text:
My Chemical Romance announce one-off United Kingdom show
Watch Post Malone in the trailer for Mark Wahlberg's new Netflix film
`Parasite' Cast Says Film Has A Global Message
Netflix shares stumble as company faces new streaming competition
New James Bond theme singer, Billie Eilish's Irish roots
NYT Ed Board Breaks With Tradition, Endorsing Both Warren And Klobuchar
Star Wars: The Clone Wars Season 7 Trailer: The Series is Ending
Taylor Swift shares trailer for her documentary Miss Americana
Star Trek: Picard Welcomes Back Whoopi Goldberg As Guinan For Season 2
K-pop supergroup BTS bound for Toronto
Rihanna's inspiring documentary on Malawi will encourage you to change the world
Rihanna's visit to Malawi coincides with Global Citizen's campaign calling for world leaders to commit a much-needed $3.1 billion dollars to global education; ...
'Wonder Woman' has biggest film opening ever for female director
The Ministry of Economy and Trade, which has a policy of banning Israeli exports, made a formal request to ban the film. To say Wonder Woman is crushing the...
Ariana Grande becomes British heroine with Manchester concert
She also performed "Better Days" with Victoria Monét and sang "Where is the Love" with the Black Eyed Peas . We love you so much. The powerful message came i...
Trump to nominate Christopher Wray, ex-Justice Department official, to head FBI
Wray is best known as a white-collar defense attorney after serving as the USA assistant attorney general in charge of the Justice Department's criminal divisio...
Bill Maher's Ex-Girlfriend Speaks About His Use of the N-Word
In a statement, Ice Cube's spokesperson said, " Ice Cube will still appear on Bill Maher this Friday as scheduled to talk about the release of Death Certi...
Watch Ed Sheeran rock out on Carpool Karaoke with James Corden
Turns out the two singers are pals, and Sheeran recounted a story to Corden about trying to hit a golf ball out of Bieber's mouth but whacking him in the head...
Wonder Woman 2 Will Take Diana to America
Guardians of the Galaxy director James Gunn congratulated Patty Jenkins on her film's massive weekend box office . Wonder Woman , starring Gal Gadot in...
Final Jury Selected as Cosby Trial Approaches
The case is set for trial June 5. When Smerconish pointed out that Cosby's accusers are both black and white, the comedian replied: "Let me put it to you th...
Bill Cosby accuser 'froze' during alleged sex attack
Constand, an athletic 6-footer with dark curly hair, was calm and direct as she testified , frequently speaking straight to the jury. Cosby then penetrated her...
Khloe Kardashian Learns She Might Have Trouble Getting Pregnant
Speculation as to who could be the friend started Thursday when Kardashian posted her mysterious tweets . She then asked her almost 24 million followers for a...
Cosby's chief accuser denies romance before alleged assault
Andrea Constand walks to the courtroom during Bill Cosby's sexual assault trial at the Montgomery County Courthouse in Norristown , Pennsylvania , June 6, ...
Ariana Grande Resumes Tour With Touching Message To Manchester's 'Angels'
Calling it "a lovely night", Katy urged the 50,000 fans gathered at the Emirates Old Trafford cricket ground to "touch the next person", adding, "Make human con...
One Love Manchester Sends Oasis & Coldplay Tracks Into iTunes Charts
After being together for a fair while, it is quite possible that the two are engaged, but unfortunately nothing was actually announced at the concert - probably...
Director: 'Wonder Woman' a 'hero' for all
Although Jenkins said she felt no obligation to return to the franchise as the director for the sequel, she would love to be involved in the "beautiful story"...
Ariana Grande to release charity single of Somewhere Over The Rainbow
She has used social media to share pictures and videos from the concert which include her interacting with fans as well as her duets with Miley Cyrus and C...
Practically ideal! See new photos from Disney's 'Mary Poppins Returns'
The images were revealed by Entertainment Weekly and they show off not only Blunt as the ageless, magical, "practically ideal in every way" nanny and Miranda ...
Limited Edition Gold and Silver PlayStation 4 Slim Units Announced
We'll be getting more information on the Days of Play promotion closer to the event kicking off, so be sure to check back for more details. Up until the PS4, ...
PS4 Gold Edition is ironically cheaper than normal PS4
Microsoft will be at E3 in Los Angeles this year with a press conference at 2pm PT (10pm GMT) where they are expected to not only reveal the console but the ...
A Closer Look at watchOS 4 for the Apple Watch
Apple is also teaming with a number of fitness equipment providers like TurboGym, which makes it possible to directly sync workout data back to the Apple Wat...
US lawmakers to press intel chiefs on Russia ahead of Comey hearing
A 56 percent majority of US adults say Trump is interfering with such investigations rather than cooperating, while 61 percent say Trump fired Comey to protect ...
White House's Cohn: 'All on board' to do tax reform this year
Former FBI director James Comey testifies in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee during an oversight hearing on Capitol Hill on May 3, 2017. The same ...
Here's Everything You Need to Know About the CMT Music Awards!
This star-studded musical night will be hosted by Charles Esten . There will also be collaborations by Luke Bryan and Jason Derulo , The Chainsmokers and ...
Tom Cruise was terrified of original 'Mummy'
The American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott followed the life of top pilot Maverick, who after losing his friend is given a second c...
Wonder Woman Review: Does It Save the DCEU? Rewind Replay
He stated the film shows that redemption for the DC universe is possible, and "hits on both a visceral and emotional level". Both Batman v Superman: Dawn of Ju...
Nicole Kidman named Best Actress at Glamour Women of the Year Awards
The night's other important victor included Bridget Jones' Baby director Sharon Maguire who won the Best Filmmaker Award. Comedy actress Sharon Horgan joked t...
WWE Smackdown: Shinsuke Nakamura and Kevin Owens battle, Lana debuts
Their first battle was a tremendous show closer last week and was incredibly well structured and built smartly and the two will compete again this week, makin...
Ariana Grande returns to the stage at One Love Manchester concert
USA pop singer Ariana Grande headlined a star-studded benefit concert in Manchester on Sunday that was both joyful and mournful, in aid of victims of the bomb...
Ariana Grande Delivers A Touching Performance At The Manchester Benefit Concert
Last night's emotional concert saw Ariana being joined by special guests including Miley Cyrus , Katy Perry , Pharrell Williams, Justin Bieber , Coldplay a...
Grants Make-A-Wish
Alex and his family arrived at Animal Adventure Park and met April , her calf Tajiri and Tajiri's father Oliver, reported local news . Alex , who commun...
Hope conquers fear at One Love Manchester benefit concert
Speaking of the Manchester Arena atrocity's youngest victims, he said on the night: "Those children who had their tomorrows ripped away from them, we owe it t...
"black-ish" star Yara Shahidi is going to Harvard
In addition to this exciting news, the 17-year-old will also be classmates with Malia Obama , who's now interning with the Harvey Weinstein Company in New York...
Ariana Grande charity concert raises $17m
When the R & B legend reached out to his 6.5 million Instagram followers, the "Crash" singer said, 'I would have loved to be there, but it was my son's first ...
Manchester Police Reveal New Information On The Bomber Luggage
Greater Manchester Police are treating the explosion as a terrorist attack and have confirmed 22 fatalities and 59 injured. The attack killed 22 people, i...
What we know about the London Bridge attackers
One has since been released without being charged. Khuram Shazad Butt, aged 27, was a British citizen born in Pakistan, who was already known to police and Br...
Iran Revolutionary Guards blame Saudi Arabia for deadly attacks in Tehran
The Foreign Office has strongly condemned in a statement on Wednesday the terrorist attack in Iran which has so far killed 12 people. Another politicia...
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Saif Ali Khan revealed about his and Amrita Singh's divorce, said
Hugo Weaving Explains His Absence From the New Matrix and Avengers
Why Pink Absolutely "Can't Be Left Behind,quot; Plastic Surgery"
The Witcher Is Tracking to Be Netflix's Most-Viewed First Season
Animated British royal comedy 'The Prince' to make debut on HBO Max
Bright Eyes return: announce first shows in 9 years
Oh, Baby: Ashley Graham & Husband Justin Ervin Just Welcomed Their 1st Child
Pamela Anderson Secretly Marries 5th Husband Jon Peters In Malibu
The company puts an end to all the confusion regarding the global impl...
This is an increase from the last year's value of 2.15 billion units o...
Most people with basic computer skills should be able to navigate the ...
Tiktok isn't available in China, where ByteDance is based, due to C...
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Created by George Lucas, the show first aired in 2008 and became an en...
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On Tuesday, a case of the coronavirus was reported in Seattle . W...
And, yes, that 2019 bonus amount IS a record for the company, which is...
Washington said Britain had insisted on implementing the measure in Ap...
Last week its chief executive Larry Fink, in his annual letter to bus...
The deputy head of China's National Health Commission, Li Bin, told ...
© 2020 ,


text:
package io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.mock;

import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.DoneableKubernetesList;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.KubernetesList;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.dsl.RecreateFromServerGettable;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.dsl.Loadable;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.dsl.MultiDeleteable;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.dsl.Namespaceable;
import org.easymock.IExpectationSetters;

import java.io.InputStream;

public interface MockKubernetesListOperation extends
  Namespaceable<MockKubernetesListNonNamesapceOperation>,
  MultiDeleteable<KubernetesList, IExpectationSetters<Boolean>>,
  Loadable<InputStream, RecreateFromServerGettable<KubernetesList, IExpectationSetters<KubernetesList>, DoneableKubernetesList>> {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Used Machinery For Sale Mobile Jaw Crusher LT80J-2 . Stone Jaw Crusher Used HR420 - 5 From Japan For Sale.
Used Stone Crusher For Sale, Wholesale Various High Quality Used Stone Crusher STONE CRUSHER MOBILE JAW CRUSHER BR200J-1 FROM JAPAN.


In the world of multifamily conferences, this is the one: the National Apartment Association's Apartmentalize Conference! Not just one of the largest multifamily conferences, it is a wonderfully executed meeting of the industry's top players mixed with incredible content, educational sessions, thought leaders, exhibiting time, and more. The networking value alone makes the Apartmentalize conference a worthwhile venture for any multifamily professional.
While we most certainly will not be the only company doing a conference recap, it is always fun reading the different viewpoints because there are so many different attendees and points of view to be had throughout the week of activities. Our personal POV is from that of an exhibiting vendor.
While it can sometimes feel lonely not getting to partake in all of the events or festivities simply because we are a vendor, or feeling like we've drawn the short stick having to pay to play for everything, there is so much ROI and so much value to be drawn from an event such as Apartmentalize. Below we'll break down exactly what our focuses for this conference were and dive into exactly how valuable it is for a multifamily technology company such as us.
What makes this industry run are the people that are in it and there is no better place to connect with as many of those people as possible than at the Apartmentalize Conference. Simply because we're a vendor doesn't mean we can't have friends in the industry. We have gotten where we are today as a business in large part because of our friends in industry that have supported us along the way. We also say it all of the time at Realync, that the day this business is no longer fun, is the day it's no longer worth it. You have to enjoy what you're doing and enjoy whom you are doing that work with. The people that attend Apartmentalize and the networking opportunities are second to none.
Having to spend so much to exhibit at and attend Apartmentalize definitely means needing to show an ROI on the investment. Thankfully though, at Apartmentalize we have never had to take the position of hard selling anyone. The conference is setup to challenge how people think, get them asking questions, and looking for ways to beat status quo and do things better. People are there to learn and grow, and improve both themselves and their companies. Because of that, we are able to take our most favored stance when it comes to selling…partner. We are multifamily's only video leasing solution and therefore are able to come alongside attendees at the conference to discuss their video strategies, plans, wishes, and dreams and be a resource to help making those dreams a reality.
We love our clients. Plain and simple. Any chance that we get to be in person with them, laughing, smiling, sharing stories, and simply sharing life, we take it! Apartmentalize isn't simply about learning, education, and growth. It's about fun and celebrating our industry together. Grabbing coffee, breakfast, lunch, drinks, dinner, dessert, or attending a party, or simply sitting down together with our Realync clients is one of the best parts of the entire week. That is how we as a business grow. Getting to hear what's working and celebrate the successes, as well as hear what's not working and put a plan in place for making things better is invaluable to us as a company. Our goal is to be the sharpest tool in your teams' leasing toolbox and hearing from our clients is what keeps us sharp for them.
To continue the toolbox analogy, we also recognize that we need to work in conjunction with the other tools that are in that leasing toolbox. Partnering with companies like Yardi, Entrata, 30Lines, Hy.ly, and other industry leaders is not only beneficial for us and our clients, but beneficial for the industry as a whole. Having integrated systems that talk, share, listen, and work together will make multifamily a more integrated, seamless, and smooth experience for buyers and renters, and only help to keep pushing our industry forward. While most vendors deploy the forces to ensure that they show an ROI on the investment made at the Apartmentalize conference, the right people are always around and always available to engage in these partnership conversations. Whether over a drink or with laptops out to dive deep into how things proceed, there is space for these discussions as well amongst everything else going on throughout the week.
The final driver of value for us is one that many wouldn't think of when attending an industry conference like Apartmentalize. Smart investors that have an interest in multifamily technology companies or the industry as a whole make sure to be at conferences like this. It takes a lot of capital to build a technology company that is able to service an industry with over 20 million units and, therefore, connecting with these industry-focused investment groups is always a pleasant conversation. There is a big difference between taking investment just to be able to fuel the business and taking investment from a fund or group that has industry experience, connections, expertise, and value beyond just the capital. The investors that attend Apartmentalize are the latter and are doing incredible things to support continued growth and advancement of the industry that we all love so dearly.
While it could be very easy to get hung up on how expensive it is to attend, exhibit at, and partake in all of the festivities at Apartmentalize, the value is clearly there to justify it. It is so rare that our industry is able to come together like we do at Apartmentalize every year and it collectively takes us all to make our industry what it is. So cheers to another incredible Apartmentalize conference and here's to many more yet to come with the people and industry that we love.


RPM Automotive Inc. provides Cooling System Flush & Fill services to Fairfield, IA, Batavia, IA, Keosauqua, IA, and other surrounding areas.
The Basics Behind Cooling System Flush & Fill Services at RPM Automotive Inc.
Why Should You Have Cooling System Flush & Fill Services Performed at RPM Automotive Inc.?
We proudly service the Cooling System Flush & Fill needs of customers in Fairfield, IA, Batavia, IA, Keosauqua, IA, and surrounding areas.


St. Pete Beach, FL: The Veterans of South Pinellas County (VSPC) will host their 9th Annual Salute to the Military fundraising event on April 28, 2019. The Horan Park venue will feature military vehicles and exhibits, a kids fishing tournament and live music. There is no admission fee for the pet and family friendly event and complimentary parking is available nearby.
The fun begins at 10:00 AM and will include a military enlistment ceremony, a silent auction to benefit veterans support groups, a car show, 50/50 benefit raffle, food, beer and wine, artists, vendors, and the One Blood bloodmobile.
Another great Car Show by Angela will be on site from 10:00 am – 3:00 pm. 30 Trophies will be awarded after 3pm. Vehicle entry fee is a $10.00 donation. All makes and models are welcome! For entry info, please call 813-506-4225. Car show raffles are $5 each or 5 for $20.
The annual Kids Fishing Rodeo is back and will take place from 12:00 noon – 2:00 pm. 1st Place takes home a Full Day Fishing Excursion for Child & 1 adult on the Miss Pass-A-Grille fishing boat sailing from the Merry Pier in Pass-A-Grille.
Live music throughout the day will include Project Y performing a high energy, tasteful combination of danceable cover songs, from classic and alternative rock to blues, country and R & B.
The VSPC is a 501(c)(3) charity organization and has given more than $75,000 in cash and in-kind contributions to a variety of non-profit groups that support veterans. This year's programs will focus is on wheelchair and mobility aids, small home repairs, emergency assistance and veteran's scholarship assistance grants.
Exhibitor Information: All veteran supporters are welcome. Please go to www.SIKpromotions.com to apply.


Calgary driver-partners are required to carry a Class 1-55 Vehicle Registration. Learn more below.
A Class 1-55 Vehicle Registration is a type of registration distributed by the province to those providing ride for hire services.
Please note: Class 1-55 Vehicle Registration does not provide Uber driver-partners with the same privileges as a taxi.
All registries in Alberta should be equipped to handle this type of registration change.
What's the wait time for a new registration?
You should receive the new registration immediately upon payment at the registry.
You can expect this to typically cost $25, although costs may vary.
What does a Class 1-55 look like?
It's almost identical to other Alberta vehicle registrations with only a few key differences: a number '1' in SECTION 1 under CLASS, and the word 'Livery' under TYPE OF OPERATION.
Come meet our team of Uber Experts at Uber Greenlight Hub in Calgary.


Asaka Automotive Plant is a light evidence of the potential of our Motherland and our nation. Today, on the 20th year of state independence, we deeply realize significance of achieved success. Erection of large enterprise, introduction of complicated technologies answering all international standards, their mastering by local specialists – are not beyond any states power.
Foundation of Automotive Plant construction in Uzbekistan was laid during the visit of our President Islam Karimov in June, 1992 to Korean Republic while meeting with "Daewoo Motors" Corporation activity. After a while document on joint venture in automotive sphere establishment was signed. On March, 1993 Uzbek-South Korean JV "UzDaewooAuto" was established and three years later on the 19th of July, 1996 opening ceremony of Asaka Automotive Plant was held.
Asaka Automobile Plant staff, consisting of professional team, confidently made its first significant step and in 1996 three car lines were launched - Damas, Nexia, Tico in 7 modifications. Thus, consumer was provided with worthy choice due to high technical level. During the first year enterprise produced 25,3 th. of light vehicles, next year amount reached 64,3 th.
Meanwhile, specialists of automotive branch continued their work under new achievements. Five years after opening, in 2001, in honor of 10th anniversary of Independence, Plant started production of Matiz. In August, 2002 production of Nexia DOHC model was launched. In December, 2004 model raw was completed with Matiz in BEST modification. Simultaneously work on improvement of Damas vehicle characteristics was continued, as a result in February, 2006 renewed model Damas II was mastered.
On March, 2008 restyling model of Nexia was presented. That year was inaugurated with one more event: on the 21 of February, 2008 new Joint-Venture "GM Uzbekistan" was established on the base of Asaka Automotive Plant. Work went in full swing. Model raw of Uzbek cars was enlarged by new, modern and qualitative vehicles. Production of Chevrolet was launched: sedan of representative class "Epica" and SUV "Captiva". In November Asaka Automotive Plant produces millionth vehicle. It was Lacetti model – synthesis of stylish, simple interior and dynamic sport exterior.
Especially for Lacetti production stamping of body panels, constructed welding division and reconstructed assembly line were arranged.
Inspired by success, specialists on national automotive industry did not keep us waiting and in August, 2010 "GM Uzbekistan" mastered production of global model - Chevrolet Spark. From the first days car became a favorite model of Uzbek car drivers.


text:
Q: Add/remove classes on element/component during page transitions in layout/default.vue I am looking for a solution to add and remove classes on components/elements outside of the <nuxt/> element in layouts/default.vue during page transitions in a Nuxt project.
As an example, I would like to animate a div in and then out before every page transition. Pseudo code below:
<!-- layouts/default.vue -->

<template>
  <site-curtain :class="{ 'is-active': isTransitioning == true }" /> // I would to apply this class during a page transition
  <nuxt />
</template>

Is there an obvious way in Nuxt to listen to the page transitions that I am missing? I have looked at vue-router's beforeRouteUpdate navigation guard but not sure if it's suitable?
Any help will be greatly appreciated!

A: try this (I used this approach in one of my projects and it works fine):
first I defined a mixin as follows:
mixin/transition.js:
export default {
  beforeEnter() {
    this.$emit('transition', true);
  },
  afterEnter() {
    this.$emit('transition', false);
  },
}

then imported it in every page that I wanted to use the effect:
pages/about-us.vue
import transition from '@/mixin/transition';

export default {
  mixins: [transition],
  ...
}

then in the layout page I could listen to the transition event emited before and after the transition is done and get the payload sent with the event:
<template>
  <site-curtaion :class="{ 'is-active': isTransition }" />
  <nuxt @transition="isTransition = $event" />
</template>

and this is the data object of the layout component:
data() {
  return {
    isTransition: false,
  };
}

here is the resources I used to put together this solution:
Nuxt transition properties
Vue's javascript transition hooks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
J.Crew Retires Michelle and Malia Obama's Inauguration Outfits
The retailer won't sell the outfits anymore out of respect for the First Family
By Rebecca Nelson @rebeccarnelsonJan. 23, 2013
WIN MCNAMEE/AFP/Getty Images
The most coveted fashions from Monday's inauguration were also some of the most affordable. But the J. Crew pieces worn by Michelle and Malia Obama will no longer be available for purchase.
On Today, Jenna Lyons, executive creative director of the retailer, told Matt Lauer that J. Crew plans to retire the First Lady's sparkly sash-turned-belt and First Daughter Malia's plum coat.
"The lady day coat that Malia was wearing has been in our line for years, and we'll continue that, but we'll retire the color," Lyons said. "We won't do the color again, just out of respect for the First Family."
The same goes for Michelle's rhinestone belt, which Lyons pointed out is actually a sash. Lyons said J.Crew wants to let the First Lady "have that moment."
"We won't rerun that," she said.
Because Michelle often wears pieces from previous seasons, Lyons explained, customers looking for the items they see her wear find they're often not available. But the $265 sash worn by Michelle Obama, which had been featured on J.Crew's website over an ivory gown, was sold out by Monday night.
The First Lady is a well-known fan of the label, and in the past, her appearances in their garments have created media and business buzz. In 2009, her green leather J.Crew gloves caused a sensation, crashing the retailer's website. When she wore multiple J.Crew pieces in her 2009 Vogue photoshoot, the retailer dissected her "first look" on their website, marketing the cashmere cardigan, satin cami and tweed pencil skirt to customers as what "our first lady" wore.
Malia and Sasha wore colorful J.Crew coats at their dad's first inauguration. While Malia stayed with the brand this Inauguration, Sasha stepped out in a purple Kate Spade coat. No word on whether her outfit will soon be off the racks too.
PHOTOS: Michelle Obama's Second-Term Fashion
Rebecca Nelson @rebeccarnelson
Rebecca Nelson is a writing and web production intern for TIME. Now based in New York, she has lived and reported in Seattle, Chicago, London, Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles. If everything goes as planned, she will graduate from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism in June.
Belles of the Ball: An Insider's Look at Inaugural Gowns

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kick It Out is football's equality and inclusion campaign, they work throughout the football, educational and community sectors to challenge discrimination, encourage inclusive practices and work for positive change.
Working initially on the annual review, we evolved our role to include a rebrand, a Report it! App, annual campaigns and the organisation's website. We developed a visual language that communicates clearly to their audiences and helps make football a safer, more enjoyable and less intimidating place.


text:
Home Cryptocurrency Technology
Binance CEO Rebuts Buterin's Centralized Exchange Slur
by Nick Chong
in Cryptocurrency Technology
Last week, Vitalik called out centralized exchanges in an interview with TechCrunch, with his statements catching many off-guard, including Binance's CEO.
Binance CEO: We Are All Part Of The Same Ecosystem
Vitalik Buterin, a co-founder of the Ethereum project, recently called out centralized exchanges in an interview with TechCrunch. Vitalik, a prominent Russian-Canadian programmer, has been well-known for his work in the cryptocurrency space, becoming an advocate for decentralization.
As a result of his ties to decentralization, the Ethereum co-founder expressed his hate towards centralized exchanges, while not naming any platform in particular. He said:
"I definitely hope centralized exchanges go burn in hell as much as possible."
This statement given by Vitalik quickly blew up on social media, and soon enough, everyone had their own opinion on what Vitalik had to say. Eventually, Changpeng Zhao, the well-known CEO of Binance, got wind of what Vitalik had to say about a centralized exchange like his.
On July 10th, he issued a lengthy Tweet giving his opinions on what the cryptocurrency personality had to say.
Got asked a few times, re: "Vitalik's burn in hell".
Let's not wish others to "burn in hell". Let's have a bigger heart, and appreciate the fact that we are part of an eco-system… pic.twitter.com/4QYGKus0Gk
— CZ Binance ??? (@cz_binance) July 10, 2018
Firstly, CZ pointed out that the comment "burn in hell" wasn't taken too nicely, asking for centralized exchange critics to "have a bigger heart." The Binance boss wrote:
"I would not wish "burn in hell" on anyone or anything. That's just not a nice thing to say, even if it was said by Vitalik."
Zhao reasoned that all cryptocurrency community members are part of the same ecosystem, and it would be in our best interest to collaborate instead of propagating the infighting that has become a sort of calling card for the industry.
Secondly, the CEO noted that the cryptocurrency industry would be on levels of magnitudes different if centralized exchanges weren't present. Exchanges like Coinbase and Binance have created high levels of liquidity for the industry, allowing for incoming retail investors to buy, sell and trade a variety of different cryptocurrencies. Additionally, centralized exchanges have become an integral part of the fiat on-ramp process, which became a leading factor in the most recent cryptocurrency run up.
The Industry Would Be Smaller Without Centralized Exchanges
As CZ puts it, "if it was not for fiat (and centralized) exchanges, the industry would be smaller and the industry would develop slower."
This has been widely received as true, take a look at the top exchanges on CoinMarketCap, It easily becomes apparent that decentralized exchanges have not seen the levels of adoption which centralized exchanges have experience.
Vitalik recognized this in the aforementioned interview, noting that the only reason why centralized exchanges are still viable is due to the fact that they act as a gateway, bridging the gap between fiat and cryptocurrencies. The Ethereum proponent went on to say that decentralized exchanges will only become more and more prominent as time goes on.
However, CZ rebutted by saying that nothing is truly decentralized, and things that are "decentralized" are not safer (or better) by default. The CEO pointed to the example of Ethereum Classic and Ethereum DAO situation, where the decentralized autonomous organization fell victim to a security breach, causing a fork of the original Ethereum chain.
In addition, it was pointed out that efficiency and adoption rates are an important part of the centralized/decentralized debate as well, implying that if centralized exchanges are required for mass cryptocurrency adoption, then so be it.
Despite trying to address most of Vitalik's points, CZ didn't mention allegations of absurdly high listing fees that many exchanges require in the rebuttal. However, in an interview with Ran Neu Ner of CNBC Africa, Zhao gave viewers of the 'Crypto Trader' show an insight into Binance's listing process. He said:
"We don't negotiate and we don't ask for a price. When a project team submits an application, they will tell us what they want to pay. And you can say zero ($), which we may accept and we have listed coins that say zero. However, there's a sweet spot for the money you pay. If it's too high, then we actually get worried…. But we list coins for a fairly low fee"
It was not made clear where this 'sweet spot' lies, but many speculate it ranges in the $3-5 million range.
Binance Chain: Binance's Upcoming Decentralized Exchange
Despite taking a seemingly harsh stance on the current state of decentralization, Binance is still planning to move forward with its own decentralized project, Binance Chain.
In the aforementioned 'Crypto Trader' interview, when asked about the Binance Chain project Zhao noted:
"I believe that decentralized exchanges are the future. I do not know when that future will come, so again, I think we are in an early stage for that. I don't know whether it's going to be a year, two years, three years, five years, I don't know, but we have to be ready for it. So we're now actively investing our efforts and time into it. We have a dedicated team working on this, and I hope to see a prototype within the next couple of months"
It is unlikely that the first prototype of Binance Chain will be able to support the trade throughput levels the exchange sees today. But it is only a matter of time before protocols develop to a stage where average users, like you or I, do not notice any difference between the two types of exchanges, offering seamless decentralized services to the masses.
As the cryptocurrency space develops and expands, there will begin to be a shrinking need for centralized exchanges. But as seen by moves taken by Binance, currently centralized platforms may begin to migrate over to decentralization in an attempt to keep business.
But it is unclear what the timeline for decentralized exchange development will look like, as in their current state, decentralized exchanges can be rather slow and clunky. But once decentralized platforms show high levels of efficiency and security, centralized exchanges will only be known as fiat on-ramps, and platforms utilized by high-frequency traders, looking for millions of trades per second.
Tags: Binancecryptocurrencycryptocurrency exchangedecentralizeddecentralized exchangedigital currencyethereumexchangeop-edOpiniontradingVitalik Buterin
Nick Chong
I am a writer who has been following Bitcoin for years now. My insights and interviews have been featured in leading publications in the industry such as LongHash and Decrypt. I own a small amount of Bitcoin.
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text:
Ext.define('KitchenSink.view.charts.pie.BasicController', {
    extend: 'Ext.app.ViewController',
    alias: 'controller.pie-basic',

    onPreview: function () {
        var chart = this.lookupReference('chart');
        chart.preview();
    },

    onDataRender: function (v) {
        return v + '%';
    },

    onSeriesTooltipRender: function (tooltip, record, item) {
        tooltip.setHtml(record.get('os') + ': ' + record.get('data1') + '%');
    }

});


text:
Q: Yii2 Gridview Dropdown Button in Action column I want to make my action column button as dropdown button in my gridview, this is my code
// ... GridView configuration ...
['class' => 'yii\grid\ActionColumn',
            'template' => '{sell} {delete}',
            'buttons' => [
                'sell' => function ($url, $model) {
                    return Html::a('<button type="button" class="btn btn-success"></button>', $url, [
                                'title' => Yii::t('app', 'Sell Tickets'),
                                'data-toggle' => "modal",
                                'data-target' => "#myModal",
                                'data-method' => 'post',
                    ]);
                },
                'delete' => function ($url, $model) {
                    return Html::a('<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger"></button>', $url, [
                                'title' => Yii::t('app', 'Delete'),
                                'data-toggle' => "modal",
                                'data-target' => "#myModal",
                                'data-method' => 'post',
                    ]);
                },
            ],
            'urlCreator' => function ($action, $model, $key, $index) {
                if ($action == 'sell') {
                    $url = Url::toRoute(['trip/sell', 'id' => $model->tripScheduleId]);
                    return $url;
                } else {
                    $url = Url::toRoute(['trip/delete', 'id' => $model->tripScheduleId]);
                    return $url;
                }
            },
        ],

and this is the view

I've followed many in so or any source but nothing work on me.

A: buttons is an array of rendering function, just render your dropdown there and remove the urlCreator section.
urlCreator is used to build URLs for the default buttons in the template so by rendering a dropdown with the right URLs you won't need it.
'template' => '{actions}',
'buttons' => [
    'actions' => function ($url, $model) {
        //return you dropdown here
    }
],

Just don't care about $url parameter and create your URLs inside the function.


text:
News»Career Paths
Yorba Linda Mayor Tara Campbell believes local government can offer an uplifting alternative to the current divisive nature of national politics.
Photo: Kevin Sullivan, Orange County Register/SCNG
Alumna is California's youngest ever female mayor
Updated April 9, 2019 1:53 p.m.
Tara Campbell was elected mayor of her hometown, Yorba Linda, California, at the age of 25, just two years after graduating with a dual degree in broadcast and digital journalism and political science.
Alumna Tara Campbell often finds herself compared with Leslie Knope, the enthusiastic fictional small-town politician played by Amy Poehler on the popular sitcom Parks and Recreation.
Campbell, who was elected mayor of Yorba Linda, California, in December 2018, is the youngest female mayor in United States history of a town with a population of more than 30,000 — and the youngest ever female mayor of a California town.
Like Knope, Campbell launched her career in government by serving in her local parks and recreation department.
"Before I was mayor, a lot of friends asked, 'What's city council?'" Campbell said. "And I would say, 'Have you seen Parks and Rec? Yeah, Leslie Knope.' And then they got it."
Campbell says she's just as passionate about local government and Yorba Linda as Knope is about the fictional town of Pawnee, Indiana.
"And sure, I like waffles, too," Campbell laughs, referencing Knope's oft-avowed love for the sugary breakfast treat.
Change of career via C-SPAN
Campbell didn't start out aiming for a career in local government. Instead, she wanted to become a sports journalist.
She was majoring in broadcast journalism when a desire to broaden her perspective and experience drove her to apply to intern at C-SPAN. Her bags were packed for Washington, D.C., when the internship fell through. Instead, Campbell ended up interning for the D.C.-based nonprofit No Labels, which combats partisan dysfunction in government.
Shortly after her internship ended in 2013, the government shut down over disagreements about national health-care coverage. Back home in Yorba Linda, she witnessed a number of recall elections for local officials and realized that same government gridlock could happen on a local level.
Rather than feeling dispirited, Campbell found the experience highly motivating.
"I realized if you want to see a change, you've got to be part of that change, and so I started getting involved," she said.
Campbell added political science to her major, and in 2014, she was appointed to Yorba Linda's Parks and Recreation Commission. Then, after graduating with a bachelor's degree in broadcast and digital journalism from USC Annenberg and political science from USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, and an MPA in public administration from USC Price School of Public Policy the following year, she ran successfully for Yorba Linda City Council in 2016. She was 23.
Two years later, Campbell's four colleagues on the council unanimously voted her mayor, a title she holds in conjunction with her job as communications director for County of Orange Supervisor Andrew Do.
Savvy use of technology
A Republican, Campbell emphasizes fiscal responsibility, public safety and communication and has spearheaded improvements including redesigning the city's website and launching Yorba Linda on social media.
Campbell also created a citizen request tracker. "Say there's a broken swing in the park, you can take a picture of it, upload it from your phone, and our public work staff will be out within the week to fix that," she said. "It's government efficiency at its finest."
Another innovation she brought to the city is the ability to pay items like business licenses online — something she says has improved efficiency at City Hall tenfold.
This savvy use of technology is something important that young people can bring to the table, Campbell believes.
Puncturing stereotypes
The daughter of a realtor and a corrugated box salesman, Campbell relishes puncturing the stereotype that to be young and successful in politics it's necessary to grow up in a political family.
"My family wasn't political at all," Campbell says. Indeed, rather than a family love for politics, it was her father's frustration with government, often expressed by his "yelling at the TV when he'd see politicians on the news," that inspired her.
"I always felt, this is sad that this is how we feel about our elected officials," she said. "We've got to make a difference."
This year, Campbell is doing just that by launching the Young Civic Leaders Academy, a six-week biannual program that gives Yorba Linda's high school students the opportunity to learn about city government in a nonpartisan, positive way that also shows them how they can be involved and make a difference of their own.
Lamenting the current state of national politics, Campbell argues that local government can offer an uplifting alternative.
"People don't have a positive feeling about national politics because it's so divisive, but if you focus on your local government, you'd be surprised, you're able to get things done and make a difference."
The secret, Campbell says, is respect.
"We have a great relationship with our current council because although we don't always agree, we do respect each other. That makes it possible to debate issues and move things forward."


text:
DELETE FROM meta WHERE meta_key='schema_version';
INSERT INTO meta (species_id, meta_key, meta_value) VALUES (NULL, 'schema_version', '107');

# Patch identifier
INSERT INTO meta (species_id, meta_key, meta_value)
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text:
KPNC – Country
KLOR – Classic Hits
Triple Play Sports
Ponca City Now Headlines
Po-Hi Sports
Ponca City Local Sports
Archive Local NPR
District Court Filing
Bdiggity Classifieds
Oklahoma Road Conditions
Calendar Po-Hi Sports
Newkirk Main Street plans Spirit Sightings Tour Oct. 19-20
Ponca City Now - October 11, 2019 1:31 pm
NEWKIRK – Newkirk Main Street will sponsor the annual Spirit Sightings Tour on Oct. 19-20. Whether you believe in ghosts or not, the paranormal does appear to exist in Newkirk and you're invited to explore the stories of the community. This tour will be different from previous programs.
None of the stories are scary, and in fact, some may even be considered helpful, but the hosts still discourage the participation of those under 12.
The tours will begin each day at 2 p.m. at the Newkirk Heritage Center located at 116 North Main. No private vehicles are permitted, and seating is limited to 45 for each day. Advance purchase of tickets is required. Tickets may be purchased for $10 each at Newkirk Main Street, 116 N Main or Equity Bank, 102 S Main.
The business district portion of the tour will be walking, while the residential portion will be conducted on bus or from the porch of the residence. Afterwards, the bus will return the Main Street office, where refreshments will be served. Come join us for a unique perspective on Historical Newkirk.
What: Spirit Sightings Tour
Who: Newkirk Main Street Inc.
When: October 19th & 20th at 2pm
Where: 116 N Main St.
Advance purchase of tickets required, $10 each, refreshments after the tour
Feb.1 a special day at The Poncan, regardless of species
Prepare to enjoy a special event on Feb. 1 at The Poncan Theatre, complete with a...
Patsy Cline tribute Jan. 24 at The Poncan Theatre
"Reflections of Patsy Cline," a tribute to the legendary Queen of Country, will be at The...
Measure filed to create Oklahoma COLA Revenue Revolving Fund
OKLAHOMA CITY – The last cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) Oklahoma's state retirees received was in 2008, yet...
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Po Box 2509, OK 74602
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Although air flows through the H80 from the rear to the front, with the two exhausts located just behind the propeller, it is a compact straight-flow design with no complex flow-reversal sections.
General Electric is ranked as one of the world's leading aero engine manufacturers, with a $20 billion business powering airliners, fighters and many other types of aircraft around the world, plus servicing and systems provision. Currently just $400 million of that annual business comes from the Business and General Aircraft (BGA) division, but the company has plans to dramatically expand in that sector, and in so doing is taking on the Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 family that currently dominates the marketplace.
That journey began in July 2008 when GE Aviation (Chalet B107 and Hall 2A Stand C252) acquired the Walter company. Founded in 1911 as a motorcycle and automobile engine manufacturer, Walter had produced more than 37,500 aero engines since it entered that market in 1923. At the time of its acquisition the principal product was the M601 turboprop, best known as the powerplant for the Let 410 19-seat airliner/utility transport, which is still in production at Kunovice by Aviation Industries (a Russian/Czech-owned company).
GE's first action with its new acquisition was to move the existing plant to more modern facilities, followed by a major investment in implementing a modern production line concept and new machines that can undertake advanced processes such as the manufacture of blisks. These are single-piece components that replace older engine stages that are traditionally made by attaching individual blades to a central ring. Today Kbely is a self-contained unit with 410 employees, a design department, overhaul capability and four test cells.
While it continued to manufacture M601s, as it does today, the Kbely plant also began gearing up for an advanced derivative, the H80 family, which is based on the Walter design but with the insertion of advanced GE technology.
"Walter was a great opportunity for us to move into the [turboprop] space," recounted Stoker. "The M601 is a simple, robust and somewhat elegant design. We were able to take that and improve the 3-D aerodynamics, and improve the temperature properties of the materials." At the heart of the H80 is the M601's elegantly simple combustor, which is a "slinger" type that uses centrifugal force to produce a mist of fuel for ignition. The "slinger" is very compact, which in turn means the engine's length can be kept short without the need for the complicated reverse-flow combustors used in other engines. Furthermore, as it lacks fuel nozzles, there is no need for regular and costly hot-section inspections.
A new compressor section was designed, using two axial blisk stages ahead of a centrifugal third stage, and titanium replaced stainless steel. Advanced 3-D aerodynamic modeling was employed to produce a more efficient design. This was also used in the turbine section, as were new materials.
Overall, the H80 shows a 4-percent better pressure ratio when compared with the M601, while specific fuel consumption is 8 percent lower. General Electric claims a reduction in operating costs of around 10 percent when compared with the PT6A-34/35 engine. Time between overhauls has risen from 3,000 to 3,600 hours, and power output has been improved from 750 to 850 shp. In fact, the basic engine is available with three different power ratings (750, 800 and 850 shp) and is known as the H75, H80 and H85, respectively.
Development of the H80 family got under way in January 2009. Later in the year it achieved its first commercial success by being selected by Thrush for the 510G agricultural aircraft, and a first example took to the air in 2010. That year the H80 was selected by Aircraft Industries to power all new-production Let 410s, and by the end of 2011 the engine had been certified by EASA. Many other certifications followed, including FAA approval for the H80. FAA certifications for the H75 and H85 are due imminently.
As well as these aircraft, the GE engine has already been selected for two more new types. The Russian Technoavia Rysachok will feature H80s for production machines, and is due to fly with its intended engine in the third quarter of this year. The first H85 application is the Caiga Primus 150 being developed in China as a 5-seat high-flying business aircraft.
Meanwhile, the engine is available as a retrofit. Smyrna Air Center has developed the Power90 engine upgrade for the King Air C90 with H80s under a supplemental type certificate, and Air-Tec in South Africa is due to receive an STC for an H75 upgrade for older Let 410s. The original M601-powered aircraft have some rudder restrictions that prevent them from being re-engined with the more powerful H80 that is now used in new-build Let 410s.
In April this year the 50th H80-series engine was delivered, and the 100th is due before the end of the year, with production running at about two per week. The factory employs a modern production line process, and has a capacity of around 250 engines per year. That can be increased if required. As well as building new engines, the facility undertakes deep maintenance and overhauls on existing M601s. Around 650 of these engines are in worldwide service, with 44 percent flying in Europe and Russia, while another 300 or so M601s are in use but are considered outside of General Electric's purview.
General Electric has implemented a new support service for the H80 family, based on a one-call service with web-based tools, AOG teams and 24/7 coverage. A global network is growing, beginning with a U.S. center and then new facilities in South America, South Africa (Air-Tec) and Russia (Sokol). A center is being established in China, initially to support the Thrush 510G aircraft being delivered to Beidahuang, and it will be operational before the end of the year. Another center is to open in Australia to support operators in Southeast Asia.


is it ok to come down on the 30 oct.
sent Axle an e -mail the other day but have had no reply as yet.
Not sure who you are as the last post says IL-AXEL.
are looking for expeirenced tourny players for the millenium series for next season,if this is still the case i would like to come down and have a go.I have been down to canery wharf and met the lads before but it was about year and a half ago(tony miller was a newbie at that time).
about myself but have not had any replies.
thanks alex is it still 6.30/7.00 start?


text:
Neutrophil
For organisms that grow in neutral pH environments, see Neutrophile.
Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes, heterophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are the most abundant type of granulocytes and make up 40% to 70% of all white blood cells in humans.[1] They form an essential part of the innate immune system, with their functions varying in different animals.[2]
3D rendering of a neutrophil
Neutrophils with segmented nuclei surrounded by erythrocytes and platelets. Intra-cellular granules are visible in the cytoplasm (Giemsa stained).
H2.00.04.1.02012
Anatomical terms of microanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
They are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow and differentiated into subpopulations of neutrophil-killers and neutrophil-cagers. They are short-lived and highly mobile, as they can enter parts of tissue where other cells/molecules cannot. Neutrophils may be subdivided into segmented neutrophils and banded neutrophils (or bands). They form part of the polymorphonuclear cells family (PMNs) together with basophils and eosinophils.[3][4][5]
The name neutrophil derives from staining characteristics on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histological or cytological preparations. Whereas basophilic white blood cells stain dark blue and eosinophilic white blood cells stain bright red, neutrophils stain a neutral pink. Normally, neutrophils contain a nucleus divided into 2–5 lobes.[citation needed]
Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte and are normally found in the bloodstream. During the beginning (acute) phase of inflammation, particularly as a result of bacterial infection, environmental exposure,[6] and some cancers,[7][8] neutrophils are one of the first responders of inflammatory cells to migrate toward the site of inflammation. They migrate through the blood vessels and then through interstitial space, following chemical signals such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), C5a, fMLP, Leukotriene B4, and H2O2[9] in a process called chemotaxis. They are the predominant cells in pus, accounting for its whitish/yellowish appearance.[10]
Neutrophils are recruited to the site of injury within minutes following trauma and are the hallmark of acute inflammation;[11] however, due to some pathogens being indigestible, they might not be able to resolve certain infections without the assistance of other types of immune cells.
2.1 Life span
3 Function
3.1 Chemotaxis
3.2 Anti-microbial function
3.3 Phagocytosis
3.4 Degranulation
3.5 Neutrophil extracellular traps
4 Clinical significance
5 Neutrophil antigens
6 Subpopulations
8 Additional images
Neutrophil granulocyte migrates from the blood vessel to the matrix, secreting proteolytic enzymes, in order to dissolve intercellular connections (to the improvement of its mobility) and envelop bacteria through phagocytosis.
Hypersegmented neutrophil
When adhered to a surface, neutrophil granulocytes have an average diameter of 12–15 micrometers (µm) in peripheral blood smears. In suspension, human neutrophils have an average diameter of 8.85 µm.[12]
With the eosinophil and the basophil, they form the class of polymorphonuclear cells, named for the nucleus' multilobulated shape (as compared to lymphocytes and monocytes, the other types of white cells). The nucleus has a characteristic lobed appearance, the separate lobes connected by chromatin. The nucleolus disappears as the neutrophil matures, which is something that happens in only a few other types of nucleated cells.[13]: 168 Up to 17% of female human neutrophil nuclei have a drumstick-shaped appendage which contains the inactivated X chromosome.[14] In the cytoplasm, the Golgi apparatus is small, mitochondria and ribosomes are sparse, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum is absent.[13]: 170 The cytoplasm also contains about 200 granules, of which a third are azurophilic.[13]: 170
Neutrophils will show increasing segmentation (many segments of the nucleus) as they mature. A normal neutrophil should have 3–5 segments. Hypersegmentation is not normal but occurs in some disorders, most notably vitamin B12 deficiency. This is noted in a manual review of the blood smear and is positive when most or all of the neutrophils have 5 or more segments.
Reference ranges for blood tests of white blood cells, comparing neutrophil amount (shown in pink) with that of other cells
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in humans (approximately 1011 are produced daily); they account for approximately 50–70% of all white blood cells (leukocytes). The stated normal range for human blood counts varies between laboratories, but a neutrophil count of 2.5–7.5 × 109/L is a standard normal range. People of African and Middle Eastern descent may have lower counts, which are still normal.[15] A report may divide neutrophils into segmented neutrophils and bands.
When circulating in the bloodstream and inactivated, neutrophils are spherical. Once activated, they change shape and become more amorphous or amoeba-like and can extend pseudopods as they hunt for antigens.[16]
In 1973, Sanchez et al. found that the capacity of neutrophils to engulf bacteria is reduced when simple sugars like glucose, fructose as well as sucrose, honey and orange juice were ingested, while the ingestion of starches had no effect. Fasting, on the other hand, strengthened the neutrophils' phagocytic capacity to engulf bacteria. It was concluded that the function, and not the number, of phagocytes in engulfing bacteria was altered by the ingestion of sugars.[17] In 2007 researchers at the Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research found that given a selection of sugars on microbial surfaces, the neutrophils reacted to some types of sugars preferentially. The neutrophils preferentially engulfed and killed beta-1,6-glucan targets compared to beta-1,3-glucan targets.[18][19]
DevelopmentEdit
Life spanEdit
HSC=hematopoietic stem cell, Progenitor=progenitor cell, L-blast=lymphoblast, lymphocyte, Mo-blast=monoblast, monocyte, myeloblast, Pro-M=promyelocyte, myelocyte, Meta-M=metamyelocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, Pro-E=proerythroblast, Baso-E=basophilic erythroblast, poly-e=polychromatic erythroblast, ortho-E=orthochromatic erythroblast, erythrocyte, promegakaryocyte, megakaryocyte, platelet
The average lifespan of inactivated human neutrophils in the circulation has been reported by different approaches to be between 5 and 135 hours.[20][21]
Upon activation, they marginate (position themselves adjacent to the blood vessel endothelium) and undergo selectin-dependent capture followed by integrin-dependent adhesion in most cases, after which they migrate into tissues, where they survive for 1–2 days.[22] Neutrophils have also been demonstrated to be released into the blood from a splenic reserve following myocardial infarction.[23]
Neutrophils are much more numerous than the longer-lived monocyte/macrophage phagocytes. A pathogen (disease-causing microorganism or virus) is likely to first encounter a neutrophil. Some experts hypothesize that the short lifetime of neutrophils is an evolutionary adaptation. The short lifetime of neutrophils minimizes propagation of those pathogens that parasitize phagocytes because the more time such parasites spend outside a host cell, the more likely they will be destroyed by some component of the body's defenses. Also, because neutrophil antimicrobial products can also damage host tissues, their short life limits damage to the host during inflammation.[22]
Neutrophils will be removed after phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages. PECAM-1 and phosphatidylserine on the cell surface are involved in this process.
FunctionEdit
ChemotaxisEdit
Neutrophils undergo a process called chemotaxis via amoeboid movement, which allows them to migrate toward sites of infection or inflammation. Cell surface receptors allow neutrophils to detect chemical gradients of molecules such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), C3a, C5a, and leukotriene B4, which these cells use to direct the path of their migration.
Neutrophils have a variety of specific receptors, including ones for complement, cytokines like interleukins and IFN-γ, chemokines, lectins, and other proteins. They also express receptors to detect and adhere to endothelium and Fc receptors for opsonin.[24]
In leukocytes responding to a chemoattractant, the cellular polarity is regulated by activities of small Rho guanosine triphosphatases (Rho GTPases) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). In neutrophils, lipid products of PI3Ks regulate activation of Rac1, hematopoietic Rac2, and RhoG GTPases of the Rho family and are required for cell motility. Rac-GTPases regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and facilitate neutrophils adhesion, migration, and spreading.[25] They accumulate asymmetrically to the plasma membrane at the leading edge of polarized cells. Spatially regulating Rho GTPases and organizing the leading edge of the cell, PI3Ks and their lipid products could play pivotal roles in establishing leukocyte polarity, as compass molecules that tell the cell where to crawl.
It has been shown in mice that in certain conditions neutrophils have a specific type of migration behaviour referred to as neutrophil swarming during which they migrate in a highly coordinated manner and accumulate and cluster to sites of inflammation.[26]
Anti-microbial functionEdit
Being highly motile, neutrophils quickly congregate at a focus of infection, attracted by cytokines expressed by activated endothelium, mast cells, and macrophages. Neutrophils express[27] and release cytokines, which in turn amplify inflammatory reactions by several other cell types.
In addition to recruiting and activating other cells of the immune system, neutrophils play a key role in the front-line defense against invading pathogens. Neutrophils have three methods for directly attacking micro-organisms: phagocytosis (ingestion), degranulation (release of soluble anti-microbials), and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).[28]
PhagocytosisEdit
Scanning electron micrograph of a neutrophil (yellow) phagocytosing anthrax bacilli (orange). Scale bar is 5 μm.
Neutrophils are phagocytes, capable of ingesting microorganisms or particles. For targets to be recognized, they must be coated in opsonins – a process known as antibody opsonization.[16] They can internalize and kill many microbes, each phagocytic event resulting in the formation of a phagosome into which reactive oxygen species and hydrolytic enzymes are secreted. The consumption of oxygen during the generation of reactive oxygen species has been termed the "respiratory burst", although unrelated to respiration or energy production.
The respiratory burst involves the activation of the enzyme NADPH oxidase, which produces large quantities of superoxide, a reactive oxygen species. Superoxide decays spontaneously or is broken down via enzymes known as superoxide dismutases (Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD), to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to hypochlorous acid (HClO), by the green heme enzyme myeloperoxidase. It is thought that the bactericidal properties of HClO are enough to kill bacteria phagocytosed by the neutrophil, but this may instead be a step necessary for the activation of proteases.[29]
Though neutrophils can kill many microbes, the interaction of neutrophils with microbes and molecules produced by microbes often alters neutrophil turnover. The ability of microbes to alter the fate of neutrophils is highly varied, can be microbe-specific, and ranges from prolonging the neutrophil lifespan to causing rapid neutrophil lysis after phagocytosis. Chlamydia pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been reported to delay neutrophil apoptosis.[30][31][32] Thus, some bacteria – and those that are predominantly intracellular pathogens – can extend the neutrophil lifespan by disrupting the normal process of spontaneous apoptosis and/or PICD (phagocytosis-induced cell death). On the other end of the spectrum, some pathogens such as Streptococcus pyogenes are capable of altering neutrophil fate after phagocytosis by promoting rapid cell lysis and/or accelerating apoptosis to the point of secondary necrosis.[33][34]
DegranulationEdit
Neutrophils also release an assortment of proteins in three types of granules by a process called degranulation. The contents of these granules have antimicrobial properties, and help combat infection. Glitter cells are polymorphonuclear leukocyte neutrophils with granules.[35]
Granule type Protein
Azurophilic granules (or "primary granules") Myeloperoxidase, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), defensins, and the serine proteases neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G
Specific granules (or "secondary granules") Alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, NADPH oxidase, collagenase, lactoferrin, histaminase,[36] and cathelicidin
Tertiary granules Cathepsin, gelatinase, and collagenase
Neutrophil extracellular trapsEdit
In 2004, Brinkmann and colleagues described a striking observation that activation of neutrophils causes the release of web-like structures of DNA; this represents a third mechanism for killing bacteria.[37] These neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) comprise a web of fibers composed of chromatin and serine proteases [38] that trap and kill extracellular microbes. It is suggested that NETs provide a high local concentration of antimicrobial components and bind, disarm, and kill microbes independent of phagocytic uptake. In addition to their possible antimicrobial properties, NETs may serve as a physical barrier that prevents further spread of pathogens. Trapping of bacteria may be a particularly important role for NETs in sepsis, where NETs are formed within blood vessels.[39] Finally, NET formation has been demonstrated to augment macrophage bactericidal activity during infection.[40][41] Recently, NETs have been shown to play a role in inflammatory diseases, as NETs could be detected in preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related inflammatory disorder in which neutrophils are known to be activated.[42] Neutrophil NET formation may also impact cardiovascular disease, as NETs may influence thrombus formation in coronary arteries.[43][44] NETs are now known to exhibit pro-thrombotic effects both in vitro[45] and in vivo.[46][47] More recently, in 2020 NETs were implicated in the formation of blood clots in cases of severe COVID-19.[48]
Clinical significanceEdit
Micrograph showing several neutrophils during an acute inflammation
Low neutrophil counts are termed neutropenia. This can be congenital (developed at or before birth) or it can develop later, as in the case of aplastic anemia or some kinds of leukemia. It can also be a side-effect of medication, most prominently chemotherapy. Neutropenia makes an individual highly susceptible to infections. It can also be the result of colonization by intracellular neutrophilic parasites.
In alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, the important neutrophil elastase is not adequately inhibited by alpha 1-antitrypsin, leading to excessive tissue damage in the presence of inflammation – the most prominent one being emphysema. Negative effects of elastase have also been shown in cases when the neutrophils are excessively activated (in otherwise healthy individuals) and release the enzyme in extracellular space. Unregulated activity of neutrophil elastase can lead to disruption of pulmonary barrier showing symptoms corresponding with acute lung injury.[49] The enzyme also influences activity of macrophages by cleaving their toll-like receptors (TLRs) and downregulating cytokine expression by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB.[50]
In Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a mutation in the pyrin (or marenostrin) gene, which is expressed mainly in neutrophil granulocytes, leads to a constitutively active acute-phase response and causes attacks of fever, arthralgia, peritonitis, and – eventually – amyloidosis.[51]
Hyperglycemia can lead to neutrophil dysfunction. Dysfunction in the neutrophil biochemical pathway myeloperoxidase as well as reduced degranulation are associated with hyperglycemia.[52]
The Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is also used in diagnosis and prognosis. ANC is the gold standard for determining severity of neutropenia, and thus neutropenic fever. Any ANC < 1500 cells / mm3 is considered neutropenia, but <500 cells / mm3 is considered severe.[53] There is also new research tying ANC to myocardial infarction as an aid in early diagnosis.[54][55] Neutrophils promote ventricular tachycardia in acute myocardial infarction.[56]
In autopsy, the presence of neutrophils in the heart or brain is one of the first signs of infarction, and is useful in the timing and diagnosis of myocardial infarction and stroke.
Neutrophils are seen in a myocardial infarction at approximately 12–24 hours,[57] as seen in this micrograph.
In stroke, they are beginning to infiltrate the infarcted brain after 6 to 8 hours.[58]
Neutrophil antigensEdit
There are five (HNA 1–5) sets of neutrophil antigens recognized.[59] The three HNA-1 antigens (a-c) are located on the low affinity Fc-γ receptor IIIb (FCGR3B :CD16b) The single known HNA-2a antigen is located on CD177. The HNA-3 antigen system has two antigens (3a and 3b) which are located on the seventh exon of the CLT2 gene (SLC44A2). The HNA-4 and HNA-5 antigen systems each have two known antigens (a and b) and are located in the β2 integrin. HNA-4 is located on the αM chain (CD11b) and HNA-5 is located on the αL integrin unit (CD11a).
SubpopulationsEdit
Activity of neutrophil-killer and neutrophil-cager in NBT test[60]
Two functionally unequal subpopulations of neutrophils were identified on the basis of different levels of their reactive oxygen metabolite generation, membrane permeability, activity of enzyme system, and ability to be inactivated. The cells of one subpopulation with high membrane permeability (neutrophil-killers) intensively generate reactive oxygen metabolites and are inactivated in consequence of interaction with the substrate, whereas cells of another subpopulation (neutrophil-cagers) produce reactive oxygen species less intensively, don't adhere to substrate and preserve their activity.[60][61][62][63][64] Additional studies have shown that lung tumors can be infiltrated by various populations of neutrophils.[65]
VideoEdit
A rapidly moving neutrophil can be seen taking up several conidia over an imaging time of 2 hours with one frame every 30 seconds.
A neutrophil can be seen here selectively taking up several Candida yeasts (fluorescently labeled in green) despite several contacts with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia (unlabeled, white/clear) in a 3-D collagen matrix. Imaging time was 2 hours with one frame every 30 seconds.
Neutrophils display highly directional amoeboid motility in infected footpad and phalanges. Intravital imaging was performed in the footpad path of LysM-eGFP mice 20 minutes after infection with Listeria monocytogenes.[66]
Additional imagesEdit
Blood cell lineage
More complete lineages
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Neutropenia Information
Absolute Neutrophil Count Calculator
Neutrophil Trace Element Content and Distribution
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text:
Efficiency & Environment, Infrastructure
"Enough is enough" on wind farms, says Lincolnshire Council
A British local council has taken a stand on the number of wind farms being built in their area – because they say it could damage tourism. Lincolnshire County Council […]
A British local council has taken a stand on the number of wind farms being built in their area – because they say it could damage tourism.
Lincolnshire County Council has agreed to restrict where turbines can be built.
The news comes a few months after 101 British MPs sent a letter to Prime Minister David Cameron demanding the UK cut the number of wind farms being built.
Councillor Martin Hill said the number of wind farms could damage the tourism sector: "There's been a proliferation of wind farms across Lincolnshire in recent years and we feel that enough is enough.
"Not only are these things spoiling our beautiful countryside for future generations, they could also seriously damage our tourism industry – who wants to spend their holiday looking at a 400ft turbine?"
Conservative MP for Lincoln Karl McCartney supported the Council: "I strongly feel that the Government should either freeze or decrease the number of wind farms planned for the UK, especially those sited on our green and pleasant land, as I feel that there are many other low carbon alternatives available to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels."
The Council's decision followed a recent High Court ruling that rejected plans for four turbines in Norfolk in favour of conserving the local countryside.
countryside government Karl McCartney Lincolnshire Martin Hill Norfolk Priyanka Shrestha tourism turbine wind farm