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EARLY FILES
Compiled by Jack Sheedy
The School Committee of this town have prescribed the following list of books for use in our Schools, viz.: Swan's Spellers, Swan's and Russell's Readers, Greenleaf's Arithmetic, Greene's Grammars, Mitchell's Geographies, Cutter's Physiology.
Thanksgiving Ball: The friends of dance and song will be gratified to learn that a series of Cotillions will be commenced in Hyannis on Thanksgiving evening … The best of music and most attractive company will make each of these gatherings worth the patronage and enjoyment of all; and all who are interested are cordially invited to attend. It is confidently expected by those having charge of the arrangements that the present series of cotillions will be the most attractive of any ever enjoyed by the sons and daughters of the Cape – that they will constitute a list of dances, once a fortnight, for several months, and give light and brilliancy and joy to winter life on the Cape.
An Old Landmark Disappeared: The building in this village (Barnstable) known as the "Old Post Office" recently occupied by Mr. Seabury as a "tin shop," has been purchased by Mr. William Dixon and removed from the premises.
Barnstable Jottings: The Thanksgiving festival brought home to our quiet town several of Barnstable's sons and daughters who have gone out from her to more active spheres of labor than are offered here at home.
Hyannis: Business School Notes – Some very creditable work is being done in the shorthand and book-keeping departments and the students are now preparing for their second examination in shorthand, which takes place Wednesday next.
West Barnstable: A girls' club, called the W. W. club has recently been organized under the direction of Mrs. Henry S. Smith, at whose home they meet every Friday evening. While the words for which the initials stand have not been divulged, those who noticed the young ladies at the church on Monday evening think that "Willing Workers" would not be inappropriate. (Note: Although there are several mentions in the Barnstable Patriot of the club meeting into at least Sept 1921, the identity of the acronym appears to remain a mystery.)
Milk Men Meet: Have Social Dinner and Discuss By-Laws at Hyannis Tuesday Evening – Marking the third meeting of the Cape Cod Milk Dealers association some 12 members had a pleasant social dinner at the Hyannis Inn, Monday evening in spite of the downpour. The organization is a new one but is full of promise to those organizing it.
First Snowfall Melts Rapidly: Cape Cod, like the rest of New England, woke up Wednesday morning (Nov 27) to find itself under a two-inch blanket of snow and anticipated a possible white Thanksgiving, but a sharp rise in the temperature brought rain which before noon had dissipated the snow. The snow storm which began during the night was the first of the season and in some sections of the Cape brought out snow plows, but the fall here was perhaps the lightest of any in the state. Reports from other districts had the snowfall as much as 8 and 10 inches.
Local Savers Receive Christmas Funds of Almost $162,000: Christmas Club checks are being distributed to members by the banks of this area, in common with banks all over the country. The Hyannis Trust Company is mailing checks today, totaling $71,576 to 1,056 Christmas Club members. These figures mean an increase of $9,526 and about 50 members over those of 1949. The Barnstable County National Bank is paying its approximately 375 Christmas Club depositors $26,100 … The combined amount from these four banks (including Bass River Savings Bank and First National Bank of Yarmouth) is $161,959.75 and represents an increase of $18,700.20 over last year's total. (Note: Based on the figures provided in the article – of total dollars and total number of members at the four local banks – it equates to an average balance of just less than $71 per Christmas Club member.)
Increasing interest in conservation measures for Cape Cod is reflected in plans for a panel discussion to be held at the Osterville Elementary School Tuesday, Nov. 29, at 7:30 p.m. This meeting, sponsored by the Osterville Garden Club in cooperation with the Town of Barnstable Conservation Commission, will provide an opportunity for the public to hear and question four guest speakers who are experts in various phases of conservation. (Note: The article mentioned that it was believed "wide participation" and interest in this subject was based on "Growing concern over the inevitable increased pressures of a Cape Cod 'summer White House.'" This "summer White House" reference was as a result of the 1960 presidential election held just two weeks earlier which saw John F. Kennedy chosen to become the 35th president of the United States.)
Santa's Coming: Santa will be winging into Hyannis come Sunday, Nov. 29, along with marching bands, floats and story book animals to delight the young and young in heart. The parade starts at 2:00 at the East End of Hyannis, then marches down Main Street to the West End. This year's parade promises to be bigger and better than ever and there's candy for the kiddies and fun for all.
Rep. Tom Lynch's office has announced the awarding of two state grants by the Council on the Arts and Humanities to Sandwich Historical Society and Cape Cod Community College. Historic Conservation awards of $450 and $487.50 were given to the society for preservation of an early map of Cape Cod and to the college for restoration of several maps, books, and volumes of shipping records respectively. The state grants are awarded to organizations and projects dealing with preservation of our history. Lynch noted, "Since many people come to Cape Cod every year to seek out our native history, we feel that helping to save our past is an investment in our future."
The First Baptist Church of Hyannis will hold its annual Christmas fair, Victorian Lace, Saturday, Dec. 1, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. in the church hall. In addition to sale items offered, a luncheon will be served from 11:30 to 1:30. Youngsters can shop in the Children's Room as well as enjoying whimsical face painting.


Home Education Eden Capital Acquires Tour De Force Inc.
NEW YORK, October 11, 2018 – Eden Capital ("Eden") announced today that it has acquired Tour de Force Inc. ("Tour de Force"), a growing provider of customer relationship management, sales force automation, business intelligence and business process optimization software solutions designed to help business-to-business sales organizations improve processes, from sales to support. Tour de Force will join Eden's growing sales force automation platform, Compass Sales Solutions ("Compass"). Compass is a leading sales force automation provider for the office technology industry. Eden is a private equity firm focused on investments in sectors including software and business services.
Perkins Coie LLP served as legal advisor to Eden. Elm Park Capital provided debt financing for the transaction.
Tour de Force Inc. is a privately-held CRM software company operating in Findlay, OH. The primary product, Tour de Force, is a CRM which primarily began in the wholesale distribution space. The company emerged from the wholesale electrical distribution business through an effort to create a sustainable, competitive advantage and ultimately Tour de Force became a company in its own right in 2001, and has essentially remained focused in the space from which it emerged.
Since 2001, Compass Sales Solutions has been the leading sales force automation provider for the office technology industry. Compass Sherpa provides a comprehensive suite that automates all disparate sales processes and allows sales professionals to utilize one tool to completely manage the sales process including prospect/client identification, Outlook integration, product configuration, proposal generation, MPS analysis and mapping, ERP integration, and mobile access via smartphones and tablets. Compass Sherpa will be the tool your team will want to use, not have to use.
Eden Capital is a sector-focused private equity firm backing leading management teams in business services, healthcare services, and education & training companies.
We partner with management teams, owners, founders, and industry experts to invest in small and medium sized companies featuring proven, scalable business models, a profitable operating history and a sustainable competitive advantage.
Eden Capital's sector focus provides our firm with an important and expansive knowledge base, key resources, and industry and sector leaders. Together these qualities give sellers certainty of close, experienced management teams and a strong partner to grow their business.
Eden Capital employs a flexible and innovative approach, investing through control, majority or substantial minority positions. The firm targets equity investments of $5-50 million from its dedicated fund along with invited co-investors. For more information, visit our website at www.edencp.com.


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Spencer Freeman trial: Court is is told of tears
THE mum of alleged killer Aaron Hayes said her son arrived home in tears on the night of the incident, saying he hoped he hadn't hurt anybody.
Andrew Pain
Michelle Hayes told Teesside Crown Court she was woken up in the early hours of Sunday, April 10, by the sound of her son crying.
The 20-year-old confessed to her that he had been involved in a punch-up with Spencer Freeman, who later died from head injuries.
Hayes, of Topcliffe Road, Thornaby, denies the manslaughter of 42-year-old Mr Freeman, claiming he acted in self-defence.
Mum-of-six Mrs Hayes said she had given her son £100 on the morning of Saturday, April 9, so he could go and watch Boro play away at Sheffield United.
She told the court she next saw him at around 9.30pm when she gave him another £40 to go out with.
The jury heard that he ended the evening in the Grenadier where it was said a friend of his worked.
It was shortly after midnight when the fracas occurred outside the pub, on Trimdon Avenue, Acklam, which led to the death of dad-of-two Mr Freeman.
Mrs Hayes told the jury her son was no longer allowed a key to the door as he kept losing them, so he always knocked when returning from a night out, as he did on the night in question.
She said when she saw her son he had blood around the mouth.
"His dad had answered the door," said Mrs Hayes. "He was telling his dad about some fight. I got out of bed and came downstairs. He was saying he hopes he hasn't hurt anybody.
"I asked him what was going on. He had blood round his mouth. I got upset. I took him out into the garden for a cigarette. He said Mr Freeman had gone over shouting he wasn't fighting three of them. Aaron told him to 'F' off and then he punched Aaron in the mouth. Aaron said he took it and he went to hit him again so Aaron has hit him back.
"He said he had fell over and thinks he banged his head on the floor."
Taxi driver Mark Brown, who took Hayes from the Coronation on Acklam Road to his home in Thornaby and back again, said in a statement read out to the court that the defendant told him during the ride that he had been drinking since about 8am and that he had spent £120 on cocaine which he had taken throughout the day.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Extending the efforts of previous reserachers, this study aimed at developing a causal model assimilating the emotional mechanism of perceived injustice and job oucome relationship through episodic envy. The research examined the main and indirect effects of perceived injustice types on job related behavioral job outcomes (organizational and interpersonal deviance, job performance, OCB) and employee's turnover intentions. The findings significantly supported the assertion that episodic envy mediated this relationship. In addition, this study also investigated the coping capacity of psychological capital in this relationship. The findings revealed that psychological capital tends to moderate the negative effects of perceived injustice on employee's job outcomes in such that individuals with high psychological capital are less likely to influence their job outcomes detrimentally. The findings also suggest that psychological capital buffers the negative effect of episodic envy on employee's job performance. The findings are also discussed in terms of its practical and theoratical implications at the end.


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Home» News&Events» Events» New Year Speech: 2018•PKU Medicine Sets Sail to Voyage
New Year Speech: 2018•PKU Medicine Sets Sail to Voyage
Zhan Qimin, Vice President of Peking University and President of PKU Health Science Center; Liu Yucun, Deputy Secretary of CPC PKU Committee and Secretary of CPC PKUHSC Committee
Dear fellow teachers, students, alumni, and friends,
Time flies and things change to be more active and alive. On the threshold of 2018, on behalf of the faculty and staff of Peking University Health Science Center, we'd like to extend cordial greetings and wishes for the New Year to the students who diligently strive on the road to knowledge, the medical workers who provide health care, the respectable retired seniors, the alumni who have always been concerned about the Alma Mater, and the leaders, our fellow professionals, and friends from all walks of life who care about and support the development of PKUHSC.
The year of 2017 was remarkably significant for the cause of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and our nation. The 19th National Congress of CPC was held successfully and from the overall and strategic perspective, it proposed new requirements, new directions, and new motivations for the various undertakings of the CPC and the nation. The year of 2017 was also extraordinary for PKUHSC. The convening of PKU's 13th Congress of Party Representatives and PKUHSC's 13th Congress of Party Representatives clarified the development strategy, striving objectives, and focal tasks. In retrospect, PKUHSC people have composed a splendid passage of 2017 with their hard work and sweat, from which we can feel the passion and perseverance they have for the common cause of PKU Medicine.
This year, we've focused together on the further development of education and teaching reform.
To further integrate medical care and education, we held the PKU Medicine: Education Forum to explore the reform and development of medical education and to establish a good exchange platform for domestic and international medical education. We continued to carry out the discipline accreditation of clinical medicine for medical schools across the country, organizing and completing the accreditation for 73 medical schools, where we fully played the leading role in medical education. Abiding by the rules of medical education and setting the goal of serving national needs, we kept reforming and innovating and have always been at the forefront of exploring medical postgraduate training models that accord with China's national situations. We have optimized the postgraduate admission structure, innovated the talents selection system, and established the doctoral program of translational medicine academic degree and the talent program of promotion and introduction, so as to attract excellent interdisciplinary talents and to reserve talents for the implementing of the "Double First Class" Initiative. Guided by the social development and talent needs, we've furthered the pilot work of comprehensive reform of degrees. We completed the drafting of training programs of doctor of applied public health, doctor of applied pharmaceutics, and master of applied medical techniques. To enhance the process management, we put specialist physician training in full operation, merging the former School of Medical Online Education and the former Center for In-Service Education and Training to Peking University School of Continuing Medical Education, which together with the undergraduate and the postgraduate education forms the complete talent training system of PKU Medicine. To strengthen the military and civilian integration and push forward further collaboration, PKU signed with the 302 Military Hospital of China and put up the plate of PKU 302 Clinical Hospital.
This year, we've exerted ourselves together and made extraordinary achievements in scientific and technological innovation.
In all, there were 314 scientific research projects approved through the whole year and the granted funds totaled 378 million yuan. Newly established were one international joint research center for the Ministry of Education and five PKUHSC research institutes. We've actively pushed forward application for the National Clinical Medicine Research Center. Key laboratories of various kinds have received favorable appraisals. We had 2273 SCI papers accepted and published, 15 of which were published on world-renowned journals such as The Lancet, JAMA, Cell, and Nature. Awarded the 2nd prizes of "National Science and Technology Advancement Award" were "Invention and Application of Key Techniques of the Prevention and Treatment of Gastric Cancer", "Establishment and Promotion of Key Techniques of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation", and "Study of Gamete Embryo Development and Application of New Methods to Improve Fertility". "Innovative Technique to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Repair and Its Application" won the 1st prize of "China Medical Science and Technology Award". PKUHSC's basic medicine, clinical medicine, stomatology, public health and preventive medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing have been selected as "Double First Class" disciplines, heading the list of universities with selected medical sciences. Several disciplines have been listed among the Top 100 of the QS World University Rankings by Subject. We've built platforms for interdisciplinary innovation and development and carried out several projects such as "Clinical Medicine plus X", "Clinical Summit Project", "Basic Research Project", and "Young Talent Platform Establishment".
This year, we've united our minds together to push forward the steady development of our cause.
To deepen the reform of health care and hygiene cause, we carried out the municipal project of separating health care from medicine in Beijing. We improved the system of general practice, explored the hierarchical medical system, and hence improved the quality of medical services. We strengthened the building of talent team and pushed forward the reform of personnel system. Professor Qiao Jie and Professor Lu Lin were elected academicians respectively of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We've also made breakthroughs in the middle-aged and young leading talents and innovation teams in key fields. International exchanges and cooperation have been expanded as well. We've further developed exchanges and cooperation with several strategic partners such as Institute of Medicine of University of Michigan, King's College London, and the University of Manchester. Together with China Medical Board we held the Global Health Forum. Programs of student long and short terms foreign exchanges have been perfected and achievements have been made in the work of overseas students to China so as to serve our nation's Belt and Road Initiative. With the problem of space settled, the infrastructure construction on campus has been going smoothly: the building of the comprehensive gymnasium, the renovation of the Building of Pharmaceutics, the building of the Center for International Cooperation and Exchange, and the geothermal system project.
This year, we've joined together to strengthen the connotation construction.
We've studied and implemented the feedback from CPC Central Committee's 13th Inspection Team, actively carrying out the rectification plan. We've successfully held the PKUHSC's 13th Congress of Party Representatives, achieving satisfactory results. We've implemented the spirit of National Conference of Idea and Politics Work in Universities and Colleges and promoted the connotation development and quality of the idea and politics work. Centering on "Setting Teacher Morality, Building Student Character", we've promoted the education by all staff, from all aspects, and in the whole process. PKUHSC representatives to the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference have actively made suggestions and passed on people's voices to the government. Personnel sent to aid Tibet and Xinjiang have dedicated wholeheartedly to the local medical care.
The blueprint of PKU Medicine gradually spreads itself when the new chapter is turned. In the year of 2018, we will set sail again, with new dreams to pursue and more power to strive. In the New Year, we will play stronger notes, ride on momentum, and forge ahead with more determination. We, PKU medical people, will remain true to our original aspiration, keep our mission firmly in mind, pursue the truth with innovation idea, and achieve glory again!
On the occasion of the New Year, we hope you stay healthy, achieve success in study and work, and have all to your wishes!
Zhan Qimin
Vice President of PKU, President of PKUHSC
Liu Yucun
Deputy Secretary of CPC PKU Committee, Secretary of CPC PKUHSC Committee
Written by: Lang Lang


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Gangs of London Season 1 Episode 2 English Subtitles Download
April 30, 2020TV SeriesComments: 0
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Issue 80What is net zero carbon?
Dr Joe Jack Williams explains Net Carbon Zero and what that means for FCBStudios.
Achieving net zero carbon in our designs means balancing operational carbon, energy generation from renewables, embodied carbon and carbon sequestration on every project.
It means having a light touch on the planet and making decisions that go beyond the specific projects we are working on today. We aim to achieve net zero operational carbon in all our projects on site by 2025.
Operational Energy
We follow the UKGBC definition of zero operational energy. "When the amount of carbon emissions associated with the building's operational energy on an annual basis is zero or negative. A net zero carbon building is highly energy-efficient and powered from on-site and/or off-site renewable energy sources, with any remaining carbon balance offset." (ref.1)
Operational carbon relates to the in use emissions of a building, from the lighting, heating, cooling and appliances – our fridges, cookers, fans, computers etc. FCBStudios have long been focussed on delivering low energy buildings, with particular attention to closing the performance gap between the expected energy use and the actual use once the building is in operation.
We follow a fabric first approach, lowering the energy demands of the building through insulation, airtightness and an optimised glazing ratio to achieve low U-values. These approaches will have benefits that outlast any new technology installed. Efficient electric heating and hot water (using ground or air source heat pump) make the most of a rapidly decarbonising electrical grid.
On site renewable energy generation can reduce the net operational energy, but a reduction in energy demand should be prioritised over adding renewables to generate energy.
Embodied Carbon
UKGBC define net zero embodied carbon as "When the amount of carbon emissions associated with a building's product and construction stages up to practical completion is zero or negative, through the use of offsets or the net export of on-site renewable energy."
Through the Carbon Counts exhibition, its related events and FCBS CARBON we have explored the relative carbon impact of materials and provided a tool to give an indicative carbon calculation for early-stage projects. These provide the best possible start for a low or zero carbon buildings, but this momentum needs to be continued throughout the life of the project.
To truly understand the embodied carbon of a building, it should be assessed using a robust framework. British Standard BS EN 15978:2011 (fig 2) is the definitive summary of a building's emissions throughout its life cycle. Across the modules, it looks at: cradle to gate production (A1 - A3); transport to site and construction (A4-A5); operation, including replacement and refurbishment (B1-B5); and end of life (C1-C4). Module D deals with the future of the materials in the building: the potential for their recycling or recovery.
Data is available from many sources, but the best sources are the ICE database from Circular Ecology (Ref.2), and specific Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) available direct from manufacturers. EPDs will always be more accurate than the ICE database, and should be used as soon as the specific product is known. There are currently only a limited number in the UK, but the more we ask for EPDs as an industry, the more will be made available by manufacturers.
Embodied carbon reporting is often split into two sections: cradle to handover (modules A1-5), and whole life embodied carbon (assuming a 60-year life and including modules A1-B5, & C1-4)This promotes thinking about not only the immediate emissions from creating a building, but also around longevity and maintainability.
Using any construction material emits some carbon. Some natural building materials sequester carbon as they grow, locking in carbon from the atmosphere, which can often be more than emitted through their use. These materials can be treated as zero carbon, but only when the end-of-life emissions are factored in.
An embodied carbon calculation takes into account the 'cradle to grave' emissions of all the materials that go into the construction of the building. This can also include sequestration from natural materials and the benefits of the circular economy. Seen as a whole, this gives the net embodied carbon.
Whole Life Carbon
For us, this embraces 60 years of operational and embodied carbon emissions, including the construction, replacement and maintenance cycles and what happens to the building at the end of its life.
In a project that starts off zero embodied carbon on occupation, and continues to be net zero in its operational carbon, with low impact maintenance and replacement cycles, then it is possible that it could continue to be net zero carbon throughout its life. These projects we call regenerative.
In order to achieve net zero carbon, the detail matters. However, if we adhere to six main principles in our projects, we will reach a starting point for calculating the carbon emissions that is closer to zero.
Build less, build light, build wise, build low carbon, build for the future and build collaboratively. (ref. 3)
Dr Joe Jack Williams
Joe is an associate at FCBStudios and alongside Ian Taylor leads our Research and Innovation. He sits on the LETI Steering Group, is part of core research groups with Architects Declare and CIBSE and is part of a network of sustainability professionals in the UK Architecture industry. With Joe Taylor, he has developed FCBS Carbon.
A note on Zero carbon vs Net zero carbon
At FCBStudios, we talk about net zero carbon, rather than zero carbon, and this is important. Zero operational carbon refers to the generation of enough energy on-site over the course of the year to power the building. Net zero operational carbon is connected to the grid, so can feed energy to the grid during times of oversupply, and draw energy when the supply is lower (eg, in winter when the demand for energy is higher, but the generation of solar energy is lower). Net zero carbon is much easier to achieve.
1. UKGBC : Net zero carbon buildings, a framework definition
2. ICE Database available from: https://circularecology.com/
3. LETI embodied carbon primer
RIBA whole life carbon assessment for architects
RICS whole life carbon assessment for the built environment
1. Croft Gardens for Kings College Cambridge is designed to Passivhaus Standards with a 100 year design life
2. British Standard for Embodied Carbon
3. University of Staffordshire Woodland Nursery, Net zero carbon.
Keep reading, or go back
Are we entering a new golden age of offices?


I was very much looking forward to having my novels available to buy through the Apple Books Store as I'm an avid user of Apple's products and services, and was excited to see my books displayed on an iPad and iPhone.
That's really it for now. I'll add another post and hopefully a regular blog soon.


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Mobile Phone Data Reveals Human Reproductive Strategies
The pattern of calls and texts between humans reveals how women invest more heavily in their main relationship than men; and how this changes as they age.
Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page
Various studies have shown that the frequency of contact between individuals is a reliable indicator of the emotional link between them. So it should come as no surprise that the data from mobile phone calls is a potential treasure trove of information about the social lives of humans.
But analyses of this data so far have been distinctly unspectacular. For example, the location data associated with phone calls has revealed various new intricacies in the movements of commuters. Interesting but hardly jaw-dropping.
That is set to change with the work of Vasyl Palchykov at the Aalto University School of Science in Finland and a few buddies including a couple of old hands in the form of Albert-László Barabási at Northeastern University and Robin Dunbar at the University of Oxford (of Dunbar's number fame).
These guys have got hold of a corpus of mobile phone data relating to calls between 1.4 million women and 1.8 million men in an unspecified European country. Between them, these phone subscribers made almost 2 billion calls and sent almost half a billion text messages. In addition to the gender of each subscriber, Palchykov and co also managed to get their age as well.
That's significant because it allows them to study not allow the pattern of calls between genders but the way this changes with age.
They began by taking each subscriber and determining the age and gender of the person they werein contact with most frequently, second most frequently and so on. These, they assume, are the 'best' friend, second best friend and so on.
Then, they looked at how the 'best friends' changed as subscribers age. It turns out in general that between the ages of 18 and 40 or so, men and women have best friends of the opposite sex. Palchykov and co assume this reflects the general pattern of mating in society. Second best friends are generally of the same sex at this age.
But they tease the most interesting phenomena out of the fine detail in their dataset. They conclude for example that women are more focused on opposite-sex relationships than men are during the period of their lives when they are reproductively active. That indicates that women invest more heavily in creating and maintaining their relationships than men.
As women age, their attention shifts from their spouse to younger females some 25 years or so younger. That's about equal to a generation gap and Palchykov and co assume these younger females are daughters. This attention shift also seems to equate to the arrival of grandchildren, when the older female again once again begins to invest more heavily.
While older women focus more heavily on younger females, older men maintain an even gender balance in the second best friends, presumably this reflects an equal attention between children of opposite sexes.
What's striking about this is how strongly female relationships are determined by their reproductive cycle. "Women's gender-biases thus tend to be stronger than men's, seemingly because their patterns of social contact are strongly driven by the changes in the patterns of reproductive investment across the lifespan," say Palchykov and co.
Clearly, female reproductive strategies change more explicitly as they age, switching from mate choice to personal reproduction to parental investment and finally grandparental investment, particularly after they reach 40.
However, the most dramatic conclusion from this work is about the pattern of social relationships that play the most important role in society. Palchykov and co say the tendency in the past has been to assume that father-son relationships dominate.
By contrast, "our results tend to support the claim that mother-daughter relationships play a particularly seminal role in structuring human social relationships," they say.
This difference on the way the sexes invest in relationships is exactly what evolutionary biologists expect. But although previously suspected, it has proved particularly difficult to test. That's why this work is something of a landmark.
Clearly, the ability to study human relationships on such a vast scale opens up a host of new avenues for research in social and reproductive strategies.
In particular, this study looks only at the existence of links between people, not the the directional asymmetries in relationships or who initiates contact. Palchykov and co leave that for another day.
There's a mountain of data ready to be mined on this. And clearly, there's gold in them thar hills.
Ref: arxiv.org/abs/1201.5722: Sex differences in intimate relationships
Emerging Technology from the arXiv


A new strategic plan was developed in the fall of 2015 by the DDA board. This document will act as a guiding document for the DDA's activities over the next few years. If you have any questions, please contact DDA Executive Director Cynthia Warda.
This plan creates a vision for the community, lays out expectations, and shows the needs of the Downtown Development Authority.


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Diet Dictionary
Healthy Celeb
Home Celeb Lists World's Highest Paid Supermodels of 2015 by Forbes
World's Highest Paid Supermodels of 2015 by Forbes
Beauty has its own charm. Not only it can make things easier for you, but you get your own share of fame. Local as well as global, depending on what you are doing. And, in case of beautiful supermodels, who we see strutting up and down the glamorous fashion events and weeks, beauty and perfect figure can help you pocket millions.
Now, many of you might argue that paying millions just for beauty is waste. But, modeling isn't just about beauty. Any beautiful girl can't become a supermodel. You need killer confidence, self possession and charm to seduce millions with your beauty. Also, another fact that critics often choose to conveniently ignore is that the models help market and sell products from leading brands. Take the case of Gisele Bundchen, who finished top earner once again, she has earned millions from lucrative beauty and fragrance contracts with Chanel and Carolina Herrera.
The Brazilian supermodel is joined at the top by her compatriot Adriana Lima and British model Cara Delevingne. In the list compiled by the prestigious Forbes Magazine, the young models such as Candice Swanepoel and Karlie Kloss have been included as well. With further delay, here are the highest earning beauties of the fashion industry.
Gisele Bundchen – $44 million
Such is Gisele's presence in the market and popularity that despite rumors of her retirement and then, her eventual retirement, she has still managed to earn more than $35 million than those holding the second position in this list. Astonishing, right? By banking $44 million, the Brazilian beauty has easily maintained her reign as the highest earning model. The 35 year old, who has been often called 'the last supermodel,' won't be too worried about retiring from the ramp as she has built an enormous presence in the fashion market. And, surely, retirement won't be able to put a big dent in her earning power as big brands line up to get associated with her. Bundchen continues to pocket staggering money from lucrative beauty and fragrance contracts with Chanel and Carolina Herrera. The prestigious high fashion campaigns for Emilio Pucci and Balenciaga are also responsible for her fat bank balance. Her other sources of income include her cut from the sales of jelly sandals, she designs for Brazilian shoemaker Grendene, and her line of Hope lingerie labeled 'Gisele Bundchen Intimates.'
What makes Bundchen such a successful corporate power is that she has nous to adapt according to the changing times. With more than 5.5 million Facebook followers and 6.2 million Instagram fans, she has turned her name into a brand that will always have a strong market presence.
Cara Delevingne – $9 million
You can get an idea of how popular Cara Delevingne is by the fact that she made her first appearance in the Highest-Paid Models ranking in 2014 and within a year, she had nabbed the second position. In a year, her earning increased by almost threefold from $3.5 million to $9 million. Her position in this list is down to busy and eventful year Cara had in modeling and acting. The British model appeared in fashion campaigns of 13 different brands including appearance in major advertisements for DKNY, Burberry and Topshop. She has also retained her lucrative deal with famous brand Yves Saint Laurent.
This year also saw 23 year old model make her main role debut with movie 'Paper Towns,' which was a commercial success. Cara had made her big screen debut with a minor role in the 2012 film adaptation of 'Anna Karenina.' Cara will be soon seen in two highly anticipated movies – 'London Fields,' which is based on Martin Amis's novel with Johnny Depp, 'Pan' with Hugh Jackman and Amanda Seyfried and as enchantress in 'Suicide Squad' with Will Smith and Jared Leto. Her strong presence on social media will only help her in her future endeavors. Sharing geeky and beautiful snaps on Instagram has helped her garner around 19.7 million followers.
Adriana Lima – $9 million
With $9 million earning, the Brazilian supermodel has managed to keep hold of the second spot, which she won last year as well. However, sensuous Adriana Lima has managed to boost her earning by $1 million. Lima holds the distinction of being the longest serving Angel for the famed Victoria's Secret brand, which has made her entitled to a hefty paycheck. Her first show for the lingerie giant was in 1999 and she was offered a professional contract a year later. Her other source of income are lucrative contracts with Marc Jacobs, H&M and Desigual. Also, the new deals with Maybelline and Vogue Eyewear have helped her to the highest earning year of her career. However, her association with Maybelline brand isn't new as she was the spokesmodel for Maybelline cosmetics from 2003 to 2009. As it has become a norm, the 34 year old beauty once again rocked Super Bowl advertisement, this time with Kia motors advert. With 5.4 million fans on Instagram and more than 6 million followers on Facebook, she has good digital presence as well.
Doutzen Kroes – $7.5 million
Next on our list is ex-angel Doutzen Kroes, who quit the prestigious lingerie brand this year, due to schedule conflict that hampered her commitments with the global brand. This brought an end to an almost 10 years of long association including six years as contracted angel. However, the decision to cut her ties from the brand that has made a massive contribution to Dutch model's popularity over the years won't rankle much as her steamy advertisement for Calvin Klein has ensured she retains attention and place in male fantasies. The 30 year old model holds the distinction of being the first model to appear on the cover of four international editions of Vogue in one month and in fact appeared on the cover of nine editions of the magazine in 2013. The lucrative L'Oréal cosmetics contract makes a key contribution to her overall yearly earnings of $7.5 million. Plus, she is the face of Tiffany & Co. and plays a starring role in Samsung campaign in her native country. She has 3.4 million followers on Instagram, where she regularly promotes line of her cashmere sweaters.
Natalia Vodianova – $7 million
Natalia Vodianova is one of the most inspiring models of the fashion industry. Unlike many other models in this list, Natalia had a poor and difficult childhood. Her father walked out on family, when she was a toddler and as a result, the whole burden of raising Natalia and her two half-sisters Kristina and Oksana, one of whom has cerebral palsy, fell on her mother. As a teenager, she helped her mother sell fruits on the street. Later on, she started her own fruit stand with her friend to ease financial difficulties of her family. Luckily, a modeling agency spotted her potential and signed her at the age of 15. And, within two years, she had moved to Paris and signed with famous agency, Viva Models. Over the years, the Russian model has established herself as one of the top talents in the industry and has made appearances in advertising campaigns for leading brands such as Guerlain, Givenchy, Calvin Klein, Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Gucci, Nina Ricci, Versace, Yves Saint Laurent.
Last year, her earnings jumped from $4 million to $7 million. Her two fragrances, Calvin Klein Euphoria, which she launched in 2006, and Guerlain Shalimar Souffle de Parfum have kept money flowing into her bank accounts. She also has a Guerlain cosmetics contract and is the face of Stella McCartney and Theory. Plus, she designs a line for European lingerie makers Etam.
Miranda Kerr – $5.5 million
Miranda Kerr is well known as the face of Victoria's Secret wonderbra, which is a diamond studded and jewel encrusted masterpiece. Although, she hasn't worked for the lingerie giant since 2013, she still continues to reap benefits from her reputation as the top lingerie model. Her yearly income of $5.5 million is slightly less than 2014's $7 million, but she has found love in billionaire Snapchat co-founder / CEO Evan Spiegel. So, she won't mind a small dip in her earnings.
Being the face of Escada Joyful Fragrance, Swarovski jewelry and Clear Hair Care products has helped her in maintaining her status as one of the highest paid models. Another source of income for Miranda is cosmetics line, Kora Organics, which she launched in 2009. She also fattened her purse with endorsement for Royal Albert teacups. With 7.1 million Instagram followers, 4 million Twitter followers and 7.4 million Facebook fans, she has enough presence to keep channels for lucrative endorsements and advertising campaigns open.
Joan Smalls – $5.5 million
The stunning Puerto Rican model holds the distinction of being the first Latina ambassador for Estée Lauder, which she achieved by signing contract with the cosmetics giant in 2011. She is also the first Puerto Rican model to be chosen as the front for the advertisement campaign of prestigious brands such as Gucci, Givenchy, Hugo Boss, Calvin Klein jeans and Mercedes Benz. Smalls's had a busy year as she increased her earnings from $3 million in 2014 to $5.5 million this year. She was one of the main attractions at the last Victoria's Secret show. She also appeared on the Pirelli calendar and cover of American Vogue's September 2014 issue.
It was a successful year for Smalls as she retained lucrative Estée Lauder and H&M deals and added several new brands to her catalogue including ads with Joe Fresh, Calvin Klein and Marc Jacobs.
Lara Stone – $5 million
Lara Stone, the Dutch English model was first discovered at the age of 12 in the Paris Metro while on holiday with her family. Then, at the age of 15, she took part in the Elite Model Look competition in 1999. Although, she didn't win the competition, she did enough to impress Elite executives and win professional contract. Since then, she has carved her own niche in the fashion industry. The second highest paid Dutch model has opened shows for Giles Deacon, Isabel Marant, Christopher Kane, Fendi, and MaxMara, and closed for Chanel, Diesel, Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, and Balmain. Also, she has been "semi-exclusive" for Prada, which means she could not walk for any other fashion brand during New York Fashion Week or in Milan before the Prada show.
Part of her $5 million income comes from existing L'Oréal cosmetics contract and recently inked deal with Calvin Klein underwear and fashion campaign for Stella McCartney and Tom Ford fragrances. She also earns from Barneys and Kurt Geiger adverts.
Alessandra Ambrosio – $5 million
The 34 year old Brazilian model recently made her acting debut with steamy Brazilian soap opera 'Verdades Secretas (Secrets and Lies),' which has already garnered a lot of attention due to some passionate and sensuous love making scenes. However, the majority of her $5 million earnings have come from her lucrative contract as one of the famous Victoria's secret angels. Alessandra also pockets proceedings from the sale of garments from her own swimwear line and a joint clothing line with Planet Blue. Plus, she has lucrative Schutz and Dafiti contracts, which further improves her bank balance.
Candice Swanepoel – $5 million
With $5 million income, Candice Swanepoel has managed to nearly double 2014's $3 million haul. However, it won't bother South African model who was first discovered in the flea market. Like Alessandra Ambrosio, the majority of her income comes from the lucrative Victoria's Secret contract. Her other sources of income include Max Factor make up deal and Versace fragrance contract. She further supplements her income with adverts for Free People and Givenchy, among others.
Karlie Kloss – $5 million
Despite no longer being a Victoria's Secret Angel, Karlie Kloss has enough lucrative deals and advertisement campaigns to earn $5 million. Her portfolio includes deals with L'Oréal, Joe Fresh and Kate Spade. Her other lucrative gigs include a perfume contract as the face of Chanel Coco Noir fragrance. She has also partnered with the Flatiron School to create a Kode With Karlie scholarship for young female coders.
You can read this complete Forbes list here.
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Mitch Marsh's status as a future Australian captain has been underlined after his appointment to lead the Australia A team in India in September.
The West Australian skipper, who is set to succeed WA coach-in-waiting Adam Voges as Perth Scorchers captain, will use the next three months to recover from ankle surgery as he prepares to take on the greater leadership roles.
Marsh, 26, had bone spurs removed from the front and back of his left ankle as well as having seven pieces of floating bone removed from the joint. He had identical surgery seven years ago and was told at the time that he would probably require another operation this year.
Marsh expects to start running within two weeks and hopes to be able to bowl in the two four-day matches in India in early September.
The 12-month suspensions of former Australian captain Steve Smith and his deputy David Warner have seen Tim Paine parachuted into the leadership roles, with the Tasmanian set to captain the Test and one-day teams this summer.
But Marsh could be fast-tracked into the Test captaincy by the Ashes series next year when he would become just the third West Australian after Kim Hughes and Adam Gilchrist to lead the national team.
"We are looking for leaders for future Australian teams," selection chairman Trevor Hohns said.
Marsh could be Paine's deputy later this year as Cricket Aust-ralia searches for its next generation of leaders. "It is there, but it is not something I am focused on solely and with where we are as the Australian cricket team, I want to become the best cricketer and best person I can be," Marsh said.
"If that means in time I become the Australian vice-captain then so be it, but I am just worried about getting my ankle right and getting back to playing some good cricket. But I must be doing something right and I am looking forward to the opportunity (for Australia A).
Marsh won the domestic one-day cup in his first outing as WA captain last season and revealed an attacking flair in six Sheffield Shield matches in charge. Marsh endorsed Voges as WA's next coach and said he would be an ideal successor to Justin Langer, who replaced Darren Lehmann as national coach.
Voges is understood to be the only candidate and the WACA board is expected to ratify his appointment as early as today.


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2 auxiliary bishops named for Archdiocese of Detroit
The Rev. Gerard W. Battersby and Rev. Robert J. Fisher to be ordained during Jan. 25 ceremony
2 auxiliary bishops named for Archdiocese of Detroit The Rev. Gerard W. Battersby and Rev. Robert J. Fisher to be ordained during Jan. 25 ceremony Check out this story on detroitnews.com: http://detne.ws/2gi7RWf
Mark Hicks, The Detroit News Published 10:52 p.m. ET Nov. 23, 2016 | Updated 11:08 p.m. ET Nov. 23, 2016
Rev. Gerard W. Battersby(Photo: Archdiocese of Detroit)
Pope Francis has named two area priests to become auxiliary bishops for the Archdiocese of Detroit, officials announced Wednesday.
The Rev. Gerard W. Battersby and Rev. Robert J. Fisher are set to be ordained as the archdiocese's 29th and 30th auxiliary bishops during a ceremony on Jan. 25 at the Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament in Detroit.
Auxiliary bishops help the archbishop in the pastoral care of the archdiocese, which covers a six-region territory in southeast Michigan and includes an estimated 1.3 million Catholics.
"All of us in the Archdiocese of Detroit are deeply grateful that Pope Francis has named Father Battersby and Father Fisher, two well-loved and respected priests in our archdiocese, to be auxiliary bishops in our local church," said Detroit Archbishop Allen Vigneron in a statement.
Battersby, 56, was born in Detroit, the youngest of nine children. He earned a bachelor's degree in biology from Wayne State University and worked in the pharmaceutical and appraisal industries until entering Sacred Heart Major Seminary in 1993, according to his biography.
Ordained a priest on May 30, 1998, he has served at St. Thecla in Clinton Township as well as St. Gerard, Immaculate Heart of Mary and Presentation-Our Lady of Victory parishes in Detroit.
Battersby became director of graduate seminarians at Sacred Heart Major Seminary in 2007, then was assigned to graduate studies at the University of St. Thomas in Rome. He has been vice-rector and dean of seminarian formation at Sacred Heart Major Seminary since 2011. Last year, he became pastor of St. Mary of Redford Parish in Detroit since October 2015.
The new role is an "inestimable blessing," Battersby said Wednesday. "It is with joy and confidence in Jesus Christ that I accepted the Holy Father's invitation to be a co-worker of his in the apostolic ministry. I would also like to thank Archbishop Allen Vigneron, who has been truly a good shepherd and a sterling exemplar to me."
Bishop-designate Fisher, 57, also was born in Detroit. He earned his bachelor's degree in management science from University of Detroit and after graduation oversaw the camping services department of the Catholic Youth Organization camps near Port Sanilac, the archdiocese said.
Rev. Robert J. Fisher (Photo: Archdiocese of Detroit)
Earning his Master of Divinity degree from Sacred Heart Major Seminary, he was ordained a priest on June 27, 1992. Fisher served at Our Lady Star of the Sea Parish in Grosse Pointe Woods as director of priestly vocations for the archdiocese, at St. Angela Parish in Roseville and St. Lawrence Parish in Utica.
Since March 2014, he has been rector at the National Shrine of the Little Flower Basilica in Royal Oak.
"I am grateful for Archbishop Vigneron's guidance, direction and fraternal support. With the prayers of the community, I will direct all my energy toward sharing Christ in and through the Church," Fisher said Wednesday.
Vigneron noted the appointment announcement following the Synod 16, the Archdiocese of Detroit's first such religious gathering since 1969, which aimed to find ways to follow fundamental teachings while revamping how worshipers across southeast Michigan pray and share their faith as well as address spiritual needs.
"Just days ago we celebrated Synod '16 to move the whole Catholic community in southeast Michigan forward in our efforts to Unleash the Gospel," Vigneron said. "Both of these new bishops bring a rich set of gifts and talents to the roles they will play in leading our community in our mission to share the Good News of Jesus."
The roles come weeks after Francis tapped Archdiocese of Detroit auxiliary bishop Michael Jude Byrnes to lead the Catholic Church in Guam while its suspended archbishop faces a church trial for alleged sexual abuse of altar boys.
Read or Share this story: http://detne.ws/2gi7RWf


What is the Oregon Landowner's Water Well Permit Bond?
In the State of Oregon, landowners planning to install, change, or abandon water wells in their grounds are required to secure their Water Well Permit prior the beginning of the project. Applicants must obtain their license with the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) and pay a $500 fee.
Accordingly, one pre-licensing requirement is the Oregon Landowner's Water Well Permit Bond which is in compliance with the provisions of the Water Well Owner's Handbook drafted by the Oregon Health Authority.
Why do you need an Oregon Landowner's Water Well Permit Bond?
The State of Oregon, by virtue of the ORS 537.505 or the Groundwater Act of 1955, mandates landowners, who wish to conduct their own well construction, alteration, or even abandonment without the help of licensed professionals, to secure a Water Well Permit Bond prior any well construction.
The bond is a guarantee that owners will have the necessary equipment to complete the project without posing hazards to the public and that all necessary construction or alteration standards and applicable groundwater law are followed.
How much does an Oregon Landowner's Water Well Permit Bond cost?
The cost of the Landowner's Water Well Permit Bond in the State of Oregon will depend on the applicant's credit score, industry experience, business history, and the surety provider's financial background. Typically, the bond will be between $100 and $500 with premium rates ranging from 1% and 10%. Generally speaking, the better the applicants' credit score, the better the premium rate they get.
Visit here and get your surety bond quote today!
To secure your water well bond, be sure to transact with a reputable surety company early. If you are ready to get yours processed today, you can APPLY HERE. Rest assured our expert surety bond agent will guide you from the time of your application until the issuance of your bond.


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My Parents' Front Porch — Lillian, Alabama — Road Trip!
I took advantage of my recent front porch tour and road trip to see my parents and spend Thanksgiving with them and extended family.
While there, I sat on my parents front porch and whittled on a piece of bamboo my oldest son had cut for me to be a walking stick.
Other members of the family were out in front of me, playing a hearty game of croquet, so enthusiastically we broke a few mallets. As "punishment." the culprits had to keep playing with their now very short clubs, resulting in the gangly youths looking like overgrown grasshoppers. Such are the sights of the porch dweller.
There was no front porch when I was a child. It evolved, first as a brick walk, then a low deck and finally a full-on porch, complete with widened walkway, fountain, and birdfeeders populating the front beds.
The furniture has changed over the years as well. Currently, my grandmother's vintage 1960's patio furniture holds court on the porch: bright yellow and happy.
I like this space, with the water burbling and the birds, tucked in the tall bushes, waiting for me to leave so they can have yet another treat from the feeders. Many of the plantings were gifts that I gave my parents, honoring a birthday or other special occasion.
The sunsets and starlight from here are amazing. This front porch is out in the country, so neighbors are not overly abundant. I can, however, hear the children next door playing as they visit their grandparents, like mine are visiting theirs.
I wonder if curiosity will get the better of either group? I wonder if they will go explore and see what is happening in the other neighbor's yard? Discover potential friends?
Regardless, it is good to sit here on this front porch. To hear and see and be seen. To be lightly connected to this space and time and memory of laughter and water and a wacky game of croquet.


text:
Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)
Gigi Y. Lau, Georgina K. Cox, John D. Stieglitz, Daniel D. Benetti, Martin Grosell
Maintaining energy balance over a wide range of temperatures is critical for an active pelagic fish species such as the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which can experience rapid changes in temperature during vertical migrations. Due to the profound effect of temperature on mitochondrial function, this study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized heart and red skeletal muscle (RM) fibres isolated from mahi-mahi. As RM is thought to be more anatomically isolated from rapid ambient temperature changes compared to the myocardium, it was hypothesized that heart mitochondria would be more tolerant of temperature changes through a greater ability to match respiratory capacity to an increase in temperature and to maintain coupling, when compared to RM mitochondria. Results show that heart fibres were more temperature sensitive and increased respiration rate with temperature increases to a greater degree than RM. Respiratory coupling ratios at the three assay temperatures (20, 26, and 30 °C), revealed that heart mitochondria were less coupled at a lower temperature (26 °C) compared to RM mitochondria (30 °C). In response to an in vitro acute temperature challenge, both tissues showed irreversible effects, where both heart and RM increased uncoupling whether the assay temperature was acutely changed from 20 to 30 °C or 30 to 20 °C. The findings from this study indicate that mahi-mahi heart mitochondria were more temperature sensitive compared to those from RM.
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Perciformes Medicine & Life Sciences
Muscle Mitochondrion Medicine & Life Sciences
Myocardium Medicine & Life Sciences
Heart Mitochondria Medicine & Life Sciences
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers Medicine & Life Sciences
Lau, G. Y., Cox, G. K., Stieglitz, J. D., Benetti, D. D., & Grosell, M. (2020). Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Scientific reports, 10(1), [14865]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71741-0
Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). / Lau, Gigi Y.; Cox, Georgina K.; Stieglitz, John D.; Benetti, Daniel D.; Grosell, Martin.
In: Scientific reports, Vol. 10, No. 1, 14865, 01.12.2020.
Lau, GY, Cox, GK, Stieglitz, JD, Benetti, DD & Grosell, M 2020, 'Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)', Scientific reports, vol. 10, no. 1, 14865. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71741-0
Lau GY, Cox GK, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Scientific reports. 2020 Dec 1;10(1). 14865. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71741-0
Lau, Gigi Y. ; Cox, Georgina K. ; Stieglitz, John D. ; Benetti, Daniel D. ; Grosell, Martin. / Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). In: Scientific reports. 2020 ; Vol. 10, No. 1.
@article{389bd3878c774f87be629a057aa81cea,
title = "Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)",
abstract = "Maintaining energy balance over a wide range of temperatures is critical for an active pelagic fish species such as the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which can experience rapid changes in temperature during vertical migrations. Due to the profound effect of temperature on mitochondrial function, this study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized heart and red skeletal muscle (RM) fibres isolated from mahi-mahi. As RM is thought to be more anatomically isolated from rapid ambient temperature changes compared to the myocardium, it was hypothesized that heart mitochondria would be more tolerant of temperature changes through a greater ability to match respiratory capacity to an increase in temperature and to maintain coupling, when compared to RM mitochondria. Results show that heart fibres were more temperature sensitive and increased respiration rate with temperature increases to a greater degree than RM. Respiratory coupling ratios at the three assay temperatures (20, 26, and 30 °C), revealed that heart mitochondria were less coupled at a lower temperature (26 °C) compared to RM mitochondria (30 °C). In response to an in vitro acute temperature challenge, both tissues showed irreversible effects, where both heart and RM increased uncoupling whether the assay temperature was acutely changed from 20 to 30 °C or 30 to 20 °C. The findings from this study indicate that mahi-mahi heart mitochondria were more temperature sensitive compared to those from RM.",
author = "Lau, {Gigi Y.} and Cox, {Georgina K.} and Stieglitz, {John D.} and Benetti, {Daniel D.} and Martin Grosell",
note = "Funding Information: GL was supported by the Canadian Society of Zoologists Student/PDF Research Grant. MG is a Maytag Professor of Ichthyology. This research was supported by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative titled Relationship of Effects of Cardiac Outcomes in fish for Validation of Ecological Risk (RECOVER; Grant no. SA-1520).",
T1 - Temperature sensitivity differs between heart and red muscle mitochondria in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)
AU - Lau, Gigi Y.
AU - Cox, Georgina K.
AU - Stieglitz, John D.
AU - Benetti, Daniel D.
AU - Grosell, Martin
N1 - Funding Information: GL was supported by the Canadian Society of Zoologists Student/PDF Research Grant. MG is a Maytag Professor of Ichthyology. This research was supported by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative titled Relationship of Effects of Cardiac Outcomes in fish for Validation of Ecological Risk (RECOVER; Grant no. SA-1520).
N2 - Maintaining energy balance over a wide range of temperatures is critical for an active pelagic fish species such as the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which can experience rapid changes in temperature during vertical migrations. Due to the profound effect of temperature on mitochondrial function, this study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized heart and red skeletal muscle (RM) fibres isolated from mahi-mahi. As RM is thought to be more anatomically isolated from rapid ambient temperature changes compared to the myocardium, it was hypothesized that heart mitochondria would be more tolerant of temperature changes through a greater ability to match respiratory capacity to an increase in temperature and to maintain coupling, when compared to RM mitochondria. Results show that heart fibres were more temperature sensitive and increased respiration rate with temperature increases to a greater degree than RM. Respiratory coupling ratios at the three assay temperatures (20, 26, and 30 °C), revealed that heart mitochondria were less coupled at a lower temperature (26 °C) compared to RM mitochondria (30 °C). In response to an in vitro acute temperature challenge, both tissues showed irreversible effects, where both heart and RM increased uncoupling whether the assay temperature was acutely changed from 20 to 30 °C or 30 to 20 °C. The findings from this study indicate that mahi-mahi heart mitochondria were more temperature sensitive compared to those from RM.
AB - Maintaining energy balance over a wide range of temperatures is critical for an active pelagic fish species such as the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which can experience rapid changes in temperature during vertical migrations. Due to the profound effect of temperature on mitochondrial function, this study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized heart and red skeletal muscle (RM) fibres isolated from mahi-mahi. As RM is thought to be more anatomically isolated from rapid ambient temperature changes compared to the myocardium, it was hypothesized that heart mitochondria would be more tolerant of temperature changes through a greater ability to match respiratory capacity to an increase in temperature and to maintain coupling, when compared to RM mitochondria. Results show that heart fibres were more temperature sensitive and increased respiration rate with temperature increases to a greater degree than RM. Respiratory coupling ratios at the three assay temperatures (20, 26, and 30 °C), revealed that heart mitochondria were less coupled at a lower temperature (26 °C) compared to RM mitochondria (30 °C). In response to an in vitro acute temperature challenge, both tissues showed irreversible effects, where both heart and RM increased uncoupling whether the assay temperature was acutely changed from 20 to 30 °C or 30 to 20 °C. The findings from this study indicate that mahi-mahi heart mitochondria were more temperature sensitive compared to those from RM.