text:
Australia tops fatal shark attacks in 2014
By AAP
12:39pm Feb 13, 2015
Australia topped shark attacks worldwide for 2014, a new report says.
Australia had more fatal shark attacks in 2014 than any other country, according to a global study released by the University of Florida.
However, the two deaths and the 11 overall unprovoked attacks by sharks in Australian waters last year were in line with the average over the past decade.
George Burgess, curator of world shark attack data at the University of Florida's Museum of Natural History, says the steady numbers in Australia are "often lost in the resultant media feeding frenzy" when an attack occurs.
He says beachgoers are more likely to win the lottery than encounter a shark.
"It's amazing, given the billions of hours humans spend in the water, how uncommon attacks are," Burgess said.
The report describes the Western Australian government's cull of endangered white sharks as "ill-conceived".
South Africa had a "low contact" year, with one fatal incident and two overall attacks, well below the recent 10-year average of 4.3 attacks per year.
Man charged over alleged 4WD hit-run in Sydney's south
There were single incidents reported in New Zealand, Reunion, Japan, Spain, French Polynesia, New Caledonia and the Galapagos Islands.
Three people died worldwide from shark attacks in 2014, far below the average of 6.3 deaths per year over the past decade.
Burgess attributes the downward trend in fatalities to advances in beach safety, medical care and awareness of how to avoid attacks.
There were 72 attacks worldwide, down from 75 in 2013.
Australia's 11 attacks were lower than its 12.5 attacks per year average over the past 10 years (2004-13) and the two fatalities were in line with its 1.5 yearly average over the same time period.
The Australian Shark Attack File, released with Florida's international study, was compiled by curator John West for the Taronga Conservation Society Australia.
There were four shark attacks in South Australia, three in NSW, two in Western Australia, and single incidents in Queensland and Victoria.
In the 1990s, the average number of 6.5 unprovoked cases per year in Australia has risen to an average of 13 per year over the past decade. The 11 cases reported in 2014 were below the 10-year average.
In Australia in 2014, there were seven unprovoked attacks on surfboard and bodyboard riders, three on swimmers (one fatal), and one fatal attack on a snorkeller.
White sharks were involved in eight of the 11 cases of unprovoked attacks in Australia with six on surfboard riders, one fatal attack on a swimmer, and one fatal attack on a snorkeller.
A bull shark attacked a swimmer, inflicting severe injuries, and a wobbegong caused minor injuries to a swimmer in shallow water.
A suspected bronze whaler bit a surfboard rider on the leg, leaving only minor teeth marks.
The attacks in Australia were spread across the year, with six in cooler winter months and five in warmer summer months.
Unprovoked attacks are defined as incidents where an attack on a live human by a shark occurs in its natural habitat without human provocation of the shark.
Burgess said the overall trend decade on decade has been a steady increase in attacks worldwide, but not because sharks are getting a taste for humans.
As the human population and the popularity of aquatic pastimes grow, humans are more likely to be where sharks are feeding.
"I am willing to predict that there will be more attacks in the second decade of this century than there were in the first," Burgess said.
Worldwide in 2014, surfers and others participating in board sports accounted for 65 per cent of cases, with swimmers/waders at 32 per cent, and snorkellers, three per cent.
There were no attacks on scuba divers in 2014.
© AAP 2020
Property News: Take a look inside the world's best van renovations - domain.com.au


Kota Kinabalu: A little bit of persuasion and the thought of revitalising Sabah's football has prompted former State coach, Stanley Chew, to come out of 'retirement'. As a veteran in the game, he has all the qualities and attributes that are not only crucial but also necessary as he imparts his knowledge and skills to budding and aspiring players.
And to accomplish that, he is going back to where it all started – his humble birthplace in Kuala Penyu. 'A group of boys with a passion in the game', he says, is all he needs to kickstart this ambitious plan. While acknowledging that the 'project' cannot be accomplished overnight, he has agreed to undertake 26 pupils from SRK Kg Kerukan under his wings for training.
Asked why he chose the inconspicuous primary school as a launch pad to groom players for the State's 'soccer future', the Master in Sports and Exercise Science degree holder gave a simple answer. "I believe in starting from basics. And since I started my life journey in soccer from this small town, I think its only proper to begin from where I started," he said.
And so he began in earnest in coaching the slightly more than two dozen boys since last month on the 17. The Malay proverb, Melentur buluh biar dari rebung, holds a deep meaning to Chew, who said it is relatively easier to train youngsters because they absorb like sponge what they were taught. While other coaches have different approaches to training, he firmly believes in six fundamental principles.
"The most important is passing and in this aspect, the player must know speed, angle, time, precision, dribbling and his immediate area," he said. And there is also technique, individual skills, ball control, tactics and physical energy, he added. If all these are mastered, the youngsters have a bright future in the game, he said.
In retrospect, Chew said he is not out to prove that he is better than any coaches. "I simply want to accept the requests from the parents of the youngsters to train their children and I manage to accomplish the task that have been entrusted to me, I would be very happy," he said.
In 1977 he steered the State team to win the Borneo Cup and in the same year, he brought the East Malaysia team to the semi-finals of the Malaysia Cup. The following year Sabah again lifted the Borneo Cup under Chew. Sabah, he said, was simply invincible when it won for the third consecutive time the Borneo Cup in 1979.
"Any football teams at that time was wary playing against Sabah, especially at the Likas Stadium, because we were on top of the game," he said. In 1979 also, Sabah as a State team, earned a place in the semi-final of the Malaysia Cup. Under him, many players such as James Wong, Hassan Sani, the late Peter Rajah, Awang Sabtu and Azarin Ezerin, went on to etch their names in Sabah and Malaysia football chronicles.
The 68-year old said he coached Sabah's women team from 1984 until 1986 and helped the team to qualify for the finals three years in a row. Throughout his illustrious and colourful football career, Chew has completed numerous coaching courses, making him among highly qualified coaches in the country.
But, being a modest man that he is, he declines to rest on the accolades and laurels, claiming instead that he did it all for the love of the game. "I just hope that what I am trying to do here will bear the fruits that we all hope for," he said.


text:
Q: How to run an application in debug mode inside android studio 3.3.1? Prior to this i would run android apps in debug mode using debug icon in android studio or by pressing Shift+F9.
Doing this in my android studio after some updates lead to installation of debug version (not running it). Even if no emulator or no device are connected and online, it does not prompt for target device selection window (to select something or run new emulator).
I want to know which command should be used to install debug version, run it and attach debugger to application for debugging?
Currently I need to do this steps: installDebug, then run app manually inside device and then attach debugger to it.
My current configuration of software is as below:

*

*Android Studio 3.3.1 - Built on 29 Jan 2019

*Gradle Plugin: 3.3.1

*distributionUrlis set to https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-4.10.3-all.zip inside gradle-wrapper.properties.

Here is list of available gradle tasks:
------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------

Android tasks
-------------
androidDependencies - Displays the Android dependencies of the project.
signingReport - Displays the signing info for the base and test modules
sourceSets - Prints out all the source sets defined in this project.

Build tasks
-----------
assemble - Assemble main outputs for all the variants.
assembleAndroidTest - Assembles all the Test applications.
build - Assembles and tests this project.
buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it.
buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on.
bundle - Assemble bundles for all the variants.
clean - Deletes the build directory.
cleanBuildCache - Deletes the build cache directory.
compileDebugAndroidTestSources
compileDebugSources
compileDebugUnitTestSources
compileReleaseNonObfuscatedSources
compileReleaseNonObfuscatedUnitTestSources
compileReleaseSources
compileReleaseUnitTestSources

Build Setup tasks
-----------------
init - Initializes a new Gradle build.
wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files.

Cleanup tasks
-------------
lintFix - Runs lint on all variants and applies any safe suggestions to the source code.

Help tasks
----------
buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in root project 'myproject'.
components - Displays the components produced by root project 'myproject'. [incubating]
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'myproject'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'myproject'.
dependentComponents - Displays the dependent components of components in root project 'myproject'. [incubating]
help - Displays a help message.
model - Displays the configuration model of root project 'myproject'. [incubating]
projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'myproject'.
properties - Displays the properties of root project 'myproject'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'myproject' (some of the displayed tasks may belong to subprojects).

Install tasks
-------------
installDebug - Installs the Debug build.
installDebugAndroidTest - Installs the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
uninstallAll - Uninstall all applications.
uninstallDebug - Uninstalls the Debug build.
uninstallDebugAndroidTest - Uninstalls the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
uninstallRelease - Uninstalls the Release build.
uninstallReleaseNonObfuscated - Uninstalls the ReleaseNonObfuscated build.

Verification tasks
------------------
check - Runs all checks.
connectedAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests for all flavors on connected devices.
connectedCheck - Runs all device checks on currently connected devices.
connectedDebugAndroidTest - Installs and runs the tests for debug on connected devices.
deviceAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests using all Device Providers.
deviceCheck - Runs all device checks using Device Providers and Test Servers.
lint - Runs lint on all variants.
lintDebug - Runs lint on the Debug build.
lintRelease - Runs lint on the Release build.
lintReleaseNonObfuscated - Runs lint on the ReleaseNonObfuscated build.
lintVitalRelease - Runs lint on just the fatal issues in the release build.
test - Run unit tests for all variants.
testDebugUnitTest - Run unit tests for the debug build.
testReleaseNonObfuscatedUnitTest - Run unit tests for the releaseNonObfuscated build.
testReleaseUnitTest - Run unit tests for the release build.

A: Option 1 - launch
Press Ctrl+Alt+F5 (or Shift+F9) to launch the app in debug mode.

Option 2 - attach
Choose Run -> Attach to process and select the signature of an app to enable the debug mode, which is already installed via adb.

A:
you can use AVD or emulator to run application in debug mode.

 AVD guide

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After a festive hiatus the Midlands Area season restarts with the area's own Club meeting at Thorpe Lodge, on Sunday 27th January 2019. The first race is at 11am.
By their very definition Club fixtures are scheduled to meet the needs of trainers and owners, and usually attract good entries. The Thorpe fixture is no exception, with 162 entries across the six scheduled races.
The going at Thorpe Lodge is currently good, and the forecast does not contain any significant rain at the time of writing.
Many horses have entries in more than one race so decisions about the splitting of races will be made on the day, depending on which declarations are made. The final race, the open maiden, has 45 entries and may be the obvious candidate. It has a safety factor of 16.
The Bill Foulkes Mixed Open race is the fourth on the card and scheduled for a 12.30pm start. Among the 27 entries are some class performers from both in and out of the area.
Three horses stand out at the top of the ratings. Haymount may only be in his first season of pointing but has already impressed, winning the Ladies Open at Sheriff Hutton a fortnight ago. Hazel Hill is entered but won a hunter chase on Monday so may not race again so soon. Volnay De Thaix last competed in the Foxhunter at Cheltenham and needs little introduction. Bear's Affair will love the quick flat ground and left-hand track but can be unpredictable. Stellar Notion has also already won an open this season. Prolific local winner Thetalkinghorse is entered, alongside Arthur's Secret and Dance Of Time. There is a lot of talent among the 27 entrants for this race beside those mentioned here.
The first race of the day is the Members Conditions race kindly sponsored by Pipers Farm. 34 horses are entered but many have other entries. Top-rated six-year-old Don Bersy will enjoy the flat course but will also be top weight. Blackwater Bramble has won both of his outings this season so far and likes a left-handed track like this one. Kalabaloo has Gina Andrews booked to ride and has also won this season. Minella Friend is another 2019 season winner. Others to watch might include Vasco Du Mee, Teeton Power, Teeton Kato, Summer Sounds, She's Real, King's Lodge, In A Blue Dust, Gunmoney, Distime, Burtredgipandgump, Black River and Beggar's Velvet.
The Intermediate race which follows is being run in memory of Fred Roughton and has attracted 14 entries. Rob The Getaway looks the stand out market leader in this one, with wins in the last three outings. Competition may come from Luke Harvey's Drumlynn, or one of Easythingsarebest, Encounter A Giant, Myoldman and Salvatore.
highly-rated ex-chaser which hasn't raced yet this season. The only recent winner in this field is Minella Friend. also entered in the first race, which won at Ampton on similar ground a fortnight ago. Another horse which should enjoy this left-handed track is Gabrial The Great, a winner in one of its only two outings. You Too Pet and Summer Sounds are capable but will be carrying more weight, while Red Spinner also has potential.
The Roade Fibres Restricted race is the penultimate (scheduled) race on the card. Twenty horses are entered, including Hidden Cargo, an impressive debut winner last time, already rated at 95. Cornerman could be another to look at in this one, along with the Walkers' Merrydown Black, with many of these horses having their first run of the season at this meeting.
Depending on declarations on Sunday morning, the final race of the day, the Open Maiden, sponsored by Newark Livestock Market, could well be split into two or more races. This has clearly been anticipated by some, with the same jockeys booked to ride multiple horses. There are a number of racecourse debutantes among the throng of 45 entries, several more with only one or two runs.
Thorpe Lodge is close to Newark and easily accessed from the A1 and A46. The postcode is NG23 5PY. E-tickets are available from Midlands Pointing (www.midlandspointing.com/shop) at only £13 if purchased in advance. Admission on the gate is £15, children under 16 are admitted free.


We have posted finalized notices and policy documents describing CCI policies.
Note: Providers should refer to the Physician Toolkit on the calduals website for information specific to providers. Beneficiaries should refer to the Beneficiary Toolkit. Enrollment data is available here.
The CCI is governed by legislative and administrative authority and guidance including statutes, regulations, DHCS guidance, and all plan letters. We have provided links to finalized policies below including our summaries of policies. Dual Plan Letters (DPL) provide guidance to Cal MediConnect plans. All Plan Letters (APL) provide guidance to Medi-Cal plans.
Additional fact sheets issued by DHCS are available on the CalDuals website here.
We will post notices and enrollment materials that will be sent to beneficiaries as they are finalized. Materials sent by DHCS will be sent in blue envelopes (except in San Mateo and Orange counties).
Cal MediConnect 90-Day Notice (available in 12 threshold languages here).
Cal MediConnect 60-Day Notice (available in 12 threshold languages here).
Cal MediConnect Choice Form is tailored for each county. Visit calduals.org for the choice form.
90-Day Notice (available in threshold languages here).


text:
Klaus Jansen ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Klaus Jansen (Abt) (1922–2008), deutsch-österreichischer Abt
 Klaus Jansen (Verbandsfunktionär) (* 1955), deutscher Kriminalbeamter und Gewerkschafter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Kippax Cellars, Liquor Retailers, listed under "Liquor Retailers" category, is located at Kippax Shopng Cntr Holt ACT, 2615, Australia and can be reached by 0262545754 phone number. Kippax Cellars has currently 0 reviews.
Browse all Liquor Retailers in Holt ACT.


This is a sumptuous new edition of Christopher Lloyd's classic book on meadows. Starting with the origins of meadows in history, art and literature, Lloyd goes on to describe in detail the different types of meadow and prairie, how to create and maintain them, and his own efforts at Great Dixter, the garden that was his life's work. Fergus Garrett, current head gardener at Great Dixter, who worked closely with Lloyd, and continues his work after his death has contributed a lengthy new introduction, which looks at the ongoing developments in their grassland management, and the resurgent interest in ecology and wildlife habitats.
Come and hear Fergus talk about the book and his gardening life at Great Dixter on May 27th in the Big Top at 11am as part of the Steyning Festival. The book will be available at the special Festival price of £20.


680. Structural equation modeling - Several SEM related packages are developed for conducting structural equation modeling.
683. paleoPhylo - 'paleoPhylo' will contain tools to assess how speciation, extinction & character change contribute to biodiversity. Currently it features graphical tools to draw phylogenies with time axes and ancestors that persist after speciation.
685. qualV - Qualitative Validation Criteria - Package qualV provides quantitative and qualitative criteria to compare models with data and to measure similarity of patterns. Specific attention is payed to problems with systematic differences and time shifts.
686. RevoExts - RevoExts is a project for open-source, third-party packages extending Revolution Analytics' RevoScaleR.
687. labeling - axis labeling algorithms - Provides a number of axis labeling algorithms.
688. disco - Distribution Comparison - Compare distributions and select models using smooth tests of Goodness of Fit with both classic and cutting edge approaches.
689. colbycol - This is a package intended for reading huge text data files into R by processing columns one by one individually.
690. Analysis of Count Time Series - R package which provides likelihood-based methods for model fitting and assessment, prediction and intervention analysis of count time series following generalized linear models.
691. opentick - R API to opentick databases - OPENTICK SERVICE NO LONGER EXISTS! Provide a native R interface to opentick real time and historical market data. Disclaimer: This software is not endorsed in any way by opentick. The authors of this software are not affiliated with opentick.
692. Spectra Processing - This project hosts functions for processing hyperspectral data. It is part of an effort of the laboratory of Geo Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, to collect and share R functions created by staff and students of the group.
693. Iterator Tools - The itertools package contains various functions and utilities for creating iterators. It can be viewed as an extension to the iterators package.
694. party - The core of party is ctree(), an implementation of conditional inference trees. Based on conditional inference trees, cforest() implements random forests. The function mob() partitions parametric models.
696. plantbreeding - plantbreeding: R Software package for analysis and visualization of data from plant breeding and genetics experiments.
697. Hedonic Elementary Price Indices - The hepi package provides a set of functions and classes for representing and estimating hedonic functions as well as hedonic elementary price indices.
698. Simulation of clustered multi-state data - R functions implementing the simulation procedure proposed at http://www.slideshare.net/federicorotolo/a-copulabased-simulation-method-for-clustered-multistate-survival-data to generate survival data with a clustered and multi-state structure.
699. Activated Region Fitting - Activated Region Fitting (ARF) is a program for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data analysis. ARF uses Gaussian shape spatial models to parameterize active brain regions.


Those of you following me on Twitter will have noticed I've been tweeting bite-sized facts about gender in Early Modern London plays. Here are some research notes on what I've been doing.
I have a corpus of ~400 Early Modern London plays, culled from EEBO by someone who is not me, spanning from 1514 to 1662. This almost certainly does not cover every play written in that time, nor does it cover variant editions of these plays. This is meant to be a largely representative corpus: I have all major playwrights, a number of minor ones, and most (but importantly not all) plays written by them; one edition per play. These files have been labeled by canonical generic description (eg comedy, tragedy, history, tragicomedy), year of publication, abbreviated author surname, and a truncated version of the title. All of this metadata has been collected from EEBO, again by that same someone who is not me.
This, you will note, is not ideal for reading by human eyes. But computers can do some wonderful things with this format.
I've been sorting these files into separate folders by author, to get a sense of how many and which plays by which authors I have in my corpus. This is, quite simply, a little more manageable than a running list of plays sorted by genre & date. It also gives me a larger sense of when these authors are working, what generic kinds of plays I have for them, and allows me to have the flexibility to group them in a variety of ways (playhouses associated with specific playwrights, authors who are contemporaries, etc) later on.
My present goal is to get counts of how many times the words lord/lady, man/wom*n, and knave/wench appear in each play in my corpus. Part of the reason I've chosen these terms is that they represent a shift from high – neutral – low formality while retaining gender-specific contexts. I could have chosen other ones: I've been looking at collocational patterns in Shakespeare using these terms (here are the relevant slides, .pdf) and wanted to get a sense of how these terms are represented in the larger corpus before I do anything else.
1. I can remember what many of these plays are about, but not the fine level of detail the computer can pull out for me.
2. Some of these plays are very hard to find in print (and, as I've shown, they are not in an ideal format for reading). My university no longer subscribes to EEBO, so I don't actually have access to the original full-text files.
Getting Data on 400 Plays and What To Do With It.
Each black line represents one instance of the search term, and is visualized in a linear way (so, from the beginning to end of each play). This is useful in that the software will give me a number of hits in each play AND shows me where these words appear in the play-texts. For The Honest Whore, Part 1, there's a few instances of "lady" all at once, at the beginning of the play, a few scattered in the middle, another small clump (probably representing a conversation) in the middle, and a few sparse other instances toward the end of the play. I'm doing this mostly to get a sense of where these highly salient words appear and don't appear in ways that are very hard to keep track of when you're reading 400 plays in a traditional, linear fashion. These are words you'd (presumably) expect to find in Early Modern plays, so you're not really paying much attention to them as a reader.
There is an easier way to do this for every my entire corpus at once in R and – presumably – Python, but quite frankly that would become information overload very quickly. So while some of you more computational people may be wondering why I'm moving at such a seemingly glacial pace, the answer is "because I want to be comfortable with the data and familiar in a way that allows me to think and reflect on it as it comes", rather than having it all at once. I want to get to know my corpus a little bit more first. Eventually, I'll be moving into R with this data – but not yet.
When I'm done I will be making the csv file available, and will hopefully be posting a write-up here. Thanks for your patience. In the meantime, here's the csv file for all of Shakespeare (from the Globe Shakespeare, 1841) organized by genre (comedy, history, late plays, tragedies).


Browse: Home / Industry News / WFG Insider Report – Episode 3 Who is WFG?
WFG Insider Report – Episode 3 Who is WFG?
Your weekly download on the market featuring industry experts, thought leadership and what's trending to keep you informed and ahead of the market. In this episode, we welcome back Patrick Stone, Executive Chairman and founder of Williston Financial Group and WFG National Title.


text:
Malaria Journal
Sero-epidemiological evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Senegal
Khadime Sylla ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-69971,
Roger Clément Kouly Tine1,
Magatte Ndiaye1,
Doudou Sow1,
Aïssatou Sarr1,
Marie Louise Tshibola Mbuyi2,
Ibrahima Diouf1,
Amy Colé Lô1,
Annie Abiola1,
Mame Cheikh Seck1,
Mouhamadou Ndiaye1,
Aïda Sadikh Badiane1,
Jean Louis A N'Diaye1,
Daouda Ndiaye1,
Oumar Faye1,
Thérèse Dieng1,
Yémou Dieng1,
Oumar Ndir1,
Oumar Gaye1 &
Babacar Faye1
Malaria Journal volume 14, Article number: 275 (2015) Cite this article
In Senegal, a significant decrease of malaria transmission intensity has been noted the last years. Parasitaemia has become lower and, therefore, more difficult to detect by microscopy. In the context of submicroscopic parasitaemia, it has become relevant to rely on relevant malaria surveillance tools to better document malaria epidemiology in such settings. Serological markers have been proposed as an essential tool for malaria surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate the sero-epidemiological situation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in two sentinel sites in Senegal.
Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in Velingara (south Senegal) and Keur Soce (central Senegal) between September and October 2010. Children under 10 years old, living in these areas, were enrolled using two-level, random sampling methods. P. falciparum infection was diagnosed using microscopy. P. falciparum antibodies against circumsporozoite protein (CSP), apical membrane protein (AMA1) and merozoite surface protein 1_42 (MSP1_42) were measured by ELISA method. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was done to assess factors associated with P. falciparum antibodies carriage.
A total of 1,865 children under 10 years old were enrolled. The overall falciparum malaria prevalence was 4.99% with high prevalence in Velingara of 10.03% compared to Keur Soce of 0.3%. Symptomatic malaria cases (fever associated with parasitaemia) represented 17.37%. Seroprevalence of anti-AMA1, anti-MSP1_42 and anti-CSP antibody was 38.12, 41.55 and 40.38%, respectively. The seroprevalence was more important in Velingara and increased with age, active malaria infection and area of residence.
The use of serological markers can contribute to improved malaria surveillance in areas with declining malaria transmission. This study provided useful baseline information about the sero-epidemiological situation of malaria in Senegal and can contribute to the identification of malaria hot spots in order to concentrate intervention efforts.
Trial registration number: PACTR201305000551876 (http://www.pactr.org).
Despite increasing efforts to control malaria and many African countries reporting a decrease of malaria burden in recent years, the disease is still a major public health problem in many sub-Saharan African countries. According to the World Health Organization, there were an estimated 207 million malaria cases and 627,000 malaria deaths in the world in 2012. This situation justifies the need to strengthen malaria control strategies including: (1) clinical case management of malaria cases using rapid diagnostic test (RDTs) and artemisinin combination therapy (ACT); (2) universal coverage of long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets (LLINs); (3) indoor residual spraying (IRS); and, (4) intermittent preventive treatment [1–3]. In Senegal, the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) initiated the scaling-up of malaria control measures in 2005. Significant reduction of malaria morbidity has been noted these last years from 35.72% in 2001 to 5.62% in 2008 and 3.07% in 2009 [4]. Malaria parasitaemia has become lower and therefore more difficult to detect by microscopy with an increase in the proportion of individuals carrying submicroscopic malaria parasites [5]. This may induce some limitation in malaria surveillance using microscopy. To overcome this issue, there is a need to develop innovative malaria surveillance tools that are more sensitive and more reliable for better documentation of malaria epidemiology. For this purpose, serology is proposed as a reliable and sensitive tool to assess malaria epidemiology as well as malaria intervention impact on malaria burden and transmission [6–8]. Several Plasmodium falciparum antigens have been studied to assess malaria transmission and impact on the host immunity. To assess the level of malaria transmission, a pre-erythrocytic-stage antigen most commonly used is the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) with a short estimated half-life. Antibodies against this protein are correlated to transmission intensity and exposure duration, but not necessarily to plasmodial infections. This protein is labile and disappears quickly in the absence of exposure. P. falciparum erythrocytic-stage antigens, such as merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP) and apical membrane antigen (AMA1) with long half-lives, reflect the cumulative exposure to malaria and can be used as an indicator of the burden of malaria [6, 7].
The analysis of immune responses against pre-erythrocytic-stage antigen (CSP) and erythrocytic-stage antigens (MSP and AMA1) can contribute to assess malaria transmission and the impact on host immunity. This study was conducted to evaluate the sero-epidemiological situation of falciparum malaria using CSP, AMA1 and MSP1_42 in the context of scaling anti-malarial interventions in Senegal.
This study was carried out in two health districts (Velingara and NDoffane) with a different endemicity level. Velingara health district is located in the southeastern part of Senegal, 500 km from the capital city of Dakar. In this district the study was conducted in Bonconto health post, which is headed by a nurse and has eight functional health huts staffed with community health workers, serving a population of 10,016 inhabitants. Ndoffane is located in the central part of Senegal, 200 km from Dakar. In this district the study was conducted in Lamarame health post. This health post is led by a nurse and comprises 49 functional health huts and serves a population of 20,000 inhabitants. In both study areas malaria transmission is seasonal, occurring during the rainy season (from July to November) with a peak in between October to November. P. falciparum is the most predominant parasite species. These two areas are part of NMCP sentinel sites. Malaria control strategies implemented by the NMCP in both sites were represented by the case management of uncomplicated malaria cases using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemisinin combination therapy (ACT); intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women; universal coverage of LLINs. The IRS is applied only in Velingara.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Velingara and Keur Soce in September and October 2010, several years after the implementation of malaria control measures. Children under 10 years old, living in the area or who stayed at the site for at least 6 months and whose parents or legal representatives gave informed consent form approval, were enrolled in the study using a two-level, random sampling method. Subjects whose parents or legal representatives did not give informed consent were excluded from the study.
Data collection method
An informed consent questionnaire was administered to collect individual data on socio-demographic (age, gender, weight, height, area of residence, bed net use). Weight and height were collected to determine nutritional status. In addition, axillary temperature was measured.
Laboratory methods
Parasitological assessment
For each enrolled participant, three drops of blood were collected for thick and thin smear tests for the detection of malaria prevalence using microscopy. Slides were stained for 15 min with a 10% Giemsa solution. Parasite density was evaluated by counting the number of asexual parasites per 200 white blood cells (WBCs) and estimated by number of parasite per μl using the following formula: number of parasites × 8,000/200 assuming a WBC count 8,000 cells/µl. Thick and thin smears were considered as negative after 100-field microscopic reading without any parasites being detected.
Serological assessment
Malaria antigens
Apical membrane antigen (AMA1) was from the Pichia pastoris expressed ectodomain of P. falciparum FVO strain comprised amino acids 25–545 [9] (Donated by Dr Daniel Dodo, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana).
MSP1_42 protein was from the C-terminal MSP1_42 amino acid sequence of the Uganda-Palo Alto (FUP) P. falciparum isolate (GenBank Accession No. M37213) expressed in Escherichia coli (Ec) system. The recombinant protein, EcMSP1_42-FUP (Uganda-Palo Alto strain), represents the 33 kDa fragment from the 3D7 P. falciparum variant and the E-K-NG point mutations identified in the 19 kDa fragment within the MSP1_42 native molecule [10].
CSP was a full-length protein expressed in an Escherichia coli system containing amino-acids Leu19 to Ser411 (Indian isolate, GenBankTM No: AAN87606) [11].
MSP1_42 and CPS were donated by Dr Patrick Duffy and Dr Richard Shimp from NIH/NIAID (National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases).
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Three drops of blood were collected onto Whatman 3MM filter paper, which was sealed and stored dry with desiccant at room temperature. Reconstituted sera were obtained from filter paper bloods spots described previously [12, 13]. Sera were tested for anti-MSP1_42 IgG antibodies, anti-AMA1 IgG antibodies and anti-CSP antibodies by indirect ELISA. Samples were also tested on freeze thawed P. falciparum schizont extract (concentration of 1 × 108/ml), which was coated onto ELISA plates at 1/500.
Briefly, 96 well ELISA plates were coated with 100 µl/well of 0.1 μl/well of MSP1_42 and CSP antigens and 0.026 μl/well of AMA1 in coating buffer (1.59 g Na2CO3, 2.93 g NaHCO3, 1 liter distilled water, pH 9.4). The plates were incubated overnight at 4°C. After incubation, plates were washed at three times using PBS (5.7 g NaH2PO4, 16.7 g Na2HPO4, 85 g NaCl in 1 l distilled water) plus 0.05% Tween 20 (PBS/T) and blocked with 1% (w/v) skimmed milk power in PBS/T for 1 h at 37°C. Eluates were removed from 4°C just before use. After three more washes, eluates were diluted at a ration 1/100 in PBS/T and added 200 µl in duplicate in a well plate.
For each plate three types of control were used: deep well without serum but with a second antibody to measure the non-specific binding, pool of sera from patients with P. falciparum malaria (positive control) and pool of sera from non-infected subjects (negative control) from Copenhagen. Three washes were performed before incubation for 1 h at 37° with secondary antibody (100 µl of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG, SouthernBiotech ®). After incubation for 1 h at 37°C, plates were developed with TMB/E (Upstate®, Chemicon® et Linco®, Millipore) as substrate for 30 min at room temperature in the absence of light and the reaction was stopped by the addition of 50 µl/well of 2 M H2SO4. Optical density was read at 450 nm against a 620 nm with an ELISA TECAN SUNRISE reader.
Haematological assessment
One drop of blood was collected from all participants for haemoglobin (Hb) level measurement using Hemo-Cue machine (HemoCue® Hb 301). Anaemia was defined as Hb concentration below 11 g/dl.
After data collection, date entry work was performed using Excel software. Thereafter, analysis was carried out using Stata software version IC 12 software.
For serological assessment, the optical density was obtained by subtracting the average OD (Optical density) of duplicate wells from that of the corresponding blank wells. Values were converted into arbitrary units (AUs), as follows [14]:
$$AU\; = 100 \times \left[ {\frac{Ln(OD\;test\;sample) - Ln(OD\;negative\;control)}{Ln(OD\;positive\;control) - Ln(OD\;negative\;control)}} \right]$$
To assess the nutritional status, data were transferred into Epi Info 3.04 d. The Z-scores for weight-for-age (underweight) and height-forage (stunting) were derived using Epinut Anthropometry. Children with Z-scores below—2 standard deviation (SD) of the National Centre for Health Statistic (NCHS), United States reference population median were considered to be malnourished.
Quantitative variables were described in terms of means, SD. Inter-group comparisons were done using ANOVA test or Student t test where appropriate, otherwise non-parametric tests such as Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis were used.
For descriptive data, percentage was used to each outcome. Antibodies seroprevalence was calculated and expressed by percentage with their 95% confidence intervals. Proportions were compared using Chi square test or the Fisher exact test (univariate analysis). A stepwise logistic regression analysis was done to assess factors associated with P. falciparum antibodies carriage. Significance level of the different tests was set at 5%.
The study was nested into a cluster-randomized trial [15] which had been approved by the Senegalese National Ethical Committee (Conseil National d'Ethique et de Recherche en Santé) and registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: registration number: PACTR201305000551876. In the field, individual informed consent was required prior to each participant enrolment. Community sensitization was done prior to the study to explain the planned investigations.
Study participant characteristics
A total of 1,865 participants were studied (866 from Velingara and 999 from Keur Soce). The mean age of the study population was 4.24 ± 2 years. The study population was mainly represented by children under 5 years old (53.62%). A proportion of 7.83% were less than 1 year old. Children over 5 years represented 38.55%. The sex ratio was 1.03. The mean Hb level was 9.93 ± 3.3 g/dl and was lower in Velingara (8.5 ± 3.4 g/dl). The overall prevalence of anaemia (Hb <11 g/dl) was 72.39% with a higher proportion in Keur Soce (77.14%) than in Velingara 68.27% (p < 10−3).
The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was respectively 35.44, 26.65 and 10.51%. Stunting was more frequent in Velingara population while underweight and wasting were higher in Keur Soce. Study participants characteristics are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects
Malariaometric indices
Overall, the coverage rate of bed net use was 82.84%. The coverage rate of bed net was more higher in Velingara (95.41%) while in Keur Soce it was 72.07%. The proportion of subjects with fever (axillary temperature ≥37.5°C) at the time of survey was 20.4 and 14.71% in Velingara and Keur Soce, respectively. Overall Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence was 4.99% [95% CI (4.02–6.1)]. Malaria prevalence was higher in Velingara at 10.03% [95% CI (8.3–12.7)] (90/866) than in Keur Soce, where it was 0.3% [95% CI (0.06–0.8)] (3/999). Among children with falciparum malaria, 17.37% had fever providing an odds ratio at 1.81 [95% CI (1.13–2.91)] (Table 2).
Table 2 Paludometrics indices
The mean production of anti-AMA1 antibody was 16.04 AU and varied from 16.59 AU in Velingara to 15.57 AU in Keur Soce. No significance difference was noted between the two sites (p = 0.57). MSP1_42 and CSP antibodies was 15.17 AU and 29.25 UA, respectively; both were higher in Velingara's population (p < 10−3). Antibodies production was significantly higher among children with P. falciparum infection compared to non-infected children (Table 3).
Table 3 Mean production of anti-AMA1, anti-MSP1_42 and anti-CSP antibodies
The overall seroprevalence rate of anti-AMA1, anti-MSP1_42 and anti-CSP antibodies was at 38.12% [95% CI (35.37–41.03)], 41.55% [95% CI (38.68–44.58)] and 40.38% [95% CI (37.54–43.36)], respectively. The seroprevalence of these antibodies was higher in Velingara compared to Keur Soce (p < 10−3) (Figure 1).
Seroprevalence of anti-CSP, anti-AMA1 and anti-MSP1_42 antibody in Velingara and Keur Soce site. Seroprevalence of IgG antibody to different malaria antigens (AMA1, MSP1_42, and CSP). AMA1 (Apical Membrane Protein), MSP1_42 (Merozoite Surface Protein) and CSP (Circumsporozoite Protein). Black Velingara site (southern part of Senegal) and grey Keur Soce site (central part of Senegal). χ2 test was done to compare proportions of antibody responders between two sites. Proportion of seropositive was more important in Velingara site compared to Keur Soce site (p < 10−3).
Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that seroprevalence increased with age, active malaria infection and area of residence. In children over 5 years old, the seroprevalence of anti-AMA1 antibody was 46.1% [ORa = 1.18; IC (0.8–1.73), p value = 0.43] and this was more important among female children (38.7%), subjects with stunting (37.97%) and subjects without anaemia (43.88%). Seroprevalence of anti-AMA1 antibody was higher in subjects with P. falciparum infection 40.86% [ORa = 1.13; IC (0.74–1.72); p value = 0.56] and in subjects living in Velingara 46.3% [ORa = 1.85; IC (1.58–2.32); p < 10−3]. The seroprevalence of anti-MSP1_42 antibody was 37.3% [ORa = 1.05; IC (0.73–1.51); p value = 0.8] in children under 5 years old while it was more important in children over 5 years old 47.57% [ORa = 1.28; IC (0.87–1.87), p value = 0.43].
For children with malaria infection, the seroprevalence of anti-MSP1_42 antibody was 52.69% [ORa = 1.01; IC (0.65–1.55); p value = 0.95]. For children over 5 years, the seroprevalence of anti-CSP antibody was 43.53% [ORa = 1.08; IC (0.75–1.56); p = 0.66] compared to other children. Anti-CSP antibody was more important in female children (41%), children with stunting 43.72% [ORa = 1.09; IC (0.85–1.4); p = 0.45] and children with anaemia (40.44%). The prevalence of anti-CSP antibody was associated with active malaria infection. Prevalence of anti-CSP antibody was more important in children with malaria infection 46.24% [ORa = 1.2; IC (0.78–1.84); p = 0.4]. The prevalence of anti-CSP antibody was more important in Velingara 52.66% [ORa = 2.63; IC (2.13–3.24); p < 10−3] compared to Keur Soce (29.73%). There is no correlation between seroprevalence of antibody and sex (Tables 4, 5, 6).
Table 4 Factors influencing the seroprevalence of anti-AMA1 antibodies
Table 5 Factors influencing the seroprevalence of anti-MSP1_42 antibodies
Table 6 Factors influencing the seroprevalence of anti-CSP antibodies
In Senegal malaria is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. These last years, the combination of malaria control measures has helped to reduce malaria burden. This has led the country to outline a vision of malaria elimination. To address this issue, new approaches are fundamental for a better characterization of malaria epidemiology in the areas of reduced transmission. Serology has been proposed as a sensitive and reliable tool for malaria epidemiology assessment [16–19].
This study was conducted to assess the sero-epidemiological situation of malaria in two sentinel sites with different epidemiological profiles in Senegal. The study showed a low prevalence of malaria parasitaemia, although P. falciparum carriage was significantly higher in the southern part of the country (Velingara). However, anaemia remained high in both sites. These data are consistent with results from national malaria indicator surveys conducted 2008–2009, which showed similar patterns in terms of P. falciparum carriage and anaemia prevalence [20]. The national survey conducted in 2012 and 2013 showed an overall prevalence of P. falciparum at 2.8% with disparities between the southern part (9.3%) and the central part (2.2%) of the country [21]. The difference in malaria prevalence between the two areas demonstrates once again the heterogeneity of malaria transmission in Senegal. This was demonstrated in Gambia in 2008 and 2009 [22].
Similar results were found in 2005 with the heterogeneity of malaria in the east and west of Cambodia [23]. Despite the low prevalence of P. falciparum, anaemia was closely associated with malaria parasitaemia. Other studies demonstrated that the main factors influencing anaemia occurrence in the central and the southern parts of the country are mainly represented by P. falciparum carriage, malnutrition, sickle cell traits and alpha-thalassaemia [24].
The overall seroprevalence of AMA1, MSP1_42 and CSP antibodies was 38.12, 41.55 and 40.38%, respectively. Significant difference between the two areas was observed with a higher seroprevalence in the southern part (Velingara). Although the serological assessment confirmed malaria heterogeneity as shown by microscopy. Proportion of P. falciparum carriage was significantly lower than antibodies level. These findings are in accordance with what were observed in Madagascar [6]. In Tanzania, similar results were noted with a high seroprevalence of antibodies against AMA1 (40.7%) and MSP1 (64.1%) [19]. Similar results were found in Ghana with high seroprevalence of AMA1 and CSP antibodies [25]. A high prevalence of PfMSP1 and PfAMA1 antibodies was found in Indonesia whatever the area and the season [26].
These results show that serology could be a good indicator for malaria surveillance. 5% of the total study participant was found positive by microscopy while antibodies excretion increased by at least sixfolds. The study demonstrated that using microscopy alone for malaria surveillance could underestimate malaria burden, particularly in areas with reduced malaria transmission. These data are confirmed by other studies [6, 19, 23, 27].
The study showed that seroprevalence of AMA1, MSP1_42 and CSP antibodies increased with age, P. falciparum carriage and the area of residence. Similar results were found in Vanuatu in 2008 and in northern Peru between 2008 and 2010 [28, 29]. In 2002, a study in Ghana showed that the level of antibody was higher among older subjects [30]. This was also demonstrated in The Gambia and Senegal in 2002 [22, 31]. In children with P. falciparum infection, the seroprevalence of antibodies is higher compared to those without P. falciparum infection. The association between malaria and level of antibody (anti-AMA1, anti-MSP1_42 and anti-CSP) has been demonstrated by several immuno-epidemiological studies [32–39]. Comparing both sites, the seroprevalence of antibodies is higher in Velingara than in Keur Soce. This may be due to the fact that malaria transmission is most intense in southern Senegal. The variation of malaria between areas has been demonstrated [22].
Gender, Hb level and nutritional status did not play a role in antibody production. This was demonstrated in 2002 in Senegalese preschool children when assessing the immunological consequences of intermittent preventive treatment [30].
Serological markers can be a useful tool for malaria epidemiology characterization particularly in areas with a decrease of malaria and can even contribute to the identification of malaria hot spots in order to concentrate intervention efforts. Others studies suggest that sero-epidemiological analysis will be useful tool in assessing short-term changes in exposure and malaria transmission in area with a low or seasonal transmission. It was demonstrated in Ghana, Kenya and Indonesia [40, 41].
Study limitation
The age of the study population being limited to 10 years constituted a study limitation. To better document the changing profile of malaria epidemiology, it would be relevant to extend the study to the other age groups in order to characterize the burden of the disease in the study areas.
Serological markers can be used as complementary tools for malaria survey in areas with a declining pattern of malaria in Senegal. This study provided useful baseline information about the sero-epidemiological situation of malaria in Senegal and can contribute to the identification of malaria hot spots in order to concentrate intervention efforts.
WHO (2008) Global malaria control and elimination. Technical Consultation Report. Geneva, World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/9789241596817/en/
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WHO (2010) WHO Policy recommendation on Intermittent Preventive Treatment during infancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP-IPTi) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria control in Africa. Geneva, World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/malaria/news/WHO_policy_recommendation_IPTi_032010.pdf?ua=1
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Shimp RL, Martin LB, Zhang Y, Henderson BS, Duggan P et al (2006) Production and characterization of clinical grade Escherichia coli-derived Plasmodium falciparum 42-kDa merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP142) in the absence of an affinity tag. Protein Expr Purif 50:58–67
Plassmeyer ML, Reiter K, Shimp RL, Kotova S, Smith PD, Hurt DE et al (2009) Structure of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein, a leading malaria vaccine candidate. J Biol Chem 284: 26951–26963
Corran PH, Cook J, Lynch C, Leendertse H, Manjurano A, Griffin J et al (2008) Dried blood spots as a source of anti-malarial antibodies for epidemiological studies. Malar J 7:195
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Guitard J, Cottrell G, Magnouha NM, Salanti A, Li T, Sow S et al (2008) Differential evolution of anti-VAR2CSA- IgG3 in primigravidae and multigravidae pregnant women infected by Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 7:10
Tine RC, Faye B, Ndour CT, Ndiaye JL, Ndiaye M, Bassene C et al (2011) Impact of combining intermittent preventive treatment with home management of malaria in children less than 10 years in a rural area of Senegal: a cluster randomized trial. Malar J 10:358
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Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (ANSD), Sénégal. Enquête nationale sur le paludisme 2008–2009 Juillet 2009. http://www.ansd.sn/ressources/rapports/EDS-continue_2008-2009.pdf
Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (ANSD), Sénégal. Enquête Démographique et de Santé Continue au Sénégal 2012–2013. http://www.ansd.sn/ressources/rapports/EDS-continue_2012-2013.pdf
Oduro RA, Conway DJ, Schellenberg D, Satoguina J, Greenwood BM and Bojang KA (2013) Sero-epidemiological and parasitological evaluation of the heterogeneity of malaria infection in the Gambia. Malar J 12:222
Cook J, Speybroeck N, Sochanta T, Somony H, Sokny M, Filip Claes F et al. (2012) Sero epidemiological evaluation of changes in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax transmission patterns over the rainy season in Cambodia. Malar J 11:86
Tine RT, Ndiaye M, Hansson HH, Ndour CT, Faye B, Alifrangis M et al (2012) The association between malaria parasitaemia, erythrocyte polymorphisms, malnutrition and anaemia in children less than 10 years in Senegal: a case control study. BMC Res Notes 5:565
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Bretscher MT, Supargiyono S, Wijayanti MA, Nugraheni D, Widyastuti AN, Lobo NF et al (2013) Measurement of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity using serological cohort data from Indonesian schoolchildren. Malar J 12:21
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KS, RCT, MN, DS, AS, MLT, ID, ACL, AA, MCS, MN, ASB, JLN, DN, OF, TD, YD, ON, OG, and BF conceived and designed the study. KS and RCT monitored the data collection. KS, MN, AS, and MLT collected data in the site. KS analysed the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank all patients who agreed to participate in the study. We also acknowledge Dr Patrick Duffy and Dr Richard Shimp from NIH/NIAID (National Institutes of Health/Nantional Institue of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) and Daniel Dodo, from Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana) who provided the antigens.
Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
Khadime Sylla
, Roger Clément Kouly Tine
, Magatte Ndiaye
, Doudou Sow
, Aïssatou Sarr
, Ibrahima Diouf
, Amy Colé Lô
, Annie Abiola
, Mame Cheikh Seck
, Mouhamadou Ndiaye
, Aïda Sadikh Badiane
, Jean Louis A N'Diaye
, Daouda Ndiaye
, Oumar Faye
, Thérèse Dieng
, Yémou Dieng
, Oumar Ndir
, Oumar Gaye
& Babacar Faye
Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
Marie Louise Tshibola Mbuyi
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Correspondence to Khadime Sylla.
Sylla, K., Tine, R.C.K., Ndiaye, M. et al. Sero-epidemiological evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Senegal. Malar J 14, 275 (2015) doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0789-x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0789-x
Plasmodium falciparum
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


John Oliver tackles the kidney dialysis industry (VIDEO).
But what, exactly, is kidney dialysis? Well, as Oliver explains it, "dialysis is basically where a machine acts as your kidneys by taking blood out of your body, cleaning it, and then returning it to you." Chronic kidney disease is still the ninth leading cause of death in the U.S. despite an incredible amount being spent on dialysis care. In 1972, Richard Nixon signed a law saying the government will pay for dialysis for anyone who needs it, basically establishing universal health care for only one of the body's organs. "It's like your kidneys, and only your kidneys, are Canadian," pointed out Oliver.
Since then, a vast industry has built up around kidney dialysis, mostly revolving around two for-profit companies: Fresenius Medical Care and DaVita. While both have issues, Oliver focused on DaVita and its CEO (and The Man in the Iron Mask enthusiast) Kent Thiry. DaVita facilities tend to be understaffed, have been accused of scamming the government by wasting medicine, and openly treat their patients like they're on an assembly line so that the company can keep a tight schedule, even at the expense of proper hygiene. Thiry has even directly compared running his facilities to managing Taco Bells—and in case you can't immediately see the problem with treating health care like a fast-food chain, Last Week Tonight has a commercial to show exactly why that's wrong.
Even assuming you're not already a cog in the for-profit kidney dialysis industry machine, there is something significant you can do to help: You can help ease the kidney shortage by becoming a donor yourself through a website like giveandlive.us. Or, if you'd rather wait until you really are not using those kidneys anyway, you can just tweet #WhenIDiePleaseTakeMyKidneys to establish your preference to become a donor after your death.


text:
The Airmotive EOS 001 is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Airmotive Engineers of Pontiac, Michigan. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction, but is no longer available.

Design and development
The aircraft features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat, enclosed open cockpit under a bubble canopy, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from bonded and pop riveted aluminum sheet and has a  span wing. Optimized for simplicity of construction, the design has no compound curves and requires no jigs or special tools. The standard engine intended to be supplied with the kit was the  two-stroke Hirth 2702 powerplant with a reduction gearbox that allowed the propeller to operate at lower tip speeds. This engine permits the EOS 001 to cruise at  and achieve a top level speed of . The prototype was equipped with a Volkswagen air-cooled engine.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

In 1978 the claimed completion cost was US$2,000, not counting labor.

Operational history
The prototype EOS 001 was registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 1978.

By October 2013 two examples, including the prototype, had been at one time registered in the United States with the FAA, but both registrations were later canceled and it is likely that no examples of this type exist today.

Specifications (version)

References

External links
Photo of an EOS 001

EOS 001
1970s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft


resultados para "Filament Vintage LED Bulbs"
LED filament bulbs which imitate your traditional incandescent light.
Emulating the original design of the classic Edison light bulbs, this type of LED bulbs use LED technology to guarantee the customer great energy savings while respecting the classic design. GreenIce counts in its catalog with different shapes and powers creating warm and comfortable environments. In addition, they are ideal for decorative environments where bulbs with an aesthetic touch are required.
- Respectful of the environment.
In GreenIce we have a multitude of models of Led Filament Bulbs, with a variety of shapes and powers that cover all possible styles. All this, accompanied by the advantages of Led Lighting, that is, reduction of energy consumption, a lifespan of up to 30,000 hours.


Greater Irvine Chamber President and CEO Bryan Starr has been named the 2019 Executive of the Year by the Western Association of Chamber Executives (W.A.C.E.). Starr was selected from CEOs throughout the Western United States and was formally recognized during the 2019 W.A.C.E. Conference in Anaheim in front of more than 500 attendees. Starr was honored for leading the Greater Irvine Chamber to achievements in membership attainment goals, economic development, staff empowerment, thought leadership, and positioning the organization as a leader in advancing economic vitality in greater Irvine.
Greater Irvine Chamber Vice President of Operations Jessica Welch, IOM, received the 2019 W.A.C.E. Gerald W. Hathaway Staff Person of the Year award, for contributions made to advance chamber goals and systems. She was nominated from among thousands of chamber staff members across the western states. Welch serves on the W.A.C.E Board of Directors and the W.A.C.E. Foundation, and chairs the organization's Emerging Leaders Council.
The Chamber received a 2019 Outstanding Chamber Program Award for its economic development team's Irvine Ready! foreign direct investment initiative. The Chamber also earned a Special Merit award for its IRVINE Uniquely Qualified video.
Sharing his expertise, Starr co-presented the breakout session "Beyond the Basics - Taking You and Your Chamber to the Next Level," along with Eli Matthews of the Medford/Jackson County Chamber in Oregon. The session was moderated by Welch, who also co-presented "Executive Leadership - Governance, Board Management, Team Building," with Lisa Kruger, ACE, of the Lake Havasu Area Chamber. Laura Perdew, director of communications at the Greater Irvine Chamber, co-presented "Communications Tips from Award Recipients," along with Bethany Wiekamp of the Greater Riverside Chambers.
Greater Irvine Chamber staff members also attending the 2019 W.A.C.E. Conference, Feb. 6 - 8 – continuing their professional development and bringing further expertise to the Chamber and greater Irvine – were Kaitlynn Irvine, events manager; Danielle Spellman, membership services manager; Anna Spitz, communications coordinator; and Tracy Yannotti, finance administrator.
For more information on the Greater Irvine Chamber, visit GreaterIrvineChamber.com.


text:
Een overzicht van de 272 gemeenten in de Spaanse provincie Navarra. In de eerste kolom staat het gemeentenummer, waarvan de eerste twee cijfers verwijzen naar de provincie met nummer 31000.

Navarra


Cames Pieces of lead into which the glass edges are placed.
Cathedral Glass Can be clear or coloured but essentially will let light through and you can see through it unless the texture prevents this.
Clear Glass Not necessarily see through as the texture may prevent this but any glass that does not have colour.
Coloured glass Glass that is not clear usually the colour is all the way through the glass (not to be confused with the imperfection of the green tinge of clear float glass). The colour has been created during the glass manufacturing process.
Conservation Protection, management and retention of the original.
Cullet Off cuts of glass. Irregular in shape and size and usually sold by weight and pre packed.
Fensa Stands for Fenestration Self-assessment Scheme. Unless your building is listed you must obtain a certificate of compliance. Only a Fensa registered installer or the Local Authority Building control can issue these.
Float Glass A method of producing glass so that it is perfectly flat on both sides. The molten glass is 'floated' onto a bed of hot melted tin.
Glass Fusing The action of bending and or melting glass together in a kiln.
Grain Glass sometimes has a perceived grain however this is only colours lying within a piece of glass and there is no real grain to glass.
Laminated Glass Two pieces of glass stuck together by a plastic interlayer which holds the glass together if it is broken(Like modern car windscreens).
Leaded Glass A window that has the glass held in place with lead cames.
Leaded Light A light is an old traditional name for a window. Nowadays Leaded Light is generally used to describe a window that uses leads to hold clear glass in various designs with the most common being diamonds or rectangles.
Opal Glass Glass that has a solid colour preventing images being seen through it but allowing light through depending on the density of colour (e.g. black opal glass allows no light through it).
Opal Streaky A combination of Opal and Cathedral glass in the same sheet so elements of the glass are see through and others not.
Painting on Glass Specially prepared paints that are applied to cold glass which is then fired in a kiln to fire the paint into the glass permanently.
RAL A recognised system for conveying a standard colour in a number format (another method is the Pantone system but the UK generally uses the RAL system).
Restoration Re new, repair or re-establish.
Stained Glass A name correctly applied to glass that has been hand painted with various stains and paints which is then fired in a kiln to transform it to a permanent image.
Texture Various methods are used to create an imperfect surface on one side of the glass this is call the texture. Always one side of the glass will be shiny (the side we cut).
Tinned Coating by the application of a solder containing lead/tin.
Window Guards Guards are used to protect valuable glass. They are normally either, clear laminated glass, powder coated stainless steel mesh, polycarbonate or isothermic. There are pros and cons to each method. We carry out a survey to advise on the best options for any particular problem.
Toughened Glass A process that heats the glass and then rapidly cools it. This creates tension in the glass so that if it accidentally gets broken it shatters into small pieces.


text:
Social Development/
Report on the Licensing Bill
Minutes of Evidence 2014-2015
Forward Work Plan
Members' Attendance at Committee Meetings
Committee Consultations
Legislation - Committee Stage of Bills
Building Future Homes Event
Report on the Houses in Multiple Occupation Bill - NIA Bill 60/11-16
Report on the Housing (Amendment) Bill NIA 58/11-16
End of Session Report 1 September 2014 to 31 August 2015
Report on the Regeneration Bill (NIA Bill 43/11-16)
Inquiry into allegations, arising from a BBC NI Spotlight programme aired on 3 July 2013, of impropriety or irregularity relating to NIHE managed contracts and consideration of any resulting actions – Phase 2
Session: Session currently unavailable
Reference: NIA 296/11-16
Mandate Number: 2011-16
licensing-bill-report.pdf (384.69 kb)
1. The Bill aims to establish outdoor stadia on the same footing as the SSE Arena – an indoor stadium – in respect of liquor licensing.
2. The Committee believes that the requirement for outdoor stadia, exemplified by the Kingspan Stadium, to make repeated applications for occasional licences was not consistent with the aim of the principal Order.
3. The Committee therefore accepts that the licensing arrangements that apply to the SSE Arena are applicable as a template for outdoor stadia.
4. The Committee therefore supports the Bill's aim to introduce a new type of licence applicable to outdoor stadia as defined in the Bill.
5. The Committee acknowledges that the stadia business plans are likely to include the use of licensed areas for functions. The Committee noted that functions could only be held in those parts of the stadium that have been deemed suitable for functions.
6. Where there are applications for late licences these are restricted to 6 functions per year for the licence holder. The Committee also noted that an occasional licence allows a licensed area to open until 1am. The Committee was therefore content that the Bill is more restrictive in that regard than the current arrangements.
7. External bodies can also hold functions in a stadium, subject to agreement of the stadium management and in accordance with the principal Order, and also apply for a late licence if required. The Bill only allows for applications to be made for such extensions and, as with any application for an extension to a licence, objections can be lodged with the clerk of petty sessions. Where an objection is not withdrawn then under article 47(3) of the 1996 Order the application for the extension must be made to the court.
8. The Committee is therefore content that the Bill simply reflects the existing provisions in the principal Order and that there are sufficient checks and balances to ensure that applications for late licenses can be challenged and decided upon by the court.
9. In relation to allowing under-18s in licensed parts of a stadium after 9pm the Committee was content that clause 4 provides sufficient flexibility for conditions to be attached to a license if the PSNI have concerns.
10. The Committee also acknowledges that the three governing bodies of the sports in question are professionally managed organisations whose primary focus is on the promotion of their respective sport not the selling of alcohol, though the Committee also notes that sponsors of the two competitions Ulster Rugby participates in include drinks companies.
11. The Committee believes an anomaly in the principal Order in relation to Sunday opening can be addressed by a new clause which would bring consistency to licensing law in respect of places of public entertainment namely, licensed tracks.
12. The Committee notes the concerns of residents about antisocial behaviour fuelled by alcohol that can arise following a sport's game. It therefore welcomes the establishment of a stadium community committee by Ulster Rugby to address these concerns.
13. The Committee therefore makes the following recommendations:
Recommendation 1
14. The Committee welcomes the assurance given by Ulster Rugby to establish a stadium community committee to discuss and address concerns of residents regarding the operation of the stadium and its impact on the local area.
The Committee recommends that all outdoor stadia, as defined in the Bill, that are located in residential areas, should establish a stadium community committee for this purpose. The Committee will be writing to the Ulster GAA and the IFA Stadium Development Company seeking assurances on this matter.
15. The Committee also agreed to recommend in its End-of-Mandate report that the Committee for Communities monitors progress on this issue over the course of the new Mandate.
16. It is clear to the Committee that reform of liquor licensing laws is long overdue. Legislation to address this should be introduced to the Assembly by the Minister for Communities in the new Mandate as a matter of priority.
Dowload the full report


text:
What IndyGo wants drivers to know about the Red Line
Posted: Jul 30, 2019 / 11:21 PM EST / Updated: Jul 30, 2019 / 11:24 PM EST
INDIANAPOLIS (WISH) – Red lanes and red stripes are turning into red flags for drivers that the IndyGo Red Line is coming soon.
You've likely noticed the new street markings popping up across Indianapolis. If you're like us, they've probably got you asking questions.
With about a month to go before the Red Line is operational, IndyGo is eager to help drivers understand these changes.
That's because drivers are pretty confused, especially when it comes to making left turns when you have this new median in the middle of the street.
News 8's Jenny Dreasler took those concerns right to the source and got answers from IndyGo.
"It really caught me off guard, I mean, I really have no idea what exactly the Red Line is," said driver Lauren Xanders.
Over Labor Day weekend, 13 new electric buses will take to the streets to make up IndyGo's new Red Line bus rapid transit.
But Indy drivers are still trying to figure out what they can and can't do when it comes to navigating around it.
"I was confused as to whether I was in the wrong lane, watching cars in front of me get into the lane I initially thought was for buses," said driver Haven Hutchens.
Q: Can you drive over the median that runs along the route?
A: "Everyday drivers are encouraged not to cross over the lane and to make those left-hand turns at signalized intersections," said Lauren Day, IndyGo director of public relations.
Q: What lanes are for buses and which can drivers stick to?
A: "It depends on what street you're driving on. On College, the bus will actually straddle that median. On Meridian, the median is separating the bus only lanes from the regular travel lanes," said Day.
Q: How can drivers legally make a left-hand turn without crossing over the new median?
A: You need to drive to the nearest traffic signal and make a legal left turn there, or a legal U-turn, if it's allowed.
Day said as the Red Line reaches its final stretch of construction, IndyGo will release more instructional videos for driver and passengers. In the meantime, she's asking drivers for patience and urges them to pay attention.
"We absolutely understand that this is different. We have different lane markings, different signage, different configurations with the stations," said Day.
"People drive on it every single day, so not understanding it obviously you're going to break the rules," said Hutchens.
"There needs to be some type of communication, some type of signage, whatever there needs to be communication, some type of signage that makes drivers aware of what were supposed to be doing on the road," said Hutchens.
If you're caught making a left over the median, you can get a ticket.
IMPD says it will be enforcing the new rules of the road and will be keeping an eye out for violations.


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text:
Q: Scrapy: AttributeError: module 'OpenSSL.SSL' I'm running Scrapy in pipenv virtual environment on Window 10 OS.
my code:
# QuoteSpider.py

import scrapy

class QuoteSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'quotes'
    start_urls = [
        'http://quotes.toscrape.com/'
    ]

    def parse(self, response):
        title = response.css('title').get()
        yield {'titletext': title}

After running Scrapy, I received the following error:
2022-09-26 19:44:35 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 2.6.2 started (bot: quotetutorial)
2022-09-26 19:44:35 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.9.1.0, libxml2 2.9.12, cssselect 1.1.0, parsel 1.6.0, w3lib 2.0.1, Twisted 22.8.0, Python 3.10.2 (tags/v3.10.2:a58ebcc, Jan 17 2022, 14:12:15) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 22.1.0 (OpenSSL 3.0.5 5 Jul 2022), cryptography 38.0.1, Platform Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
2022-09-26 19:44:35 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings:
{'BOT_NAME': 'quotetutorial',
 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'quotetutorial.spiders',
 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True,
 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['quotetutorial.spiders']}
2022-09-26 19:44:35 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using reactor: twisted.internet.selectreactor.SelectReactor
2022-09-26 19:44:35 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: db575bc3af5b4b08
2022-09-26 19:44:35 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2022-09-26 19:44:35 [scrapy.core.downloader.handlers] ERROR: Loading "scrapy.cor

                                                                               ort_module\utils\misc.py", line 61, in load_objectline 49, in _load_handler
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_importne 126, in import_module\utils\misc.py", line 61, in load_objectline 49, in _load_handler
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)THOD' recommended
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_importne 126, in import_module\utils\misc.py", line 61, in load_objectline 49, in _load_handler
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)THOD' recommended
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_importne 126, in import_module\utils\misc.py", line 61, in load_objectgs __init__sneCallbacks
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)crawler)commended
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_importne 126, in impo
  File "C:\Users\Seraph776\.virtualenvs\BuildwithPython-3cHuoDPB\lib\site-packag
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_loadodule
Traceback (most recent call last):ap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked

  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked            ort_module\utils\misc.py", line 61, in load_objectgs __init__sdule>>
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)crawler)ETHOD'
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_importne 126, in impBuildwithPython\quotetutorial>.py", line 23, in <module>in <module>>
AttributeError: module 'OpenSSL.SSL' has no attribute 'SSLv3_METHOD' recommended

I have read a few other responses related to this issue; none of them work. That is why I am asking again. I have also tried the follwing with no luck:

*

*Uninstalling and install pyopenssl

*Upgrading pyopenssl
pip install pyOpenSSL~=22.1.0

*Upgrading requests
pip install pyOpenSSL~=2.28.1

Thanks for any help

A: Was having the same problem. I downgraded to pyOpenSSL==22.0.0 and now I'm back in business. I suspect it's a compatibility issue that scrapy will catch up to.

A: I also tried the above steps - to no avail - and this finally fixed it: Among the errors was one pointing to Scrapys "tls.py". There you find the following code:
openssl_methods = {
    METHOD_TLS: SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,                      # protocol negotiation (recommended)
    # METHOD_SSLv3: SSL.SSLv3_METHOD,                     # SSL 3 (NOT recommended)
    METHOD_TLSv10: SSL.TLSv1_METHOD,                    # TLS 1.0 only
    METHOD_TLSv11: getattr(SSL, 'TLSv1_1_METHOD', 5),   # TLS 1.1 only
    METHOD_TLSv12: getattr(SSL, 'TLSv1_2_METHOD', 6),   # TLS 1.2 only
}

I commented the line containing "METHOD_SSLv3" out and now its working again.


Took the kids to mom's this weekend. We have had a really good time. Took the kid's to the square to see the lights. Helped to do some yardwork as well before the weather turned nasty. The outside evening pics had a temperature of 27F and a windchill of 20F. The outside morning pictures had a temperature of 50F. Ironic for the first day of winter.


How can Saint Paul improve its business climate? Find out what issues are important to businesses, and what solutions can be offered to the City, at our next Economic Development meeting.
Our Economic Development meetings are a way for members with an interest in economic development to learn about projects, primarily but not limited to the Midway community. Projects discussed have included new commercial buildings, housing complexes, transportation/transit issues, stadiums and arenas, and the Snelling/Midway site.
Please join us the fourth Tuesday of most months for our Economic Development Meetings and get a insider's view of what is happening in the area.


text:
James Bond 007: Blood Stone Announced
Post by Dan @ 01:58pm 19/07/10 | 7 Comments
Activision continue to flex their licensing muscle on the James Bond franchise with another 007 new title in the works for multiple platforms. James Bond 007: Blood Stone will be an all new adventure for the British secret agent and development of the game is interestedly being handled by Bizarre Creations, the UK studio best known for the Project Gotham Racing series, Geometry Wars and more recently Blur.
Oddly the announcement seems to be more about phaffing over how they have some British pop singer signed on to play the "bond girl" and is incredibly light on details about the actual game. No kidding, the press release was accompanied by three photos of this woman (No, go google Joss Stone) and no screenshots (although we dug a couple up here. Anyway, here's the section of PR that isn't about said pop sensation:
James Bond 007: Blood Stone features the likeness and voice talent of Daniel Craig, Joss Stone and Judi Dench and features an epic, original story developed by legendary screenwriter Bruce Feirstein. Players can engage in cover-based firefights, lethal hand-to-hand combat and speed their way through explosive adrenaline-fueled driving sequences as they embark on a global chase leading to action on land and sea through Athens, Istanbul, Monaco and Bangkok. Gamers can also feel what it is like to be a 00 agent, as they take the battle online in several robust 16-person multi-player modes that require skill, teamwork and strategy as players compete in matches that will have spies battling mercenaries.
Check out the debut trailer here on AusGamers.
James Bond 007: Blood Stone is in the works for PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, with a Nintendo DS game being developed separately by n-Space. No release window has yet been specified.
james bond007blood stonetrailerannounced
Posted 02:03pm 19/7/10
S***** announcement aside, this could actually be pretty cool. Very interested to see what Bizarre can do outside of the car racing space. Much keener for this kind of stuff than the new Goldeneye game at any rate.
My favourite Bond game was Everything or Nothing and this seems to be the same kind of recipe - particularly since EA's EoN used their Need for Speed driving engine for the vehicle parts and Bizarre are obviously no stranger to that side of the action.
Mantorok
Well, Bizarre Creations did make The Club:
Mr.Bumpy
I certainly hope it's much better than Quantum of Solace. I bought it recently ($8, LOL!) and it's really mediocre so far. The game's so linear it might as well be on rails! One aspect which I really hated were the awful, pre-rendered, CG cutscenes that featured terrible mannequins of every character. The mannequins were so bad they look like they've been modelled using EA's The Sims character creator! This trailer for Bloodstone is no different :-(
Khel
Yeah, Everything or Nothing was fantastic, not only was the gameplay great but it really nailed the feeling of being Bond.
I wish they wouldn't waste time and energy adding multiplayer though. I mean, I guess they need the bulletpoint on the back of the box but is anyone really going to be buying a game like this for its multiplayer? Or spend more than a couple of hours actually playing it multiplayer? I dunno, I guess its a value add, but when theres so many top-notch multiplayer games already out there, I'd prefer they just spent the time an energy making a kickass singleplayer bond game.
Much keener for this kind of stuff than the new Goldeneye game at any rate.
1080p ftw
yer, who needs gameplay when you have 1080p!!!!!111!11!
Methz
+1 for Joss Stone. /drools


Results attached at bottom of this page.
Tim Davies Tim Davies of Mercia and Michael James of Shrewsbury produced a real cracker of a race for the 19th Cardington Cracker Fell Race, organised by Telford Athletic Club. The tough 9 mile race from Cardington near Church Stretton attracted a record equalling 253 finishers as Welshpool based GB International Tim Davies, who was 8th in this Summer's European Championships, also set a new course record.
Tim Davies Michael James Sunny but very windy conditions greeted the large field, but Davies and James went straight to the front and quickly established a healthy lead. They were together as they reached the top of the first climb the Lawley, where gale force winds almost blew runners off their feet. These two had had a great battle in the Breidden Hills Race in October and this was to be an even closer affair. Mike James, from Ditherington, who gained his first English international vest in the World Championships held in Turkey in September, took a slight lead on Caer Caradoc, thew second climb in the race. Davies' never say die attitude saw him claw back the lead as the runners approached the third climb onto the Hope Bowdler ridge. As the two came onto the Wilderness an area before the descent into Cardington, Davies established a lead. Once he felt he was getting away, he piled on the pressure to cross the finish line in a new record time of 1 hour 9 minutes and 43 seconds, the first man to ever break 70 minutes and to break the old record set by Dave Neill in 1998 of 1.10.11, by a clear 28 seconds. It is the 5th time that the Welshman has won the race, previous wins were in 1995,2001,2003 and 2005.
James although having to settle for second, ran the second fastest ever time, in his race debut,of 1.10.01 and should feel delighted at the part he played in such a great race. The times were amazing in the windiest conditions that runners have experienced in the 19 year history of the event.
Tom Owens, a recent addition to the Mercia club, was 3rd having a superb run the day after racing in the Birmingham Cross Country League, he crossed the finishing line in 1.13.23. His team maate Pete Vale was 4th to consolidate another excellent performance for the events Mr Consistency as he has finished in the top 7 for the last 5 years, but his time of 1.14.32 was 30 seconds faster than his previous best. Richard Roberts from Eryri, 6th in the North Wales Cross Country League the week before was 5th in 1.18.17. Church Stretton based, Ian Hughes running for Shrewsbury AC was 7th in 1.20.42.
The 2005 World Masters Fell Running Champion, won the womens race in 1.26.22, finishing 31st in the race overall, just under a minute outside Amanda Wright's course record set last year. Bristol and West's Helen Fines was second in 1.29.20 with Shrewsbury's Welsh International Anna Bartlett 3rd in 1.30.23, her fastest ever time on the course by 26 seconds.Tattenhall's Sarah Hammond was 4th,1.38.21.Mercia's, Shrewsbury based teacher Rachel Bollom,ran well for 5th 1.40, with Ludlow Runners' Penny Priest was 6th home in 1.40.25, with Shropshire Shufflers Val Swingler 7th in 1.42.18 and Shrewsbury AC's international triathlete Grace Chillingworth was 8th in 1.43.01.


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