Joris Larik is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs of Leiden University in the Netherlands and Senior Researcher for the Just Security 2020 Program at Stimson.
Editor's note: This essay is part of an initiative launched by the Stimson Center's South Asia Program, which we call the Off Ramps Initiative. The nuclear competition among China, India, and Pakistan is accelerating with the introduction of new ballistic and cruise missiles. Counterforce capabilities are growing. China has begun to place multiple warheads on some of its ballistic missiles, Pakistan has advertised its ability to do so, and India has demonstrated this capacity in its space program. Diplomacy is dormant as these and other nuclear capabilities expand. What to do? Stimson has asked rising talent in this field, as well as a few veterans, to offer creative ideas that can help ameliorate and decelerate this dangerous triangular nuclear competition.
Indian and Pakistan could benefit from establishing a dedicated, secure, and redundant 24/7 communications link—a "hotline"—between their respective NCAs (the National Command Authority in Pakistan and the Nuclear Command Authority in India), the top decision-making bodies on nuclear issues. 20 years after becoming overt nuclear powers, India and Pakistan have not established a direct communications link between their respective nuclear apparatuses. This is despite having three major crises in this period (1999, 2001-2002, and 2008) and regular firings and militant attacks across the Line of Control (LOC). In contrast, the United States and Soviet Union established their nuclear "hotline" 14 years after the USSR became a nuclear state.
There are two broad models for this communications link. They are not mutually exclusive, but overlap and reflect the range of linkages that were established between adversaries in the Cold War. The first would be a nuclear risk reduction center (NRRC) comparable to what the United States and Soviet Union created in the late 1980s. The second is a hotline patterned after the U.S.-Soviet hotline established in 1963, in the wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The latter would be similar to what Aditi Malhotra suggested in South Asian Voices, reflecting on the 20-year anniversary of the nuclear tests.
As first proposed, in the early 1980s, an NRRC was intended to facilitate negotiations and support procedural and technical measures to reduce nuclear risks, create a buffer for nuclear discussions from the ups and downs of U.S.-Soviet relations, provide instant communications, and reassure worried publics. Notably the NRRC linked civilian decision-makers, although there was military involvement. What emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s was more a modest center that focuses on the information exchanges to support a variety of nuclear arms-control treaties, although it has expanded its role to support the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE).
The U.S.-Soviet nuclear hotline was established in 1963 after the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the wake of their near war experience, both sides realized that there was no secure, authoritative, reliable, and rapid communications method between their respective nuclear command-and-control apparatuses. However, unlike the NRRC, which is controlled by civilians in each country, the hotline is only between the headquarters of U.S. and Soviet/Russian militaries.
There is currently no communications link between nuclear apparatuses and the hotline between Indian and Pakistani foreign secretaries has been moribund since it was agreed to in 2005. Consequently, nuclear risks in South Asia are increasing as both countries pursue destabilizing weapons such as battlefield nuclear weapons and ballistic missile defense and both countries pursue aggressive policies against each other, including support for cross-border militancy and short-war contingencies (aka "Cold Start").
India and Pakistan would benefit from establishing a link between their nuclear apparatuses that is more robust than the U.S.-Soviet/Russian hotline. However, attempting to create an NRRC-like structure, even one stripped down to the current version, is well beyond what the mutual relationship would tolerate. Attempting to establish an NRRC-like structure could be a recipe for failure. The U.S.-Soviet/Russian NRRC was only established at the end of the Cold War after years of arms-control negotiations and treaty implementation, significant interaction between each country's nuclear and military establishments, and diminished mutual hostility. These conditions are unlikely to exist in South Asia for many years.
Instead, this Off Ramps proposal seeks a "hotline-plus" communications link. At some point in the future when relations become more stable this could grow into an NRRC-type arrangement. This hotline-plus should include the key military and civilian organizations responsible for nuclear issues in order to address the array of nuclear challenges and take advantage of modern information/digital technology.
The hotline-plus should entail direct 24/7 secure communications between each country's top nuclear command elements—the NCAs. There would be benefit from having a dedicated staff, facilities, and communications in both capitals and, if needed, in distributed locations elsewhere. By locating this structure at the top of the government it indicates the importance of nuclear issues and helps facilitate execution of decisions.
Like the U.S.-Soviet/Russian NRRC, this structure can be used to exchange information, including ballistic missile test launches and the annual data exchanges as well as support future negotiations and additional confidence-building measures. Like the U.S.-Soviet/Russian hotline, it can serve as a secure communications link between military command-and-control elements. A structure at the NCA level would encompass civilian organizations and serve as a vital link to coordinate nuclear safety, health, and environmental concerns between neighbors. While modern information/digital technology can greatly facilitate connectivity in a way not possible during the Cold War, India and Pakistan would benefit from exchanging liaison officers to reduce risks of misinterpreting information and build trust.
Neither New Delhi nor Islamabad is pushing for a hotline and neither is willing to implement such an initiative in response to international desires. Relations between the two are poor and there is considerable mutual hostility and no trust. Both are content to use existing formal and informal diplomatic links to communicate with each other, supported by the hotline between their respective armies to manage the level of violence along the LOC. Regardless, there are two potential benefits that support their national interests that may transcend their mutual enmity; managing risks associated with expanding nuclear infrastructure and the need to manage unforeseen actions or events during major crises.
India and Pakistan are expanding their nuclear programs, including civilian power generation and research capabilities. Consequently, there are more facilities, more sensitive material being shipped, and more people are involved, increasing the odds of accidents and security problems. India is seeking to expand its civilian nuclear power industry significantly to support economic development and reduce pollution caused by coal and other fossil fuels. While implementation of its plans has slowed, India wants to build over 20 nuclear power reactors over the next couple of decades. Meanwhile, Pakistan is buying Chinese nuclear power reactors to reduce oil imports and support economic development.
There is a real prospect of an accident or security incident occurring. Almost every other country with nuclear power reactors has experienced incidents ranging from small-scale accidents, to major events (e.g. Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and Fukushima). Given the already fraught relations between India and Pakistan, the chance that such an incident being misinterpreted by the other is high, especially given the expansion of social media and the risks of rumors and "fake news." Just as important is India and Pakistan's physical proximity, which means that an accident in one could cause health and environmental threats in the other in a matter of hours or days.
A direct 24/7 communications link would provide a ready and rapid means to inform the other side of what really occurred. Moreover, depending on the location of the incident, a nuclear hotline may allow for coordination of a response if there are health or environmental risks.
Such a hotline would include civilians thereby linking the key elements directly affected by such a reactor accident. By establishing this hotline at the NCA level it would also combine military and security elements that could aid in dispelling rumors. By integrating civilian and military elements those organizations with most capacity to respond to a serious accident are quickly mobilized. India and Pakistan have agreed in broad terms that nuclear accidents are issues they should discuss and a NCA hotline could serve as the communication link.
A hotline is likely to be of little benefit in preventing a crisis if India or Pakistan is intent on using force or threatening force, including nuclear weapons, to gain political advantage. Nonetheless, a communications link between their NCAs would be useful in reducing risks that the unintended ups and downs in their relationship escalate beyond what the either side expects. In this way, a hotline between the NCAs would serve the same function as the existing director general of military operations (DGMO) hotline, but for nuclear crises. The existing DGMO hotline was established in 1990 and it has limited, but not stopped, the violence along the LOC. India and Pakistan have normalized its use to manage tensions and calibrate actions in order to prevent them from escalating beyond the level that either government wants. As both countries deploy and normalize their nuclear forces aimed at each other, they should establish a similar means to manage potential nuclear tensions.
Beyond the broader mission of managing crisis escalation risks, the changing nature of nuclear forces in India and Pakistan makes crisis de-escalation increasingly challenging. India and Pakistan are increasingly using mobility and dispersal to ensure survivability. As a crisis develops both countries will disperse weapons as a part of their mobilization efforts. After a crisis peaks and both sides decide to end the standoff, they will need to return their forces to garrison and lower readiness. Monitoring and verifying this redeployment of nuclear systems will be a major challenge, especially since tensions and mutual mistrust will be high. A hotline would be essential in providing a means to coordinate de-escalation and ensure that one side does not think the other is cheating.
A simple example is illustrative of the potential benefit. After a crisis ends and both sides are returning forces to garrison, a deployed missile launcher has an accident or breaks down and cannot be moved. A hotline would provide a rapid and ready way to reassure the other side that they are not cheating.
Pakistan is introducing battlefield nuclear systems to counter a potential Indian conventional offensive. Consequently, there is a prospect that these weapons may be moved into the field early in a crisis and be physically closer to forces that had engaged in combat. As a result, coordinating de-escalation will become even more important, challenging, and time-constrained, necessitating a rapid and authoritative conversation between the two governments to avoid misperceptions and reigniting the crisis.
India and Pakistan are developing sea-based nuclear weapons potentially prompting changes in their mobilization, deployment, and command, control, communications systems. During de-escalation, the nuclear weapons could still be at sea for several days with a potentially less assured way to prevent misinterpretation of actions and ensure conventionally-armed ships and aircraft—or civilian shipping—do not inadvertently impact de-escalation.
One of the drivers for creating the U.S.-USSR hotline in 1963 was the difficulty both sides had in monitoring de-escalation, including at sea, with tensions and tempers still high. After it was signed in 1972, the United States and USSR used the hotline to support the Incidents at Sea (INCSEA) agreement to manage interactions at sea.
Most observers believe that the most likely trigger for a major crisis with nuclear implications is a very large terrorist attack in India by Pakistan-based militants, necessitating intense crisis management efforts by a third party in addition to the governments in Islamabad and New Delhi. Analysts will debate the extent of Pakistani government control over anti-India militants, but previous crises have contributed to the presumption of culpability if not support. In such a case, a nuclear hotline would afford the opportunity to contain a crisis and limit escalation if events appear to get out of control.
There is no political interest in either capital to establish a link between their NCAs and they have allowed their existing arrangement between the foreign secretaries to lay fallow. Senior decision-makers are otherwise pre-occupied and bilateral tensions undermine any desire to look for ways to minimize nuclear risk, especially since both sides view a nuclear crisis as a very low probability event. Some on both sides will perceive that a hotline would amplify risk-taking and reinforce deeply set nuclear narratives. After over 70 years of animosity this objection will not be overcome easily. However, given the expanding civilian nuclear programs in both countries, Pakistan's fielding of battlefield weapons, and plans to place weapons at sea, New Delhi and Islamabad need to act to address concrete national interests and isolate the broader argument about national narratives.
There will also be concern that this hotline would be used for espionage and deception. The first concern, which was also raised for the U.S.-Soviet hotline and NRRC, has proven unfounded and can be addressed in any event by sound technical and procedural devices as well as by competent expertise. The possibility of deception will always be present, as is the case in the absence of a hotline between NCAs. A hotline is not going to solve all problems; it just provides one means among others to communicate a solution.
The other main obstacle is the organizational disconnect between India and Pakistan's nuclear apparatuses. The current DGMO hotlines work because similar organizations and people are communicating with each other—an Indian brigadier can talk to a Pakistani brigadier and they have similar responsibilities and roles and they can speak on similar terms. This does not exist in regards to nuclear issues.
Pakistan's NCA is dominated by the military, even with civilian politicians involved in decisions. Moreover, the management and operation of the nuclear forces is centralized under the Strategic Plans Division (SPD), which effectively provides a one-stop-shop for nuclear issues. In contrast, India's NCA is dominated by civilians centered in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and involving the civilian national security advisor (NSA). In contrast to Pakistan, the management and operation of nuclear forces in India involves strong institutional roles for the civilian Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) in addition to the military's Strategic Forces Command (SFC) and service chiefs.
Establishing a hotline between the NCAs links similar organizations in India and Pakistan. In each case, the command-and-control elements in charge of the military and civilian nuclear programs are connected, enabling communication and decision-making by like organizations regardless if the issue is an accident at a power plant, a military crisis, or de-escalation after a military crisis. While India and Pakistan manage their nuclear apparatuses in distinct ways, they both have comparable peak organizations, the NCA. Like the DGMO hotline, a NCA-to-NCA hotline would enable like organizations to communicate with each other.
Aditi Malhotra in South Asian Voices made a good proposal by suggesting a hotline between the country's NSAs as a way of addressing this issue. The challenge is that the NSA in Pakistan may or may not have much power and by centering the link on individuals as opposed to an institution it may not capture the organizational diversity in the management of nuclear forces within each country.
India-Pakistan relations are likely to remain poor, for the foreseeable future. As a result, ideas that originate on the outside, but whose logic are subsequently embraced by India and Pakistani decision-makers, could help alleviate tensions, especially those related to crises. The United States historically played the key role, as it did in facilitating the 1990 DGMO hotline. However, since then, the U.S. regional role has shifted, as Washington is more focused on Afghan-Pakistan issues and counterterrorism than India-Pakistan and nuclear stability.
Moreover, Islamabad believes that the United States favors India over Pakistan, as evidenced by the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative. As a result, Washington may not have the influence it once had in the region. Some have suggested including China in South Asian nuclear discussions, given the triangular nature of the regional balance. While Beijing might eventually become supportive, it lacks experience with nuclear hotlines and has historically shied away from nuclear diplomacy in South Asia. Also, Indian-Chinese tensions are likely to be fraught and become increasingly nuclearized as New Delhi fields long-range missiles against China.
The key to moving forward is likely to be in timing—having an initiative to offer at the right time when both sides are looking for something tangible during periods when the relationship is improving. India-Pakistan relations fluctuate over time like an irregular sine wave. During a period of eased tension, senior decision-makers often look for useful ideas to advance relations and a nuclear hotline could serve this goal.
Harry I. Hannah is a Senior Analyst in the U.S. Intelligence Community. He has been an analyst on regional and international security issues for over 33 years, including most of the last 14 years assessing South Asian strategic issues.
 Verghese Koithara, Managing India's Nuclear Forces (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2012); and Feroz Khan, Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012).
 Aditi Malhotra, "Twenty Years into Nuclear South Asia: Mitigating Dangers Together," South Asian Voices, May 25, 2018, https://southasianvoices.org/twenty-years-nuclear-south-asia-mitigating-dangers/.
 Michael Krepon, Nuclear Risk Reduction in South Asia (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004); Barry M. Blechman and Michael Krepon, "Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers," Significant Issues Series (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, 1986); and "United States Nuclear Risk Reduction Center," U.S. Department of State, https://www.state.gov/t/avc/nrrc/.
 Malhotra, "Twenty Years into Nuclear South Asia, Mitigating Dangers Together;" Rizwana Abassi and Lubna Abid Ali, "Twenty Years into Nuclear South Asia: Resuming Dialogue to Stabilize Deterrence," South Asian Voices, May 25, 2018, https://southasianvoices.org/nuclear-south-asia-dialogue-stabilize-deterrence/; and Frank O'Donnell, "Twenty Years into Nuclear South Asia: Pathways to Stability," South Asian Voices, June 13, 2018, https://southasianvoices.org/twenty-years-into-nuclear-south-asia-pathways-to-stability/.
 Gurmeet Kanwal, Sharpening the Arsenal: India's Evolving Nuclear Deterrence Policy (Noida: HarperCollins, 2018); and Toby Dalton and George Perkovich, "India's Nuclear Options and Escalation Dominance" (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 19, 2016), http://carnegieendowment.org/2016/05/19/india-s-nuclear-options-and-escalation-dominance/iydh.
 Kanwal, Sharpening the Arsenal; Khan, Eating Grass; and Koithara, Managing India's Nuclear Forces.
 Dalton and Perkovich, "India's Nuclear Options and Escalation Dominance;" Kanwal, Sharpening the Arsenal; and Koithara, Managing India's Nuclear Forces.
 Kanwal, Sharpening the Arsenal; and Koithara, Managing India's Nuclear Forces.
 Kanwal, Sharpening the Arsenal; and Khan, Eating Grass.


Description:SQL Commands - Learn about SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE, and WHERE commands.
SQL Commands is a website demonstrating how to use the most frequently used SQL clauses.
SQL Commands is not a comprehensive SQL Tutorial, but a simple guide to SQL clauses available online for free.
Our SQL Commands reference will show you how to use the SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE, and WHERE SQL commands.
Each of the SQL commands articles is illustrated with practical examples, designed to help you learn the SQL commands syntax.
You can also do the SQL practice exercises at the end of each tutorial.
A relational database consists of various database objects including but not limited to tables, views, stored procedures, user-defined functions, and triggers. Let's have a look at database tables first.
We can divide the SQL commands in several major categories depending on their purpose - Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Control Language (DCL), Data Query Language (DQL), and Data Manipulation Language (DML).
After we have created our table we can use the INSERT SQL statement (DML) to enter some data in it.
We used the WHERE SQL clause to specify that we want to update only the record with CityID of 4.
To learn in more detail about each of the SQL commands above please use the left navigation menu and watch our "Introduction to SQL Commands" video below.
home | contact | copy; Copyright 2015 Art Branch Inc.


text:
Q: Highcharts - Sankey chart - How to display some series dataLabels name into icon or some different name I have a simple sankey charts of highcharts. I am plotting it using a sample data.Every thing is working fine but I need to display some dataLabels as a different name.For Example in my data there is Brazil1 and Canada1, So where ever its contains Brazil1 and Canada1, I need to display Brazil and Canada using some condition. Here I can change it manually but my link will not work as its working.It won't point to each other.Here is my code below
HTML

SCRIPT
Highcharts.chart('container', {

    title: {
        text: 'Highcharts Sankey Diagram'
    },
    accessibility: {
        point: {
            valueDescriptionFormat: '{index}. {point.from} to {point.to}, {point.weight}.'
        }
    },

        exporting: {
  chartOptions: {
       series: [{
         dataLabels: {
           style: {
             fontSize: "6px",
             fontWeight: "normal"
           }
         }
       }]
       }
      },
    series: [{
        keys: ['from', 'to', 'weight'],
        data: [
            ['Brazil', 'Brazil1', 5],
            ['Brazil', 'France', 1],
            ['Brazil', 'Spain', 1],
            ['Brazil', 'England', 1],
            ['Canada', 'Canada1', 1],
            ['Canada', 'France', 5],
            ['Canada', 'England', 1],

        ],
         dataLabels: {
         allowOverlap: true,
           style: {
             fontSize: "15px",
             fontWeight: "normal"
           }
         },
        type: 'sankey',
        name: 'Sankey demo series'
    }]

});

A: You can customize how the labels are formatted with the following methods:

*

*Tooltips: tooltip.pointFormatter

*Data labels on nodes: dataLabels.nodeFormatter

*Data labels on arrows: dataLabels.formatter
Note that you'll need to provide a translation table to map your unwanted country name to the one you want. For example:
countries = {
  Brazil1: 'Wanted Brazil1 name',
  Canada1: 'Wanted Canada1 name',
};

Tooltips
In that formatter, the data point { from, to, weight } can be accessed via this, so we can write:
tooltip: {
  pointFormatter: function() {
    console.log('tooltip formatter', this);
    point = this;
    from = countries[point.from] || point.from;
    to = countries[point.to] || point.to;
    weight = point.weight
    return from + ' → ' + to + ': ' + weight;
  },
},

Labels on nodes
In that formatter, the country can be accessed via this.key, so we can write:
dataLabels: {
  nodeFormatter: function() {
    console.log('node formatter', this);
    return countries[this.key] || this.key;
  },
},

Labels on arrows
In that formatter, the data point { from, to, weight } can be accessed via this.point, so we can write:
dataLabels: {
  formatter: function() {
    console.log('formatter', this);
    point = this.point;
    from = countries[point.from] || point.from;
    to = countries[point.to] || point.to;
    weight = point.weight
    return from + ' → ' + to + ': ' + weight;
  },
},

You can see it in action here: https://jsfiddle.net/Metoule/q80t36ay/1/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Characteristics: Sterile nitrile pairs, tested for use with chemotherapy drugs. Meets all requirements of USP 800. Designed to allow easy double gloving. Pair packaged, inner wrapper in ozone resistant multi-vac packaging.


text:
What next for Brexit
The decision to leave the EU has been made, and we must grapple urgently with the more difficult task of deciding what kind of Britain we want.
Still one nation
A YouGov poll in July indicated that Britain's decision to leave the EU has not cut Scottish support for remaining within the UK, undermining the SNP's push for a second referendum.
Reclaim the unions (and ditch the Labour Party)
The Brexit campaign and in particular its result pose big problems not only for business and government in Britain and throughout Europe but also for the Labour Party and trade unions at home.
Britain shakes the world
History has been made. Forty-one years after the disastrous decision to remain in what was then the European Economic Community, the people of Britain have reasserted this country's independence.
Take responsibility, take charge
Britain has served the EU with notice to quit and the world has changed. It was a brave declaration, born of clarity and determination. When it counted the working class stood up and shouted The fiercely independent spirit of British workers at its best. We'll need more of that in the coming months and years.
Britain and the world
Barack Obama is not the first US president to lecture Britain about its place in the world. But he certainly chose a bizarre way to threaten the people of this country.
A vote for a future
We have said that the fight to ditch the EU is the "decisive confrontation" facing the working class this year. During the referendum campaign, the battle lines have been drawn ever more sharply.
Keep steelmaking in Britain!
We must bring strong and immediate pressure to bear on our negligent, treacherous government to maintain steelmaking in Britain.
Don't bail out the banks again
It is plain that the capitalist world is in an absolute mess – and that another financial crisis is brewing.
A future for Britain
On 23 June workers can use the referendum to strike the most important blow against capitalism in Britain in 70 years – voting to leave.
What makes us safe
In the "war against terror", British governments have wilfully ignored the best ways of fighting it. It won't be defeated by smart missiles or drones. It won't be defeated by toppling secular governments.
David Cameron has got his way, and the RAF is bombing Syria. We will all live to regret the despicable vote in parliament which saw the bombing authorised. MPs voted for invasion and death. Then they laughed.
It's still No to war on Syria
Cameron is planning to come back to parliament with a motion to authorise British bombing in Syria. In this he is backed by many Labour MPs and aided by the weak-willed hints from all parts of the shadow cabinet about a "free vote".
Credits for capitalists
Should British workers demand the right to working tax credits? The government's push to reduce them is being greeted with howls of outrage from many.
Steel and industry
The current crisis in steel is a perfect example of the debacle facing Britain as a whole. First we have a formerly nationalised industry being privatised, then inevitably finding its way into foreign hands.
No British intervention in Syria [short]
The Cameron government wants to bomb Syria, as do all too many Tory and Labour MPs. But British intervention could only be part of NATO's aim of ousting Syria's government. We should have no part in it.
No British intervention in Syria!
The Cameron government wants to bomb Syria, and so do all too many Labour MPs. But any British intervention would inflame a very dangerous situation – tossing a laser-guided missile into what is already a powder keg.
For employers, subsidies are forever
The assumption that the national minimum wage was good for workers was always wrong.
Fighting back in the war on youth
In this issue we carry a number of articles about the dire position faced by young people in Britain today. They are scarcely out of the womb when the government's testing regimes are applied to them.
It's time to stop magical thinking, time to allow experience to conquer false hope.
The euro prison
Pompously launched to the strains of Beethoven's Ode to Joy at the start of 1991, the euro now stands revealed as a cage to trap and impoverish the peoples of Europe.
Stop Cameron's renewed drive to war in Syria!
Yet again, any opportunity to justify an attack on Syria is cynically used by the British government. The latest case is the vile terrorist murders on the beach in Tunisia.
First they come for the unions
We have said that the main danger of fascism in Britain comes from the heart of the establishment, parliament. If you doubt this, take a look at the Trade Union Bill announced in the Queen's Speech.
After the election
After 7 May, what should workers do? We don't have the luxury of just preparing for the next election, as the Labour party is doing – though it looks like it is seeing how to lose the next election too.
Zero for us, subsidies for them
As capitalism continues its drive to reduce workers to utter penury and, worse, compliance in that drive, the number of workers on zero hours contracts has soared from 200,000 in 2010 to 1.8 million in 2015.
Politics and survival
By the time you read this, the election will probably have morphed into a grand negotiation about a coalition. This they call politics.
US backs down over Cuba
Every year workers throughout the world celebrate May Day. Forty years ago, it coincided with the liberation of South Vietnam. This year, May Day comes hot on the heels of the US's massive climbdown over Cuba – brilliant news.
Away with parliamentary illusions
The run-up to an election is a strange time. There is much talk of democracy while in reality a range of tactics is deployed to remove citizens from the electoral roll.
Ukraine - The big lie
Ukraine (desperate for a ceasefire) – Russia, Germany and France concluded a peace agreement in Minsk on 12 February. Notably, the main warmongers – the US, Britain and the EU – were absent.
Magnificent response to Paris murders
The French people have responded magnificently to the fascists who killed the workers at the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris on 7 January and in a Parisian grocery shop on 9 January.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Louise Davies RE
Painterly images using intense layers of translucent colour and overlapping shifting shapes are pulled together by calligraphic lines that define the subject matter.
This is the hallmark of Artist Louise Davies RE. Her work covers a range of techniques including painting etching and Monoprints. All of which employ the artists individual approach to colour.
Much of this work stems from her formative years in the West of England where the countryside was her place of reference.
Later moving to London the artist reminisced on the landscape by adding her own romantic notion of colour to emphasise the beauty of nature, induced by nostalgia for the past.
Suns rising and setting; Turbulent storms; calm and troubled waters, are all represented by the artist using her unique style of layering bold transparencies of colour that are all enveloping
Davies also uses drama and vibrant colour to depict London and cityscapes.
Buildings are back lit by luminescent skies that add magic and excitement to the already vibrant city.
The River Thames is set alight with neon colours that reflect the mood of the image, and yet, the addition of line adds structure to the scene giving it stability.
It is apparent in all of Davies work that her love of the environment is paramount and that her intuitive use of the media is testament to her mastery of these techniques.
Louise Davies R.E. is a fellow of the Royal Society of Painter Printmakers. Who currently resides in London with her husband and family. She has devoted the last thirty five years to her art work having trained as a painter and printmaker.
Across The Sand Dunes 25/75
By The Sea 13/75
Distant Shores A/P 4/7
Early Rising 20/75
First Snow 1/75
Hidden Bay 10/75
Mist Over The White Horse 12/75
Moonlight Over the Moors 19/75
Mountain Path LD12


SG is Simply Great with a range of core styles and consistent colours throughout. The brand's philosophy is about making life easier for customers in every way, from product choice, price, support, and service. The team has more than 100 years combined experience in the industry, which assures that every product has been designed to represent the best value for the money and most importantly has been designed with personalisation in mind.
All merchandise is produced in Okeo Tex (an independent agency for testing harmful substances) and WRAP (Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production) certified facilities, so you can be sure that your embroidered workwear, printed workwear, or embroidered polo shirts are ethically and safely made. From start to finish, you can be sure you're with a trusted brand, safe from harmful chemicals and slave labor. Feel good and look smart in their bright colours, ready to take on the town and show off your logo for every day wear, or a special promotional event.


covers a lot of ground.
names such as Cocoa, Quartz, and Carbon.
That's what we do at ADHOC.
what's on your screen while you talk.
the drive to understand how it all works.
can and do present sessions.
and not presented as a marketing vehicle.
possible at sessions@adhocconf.com if you're thinking about doing a session.
The conference will take place July 21-24, 2004, in Dearborn, Michigan.
More information is available on the Web fromhttp://www.adhocconf.com/.
includes access to the entire conference as well as a special meal package.
Total attendance is limited to 400. Student attendance is limited to 50.
More details are available on the conference website.


text:
Q: Mocking methods to throw Error phpunit PHPUnit let me make a method stub to throw an Exception, using either of:

*

*[->will($this->throwException(..)][1]

*->willThrowException(..
I need to test some cases where the method stub throws PHP Errors.
Does PHPUnit support anything like this? Any workarounds here?

A: The throwException() in PHPUnit TestCase class can take any instance of Throwable as param.
This means,
->will($this->throwException(new Error()));
->will($this->throwException(new Exception()));

are both valid

A: Just trigger an error:
$foo
    ->expects($this->once())
    ->method('bar')
    ->willReturnCallback(function () {
        trigger_error(
            'Now really is not a good time',
            E_USER_ERROR
        );
    });

For reference, see:

*

*http://php.net/manual/en/function.trigger-error.php

A: You can make a function in a test throw an exception like so:
$handlerConsentMessage = $this->getMockBuilder('YourClass')
            ->setMethods(array('yourMethod'))->getMock();

$handlerConsentMessage->method('yourMethod')->willThrowException(new Exception());

$handlerConsentMessage->run('functionToRun');

Now when you run your test function functionToRun if the function YourMethod is ever called it will throw an exception.

A: High quality code does not produce any PHP errors (notice, warning, fatal, parse errors) during normal work. If it still produces errors - you should try to detect such edge cases and throw exceptions / return different result. Then these exceptions are easily mockable in PHPUnit tests.
Other workaround, if not possible to modify tested class, - is to define error listener inside your test, see set_error_handler. The logic should be following:

*

*Tested method generates some error, for example a warning

*The warning is catch by set_error_handler inside of your test.

*Inside set_error_handler's callback you set some variable, to indicate that warning was catch. (it could be some static property, or another storage)

*In the end of test you assert that static property has certain value = it means that warning was generated.


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While America Struggles for its Soul, Biden Struggles for Relevance
The former vice president sees the ghost of Hubert Humphrey.
Democratic presidential candidate former Vice President Joe Biden. (Andrew Harnik/AP Photo)
By JOHN F. HARRIS
Altitude is a column by POLITICO founding editor John Harris, offering weekly perspective on politics in a moment of radical disruption.
There are many voices who see the violence and despair sweeping America this spring as the natural result of everything President Donald Trump stands for—of his divisive language and policies and worldview.
It is easy to miss, but embedded in these condemnations is a perverse form of praise: The critics do not doubt the efficacy of Trumpian politics. To the contrary, the condemnations assign the president an undeniable agency. There is a clear link between ideas and consequences. People excoriate Trump, and in so doing ratify his relevance.
Relevance is the quality needed most urgently now by Joseph R. Biden Jr.
This is a moment that challenges more than his limited stylistic range. The obstacles for the former vice president are more daunting than the logistics of being housebound in a pandemic. The crisis calls into question the earnest, cheerful, incremental brand of progressivism that animated Biden's career for a half-century.
The picture of American cities aflame across the continent, in response to what African Americans credibly regard as widespread police brutality and racism, is a soul-depleting return to an earlier age.
As it happens, it is an age the 77-year-old Biden knows well. He told an audience last year he decided to organize his life around politics during the violent traumas of 1968—the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy, and the racial and anti-war riots that ensued across the country that spring and summer.
Biden's own words make the year a useful prism for viewing both his present circumstances—even a few weeks ago they would have seemed beyond belief—and the broader premises on which a lifetime in politics have rested.
POLITICO Dispatch: June 2
"I am mobilizing all federal resources, civilian and military to stop the rioting and looting." A look at why President Trump skirted calls for unity amid national demonstrations over the death of George Floyd.
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Biden was 25 years old for most of 1968, working as a clerk at a Delaware law firm. Forty years would pass, all but four of them in the U.S. Senate, until Biden was tapped as running mate by Barack Obama on his way to becoming the nation's first African American president. There was an event that affirmed the essence of Biden's steady, temperate liberalism—striking evidence that the system is on the level, that history moves toward light, that people of goodwill can overcome America's original sin of racism.
Could Biden, or even Obama, possibly have imagined 12 years ago how perishable those gains would seem today? How profoundly many African Americans, and others, believe many institutions are simply not on the level and are not getting gradually better? And how, in such a climate, the voice of a divisive but omnipresent performer like Trump could make Biden seem almost inaudible in the storm?
As it happens, 1968 also offers another vivid example of a progressive but conventional politician out of step with the urgencies of the moment. Although Biden, like many Democrats of his generation, often invoked the Kennedys as a political figure, he more closely resembles another tragic leader of that time: Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey.
Humphrey that year was defending President Lyndon B. Johnson's unpopular war in Vietnam, a problem Biden thankfully does not have. But like Biden (who later served with Humphrey in the Senate before his 1978 death), the vice president was a garrulous man whose personal decency and progressive instincts were genuine and widely respected, even by Republicans. And like Biden—at least as 2020 has unfolded so far—Humphrey had trouble finding the right emotional pitch during a year of national anguish.
When he announced his candidacy in late April 1968—a few weeks after King's murder and not quite six weeks before Kennedy's—he spoke of wanting to infuse his party with a "politics of joy."
It was a line that flowed naturally from his own ebullient personality—and seemed shockingly disconnected to the country's reality. Kennedy mocked him in reply: "It is easy to say this is the politics of happiness—but if you see children starving in the Delta of Mississippi and despair on the Indian reservations, then you know that everybody in America is not satisfied."
Humphrey, who had been a leader on civil rights since the 1940s, would have regarded the problems of 2020 as at least a partial failure of his own legacy. Minneapolis—that genial, sensible, sturdy city which Humphrey once served as mayor—was the same place where Officer Derek Chauvin put his knee on George Floyd's neck and wouldn't take it off.
If changing circumstances have left Biden with trouble finding his voice, they of course also present him with new opportunities if he can find it. Here is a country simultaneously battling economic depression that, at least temporarily, evokes the 1930s and psychic depression—the result of rage disconnected from hope—that evokes the 1960s. Surely a man who has lived so much history has some lessons to offer.
The former vice president, wearing a mask and taking notes, met on Monday with African American religious leaders at the Bethel AME Church in his hometown of Wilmington, Del. It was his most extended in-person event in weeks.
He told the group that in coming weeks he would address the problems of "institutional structures" and "institutional racism" in a series of "very serious national speeches."
Well, there's something to wait for. Until then, if he wants to avoid sounding like Humphrey in 1968, Biden might do well to recall what he himself was thinking and feeling in that year of violence and fragility.
"Unless I'm mistaken," Biden told Dartmouth University students last August, "Donald Trump did for your generation what the loss of two of my heroes did for mine," he told the students, adding, "What they did was make you realize, 'My God, we're in trouble.'"
Joe Biden,
Joe Biden 2020,
Donald Trump,
Donald Trump 2020,
Hubert Humphrey,
Richard Nixon,


The rigidity of a ball screw not only has a strong impact on positioning accuracy, but also plays an important role concerning the dynamic behavior of a linear drive. The importance to the latter is normally underestimated.
Rigidity according to ISO 3408 or DIN 69051 is a value labeled Rb/t. This value is obtained from theoretical elastic deformations obtained from the theory of Hertzian pressure with the variables of track conformity, contact angle and the number of load carrying balls. Rb/t is a relatively high number.
When the deformation of the nut body (diameter widening, longitudinal expansion) is included, the value is labeled Rnu and is already significantly lower thanRb/t.
Steinmeyer publishes only Rnu,ar values in our catalog and on our website. Please be sure to compare these values only to similarly defined rigidities from other manufacturers, and also ensure that the comparison is based on the same preload value you want to use (see right column regarding the impact of preload on rigidity).
where R1 and R2 where Fpr1 and Fpr2 are the corresponding rigidities.


March 23, 2017 — "California has the most stringent air quality regulations in the nation and the state's oil producers continue to be committed to complying with these regulations. While we understand the concerns raised in regards to natural gas storage projects, we again want to point out there is an immense difference between oil and gas production and natural gas storage operations. Our total industry sector emission, which includes oil production and natural gas storage, is 4% of the state's methane emissions. Of that, less than 1% is from oil production. From the beginning of the rule development process, WSPA has emphasized the importance of ensuring that the methane regulation recognizes existing control requirements and does not unnecessarily impose duplicative requirements on operations.
In general, WSPA supports many of ARB's provisions in the rule but we'll continue to urge ARB to address remaining issues. The rule also adds control requirements that do not acknowledge the success of mature pollution control measures such as the Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) programs which have operated under local air agency authority for over 30 years. We firmly believe the strength of the existing LDAR programs is dependent upon the practices in the industry, and not the frequency of regulatory inspections.


Our goal is to make your participation in the show successful, and as easy as possible. The information and forms you need can be found by selecting the boxes below.
If you have any questions at all, call us at 800-849-0248, or email the show staff listed on the far right.


text:
Gawker.TV: The Five Best Videos Ever of the Day
Whitney Jefferson
Filed to: Clipjob
Clipjob
Michael Steele
Today at Gawker.TV, Kate Gosselin makes her Dancing debut, Neil Patrick Harris cannot take a bad photo, Anthony Bourdain visits the South of France, and GOP Chairman Michael Steele attempts to explain the "Fire Pelosi" website on The Early Show.
Kate Gosselin Does an Ironic Waltz to Billy Joel's "She's Always a Woman"
Last night's premiere of Dancing With the Stars was entertaining: Shannen Doherty cried her eyes out, Pam Anderson danced as though she was having sex, and Kate Gosselin laid it on thick as she played the pity card—hard.
HIMYM's Barney Can't Take a Bad Photo: The Tale of "The Unsinkable NPH"
Even a fan of How I Met Your Mother can get fed up listening to Lilly confront Ted Mosby about being a total Ted Mosby. If you find yourself just wanting to skip to the parts with Neil Patrick Harris, watch this!
Little Republican Tea Party Member Combines Anti-Health Care Talking Points With Musical Dreck
First of all—is this a joke? If this is a joke, then—HA! If this isn't a joke, the only explanation is the Tea Party is unveiling a hideous plot to create musically disinclined zombies to defeat health care.
First of all—is this a joke? If this is a joke, then—HA! If this isn't a joke, the only…
GOP's "Fire Pelosi" Webpage is Still Ridiculous Even After Michael Steele "Taming"
On The Early Show, GOP Chairman Michael Steele explains that the party website featuring Nancy Pelosi in front of a wall of flames and the title "Fire Pelosi" is in no way extreme, and had to be "tamed... down."
Anthony Bourdain Lives the Life in Provence, France
Tonight, Anthony Bourdain traded in bull testicles and bizarre exotic dishes for boiled vegetables and Cotes du Rhone wines, taking in the impossible beauty of Provence.


Read more "The Actuarials | Spring 2018 | Heavy Feather Review Volume 7"
She loved how Edward curried her stifles and gaskins, how he spoke sweetly, always producing a sugar cube of good news.
Read more "The Groom | Five:2:One #thesideshow | 4 November 2017"
Read more "Essay | Come March, Let's Crüe | March SHREDNESS | 1 September 2017"
Nominated for Best of the Net | Nominated for The Pushcart Prize – Her cape of color stretched and spread like dampness through neighborhood views, like the music of oboes and bagpipes.
Read more "Moi, Je Suis la Porte | Sundog Lit: Issue 12 | 30 May 2017"
So, Happy New Year from New York City to Alaska and everywhere in between and beyond. Good writing and reading to all in 2017!
Read more "Reporting | Alaska Features Fall 2016 | Part II"


opening an indoor bounce house center?
I am new to this site and to the business world as a owner been a manger for the last 9 years.I wanted to give the kids in my town something diferent to do for fun. i was wondering if any had any advise on opening a indoor bounce house center.writng the business plan,marketing,which manufacturer to buy bounce house from. I currently open up a inflatable rental business for the summer but plan on opening a center before the winter any help would be nice.


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You are here: Home / Rider News EU / Industry Welcomes Regulation
Industry Welcomes Regulation
Motorcycle Industry welcomes vote of the European Parliament on the Type Approval Regulation
ACEM calls on Commission for a swift publication of the delegated acts to ensure manufacturers sufficient lead time
The European Parliament approved today with 643 votes in favour, 16 against and 18 abstentions, the Regulation on Type Approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles.
Two years after the publication of the proposal by the European Commission, the vote approved the compromise text simplifying the calendar seeking to give manufacturers the necessary lead time to prepare for the entry into application of the regulation in a particularly difficult economic context. To allow for a first reading agreement, the new regulation still has to be formally approved by EU member states.
The regulation aims at upgrading safety and environmental requirements for 2-, 3-, and 4-wheeled vehicles of the L-category (mopeds, scooters, motorcycles, tricycles, and quadricycles) with the final goal of achieving parity with cars as regards the containment of polluting emissions by 2020. Prescriptions range from mandatory ABS for motorcycles above 125cc, to greener mopeds and motorcycles and new type-approval procedures.
According to the approved compromise, moped and light quadricycles new types will already adopt the EURO 3 emission stage in mid-2014, via comitology. The new regulation will introduce EURO 4 emission limits for motorcycles, tricycles and heavy quadricycles in 2016 for new type approvals (2017 for all vehicles) and one year later for mopeds and light quadricycles. In conjunction with the EURO 4 stage for motorcycles, ABS will become mandatory on all vehicles above 125cc. All L category vehicles are expected to meet the EURO 5 limits by 2020 for new type approvals (2021 for all vehicles).
Wim van de Camp, MEP EPP, Rapporteur for the regulation, and main supporter of the rationalisation of the proposed calendar from three to two emission stages, has urged the Commission to stick to the principle of simplification, recommending the swift conclusion of the legislative process on the main regulation text. He further underlined the need for early availability of the delegated acts, which are still under development and contain technical and administrative details, necessary for industry to develop vehicles compliant with the new regulation within the agreed dates.
Antonio Tajani, Commissioner for industry, also underlined the need for a simplification of the legislation and committed to making swift progress on the delegated acts.
ACEM, the Association representing the Motorcycle Manufacturers in Europe, welcomes the outcome of the vote, as early visibility on upcoming requirements is fundamental.
ACEM furthermore appreciates that the Rapporteur highlighted the importance of a comprehensive environmental study, being carried out by the Commission by 2016, considering the appropriateness of the Euro 5 stage.
For a comprehensive and fair evaluation, not only the share of pollutants contributed by L-category vehicles must be part of this assessment, but also other aspects, such as technical feasibility, lead-time, and overall cost efficiency.
These principles were underlined again recently by the CARS21 process, as being fundamental to long term competitiveness of the European automotive industry which includes the motorcycle sector.
Jacques Compagne, ACEM Secretary General: "I'd like to thank Mr van de Camp and all the shadow rapporteurs for their efforts in delving into such complex technical issues and reaching a compromise with the European Council.
Motorcycle Manufacturers now call on the European Commission for a quick progression of the delegated acts, in close consultation and cooperation with stakeholders, so that all necessary measures can be implemented in order to start production planning of vehicles complying with the new type approval rules. Complex technical issues such as environmental propulsion performance, vehicle functional safety, vehicle construction, as well as administrative requirements still need to be tackled before manufacturers can actually apply the regulation"
Original Source – ACEM – Click Here
About ACEM
ACEM, the Motorcycle Industry in Europe, is the professional body representing the interests and combined skills of 13 powered two wheelers (PTWs) manufacturers producing more than 30 brands, and 15 national associations out of 13 European countries, employing over 150.000 people.
The aggregated turnover of the PTW sector (manufacturing, plus upstream and downstream activities) amounted to Euro 34 billion in 2008. Manufacturers alone account for Euro 7 billion.
The members of ACEM account for 90% of the production and up to 80% of the European powered two-wheeler market. ACEM also represents main manufacturers of tricycles and quadricycles.
Read and comment on Right To Ride EU – Click Here
Filed Under: Rider News EU Tagged With: Europe


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Home » News & Events » HUC-JIR/New York Ordination Address by Cantor Angela Warnick Buchdahl, Senior Cantor, Central Synagogue, New York
HUC-JIR/New York Ordination Address by Cantor Angela Warnick Buchdahl, Senior Cantor, Central Synagogue, New York
Cantor Angela Warnick Buchdahl, Senior Cantor, Central Synagogue, NY, served as the Ordination Speaker at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion/New York Ordination on Sunday, May 6, 2012, at Congregation Emanu-El of the City of New York.
The text of her address is below. Click here to watch her Ordination address. Click here for further information on HUC-JIR/New York Ordination and Graduation.
A song to capture the spirit of this day:
Azamra! I will sing out with all of my strength! Ahallel'la! I will praise!
SING: Azamra Elohai B'odi (Benjie Ellen Schiller)
A-hallel'la, A-hallel'la
Azamra Elohai B'odi
Halleluya!
40 years ago our world changed. Sally Priesand walked to the pulpit, HUC President Alfred Gottschalk rested his hands onto her shoulders, whispered the timeless words which you ordinees will hear today, and the newly announced Rabbi Priesand the first woman ordained as a rabbi, ventured forth, carrying with her the potency and the possibility of Ordination. Jewish life has never been the same and it is this moment's backdrop.
Today we are on the brink of another frontier—the ordination of this generation's newest rabbis and, for the first time, the ordination of our cantors as well. Ahallela! I will Praise! Some would say today is a day of history. But as a Jew, I'd pronounce this is a day of memorybecause we Jews are a people of memory. We're not so much about history. In fact,you,who have studied our texts closely know there is no Biblical Hebrew word for history. The best we can do in modern Hebrew is historia, obviously not indigenous to the Hebrew language. When the Bible references the past, it uses the word z'chira, from zachor, a Remembrance. Remembrances need us—we have to actively remember them! Unlike history, which is written down in books that bear testament to its occurrence, in the Jewish view of the past, it's as if the event doesn't exist if we don't remember it.
When Jews remember, as we do annually when we re-live our Exodus from Egypt on Passover, we taste again the very bitterness of our slavery. When Jews remember,as we do each week when we stand at Sinai and read from the Torah, we touch the scroll,entrusted to us from that first revelation. When Jews remember, as we will do in this sacred moment of Ordination, we are not just recalling historic events of the past, we are in fact re-living an experience that is both ancient and immediate. When hands are laid upon these deserving rabbis and cantors we mystically feel the laying of hands of that first ordination from Moses to Joshua.
They say: "You can't change history." But here's the radical thing—you can change memory. In every generation, as we remember anew—we actually re-form Jewish memory itself! We come out of a new Egypt, we change the faces of those who stood at Sinai, we add new leaders who received authority from the very hands of Moses. Unlike history, which is concerned with precise timelines and empirical facts, Jewish memory is imaginative, selective and even pliable. It is concerned not a wit with chronology.
There is a teaching that confirms this fundamentally fluid nature of Jewish memory:
Ain Mukdam um'euchar batorah—there is no before or after, no chronology, in the Torah. Biblical personalities and Jewish ideas can float from one century to another and back again seamlessly. A famous episode of this time-travel comes in the Talmud, when Moses sees God affixing decorative crowns to the letters on the Torah and he asks God what they are for? God responds that these crowns represent interpretations of Torah yet to be. Moses is disturbed and demands to see this for himself. God allows Moses to time-travel from Sinai to visit the Bet Midrash of Rabbi Akiva. Moses sits in the back of the classroom, where he is absolutely lost, and he cannot follow Akiva's teachings. This could have been a moment of complete rupture in Jewish memory and continuity—with Moshe Rabbeinu not even recognizing his own Torah!
But when Moses hears Rabbi Akiva credit his new teaching to none other than Moses, he realizes that God intended and even prophesied that Torah would be creatively understood in this way—that these very interpretations were inked by the Holy One of Blessing! In those crowns, God asserted that every interpretation of Torah that is, was and will yet be, all were encompassed in the revelation at Sinai!
You who have been studying these letters, interpreting the words and decorating the text with your own understanding, who have spent hours and hours seated in the classroom of remarkable teachers and peers, you are about to contribute to the Jewish people as rabbis and cantors, your own crown of Torah. You will become memory makers.
This day'scantorial ordination carries the special weight of changing Jewish memory. Rabbi David Ellenson, we are indebted to you, for the integrity, thoughtfulness and vision of this decision. You have given authenticity and validation to our aspirations as Jewish leaders, and we can only imagine how this partnership of rabbis and cantors, which now extends back to Sinai, will alter the way rabbis and cantors collaborate and lead in the future. Only time will reveal the profound impact of this decision.
For since 1972, the 40 years of Rabbi Priesand's ordination, we know that her ordination advanced a revolution in Jewish life. My generation grew up in a world in which we saw women lead from the bimah, we heard women's interpretations of Jewish law, we study from a Women's torah commentary written entirely by women rabbis and scholars. Many of my female rabbinic colleagues have their story of a young student who asks her,
'Can boys be rabbis too?' Now when we recall standing at Sinai, we remember the faces of women—who alongside the men—lead, and reveal the Torah to the Jewish people.
Forty years in our collective Jewish memory of almost 4000 years is but a blink of the eye, but for the individual Jew, 40 years is a lifetime. We know this from our most famous forty years as a Jewish people-- wandering in the desert! God imposed this fate on us because God knew the generation redeemed from slavery in Egypt just couldn't shed their narrow, enslaved mindset. So God made us wander for forty years, so that generation would die off and a new one could emerge.
God knew that it takes 40 years to change the memory of an entire people.
Forty years ago, in 1972, only one month after Sally Priesand was ordained, across the world in South Korea, I was born, to a Jewish father and a Korean Buddhist mother. At the time, I obviously had no idea that the ordination of the first female rabbi, a month before, would have such a profound impact on the shape of my life. For those early years in Korea, I had no Jewish memory to speak of.
My Jewish life began at age five when we moved into the close-knit Jewish community of Tacoma, Washington, with a wonderful rabbi, Richard Rosenthal of blessed memory. He was the classic picture of a rabbi: full beard, wise and kind eyes, and authentic German-Reform lineage. He fully embraced me and my family when I moved to Tacoma, as did our community. But I always felt a little outside of it, in large part because of the way I looked. People thought it was amusing to say, "That's funny, you don't look Jewish." I laughed…sometimes. But on the inside, I felt inauthentic. Growing up, I never saw anyone who looked like me in the Jewish community. I never saw pictures on the walls of my synagogue or in my Jewish books that represented anyone who looked different from the Ashkenazi mainstream.
Our collective Jewish memory, 40 years since my birth in Korea, has changed in my lifetime. A personal story brought this home for me: A few years ago, Brendon, my Confirmation student from Westchester Reform Temple came to visit me, after graduating from the University of Pennsylvania. He told me, "A group of students were all going home for Passover my Junior year, and on the train to NY, I was sitting across from this Korean woman. The 2 of us started talking and I asked her if she was also going home for Passover. She started laughing hysterically, and said, 'What? Passover? Do I look Jewish to you?' I just shrugged my shoulders." Brendon continued, "I didn't know why she thought it was so funny, she looked just like you, Cantor Buchdahl!"
Rabbi Rosenthal, learned and wise, was the only rabbi I knew until I went to UAHC Camp Swig at age 14, where my Jewish world was greatly expanded. New rabbinic faces, new learning and new rhythms of Jewish time. I was especially stirred by the raucous song sessions and the informal services, which were radically different sounding from home—with my musically-challenged Rabbi and the hired non-Jewish choir of my Tacoma synagogue. What I remember most about those services from home was how the choir ended so many prayers with a 3-part Amen that seemed to come from on high:
CHOIR SINGS: Amen, Amen, A-a-a-a-a-amen! (Weinberg)
It was the epitome of the Classical Reform style: formal, beautiful, harmonious. When I heard this Amen, I imagined this was the way the angels on high sealed up our prayers to God. And I instructed my little sister to sing those Amens with me at the end of our own bedtime Shema. It didn't have quite the same majesty.
Thanks to a guitar playing song leader named Ruthie who moved to Tacoma, and thanks to the music that wafted through the redwoods of the Santa Cruz Mountains of Camp Swig, the souls of my generation were animated by a new song—a song I couldn't stop singing, in my bedroom, the car, they playground swings, wherever I could:
SING: Sing Unto God. (Debbie Friedman)
Wow. Suddenly my language for praying to God could encompass the spectrum from "A-a-a-a-a-amen" to "BLESS GOD'S NAME! Oh sing Unto Our God a Song of Prayer!" This particular song just filled me up, and gave me a language to feel I belonged in the Jewish community. Suddenly it didn't matter that I didn't look like all the other Jews—I had a voice. A voice given to me, given to so many of us,by a Jewish songwriter named Debbie Friedman. But not everyone found comfort with her music back then, especially among my cantorial colleagues who found Debbie's music threatening to the historical canon of "authentic" Jewish music. Here was this insurgent—a woman with no formal musical background, who couldn't read notes, and lacked any cantorial training, who was changing Jewish musical memory!
I remember on a trip to Israel over a decade ago, being in Sfat at the end of Shabbat and I saw a group of black hat Jewish men, dancing in a circle preparing for Havdalah. They were singing a very spirited niggun, and then I recognized it:
SING: Debbie's Havdalah niggun with Hasidic accenting. (Yai Bai Biddy biddy Bai Bai)
I couldn't believe it! She had entered the canon! If those men only knew that the niggun they were singing was written by a feminist, lesbian, Reform Jewish woman, they would have plotzed!
"Sing Unto God," Debbie's first album, was released in—you know where this is going—in 1972, 40 years ago! A very big year for me. 40 years after Debbie releases her music to the public—the time it takes for a people to transform their worldview—her music has become essentially MiSinai. And our School of Sacred Music—a safe-keeper of our musical tradition—now bears Debbie Friedman's name. Even maasu habonimhaitah leRosh Pinah: "The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone," (Psalms 118:23).
This class is the first cantorial class to graduate from the officially re-dedicated Debbie Friedman School of Sacred Music. But as Jewish memory works, ein mukdam umeuchar, every cantor who has ever graduated from this school, even those who graduated long ago, will now be associated with Debbie and her legacy.
In only forty years, the assumptions, the connections, the Jewish memory of an entire people can be transformed.
But you don't have to wait 40 years to start reforming memory, because change is happening much faster than that. The hot topics in our Jewish community today were not remotely on the radar screen when I left HUC a little over a decade ago: Who knew as a Jewish people we would be fighting for the hearts and loyalties of Jews in defending the State of Israel? Who knew that a significant agenda item in synagogues today would be greening practices and Community Supported Agriculture? Who knew that community organizing, long the purview of black churches and evangelical Christians would transform the way we do business in synagogues? Who knew that during High Holy Services at Central Synagogue last fall, tens of thousands of viewers would join our worship through live streaming—surpassing the number of Jews in the pews?
I imagine that Moses, and Rabbi Akiva, if they were to time travel to 2012, would look at Jewish life today and be mystified at the changes. It would in some ways be as unrecognizable to Rabbi Akiva, as his teachings were to Moses in that bet midrash.
And yet, I think they would be smiling at the vitality of Jewish life and the innovations in our time. Jewish memory was never meant to be frozen or finished. Jews don't live in history. We live in Memory—in remembrances that are authentically rooted in tradition, but in each generation, evoked in new ways. If we want Judaism to be essential today and tomorrow, we must continue to transform it.
This is our task, as rabbis and cantors. And this is your generation to shape—what impact do you want to make? How will you bring our ancient texts to life—give memory a taste and a touch and a feel? How will you revision our congregations to challenge and to comfort, to make meaning? To matter. What crowns will you add to our Torah?
When you stand on this bima today, and Rabbi David Ellenson lays his hands on you, remember that you are not only ordained, you are entrusted. To make memory. In this memory lies our Jewish future. It is an enormous, exhilarating responsibility you take on.
What is at stake is nothing less than the vitality, originality and lifeblood of the synagogues and the Jewish communities you'll serve. I have no doubt that you, the rabbis and cantors of the class of 2012/5772, will move us, teach us, challenge and connect us.
You are the Face of Our Future. The Promise of a People.
Make us remember anew.
SING: Taking Your Place (with choir down from loft)
Lyrics by Abby Pogrebin (w/slight adaptations for Ordination), Music by Tom Kitt
Taking your place in an enduring line. This is the day that you stood up to say, "Our tradition is mine." You're a teacher of Torah. It's been passed onto you. It's our law and our story–But each telling is new.
CHORUS: It is said we stood at Sinai And today, you know you're there. You're the promise of a people, a blessing and a prayer.
Taking your place, in a resilient line, this is the day that you stood up to say, "Our tradition is mine." You're a maker of memory, forging links with the past. You're the face of our future, and the reason we last.
Lalechet bidrachav v'lishmor mitzvotav kol hayamim.May you walk in God's ways and may all of your days be blessings. To CHORUS
With deep gratitude to Rabbi Elka Abrahamson, Abby Pogrebin, and Rabbi Peter Rubinstein for reading, and for their enormously insightful feedback. And my debt to Yehuda Kurtzer's new book, Shuva: the Future of the Jewish Past, for his brilliant take on Jewish Memory.


EMERGING front-man, Aaron Williams, has joined Romulus on a one-month loan deal.
The first-year professional has made a handful of first-team appearances off the substitutes' bench this term and joins the Evo-Stik Northern Premier League Division One South outfit in a bid to get regular competitive action under his belt.
He played the full 90 minutes in Romulus' 1-1 draw with Sutton Coldfield Town on Tuesday.


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CINESPORTS
First Trailer For ESPN's 'Rodman: For Better Or Worse' Documentary
Dennis Rodman is one of those basketball players that everyone knows, although not necessarily for his skills on the court.
The thing is, because of his flashy acting, we sometimes forget that Rodman (born in New Jersey in 1961) was simply one of the best players in the world throughout the 1980s and much of the 1990s. In fact, he was especially good at catching rebounds, something that no basketball fan discovered.
And although there's already other documentaries about his life and even a biopic, we knew that something was missing. And that something was the definitive audiovisual piece that helped us to form the puzzle of his life, going into striking details such as painting his hair or dressing as a bride, but delving into the why's. And for that you had to do major background research.
Luckily "Rodman: For Better Or Worse" is just that. Making a complex portrait of the person and the character, the documentary delves into the roots of the human being and discovers someone extremely sensitive and with a hard past that often does not know how to deal with their demons.
Between the call for attention in search of affection, the difficulty of self-control and the belief that you must be a good person.
So between magnificent archive images, recreations for the most intimate scenes and the voice of Jamie Foxx as narrator, we discovered a serious and wonderful documentary film to discover a rich and complex character of whom we only knew from on the court.
The documentary is made by ESPN and premieres September 10, 9pm ET on ESPN.
Photo: ESPN / Youtube
ESPN Drops First Trailer For Michael Jordan Docu-Series
by Rubén P April 3, 2020


Manufacturer that produces automatons for the consumer and small business oriented markets.
Their automatons are often made of wood and often only include a humanoid torso, as opposed to being fully humanoid-shaped.. They are spring-powered and clockwork, in contrast to their competitor's use of boilers.
It was founded in 1984 by business tycoon, Philomena Thurgood. It was the first major competitor to Buford Automaton in any part of the humanoid automaton market on Araz.


It's big news in the U.S. that Fidel Castro has declined to accept election when Cuba's Parliament meets this Sunday to select the country's Ministers–it's the headline story in every form of media, along with more than the usual background and opinion pieces.
But it's the media brouhaha itself that's the real big news, for the actual top story is that there's almost no news here at all.
Look: despite half a century of U.S. portraying Fidel as the Western Hemisphere's Stalin and the Cuban people as both suffering and ready to explosively grasp freedom the moment his totalitarian grip slips there are no demonstrations, let alone riots, in Cuba today.
Nor are there any prospects of them.
Nor was there any form of unrest or disruptions of daily life when Fidel first handed over his posts to a team of seven leaders after falling ill at the end of July 2006.
Indeed Cuba just completed an immense and thorough-going Parliamentary election process where some 96% of the electorate (voting age begins at 16) cast secret ballots–and 92% of them chose the united slate put together by union, women's, youth, small farmers' and other popular organizations (the Communist Party cannot field candidates).
This puts the percentage opposing what Washington calls the 'Castro regime' read the Cuban Revolution at 10% under the most liberal possible interpretation.
With the vast majority of Cubans solidly backing their revolution and government, the effect of Fidel's reassignment to regular columnist for Juventud Rebelde (the newspaper 'Rebel Youth') goes little beyond ache at the tragedy of human aging, especially of the world's greatest leading political figure -one so popular that he's almost universally and uniquely referred to by his first name.
Without Fidel, is the Cuban Revolution about to collapse? What are the chances that Cuba's about to go down either the Soviet, Yugoslav, or Chinese roads?
The old phrase "slim to none" is a too generous an answer.
What about U.S. policy toward Cuba? Without Fidel  and, for that matter, without Bush  what are the chances that will change?
Call that one slimmer and none-er.
This is a central and inescapable fact that all those favoring restoration of travel rights to Cuba and normalization of relations need to grasp. Washington is no more about to recognize Cuba's government and allow its citizens to travel there with Fidel out any more than it did after Cuba met all of Washington's previous demands: that the island end its special relationship with the Soviet Union, that it remove troops from Africa, that it halt support for rebel movements in Central America, that it sign on to international anti- terrorist and nuclear proliferation treaties, that it deploy forces to halt drug trafficking in its waters, or that etc, etc, etc.
When it comes to U.S. demands on Cuba, one thing is certain: the goal posts always move.
Cuba's free and universal healthcare? Its free education through college and beyond? Rent-free home ownership? Guaranteed foreclosure-free farm land? Twenty-eight thousand ((28,000) volunteer doctors providing free medical care in 67 countries?
All that has to go.
Property relations must be restored to their pre-January 1, 1959 condition.
Unfortunately for Washington, as the most recent events and the past 50 years  have clearly demonstrated, the chances of that happening goes all the way to slimmererer and none-erer.
And it's that 'no news' that's the big news.


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New Labour
Here we are with the world teetering on the edge of economic depression and having to spend trillions sorting out the mess caused by banks and what does the Labour government come up with - the part privatisation of the Royal Mail! It just demonstrates how market thinking has captured the very soul of the Labour Party, even at a time when the free market is causing havoc they still cannot see any alternative to privatisation. One wonders just what it will take for Labour to kick their free market addiction.
But this might be just one privatisation too far, people are increasingly repulsed by the greed and inequality created by market forces and they are in no mood to support the privatisation of the Royal Mail. Even politicians are waking up to this fact. A recent report from a select committee chaired by Tory MP Peter Luff positively savages Labour plans for the Royal Mail.. The report challenges Labour's plans to separate the Post Office from Royal Mail Group. It queries why the much needed cash injection has to come from a sell-off and argues that neither the Hooper report into the Royal Mail nor the government has made a real case for privatisation.
When select committees start to oppose privatisation it is a sure sign that Labour is in trouble. But the danger is that union leaders will launch one of their pathetic, costly campaigns, aimed at winning over the general public and Labour MPs. You can almost hear them explaining just how many MPs are opposing privatisation. But Labour MPs bitterly oppose things right up to the eve of the vote in Parliament, when suddenly they change their minds and accept the first shoddy compromise put forward and use it as an excuse to vote with the government.
There is no need for expensive campaigns to convince the public - they are already opposed to the sell off. What is needed now is action as the means of galvanising popular discontent against the government. The last years has witnessed a sea change in people's thinking, they are sick and disgusted with all things free market, a strike against the sell off will focus all that popular anger and not only frighten this government to death, but also the future Tory government. This is a victory there for the taking, postal workers should use their collective strength to force a total and humiliating climb down by this shower of a government.


This is a PT® Brand Hand operated oiler that will fit a 300, 535, 600 and 700 threading machine.
Complete with oil dispensing gun, hose and fittings.
All parts interchangeable with 418 Oiler.
The PT 418 Oiler gun is a great alternative to over-priced name brand oiler pumps. Dispenses more cutting oiler per pump than any other brand. Satisfaction is guaranteed. 1 Year warranty on all parts.
We just received the replacement oiler for ur Rigid oil bucket, compared to the cost of the Rigid part this is quite a good value, very pleased with construction and function.
This head is twice as comfortable as the original equipment. Easy to install. I had it changed out in 2 minutes. The only thing I didn't like about was the hose. Seemed cheap as hell! So I installed the new head on my old hose! Other than that it seems like a great replacement part!
I am disappointed that we could not order a rebuild kit, instead had to buy the whole gun11 however you offered it much cheaper than the plumbing wholesale house!!!
Purchased this part. It will get used a lot. I will report back on how it holds up.


The continuous formulation of good practices and procedures across fields reflects the importance of the recognition and maintenance of "quality" for nearly every profession. The widespread introduction of point-of-care testing, centralization of activities in large core laboratories, and the increase in number and complexity of diagnostic testing worldwide has driven changes in the organization of laboratory diagnostics over the past decades. As such, laboratory diagnostics, continuously catching up to updated techniques and complex procedures, need to stay vigilant about safety and good practices adjustments.
Professional education at the graduate and postgraduate levels Laboratory diagnostics substantially contributes to clinical decision making by providing valuable information for the screening, diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and follow-up of most—if not all—human disorders. Providing general insights into the quality assurance aspects of pathology and laboratory medicine, this book aids in improving laboratory work and, at the same time, shows the possibilities and limits of all logistic and legal tools related to quality issues.


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Home / Agriculture / Food / Price of Bread set to rise as bakers lament
Price of Bread set to rise as bakers lament
VAM News Agency 6:19 AM Agriculture, Food
Two bakers' union, the Premium Bread Makers Association of Nigeria (PBAN) and the Association of Master Bakers & Caterers of Nigeria (AMBCN) have lamented the high cost of purchasing baking ingredients in Nigeria.
The group, in a press conference held in Lagos, called on the federal government to look into the increase in the prices of the essential material, describing it as a "near wipeout of the bread-making industry in Nigeria."
The president of PBAN, Tosan Jemide, while addressing journalists at the press conference on Thursday, said that the bread-making industry has employed millions of Nigerians directly or indirectly, making it a key employer of labour in the country.
Mr Jemide noted that bread has become an important staple food in most Nigerian households, regardless of social standing and hindrance to its production could affect the country's economy adversely.
"Although we have been experiencing difficulties for a while, the period between March 2020 and August 2020, the price of flour which is our major ingredient has increased from N10,500 per 50kg bag to N13,500 per bag. Sugar increased from N13,500 per bag, went as high as N29,000 and down to N19,000 per bag in the corresponding period.
"Margarine, from N5,800 is almost N11,000. A 25 litre can of Vegetable oil which was about N13,000 thousand now sells for N16,000 while Milk which was hitherto N29,000, now goes for N52,000. Preservative (Calcium Propionate) increased from N25,000 to N34,500, with the possibility of further price increases not ruled out," he said.
Mr Jemide added that the members of the association have been putting up with the price hike in the past six months without a corresponding increase in the prices of bread. He, however, said the bakers could no longer continue to subsidise the rates of bread, as their profits have been totally wiped out.
He said, "Most of us got loans with double-digit interest rates from banks and other financial institutions to fund our bakery projects and are finding it extremely difficult to meet our loan repayment obligations. Both Associations shall henceforth be responding correspondingly to any indiscriminate price increases by millers, sugar refiners, and ingredient manufacturers and suppliers with the same measure in the prices of bread."
Mr Jemide also kicked strongly against the decision of the flour millers, sugar refiners, and baking ingredient manufacturers to increase the prices of their products without due consultations with the stakeholders in the baking industry.
Price of Bread set to rise as bakers lament Reviewed by VAM News Agency on 6:19 AM Rating: 5


A parcel next to Greenway Station, a 51-acre outdoor lifestyle retail center in Middleton, Wisconsin, sat undeveloped for nearly 10 years due to a plummeting real estate market. A local development firm saw an opportunity to transform the property into market-rate residential living and turned to Husch Blackwell to structure, manage and close the $15.7 million deal.
Our work included securing project approvals, structuring the project as a commercial condominium, resolving title issues and assisting with multiple rounds of financing, including construction and tax increment financing (TIF).


Having a baby is an important and life changing event in every family. If for one reason or another you decided to give birth in France, you should know how the French healthcare system works and what services are available for you and your new-born child.
Whether you took a test that came out positively, or you need confirmation from a specialist, it is necessary to go to a doctor. Once the result is 100% positive, the doctor will discuss your family history, and will take a blood test to identify any possible risk of diseases to the baby. The next step is that the doctor will transfer you, or you can choose a gynecologist that will be with you during the pregnancy. In addition, he can also help you choose a lying-in hospital. After your first antenatal examination, a document declaring your pregnancy in France will be given to you. This document is necessary to claim health insurance for childbirth in France and social security coverage for parents. You are entitled to receive payment from insurance institutions. For more details check out cpam93. After the first 6 months of pregnancy, all costs are covered. However, you will receive a maternity record book that will contain the details and record of each examination.
You should first know that if you choose a privately run clinic, the costs might not be covered by the insurance. However, in a state run hospital, all the costs, including eventual examinations of the baby, prenatal tests or anesthetizes are fully covered. A midwife will be with you the whole delivery period. The doctor and the midwife will make a fully evaluation and will inform you upon any potential complications. The midwife will also visit you home during your recovery if you leave the hospital after 5 days. In addition, a pediatrician will consult your baby before leaving the hospital. The registration of birth is necessary and should be made within 3 working days of the birth. The registration is usually made by the father, but can also be made by a doctor, or entitled staff that was present during the delivery.
You will be given a health record book by your doctor after the delivery. It is necessary to take the book at any of your baby's consultation, as it will store the medical record. The baby will receive examinations within the first 8 days of his life, and then regularly for one year. The examinations will continue up to the age of 6. There are many postnatal benefits for mothers and babies, so ask your doctor or midwifes about more pieces of information.
One more important thing to know for parents is that the baby will receive automatically French citizenship as long as one of the parents is French. If none of the parents has French nationality, the child will receive French citizenship at the age of 18 and this if he is a resident in this country.


Franz Josef Glacier is located on the West Coast of of the South Island in New Zealand. We have compiled various different travel options to suit all types of travellers including options to guarantee a wonderful scenic trip.
Find below a few handy tips for travelling to Te Waonui Forest Retreat.
Take the TranzAlpine train from Christchurch through to Greymouth then take the connecting InterCity bus from Greymouth to Franz Josef Glacier. Check with providers for travel time.


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The following lists events that happened during 1987 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Incumbents

Events
 28 March – A large rally is held in Luxembourg City to protest pension disparity, leading to the founding on 12 May of the Action Committee 5/6 Pensions for Everyone.
 9 May – Representing Luxembourg, Plastic Bertrand finishes third in the Eurovision Song Contest 1987 with the song Amour Amour.
 27 May – Prince Jean marries Helene Vestur.

Births
 24 April – Anne Bourg, footballer

Deaths
 12 February – Raymond Vouel, politician
 October – Ketty Thull, writer

References

Years of the 20th century in Luxembourg
Luxembourg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia