutes at 4:46 PM on 02 Mar. Original tweet by @anaceballos_.


French beauty Marine Vacth attended the Louis Vuitton's S/S 2016 show in Paris wearing a sleek black coat, metallic green sweater, cropped pants, and patent boots. This woman can do no wrong! She's always looks incredibly chic and effortless.


text:
Apple Watch Series 5 Has 1GB RAM, Same CPU and Battery as Series 4
by Gary Ng – Wed, September 18, 2019
Apple is set to launch Apple Watch Series 5 on September 20, the newest generation of its smartwatch.
Earlier today, press reviews were published by outlets picked by Apple, with reviews gushing over the new always-on Retina display.
This year's Apple Watch Series 5 remains an evolution of the wearable, as there are not a lot of major differences compared to Apple Watch Series 4.
According to developer Steve Troughton-Smith, Apple's Xcode software for developers has revealed some more information about Apple Watch Series 5, such as having 1GB of RAM, while also using the same CPU/GPU as last year's Series 4.
You would think Apple would throw in a processor bump, but this year's Series 5 retains last year's CPU. Aside from a new built-in compass, the always-on Retina display, 32GB of storage, titanium and ceramic cases, no other major changes are new this year under the hood. The S5 chip advertised on Apple's website for Series 5 is the exact same as the S4 chip found in the Series 4.
This Series 5 update appears to be targeting users with a Series 2 or older? The Series 3 saw a price drop and now starts at $259 in Canada.
Apple launched the ECG app in Canada earlier this summer for Series 4 owners, with the feature also available on Series 5. There is absolutely no need to upgrade your Apple Watch every single year, unless you have money to burn.
Apple Watch Series 5 starts at $529 in Canada on Apple.ca.
Free-to-Play 'Call of Duty: Mobile' Hits the App Store on October 1
Wed, September 18, 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Umbraco log DependencyHandler error My Umbraco log is filling up quickly with messages like the following one:
At /xx/DependencyHandler.axd/f88c46d6fcf7ee6b39a67236364e7300/158/js (Referred by: http://www.mysite.com/xx/)

It happens to all the paths, and also happens in js and css.
I cannot reproduce it in my local, but I have this error around 10 times per minute in the actual server.
Any idea about how to solve it?
Thanks in advance!

A: I believe you need to setup an HTTP handler, to deal with these requests: https://github.com/Shandem/ClientDependency/wiki/Configuration

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Eagle Crest Resort is a destination resort complex in the U.S. state of Oregon. The resort has a large hotel, a conference center, three golf courses, and three major housing developments each with multiple subdivisions.  The resort is located west of Redmond in Central Oregon.  The development covers  on the east slopes of Cline Buttes running eastward to the Deschutes River plus a separate area on the northwest side of the butte.

The resort and the area around it is classified as the Eagle Crest census-designated place (CDP) and had a residential population of 1,696 at the 2010 census.

Geography

Eagle Crest is located  west of Redmond on west side of the Deschutes River. The Eagle Crest property includes the lower slope of Cline Butte on the eastern side, extending approximately one and a half miles to the Deschutes River, and one and a half miles north to south with Oregon Highway 126 as the northern boundary. The resort's main entrance is just off the Cline Falls Highway, approximately one mile south of Highway 126. In addition to the resort's main area east of Cline Butte, there is a large, separate parcel of Eagle Crest property northwest of the butte. This area has an entrance road connecting it directly to Highway 126. In total, Eagle Crest covers .

The Eagle Crest CDP covers the area of the resort and surrounding land for a total area of , all of it land.

The portion of Eagle Crest east of Cline Butte is located on the Matson Plateau. This area is generally flat with gentle swales sloping gradually down hill to the east until it reaches the edge of the Deschutes River canyon. Most of the area, around Cline Butte, including all of Eagle Crest, is western juniper woodland. In addition to juniper, there are also some native stands of lodgepole pine in the area. The area's ground cover is dominated by bitterbrush, sagebrush, gray rabbitbrush, and other high desert plants. The plateau ends at the cliff edge just above the Deschutes River. The river flows through a deep canyon with  high basalt cliffs on both sides. Eagle Crest owns approximately one and a half miles of Deschutes River frontage on the west bank.

Demographics

Resort

The Eagle Crest is one of eight destination resorts as defined by Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development. Built in 1989, the Inn at Eagle Crest is located next to one of the resort's three golf courses. There are 100 rooms in the main hotel and 80 condominium units that are part of the resort's lodging facility.  Many of its guest rooms have decks or patios facing the golf course. Smith Rock, located  north of Redmond, is northeast of the resort and can be seen from many of the rooms. A large number of the condominiums overlook the Deschutes River canyon.  The resort also operates a large conference center, three 18-hole golf courses, spa facilities, two sports and fitness centers, three outdoor pools, an indoor pool, and numerous other amenities. The resort has  of paved paths for biking, jogging, and walks. There are also hiking trails running  along the west bank of the Deschutes River as well as a  loop around Cline Butte.

The Eagle Crest conference center is located adjacent to the Inn at Eagle Crest. It is a  facility with two separate conference areas. The larger area, Juniper Hall, can accommodate 600 people for lectures or 425 banquet guests. The other conference area is the Golden Eagle Ballroom, which accommodates 511 people in a theatre configuration or 360 when arranged for banquets. Both the hall and the ballroom can be divided into smaller meeting rooms. This allows the center to handle as many as six smaller conferences, meeting, lectures, receptions, or luncheons at one time.

Jeld-Wen, a wood product company that entered the resort business in the 1980s, sold the resort portion of Eagle Crest to Northview Hotel Group in 2010.  Northview's purchase was financed Oaktree Capital Management.  Over the next few years, Northview invested approximately $3 million in facility upgrades.  In early 2018, Northview sold the resort to a Florida company, KDG Capital.  After the sale, management responsibility for the resort was transferred to Aimbridge Hospitality, a hotel and hospitality management firm headquartered in Texas.  As of 2018, the resort property included a 100-room hotel, a convention center, three golf courses, two club houses, and three health and fitness centers.

Golf courses

The resort's three golf courses are well known and popular. The Resort Course, adjacent to the Inn, is the resort's original golf course. It is an 18-hole, 6,673 yards, par-72 course designed by Gene Mason. The course runs along the rim of the Deschutes River canyon and throughout the original Eagle Crest housing development. The most spectacular holes follow the cliffs overlooking the river,  below. The Ridge Course was designed by John Thronson.It is an 18-hole, 6,927 yard, par-72 course that threads its way through native juniper trees with the Cascade Mountains in the background. The Oregon Open golf tournament has been held at the Ridge Course. The Challenge Course is an 18-hole par-63; however, it only covers 4,160 yards so it can be played in about three hours. It offers four tee boxes at each hole so the course is popular with beginners as well as experienced golfers. All three courses are open from mid-March through the first week in November. The Ridge course is kept open year around, weather permitting.

Housing developments

Eagle Crest housing was developed in three phases. The original resort development was begun in 1985. It included individual home sites in a gated community along with condominiums and townhouse units in Riverview Vista Estates and Fairway Vista Estates. These areas are all on the east side of the Cline Falls Highway, between the Inn and the Deschutes River. Most are located along the fairways of the Resort golf course or overlooking the Deschutes River canyon. These three areas together are known as the Resort development.

In 1996, Eagle Crest began selling lots west of the Cline Falls Highway in the area of the Ridge golf course, which was completed in 1993. This second phase of development is known as The Ridge. This area continued to grow as the Challenge golf course was built in 1999. Eagle Crest continued to sell housing lots in the ridge area for over a decade, construction of new homes was still going on in 2020 and there are over 1,750 occupied units in The Ridge.

There are five distinct subdivisions in the second phase Eagle Crest development known as The Ridge: Forest Greens (108 units), Eagle Springs (21 units), Forest Ridge (48 units), Eagle Creek (148 units), and The Falls, a community with 203 homesites specifically for retired adults, 55 or older. The Falls has its own community center and private fitness center.

The third and final phase of Eagle Crest housing includes six distinct areas located northwest of Cline Butte. This area is separated from the Ridge area by approximately one mile of Bureau of Land Management property. However, there is a paved easement road that connects the two areas. The largest subdivision in this area is known as the West Ridge. The West Ridge development covers the lower slope of Cline Butte and has approximately 425 lots for standalone homes. The Creekside subdivision has 216 townhouses located near the West Ridge sports center. The Highland Park area has 41 smaller lots. There are 113 lots in the Desert Sky subdivision. Houses in the Desert Sky area are all built in the western ranch style. Vista Rim was the last subdivision developed at Eagle Crest. The 51 lots in that area began selling in 2008. There is also a small gated area with eight  properties called Scenic Ridge. These high-end properties are located on the western edge of the Eagle Crest with views of all the Cascade Mountains from Mount Bachelor to Mount Hood.

In the 2010 United States Census, Eagle Crest was designated as a new Census Designated Place. As a result, Eagle Crest now has an official population count. As of 2010, the year-round population of Eagle Crest is 1,696 residents.

StarFest

Each winter Eagle Crest Resort hosts StarFest', a night-time light display that begins on Thanksgiving and runs through New Year's Day. The lights are illuminated every evening from 5:30 p.m. until 9:30 p.m. along a  drive through the resort. Admission to StarFest is free.

During StarFest, the Inn at Eagle Crest offers visitors coffee, hot cocoa, and cookies along with a fireside story time with Mrs. Claus. On weekends, a horse-drawn wagon provides rides for a modest fee. Reservations for StarFest wagon rides can be arranged through the Inn's concierge. While StarFest is always popular with resort guests, a drive-through visit to see the light display with a stop off at the Inn has become a holiday tradition with many families in Central Oregon.

References

Buildings and structures in Deschutes County, Oregon
Census-designated places in Oregon
Census-designated places in Deschutes County, Oregon
Planned communities in the United States
Tourism in Oregon
Hotels in Oregon
Golf clubs and courses in Oregon
Resorts in Oregon
Tourist attractions in Deschutes County, Oregon
1985 establishments in Oregon


Published: Nov 01, 2018 at 1:28 p.m.
It has been years since the province decided to centralize waste management and may yet be years before that decision finally impacts the Northern Peninsula. Nevertheless, concern is growing about shipping local garbage to Norris Arm North, one of two regional waste disposable facilities (host sites) on the island portion of the province.
That cost, per household, could be quadruple, or greater, than the current $115 St. Anthony residents pay, said Gerry Gros, chair of the Northern Peninsula Regional Services Board (NorPen), citing discussions with a consultant hired by the province.
Last month, western Newfoundland — the area from Port aux Basques to Bellburns, including Corner Brook — became the latest region affected by centralization.
At the end of September, Central Newfoundland Waste Management — the entity responsible for the Norris Arm North facility — and Western Regional Waste Management reached an interim agreement to divert garbage from the western region to Norris Arm North. The cost to residents has yet to be finalized.
Municipal Affairs Minister Andrew Parsons confirmed for The Northern Pen that change is also coming to the Northern Peninsula and there will be a price to pay.
The Newfoundland and Labrador government published the Solid Waste Management Strategy in 2002 with the stated goals of, by 2025, diverting solid waste by 50 per cent, reducing the number of waste disposal sites by 80 per cent, eliminating open burning and incineration and phasing out unlined landfills. An implementation plan was introduced in 2007 and the government committed to full funding at that time.
Still, nobody knows when it might happen here.
In the meantime, NorPen is proposing alternatives. The board recommended to the province's consultant that the Northern Peninsula be given its own host site or look at high heat incineration.
Neither of those options have been evaluated for feasibility, however, Gros said.
Norpen has also written to Parsons.
"We're waiting for word from the minister, we've addressed our concerns with him and we've asked him to attend one of our board meetings," Gros said.
Also in the meantime, NorPen is working on initiatives to reduce the amount of waste generated in the region ahead of possible centralization.
These include a pilot community composting project in Hawke's Bay. Gros said diverting organics from the waste stream could reduce the amount of garbage by up to 30 per cent.
Other waste reduction strategies available to residents of the region, but not being fully taken advantage of, include recycling pop cans, juice containers, liquor bottles and beer bottles and eliminating single-use plastic bags.
"I think, with the help of the province, we need to do a hell of a lot of public education of why it's good to divert all the organics out of the waste stream, why it's good to recycle your pop cans and your juice containers and your liquor bottles and all that," Gros said.
Ultimately, anything that reduces the amount of waste will reduce the cost to residents when change does come, according to St. Barbe-L'Anse aux Meadows MHA Christopher Mitchelmore.


Lightbooking- Rosamar 405 is a property situated in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria near Parque de Santa Catalina. The accommodation features free WiFi. The apartment is fitted with 1 bedroom and a fully fitted kitchen with an oven. A flat-screen TV is available. The apartment offers a sun terrace. Both a bicycle rental service and a car rental service are available at Lightbooking- Rosamar 405. Centro Comercial El Muelle is 1.9 km from the accommodation. The nearest airport is Gran Canaria Airport, 27 km from Lightbooking- Rosamar 405.
A damage deposit of EUR 100 is required on arrival. This will be collected by credit card. You should be reimbursed within 7 days of check-out. Your deposit will be refunded in full via credit card, subject to an inspection of the property.


text:
import CableCarDispatcher from './cableCarDispatcher'
import CableCarRoute, { CableCarRouteOptions } from './cableCarRoute'
import CableCar, { CableCarOptions } from './cableCar'
import createMiddleware from './middleware'
import { Middleware, Store } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

export type CableCarRouteApi = {
    createMiddleware: () => Middleware
    connect: (
        store: Store,
        channel: string,
        options: CableCarOptions
    ) => CableCarApi
    allCars: () => CableCarApi[]
    reset: () => void
}

export type CableCarApi = {
    destroy: () => void
    pause: () => void
    resume: () => void
    perform: (method: string, action: any) => void
    send: (action: any) => void
}

const dispatcher = new CableCarDispatcher()
if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
    window.addEventListener('beforeunload', () => {
        dispatcher.unsubscribeAll()
    })
}
export function createCableCarRoute(
    routeOptions: CableCarRouteOptions = {}
): CableCarRouteApi {
    const route = new CableCarRoute(routeOptions)
    const consumer = dispatcher.consumerFor(route)

    return {
        createMiddleware: () => createMiddleware(route),
        connect: (
            store: Store,
            channel: string,
            options?: CableCarOptions
        ): CableCarApi => {
            const car = new CableCar(
                consumer,
                store,
                channel,
                options || {},
                () => {
                    route.removeCar(car)
                }
            )
            route.addCar(car)
            // public CableCar exposed functions
            return publicCableCar(car)
        },
        allCars: () => route.cars.map(publicCableCar),
        reset: () => {
            route.cars = []
        },
    }
}

function publicCableCar(car: CableCar): CableCarApi {
    return {
        destroy: () => car.destroy(),
        pause: () => car.pause(),
        resume: () => car.resume(),
        perform: (method: string, action: any) => car.perform(method, action),
        send: (action: any) => car.send(action),
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Life Care Planning, also known as Advance Care Planning, is an elder-centered approach to practicing law. It the process of setting up a legal road-map to help families identify, organize, prioritize and respond to challenges caused by disabilities or chronic illness of a loved one. The core goal of Life Care Planning is to maintain the safety, well-being, good health and quality of life for elders and their families. And it also provides families with guidance and options for long term, quality health care.
By starting early in the Life Care Planning process, you'll be ahead of the curve when an emergency or life change occurs. It is much easier to have a plan in place and choices predetermined during a time of crisis than to rely on last minute crisis management. Planning early allows for you to not only focus on estate planning, asset preservation, and public benefits (Medicaid) qualification, but it also allows for us to educate you and your family. By planning early we can establish how you would like your care coordinated, health care decisions made, crisis intervention established, and support set-up. We use the Elder Care Continuum as a model to help families understand the basic Life Care Planning process.
Do you know your current & future needs?
As a firm we make it our first goal to identify present and future long-term care needs and to locate the financial resources you will need to help pay for these services. We also provide you with a support team to help you make important medical and financial decisions. Overall, Life Care Planning helps families respond to challenges presented by the chronic illness or disability of an elderly loved one.
As you begin thinking about your Life Care Planning decisions, we encourage you to talk to your family and friends and let them know that you are going to start a Life Care Plan and you can include them in your decision process, if you like. And if you have an elderly or special need loved one, whose care you are concerned about, also feel free to contact us so that we can help you and your family member put a Life Care Plan in place.
If you are ready to discuss Life Care Planning Services or have additional questions, please feel free to contact us today!


Maybe you're a sales rep looking to attract more leads.no problem! Just click on the Business to Business folder and you'll instantly have access to a powerful lead generating letter that pulls in qualified prospects like paperclips to a super-charged magnet.
Recurring payments or continuous payment authoritities are unlike direct debits. This Money Saving Expert guide will help you reclaim recurring payments.
No Claims Discount : 1. What is NCD? NCD, short for No Claim Discount, is a discount given to the policyholders upon renewal of their motor insurance if no claim is made or arises from the policy for a continuous coverage of 12 months.
PAYMENT FOR PHYSICIANS' SERVICES. Sec. 1848.[42 U.S.C. 1395w–4] Payment Based on Fee Schedule.—In general.— Effective for all physicians' services (as defined in subsection (j)(3)) furnished under this part during a year (beginning with 1992) for which payment is otherwise made on the basis of a reasonable charge or on the basis of a.
The only telomerase enzyme supplements previously available are digested though the stomach. Through our initial research we quickly realized that this was.
Once the rights, obligations, and duties of the insured and the insurer have been stated, and the initial investigation is complete, the insurer is obligated to conduct a prompt analysis of the policy wording and the law to determine whether coverage exists for the damage claimed.


We all have our favourite character from the iconic BBC kids show Grange Hill. Ours was the unfortunate, although very cuddly, Roland Browning.
Poor Roland though - or 'Ro-land' as he was known - was bullied about his weight, but didn't help himself by constantly eating! He later surprised everyone by bagging himself a French girlfriend, Fabienne. You go Ro-land!
And for no good reason except we love it here is the 'Just Say No' song by the show's 1986 cast ... with Roland on backing vocals. Probably for the best! Enjoy.


text:
Q: set array based on an array of indexes I want to set a boolean value in a nested object structure, based on a list of indexes
The data I want to update looks like this:
let categories = [{
    "name": "Cat 1",
    "subs": [{
        "name": "Sub Cat 1.1",
        "subs": [],
        "checked": false
      },
      {
        "name": "Sub Cat 1.2",
        "subs": [],
        "checked": false
      }
    ],
    "checked": false
  },
  {
    "name": "Cat 2",
    "subs": [],
    "checked": false
  }
];

The indexes are stored in an array:
let categoryIndexs = [0,1]

So based on categoryIndexs I want to change the checked property of the object with name "Sub Cat 1.2" to true.
It is like transforming the array [0,1] to find categories[0].subs[1] and update its checked property.
So far I managed to get the value and edit it separately, but how to change the categories variable directly?
  let categoryIndexs = [0,1]

  let tmp_array = categories;

  for(var i = 0; i < categoryIndexs.length;i++){
      if(i == 0){
        tmp_array = tmp_array[categoryIndexs[i]]
      } else {
        tmp_array = tmp_array.subs[categoryIndexs[i]]
      }
  }

  tmp_array.checked = true
  console.log(tmp_array)

The solution needs to be dynamic, so that if "Sub Cat 1.2" would have a nested entry in its own subs array, I can access it using categoryIndexs like [0,1,0]

A: You can iterate the given indexes in a loop and at the same time go deeper in your data structure, like in this function:

function setChecked(categories, categoryIndexes) {
    let obj = null;
    for (let index of categoryIndexes) {
        obj = categories[index];
        categories = obj.subs;
    }
    obj.checked = true;
}

let categories = [{"name": "Cat 1","subs": [{"name": "Sub Cat 1.1","subs": [],"checked": false},{"name": "Sub Cat 1.2","subs": [],"checked": false}],"checked": false},{"name": "Cat 2","subs": [],"checked": false}];
setChecked(categories, [0,1]);
console.log(categories);

A: You could use reduce to get the last subs up until the last subs and update the checked property

let categories = [{"name": "Cat 1","subs": [{"name": "Sub Cat 1.1","subs": [],"checked": false},{"name": "Sub Cat 1.2","subs": [],"checked": false}],"checked": false},{"name": "Cat 2","subs": [],"checked": false}];
let categoryIndexs = [0, 1];

function update(categories, indices) {
  const last = indices.pop(); // remove the last
  const redued = indices.reduce((acc, i) => acc[i].subs, categories);
  redued[last].checked = true;
  return categories
}

console.log(update(categories, categoryIndexs))

A: You could reduce the array by looking to the index of the iteration and take either subs or the item.

const
    getValue = (subs, indices) => indices.reduce(
        ({ subs }, i) => subs[i],
        { subs }
    );

let categories = [{ name: "Cat 1", subs: [{ name: "Sub Cat 1.1", subs: [], checked: false }, { name: "Sub Cat 1.2", subs: [], checked: false }], checked: false }, { name: "Cat 2", subs: [], checked: false }],
    indices = [0, 1];

console.log(getValue(categories, indices, 'subs'));


This little gem of a recipe has been a bit of a tradition in our house for as long as I can remember. Every Christmas time my mum and I would make a few batches together, thus, making them today can make me seriously nostalgic!
They are a child friendly, quick recipe, that everyone will enjoy as a special treat!
Chocolate of your choice (good quality is better) - I usually use one medium size bar per batch on average but it will depend on how much of the biscuit you dip in!
Cream together your butter and icing sugar until soft, adding two drops of vanilla essence - stir together.
Mix in the flour one tablespoon at a time until it is forming a nice soft dough. If it is too sticky just add more flour to the mixture.
Turn dough out on to a clean surface sprinkled in a little flour to stop it sticking. Using a rolling pin, roll the dough out until it is under a cm thick. Divide it in to individual biscuits.
Place on a baking sheet on a tray and oven on 180 (350f) for 10-15 minutes, or until a light golden brown.
When the biscuits are completely cool break the chocolate in to small squares and melt.
Once the chocolate is melted dip each end of the biscuits in and pop in the fridge to set.
Keep them stored in the fridge.
1. Take some standard wooden pegs and cut some strips of scrap material to cover the longest side.
2. Glue in place using a craft glue that is suitable for wood. When dry cut to fit using a sharp craft knife.
3/4. Repeat process - use some bright, funky fabrics!
5. Once all the fabric is totally dry and cut to size, paint the shorter end using acrylic paint.
6. Finally, use a clear varnish over the paint to seal it in place and prevent chipping. I used a clear, matt varnish (about £6.00 for a small tin).


I want to thank all of you for all the sweet and kind comments on my previous post on the lady who passed alone while my daughter attended to her as her hospice nurse. I did not write it to brag on my girl so I hope you did not think that but more because I was so deeply moved by how it affected me that evening and the impact her job has had on me in the last couple of months.
I can see it has changed my daughter. She seems so much more mature by what she has been experiencing. I think it has softened her some too. These are things I think are positive. She loves the job and for now has no plans to leave despite long hours and high stress at times. Her father and I and her sisters support her as much as we can. Allow her to destress and emote even though it often affects me deeply but that is okay. It has given me more than ever an appreciation for life. I feel more content. I don't know if this is the reason but I know it plays a part somehow.
My daughter told me yesterday that the lady's husband and son had preceded her in death. I suppose there was no one else. I come from such a tight family and large extended family that I guess I could not get my head around on how there was no one else for her. In some ways my dear girl has seen more than I have. She says mom there just are so many scenarios. I admit I am a complete softie, cry more than most probably. Just a sensitive kind of gal. I learned a long time ago not to apologize for that. It is how I was made.
It appears I am rambling but mostly I wanted to let you all know I have read each and every comment and have been touched by your stories. When we complain of a great many things in our country one thing it has done right is Hospice care. The experience I had with my parents was nothing short of wonderful and I let them know that at the time. Thank you again.
You say that you did not write your previous post to 'brag on your girl.' I say 'brag away', there is no shame in being proud of the things that your children do. It takes a very special soul to care for people at the end of their lives. The compassion and care combined with the strength to handle that which they see every day is rare. So brag, be proud, you helped her become that special person that she is today.
At least she had a family, that's good to know. It's so sad that they preceded her in death. I can't imagine being left all alone like that :( My heart breaks for older people who are the last ones left in their family.
Your daughter "just being there" will surely be a comfort to many as they pass over. It takes a special person to be able to give of themselves like that.
There was a wonderful Hallmark movie on the Hallmark channel Sunday that centered on hospice care.It showed what a beautiful calling this line of work is for the chosen few. I highly recommend it. A Conway Christmas is the title.I'm sure it will be on again, and they sell the DVD at Hallmark stores. Blessings to your daughter and all who are called by God to minister in this line of work, they are truly angels.
This comment is from one softie to another; brag on your girl, she is a light to the people she encounters. How good your family is close knit and support her and each other; our family is like that too.
I agree. Hospice care is something so important and makes such a difference in people's lives as they leave this world.
I'm glad to see you say that you were made that way. I'm a mushpot too and it took me most of my life to realize that it doesn't mean that you are weak because you show your emotions. It means you're brave enough to bare your soul. You have much to be proud of in your daughter. I pray that one of the private duty folks we have staying with my mom will be there for her. I don't think my brother could bear the loss.
Thank you so much for sharing your wonderful story.
No bragging at all. But you certainly would have that right!! Your daughter is doing a job that a lot of people would not be able to do. Who knows how long she will bbe able to do this as it must take it's toll at times. But she is there now and doing a wonderful job at it.
I am also a sensitive person. I can get my feeling hurt so fast. I know that people think that I am too sensitive, but I learned long ago not to beat myself up over it. Sometimes I wish I could find a happy medium. But I certainly would not like to be hard like some people I know.
Thank God that there are people like your daughter. You did play a part in how she is now! Be proud of yourself!
In a million years I did not think of it as bragging...just sharing something that was close to your heart.
I think your daughter is doing wonderful work and you are a great mother. I too have a large extended family but unfortunately they are not close as much as I have wished and prayed they were. She was lucky to have had your daughter there. If only we could teach everyone in the word to reach out.


text:
SnapThirty
Anime, Manga, Video Games and Pop Culture
SnapSeries
Coming Video Game Attractions
Humble Opinions
Humble Anime Opinions
Humble Manga Opinions
Humble Movie Opinions
Humble TV Show Opinions
Humble Video Game Opinions
Anime In Retrospect
Laconically Speaking
Laconically Speaking Anime
Lost in Mistranslation
Season's Writings
Anime Season's Writings
Journey to the West (Of Japan) Travelogue
Waxing Inquisitive
SnapShop
Articles Video Games
Tales of Future Past – Zestiria Collector's Edition and Symphonia Re-Release Announced
by Kane Bugeja
Tales of Extras
If you've played an RPG at any point during the past 20 years, chances are you've at least heard about Tales Of. Which tale in particular isn't really that crucial to my point, but the more the merrier or so they say…I think that's how that phrase works. Anyway, I digress.
As is the case with video games, those who get in early get more stuff. So it might not be completely unexpected that Tales of Zestiria is coming to players with a few pre-order bonuses. Less than surprisingly dubbed The Collector's Edition, this package will provide the more monetarily gifted fanbase with some fun little extras. What might come as a surprise however, is that these extras are mostly of the physical variety. So prep your shelves four four chibi figures, a hardback artbook, a cloth artwork, a disc featuring the 30 minute anime and another disc featuring some music (I believe it's known as a "CD"). The Bandai release image also denotes some extra extras for those who reside in the VIP corner, namely a story DLC featuring Alisha and some Mystic Art DLC as well (although this is bound to pre-ordering the game, not the Collector's Edition per se). Similarly, non-Collector pre-orders will include some bonus skins for both weapons and characters, so enjoy that.
But wait, there's more! Not for Zestiria specifically, but for Tales Of in general. In celebration of the 20th anniversary, Tales of Symphonia is being brought to Steam with a nifty HD graphic boost. Surprisingly however, Japan is apparently exempt form this worldwide re-release, set to hit digital space in early 2016.
In regards to the proceedings of 2015, Herve Hoerdt (Vice President of Marketing & Digital at Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe) stated:
"As we announced during our Level-Up event, 2015 is full of surprise for TALES OF fans. Bringing TALES OF ZESTIRIA to PlayStation®4 and PC was our first step towards the celebration of the 20th Anniversary, bringing an all-time favourite to PC was the second step! We are working to do more for Tales Of lovers, as they are among the most passionate and loyal gamers around the world!"
So Tales Of fans of the world unite. Prep yourselves for a new instalment in the franchise, then dial it back for a while, then turn it back up for a new-old instalment in the franchise. Oh, for those in Europe, Middle-East, Africa and Australasian territiories, Zestiria launches on October 16th (20th for Steam). That's probably some important info for you to know. So…yeah.
Tales of Extras 2
TagsTales Of • Tales of Symphonia • tales of zestiria
About Kane Bugeja
Spinner of tales, weaver of words and renowned hyperbolist
0 comments on "Tales of Future Past – Zestiria Collector's Edition and Symphonia Re-Release Announced"


In the designer heating element production segment, Tubes Radiatori is the evolution of an entrepreneurial concern that boasts over thirty . The finned tube radiator is available also in stainless steel. These radiators can be mounted on the wall – Retro Revolution WO, Retro Revolution HT or Retro .
They are suitable for use with hot water . Special Features: Duplex Vertical Oval Tube Radiator. Find all the manufacturers of tube radiators and contact them directly on ArchiExpo. FOR UNIQUE DESIGNS – TRP FINNED TUBE RADIATORS.
Finned tube radiators are suitable for heating different kinds of buildings and interiors. Considering the ease of the manufacturing process, tube radiators are the . Sterling Hydronics manufactures high quality finned tube baseboar cabinet unit heaters, convectors, steam and hot water heaters, radiant ceiling heating and . Fin Tube Radiators, Wholesale Various High Quality Fin Tube Radiators Products from Global Fin Tube Radiators Suppliers and Fin Tube Radiators Factory . Some models stand on the floor, while others hang on wall . Zhang School of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, . The apollo rimini straight tube on tube radiator has slim, sleek 16mm tubes and can be mounted either vertically or horizontally. As the coolant passes through the radiator tubes on its way to the opposite tank, it transfers much of its heat to the tubes which, in turn, transfer . Small, heavy cooling tubes and corrosion buildup from acid-core solder are inevitable when using four-row copper radiators.
Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for. These tube radiators designed by Ludovica a. Apollo Rimini Radiator flaunts the best of both styling and heating. This designer White Wave Tube-on-Tube Vertical Radiator creates an exclusively stylish focal . Vulcan Radiator manufactures high quality finned tube baseboar cabinet unit heaters, convectors, steam and hot water heaters, radiant ceiling heating and . Wyprzedaż tube radiators od Chińskich tube radiators Hurtowników Katalog.
Design Vertical Tube Radiators. Browse and buy Stelrad Caliente Radiators Vertical Single Tube from PlumbNation. Our V-tube core is engineered for demanding work, where cores may be subject . The New Classic Finned Tube Radiator has been introduced to our range due to the popular demand of the Finned Tube Radiator.
Get contact details, address, map on Indiamart. Meinertz offers two types of steel tube radiators: finned and plain. They can be connected with various types of connectors and supports that permit the . I am trying to figure the btu output of existing radiators in an old building.
I have length, width and height of each. Find hydronic and electric baseboard and towel radiators, towel warmers at RuntalNorthAmerica. Runtal Radiators is the world leader in radiant heating! The vacuum tubes that are used for vacuum tube Amps or guitar Amps play an important role to amplify musical signals and drive speakers.
Gilled-Tube Radiators – You find here suppliers from Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Please obtain more information on spare parts, servicing, . CSF manufactures the most advanced and efficient radiator cores in the industry by using innovative tube and fin technologies with industry leading testing . It is ideal for high-spec commercial .


text:
Q: nested function call faster or not? I have this silly argument with a friend and need an authoritative word on it.
I have these two snippet and want to know which one is faster ? [A or B]
(assuming that compiler does not optimize anything)
[A]
if ( foo () );

[B]
int t = foo ();
if ( t )

EDIT : Guys, this might look a silly question to you but I have a hardware engineer friend, who was arguing that even WITHOUT optimization (take any processor, any compiler pair) CASE B is always faster because it DOES NOT fetch the memory for the result from previous instruction but directly accesses result from Common Data Bus by bypassing that data (remember the 5-stage pipeline).
While My Argument was that, without compiler informing how much data to copy or check, it is not possible to do that(you have to go to memory to get the data, WITHOUT compiler optimizing that)

A: Executive Summary
1. We are talking about nanoseconds. Light moves a whopping 30cm in that time.
2. Sometimes, if you are really lucky, [A] is faster

Side note: [B] may have a different meaning
if the return type of foo is not int but an object that has implicit conversions to both int and bool, different code paths are executed. One might contain a Sleep.
Assuming a function returning int:
Depends on the compiler
Even with the restriction of "no optimization", there is no guarantee how the generated code will look like. B could be 10 times faster and the compiler would still be compliant (and you most likely wouldn't notice).
Depends on the hardware
Depending on your architecture, there might not even be a difference for the generated code, no matter how much your compiler tries.
Assuming a modern compiler on a modern x86 / x64 architecture:
On typical compilers, the difference is at most miniscule
 that stores t in a stack variable, the two extra stack loads typically cost 2 clock cycles (less than a nanosecond on my CPU). That is negligible compared to the "surrounding cost" - a call to foo, the cost of foo itself, and a branch. An unoptimized call with a full stack frame can easily cost you 20.200 cycles depending on patform.
For comparison: cycle cost of a single memory access that is not in 1st level cache (roughly: 100 cycles from 2nd level,  1000 from main, hundreds of thousands from disk)
...or even nonexistent
Even if your compiler isn't optimizing, your CPU might. Due to pairing / microcode generation, the cycle cost may actually be identical.

A: For the record, gcc, when compiling with optimization specifically disabled (-O0), produces different code for the two inputs (in my case, the body of foo was return rand(); so that the result would not be determined at compile time).
Without temporary variable t:
        movl    $0, %eax
        call    foo
        testl   %eax, %eax
        je      .L4
        /* inside of if block */
.L4:
        /* rest of main() */

Here, the return value of foo is stored in the EAX register, and the register is tested against itself to see if it is 0, and if so, it jumps over the body of the if block.
With temporary variable t:
        movl    $0, %eax
        call    foo
        movl    %eax, -4(%rbp)
        cmpl    $0, -4(%rbp)
        je      .L4
        /* inside of if block */
.L4:
        /* rest of main() */

Here, the return value of foo is stored in the EAX register, then pushed onto the stack. Then, the contents of the location on the stack are compared to literal 0, and if they are equal, it jumps over the body of the if block.
And so if we assume further that the processor is not doing any "optimizations" when it generates the microcode for this, then the version without the temporary should be a few clock cycles faster. It's not going to be substantially faster because even though the version with a temporary involves a stack push, the stack value is almost certainly still going to be in the processor's L1 cache when the comparison instruction is executed immediately afterwords, and so there's not going to be a round trip to RAM.
Of course the code becomes identical as soon as you turn on any optimization level, even -O1, and who compiles anything that is so critical that they care about a handful of clock cycles with all optimizations off?
Edit: With regard to your further information about your hardware engineer friend, I can't see how accessing a value in the L1 cache would ever be faster than accessing a register directly. I could see it being just about as fast if the value never even leaves the pipeline, but I can't see it being faster, especially since it still has to execute the movl instruction in addition to the comparison. But show him the assembly code above and ask what he thinks; it will be more productive than trying to discuss the problem in terms of C.

A: They are likely both going to be the same.  That int will be stored into a register in either case.

A: The "optimisation" required to convert [B] into [A] is so trivial (especially if t is not used anywhere else) that the compiler probably won't even call it an optimisation. It might be something that it just does as a matter of course, whether or not optimisations are explicitly enabled.
The only way to tell is to ask your compiler to generate an assembly source listing for both bits of code, then compare them.

A: It really depends on how the compiler is built. But I think in most cases, A will be faster. Here's why:
In B, the compiler might not bother finding out whether t is ever used again, so it will be forced to preserve the value after the if statement. And that could mean pushing it onto the stack.

A: A will likely be just a tiny bit faster because it does  not do a variable assignment.  The difference we're talking about is way too small to measure .


text:
The Word for Today
The Rejection of Jesus
Who rejected Jesus and why did they reject Him? Pastor Chuck Smith shares the answers in this episode of "The Word for Today".
The Purpose of John's Gospel
Why did John write the Gospel bearing his name? When did he write it? Pastor Chuck Smith shares the introduction to the book of John in this edition of "The Word for Today".
Jesus' Dismissing His Spirit
What happened to the body of Jesus once He died? What was the response of Jesus' disciples after He rose from the grave? Pastor Chuck Smith shares the responses in this edition of "The Word for Today".
The Ministry of Prayer
What were the last words uttered by Jesus on the cross a prayer? When was this prayer answered? Pastor Chuck Smith tells when in this episode of "The Word for Today".
Charges Against Jesus
Why were the charges levied against Jesus changed from the first charges? Pastor Chuck Smith shares why in this episode of "The Word for Today".
Satan's Desire for Peter
Was the cross really necessary? How do we know? Pastor Chuck Smith shares the answer in this edition of "The Word for Today".
The Feast of Unleavened Bread
Secular History on Nero
Who was Nero and what happened after Paul told him about the Christ? Pastor Chuck Smith shares the answer in this edition of "The Word for Today".
The Son of David
What happened when Jesus asked a question of the questioners? How would a father call his son lord? Pastor Chuck Smith explains what happened in today's edition of "The Word for Today".
A Trap for Jesus
Why were people trying to trap Jesus with trick questions? How did it work out for them? How did Jesus handle it? Pastor Chuck Smith answers these question and more in this edition of "The Word for Today".
The Instrument of Prayer
Can you get anything you want from God if you pray for it? The answer may surprise you as given by the late pastor Chuck Smith in this edition of "The Word for Today".
The Value of Walking with God
What is meant by the phrase "a great cloud of witnesses"? How should it impact us today? Pastor Chuck Smith provides insight into this passage in today's edition of "The Word for Today".
The Authorship of "Hebrews"
So who wrote the unsigned book of Hebrews? There has been much discussion about who wrote it. Today's study includes looking into this as the late Pastor Chuck Smith starts the study of "Hebrews" in this edition of "The Word for today".
Resisting the Devil
Do you recognize what is really going on when you are having a terrible, "ready to rip someone's head off" day? What are the three "R's" that can help you? Listen to today's edition of "The Word for Today" and find out.
Enduring Temptations
Have you ever noticed how miserable you are whenever you fail to control yourself when you face temptation? Is there any hope? In today's edition of "The Word for Today", the late pastor Chuck Smith shares the hope.
Science & the Bible
Pslams
The Word For Today is a non-profit organization, and an outreach of Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa. Our desire is to see the body of Christ grow in their knowledge of God through the study of His Word. We are committed to bringing you the solid and consistent teaching of the whole Bible taught by Pastor Chuck Smith.
www.twft.com


text:
I cannot be in a better place Pep Guardiola commits to Man City until 2025
Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola has signed a two-year contract extension to keep him at the club until the summer of 2025.
The former Barcelona and Bayern Munich boss, 51, has won nine major trophies, including four Premier League titles, since taking charge at City in 2016.
Guardiola said in a statement from the club: "I am so pleased to be staying at Manchester City for another two years.
"I can't say thank you enough to everyone at the club for trusting me. I am happy and comfortable, and I have everything I need to do my job as best as possible.
"I know the next chapter of this club will be amazing for the next decade. It happened over the last 10 years, and it will happen in the next 10 years because this club is so stable.
"From day one I felt something special being here. I cannot be in a better place.
"I still have the feeling there is more we can achieve together and that is why I want to stay and continue fighting for trophies."
City chairman Khaldoon Al Mubarak said: "I am delighted that Pep's journey with Manchester City Football Club will continue.
"He has already contributed so much to the success and fabric of this organisation, and it's exciting to think what might be possible given the energy, hunger and ambition that he clearly still has.
"Under his very special leadership our first team has accomplished so much, whilst continuously playing, and constantly evolving, a City style of football that is admired the world over. Like every City fan, I am looking forward to what lies ahead."