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Lightweight construction guarantees global sustainability
Key technology Lightweight construction guarantees global sustainability
11.08.2019 Author Dipl.-Ing. Annedore Bose-Munde
Intelligent lightweight construction solutions are also increasingly finding a place in machine building. The focus here is on new geometries and materials, but also on simulation and 3D printing.
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Autodesk GmbH
Hainbuch GmbH Spannende Technik
A complete reverse engineering was carried out at Rolf Lenk on a headset cover of the Cadillac Eldorado, built in 1967, and the component was then printed, mechanically reworked and then installed.
(Bild: Rolf Lenk)
Lightweight construction is an elementary part of a more sustainable production. It already begins long before the actual manufacturing and plays a role throughout the entire value creation chain – from the raw material to the finished component. Accordingly, firms must evaluate this topic in time," says Steffen Krause, Technical Sales Manager at the software developer Autodesk. "Our mission is to automate draft designs by customers and to develop processes to allow more and better control – and all of this with less negative effects on the environment. With Autodesk technology, manufacturers can improve their results and contribute to shaping a better world by realising better efficiency in materials and energy in their design and manufacturing processes."
For Hainbuch, the Swabian manufacturer of workpiece clamping solutions in Marbach, sustainability and the related responsibility for environmental protection are self-evident goals and form an important element in the firm's identity. Since 2016, for example, an energy norm, so-called energy politics, is anchored in the environmental guidelines. "With this we reduce emissions and waste, raise energy efficiency, guarantee a conservational treatment of resources and reduce hazardous materials. For we wish not only to develop and produce high quality products, but also to promote environmental protection and sustainability," explains Stefan Nitsche, in charge of product management at Hainbuch.
Gallery with 7 images
Lightweight construction is a precondition for material efficiency
The 3D Micro Print GmbH in Chemnitz specialises in producing metal micro-parts using micro-laser sintering, and it also sells the relevant machines. For this firm in Saxony, sustainability also means developing and manufacturing products with functional integration, thus creating added value for the customer – without compromises in the material properties and uses of the components.
"The interplay of new geometry and new materials is essential when it comes to generating lightweight and sustainable products with added value. At this point, expert advice is necessary to point out to the customer the critical adjustments for product development and the manufacturing process," emphasises Thomas Klotz, Quality Assurance Manager at 3D Micro Print.
This much is clear: Without 3D printing, many tasks in lightweight construction would be impossible, and it is also an essential prere- quisite for material efficiency. Here many parts can already be joined together at the design stage. "The generative design approach at Autodesk is an important tool which often enables the creation of new geometrical forms. It helps our customers to reduce weight and to consolidate parts. General Motors, for example, used this approach with additive manufacture when thinking out a new seat retainer," Krause says, giving an example for a component developed consistently on lightweight construction principles from the very beginning. "The new part consisted of one component instead of eight as previously. In addition, it was 40 % lighter and 20 % stronger."
Lighter and smaller clamping equipment
To clamp workpieces for milling, turning and grinding, Hainbuch has developed ultra-light clamping equipment from carbon fibre. According to the firm, these provide higher productivity, lower energy consumption and smaller loads on the machine drive. Thanks to the working material, this CFRP clamping equipment is up to two thirds lighter than standard items.
Things to know about additive manufacturing
"We can offer almost all clamping equipment as carbon fibre variants in the individual customer field. In addition, with the mini range, we have developed chucks with a low interference contour and lower mass. These two factors are playing an increasingly important role in finishing work. Access to the tools and lower energy consumption are features of a modern and future-oriented clamping system. The more dynamic spindle acceleration reduces cycle times. And overall the costs per workpiece fall," Nitsche states in describing the solutional approaches at Hainbuch. At the EMO Hannover, the firm will display the manual vice Manok CFK Leichtbau, along with the mini range of chucks and many other new developments on which sustainability aspects have made an impact.
With lightweight construction in mind, 3D Micro Print uses micro-laser sintering technology for high-precision metal micro-components, offering the customer both product manufacture and holistic service from one provider. The portfolio includes exchange of knowledge, functional component integration, manufacturable design, manufacture of mass production parts and, if requested, material development. The processes here are designed for ultra- high-resolution and precise micro-components in the µm-range. The firm develops and produces not only fine lattice structures, but also geometries with detailed interior structures. Corresponding solutional approaches for various sectors will be presented by the firm at the EMO in Hannover.
Artificial intelligence leads to more agile working
For machine builders and their customers, sustainability and lightweight construction offer clear competitive advantages in the value creation chain and are therefore essential. This is also confirmed by Autodesk'sTechnical Sales Manager, Steffen Krause: "More than 60 % of our customers have success factors and goals linked to sustainability – with an upwards trend. Via the delivery chain, this is also transferred to the service providers."
In view of this background, Autodesk has decided, under the umbrella of automation, to put its effort into artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, and also 3D printing. This means that design, machine construction and simulation are united digitally, all the way into the details of CAM, additive manufacturing and factory management. "This unified platform dissolves the boundaries between the disciplines, enables more agile working among the engineering teams, and enables manufacturers to become more competitive," Krause underlines.
At the Autodesk fair booth at the EMO in Hannover, visitors will be able to gain insights into the CAM software used in the exhibits. They will be able, for example, to see demanding complex components with free-form surfaces which show what a high surface quality can be achieved with it. This also includes examples from hybrid manufacturing in which additive and subtractive processes interact. They will moreover show exhibits going into depth on the possibilities of generative design.
With the right development tools and a generous portion of engineering knowledge, much can be achieved with lightweight construction. The only limits are imposed by physics. "So far, we have been able to fulfil all customer requirements. Lightweight construction, with the associated reduction in interference contours, only reaches its limits where the holding forces, stiffness and precision can no longer be guaranteed," emphasises Hainbuch's Stefan Nitsche. Thomas Klotz, of 3D Micro Print, adds: "Lightweight construction currently reaches its limits when it comes to highly standardised processes and products which leave no space free for raising the performance."
Premium 3D printing platform for footwear
Counteracting geometrical deviations
3D metal printing is also one of the competences at the Rolf Lenk Werkzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH in Hamburg. Matthias Otte is in charge of the additive manufacturing area. He explains the critical factors when it comes to manufacturing: "The component must meet dimensional tolerances. This means that the distortion and shrinkage in additive manufacturing processes must be counteracted. An important point here is optical surveying of geometry. This also allows a quick check on possible deviations." With the help of optical measurement technology, the firm is in a position to give support all the way along the process chain in additive manufacture and thus produce perfectly fitting components. This begins with a geometrical survey of the components, continues with detecting deviations due to distortion and shrinkage, and goes all the way through to a results protocol for the finished part. Even during running production, inaccuracies compared to the planned geometry can be identified. If necessary, quick intervention is then possible. At the EMO, the firm will use various components to demonstrate its competences in the 3D-printing field.
* Dipl. Eng. Annedore Bose-Munde is a specialist author in 99094 Erfurt, tel. (00 49-3 61) 78 94 46 95, info@bose-munde.de, www.bose-munde.de


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MIT Professor Emeritus Dispels Lies of White House 'Intelligence' Report on Khan Shaykhun, Syria
"Possible configuration of an improvised sarin dispersal device that uses an externally placed explosive and a sealed pipe that has been filled with sarin that could potentially contain 8 to 10 L of sarin."–Professor Theodore Postol, MIT.
One man's clear-minded analysis has destroyed the claims by Washington to have 'intelligence' and 'evidence' that the Syrian government used a chemical substance against its people in western Syria last week.
In his introductory remarks, Professor Emeritus of Science, Technology, and National Security Policy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor Theodore Postol, noted:
"I have reviewed the document carefully, and I believe it can be shown, without doubt, that the document does not provide any evidence whatsoever that the US government has concrete knowledge that the government of Syria was the source of the chemical attack in Khan Shaykhun, Syria at roughly 6 to 7 a.m. on April 4, 2017."
In an RT interview with Professor Postol, the introductory article explains:
"A professor who challenged the 2013 claims of a chemical attack in Syria is now questioning the Trump administration's narrative blaming the Assad government for the April 4 attack in the Idlib province town of Khan Shaykhun.
On Tuesday, the White House released a declassified intelligence brief accusing Syrian President Bashar Assad of ordering and organizing the attack, in which Syrian planes allegedly dropped chemical ordnance on civilians in the rebel-held town.
The report "contains absolutely no evidence that this attack was the result of a munition being dropped from an aircraft," wrote Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Professor Theodore Postol, who reviewed it and put together a 14-page assessment, which he provided to RT on Wednesday.
"I believe it can be shown, without doubt, that the document does not provide any evidence whatsoever that the US government has concrete knowledge that the government of Syria was the source of the chemical attack in Khan Shaykhun," wrote Postol.
A chemical attack with a nerve agent did occur, he said, but the available evidence does not support the US government's conclusions.
"I have only had a few hours to quickly review the alleged White House intelligence report. But a quick perusal shows without a lot of analysis that this report cannot be correct," Postol wrote.
…The report offered by the White House, however, cited "a wide body of open-source material" and "social media accounts" from the rebel-held area, including footage provided by the White Helmets rescue group documented to have ties with jihadist rebels, Western and Gulf Arab governments…."
The interview:
Professor Theodore Postol's analysis: "A Quick Turnaround Assessment of the White House Intelligence Report Issued on April 11, 2017 About the Nerve Agent Attack in Khan Shaykhun, Syria"
Important excerpts from Postol's analysis:
"Figure 2 shows a high quality photograph of the crater identified in the White House report as the source of the sarin attack. Assuming that there was no tampering of evidence at the crater, one can see what the White House is claiming as a dispenser of the nerve agent. The dispenser looks like a 122 mm pipe like that used in the manufacture of artillery rockets.
As shown in the close-up of the pipe in the crater in Figure 3, the pipe looks like it was originally sealed at the front end and the back end. Also of note is that the pipe is flattened into the crater, and also has a fractured seam that was created by the brittle failure of the metal skin when the pipe was suddenly crushed inward from above.
Figure 4 shows the possible configuration of an improvised sarin dispersal device that could have been used to create the crater and the crushed carcass of what was originally a cylindrical pipe. A good guess of how this dispersal mechanism worked (again, assuming that the crater and carcass were not staged, as assumed in the White House report) was that a slab of high explosive was placed over one end of the sarin-filled pipe and detonated. The explosive acted on the pipe as a blunt crushing mallet. It drove the pipe into the ground while at the same time creating the crater. Since the pipe was filled with sarin, which is an incompressible fluid, as the pipe was flattened the sarin acted on the walls and ends of the pipe causing a crack along the length of the pipe and also the failure of the cap on the back end. This mechanism of dispersal is essentially the same as hitting a toothpaste tube with a large mallet, which then results in the tube failing and the toothpaste being blown in many directions depending on the exact way the toothpaste skin ruptures. If this is in fact the mechanism used to disperse the sarin, this indicates that the sarin tube was placed on the ground by individuals on the ground and not dropped from an airplane.
Figure 8 shows the improvised sarin dispenser along with a typical 122 mm artillery rocket and the modified artillery rocket used in the sarin attack of August 21, 2013 in Damascus. At that time (August 30, 2013) the Obama White House also issued an intelligence report containing obvious inaccuracies. For example, that report stated without equivocation that the sarin carrying artillery rocket used in Damascus had been fired from Syrian government controlled areas. As it turned out, the particular munition used in that attack could not go further than roughly 2 km, very far short of any boundary controlled by the Syrian government at that time.
The White House report at that time also contained other critical and important errors that might properly be described as amateurish. For example, the report claimed that the locations of the launch and impact of points of the artillery rockets were observed by US satellites. This claim was absolutely false and any competent intelligence analyst would have known that. The rockets could be seen from the Space-Based Infrared Satellite (SBIRS) but the satellite could absolutely not see the impact locations because the impact locations were not accompanied by explosions. These errors were clear indicators that the White House intelligence report had in part been fabricated and had not been vetted by competent intelligence experts.
This same situation appears to be the case with the current White House intelligence report. No competent analyst would assume that the crater cited as the source of the sarin attack was unambiguously an indication that the munition came from an aircraft. No competent analyst would assume that the photograph of the carcass of the sarin canister was in fact a sarin canister. Any competent analyst would have had questions about whether the debris in the crater was staged or real. No competent analyst would miss the fact that the alleged sarin canister was forcefully crushed from above, rather than exploded by a munition within it. All of these highly amateurish mistakes indicate that this White House report, like the earlier Obama White House Report, was not properly vetted by the intelligence community as claimed.
What I can say for sure herein is that what the country is now being told by the White House cannot be true and the fact that this information has been provided in this format raises the most serious questions about the handling of our national security.
Theodore A. Postol
Professor Emeritus of Science, Technology, and National Security Policy Massachusetts Institute of Technology"
If you are somehow not yet familiar with the al-Qaeda apologists known as the White Helmets, who the US is referring to as a 'source', start here:
-America Illegally Bombs Syria Under False Pretexts. Links for critical thinking.
–Le Corf: White Helmets Were Al Qaeda's Next Door Neighbours in Aleppo (March 2017)
April 14, 2017 April 15, 2017 Eva Bartlettmedia lies, Syria
14 thoughts on "MIT Professor Emeritus Dispels Lies of White House 'Intelligence' Report on Khan Shaykhun, Syria"
MIT Professor Emeritus Dispels Lies of White House 'Intelligence' Report on Khan Shaykhun, Syria | Media Fact Checks
[…] this article from Eva Bartlett's blog site. The media is not reporting the facts and instead they simply continue blaming Assad for the […]
James Prendergast
Solid report- fabricated atrocity for a pretext. Sure Trump was also lied to as he only can know what he is told
ragheadthefiendlyterrorist
The point is this is literally debunking the "evidence" cited by Al Qaeda and America saying there was a sarin attack. They said this was the proof of the "Sarin Attack", and their "proof" is provably a lie.
illegal bombing in the name of justice: Syria, Trump and the latest WMD accusations | wall of controversy
[…] a more comprehensive summary of the report I recommend this article by independent journalist Eva […]
patrick craig
Thanks Eva, so appreciative of your work. " So, your sources on the ground, you don't have them" said Eva to the stenographer.
MIT Prof Emeritus Debunks WH Intel Report Re Assad's "Chemical Attack on Civilians" | Tales from the Conspiratum
[…] https://ingaza.wordpress.com/ […]
Real Reporting on Syria Instead of Lies and Bull___t From Zionist Media! – Brutal Proof
[…] MIT Professor Emeritus Dispels Lies of White House 'Intelligence' Report on Khan Shaykhun, Syri… […]
Jimmy Dore: "…They're not outraged at the terrorist butcher who lured children with food, then blew them up?" #West's 'rebels' slaughter #Foua #Kafraya children | In Gaza
[…] Related info on the unsubstantiated accusations that the Syrian government used chemical weapons in Khan Sheikhoun: MIT Professor Emeritus Dispels Lies of White House 'Intelligence' Report on Khan Shaykhun, Syria […]
Jimmy Dore: "…They're not outraged at the terrorist butcher who lured children with food, then blew them up?" #West's 'rebels' slaughter #Foua #Kafraya children | NWO's "genie out of the bottle"
U.S. Not Outraged With Terrorist Who Lured Children With Food, Then Blew Them Up" | Counter Information
Russia's Information and Press Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ask Why Still No UN Investigation Into Chemical Allegations In Syria | In Gaza
[…] –MIT Professor Emeritus Dispels Lies of White House 'Intelligence' Report on Khan Shaykhun, Syria […]
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Universal parts refer to that some auto parts can use both in auto industry and other industries. It consists of the following parts:bearings, is a device that with inside and outside the seat, a row or row ball; Fasteners, is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together; Pipe, is a tubular section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow fuel and water; Glass, is a non-crystalline solid material which are typically brittle, and often optically transparent.
Xiamen Jinbaili Metals Co., Ltd.


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Angels, demons, and butchers: G2A Deal No. 5
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Audiobooks > Fiction > General Fiction > The Way of Shadows
Download The Way of Shadows Audiobook
Author: Brent Weeks Narrator: J. Paul Boehmer, Paul Boehmer Publisher: Tantor Format: Unabridged Audiobook Delivery: Instant Download Audio Length: 21 hours Series: The Night Angel Trilogy Release Date: August 2009 ISBN: 9781400182862
4.00 (35,552 ratings) (rate this audio book)
For Durzo Blint, assassination is an art—and he is the city's most accomplished artist, his talents required from alleyway to courtly boudoir.
For Azoth, survival is precarious, something you never take for granted. As a guild rat, he's grown up in the slums and learned to judge people quickly—and to take risks. Risks like apprenticing himself to Durzo Blint.
But to be accepted, Azoth must turn his back on his old life and embrace a new identity and name. As Kylar Stern, he must learn to navigate the assassins' world of dangerous politics and strange magics—and cultivate a flair for death. Download and start listening now!
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Quotes & Awards
I was mesmerized from start to finish. Unforgettable characters, a plot that kept me guessing, nonstop action, and the kind of in-depth storytelling that makes me admire a writer's work. Terry Brooks, New York Times bestselling author
Susan | 2/20/2014
" The Way of Shadows is the second book that I have read by Weeks, and I enjoyed it as much as The Black Prism. Weeks creates an amazing cast of characters that capture the readers attention from the very beginning and that interests just continues to build as the reader learns more about them. Azoth is a great choice of hero in that he is a guild rat barely making it living on the streets but his heart and true sense of self shows in his compassion for his two friends, Jarl and Doll Girl. It is because of his love for them and his own sense of guilt for not being able to save them as well as his need to survive that he apprentices himself to Durzo Blint. The journey that Azoth takes to become Kylar is really the heart of Week's story. Blint is an interesting hero/anti-hero in that he is Azoth/Kylar's "father"/mentor/friend/enemy/ally and serves as a great secondary lead. The journey he takes in the book is just as powerful as Azoth/Kylar's and is also a focal point of the story. Weeks also adds some great secondary characters in Jarl, Doll Girl, Logan, and Momma K that only add to the overall story. Weeks does an amazing job with his world building something I also really enjoyed with The Black Prism. Weeks shows us several sides to that world with the guild rats, the royalty, and the nobles as well as the threat of the Khalidorans intent on invasion. Overall this was an amazing read, and I am already looking forward to the next book in the trilogy. I would definitely recommend The Way of Shadows if you enjoy action, adventure, drama, romance, and intriguing twists and turns mixed in with your fantasy. "
Adam | 2/19/2014
" Strong, fun fantasy. Pretty conventional hero (orphan who becomes a tool of prophecy), but a witty lead. Female roles are not the best, and are mostly girly-girls. "
Becca | 2/13/2014
" Oh my God, that was epic! A perfect blend of a believable kingdom in squalor and beautifully crafted magic and mystery. Add some humor, sarcasm, passion love and death (going hand in hand), and a little unnecessary profanities (however, they were very well placed and didn't seem so bad in that setting) and you have an altogether good read. I loved it. School and work has been keeping me from reading as much as I would have liked, and I would have liked to stay up for two days straight, wired on caffeine, and read until either A) my eyes dried up and fell out or B) I finished this wonderful read. I have to get to the next few books, and soon. "
Skip | 2/13/2014
" This reminds me of Game of Thrones but on a smaller scale. Plenty of intrigue, suffering, people dying, etc. Has a Greek tragedy feel to it, as no one seems to ever quite get what they're looking for in the end, although there's certainly some happy outcomes in the short term for the characters. Excellent book! "
Vanessa | 2/7/2014
" Meh. I will not continue this series, even if it did pick up near the end. Durzo was probably one of my favorite characters and he's dead. Azoth/Kylar is supposedly moving to another city with Elene and giving up his wet boy career. Most of the characters are flat, but Elene was the worst. She's boring and "good" having no flaws whatsoever besides her actual scars on her face. I didn't care for the overly done ending with Azoth and Elene but I suppose it just goes with me not really liking most of the book. I'm sad because I expected to like this book and at the end of the book it almost made me continue the series. "
Evan | 1/18/2014
" Great story. It even comes close to being unique. The dirty, grungy setting is delicious, the plot is at times unpredictable, and the characters are rich and diverse. However, the editors should have been fired, there are so many typos. The Night Angel trilogy comes out of the hyper-competitive fantasy genre and really just manages to fill out empty shelves in corporate bookstores. Its a pity. Its a fantastic story, and it should have been entrusted to a better writer and a better publisher. I never bothered to pick up the sequels. "
Ravioli | 1/13/2014
" This is an AMAZING book... "
Kim | 12/30/2013
" Awesome series! Excellent character devleopment and a refreshing change from the usual fantasy novels. "
Valjomi527 | 9/15/2013
" Azoth is one of he coolest heroes in fiction, would that I could hang with him in life. "
" Brilliant.... Not many books have kept me guessing like this one. Brent Weeks is ruthless and kept me enthralled through out the series. I can't wait for his next adventure "
Brett.d.hotchkiss | 8/1/2013
" This was a two star book initially but the latter parts were entertaining enough to bump it up. Probably won't read the next two books in the series. "
Jason | 1/9/2013
" One of the best fantasies I've read in a long time. "
Phillip | 12/18/2012
" I have never read an assassin book before but have definitely read fantasy. This book kept me guessing and has left me wanting to more of the future story as well as the back story. "
Jonathan | 12/13/2012
" Meh. I really wanted to like this novel. This started out with a compelling premise and interesting characters, but devolved into cardboard soap-opera melodrama by the middle. The buildup to that point was strong, with good potential, but is then seemingly thrown away. Lost interest, didn't finish. "
Rod | 8/25/2012
" I got sucked in right away, with the characters and the setting. Impressive creation of an entire world. Intrigue, civil war, love, etc. "
Sloth362 | 5/19/2012
" One of the best books I have ever read. The authors ability to accurately write about the human condition in the warrens and the horrors that azoth faces everyday pulls the reader in and makes azoths choice to become a wet boy more relatable then one might think. "
Anastasia | 4/19/2012
" Just re-read this one. Occasionally it feels derivative, but it always keeps my attention. Sometimes I want to smack the main character, but again....I have trouble giving it less than five stars, because I can't stop reading it! "
Neal | 2/27/2012
" Could not put it down. Much better than the slog that is the second book of the Malazan series. "
Jill | 10/21/2011
" This was a fantastic first installment in a thrilling trilogy. Some plots points were predictable, but for the most part it kept me on my toes. There were even times when I literally gasped out loud. I can't wait to continue the series. "
Lillian-lotus | 9/15/2011
" The characters are very well thought out. The story line itself is one that keeps you guessing and keeping you intent to see where things go. Do not expect the ending you get in this first book. Because where it leaves off is a whole thought different then you could see coming. "
Amy | 6/12/2011
" Amazing book! This author now has me hooked. He is not afraid to make his characters flawed, realistic, and yet has a way of making you love them despite it all. I can't wait to read more! "
John | 6/10/2011
" Really good book! Manages to get all of the themes an epic tale should have, I am looking forward to the next installation in the author's new series. "
Rob | 6/4/2011
" I shouldn't be too critical, as it is a first book, but compared with other fantasy books, I personally feel this is quite poor. I would suggest it's possibly aimed at a younger audience (teens?), which is maybe why I didn't like it. "
David | 6/2/2011
" Really a 3.5 stars rating. Weeks has created a believable and mostly engaging tale in an alternate world. His characters are believable. My biggest reason for not giving it a 4 star rating is that the characters weren't as engaging as they could have been. "
Brent Weeks was born and raised in Montana. He is the New York Times bestselling author of the Night Angel trilogy and the Lightbringer series, among others.
About the Narrators
Paul Boehmer is an American actor best known for his numerous appearances in the Star Trek universe. He began his audiobook work in 2000 and has since lent his voice to many fiction and nonfiction titles. He has won several AudioFile Earphones Awards as well as the prestigious Audie Award for Best Narration in 2009 and 2014. Between books, he is active in regional theaters across the country. His television appearances include guest spots on Nip/Tuck and Numb3rs.


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Home Industry News Milestone JCB meal served as food aid initiative enters final month
Milestone JCB meal served as food aid initiative enters final month
Pictured is JCB Executive Chef Alistair Rowe celebrating 250,000 meals at JCB HQ, Rocester
JCB's 'Food for our Communities' initiative today hit a massive milestone as company chefs served up the 25,000th meal for those in need in Staffordshire.
Since the launch of the scheme – the idea of Carole Bamford, wife of JCB Chairman Lord Bamford – catering staff at the World HQ in Rocester have prepared cottage pies, macaroni cheese and bolognese dishes for disadvantaged families and individuals across the region during the Coronavirus crisis.
Today the 25,000th meal was cooked and despatched from JCB's kitchen following the start of the initiative in March. So far, the team has used around five tonnes of potatoes, more than 2.5 tonnes of minced beef and more than a tonne of both pasta and onions to prepare the dishes.
In India – where JCB has factories in Delhi, Pune and Jaipur – the scale of the initiative to support local communities was even greater and more than 175,000 meals served up during the course of the project.
Carole Bamford, wife of JCB Chairman Lord Bamford, said: "The teams in the UK and India have done an amazing job in supporting our communities during this crisis and the provision of more than 200,000 meals has made such a positive difference to so many people."
JCB Chef Alastair Rowe said: "This has been an extremely rewarding initiative to have been involved in knowing that it has helped so many people in our local communities."
Since launch, the project – which concludes at the end of this month – has expanded to include sandwiches and so far, around 6,000 have been made for distribution to the homeless in Stoke-on-Trent and for inclusion in food parcels for vulnerable people in the Uttoxeter area. JCB is also supplying St. Michael's Church Support Group in Rocester with 100 meals a week for villagers who are in need.
As well as providing thousands of meals, JCB has also donated vital PPE to front line workers and JCB and its employees have volunteered to produce visors for the NHS. Inspired by these efforts, JCB-sponsored athletes, slalom canoeist Adam Burgess and triple jumper Ben Williams, took on a marathon weight lifting challenge and have so far raised more than £2,400 for the Royal Stoke University Hospital.
JCB's kitchens in Staffordshire are being supported with the provision of food from organic farms at Daylesford in Gloucestershire. Daylesford – founded by Carole Bamford – has supplied organic beef mince to the project, with staff working seven days a week to support the food aid initiative.
Thousands of the meals made in Staffordshire are being distributed across Stoke-on-Trent by the Burslem-based Hubb Foundation, to children and families in need across the city. In the UK, JCB is also working with Stoke-on-Trent City Council, which is distributing JCB meals to vulnerable adults and children across the city.
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Q: Uninstall xcode 4.5 (iOS 6) Just realised I've made a mistake of updating xcode 4.5 (iOS 6) as it causing problems.
How to uninstall xcode 4.5 (iOS 6)? safely? as iOS 6 is beta. I want to go back to xcode 5.1.

A: iOS6 is no longer beta. So if you installed Xcode 4.5 from the store, you already have the release version of Xcode 4.5. If not, get it from the store.
If you want an older version of Xcode, look here.

A: There are cases where you may not want to upgrade to the latest version of Xcode.
In my company there are still customers with iPhone 3 that are running iOS 4.2.1 and Xcode 4.5 won't generate code for it. Xcode will generate for 4.3 upwards.
Surprisingly I have an iPhone 3 (A1303) that has been upgraded to iOS 6.0 and Xcode won't generate code for that either.
So, for those that do need to downgrade, you use the link that @leo posted to get hold of the dmg for the version of Xcode you want (4.4.1 probably) and mount it. You then find the existing Xcode (in your application folder) and drag it to the waste bin, then drag the downgraded Xcode to the application folder. You may need to re-install the command line tools, if you use them. Make sure you get the version for your Mac's OS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Specializing in ladder levelers, LeveLok Corporation offers a full-range of products designed to help make ladder use safer. From levelers to tie-downs and stabilizers, contractors and homeowners are sure to find the perfect product to use for increasing ladder safety with LeveLok without having to sacrifice quality.
How Did Levelok Ladder Leveler Start?
Headquartered in Poulsbo, Washington and specializing in ladder levelers, LeveLok Corporation was incorporated in 1995 with the goal of developing, manufacturing and distributing reliable safety products to contracting, utility and telecommunications. Distributed worldwide, the company's ladder levelers boast a patented design that offers both simplicity and safety to homeowners and contractors.
The company's flagship product, the LL-STB-1 ladder leveler, was originally invented by a building contractor who was frustrated by the poor quality of the levelers that were currently on the market. Although the company did not gain exclusive rights to the product's patent until 1997, it began manufacturing and distributing the leveler in 1996.
In addition to ladder levelers, the company offers a full line of safety products designed to help homeowners stay safe while working on a ladder. Among these are pads and braces to improve comfort as well as brackets and straps to keep the ladder safely in place without damaging property. Each of the company's products is manufactured using cutting-edge, state-of-the-art machinery and manufacturing processes ranging from milling and stamping to laser-cutting technology utilized for critical components. Capable of producing thousands of units per day, the company still manages to adhere to rigorous quality assurance standards that ensure reliability and quality in every product.
Base Unit Ladder Levelers: Attaches quickly and easily to the ladder rail with 3 mounting bolts, fender washers, and nylon locking nuts.
Quick Connect Ladder Levelers: Available in both single and double base models.
Permanent Mount Ladder Levelers: Includes all necessary hardware to permanently install on the ladder.
Standout Brackets: Weighing just 1.5 pounds and made from sturdy aluminum, standout brackets can be attached to most extension or sectional ladders to help protect gutters, windows, and other items while propping the ladder against a building.
Shoulder Rests and Shoulder Pads: Allows for easier and more comfortable transport of ladders while carrying them over the shoulder.
Ladder Dollies: Creates a wheel system that allows the ladder to be easily pulled from behind instead of carried.
Ladder Guards: Measuring 12 inches across and made from heavy UV-treated vinyl, guards prevent others from accessing ladders that are not currently in use.
Ladder Safety Straps: Safety harnesses used to strap the ladder to another object, such as around a pole or a tree.
Tie-Down Straps: Used to safely tie down the ladder while being transported or while in use. Available in a wide variety of colors, including black, green, gray, red, orange and blue.
Non-Conductive Umbrella: Measures 84 inches and provides protection from the sun, rain, and other elements while working on the job site.
Extension Pole Clamps for Umbrellas: Anchors the umbrella in place for use on the job site.


Oddly enough, these holiday favorites are also potential health hazards. It may be the little sausage appetizers that Uncle George ate one too many of. Or the cookie-shaped ornament that little Bonnie mistook for real food. Or the toy you thought Bobby couldn't possibly take apart, but did, and also swallowed.
Unfortunately, the examples above are fairly common. At about 4,800 fatalities, annually, choking is the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in the U.S., according to the National Safety Council. And the holidays present more choking hazards than at any other time of the year.
If the toy is small enough to fit in an infant or toddler's mouth, then it's too small to let the child have access to it.
High risk toys are dollhouse furnishings, miniature figurines, deflated balloons, and toys that can be broken down into smaller parts or easily destroyed.
A good "rule of thumb" is that if it's small enough to fit inside a paper towel roll, small children should not be permitted to play with it.
Also, check out the 2016 most dangerous toys list from World Against Toys Causing Harm.
Small objects like light bulbs, tinsel, icicles, ornaments, ornament hangers, and other decorations should be kept away from small children.
Needles from holiday trees are highly dangerous because they can cause painful cuts in the throat.
In adults, the most common cause of choking is talking while eating. It may be easy to become distracted during holiday celebrations and lively conversations, but remember to swallow before speaking.
Never leave your small child or senior person alone with the above potentially risky foods. The old axiom: 'An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure' is still true today, especially when it comes to safety.
"In addition to taking these precautions, it's also important to know what to do when someone is choking – how to perform the Heimlich Maneuver, as well as when to call 911, or in non-emergencies, seek urgent care," advises Dr. Marco Coppola, Chief Medical Officer.
Perform a total of 5 abdominal thrusts, if needed. If the blockage still isn't dislodged, repeat the cycle.
By adjusting the technique, the Heimlich Maneuver can be used on adults, infants, and even yourself. Refresh your familiarity with the procedures and its variations.
Choking is a life-threatening situation, you'll want to call 911 for emergency service. You can always call back to cancel the ambulance if the choking obstruction is quickly cleared and the person is breathing and speaking normally.
If there is someone else with you and the choking person, you can have the other person call 911 while you use the Heimlich Maneuver.
If the choking person loses consciousness, call 911 immediately.
If an obstruction was dislodged from a small child, you should still bring her to an urgent care clinic or emergency room to be examined. The object could have moved to a lung or the stomach or have caused internal injury.
Take the above precautions this holiday season to keep yourself and your loved ones safe from choking hazards. The most joyful holidays are those where you and your family are healthy and safe.


text:
Tunne Quotes
Reading and share top 485 famous quotes and sayings about Tunne by famous authors and people.
Top Famous Quotes / Tunne Quotes
Top Tunne Quotes
Browse top 485 famous quotes and sayings about Tunne by most favorite authors.
Favorite Tunne Quotes
1. "When I was a small boy, old people used to squat down to my eye level and ask me what I wanted to be when I grew up, to which my answer was invariably, "a pirate." Their stunned silence was always very reassuring."
Author: Adam Young
2. "Sexist grammar burns into the brains of little girls and young women a message that the male is the norm, the standard, the central figure beside which we are all deviants, the marginal, the dependent variables. It lays the foundation for androcentric thinking, and leaves men safe in their solipsistic tunnel-vision."
Author: Adrienne Rich
3. "I miss walking out of the tunnel, the 90 minutes and the adrenalin rush that I'll never, ever replace."
Author: Alan Shearer
4. "I'd heard a lot of Asian people were rooting for me, but I had no idea. I was stunned. They were... impassioned, especially compared to Japan. I couldn't even have anticipated that kind of welcome."
Author: Ayumi Hamasaki
5. "I wondered what it was like to feel whole, to not feel torn up or stunned out or wigged out or any of those things. I wondered what it was like to walk around the world looking up at the sky instead of searching the ground, eye to eye with things that crawled."
Author: Benjamin Alire Sáenz
6. "Now, what would you like for dinner? Steak? Chicken? I, for one…I am thinking…Chinese."Stunned, Jenera stopped and looked between Nylora and Aleta, "Uh…I don't think you mean sweet and sour pork, right?"The older handmaiden laughed heartily, "You catch on quick, my lady." She winked, "Nothing says delicious like a short Chinese man in a darkened alley to whet my appetite."
Author: Beth Mikell
7. "Grace abounds in contemporary movies, books, novels, films and music. If God is not in the whirlwind, He may be in a Woody Allen film, or a Bruce Springsteen concert. Most people understand imagery and symbol better than doctrine and dogma. Images touch hearts and awaken imaginations. One theologian suggested that Springsteen's 'Tunnel of Love' album, in which he symbolically sings of sin, death, despair and redemption, is more important for Catholics than the Pope's last visit when he spoke of morality only in doctrinal propositions."
Author: Brennan Manning
8. "In the dark, dank world of the Tunnels, I would call upon this memory. And there would be a flicker of candlelight. If only for a moment. I closed my eyes, as if my eyelids were the levers of a printing press, etching the fibers into my mind. Memories were outside Cole's reach. As long as I held them, memories were mine and mine alone."
Author: Brodi Ashton
9. "I am brave," Will said..."Yes, you are," Magnus said, and kissed him. It wasn't the most dramatic kiss, but Will failed his free arm as if a bee had landed on him; Magnus had to hope Camille would assume this was passion. When they broke apart, Will looked stunned. So did Camille, for that matter....Will swung sideways...He dashed across the room, retrieved it, and tucked it into Magnus's waistcoat pocket. Then, with a wink at Camille that, Magnus thought, God alone knew how she would interpret, he sauntered out of the room."
Author: Cassandra Clare
10. "Music is crucial. Beyond no way can I overstress this fact. Let's say you're southbound on the interstate, cruising alone in the middle lane, listening to AM radio. Up alongside comes a tractor trailer of logs or concrete pipe, a tie-down strap breaks, and the load dumps on top of your little sheetmetal ride. Crushed under a world of concrete, you're sandwiched like so much meat salad between layers of steel and glass. In that last, fast flutter of your eyelids, you looking down that long tunnel toward the bright God Light and your dead grandma walking up to hug you--do you want to be hearing another radio commercial for a mega, clearance, closeout, blow-out liquidation car-stereo sale?"
Author: Chuck Palahniuk
11. "The tunnels of our lives connect, coming to daylight at the oddest moments, and then plunge us into the dark again. We return to the lives of those who have gone before us, a perplexing möbius strip until we come home, eventually, to ourselves."
Author: Colum McCann
12. "His men had begun gathering the wounded or stunned into a small group some distance back up the slope. Here and there an animal or human stirred, but not many. There were few cries of pain or fear now. Mostly, it was eerily quiet. Even the insects had ceased their music."
Author: Derek Donais
13. "A warp," Nita whispered. "A tunnel through space-time. Are you a white hole?"It stopped bobbing, stared at her as if she had said something derogatory. (Do I look like a hole?)"
Author: Diane Duane
14. "I was so stunned by this strange realization that my mind stopped. I was fully conscious, but there were no more thoughts. Then I felt drawn into what seemed like a vortex of energy. It was a slow movement at first and then accelerated. I was gripped by an intense fear, and my body started to shake. I heard the words "resist nothing," as if spoken inside my chest. I could feel myself being sucked into a void. It felt as if the void was inside myself rather than outside. Suddenly, there was no more fear, and I let myself fall into that void. I have no recollection of what happened after that."
Author: Eckhart Tolle
15. "Each night he must be carried through artificial tunnels and dream recurrent dreams.Just as the ties recur beneath his train, these underlie his rushing brain. He does not dare look out the window, for the third rail, the unbroken draught of poison, runs there beside him. He regards it as a disease he has inherited the susceptibility to. He has to keep his hands in his pockets, as others must wear mufflers."
Author: Elizabeth Bishop
16. "The park was the heart of the city. He had come to the city – and with a knowing in his blood – he had established himself at the heart of it. Everyday he looked at the heart of it; every day; he was so stunned and awed and overwhelmed that just to think about it made him sweat. There was something, in the center of the park, that he had discovered. It was a mystery although it was in a glass case for everybody to see and there was a typewritten card over it telling all about it. But there was something the card couldn't say and what it couldn't say was inside him. He could not show the mystery to just anybody; but he had to show it to somebody. Who he had to show it to was a special person. This person could not be from the city but he didn't know why. He knew he would know him when he saw him and that he would have to see him soon or the nerve inside him would grow so big that he would be forced to steal a car or rob a bank or jump out of a dark alley onto a woman."
Author: Flannery O'Connor
17. "She had told Erstwhile too much in the past, and thus he knew that occasionally she did go crazy. Sometimes it was when she felt particularly trapped or hopeless, or when the tunnels were unusually dark or stuffy, or when she got stuck in a crawl-through. Sometimes it happened for no obvious reason at all. She would feel a terrible panic tightening her chest and giving her heart a queasy lollop, she would be fighting for breath . . . and then she would be recovering somewhere, shuddering and sick, devastation around her and her fingernails broken from clawing at the rock walls and ceilings."
Author: Frances Hardinge
18. "Till suddenly his hand met what felt like a tiny ring of cold metal lying on the floor of the tunnel. It was a turning-point in his career, but he did not know it. He put the ring in his pocket almost without thinking; certainly, it did not seem of any use at the moment."
Author: J.R.R. Tolkien
19. "I was stunned. I was, and I knew it, an ordinary person who long after he was grown retained the childhood assumption that the people who largely control our lives are somehow better informed than, and have judgment superior to, the rest of us; that they are more intelligent. Not until Vietnam did I finally realize that some of the most important decisions of all time can be made by men knowing really no more than, and who are not more intelligent than, most of the rest of us. That it was even possible that my own opinions and judgment could be as good as and maybe better than a politician's who made a decision of profound consequence."
Author: Jack Finney
20. "Holy [Insert your choice of a swear word here]," said Fang stunned."
Author: James Patterson
21. "And once again I found myself wondering, as I drifted off to stunned and unbelieving sleep:How do these terrible things always happen to me?"
Author: Jeff Lindsay
22. "I was Juliet and Quinn was Romeo, and the lines weren't dead black-and-white words on a page but somehow alive, as natural and real as the argument we'd had about the spider and the fly. The rows of empty seats were gone, and we were in a candlelit ballrooom, wrapped in our own cocoon of words. But the playful banter of our words couldn't mask what we both knew--that after this, nothing would be the same .And then we got to the kissing part, which we'd only read through together and had never really rehearsed. But it didn't matter, because I was still Juliet and Quinn was still Romeo, his gray-green eyes fixed on mine. And when he bent to kiss me, it was Romeo's lips on Juliet's. Even so, Juliet was just as stunned as I would've been. When I said the last line, I was speaking for both of us. You kiss by the book."
Author: Jennifer Sturman
23. "The light at the end of the tunnel is another train heading straight for you."
Author: Joey Green
24. "But to enjoy him we must know him. Seeing is savoring. If he remains a blurry, vague fog, we may be intrigued for a season. But we will not be stunned with joy, as when the fog clears and you find yourself on the brink of some vast precipice."
Author: John Piper
25. "There is no light at the end of the tunnel, only a pack of matches handed down from one generation to the next. Humanity does not have a long fuse and this generation holds the last match."
Author: JonArno Lawson
26. "In the other train, looking at me through the window, is the most beautiful boy I've ever seen. He has golden hair and bright blue eyes. His skin seems to glow softly, like he carries the sun inside him. One of his paint-stained hands is clutching his chest, like he just got punched, and the other is pressed flat against the glass of the window. I raise my hand and press it against my window, mirroring him. He looks so confused. Stunned. Like he's just seen a ghost."
Author: Josephine Angelini
27. "Ah, this is Princess that turned Prince traitor," he hissed, eyeing me up and down. "And now they need goblin tunnels out of city, good, good."-Sweetfinger"
Author: Julie Kagawa
28. "For a minute I was convinced she must have handed me the wrong schedule, so I checked the top of the paper. No, that's me. I wasn't sure what the right reaction was in that situation. You know the one, where the universe decides to put its steel-toed boot up your ass yet again. Crying was out of the question and a screaming hissy-fit laced with maniacal laughter and profanity was, most definitely, off the table, which left me with my only other option?—?stunned silence."
Author: Katja Millay
29. "Because I am terrified by what I want: for him, and worst of all, from him. Because I do want. I'm not even sure what, exactly, but the want is there, just like the hate and anger were there before. But this is not a tower. It is an endless, tunneling pit; it drives deep, and opens a hole inside me."
Author: Lauren Oliver
30. "As the boys screamed and hauled off handfuls of mulch, Olivier had slowly, deliberately, gently taken Gabri's hand and held it before gracefully lifting it to his lips. The boys had watched, momentarily stunned, as Olivier had kissed Gabri's manure-stained hand with his manure-stained lips. The boys had seemed petrified by this act of love and defiance. But just for a moment. Their hatred triumphed and soon their attack had re-doubled."
Author: Louise Penny
31. "If you have read many adventure novels, you'll know that spies spend about half of their time in the sewers. They run along sewer tunnels, shooting. They find secret hideaways in sewers. They take weird funeral barges through sewers, poled along by old men in hoods. In fact, if a spy's kid wants to get a message to their mom or dad, the easiest way to do it is just to flush it down the toilet."
Author: M.T. Anderson
32. "She met the magus's stunned look with a smile. "The Thieves of Eddis have always been uncomfortable allies to the throne, Magus. There is the niggling fear that if you fall out with a Thief, he might see it as his right and responsibility to remove you. There are some checks, of course. There is only ever one Thief. They are prohibited from owning any property. Their training inevitably generates the isolation that makes them independent, but also keeps them from forming alliances that might become threats to the throne. It is not the folly you might think."
Author: Megan Whalen Turner
33. "...You find a way, somehow to get through the most horrible things, things you think would kill you. You find a way and you move through the days, one by one, in shock, in despair, but you move. The days pass, one after the other, and you go along with them - occasionally stunned, and not entirely relieved, to find that you are still alive."
Author: Michelle Richmond
34. "Now it was coming to an end, and it was like he was watching the last flicker of light wink out in the darkness of an endless tunnel."
35. "Whoa," a stunned voice said, whistling a row below me. "You're the girl Jude Ryder's going to marry and make baby superheroes with?"
Author: Nicole Williams
36. "I have a picture of myself in my mind as I walk around every day, until I look in the mirror-and then I'm stunned."
Author: Patty Duke
37. "The dodo itself stands as the best emblem of this general truth - that insular evolution often involves transforming an adventurous, high-flying ancestor species into a grounded descendant, no longer capable of going anywhere but extinct. It's our reminder that insular evolution, for all its wondrousness, tends to be a one-way tunnel toward doom."
Author: Quammen, David
38. "She often had to remind herself that she couldn't do everything alone. She wasn't always the best person for the job. Sometimes she got tunnel vision and forgot about what other people needed."
Author: Rick Riordan
39. "In the fifties I had dreams about touching a naked woman and she would turn to bronze or the dream about hot dogs chasing donuts through the Lincoln Tunnel."
Author: Robert Klein
40. "I am walking down to the oak tree. AndI see that the tunnel is slightly wet, butI jump inand walkslowlythrough the lava tube.It is fairly dark, but I see in the far distance,like a pinhead,a light.Sort of yellowish, actually."
Author: Sandra Harner
41. "She snorted. "Are you seriously asking me to have a fling with you?" "Absolutely not," he said, feigning shock. "I said dinner. It was your lascivious mind that went to the bedroom."....When he met her eyes, he was stunned to see they were huge They darted once to his lips. She thought he was going to kiss her. And she wasn't running away."
Author: Sarah Addison Allen
42. "As you enter the tunnel, the wind gets sucked away, and you squint from the lights overhead. When you adjust the lights, you can see the other side in the distance just as the sound of the radio fades to nothing because the waves just can't reach. Then, you're in the middle of the tunnel, and everything becomes a calm dream. As you see the opening get closer, you just can't get there fast enough. And finally, just when you think you'll never get there, you see the opening right in front of you. And the radio comes back even louder than you remember it. And the wind is waiting. And you fly out of the tunnel onto the bridge. And there it is. The city. A million lights and buildings and everything seems as exciting as the first time you saw it."
Author: Stephen Chbosky
43. "Clearly it is God's will to place me in such a predicament," declared Philias loudly to a procession of stunned passers-by, "So God can jolly well point me towards salvation."
Author: Stephen J. Day
44. "Zoroastrianism? Oh, there's never been but a few hundred thousand of them at any one time, mostly located in Iran and India, but that's it. The one true faith. If you're not a Zoroastrian, I'm afraid you are bound for Hell."The man looked stunned and shocked. "It's not fair." The demon gave a mirthful laugh. "Well, it was fair when you were sending all the Chinese to Hell who had never heard of Jesus. Wasn't it?"
Author: Steven L. Peck
45. "No matter how hopeless you feel, strive to find the one thing that makes you feel alive and pull yourself to the light at the end of the tunnel. There is hope. Trust me."
Author: Tammy Louise Wilkins
46. "If we are taken over by craving, no matter who or what is before us, all we can see is how it might satisfy our needs. This kind of thirst contracts our body and mind into a profound trance. We move through the world with a kind of tunnel vision that prevents us from enjoying what is in front of us. The color of an autumn leaves or a passage of poetry merely amplifies the feeling that there is a gaping hole in our life. The smile of a child only reminds us that we are painfully childless. We turn away from simple pleasures because our craving compels us to seek more intense stimulation or numbing relief."
Author: Tara Brach
47. "Sometimes Carrot sounded like a civics essay written by a stunned choirboy."
Author: Terry Pratchett
48. "What I thought was an endturned out to be a middle.What I thought was a brick wallturned out to be a tunnel.What I thought was an injusticeturned out to be a color of the sky."
Author: Tony Hoagland
49. "Wind and storm colored July. Also, in the middle, cadaverous, awful, lay the grey puddle in the courtyard, when holding an envelope in my hand, I carried a message. I came to the puddle. I could not cross it. Identity failed me. We are nothing, I said, and fell. I was blown like a feather. I was wafted down tunnels. Then very gingerly, I pushed my foot across. I laid my hand against a brick wall. I returned very painfully, drawing myself back into my body over the grey, cadaverous space of the puddle. This is life then to which I am committed."
Author: Virginia Woolf
50. "If you do not have an absolutely clear vision of something, where you can follow the light to the end of the tunnel, then it doesn't matter whether you're bold or cowardly, or whether you're stupid or intelligent. Doesn't get you anywhere."
Author: Werner Herzog
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Spinal cord injury can cause complete loss of motor control and loss of feeling in both the legs and the arms. Such an injury is permanent and has no cure. About 5,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United States. The extent of the impairment depends on where on the spinal cord the injury occurs and its severity. The health effects can far exceed the lack of mobility. In the worst cases, a person may need complete care and have no voluntary bodily function from the neck down. Inactivity can lead to respiratory infections and heart disease, among other complications. These researchers are developing a medical treatment for spinal cord injury that allows a patient to make stepping motions for 45 to 60 minutes at a time. Such activity a few times each week could help reverse some of the physical deterioration that accompanies inactivity. The treatment works by temporarily activating the spinal locomotor network but does not heal the spinal cord lesion itself.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an irreversible condition for which no curative treatment is currently available. The consequences are complex and not limited to paralysis per se. Indeed, with time, the state of paralysis and chronic immobility lead to severe health problems such as cardiovascular problems, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, immune system deficiency and life-threatening infections. Consequently, in 2002, we launched a research program supported by several not-for-profit foundations and agencies (e.g., Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation) aimed at further understanding spinal locomotor network-activating mechanisms and, hence, at developing a palliative treatment against paralysis-/immobility-related health problems. In 2004–2005, after three years of drug screening, we discovered a drug combination (Spinalon) essentially composed of small molecules belonging to the families of monoamine receptor agonists, noradrenaline/dopamine precursors and decarboxylase inhibitors. Upon systemic delivery (s.c., i.p., or p.o.), Spinalon was found to potently activate the spinal locomotor network (often referred to as central pattern generator or CPG) localized mainly in the lumbar segments and, thus, sustained involuntary stepping movements during 45–60 min in the lower limbs of chronic and complete paraplegic mice (completely low-thoracic-transected). These exciting proof-of-concept data also included comparable observations in turtles, suggesting a phylogenetically well-conserved mechanism of action throughout vertebrates. Optimization, clinical utility and first-in-man (a case report) experiments were also conducted.
According to independent experts in the field of drug development, Spinalon is now ready to undertake final pre-clinical testing. Consequently, the present proposal seeks full support to perform pre-clinical tests in animals, including (1) safety pharmacology in dogs and rats, (2) pharmacokinetics in rats, (3) single-dose and 14-toxicity in rats, and (4) development of analytical/bioanalytical assays. We also seek support for Investigational New Drug (IND) planning and preparation as well as to explore stability of one or two final formulations (i.e., oral and/or sublingual). Upon completion of the proposed work by NIH, NeuroSpina, a biotech company based in Quebec City, has been designated to proceed and to undertake, in collaboration with partners and CROs, the first clinical trials with Spinalon (PI/IIa). In summary, this innovative therapeutic approach may allow SCI patients (i.e., specifically, motor-complete ASIA A or B patients who may benefit the most) to become physically active (treadmill training) a few times weekly. Evidence from animals and humans suggests that such an approach may lead to a safe first-in-class palliative treatment designed to prevent and even reverse health degradation and life-threatening problems associated with chronic immobility due to SCI.
A drug combination called Spinalon was found to temporarily induce, with no other forms of assistance, locomotor movements in motor-complete spinal cord–injured animals. This innovative therapeutic may thus become a first-in-class treatment as well as a simple and affordable approach against the many severe health problems typically associated with paralysis and chronic immobility.
Work on this project is complete. The investigator successfully filed a Clinical Trial Application with Health Canada using BrIDGs data and initiated clinical testing.


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NYT/CBS Poll: Fallin up 9%, Lankford and Inhofe lead by 20%+
Tuesday, July 29, 2014 – by Jamison Faught 0
A new CBS/New York Times/YouGov poll finds Oklahoma's top Republican candidates all leading their Democratic opponents by substantial margins, particularly in the Senate races. U.S. Senator Jim Inhofe (R) holds a 24-point lead over Matt Silverstein (D), while James Lankford (R) leads Democratic runoff candidates Connie Johnson (D) and Jim Rogers (D) by 23% and 27%, respectively.
(click image to view larger)
In the gubernatorial race, Governor Mary Fallin (R) is leading Joe Dorman (D) 49%-40% (leaners included). The crosstabs for this race are particularly interesting -- I hope to go into them in more detail in another post soon.
View the full article and crosstabs for this national poll here.
Posted in: 2014, Constance Johnson, Election, James Lankford, Jim Inhofe, Jim Rogers, Joe Dorman, Mary Fallin, Matt Silverstein, Poll, U.S. Senate | Read More »
Dutcher: Hofmeister, OK GOP voters support educational choice
Monday, July 28, 2014 – by Jamison Faught 0
OCPA Senior Vice-President and blogger Brandon Dutcher wrote a recent column in the Edmond Sun addressing a recent statewide survey that finds Oklahoma Republican voters strongly support educational choice. From Dutcher's blog:
Interestingly, the Tarrance survey found that those voters backing Joy Hofmeister for state school superintendent favor educational choice by a wide margin (69 percent favor, while only 25 percent oppose).
Hofmeister supporters favor the Lindsey Nicole Henry Scholarships (72 percent to 20 percent), the Equal Opportunity tax-credit scholarships (68 percent to 21 percent), and Education Savings Accounts (57 percent to 33 percent). At a July 17 meeting of the Muskogee County Republicans and Conservatives Club, Hofmeister told Jamison Faught, editor of MuskogeePolitico.com, that she supports all three of those educational-choice mechanisms.
Read the rest of his column here.
Posted in: Brandon Dutcher, Charter Schools, Education, OCPA, School Choice | Read More »
Dr. Coburn to hold final town hall meetings as Senator
Sunday, July 27, 2014 – by Jamison Faught 0
Dr. Coburn to Hold Final U.S. Senate Town Hall Meetings in Oklahoma
(July 24th, 2014, Washington, D.C.) – U.S. Senator Tom Coburn, M.D. (R-OK) announced today he will hold a final series of town hall meetings in the state before resigning from the U.S. Senate at the end of the current Congress.
"One of the highlights of serving as a U.S. Senator for Oklahoma is the ability to travel the state to talk to fellow Oklahomans and hear what they think about the issues we face as a nation," Coburn said. "It is always encouraging and inspiring to me to talk with friends and neighbors across the state. Our people make this such a special place to live. So many good ideas and initiatives that my office has worked on over the years have resulted from conversations at these town hall meetings."
The town hall meetings will take place the first two full weeks in August.
Coburn concluded, "As I prepare to hold my final series of town hall meetings, I am reminded how grateful I am to the people of Oklahoma who entrusted me to serve them in Washington. I am proud and honored to be from Oklahoma, and my hope is this series of meetings will be an opportunity to reflect on what we have accomplished together over the last decade and a chance look to the future to continue working to make sure America remains the greatest nation in the world."
Oklahoma City Town Hall Meeting
Monday, August 4, 2014, 6:00 p.m.
Oklahoma City Community College
Visual and Performing Arts Center Theater
7777 S. May Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73159
Altus Town Hall Meeting
Tuesday, August 5, 2014, 10:00 a.m.
Western Oklahoma State College
Herschal H. Crow Fine Arts Auditorium
2801 N. Main Street, Altus, OK 73521
Lawton Town Hall Meeting
Tuesday, August 5, 2014, 1:00 p.m.
Cameron University
CETES Conference Center, Building 20
2800 W. Gore Blvd., Lawton, OK 73505
Enid Town Hall Meeting
Monday, August 11, 2014, 3:00 p.m.
Enid Convention Hall
301 S. Independence, Enid, OK 73701
Tulsa Town Hall Meeting
Wednesday, August 13, 2014, 6:00 p.m.
Tulsa Community College - Southeast Campus
VanTrease PACE
10300 E. 81st Street, Tulsa, OK 74133
Posted in: Tom Coburn, Town Hall, U.S. Senate | Read More »
Poll shocker: Fallin 45%, Dorman 40%
Friday, July 18, 2014 – by Jamison Faught 0
In a stunner of a poll, nationally respected pollster Scott Rasmussen finds Oklahoma's incumbent Republican Governor Mary Fallin leading Democratic nominee Joe Dorman by just 5%.
Oklahoma Governor: Fallin (R) 45%, Dorman (D) 40%
Republican Mary Fallin is in a surprisingly close contest for reelection in Rasmussen Reports' first look at the 2014 gubernatorial race in Oklahoma.
A new statewide telephone survey of Likely Oklahoma Voters finds Fallin with 45% support to Democratic state Representative Joe Dorman's 40%. Seven percent (7%) favor some other candidate, while eight percent (8%) are undecided. (To see survey question wording, click here.)
Oklahoma is rated Leans Republican in the Rasmussen Reports 2014 Gubernatorial Scorecard.
Fallin, who previously served as lieutenant governor and a member of Congress, was elected governor in 2010 with 60% of the vote. She has long been expected to easily win reelection, but a poll released earlier this week by the Tulsa World shows Fallin's favorables at a new low, even among her fellow Republicans.
The incumbent now has the support of 64% of Oklahoma Republicans, while 70% of the state's Democrats favor Dorman. Fallin leads by seven points among voters not affiliated with either major party.
Forty-nine percent (49%) of all voters in the state now approve of the job Fallin is doing as governor, while 48% disapprove. This includes 20% who Strongly Approve and 28% who Strongly Disapprove.
Fallin is now viewed Very Favorably by 25% of Oklahoma voters and Very Unfavorably by 29%. For Dorman, Very Favorables are 11% and Very Unfavorables nine percent (9%). His biggest challenge at this point is name recognition: 35% of Oklahoma voters say they have never heard of him.
That's one reason why at this point in an election cycle, Rasmussen Reports considers the number of people with a strong opinion more significant than the total favorable/unfavorable numbers.
The survey of 750 Likely Voters in Oklahoma was conducted on July 15-16, 2014 by Rasmussen Reports. The margin of sampling error is +/- 4 percentage points with a 95% level of confidence. Field work for all Rasmussen Reports surveys is conducted by Pulse Opinion Research, LLC.
Posted in: 2014, Election, Governor, Joe Dorman, Mary Fallin, Poll, Rasmussen | Read More »
Map: Democrat State Superintendent Primary Results
Wednesday, July 16, 2014 – by Jamison Faught 1
(click picture to view larger)
While I was working on the Democrat's Senate primary map, I decided to also do their State Superintendent primary. Since, the GOP side was unexpectedly lopsided (Joy Hofmeister won every county, and incumbent superintendent Janet Barresi came in third out of three candidates), I was curious to see the other side.
John Cox came out on top with 68,889 votes, Freda Deskin was a close second with 64,135, while Jack Herron had 22,335 and Ivan Holmes got 12,504. Cox and Deskin are now in a runoff, the winner of which will face Hofmeister in the general election.
Cox received over 70% of the vote in some far eastern counties, while Deskin ran in the upper 40s and low 50s in the OKC and Tulsa metros.
Posted in: 2014, Election, Election Results Map, Freda Deskin, John Cox, Joy Hofmeister, Map, Runoff Election, State Superintendent | Read More »
Oklahoma Democrat Senate Primary Map
Just for fun, I threw together this map of the Democrat's primary, in which State Sen. Connie Johnson and perennial candidate Jim Rogers advanced to the runoff. The winner of that August 26th contest will be the Democratic nominee facing James Lankford in the general election.
Johnson received 71,462 votes to Rogers' 57,598 and Hayes' 33,943. Johnson's lead (13,864) came almost entirely from Oklahoma County (13,389 lead over Rogers).
The Oklahoma Democratic Party is in pretty sad shape when a sitting state senator can barely edge out a perennial candidate who does little-to-no campaigning.
Speaking of the ODP's "last best hope", the Oklahoman recently had a good article on Jim Rogers, which you can read here.
Posted in: 2014, Constance Johnson, Election, Election Results Map, James Lankford, Jim Rogers, Map, Runoff Election, U.S. Senate | Read More »
Hofmeister speaking in Muskogee on Thursday
From the Muskogee County GOP:
The Muskogee County Republicans & Conservatives Club will be holding their July meeting on Thursday, July 17th in the Muskogee Public Library's southeast meeting room starting at 7:00pm. Guest speaker for this event will be Joy Hofmeister, the Republican nominee for State Superintendent of Education. Come learn more about Joy's vision for education in Oklahoma, and visit with local Republicans and conservatives.
Posted in: Joy Hofmeister, Muskogee County Republican Party | Read More »
Russell gets Tea Party Express endorsement in 5th District runoff, leads Douglas by 10%
Former state senator and retired Army Lt. Col. Steve Russell, frontrunner in the 5th Congressional District Republican runoff, has had some big news in the past two weeks. First, he was endorsed by the Tea Party Express, and today he released a poll showing him with a 10-point lead.
Tea Party Express Endorses Steve Russell for Congress
Sacramento, CA – Tea Party Express, the nation's largest Tea Party political action committee, is proud to endorse Steve Russell for Oklahoma's Fifth Congressional District.
Tea Party Express Executive Director Taylor Budowich said, "Steve Russell is exactly the kind of conservative leader we need to send to Congress. For 21-years Steve courageously defended the Constitution and protected our country as an Army Ranger. As a Lietutenant Colonel, Steve's ability to lead, even in the face of danger and opposition is unquestioned.
"After serving our country in the military, Steve went on to serve Oklahomans in the State Senate. He fought to reduce taxes and protect the Constitution. After four years of service in the legislature, Steve decided to start a small rifle manufacturing business. At every turn Steve has worked to protect his country and improve his community. He is a dedicated public servant and a bold conservative," Budowich concluded.
Read the rest of the press release here, complete with comments from various Oklahoma Tea Party leaders across the state.
Poll shows Steve Russell has commanding lead in 5th District Runoff
Lt. Col. Steve Russell, GOP Candidate for Oklahoma's 5th Congressional District, shows a 10-point lead in a new poll released today. The poll was conducted by the JMC Enterprises on July 8th and sampled 419 voters in the 5th District.
The results are:
Lt. Col. Steve Russell: 41%
Patrice Douglas: 31%
Undecided: 28%
Margin of Error: +/-4.8%
"I am happy to see the voters of the 5th District responding to our positive campaign," Steve Russell says. "This momentum is because the people believe that our country is still worth fighting for. I'm optimistic about our future and I think the voters join me in that feeling."
Steve Russell won the June 24th GOP Primary with 26.6% of the vote in a six-person race. It appears he will maintain that lead into the runoff election on August 26th.
"We've had a great time meeting and speaking with voters almost every day," says Russell. "I appreciate the groundswell of support from each and every one of them. Oklahomans want leaders to represent them in Washington who know how to get things done. I will not let them down."
TheOkie.com has more of the crosstabs information here.
Posted in: 2014, 5th District, Election, Patrice Douglas, Poll, Runoff Election, Steve Russell, Tea Party Express | Read More »
Outside groups blame AH Strategies, Fount Holland for Shannon's loss
Fount Holland: founder of AH Strategies and main consultant
for T.W. Shannon's Senate campaign
From TheOkie:
Consultants cast blame for T.W. Shannon disappointment
By Tarini Parti
For a candidate who was seen as a future star in the Republican Party, T.W. Shannon's campaign was "operating like it was 1998," according to consultants working on the race — ultimately leading to the highly-touted Oklahoma Senate hopeful's blowout loss to Rep. James Lankford in Tuesday's primary.
Shannon's choice of campaign consultants, strategy, ground game and digital efforts — or lack thereof — are all being blamed in part for his stunningly-decisive defeat, according to some Republican consultants close to the campaign who view the former state House speaker's failure to even push the race to a runoff as a wasted opportunity for a candidate that just two months ago was attracting extensive national attention and exciting the conservative base.
Lankford, linked to the establishment through his position in House leadership, defeated Shannon, 57 percent to 34 percent, easily avoiding the expected August 26 runoff in the race for the GOP nomination for retiring Sen. Tom Coburn's seat.
The blame game in Shannon's camp and Team Lankford's victory lap — both grand traditions in politics — began immediately after the outcome was determined. Republicans affiliated with conservative outside groups supporting Shannon and those close to his campaign said the consulting firms the campaign hired — AH Strategies, Majority Designs, and others — were all Oklahoma-based firms whose strategy of spending every dime on TV ads and direct mail works for state races but is insufficient for a U.S. Senate race.
"They all just stuck their heads in the sand and didn't want to listen," said one Republican strategist close to the campaign.
Read the rest of this interesting article here.
Posted in: 2014, AH Strategies, Consultants, Election, Fount Holland, James Lankford, Majority Designs, Negative Campaigning, T.W. Shannon | Read More »
NYT/CBS Poll: Fallin up 9%, Lankford and Inhofe le...
Dutcher: Hofmeister, OK GOP voters support educati...
Dr. Coburn to hold final town hall meetings as Sen...
Russell gets Tea Party Express endorsement in 5th ...
Outside groups blame AH Strategies, Fount Holland ...


text:
James K. Cohen
Research and writings of James K. Cohen
Bio and C.V.
The Political Economy of High Speed Rail in Florida, 1981-present
by James Cohen, Ph.D., presented at Rails et Histoire Conference, London, England
Between 1981 and 2011 public authorities and private corporations made four different attempts to implement very high speed rail lines between Miami, Orlando, and Tampa, Florida, on which trains would run at top speeds over 200 miles per hour. Yet, at present, the only new passenger line that is likely to begin operations between these cities is not very high speed, and will not run on dedicated track. All Aboard Florida (AAF), a subsidiary of the Fortress Investment Group, plans to operate trains running at between 79 and 125 miles per hour, on upgraded freight rights of way between Miami and Orlando, with a possible future extension to Tampa. Why did all the earlier attempts at very high speed lines fail, while a moderate speed line appears likely to succeed? To answer this question, this paper analyzes the political and financial history of Florida's attempts at very high speed rail since 1981.
The Historical Relativism of High Speed on Passenger Railways: 1830-Present
Presented at the Traffic, Transportation, and Mobilities (T2M), Conference at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pa., September 19, 2014
About 3 years ago, I started thinking about high speed trains, which led me to the following question: at what point in history can we say that trains became "high speed"? Is it only in the current era, after Japan introduced its Bullet Train, and France its Train à Grand Vitesse (TGV)? What about the American trains called streamliners, which were the ultimate in modernity and speed in the 1930's, 40's and 50's? Or could one even say that the very first passenger trains, in the 1830's and 40's, which were 100-200 percent faster than horse-drawn stagecoaches, were high speed?
Download paper and/or download Powerpoint slides
Financing high speed rail in the United States and France: The evolution of public-private partnerships
by James K. Cohen and Camille Kamga
Available from sciencedirect.com
Abstract: Using cross-national comparative analysis, this paper discusses the reasons why France has succeeded in partially privatizing its most recently constructed high speed line, while the U.S. has not reached this stage. The authors argue that France, with an interventionist government, diverged from the U.S. during the Great De- pression by nationalizing its private railways and regulating competition with highway-based transport, thereby establishing favorable conditions for the future development of high speed trains. The U.S., because of its strong free market orientation, delayed nationalization until 1971, by which time passenger railways were severely weakened, so the U.S. lagged far behind France. After accruing a large public debt on its high speed rail program in the 1980s and 1990s, the French government recently took steps to privatize construc- tion and operations on its Tours–Bordeaux line. Similarly, in the U.S., the State of California is trying to attract private participation on its planned high speed line between San Francisco and Los Angeles. Based on French high speed rail history, this paper argues that, to succeed, California must commit both a high level of public borrowing as well as public guarantees on private borrowing. Public credit is the sine qua non of financing high speed trains.
High Speed Trains and Their Finances in Historical and Cross National Perspective
by James Cohen, Ph.D.
Download Final Report


Gorgeous McMillin 3-story home featuring 5 bedrooms, 4.5 baths, 3 car garage, in gated community, with amazing treetop views. Home also features a Texas walkout basement which includes bedroom, full bath, full kitchen, living and eating area, and covered patio, perfect for your guest or in-law suite. Gourmet kitchen includes gas cooking, stainless steel appliances, granite counters, and 42" cabinets. Easy access to top rated NEISD schools, highways, restaurants, and shopping. Come take a look today!


Ruth Elwood is a Galway native and a second year student of creative writing at NUIG. Her poetry has been featured in the popular blog Poethead, The Rose online magazine and A New Ulster. Her work has also been featured internationally in NY literary magazine. She was also long listed for the Over the Edge new writer of the year poetry prize 2017.
My world is not idyllic or beautiful.
It only features appointments and disappointments.
to remain living my "good" life.
. Then it is time.
the all important oval one.
I have no heart at all.
. The chunky blue one.
one day will I choke on it.
. But for now I swallow.
. She waits for me to finish and says her own prayer.
since someone stole her rosary beads.
, my stories come on.
Mrs. What-do-you-call-her complains about how much bed hopping there is.
A pair of white spheres appears in my hand.
Like a pair of diamond earrings.
These mean it's almost time for bed.


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All the new Covid rules as work from home guidance kicks in today
Covid-19: Who can get the vaccination, where to get one in Midhurst and Petworth, and ways to get the booster jab
New hope in fight to keep Midhurst Community Hospital open
There is hope that the much- loved Midhurst Community Hospital inpatient ward will not close for good after all following a meeting of doctors and community leaders to discuss its future.
ks16000859-2 Mid Hosp Saved phot kate Beds being made up for the arrival of patients.ks16000859-2 SUS-160816-190051008
The meeting came after a shock announcement from the Sussex Community NHS Trust that the 17 bed ward was to close 'indefinitely' due to staff shortages.
The news came just two years after the trust closed the ward temporarily for the same reasons. But staff were found and the ward reopened.
Now campaigners, including doctors and town councillors in Midhurst, are looking at new ways to keep the hospital ward open.
At the meeting last week the idea of creating a 'one stop shop' for elderly patients in the area, was discussed.
This could include care of the elderly doctors, Macmillan support, specialist nursing support, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and X-ray services.
Reporting to the town council, county councillor Kate O'Kelly said: "I am liaising with Midhurst GPs and Friends of Midhurst Community Hospital.
"We have had a meeting to explore the idea of a frailty hub based in Midhurst and to explore the options with regard to reopening the ward. The Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) are now hoping it will be a temporary closure."
Vice chairman of the council Gordon McAra, who also attended the meeting, said: "It is perhaps not as doom laden as we might have thought but there is still a long way to go. We are looking at alternatives which would give the ward more credibility and long term value.
"The doctors are very keen on the frailty hub. It makes a lot of sense to them to have services such as physiotherapy and X-rays on their doorstep."
He added: "The chairman of the CCG was very keen that we maintain the hospital and move it forward rather than go into a run down scenario."
Amazing story: How anorexia almost ruined a teenager's life
What it means if Covid lateral flow test result shows a faint red line
Petworth Surgery 'horrified' by claims that GPs are 'shutting out' patients
More from Midhurst & Petworth Observer


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NIE 13.1 – Enabling the soldier-warrior network
Testers, soldiers, engineers and combat developers completed the fourth iteration of a series of semi-annual field exercises, called Network Integration Evaluations, at Fort Bliss, Texas, and White Sands Missile Range, N. M., just in time to get everyone home for the holidays.Managed by the Network Integration Evaluation, or NIE, "TRIAD" – Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC); System of Systems Integration Directorate; and the Brigade Modernization Command (BMC) – NIE 13.1 included several program tests for record, additional tests for record from distributed sites and less formal assessments called SUEs or Systems Under Evaluation.NIEs are designed to integrate and mature the Army's tactical network and accelerate the way network technologies are delivered to soldiers through integrated "capability sets" of communications gear."The pace of the NIEs is fast," Col. Joseph Martin, commander, U.S. Army Operational Test Command (OTC), an ATEC subordinate command.Adding, "With one NIE executed every six months and others simultaneously in various stages of planning, the coordination of effort among the multiple Army organizations and industry partners is monumental."He noted, "But with this iteration being the fourth in the series, we were able to apply lessons learned from the three previous NIEs and streamline our integration efforts on this one."The Army applied several lessons learned from NIE 12.2, such as system of systems training for soldiers, streamlined testing, upfront integration of hardware and instrumentation, increased industry participation, and reduced individual system costs, re-engineering costs and infrastructure costs, he explained.With OTC's Integrated Test and Evaluation Directorate, led by Col. Dave Wellons, who was the lead on NIE 13.1 for ATEC, nearly 5,000 soldiers, Department of the Army civilians and contractors converged in the desert along the borders of west Texas and eastern New Mexico for the event.They were joined by soldiers from the 1st Armored Division's 2nd Brigade as the test player unit that executed training scenarios to help determine whether systems and equipment were effective, suitable and survivable, Martin said.Some of the equipment, systems and technology operational testers looked at included Nett Warrior (the ground soldier communication system), M109 Paladin Integrated Management, or PIM, artillery system, the Spider networked munitions system, the Joint Battle Command-Platform communication system, and the RAM Warn (counter rocket, artillery, mortar system), Wellons said.Col. Quinton Arnold, director, OTC's Maneuver Test Directorate, led the efforts that managed systems under test."It's all about the data and operational realism," Arnold said. "Our test teams, working with BMC and the player unit, did a lot of excellent work to ensure these two elements were maintained, resulting in a successful operational test."The final report will help Army leaders to make acquisition decisions, according to Robin Boggs, ATEC public affairs officer.NIE 13.1 was Martin's first experience with the semi-annual series since taking command of OTC in July, and it was truly a team effort, he said."Everyone involved in this effort makes each NIE successful because they are willing to put aside their organizational allegiances for the sake of a better-integrated solution for the soldier," Martin said.Adding, "Everyone realizes the importance of remaining flexible as the NIE process continues to evolve."According to Martin, although ATEC was the senior TRIAD partner, ATEC's commanding general, Maj. Gen. Genaro Dellarocco, gave OTC the primary role of executing the NIE mission."I don't think we could find a more professional group of people than those from the System of Systems Integration Directorate, Brigade Modernization Command and of course the Army Test and Evaluation Command to execute this mission," Wellons said.(Editor's note: The article is based on a story by Eloise Lundgren.)
Austin nominated for commander of U.S. Central Command
Sullivan: Recommended cuts are 'misguided and dangerous'
Swan named Association of the U.S. Army vice president for education
Ham advocates strengthening ties with Africa partners
Brown shifts I Corps focus from Afghanistan to the Pacific Rim
Rebalancing to the Asia-Pacific region
Financial readiness and money management – Key to family success
AUSA, Army leaders cited as top national defense influencers
NIE assessments drive technology growth and cost savings
'Hiring Our Heroes' – Finding jobs for veterans and spouses
AUSA fights for legislation that supports Association members
AUSA salutes Congress for rejecting higher TRICARE fees for military
Future command post shares live battlefield data in real time
National Guard began its service to the nation December 13, 1636
Opposition forces engage soldiers in combat training exercise
Realistic, life-like combat scenarios test network equipment
Soldiers, NFL players team up to tackle brain injuries
Soldiers test motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles at NIE 13.1
Warrior Leader Course lengthened


Tabi Canada Twilight Madness Sale on Dec.11th — 30% off the Entire Store!
Posted on December 10th, 2009 by roxxyroller in Hot Deals Canada Canadian Bargains Sales Discounts.
Hurry over to your nearest Tabi at 5pm on December 11th and save 30% off of the entire store including already reduced items!
The Tabi Twilight Madness sale is for one day only — December 11th, 2009 from 5pm until close. Plus! Be the first to shop and receive a Free $25 Gift card for every $200 that you spend!


text:
In electronics, signal processing, and video, ringing is oscillation of a signal, particularly in the step response (the response to a sudden change in input). Often ringing is undesirable, but not always, as in the case of resonant inductive coupling. It is also known as hunting. It is closely related to overshoot, often instigated as damping response following overshoot or undershoot, and thus the terms are at times conflated.

It is also known as ripple, particularly in electricity or in frequency domain response.

Electricity
In electrical circuits, ringing is an unwanted oscillation of a voltage or current. It happens when an electrical pulse causes the parasitic capacitances and inductances in the circuit (i.e. those that are not part of the design, but just by-products of the materials used to construct the circuit) to resonate at their characteristic frequency.  Ringing artifacts are also present in square waves; see Gibbs phenomenon.

Ringing is undesirable because it causes extra current to flow, thereby wasting energy and causing extra heating of the components; it can cause unwanted electromagnetic radiation to be emitted; it can delay arrival at a desired final state (increase settling time);  and it may cause unwanted triggering of bistable elements in digital circuits.  Ringy communications circuits may suffer falsing.

Ringing can be due to signal reflection, in which case it may be minimized by impedance matching.

Video
In video circuits, electrical ringing causes closely spaced repeated ghosts of a vertical or diagonal edge where dark changes to light or vice versa, going from left to right. In a CRT the electron beam upon changing from dark to light or vice versa instead of changing quickly to the desired intensity and staying there, overshoots and undershoots a few times. This bouncing could occur anywhere in the electronics or cabling and is often caused by or accentuated by a too high setting of the sharpness control.

Audio
Ringing can affect audio equipment in a number of ways. Audio amplifiers can produce ringing depending on their design, although the transients that can produce such ringing rarely occur in audio signals.

Transducers (i.e., microphones and loudspeakers) can also ring.  Mechanical ringing is more of a problem with loudspeakers as the moving masses are larger and less easily damped, but unless extreme they are difficult to audibly identify.

In digital audio, ringing can occur as a result of filters such as brickwall filters. Here, the ringing occurs before the transient as well as after.

Signal processing

In signal processing, "ringing" may refer to ringing artifacts: spurious signals near sharp transitions. These have a number of causes, and occur for instance in JPEG compression and as pre-echo in some audio compression.

See also
 Microphonics
 Ripple (electrical)
 Impedance matching

References

External links
Microphony with older video cameras

Transient response characteristics
Filter theory

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia