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Cheroenhaka Nottoway
Official Tribal Website
Chief Brown's Bio / Vitae
Thrahunta Tribal Newsletter
Heritage Foundation
Cattashowrock Town
Resolution & Goals
Tribal Shield & Heraldry
Ethno-Historic Snapshot
Chief Edith Turner, 1808
Return of Natives, Pt. 1
1808 Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Census
Reclaim Reservation Land
Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Enterprises
State & Federal Recognition
House Joint Resolution 171
Senate Joint Resolution 127
VA Senate Resolution
Anthropoligist Letter
Anthropoligist Article
Recognition Delayed
Beaver Creek Support
Federal Recognition of Native American Tribes in Virginia
How to Show Support
Waskehee — Creator, My Heart Speaks
Ethnohistorical Snapshot
Tribal Events
Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Upcoming Tribal Events
Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Past Tribal Events
Spotswood Treaty Tributes
Tribal Presentations
Archaeological Society of Virginia
Tribes & Events
Hand Site Skeletal Remains
Senate Joint Resolution No. 152
Offered January 18, 2006
Extending State Recognition to the
Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe.
Patrons– Lucas, Blevins, Norment, Quayle, Ruff and Stolle; Delegates: Barlow, Jones, S.C., Oder, Spruill and Tyler
———- Referred to Committee on Rules ———-
WHEREAS, the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe (the Cheroenhaka) made first ethno-historic contact with the English during 1608 in what is now Nottoway County, Virginia; and
WHEREAS, in 1608, the Cheroenhaka were called Man-goak or Men-gwe by the Powhatan Confederation's "Algonquian Speakers" and further listed on John Smith's 1607 map of Virginia by the same name; and
WHEREAS, the Colonials gave names to other Indian tribes based on what the Indians they had first contact with called other tribes and as such, the Algonquian speakers called the Cheroenhaka NA-DA-WA or Nottoway, as perceived by the Colonials; and
WHEREAS, in the seventeen century, Virginia Indians were divided into three language groups: Algonquian speakers, Siouan speakers and Iroquoian speakers. During this period, the Iroquoian-speaking tribes occupied lands east of the Fall Line on the inner coastal plains of Southeastern Virginia, and these tribes were the Cheroenhaka, the Meherrin and the Tuscarora; and
WHEREAS, in 1650, according to the diary entries of James Edward Bland, the Nottoway Indians were called NA-DA-WA by the Algonquian speakers, which the Colonials interpreted as to Nottoway. Also in 1650, Bland encountered two Cheroenhaka villages, one in Sussex County near present-day Homeville and the other in Drewryville, Virginia, in Southampton County; and
WHEREAS, the true name of the Tribe is Cheroenhaka (Che-ro-en-ha-ka), which means "People at the Fork of the Stream," based on the Tribe's lodging area, which was where the Nottoway River forks with the Backwater River to form the Chowan River; and
WHEREAS, the Cheroenhaka were signers to the Treaty of 1647 and the Treaty of 1677; and
WHEREAS, the tribal warriors of the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe joined forces with Nathaniel Bacon in what became known as Bacon's Rebellion of May 1676; and
WHEREAS, in the mid 1680s, the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe, due to encroachment by the Colonials and to avoid war with other tribes, moved from the Nottoway Town of Ta-ma-hit-tion in Sussex County to the mouth of the Assamoosick Swamp in what is now present-day Courtland and Sebrell in Southampton County, Virginia; and
WHEREAS, in 1705, the House of Burgess granted two tracks of land to the Cheroenhaka – the Circle and Square Tracks consisting of some 41,000 acres of reservation land. The tracks of land fell within the confines of what was then Isle of Wight County and what is now Southampton and Sussex Counties; and
WHEREAS, in 1711, Colonial Lieutenant Governor Spottswood met with the Cheroenhaka offering forgiveness of treaty tribute if the Cheroenhaka would send their sons to the "Brafferton," a school for Indians at the College of William and Mary; and
WHEREAS, though the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) were fearful that their sons would be sold into slavery, ethno-historic records document that Colonial Lieutenant Governor Spottswood reported in November 17, 1711, that two sons of the Cheroenhaka Chief's men were, in fact, attending the Brafferton school. Cheroenhaka "Surnames" continued to appear on the enrollment roster of the Brafferton school throughout the 1750s and 1760s; and
WHEREAS, the Treaty of 1713-1714, a third treaty signed by the Tribe, included a "Successor Clause," which has the effect of continuing the relationship that the Tribe had with the Colonials from 1713 to 1775 and with the Commonwealth beginning in 1776 to the present time; and
WHEREAS, on February 7, 1713, Colonial Lieutenant Governor Spotswood signed a treaty that included a Successor Clause with the Cheroenhaka's Chief Ouracoorass Teerheer, who was also known as William Edmund/Edmond; and
WHEREAS, on November 24, 1735, the "first" of many land transfer deeds for the "Circle Tract of Land" transpired between the Colonials and the Cheroenhaka Chief and would continue until the 1880's until both the Circle and Square Track of Lands, totaling 41,000 acres of reservation lands, were in the hands of the Europeans; and
WHEREAS, in 1808, the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia mandated a Special Nottoway Indian Census to be taken of those Indians living on the remaining lands of the Nottoway Indian Reservation in what is now Courtland, Virginia, which then totaled approximately 3,000 acres; and
WHEREAS, the Special Census was conducted by non-Indian Tribal Trustees Henry Blow, William Blow, and Samuel Blunt; and
WHEREAS, in 1820, President Thomas Jefferson recorded the language of the Cheroenhaka; in the same year he stated in a Petersburg newspaper that the only remains in the state of Virginia of the formidable tribes are the Pamunkeys and Nottoways and a few Mattaponies; and
WHEREAS, between 1823 and 1824, William Bozeman, also know as Billy Woodson (the name listed in the Special Nottoway Indian Census of 1808) filed a petition in the Southampton County to have remaining Nottoway reservation lands divided "free and simple" between the Nottoway Indians; and
WHEREAS, in 1849, the Cheroenhaka filed suit in Southampton County against Jeremiah Cobb over a land dispute. The lawsuit was filed by the tribe's non-Indian Trustees, James W. Parker, G.N.W. Newsom, and Jessie Parham; and
WHEREAS, on November 8, 1850, Judge Rich H. Baker ruled in favor of the Cheroenhaka and awarded them $818.80 with interest from June 1, 1845. This successful lawsuit is further indication of the recognition of the tribal status of the Cheroenhaka by the Commonwealth of Virginia; and
WHEREAS, in the 1850's, as the final bits of reservation lands disappeared into the hands of Europeans, many tribal members relocated to what became known an "Artist Town," near what is now Riverdale Road in Southampton County. These tribal members continued to live there as a tribal communal group up until the late 1990s sharing their Native American traditions and customs – hunting, trapping, fishing the Nottoway River, farming, and raising livestock; and
WHEREAS, the excavation of the Hand Site Settlement in Southampton County, Virginia, between 1965 and 1966 and in 1969, resulted in the skeletal remains dating back to 1580 of approximately 132 graves of Cheroenhaka Indians being removed and taken to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.; and
WHEREAS, in February 2002, the historic Cheroenhaka Indian Tribe reorganized by bringing together family clusters of Cheroenhaka Indian descendants still living in Southampton County, Virginia; and
WHEREAS, in May 2002, a tribal government was in place with the election of a chief and council members and the first Pow Wow and Gathering took place on July of the same year; and
WHEREAS, this Pow Wow and Gathering has continued since then on the fourth weekend of July each year as a celebration of the "Green Corn Harvest"; and
WHEREAS, on December 7, 2002, the Cheroenhaka Indian Tribe filed a letter of intent with the Bureau of Indian Affairs announcing that it would be filing for federal recognition; and
WHEREAS, on July 29, 2003, the Circuit Court of Southampton County, Virginia, issued a license to Chief Walter David "Red Hawk" Brown III of the Cheroenhaka, with all rights to perform the rites of matrimony for the Tribe in accordance with its customs and traditions; and
WHEREAS, in February 2004, the Cheroenhaka Tribal Shield and Heraldry was copyrighted with the Library of Congress; and
WHEREAS, on July 24, 2004, the elected official body of Southampton County, Virginia, the Southampton County Board of Supervisors, issued under its seal, a Proclamation of Recognition of the Cheroenhaka proclaiming July 24 of said year as "Cheroenhaka Day"; and
WHEREAS, on June 3, 2005, the Waccamaw Indian tribe of South Carolina enacted a Joint Resolution recognizing the sovereignty of the Cheroenhaka; and
WHEREAS, in June of 2005, the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribal Heritage Foundation was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation titled the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe; and
WHEREAS, the Cheroenhaka of Southampton, Virginia has an ongoing documented and continual relationship with the Commonwealth of Virginia dating to the first ethno-historic contact with English settlers in 1608; now, therefore, be it
RESOLVED by the Senate, the House of Delegates concurring, That the General Assembly of Virginia recognize the existence within the Commonwealth of the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe.
RESOLVED FURTHER, That the Clerk of the Senate transmit a copy of this resolution to the Chief Walter David "Red Hawk" Brown III, requesting that he further disseminate copies of this resolution to his constituents so that they may be apprised of the sense of the General Assembly of Virginia in this matter.
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Interstice is an attempt to document fringe game events, which are often transient and hard to find details of once they're over.
Browse the site or search for something specific at the bottom of the page.
This is a hobby project by Sarah Cole, and a perpetual work in progress. Don't expect it to be comprehensive.
If you want to submit something or get in touch, that's great! Links in the menu.


Manvel Foundation Repair Specialists serves Manvel Texas and surrounding areas. We are a licensed and bonded foundation repair company. We provide several services, such as residential foundation repair, commercial foundation repair, and home leveling.


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News » Headlines
Storm Vamco nears central Vietnam
By Nguyen Duong | dtinews.vn | November 14, 2020 09:31 AM
Storm Vamco has become stronger and is heading to the central region of Vietnam, according to the National Centre for Hydrometeorology Forecasting.
The centre reported that at 4 am, November 14, the storm was located 390 kilometres to the east of Danang-Thua Thien Hue provinces with a wind power of 135-165km per hour.
Storm Vamco has become stronger and is heading to the central region of Vietnam
By 4 pm today, the storm would be 190 kilometres to the east of Da Nang-Thua Thien Hue with the wind power of 135-150 kilometres per hour.
In the next 24-48 hours to come, the typhoon would move the west-southwest to the mainland of localities from Ha Tinh to Quang Nam and then weaken into a tropical depression.
Since this morning, localities from Nghe An to Quang Ngai have had heavy rain and violent winds.
Authorities of Danang City and the province of Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue have issued a curfew to ensure safety during the storm.
Danang has banned local residents from leaving home from 12 pm today November 14 until receiving further notice from concerned agencies. Meanwhile, the ban for people in Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue is from 6 pm today.
People are also not allowed to stay at fishing boats, ships, watch-towers at seafood farms or construction works.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This site is fun for the Francophile in me.
Busy weekend. Sarah had three wisdom teeth removed yesterday. She's been stoic and is doing great but is still living on pudding and Ensure right now. Solid food tomorrow.
Margaret left today for Texas Lions Camp in Kerrville; we'll miss her this week.


Caradithil is © Fallenhalfelf and dngtexn.
Caradithil appears to be a ruggedly handsome stallion in his late twenties. His eyes have seriousness but jovial look to them. His hair is motley streaked white and shades of brown adds to the air of lightheartedness and, thanks to Rain, is often sparsely braided. Caradithil bears a large centaurian tattoo on the right side of his body, from his shoulder down to the fingertips. In his elven form, he is six-foot seven inches with a muscular build.
He wears a steel centaurian chestplate and leather bracers. He also possesses leather shin guards on all four of his legs. In his elven form, he wears a high-collared forest green tunic with a little silver scroll work on the collar. He has light brown breeches with leather boots that reach about mid-shin. Over this, he wears a dark gray-green cloak that blends well in shadows.
With his halberd, he can make a mess out of anything that comes his way. He is not easily spooked and many a snake has found their way into his stomach or their skins used for other things with him around. Unlike his horse cousins he is not scared of snakes.
Transformation spell: (Self cast) Will transform him temporarily into an elf that is six-foot, seven inches tall and two-hundred pounds with the same hair and body colorings. By default the spell will last until he falls asleep (or becomes unconscious through any means), but there is an addition that can make it last until canceled.
As a shaman Cara specializes in earth and spirit affinities. Though he can call fire light and water as well his favorites are earth and spirit. However he never formed a deep attachment to air or dark so of his abilities those two are the weakest.
Like all rangers, he has been trained to walk and hunt without making much of a sound so that not only will their prey not hear their approach, but to keep out of sight of humans and most elves. His "Unmovable stance" is when he plants his hooves into the ground. He has been able to stand even in the strongest winds.
Lighthearted, mischievous, easy-going, he enjoys nothing better than being around others when at work or play. However, he does know when enough is enough, becoming serious and loyally dutiful to fulfill the commands for which he has been instructed. He is intimidating in his size, but he is actually very loyal to his herd and is, like others, overly protective of Rain. However, he knows that she will not always need his protection and is worried about if and when they are ever separated.
Born in the Glassy Woods to his herd. Earned a respective position of an elite brotherhood of hunters (Dinalindel, Mannessa, Rain) & watchmen, Caradithil never has had want to roam his life in the woods. He is the self-designated 'older brother' to Rain, balances treating her like 'one of the boys' and, in spite the half-elf's protests, being overly-protective of the delicate creature and herd-member she is. He lives for the moment and never really thinks ahead to the future. As he grew up with Rain, he has harbored feelings for her though he has not yet acted on them. He believes she knows how feels, but neither of them have been able to say anything openly yet.


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Home Articles Economics & Empire Back to the Land Economy
Economics & Empire
Back to the Land Economy
Katherine Dalton
Well, we are all localists here, watching our national economy stagger and moan. Is there any room for a conversation about local economies? What would a local economy mean?
One of the false notions Wendell Berry tries regularly to expose is the idea that we live in a service economy. We in the U.S. have a service-heavy economy, yes, but services aren't the fundamental sources of the livings we make. To make a homely analogy, to say we live off of services is like saying I eat off a plate. I do, but that doesn't mean I eat the plate. The plate only serves the dinner, and I eat the dinner—if I wish to continue existing. And so the service economy must itself be based on, and ought to serve, the real economy that lies behind it, what Mr. Berry calls the land economy.
The fact is that the service economy often exploits the land economy, the way a plate seldom exploits a chicken leg, and so my analogy breaks down. But the land economy is the economy we really live from. We can't eat financial advice, or insurance, or increased computer capacity, any more than we can eat air. As human animals we have to eat food and have clothing and shelter. Whatever service may be offered to bring us those essentials, none of those essentials is itself a "service," but is instead a concrete thing that one way or another comes out of the ground.
Yet we operate in this country as though the land economy were unimportant, unnecessary, and even an economic drag. Experts and business executives of all sorts regularly make the argument that the United States should get out of the business of making shoes, or cars, or growing wheat, to concentrate more profitably on the services in which we so excel. (In farming the most assured arguer of this is Stephen Blank, who is, of all things, an extension service economist in California at UC-Davis. See his book, The End of Agriculture in the American Portfolio.) The assumption is that we will never have trouble obtaining from others the food or shoes we disdain to provide for ourselves.
That's a rosy assumption. A nation that is no longer making anything has put itself in the extremely vulnerable position of depending for essentials on farmers and fabricators who live far away, and who can hardly be expected to care much about distant consumers. Such a nation also depends on an international transportation system that can be disrupted much more easily than anyone cares to imagine. Yet if we can't ship in our foreign food, we can't eat it. We live in a city that at any moment could be under siege.
Local economies have their own vulnerabilities. Any local food economy is prey to the weather, for starters. We had a bad drought in Kentucky just two years ago, and were we more dependent on locally produced food than we are, we might have had a hard time of it. As it is, even in a (normally) well-watered and largely rural state such as mine, the bulk of our meat and produce comes from Florida, California, Mexico, and the slaughterhouses in the West. And China is looming in the background.
Food insecurity as a technical term generally refers to the poor. But the truth is that absent more vigorous local land economies in my state and yours, we are all food insecure. We are just ignoring the fact.
service economy
Stephen Blank
Previous articleFree Riding
Next article"For all the Small Schools": Or, It's Hoosiers Time
Katherine Dalton has worked as a magazine editor, freelance feature writer and book editor. She started in journalism in college, working at The Yale Literary Magazine during most of its controversial few years as a national magazine of opinion based at Yale. She then worked briefly at Harper's magazine in New York, and more extensively at Chronicles magazine in Illinois, where she was a contributing editor for many years. She has has written for various publications ranging from the Wall Street Journal to the University Bookman, and was a contributor to Wendell Berry: Life and Work and Localism in the Mass Age: A Front Porch Republic Manifesto. She lives in her native Kentucky.
Supply Chain Silver Linings: What Sam Walton, Ronald Reagan, and the Amish can Teach Us Right Now
A Beguiling Mirage of Localism: Corporate Rights and the Public Interest in North Carolina
The Tyranny of Big Tech Demonstrates the Tyranny of Faulty Ideas on the Right
Flatten the Curve and Respect the Experts
Call Me Lucifer
The Consumer: Time to Wake the Sleeping Giant
Tom Meehan March 5, 2009 At 11:53 am
It's amazing how often this basic point goes unsaid, but some people do get it. One thinks of the Japanese who insist on protecting agriculture, and give an almost spiritual priority to consuming their own rice. Of course the Japanese remember starvation and blockade courtesy of the US Navy circa 1945. Will it take a similar blow to awaken us?
Jason Peters March 5, 2009 At 12:52 pm
Well said, Front Porcher Dalton. One of the problems brought on by cheap energy–which replaced human labor and intelligence on the land–is that it allowed us to know nothing about food but still be fed. Many of us eat in complete ignorance of the land economy–and ought to be required to eat plates instead of chicken legs until we do something about the shameful benightedness. You might say cheap energy has been the great enabler, that it has lead to such mischief as we find coming out of UC-Davis.
And of course there's other mischief, as when economists tell us not to worry about climate change because the only thing it will affect is agriculture, and agriculture accounts for so little of the GNP. Herman Daly has done a credible job of responding to this lunacy in "People, Patterns, and Philanthropy in Rural America" (a symposium featuring Daly, Wendell Berry, and Wes Jackson at the Hudson Institute's Bradley Center). An edited pdf transcript is available online. Here's a taste of what Daly says:
And if we do leave it to the economists, how does agriculture fare? Well, I'll try to answer that with three quotations. The first is from the Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale, William Nordhaus: "Agriculture, that part of the economy that is sensitive to climate change, accounts for just three percent of national output. That means there is no way to get a very large effect on the US economy." (Pause.) In case that went by too fast (laughter), what he's saying is that climate change affects only agriculture. Agriculture is only three percent of GNP. Therefore, we don't have to worry about climate change; it can't hurt the economy.
Well, maybe that's just one person on a bad day. (Laughter.) Oxford economist Wilfred Beckerman, in his small 1995 book entitled Small Is Stupid: Blowing the Whistle on the Greens, also tells us that greenhouse gas-induced climate change is no worry because it affects only agriculture, and agriculture is only three percent of GNP. But he then goes on to elaborate a little bit. "Even if net output of agriculture fell by 50 percent by the end of next century, this is only a 1.5 percent cut in GNP."
And one final question [sic] from Thomas Schelling, former president of the American Economic Association and in 2005 a Nobel laureate: "In the developed world, hardly any component of the national income is affected by climate. Agriculture is practically the only sector of the economy affected by climate, and it contributes only a small percentage – three percent in the United States – of national income. If agricultural productivity were drastically reduced by climate change, the cost of living would rise by one or two percent, and at a time when per capita income would likely have doubled."
So there's no need to worry, right?
Well, it is not true that agriculture is the only climate-sensitive sector of the economy; just ask the insurance companies or the folks in New Orleans. But that's not the error that concerns me. The error that concerns me is to treat the importance of agriculture as if it were measured by its percentage of GNP. Surely these distinguished economists all know about the law of diminishing marginal utility, consumer surplus, the fact that exchange value reflects marginal use value and not total use value, and so on. Presumably they also know that the demand for food in the aggregate is famously inelastic. So in the light of all of those things, it seems pretty obvious that the percentage of agriculture in GNP is not a constant of nature, and that in the event of a collapse of agriculture, it could increase enormously.
tz March 7, 2009 At 3:18 pm
I fear dual problems. We DO make nuclear weapons, and sufficient hunger could create a reason to use them. Feed us and we won't nuke you.
The second one is the stupidity of asymmetry. And the only issue I can think of disagreeing with Ron Paul on: MFN for China. We demand clean, safe factories. Insurance against hurting, much less maiming or killing a worker. Not dumping toxic waste into the river in back. There are parallel things in agriculture.
But everything is politicized. If Brazil can produce ethanol more cheaply, let them, and let US farmers feed us. Instead, they burn 9 gallons of fossil fuel to produce 10 gallons of ethanol.
We can make everything for ourselves – if the federal government would let us. Instead, through corporatist agreements like NAFTA they subsidize foreign companies (mainly through regulatory arbitrage) at the expense of US citizens.
But everything depends on what happens in the future. And one can hope the Somali pirates will spread and increase the price of transoceanic shipping in the Pacific too. Or we need to charge for our "protection", which was my first point.
Saoirsí March 8, 2009 At 6:42 pm
Considering "Land Economy," we can also understand three dimensions of value – a "LAND Cube" – that Land represents:
1. "Land And Natural-resource Distribution" (utility in efficient allocation of raw material & natural capital);
2. "Location ANd Demographics" (Location values, Access to markets & services, Network effects & infrastructure, Demographic gravity & energy);
3. "Limiting Assets of Natural Development" (Land and land-like phenomena, fundamental means of production that are the limiting factors of all other economic processes).
We tend to compartmentalise all of these values as seperate, but all sets of these elements overlap the ownership and use of any parcel of physical land (although no. 3 also includes money, credit & cultural capital).
Mr. Berry isn't just talking about efficient allocation of natural resources of course, but about the social capital and demographic networks of vibrant communities; the unofficial "added value" of social infrastructure that runs with the land like a title deed.
Tony McCargar March 9, 2009 At 7:42 am
Most of this is way over my head, I just ask that God give grace and favor to the labors of my hands; bring snow and rain for irrigation of our land; bless the birthing of our stock; and please no grasshoppers this year. An interesting point Katherine Dalton makes that perhaps we are missing is,'what will we do when foreign nations hold us captive over food as they have done with oil'? We shutter and react to our dependancy on foreign oil but shrug at the idea of dependance on foreign food. Go figure. If I were a conspiracy advocate I would watch the huge global and national organizations such as The Nature Conservancy and how they are aquiring the lands that can serve as production of food, (nationally & globally). In many of our childrens classrooms their curriculum teaches that farmers rape and pillage the land. How does this stimulate the desire to localize food production. I hail the organizations who are trying to educate both children and we farmers in sustainable agriculture. We are turning the course of agriculture, but its more like turning a mac truck than a BMW.
Katherine Dalton March 9, 2009 At 7:52 am
Mr. Berry makes two points pertinent to these replies. First, that we have to have a more honest accounting in which now-ignored costs are allocated against benefits. And second, that we stop regarding money as an end, and hence a sufficient thing in and of itself, instead of an instrument of exchange, a means of trade.
I suggest we stage an eat-in, in which we dress up as prominent economists and economic writers and serve ourselves a meal of money. I volunteer to be Richard Florida ("The Rise of the Creative Class")and to try eating change, but we need someone for dollars, and someone for Euros.
I'm always glad to know whom I'm replying to, so I encourage everyone to use his or her real name. The connections we make on the web are tenuous enough as it is. Thanks.
D.W. Sabin March 12, 2009 At 1:08 pm
Half in jest but, I don't give a rat's patootie if the ill-termed "Global Warming" is true or not. The vigorous discussion regarding an up or down on this issue deflects attention away from the more fundamental fact that we have evolved way past the fundamental lesson of the mother Robin to her fledgelings: Defecate in your own nest at hazard to your own comfort.
The British Art Museum at Yale has a sterling exhibit commemorating the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin. Given it is an art museum, a fine Louis Kahn one at that, the exhibit dwells heavily on how Darwin's theories affected the development of art and society in his time. The exhibit includes a page from Darwin's notebook where he first scratches out his dendritic "tree of life" concept but tempers it with a cryptic and humble "I Think" floating above the sketch like a cloud full of rain.
What the exhibit ably conveys is the strong connection between aesthetics and science during earlier times. Men of science informed their scientific attempts at disinterested classification and documentation with a very interested form of aesthetic awareness. This generation of Americans seems to have embraced an extended deflation in the currency of aesthetics and that, as much as anything else is what we should be talking about now. Regardless of whether or not the ice will melt and Gotham sink below the waves, whatever small New England Town that might see Palm Trees or Spruce Muskeg appear on the horizon will be long buried under an ugly and degrading filth that is emblematic of the brutish louts we are fast becoming. We proudly wade knee-deep through the abattoir in search of a place to squat and defecate and still we argue about whether global warming is true or not.
If we are to reconvene upon a proper course of life, we must work harder at reinvigorating a greater degree of aesthetic intelligence. Science without beauty is simply a better guillotine.
John Médaille March 19, 2009 At 7:09 pm
Apropos of nothing,
that doesn't mean I eat the plate
Where we went in the small ship the seaweed
Parted and gave to us the murmuring shore
And we made feast and in our secret need
Devoured the very plates Aeneas bore:
Where derelict you see through the low twilight
The green coast that you, thunder-tossed, would win,
Drop sail, and hastening to drink all night
Eat dish and bowl–to take that sweet land in!
Where we feasted and caroused on the sandless
Pebbles, affecting our day of piracy,
What prophecy of eaten plates could landless
Wanderers fulfill by the ancient sea?
We for that time might taste the famous age
Eternal here yet hidden from our eyes
When lust of power undid its stuffless rage;
They, in a wineskin, bore earth's paradise.
–Allen Tate, The Mediterranean
Katherine Dalton March 25, 2009 At 10:29 am
Always very glad to have Mr. Tate quoted back to me.
Learning How to Think with Alan Jacobs
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Wendell Berry Opts Out of the 'Culture of Violence'
Region & Place April 6, 2015
A Garden of Remembrance
Culture, High & Low June 28, 2010


Not only did you promise that your Geforce 400 and 500 series cards would support DX12, you have also been falsely advertising these cards on your website as DirectX 12 cards the whole time! See the truth.
What is a GTX 465? With the release of the powerful DirectX 11 GTX 470 and 480, Nvidia wanted to have an option with a lower price point to compete with sales of the Radeon 5850.
This price point as of today's release is $279.99 + shipping on Newegg.com. The card still uses the GF100 based Fermi 40nm architecture that is now in full production. See how the 465 compares.
This article is an in-depth look at the EVGA GTX 470. The GT400 series GPU, nicknamed 'Fermi', is designed for high-end gaming and is the first Nvidia chip to support DirectX 11.


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Rape charge dropped against USC student after evidence of consent presented
LOS ANGELES (KABC) -- Charges have been dropped against a USC student who had been accused of drugging and raping another student in her dorm room.
Armaan Karim Premjee, 20, was arrested in April after being accused of assaulting the woman in her room on April 1. He was facing a charge of rape by use of drugs and sexual penetration by a foreign object.
Both charges were dropped during a preliminary hearing last week - one dismissed by the judge and one withdrawn by the prosecutor, according to Premjee's defense attorney.
"I never doubted my innocence because I knew from the very beginning that I hadn't done anything wrong," Premjee said.
At the time of his arrest, authorities said the victim's roommate had walked in the room after the alleged crime had occurred. He was in the bathroom and the roommate confronted him and he left.
Defense attorney Harland Braun said evidence indicated consensual sex.
"I don't think you'll ever see a rape case with clearer evidence of consent," Braun said.
Braun said the evidence included surveillance video of the woman at a popular bar near USC making a sexual gesture to a friend - poking a finger through a circle made with her hand - that indicated she planned to have sex with Premjee.
"I was just very relieved that there was a video to prove it because without a video, I don't know what I would have done," Premjee said.
Premjee added that he never thought the woman was incapable of giving consent when they were both intoxicated at the bar.
Other evidence in his favor included an Uber driver saying the woman was "jumping all over" Premjee in the vehicle's back seat, Braun said.
Another surveillance video shows the woman checking Premjee into her dorm. The 20-year-old business major said he is now focused on his family and future.
If convicted as charged, Premjee could have faced a maximum of 10 years in prison.
City News Service contributed to this report.
los angelesexposition parklos angeles countyrapeusc
USC student charged with raping woman, 19, in dorm


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Home Games Online Surprising Factual Statements About Multiplayer Online Games Told By A Professional
Surprising Factual Statements About Multiplayer Online Games Told By A Professional
determine a game that may have advantages aside from mere recreation like Indian Rummy on-line. this fashion you will earn and be taught whilst you play certify that you simply have accomplished all work connected and private work earlier than you play the sport. the sport must be enjoyed by you and never allowed to require over your life
Whether or not you are taking part in in a multi-particular person free for all, or one vs one, it helps to know the talent ranges and elegance of the opposition. A quick take a look at every opponent's profile is a good place to start out, as many websites will record information reminiscent of variety of games performed, rating, date joined, and win percentage. If attainable, it's also a good idea to look by way of the opponent's historical past of games performed that are just like the game you're enjoying. As an example, in case you're enjoying a six-player escalating cards recreation on the classic Danger map, then knowing that one in all your opponents has only ever performed three games with those settings might be an advantage.
System clock could also be affected too.
World of Warcraft is a real-time technique recreation which is now enjoying by the biggest number of avid gamers in all around the world. World of Warcraft III Reign of Chaos was developed by Blizzard Leisure on July 3, 2002 within the United States of America (North America). It was published by Blizzard Entertainment United States of America (North America) Sierra Leisure (Europe) and in Capcom (Japan). This was the second half after the large success of Warcraft Orcs & Humans and is the third game set in Warcraft Universe. After the incredible success of World of Warcraft three an expansion pack named Frozen Throne was developed and launched by Blizzard Leisure on July 1 2003 so as to add some more spice in this sport.
One profit that's becoming ever extra obvious results from the social side of gaming over the web. A couple of sport on the internet requires gamers to cooperate or compete in opposition to different gamers, many of who might even be in different international locations. Given the way through which so many individuals have turn out to be separated from normal social exercise, this engagement is very helpful.
The right way to move troops between cities?
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Infrared emitters can heat a variety of materials. Heating by radiation has the advantage that no contact between the object and the thermal source is required. For example, infrared radiation is used in practice to heat plastic films for the thermal forming process. Heating by radiation can also be used in vacuum.
A disadvantage of heat transfer by infrared radiation is the fact that a relatively high temperature of the thermal source is required and that the material to be heated must absorb the infrared radiation, i.e. it must not be metallically bare.
Radiator variants
Infrared emitters are mainly distinguished by two variants which differ in the wavelength of the radiation and the response time.
I. Ceramic infrared emitters
Wave length: long waves
Response time: long
Mechanical stability: more robust than quartz-type infrared radiator
II. Quartz-type infrared emitters
Wave length: medium to long waves
Response time: medium
Mechanical stability: more sensitive than ceramic infrared radiators
Infrared radiators are available in different standardized dimensions:
I. . Ceramic infrared emitters, flat
V3: 122 x 122 mm (150 750 W)
V4: 122 x 60 mm (125 - 500 W)
V9: 245 x 60 mm (150 - 1000 W)
II. Ceramic infrared emitters, curved
V5: 68 x 60 mm (75 - 200 W)
III. Quartz-type infrared emitters, flat
Q5: 123 x 62 mm (150 - 375 W)
Q10: 248 x 62 mm (300 - 750 W)


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Programs Coastal Zone Management Funding 2018 Projects 2018 Virginia CZM Grant Project: Task 83.18
2018 Virginia CZM Grant Project: Task 2.18
Regional Collaboration to Build Community Resiliency in Northern Virginia
Northern Virginia is predicted to experience an increase in extreme precipitation events, more frequent and longer heat waves, and low-lying coastal areas are projected to see increased flooding from sea level rise and storm surge. These stressors combined with the staggering population growth and conversion of land from open to urban, pose a risk for vulnerable people, assets, economies and ecosystems. The economic consequences of extreme climate events make resiliency planning at the regional level imperative and urgent.
In response to these acute and chronic challenges raised above, NVRC formed the "Northern Virginia Climate Resiliency Team" (NVCRT) in November 2016 with funding from a FY16 grant from the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program. The purpose of the grant and team was to develop "Resilient Critical Infrastructure: A Roadmap for Northern Virginia". The "Roadmap" https://www.novaregion.org/DocumentCenter/View/11835 identified the primary climate-related stressors facing the region, a series of objectives aimed at building resilience for critical infrastructure and a set of corresponding strategies that could be implemented to achieve the objectives.
The funding requested under this proposal would allow NVRC to continue this important work by sustaining the Northern Virginia Climate Resiliency Team for another year to develop an implementation plan. NVRC proposes to work with stakeholders to turn the diagnostics and assessments developed in Year Two into actionable initiatives and projects. Through continuing to convene the NVCRT, we can further explore and analyze the cost of major disruptions to critical infrastructure in the region, evaluate opportunities, and initiate workshops and closer study of areas such as financing or risk modeling.
The specific objectives that will be accomplished through this FY 18 scope of work are:
1) Sustain and coordinate a working group of stakeholders from across the region or another year; to inform implementation plan and share best practices from other regions;
2) Revise the Roadmap developed in Year One as needed;
3) Analysis of economic impacts of extreme weather; and
4) Resilience Roadmap Implementation Plan.
The funding requested in this proposal addresses the CZMP Goal of planning for Coastal Resiliency. Since Northern Virginia is in close proximity to the Washington Metropolitan Region, NVRC proposes to align this effort with parallel resiliency and climate adaptation planning efforts undertaken by the National Capitol Planning Commission, Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments, Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities Program, and Washington D.C. through coordination and technical transfers of information.
A regional approach for resiliency planning provides a greater platform for communication of best practices across communities and allows for leveraging of resources to build resiliency. The strategic planning approach of this proposal will assist in efforts reduce risk in Northern Virginia.
Corey Miles, 703.642.4625, cmiles@novaregion.org
10/1/18 - 9/30/19; Project Open


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Q: How to highlight the clicked navigation item I have a navigation bar:

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3

I want it so that when the user clicks on any of the items, it becomes highlighted (for example, it should get a red background). If a different item is clicked, then the currently highlighted one should no longer be highlighted and the one that was just clicked should be. There should only be one lit at any given time.
How do I do this with jQuery?

A: Edit: Updated to use the actual HTML you have now posted.  First, I had to remove the space your your id value as a space makes it difficult or impossible to use it in many selectors.

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3

I'd suggest this CSS:
.highlight {background-color: red;}

to go with this jQuery:
$('#thenavigation li a').click(function() {
    $(this).closest("li").addClass('highlight').siblings().removeClass('highlight');
    return(false);   // no default behavior from clicking on the link
});

You can see it work here with your HTML: http://jsfiddle.net/jfriend00/r9s7w/.
Or working here without the  tags: http://jsfiddle.net/jfriend00/TreKN/.

A: Bind a click handler that assings a class name to the current element and removes the same class name from other elements in the list:
$('ul li a').click(function() {
    $(this).closest('ul').find('a').removeClass('active');
    $(this).addClass('active');
});

Then style the active link using css.

A: Working Demo. http://jsfiddle.net/zzlawlzz/MtTBQ/
$('#myNavbar li').click(function() {
    $(this).parent('ul').children('li').css('color','gray');
    $(this).css('color','red');
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tomorrow we leave Lisbon to head to Spain with the two Andrés to celebrate the 4th anniversary of the #winelovers. The wines of Jerez have long been amongst our favourites. They are some of the few wines that we buy in the UK.
The last time I was in Jerez was in 1997 – shoicked at how long since I have been back in this great region with its lovely and fascinating wines.
The programme that has been put together for us #winelovers looks great!
16.30 – 18.00 Free time in Sanlucar, coffee at A Medina Sidonia & visit the town Siesta?
20.00-23.00: BYOB dinner at Ho0tel Los Jándalos.


There are plenty of methods to evaluate the risks associated with hazardous material or numerous other industrial events. However, the day-to-day life is also full of risks that can be avoided or decreased in order to improve the quality of life. Therefore, risk assessment planning is an essential mean not only to shape the expectations about potential threats but also adjust working processes in a way that would minimize possible losses, harms and various severe consequences for environmental or health spheres. In addition, the occupational-level physical hazards are always connected with cognitive abilities, emotional state and skill requirements (Ford & Wiggins, 2012). In such a way, this paper will demonstrate how risk evaluation can become useful on the example of three situations.
In any working place or home, one of the common threats that can happen is a fire. Mainly faulty electricity or arson are the possible reasons for the fire in the office. The task being performed when the risk might occur can be different starting with working on the computer to having a rest or eating. Therefore, it is not dependent on the actions of the average worker. The risk can occur in the office, shop, home or any other place that has electricity faults or that is not guarded from the possible dangerous ill-wishers. Fire can be regarded as a physical and partially psychological hazard (Gantt, 2009). Among the consequences are property damage, physical and psychological harm to people and deaths. Regarding the actions that have to be taken as soon as the hazard is detected, the evacuation and the fire brigade call are the first steps. At the same time, it is desirable to turn off the circuit breaker and apply fire extinguishers for neutralization of the smaller ignitions. However, it is required if the situation is not too dangerous and the fire has not embraced a large territory and does not present a threat to life or is close to any substance that is prone to fire (Health and Safety Executive, 2012). Regarding the fact that preventing any hazard is more effective than fighting with its consequences, there are some risk-preventing measures. It is important to conduct and regularly review fire risk assessment of the premises, instruct the staff in risks, maintain appropriate fire safety measures, instruction and training, and hold a plan for an emergency with emergency exits and routes. The evacuation plan and fire extinguishers should be available in case the fire happens.
Another common hazard that can be met quite often is dependent on the weather. Slips and trips can happen when one enters or exits some building such as a working office, home or shop. Rain or snow that can make the stairs slippery and uneven surfaces are the factors that contribute to the possible slips. Any person who enters the building (staff, customers, relatives or other visitors) can be hurt or injured. The inattentive attitude to such liability of the building parts to the environmental influences is quite dangerous. According to the hazards classification, it is a physical hazard (Gantt, 2009). However, the possible falls can cause not only injuries or property damage but also death. Once this hazard occurs, it is necessary to provide help to the injured. Regarding the actions that should be taken to prevent accidents or decrease the risk, it is necessary to maintain the equipment properly and prevent leaks on the floor, drainage channels and drip trays where spills are likely to happen. Moreover, safety-critical glazing can be used, sharp and dangerous instruments need to be stored in the suitable places, spillages and stairs should be cleaned regularly, and carpets need to be firmly secured. Furthermore, it is vital to clearly highlight changes in floor levels, install kick boards where needed, use cable covers for all electrical cables (Health and Safety Executive, 2012). It is also possible to put the sign nearby that would attract people's attention and inform about the possible danger. If it is referred to the office, the working staff has to be instructed in the possible danger, and the technical managers are responsible for the state of the floor and doorways. The first-aid box should be available to take care about the injured.
The third hazard that can be associated with work or home is the dangerous height. The examples of it are working on the balcony at home as well as with some lighting rig or some sign boards at work. Falls from any height can lead to bruising and potentially serious injuries or even death. In addition, work on the balcony can also be connected with glass shuttering or falling from different levels, depending on the floor. Such physical hazard can cause various damages, shock and obviously injuries (Gantt, 2009). Therefore, it is crucial to take all possible means to help a person who fell down and those who happened to be around as quickly as possible. Giving help to one who fell, calling the emergency and providing first aid are the steps that should be taken right after the accident. Moreover, it is essential to take steps to avoid the hazard. Therefore, performance platforms need to be fenced with safe means, the staff working on the lighting rig or at height has to be competent and a person working at home has to know the basic rules of safe behavior at height. Furthermore, the ladders can be used for short-time jobs that take less than 30 minutes, otherwise the appropriate equipment is necessary (Health and Safety Executive, 2012). Therefore, the knowledge of the basic safety rules and the special equipment are essential factors that can let one decrease or avoid severe consequences of the risks that are connected with work at height.


I drive and operate equipment in the oilfield so I work allot. When I'm not working I like to go fishing camping shooting or really anything outdoors, I also enjoy lazy days watching movies. I'm open minded easy going and down for just about anything fun. I'm looking for a beautiful South American woman for a long term relationship that will eventually move to the US.
Hi, I'm currently looking into traveling to my point of origin. I was adopted when I was 5 and I want to return back to Colombia. Looking for someone to show me around and have a good time!!!!
like taking care of my self and being healthy.
Am easy going,God fearing,hard working and loving gentle man.
I am attractive and kind hearted, funny and outgoing, respect and doin what's right is important to me, I love different places in the world so much adventure to explore..


BI-LO, one of the largest supermarket chains in the South, needed someone to create content for their website on a regular basis for a variety of deals, promotions and special events.
With an emphasis on providing quality and value to their customers, BI-LO wanted their website to highlight all of the ways that they make it easy for busy parents to prepare healthy, delicious meals for their family.
Each week I was asked to craft compelling copy and call-to-actions for the homepage slider to highlight that week's seasonal deals, healthy food choices, or featured products and services.
Using directions from their corporate marketing department, and following BI-LO's editorial style guide to inform the tone, voice, and style of my copy, I was able to quickly turnaround copy requests on a regular basis – often with only 24 hours notice.
Using a tone of voice that was casual and conversational while still being direct and informative, I maintained the brand voice and communicated the value proposition of BI-LO in all my work.
In addition to weekly content updated for the homepage slider, I created content for a number of landing pages throughout the site, including their pharmacy, fresh fruit and 50th anniversary homepages.
To help celebrate their big anniversary, I also wrote all the copy for a Facebook sweepstakes app and landing page.


We're delighted to award the inaugural Watertight Marketing Business Owner of the Year 2015 title to George Spence, MD of Redspot Self Storage.
George was the very first person to sign-up for the Watertight Marketing Masterplan programme in 2013. He has since gone on to work with Certified Practitioner, Cheryl Crichton. Over that time, and this year in particular he has consistently demonstrated the values and virtues of a business owner that truly embraces the Watertight Marketing approach.
In the full case study, George describes two painful years, prior to working with us, in which he spent his own money, tried lots of different things and saw very little return. He also describes how he "took a leap of faith" in following the Watertight Marketing methodology. What George demonstrated was that he knew that he didn't know! It takes courage, as a business owner, to admit weaknesses and accept advice. He also faced others in his industry telling him that the advice wouldn't help him. He trusted his instincts to do something very different to what had gone before, and from what was typical in his industry.
A number of the investments that George made, especially in the early days, were hard to track directly to sales results. A large expenditure on a new website, for example, will take a while to pay back. He has also appointed staff, and made investments in systems. These are not, in and of themselves, lead generating. He recognised the need to make a long-term commitment, and to take a step back from the urgent everyday demands to put the foundations in place. What's more, he has stuck with the programme for long enough to start seeing the fruits of that early labour.
One of George's greatest strengths has been the calm and methodical approach he has taken. In a small team, it is almost impossible not to have your attention diverted from strategic projects back to the more pressing demands. Whilst George has, of course, kept the daily operation running, he has never lost sight of the longer term plan. Whilst he may have wanted to go faster, there has been a calm and steady determination.
He has particularly focused on using the Thirteen Touchpoint Leak traffic light assessment to keep him on track. He has steadfastly worked on those areas assessed as Red, often in place of investing in lead generation activity. George also took the decision to retain Certified Practitioner, Cheryl Crichton, to make the change, rather than when the change had happened. So often we hear business owners saying that they'll invest in marketing when they have a steady income… which is a bit like saying you'll stop eating pies when you've lost some weight! George didn't wait for the results to happen, the calmly took the action to make them happen.
What we've seen this year, in particular, is the predictable results the Watertight Marketing methodology is focussed on delivering. He's moved form short-lived tactical campaigns, to an ongoing programme that delivers ongoing results. George has doubled his customer base, and has confidently opened in a third location –knowing that he has proven marketing systems to roll-out and make good on the investment.


On 5 June 2012, the social networking website LinkedIn was hacked and Russian Cybercriminals stole passwords for nearly 6.5 million user accounts. The website repeatedly encouraged its users to change their passwords after the incident and Vicente Silveira, the director of LinkedIn, confirmed, on behalf of the company, that the website was hacked in its official blog.
Most of stolen passwords were successfully cracked and posted on Russian password forum later on that day.
Hackers may use all of cracked passwords to log into other online services such as (gmail,office,etc). The wordlist of cracked passwords are now available on different cracking websites, which make it much easier for hackers to brute-force your account using this leaked wordlist.
For example, if one of the compromised accounts was [email protected], hackers can visit http://yyy.gov.ae and fine the Web Mail Page and try to login using the leaked credentials.
It is not recommended to use corporate email for social network registrations.
Use different password for every online service.
Its recommended to enable OTP or 2FA on your online accounts.
Ensure that strong password policy is applied on your online accounts.


Patina is the flagship restaurant in Joachim Splichal's sprawling culinary empire. It is the second of Splichal's restaurants I've sampled (the first was Catal at Downtown Disney), but the first fine dining establishment. I had known of the restaurant for a long time, but just never got around to trying it. However, based on our experience, there looks to be a good chance we'll be dining at another Patina Group establishment, Leatherby's Cafe Rouge, which is, interesting enough, also located in a performing arts venue: the Segerstrom Concert Hall in Costa Mesa.
Patina is located on Grand Avenue, in the heart of Downtown LA, in the Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall.
The interior is clean, contemporary, and awash in soft yellow light (which made for difficult photo-taking). The main dining holds about two dozen tables and booths, while a private dining room and chef's table are also available.
We enjoyed both the Chef's Menu and the Ocean Menu (we added on a halibut course to balance the number of courses). Note the signature of Executive Chef Theo Schoenegger. We also requested that the wine pairings be written down. Unfortunately, the pairings for the third course were left out. I've since sent an email to sommelier Eric Espuny but have yet to hear back. Click for larger versions.
Four types of bread were offered: potato leek, ciabatta, walnut, and sesame.
After being denied my signature mojito, I chose instead a Cuba Libre (rum, cola, lime juice), which proved to be noticeably better than your standard rum & coke. One of my dining companions ordered a Metropolitan (a cosmo with pomegranate vodka, pomegranate juice, and triple sec).
With soy, pickled onion tempura, and balsamic vinegar. Tuna tartare almost seems clichéd to me these days, but this was a genuinely good example, especially for an amuse. A good start.
The quartet consisted of (clockwise from top-left): crabcake (too much breading, weak mustard), salmon tartare (my favorite, fairly complex, with a resilient texture and a little spice), lobster salad (a bit too much cucumber, but otherwise quite good), and uni/hamachi sashimi (over avocado, with very fresh tasting uni). The paired Sauvignon Blanc was typical of the New Zealand style, with a noticeable dryness, restrained fruit, and good structure.
Mission Figs, Aged Balsamic Vinegar, Black Pepper Brioche. A very nice terrine of foie gras (though not up to French Laundry levels), I especially enjoyed the layers of truffle. The wine was also quite good: a sweet Chenin Blanc with heavy notes of Sauternes, it provided a classic foil to the foie.
Creamy Risotto Topped with Shaved Summer Truffles. I used to scoff at risotto; "It's just rice, big deal!" I'd think. Well, this was a revelation. Creamy, flavorful, with huge chunks of lobster, the risotto stole the show. Note the liberal application of black truffle!
Toasted Pistachio Nuts and Emulsion. I liked the slight tang of the dill(?) cream, but wished that the prawns were a bit meatier. What a tease! The second Chenin Blanc of the night was completely unlike the first, with sharp acidity, slight minerality, and dry notes of stone fruit and honey.
Zucchini and Mint Puree, Vegetable Confetti. This had a texture that was quite unlike any snapper I've had before, which wasn't necessarily a bad thing. The flavor was a bit too mild for me however.
3b: Pacific Black Bass "Sous Vide"
Red Beet and Candy Ginger Puree. One of the better preparations of bass I've had actually, with a nice texture. I found the beet puree to be a bit overpowering however. Interestingly enough, I believe this was actually paired with a red wine.
4a: Truite de Mer "A la Plancha"
Merlot Syrup, Artichoke Heart Confit, Toasted Almonds. I thought this was salmon when I first saw it, but it turns out that Truite de Mer is simply sea trout. As such, it was similar in texture and taste to salmon. Loved the crispy skin.
Wild Mushroom Ragout with Pomme Mousseline. Another nice preparation of squab, the bird has yet to let me down. Flavorful and tender, it went very nicely with the Pinot, which had notable hints of smoke, berries, and oak.
Topped with Shaved Summer Truffles. Another fantastic course of risotto. I can't decide if I like this or the version above better. I really liked the big chunks of lobster in the first preparation, but the mushroom here perhaps pairs better with the rich, pungent earthiness of the truffle.
Summer Corn Fondue with Saffron, Homemade Bacon, Wild Mushrooms Fricasse, Corn Bread Dust. I was actually not a fan of this dish, as I found the halibut too mild in flavor. This was helped out, however, by the mushroom and bacon, which were rather savory. The wine pairing, a mix of Chard and Sauv Blanc, was quite good.
Overnight Braised Cheek, Slow Roasted Loin, Tomato Vaduvan Curry, Oven Roasted Tomatoes and Pearl Onions. I liked the super-tender, fatty, flavorful braised preparation but thought that the loin was a bit dry. Nice Pinot with this one.
I'm pretty sure Patina had the largest selection of cheeses I've ever encountered. I do appreciate a nice cheese cart, a sight that's sadly becoming rarer and rarer these days. We were given five selections, from hard to liquid, cow to sheep to goat. All were quite good. Unfortunately, I only recall that the first cheese was an Abbaye de Belloc; the others escape me. The cheese was served with two types of nut and fruit bread, walnuts, figs, candied peanuts, and dried apricots.
Lemon Verbena Granite, Raspberry Chili Sorbet. The peach was quite sweet, especially when taken with the granite. Surprisingly, for something with chili, the sorbet wasn't particularly spicy. I did thoroughly enjoy the paired dessert wine, a sweet mix of Grenache, Muscat, and Malvoisie.
Candied Cashews, Orange Supremes, Watermelon Gelee. This actually reminded me of the white chocolate dessert I had at Providence, though I think the execution was a bit better here.
Dark chocolate truffle, rhubarb gelee, white chocolate cake, praline bitter, and marshmallow vanilla puff. My favorite was the truffle, though the praline was quite interesting.
With Chef Theo and Sommelier Eric.
I'm curious how you would rank Patina. It seems like there were a few misses in the tasting menu by your report. Would you say it deserves its 1 star? Also what was the price of the wine pairings, if you don't mind me asking?
Indeed, there were a few misses, but I don't think 1-star is too far off the mark, though I imagine you could argue it either way. Given the other 1-stars in LA, I think it can fit.
The wine pairing was $75 if I recall correctly.
And you get NY, SF, and LV to boot.
I just came across your review and I thought it was very informative. I went into Patina just for cheese and dessert a few weeks ago, and thought it was the best way to go. I even got dessert wine pairings, and it just added a little pizzazz to the already delectable desserts! You should try that one day as well.
wow they certainly didn't stint on the truffles! how much was the tasting menu?
Rich, the Ocean Menu was $90 and the Chef's Menu was $120. And no, they didn't skimp on the truffles!
Since Chef Tony Esnault has left Martha Stewart and become the Exective Chef for Patina, do you plan to visit there soon since you did not get to taste his food at Adour in NYC.
Dason, I do want to go back, but don't have any plans to do so in the near future. So many restaurants I need to try!
Was in LA on business and was dying for some cheese, so popped into Patina for a late supper--didn't have high expectations due to some mediocre experiences with Patina Group. All I can say is that there is some pretty perfect execution going on in the kitchen--I had the tasting menu and wine pairing. They brought me back to the kitchen (without my asking, by the way) to meet Tony Esnault--serious guy for sure. You may want to put it back on your radar before Tony moves on--he said he would be staying for a while, but he didn't really strike me as a corporate guy.
Thanks for the update David. I wouldn't mind giving Patina another go sometime. I'm somewhat curious about Esnault, since he previously worked for Ducasse in NY.


While Growing up, my mother had the tenacity or should I say the audacity to remind me every day of how special I was. How compared to my teammates and class mates, I was much different and because of this I was destined to accomplish great things in baseball.
So from an early age I believed this to be true and can admit that it was the catalyst for my ability to have made it as far as I did. Consequently as I grew older I realized that the luxury of having a mother who was willing to invest her self into my development, was a huge responsibility on my part.
For one, I had to develop and cultivate an awareness about the type of person I was becoming. What influences I had, needed to be positive ones, so that I could better implement the life lessons that my mother conveyed. This experience was at many times tumultuous, but the reward for mastering the values taught, I can say I'm still benefiting from to this day.
For me baseball was the medium for my participation in personal development. It has given me a lot to be grateful for, and it"s this that inspires me to share with you all the benefits of sacrificing everything you have for something larger than yourself.
What ever passion or hobby you think of.
I'm assuming it"s baseball. Whether for your career or your child's. When I think of all the challenges that a career in baseball has had for me I"m constantly reminded of an interesting quote from my high school days.


text:
Study of Threes 3
Bio-Physiological 3s 1
Bicycle History Course
The Devils Advocate 1
Embellished Dichotomies 1
Language Hearing Cognition 1
Sociological 3s 2
Uncertainty Principle Metaphor
New Communism Preface
Diseases of Impoverization
Trelegy
3s in Physics 2
Threesology Research Journal
http://threesology.org
Note: the contents of this page as well as those which precede and follow, must be read as a continuation and/or overlap in order that the continuity about a relationship to/with the typical dichotomous assignment of Artificial Intelligence (such as the usage of zeros and ones used in computer programming) as well as the dichotomous arrangement of the idea that one could possibly talk seriously about peace from a different perspective... will not be lost (such as war being frequently used to describe an absence of peace and vice-versa). However, if your mind is prone to being distracted by timed or untimed commercialization (such as that seen in various types of American-based television, radio, news media and magazine publishing... not to mention the average classroom which carries over into the everyday workplace), you may be unable to sustain prolonged exposures to divergent ideas about a singular topic without becoming confused, unless the information is provided in a very simplistic manner.
AI and 3sology pages:
Artificial Intelligence and 3sology Introduction
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Amino acid positioning on the I Ching Matrix
Phe . . Leu . . . Ser . . . . -
1 63 44 62 . 13 61 . 33 60. . 10 59 6 58 . 25 57 . 12 56
ttt ttc tta ttg tct tcc tca tcg
Tyr --------- . Ochre . Amber Cys ----- . Umber . Trp
9 55 57 54 . 37 53 . 53 52 61 51 59 50 . 42 49 . 20 48
tat tac taa tag tgt tgc tga tgg
Leu . . . . .. . Pro . . . . .
14 47 50 46 . 30 45 . 56 44 . 38 43 64 42 . 21 41 . 35 40
ctt ctc cta ctg cct ccc cca ccg
His . . Gln . . . Arg . . . . .
26 39 18 38 . 22 37 . 52 36 . 41 35 4 34 . 27 33 . 23 32
cat cac caa cag cgt cgc cga cgg
Ile . . . . Met Thr . . . . .
att atc ata atg act acc aca acg
Asn . . Lys . . . Ser . . Arg . .
5 23 48 22 . 63 21 . 39 20 . 60 19 29 18 . 3 17 . 8 16
aat aac aaa aag agt agc aga agg
Val . . . . . . Ala . . . . .
34 15 32 14 . 55 13 . 62 12 . 54 11 40 10 . 51 9 . 16 8
gtt gtc gta gtg gct gcc gca gcg
Asp . . Glu . . . Gly . . . . .
11 7 46 6 . 36 5 . 15 4 . 19 3 7 2 . 24 1 . 2 0
gat gac gaa gag ggt ggc gga ggg
Amino acid three letter code: First number is I ching number -- Second number is the binary value of the DNA codon and I Ching Hexagram.
--- Amino acids and I Ching ---
http://www.cancun.com/sipp5/amino.stm
--- I Ching Genetic Code HyperDiamond Physics ---
http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/ichgene6.html
Source: Trigrams page 2
A distinction is clearly being made between the counting limit of two lines and the developmental transitional stage to the concept of "three," though it is being addressed from an abstract philosophical sense and not a strict mathematically oriented one. Nonetheless, an image of early man's primitive numerical awareness (and development) is being reflected via a philosophical avenue. This is not to say that some early Chinese did not think in advanced mathematical terms, it is simply an example of how the human brain begins to wrestle with more complex philosophical ideas by (unknowingly) using elementary mathematical formulations in its first attempts to express such ideas. This "attempt to progress by way of regression" towards (unknowingly) using elementary numerical/mathematical formulations is used in a variety of ways throughout the world. In other words, elementary numerical/mathematical concepts can be viewed as being exercised in all behavior if we would simply take the time to make the comparison. All present day philosophies, theologies, (and science) are being thought of and exercised within the scope of a very primitive arithmetic regardless of claims about sophistication in mathematical concepts, instrumentation, etc...
The so-called complexity appears to be nothing more than a compilation of simplicity, as if simplicity is a cognitive point of limitation that can not be progressed beyond with a true "stand alone" identity of its own. The so-called complexity, derived from a mere compilation of simplicity augmenting itself, is similar to our inability to construct a different word to represent, to describe. to articulate a size beyond large. Instead, we compile a series of X's. Whereas we adopt the word "medium" as a stand-alone distinction from the word "small," and the word "large" as a stand-alone distinction from the word "medium," there are no similar stand--alone words to describe the X, XX, and XXX--large sizing groups.
Analogously, we must wonder if greater intelligence much less genius, is but one or more "compilations of simplicity" instead of a stand-alone "emergent property." Along this same vein of consideration, while we can readily see that much of adult language is but a compilation of simple words learned in childhood, are there instances when adult language is truly a "stand-alone" emergent property of a "greater" cognitive complexity? While some may claim the "language" of mathematics is extremely complex and stands alone and apart from all other languages, symbolic or linguistically expressed, it too is a series of incrementally learned simplicities.
Even though a historian of mathematics might offer the view that trigonometry, geometry, algebra and the calculus are stand-alone mathematical ventures, each requiring an individualized set of cognitive skills before a student can progress into "higher" mathematics, thus representing inherent emergent properties, all of them are nonetheless serial compilations of simplicity and do not necessarily represent an "all encompassing" theory of realization no matter how much or to what elaborate an extent you mix and match separate fundamental concepts. Granted, a primitive's brain may not be able to grasp fundamental mathematical concepts enabling them to solve, much less develop a calculus problem, the whole of mathematics itself may be nothing more than the exercise of a simplicity relative to a modern brain's architecture.
Note: in terms of cognitive development, the re-usage of a solid or double line expresses a limit point in human thinking that is similar to the development of words-for-numbers such that there was a quantity one, a quantity two, but any quantity beyond the "two" was labeled "Many." Though the one-two-many is a pattern-of-three expression, it nonetheless describes a functional limiting capacity to the human mind. In our modern era, we have a similar example of cognitive limitation in our (America) usage of clothing sizes. We have small- medium- large, with larger sizes indicated by a re-usage of a "many" symbol: X- XX- and XXX large. In other words, the human mind appears unable to devise separate distinctions without some form of repetition.
Just like humanity's early attempts at number counting, there are many historical references to counting limits at the quantity two, one of which appears to be represented in the Chinese philosophy that is frequently referred to as the Trigrams. The developmental leap to the concept of "three" was frequently referred to as a representation of "many." (However, the development of number concepts as well as counting limits, in different places and times was represented by various symbols (including simple notches on sticks or stones).
However, let's not lose sight of the fact that a true trigram, with respect to a 1, 2, 3 quantity-of-lines differentiation, would look like this.
Imaginatively, if we were so inclined to think in terms of Morse (or computer) Code, we could view the lines and spaces as either dots or dashes (or zeros and ones), whether or not we include the spaces between each successive line as either a dot or dash as well. And if you were further inclined to think of the so-called Trigrams as a secret code, a full Morse Code decipherment is awaiting some astute translator's disposition to unravel yet another great ancient Chinese secret... (mystery in metaphor). Just don't forget to mention my name in your book or movie that an indulgent public doles out millions for. But I would prefer not to be named after one of the Fast-food chains' give-a-way toys.
With respect to Morse Code and natural events, an imaginative look at the Sun as a "Dot" and the intervals between the three defined positions (or "moments"), reveals the following "message". As the Sun expands along its decaying route, the message will be burnt up. First a Venus-like environment will appear and then a Mercury look-a-like.
A western interpretation which imposes the label of "Trigram," can lead to a misidentification of a "Trigram" philosophy that is actually a series of "Bigrams" that are striving for a Trigram identity. (A numerical concept of "two" that is advancing towards a numerical concept of "three.") Another example of a two-patterned perspective striving for a Three-patterned identity can be found in the (usually black/white colored) concept of Yin and Yang, which adopts the philosophical formula of Yin- Unity- Yang that a Western perspective might interpret to be a triad, but is actually a "biad" arrangement with an "intimation" of being a three-patterned structure. No less, we find another example of this when we look at the names of Asian gangs which espouse two-patterned references such as White Tigers, Red Dragons, etc., and yet are striving for an identity with a Triad organization.
However, we find this same type of Bigram-striving-for-a-Trigram-stature philosophy in the usage of a Binomial architecture underlying computer systems. The on/off circuitry of present-day electrical components is readily aligned to the true/false statements found in Boolean Algebra, which finds an amicable analogy with the usage of 1's and 0's used for modern computing systems. It is a small step towards appreciating the association between the concepts of Yin- Unity- Yang with White- Grey- Black, and misleading oneself into thinking they are representative of a tripartite form of 3-patterned syllogistic logic. The "Unity" portion is an assumption of achievement from the perfect coalescence of Yin and Yang. In terms of a modern day representation being used in computer technology, a Bigram form of computer language is thus an impediment towards helping computers achieve a type of consciousness comparable to a true trigram form of biological thinking and not accepted as a reality, based merely on speculative philosophical conjectures.
--- Boolean Operators ---
Subject page first Originated (saved into a folder): Thursday, November 13, 2014... 5:50 AM
Page re-Originated: Sunday, 24-Jan-2016... 08:51 AM
Initial Posting: Saturday, 13-Feb-2016... 10:59 AM
Updated Posting: Sunday, 23-June-2019... 2:26 PM
Your Questions, Comments or Additional Information are welcomed:
Herb O. Buckland
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Closings and DelaysCheck the latest closings and delays for schools, business, and churches around CNY and the Mohawk Valley.
1040 tax forms instructions printed from the Internal Revenue Service web page that are used for 2018 U.S. federal tax returns. (AP Photo/Keith Srakocic)
Report: New York's Tax Climate Remains Unfriendly to Business
By Nick Reisman New York State
PUBLISHED 7:43 AM ET Oct. 23, 2019 PUBLISHED 7:43 AM EDT Oct. 23, 2019
New York's tax climate continues to rank as one of the least hospitable to conduct business, according to the latest Tax Foundation ranking released on Tuesday.
The group ranked New York 49th overall in business climate, 48th for individual taxes, 43rd in sales taxes, 13th in corporate taxes, 46th for property taxes, and 38th for unemployment insurance taxes.
2020 State Business Tax Climate Index by Anonymous okrJR6rTR on Scribd
The state's business groups weren't necessarily surprised.
"New York again ranking near the bottom nationally in terms of its business tax burden is the latest reminder that much work remains to make the Empire State more competitive and affordable for small businesses," said Greg Biryla, NFIB's New York State Director.
"Making the property tax cap permanent last year was an essential step to control the long-term growth of local property taxes, but continued action is clearly needed," he continued. "New York should prioritize tax relief for small businesses on Main Street, which are most likely to reinvest in their growth, workforce, and communities."
Unshackled Upstate, a Rochester-based business group, pointed to New York dropping a notch in the ranking.
"Until Albany improves our harsh business climate, employers will continue to struggle and residents will continue to flee to more welcoming states," the group said.
In a statement, Gov. Andrew Cuomo's office noted the gains made over the last decade in controlling taxes in New York. Cuomo successfully pushed for a cap on property tax increases that limits levy growth at 2 percent or the rate of inflation.
The cap was made permanent in the most recent legislative session.
He also successfully won the passage of income tax cuts aimed at middle-income earners, with rates lowered to levels not seen in decades.
Cuomo has also railed against the federal government's cap on state and local taxes set at $10,000. The move, he contends, is aimed at higher tax states like New York.


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Displaying 62 Dublin jobs
Accounts/Payroll/Administrator
Community Lynks Project - Inchicore, Dublin 8
Overall Role: To ensure the effective and efficient administration and co-ordination of all the financial and material resources of the CE Scheme and to report to the Management Team/Sponsor Group on its implementation.Key Tasks: duties and responsibilities: Administer all areas of finance including organisation, planning and control of project...
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Sanderson Recruitment - Dublin North
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Treasury Manager (Part-Time)
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This past summer has brought to light information that was widely assumed within the technology community. Disclosures by Snowden and the Guardian revealed the scope and specific details around a massive data collection apparatus that exists. While the stated abilities of their network only bring about 1.5% of the internet traffic into its grasp we chose to use those events as a catalyst to improve the security of your data.
With our latest release we have done a few things to improve security. First and foremost we now force all connections to Fresh Vine to be done over a secure and encrypted connections (this has been an option for several years now). This is similar to when you purchase things online. Our connections use strong 256-bit encryption. At this level your connection to Fresh Vine is stronger than that of many online retailers like Amazon and maybe your bank as well (ours only uses 128-bit encryption).
While this does not mean that a willing third party cannot intercept your data, it does make it more difficult and much less tempting. Imagine someone walking past a number of cars parked on the street; if they were looking to break into a car they might try the door to see if it was unlocked (not-encrypted) for easy work. Most times if the door is locked you'll move onto the next one. The exception to this is if there is something of obvious value that they know is inside a particular car, so they take the time to break in (decrypt your data).
This is where our car example breaks down because I can easily look inside a car window to see if there is anything valuable inside. With your connection to Fresh Vine there is no way to see what data is being transferred between you and Fresh Vine without first decrypting the connection. All they can easily know without decrypting these communications is that your browser/application is sending and receiving data from our servers.
It is important to say that at this time we have not had any security breaches and that these changes are done as precautionary measure.
In addition to improving load times within Fresh Vine the new session system allows us to have more control over how we handle you after logging into Fresh Vine. This helps us ensure that you continue to stay you, and that we safely log you out when you have been inactive for too long. While not dealing with encryption like we were talking about above, this is just as important.
Most data breaches are not due to someone intercepting your traffic, but because someone has incorrect access on their user account or uses a computer that is already logged in. This falls under the category of user-error, and we are working hard to ensure the data stored with Fresh Vine is safe and accessible to the eyes you want to see it.
While this isn't the most invigrorating topic we want to make sure you understand how we keep your data and conections secure. If you have any questions please leave them the comments below.


text:
Die Pollet-Bande, auch als Die Banditen von Hazebrouck bezeichnet, war eine Gruppe von Banditen, die um 1900 Nordfrankreich und das südliche Westflandern mit 131 kriminellen Taten terrorisierten.

Geschichte und Werdegang
In Béthune, einem kleinen französischen Provinzort, wurden am 11. Januar 1909 Abel und Auguste Pollet, Häupter einer Mord- und Raubbande, und zwei ihrer Spießgesellen hingerichtet. Erstmals seit über drei Jahren hatte man in Frankreich wieder die Guillotine eingesetzt. Anatole Deibler (1863–1939), "Monsieur de Paris", war der den Akt überwachende Scharfrichter. Er hatte zum 1. Januar 1899 die Nachfolge seines Vaters Louis angetreten.

Die "Pollet-Bande", wie ihr Spitzname in der lokalen und nationalen Presse lautete, war eine Gruppe von Banditen, die um 1900 Nordfrankreich und das südliche Westflandern mit 131 kriminellen Taten terrorisierten. Diese hoch organisierte Bande von zuletzt 27 Personen ("des bandits d'Hazebrouck") wurde von den Brüdern Abel und Auguste Pollet angeführt, daher rührt der Name "bande Pollet". Die große Zahl der Verbrechen dieser Banditen weckte das Interesse zahlreicher Journalisten. Sie sollten am Ende wegen zahlreicher Verbrechen verurteilt werden. Dem Anführer der Bande, Abel Pollet (1873–1909), wurden allein 790 Einbrüche zugeschrieben. Er soll oft in die Cafés von Hazebrouck gegangen sein, um Informationen zur Vorbereitung seiner Einbrüche zu sammeln.

Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts herrschte in Frankreich ein Klima der zunehmenden Unsicherheit, die weitgehend von der nationalen Presse gefördert war, die auf die Unfähigkeit der Polizei hinwies: Die "Apachen", wie man um 1900 die räuberischen Kleinkriminellen in Paris bezeichnete, grassierten in Paris, die "Chauffeure der Drôme" terrorisierten die Bewohner der Landschaft rund um Valence und von Romans-sur-Isère im Département Drôme. Die Straflosigkeit vieler Verbrechen und die Langlebigkeit krimineller Karrieren demonstrierten die Unfähigkeit des Staates, ihnen mit ausreichenden und fähigen Sicherheitskräften entgegenzuwirken.

Pollet "spezialisierte" sich zunächst auf den Diebstahl von Nahrungsmitteln, die er aus den Höhlen und Salinen der Menschen in der Region plünderte. Im Jahr 1901 wurde er wegen eines Einbruchs in Vieux-Berquin festgenommen. Dafür bekam er eine Gefängnisstrafe von vier Jahren, die er im gleichen Jahr im Prison de Loos-lès-Lille antrat. Nachdem er seine Freiheit wiedererlangt hatte, wartete er nicht einmal eine Woche, um wieder in "Arbeit" zu kommen, und zwar mit den während seiner langen Haft erworbenen Kenntnissen. So verübte er von Februar bis August 1905, oftmals von seinem Bruder Auguste begleitet, 41 Einbrüche, teils auch unter Anwendung von Gewalt.

Ende 1904 stellte er seine letztendliche Räuberbande zusammen. Im Sommer 1905 trat Théophile Deroo, "Charlot", hinzu. Marcel Deroo und Louise Matoret, 21 Jahre alte Geliebte von Abel Pollet, die mit ihm auch zusammenlebte, schlossen schließlich den engeren Kreis der Räuberbande. Insgesamt werden den Polletbrüdern und ihren Komplizen, deren Einzugsbereich sich vom französisch-belgischen Grenzraum zum Bergbaubecken der Provinz Artois, mit einer Vorliebe für die flämische Ebene, erstreckte, 114 Überfälle mit vorgehaltener Waffe, sieben Mordversuche und die Tötung von vier Menschen zugerechnet.

Der Geschworenengerichts-Prozess fand nach zwei Jahren Aufbereitungszeit unter dem Vorsitz von Maxime Lefrançois (1857–1926) vom 16. bis 26. Juni 1908 in Saint-Omer im Departement Pas-de-Calais statt. Der Gerichtssaal musste erweitert werden, um Platz für insgesamt 27 Angeklagte zu schaffen, ebenso für die regionale und nationale Presse und eine Menge von Schaulustigen. Die Pollet-Bande musste sich nun für vier Morde, sieben Mordversuche und 114 versuchte oder tatsächlich begangene Diebstähle in Verbindung mit Drohungen und Gewalt verantworten.

Die Vierfachhinrichtung der "bandits d'Hazebrouck" am Montag, dem 11. Januar 1909, in Béthune wurde zu einem regelrechten Volksfest, zu dem die ganze nationale Presse und zahlreiche "Touristen" anreisten.

Le Petit Journal titelte im Vorfeld: "quatre têtes tomberont ce matin à Béthune…Abel et Auguste Pollet, Deroo et Vromant paieront les crimes des bandits du Nord" (Vier Köpfe fallen an diesem Morgen: Abel und Auguste Pollet, Deroo und Vromant bezahlen für die Verbrechen der Banditen des Nordens).

Die Deutsche Juristen-Zeitung berichtete noch im gleichen Jahr über die Vorkommnisse in Béthune, der Rosenheimer Anzeiger war bereits am 13. Januar 1909 auf dem neuesten Stand.

Bereits am gleichen Tag berichtete L'Aurore in Paris ausführlich. Dabei wurden noch einmal alle Verbrechen zur Sprache gebracht, aber auch der traurige Akt minutiös dargestellt.

Anatole Deibler notierte in seinen "Carnets d'exécutions" chronologisch alle Verbrechen der von ihm hingerichteten Menschen. Er verzeichnete auch die Hintergründe zur jüngsten Exekution, die er der Tagespresse entnehmen konnte, wie beispielsweise Cherbourg-Éclair vom 11. Januar und L'Echo du Finistère vom 16. Januar 1909. Über die Hinrichtung selbst notierte er: "Exécutés à Béthune / Le 11 janvier 1909 lundi / Les nommés Deroo Théophile – Vromant-Canut – Pollet Auguste – Pollet Abel, condamnés par la Cour d'Assises du Pas-de-Calais le 26 juin 1908, pour avoir commis une série de crimes et vols dans la région du Nord. / Tous les quatres étaient les principaux membres de la bande de malfaiteurs dénommés 'Les bandits d'Hazebrouck'."

Literatur
 Matthias Blazek: Räuberbande versetzte in den Jahren nach 1900 ganz Nordfrankreich in Schockzustand – Guillotine wird nach jahrelanger Pause für Vierfachhinrichtung 1909 in Béthune aufgestellt. In: Kameradschaftliches aus Fontainebleau – Mitteilungsblatt des Freundeskreises Deutscher Militärischer Bevollmächtigter in Frankreich. Nr. 43 und 44, September 2015 und April 2016, Münster (Westfalen)/ Adelheidsdorf 2015/16, S. 8 ff. und 5 ff.
 Matthias Blazek: Räuberbande versetzte in den Jahren nach 1900 ganz Nordfrankreich in Schockzustand – Guillotine wird nach jahrelanger Pause für Vierfachhinrichtung 1909 in Béthune aufgestellt. In: Journal der juristischen Zeitgeschichte. (JoJZG), Nr. 3/2014, de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, S. 104 ff.
 Anatole Deibler / Gérard Jaeger (Hrsg.): Carnets d'exécutions (1885–1939). L'Archipel, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-84187-537-7.

Weblinks

 Guillotine wird nach jahrelanger Pause für Vierfachhinrichtung 1909 in Béthune aufgestellt, Matthias-Blazek.eu

Einzelnachweise

Räuberbande

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia