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Using a Checklist to Find Five-Tool Companies
Guides for Investors, Investing 101
"The trick in investing is just to sit there and watch pitch after pitch go by and wait for the right one in your sweet spot."
Warren Buffett is a big baseball fan, as am I, and he uses baseball analogies throughout his writings. He likens baseball to investing in the manner that we can take our time and don't have to swing at every pitch.
Finding the best companies and waiting for our pitch remains one of the biggest challenges in investing.
Baseball scouts have long searched for five-tool players; they are the unicorns. Players who excel at all aspects of the game display such prodigious talents that they can't miss. Players such as Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, and Barry Bonds come to mind as five-tool talents who went on to tremendous success.
The same idea can translate to investing. We can search for these five tool companies and, once we find them, take our swing.
What is a Five Tool Company?
What Are the Components of a Five Tool Company?
Example of Five Tool Companies
Okay, let's dive in and learn more about five tool companies.
According to MLB.com, baseball scouts have graded position players on five tools, which are integral to success in the game. When we think of position players, we refer to outfielders, infielders, and catchers. These positions can field, run the bases, and hit.
The five tools they refer to are:
Hitting for power
These are the five tools that all scouts look for, and it is rare to find all of these in one player. For example, it is more common to find players who excel at running, fielding, and throwing.
But to find that unicorn can make or break a team because of the money involved.
Scouts will rate all players on these five tools and give them a numbering system. The numbering system ranges from 20-80, with 20 being the lowest and 80 the highest. The rating system has some arbitrary rules, much of which is subjective, which led to the rise of numbers in baseball, i.e., Moneyball.
So how does this all relate to investing?
We can implement the same idea into investing by creating our own five-tool system. We can narrow down the companies we analyze and buy by using a system like this. For example, we can pass if we find a company with great revenue growth but nothing else. Or if they have an amazing balance sheet and moat but zero growth, we can pass.
The system includes all the important ingredients we need in any successful long-term investment.
The five tools are:
Long-runway or scale
Great management
Strong balance sheet
Considering some of the best investments over time, they all have these five tools.
For example, Berkshire Hathaway has returned 20.1% CAGR returns since 1965, compared to the S&P 500's 10.5%.
According to Kiplinger.com, below is a list of some of the best-performing stocks over the last 30 years:
Nvidia – 27.5%
LVMH Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy – 12.4%
Microsoft – 19.2%
United Health Group – 21.2%
Mastercard – 33%
Google – 19%
Amazon – 31.1%
Apple – 23.5%
There are not many surprises, but we could argue these companies offer the most complete five-tool categories.
Who wouldn't have wanted to own Amazon? In hindsight, all of us. But at the time, it would have been challenging to identify Amazon's strengths.
This is why having a complete understanding of the companies, leaders, and future growth prospects will help us.
Understanding the components of the five tools will give us a well-rounded idea of each company and helps us determine if they meet our criteria, and we can swing at our pitch. Or if they don't quite fulfill all the criteria, we need to wait.
What we are attempting to do with this idea is identify quality companies. The quickest, easiest way is to understand the business and any competitive advantages it might have.
As evidenced above, we can build long-term wealth by finding and holding long-term quality companies.
The idea behind the five-tool checklist remains to find quality companies with competitive advantages and hold those for as long as possible.
A company's competitive advantages filter down into the moat, scalability, capital management, and management, to name a few.
For example, companies with network effect advantages create moats around their product and service, allowing them to allocate capital to grow and help them protect their moat by introducing new and updated products. Great management understands these competitive advantages and works to widen or defend the moat.
Let's take a few minutes to explore the five tools. The better we understand these tools, the better we can deploy them.
Again, the five tools are:
Long-runway to growth
A competitive advantage makes a company's products or services superior to the customer's other choices.
The most classic example of a moat stems from Apple's development of the iPhone. With Apple's creation of the iPhone, they put the power of a computer in everyone's hands. Now, across the world, we all can communicate and find answers to everything.
Think of the power this unleashes across the globe as more "underdeveloped" companies acquire and adopt these devices.
Apple's introduction of the iPhone spelled the death of Blackberry, the leader at the time.
Moats, or competitive advantages, have three main components:
Benefits – what benefits does your product or service provide? The company's product or service must offer tangible value that the customer can recognize.
Target market – If the company doesn't define its customers or needs, it will struggle to succeed. For example, if they don't create their service with the customer in mind, no matter how cool, they will fail.
Competition – Each company must define its competitors and how they plan to compete against them. Sometimes a company might not have direct competitors but other outside competition across sectors. A great example from recent history is the newspaper industry. Until the arrival of the internet, newspapers considered other newspapers their competition. They recognized too late the internet allowed customers to read the news online, thereby eliminating the need for newspapers.
Growth remains the driver behind 99.9% of all great investments. If you have a company growing at the rate of the economy, no matter how great, it won't give us great returns.
For example, a more mature, slowing business with a moat around its products will hang on for a while but succumb to father time at some point.
We aim to find companies with a history of growth greater than 10%, but we also want to find companies with products and services customers want now and into the future.
For example, the iPhone still has tremendous demand, and every year continues to defy experts.
But Apple doesn't sit on its laurels; they continue to innovate. Who doesn't love the AirPods, iTunes, and Apple Watch? These products don't drive Apple's growth but continue adding revenue streams, which overall helps maintain Apple's moat.
Great management has long been one of Buffett's main criteria. This category falls into the "soft skills" arena. We don't have many metrics or numbers we can fall back on to determine great leaders.
We can look at the proxy for management pay and incentives, which helps. But we can also look at what management says and does via earnings calls. We can also look at how truthful and honest they remain during good and bad times.
For lack of a better identifier, we will know it when we see it. We want management who will be honest and forthright in communications, who will act for the benefit of shareholders and stakeholders, and who will always try to do the right thing for the company.
Some great examples:
Warren Buffett & Charline Munger (gold standard)
Jamie Dimon
Mark Leonard (Constellation Software)
Rich Templeton
We can use several metrics and numbers to help define great capital allocators. Remember that allocating capital remains job number one for the CEO.
We track the ROIC (return on invested capital), which helps us define the efficiency of allocation. We can also use metrics like the current ratio and quick ratio.
Capital allocation is the most important job of the CEO. If they don't use the company's capital to drive growth, eventually, they will struggle and fail. For example, wasting money on fruitless projects will destroy value.
We want management to determine what's best for the company, allocations-wise. For example, buying back its shares might be better than acquiring another business. Or they might serve investors better by paying a growing dividend instead of reinvesting.
Identifying great capital allocators encompasses both quantitative and "soft skills."
We can use quantitive tools to identify strong balance sheets. For example, we look at ratios such as debt-to-equity or debt-to-assets to help us.
We can also look at how much cash they have compared to the debt load. Using ratios such as the current or quick ratio allows us to determine how liquid the company remains.
Companies with strong balance sheets can weather bad storms. For example, companies with strong balance sheets could withstand the downturn during the pandemic.
Bottom line: we want companies with:
Good liquidity
More cash than debt (ideal)
Strong assets
Growing retained earnings
Lots of shareholder equity
Using the above five tools, we can identify strong companies that could provide great returns.
The easiest way to find five tool companies is to research and study some of the best ones. For our example, I would like to look at Constellation Software, the Canadian company led by Mark Leonard. We will use stratosphere.io for all financials and examine the company through our five-tool lens.
Constellation Software (CNSWF) is a serial acquirer of VMS companies. VMS means Vertical Market Software which companies from niche markets use. A great example is reservation software at the gym or school education system.
A serial acquirer sounds boring and risky, and considering most acquisitions don't work out as planned, (between 70-90%), it might not indicate a quality company.
But Constellation provides a great exception to the rule.
Let's unpack them through the five-tool lens.
Constellation has two primary sources of growth – organic and inorganic. Almost all of their current growth stems from acquisitions (inorganic). By buying VMS companies, Constellation has an almost limitless supply of growth.
At last estimate, Constellation estimates they have over 40,000 VMS businesses out there.
Constellation generates revenues through four sources:
Hardware and Maintenance fees
Recurring fees
Constellation's Moat
Constellation has a moat generated from two main sources:
Decentralized structure
VMS acquisition reputation
Most serial acquirers have a bottleneck problem, which prevents them from acquiring past 10 to 12 companies annually. But Constellation has built a structure pushing acquisition decisions down the stack.
Moving the decisions down to the Business Unit level allows Constellation to allocate large amounts of capital to small and medium-sized acquisitions.
And because Constellation has purchased VMS companies for over two decades, they have cultivated relationships with potential targets over those decades.
Like Berkshire Hathaway, any potential acquisition knows Constellation offers a great home for financing, knowledge, and the opportunity to continue to operate their business independently.
Constellation also doesn't sell, with only one divestiture over the years.
That is an important facet because, unlike private equity, Constellation takes these companies under their wings and helps them grow. Often, these VMS businesses are a family affair, and their legacy remains important to them.
Long runway for Growth
VMS software businesses have a long runway to continue to grow. Consider the businesses that still don't have a software component and the eventuality they will someday.
Constellation has repeatedly stated they believe they have around 40,000 potential targets, and their current penetration of those targets is low. Consider as of 2017, Constellation has acquired over 500 companies. In 2022, the company is on pace to acquire over 100 companies.
At some point, Constellation can begin looking outside the VMS industry to find its acquisition targets. Or they could look to larger acquisitions to generate the returns they need.
The decentralized nature of the business allows them to deploy large amounts of capital to continue growing at efficient rates.
The company has seen revenue growth rates of:
5yr – 19.17%
Mark Leonard, Constellation's CEO, started the company in 1996. He has built a decentralized system that allows individual business units to thrive on their own merits. It also allows the allocation of capital more efficiently.
Mark has also created a culture of advancement and belief in the company.
The company mandates that executive bonuses must reinvest the bonus into company stock, which they must hold for at least five years. In 2015, they reported over 100 millionaires as employees with the company because of this initiative.
The company doesn't buy back stock, and they also don't use equity for acquisitions or stock-based compensation as a means of encouraging employment. Mark doesn't believe in diluting shareholders.
A quick story telling us how much Mark believes in preserving shareholder value – when he travels, he only flies coach, as he doesn't believe in spending shareholder's money for luxuries like first-class seating.
Because of Constellation's decentralized structure, they can quickly allocate a lot of capital. Each operating group of the company caters to a specific group of vertical markets. Over the past ten years, the company has spent over $5.9 billion on acquisitions. Over the same period, they have generated revenue growth of 21.33 CAGR, all of which yields an ROIC of 25.6% in 2021 and a high of 39% in 2017.
Constellation finds VMS firms particularly intriguing since they meet unique and important software needs in vertical sectors. The software is incredibly sticky because customers require it, and it only takes up a small portion of their budget.
This indicates that VMS companies provide Constellation with reliable and consistent cash flows, which Constellation can use for more acquisitions to get the flywheel turning.
We can see Constellation carries a strong balance sheet from several metrics, and the company carries almost as much cash as debt.
The almost net zero on debt versus cash alleviates any bankruptcy fears.
Using a few metrics, we can see how strong the balance sheet remains, all numbers TTM unless otherwise stated:
Current ratio – 0.6
Quick ratio – 0.5
Debt to equity – 3.7
Long-term debt to Capitalization – 0.5
Interest coverage – 14.1
These metrics, plus the near net debt zero, indicate the company has a strong balance sheet. Constellation funds the majority of its acquisitions with cash flow. And Constellation has grown free cash flow at a 19.09 CAGR clip over the last ten years.
As a serial acquirer not relying on their balance sheet, the continued growth in free cash flow helps reduce the reliance on the balance sheet in tough times.
All of these reasons and more indicate Constellation Software is a quality business.
They screen well in our five-tool checklist and offer us an opportunity to a great business to potentially buy.
Other great companies to run through the checklist include:
Roper Technologies
But the best idea is to do this with any company you want to buy to see how they measure up.
Buying quality companies for a fair price is one of the best ways to grow wealth. Warren Buffett, along with his sidekick Charlie Munger, spent a lot of time teaching us the tricks of the trade. And one of their focuses remains on finding these kinds of five-tool companies.
Many of their investments meet these checklists, including Apple, American Express, Coca-cola, and Visa, to name a few.
These five tools can help you find great companies and offer a fantastic starting point for your analysis. Of course, I would be remiss if I didn't mention the price we pay matters. We need to find a fair price for any of these investments.
With that, we will wrap up our discussion regarding five-tool companies.
Thank you for reading today's post; I hope you find something of value. If I can be of any further assistance, please don't hesitate to reach out.
https://www.mlb.com/news/building-the-best-5-tool-player-mlb#:~:text=Scouts%20have%20long%20graded%20position,each%20category%20are%20extremely%20rare.
https://www.baseballamerica.com/stories/explaining-the-20-80-baseball-scouting-scale/
https://www.kiplinger.com/investing/stocks/603777/30-best-stocks-of-the-past-30-years
Competitive Advantage: How to Find Sustainable Moats in the Stock Market
https://hbr.org/2020/03/dont-make-this-common-ma-mistake#:~:text=According%20to%20most%20studies%2C%20between,90%20percent%20of%20acquisitions%20fail.
https://www.csisoftware.com/category/stat-filings/2022/11/04/constellation-software-inc-q3-2022-shareholders'-report
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_Software
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As you all know, new and updated data fields were added to the online Currency Transaction Report (CTR) last year and recently there was a deadline to meet a new format requirement for CTR batch files. The updates outlined in the Federal Register went live August 2017, but batch filers had nine months before fully transitioning to the new file format. It is June 2018, so here we are using the CTR's new and updated fields and adhering to the requirement to submit batches in an XML-based file, rather than the previous ASCII fixed-length delimited file format.
June 2018 is also the go-live date for FinCEN to update their Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) on the BSA E-Filing System, and adhere to changes defined in the Federal Register Notice posted on February 2, 2018. Online Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) were patiently waiting in the wing, but you will see more changes this month on FinCEN's website as this online report was also enhanced with new fields and features. Not to worry, you still have some time to update your SAR batch files in the new XML-based file since the BSA E-Filing System will continue to accept ASCII based batch files until January 1, 2019.


RP Analytics are currently working with a Digital Agency looking for a Digital Account Manager to join their team at an exciting time.
You will be responsible for client satisfaction, lead the development and delivery of digital marketing strategies and campaigns for a portfolio of key clients. You will be responsible for devising effective digital marketing strategies that will deliver a tangible return for clients, and presenting ideas back to the wider team.
Be a trusted business partner for key clients through a solid understanding of industry trends, business challenges and digital opportunities.
Take a holistic approach to digital marketing, with a strong grasp of the wide range of digital marketing techniques.
Ensure clients receive exceptional service from breadth of the company's digital marketing service offerings.
Retain and grow a portfolio of client accounts.
Manage client relationships through the entire customer life cycle, from providing support on pre-sales pitches, taking client briefs, managing timelines, preparing budgets.
Deliver outstanding communications whether client facing, within the internal team, or as the public face of the company.
Project manage virtual teams on client accounts including oversight of client workspaces, delivering monthly performance reports and leading client meetings.
Facilitate collaboration between different departments.
Maintain and develop appropriate professional qualifications suited to your experience and expertise.
Implement strategic actions across their range of marketing services to ensure you retain your in-depth, hands-on experience of digital campaigns.
A passion for digital and the opportunities it presents to clients is essential.
Relevant experience in a digital marketing/account management role.
The commercial awareness to spot opportunities and deliver effective pitches for work.
Detailed understanding of the digital landscape.
A proven track record in successful client and team relationship building.
Strong professional communications skills, with the ability to exchange information at board level.


1.1.1.1 How to Download SBI Clerk JA Prelims Admit Card 2018?
SBI JA Clerk Admit Card 2018 Preliminary Test Download Hall Ticket @ sbi.co.in. Common Guys, here is an announcement for you. State Bank of India issued the clerk junior associate posts admit cards on their web site. So, candidates who had registered for the JA notification on February 2018 month, they can now collect and download their admit cards from the official page of SBI. The SBI scheduling the preliminary written exam for junior associate posts from 23rd June 2018 to 30th June 2018 on different dates.
For an exam, applicants definitely need to carry the SBI Clerk JA Prelims Admit Card 2018, which are available online. Applicants have to keep in mind that, they must have to collect their admit cards only through online, no admit cards will send through post or offline mode. But after collecting your JA admit cards, it is required to have the hard copies for the exam.
State Bank of India well known as SBI is a finance and public sector banking organization which is one of India's most popular bank, which was founded in the year 1955. SBI headquarters located in Mumbai. Across the world, SBI had many branches, and more than 2 lakh employees are working with this banking sector. Previously on 20th January 2018, the State Bank of India published an advertisement for 7200 vacancies of junior associate posts in clerk department. Many aspirants and bank job hunters had applied for this notification and the applications were closed on 10th February 2018.
Like every year, to recruit the employees the SBI going to commence the prelims exam followed by the mains and the interview process. The junior associate prelims exam is happening on 23rd, 24th and 30th June 2018, therefore the SBI Clerk JA Prelims Admit Card 2018 are revealed a few hours ago. So, all the registered ones can able to provide their details and then get their admit cards for the exam.
Lakhs of candidates who had enrolled for the junior associate posts, they need to cross check the details on SBI Clerk JA Prelims Admit Card 2018, prior to download it. The prelims hall ticket includes many details about the exam. After the prelims happened on June, the result will be out by the 2nd or 3rd week of July 2018 month and for those who had cleared the prelims will have the JA mains exam on 5th August 2018, therefore, the hall tickets of mains will be out by 23rd July 2018. Keep referring this web site, to get the latest updates about this SBI JA notification.
How to Download SBI Clerk JA Prelims Admit Card 2018?
Enrolled ones who are appearing for the JA prelims exam on 23rd, 24th, and 30th of this month, they need to download their admit cards from the given below link or log on to the official page of SBI. On the SBI career page, search for the link of SBI Clerk JA Prelims Admit Card 2018 under the latest updates. Then enter the applicant registration number and his/her date of birth details and click on submit. If you met the JA eligibility norms, then your admit cards appear on the screen. Check the details then have the copies for the exam.


In this episode of the Conceive Baby Podcast we talk about fertility, as always, but from a different perspective. We discuss a wonderful, collaborative, celebratory event, which is on a mission to change the conversation around fertility and infertility. Fertility Fest. I speak with inspiring founder Jessica Hepburn who shares with us her personal journey, as well as insights into the evolution of Fertility Fest and what you can expect at this year's event.
Jessica Hepburn is one of the leading patient voices on fertility, infertility and assisted conception.
She is the author of two books The Pursuit of Motherhood (2014) and 21 Miles: Swimming in search of the meaning of motherhood which is launching in a few weeks.
In 2016, following her ten year tenure as Executive Director of the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith in London she founded Fertility Fest, the world's first arts festival dedicated to fertility, infertility, modern families and the science of making babies.
The third edition of the festival will be held in Barbican, London from 23rd April to 18th May 2018.
PreviousMake this year YOUR year!


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Car Trends + [Special Editions]
Land Rover Freelander 2 SD4 Sport Limited Edition
Land Rover is launching the limited edition Freelander 2 SD4 Sport at the Bologna Motor Show.
The Land Rover Freelander 2 SD4 Sport comes with an updated interior and exterior styling and with a choice between three colors: Fuji White, Santorini black and Firenze Red. For the interior, the Land Rover Freelander 2 SD4 Sport offers a choice between two color combinations: ebony and ivory or ebony and pimento.
Unique to this limited edition is a black-finished grill and side vents, new styling for the front corners, a rear spoiler, body-colored door handles and mirror caps, privacy glass and 19-inch alloy wheels in Shadow Chrome.
company's new 190 PS diesel engine which comes mated with a 6-speed automatic transmission. Accelerating from 0 to 60 mph in the Land Rover Freelander 2 SD4 Sport Limited Edition will take 8.7 seconds and the car's CO2 emissions levels are 185 grams per Km.
For the interior, Land Rover is offering Ebony Windsor leather with contrast Pimento stitch, or Ebony Napoli leather with matching contrast Windsor leather highlight stripe on the seats.
It also features Intelligent Power Management System (IPMS) provides 'smart charging' of the battery by recovering kinetic energy when the vehicle is slowing wherever possible, rather than consuming fuel by charging when the vehicle is accelerating. Furthermore, CO2 emissions are reduced to 185g/km with a corresponding fuel economy benefit thanks to the fact that it is compatible with 10 percent biodiesel rather than five percent. Press Release
LAND ROVER ANNOUNCES THE NEW FREELANDER 2 SD4 SPORT LIMITED EDITION
A unique addition to the Freelander 2 range with dynamic exterior and interior styling.
Available in three distinct exterior colours - Fuji White, Santorini black and for the first time Firenze Red.
Two interior design themes with striking contrast ebony and ivory or ebony and pimento colourways.
Available with a high-performance and efficient 190PS diesel engine – with six speed automatic gearbox – delivering 0-60mph in 8.7 seconds and CO2 emissions of 185g/km
On sale from early 2011 with prices starting at £33,945
Only 500 vehicles will be available in the UK
Gaydon, Warwickshire, 2 December 2010 - Land Rover today launches the new Freelander 2 SD4 Sport Limited Edition at the Bologna Motor Show.
This Limited Edition brings together the space and practicality of the Freelander 2, with a refreshed interior and exterior design to create a sportier more overt sense of style.
The exterior has been given a striking renewal, with a sophisticated black finish to the grille and the side vents, a new body styling pack which offers cleaner profiling to the front corners, and a choice of three exterior colourways in either Fuji White, Santorini Black or the all-new Firenze Red. A rear spoiler also features, together with 19" Shadow Chrome alloy wheels, body coloured door handles and mirror caps, and privacy glass to further emphasise the dynamic look of this premium limited edition. Front and rear parking sensors will be available as standard.
The interior is available in Ebony Windsor leather with contrast Pimento stitch, or Ebony Napoli leather with matching contrast Windsor leather highlight stripe on the seats. Piano Black fascia finisher also features together with Ebony carpet mats with a contrast edge of either Ivory or Pimento. These design themes, with the contrast colours and unique stripe design offer a distinct and sporty look for the Freelander 2.
The Freelander 2 SD4 Sport is powered by the new state-of-the-art 190PS diesel engine. This Limited Edition (available with automatic transmission only) accelerates from rest to 60mph in 8.7 seconds with an increased top speed of 118mph.
The use of an Intelligent Power Management System (IPMS) provides 'smart charging' of the battery by recovering kinetic energy when the vehicle is slowing wherever possible, rather than consuming fuel by charging when the vehicle is accelerating, and in addition to this, the Freelander 2 Sport SD4 Limited Edition is compatible with 10 percent biodiesel rather than five percent. With these improved efficiencies, CO2 emissions are reduced to 185g/km with a corresponding fuel economy benefit.
"The Freelander 2 SD4 Sport Limited Edition offers customers the practicality, performance and efficiency of our best-selling compact SUV with more dramatic, sporty styling and the overall package represents good value for money," said Colin Green, managing director, Land Rover UK.
The Freelander 2 is currently Land Rover's best-selling model, with over 215,000 sold globally since its launch in 2006.
#Land Rover
#Limited Edition
#motor show
#release
#Special Editions
Land Rover Freelander 2 SD4 Sport Limited Edition {Special Editions}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Introduction to the Old Testament — John Edgar McFadyen
Poetically the little book of Nahum is one of the finest in the Old Testament. Its descriptions are vivid and impetuous: they set us before the walls of the beleaguered Nineveh, and show us the war-chariots of her enemies darting to and fro like lightning, ii.4, the prancing steeds, the flashing swords, the glittering spears, iii.2,3. The poetry glows with passionate joy as it contemplates the ruin of cruel and victorious Assyria.
In the opening chapter, i., ii.2, Jehovah is represented as coming in might and anger to take vengeance upon the enemies of Judah, whom He is to destroy so completely that not a trace of them will be left; and Judah, now delivered, will be free to worship her God in peace. In ch. ii. the enemy, through whom Assyria's destruction is to be wrought, is at the gates of Nineveh, v.8, in all the fierce pomp of war. The city is doomed, the defenders flee, everywhere is desolation and ruin, the ravenous Assyrian lion is slain by the sword. It is because of her sins that this utter ruin is coming upon her, iii.1-7, nor need she think to escape; for the populous and all but impregnable Thebes (No-Amon) was taken, and Nineveh's fate will be the same. Already the people are quaking for fear, some of the strongholds of Assyria are taken; it is time to prepare to defend the capital. But there is no hope, her doom is already sealed, iii.8-19.
From the historical implications of the prophecy, which belongs, as we shall see, to the seventh century, and also from definite allusions (cf. i.15), Nahum must have been a Judean; and, of the three traditions concerning Elkosh his birthplace, which place it respectively in Mesopotamia, in Galilee, and near Eleutheropolis in southern Judah, the last must be held to be very much the most probable. Within certain limits, the date is easy to fix. Ch. iii.8-10, which are historically the most concrete verses in the prophecy, imply the capture of Thebes, which we now know to have been taken by the Assyrians in 663 B.C. On the other hand, Nineveh has not yet fallen: the theme of the prophecy is just the certainty of its fall. It was taken by the Medians under Kyaxares, leagued with Nabopolassar of Babylon in 606 B.C. The prophecy therefore falls between 663 and 606.
The fixing of the precise date depends on two considerations: (1) whether the allusion to Thebes in iii.8-10 implies that its capture was very recent, and (2) whether we must suppose that the prophecy was inspired by a definite historical situation. It is usually felt that the reference to Thebes implies that the memory of its capture is fresh, and that the prophecy must stand very near it -- not later perhaps than 650; and just about this time there was a Babylonian rebellion against Assyria. This date must be regarded as by no means impossible. On the whole, however, a later date appears to be distinctly more probable The last few verses, iii.12f., 18f., imply the thorough weakness, disorganization and impending dissolution of the Assyrian empire, and so early a date as 650 hardly meets the case. We must apparently come down to the time when the fate of Nineveh was obviously inevitable and her conqueror was on the way, ii.1. Probably Marti is not far from the truth in suggesting 610 B.C. The reference to Thebes is intelligible even at this later date, when we remember that the capture of so strong a city, already famous in Homer's time, must have left an indelible impression on the mind of Western Asia. It is no doubt abstractly possible that the prophecy is not intimately connected with any historical situation, and therefore might be much earlier; but to say nothing of the concreteness of the detail, such a supposition would be altogether contrary to the analogy of Hebrew prophecy. When Jehovah reveals His secret to the prophets, it is because He is about to do something (Amos iii.7).
The concreteness of detail just alluded to is characteristic only of the second and third chapters. Ch. i., however, is confessedly vague, and moves for the most part along the familiar lines of theophanic descriptions. It is not plain in i. (cf. ii.8) who are the enemies to be destroyed, as i.1 is probably a later addition. Further, as far as v.10 the prophecy is alphabetic: this circumstance has given rise to the view that i., ii.2 originally formed a complete alphabetic psalm whose second half has either been worked over, or displaced by i.11-15, ii.2, the object of the psalm being to present a general picture of the judgment into which the particular doom of Nineveh is fitted, and to give the prophecy a theological complexion which it appeared to need. The acknowledged vagueness of the chapter and the demonstrably alphabetic nature of at least part of it, certainly render its authenticity very doubtful.
The theological interest of Nahum is great. It is the first prophecy dealing exclusively with the enemies of Judah. There is a hint of the sin of Nineveh, but little more than a hint, iii.1, 4; she is the enemy and oppressor of Judah, and that is enough to justify her doom. Whether we accept the earlier or the later date for the prophecy, the reign of Manasseh or that of Josiah, the moral condition of Judah herself was deplorable enough, and so clear-eyed a prophet as Jeremiah saw that her doom was inevitable. Nahum probably represents the sentiment of narrowly patriotic party, which regarded Jerusalem as inviolable, and Jehovah as a jealous God ready to take vengeance upon the enemies of Judah.


text:
23:1 So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel. So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel.
23:2 And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites. And he assembled all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites.
23:3 Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was thirty and eight thousand. Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was thirty and eight thousand.
23:4 Of which, twenty and four thousand were to set forward the work of the house of the LORD; and six thousand were officers and judges: Of which, twenty and four thousand were to oversee the work of the house of the LORD; and six thousand were officers and judges:
23:5 Moreover four thousand were porters; and four thousand praised the LORD with the instruments which I made, said David, to praise therewith. Moreover, four thousand were porters; and four thousand praised the LORD with the instruments which I made, said David, to praise with them.
23:6 And David divided them into courses among the sons of Levi, namely, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. And David divided them into courses among the sons of Levi, namely, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
23:7 Of the Gershonites were, Laadan, and Shimei. Of the Gershonites, were, Laadan and Shimei.
23:8 The sons of Laadan; the chief was Jehiel, and Zetham, and Joel, three. The sons of Laadan: the chief was Jehiel, and Zetham, and Joel, three.
23:9 The sons of Shimei; Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three. These were the chief of the fathers of Laadan. The sons of Shimei; Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three. These were the chief of the fathers of Laadan.
23:10 And the sons of Shimei were, Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four were the sons of Shimei. And the sons of Shimei were, Jahath, Zina, and Jeush and Beriah. These four were the sons of Shimei.
23:11 And Jahath was the chief, and Zizah the second: but Jeush and Beriah had not many sons; therefore they were in one reckoning, according to their father's house. And Jahath was the chief, and Zizah the second: but Jeush and Beriah had not many sons; therefore they were in one reckoning, according to their father's house.
23:12 The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four. The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four.
23:13 The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for ever, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister unto him, and to bless in his name for ever. The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for ever, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister to him, and to bless in his name for ever.
23:14 Now concerning Moses the man of God, his sons were named of the tribe of Levi. Now concerning Moses the man of God, his sons were named of the tribe of Levi.
23:15 The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer. The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer.
23:16 Of the sons of Gershom, Shebuel was the chief. Of the sons of Gershom; Shebuel was the chief.
23:17 And the sons of Eliezer were, Rehabiah the chief. And Eliezer had none other sons; but the sons of Rehabiah were very many. And the sons of Eliezer were, Rehabiah the chief. And Eliezer had no other sons; but the sons of Rehabiah were very many.
23:18 Of the sons of Izhar; Shelomith the chief. Of the sons of Izhar; Shelomith the chief.
23:19 Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jehaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth.
23:20 Of the sons of Uzziel; Micah the first, and Jesiah the second. Of the sons of Uzziel; Micah the first, and Jesiah the second.
23:21 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish. The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish.
23:22 And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their brethren the sons of Kish took them. And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their brethren the sons of Kish took them.
23:23 The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three. The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three.
23:24 These were the sons of Levi after the house of their fathers; even the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by number of names by their polls, that did the work for the service of the house of the LORD, from the age of twenty years and upward. These were the sons of Levi after the house of their fathers; even the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by number of names by their polls, that did the work for the service of the house of the LORD, from the age of twenty years and upward.
23:25 For David said, The LORD God of Israel hath given rest unto his people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem for ever: For David said, The LORD God of Israel hath given rest to his people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem for ever;
23:26 And also unto the Levites; they shall no more carry the tabernacle, nor any vessels of it for the service thereof. And also to the Levites: they shall no more carry the tabernacle, nor any vessels of it for its service.
23:27 For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered from twenty years old and above: For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered from twenty years old and above:
23:28 Because their office was to wait on the sons of Aaron for the service of the house of the LORD, in the courts, and in the chambers, and in the purifying of all holy things, and the work of the service of the house of God; Because their office was to wait on the sons of Aaron for the service of the house of the LORD, in the courts, and in the chambers, and in the purifying of all holy things, and the work of the service of the house of God;
23:29 Both for the shewbread, and for the fine flour for meat offering, and for the unleavened cakes, and for that which is baked in the pan, and for that which is fried, and for all manner of measure and size; Both for the show-bread, and for the fine flour for meat-offering, and for the unleavened cakes, and for that which is baked in the pan, and for that which is fried, and for all manner of measure and size;
23:30 And to stand every morning to thank and praise the LORD, and likewise at even; And to stand every morning to thank and praise the LORD, and likewise at evening;
23:31 And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the LORD in the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the order commanded unto them, continually before the LORD: And to offer all burnt-sacrifices to the LORD on the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the order commanded to them, continually before the LORD:
23:32 And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the LORD. And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the LORD.


Shaun Frank proved himself quite the hitmaker in 2015, and now he's started off this year's festival season with a bang as well. The Toronto DJ/producer has teamed up with DVBBS on a track titled "La La Land" and enlisted his tour mate and frequent collaborator Delaney Jane as the vocalist.
Unlike what Frank and Jane put together for last year's "Heaven," "La La Land" deviates far from the future house formula. In a class all its own, the track follows a simple yet poignant production methodology, allowing Jane's angelic vocals to ring out with an ethereal crispness.
In addition to "La La Land," Jane recently told us that she has a single coming out in May – and Frank revealed that collaborations with The Chainsmokers and Steve Aoki would follow shortly thereafter.
Until they make more information on their upcoming releases available though, listen to Shaun Frank and DVBBS' "La La Land" featuring Delaney Jane in the SoundCloud player above and tell us what you think by leaving a comment.


text:
using base::android::JavaParamRef;

namespace metrics {

enum class HomeScreenLaunchType { STANDALONE = 0, SHORTCUT = 1, COUNT = 2 };

static void JNI_LaunchMetrics_RecordLaunch(
    JNIEnv* env,
    jboolean is_shortcut,
    const JavaParamRef<jstring>& jurl,
    int source,
    int display_mode,
    const JavaParamRef<jobject>& jweb_contents) {
  // Interpolate the legacy ADD_TO_HOMESCREEN source into standalone/shortcut.
  // Unfortunately, we cannot concretely determine whether a standalone add to
  // homescreen source means a full PWA (with service worker) or a site that has
  // a manifest with display: standalone.
  int histogram_source = source;
  if (histogram_source == ShortcutInfo::SOURCE_ADD_TO_HOMESCREEN_DEPRECATED) {
    if (is_shortcut)
      histogram_source = ShortcutInfo::SOURCE_ADD_TO_HOMESCREEN_SHORTCUT;
    else
      histogram_source = ShortcutInfo::SOURCE_ADD_TO_HOMESCREEN_STANDALONE;
  }

  GURL url(base::android::ConvertJavaStringToUTF8(env, jurl));
  content::WebContents* web_contents =
      content::WebContents::FromJavaWebContents(jweb_contents);

  if (web_contents &&
      (histogram_source == ShortcutInfo::SOURCE_APP_BANNER ||
       histogram_source == ShortcutInfo::SOURCE_ADD_TO_HOMESCREEN_PWA)) {
    // What a user has installed on the Home screen can become disconnected from
    // what Chrome believes is on the Home screen if the user clears their data.
    // Use the launch as a signal that the shortcut still exists.
    AppBannerSettingsHelper::RecordBannerEvent(
        web_contents, url, url.spec(),
        AppBannerSettingsHelper::APP_BANNER_EVENT_DID_ADD_TO_HOMESCREEN,
        base::Time::Now());

    // Tell the Site Engagement Service about this launch as sites recently
    // launched from a shortcut receive a boost to their engagement.
    SiteEngagementService* service = SiteEngagementService::Get(
        Profile::FromBrowserContext(web_contents->GetBrowserContext()));
    service->SetLastShortcutLaunchTime(web_contents, url);
  }

  UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Launch.HomeScreenSource",
                            static_cast<ShortcutInfo::Source>(histogram_source),
                            ShortcutInfo::SOURCE_COUNT);

  if (!is_shortcut) {
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION(
        "Launch.WebAppDisplayMode",
        static_cast<blink::mojom::DisplayMode>(display_mode));
  }

  HomeScreenLaunchType action = is_shortcut ? HomeScreenLaunchType::SHORTCUT
                                            : HomeScreenLaunchType::STANDALONE;

  UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Launch.HomeScreen", action,
                            HomeScreenLaunchType::COUNT);
}

static void JNI_LaunchMetrics_RecordHomePageLaunchMetrics(
    JNIEnv* env,
    jboolean show_home_button,
    jboolean homepage_is_ntp,
    const JavaParamRef<jstring>& jhomepage_url) {
  GURL homepage_url(base::android::ConvertJavaStringToUTF8(env, jhomepage_url));
  PrefMetricsService::RecordHomePageLaunchMetrics(
      show_home_button,
      homepage_is_ntp,
      homepage_url);
}

}  // namespace metrics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Bible Study
AMERICA SUSPENDS JUDGE FOR DEFINING MARRIAGE AS UNION BTW MAN AND WOMAN
in Bible Study, Sunday Deception
MONTGOMERY, Alabama. – Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore is appealing his suspension. The Court of the Judiciary last week (COJ) suspended Moore without pay for the remainder of his term, effectively barring him from the state bench for the rest of his life, as Moore is too old to rerun for office. Moore also requested that four Alabama Supreme Court justices and three former justices recuse themselves from the case owing to a conflict of interest.
The COJ issued its decision to suspend Moore on September 30. Moore was tried on the misuse of his office because he told other judges that Alabama's law defining marriage as between a man and a woman.
Mat Staver, Moore's lawyer and founder and chairman of Liberty Counsel, said, "To suspend Chief Justice Moore for the duration of his term is a miscarriage of justice and the same as removal. The COJ lacked the unanimous votes to remove the Chief, so the majority instead chose to ignore the law and the rules. We will continue the fight for justice to prevail in this case."
Moore has requested six of the nine supreme court justices to be removed from the case for conflict of interests, instead asking that judges be drawn from a random pool of sitting circuit court judges, and that the public be allowed to watch the selection. The six justices in question have not been named publicly, although Staver did name Greg Shaw among those who've been asked to recuse themselves. Shaw has made negative comments about Moore and his administrative order reminding probate judges that Alabama's current law says that marriage is between a man and a women.
Staver said,
The Chief Justice wants to have a fair and objective panel of nine judges to review his appeal. Anyone who has sat on any prior proceedings involving this case and anyone who has a conflict of interest should recuse and not preside over this appeal. Chief Justice Moore is asking for a fair and transparent process.
A news release from the Liberty Counsel mentioned, "Prior to the current case, the past practice has been that the justices recuse when asked to review a matter involving a sitting justice of the Court."
The same group of judges who suspended Moore gave only six months' suspension to a Tallapoosa probate judge found guilty of sexting with a previous client. Staver commented, "It is unbelievable the seriousness of Judge Archer's perverted sexual actions and yet he only receives a six-month suspension, while Chief Justice Moore is suspended for life."
ALL Sunday Churches Admit Saturday is the Bible Sabbath
Historical Proof that Saturday is the Sabbath
Beyonce and the Occult Religion of Babylon-NWO
Vatican Declares Mary is Worthy of Worship and Jesus is NOT the Only way to Heaven
Updated Adventist Church Logo Approved
GOD'S MANIFESTATION IN LAST DAYS WILL BE SHOCKING TO MANY!
Atheists in Kenya Push for Removal of 'God' in National Anthem


text:
Q: FB Login "Cancelled" when using the Unity FB SDK I've been trying to use the FB SDK for Unity to login with FB but each time I try to click on the button from the example, the request is cancelled. Here are the steps I followed :

*

*Download the SDK with the example (properly configured with the app ID) which I launched

*Setup my app on facebook's developers website with the right package name, class name and key hash

*Launch the project, click on the FB.init button first and then on the Login button (I have a connected account on the device)

The result is that a new window is launched and closed instantly with status "Cancelled" showing on top of the phone's screen. If I go into the logs, I have the following message:
Facebook.Unity.LoginResult
LoginResult:
Error: null
RawResult: {"cancelled":true,"callback_id":"8","key_hash":"blabla"}
Cancelled: True
LoginResult: AccessToken: null

I checked that the key_hash was the same in my app's settings on the developer website and on this callback.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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In a new interview with Newsweek, Michelle Yeoh spoke about her Section 31 spin-off series, in which she'll be featured as Philippa...
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Hello, cardmakers. If you are like me, you love any excuse to make a card. And it is even better when it can be given to someone who really needs it. Don't you agree? Yep – it is time for a new Card Drive – a Cards for Kate Card Drive.
And one thing we can do to help is to send cards to Kate and her family to encourage them, give them strength, and let them know how many people are thinking about and praying for them. And the most generous and kind people in the world are crafters so we thought we'd have a Cards for Kate Card Drive. This time I have two rockin' friends helping me out – Jana Millen and Kristina Proffitt. Be sure to watch their blogs for more info, etc.
- Kate (age 5) – The sweet girl who is battling cancer.
- Little brother Will, age 4.
- Bigger sister Olivia, age 7.
Cards can be anything cheery, encouraging, supportive, etc. (This family is a family of God, so for all you Christians out there, feel free to share messages of Faith.) Anyone can send a card – even your children!
Please send the cards to arrive by October 15. This should give enough time for those overseas to play along. As we get enough to fill a box to send to Kate's family, we will send them. This way they don't get them all at once. And since they are having some struggles lately, the sooner we get some cards, the better. You are welcome to still send in cards!
If you want to send more than just a card (such as a gift), please just send directly to the address given HERE. Stickers, things to color, etc are welcome.
And… how about some prizes as a thank you for participating? For all the cards we get, we will pick random winners of some great prizes. Click HERE for up-to-date prize info. Stuff will be added soon and often. Please keep in mind that winners will be pick based on piece of paper you include with your cards with your name and info. So, be sure to include it!
As you know, we have received an AMAZING amount of cards for Kate. Wow. You are all amazing. So we thought we would bring another child into the drive. This way, if you still want to make cards or make more cards, you can make them for this child. Just spreading the joy around a bit. If you have already sent cards, those will go to Kate and her family. But any future ones – it would be great if they were made for Eric and his family. (You will be eligible for the same prizes.) In hopes that we can get cards for him, too, we will extend the deadline just a touch – the prizes will be drawn on October 31 – so you have time to get them in before we pick prize winners.
UPDATED TO ADD: I am very sorry to say that Eric passed away in October. However, you are still welcome to send cards for his family.
I found out about Eric from my friend Kathy Rocoosin. Eric has ALD. (ALD is an inherited recessive genetic disorder linked to the X chromosome. The 1992 movie "Lorenzo's Oil" brought this rare disorder to the world's attention.) He was diagnosed on May 18th, and his little brother received the same diagnosis on May 29th. For information and updates on Eric, you can visit his website HERE.
Eric will be 9 on 10/26. He has a sister (Rachel – 7) and brother (Jacob – 5). His dad is Bob and his mom is Leslie.
All the "guidelines," mailing info, etc is the same as for Kate. You can find it all HERE. Again, we would love it if you mailed the cards to arrive here by October 31.
I know I have asked a lot from you all to send cards for Kate and her family. But if you could just do it one more time – this time for Eric and his family – that would be wonderful. Imagine how much it would make him smile.
I know there has been some question about the ages of Olivia and Will. Olivia turned 7 this summer and Will turned 4 this summer. Thank you for reaching out to the McRaes! We all have been so blessed with the kindness of so many people since this journey with Kate started. We have an incredible God that I believe has put Kate on the hearts of MANY people. We are forever grateful! I'm hoping to get something made along with Kate's cousin"s. If you have any questions about the family you may email me at [email protected]. Thanks again for taking the time to organize this and even making it more fun with prizes! Grandma Shirlee (Holly's mom).
I think it would be nice to send a bunch of blank thank yous too, for Holly to send out. I have a group and church that would be interested in making thank yous. Do you think this is a good idea?
Jennifer~ thank you kindly for posting this card drive info. It is indeed amazing how the crafting community can make such an impact. Even more so how word of mouth can accomplish so much. Best yet, may this impact us all to pray that our loving God in his ever-loving mercy will be with this family and get them through this trying time. Let us pray for Kate, her siblings and parents to receive the special miracle of healing. All things are possible in Christ. If we bind together in faith great things begin to happen.
Look forward to creating my cards & sending them with all my love soon.
Blessings to you and your family too Jen!
I shipped mine to you Friday. I also posted about this on my blog. My prayers are with this family.
You also count me in i pray for kate.
This is so wonderful this action.
My cards are made, and packed, just the post office was closed in the afternoon. But Monday morning they'll start their long journey to you.
May God bless you for your kindness and give them strength.
Jennifer I sent a small package with some cards for Kate and Eric. Did you got them?
I'll try to get you two cards real quick!
Hello, I sent cards out yesterday for both causes. Thank you so much for organizing and doing this. You are an angel- did you know that? Have a great trip. Good luck at your class in a couple weeks in Columbus.
Sorry to hear the news about Eric. God bless him and his family. I pray that God gives them peace and comfort in these moments.
Dana expressed my sentiments exactly and beautifully. Is there some way that I could send a sympathy card to Eric's parents and continue to send cards to Kate and her family?
How is the family doing? I have kept them in my prayers and know that God does hear all requests. Be sure to tell them that many many people are praying for them.
Do you have an update on Kate and Eric? My prayers are with them and their families.
How is Kate doing? I haven't seen an update. I hope the holidays were good to her and her family. Have the prizes been distributed yet?
the now-hired candidates with a view to see how nicely of a predictor Fb was.


text:
Society›
Poverty rates in OECD countries 2017
Published by Erin Duffin, Jan 17, 2020
Out of all OECD countries, Israel had the highest poverty rate as of 2017, at 17.9 percent. The country with the second highest poverty rate was the United States, with 17.8 percent.
The significance of the OECD
The OECD, or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, was founded in 1948 and is made up of 36 member countries. It seeks to improve the economic and social well-being of countries and their populations. The OECD looks at issues that impact people's everyday lives and proposes policies that can help to improve the quality of life.
Poverty in the United States
In 2018, there were 38.15 million people living below the poverty line in the U.S. About 20.8 percent of the African American population lived in poverty in 2018, the most out of any ethnicity. In addition, more young women lived in poverty than young men. It is clear that poverty in the United States is a complex, multi-faceted issue that affects millions of people and will require a solution for the country to move forward.
Poverty rates in OECD countries as of 2017
Percentage of population
Israel 17.9%
United States 17.8%
Korea 17.4%
Turkey** 17.2%
Lithuania* 16.9%
Latvia * 16.8%
Mexico* 16.6%
Chile* 16.5%
Japan** 15.7%
Estonia * 15.7%
Spain * 15.5%
Greece * 14.4%
Italy* 13.7%
Russia 12.7%
Portugal * 12.5%
Australia* 12.1%
Canada 12.1%
United Kingdom 11.9%
Luxembourg* 11.1%
Germany * 10.4%
Poland * 10.3%
Austria * 9.8%
Belgium * 9.7%
Sweden 9.3%
Ireland* 9.2%
Switzerland** 9.1%
Slovenia * 8.7%
Slovak Republic * 8.5%
Norway 8.4%
Netherlands*** 8.3%
France * 8.3%
Hungary * 7.8%
Finland 6.3%
Denmark * 5.8%
Czech Republic * 5.6%
Iceland ** 5.4%
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Find more statistics at Statista
2017 or latest available
OECD database accessed on January 17, 2020
*2016 data
**2015 data
***Provisional 2016 data
The poverty rate is the ratio of the number of people whose income falls below the poverty line and the total population; the poverty line is here taken as half the median household income.
Income is defined as household disposable income in a particular year. It consists of earnings, self-employment and capital income and public cash transfers; income taxes and social security contributions paid by households are deducted. The income of the household is attributed to each of its members, with an adjustment to reflect differences in needs for households of different sizes.
Poverty rate in the United States 1990-2018
People having less than 1.25 U.S. dollars a day, by region 1990, 2011 and 2015
Child poverty in OECD countries 2016
Italy: number of families and people living below the poverty line 2014-2018
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Statistics on "Poverty in Italy"
Number of people at risk of poverty in the European Union 2010-2017
Italy: at-risk-of-poverty rate 2004-2017
Italy: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion 2004-2017
Italy: at-risk-of-poverty rate 2017, by region
Italy: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion 2017, by region
Italy: children at risk of poverty or social exclusion 2009-2017
Italy: individual absolute poverty rate 2008-2018
Incidence rate of absolute poverty in Italy 2014-2018, by gender
Incidence rate of absolute poverty in Italy 2018, by age
Italy: incidence rate of absolute poverty 2018, by household type
Italy: incidence rate of absolute poverty 2018, by employment status
Italy: absolute poverty rate among families 2012-2018
Italy: severe material deprivation rate 2004-2017
Italy: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion 2017, by macro-region
Italy: severe material deprivation rate in one-person households 2017
Italy: severe material deprivation rate in two-person households 2017
Italy: severe material deprivation rate in three-person households 2017
Italy: severe material deprivation rate in four-person households 2017
Italy: severe material deprivation rate in multi-person households 2017
Alaska - Poverty rate 2000-2018
Michigan - Poverty rate 2000-2018
Honduras: poverty headcount ratio at 3.20 U.S. dollars a day 2005-2017
Paraguay: poverty headcount ratio at 3.20 U.S. dollars a day 2005-2017
Brazil: poverty headcount ratio at 3.20 U.S. dollars a day 2005-2017
South Dakota - poverty rate from 2000 to 2018
Idaho - Poverty rate 2000-2018
New Mexico - poverty rate from 2000 to 2018
Indiana - Poverty rate 2000-2018
Arizona - Poverty rate 2000-2018
Nicaragua: poverty headcount ratio at 3.20 U.S. dollars a day 2005-2014
Peru: poverty headcount ratio at 3.20 U.S. dollars a day 2005-2017
South Carolina - poverty rate from 2000 to 2018
New Hampshire - Poverty rate from 2000 to 2018
Massachusetts - Poverty rate 2000-2018
Romania: share of population with severe material deprivation 2007-2017
Spain: share of population with severe material deprivation 2007-2017
Denmark: share of population with severe material deprivation 2007-2017
Number of rural residents living below the poverty line in China in 2016
Largest development aid donors 2017
Poverty United States Unemployment HIV/AIDS worldwide
OECD. (January 17, 2020). Poverty rates in OECD countries as of 2017 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/233910/poverty-rates-in-oecd-countries/
OECD. "Poverty rates in OECD countries as of 2017." Chart. January 17, 2020. Statista. Accessed January 20, 2020. https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/233910/poverty-rates-in-oecd-countries/
OECD. (2020). Poverty rates in OECD countries as of 2017. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 20, 2020. https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/233910/poverty-rates-in-oecd-countries/
OECD. "Poverty Rates in Oecd Countries as of 2017." Statista, Statista Inc., 17 Jan 2020, https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/233910/poverty-rates-in-oecd-countries/
OECD, Poverty rates in OECD countries as of 2017 Statista, https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/233910/poverty-rates-in-oecd-countries/ (last visited January 20, 2020)