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Home»News»Adult Swim Live Action "Rick and Morty" Promo Stars Christopher Lloyd!
Adult Swim Live Action "Rick and Morty" Promo Stars Christopher Lloyd!
By Rick Ceballos September 3, 2021 Updated: September 3, 2021 2 Mins Read
The circle is finally complete. It all started in 2006 when Justin Roiland put out "The Adventures of Doc and Mharti," a barely veiled parody of "Back to the Future." The crux of the cartoon involves a teenage boy and a wacky scientist getting themselves out of situations in ways that cannot be described on this website.
Several years later, the short was expanded into "Rick and Morty" on Adult Swim, where for better or worse, it became a pop culture force onto itself. What started as a crude animated short done by a young and frustrated comedy writer continues to consume itself while also being one of the biggest cartoons today. Despite the lineage between the show and the trilogy of films, "Rick and Morty" broke away from its beginnings to become a dark exploration of family, narcissism, brutal violence and failure.
That suddenly changed with the release of a promotional ad put out for the upcoming season four finale of the show. Adult Swim has released a teaser with our favorite scientist from "Back to the Future" playing Rick from "Rick and Morty." Starring Christopher Lloyd as Rick Sanchez and Jaeden Martell as Morty Smith, the snippet is everything we'd want a real live-action "Rick and Morty" to be. The very brief promo shows the two stepping out of their trademark green portal into a likeness of Rick's garage. Lloyd, who may or may not know who he's trying to play, gives a belch and says "we're home!"
The fact that the show lives off making deep cut references to everything from film and television made this a natural fit. So it is a bit surprising that it took this long to just come out and make a blatant call back to what lowkey inspired the show in the first place. Outside of tiny sight gags, this is a true ouroboros moment where the show is eating itself. However, given that "Rick and Morty" is all about breaking reality, it makes total sense. How this will all play out remains to the be seen but it speaks to the ambitions of the show to be something so much bigger than where it started.
"Rick and Morty" will be premiering 2 new episodes from season 5 on Adult Swim on September 5th, 2021.
C-132 #rickandmorty pic.twitter.com/oq54C9C5TW
— adult swim (@adultswim) September 3, 2021
Rick Ceballos
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2 More Live Action "Rick and Morty" Vids with Christopher Lloyd Appear


What's an SMTP server? Why is the SMTP protocol e-mail transmission-critical?
In order for you to send out emails using an e-mail address with your domain, you have to make sure that the provider will provide you with usage of their SMTP server. The aforementioned is the software enabling e-mail messages to be sent out. SMTP is an acronym for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and it manages all outgoing e-mails from applications, webmail and contact web forms. When a message is sent, the SMTP server confirms with all of the DNS servers worldwide where the emails for the receiving domain name are handled and when it acquires this data, it creates a connection to the remote POP/IMAP server to see if the recipient mailbox exists. In case it does, the SMTP server transmits the message body while the receiving server delivers it to the mail box in which the recipient can open it up and read it. Without an SMTP server on your server, you will not be capable to send out messages in any way.
If you have a hosting plan with us, you will be able to send out emails through our SMTP server making use of any e-mail software and any device. The service is available with our packages automatically, and not on demand or maybe as an optional paid upgrade. You can send out email messages from any place using our webmail or an email client of your choice. The SMTP server also allows you to implement contact forms on your web sites simply by including the server name and your e-mail in the form code, so you will not need to do anything whatsoever more complex than that to have a PHP mail form to operate. You will find the necessary SMTP settings in the Emails area of your Hepsia Hosting Control Panel together with in-depth help articles for common desktop and mobile phone mail clients that will enable you to troubleshoot any problem if you aren't able to send out emails for some reason.
You'll be able to take full advantage of our SMTP server with each and every semi-dedicated server package we offer you. This will allow you to send out emails using webmail, an email program on your PC or phone, or a script on your site. You can begin sending e-mails once you make an account in the Emails section of your Hepsia Hosting Control Panel and that is also the place where you can get the settings you need. It's also possible to check out the help articles in the same section and find out our comprehensive guides on the way to set up an account with the most widely used mail clients. If you ever experience any problem sending email messages, you should check the collection of frequent solutions we've compiled for your convenience. Feel free to use our semi-dedicated servers any time you send regular newsletters to clients since the amount of outgoing emails for these kinds of plans is substantially higher compared with the shared hosting packages.


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Ulster Rugby: Case Study
We recently caught up with staff and players at Ulster Rugby to hear about their experience with Kairos to date and how exactly the platform has contributed to a culture of high performance and the day-to-day running of the club.
Kairos provides elite sport teams with a platform that drives ownership and accountability amongst players and staff. We understand that every player within a team faces their own unique victories and challenges in their elite sport journey, and Kairos helps to remove many of the pain points and difficulties that a player will experience in working towards achieving their goals.
Specifically Kairos allows players to take ownership of their personal schedules removing the noise and distraction that exists with other communication platforms. Bryn Cunningham, Operations Director, spoke of how the Kairos platform "allows the players to book and manage their own appointments on their schedule, doing it live in real-time. It allows them to have their own bespoke dashboard, so while they have all the team events on their schedule, they can also have their own individual ones within that and it just makes life a lot easier and a lot more efficient". Through recognising that elite teams are made up of professional players and athletes coming from different cultures, experiences and setbacks, Kairos eliminates the noise and lets those athletes and players consolidate their performance on the one platform. Focusing on the moment that matters: game-day.
"It allows you to see what your schedule is at the start of the week nice and early, so you can plan your week and where you need to be at certain times, what days you have off, what's your main training session…For me personally, I love that it gives you the start time and where you need to be at certain times so you're arriving on time and you're not late for meetings". Ulster First Team player and Scrum half, Nathan Doak, outlining the simplicity and ease of use of the Kairos platform. With growing demands in the elite sporting environment that drags players and athletes in different directions, having one platform that hosts the essentials is key to fostering and cultivating a high performance environment where players can flourish, knowing the small details have been taken care of with Kairos.
Bryn Cunningham recognised further, the agility of the platform, "I think the great thing about Kairos is it's a one-stop platform. With professional sport your schedule is changing all the time, it's very fluid so that ability to be able to update quickly and get it out efficiently to all your stakeholders is really important and Kairos answers all those problems."
While the 2021-22 season has concluded and friendlies are already in the calendar for the 2022-23 season, we wish the team the best of luck as preparations begin for the incoming season and look forward to being a part of the journey.
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The Fox is a controversial issue with many.
Some see them as a Pest, some see them as welcome visitors.
The main problem has been their population, there are too many? Maybe so, but those who see them solely as a nuisance should maybe understand that their over running of some areas is due to species man himself.
Some people don't take any care in their domestic waste disposal, they overfill bins, leave plastic bags with food in them next to bins and some Authorities are pretty bad at leaving a lot of the Rubbish on the ground and don't take action upon those who make the mess in the first place.
I see them as beautiful creatures and have every right to share the environment with us.
I keep Chickens in the Garden as do many others. I see many folk verbally slaying the Fox for taking their Hens, but if they have done so, it's our fault in not protecting them enough. Chicken's life's are in our hands and like every living being, the Fox has to eat to survive.
Farming is another issue and I don't intend to tell Farmers what they should and shouldn't do!
Being pretty much rural we're not over run with them, but I know they're in my Garden every night; I hear them playing, I hear them mating and I hear them fighting.
The average rural Fox will probably not see further than 3 or 4 years whereas an Urban Fox, because they have more food resources (bins and man's food spillage habits) can obtain 7 years of age.
After Cubs are born between late February and April, then spend the Spring and Summer month's with their parents and in training for leaving home.
They leave, or get pushed out, in late Summer to seek their own territories (no more than3 Cricket Grounds in size). It's during this period you hear more fighting and also observe more road kill.
To the human and indeed to other species, they are not of much use, maybe the reason we don't like them is we can't eat them or put them to work?
So love them or hate them, you have to give them ten out of ten for survival, foraging instincts and the amazing ability they have for out foxing us !!
The hole is about 12" (0.3m) in diameter. The Fox rakes out more soil on a regular basis. Have you Foxes in your Garden and don't realise?
Go to the Animal Droppings Identification page.
PS. Don't worry too much about your Pet Dogs and Cats, they both are very good at seeing any Fox off.


MUMBAI: US car maker, General Motors India on Tuesday announced a recall of 1,01,597 units of Chevrolet Beat diesel hatchback.
The car maker explained that the recall will enable them to inspect and if necessary replace clutch pedal lever, which is susceptible to cracking on continuous use.
The batch pertains to Beat diesel produced between December 2010 and July 2014. The company has started voluntarily notifying owners of the Beat Diesel to take their cars to any of Chevrolet's 248 authorized service centers across India.
"Quality and care are our highest priorities and we are committed to putting customers at the center of everything we do. If we foresee a potential issue, we ensure that it is corrected as soon as possible, as part of our complete commitment to customer satisfaction," the company said in a statement.
This is the third recall announced by a car maker in India within a fortnight. And this is General Motors India's second recall of 2015. In July, the company had recalled 1.55 lakh units of Spark, Beat and Enjoy vehicles to fix problems related to a remote key-less entry accessory that allows opening of cars without a mechanical key. This was company's biggest recall in India.
The affected vehicles will be repaired free of charge at Chevrolet's authorized service centers across the country.
Alternatively, customers can also contact their nearest Chevrolet dealership and schedule an appointment for vehicle inspection and correction. The company is working closely with their service network to make the entire inspection and correction exercise as smooth as possible.


With our efficient, professional lending, why not share our experience with your friends and family?
Know friends or family members who could use our help? Earn £100 for yourself, plus we'll give them £100 too.
Simply contact your local branch with the name and contact details of the friend or family member you would like to recommend.
(ii) the first payment is made by the referred customer on their account by the first due date.
All payments will be made into the direct debit bank account of the referrer / referee. Payment cannot be made into any other bank account.
If you have completed your loan with us within the last 12 months, you still qualify for our Send-a-Friend scheme. Recommend a friend or family member to Everyday Loans and you could both enjoy £100.


By RH Ramsey/ I travel, and by travel, I mean, I am a storyteller. From the moon, to the tide, I weave stories. It is here, in a state that could only be described as dream-like, I want nothing more, than to bring the stars to my fingertips – to pages. As writers, we delve deeper into our ability to take something no one else can see, and submerge ourselves in this unseen element. Then, through this gift, we illuminate the depths of the human experience. From fiction to non-fiction, fantasy to suspense, this is art, and we – writers, artists, creatives – are illumination.
When I am writing, one minute the sun is peeking through the clouds at noon, and what feels like moments later, 3am is waving at me from the moon. I don't remember a time when I counted words or chapters. There hasn't been a time that I can recall, when I put a limit on how many chapters I would complete in a day or week. I have never stopped the flow of a story because, to me, these things are stifling. But I also understand the importance of discipline and structure.
For years, I felt guilty when things I had written about simply flowed, and the topic was one in which I had not immersed myself. I had never experienced what filled the pages of my novels. Now, I realize that this is what empathy is made of. The components of compassion are in understanding that your shadow is no different than my shadow, the blood you bleed is no different than mine, the tears you cry are no different than mine; hurt is hurt, and everyone has been hurt. And isn't all hurt related in some way? If I were to draw a diagram of hurt, would the dots not connect?
Many authors write from experience, for to write what you know is an adage few writers have not heard. It is common sense; it is wise. I admire people who write about only things they know, have experienced, have researched before putting pen to paper. I only want to express that in my experiences, distancing myself from everything I know, brings me closer. There are topics I have researched diligently, but there are also things I write about, that are quite distant from me. Which leads us to the final point.
With empathy, I can draw connections to my book's character, who has perhaps lost her closest friend. No, I have never lost my closest friend but, in those moments, my soul is somehow unaware of this, and my heart is shattering by the second. As I imagine two women – friends – side by side, I know that I will never see my closest friend, again; she is gone, forever. I can hear a eulogy. I can feel my child reaching up to take my hand as I weep. When I say my prayers at night, I will by accident, utter her name, and come crashing back to earth, as I realize she is gone. And when I call her . . . I will have to settle for hearing her on voice mail.
As with all things, there must be a balance. But I can admit, I appreciate travelling, creativity and empathy – all of these things from a distance. It is from a distance, I feel, that I am at my best artistically, creatively. Travelling, collecting stars – prismatic beams – and placing them in the palms of readers' hands.
RH Ramsey is a military wife, mother of two and author with Inknbeans Press. Over the course of nine years, RH has diligently researched topics ranging from but not limited to: relationships, addiction, abuse and mental illness. Ramsey has written several novels, many short stories with many works in progress. Just recently, her novels have found their way into local bookstores, and local library bookshelves. With a passion for people, helping and learning, she hopes to continue in her quest of learning from and inspiring others. Check out her blog and Amazon author page, or follow her on Facebook.


Children's Consignment: 5 Tips to Make Your Closet Purge Work for You!
Consign Like a Pro: How to Get the Most Out of Your Post-Summer Closet Purge!
Kids are back to school so now is the perfect time to do a fall purge!  Since the kids are in school, you can make some money by using a consignment store to sell your kid's clothing and toys, and do an early fall cleaning the before the holidays arrive.
Step One: Try to do a toy and clothing purge with the kids out of the house. If they are in school then it's the perfect time to do it. If not, then send them out with a family member for a couple of hours while you purge the toys. Then, load the cast-off toys into the car and drive straight to the consignment store because if the kids see the toys, they will want them back even if they haven't played with them for six months or so. They don't really care about the clothing as much, but sometimes it's easier to do it while they are not there.
If this strategy isn't your cup of tea, then have the kids help on the weekend. I get the kids to buy into the idea that we need to make room for back to school clothing and before they know it, toys from Santa and family! The kids could even go with you to the consignment shop to open up an account – it could turn into a great lesson about earning and saving money.
Step 2: Take inventory of what your kids really play with. The years of 2-4 are a big jump developmentally and that means for toys too; what they played with when they are 2 needs to go if they are 4 now.  If getting rid of old toys is a little too sentimental for mommy (this was my issue) maybe put the husband on this project. Remind him you are taking the toys to the consignment store to earn money. Cha-Ching!
Step 3: When taking the toys to the consignment store, make sure you have all the pieces and the toy works. If the toy has been kept outside or on a porch, take a moment to wipe it down with a cleaning wipe. Remember the better the clothing and toys look, the more money you will make, so giving the toy and clothing a little extra TLC before dropping them off can increase your profit.
Step 4: During the purge, make a box for charity so you can make this drop off at the same time. There are so many local charities that accept toys. You can have the little ones help you pick one out.
Step 5: Check with your local consignment shop because they tend to have different rules and policies. For instance, some shops don't accept stuffed animals, puzzles over 100 pieces, or electronic items greater than 5 years old. Also confirm when they accept items and what they are currently looking for.
This little bit of work at home will make your consignment experience very pleasurable and can make you some extra cash this fall!
6 Kid-Friendly Restaurants You Need to Try in Tampa Bay!
16 Places in South Tampa Where Kids Eat FREE!


« FORGET FRAXEL, THE DERMAROLLER IS HERE!!
Thank you all, brave men and women in the military, past and present, for your service to this country. My thoughts and prayers go out to you daily and to your families who have the toughest job of all. Having lived in D.C. and operated at Walter Reed Army Hospital, I have had the distinguished honor of having met you and at times, taking care of you. My thoughts and prayers go out daily to our brave troops, and especially on this weekend, to the families and troops who have paid the ultimate price for their country to ensure that freedom rings. No words can express our eternal gratitude, you will never be forgotten.


Through one year of rigorous studying George Borrelli improved his Chinese level from HSK 3 to HSK 6 and was rewarded for his hard work with a trip to Beijing to participate in the national Chinese Bridge Competition. Though Mandarin is difficult to learn, which may be a breaking point for some, we believe that if you stick with it and follow the right steps you too can speak, read, write and understand Chinese in a surprisingly short period of time. Having been officially placed in the top 48 of all foreign students of Mandarin in China George will share with us what he did in order to quickly and effectively improve his speaking.
Speaking more is difficult to do at first. You are scared of making mistakes or not being able to say anything to the other person. If your Chinese level is very low, find someone who can also explain some things to you in English, but also has the patience to let you finish your sentences in Chinese and help you correct mistakes. People should correct your mistakes by repeating your sentence, but by using correct grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, etc. The key is that they shouldn't just correct the one word you got wrong; our brains need to hear the whole sentence over again with the correction in it.
Speaking more means speaking more with native Chinese speakers in Chinese. Many foreigners get too comfortable speaking in their native language to other foreigners or Chinese people. You can't learn Chinese by speaking English, German, etc.! If your Chinese level is good enough to handle it, join some clubs or events in which the participants are all Chinese people. I use a website called Douban to search for events that are going on in Hangzhou. I joined a few clubs: 暴走团 (Walking Club), Toastmasters, etc., and took every chance to host events (Talent shows, MiniTed). Throughout this process, you will become more confident in speaking Chinese and care less about making mistakes while still being able to learn from them, only more quickly.
Last year I stumbled upon Chinesepod, and I think it is the best way to build up your vocabulary. It not only introduced useful new words along with Chinese culture, but it also allows for repetitive exposure of these new words through the use of dialogue and other example contexts which are explained by the hosts. If you can understand the context new words are used in and study sentences in which the word is used in, you will better be able to use the word at the appropriate time. You can even ask your friends to give you some example sentences when they try to explain a new word to you. You can also just listen to people speaking Chinese and try to understand how they use new words or grammar patterns.
Reading out loud improves your pronunciation by forcing you to hear your own voice. If your Chinese level is good enough, you should be able to know if your tone was incorrect or the pronunciation was a little off. Just pick up a book that you can recognize most of the characters in and read. This also helps you to pick up new words through example sentences and contexts while giving the speaking part of your brain a nice stretch.
Singing helps you compare your Chinese pronunciation to that of a native Chinese speaker. If someone mimics a singer, they will learn how to say the words in the right way faster than by only mimicking a speaker. Of course, this method can backfire if you mimic someone with a strange accent, like Jay Chou 周杰伦 (Chinese people can't even understand some of his songs), so find someone with good standard Chinese pronunciation. Also, if you really dislike singing, you can just follow along and repeat the dialogues from Chinesepod, or have conversations in Chinese with yourself out loud when you aren't doing anything. Don't worry about people thinking you are crazy, just put a headphone in one ear and they will think you are on the phone.
Studying words in 'tonal pairs' goes along with the idea of studying new words by using dialogues and example sentences. Tonal pairs are words comprised of two characters that may or may not have the same tones. The key here is that most Chinese words are made up of characters and you will be able to speak with better flow if you study how to say the full word, shifting from the tone of the first character to the tone of the second. You don't even have to study particular words, just study each two character tonal combination: for example words with two characters that are the first tone (蜘蛛,歪曲,etc.), words in which the first character is a third tone, and the second is the second tone (旅游,旅行,etc.). There are only 20 of these combinations, so it is not much to study. John from Chinesepod has written a good post about this on his website.
Improving your Chinese is both easy and hard. It is easy in that there are only a few, simple steps that are easy to follow. The hard part is that you have to put lots of the time into studying, and have to study every day. I firmly believe that anyone can go to Beijing and take part in 汉语桥 if they put in enough time and effort. You can only get out what you put in.
This entry was posted in self-study tips and tagged Chinese, mandarin, pronunciation, self study, speaking, Tonal Pairs, Tones. Bookmark the permalink.


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Gosselin Ukraine - 55 years of experience in 1 office
From their office in Kiev, a team of six employees serves a country that has a population four times that of Belgium and is nearly as large as France. "We can guarantee customers a safe, fast and carefree process, even for the most complex moving projects," according to managing director Vlad Vasylenko.
Gosselin Mobility is also one of the trendsetting companies in the sector in Ukraine. "If you look at the number of moves we handle per year, we are definitely in the top three in Ukraine," according to Vlad. "A large part of our portfolio consists of complex and delicate jobs. This is no coincidence; our team has a total of 55 years of experience and very specialized expertise."
Just like the other Gosselin branches, the Ukraine office has an intricate network at its disposal for arranging moves to every possible country. During the summer period, the Ukraine team's focus is on families. Outside of this season, its main business involves corporate and diplomatic projects. "There are quite a few embassies and international organizations with offices in Ukraine," Vlad continues, "and we are the exclusive provider for some of them."
Kiev as a major junction
The team in Ukraine serves the entire country from the capital of Kiev, and this territory runs from the Black Sea to Belarus, and from Slovakia to Russia. The office is located at an expansive site with warehouses and a customs office. "It has good connections to the most important motorways and railway lines, and the airport is only twenty minutes from here," Vlad explains. "We also have all the loading and unloading equipment we need, even for exceptional transport projects."
The office is staffed by four employees: managing director Vlad, an operations manager, a customs manager and a financial director. They work at the site together with a team manager, a regular truck driver and a list of reliable regular subcontractors. Vlad: "We have been part of Gosselin for 20 years now. This is a major advantage in our international sector. We can offer in-house and integrated services all over the world. Our customers don't have to worry; we take care of everything from A to Z."
In recent years, the European Union signed various cooperation treaties with Ukraine. According to Vlad, the impact of these is slowly making its way into many aspects of life. "You no longer need a visa to travel between the EU and Ukraine, for example. This stimulates tourism and trade from Europe. It's all been fairly slow so far, but maybe I'm just impatient. In our business, you are in contact with people all over the world, and this is one of the best parts of the job for me. Almost all of my contacts who have been living in Ukraine for a while have a positive view of our country. We are all building a stronger economy, step by step."
Gosselin is a leading provider of international moving and relocation services. Our clients are multinationals, relocation management companies, expats, diplomats, military personnel and private persons. Gosselin has 56 offices in 34 countries and has a strong presence in Europe, Eastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Gosselin has its headquarters in Antwerp, Belgium. The company was founded in 1930 and employs 830 co-workers that generate more than 300 million euro in turnover.
Moving to or from Ukraine?
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Our Nursery Unit has excellent facilities and provides a caring and nurturing environment in which children are encouraged to enjoy a range of interesting and developmentally stimulating activities. The Nursery Unit is run by a fully qualified teacher with particular expertise in the early years. We hope that this page will give you a sense of the many positive learning experiences we offer the children in our care.
direct access to all the facilities of the school including PE hall and library.
If you would like any further information, including our applications policy or to arrange a tour of the Nursery, please click here or contact the school office on 028 90301454 to arrange a visit.


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Avstyckning innebär att viss ägovidd av fastighets enskilda mark avskiljs för att utgöra egen fastighet eller ingå i sammanläggning enligt fastighetsbildningslagen.

Avstyckning sker på skriftlig ansökan av fastighetens ägare till lantmäterimyndigheten.

Frågan om avstyckning prövas vid en fastighetsbildningsförrättning där lantmäterimyndigheten består av en förrättningslantmätare samt ibland (i praktiken extremt ovanligt) två gode män. Protokoll ska föras och karta upprättas.

Beslut kan överklagas till den mark- och miljödomstol inom vars domkrets fastigheten är belägen.

Fotnoter

Fastighetsrätt

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Making India Awesome: New Essays And Columns
By Chetan Bhagat (Author)
About the Book :
Love your country?
Want to make it truly great?
Tired of loud debates and complex arguments which lead to no solutions?
Welcome to Making India Awesome.
Following the phenomenal success of his first non-fiction book, What Young India Wants, Chetan Bhagat, the country's biggest-selling writer, returns with another book of essays in which he analyses and provides inspired solutions to the country's most intractable problems—poverty, unemployment, corruption, violence against women, communal violence, religious fundamentalism, illiteracy and more. Using simple language and concepts, this book will enable you to understand the most complex of problems facing the nation today and give you practical solutions on how you can do your part to solve them.
Chetan Bhagat is the author of seven blockbuster books. These include six novels—Five Point Someone (2004), One Night @ the Call Center (2005), The 3 Mistakes of My Life (2008), 2 States (2009), Revolution 2020 (2011), Half Girlfriend (2014)—and the non-fiction title What Young India Wants (2012).
Chetan's books have remained bestsellers since their release. Many of his novels have been adapted into successful Bollywood films. The New York Times called him the 'the biggest-selling English language novelist in India's history'. TIME magazine named him amongst the '100 most influential people in the world' and Fast Company, USA, listed him as one of the world's '100 most creative people in business'.
Chetan writes columns for leading English and Hindi newspapers, focusing on youth and national development issues. He is also a motivational speaker and screenplay writer.
Chetan quit his international investment banking career in 2009 to devote his entire time to writing and make change happen in the country. He lives in Mumbai with his wife, Anusha, an ex-classmate from IIM-A, and his twin boys, Shyam and Ishaan.
About the Book : Love your country? Want to make it truly great? Tired of loud debates and complex arguments which lead to no solutions? Welcome to Making India Awesome. Following the phenomenal success of his first non-fiction book, What Young India Wants, Chetan Bhagat, the country's biggest-selling writer, returns with another book of essays in which he analyses and provides inspired solutions to the country's most intractable problems—poverty, unemployment, corruption, violence against women, communal violence, religious fundamentalism, illiteracy and more. Using simple language and concepts, this book will enable you to understand the most complex of problems facing the nation today and give you practical solutions on how you can do your part to solve them. About the Author : Chetan Bhagat is the author of seven blockbuster books. These include six novels—Five Point Someone (2004), One Night @ the Call Center (2005), The 3 Mistakes of My Life (2008), 2 States (2009), Revolution 2020 (2011), Half Girlfriend (2014)—and the non-fiction title What Young India Wants (2012). Chetan's books have remained bestsellers since their release. Many of his novels have been adapted into successful Bollywood films. The New York Times called him the 'the biggest-selling English language novelist in India's history'. TIME magazine named him amongst the '100 most influential people in the world' and Fast Company, USA, listed him as one of the world's '100 most creative people in business'. Chetan writes columns for leading English and Hindi newspapers, focusing on youth and national development issues. He is also a motivational speaker and screenplay writer. Chetan quit his international investment banking career in 2009 to devote his entire time to writing and make change happen in the country. He lives in Mumbai with his wife, Anusha, an ex-classmate from IIM-A, and his twin boys, Shyam and Ishaan.
Title : Making India Awesome: New Essays And Columns
Author : Chetan Bhagat
Publisher : Rupa Publications India
Number Of Pages : 192
India Positive: New Essays and Selected … By Chetan Bhagat Rs.225
What Young India Wants By Chetan Bhagat Rs.140
Half Girlfriend By Bhagat Chetan Rs.176
Discussion:Making India Awesome: New Essays And Columns


I was in the market for a truck for my Grandson who was turning 16 and came across this Dodge while passing through town. I stopped in and talked to Josh and when he priced me the truck I almost pulled his arm off shaking his hand. Seeing my grandson's face when I pulled up in this truck was priceless and I owe it all to Josh and the guys at Doster Motors in Albertville!
First of all I just want to say that this particular truck was VERY hard for me to find! I stumbled across DosterMotors.com and not only did they have the modern vehicles but they also carried the older square body trucks that southern guys just have to have. I'm not sure which was better betweeen the cars or the service but these guys definitely get 2 thumbs up in my book.
I came across these guys online and called to inquire about this corolla because I needed something reliable to go back and forth to work for my long commute. Josh valued my time and made sure to describe everything the best he could before making my long drive to his dealership. Both the car and the level of service exceeded my expectations and I continue to promote these guys to friends every chance I get! Thanks again!
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Lyla Foy
Mirrors the Sky
by Stephen M. Deusner
On her first full-length, Mirrors in the Sky, London singer-songwriter and producer Lyla Foy's songs are both lush and low-key, intimate and surprisingly intricate. She layers beats generously but carefully, alternating between buoyant and bittersweet.
"Feather Tongue" — Lyla FoyVia SoundCloud
To record her first full-length, Mirrors the Sky, London singer-songwriter-producer Lyla Foy had to leave the city. She hauled her instruments and equipment out into the English countryside, where she recorded herself performing songs on overcast beaches, in deep woods, or in sunny fields. As she told the 405 recently, "One of my trips took me up to the Lake District, and another to the blustery coast of Cornwall, during a storm. There are birds and goats to be heard all over the recordings, if you listen closely." Returning to London, she convened with her bandmates to touch up the recordings with keyboards, drums, and vocals, working to complement the rustic demos while preserving their airy minimalism.
The result might be best described as a digital pastoral: sequences and synthesizers blending with live instruments to create the kind of introverted, outdoorsy reverie most commonly associated with acoustic folk. Foy's songs are both lush and low-key, intimate and surprisingly intricate. She layers beats generously but carefully, alternating between buoyant ("I Only", with its percolating intro) and bittersweet ("Only Human", with its insistent snare tap). Except on the relatively aerodynamic "Feather Tongue", which could easily be remixed into a throbbing dance number suitable for a meadow rave, Foy's concern isn't rhythm but texture and tapestry. The tempos are generally slow and rigid, which fits the general atmosphere of the record and gives you a better opportunity to admire her craft.
Given the various geographies that contributed to these songs, the mood on Mirrors the Sky can be too narrow. When it changes, it moves from gloomy to gloomier, especially on "Rumour", which trudges along on the glummest reggae-dirge beat imaginable. And yet, Foy peppers these songs with enough flourishes to prevent the album from becoming too predictable or claustrophobic. She has an ear for ambient noise: It sounds like someone's rubbing a balloon on "Only I" and who knows what that din is on "No Secrets"? Car keys nervously jangled in a coat pocket? Billiard balls being ground into dust? That the source of the sound is never clear only makes it more ominous.
Over this burbling electronic folk music, Foy writes impressionistic lyrics that prove more inquisitive than confessional, and she sings in a robust and expressive whisper, as though she's letting the listener eavesdrop on a private, unself-conscious moment. Yet, her truest gift may be for writing dreamy, shimmery, extremely catchy hooks that lift these songs out of their depths. Her songs measure the distance between lovers and document her attempts to either erase or create that space. "Am I allowed to love you yet?" she asks on "No Secrets". She doesn't sound angry or hurt; that line isn't rhetorical or accusatory. Instead, she sounds like she's lamenting so many lost opportunities for happiness.
Mirrors the Sky is actually Foy's first release under her own name, after playing for a few years under the pseudonym WALL. Under that guise she was routinely compared to the xx for her downcast gothicisms, but these new songs have more in common with Nick Drake, Vashti Bunyan, Sibylle Baier, and other otherworldly folk artists. (Foy even covered Karen Dalton's "Something on Your Mind" during her WALL days.) It's apt that she tore down the WALL, with all its misleading Pink Floyd associations, for this album: Mirrors the Sky reflects a subtle yet effective refinement of her sound, as she tweaks these elements and influences to create music that is both familiar and idiosyncratic.


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export { CachedFileSystem } from './src/cached_file_system';
export { NgtscCompilerHost } from './src/compiler_host';
export { absoluteFrom, absoluteFromSourceFile, basename, dirname, getFileSystem, isRoot, join, relative, relativeFrom, resolve, setFileSystem } from './src/helpers';
export { LogicalFileSystem, LogicalProjectPath } from './src/logical';
export { NodeJSFileSystem } from './src/node_js_file_system';
export { AbsoluteFsPath, FileStats, FileSystem, PathSegment, PathString } from './src/types';
export { getSourceFileOrError } from './src/util';

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To get affordable art and craft supplies into the hands of people who will use them, create an online community for local artists, and be a source of art information for Sioux Falls.
Like a thrift store, we take in donated, barely used supplies on a daily basis and resell them at a low price, making creating affordable for all. It's a second chance for unused materials and keeps them out of landfills! We offer a range of learning opportunities. From Business Basics for Artists for adults to Creative Reuse Camps for kids, we are passionate about fostering art appreciation and developing creative thinking skills.
JAM is currently seeking lead and assistant instructors in Visual Arts for our summer camp programming. Under supervision of JAM Executive Director, the summer camp instructors perform a variety of duties in coordinating and instructing art classes, camp activities, and supervision of children. Lesson plans are provided, with some leeway for creative improvisation.
One day campers will walk to the art studio of local creative reuse artist Steve Bormes. This walk is a couple blocks from JAM. Other projects will include art, games, and learning about creative uses for unusual materials. A collaborative art installation will be built each week, and will be displayed with a week-ending an art show on Thursday evening for friends and family.
Implementing creative reuse art projects for campers ages 8 through 16 years old.
Supervising groups of children and facilitating activities, and lunch breaks throughout the day.
Walking campers to and from a local artist's studio, making sure to create a safe environment not only when walking, but also while at the studio. Being alert and present at all times.
Strong technical skills in a variety of artistic mediums.
Initiative, self-direction and ability to be flexible and adapt to changes.
Great interpersonal and public speaking skills. Instructors should be engaging and patient in a classroom environment as you act as the face of JAM Art and Supplies.
Attending art reception at week's end, and giving a short welcome/overview/commentary for guests.
Ideal candidate is a current art educator or practicing artist/creative.
Teaching, camp, or child care experience.
Ability to instruct a wide variety of techniques and ages.
This position requires physical effort. Frequent lifting of up to twenty-five pounds. Some bending, stooping and/or lifting will be required.
Please indicate your last name and "Summer Camp Lead Instructor Position" or "Summer Camp Assistant Instructor Position" in the subject line of the email. No phone calls, please. We will respond to those candidates whose qualifications are best aligned with the posted job description.
Chosen candidates will be required to provide proof of licenses, certifications, and education required for this position, and undergo a background check.


text:
Eotaxin and eotaxin-2
Dose-ranging study
Time-course study
Tissue processing, histology, and immunohistochemistry
Neutrophil CCR3 surface and intracellular expression
Whole blood gated autofluorescence/forward scatter (GAFS) assay
Whole blood analysis of CD11b up-regulation
Macroscopic reactions
Cellular infiltration following injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2
Neutrophil CCR3 expression
Research Article| September 01 2002
Eotaxin (CCL11) and Eotaxin-2 (CCL24) Induce Recruitment of Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils, and Macrophages As Well As Features of Early- and Late-Phase Allergic Reactions Following Cutaneous Injection in Human Atopic and Nonatopic Volunteers1
Andrew Menzies-Gow;
Andrew Menzies-Gow
*Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, and
Sun Ying;
Sun Ying
Ian Sabroe;
Ian Sabroe
†Leukocyte Biology, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and
Victoria L. Stubbs;
Victoria L. Stubbs
Dulce Soler;
Dulce Soler
‡Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
Timothy J. Williams;
Timothy J. Williams
A. Barry Kay
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. A. Barry Kay, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London, U.K. SW3 6LY. E-mail address: a.b.kay@ic.ac.uk
Received: February 19 2002
Published: September 01 2002
Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists
Andrew Menzies-Gow, Sun Ying, Ian Sabroe, Victoria L. Stubbs, Dulce Soler, Timothy J. Williams, A. Barry Kay; Eotaxin (CCL11) and Eotaxin-2 (CCL24) Induce Recruitment of Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils, and Macrophages As Well As Features of Early- and Late-Phase Allergic Reactions Following Cutaneous Injection in Human Atopic and Nonatopic Volunteers1. J Immunol 1 September 2002; 169 (5): 2712–2718. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.5.2712
Eotaxin and eotaxin-2, acting through CCR3, are potent eosinophil chemoattractants both in vitro and in animal models. In this study we examined the capacity of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 to recruit eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in vivo in human atopic and nonatopic skin. Skin biopsies taken after intradermal injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Allergen- and diluent-challenged sites were used as positive and negative controls. Eotaxin and eotaxin-2 produced a dose- and time-dependent local eosinophilia of comparable intensity in both atopic and nonatopic individuals. This was associated with an acute wheal and flare response at the site of injection and development of a cutaneous late phase reaction in a proportion of subjects. There was an accompanying decrease in mast cell numbers. Both chemokines also induced the accumulation of basophils and an unexpected early infiltration of neutrophils. Macrophages were prominent at the 24-h point. Although there was surface CCR3 expression on neutrophils in whole blood, we were unable to demonstrate any functional neutrophil responses to eotaxin in vitro. Thus, intradermal injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 in humans induced infiltration of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells as well as changes consistent with CC chemokine-induced mast cell degranulation.
There is a well-known association between the clinical features of atopic asthma and rhinitis and the numbers of eosinophils at the site of allergic inflammation (1). Eosinophil accumulation is partially dependent on the local generation of soluble chemoattractant chemical signals, prominent among which are a family of chemotactic cytokines: chemokines. Chemokines are 8- to 10-kDa proteins that exhibit similar tertiary structures consisting of three β-pleated sheets and a C-terminal α helix. Chemokines are subdivided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of four conserved cysteine residues within the protein (2). In the CC subfamily the first two cysteines are adjacent. Many members of the CC family have been described, which are variously active on T lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes and play important roles in the regulation of many inflammatory diseases.
Guinea pig allergic airways inflammation is associated with the selective recruitment of eosinophils, and using HPLC and microsequencing, the activity responsible for this recruitment was identified as a novel chemokine, named eotaxin (3). Eotaxin causes the rapid accumulation of eosinophils in guinea pig lung (4) and has been identified as an important eosinophil chemoattractant in both mouse and man (5, 6). Eotaxin was initially found to be selective for eosinophils (7), but has now been shown to be chemotactic for basophils (8), Th2 lymphocytes (9), and tryptase-chymase mast cells (10). Eotaxin has important physiological actions beyond chemotaxis, including the induction of eosinophil degranulation (11) and IgE-independent degranulation of basophils (12).
A functional homologue of eotaxin has been described and named eotaxin-2 (13). This chemokine acts on the same receptor as eotaxin and shows the same cellular selectivity, although it is only 39% homologous at the protein level (14). A standardized chemokine nomenclature has recently been introduced, with eotaxin being termed CCL11, and eotaxin-2 being called CCL24. Together these proteins show a potency and selectivity for eosinophils greater than that of any known chemoattractant (15). The exact interplay of these two chemokines in vivo has yet to be elucidated. An early indication of differing roles comes from work examining the allergen-induced cutaneous late phase reaction (16), suggesting that eotaxin has a role in the early recruitment of eosinophils, while eotaxin-2 appears to be involved in eosinophil infiltration at a later time point.
An eotaxin receptor designated CCR3 has been identified and shown to be present in high numbers on human eosinophils (6, 17). Until recently it was believed that both eotaxin and eotaxin-2 only signal via CCR3. However, eotaxin has also been reported to be both an agonist (18) and an antagonist for CCR2 and an agonist for CCR5 (19).
Verification of the biological activity of chemokines in man is difficult, and to date only the CC chemokines RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)3 have been injected into human volunteers. Following RANTES injection a dose- and time-dependent recruitment of eosinophils, CD45RO+ cells, and CD3+ cells was observed (20). Injection of MIP-1α induced significant infiltration of monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils (21). Our present study addresses the biological activities of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 in vivo in man by injecting these chemokines into the skin of atopic and nonatopic volunteers.
This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service trust, and all volunteers gave informed consent. Nine atopic and nine nonatopic volunteers were recruited, aged 18–47 yr. Atopy was defined as the presence of a history of seasonal and/or perennial allergic rhinitis and/or asthma with a positive skin prick test to an aeroallergen in the presence of a positive histamine and negative vehicle control. The absence of atopy in the normal volunteers was described as a negative history plus a negative skin prick testing. Any medication that could interfere with the early or late phase response was discontinued for an appropriate length of time before study entry.
Eotaxin for injection was prepared by Leukosite (Cambridge, MA), using a baculovirus expression system. The chemically synthesized eotaxin-2 for injection was a gift from Dr I. Clark-Lewis (Vancouver, Canada). Both chemokines were shown to be pure proteins by HPLC, and endotoxin testing demonstrated <0.01 Eu LPS/10 μg of chemokine. The chemokines were aliquoted under sterile conditions in the pharmacy of the Royal Brompton Hospital and stored at −80°C prior to use. All chemokine injections were made up under aseptic conditions to a final volume of 50 μL with sterile isotonic saline and used on the same day. Lyophilized allergen extracts of the relevant allergens were obtained from ALK (Aquagen; Horsholm, Denmark) and one batch was used throughout.
The first three atopic and nonatopic subjects participated in a dose-ranging study to determine the doses of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 that produced a significant eosinophil infiltrate without adverse effects. Initially eotaxin was injected into two atopic and two nonatopic volunteers. The following were injected intradermally into the forearm extensor surface: 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg eotaxin and an equal volume of diluent (isotonic saline). The magnitude of any cutaneous reaction was measured after 15, 30, and 60 min and 3 and 6 h. After 6 h all injection sites were biopsied with a 4-mm punch biopsy under 1% plain lignocaine anesthesia. We then repeated the dose-ranging study in one atopic and one nonatopic volunteer, increasing the maximum dose to 10 μg. Following this, we repeated the dose-ranging study with eotaxin-2 in one atopic and one nonatopic volunteer who had previously been injected with eotaxin.
We then performed a time-course study with six atopic and six nonatopic volunteers using the 10-μg dose of eotaxin and eotaxin-2. All volunteers were injected with diluent at one site, with 10 μg eotaxin at three sites, and with 10 μg eotaxin-2 at three sites. The atopic volunteers were also injected with 30 biological units of a relevant allergen at one site. All injections were placed in the extensor aspect of the forearm. The magnitude and the nature of the cutaneous response at the injection sites were measured after 15, 30, and 60 min and 3, 6, and 24 h. Skin biopsies were taken from the eotaxin and eotaxin-2 injection sites after 1, 6, and 24 h. The diluent and allergen injection sites were biopsied after 24 h.
All skin biopsy specimens were divided with a scalpel into two equal parts. Half the biopsy was immediately mounted in OCT (optimum cutter temperature) medium (Bayer, Basingstoke, U.K.) on a cork tile before being snap-frozen in isopentane (BDH, Leicester, U.K.) cooled to nearly freezing with liquid nitrogen. The other half was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (BDH) before mounting in OCT. Sections (8 μm) of the biopsies were captured onto 0.1% poly-l-lysine-coated slides (BDH) before staining.
Eosinophil counts were performed on Congo Red-stained sections as described previously (22, 23). To further characterize the inflammatory cell infiltrate, immunohistochemistry was performed on the sections using a modification of the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique as described previously (16). Briefly, mouse mAbs against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, mast cell tryptase, and neutrophil elastase (all from DAKO, Ely, U.K.) and BB1 (gift from Dr. A. F. Walls, Southampton, U.K.) were used as primary Abs under appropriate conditions. Following incubation with a rabbit anti-mouse secondary Ab (DAKO), alkaline phosphatase-mouse anti-alkaline phosphatase (DAKO) was added before incubation with Fast Red solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, U.K.). Appropriate isotype controls were included in the staining runs.
The number of cells per square millimeter was determined by counting whole sections in a blinded fashion at ×40 magnification with an eyepiece graticule using an Olympus BH-2 microscope (New Hyde Park, NY).
To examine neutrophil surface CCR3 expression, whole blood was obtained by venipuncture, placed into EDTA-containing Vacutainers (BD Biosciences, Mountain View, CA), and processed immediately. One hundred microliters of whole blood was incubated with saturating concentrations of CD16 FITC (BD Biosciences) and CCR3 PE (R&D Systems, Abingdon, U.K.) or a PE-labeled isotype (R&D Systems). RBC were removed with FACSLyse (BD Biosciences) before fixing in 0.5% formaldehyde (BDH) in isoton (Beckman Coulter, High Wycombe, U.K.). Samples were analyzed on a BD FACScan using CellQuest software (BD Biosciences). CCR3 surface staining on neutrophils was measured by first identifying granulocytes by their physical characteristics before analyzing the CD16-positive neutrophil population. Color compensation was performed before each analysis.
To examine surface and intracellular CCR3 expression, neutrophils were purified from 50 ml peripheral blood collected into a heparinized syringe. After dextran (Life Technologies, Paisley, U.K.) sedimentation the granulocyte pellet was collected following centrifugation across a density gradient (Histopaque 1.077; Sigma-Aldrich). Following RBC lysis by osmotic shock the granulocytes were stained as described above for cell surface CCR3. The level of intracellular CCR3 was measured using saponin (Sigma-Aldrich) to allow intracellular staining. The samples were run on a BD Biosciences FACScan and were analyzed using CellQuest software as described above.
The GAFS assay was performed as described previously (24). Briefly, 10-μl aliquots of agonist, IL-8 (CXCL8), or eotaxin (both from PeproTech, Totam Biologicals, Northampton, U.K.) or buffer were placed in each 1.2-ml polypropylene cluster tube. Blood was collected from four volunteers, and 90 μl was immediately added to each aliquot of agonist or buffer in the cluster tubes. The samples were mixed gently and incubated at 37°C for 4 min in a shaking water bath. The tubes were then placed on ice, and 250 μl ice-cold fixative solution (1× Cellfix; BD Biosciences; diluted 1/4 in PBS) was added to each tube for 1 min. The samples were then pipetted into cold NH4Cl and left on ice for 20 min for RBC lysis. Samples were analyzed according to the GAFS protocol using a BD FACSCalibur and CellQuest software.
The effects of eotaxin and IL-8 on CD11b expression on neutrophils were determined as described previously (21). Briefly, 4 ml blood was collected from four volunteers. Blood was prewarmed at 37°C for 5 min before adding increasing concentrations of eotaxin or IL-8 (0.01–1000 nM). After 15 min the tubes were placed into an ice bath, and 1 ml cold PBS containing 2% FCS and 0.2% sodium azide was added. After washing, the cells were stained with saturating concentrations of CD16 FITC and CD11b PE (R&D Systems) or isotype PE (R&D Systems). The level of CD11b expression was then measured on the CD16-positive granulocyte population as described above.
Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test for intragroup comparisons and the Mann-Whitney test for between-group comparisons. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM.
Intracutaneous injection of either eotaxin or eotaxin-2 produced a wheal and flare reaction that peaked at 15 min. The reaction was demonstrable in a dose-dependent fashion at higher concentrations in the dose-ranging study (mean diameters of 7.00 and 17.00 mm following injection of 1 μg eotaxin and eotaxin-2, respectively, and of 17.75 and 25.35 mm following injection of the 10-μg doses). In the time-course study (six atopic and six nonatopic volunteers) there were no differences in the size or intensity of the wheal and flare response in atopic and nonatopics. In the majority of volunteers the cutaneous reaction resolved within 1 h (Fig. 1). However, one nonatopic volunteer developed a cutaneous late phase reaction (mean diameter, 11.5 mm) 6 h after the injection of eotaxin, and five (three atopic and two nonatopic) developed a cutaneous late phase reaction following the injection of eotaxin-2 (mean diameter, 18.0 mm; Fig. 1). The one subject who developed a late cutaneous reaction following the injection of eotaxin also developed a reaction following the injection of eotaxin-2. Thus, a total of five of 12 subjects developed late cutaneous reactions following injection of the chemokines. However, these late phase reactions were smaller than those observed with 30 biological units of allergen (mean diameter, 51.4 mm). No other adverse reactions were observed with eotaxin and eotaxin-2 over the dose range studied (i.e., 0.01–10 μg).
Time course of cutaneous reactions following injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 in atopic and nonatopic volunteers. The cutaneous reaction following intradermal allergen challenge is presented as the mean ± SEM for the six atopic volunteers. The cutaneous reactions following injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 are plotted separately for each volunteer.
Intracutaneous injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 induced a dose-dependent eosinophil infiltrate from 0.01–10.00 μg (Fig. 2). The 10-μg dose was used for the subsequent time-course study in which both chemokines were injected at three sites, and skin biopsies were taken after 1, 6, and 24 h. Eotaxin produced a significant eosinophil infiltrate in atopic and nonatopic subjects within 1 h of injection compared with diluent (Fig. 3). This increased at the 6 and 24 h points, at which time the tissue eosinophilia was of a similar magnitude to that observed following allergen injection in the atopics. Eotaxin-2, at the same concentration, produced a significant, but proportionally smaller, eosinophil infiltrate at all three time points (Fig. 3). Using Congo Red staining there was microscopic evidence of eosinophil degranulation 6 h after the injection of eotaxin, but not with eotaxin-2 (Fig. 4).
Dose-dependent accumulation of eosinophils and neutrophils 6 h after intradermal injection of increasing doses of eotaxin and eotaxin-2. Dil, diluent; ▪, eotaxin; □, eotaxin-2. For 0.01 and 0.1 μg eotaxin, n = 4; for 1 μg eotaxin, n = 6; for 10 μg eotaxin, n = 2; for all doses of eotaxin-2, n = 2. ∗, Values obtained from first two volunteers in the time-course study.
Eosinophil accumulation following the injection of 10 μg eotaxin and eotaxin-2 in atopic (A; n = 6) and nonatopic (NA; n = 6) volunteers. Dil, diluent; All, allergen. ∗, p < 0.05 compared with diluent using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. No significance was found between atopics and nonatopics using the Mann-Whitney test.
Granulocyte accumulation in tissue sections. A–C, Eosinophil accumulation around a blood vessel 1 h after the injection of 10 μg eotaxin (×20, ×40, and ×100 magnification, respectively). C–E, Eosinophil accumulation within the tissues 6 h after injection, with clear evidence of degranulation (×100 magnification; F). G, Persistence of eosinophils after 24 h (×100 magnification). H, Neutrophil accumulation 6 h after the injection of 10 μg eotaxin (×40 magnification). I, Negative control taken from a diluent site at 24 h. Eosinophil sections were stained with Congo Red, and the neutrophil section was stained with neutrophil elastase and a modification of the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique.
There was no difference in the speed of eosinophil infiltration between atopics and nonatopics following the injection of both eotaxin and eotaxin-2 (Fig. 3). As there were no differences for any of the other inflammatory cell types that accumulated, all subsequent data are presented as a combination of both atopic and nonatopic volunteers.
Both eotaxin and eotaxin-2 induced a small, but significant, infiltrate of BB1+ basophils at all three time points (Fig. 5). The basophil numbers were smaller than those observed following allergen injection in the atopic subjects.
Basophil, neutrophil, macrophage, and CD3+ cell accumulation following injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2. ∗, p < 0.05 compared with diluent using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Injection of both eotaxin and eotaxin-2 also induced a significant elastase-positive neutrophil infiltrate at all three time points, comparable to that observed in the atopic individuals following the injection of allergen (Fig. 5). Neutrophil recruitment occurred in a dose-dependent fashion (Fig. 2).
Intradermal injection of both chemokines induced a significant CD68+ macrophage infiltration at the 24 h point, and the magnitude of the infiltrate was comparable to that seen 24 h after injection of allergen in the atopic volunteers (Fig. 5).
There was no significant increase in the number of CD3+ (Fig. 5), CD4+, or CD8+ cells (results not shown) following the injection of eotaxin or eotaxin-2.
There was a decrease in tryptase-positive mast cell numbers following chemokine injection; this reached significance 24 h after the injection of eotaxin-2 (Fig. 6).
Tryptase-positive mast cell numbers following the injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2. ∗, p < 0.05 compared with diluent using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Neutrophils are generally thought to be CCR3 negative, yet were recruited to skin sites injected with eotaxin or eotaxin-2, but not with diluent. To determine whether neutrophils expressed surface CCR3 that was down-regulated during purification, we examined neutrophils within whole blood immediately after venipuncture. We were able to consistently demonstrate low level cell surface expression of CCR3 using flow cytometry (Fig. 7 A) with a mean standard mean fluorescence of 2.05 ± 0.47 (n = 6) in both atopic and nonatopic individuals.
A, Cell surface CCR3 staining of neutrophils in whole blood compared with isotype control. B, Intracellular, but not surface, staining for CCR3 in neutrophils following purification.
Flow cytometric analysis of neutrophils following purification demonstrated no cell surface expression of CCR3. However, following saponization there was a strong intracellular signal (standard mean fluorescence, 58.66; Fig. 7 B).
After demonstrating the presence of surface CCR3 on neutrophils, we attempted to demonstrate functionality in whole blood assays. Analysis of freshly collected peripheral blood samples following incubation with increasing doses of eotaxin failed to show any neutrophil shape change in the GAFS assay. In contrast, IL-8 was effective at inducing neutrophil shape change at physiological concentrations (Fig. 8 A).
A, GAFS assay of neutrophils in whole blood, demonstrating shape change with IL-8, but not eotaxin. B, Incubation of whole blood with IL-8, but not eotaxin, induces CD11b up-regulation on neutrophils.
We also attempted to demonstrate functionality by examining whether incubation of whole blood with increasing concentrations of eotaxin was able to up-regulate the expression of CD11b. There was no evidence of an increase in CD11b on neutrophils after incubation of whole blood with up to 1000 nM eotaxin. However, incubation with IL-8 consistently induced CD11b up-regulation on neutrophils (Fig. 8 B).
We have demonstrated for the first time that both eotaxin and eotaxin-2 induce a significant infiltration of eosinophils and basophils in human volunteers following intradermal injection. In contrast to the findings following intradermal injection of RANTES (20), there were no differences in the rate of inflammatory cell infiltration between atopic and nonatopic individuals following chemokine injection. This lack of differential response may be due to the increased chemotactic potency of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 compared with that of RANTES (15). An alternative explanation is that, as there was no significant eosinophil accumulation until 24 h after the injection of RANTES in normal volunteers, this infiltration was secondary to an indirect signal, unlike the early infiltration seen following the injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2. Previous investigators reported that eotaxin was capable of inducing eosinophil degranulation and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin release (11). At the 10-μg dose, intradermal injection of eotaxin produced histological evidence of eosinophil degranulation with Congo Red staining, in keeping with the previous in vitro findings.
The magnitude of the basophil infiltration was smaller than that observed with allergen (in atopic subjects). This can be explained by the fact that allergen injection induces the release and production not only of eotaxin, but also of many other CC chemokines believed to be important in basophil recruitment, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-4, MIP-1α, and RANTES (25), therefore producing a stronger signal than the injection of eotaxin alone.
The production of an acute wheal and flare and the progression to a late phase reaction following injection were unexpected and were not seen with the injection of RANTES (20) or MIP-1α (21). Tryptase-chymase mast cells are known to express CCR3 (10), and basophils can be induced to degranulate by eotaxin via IgE-independent mechanisms (12). It is therefore reasonable to speculate that eotaxin and eotaxin-2 induce mast cell degranulation via CCR3. Evidence to support this comes from our finding that mast cell numbers decrease up to the 24-h point following chemokine injection. The generation of the cutaneous late phase reaction following chemokine injection is likely to be a sequelae of mast cell degranulation. It is possible that basophils play a role in its development, as eotaxin can induce basophil degranulation (12). However, there was no correlation between basophil recruitment at 6 h and the magnitude of the late phase reaction (results not shown).
The recent report that eotaxin is a ligand for CCR5 (19) may explain the macrophage accumulation that occurred at 24 h. However, infiltrating leukocytes may often be sources of pro-inflammatory chemokines, and it is more likely that the delayed recruitment of macrophages into the tissue reflects secondary processes dependent upon the induction of other chemokines rather than being dependent directly upon the action of eotaxin or eotaxin-2.
The early and significant neutrophil infiltration was unexpected. Given the recent discovery of CCR1 on neutrophils (21), we investigated whether neutrophils in whole blood expressed functional CCR3. Bonnechi et al. (26) have previously demonstrated CCR3 mRNA expression in neutrophils following incubation with IFN-γ, although others have claimed that this was due to eosinophil contamination (27). We were able to demonstrate low level surface expression of CCR3 on neutrophils, which was lost upon purification. A similar phenomenon was seen with CCR1 (21), and here the authors attributed it to chemokine release by platelets activated during the purification process.
Although we did demonstrate CCR3 expression on neutrophils, we found no evidence that it was functional. The GAFS assay is a sensitive marker for response to chemokines (15), and we were unable to demonstrate any neutrophil shape change in whole blood following incubation with physiological concentrations of eotaxin. In contrast, incubation with IL-8 induced significant neutrophil shape change. It is impossible to accurately predict the local chemokine concentration following intradermal injection. We therefore performed the GAFS assay at presumed physiological concentrations of eotaxin; it is possible that higher concentrations of eotaxin were generated in the skin following chemokine injection.
Lee et al. (21) demonstrated functionality of CCR1 on neutrophils by incubating whole blood with MIP-1α and demonstrating CD11b up-regulation on neutrophils. Following a similar protocol we saw no evidence of CD11b up-regulation on neutrophils when incubating whole blood with eotaxin. Incubation with IL-8 consistently induced up-regulation of CD11b as expected.
The rate of neutrophil accumulation following eotaxin and eotaxin-2 injection suggests that it may be the result of a direct chemotactic signal. Our inability to demonstrate any functional CCR3 response suggests that neutrophil accumulation may occur secondary to eotaxin-induced mast cell degranulation with release of neutrophil-specific chemokines such as IL-8. However, there was no correlation between neutrophil accumulation after 1 h and the magnitude of the early cutaneous reaction following the injection of either eotaxin or eotaxin-2 (results not shown). The importance of mast cells in neutrophil accumulation is supported by the findings that human mast cell tryptase induces infiltration of neutrophils in guinea pig skin (28) and also stimulates the release of an IL-8-dependent neutrophil chemotactic activity from HUVEC (29). Work on a mouse model of bullous pemphigoid supports the hypothesis, as mast cells play an essential role in neutrophil recruitment during subepidermal blister formation (30).
We were unable to demonstrate any increase in T lymphocyte numbers following the injection of eotaxin and eotaxin-2. However, because only 1% of peripheral blood lymphocytes express CCR3 (9), it is possible that the changes were too subtle to be identified by immunohistochemistry.
In conclusion, we have demonstrated in vivo chemotactic activity of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 for both eosinophils and basophils in man. We have also demonstrated that eotaxin and eotaxin-2 may play significant roles in perpetuating allergic inflammation by inducing mast cell degranulation and subsequent development of the late cutaneous reaction.
This work was supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust. V.L.S. is supported by National Asthma Campaign Project Grant 99/012, T.J.W. is supported by the National Asthma Campaign, and I.S. is supported by Imperial College of London, and the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom.
Abbreviations used in this paper: MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; GAFS, gated autofluorescence/forward scatter.
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Sabroe, I., A. Hartnell, L. A. Jopling, S. Bel, P. Ponath, J. E. Pease, P. D. Collins, T. J. Williams.
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Ying, S., D. S. Robinson, Q. Meng, L. T. Barata, A. R. McEuen, M. G. Buckley, A. F. Walls, P. W. Askenase, A. B. Kay.
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Daugherty, B. L., S. J. Siciliano, J. A. DeMartino, L. Malkowitz, A. Sirotina, M. S. Springer.
. Cloning, expression, and characterization of the human eosinophil eotaxin receptor.
Martinelli, R., I. Sabroe, G. LaRosa, T. J. Williams, J. E. Pease.
. The CC chemokine eotaxin (CCL11) is a partial agonist of CC chemokine receptor 2b.
Ogilvie, P., G. Bardi, I. Clark-Lewis, M. Baggiolini, M. Uguccioni.
. Eotaxin is a natural antagonist for CCR2 and an agonist for CCR5.
Beck, L., S. Dalke, K. Leiferman, C. Bickel, R. Hamilton, H. Rosen, B. Bochner, R. Schleimer.
. Cutaneous injection of RANTES causes eosinophil recruitment.
Lee, S. C., M. E. Brummet, S. Shahabuddin, T. G. Woodworth, S. N. Georas, K. M. Leiferman, S. C. Gilman, C. Stellato, R. P. Gladue, R. P. Schleimer, et al
. Cutaneous injection of human subjects with macrophage inflammatory protein-1α induces significant recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes.
Grouls, V., B. Helpap.
. Selective staining of eosinophils and their immature precursors in tissue sections and autoradiography with Congo Red.
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Ying, S., Q. Meng, S. Smith, M. Larche, A. B. Kay.
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Bryan, S., P. J. Jose, J. R. Topping, R. Wilhelm, C. Soderberg, D. Kertesz, P. J. Barnes, T. J. Williams, T. T. Hansel, I. Sabroe.
. Responses of leukocytes to chemokines in whole blood and their antagonism by novel CCR3-specific small molecule inhibitors.
Heinemann, A., A. Hartnell, V. Stubbs, K. Murakami, D. Soler, G. LaRosa, P. Askenase, T. J. Williams, I. Sabroe.
. Basophil responses to chemokines are regulated by both sequential and cooperative receptor signalling.
Bonecchi, R., N. Polentarutti, W. Luini, A. Borsatti, S. Bernasconi, M. Locati, C. Power, A. Proudfoot, T. N. Wells, C. Mackay, et al
. Up-regulation of CCR1 and CCR3 and induction of chemotaxis to CC chemokines by IFN-γ in human neutrophils.
Hochstetter, R., G. Dobos, D. Kimmig, Y. Dulkys, A. Kapp, J. Elsner.
. The CC chemokine receptor 3 CCR3 is functionally expressed on eosinophils but not neutrophils.
He, S., Q. Peng, A. F. Walls.
. Potent induction of a neutrophil and eosinophil-rich infiltrate in vivo by human mast cell tryptase: selective enhancement of eosinophil recruitment by histamine.
Compton, S. J., J. A. Cairns, S. T. Holgate, A. F. Walls.
. Human mast cell tryptase stimulates the release of an IL-8-dependent neutrophil chemotactic activity from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
Chen, R., G. Ning, M. Zhao, M. Fleming, L. Diaz, Z. Werb, Z. Liu.
. Mast cells play a key role in neutrophil recruitment in experimental bullous pemphigoid.


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text:
Local Drummer is Searching for his Stolen Kit
by Eric Sandy
Local drummer Andrade Scovil's kit has been stolen, and he's looking for any help he can get in his search.
Scovil, who plays in the local band Intrique, tells Fox 8 that it's a customized Sonor drum kit. "These drums meant everything to me," he said.
As the report goes, Scovil's white Kia was stolen while he was at a gas station on West 150th Street on March 12. The drums were in the back of the car.
Scovil is more concerned about the drums than the car, he says, and he's pleading for the thieves to return the drums — "no questions asked."


text:
Islamism stands for the residue of the Muslim invasion of India spread over several centuries. Its basic tenets are ultimately derived from the teachings of Islam which has so far succeeded in sealing itself off from every shade of empiricism, rationalism, universalism, humanism and liberalism, the hallmarks of Hindu as well as modern Western culture.
Islamism Defined
Fundamentals of Islamism
The Seven-Fold Strategy
The Nexus of Islamism
In the context of India where Islam failed in its mission of lasting conquest and total conversion, these tenets have acquired a singularly sinister and subversive character.
The reference to Islamism indicates the state of Muslims who takes pride in the purity of its Arab, Persian or Turkish descent and do not refer to Indian Muslims in the general context.1 The vast majority of Indian Muslims were converted to Islam by force or allurements. But the conversion did not help them socially or culturally as their status today in India's Muslim society should amply prove. The Muslims of India, therefore, have to be freed from rather than accused of Islamism.
What we mean by Islamism is a self-righteous psychology and a closed cultural attitude which make it impossible for its converts to coexist peacefully and with dignity with other people. There are many Hindus who share several tenets of Islamism. On the other hand, there are many Muslims who are frightened by Islamism and who would gladly join the mainstream of Indian nationalism if they are freed from the whiphand which a minority of theologians, politicians and hooligans has come to wield in their community.
Those who want to know Islamism first-hand and in full measure are referred to Shaikh Sir Mohammed Iqbal's two long poems which he wrote quite early in his career, and which earned for him the title of Allama among the adherents of this cult. These are the Shikwã and the Jawãb-i-Shikwah which Mr. Khushwant Singh has recently published in an English translation.
The Shikwã ends by summing up that "naghmã hindî hai tau kyä, lai tau hijazi hai mirî", that is, "no matter if my idiom is Indian, my spirit is that of Hijaz". Hijaz is that part of Arabia in which Mecca and Medina are situated.
The Jawãb-i-Shikwah ends on a still more strident note. Allah announces to the Allãmã His supreme message for mankind in the following words: "kî wafã tûne muhammad se tau ham tere hai", that is, "if you are faithful to Muhammad, I shall be faithful to you."
Now, there are many Muslims in India who have never heard the name of Iqbal or listened to his muse. And there are many Hindus whose admiration for Iqbal is immeasurable. No, Islamism does not refer to any particular section of Indian society. It refers to that intellectual-or unintellectual-attitude which awards the monopoly of truth and virtue to a particular prophet, and consigns all knowledge to the pages of a particular book.
Taking our cue from Allãmã Iqbal and his lesser cohorts like Altãf Hussain Hãlî, we can safely summarise the credo of Islamism in the following five fundamentals:
That Indian society before the advent of Islam was living in utter spiritual, moral and cultural darkness (jãhilîya) like pre-Islamic Arabia;
That Islam brought to India the only true religion, the only authentic moral values, the only humane culture, and the only progressive social order;
That this civilizing mission of Islam in India could not be completed, as in many other lands of Asia and Africa, due to the intervention of the wily British who cheated Islam of its empire in India, mostly by means of fraud;
That while the creation of Pakistan has been a triumph and consolidation of the power of Islam, west of the Ravi and east of the Hooghly, the conquest of India by Islam remains an unfinished task;
That Islam has a right to use all means, including force, to convert this Dãrul-harb of an India into a Dãrul-Islam, so that a Hakûmat-i-Ilãhiyah could liquidate all traces of jãhilîya and impose the law and culture of Islam.
There are many Hindus like the late Pandit Sunderlal who fully accept the first two fundamentals of Islamism. It is a different matter that their logic fails them at this stage and they do not proceed to the next three fundamentals which follow irrevocably. And there have been many Muslims like the late Rafi Ahmed Kidwai and Justice M.C. Chagla who rejects these fundamentals as repugnant.
Having thus outlined its version of past Indian history, and the apocalypse towards which future Indian history should be forced to travel, Islamism has evolved a strategy in which the Muslims of India are envisaged as a base and an arsenal. Some salient features of this strategy can be outlined as follows:
The Muslims of India, particularly the Muslim intelligentsia, should be sealed off from every shade of rationalism, universalism, humanism and liberalism, and an army of mullahs and maulvis trained in the tenets of Islam should be let loose to brainwash and keep them along the right track;
Every Muslim who does not accept Islamism or dares criticize it or stands for the mainstream of Indian nationalism, away from and above religious differences, should be denounced as a renegade and a legitimate victim for murderous Muslim mobs;
The Muslims should be encouraged to air as many grievances as can be invented, and try to pass off as a down-trodden minority, oppressed, exploited and treated as second class citizens by the "brute" Hindu majority;
These contrived grievances of the Muslims should be used to convert the Muslim community into a compact vote-bank which can function as a balancing factor in as many electoral constituencies as possible, and which can blackmail all non-Islamist political parties to accommodate Muslim candidates or include the maximum measure of concessions to the Muslim community in their election manifestos;
The Muslims should be made to agitate for India's support to all international Islamic causes, right or wrong, legitimate or illegitimate, so that their attention is kept constantly diverted from demands of their own economic, social and cultural condition;
The Muslims should be progressively persuaded and prepared to stage street riots on the slightest pretext, be it a stray pig, or music before a mosque, or Urdu, or the minority character of the Aligarh Muslim University, or a purely personal fracas between toughs belonging to two communities, or the bombing of al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem by an Austrian adventurer, or the hanging of Z.A. Bhutto by President Zia of Pakistan, or the capture of the Ka'ba by some disgruntled faction in Saudi Arabian politics, or some other similar event in the Islamic world at large;
The frequent riots should be used to frighten the Muslims who should then be coaxed to create, consolidate and extend exclusive Muslim enclaves which can be stocked with arms and ammunition, imported or otherwise.
The seven-fold strategy is aimed at the Muslims in India who are to be brainwashed, blackmailed, frightened and forced into the fold of Islamism. Another side of the same strategy has been worked out to neutralise, paralyse and blacken or pamper different sections of Hindu society so that the road is cleared for the forward march of Islamism. Some salient features of this secondary strategy can be outlined as follows:
The concept of Secularism which is enshrined in the Constitution of India and which has become the most sacred slogan for all our political parties should be distorted, misinterpreted and misused to the maximum to block out the least little expression of Hindu culture in the state apparatus and public life of India;
The terms "communal" and "communalism" which have become terms of abuse in India's political parlance, should be carefully cultivated and more and more mystified to malign all those organisations, institutions and parties which do not serve Islamism, directly and/or indirectly;
The accusation of being fascists and anti-secularists should be hurled at all those individuals and organisations who question the exclusive claims of Islam and its culture, who know and tell the truth about Islamic scripture and history, and who see through the Muslim game of grievances;
All praise and support should be extended to those Hindus who go out of their way to champion Islamic causes, national and international, and who see in Islam and its culture those higher values which Islamism claims for them;
All available platforms should be used to defeat and frustrate the emergence of a genuine and positive Indian nationalism by always harping on India's multi-racial, multi-religious, multi-language, multi-national, and multi-cultural character.
Islamism did make some headway among the Muslims in Independent India mostly because the dominant section of Hindu intelligentsia patronized it for various reasons.
The Congress politicians patronized it because they found out very soon that they were in a minority among the Hindus, and that they could survive in power only by combining a solid Muslim vote with whatever Hindu vote they could get.
The Socialists went out of their way to patronize it partly because they harbor an anti-Hindu animus and partly in the hope of securing Muslim vote — a hope which has not as yet come anywhere near fulfillment.
The Gandhians patronized it because they no more remembered that their great Master, Mahatma Gandhi, was a Hindu with a profound faith in Sanãtana Dharma, and because they misunderstood his doctrine of non-violence towards all people, including the Muslims of India, as an endorsement of Islam.
The Communists patronized it because they saw in it a powerful ally in their campaign against Hindu society which they viewed as their main enemy.
The Self-alienated Hindu intellectuals patronized it out of sheer animus towards Hindu society and culture which they were out to damn on any pretext.
Extending patronage to Islamism thus became a pastime for all those who wanted to pass off as large-hearted liberals, progressives and secularists.
But in the absence of local resources and international patronage, the progress of Islamism in India was rather slow. Pakistan, which was its only patron abroad, could not provide much help beyond some hysteria in its mass media and propaganda in international political forums. The several wars which India was forced to fight with Pakistan to the disadvantage of the latter, also inhibited Islamism in India from acquiring the requisite degree of self-confidence.
The use of oil as a political weapon by Islamic countries and the influx of petro-dollars in plenty from several Arab countries, particularly Libya and Saudi Arabia, since the early seventies, has given to Islamism in India a new glow of self-confidence in one sudden sweep. This influx of Arab money is a natural and inevitable phenomenon because, in the last analysis, Islamism is only another name for Arab imperialism which had, at one stage of its history, pillaged and populated with its own progeny many foreign lands and which even today keeps many non-Arab nations spiritually enslaved.
Islamism in India is now busy employing to the maximum advantage the Arab money which is pouring in through many channels and in increasing quantities. Some of these uses are very obvious to the eye. A few salient features of the new scenario can be listed as follows:
The rapid rise of a powerful press, mostly in Indian languages, and many publishing houses to propagate Islamism;
The generous funding of old and the founding of many new maktabs, madrasas and institutes for teaching Islam and training missionaries who are then employed at high salaries for purifying the faith of die Muslim flock and seeking new pastures for converts to Islam;
Buying of land and real estate all around in urban and rural areas by individual Muslims and Islamic institutions and organisations at whatever prices available;
Manufacturing and storing of arms in mosques, Muslim homes and localities and training of Muslim toughs;
Holding of frequent conferences, national and international, and taking out demonstrations in support of every Islamic cause;
Financing Muslim politics and inducing Muslim politicians to infiltrate and ingratiate themselves in every political party, and function from every public platform;
Bribing secularist Hindu intellectuals, scribes public workers and politicians, and buying them up for supporting Islamism, denigrating Hindu culture, and character-assassinating those who oppose Islamism;
Using the lure of money for winning converts to Islam from the weaker sections of Hindu society, particularly the Harijans.
The strategy is nothing new. The self-same strategy had been used by the Muslim League for the carving out of Pakistan. Only the aid and abetment which the British provided at one time have been replaced by the aid and abetment from Arab countries. And in the matter of a mere decade, Islamism in India has assumed the same menacing proportions as it had on the eve of Partition. The parallel should make us pause.
1. K.S. Lal, Indian Muslims: Who Are They, Voice of India, New Delhi, 1990.
1. The Residue of Islamism, Hindu Society Under Siege, Sita Ram Goel, Voice of India
Further reading on the Subject
Muslim Separatism: Causes and Consequences by Sita Ram Goel. All these have been published by Voice of India.
Mohammed and the Rise of Islam by D.S. Margoliouth
Muslim Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab, 1947 by Gurbachan Singh Talib;
Hindu Temples: What happened to Them, 2 Volumes
The Calcutta Quran Petition by Chandmal Chopra;
Jizayah and the Spread of Islam by Harsh Narain;
Macaulayism