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EU Medical Device Regulation
Author: Mark Hodgson
Practice Leader, Life Sciences, LanguageWire
This blog was updated on 01-05-2020 to reflect the new date of application for the EU MDR.
In May 2017, the European Union published two new regulations, the Medical Device Regulation (MDR), and the In Vitro Diagnostic Device Regulation (IVDR). These two regulations will replace the current directives, with a three-year transition period for the MDR and a five-year transition period for the IVDR.
The new European Union Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR) has strict regulations which are designed to help improve the traceability and safety management of medical devices.
Manufacturers of medical devices must show clinical evidence of safety and effectiveness, which marked the initiation of this three-year transition period for those selling their medical devices across Europe.
With a deadline of 26 May 2021, the clock is ticking away for manufacturers and distributors of medical devices in the EU to ensure that their data and documentation meet the new requirements.
Many organisations are behind in their readiness for the MDR. Source documentation must be updated and then translated into 24 languages in order to be able to sell the devices to EU countries.
Much of this new content can be found in the IFUs (Instructions for Use) and medical device manuals, to name a few.
Manufacturers are under immense pressure to update their documentation into the relevant languages. At LanguageWire we are working with our customers to ensure their content is translated in time to meet these requirements.
These new regulations have also introduced a Unique Device Identification (UDI) System, which will help in the traceability of all medical devices sold across the EU. These devices need to be marked with a device identifier and each batch series of a product will now need to be marked with a production identifier.
Devices which fall under Class IIa/IIb and Class III will have their UDI recorded, indexed and registered on the central EU database EUDAMED – the European Database for Medical Devices. The new database was initially planned to go live in March 2020. However, the European Commission decided to launch the database for both medical devices and in-vitro diagnostic devices simultaneously in May 2022.
Within the MDR guidance, manufacturers also need to establish, implement and create documentation within a quality management system (QMS) and maintain its efficacy throughout the medical device's lifecycle (this quality management system needs to be in accordance with ISO 13485 for MDR as well as for IVDR).
QMS procedures will need to cover the following
Quality objectives and the organisation of the business
How procedures and techniques are used for controlling design, validation and verification/review of medical devices
Relevant clinical trials and tests documents are to be stored
Post-market surveillance
How risk assessments are carried out for new and existing devices
Manufacturers need to have an appointed individual responsible for regulatory compliance (shown in Article 15 of the MDR and IVDR)
Ample financial coverage regarding a manufacturer's potential liability (shown in Article 10 of the MDR and IVDR).
For IVDR, this will also create the following key changes for manufacturers
The testing and performance will need to be checked and verified by referenced laboratories for Class D medical devices.
Contiguous evidence of the medical device's performance throughout the life of the product will need to be provided.
Conformity assessments will need to be carried out by specific notified bodies for the majority of IVDs.
LanguageWire is one of the world's leading providers of language services. We are here to guide you through the process of delivering multilingual content to ensure that your content meets the new EU regulations.
LanguageWire is the trusted translation, proofreading and other language services partner for a wide range of clients in the life sciences and healthcare industry.
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Your journey to a powerful, seamless language management experience starts here! Tell us about your needs and we will tailor the perfect solution to your enterprise.
Founded in 2000, LanguageWire offers a language management ecosystem enabling enterprises to engage and communicate with any audience across the globe through bespoke AI technology and human expertise. Pursuing its vision of making global communications smarter and more efficient, LanguageWire adapts solutions to customer needs, automates workflows, and delivers multilingual communication services within a secure infrastructure.
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by	Ploonu - August 24, 2020
"WAP" is the first song to spend its first two weeks on the chart at No. 1 since Ariana Grande's "7 Rings."
Cardi B's "WAP," featuring Megan Thee Stallion, spends a second week at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 songs chart. It soared in at the summit a week earlier with record first-week streams.
"WAP" fends of Drake's "Laugh Now Cry Later," featuring Lil Durk, as the latter launches at No. 2 on the Hot 100.
Plus, two country hits enter the Hot 100's top 10: Morgan Wallen's "7 Summers" debuts at No. 6 and Gabby Barrett's "I Hope" ascends from No. 11 to No. 10.
The Hot 100 blends all-genre U.S. streaming, radio airplay and sales data. All charts (dated Aug. 29) will update on Billboard.com tomorrow (Aug. 25).
"WAP," released on Atlantic Records, notches a second week at No. 1 on the Digital Song Sales chart, with 36,000 downloads sold (down 71%) in the week ending Aug. 20, according to Nielsen Music/MRC Data. It dips to No. 2 on Streaming Songs with 72.2 million U.S. streams (down 22%) in the week ending Aug. 20. A week ago, it blasted in with 93 million streams, the most ever for a song in its first week of release.
"WAP" additionally debuts at No. 48 on the Radio Songs chart with 16.5 million radio airplay audience impressions (up 42%) in the week ending Aug. 23.
"WAP" is the first song to spend its first two weeks on the Hot 100 at No. 1 since Ariana Grande's "7 Rings," which tallied its first five weeks on the chart in the top spot (of eight total frames at No. 1), beginning on the Feb. 2, 2019-dated tally. In between those hits, eight songs debuted at No. 1, each spending a week at the summit. (Of the 42 songs that have entered the Hot 100 at No. 1 all-time, 19, including "WAP," remained on top in their second weeks.)
Meanwhile, "WAP" is the first song among women to lead the Hot 100 for multiple weeks since Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You" reigned for three weeks in December-January. Before that, Lizzo's "Truth Hurts" totaled seven weeks at No. 1 last September-October.
"WAP" concurrently posts a second week at No. 1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts, which employ the same multi-metric methodology as the Hot 100.
Drake's "Laugh Now Cry Later," featuring Lil Durk, roars onto the Hot 100 at No. 2, led by its chart-topping entrance on Streaming Songs with 69.8 million streams in the week ending Aug. 20, following its Aug. 14 release.
Drake adds his record-extending ninth Streaming Songs No. 1 and second this year, after "Toosie Slide," which started with 55.5 million first-week streams (April 18). "Laugh" brings Drake his second-best first-week streaming total, after "God's Plan" (82.4 million, Feb. 3, 2018).
(Note that while the total of 69.8 million streams for "Laugh" is less than the 72.2 million for Cardi B's "WAP," the former ranks at No. 1 on Streaming Songs and the latter places at No. 2 due to the application of weighting of paid subscription, ad-supported and programmed streams, as factored into the Hot 100.)
"Laugh" enters Digital Song Sales at No. 4 (21,000 sold) at Radio Songs at No. 47 (17.1 million impressions).
Drake adds his record-padding 41st Hot 100 top 10. On the Aug. 1-dated Hot 100, he landed his 39th and 40th top 10s, breaking a tie with Madonna (38) for the most in the chart's 62-year history. The Beatles rank third with 34 top 10s.
"Laugh" also extends Drake's records for the most overall Hot 100 entries (225), most top 40 hits (114) and most titles to debut in the top 10 (26).
Lil Durk earns his first Hot 100 top 10 and first Streaming Songs No. 1.
DaBaby's seven-week Hot 100 leader "Rockstar," featuring Roddy Ricch, drops 2-3.
The Weeknd's "Blinding Lights" descends 3-4 on the Hot 100, as it spends a record-extending 20th week at No. 1 on Radio Songs (78.7 million, down 2%). It tops the multi-metric Hot R&B Songs chart for a record-padding 23rd week.
Jack Harlow's "Whats Poppin," featuring DaBaby, Tory Lanez and Lil Wayne, retreats 4-5 on the Hot 100, after rising to No. 2.
Morgan Wallen's "7 Summers" bounds onto the Hot 100 at No. 6, marking his first top 10. It also enters the multi-metric Hot Country Songs chart at No. 1, where it's his second leader, after "Whiskey Glasses" reigned for two weeks in May-June 2019.
Released Aug. 14, "Summers" starts at No. 4 on Streaming Songs with 23.5 million U.S. streams in the week ending Aug. 20, the best release-week sum for a title that has appeared on both the Hot 100 and Hot Country Songs by a solo male and no accompanying acts. On Digital Song Sales, it opens at No. 2 (28,000).
"Summers" is just the second top 10 Hot 100 debut ever for a song by a solo male and no accompanying acts that has also appeared on Hot Country Songs, after Garth Brooks' alter ego Chris Gaines bowed at No. 5 on the Hot 100 with "Lost in You" in September 1999.
Harry Styles' "Watermelon Sugar" recedes 5-7 on the Hot 100, two weeks after surging to No. 1; SAINt JHN's "Roses" slides 6-8, after reaching No. 4, as it tops the multi-metric Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart for a 17th week; and Jawsh 685 and Jason Derulo's "Savage Love (Laxed – Siren Beat)" falls to No. 9 from its No. 7 Hot 100 high.
Rounding out the Hot 100's top 10, Gabby Barrett's "I Hope" rises 11-10, becoming the first top 10 on the chart for the 2018 American Idol third-place finalist. The track topped Hot Country Songs for five weeks (before being dethroned this week by Wallen's "Summers").
Reaching the top 10 in its 34th week on the Hot 100, "Hope" completes the third-longest trip to the tier, after 2005 Idol champ Carrie Underwood's "Before He Cheats," which hit the top 10 in its 38th week in 2007, and Creed's "Higher" (36 weeks, 2000).
Barrett is also the first woman to hit the Hot 100's top 10 with a song unaccompanied by any other artists that also charted on Hot Country Songs since October 2012, when Taylor Swift's "Red" debuted at its No. 6 peak.
Plus, with "Hope" marking Barrett's first Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 entry, she joins an exclusive group of women who have topped the former and reached the latter's top 10 with their first solo singles. Jeannie C. Riley initiated the club with "Harper Valley P.T.A.," a No. 1 on both charts in 1968, while Marie Osmond ("Paper Roses," No. 5 on the Hot 100 in 1973) and Jessi Colter ("I'm Not Lisa," No. 4, 1975) also topped Hot Country Songs and hit the Hot 100's top 10 in their first solo appearances on each ranking. Barrett is, thus, the first woman to earn the honor in over 45 years.
"Hope" lifts 9-8 on Radio Songs (52.4 million, up 8%); holds at No. 9 on Digital Song Sales (8,000, essentially even week-over-week); and pushes 28-27 on Streaming Songs (11.7 million, up 8%).
The song led the Country Airplay chart dated April 25 and has crossed to pop radio. It holds at its No. 10 best on the Adult Contemporary survey; enters the Adult Pop Songs top 10 (11-8); and advances 12-11 on Pop Songs. Aiding its profile and pop radio support, a remix with Charlie Puth was released in April.
With "Hope" marking Barrett's first Country Airplay entry, she's the first woman to have led that list with an initial entry, unaccompanied by other acts, that went on to hit the Hot 100's top 10, dating to the Country Airplay chart's 1990 inception. She's the first artist overall to achieve the feat since Florida Georgia Line, whose first Country Airplay hit "Cruise" ruled for three weeks in December 2012 before reaching No. 4 on the Hot 100 in June 2013. "Cruise" likewise scored pop radio airplay assisted by a remix (with Nelly).
The only other such song? Billy Ray Cyrus' debut hit "Achy Breaky Heart," which blew up for a five-week rule on Country Airplay and a No. 4 peak on the Hot 100 in 1992, also helped by pop crossover play.
For all chart news, you can follow @billboard and @billboardcharts on both Twitter and Instagram. Again, all charts, including the Hot 100 in its entirety, will refresh on Billboard.com tomorrow (Aug. 25).
https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9439074/cardi-b-wap-billboard-hot-100-second-week-drake/
Tags: bbfree, Chart Beat, News
Warner Music announced an exclusive deal with Sky Digital India to distribute Sky Digital's repertoire within the country and throughout the world.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Notice of Privacy Practices (NPP)
Commitment to Serving All
Price File
Chaplains are available for spiritual support and consultation.
Tuesday through Friday
REV. LARRY F. WILDEMUTH, D.MIN
MULTIFAITH CHAPLAIN
Rev. Larry F. Wildemuth has been serving in Spiritual Care Ministry at Valley Medical since April 1997. Before coming to Valley Medical he served as a Pastor for 25 years in Hawaii and San Jose. Recently retired, he is assisting part-time in Spiritual Care at Valley Med. He serves on the Board of CODA, an End of Life education nonprofit.
REV JOHN IKENNA ONUOHA, M.DIV.
MULTI-FAITH CHAPLAINS
Rev John Ikenna Onuoha, M.Div. is an ordained Evangelical Minister. He did his clinical pastoral education and chaplain residency at UCLA Health Systems in Los Angeles. He serves as a chaplain with the Army National Guard in Long Beach. He is working toward board certification with the Association of Professional Chaplains and is endorsed for ministry to people of all faiths by the Evangelical Church Alliance.
Father Robert McKay, PHD
Father Robert McKay, PHD (Psychology), has served as a hospital chaplain since 2003 originally at O'Connor Hospital and now at Valley Medical Center. He is an ordained Roman Catholic Priest and has professional certification through the National Association of Catholic Chaplains.
Rev. Max Hokai Swanger, M.Div, BCC
Max is an ordained Buddhist Priest. He did his clinical pastoral education and chaplaincy residency at UCSF in San Francisco, Ca. Later he earned a Masters of Divinity degree, and became a Board Certified Chaplain. Prior to serving at Valley Medical, he worked at both Lucille Packard Children's Hospital (Stanford) and Vitas hospice. In addition to being a chaplain at Valley Medical, Max provides Buddhist ministry around the bay area of California.


Although senior psychology major Tim Jones graduated on Friday, he won't be leaving Grand Canyon University just yet. Jones, a campus finance counselor known for his carefree manner and sense of humor, will be starting a master's program with the goal of becoming a sports psychologist.
The executive director of the Arizona K-12 Center told prospective College of Education graduates on Thursday morning to expect "defining moments" involving unlikely sources as their teaching careers take shape. In her keynote address to the COE convocation at Phoenix First Assembly of God Church, Dr. Kathy Weibke told of small things that ultimately had a profound impact on her course in life.


text:
package org.mythtv.services.api.v028.beans;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

/**
 * <b>Auto-generated file, do not modify manually !!!!</b>
 *
 * @author Sebastien Astie
 */
@JsonIgnoreProperties( ignoreUnknown = true )
public class CaptureCardList {

        @JsonProperty( "CaptureCards" )
        private CaptureCard[] captureCards;

        /**
         * @return the captureCards
         */
        public CaptureCard[] getCaptureCards() {
            return captureCards;
        }

        /**
         * @param captureCards the captureCards to set
         */
        public void setCaptureCards( CaptureCard[] captureCards ) {
            this.captureCards = captureCards;
        }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
2021 Subaru Crosstrek Sport: A DriveWays Review…
Minor changes to a vehicle during its periodic life cycles usually are called a freshen or refresh in the industry, though it looks as if the Subaru engineers and designers took the bit in their teeth and ran with the second-generation 2021 Crosstrek, a small crossover sport utility vehicle.
Among the changes: A smooth and powerful new engine shanghaied from the larger Outback and Legacy models, Subaru Eye Sight technology with adaptive cruise control and lane centering, new wheels and exterior design cues, and new colors: Plasma Yellow Pearl and Horizon Blue Pearl.
There's also a new model, or trim level, called the Sport, which comes with a special X-Mode all-wheel drive with hill descent control. It carries some of the feature content of Subaru's larger Outback Onyx, including a polyurethane water repellent and breathable seat covering called Star Tex, set off by yellow piping and stitching.
Most notable is the Crosstrek's new 2.5-liter horizontally opposed four cylinder engine, which generates 182 hp and 176 lb-ft of torque. It is mated to Subaru's continuously variable automatic transmission (CVT), which has been refined to the point where even CVT deniers can find little to complain about. It has a manual shift mode that mimics an eight-speed automatic transmission, controlled by paddles on the steering wheel.
Variations of the horizontally opposed power plant, also called a boxer or flat engine, were used in many generations of Volkswagens and Porsches. Japan's Subaru now is the only manufacturer that installs them in all its vehicles.
In a boxer engine, the cylinders lie flat on both sides of the crankshaft instead of standing upright or leaning at an angle, as with inline or V configurations. Because of its short vertical profile it can be mounted in the engine bay's basement, giving the vehicle a lower center of gravity, which enhances handling and stability.
Older boxer engines, including those in Volkswagens and some in the Subaru lineup, emit a distinctive exhaust sound, caused by unequal length headers, which affect the exhaust pulses. But the 2.5-liter in the Crosstrek has equal-length headers.
The result is a quieter engine that doesn't sound like an arrhythmic boxer at all. It delivers a strong surge of power and glassy smooth operation—a revelation when you first get in the new Crosstrek and step on the throttle. For do-it-yourselfers, the new design also mounts the oil filter on top of the engine, simplifying oil changes.
But it's no drag racer. Subaru rates the zero to 60 mph acceleration 8.2 seconds, not exceptional these days. The Crosstrek's forte is comfortable cruising in a mostly quiet cabin, and capable handling around the curves aided by active torque vectoring for the all-wheel drive.
Cabin comfort is first rate for four, with supportive seats and a suspension system that gobbles road shocks. As usual in most vehicles these days, the center-rear seat is an uncomfortable perch with a large floor hump that keeps feet apart.
The Crosstrek boasts some off-road capability, enhanced by 8.7 inches of ground clearance. Subaru's surveys show that many owners take their Crosstreks on excursions into tough unpaved terrain.
This vehicle can take it. It incorporates copious amounts of lightweight high-strength steel in the body. Among other things, it enables the rear hatchback opening to be shaped squarely for easier loading of cargo. Subaru also installs connecting posts in the lower back doors that gain strength from the body structure for less flexing and protection in side impact collisions.
Though there are higher priced Limited and Hybrid models, the tested Sport came well equipped, requiring few options. The starting price is $27,545, including the destination charge, and the tester had a $1,600 option package that included a motorized sunroof, blind spot detection, lane-keeping assist and rear cross-traffic alert.
It also had Subaru's Star Link Multimedia Plus system, which included Apple Car Play and Android Auto, HD radio and SXM satellite radio, Bluetooth connectivity with audio streaming, and hands-free phone calling. The bottom-line sticker came to $29,145.
If that's out of reach, there are two lower trim levels — Base at $23,295 and Premium at $24,345. They use a trusty 2.0-liter boxer engine and, for enthusiasts, come with a standard six-speed manual gearbox. The CVT is optional. But the 2.0-liter is less powerful, at 152 hp and 145 lb-ft of torque.
With more than 757,000 sold since its inception in 2012, the Crosstrek looks to continue among the chosen.
Model: 2021 Subaru Crosstrek Sport four-door crossover sport utility vehicle.
Engine: 2.5-liter horizontally-opposed four-cylinder; 182 hp, 176 lb-ft torque.
Transmission: Continuously variable automatic with a manual-shift mode and all-wheel drive.
Photos (c) Subaru
2020 Jeep Gladiator Mojave, Renegade Trailhawk 4X4: A DriveWays Review…
This is a tale of two Jeeps: The flyover model and the Italian Job. Former is the new Gladiator Mojave pickup truck, tricked out to validate those videos showing Jeeps launched airborne off sand dunes; the latter is the Renegade Trailhawk, a small crossover sport utility vehicle with modest off-road credentials.
That they are both Jeeps, with what that implies, goes without saying. The vehicles, which date back to World War II, have maintained their reputations as solid, go-anywhere military and civilian machines that can handle almost any terrain anywhere. Jeep now is a division of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA).
The decision to squish two Jeeps into one DriveWays review happens because of circumstances. In the case of the Renegade Trailhawk, which is assembled at a Fiat factory in Melifi, Italy, and uses 63% Italian parts — hence the Italian Job moniker — there have been few changes since the 2019 model year.
It uses the same 1.3-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine, which delivers 177 hp and 210 lb-ft of torque to all four wheels through a nine-speed automatic transmission. The Renegade's underpinnings are similar to that of the less capable Fiat 500X.
On the road, the Renegade Trailhawk is not particularly fast though noisy under hard acceleration. Like almost all Jeeps, it has a choppy ride. The handling, however, is reasonably competent because of its small size.
Unlike some other Renegade models, the Trailhawk is "Trail Rated," meaning it comes with off-road equipment, including all-terrain tires, skid plates and a two-speed transfer case for the four-wheel drive. There's also hill descent control, and four selectable driving modes: automatic, snow, sand, mud and rock.
If you plan to drive mostly on paved roads, there are other choices in small crossovers, including Renegades that are not trail rated. Among them: Kia Seltos, Hyundai Kona, Mazda CX-30, Nissan Kicks, Toyota C-HR and Honda HR-V.
The Renegade starts at $23,770, including the destination charge. The tested Trailhawk model started at $29,290 and, with options, had a sticker of $35,770.
At the other end of the spectrum in this evaluation is the Gladiator Mojave 4X4, a new version of the Jeep pickup truck. It is a sort of evil twin of the Gladiator Rubicon, which is designed for serious off-road duty like that found on the famed Rubicon trail in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California and Nevada, traversed by all manner of Land Rovers, Jeeps and trucks with four-wheel drive.
The entry-level Gladiator pickup, with a six-speed manual gearbox, was previously featured in a DriveWays review, and the new Mojave shares many parts and features with that machine. It uses the same 3.6-liter V6 engine with 285 hp and 260 lb-ft of torque and an eight-speed automatic transmission with a two-speed transfer case. However, the Mohave is a higher trim level, more akin to the Rubicon. The base Gladiator with the six-speed manual gearbox had a base price of $35,040 and, as tested, came to $36,330. The Mojave model tested here had a base price of $45,370 and, with many options, climbed to $61,795.
Traditional off-roading is mostly done in tough terrain like the Rubicon trail at walking speed, challenging driver skills and vehicle capabilities. But you'd hardly know it to witness some advertising videos, which often show four-wheel-drive vehicles racing at high speeds around desert locales like Mexico's Baja California.
Those machines are often modified. But the new Gladiator Mojave was specifically designed for that sort of off-road duty. It has some of the same equipment as the Rubicon model, and adds a beefed up frame as well as stronger shock absorbers and suspension system parts. Though it can do some of the same rock crawling as the Rubicon model, it can manage higher speeds through rough outback.
There was no opportunity to evaluate those Mojave bones. The introduction in the California desert between Ocotillo Wells and Borrego Springs was canceled because of the Covid-19 pandemic. So for now the focus is on pavement performance.
It has the typical choppy Jeep ride and, with solid axles front and rear, the Mojave requires frequent steering corrections on straight-line roads. But its heft, stiff suspension and fat tires keep it tracking well on curves, though you wouldn't want to be chasing Porsches or Corvette Stingrays.
But they wouldn't want to chase the Mojave at the beach either.
Model: 2020 Jeep Gladiator Mojave four-door pickup truck.
Transmission: Eight-speed automatic with four-wheel drive, two-speed transfer case and manually locking rear differential.
Model: 2020 Jeep Renegade Trailhawk 4X4 four-door crossover sport utility vehicle.
Transmission: Nine-speed automatic.
Photos (c) Jeep
2020 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited EcoDiesel: A DriveWays Review…
It's, like, the new diesel engine in the 2020 Jeep Wrangler takes some of the fun out of off-roading. Hey, how can you impress the significant other with your boonie-bashing skills when your 12-year-old sister probably could do it?
With spotters, of course, especially if it's in an area like Sand Hollow in southwest Utah, which attracts Jeepers from all over, along with other off-roadsters in all-terrain vehicles, side-by-sides and trucks — in fact, almost anything with four-wheel drive and the chops to take on prehistoric-looking country.
The spotters are the guys and gals working for Jeep to guide the off-roaders so they don't crinkle the bodywork of the shiny new Wranglers as they hum their way around a trackless off-road course that you'd never find by yourself. Hum, that is, not chug. These diesels are muscular athletes with black tie and slinky gown manners.
Jeep aficionados, we are told at the national press introduction, have been agitating for years for two things: a pickup truck and a diesel engine for the Wrangler. Jeep slaked the first thirst with the 2020 Gladiator pickup and now satiates the appetite for diesel grunt — so far only in the four-door Jeep Wrangler Unlimited.
Besides the off-road experience, not as dramatic as expected, the event also included sedate scenic motoring through Zion National Park, next door to Springdale, Utah, as well as a bite of freeway driving from there to Sand Hollow.
Jeep insists on calling its new model an EcoDiesel, no doubt to emphasize the inherent fuel economy of the 3.0-liter V-6 compression ignition engine, which runs on standard diesel fuel but likely would work as well with clean diesel made from algae or plants.
In addition to fuel economy, diesel engines are all about low-end torque, or twisting force. The Wrangler EcoDiesel makes 260 hp along with a whopping 442 lb-ft of torque that kicks in at about 1,400 rpm.
That's barely above idle speed and is what gives this new Wrangler its spectacular off-road capability. In places, Sand Hollow is as challenging as the famed Rubicon Trail in the Sierra Nevada mountains between Sacramento, California and Lake Tahoe, Nevada. The Rubicon has many areas where spotters are always present to save drivers from trashing their vehicles — and blocking other off-roaders.
Contrary to the popular TV notion of Jeeps flying off sand dunes and cliffs at high speeds, true off-roading is a slow and sometimes grueling prospect. In some places in competitions around the world it entails requiring drivers and companions to dig out of bogs and make roadside repairs.
That was not the situation at Sand Hollow with the Wrangler EcoDiesel, whose drivers were guided throughout by experienced spotters. Speeds seldom exceeded a couple of miles an hour and, of course, the Jeeps were designed with state-of-the-art off-road equipment, including automatically disconnecting sway bars and locking front and rear differentials.
But the most important aspect — and the inherent quality — that made even novices look experienced was the diesel engine. With gasoline engines on the Sand Hollow course, there would have been fits of stops, starts, jerking and slipping as drivers alternately punched and feathered the throttle and stabbed the brakes.
With the Jeep's diesel engine's massive torque, it was simply a matter of maintaining a light foot on the accelerator pedal to climb up, over, through and around boulders, depressions and berms along the course. It's safe to say almost every driver came away feeling like an expert.
The other part of the story, not to be ignored because any Jeep owner must take to the highways and byways to get to the off-road skill areas. That means the new Jeep Wrangler EcoDiesel must perform as well as an everyday commuter vehicle.
It does that, and more, especially in the more family-oriented hard top station wagon configuration, which believe it or not is a comfortable cruiser on the highway to the beach or lake vacation. Cheap, too. Driving at more than 80 miles an hour (excuse, please, Utah highway patrol) the tested 4,737-lb Wrangler Sahara was clocking more than 30 mpg.
The only minor glitch was maintaining on-center steering and straight-line driving. There was some slop off-center, wiggling and frequent corrections required. Perfectly understandable, because the Wrangler has solid rear axles front and rear, which mandates traditional recirculating ball steering.
Got a problem with that? Not here.
Model: 2020 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited EcoDiesel Sahara 4X4 four-door sport utility vehicle.
Engine: 3.0-liter V6 diesel; turbocharged; 260 hp, 442 lb-ft torque.
Transmission: Eight-speed automatic with four-wheel drive, high and low ranges.
Ground clearance: 10-11 inches.
Estimated city/highway/combined fuel consumption: 23/33/28 mpg.
Photos (c) FCA North America
2020 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque First Edition: A DriveWays Review…
Though it looks almost the same as its predecessor, the 2020 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque could be named the Evolve. It's a more refined version of itself, as if it had attended finishing school.
On paved roads it is commendably quiet, comfortable and luxurious with understated agility and dignified road manners suited to royalty. Queen Elizabeth, who does some of her own driving, would be at home in an Evoque.
The Evoque comes from Great Britain's storied Land Rover, which means its schooling included brawny feats of strength negotiating trackless wilderness. The Evoque has that, including the capability to motor through nearly two feet of standing water.
In the U.S., however, it's doubtful that many customers would choose the Evoque — or its siblings — for anything other than the fashionable image of parking it outside the house or business. A hard-core off-roader likely would buy a used Land Rover or the all-new Defender.
The original Evoque arrived in 2012 and has been a steady presence in Land Rover's lineup. It is the smallest of the Range Rovers, competing in a class of small crossover SUVs that includes the Porsche Macan, Audi Q3 and Lincoln Corsair.
Though the base Evoque comes with a price tag of $43,645, the version tested here was a First Edition, which translated into the fully loaded model with every option and a sticker price of $57,845.
The most striking thing about it was its 21-inch wheels, which stylishly filled out the wheel openings and improved the ground clearance, already more than eight inches. However, for tough going at the original Evoque's debut, the front bumper was removed for a better approach angle. The same might be needed for the 2020 model.
The tester came with Land Rover's Terrain Response: selectable settings for on-road fuel economy; comfort; grass, gravel and snow; mud and ruts, and sand. There also was an automatic setting and hill descent control for off-roading.
Power comes from Land Rover's 246-hp, 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine, which delivers 269 lb-ft of torque, or twisting force. The engineers have done a masterful job of smoothing out inherent vibrations so this turbo four feels more like a smooth six-cylinder engine.
Turbo lag is almost nonexistent. The annoyance comes from the idle stop-start system, which shuts the engine down at stops, then takes a few seconds to restart before moving off. Fortunately, the stop-start can be turned off with the touch of a digital icon.
There are few buttons or switches controlling the Evoque. Almost everything operates digitally by touching a smooth surface. The equipment should include lessons in emoji reading to figure out what all the little symbols mean. Adjustments can be distracting and should not be attempted while underway.
The power gets to all four wheels through a slick-shifting nine-speed automatic transmission that can be manually paddle-shifted. Besides the Drive position, there's a sport setting that adjusts shifts to higher rpms for better performance.
Land Rover rates the zero to 60 mph acceleration at seven seconds, though the Evoque feels quicker and independent tests have put the acceleration in the six-second range. Top speed is rated at 143 mph.
But the proof is in the driving. Though the Evoque is a small, though not so tall, crossover SUV, it handles more like a sport sedan on twisting roads. Automatic torque vectoring divides the power side-to-side at the rear wheels to help hustle around curves and enhance the feeling of control.
Inside, passengers are isolated from road, engine and wind noises in sumptuous surroundings that include dual automatic climate zones, supportive ventilated leather seats and quality trim materials.
As a small crossover, the Evoque does not offer generous space. Front-seat passengers have plenty and the back seat is barely accommodating of average-sized adults. But any poor soul relegated to the center-rear seat, with a hard cushion and big floor hump, should be a small child or gymnast. Rear vision is compromised by a small back window and large rear headrests. Behind the rear seat is a cargo area of 22 cubic feet.
Like some other European manufacturers, Land Rover doesn't quite get a few things. The Evoque has a panoramic glass sunroof with an opaque sunshield. But it doesn't open. The front sun visors do not slide on their support rods to adequately block sun from the sides. And there are no assist handles front or rear to help people enter and exit.
Model: 2020 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque First Edition four-door crossover sport utility vehicle.
Photos (c) Jaguar Land Rover
2019 Jeep Cherokee Overland: A DriveWays Review…
It doesn't crumble and has plenty of frosting, but you could argue that the 2019 Jeep Cherokee is the automotive equivalent of having your cake and eating it too.
Most people think of Jeeps as Wranglers, rugged vehicles that can conquer any terrain anywhere but don't offer much in creature comforts. In fact, Wrangler buyers want to be exposed to hardships, unprotected from the elements. That's why roofs and doors can be removed, and modifications made to alter suspension systems to rock and roll over any obstacle.
What is less noted about the current crop of Jeeps is refinement. The new-generation 2018 Wrangler Unlimited four-door wagon was remarkable for its coming-of-age as a family station wagon that handles well in traffic and around curves, tracks steadily in a straight line and delivers long-distance comfort that can eliminate complaints from the kids and other passengers. Yet it can still handle trackless terrain.
The same could be said, with more emphasis, about the 2019 Jeep Cherokee Overland tested for this review. This is a conventional compact crossover sport utility vehicle with pleasant styling, smooth and quiet operation, and the amenities that crossover buyers seek.
Sure, the doors don't come off and the windshield doesn't fold down. But the Cherokee is, in its soul, a Jeep with off-road capabilities that other manufacturers would envy — if they even bothered.
Most crossovers in this category simply offer front-wheel drive or automatic all-wheel drive that responds to on-road and limited off-road conditions. Drivers of all-wheel drive models don't have to think about anything; simply get in and drive.
But the Cherokee comes with Jeep's Selec-Terrain system, which allows the driver to choose the system for disparate conditions — after which it operates automatically. They are labeled as Automatic, Snow, Sand/Mud and Sport. They give the Cherokee capabilities that most other crossovers lack.
Still, it's no Wrangler. If you are the sort whose idea of a vacation trip is bashing around trackless and boulder-strewn terrain at somewhere around two to five miles per hour, buy a Wrangler. The Cherokee can do some of that but is more of a multi-task machine, not great at everything but competent at most. On-road, it is the peer of most mid-priced compact crossovers like the Toyota RAV4 and even more expensive crossovers like the BMW X3 xDrive 3.0i.
The model tested for this review was the Cherokee Overland 4X4 model, which had a base price of $38,890, including the destination charge. The name prompts nostalgia because original Jeeps in World War II were built by the Willys Overland company.
As tested, it came with optional adaptive cruise control, panoramic motorized glass sunroof, collision warning with crash mitigation, brake assist, lane-departure warning, blind-spot and rear cross-path detection, leather upholstery and automatic high-beam headlight control.
Standard equipment includes Apple Car Play, Android Auto, SXM satellite radio, dual-zone automatic climate control, heated and ventilated front seats, heated rear seats, and power front seats with memory for the driver's seat. With other features, the bottom-line sticker came to $41,510.
Unlike many other crossovers powered by the now-ubiquitous 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine, naturally aspirated or turbocharged, the Cherokee is motivated by a 271-hp, 3.2-liter V6 engine that delivers 239 lb-ft of torque. The power gets to all four wheels through a nine-speed automatic transmission, which gave Jeep problems and delayed the original launch of the Cherokee, but which now is as refined as the rest of the vehicle.
Around town, the Cherokee has a responsive throttle that delivers sprightly acceleration. Highway cruising is comfortable and quiet with fatigue-free straight-line tracking. Curving roads are not daunting unless you have a lead foot on the go pedal.
As with other vehicles from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), it has one of the more intuitive infotainment interfaces, with a large center-mounted screen. Setting radio pre-sets, for example, is a simple matter of tuning to the station and touching the screen briefly — unlike some vehicles that force to you go through maddening steps.
Passenger space is about the same as in a midsize car, offering good head and knee space front and rear. Only the center-rear passenger gets disrespected by a hard cushion, large floor hump and intrusion of the center console. Better to think of the Cherokee as a four-passenger vehicle with a spot for a backpack or purse. Seatbacks recline but not much, and they fold almost flat for extra cargo if needed.
Model: 2019 Jeep Cherokee Overland four-door crossover sport utility vehicle.
Transmission: Nine-speed automatic with selective four-wheel drive.
2018 Audi A4 allroad: A DriveWays Review…
If you're done with conventional sedans and station wagons but not quite ready for a tall crossover sport utility vehicle, take a look at a 'tweener like the 2018 Audi A4 allroad.
It is a station wagon, yes, but taller — though not as tall as the crossovers that are steadily taking over the marketplace to the point where sedans and wagons are an endangered species.
Unfortunately, tall wagons are few in number and mostly tilted toward the luxury class. Besides the A4 allroad, they are the Volvo V60 and V90 Cross Country models, the Jaguar XF Sportbrake and the Buick Regal TourX.
All of these offer all-wheel drive and a lower center of gravity for more sporting handling than most crossovers. They also are slightly taller than their station wagon brethren.
The Audi allroad is the granddaddy of the tall wagons, dating back nearly two decades in A6 and A4 trim. For 2018, as in 2017, the A4 allroad arrives with a 252-hp 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine that makes 273 lb-ft of torque.
A seven-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission sends the power to Audi's famed quattro all-wheel drive system, now with a new wrinkle. For economy, it operates in front-wheel drive under normal conditions. As soon as slippage is detected, it switches instantly and seamlessly in milliseconds to all-wheel drive.
We know this only because we have been told verbally and in the literature. Driving the A4 allroad, you never detect the changeover. The twin-clutch automatic is similarly quick, said by Audi to shift in 1/100thof a second.
All of this conspires to launch the allroad to 60 miles an hour in less than six seconds, according to Audi and independent tests. Top speed is governed at 128 mph, though most owners likely will never bother to experience it.
However, the rapid acceleration can't happen if you allow the engine stop-start to be turned on. Then you get that dreaded hesitation off the line, although it doesn't shudder as much on the allroad than on some other vehicles. Fortunately, the stop-start can be turned off, though you must do it every time you start the engine.
Of course, you don't buy a tall wagon like the A4 allroad to compete in autocrosses or bounce over trackless terrain like a Jeep or Land Rover. However, it is equipped with five driver-selectable drive modes, including an off-road setting that optimizes transmission shifting, steering and adaptive suspension settings that enhance performance off the pavement.
Besides off-road, the other settings are comfort, automatic, individual and dynamic, with the last the tightest for on-road performance. The individual setting can be tailored for the driver.
Most owners are unlikely to do much off-roading in any case. The allroad, like other Audi models, is a classy, luxury vehicle to be polished and admired, not bashed and scratched.
The quattro all-wheel drive does impart an ambiance of confidence in foul weather conditions, especially deep snow, and does so with the panache of a quiet butler in a palace, always ready with a tray full of capabilities.
One of those, of course, is utility. The allroad has midsize sedan space for passengers, though the center-rear position, as is usual in almost every vehicle, is cramped and uncomfortable. But the big payoff lies in cargo space. There's 24 cubic feet of it behind the second-row seats, more than enough for everyday favorite things. Flop the rear seatbacks and it expands to 59 cubic feet to haul the dorm room stuff of a new college freshman.
Though it is a luxury vehicle, the allroad is not outrageously expensive given its features. The base price is $45,475 and, with options that included a Premium Plus package, the tested price came to $53,750.
That covers full safety equipment, including Audi's pre-sense collision avoidance system, which detects objects and pedestrians, and can bring the allroad to a stop anywhere under 25 mph — a boon in modern urban stop-and-go traffic.
Other equipment included LED lighting all around, Audi telematics with navigation, Bang & Olufsen audio with SXM satellite radio, tri-zone automatic climate control, perforated leather upholstery with heated front and rear seats, eight-way power front seats with memory settings, power tailgate, garage-door opener, heated and folding outside mirrors, and a parking assistance system.
However, the equipment did not include such items as adaptive cruise control, lane departure mitigation or blind-spot warning.
Model: 2018 Audi A4 allroad 2.0T quattro S tronic four-door station wagon.
Engine: 2.0-liter four-cylinder, turbocharged, 252 hp, 273 lb-ft torque.
Transmission: Seven-speed twin-clutch automatic with manual-shift mode and all-wheel drive.
EPA passenger/cargo volume: 94/24 cubic feet. (59)
Photos (c) Audi.
2019 Jeep Cherokee Trailhawk: A DriveWays Review…
Refinement appears to be the order of the day at the Jeep Division of Fiat Chrysler, adeptly achieved by the 2019 Cherokee Trailhawk Elite with its new look and on-road performance.
Sometimes it seems as if nearly every buyer wants to end up with a stylish sport utility — or a crossover version of one. But crossovers, built with unit bodies like automobiles, are mostly wannabes when it comes to venturing into the boondocks. They usually have all-wheel drive and decent ground clearance, but the capabilities end there.
Not so the Jeep Cherokee. Like every Jeep, it has solid off-road credentials, abetted by such enhancements as four-wheel drive with a low range and lockable rear differential, crawl speed capability, hill descent control and skid plates — all there to match up against rocks, snow, sand and mud.
At the same time, it's a decent highway cruiser with a new 270-hp, 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine that makes 295 lb-ft of torque — useful both for difficult slow-motion off-road adventures and on-road acceleration off the line, which happens without that dreaded turbo lag.
However, there is hesitation if you use the default engine stop-start system. Fortunately, the stop-start can be disabled by simply touching a button on the dash, which was the preference of this driver.
The engine sends its power to the wheels through a nine-speed automatic transmission with a manual-shift mode. However, the system negates some of the satisfaction that comes with the absence of turbo lag. Though the Cherokee gets quickly off the line, punching the gas pedal underway to downshift into a passing gear usually results in an annoying lurch before the power comes on.
Though mechanical and road sounds are mostly muted during freeway cruising, plenty of engine noise intrudes during hard acceleration. The ride, as might be expected with a solidly sprung off-road capable vehicle, is choppy on all but the smoothest roads.
However, that suspension system stiffness, along with stable steering, paid off in capable handling with little body lean on curving roads as long as the Cherokee was not pushed too hard.
With a curb weight of 4,260 lbs, including that off-road hardware, the tested Cherokee Trailhawk was anything but an economy vehicle. On the government's city/highway/combined fuel consumption ratings, it managed just 20/26/22 mpg on premium gasoline.
The most noticeable styling change from the 2018 Cherokee is its front face. It has Jeep's signature seven-slot grille but the low-down headlights have been relocated and combined with the daytime running lights, giving it more of a family resemblance to its bigger sibling, the Grand Cherokee.
Inside, the tested Cherokee Trailhawk Elite was fitted out as well as some luxury SUVs. Standard and optional equipment included collision alert with automatic braking, rear and parallel parking assist, blind-spot warning, cross traffic alerts, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, SXM satellite radio, navigation system, memory setting for the power driver's seat, perforated leather upholstery, heated front seats, adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, panoramic glass sunroof and rain-sensing windshield wipers.
Infotainment functions are displayed on FCA's UConnect 8.4-inch center touch screen. The system has been praised by critics for its ease of use. However, there have been criticisms of the quality of the Cherokee's audio for hands-free telephone calls.
Inside accommodations included multiple seat adjustments and a fat-rimmed steering wheel for a confident grip. Front seats were comfortable and supportive with big seatback bolsters to hold the torso in off-road rocking and pitching.
Comfort was similar in the outboard back seats, with okay head and knee room for average-sized adults. However, the center rear position was severely compromised by a hard cushion, big floor hump and the intrusion of the center console.
Rear seatbacks fold nearly flat for additional cargo space. The Cherokee Trailhawk has 102 cubic feet of space for passengers—about what you find in a midsize sedan—and 25 cubic feet for cargo behind the rear seat. A full-sized spare wheel and tire is stashed underneath the cargo floor.
The 2019 Jeep Cherokee Trailhawk Elite came with a starting price of $34,765, including the $1,445 destination charge. With options, the suggested delivered price was $41,245. Competitors include the Subaru Forester, Volkswagen Tiguan, GMC Terrain Denali AWD and Jeep's own Wrangler Unlimited four-door, which also has been considerably refined for on-road performance, making it a contender as a family wagon.
Model: 2019 Jeep Cherokee Trailhawk Elite 4X4 four-door crossover sport utility vehicle.
Transmission: Nine-speed automatic with manual shift mode and selectable four-wheel drive.
Towing capability: Up to 4,000 pounds.
Photos (c) FCA North America.
2018 Jeep Compass Trailhawk 4×4: A DriveWays Review…
Whatever else you might conclude about the 2018 Jeep Compass Trailhawk 4×4, it has mastered the spirit of the KISS Principle — a design precept that admonishes, "Keep It Simple, Stupid." Though the new Compass is anything but stupid, its designers have done their best to keep it simple.
Because the tested Compass came in the off-road rated Trailhawk version, it has more versatility than its competitors, who lurk in a class of crossover sport utility vehicles parked between subcompacts like the Honda HR-V and compacts like the Toyota RAV4.
Its size is close to the new Subaru Crosstrek, which comes standard with all-wheel drive but without much of the off-road sophistication of the Compass Trailhawk.
The Trailhawk is three inches shorter than the Crosstrek but has more interior room — a total of 127 cubic feet to the Crosstrek's 119. However, the Trailhawk also is more powerful, heavier by about 400 pounds, more expensive and less fuel efficient.
It's all about orientation. The Crosstrek, though it has some off-road capability, focuses primarily on highway performance in foul weather. The Compass Trailhawk can handle that and also deal with rough stuff off the road — though not as capably as its garage-mates Jeep Wrangler and Unlimited.
Its all-wheel drive system has five all-terrain drive modes: auto, rock, snow, sand and mud, along with four-wheel drive low range, four-wheel drive lock, and hill-descent control.
This is where it exhibits simplicity. All modes are controlled by buttons on the console that are legibly labeled and easy to operate. They complement the 8.4-inch touch screen in the middle of the dash, which also is a paragon of simplicity for controlling infotainment and navigation functions.
That contrasts with other vehicles, many of them in the luxury category, that are so obtuse in operation that they prompt angry tirades and an increase in blood pressure.
The Compass replaces its previous generation sibling and the Jeep Patriot, a similar crossover SUV. Fiat Chrysler discontinued the Patriot after 2016, although some leftovers are being sold as 2017 models.
There are four Compass trim levels with front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive, three different transmissions and one engine: a 180-horsepower, 2.4-liter four-cylinder that delivers 175 pound-feet of torque. The four trims are Sport, Latitude, Trailhawk and Limited, the last being the loaded luxury model.
A six-speed manual gearbox is standard on the Sport 4×2 and 4×4, and the Latitude 4×4. The Latitude 4×2 comes with a six-speed automatic transmission. Jeep's nine-speed automatic transmission, with a manual-shift mode, is standard on Trailhawk and Limited, both of which come standard with all-wheel drive. The nine-speed also is an option on the Sport and Latitude 4×4 models.
Though not a scorcher on acceleration, there's enough power for anything the Compass encounters. It handles decently on and off the road and delivers a compliant, somewhat choppy though quiet ride with some intrusion of engine and road noise.
The tested Trailhawk came with a starting price of $29,690 and, with options, topped out at $33,560, which is slightly below the average price of a new car now in the U.S. Equipment was extensive, including roll mitigation, front and rear tow hooks, rear cross-traffic alert and blind-spot warning, along with navigation, parking assist, satellite radio, remote starting and a power tailgate.
One handy item, especially for adventuresome backwoods boomers, was a full-size spare wheel and tire, though the wheel was plain steel and not handsome alloy like other four.
Receiving increasing attention are vehicles that roll away if the driver inadvertently turns off the engine while the automatic transmission still is in Drive. Some systems automatically shift into Park, but the Compass finesses the situation by refusing to let the engine shut down. An instrument message orders the driver to shift into Park.
Though the interior contained a number of plastic trim items, the seats were upholstered in a combination of sturdy cloth trimmed with leather. The front seats had well-bolstered seatbacks to hold the torso in cornering and off-roading.
The outboard back seats had plenty of head and knee room for average sized adults, and even the center-rear position, hampered by a floor hump, intrusion of the console and a cushion instead of a real seat, actually could accommodate a fifth passenger.
Overall, this new Compass is a bundle of compromises that delivers a potpourri of capabilities.
Model: 2018 Jeep Compass Trailhawk 4X4 crossover sport utility vehicle.
Engine:4-liter four-cylinder, 180 hp, 175 lb-ft torque.
Transmission: Nine-speed automatic with manual shift mode and adjustable all-wheel drive.
EPA passenger/cargo volume: 100/27 cubic feet. (60)
Photos (c) Jeep.
2017 Volvo V90 Cross Country: A DriveWays Review…
Now presenting its all-new 2017 V90 Cross Country, Volvo demonstrates again that it has a way with wagons.
Going back generations, the Swedish vehicle manufacturer has persisted in developing rugged, safe and dependable station wagons, even when — as in the United States — they fell out of favor.
Now Volvo has added another element: refined luxury and off-road capability that should please its stalwart band of disciples as well as win it some converts.
The resurgence of this venerable company arrived with its 2016 XC90 crossover sport utility vehicle, which earned it Truck of the Year Honors from an independent group of automotive journalists. It followed with the S90 luxury sedan and V90 station wagon.
Now it has taken the genre a step further with the Cross Country, which slots between the V90 station wagon and XC90 three-row crossover. It's not a new concept; Volvo has been delivering Cross Country models for several decades.
The new one is distinguished from the V90 by a taller ride height, bigger wheels and 8.3 inches of ground clearance — about the same as a standard Jeep Wrangler, which gives the Cross Country some solid off-road chops. However, its long wheelbase — the 116-inches gap between the front and rear axles — erodes that capability somewhat.
If it can't go everywhere, the Cross Country can certainly handle terrain that would frustrate most luxury cars. Plus, its automatic all-wheel drive system makes for confident motoring in foul weather conditions.
Curiously, early Volvo cars and wagons came with rear-wheel drive, a challenge in wintry Sweden. Back in the middle of the 20th century, if you wanted front-wheel drive, your Swedish car of choice was a Saab. But Volvo eventually also moved to front-drive and now sophisticated all-wheel drive as well.
Unlike vintage Volvo wagons, the new V90 Cross Country is no truck. It is a luxury car with quality construction, fine materials, comfort and convenience features, and most of all, the driving experience sought by buyers who can spend north of $60,000 on a refined five-passenger car with copious cargo space.
It is quiet and controlled on the highway with minimal intrusion of mechanical, wind or road noise. The steering has the heft and feel common to expensive luxury cars. And, should you happen to encounter dirt and gravel, the Cross Country grips the terrain and easily absorbs bumps, though the ride deteriorates because of tires that were chosen for looks as well as capability.
Volvo has forsaken V6 and V8 engines in favor of four-cylinder power. But its 2.0-liter is no ordinary four-banger. It uses both a supercharger and a turbocharger, with direct fuel injection. The supercharger, driven by the engine, provides boost at lower engine revolutions and the turbo, which runs off exhaust gases, kicks on to enhance horsepower and torque.
On the V90 Cross Country, the engine delivers 316 hp with 295 lb-ft of torque, or twisting force. The power gets to all four wheels through an eight-speed automatic transmission. EPA city/highway/combined fuel economy is 20/30/25 miles per gallon.
Acceleration from zero-to-60 miles an hour happens in six seconds, with a top speed of 140 miles per hour, according to Volvo's specifications. That's a bit faster than the larger XC90 crossover — but the V90 Cross Country weighs 360 pounds less.
As an unabashed luxury/performance vehicle, the Cross Country starts at $56,295 with a full suite of safety, convenience and comfort features. Among them: Volvo's Pilot Assist semi-autonomous drive system with adaptive cruise control, run-off road protection, blind-spot warning, panoramic sunroof, leather upholstery, automatic climate control, navigation system, satellite radio and walnut wood inlays.
The tested Cross Country also arrived with the $1,200 optional rear air suspension system, premium Bowers & Wilkins audio, park assist, a surround view camera and metallic paint. All of the items brought the tested price to $63,545.
You can spend more by tacking on the $4,500 luxury package, which includes ventilated Nappa leather upholstery, leather trim on the dash and doors, power load cover, front-seat backrest massage and rear sunshades.
With all that, however, the V90 Cross Country has several curious shortcomings. Steering wheel tilt and telescope adjustments are manual, not power; the sun visors do not slide on their support rods to fully block sun from the sides, and the sunroof shade is a perforated cloth that admits too much sunlight.
Nevertheless, for a small number of luxury wagon aficionados there are few, if any, other choices.
Model: 2017 Volvo V90 Cross Country four-door wagon.
Engine:0-liter four-cylinder, turbocharged and supercharged, 316 hp, 295 lb-ft torque.
Photos (c) Volvo.


300+ milestones in clinical research. Milestones wanted!
2737 BCE: Shen-nung pen ts'ao ching (Divine Husbandman's Medical Materials) describes 365 medicines derived from minerals, plants and animals; believed to be authored by Shen Nung, the "father of Chinese medicine."
~600 BCE: Daniel designs and participates in a controlled nutritional study in the court of Nebuchadnezzar II, King of Babylon. Study is reported in the Old Testament sometime later.
400-200 BCE: Charaka Samhita, a textbook in verse of Ayurvedic medicine, is written in India.
~400 BCE: Hippocratic Oath defines responsibilities of physicians to their patients (with no mention of experimentation). Hippocrates, who lived in Greece probably sometime between 460 and 380 BCE, probably did not write the oath.
280 BCE: City of Alexandria gives Greek physician Herophilus and his colleague Erasistratus permission to cut into and look inside a prisoner condemned to death, for purposes of scientific investigation.
~200 BCE: Sushruta Samhita, a textbook in verse of Ayurvedic surgery, is written in India.
137 BCE: Attalus III (Philometer), King of Pergamum, tests the effects of extracts from poisonous plants by offering them in beverages to his guests.
162: Galen moves to Rome, where he develops the science of experimental physiology.
~550: Babylonian Talmud (Niddah (30b)) tells story about Cleopatra, who, to settle an argument between two rabbis about how long it takes for male and female fetuses to develop, had slave girls impregnated and operated on at specified times to examine the development of the fetuses. The investigators reported that boys developed in 40 days and girls took 80 days.
~930: Rhazes (Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi) publishes Kitab al-Hawi fi al-tibb (The Comprehensive Book of Medicine), in which he describes treating one group of patients with early symptoms of meningitis with bloodletting and another without, thereby determining that bloodletting prevents development of the disease.
~1030: Avicenna (Abū 'Alī al-Husayn ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā), a Persian physician, publishes The Book of the Canon of Medicine (Qanun fi al-Tibb), setting forth seven rules for systematically evaluating the effect of drugs on diseases.
1061: Chinese government administrator Song Su publishes Ben Cao Tu Jing (Atlas of Materia Medica), a pharmacopeia.
~1175: Moses Maimonides, physician, writes prayer, including the line: "Inspire me with love for my art and for Thy creatures. Do not allow thirst for profit, ambition for renown and admiration, to interfere with my profession, for these are the enemies of truth and of love for mankind and they can lead astray in the great task of attending to the welfare of Thy creatures."
~1260: Roger Bacon, English scientist, philosopher, and Franciscan monk, writes that, "it is more difficult [for a physician] to [experiment] in [medical] science than in any other...because of the nobility of the material in which he works; for that body demands that no error be made in operating upon it…."
~1296: Bernard de Gordon, French physician and professor of medicine, suggests "a hierarchy of drug testing, from birds, to brute animals, to 'those in the hospital,' to the 'lesser brethren,' and then on to others 'in order, because if it [the drug] should be poisonous it would kill.'"
1537: In the middle of a siege battle, physician Ambroise Paré of France runs out of boiling oil, the usual remedy for treating open wounds at the time, and discovers that treatment with a tincture of egg yolk, oil of rose, and turpentine reduces pain, swelling and mortality.
1662: Jan Baptist van Helmont, a Flemish medicinal chemist and disciple of Paracelsus, proposes a randomized test of blood-letting with 200 to 500 fever and pleurisy patients, backed by his wager of 300 florins against blood-letting, which is not accepted.
1667: Samuel Pepys records in his diary an experiment in which the Royal Society of London pays Arthur Coga 20 shillings to allow 12 ounces of sheep blood to be "let into his body," with no apparent ill effects.
1721: With the support of Princess Caroline (who was persuaded by Lady Mary Wortley Montague, wife of the British ambassador to Turkey) and at the direction of Sir Hans Sloane, physician to the King of England, Dr. Terry of Enfield, who had practiced in Turkey, inoculates six prisoners with smallpox. All were infected and survived to gain the reward of release from Newgate prison. Dr. Charles Maitland subsequently demonstrated immunity for one of them.


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Direct seeding success in Minnesota
Wild turkeys do best in a landscape with nearly equal amounts of forested and open habitats, said Rick Horton, NWTF district biologist for Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa.
However, those picture-perfect type landscapes are hard to find in some areas of the country. To create these areas where they do not already exist, biologists work with partners to maintain and increase grassy cover that provides excellent brood-rearing habitat in heavily forested areas. Conversely, in areas without substantial cover, land managers work to create more forests and trees suitable for roosting and for loafing cover.
"Planting seedlings is fine, but they are prone to deer depredation and no matter how hard you try, the trees almost always end up planted in straight rows," Horton said.
The fix is a process called "direct seeding," and old crop fields are an excellent option for this type seeding. A giant tractor-mounted spreader broadcasts a mix of acorns, walnuts, hickory nuts, ash seed and other hardwoods across a plowed field, Horton said. In the next step, the field is drug to cover seeds with soil.
The result is a diverse young forest with more natural attributes. It grows fast in full sun, and the seedling density is often high enough to absorb deer depredation, he said.
The Minnesota NWTF State Chapter funded three such projects in 2018, totaling 20 acres on wildlife management areas in Lyon, Le Sueur and Blue Earth Counties.
"We contributed $2,120 from the state Super Fund, and our agency partners provided $6.75 for every NWTF dollar," Horton said.
Completing even small-scale projects can have a positive impact on wild turkey populations while benefiting other wildlife in the process.
— Susan Delk
Article State


Whether you're a simple, classy dresser or a more creative and colorful kind of guy, undies are a great way to show off your bold side. In part two of our shoot with model Patrick Downey, we went out on the streets of Downtown Los Angeles to give you a look at some of the latest colorful undies to be featured in the Curated Underwear Club. Wether you like to express yourself for all to see, or want to keep your daring personality hidden, these undies could be just the ticket for a loud and proud display underneath it all.
The best part is, we always select undies for you based on your style preferences. If you like bright colors, pairs like these could be on their way to you soon. Not a member yet? Take our style quiz and get started today.


After 40 years championing the rights of the poor, the grassroots group ACORN (Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now) was the target of a video scandal that captivated the nation. By the time the video was exposed as fake, it was too late--it had already gone viral. Featuring interviews with ACORN president Bertha Lewis as well as video makers James O'Keefe and Hannah Giles, ACORN's downfall is documented in this microcosm of today's deeply divided American politics.
L'affaire et la chute d'ACORN, groupe activiste américain ayant œuvré pour la défense des pauvres pendant quarante ans, victime d'un faux scandale vidéo devenu viral.


Inspiration is one of the best sources of motivation, and it can be found everywhere. Every day, seek inspiration, and it will help sustain motivation over the long term. Sources of inspiration can include: blogs, online success stories, forums, friends and family, magazines, books, quotes, music, photos, people you meet.
These will motivate you to at least show up, and to take action. It can be applied to any goal. This might be one of the more expensive ways of motivating yourself, but it works. And if you do some research, you might find some cheap classes in your area, or you might know a friend who will provide coaching or counseling for free.
Write them down. Know your reasons. Give them some thought and write them down. If you have loved ones, and you are doing it for them, that is more powerful than just doing it for self-interest. Doing it for yourself is good too, but you should do it for something that you REALLY REALLY want to happen, for really good reasons.
We all have urges to stop, but they are mostly unconscious. One of the most powerful things you can do is to start being more conscious of those urges. A good exercise is to go through the day with a little piece of paper and put a tally mark for each time you get an urge. It simply makes you aware of the urges. Then have a plan for when those urges hit, and plan for it beforehand, and write down your plan, because once those urges hit, you will not feel like coming up with a plan.
This rule takes into account our natural tendency to miss days now and then. We are not perfect. So, you missed one day; now the second day is upon you and if you are feeling lazy, tell yourself NO! You will not miss two days in a row! Zen Habits says so! And just get started. You'll thank yourself later.


Place chickpeas in a bowl. Cover with cold water. Stand overnight in a cool place. Drain and rinse under cold water.
Preheat oven to 180°C/160°C fan-forced. Place chickpeas in a saucepan. Cover with cold water. Bring to the boil over high heat. Reduce heat to medium. Simmer, covered, for 30 minutes or until tender. Drain. Set aside.
Heat oil in a large, heavy-based flameproof casserole dish over medium-high heat. Add onion and pumpkin. Cook, stirring, for 10 minutes or until soft. Add garlic and thyme. Stir to combine. Add chickpeas, stock and tomatoes. Bring to the boil. Place in oven. Roast for 30 minutes or until pumpkin and chickpeas are tender. Remove from oven. Stir in spinach.


Scuba Diver Retro Valentine Raglan Shirt – Acme Baby Co.
Little Scuba Diver with the play on words "Shell out your heart valentine. You're the pearl in my oyster and you're going to be mine." Absolutely adorable! Sizes 3 months to 12 years. Choose from black, green, red, or light blue baseball sleeves.


What better way to check out a creek or stream than to see what's happening inside it. Spy on what's going on underwater with your own underwater scope.
Using a can opener, cut the end off of an empty coffee can so both ends are open.
If you want to add color to your can, cut a piece of construction paper to fit the size of the coffee can all the way around. Then glue it on.
Cut a large piece of plastic wrap and cover one end of the can. Secure the plastic wrap with a heavy-duty rubber band. Place the scope in the water with the plastic wrap side facing down and take a look at whatever decides to swim by!
If you want to make a scope for deeper water, follow the same steps but use a longer piece of PVC pipe in place of the coffee can!
Name that tide pool animal!


text:
Johan ("Yo") Clarey (* 8. Januar 1981 in Annecy) ist ein ehemaliger französischer Skirennläufer, der auf die Disziplinen Abfahrt und Super-G spezialisiert war. Er hält im alpinen Skirennsport drei Altersrekorde: Clarey ist der älteste Medaillengewinner bei Olympischen Spielen und bei Weltmeisterschaften sowie der älteste Skirennläufer, dem eine Weltcup-Podestplatzierung gelang.

Biografie
Clarey wuchs in Tignes auf und erlernte das Skifahren als Fünfjähriger. Im Januar 1997 nahm er erstmals an FIS-Rennen teil, wobei ihm der erste Sieg auf dieser Stufe im Januar 1998 gelang. Ab Dezember 1999 folgten Einsätze im Europacup. Bei den Juniorenweltmeisterschaften 2001 in Verbier wurde er Vierter der Abfahrt, zeitgleich mit dem Kanadier Jan Hudec. Am 20. Dezember 2002 erzielte er in einer Europacup-Abfahrt erstmals einen Podestplatz (Dritter in der Abfahrt von Laax). Sein Debüt im Weltcup hatte er am 29. November 2003 in Lake Louise, wo er in der Abfahrt auf Platz 50 fuhr. Weltcuppunkte holte er erstmals am 10. Januar 2004 in Chamonix mit Platz 29 in der Abfahrt. Am 22. Januar 2004 gewann er erstmals ein Europacuprennen, eine Abfahrt in Zauchensee. Fünf Tage später folgte ein weiterer Sieg in Tarvisio, was zusammen mit einem weiteren Podestplatz den zweiten Rang in der Disziplinenwertung ergab.

Wegen eines Kreuzbandrisses im linken Knie konnte Clarey in der Saison 2004/05 kein einziges Rennen bestreiten, auch die darauf folgende Saison war von Verletzungen geprägt. Den Anschluss an die Weltspitze schaffte er schließlich im Winter 2006/07. Am 10. März 2007 erzielte er als Sechster der Abfahrt von Kvitfjell seine erste Top-10-Platzierung im Weltcup. Im Europacup gewann er drei Rennen; damit sicherte er sich den Sieg in der Abfahrts- und in der Kombinationswertung. Nachdem der Winter 2007/08 eher mäßig verlaufen war, verpasste er den Auftakt der Saison 2008/09 wegen eines Armbruchs. Ende November 2009 kehrte er ins Renngeschehen zurück, zog sich aber am 8. Januar 2009 beim Abfahrtstraining in Val-d'Isère einen weiteren Kreuzbandriss zu (diesmal im rechten Knie).

Am 19. Dezember 2009 wurde Clarey auf der Saslong-Abfahrt in Gröden Dritter (zeitgleich mit Ambrosi Hoffmann) und erzielte damit seinen ersten Podestplatz im Weltcup. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2010 in Vancouver wurde er 27. in der Abfahrt und schied in der Super-Kombination aus. Sein bestes Weltcupergebnis im Winter 2010/11 war ein fünfter Platz in der Abfahrt von Lake Louise. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2011 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen erreichte er Rang acht in der Abfahrt. Am Saisonende wurde er französischer Abfahrtsmeister. In der Weltcupsaison 2011/12 fuhr er sieben Mal unter die besten zehn, wobei er in Beaver Creek als Viertplatzierter nur knapp das Podest verpasste.

Fünf weitere Top-10-Platzierungen gelangen Clarey in der Saison 2012/13. Am 19. Januar 2013 erzielte er in Wengen die höchste bisher gemessene Momentangeschwindigkeit in einem Rennen des alpinen Skiweltcups, als er auf der Lauberhornabfahrt den Haneggschuss mit 161,9 km/h passierte (das Rennen beendete er auf Platz 5). Aufgrund von Schmerzen am Ischiasnerv musste er die Saison eine Woche später abbrechen und sich am Rücken operieren lassen. Trotz dieses Rückschlags konnte er sein Niveau in der Saison 2013/14 halten. Er fuhr fünfmal in die Top 10. Darunter waren zwei Podestplätze, Rang 2 in Gröden am 21. Dezember 2013 (gleichbedeutend mit seinem Karriere-Bestergebnis) und Rang 3 in Kvitfjell am 1. März 2014. Enttäuschend verliefen hingegen die Olympischen Winterspiele 2014 in Sotschi, wo er in der Abfahrt ausschied und im Super-G Platz 19 erreichte.

Im Winter 2014/15 fuhr Clarey bei Weltcuprennen dreimal in die Top 10, im Winter 2015/16 zweimal (darunter ein vierter Platz bei der Hahnenkammabfahrt in Kitzbühel). Wieder auf dem Podest stand er am 21. Januar 2017, als Drittplatzierter in Kitzbühel. Zwei Top-10-Platzierungen gelangen ihm in der Saison 2017/18. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2018 in Pyeongchang kam er nicht über Platz 18 in der Abfahrt hinaus. Am 27. Januar 2019 erreichte Clarey mit Platz 2 im Super-G von Kitzbühel seinen fünften Podestplatz im Weltcup; zehn Tage später gewann er bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2019 in Åre die Silbermedaille im Super-G, zeitgleich mit Vincent Kriechmayr. Mit 38 Jahren und 29 Tagen ist er damit der älteste Medaillengewinner in der Geschichte alpiner Skiweltmeisterschaften. Einen weiteren Altersrekord stellte Clarey am 24. Januar 2021 in Kitzbühel auf, als er im Alter von 40 Jahren und 13 Tagen den zweiten Platz in der Abfahrt belegte; nie zuvor hatte ein über 40-jähriger Athlet eine Podestplatzierung im alpinen Skiweltcup geschafft. Im Alter von 41 Jahren stellte Clarey am 21. Januar 2022 mit dem erneut zweiten Platz bei der Abfahrt auf der Streif in Kitzbühel diesen Rekord ein.

Am 7. Februar 2022 stellte Clarey mit dem Gewinn der Silbermedaille in der Abfahrt bei den Olympischen Winterspielen in Peking den nächsten Altersrekord auf – kein alpiner Skirennläufer war beim Gewinn einer Medaille älter als er. In der Saison 2022/23 fuhr er zweimal auf das Podest einer Abfahrt, jeweils als Zweiter in Gröden am 17. Dezember 2022 und in Kitzbühel am 21. Januar 2023. Damit erhöhte er seinen eigenen Podest-Altersrekord auf 42 Jahre und 14 Tage. Am 12. März 2023 verkündete Clarey, dass er seine Karriere nach der Abfahrt beim Saisonfinale in Soldeu am 15. März 2023 beenden wird. In diesem Rennen belegte er den zwölften Platz.

Clarey ist seit November 2021 mit der ehemaligen französischen Skicrosserin Perrine Faraut verheiratet.

Erfolge

Olympische Spiele
 Vancouver 2010: 27. Abfahrt
 Sotschi 2014: 19. Super-G
 Pyeongchang 2018: 18. Abfahrt
 Peking 2022: 2. Abfahrt

Weltmeisterschaften
 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 2011: 8. Abfahrt
 Vail/Beaver Creek 2015: 16. Abfahrt, 30. Super-G
 Åre 2019: 2. Super-G, 17. Abfahrt
 Cortina d'Ampezzo 2021: 16. Abfahrt
 Courchevel 2023: 23. Abfahrt

Weltcup
 64 Platzierungen unter den besten zehn, davon 11 Podestplätze

Weltcupwertungen

Europacup
 Saison 2003/04: 9. Gesamtwertung, 2. Abfahrtswertung
 Saison 2006/07: 10. Gesamtwertung, 1. Abfahrtswertung, 1. Kombinationswertung
 8 Podestplätze, davon 5 Siege:

Junioren-Weltmeisterschaften
 Québec 2000: 21. Slalom, 28. Abfahrt, 28. Riesenslalom
 Verbier 2001: 4. Abfahrt, 18. Slalom, 44. Riesenslalom

Weitere Erfolge
 3 französischer Meistertitel (Abfahrt 2011 und 2014, Super-G 2019)
 3 Podestplätze im South American Cup
 6 Siege in FIS-Rennen

Weblinks

 Website von Johan Clarey (französisch)

Einzelnachweise

Alpiner Skirennläufer (Frankreich)
Französischer Meister (Ski Alpin)
Olympiateilnehmer (Frankreich)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2010
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2014
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2018
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2022
Teilnehmer einer Alpinen Skiweltmeisterschaft
Franzose
Geboren 1981
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Marketing Plan begins by clearly defining the niche the business owner expects to fill. Any business failing to do this will have a difficult startup phase. This is especially true in any agriculture industry and for any farm. Developing a Marketing Plan as part of the business plan will assist greatly in focusing productive energy towards generating sales and income.
Description of the Alpaca Industry and where your alpaca farm fits in - What part of the agriculture/alpaca industry will you operate in? How big is your operation? What exactly are you producing?
Market Sales - Volume of sales. Annual sales projections.
Competition - Other producers who vie for market share. A view towards a competitive edge.
Customer Analysis and Response - Identify the customer base and how to respond to customer demands.
Basic questions to answer here will reflect answers to our "checklist for prospective owners". Will your operation be based solely on sales of breeding stock? Will your business include sales of fleece or finished goods? (A retail "farm store" will need a seperate plan). Will it be part of a more diversified farm operation? How do you foresee this developing in the medium to long term?
Be conservative in this section, especially if you are just starting out. It is easy to let one's enthusiasm for the animals overcome better judgment about how many sales will be closed.
Figures are extremely difficult to come by for this section. Possible sources are auction results and inquiry statistics from the AOBA members' site.
Factors to consider here include local zoning ordinances, interstate transportation requirements, etc. For example, one breeder who determined to sell manure discovered that local law required that a nutrient analysis be completed and the manure be labeled.
On the surface, the alpaca industry is very amicable. When developing a business plan it is important to realize that other breeders are in fact one's competition. How will you establish a competitive edge? Size, selection, quality, and service are all areas to explore.
For animal sales, this is another tough area to define, since buyers seem to defy demographic definitions. However, it will be much easier to define a customer base if there is sale of any raw, intermediate or finished products.
It would be good to take time to visualize potential problems with customers and how one plans to deal with them. This industry is currently a high dollar, high stakes environment, and it would be wise to be prepared to deal with customer demands in a pro-active manner.
Hint - think in terms of units rather than dollars. This is less stressful for most of us. To be profitable, the price of each unit must exceed its cost. Most owners must balance sales/income with desired herd growth, which means one must be prepared for the occassional year of all males.
It will be tempting, especially for a newcomer to the business, to attempt to generate sales with the strategy of price cutting. This is a two edged sword. Low prices are often associated with low quality. A better strategy may well be to set prices in the same range as other competitors in your area while identifying services or other offers that will draw customers.
This is a very important area that is often overlooked by the new owner. You must have a plan and a budget for marketing. But, marketing and promotion can take many forms and come in many price ranges. At least one major US breeder established their business doing the county fair circuit!
Few alpaca farms will need a detailed plan for this. Raw fleece may be shipped on ground transportation. However, if alpacas are part of a more diversified farming operation, a detailed plan for distribution may well be necessary.


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