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Here's Even More Evidence That Plant Protein Is Better for You Than Animal Protein
Here's Even More Evidence That Plant Protein Is Better for You Than Animal Protein Sorry, steak fans. Yum, looks like a brain! It'd be great if a burger-a-day diet was healthy. Don't get me wrong—it's not the worst. You've got protein in there and hopefully some veggies on top (and on the side) , and even some fiber from the roll (you used whole grain, right?). Unfortunately, study after study shows that meat as a protein source just isn't that healthy. It's far better to get that necessary protein from plants. Generally speaking, diets heavy on plant matter tend to be healthier. One study found that those eating the most fruit-and-veg-dense diets had a 31 percent lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and a roughly 20 percent lower risk of overall mortality than those eating animal-focused diets. That study didn't look specifically at protein, but participants consumed the other […]
New surveillance AI can tell schools where students are and where they've been
New surveillance AI can tell schools where students are and where they've been Not all AI being used by schools is facial recognition. That doesn't mean the tech doesn't come with privacy risks. As mass shootings at US schools increase in frequency while our country's gun control laws remain weaker than those in any other developed nation, more school administrators across the US are turning to artificially intelligent surveillance tools in an attempt to beef up school safety. But systems that allow schools to easily track people on campus have left some worried about the impact on student privacy. Recode has identified at least nine US public school districts — including the district home to Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (MSD) in Parkland, Florida, which in 2018 experienced one of the deadliest school shootings in US history — that have acquired analytic surveillance cameras that come with new, AI-based software, […]
Startup Failure Rate Statistics To Take In [2020]
Shared For Our Friends at Hustle Life Guides Reviews Affiliate Marketing Blog About Startup Failure Rate Statistics To Take In [2020] Every year, hundreds and thousands of highly-determined and ambitious entrepreneurs lay the foundations of several new businesses. Most of these entrepreneurs have dreams in their eyes and emit rays of positive energy. But did you know that in the following four years, almost half of them would vanish as they never existed? While plenty of small businesses fail to survive in the business world, a handful of them make it past this critical period and continue to thrive. How many of such businesses are there among the survivors? Which industries provide the highest/lowest chances of startup success? What are the reasons why small businesses fail to grow? Keep reading to find out. Top 10 Most Interesting Startup Statistics Building your very own startup requires a lot of courage, determination, […]
Taylor Swift: No Longer 'Polite at All Costs'
Breaking News Kobe Bryant Dies in Helicopter Crash Taylor Swift: No Longer 'Polite at All Costs' "Not a shot. Not a single chance. Not a snowball's chance in hell." Taylor Swift — who, at 30, has reached a Zen state of cheerful realism — laughs as she leans into a pillow she's placed over her crossed legs inside her suite at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, leaning further still into her infinitesimal odds of winning a Golden Globe, which will zero out when she heads down to the televised ball in a few hours. Never mind whether or not the tune she co-wrote, "Beautiful Ghosts," might actually have been worthy of a trophy for best original song (or shortlisted for an Oscar, which it was not). Since the Globe nominations were revealed, voters could hardly have been immune to how quickly the film it's a part of, "Cats," in which she also co-stars, became a whipping boy for jokes […]
How Treating People With Brain Injuries Helped Me Forgive My Mother
How Treating People With Brain Injuries Helped Me Forgive My Mother After a lifetime of resentment, working with other T.B.I. patients finally helped me understand the riddle that is my mother's mind. Illustrations by Micky Walls. I sat across the table from my client Matt, watching as he clicked away on his Kindle keyboard, presumably searching through his notes for clues as to what we had discussed during our session a week prior. "Ah, yes, found them," he said a minute later. "It says here we planned a studying schedule for my physics final." "Did you follow the study plan we worked on?" I asked. He paused, waiting for a cue. "I have no idea," he said after realizing I wouldn't be filling in the gap for him. "Let me search my notes." A minute passed as he searched his Kindle again, and then another while he scrolled through the […]
The British Once Built a 1,100-Mile Hedge Through the Middle of India
The British Once Built a 1,100-Mile Hedge Through the Middle of India This quixotic colonial barrier was meant to enforce taxes. Map of India, c. 1875. Photo from the Public Domain. In 1878, W.S. Halsey, Commissioner of Inland Customs, reported on the state of British India's giant hedge. The hedge had grown to more than 1,100 miles long, he wrote, long enough to stretch from Berlin to Moscow. More than half of the barrier, Halsey reported, was made up of "perfect and good green hedge" or "combined green and dry hedge." In parts, it was 12 feet tall and 14 feet across. The British Empire had been working on this giant hedge for at least 30 years. It had, at long last, reached "its greatest extent and perfection," wrote Roy Moxham in The Great Hedge of India. It was an impressive monument to British power and doggedness. One British official […]
Meet the Mad Scientist Who Wrote the Book on How to Hunt Hackers
Meet the Mad Scientist Who Wrote the Book on How to Hunt Hackers Thirty years ago, Cliff Stoll published The Cuckoo's Egg, a book about his cat-and-mouse game with a KGB-sponsored hacker. Today, the internet is a far darker place—and Stoll has become a cybersecurity icon. In 1986, Cliff Stoll's boss at Lawrence Berkeley National Labs tasked him with getting to the bottom of a 75-cent accounting discrepancy in the lab's computer network, which was rented out to remote users by the minute. Stoll, 36, investigated the source of that minuscule anomaly, pulling on it like a loose thread until it led to a shocking culprit: a hacker in the system. Stoll then spent the next year of his life following that hacker's footprints across the lab's network and the nascent internet. In doing so, he revealed a vast web of similar intrusions into military and government agencies carried out […]
The Secret Travel Club That's Been Everywhere
The Secret Travel Club That's Been Everywhere New York's Explorers Club has inspired adventurers, aquanauts, and astronauts for more than a century. But it's now evolving to inspire everyone to make the world a better place. The Explorers Club's New York headquarters houses around 1,000 artefacts collected by its members. Amid the neon-lit diners and coffee shops of New York's Upper East Side sits a townhouse that's a world away from the fast-paced drama of Manhattan. In sight of Central Park, but not as far north as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, it is just one of many such houses on a street full of elite mansions and enviable residences. No sightseeing map would direct you to East 70th Street, and it's routinely bypassed by cab drivers, commuters and pedestrians, all of whom have somewhere else more important to be. But beyond the townhouse's wrought iron doors, under a keystone […]
The End of Owning Music: How CDs and Downloads Died
The End of Owning Music: How CDs and Downloads Died Physical formats are cratering, but vinyl's niche is growing. Jack White and other experts explain the future of listening. "I definitely believe the next decade is going to be streaming plus vinyl," says Jack White. "Streaming in the car and kitchen, vinyl in the living room and the den. Those will be the two formats. And I feel really good about that." If you visited Austin's Waterloo Records recently, you might have noticed a construction project that was unthinkable not so long ago: The 36-year-old Austin music staple was replacing 24 feet of CD racks with space for more vinyl. "After 30 years of CDs, a lot of people are moving on from that format," says Waterloo owner John Kunz. "Whether they're going back to vinyl, or streaming, people are selling off those CDs." As streaming gives the music industry […]
How to Fly the Best First-Class Seats, Cheaper Than Economy
How to Fly the Best First-Class Seats, Cheaper Than Economy The tools you need to secure a private suite in the sky—at almost zero cost—may already be inside your wallet. Photo from Emirates. Airline industry experts have been proclaiming the death of first class for years. While some airlines have done away with it altogether, others are doubling down with palatial suite-style seats, lavish amenities, and services that pamper, both on the ground and in the air. What's ensued is a golden age of flying … for those who can afford it. In November, Singapore Airlines Ltd. and Emirates Airline both unveiled all-new first-class suites, tricked-out with such extravagant amenities as in-suite minibars and Mercedes Benz-inspired interiors. A round-trip ticket from Dubai to Geneva in Emirates' new suites can cost upward of $8,000—and that's on the affordable end of the spectrum. These airlines aren't alone: Quieter, gradual enhancements on such airlines as Cathay Pacific Airways […]
What Unites Republicans May Be Changing. Same With Democrats.
What Unites Republicans May Be Changing. Same With Democrats. In a book released on the eve of the 2016 election called "Asymmetric Politics," political scientists Matthew Grossmann and David Hopkins argued that America's political parties don't just have different ideologies, but are really different kinds of organizations. "Republicans are organized around broad symbolic principles, whereas Democrats are a coalition of social groups with particular policy concerns," the authors concluded. I don't want to treat that book as gospel, but it speaks to a certain understanding that has existed throughout my 17 years covering national politics. Democrats have been considered the party of Asian, black, gay, Jewish and Latino people, along with atheists, teachers, union members, etc. — in short, a coalition organized around a bunch of different identity groups. Meanwhile, Republicans have been thought of as the party of small government, low taxes, a strong national defense and "traditional" moral […]
How Misinformation From Social Security Can Cost You Tens of Thousands of Dollars
We'll put you on the right path to maximize your benefits. Photo from iStock. Social Security will pay out nearly $1 trillion in benefits this year. For more than half of all recipients, the payments are more than 50% of their retirement income. But for the eighth year in a row, this critical pay-as-you-go program will take in less in taxes than it pays out in benefits. If nothing is done to change the system and the economy behaves as expected, a financial catastrophe demanding across-the-board benefit cuts will arrive in 18 years. You've heard this lament before, of course, along with assurances that, sooner or later, members of Congress will get around to doing something to shore up the system. But focusing on the long-term crisis masks a much more immediate threat, one that can explode long before 2035—perhaps when you, or someone you know, walks into a local […]
Chasing Escobar
Chasing Escobar Javier Peña, as a character, was popularized through the Netflix series 'Narcos.' But the story of the real Peña—who lives in San Antonio—and his quest to end the reign of Pablo Escobar, is bigger than a screen. A mug shot of Pablo Escobar taken in Colombia in 1981. Inside a church in Medellín, Colombia, Drug Enforcement Agency agent Javier Peña listened as the fourteen-year-old boy in front of him admitted to murdering ten policemen. The boy was one of Pablo Escobar's sicarios—the hitmen, often teenage boys, hired to kill anyone in Escobar's way. The teenager didn't feel any remorse. If he was given an order, he would kill again in a second. He would do anything for Escobar. It's been decades since that day: Peña's charcoal black mustache is now a crisp white, and the brown gradient aviators he often sported have been replaced by a small pair […]
How Overexcited Neurons Might Affect How You Age
How Overexcited Neurons Might Affect How You Age New research makes a molecular connection between the brain and aging—and shows that overactive neurons can shorten life span. A thousand seemingly insignificant things change as an organism ages. Beyond the obvious signs like graying hair and memory problems are myriad shifts both subtler and more consequential: Metabolic processes run less smoothly; neurons respond less swiftly; the replication of DNA grows faultier. Original story reprinted with permission from Quanta Magazine, an editorially independent publication of the Simons Foundation whose mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences. But while bodies may seem to just gradually wear out, many researchers believe instead that aging is controlled at the cellular and biochemical level. They find evidence for this in the throng of biological mechanisms that are linked to aging but also […]
The Sugar Conspiracy
The Sugar Conspiracy In 1972, a British scientist sounded the alarm that sugar – and not fat – was the greatest danger to our health. But his findings were ridiculed and his reputation ruined. How did the world's top nutrition scientists get it so wrong for so long? Robert Lustig is a paediatric endocrinologist at the University of California who specialises in the treatment of childhood obesity. A 90-minute talk he gave in 2009, titled Sugar: The Bitter Truth, has now been viewed more than six million times on YouTube. In it, Lustig argues forcefully that fructose, a form of sugar ubiquitous in modern diets, is a "poison" culpable for America's obesity epidemic. A year or so before the video was posted, Lustig gave a similar talk to a conference of biochemists in Adelaide, Australia. Afterwards, a scientist in the audience approached him. Surely, the man said, you've read Yudkin. […]
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Coral Calcium Information by Bob Barefoot
Books & Tapes
Barefoot on Coral Calcium
Barefoot on Vitamin-D
Death by Diet
If It Glitters
Lets Cure Humanity
The Calcium Factor
The Disease Conspiracy
Calcium Sites
Can Calcium Cure Cancer?
I'm Sick – I Need Help
Coral Wars
Cure America!
Robert Barefoot Vs. Dr. Barrett & the Quackwatchers
The Drug Industry Owns Congress, FDA, FTC and the AMA
The FTC vs Robert Barefoot
August 22, 2003 edition of the Edmonton Sun, Staff Writer, Jeremy Loome, wrote an article entitled "Cancer Scam Alleged" with "former city man at center of accusations over infomercial." The article was written as a hatchet job on Robert Barefoot, a very proud graduate of the Nortern Alberta Institute of Technology, NAIT, 1967. Since his graduation Bob Barefoot has, with his fellow PhD co-authors, authored 7 scientific publications and he has written 3 books, "The Calcium Factor", "Death By Diet" and "If It Glitters", the first two of which are best sellers. He also has numerous international patents. His recent infomercial, with Kevin Trudeau, was the most watched informercial in history. As such it has become extremely controversial.
Because of Robert Barefoot's references to the claim that calcium supplements can reverse a host of diseases, which are supported by hundreds of scientific publications. The FTC deemed that the claims were being attached to the calcium product, coral calcium, being sold, even though Barefoot did not claim that the product itself cured anything, as can be verified by an examination of the text of the show. Bob Barefoot believes that the FTC is just doing its job and exercising its mandate. The restrictions of the United States' laws on what can be said concerning a nutrient's relationship to a disease when stated in conjunction with the sale of nutritional supplements are severe. Those restrictions make it difficult to reflect the worldwide scientific community's understanding of the importance of this nutrient and its relationship to certain diseases in the marketplace. I encourage the public to do their own research and to discuss the application to their own health with their medical practitioner.
Calcium is an essential nutrient in our daily diet and is a key factor in a wide range of biological systems within the body. Its role in disease prevention and treatment has been studied, and continues to be studied, by numerous scientists around the world. A search on the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed system reveals more than 17,000 scientific articles on calcium and its relationship to cancer. In particular, clinical trials have examined the link between calcium consumption and its positive effects on colorectal cancer, one of the most common cancers in Canada (the Canadian Cancer Society estimates that this year 18,000 Canadians will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 8,300 will die from it). While the study of calcium continues, its importance is becoming widely recognized even among the more conservative members of the scientific and medical communities. The 2001 "Physicians Desk Reference for Nutritional Supplements" chapter on calcium states that calcium has anti-osteroporotic activity and may also have anti-carcinogenic, antihypertensive and hypocholesterolemic activity.
The problem that Robert Barefoot has with the article "Cancer Scam Alleged" is that many of the statements made were false, and therefore Barefoot believes that the public was deceived. Dr. Barrett, a retired Psychiatrist with no medical license, and an obvious vendetta against Bob Barefoot, was joined by his calcium expert Robert Baratz, owner of a hair removal and ear piercing salon in Braintree, Massachusetts. Barrett is currently being sued by many others for his slanderous attacks.
A California Appeals Court District #1 has already ruled, October 15, 2003, that he is biased, and "beyond any credibility" in the area of nutrition. Thus, Dr. Barrett will be handled by the courts. For more information go to "www.bolenreport.net" and ask for "Steven Barrett: Cease and Desist Order and Demand for Satisfaction". The real problem is the author of the article who allowed this man to spew his warped, and totally unsubstantiated conceptions before the people of Edmonton, my home town. He allowed Barrett to tell his readers that "there are people who are going to die as a result of what they have been doing" which is taking coral calcium. Of course this is false and slanderous and the author, Jeremy Loome, will never be able to give his readers the names of the victims that don't exist, although his readers should insist that he do so. Also, millions of people have been consuming the coral calcium for hundreds of years, and so far, no one has died as a result. When Barefoot asked Loome why he did not inform his readers about Dr. Barrett, his response was that the story was about Bob Barefoot and not Dr.Barrett. When Barefoot objected that his failure to inform his readers would result in a fraudulent story, Loome responded, "so sue me".
Dr. Barrett, who is not a chemist, advises the people of Edmonton to buy calcium carbonate which he declares is the same as coral calcium. I disagree with the Edmonton Sun's characterization of Drs, Stephen Barrett and Robert Baratz as "medical experts". I do not believe either are experts on calcium and its relationship to disease. I suspect neither has published peer-reviewed literature based on original research concerning calcium, and I can find no articles by them in the calcium scientific literature. Neither Barrett or Baratz are considered to be experts by the scientific community. A real expert can see a huge difference between coral calcium and calcium carbonate.
Coral calcium has the preferred calcium to magnesium ratio, 2:1, calcium carbonate does not. Coral calcium has about 70 trace nutrients, calcium carbonate does not. Coral calcium has marine microbes to assist in digestion, calcium carbonate does not. Coral calcium, an aragonite, has over 1000 time the surface area of calcium carbonate, calcite. Also, studies done by the Japanese show that most of the calcium form coral calcium is absorbed by the body while very little of the calcium from calcium carbonate is absorbed. For example, Dr. Kunihiko Ishitano, in his publication "Calcium Absorption from the Ingestion of Coral-Derived Calcium By Humans" shows that the 2:1 calcium:magnesium coral is responsible for a dramatic increase in the absorption of calcium by the human body (up to 70% with the low grade coral being much lower). Also, Dr. Taishido Setagaya, of the University of Tokyo, in his publication "The Problem on the Lack on Ingestion of Calcium and Magnesium in Japan and Coral Calcium" write that the required 2:1 calcium:magnesium ratio can be found in "special" marine coral. Finally, coral calcium has hundreds of years of history with probably millions of testimonials, calcium carbonate does not. Jeremy Loome is doing a real disservice to his readers with his mistaken advice. Jeremy Loome's claim that doctors advise that the "oxygen link to cancer was disproved more than 60 years ago" was not substantiated, while the man who made the link, Dr. Otto Warburg, won two Nobel prizes because of the oxygen link to cancer. Also Dr. Baratz's, contention (Council Against Health Care Fraud) that "people are being duped into believing something that has no scientific support at all" is just simply false. Barefoot has hundreds of scientific documents and there are thousands more for Dr. Baratz to read. Also, Dr. Baratz would do well to read Barefoot's books.
Jeremy Loome's claims to what Barefoot said are disputed by Barefoot as being out of context and therefore misleading. Barefoot does take exception, however, to Jeremy Loome's slur of Dr. Carl Reich. Loome states that Barefoot "failed to mention that Reich was stripped of his Alberta license in 1986". Although Barefoot did not state this, he assumed that any good reporter writing a story should already be aware of the facts. Loome also should have been aware that his fellow reporter Gary Davies wrote a four page article on Dr. Reich in the Sept/Oct edition of the City Scope magazine where he called Dr. Reich "a man ahead of his time" and "the Father of Preventive Medicine". He also failed to mention that Reich was stripped of his license for declaring that "calcium cures cancer". Several years latter, in October 1998, the Journal of the American Medical Association wrote that "calcium supplements reverse cancer and make cancer grow back to normal". Since this article, many more have been written so it does appear that Dr. Reich was indeed, ahead of his time. He was a great man and a great doctor and Barefoot is very proud to be the co-author of the "Father of Preventive Medicine".
Dr. Barrett, a man without a medical licence and a man who has been declared by the courts as "biased and beyond any credibility" uses his bad reputation to give Robert Barefoot all the bad press he can get. Barrett, who has declared war on Bob Barefoot, represents "Quack Watchers" which is appropriate as they are all "Quacks", only capable of watching and not participating, who are interfering with legitimate medical research. History has taught us that all of the most advanced and famous medical practitioners, including Dr. Semmelweis, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister, were all once considered to be quacks by their medical peers who now honor these men. It is therefore an honor that Barrett and company consider that I am in a league with these great men.
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On 3rd November an industry-wide campaign to cut the number of deaths due to workplace cancer was launched. Statistics suggest that as many as 8,000 people die from cancer and 14,000 contract the disease because of exposure to work-related carcinogens. This includes everything from diesel fumes to asbestos fibres and silica dust. These figures are just from the UK but worldwide occupational cancer kills over 666,000 people, further enforcing the need for action.
The figures for occupational cancer around the world are much higher than those for fatal accidents in the workplace. The invisibility of carcinogens and the long latency of their effects and the lack of general knowledge regarding them means many people aren't aware they are at risk or have even contracted the disease before it's too late.
The No Time To Lose Campaign brings together the Macmillan Cancer Support charity and the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health to push forward awareness and to call for a collaboration of both employers and government officials to beat occupational cancer for good.
The new campaign has many suggestions and ways in which it can make a difference. It's calling for a national database of work-related carcinogen exposure, research into the potential of cancer risks in new and emerging technologies, focus on work-related cancer in medical courses and awareness training for employees at all levels from apprentices up.
There are over 50 substances listed as known or probable to cause workplace cancer and many of them remain unknown to the very people who work with them daily. The campaign serves to highlight the human suffering that comes from the spread of this preventable form of cancer and ensure lives are saved.
Worryingly since 2009/10 over 300 notices relating to the failed management of asbestos and risk of exposure have been issued by the HSE and there have been 20 successful prosecutions in the same area. Similar figures can be found for crystalline silica and it is evidence that even more companies need to take note and realise the genuine health risks they're exposing their employees to.
Workplace cancer refers to more than those caused by the large range of dangerous substances though. Employees who work outdoors are at risk of skin cancer for example, with non-melanoma skin cancers going up by around 3 to 8% around the world. With correct training and official guidelines with relation to PPE, these figures could be brought down.
At Lamb & Co we have worked with many clients who have suffered with industrial diseases, workplace cancers and notably mesothelioma. This new campaign is a chance for the spotlight to focus clearly on these dangerous conditions and hopefully bring industry around to acting more responsibly. The www.notimetolose.org.uk website is a wealth of information and the online base of the campaign.


Our client at a Life Assurance company are currently seeking a Senior Administrator to join their Agency & Commissions team. The role would suit a high performing person, with an understanding of intermediary terms of business applications and indemnity commission terms, Conduct of Business Code and regulatory requirements.
Responsibilities include undertaking regular reviews of existing intermediary relationships as their indemnity commission liability approaches agreed trigger levels and monitoring any debt positions, preparation of reports for the weekly Debt and Indemnity Commission meetings and undertaking regular reviews of existing intermediary relationships to ensure they continue to meet the Conduct of Business Code requirements.
The successful candidate will have a minimum of 5 years' financial services experience.
To discuss this role further please email your CV to jobs@mckenziefox.com or call us on 01624 698900, quoting reference MF202.


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Home / Shop / Award Winners / Home Land
Home Land
Ranching and a West That Works
A Rocky Mountain Land Library Reader
Winner, Colorado Book Award
Edited by Laura Pritchett, Richard L. Knight, and Jeff Lee
Introduction by Teresa Jordan
All Americans, whether they live in the city or country, whether they lean politically left or right, whether they prize open space for the view or the productive capacity of the land, and whether they know a Hereford from an Angus, should read this book. If you care about the West, you must care about the lands of the West—lands that are disappearing rapidly, along with the people and cultures that go along with it.
In this collection of 22 essays, the editors have brought together some of the best–and most insightful–writing on ranching in the West. These writers explore the changing landscape of the West, and how, in an age of huge, corporate-owned ranches, the small rancher can survive. This book brings together the best writers in the West today—including poets, ranchers, and conservationists—in a one-of-a-kind, unique look at the West, literally our Home Land.
Writings by:
Aaron Abeyta
Julene Bair
Bob Budd
Joan Chevalier
Drum Hadley
Page Lambert
Wallace McRae
Sharon Salisbury O'Toole
Diane Josephy Peavey
Nathan F. Sayre
Mark Spragg
Kim Stafford
Paul F. Starrs
Courtney White
Categories: Award Winners, Bower House, Nature | Environment, Nonfiction, Western U.S. Product ID: 1640
Bower House
Jeff Lee, Laura Pritchett, Richard L. Knight, Rocky Mountain Land Library
Jeff Lee
Jeff Lee is director of the Rocky Mountain Land Library, a nonprofit educational organization whose mission is to encourage a greater awareness of the land. For the past twenty years, he has also been a bookseller at Denver's legendary Tattered Cover Book Store.
The Landscape of Home
The Elephant's Chiropractor
The War Against the Greens
Enos Mills' Colorado
Guide to Prehistoric Astronomy in the Southwest
Mummer Prisoner Scavenger Thief
The Blind Man's Elephant
Bower House © 2019 All Rights Reserved


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New Colorado Law Authorizes Restorative Justice Conferences for Adjudicated Youth
(L-R) Colorado youth RJ bill author Pete Lee, Governor Bill Ritter, Representative Michael Merrifield and Senator John Morse, at the bill-signing ceremony
On March 31, 2008, Colorado Governor Bill Ritter signed into law House Bill 08-1117, which authorizes the use of restorative justice (RJ) in the state's Children's Code and gives Colorado the legislative edge among states that sanction the use of RJ. The bill passed 63-1 in the House and 33-0 in the Senate.
Upon signing the bill, Governor Ritter said, "By making juvenile offenders take responsibility for the consequences of their actions, we can teach them that the decisions they make, both good and bad, will affect the course of their life. Repairing the harm that someone has caused can be the thing that matters most in the criminal justice system." Added Ritter, "As a former prosecutor, I've seen too many people start out committing minor crimes as juveniles and escalate to committing serious crimes as adults. We must do everything we can to intervene early and break this cycle."
The law, sponsored by State Representative Michael Merrifield in the House and by State Senator John Morse in the Senate, gives judges the authority to offer accused young offenders the legal option to voluntarily participate in RJ processes. The law encodes a well-defined definition of restorative justice and practices:
" 'Restorative Justice' means those practices that emphasize repairing the harm to the victim and the community caused by criminal acts. Restorative justice practices may include victim-offender conferences attended voluntarily by the victim, a victim advocate, the offender, community members, and supporters of the victim or the offender that provide an opportunity for the offender to accept responsibility for the harm caused to those affected by the crime and to participate in setting consequences to repair the harm. Consequences recommended by the participants may include, but need not be limited to, apologies, community service, restoration, and counseling. The selected consequences are incorporated into an agreement that sets time limits for completion of the consequences and is signed by all participants."
Said Merrifield, "My constituents in Colorado Springs and especially in Manitou Springs came and showed me what was taking place in the school system and in the judicial system for juveniles. There were great results — fewer suspensions and dropouts — and they were keeping kids out of the criminal system. They asked if they could do it on a statewide basis and said it would be a great thing for Colorado."
Merrifield said he believes the new law will allow RJ to do in Colorado what it does wherever it is used. "It cuts down on recidivism; it gives kids a second chance; it gives victims a chance to come to closure; and it gives offenders opportunities to acknowledge their crimes and to make amends. Hence, it is restorative."
In 2007 Merrifield sponsored the first state law in Colorado to address restorative justice. HB 07-1127 strongly encouraged existing district juvenile services planning committees to "consider programs with restorative justice components…" It also established a nine-member statewide restorative justice council, composed of representatives appointed by the departments of public safety, education, human services and the judiciary, the division of youth corrections, two representatives of private NGOs working to develop and implement RJ, and a district attorney with juvenile experience.
Tom Quinn, state director of Probation Services and a member of the statewide restorative justice council, said he testified in favor of HB 08-1117 and that he believes the law is a step in the right direction. "The law allows judges to offer RJ during advisement if applicable, and probation decides if the offender is suitable. This has been going on, but the law puts the imprimatur of the legislature behind it. It says, 'This is a priority,' and it moves RJ into the forefront of judges' and reviewers' minds."
Added Quinn, "RJ is not standardized in Colorado, and it's not happening in all areas. One thing I do think will happen is that in different districts – Colorado has 22 – prosecutors and judges will exchange information. For example, at meetings of prosecutors across the state, they'll say, 'What are you doing?' The law will help get things started and increase options for RJ."
RJ in Colorado has developed at the grassroots level, both in the primary population center in Colorado known as the Front Range region, which extends north and south along I-25 from Denver, the capital and largest city in the state, and also in other smaller cities like Alamosa and Salida.
Tim Turley, program manager, Denver Public Schools Prevention and Intervention Services, formerly chief probation officer for the Denver Juvenile Probation Office, said that over 10 years ago he started the first restorative justice probation department in the state. During his tenure, probation officers writing pre-sentencing reports on guilty young offenders determined whether to recommend restorative justice meetings for certain offenders, and these recommendations were often fed into sentencing conditions. The current law incorporates and authorizes a similar process, and goes a step further in that it requires judges, while reading youth their other legal rights, to tell youth and their families about the chance to participate in a restorative meeting at some point in the legal process.
Now Turley is promoting restorative justice in the Denver public school system, a sprawling district with over 130 schools in both urban and suburban neighborhoods. The program currently employs seven full-time RJ coordinators who facilitate restorative conferences and mediations in five high schools and two middle schools. RJ is seen as an alternative to traditional forms of school discipline with the potential to reduce suspensions and expulsions and to help resolve student/student and teacher/student conflicts. Turley believes the new state law formalizes the work that has already been taking place across the state in the field of restorative justice.
Beverly Title, another member of the statewide restorative justice council, is CEO of Teaching Peace, an organization based in Longmont, 35 miles north of Denver, which serves 150 offenders a year. Trained community volunteers (50 in all, 20 of whom are bilingual in English and Spanish) conduct restorative conferences and also facilitate restorative circles in cases when there is mutual responsibility among participants for the crime, as in the peacemaking circles Teaching Peace has organized to deal with gang-related offenses in schools.
Title said that Longmont Chief of Police Mike Butler has a strong community policing philosophy, and that Longmont police are authorized at their discretion to divert cases from the criminal system and refer would-be offenders to restorative justice programs like Teaching Peace. Currently 87 percent of Teaching Peace's clients are referred directly by police, with only a small number of referrals coming from judges and local public schools.
Title believes Teaching Peace may start seeing more referrals coming from the courts now. "Before, people were doing RJ, but sometimes felt like they were operating on the fringe of legitimacy. The new law establishes RJ as part of the Children's Code. It legitimizes this as a diversion."
Colorado Springs and neighboring Manitou Springs, about 70 miles south of Denver in the Pikes Peak region, are making important contributions to RJ in the state. Pete Lee, an attorney running to represent his district in the State Senate, drafted HB 08-1117 and has actively fostered community justice initiatives for 30 years. Lee and his wife Lynn have volunteered for community and restorative justice initiatives, sat on the boards of community service organizations serving youth, and promoted the use of restorative justice. They both currently serve on the Manitou Springs Restorative Justice Council, along with the city prosecutor, a city councilman, the chief judge, the superintendent of schools, a local minister, the high school principal and a number of citizens – "a true community board," said Lee.
In drafting HB 08-1117, Lee said, "we worked with children's advocates, probation officers, public defenders, prosecutors, juvenile magistrates and victims. We tried to stay as close to the fundamental principles of restorative justice as possible." Last fall he met with youth magistrates and prosecutors to learn their concerns. The only question he got was from the district attorney, who needed to be assured that victim participation in the meetings would be voluntary, out of respect to victims and to ensure they wouldn't be re-victimized.
"Anyone who knows anything about restorative justice knows that it's completely voluntary," said Lee. "It's a victim-centered process. We need to respond to the needs of the victims. When you explain to the victim that the chief reason for the meeting is to facilitate their needs, they almost always agree to participate."
Lee said that in his experience victims generally want two things: "They want to know why they were victims. In most cases they discover it was purely opportunity, and that makes them feel better. They also want an apology; oftentimes they want tangible proof of remorse." Most conferences' written agreements include the requirement of a written apology, he added.
Lee also described the transformative potential for the offender "once they hear the victim describe the event. If they have any heart beating in their chest, or soul left in their body, they feel something," said Lee. He noted that in Manitou, 41 of 44 cases referred to restorative justice conferences for both children and adults ended in agreements that were fully completed by the offender.
Part two of this article will take a closer look at how restorative justice is being implemented in various programs in Colorado schools, court systems for youth and adults, and at the state youth detention facility.


text:
November 1, 2021 Davis Instruments
Davis Partners In Unique Groundwater Recharging Research Project
Last month our Davis Instruments team was happy to get our boots muddy by partnering with Fresno State University in an important research project to expand farmers' ability to recharge vital groundwater. Our EnviroMonitor system will give the researchers the data they need to determine the effectiveness of a system that allows farmers to recharge the groundwater without interrupting farm activities.
In California's Central Valley, the "food basket of the world," farmers are facing another year where the word "water" is always on their mind.
When farming began to boom in the fertile, sunny, and vast Central Valley, water from rain and snowpack was dependable. The valley was home to the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi, Tulare Lake. But today, climate change, droughts, and the ever-growing demand for fruits, nuts, vegetables, and cereals have led to serious issues with water.
We've drained Tulare Lake and built hundreds of miles of canals and aqueducts to irrigate 5 million acres of farmland and provide water for 4 million residents in eight valley counties. Today, much of the water used to irrigate those acres and provide drinking water comes from groundwater. According to the USGS, about 20% of the nation's groundwater demand is in California's Central Valley; it is the second-most pumped aquifer system in the U.S.
The pressure has been mounting for farmers in the Valley for years, but the drought of 2012 – 2016 intensified it even more. State and federal water supplies were cut off, forcing farmers to turn to watering from aquifers – water stored both naturally and intentionally underground. Accelerated pumping caused dry wells and the land to actually sink – sections of the 400-mile long California Aqueduct dropped more than two feet. Over-pumping the groundwater also led to contamination of the water that was left with nitrate and salts.
In 2014, lawmakers recognized the need to act quickly to improve groundwater supplies by passing the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, with the goal of replenishing and sustaining California's groundwater by 2040.
In California, and many other places, groundwater has become Ground Zero.
Davis Instruments was happy to partner with an exciting research project aimed at allowing growers to recharge their groundwater without interrupting normal farm operations. The project, the Subsurface Artificial Groundwater Recharge System, is the being led by Cordie Qualle, Fresno State civil engineering professor and Interim Director of the California Water Institute.
Davis's Ag Sales Manager, Kaylan Pollard, with Fresno State Engineering faculty member Cordie Qualle at the the groundwater aquifer recharge research project at FSU's almond orchard. Photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2021.
Qualle knows how urgent the need is to recharge groundwater. 125 million acre-feet of water has been taken out of Central Valley groundwater aquifers in past century; 20 million in just the past decade.
California's drought conditions have created scenarios where farmers can't count on rainfall or even snowpack to create irrigation water. They can count on sudden storms, "big gulps," where lots of rain falls and drains into the rivers and out to the delta and eventually to the Pacific Ocean - water lost to these farmers. Growers in the Central Valley know they must try to save whatever water they can to recharge the aquifers for later use. They have normally done this by using precious land resource for canals, basins, and ponds to add to natural aquifer rechargers like rivers, lakes, and floodwaters. They've used their fields during non-growing seasons as recharge sources by flooding them. They've injected water into wells and even imported and recycled water to recharge the aquifers.
But Qualle asked, "Can growers recharge aquifers, year-round, using their working fields and orchards without impacting farm activities?"
Installing deep Sentek sensors in the Fresno State University groundwater aquifer research project requires a big drill. Photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2021.
Qualle's research is focused on the installation of a system of leach lines -- perforated pipes -- laid deep beneath growing crops, into which water, filtered to remove salts and prevent clogging, can be pumped from canals.
"Glenn Down at LIDCO has been installing these systems for a few years now. We decided to do the science around that technology," Qualle said. "It's an exciting idea, because it opens the use of agricultural land for recharging, unlike basins that tie up the land."
"This is not subsurface irrigation," he said. "The leach lines are much deeper than the roots of the crop. In our test almond orchard, the lines are at about 10 feet, and the tree roots are about 4 – 5 feet deep. The intent is to get the water into the ground water, rather than let it evaporate or flow on the surface to rivers."
The team, including Cordie Qualle, FSU Engineering grad student Gabriela Boniia, MSCE grad student Mary Church, Davis's Kaylan Pollard, Sentek's Gill Costa, and Josh Shedden, installing soil moisture sensors at FSU's groundwater aquifer recharge research project. Photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2021.
In October, three leach lines were laid in two adjacent rows about 20' apart in the test almond orchard at Fresno State University. Sentek moisture sensors extend 30' down, at 2.5-foot intervals. The sensors are mounted in EnviroMonitor Nodes and report to a Cellular Gateway. The research team uses the WeatherLink API system to capture their data for analysis. The allows the team to see how the water moves and how saturated the soil is at that depth.
"The goal is to be able to look at how the water moves; how much we put in and how much is recharged," Qualle said.
"This is not a quick process," he reminded us. "It will take weeks, even years, for the water to reach the water table that is 70 or 80 feet deep, and then move laterally toward the well. Recharge has to happen 24/7, year in and year out. But water, while a property right, is really a community resource. The goal is to recharge the aquifers."
The advantages to growers include the ability to use their land for growing and recharging at the same time. It can be installed anywhere without disturbing the surface. It is economically feasible, while the loss of groundwater and failure to comply with water conservation regulations can make "doing things like we always have" turn into economic disaster.
Davis's own Kaylan Pollard was on hand to help with the installation.
Davis's Agricultural Sales Manager, Kaylan Pollard, is not afraid to get her boots (and fingernails) muddy. Above, she checks the Sentek sensor's level; below, she helps Sentek's Gill Costa install it in an EnviroMonitor Node. Photos by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2021.
"Kaylan was great," Qualle recalled. "She knows her stuff. All the Davis team was just great. Any problems we encountered, the guys in Hayward quickly solved. Davis is the best partner ever!"
"It was great to show everyone how easy it is to install an EnviroMonitor system," Kaylan said. "This was a very specific use of soil moisture sensors, and much deeper than we normally see them installed. But because EnviroMonitor is so easy to customize, being unique is no problem. Every installation is unique – that's the nature of farming. We designed EnviroMonitor to do what each unique user wants it to do."
Fresno State civil engineering grad student Gabriella Bonilla was integral to getting the project funded. She helped write a $50,000 grant that was matched with $25,000 from donors. Partners like Davis, LIDCO Inc, CalWest Rain, Grundfos Pumps, RedTrac, the City of Clovis, Moor Twining Associates, Fresno State Farm, and the Agriculture Research Institute all jumped at the chance to help out.
We are very proud to be part of this project. Since globally ground water comprises 30% of the world's fresh water, with another 69% tied up in in ice caps and mountain snow/glaciers, groundwater is going to be the key to a future where freshwater is available for crops, animal agricultural, and human consumption. We are happy to help our great state of California lead the world in developing ways to recharge and sustain groundwater.
Read more in this story by Rebecca Wass in the Fresno State Magazine.
Filed in: EnviroMonitor
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text:
globalnation / Middle East & Africa
Remains of OFW killed in Kuwait arrive in PH
By: Christia Marie Ramos - Reporter / @CMRamosINQ
INQUIRER.net / 12:05 AM January 09, 2020
The body of slain OFW Jeanelyn Villavende at NAIA (Photo from the DFA Office of the Undersecretary for Migrant Workers' Affairs)
MANILA, Philippines — The remains of Filipino household service worker Jeanelyn Villavende, who was allegedly killed by her employer's wife last month, arrived in Manila Wednesday afternoon.
Villavende's remains arrived at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport and were received by her family.
Labor Secretary Silvestre Bello III earlier said that Villavende's remains would first be flown to General Santos City for re-autopsy and would then be taken to her hometown in Nurala, South Cotabato.
Foreign Affairs Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. met with the slain worker's family hours before the arrival of her remains.
"She was just 5 months in their employ and her torture began relieved only by the few seconds she was given for phone calls to her family whose typhoon destroyed dwelling she wanted to rebuild. Then no more calls," Locsin wrote on Twitter.
She was just 5 months in their employ and her torture began relieved only by the few seconds she was given for phone calls to her family whose typhoon destroyed dwelling she wanted to rebuild. Then no more calls. Gave family P100,000. That's P20,000 for every month of her agony. https://t.co/guX8fWLzaX
— Teddy Locsin Jr. (@teddyboylocsin) January 8, 2020
The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) said Villavende's family was given financial assistance of P100,000 "to help defray the costs of the funeral expenses."
The DFA said it had also commissioned a "top-notch" criminal lawyer in Kuwait to pursue the case against Villavende's killers and ensure that justice would be served.
The employer and his wife, the alleged perpetrators behind the worker's death, remain in jail in Kuwait, the DFA noted.
"For what they did to her the death penalty is a mercy," Locsin said in a separate tweet.
He also vowed to go after Villavende's local recruitment agency.
"I'm gonna get that native recruiter who sent her to her torment," he said.
The embalmment certificate of Villavende's body showed that she died on Dec. 28, 2019 due to "acute failure of heart and respiration as result by shock and multiple injuries in the vascular nervous system."
Her death triggered the imposition of partial ban on the deployment of household service workers to Kuwait following the Philippine government's outrage over the incident, which was deemed a violation of the labor agreement between the two nations on the protection of overseas Filipino workers.
In February 2018, the Philippines imposed a total deployment ban on Kuwait after authorities found inside a freezer the body of domestic help Joanna Demafelis, who was killed by her employers.
The ban was lifted three months later after Manila and Kuwait signed the said agreement.
PH ready to repatriate Filipinos in UAE
TAGS: Department of Foreign Affairs, DFA, Jeanelyn Villavende, OFW killed in Kuwait, Overseas Filipino workers, slain OFW


text:
UK's Johnson plans full customs and border checks on EU goods
Published: FEBRUARY 1, 2020 02:15
LONDON - British Prime Minister Boris Johnson is preparing to impose full customs and border checks on all European goods entering the United Kingdom after Brexit, in an attempt to ramp up pressure on the bloc in trade talks, the Telegraph newspaper reported.
"We are planning full checks on all EU imports - export declarations, security declarations, animal health checks and all supermarket goods to pass through Border Inspections Posts," The Telegraph quoted a senior government source as saying.
"This will double the practical challenge at the border in January 2021," the source was quoted as saying.


This isn't something I do very often.
Rush is running into copyright trouble with distributing his show as a "podcast" (I still can't say that word without feeling a little funny).
I heard Art Bell complain about the same thing last weekend on his show (forget if it was Saturday or Sunday).
The issue is that both those guys play music, in the form of both parodies and "bumper" music, which is the word for the songs they play during the little intermissions in the show.
They can't include that music in the recordings that they provide for download, because that would be distributing copyrighted material without permission of the artists (or rather, the labels). Playing the music on the radio (or streaming it on the Internets), and distributing it as downloadable recording, are not the same thing in the eyes of the law, as it now stands.
Nevermind that I can record and therefore "download" the streams with no trouble at all.
Both hosts are really into their music, and so this is rather sad. I hope they get in a huff about it. I really like Art Bell (though I would not want him dictating our foreign policy) already, and am kind of used to having him on my side about a lot of things. But having Rush be arguing from the same perspective as me on an issue would be novel and entertaining. Maybe even effective.


text:
Schluchsee (gemeente)
Schluchsee (meer)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Starkville è una città (city) degli Stati Uniti d'America, capoluogo della contea di Oktibbeha, nello Stato del Mississippi.

Note

Voci correlate
 Golden Triangle

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Comuni del Mississippi


text:
Q: Integration by parts: is this legitimate way of using? Is it legitimate to write
$$\int_0^a\mathrm{d}x\,f(x)g(x)=\left[f(x)\int_0^x\mathrm{d}x\,g(x)\right]_0^a-\int_0^a\mathrm{d}x\,\frac{\mathrm{d}f(x)}{\mathrm{d}x}\int_0^x\mathrm{d}x\,g(x)$$
Thanks.

A: It's good, if read correctly; you are less likely to make errors with this if you set
$$
G(x)=\int_0^xg(t)\,dt
$$
and write
$$
\int_0^af(x)g(x)\,dx=
\Bigl[f(x)G(x)\Bigr]_0^a-\int_0^a f'(x)G(x)\,dx
$$
If you prefer not to use $G$, you can write
$$
\int_0^af(x)g(x)\,dx=
\left[f(x)\int_0^x g(t)\,dt\right]
-
\int_0^a f'(x)\left(\int_0^x g(t)\,dt\right)\,dx
$$

A: Yes!It is correct
Let $u=f(x)$, $dv=g(x)dx$,
$du=f'(x)dx, v=\int_{0}^{a}g(x)dx$
so
$\int_{0}^{a}f(x)g(x)dx=[f(x)\int_{0}^{x}g(x)dx]_{0}^{a}-\int_{0}^{a}[\int_{0}^{x}g(x)dx]f'(x)dx $
Next, integrate by parts a second time,
$u=f'(x)dx, dv=\int_{0}^{a}g(x)dx$
$du=f''(x)dx, v=\int_{0}^{a}\int_{0}^{a}g(x)(dx)^{2}$
$\int_{0}^{a}f(x)g(x)dx=[f(x)\int_{0}^{x}g(x)dx]_{0}^{a}-[f'(x)\int_{0}^{x}\int_{0}^{x}g(x)(dx)^{2}]_{0}^{a}+\int_{0}^{a}[\int_{0}^{x}\int_{0}^{x}\int_{0}^{x}g(x)(dx)^{3}]f''(x)dx $

A: Almost, but not quite.  I'm seeing a lot of notational issues and other issues around here which could lead to trouble.  Instead, say:
$u = f(x), \qquad dv = g(x) \, dx$
$du = f'(x)\, dx, \qquad v = \displaystyle \int_0^x g(t) \, dt + v(0)\qquad $ (this $v$ is explained later in the post)
Then we have
$$ \int_0^a f(x) g(x) \, dx = \left[f(x) \left(\int_0^x g(t)\, dt + v(0)\right)\right]\Bigg|_{x=0}^{x=a} - \int_0^a \left(\int_0^x g(t)\, dt + v(0)\right) f'(x) \, dx $$
Here's a breakdown of what's what in the formula:
$$ \overbrace{\int_0^a \underbrace{f(x)}_{\color{red}{u}} \underbrace{g(x) \, dx}_{\color{red}{dv}}}^{\color{blue}{\int_{x=0}^{x=a} u \, dv}} = \overbrace{\left[\underbrace{f(x)}_{\color{red}{u}} \underbrace{\left(\int_0^x g(t)\, dt + v(0)\right)}_{\color{red}{v}}\right]\Bigg|_{x=0}^{x=a}}^{\color{blue}{uv\big|_{x=0}^{x=a}}} - \overbrace{\int_0^a \underbrace{\left(\int_0^x g(t)\, dt + v(0)\right)}_{\color{red}{v}} \underbrace{f'(x) \, dx}_{\color{red}{du}}}^{\color{blue}{\int_{x=0}^{x=a} v \, du}} $$

Some explanations:
We already know that $dv = g(x) \, dx$.  Therefore $v'(x) = g(x)$, and the FTC tells us that $\int_0^x v'(t) \, dt = v(x) - v(0)$.  Well, since $v'(t)$ is $g(t)$, then we have $v(x) - v(0) = \int_0^x g(t) \, dt$, which gives us $v = \int_0^x g(t) \, dt + v(0)$.  Notice how I'm using $t$ as the variable of integration.  This is because $x$ is a limit of integration, and in general it's very bad form (and personally I would say incorrect) to have a limit of integration be the same as the variable of integration.  And we need the variable of integration to be $x$ because $v$ is a function of $x$.
Note that the $f'(x) \, dx$ in the integral on the RHS above is ok, because it's the inner integral that has $x$ as a limit, but the $f'(x) \, dx$ is for the outer integral.  In fact, this actually has to be $f'(x)\, dx$ because if we were to evaluate $\int_0^x g(t) \, dt + v(0)$, we would get a function of $x$.  Therefore the outer integral needs to be $dx$, which means we must have $f'(x) \, dx$ in order for this to work out.

Example:  $ \displaystyle \int_0^{\pi/2} x \cos x \, dx$
I'll run through this twice.  Once how we would do it in practice, and then again in a manner similar to how I explained above.
In practice:
$u = x, \qquad dv = \cos x \, dx$
$du = dx, \qquad v = \int \cos x \, dx = \sin x$
Note the lack of arbitrary constant of integration on $v$.  It's because it always cancels out in the end anyway, so for simplicity we just don't bother with it.  Anyway, plugging everything into the formula gives us:
$$\int_0^{\pi/2} \underbrace{x}_{\color{red}{u}} \underbrace{\cos x \, dx}_{\color{red}{dv}} = \underbrace{x}_{\color{red}{u}}\underbrace{(\sin x)}_{\color{red}{v}}\bigg|_0^{\pi/2} - \int_0^{\pi/2} \underbrace{\sin x}_{\color{red}{v}} \, \underbrace{dx}_{\color{red}{du}}$$
Similar to my explanation above:
$u = x, \qquad dv = \cos x \, dx$
$du = dx, \qquad v = \int_0^x \cos t \, dt + v(0)$
Let's take a closer look at $v$.  We have
\begin{align}
  v &= \int_0^x \cos t \, dt + v(0)\\[0.3cm]
    &= \underbrace{\sin t}_{\color{blue}{\text{this is $v(t)$}}}\bigg|_0^x + \underbrace{v(0)}_{\substack{\color{blue}{\text{therefore}} \\ \color{blue}{v(0) = \sin 0}}}\\[0.3cm]
    &= \underbrace{\sin x - \sin 0 + \sin 0}_{\color{blue}{v(x) - v(0) + v(0)}}\\[0.3cm]
    &= \sin x
\end{align}
Notice how the $+v(0)$ is necessary to cancel out the $-v(0)$. And yes, in this case it wouldn't have mattered because $v(0) = 0$ anyway, but that won't be true in general so we do need to be careful.  But again, in practice what we do is actually much simpler, and I only wrote my answer this way to show what's really happening behind the scenes and so I could avoid notational issues in the double integral near the end.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tucked away from the hustle and bustle of Belgium lies the quaint, medieval city of Bruges. Cobbles pave the Flemish streets boasting architecture, historical sites and a canal. Although a small city, it is bursting with things to do and places to explore.
For a bird's eye view of the city, climb the 366 steps of the Belfry tower, the centrepiece of the Markt square. If heights aren't for you, take a boat along the canal or perhaps a romantic trip on a horse and cart but the best way to explore the city is by foot. Take long walks in and around the city to seek out those hidden corners of Bruges. A must see is the Basilica of the Holy Blood, located just off the Markt. The Basilica is believed to hold the blood of Jesus Christ and is home to some truly stunning architecture.
Bruges offers everything you could want in the way of typical Belgian specialties: beer and chocolates. The selection of beers is never ending, varying from blonde to brown and even fruit based. To get a taste visit the Beer Museum, located centrally near the Markt square. Another option is to go right to the source at De Haalve Maan Brewery, where some local beers are produced, a short walk from the Markt.
For the chocoholics, Bruges has its very own Chocolate Museum offering the history of chocolate and more importantly, tasters. If the museum isn't for you then not to worry, the streets are lined with chocolatiers offering handmade chocolates in their kilos. There is a wide selection of restaurants both in the centre and in the connecting streets. For a local dish, try the beer infused Flemish beef stew or, for something sweet, try an authentic Belgian waffle.
The closest airport to Bruges is Brussels, however, Eurolines run a daily service from London Victoria directly to Bruges railway station making travel easy, convenient and best of all, cheap!
With Easter just around the corner, Bruges is the perfect destination to get your chocolate fix whilst enjoying the picturesque surroundings.


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Thread: Biggest improvement for 2019?
I am going to say Gannon will have the biggest improvement for 2019. And Shepard will be a top 3 in the PSAC .
Re: Biggest improvement for 2019?
Well, they're in the East and their crossovers are Meryhurst, Clarion and Seton Hill so you're probably right.
Of note: Shepherd gets Kutztown, Shippensburg and West Chester all at home this year.
Easy. By August Tony33 will have Mercyhurst winning the national title.
Not sold on Gannon. Same buzz every year. Then the season starts. No coaching.
Seems like one or both of them always have the 'this is the year it all comes together' hype in the summer. Other than a couple good seasons, nothing ever materializes.
Those two have now played 11 full seasons in the PSAC. Combined they have three division titles (Hurst in '10 and '12; Gannon in '14). All three were shared titles and only once has one represented the West in the State Game (2010 when Hurst beat Bloom).
I didn't expect much from Seton Hill, but I did expect Mercyhurst and Gannon to bring a little more to the table in football.
and you know I will have them up there. Nice recruiting class, but we beat Gannon on a regular.
Gonna sound like a homer here, but if Leiby comes back healthy and the OLine is able to gel, wouldn't Bloom have a legit shot to contend in the east?
O line ,Secondary and dline lost some solid long time starters. I would say bloom Ranked 3rd or 4th preseason east. Qb is in stone on some some psac east teams but not bloom. Leiby has to beat out Benjamin first.


Do আপনি like this for the club banner?
অনুরাগী চয়ন: Yes! I like it!
Do আপনি like this for our new spot icon?
Do আপনি follow Colin's musical career in the band The Enemies?
অনুরাগী চয়ন: Not so much, I just listened to some of their songs.
Which genre of movie would আপনি like to see Colin acting?
Was OUAT the first thing আপনি saw him in?


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Comprehensive list of Placentia, California based companies and technicians offering computer repair and maintenance services (PC, laptop or notebook). Fix your computer problems now!
We supply Professional Support for computers, and technology. Our passion for computers runs deep. We focus on the interaction between human and machine to bring our customers an environment that they feel comfortable with. We supply On-Site, Remote, Phone, and Email support for Business and home users. The use of these various support methods enables us to be flexible and responsive to your requirements.


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Find A Top Doc
   
Valley Lifestyle
Back to Top Doctors
Michael C Switzer
www.ciccenters.com
"I have a passion for treating peripheral arterial disease (PAD)," says Dr. Michael Switzer. "It's an under-recognized and therefore under-treated condition because half the people who have it don't know it." Properly diagnosing and treating PAD improves blood flow to the legs preventing wounds, pain, amputations and even death.
People with PAD may notice a dull cramping pain or a feeling of heaviness or tightness in their legs. "Our primary goal is to diagnose and treat the condition before irreparable damage occurs," explains Switzer. "Listening to your body and recognizing the symptoms of PAD, is the first, and most important, step to getting the treatment you need to live a long, healthy life."
Every patient receives the highest-quality care from our committed, compassionate team of medical specialists at CiC. Giving the information you need and the care you deserve, sets us apart.
Comprehensive Integrated Care
2601 E Roosevelt St
For more than 50 years, PHOENIX magazine's experienced writers, editors, and designers have captured all sides of the Valley with award-winning and insightful writing, and groundbreaking report and design. Our expository features, narratives, profiles, and investigative features keep our 385,000 readers in touch with the Valley's latest trends, events, personalities and places.
© 2020 Developed for Cities West Media, Inc., by Northern Ground


Here in Montreal, our Jewish day schools have been a source of pride for generations as well as a defining characteristic of our community. It is largely through our schools that our children learn about Jewish history, values and traditions. Federation CJA is committed to promoting our Jewish schools, educational excellence, as well as educational access to every child in our community.
By freezing annual tuition from Kindergarten through grade 6 and Secondary I through V and offering additional subsidies to eligible Kindergarten and Secondary 1 students, our CAPS program gives more Jewish children the opportunity to take advantage of a high standard of education, as well as a strong Judaic-based curriculum.
Click here to learn about CAPS now!


This is multi-function girl handbag : as a bag , as a toy ,as innovative arts and crafts .
As a handbag : This fashion bag can take it outside, puts the some small products into it .
As a toys : kids can learn how to make their own toys for years to come .
As arts and crafts : Create your own handbag with your own fun designs .
1 : Easy to assemble - There is no cutting, sewing or knitting involved ,Simply tie the squares tiles together one by one .Fllow the instruction sheet / manual .
2 : Improve children's immagination - Children can layout the tiles and make so many patterns .
3 : Exercises Hand-eye coordination & motor skills- assemble bag by accessories .
4 : Reusable & durable- this squares tiles can be assembled and disassembled .
5 : Parent-child game - Make a bag with families together .
Usage Birthday gift, Christmas gift, girls toy , other educational toy.
Packing: Original gift box / window box .
Shipping: DHL, UPS, Fedex, TNT, EMS.
20-40 days for sea shipping.
A: Yes, Our factory with 5000-10000 square meters for 20 years, located in Shenzhen city, China.
Q: What kind of materials of the bag's accessories ?
A: Mainly materials is eco-friendly PVC , It's safe to touch the skin directly .
Q: Can you help me make my own design?
Q: Can I get a sample or trial order?
A: For sample or trial order, we agree with small quantity, but extra cost may be charged .
Sample cost : charged according to the quantity and size of the product .


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PM Hasina says drive against corruption to continue
BSS . Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: 27 October 2019, 10:20
Prime minister Sheikh Hasina on Saturday reissued a strong warning against the wrongdoers, saying that law will take its own course against those who will commit crimes.
"The law will take its own course against criminals irrespective of whoever they are and whichever party they belong to," she said when expatriate Bangladeshis living in Azerbaijan called on her at Hotel Hilton Baku in Baku, Azerbaijan in the evening.
"You've seen that it (action) is continuing. If any of our party man is indulged in crime, he or she is getting punishment instantly," the prime minister said.
Sheikh Hasina, also the Awami League president, said the criminals are just criminals. "We'll see criminals as criminals and we're trying to do that," she said.
The prime minister thinks that to give lesson to others, it should start from own yard. "I'm doing that (drive against corruption) and I'm continuing it," she said.
Referring to unbridled corruption committed by the BNP-Jamaat government, she said there was no limit of graft during their five-year misrule.
Sheikh Hasina said a vested quarter is committing heinous crimes by spreading rumours on various issues.
Replying to a question from an expatriate about better treatment of the BNP chairperson Begum Khaleda Zia, the prime minister said the BNP leader is getting more facilities than other prisoners.
"A maid servant is serving her (Begum Zia) in jail. That means she (maid servant) is now in prison to provide services to the BNP leader," she said.
The prime minister said in the history or any country, there is no such instance of keeping an innocent maid servant in jail by a convict. "Khaleda Zia is receiving that facility too," the prime minister said.
Sheikh Hasina said the BNP chairperson is now undergoing treatment at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital and she has been given a separate cabin there.
The prime minister said the BNP men are saying that she (Khaleda Zia) is sick. "I said that they could wage movement for her release."
"But they could not wage any movement or build up public opinion in this regard. But we've nothing to do and what can we do to this end?" she said.
Sheikh Hasina said Begum Khaleda Zia has been convicted in a case filed during the last caretaker government. "Some more cases against her are pending," she added.
The PM also said two sons of the BNP leader has been convicted in money laundering cases, 21 August grenade attack case and 10-truck arms haul case.
She said her government is continuing action against terrorism, corruption and drugs. "We're getting very good results from the drives… narcotics destroys a person and family," she observed.
"Overall, I'm trying my best and as long as I remain in power I'll continue working for the country," she said.
While talking about the Rohingya issue, the prime minister said discussion is underway with Myanmar to solve the problem. "We've constructed houses for 100,000 Rohingya families in Bhashanchar … but, many NGOs don't want they (Rohingyas) move to the island," she said.
Sheikh Hasina also spelled out the country's development achieved in various sectors including health, education, ICT and social safety net.
"Bangladesh is now a role model of development in the world due to this success," she said.
The prime minister also recalled the contributions of the expatriates to the country's socioeconomic development.
Sheikh Hasina said the government has so far purchased 10 aircraft from Boeing for enhancing air connectivity with different countries.
"We've taken initiatives to procure two more Boeing airplanes from the USA as well as three aircraft from Canada," she said.
Khaleda Zia
BSMMU


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Tapio Räisänen (* 10. Mai 1949 in Taivalkoski) ist ein ehemaliger finnischer Skispringer.

Werdegang
Räisänen, der für den Kainuun Hiihtoseura sprang, gab sein internationales Debüt beim Auftaktspringen zur Vierschanzentournee 1975/76 am 30. Dezember 1975 in Oberstdorf. Nachdem sein bestes Ergebnis der 28. Platz in Innsbruck war, beendete er die Tournee auf Rang 37 der Gesamtwertung.

1976 gewann er die Finnische Meisterschaft auf der Großschanze. Im gleichen Jahr sprang er bei den Svenska Skidspelen in Falun auf den zweiten Rang. Bei der Skiflug-Weltmeisterschaft 1977 in Vikersund erreichte er den siebenten Rang.

Bei der Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaft 1978 in Lahti wurde er dann überraschend mit Sprüngen auf 111,5 und 108 Metern Weltmeister auf der Großschanze, auf der Normalschanze wurde er mit Sprüngen auf 83,5 und 84,5 Metern Sechster. Beim Teamspringen gewann er mit der Mannschaft die Silbermedaille hinter dem siegreichen Team aus der DDR. Im Sommer 1978 gelang ihm der Sieg beim Springen auf der Mattenschanze in Berchtesgaden.

Mit der Vierschanzentournee 1978/79 bestritt er seine beste Tournee. Mit dem neunten Rang auf der Paul-Außerleitner-Schanze in Bischofshofen erreichte er sein bestes Tournee-Einzelergebnis.

Nach einem Sieg bei einem FIS-Springen in Sapporo 1980 gelang ihm sein einziger A-Klasse-Sieg nach der Weltmeisterschaft 1978. Es war zudem sein letzter großer Erfolg, bevor er seine Karriere beendete.

Räisänen ist verheiratet und Vater von zwei Kindern. Heute ist er im Tourismus tätig und betreibt die Ferienanlage Kuuharjun Mökit (dt. Blockhäuser Kuuharju) im lappischen Taivalkoski. Zudem engagiert er sich in seiner Skisprungschule für Kinder und Jugendliche. Die Finnische Ministerin für Bildung und das Ministerium für Kultur verliehen Räisänen am 19. Dezember 2012 den mit 20.000 Euro dotierten "Pro Sports Recognition Award" für seine im Sporte erreichten Leistungen.

Erfolge

Vierschanzentournee-Platzierungen

Literatur

Weblinks

 Tapio Räisänen auf The-Sports.org (Profil 1)
 Tapio Räisänen auf The-Sports.org (Profil 2)
 Tapio Räisänen auf Berkutschi.com

Einzelnachweise

Skispringer (Finnland)
Weltmeister (Skispringen)
Finnischer Meister (Skispringen)
Finne
Geboren 1949
Mann


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Ryedale, England, United Kingdom
Historic Sites in England
About Castle Howard
Castle Howard in Yorkshire is a magnificent 17th century stately home nestled among 1,000 acres of landscaped gardens and woodlands which has become a hugely popular visitor attraction.
The imposing architecture of Castle Howard was constructed from 1699 for the 3rd Earl of Carlisle and took over one hundred years to complete. Technically a stately home, not a castle, it is decorated in a baroque style, designed by John Vanbrugh. Despite no architectural experience, Vanbrugh managed to pull off an impressive feat.
Despite the ambitious original designs, looking at the house today it is somewhat uncoordinated. The sheer length of time and the number of Earls that oversaw the building of the house means that it is quite mismatched in design. Later Earls did not adhere to the original plans so the house therefore displays a varied array of architecture.
Sadly, much of the original house is no longer present today. Extensive fire damage in 1940 means that a large amount of the building had to be restored. A long and tireless project of restoration has brought much of the house back to life, but as yet the east wing remains a shell.
The survival of the house today is owed to George Howard. After the Howard family was devastated by losses during the second world war, the estate was expected to be divided and sold. George returned from war wounded and miraculously undertook the task of rebuilding and restoring the house. In 1952 he opened the estate to the public.
The house provides a wealth of art, architecture and history to see and explore. Paintings, tapestries, sculpture and furniture have been collected over the Howard generations. Guides are present all over the house to inform you of its history and tours of the house and garden are available with admission.
The house is not the only attraction of this estate; 1000 acres of woodland walks and lakeside footpaths provide visitors with a chance to see the beautifully landscaped grounds and rich horticulture.
The features of the grounds include the rose and vegetables gardens, the Ray Wood arboretum, fountains, lakes, the mausoleum and the statue collection.
Castle Howard is perfect for a family day out; activities and playgrounds provide amusement for children and the land train provides fun transport around the gardens.
Contributed by Rebecca Carman
Fountains Abbey was once a thriving monastery until Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries. Its ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Helmsley Castle
Helmsley Castle was a 12th century castle in York and the site of a dramatic siege during the English Civil War.
Chatsworth House is an English country estate that has served as the ancestral home of the Dukes of Devonshire. It was also the one-time prison of Mary Queen of Scots.
Bolsover Castle was once the site of a medieval fortress before its replacement with an ornate 17th century manor house modelled on a small castle. Now run by English Heritage.
Early Modern, United Kingdom, Castle
house@castlehoward.co.uk
Just as empires rise and fall so do entry fees and opening hours! While we work as hard as we can to ensure the information provided here about Castle Howard is as accurate as possible, the changing nature of certain elements mean we can't absolutely guarantee that these details won't become a thing of the past. If you know of any information on this page that needs updating you can add a comment above or e-mail us.
10 of the Best Historic Sites in the United Kingdom
Roman Sites in Britain
The Top 10 Tourist Attractions in the UK
Fascinating English Civil War Battlefields, Monuments and Sites
10 of the Best Norman Sites in Britain
Roman Aqueducts in Britain


even expats get the blues podcast.
a film by ryan, with some snippets from his time in pichilemu.
even expats get the blues no. 4 – expat fantods. when do i get to go home?
even expats get the blues no. 3 – who am i?


Cutter Mazda Waipahu invites Pearl City and Honolulu area drivers to our service department for prompt and professional auto maintenance and repairs. Our helpful service advisors and factory-trained technicians are here to provide you and your car with top-notch service. Whether you drive a Mazda car or SUV that could use a brake inspection or new tire installation or you drive a car of another make and it is time for an oil change, our service department staff are up to the task!
With the ASE Certified and Mazda factory-trained technicians here at the Cutter Mazda Waipahu service center, you can be confident that every repair or maintenance performed on your Mazda or other make is done the right way the first time. Our skilled service team understands the intricacies of Mazda vehicles like the CX-5, Mazda3 and MX-5 Miata, and we utilize genuine Mazda replacement parts to ensure the proper fit and functionality. In addition to our express auto services like oil changes, tire rotations and battery testing, we offer complete maintenance and repair for your car, including brake service, wheel alignment, engine and transmission repair, A/C system service, Mazda warranty repairs and more.
If you drive a Mazda6, CX-9 or any other Mazda vehicle, there is no better place to take your car for service than a Mazda service center like the one at Cutter Mazda Waipahu. With our Mazda factory-trained technicians, genuine Mazda components and Mazda-approved fluids, you can be confident that your Mazda is serviced and repaired to the high standard of the manufacturer. Plus, all service or repairs performed at the Cutter Mazda Waipahu service department are covered by a 12-month or 12,000-mile warranty! We even provide complimentary multi-point vehicle inspections with your service appointment!
Beyond our expertise and professionalism, we also provide plenty of conveniences to our guests, since we know that your time is valuable. From our online appointment scheduling and complimentary local shuttle service to after-hours vehicle drop-off and extended service hours, we strive to make automotive service convenient for you.
If you have time to wait for your car during an oil change or other auto service, please enjoy our customer lounge, fitted with complimentary beverages, comfortable seating and cable TV. Our parts department and tire store are also on-site, which allow you to shop for a new set of tires or genuine Mazda parts and accessories for your ride. We regularly offer military discounts on maintenance, repairs and parts, and are honored to assist local U.S. military members with all of their automotive needs!
We invite you to our Express Service Lane when the time comes for your car's next oil change, filter replacement or tire rotation. Our commitment to speedy auto service shines through in our Express Service, thanks to our dedicated team of technicians who get your vehicle in and out with fresh engine oil, fluids, filters or a battery test or tire inflation in minutes! With our Express Service, there is little to no waiting and no appointment necessary, so visit us at your convenience for that next oil change, battery test or tire service.


The disproportionate elements in this image, of water, sky and egg, lead us to recall perhaps the paintings of Renee Magrite or Salvador Dali. When I came upon this calm physical setting, however, It did not feel surreal, awkward or bizarre to me but rather deliciously exquisite and entirely familiar. I was taken by the symbolic coherence of nature and swiftly seduced in existential contemplation. How do things begin? What is possible? Are there limits?
This simple and serene ambiance guided my consciousness joyfully inward where I saw the landscape of spirit, a vista of peace for one and all.


China's health watchdog is worried that a drop in vaccination coverage driven by vaccine safety concerns will offset its achievements in limiting infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and measles.
The number of children vaccinated for hepatitis B in 10 Chinese regions declined by 30 percent at the end of last year, Li Quanle, an official with the National Health and Family Planning Commission's disease control and prevention bureau, warned ahead of World Immunization Week beginning on Friday.
Vaccination coverage for other diseases also declined by 15 percent on average, said Li, citing a survey conducted after a series of deaths in December was blamed on vaccines.
The 17 deaths were initially suspected to be caused by unqualified hepatitis B vaccines manufactured by Shenzhen-based BioKangtai and use of the company's vaccines were halted. Such assumptions were later ruled out, however.
The figures show how hard it is for China, a country which has successfully protected more than 80 million children from being infected with hepatitis B, to win back parents' confidence after scares like this.
Li said now the rate of vaccinations is back on the rise, but at a very slow pace. If the situation continues, according to the official, an estimated 400,000 to 500,000 children will be susceptible to infectious diseases.
The World Health Organization (WHO) also expressed "concern" about the situation in an written interview with Xinhua on Thursday.
"This is an especially tragic situation since China has made remarkable progress accelerating the control of hepatitis B through timely vaccination with safe and effective hepatitis B vaccines," said WHO China's Dr. Lance Rodewald, team leader for its Expanded Program on Immunization.
Saying he is confident in the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines used in China, Rodewald cited China's meeting international standards such as high-quality clinical trials testing vaccines, licensing, production, batch testing and vaccine safety monitoring.
Experts have been warning the decline in the vaccination rate may be a harbinger of more future diseases, which will burden families and the nation with costs that will be hard to bear.
Gao Lidong, vice director of a provincial disease control and prevention center in central China's Hunan Province, where suspected adverse reactions to vaccines have been reported, said it is very dangerous for so many parents to mindlessly reject vaccinations for their children.
"We have contained the incidence rates of adverse effects to hepatitis B vaccines within 1.1 for every one million vaccines, which is a level set by the WHO," said Gao.
The hepatitis B virus can cause chronic liver disease and infection, and increases the risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.
Official figures shows that China has 93 million carriers of hepatitis B. Each year, 280,000 people in the country die from diseases related to the virus.
In 1992, China added hepatitis B to a national immunization program, which has been covered by public funding. Other diseases such as polio, measles, hepatitis A are also included in the program.
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text:
Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs
Leona A. Sevick, Ph.D.
lsevick@bridgewater.edu
Dr. Leona Sevick joined Bridgewater College on July 1, 2016. She came to the College from Mount St. Mary's University in Maryland, where she served as Associate Provost and Associate Professor of English. During her nine years at Mount St. Mary's, she directed and helped design the university's core curriculum, developed and implemented successful student retention programming and played a central role in the university's successful bid for reaccreditation.
Prior to joining Mount St. Mary's, Sevick served as Assistant Academic Dean and Assistant Professor of English at Notre Dame of Maryland University. She also taught for seven years at McDaniel College.
Sevick has a Ph.D. and an M.A. in English language and literature from the University of Maryland. She received her bachelor's in English from McDaniel College.
A prolific writer, Dr. Sevick is an award-winning poet and is a member of the Association of Writers and Writing Programs and Phi Beta Kappa.


text:
2017 – 2018 Broadway End-of-Season Statistics
New York, NY – May 29, 2018 – The Broadway League has released end-of-season statistics for the 2017 – 2018 season, which began May 22, 2017 and ended May 27, 2018. For the 2017 – 2018 season, which was a 53-week season, total attendance reached 13,792,614 and Broadway shows yielded $1,697,458,795 in grosses, making it the best attended and highest grossing season in Broadway recorded history. All new and continuing productions ran a total of 1,624 playing weeks.
The 2017 – 2018 Broadway season concluded with attendance up 3.9%, grosses up 17.1%, and playing weeks up 2.8%.
As a point of reference, attendance through week 52 was 13.48 million, which was up 1.6% over last year's 52-week season, and still the best attended of any season on record. Grosses as of last week totaled $1.658 billion, also a record, and up 14.4% over last season.
"It's been a remarkably diverse season with a wide variety of outstanding musicals and plays on Broadway that have attracted a record number of theatregoers proving once again that there really is something for everyone on Broadway in a wide range of price points. Over 80% of the shows on Broadway had an average paid admission of under $130 and more than half of the shows that played this season (60%) had an average paid admission of less than $101," said Charlotte St. Martin, President of The Broadway League. "Since our last 53 week season, our attendance has grown 10% or 1.26 million theatregoers. It's not surprising that so many have been coming to experience the best of live theatre."
Broadway attendance in the 2017 – 2018 season topped those of the ten professional New York and New Jersey sports teams combined. Broadway surpassed the combined sports teams by over 3.5 million in attendance.
During the 2017-2018 season 33 productions opened which included: 10 musicals (7 original, 3 revivals), 20 plays (10 original, 10 revivals), and 3 special engagements.
Season Total Attendance Grosses Playing Weeks
2017-2018*
13.79 million
2016-2017**
*53 weeks **52 weeks
For comparative purposes, please note the last two 53-week seasons were 2010 – 2011 and 2003 – 2004.
53-Week Season Total Attendance Grosses Playing Weeks


text:
During the summer of 2008 I was interested in alternative engines. While researching and doing some thinking, I found videos of solenoid engines on the internet. I quickly became fascinated with the idea.
I decided to build my own solenoid engine and I noticed that all of the models I found were one or two pistons. I wanted to make my engine more unique so I designed it to have four pistons.
The picture to the left has labels over the major visible components of the engine.
These are the original pistons (magnetic cores not shown in picture) with crankshaft attachments that I designed for the engine. I kept the pistons but had to abandon the crankshaft attachments, the black plastic parts. There were two problems with these crankshaft attachments, friction and flexibility. The wood axels in the crankshaft did not lube well and the overall assembly would flex under any stress. The consequent engine would not rotate under its own power.
I switched to metal axels and acrylic sleeve bearings for the crankshaft. The new crankshaft has much less friction, better rigidity, and as a bonus it looks better. This version of the crankshaft can be seen more closely in the second to last picture.
The metal coils for the engine were made in three steps. First I glued two metal washers to a section of copper pipe to create a core, then I wrapped the it electrical tape for insulation, and finally I wrapped eight layers of 28 AWG wire around the core. Looking back, it would have been better for the efficiency to have used plastic for the core rather than metal. When a magnet moves through a copper pipe there is a resistive force cause by eddy currents induced in the copper. Not to mention the fact that magnets are attracted to steel washers.
Here is a shot of the final crankshaft assembly. For the metal that replaced the black parts in second picture from the top, I used old erecter set parts because they came predrilled and I didn't have the tools for properly machining metal. The black disk on the left is a flywheel which is made out of a metal plate I got from an outdated pair of snowboard click-in bindings. For coil timing I put two wire brushes on the left two piston rods. The contacts for these brushes were removed for the picture ( part of it can be seen as the blue part sticking into the picture at the bottom left).
There was a reason for the white box. When I initially started the project I thought the engine might be prone to over heating so I built a box around the solenoids that could be filled with mineral oil. Thankfully no oil is necessary, the coils warm up but by no means do they get too hot when operating at 12 volts.


There are many options, both surgical and nonsurgical, to consider throughout the gender affirmation process. Surgical options available for adults include top and bottom surgeries and facial masculinization and feminization. Nonsurgical gender affirmation procedures, available for adults, teens, and in some cases children, include hormone treatment, laser hair removal and speech therapy.
There is no one-size-fits-all approach for the gender affirmation process. Research surgical and nonsurgical options and talk to experts to create an individualized plan.