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Tuesday, 07 June 2022 12:35 1585 times
Road to Itum-Kali district, Chechnya
The Chechen-Georgian road, the construction of which is warned by every statement made in the Russian Federation at different times, already exists. Only a 200-meter section near the Georgian border is damaged. When was the Itum-Kali-Shatili road built, and in what cases is it possible to have continuous transport traffic between Grozny and Tbilisi at any time of the year? In the last 4 years, how many tens of millions have the Georgian government spent on road rehabilitation from Zhinvali to Shatili? How did the village Pitchvni and an area of up to 1000 hectares, come under Russian control?
Why is Chechnya asking for a way to Georgia?
"This road provides independent exits with neighboring countries - Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran, which have developed transport communication by sea and rail. "Given the situation around our state, this issue is becoming even more important," – stated Muslim Khuchiev, the Chairman of the Government of the Chechen Republic in a meeting with Nikolai Patrushev Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, in Grozny, March 15, 2022.
The Russian Federation is almost completely isolated as a result of sanctions imposed on Ukraine over its invasion and hostilities.
"New challenges are emerging due to the rise of anti-Russian sanctions. "The current geopolitical situation shows the need for government agencies to work harder to find new opportunities to establish new contacts with neighboring countries in order to increase the flow of goods from their territories," Khuchiev says that the Chechen Republic has been actively working for several years to organize the border crossing on its territory in Georgia. "In 2019, Putin was addressed on this issue, to which Vladimir Vladimirovich noted:" This is a good idea, but we do not have a practical plan in the Ministry of Transport yet. There is no doubt about the practicality of its implementation. "
Itum-Kali Highway - Border Post "Arghun" - Georgian border, the length of which, according to Khuchiev, is 41.2 km, meets with 79 km long Grozny-Shatoi - Itum-Kali section of the federal highway:
"This road passes on the border with Georgia in the direction of the village Shatili. Construction of the road began in the 90s, but was halted due to the start of hostilities. Today, a 41.2 km long section is located in the border zone of the Russian Federal Security Service in the Chechen Republic. This road is of great strategic importance for the Russian Federation. I would like to ask you to discuss this issue, to be interested, to invest in this project. Maybe this road is not only free but also done for a fee as an alternative to Upper Lars. "I would like to ask you to consider this as a priority issue of national security at the next meeting of the Security Council and instruct the Russian Ministries of Transport, Foreign Affairs, and Economy, the Federal Security Service to consider this initiative."
Patrushev promised to submit the draft to the Security Council for consideration.
The leaders of the Chechen Republic have repeatedly stated the need to open the road to Georgia.
There is also a technical-economic substantiation of the Grozny-Shatoi-Itum-Kali-border post "Arghun" - Georgian border road.
According to the document, which is dated 2021 and prepared in Russia, the construction of the Grozny-Shatili road may be completed by the end of 2024 and the border checkpoint will be built on the same date.
Including the construction of bridges over the Arghun River, the cost of road reconstruction works is 10 billion rubles ($ 104 million). The document states that the project is impossible to implement without funding from the federal budget. Arguments for road construction include:
Improving the economic situation in the mountainous regions of the Chechen Republic.
Increasing the quality of life of the population.
Strengthening international relations.
Strengthening contacts with the diaspora.
Other changes.
In a live broadcast on Instagram in June 2021, the leader of the Chechen government, Ramzan Kadyrov, said that the construction of a road from Chechnya to Georgia was under discussion: "It's 40-50 minutes from Itum-Kali to Georgia. There used to be a road between us. If we open this road, we will get to Turkey through Georgia, and then to Europe. This is an important road for the North Caucasus, as well as a railway. I think we should open this road in the near future."
The issue of construction of the Grozny-Shatili road, three years ago, once again became topical when the construction of a ski resort in the Chechen village of Veduch began. The village of Veduchi is close to the Georgian border - a 1-hour drive from Shatili. In addition to Veduchi, this area is home to one of the most significant archeological sites in the North Caucasus - Tsoi-Pede, known as the "Dead City" (due to its many terrestrial tombs), from the XV-XVIII centuries. Jarego and other villages are in Itum-Kali district. Here is the highest point of Tuloi-Lami mountain (Georgian - Tebulo mountain) - 4493 meters high, which attracts climbers.
The video of the Chechen vlogger, Magomed Mamushev, in which he introduces us to the "dead city", clearly shows the road from Chechnya to the Georgian border - Shatili.
Kadyrov made one of the first statements about the construction of the Chechen-Georgian road in 2014: "We plan to build both a road and a railway in Georgia. The government is working on it now. "According to him, until now, the implementation of this project was hindered by the former President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili.
History of the Chechen-Georgian road
The construction of a road from Itum-Kali to Shatili was started by the Chechen government in 1997. By that time, the first Russo-Chechen war (1994-96) had already ended, with 100,000 civilians killed, twice as many wounded, and half a million displaced. Russian special services have killed the first president of Chechnya, Jokhar Dudayev. In early 1997, Ichkeria's majority elected Aslan Maskhadov president. In the summer of the same year, a Chechen delegation led by Maskhadov arrived in Georgia, hosted by President Eduard Shevardnadze. Maskhadov and Shevardnadze also arrived in the Pankisi Gorge, where ethnic Kists live.
Chechnya is bordered by the Russian Federation on all three sides - the Stavropol Territory to the north, Dagestan to the east, North Ossetia and Ingushetia to the west. It has an independent state only in the south – Georgia. Shatili is the only border, which was not under Russian jurisdiction.
The government of Ichkeria built the road from Itum-Kali to Shatili in two years and reached Anatori (village near Shatili - at the confluence of the Arghun valley and Andakistskali). At that time, the actual border between Georgia and Chechnya was at the Alako gorge, the Chechens also had a small post there. From Anatori to Alako gorge, about 1000 hectares, including Pitchvni population, were controlled by Georgia.
Even before the start of the second Chechen war, Tbilisi demanded the cessation of road construction in Grozny. By that time, the criminal situation in Chechnya had already deteriorated sharply. At the same time, Russia demanded from Georgia to establish a joint commandant's office in Khevsureti. Russia explained this request by the fact that terrorism suspects did not cross from Chechnya to Georgia. During the same period, the Russian authorities sent three letters to the Georgian government requesting consent to the construction of the Dagestan-Georgia (Beshta-Akhalsopeli-Kvareli) road. Russia has rejected all demands from the Georgian side.
In September 1999, the Second Russia-Chechnya War broke out. About 8,000 refugees entered Georgia from Chechnya, almost half of them in the Arghun gorge by freshly cut machinery.
"A lot of people came in, mostly civilians, who came to Shatili in their cars or on foot. In Khevsureti they met other transport and from there, they moved to Tbilisi and Pankisi. I remember it was the late fall-winter period. There was little water in the river. In Arghun, cars were able to get out of the water directly without a bridge," said Shota Arabuli, a resident of Khevsureti.
Soon the Russian military moved the actual border from the Alako gorge and stood a few hundred meters from the Anatori.
How Pitchvni came under Russian control
Karua Zviadauri, 87, is one of the last inhabitants of Pitchvni. When refugees from Chechnya began to enter Shatili, she was still in Pitchvni with her husband. The border guards from the Shatili sector of the Georgian Border Guard Service warned the couple to leave the village and return to Shatili:
"Rooms, bed, flour, hay supplied for winter. There were Russians, bombing the Kists. So poor Kists, used to sleep in cattle-shed.
The Pitchvni was a good place, the boundary between us and the Kists. We used to go in the fall and come in the spring, May three, four, so on. We had a pasture, man, it was a pasture and we were making hay there. Nor did we fight the Kists until it came to the Russians. Then they got angry and so did we.
The place was called Alako. It was owned by Kists. Pitchvni , meadow, pasture, and ravine were ours.
Jarego is the first village beyond Alako, no one has lived there for a long time", - after February 2000, the Shatilions did not set foot in Pitchvni. Cattle-sheds and small houses built for housing have collapsed. They can hardly be seen even on maps.
Just below the Pitchvni is now the border post "Arghun", which is under the control of the Russian Federal Security Service. On the map, the Georgian-Russian border runs through Pitchvni here, near the upper Anatori (Mutso turn). The ancient shrine of Khevsureti - the icon of Anatori - remained on the Russian side.
"Mtis Ambebi" requested information from the Border Police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, from which year Pitchvni came under Russian control; Where the Georgian Border Police checkpoint / sector was located; Under what conditions did the Russian military occupy this part of Khevsureti and where Russia now has a border post built, is it Georgian territory or not.
The Border Police provided us with public information in violation of the law, only after we had lodged an administrative complaint.
Giorgi Malania, Deputy Chief of the Border Police, answers that the village of Pitchvni (or Pitchvebi) cannot be located in the cartographic materials of the Georgian Border Police.
"As for the historical context of the issue, it goes beyond the competence of the border police. "The Shatili checkpoint / sector was located near the village of Shatili, the location has not changed and it is still functioning," the letter reads.
What really happened: On May 19, 1999, experts from the State Border Delimitation and Demarcation Commission of the Russian Federation arrived in Tbilisi. The working meeting was held at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia and lasted for 2 days. On May 21, experts from both sides signed a protocol, according to which Pitchvni belonged to Russia.
Gela Khutsishvili worked as the Deputy Chairman of the State Department of Border Protection of Georgia in 1997-2002. "Jansug Kekelia, a well-known cartographer and member of the commission, was not present at this meeting of experts. They did not go to the field, so they made a decision that is not final, but then, when the Russians crossed the border, they were guided by this protocol. In fact, the border was set beyond Pitchvni, 1.5 km from the confluence of the Arghun and Andak rivers. Such irresponsible and careless actions of the experts created the situation that we lost up to 1000 hectares of territory. This document was drawn up in the form of a protocol and sent to the Border Department, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Parliamentary Committee on Defense and Security. On December 28, 1999, when I arrived in Shatili on a business trip, I was guided by an old document that demarcated the border to 1.5 miles. I also set up a guard group near the Pitchvni tree, near Koba Chincharauli's house, consisting of 7 guards. The Russians were standing there, here we are. The situation was similar near the ridge of the village Mutso, there is a small section.
Unfortunately, time passed and it turned out that this document was a guide for Russia. They demanded the restoration of the status quo in accordance with this protocol, which was also signed by our experts. Later, they occupied this height because of the passage from here to the valley of Asa, to Arkhot. We retreated and stood at the confluence of the Andak and Arghun rivers, losing control as well.
The Georgian side accused me that if I had not set up a checkpoint, the Russians would not have come to Maketi. We removed this checkpoint in a month. Our border guards could be endangered by the Russians there because we were standing there illegally and the basis for this protocol was. After the withdrawal of our guards, in March 2000, the territory was occupied by the Russians.
Before the guards were taken out, Koba Chincharauli, who lived there, was seriously ill. He could not be transported. I took the helicopter, which was supposed to take me from Khevsureti to Tbilisi, near Koba's apartment and we took Him.I warned Russian that we were in the air, lest something misunderstood happen. A criminal case has been launched on this, alleging that Gela Khutsishvili exceeded his rights and duties and invaded Russian territory. "Then the case was stopped, but first I was transferred to the staff and then I was released."
There are several arguments why the Georgian side experts should not have signed the protocol by which we attributed Pitchvni to the Russian Federation:
Joint land use in Khevsureti. They have a continuous, centuries-old tradition of nomadism. Due to the small size of the land, the residents of Shatili, who owned cattle, moved to Atsekhi, Pitchvni, and Mutsoschala for winter living, where they had cattle-sheds, and from the surrounding pastures, they stocked hay for the winter. The people of Ardoti still live like this, they are in Ardoti in summer, in late autumn they move three kilometers beyond Bakho to the right side of Andakistskali and take the goods there. Khevsureti people have chosen such places for wintering, even in winter, when the day is short, the sun is shining and the snow melts soon. Such places are more convenient for agricultural activities.
The 1929 Resolution of the Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the Soviet Union, which established several sections of the Russian-Georgian border, including Pitchvni and its environs. According to the coordinates given in the resolution, this territory belongs to Georgia.
The document could not be located in the archives of Georgia. It became available to the Georgian side in 1998 when the Georgian-Russian sides were discussing the issue of the village of Aibga in Abkhazia. Aibga is a village in the Gagra municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and the Sochi region of the Krasnodar Krai of the Russian Federation. The village is located on both banks of the river Psou. The Russian side believed that the above-mentioned resolution of the CEC would resolve the dispute over the Aibga issue in favor of Russia.
Iveri Melashvili, former head of the Department of Neighborhood Delimitation, Demarcation and Border Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, a former member of the Commission, and head of the group of experts, confirms that after receiving this resolution, the Georgian Foreign Ministry sent a note to the Russian Federation regarding Pitchvni.
"According to the maps published during the Soviet era, Pitchvni was on the side of the Russian Federation, however, according to the land use materials, including the land use map, it was in our use. After getting acquainted with the 1929 resolution of the CEC, which in its time could not be found, unfortunately, was not in our archives, Georgia appealed to the Russian Federation regarding the Pitchvni, that this issue is still under discussion. Until diplomatic relations with Russia were severed and delimitation commissions worked, this section was not agreed upon at that time, and it is still the case."
The total length of the land section of the state border of Georgia is 1839 kilometers. From here - 275 km with Turkey, 224 km with Armenia, 446 km with Azerbaijan and 894 km with the Russian Federation. Border delimitation Demarcation we have completed only with Turkey.
Shatili Road
Following the resumption of the Chechen-Georgian road, the Georgian Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure issued a statement: "Georgia has never considered, nor will it consider, the construction of any road connecting Chechnya. "The issue of road construction has never been on the agenda of the Georgian side and, therefore, any information about it is false."
Shota Utiashvili, an expert at the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies and former head of the Information-Analytical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, also believes that Georgia does not need the Chechen-Georgian road and that it is not acceptable to the Russian government either:
"The more isolated Chechnya is, the better for Russia. Dagestanis and Chechens with whom I have had contact in recent years think the same. They say that the road to Georgia will be good, but the Russian government will not build this road for us.
I do not think that the Georgian government, even this government, needs this way of doing things. Especially against the background that we are spending hundreds of millions of dollars to improve Lars Road. We are building Kvesheti-Kobi tunnel and it is one of the most expensive projects that has been implemented. Consequently, if we spend so much money here, both the Dagestan project and the Chechen project, to put the political part aside, it would be costly and technically difficult. I do not think anyone has the money or the political will to do this.
Now, in this situation, when Russia is under sanctions and it seems that as long as Putin is there, the sanctions will not be lifted. Neither the World Bank nor any donor will fund this path. The Georgian government will not be able to finance this road, even if it wants to, we do not have enough money. All our road construction is funded by international donors, some with grants and mostly loans. Nobody will finance it, and also it would be madness to invest extra money in developing economic relations with Russia."
Zhinvali, from where the Shatili road starts, is 54 kilometers from Tbilisi. It is 100 kilometers from Zhinvali to Shatili. For years the road was very damaged, narrow, and dirt. In some sections, the two cars could not even pass each other. The journey from Tbilisi to Shatili took 5-6 hours, now it is possible to go in 3.5-4 hours.
The Government of Georgia started the rehabilitation of the Zhinvali-Barisakho-Shatili road with the funding of the state budget and the World Bank in 2018 and spent more than 59 million GEL. As part of the rehabilitation, the road was widened, asphalt and concrete pavement was laid for 60 kilometers, 17 new bridges were built and five were rehabilitated. Several bridges were damaged due to antiquity. However
The parameters of the newly built bridges (width, durability) made even the residents of Khevsureti doubt that the improvement of this road was not only for the safe transportation of them and the tourists.
Moreover, in some villages of Shatili, where people live permanently or for at least 7-8 months, they do not have a car road at all - they never had it in Khakhaboschala and Archilo, but in Andak and Khone the river took them years ago and the government did not take care of it. The Khevsureti, who are left stranded, carry the product on horseback and on their backs, through pedestrian bridges over the rivers, at any time that may collapse and be swept away by the water.
The highway connecting Shatili was built in the 1970s and runs through Datvisjvari Pass, at 2677 meters above sea level. The pass section starts from the village of Khakhmati and ends in Lebaiskari. Due to heavy snowfall and avalanche danger, the pass is closed at the end of November and will not be opened until mid-April, until May. Locked up to 5 months a year. In winter it is possible to go to Khevsureti by helicopter. A Border Police helicopter flies once every two weeks to change the guards. In bad weather, when it is cloudy, strong winds and visibility is difficult, there is no flight. In such a case, if a person becomes ill in Khevsureti and needs emergency medical care, they have the only doctor, Mikheil Chincharauli, without medical equipment.
In Pirikita Khevsureti, on the Shatili side, there are still several villages permanently living - up to 30 people in Shatili, 9 in Mutso, 2 in Ardot, 1 in Andak, 8 in Khone, 2 in Khakhabo. In winter, the fact that the rest of Georgia is separated for 5-6 months is one of the main reasons for the evacuation of Khevsureti.
To prevent the road to Shatili from being closed due to heavy snow and avalanche danger, the solution is to cut a 5-6 km tunnel from Khakhmati to Lebaiskara under Datvisjvari Pass. "Mtis Ambebi" requested information from the Roads Department of Georgia on whether there is a tunnel project under the Datvisjvari. We have not received a written answer yet, but we were told there was no tunnel project during the telephone conversation.
Chechneti
Georgia Chechnya road
Pitchvni
Gela Mtivlishvili
Editor at mtisambebi.ge, a lawyer by education. Gela works on topics related to human rights, ethnic minorities, conflict zones and terrorism. E-mail: Mtivlishvili@gmail.com


Here is an extraordinary text. It is a critical and insightful examination by insiders and outsiders from an inter-disciplinary perspective of one early childhood programme – Foxhill and Parson Cross Sure Start. It has set a new standard for programme evaluations.
Learning from Sure Start explains in clear detail the processes of undertaking evaluation and research, critically reports findings, discusses issues and candidly identifies problems and lessons learnt. The maxim of "No mistakes – no learning" guides the honesty that is as plain as the nose on your face in this text.


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The treatment of immigrants in Europe highlights the physical nature of boundaries.' Evaluate this statement.
DD103 Investigating the social world
'The treatment of immigrants in Europe highlights the physical nature of boundaries.' Evaluate this statement.
In April 2006, over 200 migrants were returned to Turkey. This was part of the plan of Europe to stem the entry of immigrants into the region. Europe has experienced the entry of more refugees from across the world. In 2015, the number of asylum claims to the EU increased to 1.2 million, a number that exceeds international expectations. More immigrants have been entering the region prompting the European nations to take various actions to control the trend including the use of more fixed and physical boundaries particularly detention centres and building of border fences to control entry of migrants. The strategies have been effective in reducing the number of immigrants in Europe indicating the weakness of the statement that 'The treatment of immigrants in Europe highlights the physical nature of boundaries.' However, the more fixed and physical boundaries have led to unjust treatment of the immigrants, indicating the strength of the statement.
Use of detention to control entry of immigrants into Europe is a form of a more fixed and physical nature of boundaries. Across Europe, migrants are held in detention centres for various reasons including lack of a visa, after submission of an asylum, or while awaiting deportation. The detention is supposed to be an administrative process but not a criminal procedure. Europe uses these centres to control their borders, a form of physical boundary form where the movement of the migrants is curtailed (Grant, 2011). Migrants in the centres are treated unjustly considering that the centres have a feel of a prison. The entries of the centres are usually barred with a strict schedule to follow. While some centres are clean others are totally unsuitable for humans. While in the centres, migrants cannot communicate with their families. Lack of money to call family members leads to a lack of a proper support system. The detainees lack a common language making it challenging to communicate with authorities. This affects their cases (Grant, 2011). They are less informed about their immigration cases. Some lack proper response from authorities with some authorities being dishonest and ignoring facts to have the migrants deported.
Research shows that the majority of detainees suffer from mental and physical ailments such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and loss of appetite. Instead of being protected by the authorities in the centres, migrants experience threatening behaviour. Detainees are usually under constant surveillance by the authorities making them fear for personal safety. Some are forced to cooperate with the process or face a longer detention period. Reporting such threats is impossible as it would affect their cases negatively (Puthoopparambil et al., 2015). When it comes to hygiene, the toilets and bathroom are usually in poor condition and sometimes they are unavailable. The available food is only enough to prevent starvation but is usually of low quality and quantity. The use of detention centres in Europe is a form of physical form of boundary, a system that lacks justice (Puthoopparambil et al., 2015). Instead of helping the detainees to be released from the centres, authorities focus on deporting them. This leaves then powerless over their life.
The use of border walls in Europe as a means to control entry of immigrants illustrates a more fixed and physical nature of boundaries. Many countries in the region have endorsed the building of walls and fences including borders such as Macedonia-Greece, Austria-Italy, and Hungary-Serbia. This is similar to approach taken by the US including the building of the US-Mexico wall. The approach is aimed at curbing migration into Europe (Jones, 2016). Greece for instance completed a 6.5 mile border fence to keep away immigrants. The border with Turkey was a major entry point for immigrants from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia (Besant, 2012). Many governments have managed to reduce the number of illegal immigrants by building the border fences. However, such measures have only diverted people trying to enter Europe to more dangerous routes. These fences have also denied asylum-seekers their right to a fair and efficient asylum procedure (Jones, 2016). Asylum seekers have a right to seek shelter according to the European Law. However, the fences are unjust as they deprive them of the right.
Some of the erected barriers require that people provide passports to reach the checkpoint. However, most refugees lack such documents and are therefore blocked from accessing points where they can seek asylum. Additionally, security guards make it harder for people to seek asylum in addition to abusing, robbing, beating, and eventually dumping them back known as push-back (Jones, 2016). Turning people back is a form of injustice as it denies vulnerable people an opportunity to seek protection. Additionally, the building of fences causes legal immigrants in Europe to be treated unjustly. The fencing implies that the outside world is a problem. This affects the relationship between majority and minority in Europe hindering the assimilation and integration of legal migrants. This indicates that physical border fences are prone to causing harmful side effects (Jones, 2016). The borders are also used as a form of discrimination against some migrants. For example, while the borders prevent some immigrants from entering Europe, other migrants are allowed to enter the region such as the Polish migrants supported by the Schengen Agreement.
While the statement that 'The treatment of immigrants in Europe highlights the physical nature of boundaries' has its strengths, it has a weakness. The statement ignores the positive role that the control of immigrants in Europe through a more fixed and physical boundary have played in reducing the number of people migrating into the region (Besant, 2012). Europe seeks to control illegal immigrants into the region while legal migrants are allowed in. The control prevents the entry of criminals into the region who can take advantage of the migration policies putting the lives of Europeans in danger. Through the physical boundaries, Europe can prevent such entries improving the security of the region. Immigrants have positive impacts on host countries including enhancing the economy. However, having some control measures through physical boundaries is essential for home countries in preventing loss of talents and also for host countries on preventing entry of criminals especially during this period that terrorism is a major global concern (Besant, 2012).
It is clear that more fixed and physical boundaries have potential for addressing the influx of immigrants. However, the boundaries should not be applied in a manner that will harm people wishing to immigrate to other nations. Immigrants are beneficial to the host countries in various ways most especially in promoting economic development. Countries should therefore seek to support them. Some immigrants are pushed to new regions by poor living conditions, political crisis, and wars. Host countries should therefore seek to help them as humans rather than causing them more harm. The use of detention centres and building of border walls, that is, the physical boundaries provides only a short-term solution to the entry of immigrants in Europe and hence the statement that 'The treatment of immigrants in Europe highlights the physical nature of boundaries.' The approaches have promoted injustice treatment against immigrants. Europe should seek alternative strategies to address the issue of immigrants in the region. Strategies that will promote just treatment of immigrants and at the same time prevent entry of criminals in the name of migrants.
(1213 words)
Besant, A. (2012). Greece completes border wall to keep out immigrants. Public Radio International. Retrieved on July 20, 2018 from https://www.pri.org/stories/2012-12- 17/greece-completes-border-wall-keep-out-immigrants
Grant, S. (2011). Immigration Detention: Some Issues of Inequality. The Equal Rights Review, Vol.7, pp. 69-82.
Jones, R. (2016). Borders and Walls: Do Barriers Deter Unauthorized Migration? Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved on July 20, 2018 from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/borders-and-walls-do-barriers-deter- unauthorized-migration
Puthoopparambil, S., Ahlberg, B., & Bjerneld, M. (2015). A prison with extra flavours": experiences of immigrants in Swedish immigration detention centres. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp.73-85
In the mid-1860s and late 20th century, Amethe rica experienced major immigration waves.
MSM Assessment: Nike

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ok, first thing to say today is that I can't get my pictures to download. This is due to the slow and spotty internet connection right now and I will post them when I can get them to download.
Today we did a walking tour of historic Cartagena. We started off by meeting our guide, Victor Menendez. He gave us nametags to wear that said "vicmen" so he could keep track of us. He said it was shorter then Victor Menendez! He repeatedly expressed his appreciation on behalf of his country that we chose to visit. He said that they are honored to have us here.
Cartagena is a city on the northern coast of Colombia. Its colonial walled city and fortress were named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984.
First we saw the Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas, the greatest fortress ever built by the Spaniards in their colonies and the largest in the Americas. It was finished in 1639 and took 30 years to build. It sits high on top of San Lazaro hill. The fortress was never penetrated and it has a system of tunnels that were constructed in such a way that the footsteps of an approaching enemy could be heard. The Spanish were very smart in their ideas to protect the city. There are 23 forts and the city is protected by walls. The walls are of different heights depending on the area they are protecting. At the area of the sea, the walls are quite low since the water was too shallow for boats to land. Now, they wish they were higher as the sea level rises and parts of the town flood.
Many vendors tried to sell us hats, jewelry, etc, and there were many brightly dressed women with pans of fruit balanced on their heads. They, of course wanted you to take their pictures for $1. American money is widely accepted here.
We went inside the walled city and walked through beautiful streets with homes that had lovely balconies. In this area of the old town, Victor told us that these homes can sell for up to $10 million US dollars! We saw the cathedral and the Governors building which used to be the headquarters of the Spanish government. We also saw the statue of Simon Bolivar in the park and the statue of Columbus in another square.
Not a bad place to live if you have 10 million dollars!
The visit to the Inquisition Palace was definitely an eye opener. The inquisition, which lasted over 200 years, was an effort by the Catholics to get rid of any non believers, especially those who were thought to be witches – also Jews. We learned about the various methods of torture, as the intent was slow death. The number of deaths is listed as very small but there were many that they called "accidents" and not deaths due to the torture. I took pictures of some of the instruments of torture and shuddered when Victor explained them.
I wouldn't want this around MY neck….
I was looking for a type of fabric that consists of many pieces down carefully together, apparently a dying art here, and just before we had to go back to our ship, I did find two pieces. Not the blouse I was looking for, but very nice.
The ship left for the Panama Canal at 2 PM so we had a relatively short day in Cartagena. We were told about potential theft but we did not encounter any problems and never saw any drug peddlers either!
Tonight we got an invitation to have dinner with Victor Conceicao, the general manager on board. We know him from our previous cruise and really enjoy spending time with him, so we are looking forward to it.
Tomorrow we will be going through the Panama Canal, and we have learned a lot about it from the enrichment lectures. It will be our second time through the canal, the first was almost 20 years ago so we are looking forward to it. Hope I can get some good shots and can post them!
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Enjoy the Panama – always exciting.


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NTUC FairPrice Foundation donates $1 million food vouchers to needy families in conjunction with inaugural "FairPrice Walks With U" event
-5,000 participants flagged off by DPM Teo Chee Hean, NTUC FairPrice and NTUC FairPrice Foundation Chairman Mr Ng Ser Miang, and IOC President Dr Jacques Rogge
Some 5,000 participants and 1,000 NTUC FairPrice staff, together with their families, business partners and associates, took part in NTUC FairPrice's inaugural walking event, "FairPrice Walks With U" today at Marina Barrage. The event is organised to promote healthy lifestyle and family bonding among Singaporeans.
To celebrate the inaugural occasion, NTUC FairPrice and NTUC FairPrice Foundation Chairman Mr Ng Ser Miang handed over a cheque for $1 million worth of FairPrice food vouchers to Guest-of-Honour, Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) Teo Chee Hean at the event. The donation will help low-income families with their daily needs as part of the FairPrice Food Voucher Scheme.
The FairPrice Foundation had initially pledged to donate $100 in food vouchers for each registered participant in this event, which amounts to $500,000. However with all 5,000 slots taken up, the Foundation decided to double the donation instead to $1 million.
Mr Ng Ser Miang, Chairman of NTUC FairPrice and NTUC FairPrice Foundation said, "FairPrice is privileged to organise this event that not only promotes family and community bonding in a fun and healthy walk, but also provides participants with the chance to do their part for the less fortunate. In response to the overwhelming support, FairPrice Foundation has decided to double our commitment from $500,000 to $1 million to help low-income families with their daily needs."
The FairPrice Food Voucher Scheme provides vouchers for needy families to purchase daily essentials through grassroots organisations (GROs) of all 87 constituencies in Singapore. More than 20,000 needy families and individuals benefit from this scheme each year.
FairPrice has been working with grassroots organisations and welfare organisations in assisting lower income families to meet their daily needs through the FairPrice Food Voucher scheme since 2002. To date, the Foundation has contributed $11 million worth of FairPrice vouchers to the FairPrice Food Voucher Scheme.
Mr Andy Lee, father of two and popular family blogger was thrilled to enjoy a family outing while contributing to a good cause: "Attending any event for a good cause is always a great feeling but to be able to double up as a family bonding opportunity was really special. My children had a great time, especially with the entertainment stations en-route. I would definitely welcome more of such events."
FairPrice Walks With U
In line with the event's objective of promoting greater family bonding and healthy living, the event attracted participants of all ages from all walks of life. FairPrice Chairman Mr Ng Ser Miang, DPM Teo, and IOC President Dr. Jacques Rogge, who was in town for the IOC Athletes Forum, flagged off the participants at exactly 8am this morning, with the PSI level well below the 24hr average of 100.
The participants started their scenic 4km walk at the Barrage and made their way towards the Gardens By The Bay (East), right next to the Marina Bay Golf Course, against the backdrop of some of Singapore's most famous landmarks such as the Singapore Flyer, Marina Bay Sands and the iconic Cloud Forest and Flower Dome at the Gardens by the Bay.
There were also various entertainment stations along the walking route and carnival activities such as balloon sculpting and a children's art corner to keep the crowd entertained.
Commenting on the walk, Mr Tan Kian Chew, Group CEO of NTUC FairPrice said, "We are delighted with the turnout for the inaugural FairPrice Walks With U event. We have been monitoring the haze situation over the past week and decided that we should make every effort to allow the event to go on if the PSI level is within healthy levels, as we know that many of the participants are looking forward to it.
"It is fantastic that FairPrice has this event to promote family bonding and to help the poor. We hope to grow this event into one of the marquee walking events in the calendar, and something that Singaporeans can look forward to taking part in each year."


text:
Chase & Status - "Blind Faith" ft Liam Bailey (Trolley Snatcha Remix) | New Music
Trolley Snatcha is fast becoming my favourite dubstep producer/remixer, I loved what he did to Kano's Spaceship (Listen Here).
Peep his remix for Chase & Status' forthcoming single "Blind Faith" featuring Liam Bailey, turn up the volume (and insure your speaker system/headphones) and enjoy.
"Blind Faith" is available on the 23rd January, Pre-order on iTunes.
by Verse
Chase & Status 'No More Idols' Tour - March 2011 | Event Preview
Production duo Chase & Status, comprised of Saul "Chase" Milton and Will "Status" Kennard, tour the UK this March in promotion of their upcoming album, No More Idols (released 31st January). No More Idols follows their debut release, More Than A Lot, and features Cee Lo Green, Liam Bailey, Maverick Sabre, Plan B, Dizzee Rascal, Tinie Tempah and Tempa T.
The tour features support from rising songstress/DJ Yasmin and producer/DJ Redlight, and hit's London's Roundhouse on 11th March.
9th March: Southampton Guildhall, Southampton
10th March: Cambridge Corn Exchange, Cambridge
11th March: The Roundhouse, London
12th March: Yeovil, Westlands
13th March: Nottingham Rock City, Nottingham
15th March: Bristol O2 Academy, Bristol
17th March: Glasgow ABC, Glasgow (Scotland)
18th March: Leeds O2 Academy, Leeds
19th March: Manchester Academy, Manchester
Tickets start at £15 + booking fee and are available HERE. Visit Chase & Status' website: www.chaseandstatus.co.uk
by Tahirah Edwards Byfield
Chase & Status sophomore LP 'No More Idols' to feature Cee Lo, Plan B, Dizzee Rascal, Liam Bailey & more
Gearing up for their sophomore release, Brit production due Chase & Status have announced a tantalising line-up of guest features for their latest album, No More Idols.
Due for release next month, Cee Lo Green, Liam Bailey, Maverick Sabre, Plan B, Dizzee Rascal, Tinie Tempah and Tempa T are among those set to feature on the 15-track follow up project to the dubstep producers' 2008 debut, More Than A Lot.
Out on January 31st, 2011 via Mercury Records, No More Idols is available for pre-order on iTunes, HMV and Play.
'Team UK' hype aside, a release to be genuinely excited by; beats guaranteed.
No More Idols Tracklist: Read more
by M. Gosho Oakes
Chase & Status ft Liam Bailey - "Blind Faith" | Official Video
Chase & Status and Liam Bailey bring back '90s rave culture with this video for their latest single "Blind Faith" from their forthcoming album No More Idols.
Blind Faith is out January 24th
Chase & Status Ft. Liam Bailey – Blind Faith (Tagged) | New Music
Premiered last night on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show, here is the latest offering from Chase & Status, featuring the vocal talents of Liam Bailey. The track is lifted from No More Idols, which is out January 31st (pre-order here).
[Spotted @ RWD]
Chase & Status ft. Tempa T - "Hypest Hype" | Free DL
Just a little heads up, my bass-loving junkies...
Featuring Tempa T's roars on the mic, Chase & Status' [unofficial ADHD anthem] "Hypest Hype" has finally been made available to the public free of charge >> DOWNLOAD HERE.
Kano - "Spaceship" | Official Video
Brand new video for "Spaceship" which is Kano's 2nd official single from the Immense Method To The Maadness.
Produced by Chase & Status, this song is my personal favourite from Kano's 4th album release that came out a few month's ago.
That Jeremy Scott x Adidas tracksuit is a NEXT TING!! Apparently there are only 2 in the entire world... Pharrell has the other one.
MAADNESS!
Chase & Status ft Tempa T - "Hypest Hype" | New Music
Lord Have Mercy!
Now... I'm sitting here riddled with flu germs trying to destroy my life...
I couldn't help but get out of my bed to skank out to the latest banger from Chase & Status who have recruited the hypest man on the grime scene right now Tempa T who brings his own unique style to this already speaker destroying monster.
Turn your speakers all the way up.
"Hypest Hype" will be available for free download from www.chaseandstatus.co.uk from the 8th of November.
Chase & Status Ft. Mali - "Let You Go" | Official Video
Brand new visuals for for the new single from Chase & Status - 'Let You Go' feat. Mali which will be released on 15th August.
The narrative in this video captures exactly how I feel that most TV talk show personalities (Jeremy Kyle, Jerry Springer etc) who strive off the mistakes and problems of others in a high and mighty way probably are in real life.
Take a peek.
Kano Unveils Method To The Maadness Album Cover + Tracklist
Fresh out of the inbox is the cover of Method To The Maadness - Kano's forthcoming fourth album set for release on August 30th via Bigger Picture Music, featuring the club smash "Get Wild" (Peep the video directed by SoulCulture's very own Versetti) and forthcoming single "Upside".
After a few days of listening to this album on repeat we can 100% tell you this album is a winner. With features and production from Hot Chip, Chase & Status, Boys Noize, Wiley, Vybz Kartel, Diplo and Damon Albarn, this is set to be Kano's best LP to date.
1. 2 Left: Topic Of Discussion (produced by Boys Noize)
2. Get Wild ft Aidonia & Wiley (produced by Boys Noize)
3. iPod Generation (produced by Kano)
4. MAAD (produced by Kano & Fraser T Smith)
5. Spaceship (produced by Chase & Status)
6. Upside ft Michelle Breeze (produced by Craigie Dodds)
7. All + All Together ft Hot Chip (produced by Hot Chip)
8. Lady Killer ft Ghetts (produced by Hot Chip)
9. Bassment (produced by A13)
10. Crazy (produced by Boys Noize)
11. Slaves ft Why Why Peaches (produced by Craigie Dodds)
12. Jenga ft Vybz Kartel (produced by Boys Noize & Diplo)
13. Dark Days (produced by Craigie Dodds)
Chase & Status ft Mali - "Let You Go" | New Music
Unveiled on Zane Lowe's radio 1 show as the record of the week here is the brand new joint from Chase & Status featuring a new vocalist by the name of Mali, "Let You Go" will probably have Chase & Status purists cursing them the ufck out but I think this will be an absolute smash.
Listen and let us know your thoughts.
Chase & Status x Dizzee Rascal - "Heavy" (Radio Rip)
LISTEN TO THE EXPLICIT CDQ VERSION HERE
GODDAAAMMNNNIIIITTTTTT!!!!
Just unleashed by Zane Lowe & Mistajam on Radio 1/1xtra is this monster by Chase & Status with Dizzee Rascal. I haven't heard Dizzee spit like this for years.. the 3rd verse on this is intense! Added to the extremely ubérdope Pull Up riddim by Chase & Status... Headgone music!!
TURN UP THE BASS & LISTEN HERE!
[audio:http://soulculture.com/02 Heavy.mp3]
>>FREELOAD<<
Nicki Minaj x Chase & Status "Saxon" (New Music)
Young Money artist Nicki Minaj takes on UK superproducers Chase & Status' dubstep anthem "Saxon" - a reference track for Rihanna that never made it onto Rated R. Chase & Status have had an amazing year so far scoring a top ten track in the UK and production on Rihanna, Jay-Z and Roc Nation's first UK artist Rita Ora projects.
I would have loved to hear Nicki Minaj actually rap on this but to be honest it grew on me and I can't stop listening to it.
Rappers on Dubstep? Yay or Nay? What are your thoughts?
[audio:http://soulculture.com/Saxon - YoungMoneyHQ.com.mp3]
FREELOAD courtesy YoungMoneyHQ
ALBUM REVIEW: Rihanna - Rated R
It's been a highly publicised turbulent year for Robyn 'Rihanna' Fenty, with her assault in February catapulting her into a strange place of sensationalised super stardom that even her mega-hit "Umbrella" didn't garner. But whilst she has been ever-present on blogs and gossip pages, she didn't utter a word on record and her silence transcended into music; we didn't hear so much as a leaked interlude until very recently.
Rihanna didn't talk until the promotional engine was in motion, leading many to regard Rated R as the aural response to her relationship with Chris Brown. Read more
NEW VIDEO: Rihanna - "Wait Your Turn (The Wait Is Ova)"
Another Chase & Status produced single from R&B's fiercest - taken from Rihanna's forthcoming album Rated R.
Spotted on DJ Semtex's blog
NEW MUSIC: Rihanna - "Russian Roulette"
[audio:http://soulculture.com/Rihanna-Russian_Roulette.mp3]
Have a listen to "Russian Roulette" - premiered today, it is the first single from Rihanna's fourth album, Rated R.
Penned by Ne-Yo, "Russian Roulette" was produced by UK-based duo Chase & Status, known for their work on the drum n bass scene but steadily approaching international attention on a much bigger scale for their varied work on, amongst other things, forthcoming Roc Nation projects including new albums from Rihanna and Rita Ora. We're watching this space...


text:
Tropical Storm Andrea lifts the curtain on Atlantic hurricane season
Wednesday Jun 5, 2013 4:27 PM
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Reuters
Tropical Storm Andrea is the first storm of what's predicted to be a busy 2013 Atlantic hurricane season.
By M. Alex Johnson, staff writer, NBC News
Most of Florida's Gulf Coast was under the first tropical storm warning of the year Wednesday as a storm named Andrea debuted the 2013 Atlantic hurricane season.
The storm is expected to hit the west coast of Florida on Thursday and then move northeast. NBC's Brian Williams reports.
The warning extended all the way up the state, from Boca Grande off the southern tip of the Florida peninsula to the Ochlockonee River in the panhandle. A less urgent tropical storm watch was in effect up the rest of the East Coast from Flagler, Fla., to Surf City, N.C.
A tropical storm warning means that tropical storm conditions are likely in the next 36 hours; a watch means they're possible in the next 48 hours.
Andrea was parked in the Gulf of Mexico about 300 miles southwest of Tampa, Fla., creeping along at 3 to 5 mph with maximum winds of 40 mph, the National Hurricane Center said. Tropical storm force winds extended outward up to 140 miles.
The center of the storm was expected to reach the Big Bend — the sharp left turn where the peninsula turns into the panhandle — sometime Thursday afternoon or evening.
Follow @NBCNewsUS
Andrea's then expected to wash over southeastern Georgia and eastern South Carolina this weekend.
Forecasters for The Weather Channel said a combination of wind shear in the upper atmosphere and dry air on the west side of the system was trapping the heaviest winds on Andrea's east side. That means the main concern will be very heavy rainfall through Friday.
Full coverage of Andrea on Weather.com
Several inches of rain could cause localized flooding across the Florida peninsula, with a chance of isolated tornadoes if the right conditions develop, forecasters said. Along the Alabama coast, swimmers were told to be on the lookout for dangerous rip currents.
Hurricane season likely to be 'extremely active,' say meteorologists


text:
Q: How to use lambda in MathML I'm using MathML as a compute engine and symbol manipulator and I'm interested in the power of the <lambda/> element. I'd appreciate examples of this being using for computation, or indeed any other uses
NOTE: @David_Carlisle refers to the discussion on the MathML list which deals with this very fully: http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-math/ and specifically the thread under:
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-math/2012Mar/0008.html

A: Peter I think/hope you got answers you need on the www-math list, but a shame to leave mathml questions unanswered here for people searching the site later, so a classic use of lambda is to make an anonymous function that  takes an argument and adds 1 to it. In classic lambda notation that would be
λ x. x +1
or in more usual mathematical function arrow notation
x ↦ x + 1
or in mathml
 <lambda><bvar><ci>x</ci></bvar>
   <apply><plus/><ci>x</ci><cn>1</cn></apply>
 </lambda>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Is It Christmas? is a service that indicates whether or not it's Christmas with a simple YES or NO response.
Those are all the Is It Christmas? Applets we could find.
This Trigger fires every time it is Christmas in the time zone you specify.


Life preserver - The Vault Fallout Wiki - Everything you need to know about Fallout 76, Fallout 4, New Vegas and more!
The life preserver is a junk item in Fallout 4.
These buoyant rings provide three plastic and one spring when broken.
Life preservers can usually be found on docks and inside boathouses throughout the Commonwealth.
This page was last edited on 11 July 2018, at 00:15.


Please note that unfortunately Markland Hill have had to withdraw their D team from Section C of the Bolton Badminton League. A new team from Westhoughton will be replacing them and will be fulfilling their fixtures.
The away fixture due to be played on Tuesday 5th March 2013 against Markland Hill D will now be played on Friday 8th March 2013 against Westhoughton E at Westhoughton High School.


text:
Q: Python returning false on checking if a string exists in list even when it does I imported a model(named Feature) and set it to a list in Django
posts = Feature.objects.order_by('name')

upon calling the 5th element
print(posts[5]) this displays apple in shell which is the 5th object
however on checking it with a if condition it returns false
if 'apple' in posts:
    print("yes")
else:
    print("no")

and it prints no .. why is this happening even tho apple exists in the list

A: 'apple' is a string object. posts is not a list but QuerySet object of Feature objects.
It will never find object of other type :)
You have to seek Feature objects like that, in example:
apple = Feature.objects.get(name='apple')
# or if you have more than one
apple = Feature.objects.filter(name='apple').first()

posts = Feature.objects.order_by('name')

if apple in posts:
    print("yes")
else:
    print("no")

it will print yes.
PS If name is going to be unique you can add unique=True to the model.

A: I think you need to just run queryset

*

*for if the string is Case-insensitive
    fruit = "apple"
    posts = Feature.objects.filter(name__icontains = "apple")
    if posts.exists():
       print("yes")
    else:
       print("No")

*for Case-insensitive exact match
        fruit = "apple"
        posts = Feature.objects.filter(name__iexact= "apple")
        if posts.exists():
           print("yes")
        else:
           print("No")


Smart marketers know that the best way to sell online is to ensure that your landing pages are converting and your customer journey to sale is seamless. However, this seemingly-simple step can be littered with complexity and places where your customers get distracted, confused or simply give up. If your marketing isn't delivering in terms of sales, it's time to lift up the hood and take a peek at your sales funnel — bump up those conversion rates and get those sales dollars flowing!
Depending on the type of product or service that you're offering, you may also want to include reevaluation and repurchase phases, as you regularly cycle customers through the purchasing phase and re-engage them in new offerings or services.
Optimizing the top of your sales funnel through the awareness and interest phases means ensuring that you have a steady stream of high-quality content out in the universe, pulling in new prospects from a variety of different locations. This could include pay-per-click advertising, social media marketing, blogs, white papers and more. Evaluating each of your prospecting tactics has a great deal of importance, and can save you significant dollars. What if you determine that the inexpensive $5 per day social media boost is bringing in more prospects than your $40 per day Google AdWords tactic? Information like this allows you to make shifts in spending that will drive more prospects through your least-expensive and most effective intake valve. You can't just look at which channel is driving the most warm bodies — you have to peer all the way through the sales funnel to determine which prospects actually convert into paying customers.
Do I really need this product or service?
Can I afford to make this purchase?
When you're able to overcome these barriers, you're moving your prospects to the final step: making a purchase.
Many marketers think that their job in creating a fully-optimized sales funnel is complete once the customer has pushed "buy", but that is far from the optimal solution. Don't let nurturing the customer relationship fall to the wayside at this critical juncture of your relationship. Instead, continue to woo the customer by providing excellent communication during and after the sale, encouraging them to share their purchase with others and continuing to pitch the benefits your solution offers. Customers want that personal relationship with the brands they select, so be sure you're offering it!


Hi, I'm Victoria, I'm a year 11 student and this is my third year at BISS Puxi. There are a lot of things you can do in our school, for example, reading books in the library or practising instruments in the music rooms.
I normally go to the library and study for tests. My favourite thing about the school is the academic environment, whenever you have any questions, the teachers are happy to help you or you can find the answer yourself in the Learning Resource Centre.
One of the perks of being a new student is that you will get a 'buddy' for the first week of school and he or she will show you around the school and introduce you to new friends. Once you are comfortable with other students, you will find yourself having just as much as the students who have been here longer.
Other than studying, our school also offers a huge range of extra-curricular activities, from sports to academic.
As BISS Puxi is an international school, you will be able to meet students from lots of different nationalities. By meeting them, you experience different cultures and learn how to look at things from a different perspective. I have improved my learning and understanding by communicating with other people from different background - they might give you some ideas that you wouldn't otherwise come up with.
Although the rules in the school are pretty strict, I believe having discipline will turn students into more mature and successful people.
Explore our diverse community, discover what makes our school a great place to learn and see what makes our school different.


Balance Perfection: Jewelry & Accessories For A Great Cause!
Balance Perfection donates a percentage of all sales to Agenda, which is a non-profit that helps women and at-risk girls in the areas of education, mental health, and the list of support goes on. With each sale, you are immediately helping a great cause to create a brighter future!
Stay up-to-date on the latest trends & discounts by signing up today!
Balance Perfection was created to offer women trendy accessories at an affordable price. We strive ourselves on the high-quality products we hand-select to ensure that you get the best jewelry & accessories for your collection.
We are located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. We continuously stay up-to-date on the latest fashions. By gaining inspiration from all over the world, we seamlessly fuze fashion-forward designs.
By shopping with Balance Perfection, you immediately help out for an amazing cause! We donate a percentage of all sales to Agenda, which is a non-profit that helps women & at-risk girls. Help out immediately for various campaigns to fight for womens rights each time you shop with us.


Örhängen med tre stycken briljantslipade diamanter eller andra ädelstenar som skapar en liten klase.
Bilderna visar briljantslipade diamanter, Forest Green diamant (grön) samt rosa Spineller.
Earrings with three brilliant cut diamonds or other precious stones that create a small cluster.
The pictures show brilliant cut diamonds, diamond Forest Green (green) and pink spinels.


text:
Athletics History
Submitted by Anonymous on Sun, 11/05/2008 - 17:03
St Peter's Athletic Club was founded in 1958. The original committee was: Bobby Carville, Jimmy McKerr, Seamus Carville and Packy Mallon. Packy is still a working member to this day and only recently was recognised for 50 years service to sport in the area by Craigavon Council at their annual sports awards. Much of the Athletic Club's success, at individual and team level, can be attributed to his commitment and endurance.
Shortly after the Athletic Club was established a long list of regional, national and international honours followed. Listed below are only some of the success stories:
1963: two Ulster Champions in javelin and long jump - Michael McVeigh and Rodney Creaney.
1979: Charles Carbery obtained an All Ireland Intermediate medal in the 5000 metres;
1985: team success in the Lisburn Cup.
In addition, lots of titles were won, including Susan Beattie who won an All Ireland in 1500 metres; Helen Gourley won All Ireland in both 400 metres and 100 metres hurdles; Jaclyn Murray won All Ireland at under 14 and under 16, and went on to represent Ireland in the International Schools competitions.
Others to note include:
1976 - Harry Martin represented and won the over-50s marathon in Derry.He also went on to complete over 20 marathons all of which were achieved in under 3 hours; and 1997 - Gemma Lavery won the All Ireland triathlon and went on to represent Ireland in this event.
The Club today continues to develop in line with the standards of the Irish Athletic Association.


text:
Behnaz Jafari  est une actrice iranienne née en 1975.

Filmographie
 1995 : Le Foulard bleu
 1998 : Sinama Sinamast
 1999 : Eshghe Taher : Sahar
 2000 : Le Tableau noir de Samira Makhmalbaf : Halaleh
 2001 : Ab va Atash : Seema
 2002 : Khake sorkh
 2002 : Khanei ruye ab de Bahman Farmanara : Mojgan Ahadi
 2002 : Negin : Laleh
 2003 : Tehran 7 : 00 a.m.
 2004 : Kandaloos Gardens
 2005 : Bidar show, Arezoo !
 2005 : Chand tare mu
 2006 : Az dourdast : Femme de Mehran
 2006 : Le Regard de Sepideh Farsi
 2008 : Shirin d'Abbas Kiarostami
 2008 : Zamani baraye doust dashtan
 2009 : Dar Hesar-e Arezoo
 2010 : Beetle (Soosk)
 2010 : Mokhtarnameh
 2011 : Havalie Otoban
 2012 : The President's Cell Phone d'Ali Atshani
 2012 : Une famille respectable de Massoud Bakhshi
 2013 : JIb bor khiyaban jonobi : Rana
 2013 : Kimia
 2014 : I Want to Dance
 2014 : Panj Setareh
 2014 : Saken Tabaghe Vasat
 2015 : Cockroach
 2015 : Khaneye dokhtar : Tante de Mansour
 2016 : Be Donya Amadan
 2016 : Gita : Farzaneh
 2016 : Haft mahegi
 2016 : Khashm Va Hayahoo
 2016 : Lantouri : Ami de Maryam
 2016 : Like the Last day
 2016 : Samfonie Tavalod
 2016 : dandoon tala
 2017 : Highlight/Short
 2017 : Wander About Me de Ghazaleh Soltani : Mère d'Asal
 2018 : Jadeh Ghadim de Manijeh Hekmat
 2018 : Tehran : City of Love d'Ali Jaberansari
 2018 : Trois visages de Jafar Panahi
 2019 : Yalda, la nuit du pardon de Massoud Bakhshi

Liens externes

Références

Actrice iranienne
Naissance en 1975

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
07.29.2020 Featured Story
Town code enforcement issues multiple violations at Raynor Avenue home
By Tim Gannon
The home at 554 Raynor Ave., pictured in late 2019, was targeted for code enforcement violations. (Credit: Google Maps)
Riverhead Town officials executed a search warrant for a home at 554 Raynor Ave. Tuesday morning and issued 30 town code violations to the property owner, whom officials identified as Patricia Sapienza-Brown.
The warrant was issued in response to complaints made by neighbors and multiple instances of surveillance, according to Supervisor Yvette Aguiar.
Town code enforcement officers from the Riverhead Town Attorney's office, together with officers from the Riverhead Town Police Department, executed the warrant at about 6 a.m. without incident, according to the supervisor.
"Investigators discovered five individuals residing in an unregistered Bounder recreation vehicle, which was situated and used as permanent housing with electricity, water and wastewater discharge connected for service as an independent and distinct dwelling unit," Ms. Aguiar said.
"Further, code enforcement officials confirmed that three individuals were residing in a detached garage structure which has been illegally converted to living space without permits and/or approvals from the building department," she said. "The garage contained a living room area, two bedrooms, a bathroom and a makeshift kitchen area."
The supervisor said numerous violations of town and state building, fire and zoning codes were documented with the violations issued to Ms. Sapienza-Brown.
Ms. Sapienza-Brown could not immediately be reached for comment.
"These violations not only represent a risk to the safety and welfare of the residents of the subject property but to the residents of the surrounding area as well," the supervisor said in a release.
"In furtherance of the Town Board's commitment to improving the quality of life of all town residents, attorneys for the Town of Riverhead intend to pursue any and all action necessary to immediately ban the use of the RV and detached garage as living areas and remediate violations of the Town Code and Zoning Ordinances, the New York State Building and Fire Code, and New York State Property Maintenance Code," she said in the release.
"I commend the Town Attorney, his staff and the Code Enforcement Officers for their efforts in combating these types of dangerous and hazardous living conditions."
Tim Gannon has been a reporter for Times Review Media Group since 1996 and has covered police, government, schools and more.He previously worked as a reporter for Suffolk Life, the Traveler-Watchman and The Whale. He is a graduate of the former Mercy High School in Riverhead and Southampton College.
Email Tim Gannon Email Created with Sketch. Email Tim Gannon
Patricia Sapienza-Brown
Riverhead Town code enforcement
Yvette Aguiar
01.16.2021	News
More than three years after he withheld evidence in a Flanders murder case, former Suffolk prosecutor is suspended
A former Suffolk County homicide prosecutor has been suspended from practicing law after he failed to turn over exculpatory...
01.16.2021	Police
Blotters: Driver charged with DWI after crash in Flanders
Southampton Town police arrested an Ozone Park man for driving while intoxicated following a motor vehicle accident in Flanders...
01.15.2021	Government
Town Board plans to adopt 'Pattern Book' Tuesday, hire firm to design Town Square
Riverhead Town's "Pattern Book" on how to develop the downtown area is now complete and expected to be adopted...
01.15.2021	Sports
Winter track approaches starting line with new look due to COVID-19 regulations
It will be a high school winter track season for boys and girls like no other. Dual meets only,...
Riverhead Town facing police shortage following retirements, delay bringing in new recruits
When the Riverhead Town Board hired 10 new police officers last Tuesday, it was responding to one of the...
SWR grad Ethan Wiederkehr savors his experience playing for Northwestern
At its root, football is football. Whether at the peewee, high school or big-time college level, football is still...


Hey OU spring seasonal, when can we play? My timezone is GMT -4.
yo OU ssnl i'm gmt+2, when do you want to play ?
Tomorrow maybe ? what's your gmt ?
What day this week works best for you?
yo OU ssnl. im GMT+4 and have really aids availability so give me some time ranges that work for you and i'll pick one that works for me too.


text:
Queen Maxima of the Netherlands' sister Inés Zorreguieta dies aged 33
Inés was the godmother of Queen Maxima's daughter, Princess Ariane
June 07, 2018 - 10:09 BST Ainhoa Barcelona Queen Maxima of the Netherlands' sister Inés Zorreguieta has passed away aged 33, local media in Argentina are reporting
Queen Máxima of the Netherlands is mourning the loss of her younger sister Inés Zorreguieta, who has passed away at the age of 33. Local Argentinian media have reported that Inés died of an apparent suicide. She was found at her home on Wednesday night in Buenos Aires. Inés, who worked for the government, is believed to have suffered from depression and mental health issues.
She was the godmother of Queen Máxima's youngest daughter Princess Ariane, 11, and was the youngest child of the late Jorge Zorreguieta and María del Carmen Cerruti Carricart. Máxima has two brothers, Juan and Martin, and three half-sisters, Maria, Dolores and Angeles.
Inés Zorreguieta was the godmother of Princess Ariane
Understandably, Queen Máxima's diary of engagements has been adjusted. She was due to attend a musical event, Holland Festival, this week but will not be making an appearance. Máxima will also not be joining her husband King Willem-Alexander on their tour of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia next week.
MORE: Stars gone too soon in 2018
The royal is expected to fly to her native Argentina for the funeral, just like she did last summer when her father Jorge passed away. The Dutch queen, her husband King Willem-Alexander and their three children Princesses Amalia, Alexia and Ariane flew to Buenos Aires for the burial.
Jorge died of cancer aged 89. His death was confirmed by the palace who said that the former politician had a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He had been battling the disease at the Fundaleu Clinic in Buenos Aires and Máxima had been pictured visiting him various times.
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Jorge served as Argentina's Minister of Agriculture during the violent regime of General Jorge Rafael Videla. As such, he was banned from attending major royal events in the Netherlands, including his daughter's 2002 wedding to the then Crown Prince Willem-Alexander, and Willem-Alexander's accession to the throne in 2013. He was, however, allowed to attend the christening of his three granddaughters since baptisms are considered private affairs rather than matters of the state.
Queen Maxima
Dutch Royals
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Queen Maxima of the Netherlands left 'shocked and bereft' after sister Ines Zorreguieta dies at 33
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Tearful Queen Máxima of the Netherlands makes rare statement about sister's death
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Queen Máxima of the Netherlands puts on brave face one month after sister's death
Queen Maxima and King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands celebrate their first King's Day


Now if I was to play games like GTA IV, would that work with enough horsepower to to use low or medium settings?
Does it have to be this specific model?
I've found one on Amazon but it doesn't have the Core 2 Extreme CPU, You might be able to upgrade it if you can find one and if the CPU isn't soldered to the motherboard Amazon.com : Toshiba Qosmio X305-Q711 17.0-Inch Laptop : Laptop Computers : Computers & Accessories.
you want to buy a 6-7 year old laptop..... WHY????
If you pay more than next to nothing for that laptop, you are being ripped off.
Does it HAVE to be that exact model? I don't believe you can find it "new" anymore.
So it's gonna be a 6-7 year old used laptop.
Problems with that is that harddrives and batteries gets worn over time and performs less and less as they should.
The hardware are bad compared to todays standard. So it doesn't perform anywhere near modern computers.
It also looks like an oversized pile of cheap plastic.
These are the requirements from Rockstar.


In Greek myth, when Perseus went to kill the monster Gorgon, the gods have him a helmet of invisibility, a pair of winged sandals and a highly polished bronze shield-with a clue to use it as a mirror.
According to Egyptian myth, the god Osiris taught people the skill of farming and provided them with laws and religious rites.
A French story says that Joan of Arc heard a voice from God instructing her to go into an ancient church and dig behind the altar. She did so and found a great sword, which had been used in holy wars called the Crusades, and which no one knew had been buried there.
In Greek myth, the goddess Athena gave a hero called Bellerophon a golden bridle with which he could catch the magical winged horse, Pegasus.
A Japanese myth says that when the sun goddess, Amaterasu was hiding in a cave, the other gods enticed her to come out with the gift of the first ever mirror.
Inuit myths tell how it was the raven who brought many gift to humans.
In Greek myth, the goddess Thetis knew her hero son, Achilles, would die in the Trojan Wars. She tried to protect him with armor made by the gods' blacksmith, Hephaestus, but she failed.
A Christian story says that King Midas asked the gods for 'the golden touch'- anything he touched was turned into gold. He soon regretted the gift when he tried to eat and drink.


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text:
Here's what the $52 billion CHIPS Act means for regular people
On Monday, President Biden signed into law the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022, a $280 billion bill that paves the way for new chip foundries to be built on US soil. It's a significant investment in the domestic semiconductor industry, with $52 billion specifically marked for manufacturing and research.
For those of us who don't spend our time analyzing the geopolitical chess moves made by countries, this news may sound irrelevant to everyday life. But there are practical benefits to the USA reasserting its presence in chip manufacturing—ones that even we normal citizens will see, either directly or indirectly.
Reliable supply of chips
When AMD released its 5000-series of processors, obtaining them was very difficult due to limited supply. And it was not the only shortage of the pandemic by far.
Gordon Mah Ung / IDG
Right now a large portion of chip manufacturing takes place overseas, much of it in East Asia. Before the pandemic, when the world was comfortably with the interdependence of a globalized economy, this system worked smoothly. A single region with heavy focus on certain aspects of physical production provided better economy, and it didn't matter that the company designing a processor was headquartered an ocean away from where the final product would be produced.
But after COVID hit, we've all seen how supply chain disruptions (including massive shipping issues) have affected availability of all kinds of electronics and items that contain electronics, like cars. It wasn't just the PC components that DIY builders and upgraders were starved for. More painfully, prices soared too, due to high demand and low supply.
With more processors made here in the U.S., disruptions from a major global event or political tensions should hurt less. That means steadier and more reliable production of goods, which in turn means a lower risk of sky-high prices for consumers when catastrophe strikes. It also softens the pressure of periods when we normal folk have less spending power, like in a recession or period of high inflation.
More domestic jobs
A woman at a fabrication plant holding two Intel 12th-generation processors. When more fabs open stateside, jobs like hers will become available.
The time when we'll see Made in the USA stamped on processors is still several years off at minimum—but building the fabs will begin much sooner. That means more immediate job opportunities for the regions where those plants are built. And once the foundries are complete, staffing roles will need filling: technicians, engineers, production managers, and more, in all kinds of stripes.
Secondary job opportunities spread from there, given that more services and housing will be needed for places pulling in more workers. It's lucrative enough that we can expect to see more states offering programs similar to New York state's $10 billion tax incentive.
But while the fabs are a dominant part of the story, it's not the whole of it. About $13 billion of the funds are meant to drive R&D and workforce development, with another $500 million devoted to security and supply chain concerns. That widens the opportunities available.
Of course, you might not be directly in need of a new gig. Maybe your family, friends, and acquaintances aren't, either. But if you end up living in an area near a foundry, the local revenue that comes in could still affect your life positively. This expansion of the US domestic semiconductor industry won't happen in a bubble.
And if you don't end up living near a foundry? There's $10 billion being allocated to create "innovation and technology hubs" to help spur more tech hotspots like the Silicon Valley, Seattle, and Austin. With more locales, people would have more choice in their opportunities.
Money for your kids' education (and yours, too)
Part of the CHIPS and Science Act puts money toward increasing access to STEM education for underserved populations.
Wokandapix / Pixabay
Only about twenty percent of the funds set aside by the CHIPS act focuses on chip manufacturing. The rest seeks to revitalize scientific research and development, as relates to technology. Government agencies will funnel money toward strengthening the US's efforts in quantum information science, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, advanced communications technologies like 6G, and more.
These efforts need new workers joining the ranks as time progresses, so about $13 billion is set aside to bolster participation in the study of STEM fields, as reported by CNN. The U.S. government has its eye on helping underrepresented populations get into research careers in these areas, including women, minorities, and residents of rural areas who may not have access to good STEM education.
As outlined in the White House fact sheet on the CHIPS act, this investment will encompass education at all levels, spanning K-12, community college, undergraduate, and graduate studies.
Of course, the devil's in the details. (You can read the full text of the bill if you're curious, which also covers initiatives to further clean energy technology.) The U.S. government will need to judiciously dole out these funds for regular folks to tangibly benefit—beyond consistent access to chip-powered goods needed for everyday life, that is.
CPUs and Processors
This $799 4K Lenovo IdeaPad laptop (55% off) is an outrageous deal


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Five world famous photo editors, who individually judged the five 2009 editions of Editor's Choice 1, gathered together in Amsterdam recently to debate, argue, vote and finally pick the best three images submitted to Editor's Choice 1 from a total entry of over 11,000 photographs.
The Editor's Choice 1 judging panel met at CPN's main offices with the judging chaired by Aidan Sullivan (Vice President of Photo Assignments, Getty Images), who was joined by Magdalena Herrera (Director of Photography, GEO France), Barbara Stauss (Picture Director, Mare magazine), Volker Lensch (Photo Editor, Stern magazine) and Monica Allende (Picture Editor, The Sunday Times Magazine).
The diverse shortlist – including landscapes, wildlife, reportage, portraits, aerial shots, black and white images, graphic shots and pictures full of humour – was swiftly cut down to just 25 photographs as the judges, unsurprisingly given their huge experience, all demonstrated a ruthless streak and clarity of thought about image choices.
Click here to watch an exclusive CPN video that documents the final judging to pick the top three Editor's Choice 1.
The ruthlessness of the panel meant round two of the judging was reached in under half an hour, so Aidan Sullivan opened round two with the advice: "Let's take it nice and slow." Comments from the judges in round two ranged from comparisons to the work of Margaret Bourke White, to "it's very powerful, but there are about four stops of Photoshop in that," and "this is the perfect composition," whilst Barbara Stauss even recognised a particular stranded ship in one photograph.
Round two required at least three votes out of five from the judges to keep an image in the contest, but again decisions were almost unanimous and after round two the 'cut' was down to 10 images. This meant round three was to vote pictures 'out', not 'in', and after two rounds of voting the shortlist was down to just six pictures.
One of the final six photographs was then eliminated to leave a final five from which the judges had to pick the top three placed pictures for Editor's Choice 1 via secret ballot. Each judge had a total of 10 points to award from which they could award a maximum of seven points to any single image.
Click here to see a multimedia presentation of the top three Editor's Choice 1 images.
* The judges and CPN would like to thank all of the Canon photographers who submitted their images to the Editor's Choice 1. Please note that CPN is currently setting up a new version of Editor's Choice – look out for further details on the CPN website in the very near future.


Whimsical Cake Studio Inc.: Super Mario, take 5?
Seriously...I can't count the number of super mario cakes we've created. Mini versions, torso up versions, fondant figures....if we never see a Super Mario cake again, I think we'd be okay with that.
Just to make things more interesting, we gave this cake order to Ken. He's on this new kick of building custom stands. I think he found his niche in the studio. He's all game for more challenges, so bring it!!!
Here is standing with all his mario-glory. Did we mention we totally undercharged for this 2 day project? Even though we totally gave Ken a hard time about over "tanning" Mario and giving him an oversized "snout"! haha.
Here is another custom cake that Ken made...with custom stand to boot. Eat that Ace of Cakes! Just kidding. We totally love Ace of Cakes.


text:
use std::fmt::{self, Display};
use std::str;
use unicase::UniCase;
use header::{Header, Raw};

/// `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials` header, part of
/// [CORS](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/#access-control-allow-headers-response-header)
///
/// > The Access-Control-Allow-Credentials HTTP response header indicates whether the
/// > response to request can be exposed when the credentials flag is true. When part
/// > of the response to an preflight request it indicates that the actual request can
/// > be made with credentials. The Access-Control-Allow-Credentials HTTP header must
/// > match the following ABNF:
///
/// # ABNF
/// ```plain
/// Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials" ":" "true"
/// ```
///
/// Since there is only one acceptable field value, the header struct does not accept
/// any values at all. Setting an empty `AccessControlAllowCredentials` header is
/// sufficient. See the examples below.
///
/// # Example values
/// * "true"
///
/// # Examples
/// ```
/// # extern crate hyper;
/// # fn main() {
///
/// use hyper::header::{Headers, AccessControlAllowCredentials};
///
/// let mut headers = Headers::new();
/// headers.set(AccessControlAllowCredentials);
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct AccessControlAllowCredentials;

const ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS_TRUE: UniCase<&'static str> = UniCase("true");

impl Header for AccessControlAllowCredentials {
    fn header_name() -> &'static str {
        static NAME: &'static str = "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials";
        NAME
    }

    fn parse_header(raw: &Raw) -> ::Result<AccessControlAllowCredentials> {
        if let Some(line) = raw.one() {
            let text = unsafe {
                // safe because:
                // 1. we don't actually care if it's utf8, we just want to
                //    compare the bytes with the "case" normalized. If it's not
                //    utf8, then the byte comparison will fail, and we'll return
                //    None. No big deal.
                str::from_utf8_unchecked(line)
            };
            if UniCase(text) == ACCESS_CONTROL_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS_TRUE {
                return Ok(AccessControlAllowCredentials);
            }
        }
        Err(::Error::Header)
    }

    fn fmt_header(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str("true")
    }
}

impl Display for AccessControlAllowCredentials {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
        self.fmt_header(f)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test_access_control_allow_credentials {
    use std::str;
    use header::*;
    use super::AccessControlAllowCredentials as HeaderField;
    test_header!(works,        vec![b"true"], Some(HeaderField));
    test_header!(ignores_case, vec![b"True"]);
    test_header!(not_bool,     vec![b"false"], None);
    test_header!(only_single,  vec![b"true", b"true"], None);
    test_header!(no_gibberish, vec!["\u{645}\u{631}\u{62d}\u{628}\u{627}".as_bytes()], None);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: C# Expression.Property of an interface I was generating a dynamic expression on CustomType based on some parameters. Code looks like this:
ParameterExpression parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(CustomType), "x");
MemberExpression idMember = Expression.Property(parameter, "CustomProperty");

When I changed from type CustomType to interface ICustomType it stopped working by throwing an error 'Instance property 'CustomProperty' is not defined for type 'ICustomType''
. How to fix it?

A: Without a minimum verifiable example, we cannot be sure what the problem is, but from your example code, I've put together the following:
interface ICustomType
{
    int CustomProperty { get; set; }
}

class CustomType : ICustomType
{
    public int CustomProperty { get; set; }
}

Now, when I call your example code, everything works as expected
ParameterExpression parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(CustomType), "x");
MemberExpression idMember = Expression.Property(parameter, "CustomProperty");

Also, when I change the type to ICustomType, it still works as expected.
ParameterExpression parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(ICustomType), "x");
MemberExpression idMember = Expression.Property(parameter, "CustomProperty");

However, if I remove the declaration of CustomProperty from ICustomType, I get the following error:

Instance property 'CustomProperty' is not defined for type 'ICustomType'

So, this leads me to believe that your interface does not include a declaration for CustomProperty.  If you add it to your interface, your code should then work.

A: A common task when working with expressions is to replace certain nodes with other nodes. For instance, you can replace ParameterExpression as in this answer. I believe the OP used a similar parameter replacer, and forgot to also replace MemberExpression.
If you replace parameters of an expression, the original MemberExpression might not the new parameter type. E.g. a member expression for CustomType.CustomProperty will not be able to handle ICustomType.CustomProperty.
If my theory is correct, the OP must replace some MemberExpression instances too. The following expression visitor will do the trick:
public class ParameterReplacerVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
{
    private readonly Type newType;
    private Dictionary<ParameterExpression, ParameterExpression> parametersToReplace;

    public ParameterReplacerVisitor(Type newType)
    {
        this.newType = newType;
    }

    public LambdaExpression Convert(LambdaExpression expression)
    {
        parametersToReplace = expression.Parameters
            .Where(p => ShouldReplace(p.Type))
            .ToDictionary(p => p, p => Expression.Parameter(newType, p.Name));

        return (LambdaExpression)Visit(expression);
    }

    protected override Expression VisitLambda<T>(Expression<T> node)
    {
        var parameters = node.Parameters.Select(GetNewParameter);
        return Expression.Lambda(Visit(node.Body), parameters);
    }

    protected override Expression VisitParameter(ParameterExpression node)
    {
        return base.VisitParameter(GetNewParameter(node));
    }

    protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
    {
        if (ShouldReplace(node.Member.DeclaringType))
        {
            var targetProperty = GetNewProperty(node.Member);
            node = Expression.MakeMemberAccess(Visit(node.Expression), targetProperty);
        }

        return base.VisitMember(node);
    }

    private MemberInfo GetNewProperty(MemberInfo member)
    {
        return newType.GetProperty(member.Name) ?? throw new ArgumentException(
            $"Property '{member.Name}' is not defined for type '{newType.Name}'"
        );
    }

    private bool ShouldReplace(Type type) => newType.IsAssignableFrom(type);

    private ParameterExpression GetNewParameter(ParameterExpression parameter)
    {
        parametersToReplace.TryGetValue(parameter, out var newParameter);
        return newParameter ?? parameter;
    }
}

Example
Expression<Func<Derived, string>> derived = t => t.A;
var lessDerived = derived.ToLessDerived<Derived, IBase, string>();
var d = lessDerived.Compile();
var result = d.Invoke(new Base());

And the extension method:
public static Expression<Func<TLess, TValue>> ToLessDerived<TClass, TLess, TValue>(this Expression<Func<TClass, TValue>> expression)
{
    var visitor = new ParameterReplacerVisitor(typeof(TLess));
    return (Expression<Func<TLess, TValue>>)visitor.Convert(expression);
}

For me, this solved the exact same type of error as the OP asked about.