One Supreme Court case stands behind the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Controlled Substances Act, the Endangered Species Act and the Civil Rights Act. It's been cited in rulings involving hot-button issues such as health care reform and medical marijuana. But chances are you've never heard of it.
Despite its wide-reaching influence, hardly anyone outside of legal circles is aware of the 1942 case, Wickard v. Filburn. One man, Gary Marbut of Missoula, Mont., hopes to change that. If Marbut succeeds, we'll also hear about another Supreme Court case: the one that overturns Wickard.
On its surface, Wickard seems like an unlikely target for a fierce judicial battle. The case was not about criminal rights, free speech or racial equality; it was about wheat.
In 1941, Roscoe Filburn planted 23 acres of wheat, despite regulations at the time that limited farmers to 11.1 acres of the crop. The regulations, established under the Agricultural Adjustment Act, were intended to support crop prices during the Great Depression. Congress's power under the Constitution's Commerce Clause to "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes" justified the Act.
Filburn did not deny that he had grown more wheat than his allotment, but he claimed the regulations shouldn't apply to him because his wheat was for consumption on his own farm. Since the wheat would never enter the commercial market and would cross no state lines, Filburn said, Congress had no power to regulate it.
The ruling marked the end of the Supreme Court's opposition to President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and the wide range of new federal powers that came with it. At the height of the disagreement, Roosevelt attempted to pass a legislative initiative to add more justices to the court so he could appoint some judges more to his liking. The court-packing scheme failed, but with Wickard, the court finally embraced a view of the Constitution more in tune with the president's.
For nearly 70 years, Wickard has served as the bedrock for a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause, allowing the federal government to insert itself into a wide assortment of activities. While the Supreme Court has moved in a more conservative direction in recent years, placing both federal and state regulations under a higher degree of scrutiny, the basic principle behind Wickard has gone virtually unchallenged.
Enter Gary Marbut. Marbut is intentionally courting federal prosecution to force the Supreme Court to review and, he hopes, overturn Wickard. Rather than making his case with wheat, Marbut has chosen a somewhat less dry subject: guns.
Marbut began by convincing his home state of Montana to pass a law called the Firearms Freedom Act, stating that federal gun regulations do not apply to guns that are produced in the state and clearly stamped "Made in Montana" and "in-state." Since no other states are directly involved, Marbut argued, the only way the federal government could challenge the law would be by relying on Wickard. Montana passed the law.
As soon as the law was on the books, Marbut announced plans to manufacture and sell a miniature rifle aimed at children between ages five and 10. Marbut made it clear that he would sell the gun only within Montana and had no plans to follow federal guidelines. The federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives took the bait.
So far, Marbut has made it only as far as the district court, where, as expected, he lost. In the meantime, however, he has convinced seven additional states to pass versions of his Firearms Freedom Act. The spread of the laws will likely help him to get the notoriously picky Supreme Court to hear his appeal. Since only the Supreme Court has the power to overturn its own precedents, Marbut's sole chance of success is to arrive before the nation's highest court.
Overturning Wickard would be like taking the bottom block out of a Jenga tower. A lot of legal precedent would fall, and it would take a long time to sort out the mess. Exactly how the blocks would land would depend on what, exactly, the Supreme Court said about Wickard and what sort of interpretation of the Commerce Clause it offered as a replacement.
Most likely, conservatives would be generally happy about a reversal of Wickard, while most liberals would be unhappy. However, the complexity of the legal framework built on the foundations of Wickard would mean that each side would likely see some gains and some losses. Much federal regulation of businesses would likely fall, but so too would many federal laws dealing with marijuana and other drugs.
I can't say whether, on the whole, a reversal of Wickard would be good or bad. But the increased attention Marbut has brought to the question of federal regulations is a good thing. According to a study by retired Louisiana State University law professor John Baker, there are now 4,500 crimes in federal statutes, and many of them are based in some way on the interpretation of the Commerce Clause established by Wickard. Those crimes often overlap state statutes, creating a confusing patchwork in which ordinary citizens can be easily ensnared.
Whether or not Marbut makes Wickard disappear, he is likely to succeed in getting more people to think about the precedent and what this country would be like without it. For a case that is so completely taken for granted that it is virtually invisible, that is already an achievement.
2 Responses to "The Most Important Case You Never Heard Of"
Now this may be true of such a biased study, in truth. Now the facts cannot be argued. The Federal Government has done exactly the opposite as the creators of our nation attempted to prevent. The Federal Government was intentionally created with out specific powers of controlling the individual states commerce, because they new money and controlling commerce go together to corrupt individuals. The Founding Fathers had direct experience with this corruption and the suffering of persons due to the Kings and their aristocratic society of Europe. The recent Arab Spring is akin to the revolution of the newly formed American Colonies. We shall see how history continues.


More school districts around the U.S. are heeding the advice of scientists who have long said that expecting teens to show up to class before 8 a.m. isn't good for their health. Or for students' report cards.
The Seattle school board voted to adopt an 8:45 a.m. start time beginning next year for all of its high schools and most of its middle schools. Seattle joins 70 districts across the nation. The districts have adopted a later start time in recent years.
The movement still has a long way to go. There are more than 24,000 U.S. high schools and supporters expect that such decisions will be made more quickly now that people have mostly stopped debating the underlying science.
Proponents of later start times got a boost last year. That's when the American Academy of Pediatrics said that while starting later isn't a panacea for teen health and academic problems, it can improve students' lives in many other ways.
"Essentially, across the board, any domain that you look at improves pretty dramatically," said Dr. Judy Owens of Boston Children's Hospital. She is author of the academy's policy statement on teen sleep. After the report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also pushed for later bell times.
Research studies have shown later start times help combat sleep deprivation in teens. They naturally fall asleep later than their parents would like. And later start times could improve academic success, attendance, mental health and cut sleep-related car accidents.
"We're going to look back on this time period and wonder why it took so long," said Phyllis Payne of Start School Later. The organization helps parents groups advocate for later bell times. She said 49 new local groups have started in the last three years.
The obstacles to change are mostly financial. St. Paul, Minnesota, public schools delayed the adoption of later start times for all its high school students, even after seeing great results in a one-school pilot. That is because of transportation issues.
The district could not overcome parent complaints about earlier start times for elementary students. Those times were made necessary because of the new later times for high school students. It would cost St. Paul about $8 million to add more buses, explained Jackie Statum Allen. She is assistant director for strategic planning and policy.
In Seattle, officials encountered the same resistance. Some parents of younger children objected when bus schedules were flipped. Their kids were put on an earlier schedule for next year. Some parents argued that later start times will get in the way of after-school activities.
The Seattle change was approved in part because the district listened to parent feedback on an initial proposal. That made the final plan more expensive but also more popular, said Cindy Jatul. She is a Seattle teacher and parent and a volunteer with Start School Later Seattle.
An effort to move school start times in Chicago failed when the district tried to make the change without community input. "It backfired terribly," said Jatul, who got involved in the effort in Seattle when her kids hit puberty. As a teacher, she was facing groggy teens at home and at school.
Bridget Shelton is a freshman at Seattle's Roosevelt High School. She believes the change in bell times will help her move from getting 6-7 hours of sleep to closer to 8 hours next year.
"I'm going to bed at midnight and waking up at six," Benmar said of her current schedule. It includes jazz choir after school. "I'm really tired right now."
A later start improves students performances because giving them an extra hour helps them get more sleep, which will help them miss less often , and will help them for grades.
I believe that everyone should get more time to sleep and enter school a little later so that at work or school the workers and students could not feel tired or lazy when they are assigned to work on something.
A later start time will help improve students performance because it will let them have more time to get ready and be more wide awake. It would actually give us more energy to come to school. We won't be late anymore.
Most districts across the nation have took in the advice they have received from scientists stating that expecting students to show up to school before 8 a.m. isnt good for there health. Although some students think the later time start wont make any difference but just interfere with their after school activites. Which will involve do after school activities, homework, dinner, and going to bed. It will only make matters worst.
This article is about schools having later school times. The debate about if it actually helps students or effects them. In my opinion I think that it could help because it gives the Students to get more rest. But there are some kids who have after school activities so this gives them less time to sleep basically.
It improves it because u are more awake. You are also more focused in your school work. You as well come more prepared and ready to start the day awake and with enough rest.To be more focused on school. That's my opinion on why it improves it.
It allows students to get more sleep.It will get the students to be more awake instead of being tired.More students can participate in class activities and can improve a students overall grade for actually focusing on the work instead of being tired and sleepy.
This article is about how making the starting time of school later could affect the students. In the article it claims that in Seattle many schools have adapted a new starting time. Schools are starting later because waking up early is affecting student health and their performance in school. I feel like the current starting time for school should be delayed and start later.
This article is about the school districts wanting to change the time of when school starts which is at 8:00.The article states that the Seattle school board voted to adopt an 8:45 a.m start time beginning next year for all the high schools & most middle schools.In my opinion this is a great idea it gives kids extra time to sleep which will make them have more energy.
When school starts at a later time students get more sleep. It says in the article, "Research studies have shown later start times help combat sleep deprivation in teens. They naturally fall asleep later than their parents would like. And later start times could improve academic success, attendance, mental health and cut sleep-related car accidents." Students usually go to sleep later making them tired in the morning. When they have a later time to start school they will get more sleep. I like this article because it defines what students want. Students that I know would like school to start later so that they can sleep longer.


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Money Report
Disney Just Had Its Worst Day Since June 2020. Traders Make the Case for Its Next Move
By Keris Lahiff, CNBC • Published November 11, 2021 • Updated on November 11, 2021 at 5:27 pm
Source: NYSE
Disney shares plummeted Thursday, falling 7% in their worst session since June 2020, after the media giant reported a subscriber growth slowdown in its streaming service.
The stock was the worst performer in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Its losses pulled it into a bear market, having fallen 20% from a March peak.
But traders are split on whether this latest sell-off spells opportunity or not. Fairlead Strategies founder Katie Stockton, for example, says Thursday's drop looks like a "shakeout." She also sees it as a chance to buy at a discount.
"A shakeout is essentially a false breakdown and this is actually kind of an exciting move for me to see from Disney because it's been such a laggard since March," Stockton told CNBC's "Trading Nation" on Thursday. "Into this gap down we have obviously emotionally-charged selling, it could be a selling climax of sorts especially with the volume running heavy."
"There is support on the chart between about $153 and $155 and the next resistance is up around the 200-day moving average. So I think it's somewhat compelling, albeit not exactly risk-free, to add into this kind of weakness," she said.
Charts Suggest Investors Should Bet on 'Work Horses' in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Jim Cramer Says
Cramer's Lightning Round: L3Harris Technologies Is Still a Buy
Disney closed Thursday just above $162. It would need to rally around 11% to reach Stockton's resistance target, its 200-day moving average of $180.
Piper Sandler chief market technician Craig Johnson is not a buyer yet, however. He sees the potential for more weakness before the selling is over.
"Mickey Mouse never goes out of style, but in terms of the chart here today, I want to wait for them to go on clearance a little bit further," Johnson said during the same interview.
"It's in a well-defined downtrend in our work," he said. "I think we will have an opportunity to buy it lower than where it is here in the next couple of weeks or months."
In an email to CNBC, he further elaborated that a retest of the lower-end of a downward price channel at $158 is possible. It traded as low as $158.33 per share Thursday.
Also on CNBC
Rivian debuts on the Nasdaq — What four pros are saying about the company now
Why this major firm has one of its largest equity overweights ever
Consumer prices spike the most in over 30 years. Siegel, others on what's next
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Far Cry 6 Season Pass Lets Players Become Past Villains - Noisy Pixel
Far Cry 6 Season Pass Lets Players Become Past Villains
June 12, 2021 June 13, 2021 Orpheus Joshua
During today's E3 Ubisoft Forward Event, a slew of new content for the upcoming Far Cry 6 was revealed. More specifically, content contained within the title's Season Pass was showcased. The Season Pass allows players to literally become the villains of the franchise's past. Vaas, Pagan Min, and Joseph Seed are confirmed to be playable via this extra content.
Ubisoft also released a cinematic trailer introducing potential customers to the villain of Far Cry 6, Antón.
You can view the Season Pass trailer for Far Cry 6 below:
You can view the Antón Cinematic trailer below:
The game is set on a fictional Caribbean island of Yara, ruled by "El Presidente" Antón Castillo, played by Giancarlo Esposito. Antón is raising his son, Diego, to follow his lead as players take control of a guerilla fighter named Dani Rojas, who is tasked to infiltrate and takedown Antón.
Far Cry 6 is a first-person action game where players will navigate an open world, which is said to be the largest Far Cry map to date. There are various points of interest that contain extra material and side-quest narratives. Players will take on missions that progress the story and have an impact on how the NPCs see you.
Far Cry 6 is coming to PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X, and PC on October 7, 2021.
Orpheus Joshua
Random gamer equally confused by the mainstream and the unusual. Fan of JRPGs, Action, Platformers, Rhythm, and Adventure titles.
Far Cry 6 Receives New Story Trailer Detailing the Dictator Antón Castillo and the Uprising
August 25, 2021 Orpheus Joshua
Assassin's Creed III Remastered Gets Release Date for PS4, Xbox One, and PC
February 6, 2019 Noisy Pixel Staff
Eivor's Fate is Revealed in Newest Assassin's Creed Valhalla Trailer
July 16, 2020 Azario Lopez


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Advice Blogs
Business Savings Advice
Hadrian Technology awarded major contract
Sep 21, 2018 | Seaham Business News
Seaham-based Hadrian Technology, one of the UK's leading CCTV design, supply and installation companies has secured a major contract win after being appointed as one of the suppliers of CCTV and surveillance technology services on a building services framework agreement for Sunderland City Council.
The appointment by the local authority will see Hadrian Technology provide CCTV repair and renewal works as part of a wider framework of repair and maintenance services for buildings owned and managed by Sunderland City Council. In total, six CCTV suppliers have been appointed to the framework and it is anticipated that the contract of work will last for a period of four years.
With a proven track record of delivering CCTV security systems for a diverse range of retail, leisure and hospitality companies, as well as public sector organisations, Hadrian Technology was recognised for its quality of work, cost effectiveness, training and qualifications and health and safety.
Source – Business Durham via Business Up North


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Science | October 13, 2016 5:00 am
America's Battle Royale Against Invasive Species
America's Battle Royale Against Invasive Species
Close-up, side view of goldfish swimming in an aquarium. (Getty Images)
By Will Levith
Asian carp, jolted by an electric current from a research boat, jump from the Illinois River near Havana, Ill. (John Flesher/AP)
"What lit the fuse was humans traveling more." So says Nicholas J. Schroeck, director of the Transnational Environmental Law Clinic at Wayne State University Law School, in reference to the nationwide explosion in invasive species populations. (Full disclosure: The author of this piece is friends with the professor.) Schroeck, who is also an assistant clinical professor, has studied the ill effects of invasive species for a decade, with expertise in the area of the Asian carp. (The fish, unlike some invasive species, were brought over to the U.S. intentionally to help clean up catfish farming lagoons and treat sewage. But when they escaped their environs all ecological hell broke loose.)
If you're unfamiliar with the problem of invasive species, it's been a pervasive one for centuries. What happens is everything from foreign cargo ships to Uncle Bob's fishing boat find their way into different ports, unknowingly carrying weeds or the eggs of an invasive species, and boom! A new creature gets introduced into the environment and has an adverse effect on its native or endangered/protected species. In the Great Lakes region alone, says Schroeck, there are over 180 invasive species that have been shuttled in via international shipping and have now set up shop for good.
What can the average Joe do to prevent this sort of thing from happening? Well, beyond making sure your boat is properly cleaned before putting down anchor in a new area—and supporting all the invasive species–hunting contests out there—it's pretty simple: be responsible. Says Schroeck:
"If you are really into [your] aquarium, [buy fish] from reputable dealers that aren't selling you fish that shouldn't have been caught or bred in the first place. And then [don't release] them into the wild. It could potentially lead to all types of problems."
That exact issue recently reared its ugly head, when a monster goldfish turned up in Australia. (Click here for more on the "feral goldfish invasion.") "The 'goldfish problem' is similar to the threat from Asia carp," says Schroeck. "With goldfish, the problem is humans. Specifically, people who release goldfish into surface waters where they can often thrive, eat a lot, and reproduce."
The invasive species problem isn't just costly to local ecosystems; it hits us all in our wallets as well. Schroeck notes that it's been estimated that the Asian carp problem could cost $7 billion for the sport and commercial fishing industries in the Great Lakes region alone.
Below, take a look at some of the worst invasive species, along with notes about each of them from Schroeck.
( John Gress/Corbis via Getty Images)
Corbis via Getty Images
Asian Carp (China)
How They Arrived: Imported to the U.S. to help clean ponds, as well as for sewage treatment purposes
"A very significant threat to the Great Lakes ecosystem and Great Lakes fisheries. They are voracious eaters and reproduce faster than rabbits. The concern is that they will completely destroy the food chain."
'Goldfish'
How They Arrived: Introduced as pets in 1850s
"The lesson here is that people should not release pets from their aquarium into the natural environment."
(William Thomas Cain/Getty Images)
Snakehead Fish
Origin: Africa/Asia
How They Arrived: Introduced intentionally as a source of food
"They look creepy with their shiny teeth. Without native predators, they can jump in line to the top of the food chain in an ecosystem and cause problems for many species. They can survive on land for three or four days as long as they are wet. And they can 'walk' on land by wiggling their bodies and pushing along with their fins."
(U.S. Department of Agriculture/AP)
Origin: Eastern Europe
How They Arrived: Oceangoing ships via the St. Lawrence Seaway
"The Zebra Mussel, which was introduced to the Great Lakes through oceangoing ships, has upended the Great Lakes ecosystem. They are filter feeders, and they have eaten up many of the small organisms that other native species depend upon."
(Deepak Matadha/AP)
Asian Stink Bug
How They Arrived: Accidentally, via shipping crates
"These are a big threat to agriculture. They feed on apples, peaches, [and] corn, damaging the produce. Their 'stink' can cause allergic reactions in some people."
(Minnesota Department of Natural Resources/AP)
How They Arrived: Cargo ships or airplanes
"This little critter, native to Asia, kills ash trees with [only] a few years of infestation. The larvae eat the underside of the tree back, sapping the trees of nutrients and eventually killing them."
(Douglas Tesner/Traverse City Record-Eagle/AP)
Round Goby
Origin: Eurasia (Black Sea/Caspian Sea)
How They Arrived: Cargo ships
"[N]ative to the Black and Caspian seas. They can out-compete native fish and survive in areas of poor water quality. They have been found to eat Zebra Mussels, another invasive species, but they don't eat enough of the mussels to eliminate them. They are also known to steal bait off of fishing hooks!"
(NOAA)
Spiny Water Flea
Origin: Eurasia
How They Arrived: International cargo ships
"They are native to Europe and Asia, [and] eat zooplankton and Daphnia, small organisms that are [at] the base of the Great Lakes food web. They also cause a nuisance on fishing lines by clogging the eyelets on fishing poles."
Nutria (Getty Images)
Getty Images/Nature Picture Libr
Origin: South America
How They Arrived: Intentionally imported for their fur in 1930s
"They are large 'river rats' that destroy marshlands across the southern United States. They were introduced in order to farm them for their fur, but they eventually escaped and have been causing serious problems in wetland areas ever since."
Getty Images/All Canada Photos
Origin: Africa/Asia/Australia
Anacondas
How They Arrived: Introduced as household pets; escaped or intentionally let into the wild
"Anacondas have become a problem in Florida, along with pythons, which have received more attention. Anacondas are illegal to own in Florida for personal use, because if they escape or are released, they can decimate the ecosystem by eating native wildlife. Native to South America, they can grow to around 20 feet in length, and can move very quickly in the water."
Will Levith, RealClearLife


This widely-appealing, corporate and traditional name could be perfect for a support, HR or telemarketing organisation.
AnAssist has eight characters and three syllables. Established brands using three syllable names include Sainsbury's, Heineken and Nescafé.
Anassist.com is a .com domain. Dot com domains are the most desirable top-level-domain in the world, famously used by websites like twitter.com. Owning a .com says that you own the word "AnAssist" online.


Symphonic/synthetic black metal used to be all the rage in the years gone by, your Dimmu Borgir's and Old Man's Child's would play all the catchy bopping metal that our sisters could appreciate. Then as of late, each of these sympho/syntho bands decided that they wanted to be the biggest fish in the pond and went to radical extremes to create a unique and ultimately removed standard in black metal thoroughfare. This is all well and good, but it leaves some of the consumers with a craving for good and solid sympho/syntho black metal from yesteryears. Be thankful for Dark Funeral, they provide that trip down memory lane with their unashamed brand of hyper-speed black music.
If the year was between 1996-1998, Dark Funeral probably would not be receiving such a favorable review. But here we sit; near the end of 2001, and "Diabolis Interium" is such a solid and all round album that it is really hard to fault. Dark Funeral know their limits and they stick by them. Dark Funeral with "Diabolis Interium" do not try and create an album that incorporates every know element of metal from the past thirty years into to one big mess. They adhere with the well-known elements of black metal and make black metal like it should be.
The only slur on "Diabolis Interium" is the usage of the Satan metaphors and lyrics... they have been done to death and then through hell too. But it doesn't really make that much of difference for Dark Funeral as they play such a great form of black metal.
Dark Funeral with "Diabolis Interium" do not deliver a lasting impression, like a boxer that is able to go the full twelve rounds; but instead gives a short, sharp jab to the sternum that leaves a different sort of impression, one that is not of anguish or boredom, but instead the sort like "hey that was a fun trip, have to do it again sometime". It is a very short 36 minute album, that is clocked in at the right time and does not bore the listener like some other epic black metal bands. Dark Funeral do what they do and they do it well, then they leave. No room for commercialisation or crap like that. A band true to the black metal game.
Bottom Line: No need for ridiculous originality here folks, Dark Funeral go about their tunes with style and precision well, telling us that the black metal scene is still live and kicking.


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Major League Baseball And Players Argue Over The Start Of The Season During Pandemic
By Tom Goldman • Jun 16, 2020
Originally published on June 17, 2020 4:05 pm
AILSA CHANG, HOST:
All right, baseball fans - no peanuts, no Cracker Jacks and possibly no baseball at all in 2020. The coronavirus has delayed the start of the season, and now baseball players cannot agree with owners over pay. Even MLB's commissioner sounds worried. Rob Manfred was asked last night on ESPN if he's confident there even will be a season.
ROB MANFRED: I'm not confident. I think there's real risk. And as long as there is no dialogue, that real risk is going to continue.
CHANG: All right. Joining me now to talk about all this is NPR sports correspondent Tom Goldman.
Hey Tom.
TOM GOLDMAN, BYLINE: Hi, Ailsa.
CHANG: OK. So the commissioner was just talking there about dialogue between owners and players, which was going on - right? - but then what happened?
GOLDMAN: Yeah, that's right. They had been trading proposals on how many games to play in a pandemic-shortened season and how much money players should be paid. But Saturday, players said they're done. They're through trading proposals. They are angry, and they say owners just are trying to chip away and chip away and pay players less. So the players' union said to owners, set a date and a place for the resumption of the season, and they'll be there.
CHANG: Can Major League Baseball actually do that?
GOLDMAN: It can, and it can do so without player approval. But it would be a very short regular season - around 50 games. Players don't like that. They want more games, which translates to more money. Now, owners worry that if they impose this very short season, players will file a grievance that might force owners to pay up to a billion dollars in back pay to players. So Manfred, in that ESPN interview last night, sounded a very gloomy tone, saying he no longer was 100% certain there'd be a season, which he had said publicly last week.
CHANG: And what did the players' union say in response to that?
GOLDMAN: It said its players are disgusted by what Manfred said, that he has, quote, "gone back on his word and is threatening to cancel the season." So the situation, as you can tell, appears dire. And player-owner relations are as bad as they've been since 1994, when the World Series was canceled because of labor strife.
CHANG: Well, I mean, all of this is happening in the middle of a pandemic, in the middle of huge nationwide unemployment, also in the middle of social upheaval and protests against police brutality and racial inequality. Are baseball players at all worried that this may not be a good look for them right now to be arguing about money?
GOLDMAN: They certainly are. And, you know, there's also the fact that golf, the WNBA, the NBA, women's and men's pro hockey - pro soccer, hockey - they're either back or firming up plans to return to play. And yes, the players know this is not a good look. One example, Toronto Blue Jays infielder Travis Shaw tweeted, MLB should be embarrassed. I'm embarrassed. This is a joke. And Rob Manfred knows it. In the ESPN interview, he said it's a disaster for the game, and it shouldn't be happening.
CHANG: So what do you think? I mean, do you think the two sides can get past their differences and get the game back on the field at some point this year?
GOLDMAN: People with a lot more knowledge than me say yes, they can get past their differences. But they have to talk. They have to be able to compromise. One of the key sticking points about pay - players understand they're not going to make as much money in a shorter season. Their salaries will be prorated based on how many games are played. Players are adamant about getting 100% of the prorated salaries. Owners have proposed lower percentages because they say fans won't be at the games, at least at first, and that's a big loss in revenue. So the owners might have to give on the players' 100% demand. Athletes might have to agree to fewer games. Other compromise needed as well - and oh, yeah, they have to agree on health and safety protocols, too. And they've got to get all this done real soon.
CHANG: All right. That is NPR sports correspondent Tom Goldman.
Thank you, Tom.
GOLDMAN: You're welcome.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Live: Manchester United legends give their take on teamwork and leadership
The link between sport and business is gaining momentum. In two recent blog posts, it was explored whether the marginal gains approach used by Britain's cycling team could be applied to business and how exceptional coaching produces exceptional performance, using Andy Murray as our case in point.
Arguably the biggest comparison, however, is that of teamwork. Team sports are an ideal example of teamwork in action as it is natural action with minimal thinking. In team sports having skills gets you onto the team, but a winning team is determined not by skills alone but the way team members play together.
Football is one of the best examples of team play. Each person on the team has been selected due to a skill, given a responsibility, afforded leeway in carrying out their role and expected to perform for the common goal. And the best team to learn from is Manchester United.
Coincidentally, three of its legends will be giving advice on creating a successful team starting at 10:45 on Twitter via HCL Technologies – and here we'll reveal their tips. Stay tuned to hear advice from Bryan Robson, the former, and longest serving, captain of Manchester United – aptly nicknamed Captain Marvel.
Giving further advice will be Denis Irwin, who is regarded as the joint most successful Irish footballer in history alongside Roy Keane, and Andrew Cole, noted for being the only player with a clean sweep of the English Football League awards.
(11:00) Bryan Robson is taking Twitter by storm and has answered his first question: "What are the three things you would like to highlight for a budding leader in the digital age?"
Perhaps unsurprisingly, being able to innovate is highlighted as being key. In the new digital economy, long-established ways of doing business are quickly becoming obsolete and disruption is taking place across every sector. As such, digital innovation has become fundamental for driving growth and transformation and is changing the business landscape as we know it.
As technology cycles become shorter and shorter, the pace, size and complexity of this change keeps intensifying with an ever growing number of businesses facing the threat of being superseded. It also helps being the boss of a digital leader as their firms outperform competitors in terms of growth, profits, and market valuation. Gartner predicted that by 2017, 20 per cent of all market leaders would lose the coveted number one position to a company founded after the year 2000 because of a lack of digital business advantage.
His next pointers are man management and delegation – the latter of which is crucial to running an efficient business.
(11:40) Of course, with teamwork in mind, the question of how to foster a tight connection between colleagues was bound to arise.
Forging relationships on the field is a must. As was highlighted before, the sport focuses on your ability to act instinctively as taking your time to ponder your next move could end up in a scenario where the ball is taken by the opposing team. As such, knowing all members have your back, and having the right amount of trust in them, is paramount.
While in the business world there is arguably far more time to think, the ability to work as a team is crucial to the success of any company. Denis Irwin proposes you grow closer to colleagues by two means: having integrity and being honest. This all amounts to building trust.
For a team of colleagues, trust can increase productivity by altering how we react to motivation to achieve results. Trust also plays a surprising role in communication –we're more likely to hold back our own feelings about an issue when we don't trust the person we're sharing information with. This can affect how the other person understands the issue and can further break down trust in that relationship.
(12:00) The term "team building" has become a buzzword in recent years, and has many connotations. In terms of corporate development, team-building exercises are important not only for the immediate experience of the activities performed by the team, but also for the group skills, communication and bonding that result.
The main goals of team-building are to improve productivity and motivation. Taking employees out of the office helps groups break down political and personal barriers, eliminate distractions, and have fun. The benefits of team-building programs are so significant that many corporations have incorporated such strategies into the standard training curriculum.
But how do you best build team unity off the pitch? This was the most recent answer posed, and Denis Irwin took to answering it. The best way to do so was found to be through team bonding days, he said.
(12:20) The topic of teamwork also poses one important question: "How do you build a successful team?"
Irwin's simple response said it all: "Vision".
Vision, in this case, means being able to excite the team with large, desired outcomes. Large outcomes in turn mean devising goals that attract missionaries.
Back in the 1980's Microsoft's vision of, "A computer in every home running Microsoft software" may have seemed absurd to most. In fact, it was likely there were people within Microsoft trying to water this vision down. Yet it is this rallying cry that has driven Microsoft's success.
Similarly, the spirit of your vision statement will drive the behaviours, creativity, commitment, engagement and determination of the people within the company and give them one unified goal to work towards.
(12:38) When it comes to leadership, many have pondered what the best methods to success are. However, the response always varies, as does research. As such, how to achieve leadership was a question shied away from by the Twittersphere.
Instead, many called out to Manchester United's Captain Marvel to find out the biggest lesson he learnt from his days on the pitch.
While a recent interview with Amit Singh, president of Google for Work, highlighted the need for bosses to admit they can't do everything and that it doesn't take much to reach out and connect to people, Robson suggested fostering and understating the value of team spirit had been his key takeaway.
This concept has appeared several times for Manchester United's team in terms of takeaways. In a blog, Sir Alex Ferguson maintained a siege "us against them" mentality was created to foster a great team spirit.
(12:50) Finally, the last piece of business advice came from Andrew Cole, who asked what the best tip was he had ever received.
"Always work hard and turn up on time," he said.
Indeed, you do not come across success just by hoping for it. To achieve true success, you need the strength of mind and body to struggle and work hard to reach your fullest potential. You need the right attitude, self-discipline and the ability to put your goal before your own needs, if you are really driven towards reaching success.
There is, after all, no substitute for hard work, and as Henry Ford said, "The harder you work, the luckier you get" – the more successful you get!
Tagged Football, Manchester United, Sport, Surreal Business, Teamwork


text:
Home Region North America
Passing of John Frey Sr
After yesterday's news about the death of Jim Gaede, OPI is saddened to learn that his long-time business partner John Frey Sr has also passed away.
John joined the rep group started by his father, Art Frey, in 1962, when the business covered five states in the US Midwest. Working with Jim Gaede, John was instrumental in expanding the company – renamed Frey Gaede & Company in the 1970s – to its current 25-state network.
He retired from the business in 2010, but still served as an advisor to the remaining partners, including John Frey Jr and Todd Gaede. He was honoured with the Business Solutions Association's Leadership Award – in a joint recognition with Jim Gaede – in 2016.
A service will take place on Monday 7 June at St Mary Hyde Park Church, Cincinnati (OH). Online condolences may be expressed at RohdeFuneral.com. Memorials can be made to Springer School or Corryville Catholic Elementary School.
OPI offers its sincere condolences to John's family and friends.
Cincinnati (OH), USA
Frey Gaede
Jeff Ballard passes away
Rep group icon passes away
BIC legend passes away


❗ This is a read-only mirror of the CRAN R package repository.
What is the stepwise regression?
Stepwise regression is a method of fitting regression models in which the choice of predictive variables is carried out by an automatic procedure.
What is the main features in SteReg?
In this package, multiple dependent variables stepwise regression, continous effect nested within class effect and forced first n effects are considered. It computes power for three test statistics in multivariate stepwise regression analysis: Wilks' lambda, Pillai-Bartlett trace, and Hotelling Lawley trace.
Forward selection, which involves starting with no variables in the model, testing the addition of each variable using a chosen model fit criterion, adding the variable (if any) whose inclusion gives the most statistically significant improvement of the fit, and repeating this process until none improves the model to a statistically significant extent.
Backward elimination, which involves starting with all candidate variables, testing the deletion of each variable using a chosen model fit criterion, deleting the variable (if any) whose loss gives the most statistically insignificant deterioration of the model fit, and repeating this process until no further variables can be deleted without a statistically significant loss of fit.
Hybrid Approaches, a combination of the above, testing at each step for variables to be included or excluded.
AIC/AICc/BIC/HQ/HQc/SBC/Pvalue based on F test and Approximate F test (Wilks' lambda, Pillai-Bartlett trace, and Hotelling Lawley trace).
Multicollinearity is a state of very high intercorrelations or inter-associations among the independent variables. The statistical inferences made about the data may not be reliable due to multicollinearity. In this package, multicollinearity is detected with tolerance and its reciprocal, called variance inflation factor (VIF).
The core part of the program is coded with R and Cpp.
We welcome commits from researchers who wish to improve our software, and good luck to you.
GMT+8, 2019-4-26 14:32 , Processed in 0.030737 second(s), 30 queries .


text:
Valley dating expats
Dating someone from another country can be complex and challenging.
But after 16 months in France and several false starts, there is still no romance in sight, says the year-old American teacher. Privately, she's beginning to think she just doesn't "click" with Frenchmen. So Andrea has taken matters into her own hands: She put up a "profile" on an online dating site for expatriates.
What is my age 24
Eyes colour: Enormous hazel green
Sex: Woman
Description In Meet the Expats you will hear stories from expats all over the world as they share their motivations, challenges and unique experiences in the new place they have decided to call home, for a few years, months or a lifetime. And with "Paris by phone", her debut picture book with Benjamin Chaud, Pamela takes us through this dream of Paris, as Josephine, a little girl travels through the city via her magic phone, and experiences Paris like a real Parisian.
She is an emigrant as she say!
Tips for single expat in nepal
We discuss the parenting differences she noticed with the US, from food to sleep and social benefits. In this episode we discuss: The benefits and challenges of being a digital nomad, Sondre shares his tips to stay organised when freelancing and working remote What safetywing provides individuals and companies How the pandemic is changing the face of not only work but of cities. Meet Thomas, An englishman who moved to Hamburg twice! After getting frustrated with the slow pace of government change, he quit his job, and moved to Berlin to start freelancing and embraced the freedom!
Meet single expats in fountain valley, california, united states
With an early passion for travel, he passed his Toefl exam to be able to exlpore the world and is now teaching english in South Korea. In Meet the Expats you will hear stories from expats all over the world as they share their motivations, challenges and unique experiences in the new place they have decided to call home, for a few years, months or a lifetime.
SafetyWing was then born with the aim of building a global social safety net. In this episode he tells us how he lived the move as a nine year old how as an adult he decided to Paris's growing tech scene the differences he has noticed in the french startup ecosystem vs San Francisco's Sillicon Valley and how to build your network in Paris Having spent the past 3 years in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, here is his 18th arr.
Meet Linda, Serial repatriate, and serial expat she has lived in Tokyo, London Abu Dhabi and reptatriated a few times back to Chicago where she is now living. And so, while still studying and living at her parents, having never left home, she took on a loan to make her move happen and enjoy good conditions there without having the stress of making ends meet. Meet Marcie, Serial expat and tag along wife, as she tells us how she followed her husband through Asia and Paris with just as many repatriations to LA as moves.
He tells us: How he approached his move differently the 2nd time, How learning German helped tremendously to integrate, How InnoGames helped him settle in How he now feels home and wants to get involved in local community by having a vote that counts therefore he went on and got his german citizenship, as well as the Irish one more as a backup for Brexit. Plus how she has dealt with these multiple repatriations, that she treats as a new task, what is the Reverse Culture Shock and how to deal with it.
From making new friends, and dating, to kids and looking for a new job, these expats will share how they got through the challenges of moving their lives to a new country, their top secret addresses and favorite spots we all wish we had when we settled into a new city.
It was here he discovered the lack of a safety net for online remote workers. After a few years in Doha, and Dubai she has now cummulated 14 years in the Middle East!
Now that companies are moving fully remote long term, who hasn't thought about moving to somewhere new? Meet Kyle, Who moved to Paris when he was 9, and 20 years later made the move there again, on his terms. In this episode, she tells us about her initial fears of this snobby and cold city, in some aspects, versus the romantic place fantacised by most americans who see Paris as their escape city.
Born as a hobby, InnoGames today has a team of employees from more than 30 nations who share the passion of creating unique games that players across the globe enjoy for years. In this episode she tells us what she has learned from her different moves and what changed in her approach to every new move.
I have my exact travel dates I have approximate dates I don't have my dates yet. about family life in Luxembourg.
Like in many European countries, first dates usually involve going to a nice restaurant in Luxembourg for dinner or having drinks at a bar. It usually doesn't cost anything to "post a profile," a picture and short paragraph of information about the user on a dating site.
Face to face, however, was a different matter.


Keerti Garg – This website is dedicated to sharing my work with you. I hope you enjoy it!
I write fiction, short stories and poems. Here are my books with collection of stories and poems.
I am Keerti Garg. I completed my schooling from St. Xavier's, Delhi and did my graduation from Shri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi. I completed my Masters in Business Administration (MBA) majoring in marketing and organizational behavior from S.P. Jain Institute of Management & Research, Mumbai. I also hold a postgraduate diploma in Training and Development from Indian Society of Training and Development and have completed several business courses from Stanford University.


text:
UW's Furmata Shares Soul-Baring, Poetic Cover Of Joji's "Slow Dancing In The Dark"
University of Washington's Furmata now owns a piece of our hearts after viewing their latest video.
The coed college a cappella group delivers an overabundance of feels in this new live cover of Joji's "Slow Dancing in the Dark" and emotionally, we weren't prepared. That's because the part R&B, part indie vocal rendition is a somber ballad that will play with your heartstrings like a bad breakup.
For starters, Furmata delivers an absolutely polished performance that allows the listener to get lost in the music, not giving a second thought to the arrangement's actually complexity. Once you move pass this, you are left contending with the profound feelings that Furmata is able to conjure up inside you.
As for the singing, it is phenomenal!
The group's steady pacing with the performance is impeccable, stretching out every movement to maximize the artistic effect. The group's balance oozes with a warm, yet anguishing conviction that helps the track to feel indie, but without losing its R&B side. And lead soloist Conner Kupferberg was made to sing this song.
Not only is his tone perfectly built to deliver the contrasting light and sorrowful textures that the song's message conveys, but the timbre of his vocals is mesmerizing.
To put it plainly, every inch of this cover cuts deeply.
Check it out below.


text:
Security, Automation, and Cloud Top Midrange IT Priorities, Study Says
August 3, 2022 Alex Woodie
Improving cybersecurity continues to be the number one overall priority for IT teams at midsize companies going into the second half of the year, but automation and cloud migrations are not too far behind, according to a recent study from Kaseya. Legacy concerns also are viewed as a drag on productivity.
Kaseya last month published its 2022 IT Operations Report, in which it surveyed 1,877 IT professionals from around the world in April to learn about the top priorities and challenges where they work. The company surveyed only employees at organizations with fewer than 3,000 employees, which is Kaseya's cut-off for the midsize customer that it aims to serve.
The top priority in the survey was improving IT security overall, which was identified by 52 percent of the survey-takers as their top priority. That was followed by increasing IT productivity through automation with a 33 percent share, and migrating to the cloud at 32 percent (survey-takers were allowed to select multiple items, which results in the figures not adding up to 100).
The IT management and security software provider also queried users about the challenges faced by IT shops. Cybersecurity and data protection was identified as the top challenge by 49 percent of the survey-takers, while insufficient IT budgets and resources to meet demands was number two at 29 percent, and legacy systems that hamper growth and innovation came in third at 21 percent.
Security and data protection is the number one concern of midsize IT shops in Kaseya's 2022 IT Operations Study.
Budgets for IT security projects will go up at 53 percent of the organizations it surveyed, according to Kaseya, which is a strong indicator that security continues to be a priority. "As we anticipated, cybersecurity and safeguarding data continues to be the number one challenge for IT professionals" Kaseya Chief Strategy Officer Mike Puglia stated in a press release.
While Kaseya doesn't target the IBM i customer base, the company's report echoes the findings of surveys in the IBM i community, which find that security continues to be a strong priority in the midrange. For instance, security was identified as the top priority in HelpSystems' 2022 Marketplace Survey, the fifth straight year that security held that position.
Kaseya's survey also found that 48 percent of respondents are planning to invest in automation technologies in 2023, while 40 percent stated their intent to update "outdated IT infrastructure" this year, according to Kaseya.
"Automating repetitive, everyday tasks helps organizations reduce operating costs by allowing a smaller team of technicians to manage a larger IT environment with fewer resources," the company states in its report. "The result is a higher endpoint-to-technician ratio."
The ability for tools to integrate with other tools is also increasingly an important factor in buying decisions. According to Kaseya's survey, 30 percent of respondents stated that integration was a critical factor, after price (cited by 55 percent respondents) and functionality (cited by 50 percent).
You can download Kaseya's complete 2022 IT Operations Report here.
Glimpsing Hope in the IBM i Security Situation
Security Again Top Concern in HelpSystems Marketplace Study
Security Threats, They Are a Changin'
One IBM i Shop's Close Call With Ransomware
'Alarming' Security Gaps Exposed in IBM i Marketplace Report
Tags: Tags: cybersecurity, IBM i, Kaseya
Cleo and SrinSoft in Integration-Modernization Link Up JD Edwards Customers Face Support Decisions
ARCAD Software
JD Edwards Customers Face Support Decisions
Cleo and SrinSoft in Integration-Modernization Link Up
Four Hundred Monitor, August 3


"To write the history of my native county, and to rescue from oblivion the anecdotes and early incidents of its first settlers, has been with me a pleasant pastime. ...My object is accomplished in putting in this form for preservation much crude material, which I regard as of value to those who may succeed us..." These pages contain an interesting account of the county and state-complete with incidents of frontier life and adventure! Quakers, the judicial system and trials, political officials and elections, legislation, merchant and tavern keepers, the first doctor, early preachers, and much more are touched on. Other accounts include: Masonic institutions, the Owl Creek Bank of Mount Vernon, the press and publications, societies, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the famous race of Seeley's bull vs. Tom's horse! John Stilley (the first citizen of Knox County) and Johnny Appleseed are among the numerous significant figures featured. Townships covered include: Berlin, Brown, Butler, Clay, College, Harrison, Hilliar, Howard, Jackson, Jefferson, Liberty, Middlebury, Milford, Miller, Monroe, Morgan, Morris, Pike, Pleasant, Union, and Wayne. This volume offers a wealth of names (numerous lists), several illustrations and a new full-name index.


text:
← Splines in Onshape, part 1
Designing and making a ring →
Splines in Onshape, part 2
Posted on July 25, 2017 by Matthew
In part 1, we talked about 2D splines and how they can be created in Onshape sketches. In this second part, I'll briefly cover drawing splines directly in 3D, and then discuss offset curves, which are the original reason I started on this long journey delving into Onshape curves.
Directly creating 3D splines in Onshape
There are two FeatureScript functions that can be used for creating splines directly in 3D: opFitSpline() and opCreateBSplineCurve().
opFitSpline() is exactly equivalent to the skFitSpline() function described earlier, except instead of working in the context of a 2D sketch (with an implicit sketch plane), it directly draws a curve in 3D. This can be more convenient than going via a sketch, and the curve need not be constrained to a single plane. The parameters are exactly the same as skFitSpline(), except that all of the points are specified as 3D instead of 2D vectors.
opCreateBSplineCurve() is the most powerful of the spline functions, and also the most daunting. It takes a set of B-spline knots and control points (refer back to part 1 for a crash course on B-splines). Unlike the other functions, this function lets you create splines of arbitrary degree, not just cubic splines. It also allows you to create closed splines (more on this shortly), and it allows you to create rational splines aka NURBS. I won't go into rational splines in this article, but they allow you to draw certain curves that wouldn't otherwise be possible to express in B-spline form.
To demonstrate use of these functions, here's a 3D object that I've created by drawing a closed cross-sectional profile with opCreateBSplineCurve() and a guide path with opFitSpline(). I then swept the profile along the guide path with opSweep() and thickened the resulting surface with opThicken() to create a 3D object.
(I've left the guide path in the picture for illustration purposes.)
I'm not sure what this object actually is, perhaps it's a handle for something, or an art piece for my future Onshape museum. But you can see how this might be useful if we need to create a computed surface in an actual engineering problem. Here is the full code:
// cross-sectional profile (closed spline in YZ plane)
// explanation follows after code
var degree = 3;
var isClosed = true;
var cpts = [vector(0,0,0)*meter, vector(0,-10,30)*meter,
vector(0,30,10)*meter, vector(0,10,0)*meter];
// repeat first 3 (degree) control points at end
cpts = concatenateArrays([cpts,resize(cpts,degree)]);
var knots = range(0,1,len(cpts)+degree+1);
var bspline = bSplineCurve(degree, isClosed, cpts, knots);
opCreateBSplineCurve(context, id + "spline1", {
"bSplineCurve" : bspline
// path for sweep (interpolated spline in XY plane)
opFitSpline(context, id + "spline2", {
"points" : [
vector(   0,  0, 0) * meter,
vector(  50, 20, 0) * meter,
vector( 100,  0, 0) * meter
"startDerivative" : vector( 30, 0, 0 ) * meter,
"endDerivative" :   vector( 30, 0, 0 ) * meter
// sweep spline1 along spline2
opSweep(context, id + "sweep", {
"profiles" : qCreatedBy(id + "spline1", EntityType.EDGE),
"path" : qCreatedBy(id + "spline2", EntityType.EDGE),
"keepProfileOrientation" : true
// thicken to create solid body
opThicken(context, id + "thicken", {
"entities" : qCreatedBy(id + "sweep", EntityType.BODY),
"thickness1" : 0 * meter,
"thickness2" : 1 * meter
// normally we'd delete the sweep path
// opDeleteBodies(context, id + "deletespline2", {
//         "entities" : qCreatedBy(id + "spline2")
// });
One thing that warrants explanation is how I've selected the B-spline parameters to create a closed ('periodic') spline. For all of the B-splines discussed in part 1, I repeated the first and last knot four times to ensure that the spline passed through the start and end point (the knot sequences looked like [0,0,0,0,0.25,1,1,1,1], for example). In this case, we don't need or want to clamp the curve to fixed endpoints. Instead, I've chosen a uniform set of knots between t=0 and t=1 ([0,0.1,0.2,…,0.8,0.9,1]). The resulting curve does not pass through the first or last control point, but is still guided by the control polygon. I then repeat the first three control points at the end of the list of control points — wrapping part of the control polygon around the curve a second time — which results in a closed spline.
Here is a plot of the spline and control polygon that might help illustrate this. The control polygon starts at the origin (0,0) and goes clockwise around through (-10,30), (30,10), (10,0) and back to (0,0), then retraces (-10,30), (30,10), (10,0). The resulting spline follows the left dotted line from the origin to the top of the egg (from t=0 to t=0.3), traces the egg once (from t=0.3 to t=0.7), and returns to the origin via the right dotted line (from t=0.7 to t=1). When Onshape draws the curve, it only draws the middle part from t=0.3 to t=0.7, so the result is the closed egg shape. (For a spline with degree 3, the outer three knot spans are degenerate — in that the basis does not add to 1 and the spline tends towards the origin regardless of control points — so these parts of the spline are always ignored when drawing.)
Offset curves
Sometimes it's necessary to generate a curve that's "parallel" to another curve, maintaining a constant distance from it. In CAD this is called an offset curve. Here is an example in which I've drawn a curve and an offset curve at a given distance. I've then used the two curves to create a curved object with constant thickness:
Note that drawing an offset curve is not as simple as translating the curve (moving it in (x,y)). If I was to create this object by copying the bottom curve, dragging the copy towards the top left, and filling in the area between the two, I end up with something that is far from constant thickness:
Rather, to create the offset curve, each point on the curve needs to be moved in a slightly different direction: the direction normal to the curve at that point.
The Onshape sketch GUI has an "offset" tool which makes offsetting a curve easy. I needed to do this programmatically in FeatureScript, however, and there are no documented FeatureScript functions for offset curves. I tried a number of approaches ranging from mathematics to advanced Onshape-wrangling. If you're just interested in how to do it, you can skip down a few sections to the code.
Calculating offset curves, from first principles
Let's start from the simplest case, a 2D spline with one piece (a 2D Bézier curve). This is a simple polynomial which, as mentioned in part 1, we can write in the parametric form:
To produce the offset curve, each point on the curve needs to be translated by a constant distance (call it D) in a direction normal to the curve (n̂(t)). Thus we can write the offset curve as:
The unit normal n̂(t) is just the unit tangent rotated by 90 degrees. This 90 degree rotation is trivial; it is simply a co-ordinate rotation where (x,y) becomes (-y,x). (If we represent (x,y) in complex form as as x+iy we simply multiply by i, which results in ix+i2y = ix-y.). So we can rewrite the above equations in terms of the unit tangent:
The tangent vector to a curve can be evaluated as (dx/dt, dy/dt), or in more convenient notation (ẋ(t),ẏ(t)), where a dot above a variable represents a derivative with respect to t. However, we need to scale the tangent to a unit vector by dividing by its length, sqrt(ẋ(t)2+ẏ(t)2). Substituting:
Now you can see where things are starting to get ugly. We can't avoid the square root term in the denominator; D must multiply a unit vector or the new curve wouldn't be a fixed distance away. In order to eliminate the square root in the denominator and turn this back into a polynomial, we have to rearrange and square… but then we no longer have x'(t) and y'(t) alone on one side.
It turns out that it's not actually possible to express the offset curve in parametric polynomial form x'(t)=f(t) and y'(t)=g(t), regardless of the degree of f and g. Perusing the literature on the subject, we find that it's theoretically possible to express the offset curve as a 10th order implicit polynomial, in the form f(x,y)=0 for some terrifying array of terms [1]. But this is about as useful to us as tits on a bull.
Because we can't express the offset curve in parametric polynomial form, we can't input it directly into Onshape as a spline. We can, however, use the above equations to evaluate the offset curve numerically at any point… assuming that we can easily evaluate ẋ(t) and ẏ(t).
Side note: derivatives of splines
If x(t) and y(t) are in polynomial form as in equation set 1, the first derivatives ẋ(t) and ẏ(t) follow trivially using the standard method of differentiating polynomials (ẋ(t) = 3at2 + 2bt + c, etc.). If x(t) and y(t) are in B-spline form, it turns out that there is also a simple method to generate the first derivative.
The derivative of a B-spline is a B-spline of one degree less, with the outer knots removed (e.g. a degree 3 spline with knots [0,0,0,0,0.25,1,1,1,1] becomes a degree 2 spline with knots [0,0,0,0.25,1,1,1]). The control points are replaced with the pairwise differences of control points (P2−P1, P3−P2, etc.), with some scaling corrections based on the knot distances. I've implemented this algorithm in the Octave/MATLAB function bsplinederiv.m.
Evaluating offset curves, numerically
Now we can easily evaluate the offset curve for a B-spline using the above equations. Here I've plotted the spline from the figures above, and its offset curve, numerically in Octave:
octave:1> degree = 3;
octave:2> cpts = [0+0i;100-50i;50+150i;100+100i];
octave:3> knots = [0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1];
octave:4> [dcpts,dknots,ddegree] = bsplinederiv(degree,cpts,knots);
octave:5> t = [0:0.01:1];
octave:6> offset = 5;
octave:7> spline = bsplineeval(degree,cpts,knots,t);
octave:8> splinederiv = bsplineeval(ddegree,dcpts,dknots,t);
octave:9> unitnormal = normalize(splinederiv*i);
octave:10> plot(spline,'-',spline+offset*unitnormal)
In theory we could import this into Onshape as a polyline approximation to the curve (made up of many line segments). With enough line segments, one could make the approximation 'good enough' for any given purpose. But this doesn't seem very satisfying; it would be nice to have an actual curve at the Onshape kernel level so that there's no risk of artefacts.
Approximations to offset curves
While we've found that the exact offset spline can't be written as a parametric polynomial, another approach would be to find a polynomial that's 'close' to it. There are many different ways of doing this. The method I tried was to start with two assumptions:
The offset spline should start/end at points that are correctly offset from the start/end points of the original spline.
The tangent to the offset spline should be parallel to the tangent of the original spline at these end points.
Neither of these requirements on the end points are strictly required; if we were to relax them we might be able to come up with curves that are a better approximation at other points. But constraints on the end points are convenient because they will make it possible to offset a spline piece-by-piece and have the offset splines match up.
For a simple one-piece spline, aka a Bézier curve, this only leaves two parameters unspecified: the scale values α and β on the start and end derivatives.
In order to lock down α,β let's arbitrarily pick two more points along the offset curve and solve for the required α,β so the curve passes through these points:
It may seem counter-intuitive that we can fit a spline through four points and two tangent directions given that we only have eight free parameters in our parametric polynomial. Frankly, this had me scratching my head for a while too. But — referring back to the parametric polynomial defined in equation set 1 — note that when we specify an (x,y) without a t value, we're providing (x,y) but introducing a new unknown for t, so one fit point only reduces the equation set by one unknown.
After a little algebra this produces the following equation set, where t1 and t2 are the unknown t values corresponding to points B and C on the offset curve, α and β are the unknown scale values for the derivatives M and N, and everything else is a known constant defined in terms of point locations (P = B − A; Q = C − A; R = D − A).
Perhaps due to masochism, I had a burning desire to try and solve this algebraically, i.e. to try and find a closed form solution for the variables α,β in terms of known quantities. After all, it seems like a relatively simple geometric problem, and we have four equations and four unknowns.
A naïve approach might be to use the general cubic solution to rearrange equations (3) and (4) for t1, and set the two expressions equal, eliminating t1. Repeat for (5) and (6) to eliminate t2, and finally solve for α and β. This should work in theory, but if you've ever tried to use the general cubic solution, you'll know why this is problematic. It soon blows up into tens of terms, resulting in many pages of working and much loose hair.
I also tried entering this equation set into a couple of symbolic computation packages (Maple and SAGE) and praying for a solution (solve()). In both cases they ran out of memory without a result. The reason is that they attempt to apply a general method for solving simultaneous polynomial equations, based on computing Gröbner bases (click if you dare, but honestly that Wikipedia page is pretty impenetrable to anyone who doesn't already have a PhD in computing Gröbner bases). The method is exponential in the number of variables, and while it can handle large polynomials over a handful of variables, it is not a good method when there are many variables.
I threw down the gauntlet on Facebook, calling on maths geeks everywhere to help. To my disappointment, no-one tried to attack this algebraically; all of the suggestions leaned towards numerical approaches. One commenter (Kenneth Tsui) very kindly sent me an Excel spreadsheet that implemented the solution numerically using Newton's method, an iterative method for successively improving an initial guess by gradient descent of the error function. The geometry of the problem is such that we can make good initial guesses (α = 1, β = 1, t1 = 1/3, t2 = 2/3), so this method actually works very reliably and only takes three iterations to converge:
Personally I would never have thought to use Excel like this, but it turns out that even a hatchet can be used to hammer in a nail 😉
I tried this for a few splines. For simple splines the results are good, but when there's high curvature the deviation can be noticeable (green is the real offset curve, red the approximation):
One could improve the result with a more targeted choice of points B and C, or by adding more freedom to the offset spline — perhaps a higher order polynomial, or more control points — but the mathematics was breaking my head already just trying to fit a cubic Bézier. Let's go back a step and try another approach…
Offset curves, using Onshape constraints
Remember that I mentioned that Onshape is able to create an offset curve quite effortlessly when using the offset tool in the sketch GUI. How does it do this?
Onshape has a handy feature that you can view the code generated by the GUI (right click on a Part Studio → View Code). By perusing the code produced by the offset tool, I did eventually figure out how to create an offset curve from FeatureScript. The key is to create a new spline using skSpline() or skSplineSegment(), and then add a DISTANCE constraint that constrains it to be a certain distance away from the first spline:
skFitSpline(sketch, "spline1", {
vector(0,0) * meter,
vector(100,100) * meter
"startDerivative" : vector(300,-150) * meter,
"endDerivative" : vector(150,-150) * meter
skSplineSegment(sketch, "spline2", {});
skConstraint(sketch, "distance", {
"constraintType" : ConstraintType.DISTANCE,
"localFirst" : "spline1",
"localSecond" : "spline2",
"length" : 5 * meter,
"direction" : DimensionDirection.MINIMUM,
"alignment" : DimensionAlignment.ANTI_ALIGNED
// not strictly required?
skConstraint(sketch, "offset", {
"constraintType" : ConstraintType.OFFSET,
"localMaster" : "spline1",
"localOffset" : "spline2"
The OFFSET constraint does not seem to be required for the solver to do the right thing here, it may just be for GUI display purposes, but I've left it in the code example just in case.
There is one oddity with this. We have not specified any constraints on the endpoints, and sometimes the solver takes more liberty with the second endpoint than you might like. For example, depending on spline parameters, you can get something like this:
I've not been able to figure out the logic of how the solver chooses the second endpoint, however this is of purely academic interest — in practice, the requirements of the CAD problem will usually dictate physical constraints on the endpoints. If you want to force the second curve to end at the same point as the first curve, you can add an extra constraint between the endpoints, for example:
skConstraint(sketch, "distance.end", {
"localFirst" : "spline1.end",
"localSecond" : "spline2.end",
In the earlier picture where I used an offset spline to create a 3D object, I needed to join the spline ends with two line segments to form a face. As in the sketch GUI, this can be done by using COINCIDENT constraints. (The code is simple but rather verbose; if you need many such constraints in your FeatureScript it may be worth writing a makeCoincident() function.)
skLineSegment(sketch, "line1", {});
skConstraint(sketch, "coincident.line1.start", {
"constraintType" : ConstraintType.COINCIDENT,
"localFirst" : "line1.start",
"localSecond" : "spline1.start"
skConstraint(sketch, "coincident.line1.end", {
"localFirst" : "line1.end",
"localSecond" : "spline1.end"
The sketch GUI also has a "slot" tool that allows you to conveniently draw two offset curves, with semicircular end caps. This can be implemented in FeatureScript following the same approach as the above code, replacing skLineSegment() with skArc(); indeed under the bonnet this is what the slot tool generates.
Offset curves in Onshape
While we can now create an offset curve in a sketch, we still haven't really answered the question of how Onshape is doing this magic. Have the wizards at Onshape cracked the problem of how to derive offset spline parameters from the original spline?
While their wizardry is impressive, the answer is no, Onshape actually uses a much simpler method. It stores an offset curve as the original spline parameters and an offset value. The points of the offset curve can then be calculated numerically at evaluation time using an approach equivalent to equation set 2. If you've attempted to follow my mathematics above, you'll now appreciate how much simpler this is.
Unfortunately, there does not seem to be any way (that I can find) to specify the offset value explicitly when creating a spline. For splines used in sketches, you can use a DISTANCE constraint as shown above, and the solver will assign the right offset to the second spline. This is a little tedious but works well. However it can't be applied to splines created outside of sketches (opFitSpline() or opCreateBSplineCurve()); in this case there is no way that I can find to specify the offset value. I hope that the ability to specify an explicit offset might be added in a future version.
Side note on Onshape rendering
As a side note, while the Onshape computational engine evaluates curve points precisely where needed, the objects displayed in the GUI are built using straight edges. The rendering is not refined as you zoom in. Thus, attempting to visually place elements may produce unexpected results. For example, below is a line segment that is constrained to be co-incident with an spline; in the zoomed-in GUI, there is a gap you could drive a large bacterium through. The line segment does, however, touch the real spline.
For the most part the accuracy of the GUI approximation is a moot point of course. The underlying solver does evaluate the points precisely, and the generated geometry is correct. The take home message is that — as in any parametric CAD system — you should specify any constraints that you need and not rely on visual placement in the GUI.
Offset curve self-intersection
When drawing offset curves on the concave side of a spline, there is a problem that sometimes arises: the offset curve may run into itself (in fact, this always happens for some offset distance, but it's most problematic when the spline has high curvature). If we blindly apply equation set 2 and plot the curve that results, we see that the offset curve has a loop:
(If you're surprised by the shape of this loop, take something like an eraser and sweep it along the path; there is a point where the top of the eraser has to start moving downwards to make it around the tight bend.)
In this case, Onshape throws up its hands and refuses to create the offset curve. Sometimes this can happen even when one is not explicitly working with offset curves: for instance, the "thicken" operation I used earlier in this article requires the calculation of offset curves, which may fail depending on the thickness value. In that example, a value of 1 meter works okay, but 2 meters fails (in either direction), and it's not immediately obvious where in the curve the self-intersection is. This can be quite frustrating when working with parametric objects; a small tweak in parameters can cause the object to suddenly fail to render.
There do exist algorithms that can trim loops from offset curves. Even after trimming the loop, there is still the complication that there is a cusp (vertex) in the curve where the loop was, which changes the geometry of any objects built from this curve: for example, if you were to extrude the above curve, there is now an extra edge in the knee. I've noticed that Onshape refuses to draw splines with cusps, which is likely to avoid this problem of surplus geometry. One way around this would be to interpolate an arc at the cusp (Maya can do this, for example), but this clearly involves a lot of added complexity in the computation.
I do hope that Onshape considers supporting some form of offset curve trimming in the future, or at least giving more detailed feedback when curve problems occur. This would make the system considerably most robust. As it is, I've found myself 'testing' my curves in Octave/MATLAB before throwing them at Onshape, otherwise I can end up with a blank sheet and no idea where I went wrong.
There's a lot I haven't covered in this article. In order to understand how Onshape represents offset curves, I sniffed the Websocket communication between the browser and the backend, which was an interesting rabbit hole. While the Developer Tools in both Chrome and Firefox can display Websocket communication, neither could dump binary Websocket streams in any useful format that I could use for further dissection. So instead I used mitmproxy to interpose on the SSL session and Wireshark/tshark to capture the communication. I then ran into the further obstacle that the Websocket traffic was compressed, and the Internet-given dissector plugin for this was deficient in a number of ways. A quick crash course in Lua later, and I have an improved version of this plugin on my github account (websocket_deflate_postdissector).
As usual I've learnt a lot of things about a lot of things in the process, and hopefully some of this information will be useful to you too. However, it's probably time to get back to my actual design project.
I later realised a better way to tackle equations (3)–(7) algebraically might be the method of resultants; this allows eliminating t1 from equations (3) and (4) without having to rearrange for t1. (The resultant is sometimes known as an eliminant for this reason.) However, even with the method of resultants the closed form solution seems intractable. Here is a small sample of the polynomial equation I ended up with when solving for α:
Perhaps numerical methods are not so bad, after all.
This entry was posted in Computing. Bookmark the permalink.
5 Responses to Splines in Onshape, part 2
Bruce Bartlett says:
Great work Matthew, most went over my head but glad you're enjoying Onshape. I am hoping we might be able to do an Onshape event in Sydney next year, maybe you can come and talk there. Also good discounts on the table ATM for pro plans to build numbers here in Australia, exciting times for CAD. Bruce
Thanks Bruce. Would love to see an Onshape event in Sydney.
Michał Lach says:
Hi, Matthew, love your work.
Did you try to investigate how Onshape eventually approximate spline offset? If you would extrude spline offset, I see no other way than to create a new spline.
I think that devs decided to do the "magic" to keep sketch solver more robust, but they must have some method to approximate new spline.
Thanks Michał. In theory I think it would be possible to keep the spline in the {spline,offset} form even if you extrude it – e.g. for a simple perpendicular extrude, the new edge becomes {spline+height,offset} with the same offset. I did some brief experiments and I think it may actually be done this way, there is no numerical error introduced by a simple perpendicular extrude. (I haven't checked the network protocol though, that's more effort to snoop.) However if I add a draft angle, either in the extrude or after, it does introduce some numerical error from the theoretical solution. From experience with other complex features in Onshape I would guess that this is implemented by evaluating points numerically and creating a new spline with many control points – probably subdividing until the error goes below a threshold – rather than trying to fit a spline with a fixed number of control points. I haven't looked into it in detail though.
Thanks Matthew, I was just wondering if you had any chance to dig into this subject.
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text:
package org.wso2.carbon.bpel.ui.bpel2svg.impl;

import org.apache.axiom.om.OMElement;
import org.wso2.carbon.bpel.ui.bpel2svg.ActivityInterface;
import org.wso2.carbon.bpel.ui.bpel2svg.BPEL2SVGFactory;
import org.wso2.carbon.bpel.ui.bpel2svg.FaultHandlerInterface;

/**
 * FaultHandler tag UI implementation
 */
public class FaultHandlerImpl extends EventHandlerImpl implements FaultHandlerInterface {
    /**
     * Initializes a new instance of the FaultHandlerImpl class using the specified string i.e. the token
     *
     * @param token
     */
    public FaultHandlerImpl(String token) {
        super(token);
        //Assigns the name of the activity to be displayed when drawing the process
        if (name == null) {
            name = "FAULTHANDLER";
        }
        displayName = "Fault Handlers";

        // Set Start and End Icons and their Sizes
        startIconPath = BPEL2SVGFactory.getInstance().getIconPath(this.getClass().getName());
        endIconPath = BPEL2SVGFactory.getInstance().getEndIconPath(this.getClass().getName());
        // Set Layout
        setVerticalChildLayout(false);
    }

    /**
     * Initializes a new instance of the FaultHandlerImpl class using the specified omElement
     *
     * @param omElement which matches the FaultHandler tag
     */
    public FaultHandlerImpl(OMElement omElement) {
        super(omElement);
        //Assigns the name of the activity to be displayed when drawing the process
        if (name == null) {
            name = "FAULTHANDLER";
        }
        displayName = "Fault Handlers";

        // Set Start and End Icons and their Sizes
        startIconPath = BPEL2SVGFactory.getInstance().getIconPath(this.getClass().getName());
        endIconPath = BPEL2SVGFactory.getInstance().getEndIconPath(this.getClass().getName());
        // Set Layout
        setVerticalChildLayout(false);
    }

    /**
     * Initializes a new instance of the FaultHandlerImpl class using the specified omElement
     * Constructor that is invoked when the omElement type matches an FaultHandler Activity when processing the
     * subActivities
     * of the process
     *
     * @param omElement which matches the FaultHandler tag
     * @param parent
     */
    public FaultHandlerImpl(OMElement omElement, ActivityInterface parent) {
        super(omElement);
        setParent(parent);
        //Assigns the name of the activity to be displayed when drawing the process
        if (name == null) {
            name = "FAULTHANDLER";
        }
        displayName = "Fault Handlers";

        // Set Start and End Icons and their Sizes
        startIconPath = BPEL2SVGFactory.getInstance().getIconPath(this.getClass().getName());
        endIconPath = BPEL2SVGFactory.getInstance().getEndIconPath(this.getClass().getName());
        // Set Layout
        setVerticalChildLayout(false);
    }

    /**
     * @return- String with the end tag of FaultHandler Activity
     */
    @Override
    public String getEndTag() {
        return BPEL2SVGFactory.FAULTHANDLER_END_TAG;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Thousands of tickets were sold in the first council-run lottery draw for good causes.
Around 1,231 tickets were sold for the first draw of West Norfolk Wins, a lottery scheme aimed at raising funds for charities and good causes in the area, with 50 good causes already signed up.
The first lottery draw included a prize draw for a 50" TV sponsored by homes developer Lovell and a sound bar sponsored by retailer Hughes.
The winner, Mrs Angela Schrier, from Terrington, said: "I would never be able to afford such expensive items, so this is something that me and my three boys will get a lot of pleasure from. I have never won anything like this before so I am ridiculously excited.
To register as a good cause or to buy tickets to support a good cause, visit westnorfolkwins.co.uk.


text:
"Обичам те дотук" е седмият студиен албум на българската рок група ФСБ, издаден от студио "Балкантон" през 1987 г.

Списък на песните
 "Обичам те дотук" – 3:11
 "Антиквар" – 3:19
 "Леден лабиринт" – 4:45
 "Сладолед" – 4:15
 "Гара разделна" – 4:28
 "Браня се" – 4:35
 "В средата" – 4:32
 "Заспало зло под камък" – 4:07
 "Мама" – 5:56
 "Отговор" – 2:34

Състав
 Румен Бояджиев – вокал, електронни клавишни, програми
 Константин Цеков – вокал и клавишни
 Петър Славов – стакато барабани, ударни
 Ивайло Крайчовски – крамер бас, фретлес бас
 Иван Лечев – стратокастер, крамер, овейшън – китари, баркус берри – ел. цигулка

Албуми на ФСБ
Музикални албуми от 1987 година

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text: copy "src" "%APPDATA%\Sublime Text 3\Packages\User"


text:
Q: Method in type from assembly does not have an implementation I have a NET Framework 4.8 WinForms desktop app which works fine. I use Visual Studio 2022. However, once in a while I get the following error when opening some forms in the form designer:

Method '' in type '' from assembly '' does not have an implementation.

The assembly is my own and the method does have an implementation.
I've tried cleaning the solution, rebuilding it, deleting the bin and obj folders. Everything fails. Then, all of a sudden, everything starts working again. But when that happens is just random.
Is this a known problem and whether a solution exists?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: fatal: Not a git repository (or any parent up to mount point /) I get the said error when I run the code git status /path/to/file or like git add "/path/to/file/README"
I've initialized the /path/to/file using init git init /path/to/file. This seems to work fine
From git manual git status [<options>...] [--] [<pathspec>...] I understand this means I can add /path/to/file (also answered here) or did I get it wrong?
Tried the answers from here and also the links (under This question already has an answer here:) in it.
git clone url /path/to/file works fine but git status /path/to/clone/ gives the same error
Tried Uninstalling and re-installing git. git version is 2.14.1 running on Ubuntu 17.10
Edit: If I cd /path/to/file and run git status, it works fine.

A: Git needs to know where the repository is, running git status /path/to/dir is not enough. Either the current directory is a (sub)directory of a repository (that is, cd /path/to/dir) or you explicitly say where the repository is:
git --git-dir=/path/to/dir/.git --work-tree=/path/to/dir status README

or
GIT_DIR=/path/to/dir/.git WORK_TREE=/path/to/dir git status README

Seems like cd is the shortest and simplest solution.

A: Yes I had the same issue, I wasn't in the same directory as the project (since after cloning it, you have to cd into it).


Servier has continued its push into oncology and search beyond its walls for innovation by striking a $130 million (€115 million) deal with Taiho Pharmaceutical. The fee, which is made up of an upfront payment and near-term milestone, will give Servier the rights to Taiho's treatment for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
The deal concerns TAS-102, a treatment for mCRC that has already won approval in Japan and is under review in Europe and the U.S. A slice of the $130 million is tied to the approval of TAS-102 in Europe, an event which would also trigger the ramping up of commercialization efforts by Servier in the region. Paris, France-based Servier is on the hook for milestones payments based on regulatory and sales events, plus royalties, too. And it will work with Taiho on further global development, picking up half of the tab for the R&D bill and reaping the same share of any rewards.
Taiho already has data from a Phase III trial in 768 patients, 403 of whom were enrolled in Europe. Each patient had received at least two lines of chemotherapy. The treatment arm of the European wing of the trial achieved an overall survival of 6.8 months, compared to 4.9 months among patients who received placebo. More than two-thirds of patients in the treatment arm experienced adverse events of grade three or higher, meaning their experiences ranged from severe but not life threatening to death. Around half of the European placebo wing suffered similar adverse events.
The drug behind the effects is a combination of a trifluridine (FTD) and tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI), a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. Taiho designed the combination to achieve sustained inhibition of tumor growth--with TPI preventing degradation of the DNA disruptor FTD--and thinks it could prove to be effective against other chemotherapy-resistant forms of cancer. Servier thinks the drug, the existing data and longer-term potential are impressive enough to warrant getting out its checkbook, something it has done with increasing frequency in recent years.
"We began partnering with academic centres in oncology in the mid-1990s but now want to develop partnerships with biotech and pharmaceuticals companies more actively to accelerate our access to innovation. Partnerships increase our means--qualitatively and quantitatively," Servier Business Development Chief Pascal Touchon told The Financial Times. The strategy is illustrated clearly by a list of Servier's research and licensing collaborations. From 2004 to 2009, Servier lists six deals. Since 2010, it has struck 19 collaborations, a tripling in the rate of annual deal activity.


"Fake Love has been in the music industry for years and it's still around. I'm not a big fan of it and that's why my circle is very very small."
0 Comment to "'Fake love has been in the music industry for years' - Lil Kesh"


text:
Media Rights Capital est une société indépendante américaine pour le cinéma et la télévision fondée par Mordecai Wiczyk et Asif Satchu en 2006.

Distributions
 Indépendant : (2006–présent)
 Warner Bros. Pictures (2009-2012)
 Universal Pictures (2009-présent)

Filmographie

Séries télévisées
Actuelles
 House of Cards (2013–2018) pour Netflix
 Blunt Talk (2015-) pour Starz
 Ozark (2017-) pour Netflix
 Counterpart (2017-) pour Starz

Anciennes diffusions
 The Ricky Gervais Show (2010–2012) pour HBO
 Le Monde selon Tim (2008–2012) pour HBO
 Shaq Vs. (2009–2010) pour ABC
 Rita Rocks (2008–2009) pour Lifetime
 Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire (2009) pour Comedy Central
 Surviving Suburbia (2009) pour ABC
 The Goode Family (2009) pour ABC
 Easy Money (2008) pour The CW
 Valentine (2008) pour The CW
 In Harm's Way (2008) pour The CW

Cinéma
 2006 : Babel de Alejandro González Iñárritu, distribué par Paramount Vantage
 2008 : Manipulation (Deception) de Marcel Langenegger, par 20th Century Fox
 2009 : Brüno de Larry Charles, par Universal Pictures
 2009 : Shorts de Robert Rodriguez, par Warner Bros. Pictures
 2009 : Mytho-Man (The Invention of Lying) de Ricky Gervais et Matthew Robinson, par Warner Bros. Pictures
 2009 : The Box de Richard Kelly, par Warner Bros. Pictures
 2010 : Devil de Drew Dowdle et John Erick Dowdle, par Universal Pictures
 2011 : L'Agence (The Adjustment Bureau) de George Nolfi, par Universal Pictures
 2011 : 30 minutes maximum (30 Minutes or Less) de Ruben Fleischer, par Columbia Pictures
 2012 : Ted de Seth MacFarlane, Universal Pictures
 2013 : Elysium de Neill Blomkamp, Sony Pictures
 2013 : Riddick (The Chronicles of Riddick Dead Man Stalking) de David Twohy
 2014 : Albert à l'ouest (A Million Ways to Die in the West) de Seth MacFarlane
 2017 : Baby Driver d'Edgar Wright
 2018 : Mortal Engines de Christian Rivers
 2019 : À couteaux tirés (Knives Out) de Rian Johnson
 2020 : The Lovebirds de Michael Showalter par Paramount Pictures
 2022 : Jerry and Marge Go Large de David Frankel

Notes et références

Liens externes

Société de production de cinéma ayant son siège aux États-Unis
Entreprise du secteur financier ayant son siège aux États-Unis


Kochi: Superstar Mohanlal, who leads the Association of Malayalam Movie Artistes (A.M.M.A), came under fire from the Kerala Women's Commission on Thursday over the decision to reinstate accused actor Dileep into the artistes' body.
Breathing fire on Mohanlal, Commission Chairperson M C Josephine reminded that A.M.M.A's Sunday decision led by the superstar was flawed. "No doubt, Mohanlal's stocks have definitely fallen," said Josephine to the media.
Her statement came a day after four leading actresses, including the kidnap victim, resigned from A.M.M.A.
"After this decision, the name of the organisation A.M.M.A (mother) does not suit it anymore. The ruling Left government and the CPI-M party should look into this," added Josephine.
Dileep's reinstatment has become the centre of a row following the newly formed Women in Cinema Collective's (WCC) Facebook post on Monday and the subsequent resignation by four leading actresses from A.M.M.A on Wednesday.
Even, Kerala Fisheries Minister J Mercykutty on Thursday expressed surprise in the manner in which A.M.M.A had revoked Dileep's suspension.
"It's surprising that the two legislators — Mukesh of the CPI-M and K B Ganesh Kumar, supporting the ruling Left government — were also party to the decision," said Mercykutty .
PWD Minister G Sudhakaran said that he never had a good opinion about Dileep. "He is an arrogant person. I fully support the four actress who quit A.M.M.A, as none with any self respect can continue in the same organisation," said Sudhakaran.
Everyone is now awaiting superstar Mammootty's decision. It was Mammootty, who had announced the decision to remove Dileep from A.M.M.A to the media, then.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<title>Group ComboBox - jQuery EasyUI Demo</title>
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../themes/default/easyui.css">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../themes/icon.css">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../demo.css">

Group ComboBox

This example shows how to display combobox items in groups.

		<input type="checkbox" onchange="$('#cc').combobox({groupPosition:$(this).is(':checked')?'sticky':'static'})">
		Sticky Group

	<input id="cc" class="easyui-combobox" name="browser" style="width:280px;" data-options="
				url: 'combobox_data2.json',
				method: 'get',
				valueField:'value',
				textField:'text',
				groupField:'group'
			">