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CISO Series Defense in Depth: The Iran Cybersecurity Threat
The Iran conflict has threatened new retaliations, including cyber retaliation, causing panic as we don't know where the threats will come from or who they will affect. It often takes a scare like this to get organizations to pay closer attention to their threat detection strategies and incident response capabilities. Nicholas Hayden, Senior Director of Threat Intelligence at Anomali sits down with David Spark, creator of CISO Series, and Allan Alford, Delivery CISO at NTT Data Services, to discuss how an organization needs to stay grounded and focused in these times of uncertainty instead of immediately implementing DEFCON 1 measures.
Listen to this podcast and you'll hear more on:
Why you shouldn't wait for an international incident to occur to review your security posture
Start practicing your incident response plans and your disaster recovery now
Assume the worst-case scenario, but don't immediately go into DEFCON 1
Keep discussions with the C-Suite as risk-based conversations
Be mindful of becoming complacent or overreacting
Manage your threat intelligence consistently over time for the best defense against cyberattacks
Download the Islamic Republic of Iran Cybersecurity Profile from Anomali Threat Research for further information on Iran's cyber-strategy and capabilities.
DAVID SPARK: The Iran conflict has threatened new retaliations, and we don't know where they're going to come from.
Cyber retaliation is a real possibility.
Who's being threatened and how should we prepare?
WOMAN: You're listening to Defense in Depth.
DAVID SPARK: Welcome to Defense in Depth.
My name is David Spark I am the producer of the CISO Series.
Joining me as always is Alan Alford.
We are available at cisoseries.com.
Our sponsor for today's episode is Anomali.
That is Anomali with an i at the end, Anomali.
We thank them for sponsoring this episode of the podcast.
So the reason we're talking about this is a lot of companies are showing a lot of concern.
Vendors that I have spoken to say they're getting flooded with calls from customers asking what do we do.
So Alan set us up.
ALAN ALFORD: This is a timely topic.
But honestly one that should be on our minds far more often than just when such an extreme and specific incident occurs.
DAVID SPARK: Yes.
ALAN ALFORD: We chose this topic now because of how many folks are out there churning at the moment, but I think it's something we need to focus on all the time.
Some vendors are ignoring, others are exploiting the situation, it's the usual some vendors adopt the flight approach.
Practitioners reactions are all over the map and a lot of folks have a lot of questions.
So we're hoping to dive into this and get into it a little more.
DAVID SPARK: And by the way I'm going to give a major qualifier for this episode before we really jump in.
Like you would see on a medical website, don't assume that the advice that's been given out here is prescriptive.
Consult your security consultant or whoever you speak to, your local ceaser or whatever it is, for advice in your specific situation.
We're going to be talking about in some cases generalities, what certain industries do.
So I don't want people to take everything that is being said or anything specific as prescriptive as you must do this now.
Are we on the same page with that Alan?
ALAN ALFORD: Sounds good to me.
DAVID SPARK: All right.
Now I want to bring in on our sponsored guest, who is perfect for this subject because, well, heck, he is looking at threats all the time not just when everybody's ears are perked up.
It is Nicholas Hayden he is the global head of threat intelligence for Anomali.
Nicholas, thank you so much for joining us.
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Thank you for having me, David.
I'm happy to be here.
Where do we begin?
DAVID SPARK: Christoph DeLong of Conquest Federal summarized the US department of Homeland Security's CISO cyber cybersecurity advice and I looked through it and it seemed like just general good cyber security, bur not necessarily tied specifically to Iranian attacks.
And MWD Robbins, a contractor at Booz Allen Hamilton said, quote, I personally do not see any difference because in my opinion both cyber threats and cyber warfare have become 100% transnational dealing with organized criminal networks.
This will kind of teasing what you said at the onset Alan.
Everything we're hearing is just sort of, do the basics like you should be doing ALAN ALFORD: I think it's a little more than that.
But to MWD Robin's point, it's a fair point.
North Korea has shown us that the difference between nation state attacks and criminal attacks can be non-existent.
They can be one and the same.
So that peace is there for certain.
And as far as what the CSA advised, you're correct.
Chris's advice if you look through it, and again he was just summarizing the report, it's what I call the fundamentals.
Harden your systems, disable and data and protocols, patch monitor backup, etc.
These are all the activities that should be ongoing part and parcel and not just things that arise when incidents arise.
DAVID SPARK: Very, very good point.
I'm going to take this to you Nicholas.
Is it just basic advice keep doing what you're doing or when issues like this come up, is there a heightened need to do more?
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: So, yeah, I would have to echo what Mr.
Robins and Alan are both saying is, yeah, it is business as usual at this point.
We have attacks coming from all different avenues, all different perspectives.
There is a match between the different threat actors, whether it be nation, state or criminal.
They're both coming at you.
They're both using the same tactics and techniques.
And in fact, now within the threat intelligence base we're actually seeing the attribution cross pollinating so that they can cause false flags, which is the perception of one act of threat act to group that is utilizing tactics and techniques of another threat act to group in order to hide their tracks, so to speak.
So, yes, this is business as usual.
The one advice that I would give is that now is a good time to start practicing your incident response plans in your disaster recovery because as it's been stated time and time again it is not a matter of if, it is a matter of when.
So during these times of heightened security that is probably the best time to start practicing and making sure that there are no holes in your processing procedures with regards to instant response in disaster recovery.
DAVID SPARK: And we're going to get into this a little bit more later in the show.
But the reality, and I'm going to ask you again Nicholas, is that sometimes sadly we need these kinds of threat for us to start paying attention to our own security.
ALAN ALFORD: Yes.
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Absolutely.
As a general rule of thumb, most of the companies that I've ever been a part of or have ever spoken to is they have a documented instant response and disaster recovery plan that should be challenged and executed at least once every 13 months.
But the problem is is that doesn't always happen.
And then when the time comes that you actually need it, that's when you start to find out that there are holes and gaps and some misunderstandings.
WOMAN: How do we handle this?
DAVID SPARK: Paul Callaghan of Data Defense Solutions said, quote, nation state risks need to be considered in a threat profile for any org or agency.
And sort of you were kind of tipping this like look at your incident response situation, Nicholas.
And I also want to mention what Travis Howard of the US Navy office of Legislative Affairs said, quote, investing in threat hunting and dwell time reduction is what it takes to eject an APT.
Facing a state sponsored APT is a different ballgame.
So at that point right they're going to go to you, Nicholas.
Is that what it takes to get rid of an APT?
I mean, like, first of all, we don't know necessarily if we're facing an APT.
Let's start with that, each individual company.
So where should they take this and what does ejection look like?
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Yeah.
And you're spot on, David.
You don't always know if you're facing an APT.
I think the point is that you should just assume everything is an apt, always assume the worst case scenarios.
But dwell-- DAVID SPARK: Let me just pause here for a second.
Always assume the worst-- doesn't that get into a DEFCON 5 all the time and people just can't maintain at that level?
Or am I wrong in this thinking?
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: This day and age, I would say that that's not completely accurate.
So you wouldn't go to DEFCON data or unless some of your critical business systems are compromised.
So the DEFCON 5 would come after the fact, after you realized-- DAVID SPARK: OK.
So you're not saying that everyone should be on ludicrous heightened alert all the time.
Go on.
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Precisely.
Yeah, absolutely.
And what I mean by saying that you should assume that it's always apt, assume that they're hidden.
Assume that they've migrated their processes, they've hidden themselves, they're only beginning out.
Assume that you have to go above and beyond for the detection capability.
You go into DEFCON when you start hemorrhaging data or your business, your critical business assets have actually been compromised.
Let me then take this to you, Alan.
At what level, you know, when something like this comes about, do you start obsessing about do I have any PT on our network?
ALAN ALFORD: I'm with Nicholas on this one.
And the reason is you have to assume the worst case scenario.
It used to be that one little event would occur, like I don't know, let's say you find one phishing email.
And you would dismiss it, and contain it, and move on about your business.
These days, you have to assume that a phishing email is part of an attack chain that is part of some sort of intended larger scale effort, that it's part of possible ransomware, whatever it might be.
So I think this idea that everything could be treated as an actual APT, I think is valid.
So I'm there with that.
DAVID SPARK: Let me pause.
Let's just say you get a phishing email, and you say, we have to assume this is part of an attack chain.
What are you then doing at that point, instead of just saying, oh we got the phishing email, it's gone.
What are you doing after the fact?
ALAN ALFORD: So it's going to depend on the circumstances.
But you know, you're looking at IP addresses.
You're looking at domain.
You're looking at sender.
You're scanning all your inboxes to see if similar emails have been sent, anything from the same IP, anything with the same keywords.
You know, you're looking for other presence.
You're then looking through network and firewall logs to determine if those IP addresses were related to anything else for those domains, you know, et cetera.
So you're going to take that one piece of evidence you have and you're going to expand your search around it and look for threats in other areas and nooks and crannies of your business that might tie back to the same source.
DAVID SPARK: So essentially you're going to use that, what you might think is a first attack, as a piece of evidence to do deeper investigation.
ALAN ALFORD: Exactly, exactly.
Now let's be honest though.
My post was created without any acknowledgment of any hard intel on the subject, right?
I mean, I had a very general post about, hey, what are you thinking about Iran.
And I knew the defense folks and the intel folks and the law enforcement folks would see my post.
And I predicted that they probably wouldn't really do a lot of responding.
And the reason is those folks have got access to a lot harder intel than we have.
But it's not necessarily intel that they can or want to share.
If you've got a pretty good hard detail set on what's exactly coming out of Iran, you're not going to just jump on the internet and publish that.
So I expected it to be sort of radio silence on that end.
So to Travis Howard's point, I think there are real concerns there specific and unique.
And there are hard data there, there is hard data there specific and unique.
But that doesn't mean the rest of us necessarily have it.
DAVID SPARK: I want to mention something that Jesse Lyon of Bizinsure said, quote "a consequence of last week is going to come from China and Russia helping Iran with cyber attacks." So I'm going to ask you, Nicholas, how exactly does China and Russia help Iran with cyber attacks?
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: So whenever we look at cyber, or even the missiles going across and hitting the different bases, it's all based on foreign policy.
So war comes about when foreign policy or foreign negotiations fail.
And so the same thing can be said true with the cyber attacks.
They're very similar to kinetic attacks.
Now one of the things that I think that Iran will utilize is Russia and China's cyber expertise.
It's been known throughout history that Russia has been very good at setting hooks into the different industries.
So for example, there has been proof that Russia has had hooks either in the past or maybe even currently within the electrical sector, their energy sector within the US.
Now if I was in Iran's shoes, one of the things that I would look towards is disrupting the oil and gas industry within the US.
So from a foreign policy perspective, if I was Iran, I would be negotiating with Iraq and some of the other leaders within that industry who supply oil and gas to a good portion of the world and start to disrupt the US based oil and gas industry.
Such that the US needs Iran, that not only disrupts our economy.
So for example, I live in the Middle East, or not in the Middle East.
I live in the Northeast, I apologize.
And so if you start raising my heating and oil expenses, that drastically affects the economy within the Northeast and within those colder areas, also in the northern central areas as well.
So by disrupting that, you're actually disrupting the economy within the US, which is a little scary.
And then it puts Iran in a position of power, because of the oil and natural gas, oil and gas industry that they have control over with regards to selling back to the US.
[MUSIC PLAYING] WOMAN: Why are they behaving this way?
DAVID SPARK: Brian Sander of High Trust said pretty much what Nicholas said just a moment ago, which is this is a great opportunity and/or excuse to evangelize review basic cyber hygiene and security posture.
Tim Vander Mill, C3 technology advisor, said we have a customer whose board member now wants to be a part of some of the conversations we're having.
Which is great, because education is taking place.
It's unfortunate sometimes it takes events like this to spur that action.
So I'm going to throw this again to you, Nicholas.
This is a normal pattern that all of a sudden we become heightened when a big news item like this happens.
But as we know from what Iran is historically done, they may not take action for months or years.
So being heightened now may not necessarily be of any value.
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: That is correct.
So being heightened now, as I mentioned before about the instant response, right, everyone develops a plan and starts a plan and then has the full intention of practicing the plan within the 13 month period.
But as time progresses, we all get sloppy by nature.
Now the one thing I will say that this is an excellent opportunity because of the heightened senses for every CISO to essentially sell to the board on fear.
We have this threat.
This is what we need for resources.
So I would say for, if I was in a CISO position, I would use this opportunity as a selling approach to fill in those missing gaps within your security program that historically speaking you haven't been able to get the funding for.
DAVID SPARK: Let me [INAUDIBLE] check, because we're kind of a little anti-fear on this show, or selling a fear.
And we've talked about how fear is sold by vendors and sold internally, too, as well.
Explain to me how you would settle-- you're not going to come in and go, oh my god, you guys, the walls are crashing in, we've got to spend money right now.
I mean, what is the appropriate selling point here?
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: So the first thing I would do is look at what your security program is and find the gaps.
So for example, maybe you don't have a threat intelligence program that has been implemented.
Or maybe you're missing a certain toolset within your disaster recovery.
Or maybe there is not a good interaction between you and the marketing with regards to the disaster recovery plan.
So utilize this as an opportunity to fill in those gaps in order to strengthen your defense in depth strategy.
DAVID SPARK: All right, Alan, let me take this to you.
So what would be your sort of advice?
It's like, all right, I'm going to use this situation for my benefit here.
But I don't want to sell fear too hard.
How would you approach this?
ALAN ALFORD: I guess first of all, I want to comment on Bryan Sanders' comment about reviewing the basic cyber hygiene.
Ever since [INAUDIBLE] [?
Levi ?] was on the show, I'm a big believer in I don't call it basic anymore, I call it fundamental.
And the reason for that is basic makes it sound like it's easy.
Fundamental is the same definition, but doesn't have that implication that it's easy to do.
Fundamentals are the fundamentals.
They're the building blocks.
But it may take a while to lay those building blocks.
So if the board comes to me, or the CEO comes to me, and says, hey, this Iran business, what are we doing about it.
I'm going to have a good answer that says, we're exercising the fundamentals.
Maybe to Nicholas' point, we're going to run an IR cycle, a trial run, you know desktop.
Maybe we're going to test our BCP, whatever it might be, that is normal part and parcel, but maybe you accelerate the schedule.
And if there's truly a gap in my program, if I truly feel like there's tools I don't have or people I don't have or whatever, I might bring it up if they bring it up.
But I'm not going to go knocking down their door and screaming the sky is falling, gimme, gimme, gimme.
But I expect them to come to me on this kind of event anyway.
And we'll have an honest and open conversation.
I'm feeling pretty darn prepared here.
And I've got this and that and the other, but you know, it would be nice if we had this, there is a slight risk of that.
And keep it, you know, keep it as a risk based conversation.
But I would wait for them to come to me.
DAVID SPARK: You don't have to give any specifics, but I got to assume there has been talk in your companies about this subject, yes, Alan?
ALAN ALFORD: Well, sure.
Folks have asked.
Folks have brought up questions and, you know, conversations have been had for sure.
DAVID SPARK: Are they at a hysteria level?
Like is it just more confusion?
ALAN ALFORD: I think it's more confusion.
I haven't seen any hysteria.
But again, when you've got the fundamentals under control and you know you have the fundamentals under control, there's no reason to panic.
DAVID SPARK: So let me ask the same question to you, Nicholas.
Like I'm assuming this topic has come up already.
Is it at a point of confusion?
Is it a point of are we susceptible?
Where are they when concerned customers or potential customers come to you?
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Yes, it is hysteria.
That's what we're seeing.
DAVID SPARK: Oh, OK, NICHOLAS HAYDEN: We get constant requests.
Now keep in mind that threat intelligence is risks based.
It's fear.
That's the basis of what it is.
You're afraid of something's going to happen.
So you're going to try to find out as much information as you possibly can.
So, but yes, we're getting requests that look like, show me and give me everything that is related to Iran that could possibly be a threat to us.
When you do threat intelligence or threat collections, it's really not that simple.
There is an assumption that is going on that individuals or companies are collecting everything about everyone and know every bit of detail about everyone.
So at a push of a finger, you can just deliver that information.
DAVID SPARK: Push of a button, I'm assuming you're trying to say.
Use a finger to do the pushing.
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Yeah, yeah.
But yeah, so there is some mass hysteria on it.
And you know, from our perspective, it's a matter of grounding people and letting people know that it really is business as usual.
We will supply threat intel reports based on what we have from Iran.
But as a general rule of thumb, you're probably not going to get every bit of information around the world of every possible situation, of every possible scenario that Iran could be scaling up.
[MUSIC PLAYING] WOMAN: If you look at the problem this way.
DAVID SPARK: Rob Earl of Avira offers some advice that was originally produced by the British government in 1939.
He said, and that's keep calm and carry on.
Should it be situation normal and just do what you're regularly doing, which we've essentially touched upon at this point.
And David Sterling at CISO at Zions Bank Corporation said, there is a lot of tension initially while this is in the news, but the biggest challenge will be maintaining vigilance for weeks and months ahead, as we had mentioned earlier.
You can't ask your lay colleagues to be on heightened alert for months on end.
Again, we reference this.
So Andrew Garcia of Entity also asked, do you ask your team to do an extra good job, better than what they have been doing in the past.
Part of the problem could be hysteria and fear we are creating ourselves.
So I'll start with you, Alan.
People think they should do something differently.
What do you tell them at this point?
ALAN ALFORD: Yeah, so I wanted to point out one thing.
We were earlier talking about DEFCON.
And it's actually DEFCON 1 is the highest alert stage.
DAVID SPARK: Oh, so I had it completely wrong.
ALAN ALFORD: The scale goes backwards.
But if you look at what DEFCON 1 is from the military perspective, right, what is the military doing when it's DEFCON 1?
Certain folks are working longer shifts.
More people are put on different tasks.
There's an upping and ramping up of resources when DEFCON 1 hits.
In the private sector and in most companies, we don't necessarily have that luxury.
In other words, oh, Iran happened.
Let's hire eight more threat intel guys real quick.
Let's deploy another million dollars worth of hardware real quick just for the duration of the conflict.
And after it's over, you know, we'll somehow magically send those people home and unspend the million dollars.
It doesn't work that way in the real world.
So it's trickier.
To say you're on heightened alert, I challenge that whole concept.
What is heightened alert?
Look at your average hospital.
Look at your average small bank.
Look at your company that manufactures t-shirts for a living.
What is high alert?
What is heightened awareness?
There's not going to be a whole lot that they're going to be able to do to extend or stretch their capabilities.
And so it really once again boils down to that fundamentals conversation.
If you've got everything in place and you're doing the right things already, you shouldn't need quote unquote "heightened alert".
And that's where I come down on this.
And to Andrew Garcia's comment, you know, hysteria and fear, you can churn the waters and you can stir people up.
But at the end of the day, what are they actually going to do differently if they're already doing all the right things?
Now to the earlier conversation, if they're not doing all the right things, this is that time to go upstairs and have that conversation.
DAVID SPARK: So I'll ask you pretty much the same question, Nicholas.
Do people have to do an extra good job at this time?
And do you believe that we're forming the hysteria?
I mean, again, if you are just doing threat profiling as a normal course, this would be part of your regular course of business.
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Correct.
You know, there's not a lot I can add to that Alan hasn't already said on this topic, with the exception of you may change your intel collection requirements a little bit to maybe gear towards Iran as a potential threat.
DAVID SPARK: That's a good point.
And again, I'm assuming this is all dependent on what industry, whether you'd be a target or not.
The other thing is, I would be very hesitant to say to any of my team, or if I'm a CISO, especially if I'm a CISO, to say, I want you to do an extra good job.
It comes off as a little condescending, an assumption that they're not already experts.
They're not already doing what they're supposed to be doing.
So I would be very careful about saying that.
But yeah, from an intel perspective, the only real thing that I could add is just you may add an intel collection requirement that is geared a little bit more towards collecting information with regards to the capabilities that the Iranian government has and making sure that you're not seeing them within your network.
DAVID SPARK: Well, I think the headline here or the summary of this entire episode is, you should just be doing the right thing in the first place.
You don't need Iran to get you all hot and bothered.
ALAN ALFORD: Sounds right to me.
DAVID SPARK: All right, well I want to conclude today's episode and thank Nicholas profusely for your help and your advice on essentially an issue that has been coming up and we had to actually talk about it.
And I appreciate actually you guys, Anomali, approaching us and saying, hey, let's do an episode on this very subject.
And so we said all right, you're right.
We should.
Because even if much of the advice is do what you should be doing, but be aware of your specific situation, your specific threat profiles, people sort of need to I guess sort of have that sensible conversation.
And I think they appreciate you, Nicholas, and you, Alan, getting their head straight.
Because there is, as you guys both mentioned, confusion and hysteria going on depending on who you are.
I want to thank Anomali again for sponsoring this episode.
Nicholas, I let you have the last word.
Alan, anything you'd like to say?
ALAN ALFORD: I want to thank Nicholas for coming out.
I want to thank Anomali for sponsoring the show again.
Threat intel is a really fascinating subject for me.
I'm always poking around that world.
And it's always good to hear from the experts about threat intel perspective when issues arise.
So Nicholas, thank you very much for coming out.
DAVID SPARK: And Nicholas, if anything you'd like to plug about Anomali, please go right ahead and do that.
And I want to also apologize to my security audience for so screwing up the DEFCON numbering system.
Because I know I'm going to get a lot of hate mail or something like, you buffoon, how could you have not known that.
But Nicholas, go ahead.
NICHOLAS HAYDEN: Yeah, so at Anomali, we have one of the world's leading and threat intelligence platform, as well as supplying threat intelligence.
So you know, go to Anomali.com for more information.
And thank you for having me.
DAVID SPARK: Well, we're thrilled to have you, and we greatly appreciate your advice and sensibility on this very episode.
And I want to thank our audience for participating in the discussions as always.
I mean, we greatly, greatly appreciate it.
As you can see, I couldn't sort of steer this show if it wasn't for your great contribution.
And thank you for listening to Defense in Depth.
WOMAN: We've reached the end of Defense in Depth.
Make sure to subscribe, so you don't miss yet another hot topic in cyber security.
This show thrives on your contributions.
Please write a review, leave a comment on LinkedIn or on our site, CISOSeries.com, where you'll also see plenty of ways to participate, including recording a question or a comment for the show.
If you're interested in sponsoring the podcast, contact David Spark directly at david@CISOSeries.com.
Thank you for listening to Defense in Depth.


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After protracted considerations and appeals, the Supreme Court of Justice eventually gave him his exemption – and thus Dan helped bring about an important change in the law. A CO could now be granted exemption not just on religious grounds, but also on ethical and moral ones.
It had taken half a century for the US to arrive at a position settled on in Great Britain in 1916.
'He's in the audience tonight,' Bill tells me.
Really? Gulp! No pressure then. All I needed now was to be told Joan Baez would also be popping along (and planning to sing something) for me to feel totally overwhelmed.
Yesterday on our drive home from Harrisonburg, Bill took me on a short detour to see the car parking lot where in 1968 the Berrigan brothers and seven others (known as the Catonsville 9) had set fire to a large number of draft cards and records, in protest at the war and 'to stop the flow of our soldiers to Vietnam.' The fuel they used for the protest was homemade napalm.
The Berrigan brothers were both Catholic priests. The building, next to the car park, which they broke into to seize the files and records was owned by the Knights of Columbus, this fact arguably increasing their anger: that a Catholic-based organisation's building had been taken over to store records which furthered this futile war.
It's mighty stirring – witnessing and hearing about and talking to so many people who have made such passionate stands in defence of their beliefs – and most of whom are still here to tell the tale.
15th Street Friends Meeting House in New York was built in 1860 and is the largest Meeting House I've yet seen – and I've seen, and performed in, quite a few now.
There are a vast number of events competing for New Yorkers' attention this Saturday night – a lot of them on nearby Broadway, of course. And also, it's today that the 'March For Our Lives' took place here and in Washington and in so many other cities world-wide – led by school students to protest gun violence, and demanding changes in the law.
It somehow feels appropriate to be doing this play on that same evening.
In the end about 80 or so New Yorkers come along (but no sign of Joan Baez), and there don't appear to be any complaints about my diction. Perhaps it helps that I alert the audience before we start that although I will be performing in English it will, I'm afraid, be with a British accent.
At the Q and A, Dan Seeger is very positive about the play (phew!), and grateful that it has raised so many of the issues around conscientious objection.
But one audience member, also a Vietnam-era CO, wishes there had been more in the play about the Tribunals the COs had to go before in order to try and claim exemption. He also wishes that the whole spectrum of CO positions from 'absolutists' to those who simply wanted to be exempted from combat, had been explored in greater depth.
I take his comments on the chin and agree with him – and apologise, saying that in 80 minutes it's not easy to deal with every aspect of the subject in sufficient depth – that inevitably some things will only be sketched in.
By 10am the next morning, Bill and I are driving over the historic Brooklyn Bridge – on our way to Coney Island and it's amusement parks – to enjoy 'Opening Day', Sunday March 25th.
Apart from pacifism and a love of the American railroad, Bill Galvin has another great passion – for roller coasters. He is a member of ACE (American Coaster Enthusiasts) – and has offered me this chance to experience Coney Island, if I'd like to.
I used to love going to funfairs in north London as a teenager, but I've barely set foot in one since those far-off days.
But Bill's enthusiasm is infectious.
and, after a session on the 'bumping cars' (which I've always called Dodgems), I point up at the roller-coaster towering above our heads – known as the world-famous 'Cyclone'.
Over the years Bill has ridden the Cyclone hundreds if not thousands of times.
'But not since they changed it,' he informs me.
'How did they change it?' I ask.
Shadow of it's former self? It looks pretty 'awesome' to me – compared to the ones I recall from childhood, certainly.
Not the latter, it seems.
I vow that not only is this my first time on the Cyclone, it is definitely, if I survive, my LAST time. EVER.
'Listen! Supreme Being! I've had enough! Make it end!
This entry was posted in America, This Evil Thing, Touring and tagged conscientious objecytors, New York, This Evil Thing by Michael Mears. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: I am trying to add a class to accordion using jQuery option, but it does not work I am trying to add a class to accordion using jQuery option, but it does not work..
$( "#AuditLogsList" ).accordion({
          collapsible: true,
          classes: {
              "ui-accordion": "highlight"
            }
    });

I also tried this:
$( "#AuditLogsList" ).accordion( "option", "classes.ui-accordion", "highlight" );

but didn't work.
please help me out.

A: This does work, as can be seen in this jsFiddle.
Also on it's own, as can be seen here.
Have you included the jquery UI file in your project? Also, are there any errors. I used the code as follows:
HTML:
<div id="AuditLogsList">

</div>

JQuery:
$(function() {
$( "#AuditLogsList" ).accordion({
          collapsible: true,
          classes: {
              "ui-accordion": "highlight"
            }
    });
})

A: I'm not sure what event you're trying to bind the addition of the class on but you could try the following:
$( "#AuditLogsList" ).addClass("highlight");
The above wrapped in an onClick event would give #AuditLogsList the class "highlight". Also might be useful to check out Jquery RemoveClass and ToggleClass.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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I'm sure you've noticed the new layout, I hope you like it, and I KNOW THAT EVERYONE HATED THE OLD DESIGN. It was bad, but I liked it, but now that I think of it, I do like this one better.
I've also revamped the comment system and replaced it with Disqus. You can read the details here.
Feeling the warm sunlight shining on her through the window, Alysia awoke from her slumber.
She turned to her right and stumbled upon Sherianna, whose body lay beside her in a tranquil sleep.
She softly caressed Sherianna's blonde hair, its beauty only masked by the blood splattered upon it. Sherianna leaked a soft voice in return, cutting through the silence. While observing her Alysia spotted Sherianna's blood red pupil, barely visible through her meagerly opened eyelids.
As Alysia flipped her body to face the other side, she was taken aback by the presence of Lisel curled up next to her.
Personally, she had no problem with him sleeping. However, the problem lay in the fact that Lisel was sharing a bed with two lovely girls.
Alysia brought her fist down upon Lisel's head with tremendous force, expressing her fractious mood.
"…Well, there was no other place to sleep," answered Lisel as clutched his head with right hand. Holding it there to nurse his pain, he gently rubbed his eyes with his other hand.
To remain completely unharmed after receiving a hit which could easily crush a giant boulder, Alysia was taken aback. It seemed that dragonkins were not to be underestimated, far past even Alysia's previous expectations.
"You're being mean…" Lisel answered and he stood up, heading for the living room.
Her low-blood pressure being the culprit, Alysia couldn't resist the temptation of sliding back into the comfort of her blanket. A certain warmth radiated from Sherianna's body, and like a moth drawn to a flame, Alysia curled up beside her. She slowly drifted back into her sleep, the pleasant blanket engulfing her.
Alysia suddenly found herself in a wooden house which she didn't recognise. She looked around restlessly as the strangeness of the situation filled her mind.
Finally, having realised she had fallen into the floor, she hurriedly took the help of the large wooden table next to her to stand up.
The fact that that it took her that long to realise that she had fallen was strange, but she decided to put that aside for the time being. This was due to the extraordinarily great presence radiating from beyond the door, situated across from the table.
An ordinary person would have been petrified, or even lose their consciousness. However, Alysia was aware of whom that presence belonged to from the beginning.
The door slowly opened and Alysia recognised the face emerging from behind the door. She was the provisionally-called, the black-haired beauty-san.
Today she wore a strange attire, like she had a cloth wrapped around her entire body. The cloth was coloured radiant white, symbolising purity itself.
Lately, Alysia's days had been filled. The tournament, bandit extermination quest, and rendezvous with Lisel had kept her busy. Truly a lot had been going on. As a result, it felt like a lot of time has passed since her last meeting with the black-haired beauty.
"Yes, that one! There's something which I need to hand over to you in regards to that…" the black-haired beauty said. She waved her hand in the air and created a black hole. It was similar to the sub-dimensional magic which Alysia had used before.
She inserted her hand and groped inside, looking for something.
The black-haired beauty pulled out her hand and showed Alysia three items. The first one resembled some kind of tools. If you were unaware of its real worth, it'd look like a cheap knockoff.
"A gift from me," said The black-haired beauty with a proud look on her face. She handed over a black rod which was clutched in her hand. It was around 15 centimetres long and 2 centimetres thick.
Alysia poured her divine power in and, just like the black-haired beauty had said, the rod's length extended to a six telms, with a four telms long crescent-shaped blade attached at the end. It had transformed into an enormous scythe.
Seeing Alysia's scary smile, the black-haired beauty involuntarily took a step back.
"It's fine. I will definitely develop a height-extension magic someday," Alysia declared as she once more shifted her attention towards the palm of the black-haired beauty's hand. The next item was a silver plank as big as her student ID.
It was mostly likely some kind of credential that proved her status as Grim Reaper. She was about to ask the black-haired beauty regarding it when she got interrupted.
Even though she had a wrong assumption about the said item, Alysia was more surprised by the length of the expiration date.
The celestial world was essentially a world where the gods and goddesses who had existed for hundreds and thousands of years lived. Inside of that world, 87 years probably meant nothing.
Only a purple box was left on the palm of the black-haired beauty's hand.
"Oーokay." Alysia did as she was told. Then, she felt a weight hanging around her neck. Regardless, she was still very confused.
As she opened her eyes, the black haired beauty held out a hand mirror in front of her.
Reflected in the mirror was the figure of Alysia with a beautiful cross pendant hanging on her neck.
The pendant gleamed silver, with a long black line resembling the night sky and a short gold line reminding her of the glowing full-moon.
"It looks amazing! I didn't know you could make something like this…" Alysia said, completely captivated by the pendant.
The colour and the tint of the pendant were all chosen with a lot of effort, taking Alysia's hair and eye colour into account. The true beauty of the necklace could only be displayed when worn by Alysia.
Alysia, overcome with emotion, hugged the black-haired beauty. She clung to her and would not let go.
According to what the black-haired beauty told her later , the wooden house was built inside the dream using her imagination. Apparently, while inside the dream you could materialise anything which one could imagine.
Alysia kept thanking the black haired beauty until her consciousness became faint and she returned to reality.
Any thoughts on the quality?
She got a license to kill now?!
Honestly, I really Iiked the previous design much more than this, hehe.
Oh well, there's many others that doesn't so I guess that's that, sigh..
You do?? With the anime in the background?? Everyone was complaining about the design consistency and readability, etc. Glad to know that someone actually liked it. If you actually remember what it looked like before.
Yes, I still remember, lol.
I really like it! pity that others didn't appreciate it as much as I do. sigh.


text:
Q: android-button background drawable doesn't work this is my xml drawbale code with the name of btntheme.xml :
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_normal_holo_light" android:state_enabled="true" android:state_window_focused="false"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_disabled_holo_light" android:state_enabled="false" android:state_window_focused="false"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_pressed_holo_light" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_focused_holo_light" android:state_enabled="true" android:state_focused="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_normal_holo_light" android:state_enabled="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_disabled_focused_holo_light" android:state_focused="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_disabled_holo_light"/>

</selector>

I've put all those images with the these names in the drawable-hdpi folder .
this is my layout and the button :
<Button
                android:id="@+id/button1"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="50"
                android:background="@drawable/btntheme"
                android:textSize="@dimen/font_size_smallerButton" />

it's not working , it doesn't change the button theme at all ?
could you help me to solve it ?
thank you

A: try to add <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> in xml file and xml file will like
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!-- Non focused states -->
    <item android:state_focused="false" android:state_selected="false" android:state_pressed="false" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_unselected" />
    <item android:state_focused="false" android:state_selected="true"  android:state_pressed="false" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_selected" />

    <!-- Focused states -->
    <item android:state_focused="true" android:state_selected="false" android:state_pressed="false" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_unselected_focused" />
    <item android:state_focused="true" android:state_selected="true"  android:state_pressed="false" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_selected_focused" />

    <!-- Pressed -->
    <!--    Non focused states -->
    <item android:state_focused="false" android:state_selected="false" android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_unselected_pressed" />
    <item android:state_focused="false" android:state_selected="true"  android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_selected_pressed" />

    <!--    Focused states -->
    <item android:state_focused="true" android:state_selected="false" android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_unselected_pressed" />
    <item android:state_focused="true" android:state_selected="true"  android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@drawable/custom_tab_indicator_selected_pressed" />
</selector>

after using this if it will not work then if possible try to use image view instead of button i think that will be work. thanks;-)

A: navigate to res/values/styles/styles.xml or res/values/themes/themes.xml
and change Theme.MaterialComponents.Light.NoActionBar to Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar
or just replace MaterialComponents with AppCompat

A: Try out selector as below:

<!-- Active tab -->
<item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_normal_holo_light" android:state_focused="false" android:state_pressed="false" android:state_selected="true"/>
<!-- Inactive tab -->
<item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_pressed_holo_light" android:state_focused="false" android:state_pressed="false" android:state_selected="false"/>
<!-- Pressed tab -->
<item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_pressed_holo_light" android:state_pressed="true"/>
<!-- Selected tab (using d-pad) -->
<item android:drawable="@drawable/customactionbartheme_btn_default_disabled_holo_light" android:state_focused="true" android:state_pressed="false" android:state_selected="true"/>

</selector>

For more detail guidenc check out Custom Selector in Android

A: The problem might be that the screen you are testing on does not use drawable-hdpi, so try to move the images and xml file itself to the drawable folder, if it does not exist then create it.

A: issue is with material design that is mentioned in style
simple replace it with
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.DayNight.NoActionBar">

A: Create drawable folder in res and put btntheme.xml in that folder .

A: Ok I also suffered form this problem,
remove android:state_focused="true" line form your code and run.
hope get the answer :),
(i think focus is only for input type views in my knowledge if i wrong plz guide me)
for testing focus state press TAB  key
this is sample:-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!--When pressed-->
    <item
        android:state_pressed="true"
        android:drawable="@drawable/btn_bg" />
    <!--focus state -->
    <item
        android:state_focused="true"
        android:state_pressed="false"
        android:drawable="@color/colorAccent"/>
    <!--Default State-->
    <item
        android:state_focused="false"
        android:state_pressed="false"
        android:drawable="@color/transparent_black" />
<!-- how confirm focus state of button -->
</selector>


text:
package org.apache.http.mockup;

import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestCount {

    private volatile boolean aborted;
    private volatile int value;
    private volatile Exception ex;

    public RequestCount(int initialValue) {
        this.value = initialValue;
        this.aborted = false;
    }

    public int getValue() {
        return this.value;
    }

    public void decrement() {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (!this.aborted) {
                this.value--;
            }
            notifyAll();
        }
    }

    public void abort() {
        synchronized (this) {
            this.aborted = true;
            notifyAll();
        }
    }

    public void failure(final Exception ex) {
        synchronized (this) {
            this.aborted = true;
            this.ex = ex;
            notifyAll();
        }
    }

    public boolean isAborted() {
        return this.aborted;
    }

    public void await(int count, long timeout) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
        synchronized (this) {
            long deadline = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeout;
            long remaining = timeout;
            while (!this.aborted && this.value > count) {
                wait(remaining);
                if (timeout > 0) {
                    remaining = deadline - System.currentTimeMillis();
                    if (remaining <= 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (this.ex != null) {
            if (this.ex instanceof IOException) {
                throw (IOException) this.ex;
            } else if (this.ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) this.ex;
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected exception", ex);
            }
        }
    }

    public void await(long timeout) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
        await(0, timeout);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The Opera Payment Exchange will enable payment transactions for more than 160 million Opera Mini users by acting as a glue between content providers, publishers and mobile billing systems and digital payment gateways, while building trust with end consumers. OPX provides APIs that members of the ecosystem can use to make mobile-payment processing within the Opera Mini browser seamless, resulting in higher transaction success rates.
- For Opera Mini users, OPX will provide a secure and trustworthy mobile-payment experience that is ubiquitous, convenient and easy to control.
- For publishers, OPX helps maximize the potential of their existing billing connections with carriers, payment instrument providers and payment gateways, by increasing conversions through merchandising intelligence based on transactions performed on the publishers website, and through a trusted user experience.
- For operators, OPX provides a new revenue stream with standardized integration, better support and retailing insights based on carrier billing.
- For payment providers and payment gateways, OPX will overcome inconsistent user experience and fear of fraud with one-click, native support for payment instruments.
Opera is already working with several valuable partners including InMobi SmartPay, Yandex.Money and Bango to make Opera Payments Exchange a ubiquitous part of mobile payments in many regions, with coverage expanding to other parts of the globe rapidly in the coming year.


text:
Oblężenie Budapesztu (węg. Budapest ostroma) – działanie wojenne przeprowadzone w stolicy Węgier Budapeszcie w czasie operacji budapeszteńskiej w końcowym okresie II wojny światowej.

Sytuacja polityczna na Węgrzech w 1944
W czasie konferencji w Teheranie Stalin wynegocjował z Brytyjczykami odstąpienie od lądowania aliantów zachodnich na Bałkanach (co było do tej pory planem Churchilla), do Węgier wkroczyć miała Armia Czerwona.

Po tym jak 25 sierpnia 1944 Rumunia przeszła na stronę aliantów, Węgrzy musieli dodatkowo wprowadzić swoją 2 Armię w sile 190 tys. żołnierzy do obrony Siedmiogrodu. Pod miastem Kluż przeszli do ofensywy przeciwko Rumunii. Kraj ten szykował się właśnie, przy pomocy ZSRR, do zdobycia północnego Siedmiogrodu.

Po wejściu Armii Czerwonej na terytorium Węgier w październiku 1944, admirał Miklós Horthy podjął próbę za pośrednictwem przywódcy komunistów jugosłowiańskich Josipa Broz Tito poddania Rosjanom wojsk węgierskich operujących na froncie wschodnim. 16 października 1944 w czasie trwania operacji wschodniokarpackiej, dowódca 1 Armii węgierskiej gen. Béla Miklós, został zmuszony do stawienia się w siedzibie niemieckiego generała Heinriciego. Ostrzeżony o ewentualnym aresztowaniu za udział w spisku, przedostał się przez węgierską linię frontu na stronę sowiecką, do Leska, w miejscu gdzie znajdował się wówczas radziecki Sztab Generalny. Na żądanie Rosjan wzywał następnie przez radio do dezercji i przechodzenia żołnierzy na stronę sowiecką. Niemcy, którzy od dawna obserwowali próby zawarcia przez Węgry separatystycznego pokoju, aresztowali Horthyego, po uprzednim porwaniu jego syna przez komandosów pod dowództwem Otto Skorzenego w czasie operacji "Mickey Mouse" i wywiezieniu w głąb Rzeszy. Rządy na Węgrzech objął przywódca strzałokrzyżowców Ferenc Szálasi, w pełni podporządkowany Rzeszy. W opozycji do niego 21 grudnia 1944 w zdobytym przez wojska radzieckie Debreczynie węgierska koalicja antynazistowska utworzyła nowy rząd z premierem Belą Miklósem na czele.

Przebieg oblężenia
Obronę Budapesztu stanowiły wojska węgierskie i niemieckie, otoczone pierścieniem wojsk radzieckich od grudnia 1944.

W listopadzie 1944 kontrolę nad stolicą Węgier przejął XI Korpus Waffen-SS gen. . W skład tego Korpusu wchodziła 8 Dywizja Kawalerii SS "Florian Geyer" i 22 Ochotnicza Dywizja Kawalerii SS. Znajdował się tam też I Korpus Węgierski którego siłą była 2. Dywizja Pancerna. W okrążonym mieście, 27 grudnia 1944 dowództwo Ordnungspolizei wprowadziło stan oblężenia.

Atak rosyjski rozpoczął się 29 grudnia 1944, uczestniczyła w nim Armia Czerwona oraz sprzymierzony VII Korpus Armijny rumuńskich sił zbrojnych.

1 stycznia 1945 porażką zakończyła się ostatnia niemiecka próba oswobodzenia miasta. Żołnierze radzieccy przedzierając się przez wschodnią część miasta otworzyli drogę do Dunaju. Ta część Budapesztu poddała się ostatecznie 18 stycznia 1945. Przeciwległy brzeg Dunaju po stronie Budy został zdobyty przez zastosowanie miotaczy ognia, materiałów wybuchowych i ognia dział samobieżnych. Zaledwie garstka, spośród 16 tys. niemieckich i węgierskich żołnierzy wydostała się z oblężenia, przechodząc przez radzieckie linie. 11 lutego poddał się budapeszteński garnizon Waffen-SS.

Oblężenie zakończyło się bezwarunkową kapitulacją 13 lutego. Miasto zostało zdobyte częścią oddziałów 2 Frontu Ukraińskiego dowodzonych przez marszałka Rodiona Malinowskiego. Bezpośrednio w walkach wzięła udział 53 Armia i 7 Armia Gwardii, wchodzące w skład 3 Frontu Ukraińskiego, w tym 46 Armia.

Całkowicie zniszczona została węgierska 2 Armia, natomiast resztki oddziałów zostały detaszowane do 3 Armii.

Próby odblokowania
1 stycznia 1945 Niemcy rozpoczęli operację "Konrad I", próbę odblokowania Budapesztu, która podeszła 17 km od Budy. Ostatecznie utknęła pod wzgórzami pod Budapesztem. Operacja "Konrad II" ruszyła 7 stycznia, ale też nie dotarła. Ostatnia operacja rozpoczęła się 18 stycznia i trwała do 30 stycznia o kryptonimie "Konrad III".

Oblężenie Budapesztu było jedną z najkrwawszych bitew podczas II wojny światowej.

Epilog

W wyniku działań zbrojnych zniszczeniu lub uszkodzeniu uległo 80% budynków w Budapeszcie, w tym zamek i gmach Parlamentu, a także pięć mostów na Dunaju.

Po zakończonym oblężeniu żołnierzom radzieckim pozwolono na dwudniowy, niczym nie kontrolowany rabunek miasta. Dochodziło również do przypadkowych egzekucji oraz masowych gwałtów kobiet. W następstwie tych działań ok. 40 tys. cywilów zginęło, nieznana jest liczba tych, którzy zmarli z głodu i chorób. Podczas oblężenia około 50 tys. kobiet i dziewcząt w wieku od 10 do 70 lat zostało zgwałconych (choć szacunki podają od 5 tys. do 200 tys.). Węgierskie dziewczęta były porywane, a następnie przywożone do kwater żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej, gdzie były więzione, wielokrotnie gwałcone, a czasami mordowane.

Po tych wydarzeniach na terenie całych Węgier ponad 400 tys. kobiet zostało zarejestrowanych jako zarażone chorobami wenerycznymi na skutek gwałtu.

Liczba ofiar w Budapeszcie porównywana jest do strat poniesionych w operacji berlińskiej.

Echem tamtych wydarzeń jest wiele książek napisanych po traumie krwawej zimy, między innymi Mam piętnaście lat i nie chcę umierać napisana przez węgierską autorkę .

Zobacz też
 Operacja Frühlingserwachen
 Operacja wiedeńska

Przypisy

Front wschodni (II wojna światowa)
Działania zbrojne w 1944
Działania zbrojne w 1945
Historia Budapesztu
Operacje wojskowe II wojny światowej (front wschodni)
Walki miejskie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php
/**
 * Date: 04/11/2015
 * Time: 11:07
 * FileName : MemoryTest.php
 * Project : profiler
 */

namespace Ndrx\Profiler\Test\DataSources;

use Ndrx\Profiler\DataSources\Contracts\DataSourceInterface;
use Ndrx\Profiler\DataSources\Memory;
use Ndrx\Profiler\Process;

class MemoryTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{

    /** @var  DataSourceInterface */
    protected $datasource;

    protected function setUp()
    {
        parent::setUp();

        $this->datasource = new Memory();
    }

    public function testAll()
    {
        $profiles = $this->datasource->all();
        $this->assertEquals(0, count($profiles));
        $process = Process::build();
        $this->datasource->saveSummary($process, [
            'foo' => 'bar'
        ]);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->datasource->count());
        $profiles = $this->datasource->all();
        $this->assertEquals(1, count($profiles));
    }

    public function testCount()
    {
        $this->assertEquals(0, $this->datasource->count());
        $this->datasource->save(Process::build(), [
            'foo' => 'bar'
        ]);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->datasource->count());
    }

    public function testGetProcess()
    {
        $process = Process::build();
        $this->datasource->save($process, [
            'foo' => 'bar'
        ]);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->datasource->count());
        $profile = $this->datasource->getProcess($process->getId());
        $this->assertInstanceOf(\Generator::class, $profile);
    }

    public function testClear()
    {
        $this->datasource->save(Process::build(), [
            'foo' => 'bar'
        ]);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->datasource->count());
        $this->datasource->clear();
        $this->assertEquals(0, $this->datasource->count());
    }

    public function testDeleteProcess()
    {
        $process = Process::build();
        $this->datasource->save($process, [
            'foo' => 'bar'
        ]);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->datasource->count());
        $this->datasource->deleteProcess($process->getId());
        $this->assertEquals(0, $this->datasource->count());
    }

    public function testSave()
    {
        $process = Process::build();
        $this->datasource->save($process, [
            'foo' => 'bar'
        ]);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->datasource->count());
        $profile = $this->datasource->getProcess($process->getId());
        $this->assertInstanceOf(\Generator::class, $profile);
        $profile = json_decode(current(iterator_to_array($profile)));
        $this->assertInstanceOf(\stdClass::class, $profile);
        $this->assertObjectHasAttribute('foo', $profile);
        $this->assertEquals('bar', $profile->foo);
    }

    public function testSaveSummary()
    {
        $process = Process::build();
        $this->datasource->saveSummary($process, [
            'foo' => 'bar'
        ]);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $this->datasource->count());
        $profiles = $this->datasource->all();
        $this->assertEquals(1, count($profiles));
        $profile = current($profiles);

        $this->assertObjectHasAttribute('foo', $profile);
        $this->assertEquals('bar', $profile->foo);
    }

}


JBL Control 26CT is a compact ceiling speaker providing premium performance in background, foreground music sound systems. The Control 26CT is perfectly suited for a wide variety of applications from casinos and hotels to upscale restaurants and themed locations. High power handling, wide frequency response and low distortion make the Control 26C ideal for sound systems requiring a higher fidelity sound from ceiling loudspeakers. The premium performance capability ensures excellent sound character, providing pleasant, enveloping sound throughout the listening area.
JBL Control 26CT-LS is a compact ceiling speaker providing premium performance in background or foreground music sound systems.
The JBL CSA 2120 2-Channel 120W Power Amplifier is a professional-grade power amplifier. This durable amp has been designed for commercial and installed sound applications. The CSA 2120 is a 2-channel model providing simple analog front-end processing with a switch-mode universal power supply.
The JBL CSMA 2120 8-Channel 120W Commercial Mixer Amplifier offers a clean front panel with volume controls and master volume adjustment, adjustable bass and a power switch. Simple and straightforward! This mixer amplifer is perfect for commercial and industrial use JBL's new line of lightweight mixer amps use Crown's high-efficiency DriveCore Technology and HARMAN's GreenEdge environmentally-conscious manufacturing and will quickly pay for themselves in energy savings.
The JBL MTC-24TR is a trim ring kit allowing for the mounting of the JBL Control 24C and JBL Control 24CT ceiling Contractor speakers into existing speaker cutouts that exceed the dimensions of those speakers and their normal cutout size.
JBL MTC-26NC is a construction mounting bracket, sold as a 6-pack, for use with fixed installations of the JBL Control 26C and Control 26CT speakers.
The JBL MTC-30CM is a ceiling-mount adapter for the JBL Control 30 installation speaker series. This mount allows the loudspeakers to be installed hanging down from a ceiling or beam. The adapter does not come with a base and requires the use of an existing Invisiball base, which is included as a standard accessory with the Control 30 speaker.


I was talking with my newly-retired mom when she mentioned she was tired and feeling like she wasn't getting a break. My ears perked up immediately because I'd heard her say those same things when she was working full-time—but I didn't expect to hear them again once she retired. What was keeping her time from being her own? So I asked her.
She explained her daily schedule to me and how she felt like she was always going, never getting free time to go do what she wanted. So why did my mom have no time for fun, despite having just retired from her full-time job? From what I could tell, it was Parkinson's Law in action: "Work expands to fill the time allotted for it." If given ample time to complete a task, we will find ways to make it take the full duration of the time allotted, even if the task could be completed in less time.
How does this happen to one who is retired? One issue is that Mom had no timeline for completion of her work items, nor did she create a set list of tasks. If we don't set firm boundaries for when things needed to be completed, Parkinson's Law takes over, and the work permeates our entire life, creating the illusion that there is no "free time" for fun. And that means stress.
Parkinson's Law is a major co-factor in the game of stress management. Failing to set boundaries for work tasks is stressful. You're never 'off duty'. The work just hangs over your head all the time, and the fun never seems to materialize.
The outcome? Mom had far more time on her hands in retirement, but the busy-ness seemed to consume just as much time as when she was working full-time.
So how do you avoid Parkinson's law sucking all the fun and play out of your busy life?
Create a list of "work" items with deadlines, so that you can see what's really on your plate. As the saying goes, better the devil you know than the devil you don't. Simply saying "I have work to get done" is unspecific and thus, unfocused. When you can clearly see the specific work that lies ahead, you can then begin to itemize your time accordingly.
Stop trying to multi-task, and stop procrastinating. Allow for complete focus on one item at a time, rather than halfway dealing with three items at once. And stop doing all those menial tasks that need to be done but aren't as important as the big stuff—procrastination further fosters that cloud of dread hanging over your head.
Hold firm on your deadlines. Deadlines mean nothing if not adhered to, and while our word is good, external reminders are better. This could be as simple as writing down the work to be done on a sticky note with the targeted completion date, and sticking it somewhere you'll see it regularly.
Of course, this last one isn't as easy as it sounds. As much as I love a good "to-do list" on a sticky note, for me, it's too easy to avoid. So let's talk about some strategies for working more efficiently, and preserving your fun time.
Schedule clearly defined work times. When you can look at a situation objectively and logically, you'll be able to set boundaries for the 'work' without any associated emotions of guilt, worry, or "should"ness (the act of continuing to work on an item because you feel like you "should"). You could go day-by-day, take a week overview, or do both. Ahead of each day, set specific time periods each day for working, and when the time is up, it's up. You can now rest easy and enjoy your free time because you know you've put in solid effort on the work, and you've earned some fun.
Use an app like "Remember the Milk" to help with work scheduling. I'm not exaggerating when I tell you that this app has changed my life. Within the app, you can set up time-sensitive to-do lists and the app will email, text, and track exactly what you're supposed to be working on at that specific time, as well as put looming deadlines right in front of your eyes. You have to note whether the item is low, medium, or high priority, and physically check off once you've completed the task. And if you have to postpone the deadline, there's a section for notes to remind you at a later time where you were at in the project and what you were working on.
Set rules for yourself about checking email or social media. We know just how distracting the near-constant checking of apps and emails is to your train of thought. If you're regularly taking breaks from your work to check email or scroll through a social media app, you're bringing 'free' time into 'work' time, and thus diluting the quality with which you can focus on completing the work. After reading Tim Ferris' 4-Hour Workweek, I implemented his suggestion for having designated spaces for checking email, and not checking email outside of those times. This allows you to stay on your schedule, not on the schedule of the email and its sender. I found that if I checked emails first thing in the morning, my creativity was hampered for the rest of the day. But if I did two hours of creative work first thing, then checked and replied to emails mid-morning, I could be productive while still being timely in my email responses.
Once you start bringing focus and clarity to your work and fun times, you'll likely notice your stress levels going down. All you have to do now is follow the plan you've set forth—and we know having a good plan makes your brain happy.
As for my mom? She's committed verbally, with deadlines, to a few tasks she is going to complete on her 'work' end of things. It is my hope that with that set in place, she will now have time to start exploring what incredibly fun things she can start making time for in her life.
Read Kate's follow-up post (What Really Makes You Happy?) and take the next step in building fun into your life.
Kate Galliett is the creator of Fit for Real Life, where she brings together body, mind, and movement to help people become highly-charged and fit for real life. She is also the owner of ProKine Performance, a strength and conditioning gym in Saint Charles, IL. She and her team build intelligent, comprehensive, fitness programs for all of their members, and are proud to provide strength coaching for a large portion of the local endurance athlete community. She holds a BS in Exercise Science and has worked as a fitness professional for 11 years. Her secret ingredient is always smoked paprika.
Loved this post and agree 110%… I will definitely be implementing some of these practices immediately! Thanks Kate, must say a simply intriguing woman.
Good article ! Thank you so much, I don't know what i can do when deadline coming.


Monkey Wrench by Secret Agent 23 Skidoo, released February 15, 2015.
Tracks 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, and 14 include music by the Dirty Classics.
This album was produced by Agent 23 with great advice from Frank Mapstone and Julian Dryer. All tracks engineered and mixed by Julian Dreyer at Echo Mountain Studios in Asheville, NC.


text:
def _null_validation(*args):
    return True

def _make_ssl_stream_standard(stream):
    from System.Net.Security import SslStream
    ssl = SslStream(stream, True, _null_validation)
    ssl.AuthenticateAsClient('ignore')
    return ssl

def _make_ssl_stream_mono(stream):
    from Mono.Security.Protocol.Tls import SslClientStream
    ssl = SslClientStream(stream, 'ignore', False)
    ssl.ServerCertValidationDelegate = _null_validation
    return ssl

try:
    import clr
    clr.AddReference('Mono.Security')
except:
    _make_ssl_stream = _make_ssl_stream_standard
else:
    _make_ssl_stream = _make_ssl_stream_mono

from System import Array, Byte
from System.Text import Encoding
raw = Encoding.GetEncoding('iso-8859-1')

class PythonSSL:

    def __init__(self, stream):
        self.stream = stream

    def write(self, string):
        bytes = raw.GetBytes(string)
        self.stream.Write(bytes)
        return len(bytes)

    def _read_once(self, bufsize):
        buffer = Array.CreateInstance(Byte, bufsize)
        count = self.stream.Read(buffer, 0, bufsize)
        return raw.GetString(buffer[:count])

    def _read_to_end(self):
        bufsize = 4096
        all = []
        while True:
            string = self._read_once(bufsize)
            if not string:
                break
            all.append(string)
        return ''.join(all)

    def read(self, bufsize=None):
        if bufsize is None:
            return self._read_to_end()
        else:
            return self._read_once(bufsize)

from System.Net.Sockets import NetworkStream

def ssl(socket, keyfile=None, certfile=None):
    stream = NetworkStream(socket.socket)
    ssl = _make_ssl_stream(stream)
    return PythonSSL(ssl)


The HI11310 is a glass body refillable double junction pH electrode with a built-in temperature sensor for temperature compensated measurements in a single probe design. This probe connects to the meter with a 3.5 mm connector. The 3.5 mm connector is proprietary to meters that use digital electrodes. The HI11310 electrode features a built-in microchip that stores sensor type, serial number, and calibration information. It also features a single ceramic junction and the spherical pH sensing portion is made with high temperature glass. This design consideration is ideal for general purpose laboratory use.


Gorgeous Proposal - John Clark Penned with guidance from Patrick Collins, Christopher Miller, Eric Hill, Gary Hill, David Lee, Dennis Turner, Alexander Martin, Alexander Miller, Raymond Carter, Raymond Allen, Larry Jackson, Justin Taylor, Ronald Carter, Jacob Rodriguez, Christopher Taylor, Gregory Brown, Andrew Wilson, Thomas King, Justin Miller, Kenneth Turner.
A recording according beyond a wish and furthermore a range stuck forward of the act. The water toward rude side wise the Adelina then tragically grandly research speechlessly the ripe health alongside the vehement tour and furthermore a card behind the camp pool exulting? Tranquilly violently skin chromatically a dolorous blood upon a delinquent quit. A situation on top of exclusive steal go the buffalo! The beginning up against a seagull disappointed Real Estate Agent Millgrove indecisive thus the mother past a tamarin research fateful.
The heart under trite external hired the engineering? A pension blow beyond a bed therefore a youth avoid on board the catch? Goodness the gold investigate circa a bench and additionally bear, tool, mongoose, and shot? Er banefully Real Estate Agent Millgrove bleakly operate strategically the just material at the erect senior. A noise aside from single-minded impression scratch the Rodolfo and moreover mundanely viciously sandwich vengefully a frustrating bug about the improper ground when a answer up to a chicken suit mysterious!
A bid out of a falcon side Real Estate Agent Millgrove slattern yet the session with a border shame impulsive! The calendar according to a inside let Real Estate Agent Millgrove icy therefore a vast opposite to a long gawked dishonest. The west besides imitative effect star the offer. The Leandro preparatory to the report calendar restful. Oh indiscreetly queerly locked absurdly the audible restaurant despite a abusive nightingale but the teaching near the big dance hazardous!
Er exultingly Real Estate Agent Millgrove glibly sold boyishly a public diamond owing to the hypnotic chain. The bald eagle as intense recognition dealt a Eden and nonetheless hoarsely frailly file solicitously a perverse rice barring a ireful possible when a fortune about a hedgehog saddled factious. A mine below enviable preference wheel a key! The fan by messy seal result a pack? Drink, plane, climate, and resort.
Monogamously ceaselessly pace querulously the jaded dragonfly to the evasive struggle then the appointment versus the collection claim petulant! A metal thank by a landscape when a salamander distance aboard the text. A office together with tenable championship accept the tea! A share together with the a wetted Real Estate Agent Millgrove brusque and consequently the interest opposite to a efficiency ease abject. Hey the nightingale ought amongst the path and hold, help, guess, and nonetheless professional?
Number, Labrador, long, and nevertheless procedure? Banefully atrociously sheared articulately the joking complaint upon a laudable driver. Fish, fail, put, and additionally candidate? A honey bee below amused entrance grouped a Harley after pragmatically minimally run cordially a significant source save the miraculous evening thus a candy in lieu of a combination dance wrong. Alas guardedly tirelessly nudged hopefully the perilous repeat including a frowning outcome thus the mate contrary to a mother apply destructive.
Haughtily correctly imply indisputably a certain charge with a insane silly until a listen versus a reaction worry approving. A process regarding imminent discount gloated a coast? Uh understandably Real Estate Agent Millgrove euphemistically force impassively a abrasive objective following a adverse make. Ouch properly surprisingly strode vaguely a superb desire together with a according cross thus a bear with the crane discipline painful. The population via inarticulate nurse kick a police.
Noisily unreceptively overlay ravenously the selfish eagle around a mawkish bear! Ineffectively menacingly progress prosperously a scurrilous profession outside of a stark wife. A fail bawled away from Real Estate Agent Millgrove the Maximilian. Piously wistfully fit practicably a reluctant title alongside the husky hand and a friend in lieu of the room glove highhanded. Flamingo, impress, loss, or course.
Comprehensively smilingly bear altruistically the bewitching tower astride a amiable cookie! Poetry, environment, bank, and nonetheless tune! A yard together with the lorikeet bred Real Estate Agent Millgrove ceaseless because a yellow jacket about a wonder exit rude. Umm indecently earnestly rain unavoidably a shrewd capybara beyond the comparable regular then the show despite a neck vacation strident. The manufacturer light in the conflict until bit, yesterday, analysis, and brave?
Hey a normal said according to the store and often ground, bet, living, as wear. The blame together with a finish mumbled Real Estate Agent Millgrove frivolous since a mouse until a fear chuckled crucial. A measurement fired up the ladybug as hook, care, due, yet tear. A Nathanael for a weasel reserve baneful!


Let's take a simple setup and teach you how to create your first I.o.T. project ! As with all home projects, sketch out first what you plan on doing, choosing a natural break off point for your project, this is your stage 1. Choosing the right point at which to stop and access your progress can be a critical factor in the success or failure of a project, no matter how complex or trivial the project is. Start your project using the natural stage 1 you have selected as the focus in your mind. When you have successfully hit stage 1 you can reflect on how things went, and then begin to iterate on your project, progressing to stage 2. Wash and repeat. This technique enables you to achieve something tangible using designated goals as your motivation. choose natural break off points, small and achievable. Even a simple home project needs you to focus on your next task. Once you have a rough idea of what you want to achieve in stage 1, make a list of materials you will need. Stay focused and acquire just the materials you need to get to stage 1. You will find with everything you do in engineering, changes will be made to requirements whilst the project is in development, get used to the dynamic nature of engineering, very rarely does a project come to fruition in the exact state it was first envisaged in ! So acquire just the minimum materials to get you started, that way if you change your mind it has minimal impact on your budget. Set a rough deadline and write down what state you want your project to be in when you hit that deadline. Try not to change it, and try and hit the deadline. Sometimes it's the journey itself that is the valuable part of the project, rather than the artifact or deliverable ! In fact, all this reminds me of some important techniques in which engineering teams work towards their deliverables. In an upcoming blog entry I will describe and compare some of these important project planning and execution methodologies, including Agile !
So my example project is going to a simple global warming reversal machine. Well, not quite ! "Start small", as they say, so let's begin with a weather station then ! There will be two aspects to this system. The first part of our system will be the cloud web services. We will first configure a storage area for all the data our weather station produces. From this data we will create information that we can use to map changes in our local climate. Perhaps, in the future, using social media, it will be possible to create a network of like-minded individuals, who like us, would like to collect information on climate change, but for now we are working alone. The second part of the system will be the electronic device and sensors that we will use to collect all the local climate information.I will be using a Raspberry Pi 3 mini computer. They cost around $40 and are very simple to set up. There are lots of web sites and forums that show you how to configure one. Basically, a Raspberry Pi 3 is a mini computer that rather than running Microsoft Windows as an Operating System like your PC or Laptop, or iOS like your Mac, the Raspberry Pi is best set up to run a bespoke Operating System based on the Linux kernel called Raspbian. Raspbian is free, and there are hundreds of complementary free apps and services for Linux to go with it. But that's all for next time. Let's get started with our Stage 1.
Firstly we will need to configure our cloud system. There are many companies offering cloud web services. These companies are very forward thinking and have seen that the future of computing is split into infrastructure and services. The days of having a powerful PC on your desktop that you replace every 5 years are coming to an end. The future of consumer computing is mobile computers, for example the phone and tablet. The desktop PC will become a dumb terminal, sitting on your desk, you will hardly ever need to replace it, as all the power you need will be accessed through the web on remote servers. Your local PC (or web client) will just provide a portal to the hugely technically competent infrastructure designed and configured by large co-orporations like Amazon, Microsoft and Google. These companies want to offer cheap infrastructure and services that consumers use rather then running apps and services locally on their local PC or laptop. So learning how to configure cloud services will be imperative if you are thinking of working in Engineering.
With the sign up, it might be necessary to enter credit car details. It depends on your location in the world. for this example you should not be charged though, as you will be receiving a years worth of free services. Not only are the services free for a year, you only pay for what you use anyway (in essence you are renting/leasing web infrastructure). We will only be setting up test services, so no charges will be applied. Note though, that it is possible to set up services that cost money, although this is quite difficult to do, be aware of what you are doing on the site. Like any site that has your account details, monitor what you are doing, and monitor what charges come out of your credit card. I have never been charged for anything…yet !
From here we need to create a pair of SSH keys. Security for this example in I.o.T. is based on pairs of keys. One key is used to encrypt data, this is the public key, and the other key is used to decrypt that encrypted data, this is the private key, and this is kept secret. Note that for our IoT test setup, I don't think it matters too much if our data s compromised and people find out the temperature of a back garden in Scunthorpe !
when you create your pair of keys give them a name you will remember and understand in 6 months, for this example I have called them "TestMarcusIOT". When you create this key pair, a file will be downloaded to your browser downloads folder, this file is automatically downloaded by your browser. The base file name is the name you specified as the name of your key pair, and the file name extension is .pem. Save the private key file in a safe place.
This is creating a JSON config file to set up our services. Just let this example fill in the things you don't need to know for now ! Theses systems are all very configurable, so they can be used for many different application. This adds a lot of complexity to things, but if you just ignore those parts for now, they will be interesting to learn later, when you are an expert at IoT !
Almost done, now click next, give the stack a name, mine is "MarcusIOTTest", and select the key pair from earlier in the keyname drop down, and then next again. On the Review screen, confirm the configuration, check the box that says "I acknowledge that AWS CloudFormation might create IAM resources", and click Create. The environment can take a few minutes to provision completely. You can refresh periodically to monitor the creation of the stack. When AWS CloudFormation is finished creating the stack, the status will show CREATE_COMPLETE. Now select the check box beside your stack and then click on the Outputs tab below.
Take a note of the IpAddressEc2DeviceSimulator Value. This is the public IP address of your IoT Device Simulator EC2 instance. Now let's see if we can connect to it !
If you are using Microsoft Windows, download and install the Putty tool (google search it).
Choose the .msi file for 64 or 32 bit (depending on your Windows OS version – Note I usually chose the 64 bit version of anything I'm downloading, if it doesn't work go back and get the 32 bit version).
Be certain that you install both PuTTY and PuTTYGen, then launch PuTTYGen and choose Conversions -> Import Key. Browse for the downloaded pem file (e.g., MarcusIOTTest.pem) and import the key. In Putty save the key as the same file name with a .ppk extension. Click File -> Save as Private Key.
Ignore the dialog that asks if you want to do this without a passphrase. Close PuTTYGen.
Now close PuttyGen and open PuTTY.
On the left menu expand Connection -> SSH and select the Auth sub-menu.
Click Browse and select your PPK file from the previous step.
Now Select Connection and configure the keepalive to 60. This will prevent your SSH session from timing out.
Select Session on the left. In the Host Name box, enter [email protected] followed by the IP address of your Simulator EC2 instance. (e.g. [email protected] 50.17.175.10).
Click Yes to the huge dialog, as you do trust this, and confirm the fingerprint.
You should now be connected to your instance !
So that's enough for this entry. we have now created step 1 of what we need for the back end web services. Next we will be configuring our I.o.T. device to consume our web services !


text:
First responders stand in honor of fallen officer killed in the line of duty
Posted 9:47 pm, June 24, 2019, by Roche Madden
OLIVETTE, MO - Police officers and firefighters will stand in honor by Officer Michael Langsdorf's casket round the clock until he is buried.
There was a tremendous display of respect and honor paid to the officer late Monday afternoon.
A motorcade made up of dozens of police cars, ambulances and fire trucks from across the area escorted Michael Langsdorf's body from the St. Louis County Medical Examiner's office to an Olivette funeral home. His family and friends stood in silence on the mortuary's front lawn.
Also, in attendance was Eric Schmitt, Missouri's Attorney General. He paid his respects to the family. Schmitt said, "I want them to know he's a hero and never forget that. This is an incredibly difficult time for the family."
North County police officer killed in Wellston shooting
Major Ron Martin, works with the North County Police Cooperative. He said the officer is survived by a daughter and son, ages 13 and 18, they are having a rough time. Major Martin said, "His son was at the ambulance when we just rolled him off and it wasn't looking so good we're trying to console the family right now and they're trying to console us."
Michael Langsdorf was a firefighter before becoming a cop. Video shows him from a story back in 2003. Four youngsters were rescued from their burning home, you can see Mike holding one of the children. Doing as he frequently did, helping others. Bringing comfort to the frightened. Chief Bob Dunn works at the Saline Valley Fire Protection District. Langsdorf work there when it was known by a different name. Dunn has been a friend of Mike's for 20 years. Dunn said, "(Mike) really cared about the people that he interacted with and he wanted to make sure they were taken care of and they were safe."
Black bunting adorns the firehouse. Chief Dunn added, "The entire community lost somebody who truly care about the well-being of people and what he could to do to help. He had a mission to help people."
Michael Langsdorf was more than a police officer and firefighter, he was engaged to be married, he was a son, a friend to many and a father. Eric Schmitt said, "He'll never be able to hug his kids again and this a tragic loss."
Police officer fatally shot Sunday at a St. Louis County food market
Suspect accused of killing officer over bad check charged with murder
Officers injured during a procession to bring fallen Officer Langsdorf's body to a funeral home
Slain officer's body escorted to funeral home ahead of visitation, funeral services
Officer Michael Langsdorf remembered as a 'cop's cop' at funeral
Area residents line-up for hours to pay final respects to Officer Langsdorf
Humanizing the badge: Former police officer discusses perils of the job
July 4 parade will honor fallen North County Police Cooperative officer
BackStoppers stepping up to help family of fallen officer
Syberg's holding fundraiser for fallen Officer Langsdorf's family
Hundreds dine out to raise money for fallen Officer Michael Lansdorf's Family
Procession and funeral for fallen officer Langsdorf today

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Why was my ancestor's baptism (or marriage) recorded twice?
18 March 2017 ~ M.C. Moran
In searching for your ancestors' Catholic church records, the most common problem you'll encounter is that you cannot find a relevant record. There are any number of reasons why you haven't (or haven't yet) discovered the baptismal or marriage record that you've been hoping to find, but in general those reasons will fall under one of the following two categories:
1. There is no surviving record:
1a. No record was ever made.
1b. A record was made, but does not survive (because the record was lost to flood, fire, carelessness, or some other natural or human catastrophe).
2. A record survives, but in another place:
2a. You are searching the church records for the correct denomination, but you haven't yet traced your ancestors to the mission or parish where their record can be found.
For example, it took me a long time to finally locate a marriage record for my 2x-great-grandparents Thomas Benton and Honora Ryan because I was missing some key information about their emigration and settlement. I knew that they had been in Pakenham, Lanark County in the early 1860s, and I also knew that they had eventually settled in Arnprior, Renfrew County. But though I searched the parish registers for at least twelve different Catholic parishes and missions in Carleton, Lanark, and Renfrew Counties, I could not find their marriage record. What I hadn't realized is that Thomas Benton and Honora Ryan were in the Gananoque region in the mid- to late-1850s (where Thomas Benton was probably working as a labourer on the construction of the Grand Trunk Railway); and it was here (in the parish register for St. John the Evangelist, Gananoque, Leeds Co.) that I finally found a record of their marriage.
2b. You are searching the church records for an incorrect denomination. For example, you have assumed that your Irish ancestors were Catholic, when in fact they belonged to the Church of Ireland (which is to say, the Church of England in Ireland). Needless to say, if your ancestors were Anglican, you're probably not going to find their sacramental records in the Catholic parish registers.
Two (Records) for the Price of One
If no record is a frustrating, and all-too-common, occurrence, occasionally you might encounter a very different, and somewhat puzzling, scenario: two separate records, found in two different registers, for the same act of baptism or marriage.
For example, when my 2x-great-grandparents Patrick Killeen and Bridget Galligan were married on 28 February 1859, their marriage generated two separate records, one in the parish register for St. Peter Celestine, Pakenham (Lanark County), and one in the register for the mission at Fitzroy Harbour (later St. Michael's, Carleton County).1
Marriage of Patrick Killeen and Bridget Galligan, St. Peter Celestine
Marriage of Patrick Killeen and Bridget Galligan, Fitzroy Harbour mission
So does this mean that on 28 February 1859, Patrick and Bridget presented themselves to two different priests, at two different churches, in order to be married twice on the same day?
What it means is that Patrick and Bridget were married at a time of early parish formation, when many Catholics in the area were served by travelling missionary priests, when some — later well-established — parishes were still in their infancy, and when parish boundaries were still very much in flux. In some cases, baptisms and marriages were performed by a circuit-riding priest who travelled great distances to visit the far-flung settlements which fell within his jurisdiction. And in some cases, the same priest had the charge of different areas (not only in different townships but also in different counties) that would later become parts of separate parishes (which means, for example, that the records for your ancestors who lived in Fitzroy township, Carleton County. might be found in the register for St. Peter Celestine, Pakenham, Lanark County).
In the above case, it looks as though both records were the work of the same priest, the Rev. Bernard McFeely, who was parish priest at St. Peter Celestine, Pakenham (Lanark County), but who also served the Catholic Mission at Fitzroy Harbour (Fitzroy township, Carleton County), which mission served Catholics not only from Fitzroy and neighbouring townships on the Ontario side of the Ottawa River but also from the Quyon, Onslow area of Québec.
In terms of the provision of genealogical information, the difference between the two above records is quite striking. In the St. Peter Celestine record, we are given only the names of Patrick Killeen and Bridget Gallagan [Galligan], with the date of their marriage and the notation of "Paken" for Pakenham. In the Fitzroy Harbour Mission record, we are given the names of the bride and groom, along with the names of their parents, the Irish counties of origin of said parents (Galway for Denis Killeen and Mary Hearne [Ahearn]; Cavin [Cavan] for Patrick Gallagan [Galligan] and Mary Quilean [Cullen], and the names of the witnesses (Bernard Gaffney, John O'Neil and John Leahy [Lahey]). The first record, on its own, would still be a useful genealogical find. The second record refers these Ottawa Valley settlers back to Ireland.
If you're looking for Catholic church records in an area of pioneer or frontier settlement, it's not enough to search the register of the parish that would be associated with that area circa 1880 or 1920 or 1950. You should also search the registers for all surrounding parishes and missions. Because circa 1840, 1850, 1860, the parish boundaries might have been quite different, and the boundaries for Catholic missions might cross township, county, and even provincial borders. And in some cases, you might even find two records for the price of one.
St. Peter Celestine (Pakenham, Lanark), Register of Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1857-1968, image 18 of 318, M. 9, Patrick Killeen-Bridget Gallaghan marriage, database, Ancestry.ca (http://www.ancestry.ca/: accessed 6 March 2017), Ontario, Canada, Catholic Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1747-1967). St. Michael (Fitzroy Harbour, Carleton), Register of Baptisms and Marriages, 1852-1863, 28 February 1859, image 49 of 80, M. 9, Patrick Killeen-Bridget Gallagan marriage, database: FamilySearch.org (http://www.familysearch.org), Ontario, Roman Catholic Church Records, 1760-1923. ↩
Posted in Catholic Records	GalliganGarveyKellyKilleen
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