text:
define([
    'underscore',
    'contrail-config-model',
    'config/networking/policy/ui/js/models/ruleModel',
    'config/networking/policy/ui/js/views/policyFormatters'
], function (_, ContrailConfigModel, RuleModel, PolicyFormatters) {
    var policyFormatters = new PolicyFormatters();
    var SIDataSource;
    var self;
    var policyModel = ContrailConfigModel.extend({
        defaultConfig: {
            'fq_name':null,
            'display_name': '',
            'parent_type': 'project',
            'network_policy_entries':{'policy_rule':[]},
            'templateGeneratorData': 'rawData',
            'PolicyUUID':'',
            'policyName':'',
            'siModeObjMap': ''
        },
        formatModelConfig: function (config) {
            self = this;
            var modelConfig = $.extend({},true,config);
            modelConfig['rawData'] = config;
            var ruleModels = [];
            var rulesList = modelConfig["network_policy_entries"]["policy_rule"];
            var policyName = getValueByJsonPath(modelConfig, "fq_name;2", "");
            if (policyName != "") {
                modelConfig["policyName"] = policyName;
            }
            if (rulesList != null && rulesList.length > 0) {
                for (var i = 0; i < rulesList.length; i++) {
                    var rule_obj = rulesList[i];
                    rule_obj['direction'] = cowu.deSanitize(rule_obj['direction']);
                    var ruleModel = new RuleModel(rule_obj);
                    this.showHideServiceInstance(ruleModel);
                    ruleModels.push(ruleModel)
                }
            }
            var rulesCollectionModel = new Backbone.Collection(ruleModels);
            modelConfig['PolicyRules'] = rulesCollectionModel;
            modelConfig["network_policy_entries"]["policy_rule"] =
                                                     rulesCollectionModel;
            //permissions
            self.formatRBACPermsModelConfig(modelConfig);
            return modelConfig;
        },
        validations: {
            policyValidations: {
                'policyName': {
                    required: true,
                    msg: 'Enter a valid Policy Name.'
                }
            }
        },
        setModelDataSources: function(allData) {
            self.SIDataSource = getValueByJsonPath(allData,
                    "service_instances_ref", []);
            self.analyzerSIDataSource = getValueByJsonPath(allData,
                    "analyzerInsts", []);
            var policeyRule = (self.model().attributes.PolicyRules).toJSON(),
                policeyRuleLen = policeyRule.length;
            for (var i = 0; i < policeyRuleLen; i++){
                var SI = policeyRule[i].service_instance();
                if (SI != null) {
                    var SIArr = SI.split(cowc.DROPDOWN_VALUE_SEPARATOR);
                    SIArr = this.getApplyService(SIArr, self.SIDataSource);
                    policeyRule[i].service_instance(SIArr);
                }
                if(policeyRule[i].siModeObjMap() != null){
                    policeyRule[i].siModeObjMap(allData.serviceInstModeObj);
                }
            }
        },
        getApplyService: function(applyService, SIDataSource) {
            var applyServiceLen = applyService.length;
            for (var j = 0; j < applyServiceLen; j++) {
                applyService[j] = SIDataSource[applyService[j]];
            }
            return applyService;
        },
        addRule: function() {
            var rulesList = this.model().attributes['PolicyRules'],
                newRuleModel = new RuleModel();
            this.showHideServiceInstance(newRuleModel);
            newRuleModel.siModeObjMap(this.model().attributes.siModeObjMap);
            rulesList.add([newRuleModel]);
        },
        addRuleByIndex: function(data,rules) {
            var selectedRuleIndex = data.model().collection.indexOf(rules.model());
            var rulesList = this.model().attributes['PolicyRules'],
                newRuleModel = new RuleModel();
            this.showHideServiceInstance(newRuleModel);
            newRuleModel.siModeObjMap(this.model().attributes.siModeObjMap);
            rulesList.add([newRuleModel],{at: selectedRuleIndex+1});
        },
        deleteRules: function(data, rules) {
            var rulesCollection = data.model().collection,
                delRule = rules.model();
            rulesCollection.remove(delRule);
        },
        showHideServiceInstance: function(ruleModels) {
            ruleModels.showService = ko.computed((function() {
                if (this.apply_service_check() == true) {
                        return true;
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }), ruleModels);
            ruleModels.showMirror = ko.computed((function(){
                if (this.mirror_to_check() == true) {
                    return (this.mirror_to_check);
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }), ruleModels);
        },

        populateSrcDestAddressReqPayload : function(selectedDomain,
            selectedProject, address, inputAddress) {
            var srcArr = inputAddress.split(cowc.DROPDOWN_VALUE_SEPARATOR),
                vnSubnetObj, subnet;
            address[0] = {};
            address[0]["security_group"] = null;
            address[0]["virtual_network"] = null;
            address[0]["subnet"] = null;
            address[0]["network_policy"] = null;
            address[0]["security_group"] = null;

            if (srcArr.length == 2 && srcArr[1] != 'subnet') {
                address[0][srcArr[1]] =
                    self.getPostAddressFormat(srcArr[0], selectedDomain,
                                         selectedProject);
            } else if(srcArr.length == 2) {
                //parse network and subnet from source subnet string
                vnSubnetObj = policyFormatters.parseVNSubnet(srcArr[0]);

                //network
                if(vnSubnetObj.mode === ctwc.SUBNET_ONLY) {
                    address[0]["virtual_network"] = vnSubnetObj.vn;
                } else {
                    address[0]["virtual_network"] =
                        self.getPostAddressFormat(vnSubnetObj.vn,
                                selectedDomain, selectedProject);
                }
                //subnet
                address[0]["subnet"] = {};
                subnet = vnSubnetObj.subnet.split("/");
                if(subnet.length === 2) {
                    address[0]["subnet"]["ip_prefix"] = subnet[0];
                    address[0]["subnet"]["ip_prefix_len"] = parseInt(subnet[1]);
                }
            }
        },

        configurePolicy: function (mode, callbackObj) {
            var ajaxConfig = {}, returnFlag = true;
            var validations = [
                {
                    key : null,
                    type : cowc.OBJECT_TYPE_MODEL,
                    getValidation : 'policyValidations'
                },
                {
                    key : 'PolicyRules',
                    type : cowc.OBJECT_TYPE_COLLECTION,
                    getValidation : 'ruleValidation'
                },
                //permissions
                ctwu.getPermissionsValidation()
            ];
            if (this.isDeepValid(validations)) {
                var newPolicyData = $.extend(true,{},this.model().attributes),
                    selectedProjectUUID = ctwu.getGlobalVariable('project').uuid,
                    selectedDomain = ctwu.getGlobalVariable('domain').name,
                    selectedProject = ctwu.getGlobalVariable('project').name;
                newPolicyData["fq_name"] =
                    [selectedDomain,selectedProject,newPolicyData.policyName];
                newPolicyData["parent_uuid"] = selectedProjectUUID;
                newPolicyData["parent_type"] = "project";
                var policeyRuleJSON =
                  newPolicyData["network_policy_entries"]["policy_rule"],
                    policeyRuleVal = $.extend(true,{},policeyRuleJSON),
                    policeyRule = policeyRuleVal.toJSON(),
                    newPoliceyRule = [];
                policeyRuleLen = policeyRule.length;
                for (var i = 0; i < policeyRuleLen; i++){
                    newPoliceyRule[i] = {};
                    var ruleUuid = policeyRule[i].rule_uuid();
                    if (ruleUuid != '') {
                        newPoliceyRule[i].rule_uuid = ruleUuid;
                    }
                    newPoliceyRule[i].action_list =
                                      policeyRule[i].action_list();
                    newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.simple_action =
                      (policeyRule[i].simple_action()).toLowerCase();
                    newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.log =
                            (policeyRule[i].log_checked());
                    newPoliceyRule[i].application =
                                      policeyRule[i].application();
                    newPoliceyRule[i].rule_sequence = {};
                    newPoliceyRule[i].rule_sequence.major = -1;
                    newPoliceyRule[i].rule_sequence.minor = -1;
                    newPoliceyRule[i].direction = policeyRule[i].direction();
                    newPoliceyRule[i].protocol =
                                     (policeyRule[i].protocol()).toLowerCase();

                    newPoliceyRule[i].dst_addresses = [];
                    self.populateSrcDestAddressReqPayload(selectedDomain,
                        selectedProject,
                        newPoliceyRule[i].dst_addresses,
                        policeyRule[i].dst_address());

                    newPoliceyRule[i].src_addresses = [];
                    self.populateSrcDestAddressReqPayload(selectedDomain,
                        selectedProject,
                        newPoliceyRule[i].src_addresses,
                        policeyRule[i].src_address());

                    newPoliceyRule[i].src_ports =
                            policyFormatters.formatPort
                                            (policeyRule[i].src_ports_text());
                    newPoliceyRule[i].dst_ports =
                            policyFormatters.formatPort
                                            (policeyRule[i].dst_ports_text());

                    //mirroring
                    if(policeyRule[i].mirror_to_check() === true) {
                        var mirroringOptns =
                            policeyRule[i].user_created_mirroring_optns(),
                            udpPort, routingInstance, jnprHeader, nhMode,
                            nicAssistedVlan,
                            analyzerName = getValueByJsonPath(newPoliceyRule[i],
                                "action_list;mirror_to;analyzer_name",
                                null);
                        if(mirroringOptns === ctwc.ANALYZER_INSTANCE){
                            delete newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.mirror_to;
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"] = {};
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]
                            ["analyzer_name"] = analyzerName;
                        } else if(mirroringOptns === ctwc.NIC_ASSISTED) {
                            nicAssistedVlan = getValueByJsonPath(newPoliceyRule[i],
                                    "action_list;mirror_to;nic_assisted_mirroring_vlan",
                                    null);
                            delete newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.mirror_to;
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"] = {};
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]
                                ["analyzer_name"] =
                                    policeyRule[i].user_created_analyzer_name();
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]
                                ["nic_assisted_mirroring"] = true;
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]
                                ["nic_assisted_mirroring_vlan"] =
                                    Number(nicAssistedVlan);
                        } else {
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]
                            ["analyzer_name"] =
                                policeyRule[i].user_created_analyzer_name();
                            delete newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]
                                ["nic_assisted_mirroring"];
                            delete newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]
                            ["nic_assisted_mirroring_vlan"];
                            udpPort = getValueByJsonPath(newPoliceyRule[i],
                                    "action_list;mirror_to;udp_port", null, false);
                            jnprHeader = policeyRule[i].user_created_juniper_header();
                            nhMode = policeyRule[i].mirrorToNHMode();
                            if(udpPort) {
                                newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]["udp_port"] =
                                        Number(udpPort);
                            }
                            newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"]["nh_mode"] =
                                nhMode;
                            if(nhMode === ctwc.MIRROR_DYNAMIC) {
                                newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]
                                    ["mirror_to"]["static_nh_header"] = null;
                            } else {
                                var vni = getValueByJsonPath(newPoliceyRule[i],
                                        "action_list;" +
                                        "mirror_to;static_nh_header;vni", null, false);
                                if(vni) {
                                    newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]
                                    ["mirror_to"]["static_nh_header"]["vni"] =
                                        Number(vni);
                                }
                            }
                            if(jnprHeader === 'enabled') {
                                newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]
                                ["mirror_to"]["juniper_header"] = true;
                                delete newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]
                                     ["mirror_to"]["routing_instance"];
                            } else {
                                newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]
                                ["mirror_to"]["juniper_header"] = false;
                                routingInstance = policeyRule[i].mirrorToRoutingInstance();
                                if(routingInstance) {
                                    newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]
                                        ["mirror_to"]["routing_instance"] = routingInstance;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        newPoliceyRule[i]["action_list"]["mirror_to"] = null;
                    }

                    if (policeyRule[i].apply_service_check() != true) {
                        newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.apply_service = null;
                    } else {
                        if (policeyRule[i].service_instance() == "" ||
                           policeyRule[i].service_instance().trim() == "" ||
                           policeyRule[i].service_instance() == null) {
                            newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.apply_service = null;
                        } else {
                            newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.apply_service = [];
                            var SIVal = policeyRule[i].service_instance().
                                split(cowc.DROPDOWN_VALUE_SEPARATOR);
                            newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.apply_service = SIVal;
                        }
                    }

                    //QoS
                    if(policeyRule[i].qos_action_check() === true) {
                        newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.qos_action =
                            policeyRule[i].qos();
                    } else {
                        newPoliceyRule[i].action_list.qos_action = null;
                    }
                    delete(policeyRule[i])
                }
                if (policeyRuleLen > 0) {
                    newPolicyData["network_policy_entries"]["policy_rule"] =
                                                           newPoliceyRule;
                    delete(newPolicyData.PolicyRules);
                } else {
                    delete newPolicyData.network_policy_entries;
                }
                if (mode == "add") {
                    newPolicyData["display_name"] = newPolicyData.policyName;
                    delete(newPolicyData.PolicyUUID);
                } else {
                    delete(newPolicyData.parent_uuid);
                }

                //permissions
                this.updateRBACPermsAttrs(newPolicyData);

                delete(newPolicyData.errors);
                delete(newPolicyData.locks);
                delete(newPolicyData.PolicyRules);
                delete(newPolicyData.rawData);
                delete(newPolicyData.policyName);
                delete(newPolicyData.templateGeneratorData);
                delete(newPolicyData.elementConfigMap);
                delete(newPolicyData.siModeObjMap);
                if ('cgrid' in newPolicyData)
                    delete(newPolicyData.cgrid);
                if ('parent_href' in newPolicyData)
                    delete(newPolicyData.parent_href);
                if ('PolicyUUID' in newPolicyData)
                    delete(newPolicyData.PolicyUUID);

                console.log(newPolicyData);
                var postData = {};
                postData["network-policy"] = {};
                postData["network-policy"] = newPolicyData;
                var type = "";
                var url = "";
                if (mode == "add") {
                //create//
                    type = "POST";
                    url = "/api/tenants/config/policys";
                } else {
                    type = "PUT";
                    url = ctwc.get("/api/tenants/config/policy/{0}",
                                   newPolicyData["uuid"]);
                }
                ajaxConfig = {};
                ajaxConfig.type = type;
                ajaxConfig.data = JSON.stringify(postData);
                ajaxConfig.url = url;
                contrail.ajaxHandler(ajaxConfig, function () {
                    if (contrail.checkIfFunction(callbackObj.init)) {
                        callbackObj.init();
                    }
                }, function (response) {
                    console.log(response);
                    if (contrail.checkIfFunction(callbackObj.success)) {
                        callbackObj.success();
                    }
                    returnFlag = true;
                }, function (error) {
                    console.log(error);
                    if (contrail.checkIfFunction(callbackObj.error)) {
                        callbackObj.error(error);
                    }
                    returnFlag = false;
                });

                returnFlag=true;
            } else {
                if (contrail.checkIfFunction(callbackObj.error)) {
                    callbackObj.error(this.getFormErrorText
                                     (ctwl.POLICY_PREFIX_ID));
                }
            }
            return returnFlag;
        },
        getPostAddressFormat: function(arr, selectedDomain, selectedProject) {
            var array = arr.split(":");
            var returnval = null;
            if (array.length == 1) {
                if (String(array[0]).toLowerCase() != "any" &&
                    String(array[0]).toLowerCase() != "local") {
                    returnval = selectedDomain + ":" +
                                selectedProject + ":" +
                                array[0];
                } else {
                    returnval = array[0].toLowerCase();
                }
            } else if(array.length == 3) {
                returnval = arr;
            }
            return returnval;
        },
        deletePolicy: function(selectedGridData, callbackObj) {
            var ajaxConfig = {}, returnFlag = false,
                delDataID = [];
            for (var i = 0; i < selectedGridData.length; i++) {
                delDataID.push(selectedGridData[i]["uuid"]);
            }
            var sentData = [{"type": "network-policy", "deleteIDs": delDataID}];
            ajaxConfig.type = "POST";
            ajaxConfig.data = JSON.stringify(sentData);
            ajaxConfig.url = "/api/tenants/config/delete";
            contrail.ajaxHandler(ajaxConfig, function () {
                if (contrail.checkIfFunction(callbackObj.init)) {
                    callbackObj.init();
                }
            }, function (response) {
                console.log(response);
                if (contrail.checkIfFunction(callbackObj.success)) {
                    callbackObj.success();
                }
                returnFlag = true;
            }, function (error) {
                console.log(error);
                if (contrail.checkIfFunction(callbackObj.error)) {
                    callbackObj.error(error);
                }
                returnFlag = false;
            });
            return returnFlag;
        }
    });
    return policyModel;
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Ветшаный город — древний окольный город Владимира, примыкавший с северо-восточной стороны к Владимирскому кремлю. Находился на узком вытянутом плато в междуречье Клязьмы и Лыбеди. Поскольку эта часть города была расположена ниже Кремля (Печернего города) и Нового города и была таким образом более уязвима, историки считают, что она заселялась позже остальных, а её название (ветшаный означает старый, ветхий) связано скорее со старыми разваливающимися домами городской бедноты. Тем не менее, ряд летописей (Супрасльская летопись, Тверская летопись) намекают на то, что именно Ветшаный город был самой первоначальной частью города, основанный ещё Владимиром Святославичем в X веке.

Ветшаный город соединялся с Печерним городом Ивановскими воротами. С восточной стороны, откуда начиналась дорога на Боголюбово и Нижний Новгород, располагались Серебряные ворота, которые, вероятно, как и Золотые ворота Нового города, были белокаменными.

Примечания

Литература
 Заграевский С. В. Историческая топография домонгольского Владимира. М., 2015
 Мазур Л. Д. Укрепления Кремля и посада Владимира в XVII веке // Академический вестник УралНИИпроект РААСН. № 2, 2012

История Владимира
Окольные города

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There is something that you need to or have recently separated from your life. The head represents your mindset, your ideas, your intellect. That being said, is there an idea or thought you need to separate yourself from? Is someone trying to cut down your intellect?
Can also mean you or someone around you has figuratively lost their mind.


By now you've probably heard of Slingo. It's the slots meets bingo game that originated as a social game on Facebook. Since then it's become a popular game at the Gaming Realms brands. The same company also launched Slingo.com and released variations of the original Slingo game including DOND Slingo, The X Factor Slingo and BGT Slingo!
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On a more positive note, as well as getting an entry into the prize draw you also collect 5 spins on the City Life slot. Note that wins are set at a minimum of 50p and capped at £3. Full wagering terms can be found below.
At the end of the promotion, all qualifiers from participating websites (Wink Bingo, Wink Slots, 888ladies, Posh Bingo, Tasty Bingo, Bingo Loft, Bingo Street and Red Bus Bingo) will be entered into the draw. A total of 376 prizes on offer ranging from £5 to £500. The prizes are paid as cash and wagering terms don't apply.
If you've not tried Slingo or any of the multiple variations then it's worth a look. The qualifier for this promotion isn't particularly conducive to "giving it a go" so you may wish to go direct to Slingo.com. As a new player there you can play occasional free games of Slingo Boom - a multiplayer version of Slingo.
Valid until 29.05.18. Funded players only. Opt in & every £50 wager gives 1 ticket + 5 Free Spins [FS]. £5,000 cash prize is split between 376 winners. Prize draw is on 30.05.18. FS are valid on City Life, for 7 days. FS wins are granted in games bonus after all FS are used, wins are set at min 50p and capped at £3. To withdraw games bonus & related wins, wager 50x the amount of the bonus. Bonus wins are capped at £100, exc. jp wins. Wagering reqs vary by game.


Find innovative and uncommon investment ideas that will help you to accumulate wealth and finance your future needs. Uncover opportunities in non-mainstream and emerging markets.
There has been a lot of effort in reducing CO2 footprint in Denmark. One of the most visible ways to achieve that is the abundance of windmills throughout the country. But how much electricity comes from the wind energy and what the trend is?
Denmark and the Netherlands have some of the highest household debt ratios in the world, reflecting in part low incentives to pay down debt and build housing equity, given significant saving for retirement via the accumulation of assets in fully-funded pension schemes, among other factors.
Denmark is a small Scandinavian country, but its well-developed real estate market, makes it a very interesting case study.
This article is analysis of Danmark housing model - Rental vs Owned property in numbers.
The amount of waste grows globally with the population.
Technology is always one of the widely acclaimed areas for investments. A particular subset of it is robotics industry. The size of the market depends on how we define "robotics". If we are talking about just hardware, the overall market is about $13.1 billion. The industrial robotics market will grow about 6% annually through 2017. There does not seem to be a good consensus estimate for growth in the other robotics markets. However, the general view is that the non-defense portion of the professional service market and the consumer market will experience faster growth than the industrial market. Growth in the consumer market is projected to be especially strong. Applications of robotics that are commonly discussed are telepresence, security, autonomous car to name a few.
Wind energy is a renewable source of energy generation, which has developed a great deal over recent years. Some energy companies and engineering firms are indeed enthusiastic about increasing wind generation, and ensuring advances in generating technology. National governments and international environmental agreements have also increased the demand for sourcing renewable forms of energy.
Recently the International Airline Travel Association released its forecast for 2013-2017. According to the forecast, it is firmly believe that the world will witness a 30% increase in passengers between 2012 and 2017 till 2017, it is expected that total numbers of airline passengers will be rise to 3.0 billion with additional 930 million passengers over 2.97 billion which were carried in 2012. In this matter, the IATA Forecast 2013- is consent outlook for system wise passenger growth.
Interest rates will increase eventually in developed part of world, more likely at start of 2015. Markets are now braced for such possibilities but here's the difficult part, how much they will rise, what will the normal interest rates in post crisis world? What will be rate expectations and emerging markets performance during crisis?
Solar energy is part of the lager green alternative and renewable energies and currently fast trending in the industrial world among other sectors due to challenges arising from pollution and global warming causing variation in climatic change. Solar energy has proved to be much cheaper and more effective. In June this year several organizations and companies have published reports detailing the many aspects of global energy. This article tries to highlight the most crucial points to offer a snapshot-style look at global renewable energy as seen from different sources.
In 2013, the big story was batteries capable of providing green electricity storage for the grid and this technology could be an even bigger story in 2014. Although battery technology is not a new concept, a number of companies have been trying for many years to create new technology generation than can store enough energy for powering businesses and homes. Now, following many years of research, those technologies can finally achieve the performance levels and pricing targets that are necessary for making them competitive.
Liquefied natural gas or LNG is natural gas converted to a liquid form for storage or transport purposes. It is usually transported by ship and stored in large storage terminals. LNG is returned to a gas in a regasification facility.
Are Floating Nuclear Power Plants The Wave Of The Future?
Many people look at nuclear energy like a two-edged sword. There are obvious upsides to nuclear-based power. One such upside is that nuclear power will never run out. Another potentially positive thing about nuclear-based power is that it will reduce the use of fossil fuels, as well as the negative things that come with burning fossil fuels as a power source.
Tables below list REIT for EU and APAC countries.
Railway transport is the most popular mass-transit solution in China.
Aluminium consumption worldwide is expected to continue increasing over the next 10 to 15 years. The growing demand from Asian markets as well as the major application markets automotive, mechanical engineering, construction, packaging or solar will help the lightweight material to achieve continuous growth.
Water companies could be good as long term investment, since it's becoming more and more complex to clean the water, while the general demand is growing.
Russian heavy industry and blue chip companies watch list.


Celebrating its 30th anniversary, AC Schnitzer will give its fans the limited edition ACL2S special tuning range for the BMW M240i. The special tuning package will be launching at the upcoming 2017 Geneva Motor Show in March.
AC Schnitzer has produced only 30 sets of the high-quality base conversion kit. The project kicks off with a performance upgrade with motorsport heritage, taking it from 250 kW/340 hp/500 Nm to a generous 294 kW/400 hp and 600 Nm. The Aachen-based tuning specialists give ACL2S an amazing voice with incredible silencer system made of V2A stainless steel, exhaust flap, connecting pipe and sound pipe.
Additionally, AC Schnitzer has included its fully adjustable RS suspension kit, lowering the car as to the asphalt by approx. 35 – 45 mm at the front and approx. 40 – 50 mm at the rear. The adjustable suspension gives the customer the option to adjust height, compression, and rebound.
The aero kit is also unique – the ten-piece "ACL2S" widening kit ensures an impressive 80 mm wider look at front and rear. A series of carbon fiber upgrades, from a front spoiler and splitter to carbon fiber side mirrors, side skirts, rear roof spoiler and a carbon fiber wing give a dynamic and exclusive driving pleasure. In the lower region, the rear diffuser rounds up the carbon fiber additions.
Talking about interiors, AC Schnitzer remains true to its company philosophy "Beyond the Standard". A host of interior trim pieces have been added, including an aluminum handbrake handle, aluminum pedal set, aluminum footrest (both matt anodized), velours floor mats, special "One of Thirty" badging and a three-spoke leather steering wheel with color-matched stitching. ACL2S is fitted with AC1 Alloys Wheels in BiColor Black/Silver in 19″ which can now be fitted in 8.5J x 19″ with 235/35 R 19 tyres on the front, and 9.5J x 19″ with 265/30 R 19 on the rear.
The entire ACL2S basic conversion kit inclusive of all components, fitting, registration and 19% VAT, comes in at € 35,900.


3onedata is a world's leading provider of industrial communication solutions and services. Since its establishment in 2001, 3onedata has been focusing on industrial communication. It is a national high-tech enterprise integrating industrial communication R&D, manufacturing and sales. It has passed ISO9001 Quality Management System, ISO14001 Environmental Management System, OHSAS18001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Certification. Through independent research, development and innovation, 3onedata has launched thousands of products such as industrial Ethernet switches, PoE switches, media converters, serial device servers, modbus gateways, embedded industrial Ethernet modules, interface converters, protocol converters, and lightning protection devices. It has formed four series of product lines of IE industrial Ethernet switch, DN device networking product, EM embedded Ethernet module and IWN wireless product, and equipped with self-developed application management software.
3onedata products have high reliability and industrial characteristics, and can be widely used in smart grid, intelligent transportation, rail transit, safe city, intelligent buildings, petrochemical, production automation and other industries. The business covers Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, America, Africa, etc. 30 Multiple countries and regions. The market performance has been growing rapidly over 30% for 17 consecutive years. It has developed into a leading brand in the domestic industrial communication field and is the most innovative industrial communication manufacturer in China.
3onedata foresee the great potential Market and in order to serve our Customer Group better, then established NavigateWorx as her branch office. NavigateWorx Technologies provides Products, Services, Solutions and Support to the emerging Machine-to-Machine Industry. Our goal is to assist in your efforts to bring Industrial Projects to life, implement Wireline & Wireless Technology Solutions in your Business to simply keep your Devices, Employees and Business connected. NavigateWorx is a place where even experts get answers.
What have we brought to the world?
Create value for customers. 3onedata has set up several offices throughout the country to build a professional service team that responds in real time to ensure service quality and efficiency. Provide industrial communication products with "stability, safety and reliability" for customers, and develop integrated solutions for the characteristics of transportation, manufacturing, energy, security and other industries. Services reach Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, America, Africa and other overseas markets.
Promote the healthy development of the industry. 3onedata advocates "openness, cooperation and win-win", developing and innovating with partners to enhance the social value of the company. Actively join standard associations, industry organizations and industry alliances, participate in the formulation of industry standards, and build an ecological industry system. Continuously study the pain points of the industry, improve product quality, bring more extreme experience to customers, and open a new era of green and intelligent industrial communication.
Promote economic green growth. 3onedata absorbs talents extensively and promotes employment, builds a green ecological industry chain and brings direct tax contribution to the country. Through developing innovative products and integrated industrial communication solutions, we will promote the intelligent development of various industries, promote economic growth, enhance people's awareness of sustainable development, and advocate green and low-carbon industry development models.
Provide a stage for the strugglers. 3onedata adheres to the talent concept of "Meritocracy, both ability and virtue", assessing employees and selecting cadres with personal contribution and value, providing employees with an international development platform for demonstrating talents, and opportunities for dialogue with the world. Let every employee work hard to improve and shoulder the heavy responsibilities. Through their own efforts and sweat, harvest reasonable returns, achieve life goals and values.
What do we insist on?
3onedata has been focusing on the field of industrial communication for 17 years and insists on self-examination. Try to do our best in every aspect and achieve success through accumulation. Customer-centered, struggle-oriented, chasing the dream forward with original intention.
We will seize the opportunities and face the challenges of the new era, create unprecedented value and development opportunities for customers, employees and business partners, ride the wind and break the waves, raise the sail and start sailing!


Which "Friend" Friends are you?
I took the FRIENDS test.
Highway, you've got a little bit of Chandler going on!
Could you be any more like Chandler? The most lovable wiseguy around, you've got more than a little Bing inside you, don't 'cha? Front and center in your Chandler-ness is that unstoppable wit, keeping everyone in stitches (or at least deflecting uncomfortable situations). And like the Chan-Chan man, you'd never leave your pals out in the cold. But your generosity is so inconspicuous that people often don't even notice it.
Romantically, a soft, sweet, heart and charming, insecurity rule. You might, however, be held back from love by that nagging little fear of, well, growing up. Ya think? But, like the adorable Mr. Bing himself, it's just because you care so much and don't want to let anyone down.


Property Investors Group National Association of Women Property Investors North http://www.nawrei.org/ Get in touch with: Tiffany Steele info@nawrei.org Telephone: (303) 798-5010 When: Tuesday after the Second Monday of every month, 6:00 pm Where: Westin Resort (Hwy. 36 & 104th), Germantown.
Introducing to sell a house Germantown.
Acquiring A House With Bad Credit history If the trustee does not kick out the present owners, you might be accountable to do this. If expulsion is required, you can get in touch with a neighborhood real estate attorney or the region constable for the appropriate treatment.
Investing In Realty For Dummies As the size and complexity of the deal raises, financing choices end up being less eye-catching. The financing choices for bigger apartment buildings (5 or even more units), industrial, retail, industrial, and raw land usually need more money down and/or greater rate of interest as well as loan costs. But advanced investor could delight in higher general returns plus the advantages of much easier monitoring and security from lasting tenants.
This is where a realty agent normally comes in. Making a deal on a home without a realtor or agent to recommend you is possible, yet you likely will want to seek advice from a realty attorney. Deal letters are greater than a note from you to the vendor saying, Hey, can I acquire your residence for this much?
Property Investors Plc If you do not have a solid property background (a lot of brand-new financiers have little experience) after that concentrate on discussing your team such as your property agent, accountant, attorney, professionals, as well as various other experts.
The districts of Germantown have actually experienced a realty boom as of lately, and also the Bronx is no exception. Not to be outdone by its neighboring boroughs, the Bronx has positioned itself to receive a stable circulation of domestic as well as business task. Throughout a year, home worths in the Bronx real estate market enhanced by as long as 7 percent. Home sales in the Bronx are highlighted by several promising locations: Riverdale, Fieldston, Parkchester, Westchester Square, and Castle Hillside, Soundview.
What To Deal On A House It makes no distinction how much cash they take into the house, exactly what they owe on it, or just how much better they believe it is compared to the neighbors. The only thing that matters is exactly what purchasers assume your house deserves in todays market.
These home assessment training educational programs and also building issue checklists are based upon smilar curriculum papers initially prepared by Joe Scaduto, an ASHI member that prepared training course material for Northeastern College's Building Examination Certification program in 1988, ultimately by D Friedman, InspectApedia's editor, for Germantown College TN 1988 and also later, with others, advised to ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
What To Offer On A Home In Today's Market 2014 Council residence - A council house is a federal government developed home to assist individuals on lower incomes have a house. They all utilized to be rented from the government but given that Mrs Thatcher, that protested federal government ownership of anything, the majority of occupants have the choice to purchase relatively inexpensively to assist them hop on your house ownership ladder. Many council residences are relatively huge, for households, however not horribly attractive.
What do you assume I'm mosting likely to do now? You thought it. I will either (A) accept the second purchaser's offer outright, or (B) aim to discuss with the 2nd buyer. Your deal gets placed on the side burner for now. I will certainly inform your representative that we are in the procedure of accepting a greater deal. Translation: "no offer." I'll keep your representative's business card however, simply in situation the various other purchasers fall through at the last minute. Yet you can consider your offer denied.


Gabriela Tonietto joined Rutgers Business School as an Assistant Professor of Marketing in 2017. Tonietto holds a Ph.D. in Marketing and a B.S.B.A. both from Washington University in St. Louis. Her research interests include time perception and consumption, scheduling, and intertemporal preferences. Tonietto's research provides implications for helping consumers to make better decisions about their time as well as for marketers looking to improve consumers' experiences. Her research has been published in the Journal of Marketing Research and has been featured in such media outlets as The New York Times, The Huffington Post, and Health.


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namespace XeroPHP\Models\PayrollAU\Payslip;

use XeroPHP\Remote;

class LeaveAccrualLine extends Remote\Object {

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    /**
     * Number of units for the Leave line.
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     * @property string[] NumberOfUnits
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    /**
     * If you want to auto calculate leave.
     *
     * @property string AutoCalculate
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    /**
     * Get the resource uri of the class (Contacts) etc
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     * Get the root node name.  Just the unqualified classname
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        $this->_data['AutoCalculate'] = $value;
        return $this;
    }

}


text:
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SciCombinator
Discover the most talked about and latest scientific content & concepts.
Concept: Loess Plateau
The WEPP Model Application in a Small Watershed in the Loess Plateau
Published almost 5 years ago
In the Loess Plateau, soil erosion has not only caused serious ecological and environmental problems but has also impacted downstream areas. Therefore, a model is needed to guide the comprehensive control of soil erosion. In this study, we introduced the WEPP model to simulate soil erosion both at the slope and watershed scales. Our analyses showed that: the simulated values at the slope scale were very close to the measured. However, both the runoff and soil erosion simulated values at the watershed scale were higher than the measured. At the slope scale, under different coverage, the simulated erosion was slightly higher than the measured. When the coverage is 40%, the simulated results of both runoff and erosion are the best. At the watershed scale, the actual annual runoff of the Liudaogou watershed is 83m3; sediment content is 0.097 t/m3, annual erosion sediment 8.057t and erosion intensity 0.288 t ha-1 yr-1. Both the simulated values of soil erosion and runoff are higher than the measured, especially the runoff. But the simulated erosion trend is relatively accurate after the farmland is returned to grassland. We concluded that the WEPP model can be used to establish a reasonable vegetation restoration model and guide the vegetation restoration of the Loess Plateau.
Concepts: Sediment, Soil, Erosion, Silt, Surface runoff, Geomorphology, Loess Plateau, Deforestation
Ice-volume-forced erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau global Quaternary stratotype site
The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) utilises benchmark chronostratigraphies to divide geologic time. The reliability of these records is fundamental to understand past global change. Here we use the most detailed luminescence dating age model yet published to show that the ICS chronology for the Quaternary terrestrial type section at Jingbian, desert marginal Chinese Loess Plateau, is inaccurate. There are large hiatuses and depositional changes expressed across a dynamic gully landform at the site, which demonstrates rapid environmental shifts at the East Asian desert margin. We propose a new independent age model and reconstruct monsoon climate and desert expansion/contraction for the last ~250 ka. Our record demonstrates the dominant influence of ice volume on desert expansion, dust dynamics and sediment preservation, and further shows that East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) variation closely matches that of ice volume, but lags insolation by ~5 ka. These observations show that the EASM at the monsoon margin does not respond directly to precessional forcing.
Concepts: China, Erosion, Monsoon, Geomorphology, Loess Plateau, Geologic time scale, Stratigraphy, International Commission on Stratigraphy
Comparing the effect of naturally restored forest and grassland on carbon sequestration and its vertical distribution in the Chinese Loess Plateau.
Vegetation restoration has been conducted in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) since the 1950s, and large areas of farmland have been converted to forest and grassland, which largely results in SOC change. However, there has been little comparative research on SOC sequestration and distribution between secondary forest and restored grassland. Therefore, we selected typical secondary forest (SF-1 and SF-2) and restored grassland (RG-1 and RG-2) sites and determined the SOC storage. Moreover, to illustrate the factors resulting in possible variance in SOC sequestration, we measured the soil δ(13)C value. The average SOC content was 6.8, 9.9, 17.9 and 20.4 g kg(-1) at sites SF-1, SF-2, RG-1 and RG-2, respectively. Compared with 0-100 cm depth, the percentage of SOC content in the top 20 cm was 55.1%, 55.3%, 23.1%, and 30.6% at sites SF-1, SF-2, RG-1 and RG-2, suggesting a higher SOC content in shallow layers in secondary forest and in deeper layers in restored grassland. The variation of soil δ(13)C values with depth in this study might be attributed to the mixing of new and old carbon and kinetic fractionation during the decomposition of SOM by microbes, whereas the impact of the Suess effect (the decline of (13)C atmospheric CO(2) values with the burning of fossil fuel since the Industrial Revolution) was minimal. The soil δ(13)C value increased sharply in the top 20 cm, which then increased slightly in deeper layers in secondary forest, indicating a main carbon source of surface litter. However the soil δ(13)C values exhibited slow increases in the whole profile in the restored grasslands, suggesting that the contribution of roots to soil carbon in deeper layers played an important role. We suggest that naturally restored grassland would be a more effective vegetation type for SOC sequestration due to higher carbon input from roots in the CLP.
Concepts: Carbon dioxide, Soil, Carbon, Vegetation, Grassland, Charcoal, Fossil fuel, Loess Plateau
Loess Plateau storage of Northeastern Tibetan Plateau-derived Yellow River sediment
Marine accumulations of terrigenous sediment are widely assumed to accurately record climatic- and tectonic-controlled mountain denudation and play an important role in understanding late Cenozoic mountain uplift and global cooling. Underpinning this is the assumption that the majority of sediment eroded from hinterland orogenic belts is transported to and ultimately stored in marine basins with little lag between erosion and deposition. Here we use a detailed and multi-technique sedimentary provenance dataset from the Yellow River to show that substantial amounts of sediment eroded from Northeast Tibet and carried by the river's upper reach are stored in the Chinese Loess Plateau and the western Mu Us desert. This finding revises our understanding of the origin of the Chinese Loess Plateau and provides a potential solution for mismatches between late Cenozoic terrestrial sedimentation and marine geochemistry records, as well as between global CO2 and erosion records.
Concepts: Sediment, Sedimentary rock, People's Republic of China, Erosion, Silt, Yellow River, Geomorphology, Loess Plateau
Pacific freshening drives Pliocene cooling and Asian monsoon intensification
The monsoon is a fundamental component of Earth's climate. The Pliocene warm period is characterized by long-term global cooling yet concurrent monsoon dynamics are poorly known. Here we present the first fully quantified and calibrated reconstructions of separate Pliocene air temperature and East Asian summer monsoon precipitation histories on the Chinese Loess Plateau through joint analysis of loess/red clay magnetic parameters with different sensitivities to air temperature and precipitation. East Asian summer monsoon precipitation shows an intensified trend, paradoxically at the same time that climate cooled. We propose a hitherto unrecognized feedback where persistently intensified East Asian summer monsoon during the late Pliocene, triggered by the gradual closure of the Panama Seaway, reinforced late Pliocene Pacific freshening, sea-ice development and ice volume increase, culminating in initiation of the extensive Northern Hemisphere glaciations of the Quaternary Ice Age. This feedback mechanism represents a fundamental reinterpretation of the origin of the Quaternary glaciations and the impact of the monsoon.
Concepts: Earth, Climate, Asia, Monsoon, Pleistocene, Ice age, Glaciology, Loess Plateau
Time-Transgressive Nature of the Magnetic Susceptibility Record across the Chinese Loess Plateau at the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition
The loess stratigraphic boundary at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition defined by the magnetic susceptibility (MS) has previously been assumed to be synchronous with the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2/1 boundary, and approximately time-synchronous at different sections across the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). However, although this assumption has been used as a basis for proxy-age model of Chinese loess deposits, it has rarely been tested by using absolute dating methods. In this study, we applied a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol to the 45-63 μm quartz grain-size fraction to derive luminescence ages for the last glacial and Holocene sections of three loess sections on a transect from southeast to northwest across the CLP. Based on the 33 closely spaced optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples from the three sections, OSL chronologies were established using a polynomial curve fit at each section. Based on the OSL chronology, the timing of the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, as defined by rapid changes in MS values, is dated at ~10.5 ka, 8.5 ka and 7.5 ka in the Yaoxian section, Jingchuan and Huanxian sections respectively. These results are clearly inconsistent with the MIS 2/1 boundary age of 12.05 ka, and therefore we conclude that the automatic correlation of the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, as inferred from the MS record, with the MIS 2/1 boundary is incorrect. The results clearly demonstrate that the marked changes in MS along the southeast to northwest transect are time-transgressive among the different sites, with the timing of significant paleosol development as indicated by the MS record being delayed by 3-4 ka in the northwest compared to the southeast. Our results suggest that this asynchronous paleosol development during the last deglacial was caused by the delayed arrival of the summer monsoon in the northwest CLP compared to the southeast.
Concepts: Southeast Asia, Erosion, Magnetic susceptibility, Yellow River, Section, Loess, Loess Plateau, Absolute dating
Warming-induced northwestward migration of the East Asian monsoon rain belt from the Last Glacial Maximum to the mid-Holocene
Glacial-interglacial changes in the distribution of C3/C4 vegetation on the Chinese Loess Plateau have been related to East Asian summer monsoon intensity and position, and could provide insights into future changes caused by global warming. Here, we present δ(13)C records of bulk organic matter since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from 21 loess sections across the Loess Plateau. The δ(13)C values (range: -25‰ to -16‰) increased gradually both from the LGM to the mid-Holocene in each section and from northwest to southeast in each time interval. During the LGM, C4 biomass increased from <5% in the northwest to 10-20% in the southeast, while during the mid-Holocene C4 vegetation increased throughout the Plateau, with estimated biomass increasing from 10% to 20% in the northwest to >40% in the southeast. The spatial pattern of C4 biomass in both the LGM and the mid-Holocene closely resembles that of modern warm-season precipitation, and thus can serve as a robust analog for the contemporary East Asian summer monsoon rain belt. Using the 10-20% isolines for C4 biomass in the cold LGM as a reference, we derived a minimum 300-km northwestward migration of the monsoon rain belt for the warm Holocene. Our results strongly support the prediction that Earth's thermal equator will move northward in a warmer world. The southward displacement of the monsoon rain belt and the drying trend observed during the last few decades in northern China will soon reverse as global warming continues.
Concepts: Time, Southeast Asia, Earth, Precipitation, Monsoon, Pleistocene, Glaciology, Loess Plateau
Vertical distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms across a soil profile of the Chinese Loess Plateau and their responses to nitrogen inputs
The Science of the total environment
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) oxidize ammonia into nitrite, the first and rate-limiting step of microbial nitrification, and exert major controls over soil nitrogen transformations. The Loess Plateau in northwest China is characterized with deep soils that are often exposed to the surface and reactive nitrogen (N) inputs due to erosion and human removal of the surface soil. However, few have examined the distribution of AOA and AOB along the profile of Loess Plateau soils and their responses to N inputs. We examined the abundance and diversity of AOA and AOB along the soil profile (0-100cm) and their responses to two levels of N inputs (low at 10, and high at 100μgNg-1 soil) in a 55-d incubation experiment. While AOB were most numerous in the surface soil (0-20cm), AOA were most abundant in the subsoils (20-40 and 40-60cm), suggesting a niche differentiation between AOA and AOB along the soil profile. High N input increased AOB nearly ten-fold in the upper two layers of soils (0-20 and 20-40cm) and sixteen to twenty-five fold in the deeper soil layers (40-60, 60-80 and 80-100cm). However, it only increased AOA by 7% (40-60cm) to 48% (20-40cm). In addition, potential nitrification rate and N2O emissions correlated only with AOB. Finally, high N input significantly increased AOB diversity and led to nitrite accumulation in deep soil layers (60-80 and 80-100cm). Together, our results showed that high N input can significantly alter the diversity and function of ammonia-oxidizing microbes in the deep soil of Loess Plateau, suggesting the need to examine the generality of the observed changes and their potential environmental impacts.
Concepts: Archaea, Bacteria, Soil, Nitrogen, Erosion, Microorganism, Soil horizon, Loess Plateau
Spatiotemporal variations in vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau, China, between 1982 and 2013: possible causes and potential impacts
Environmental science and pollution research international
Vegetation is a key component of the ecosystem and plays an important role in water retention and resistance to soil erosion. In this study, we used a multiyear normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset (1982-2013) and corresponding datasets for observed climatic variables to analyze changes in the NDVI at both temporal and spatial scales. The relationships between NDVI, climate change, and human activities were also investigated. The annual average NDVI showed an upward trend over the 32-year study period, especially in the center of the Loess Plateau. NDVI variations lagged behind monthly temperature changes by approximately 1 month. The contribution of human activities to variations in NDVI has become increasingly significant in recent years, with human activities responsible for 30.4% of the change in NDVI during the period 2001-2013. The increased vegetation coverage has reduced soil erosion on the Loess Plateau in recent years. It is suggested that natural restoration of vegetation is the most effective measure for control of erosion; engineering measures that promote this should feature in the future governance of the Loess Plateau.
Concepts: Climate, Soil, Ecosystem, Climate change, Erosion, Silt, Loess Plateau, Deforestation
Characteristics of pulsed runoff-erosion events under typical rainstorms in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau of China
The pulsed events of rainstorm erosion on the Loess Plateau are well-known, but little information is available concerning the characteristics of superficial soil erosion processes caused by heavy rainstorms at the watershed scale. This study statistically evaluated characteristics of pulsed runoff-erosion events based on 17 observed rainstorms from 1997-2010 in a small loess watershed on the Loess Plateau of China. Results show that: 1) Rainfall is the fundamental driving force of soil erosion on hillslopes, but the correlations of rainfall-runoff and rainfall-sediment in different rainstorms are often scattered due to infiltration-excess runoff and soil conservation measures. 2) Relationships between runoff and sediment for each rainstorm event can be regressed by linear, power, logarithmic and exponential functions. Cluster Analysis is helpful in classifying runoff-erosion events and formulating soil conservation strategies for rainstorm erosion. 3) Response characteristics of sediment yield are different in different levels of pulsed runoff-erosion events. Affected by rainfall intensity and duration, large changes may occur in the interactions between flow and sediment for different flood events. Results provide new insights into runoff-erosion processes and will assist soil conservation planning in the loess hilly region.
Concepts: Water, Soil, Erosion, Silt, Surface runoff, Rain, Loess Plateau, Deforestation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


2011-02-17 Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KAM, DONG G., LIU, DUIXIAN, REYNOLDS, SCOTT K.
A chip package includes a plurality of layers including conductive planes connected by vias. The layers include a first portion having an antenna formed therein and a parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism to suppress parallel-plate mode excitation of the antenna. The parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism includes a reflector offset from an antenna ground plane and first grounded vias. A second portion has an interface for connecting to an integrated circuit device wherein the first portion and the second portion are separated by the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism.
The present invention relates to antenna and feed line designs for radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) chip packages, and, more particularly, to chip packaging with integrated antennas or planar phased array designs with high performance antennas and their feed lines for millimeter-wave frequencies and above.
In a wireless network, the connectivity and communication between devices is achieved through antennas attached to receivers or transmitters which radiate signals to/from other elements in the network. In radio communication systems, such as millimeter-wave radios, discrete components are usually assembled with low integration levels. These systems often employ expensive, bulky waveguides and package-level or board-level microstrip structures to interconnect semiconductors and their required transmitter or receiver antennas. Dimensions of these radio communication systems have become smaller, and the integration of antennas with their radio frequency (RF) front-end circuits has become more desirable.
For applications such as wireless USB, the operating distance is limited to about a meter; and a single antenna with about 7 dBi at 60 GHz will provide the necessary antenna gains. For distances as long as 10 meters (such as wireless video) or longer, point to point applications (such as radar) having antenna gains as high as 30 dBi, depending on the application, are required. High gain antennas for wireless video applications have a very narrow beam width; this makes aiming the antenna very difficult for consumers. Therefore, a radiation pattern steerable array (also a phased array) is needed. Phased arrays are widely used in military radars. However, packaging RF chips with integrated antennas or phase arrays is extremely difficult and very expensive due to expensive components and extensive labor.
A chip package includes a plurality of layers including conductive planes connected by vias. The layers include a first portion having an antenna formed therein and a parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism to suppress parallel-plate mode excitation in the package. The parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism includes a reflector offset from an antenna ground plane and first grounded vias. A second portion has an interface for connecting to an integrated circuit device wherein the first portion and the second portion are separated by the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism.
A system includes a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and a package structure including a plurality of layers having conductive planes connected by vias. The package structure has a first portion and a second portion on opposing sides, the first portion including at least one antenna integrated in the package structure, the second portion including pads to bond with the RFIC. A parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism is disposed between the first portion and the second portion to suppress parallel-plate mode excitation of the at least one antenna. The parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism includes a reflector and first grounded vias to at least partially enclose an antenna region. The reflector is preferably vertically and horizontally offset from an antenna ground plane.
A method for suppressing parallel-plate mode excitation for an integrated antenna in a package structure includes forming a first portion of a package structure using substrates with metal layers formed thereon to provide an interface for at least one integrated circuit chip; forming a parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism for the package structure using substrates with metal layers formed thereon, the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism including a reflector and first grounded vias to form a cage structure; forming a second portion of the package structure using substrates with metal layers formed thereon to provide an integrated antenna and laminating the first portion, the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism and the second portion such that the cage structure at least partially encloses an antenna region and the reflector is vertically and horizontally offset from an antenna ground plane.
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram showing a method for fabricating a package structure in accordance with one illustrative embodiment.
In accordance with the present principles, devices, systems and methods are provided for low cost packages with integrated antennas, phased arrays and high performance transmission lines operating in, e.g., the millimeter wave (mmWave) range. The packages with integrated antennas are based on multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) or low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technologies. The packages include a top portion for high performance antennas and a bottom portion interfacing with radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) chips. The packaging technology in accordance with the present principles is consistent with PCB and LTCC manufacturing processes and can be used for packages with an integrated antenna or antenna array.
The phased array architecture in one embodiment can be implemented in thin film technology, printed circuit board (PCB) technology or LTCC technology. One advantage of the architecture is that all antenna elements can be implemented in a planar way and an RFIC module can be packaged with the antenna elements simultaneously. The phased array configurations provide high antenna performance while maintaining easy manufacturability. In one embodiment, a package includes aperture-coupled patch antennas. In another embodiment, a package includes slot antennas.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and devices according to various embodiments of the present invention. It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
It is also to be understood that the present invention will be described in terms of a given illustrative architecture; however, other architectures, structures, substrate materials and process features and steps may be varied within the scope of the present invention.
The circuits as described herein may be part of a design for an integrated circuit or chip assemblies. The designs may be created in a graphical computer programming language, and stored in a computer storage medium (such as a disk, tape, physical hard drive, or virtual hard drive such as in a storage access network). If the designer does not fabricate boards or chips or the photolithographic masks used to fabricate boards/chips, the designer may transmit the resulting design by physical means (e.g., by providing a copy of the storage medium storing the design) or electronically (e.g., through the Internet) to such entities, directly or indirectly. The stored design is then converted into the appropriate format (e.g., GDSII) for the fabrication of photolithographic masks, which typically include multiple copies of the design in question that are to be formed on a wafer or PCB. The photolithographic masks are utilized to define areas of the wafer or board (and/or the layers thereon) to be etched or otherwise processed.
The methods as described herein may be used in the fabrication of integrated circuits and assemblies. The resulting integrated circuits can be distributed by the fabricator in raw wafer form (that is, as a single wafer that has multiple unpackaged chips), as a bare die, or in a packaged form. In the latter case, the chip is mounted in a single chip package (such as a plastic carrier, with leads that are affixed to a motherboard or other higher level carrier) or in a multichip package (such as a ceramic carrier that has either or both surface interconnections or buried interconnections). In any case the chip is then integrated with other chips, discrete circuit elements, and/or other signal processing devices as part of either (a) an intermediate product, such as a motherboard, or (b) an end product. The end product can be any product that includes integrated circuit chips, ranging from toys and other low-end applications to advanced computer products having a display, a keyboard or other input device, and a central processor.
In the present embodiments, chip packages with integrated antennas have two major portions. One portion is provided for implementing antennas and another portion is provided for interfacing with RFIC chips. One problem with conventional designs is that parallel-plate modes may exist in the package due to multiple ground planes. Parallel-plate modes reduce antenna efficiency and increase coupling between antennas. As a result, antenna array performance, especially phased-array performance, deteriorates.
Referring now to the drawings in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements and initially to FIG. 1, a cross-sectional view of a package structure 100 is shown in accordance with one illustrative embodiment. The structure 100 provides a mechanism to suppress or reduce parallel-plate modes and provides more feed line options using a cavity-backed aperture-coupled patch antenna 102. The aperture-coupled patch antenna 102 is implemented on a top section of the package 100. A reflector 104 is grounded with a via or vias V2. The reflector 104 and vias V2 form a cage below an aperture/slot 106 to at least partially surround the antenna area.
Parallel-plate modes are excited by the aperture 106. The parallel-plate modes are strong if the aperture also radiates, which is the case for wideband applications. By placing a cage (using reflector 104 and vias V2) below the aperture 106, parallel-plate modes will be reduced. A spacing Sv (FIG. 2) between V2 vias may be, e.g., less than 0.25 times the wavelength of the antenna operating frequency to prevent RF leakage. RF connections between the antenna 102 and an RFIC chip 108 are vertical coaxial-like transmission lines realized with vias V1 and V1 g. The signal line vias (120) are vertically disposed surrounded by ground vias (V1 g) (see FIG. 2).
The aperture-coupled patch antenna 102 is implemented on a top section of the package 100. The package 100 has at least two ground planes, one ground plane 103 for the antenna in metal layer M1 and another ground plane in metal layer M3 for the reflector 104. A power plane 105 can also function as the reflector for the antenna to reduce the back radiation. The reflector 104 may be implemented somewhere between the power plane 105 and an antenna feed line 107.
The antenna 102 is coupled to the RFIC chip 108 through the antenna feed line 107 which undergoes a vertical transition. The vertical transition (signal via V1) has good performance, since it behaves like a coaxial cable with an outside shield formed with grounded vias, e.g., V1 g.
A package interface to the chip 108 and a printed circuit board (PCB) (not shown) is implemented at a bottom section of the package 100. There are three types of interface pads on the bottom of the package 100: 1) pads 110 connecting chip 108 to package 100, 2) pads 112 connecting package 100 to PCB (not shown), and 3) pads (not shown) connecting chip 108 to PCB.
Via V3 g is a ground plane via, and via V3 p is a power plane via. Via V3 s is a signal via. For array applications, optional metal layer Mo may be employed to reduce package layout complexities. Metal layer M5 is a ground plane for the chip 108. Metal layer M1 is a ground plane for the antenna 102 and aperture/slot 106. Metal layer M0 forms the antenna 102. Metal layer M3 is employed for the reflector 104. Metal layer M6 is employed for pads (110, 112). Metal layers M2, M4 and M6 as well as portions of other metal layers form metal lines and connections between components. It should be understood that a greater number or fewer metal layers and different configurations thereof may be employed within the scope of the present principles. For example, depending on the application, more metal and substrate layers can be added between the power plane M4 and chip ground plane M5.
In one embodiment, printed circuit board (PCB) technology is employed. In that instance, the package 100 may include, e.g., substrate layers Sub0-Sub5 on which the metal layers are patterned and prepreg (or adhesive) layers Prepreg0-Prepreg4. A different number of layers may also be employed.
Referring to FIG. 2, a planar view of the package 100 is shown. The slot 106 and cavity 114 are shown in phantom lines. The spacing Sv between vias V2 is shown. A signal via V1 120 couples a feed line 113 on a different layer to a feed line 107 for the antenna/patch 102. The signal via 120 is surrounded by ground vias (e.g., V1 g) to provide a vertical transition 124.
Referring again to FIG. 1, if the package 100 is manufactured with PCB technology, the package 100 can be made in three stages. In a first stage, metal structures on metal layers M4, optional Mo, M5 and M6 can be made and substrates Sub4, Prepreg4 and Sub5 are laminated together. The plated-through holes (vias V3 g, V3 p, V3 s) are fabricated afterward. This forms L1 b. Metal structures on metal layers M1, M2 and M3 can be made, and substrates Sub2, Prepreg2 and Sub3 are laminated together. The plated-through holes (vias V2) are made afterward. This forms L1 c. A lamination process may be employed to form L1 p.
In a second stage, L1 b, Prepreg3 and L1 c are laminated together, and plated-through holes (vias V1 and V1 g) are made afterward. This forms L2. In a third stage, L2, L1 p (Sub0, Prepreg0, Sub1), and Prepreg1 are laminated together.
To reduce a number of via depth types, via V1 may stop at the antenna ground plane level (M1), instead of at the feed line level (M2), but with an antipad so that the via V1 does not touch the ground plane. In the same way, V3 s stops at the power plane level (M4), instead of at the metal Mo level, but with an antipad so that the via V3 s does not touch the power plane. Via V3 g may stop at the metal layer M5, but may reach the M4 level using an antipad. Alternately, low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) based technology can make embedded vias.
Referring to FIG. 3, a package structure 200 implements aperture-coupled stacked patch antennas 202, 204. In this embodiment, no cavity is employed and the patch 204 is formed on Sub0 in a metal layer Ms. The patch 202 is formed on metal layer M0.
Referring to FIG. 4, if the antenna bandwidth requirement is not critical, a package structure 201 may include a regular aperture-coupled patch antenna 206. Patch 206 is formed on Sub1 in metal layer M0 with no cavity. The package production cost is lowered since no internal cavity is used.
Referring to FIG. 5, other antenna structures may be employed in the package structure of the present principles. A slot or slot loop antenna 210 may be employed, for example.
Referring to FIG. 6, a planar view of a vertical differential transition implementation 300 is illustratively shown. In applications where differential-fed antennas are needed, a vertical differential transition 302 can be accommodated in the present package structure. The differential feed method can be employed with, e.g., the cavity-backed patch antenna of FIG. 1, the stacked patch antenna of FIG. 3, the regular patch antenna of FIG. 4, or the slot (or slot loop) antenna of FIG. 5.
The vertical transition 302 includes a differential feed line 304 from someplace in the package, e.g., on the bottom surface of the package. Differential signal vias 306 carry the signals to differential feed lines 308 which interact with a patch 310 and slots 312 to propagate the differential signal. A cavity 314 and slots 312 are depicted in phantom lines. The vias 306 are surrounded by ground vias 311.
Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, planar views of package structures using slot loop antennas with single-ended (FIG. 7) or differential feed lines (FIG. 8) are shown. A slot loop 412 is shown in phantom lines. A vertical transition 402 includes feed lines 404 from someplace in the package. The vertical transition is surrounded by ground vias 410. Signal vias 406 carry the signals to feed lines 408 which interact with slot loops 412 to propagate the signal. Ground vias 411 surround the slot region as well.
Referring to FIG. 9, a 2×2 (4-element) phased array 500 is shown in accordance with the present principles. The phased array may include any number of elements, but in this example 4 elements are illustratively depicted. All four antennas are in a same package (e.g., package 100 or other package in accordance with the present principles). In this embodiment, the array 500 includes a single RFIC chip 502 with four feed lines 504 to each antenna 506. The antennas 506 include patch antennas in this embodiment although other antennas may be employed. The feed lines 504 connect to a signal via 508, which is surrounded by ground vias 511. The signal via 508 connects to a feed line 510 for each patch antenna 506. As before the patches 506 have a corresponding reflector and vias that form a cage to reduce parallel-plate modes.
Referring to FIG. 10, an illustrative configuration 550 includes the package 100 having an RFIC chip 108 attached along with two PCBs 530 and 532. Pads 534 connecting RFIC chip 108 to PCB 532 through the package 100 are illustratively depicted. If heat is an issue in the configuration 550, a heat sink 536 may be employed and attached to the RFIC chip 108 and/or the PCBs 530 and 532. The PCB's 530 and 532 may be separate PCBs or may be a single PCB (a motherboard or the like).
Referring to FIG. 11, a method for fabricating a package structure with suppressed parallel-plate mode excitation for an integrated antenna is illustratively shown. In block 602, a portion (e.g., a bottom) of a package structure using substrates with metal layers formed thereon is provided. The substrates may include prepregnated boards (epoxy resin boards) or other substrate boards or materials. The boards or substrates include metal layers formed and patterned thereon using known methods. The portion provides an interface for at least one integrated circuit chip. The interface includes pads to connect to the at least one integrated circuit, to connect to an external printed wiring board (e.g., a motherboard), etc. The pads are preferably external to the package and permit the integrated circuit (e.g., RFIC) or PCBs to be connected externally to the package. This obviates the need to form cavities, recesses or other features within the package itself and thereby reduces cost.
In block 604, a parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism is formed for the package structure using substrates with metal layers and vias. In one embodiment, the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism includes a reflector and first grounded vias to form a cage structure. In block 605, the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism preferably includes forming the reflector and the antenna ground plane on separate layers and having a different footprint for the reflector and the antenna ground plane.
In block 606, another (e.g., top) portion of the package structure is formed using substrates with metal layers formed thereon to provide an integrated antenna. The antenna may include a regular patch antenna, a stacked patch antenna, a cavity-backed aperture-coupled patch antenna, a slot antenna, a slot loop antenna, etc. The antenna may include single or differential feed lines. A plurality of antennas may be employed in a phased array.
In block 608, fabricating vias is performed. In one embodiment, plated-via through holes are formed after forming each of the portions, (e.g., top and bottom) and the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism in block 610. In block 612, vias are fabricated/provided as embedded vias using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. In block 614, the first grounded vias include a spacing dependent on an operating wavelength of the antenna, e.g., less than 0.25 times an operating wavelength of the antenna.
In block 616, the portions (e.g., top and bottom) and the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism are laminated such that the cage structure at least partially encloses an antenna region and the reflector is preferably vertically and horizontally offset from an antenna ground plane. In block 618, the at least one integrated circuit chip may include a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), PCB, etc. The RFIC, PCB, etc. may be bonded to bond pads of the bottom portion. In block 620, processing continues, as needed.
Having described preferred embodiments integrated antennas for RFIC package applications (which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting), it is noted that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in the particular embodiments disclosed which are within the scope of the invention as outlined by the appended claims. Having thus described aspects of the invention, with the details and particularity required by the patent laws, what is claimed and desired protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
a second portion having an interface for connecting to at least one integrated circuit device wherein the first portion and the second portion have the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism disposed therebetween.
2. The chip package as recited in claim 1, wherein the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism includes a cage formed to surround at least a portion of an antenna region.
3. The chip package as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one integrated circuit includes a radio frequency integrated circuit chip.
4. The chip package as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one integrated circuit includes a printed circuit board.
5. The chip package as recited in claim 1, wherein the first grounded vias include a spacing dependent on an operating wavelength of the antenna.
6. The chip package as recited in claim 1, wherein the first grounded vias include a spacing of less than 0.25 times an operating wavelength of the antenna.
7. The chip package as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna includes one of a regular, a stacked or a cavity-backed aperture-coupled patch antenna.
8. The chip package as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna includes one of a slot or a slot loop antenna.
9. The chip package as recited in claim 1, further comprising a vertical transmission line connecting a feed line of the antenna to the at least one integrated circuit.
10. The chip package as recited in claim 9, wherein the vertical transmission line includes a signal via, the signal via being surrounded by second ground vias.
11. The chip package as recited in claim 9, wherein the vertical transmission line includes differential transmission lines for a differential antenna.
a parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism disposed between the first portion and the second portion to suppress parallel-plate mode excitation of the at least one antenna, the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism including a reflector and first grounded vias to at least partially enclose an antenna region, the reflector being vertically and horizontally offset from an antenna ground plane.
13. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the second portion includes additional pads to connect to a printed circuit board.
14. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the first grounded vias include a spacing dependent on an operating wavelength of the antenna.
15. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the first grounded vias include a spacing of less than 0.25 times an operating wavelength of the antenna.
16. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna includes one of a regular, a stacked or a cavity-backed aperture-coupled patch antenna.
17. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the antenna includes one of a slot or a slot loop antenna.
18. The system as recited in claim 12, further comprising a vertical transmission line connecting a feed line of the antenna to the RFIC.
19. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the vertical transmission line includes a signal via, the signal via being surrounded by second ground vias.
20. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the vertical transmission line includes differential transmission lines for a differential antenna.
laminating the first portion, the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism and the second portion such that the cage structure at least partially encloses an antenna region and the reflector is vertically and horizontally offset from an antenna ground plane.
22. The method as recited in claim 21, further comprising fabricating plated-via through holes after forming each of the first portion, the second portion and the parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism.
23. The method as recited in claim 21, further comprising fabricating embedded vias using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology.
24. The method as recited in claim 21, wherein the at least one integrated circuit chip includes a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), and the method further comprises bonding the RFIC to bond pads of the first portion.
25. The method as recited in claim 21, wherein forming a parallel-plate mode suppression mechanism includes forming the reflector and the antenna ground plane on separate layers where the reflector and the antenna ground plane have a different footprint.


Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences which are capable of moving from one location to another and represent a large proportion (45%) of the human genome. TEs have functional roles in a variety of biological phenomena such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and aging. Rapid development in RNA-sequencing technology has enabled us, for the first time, to study the activity of TE at the systems level. However, efficient TE analysis tools are not yet developed.
In this work, Baylor College of Medicine researchers have developed SalmonTE, a fast and reliable pipeline for the quantification of TEs from RNA-seq data. The researchers benchmarked their tool against TEtranscripts, a widely used TE quantification method, and three other quantification methods using several RNA-seq datasets from Drosophila melanogaster and human cell-line. They achieved 20 times faster execution speed without compromising the accuracy. This pipeline will enable the biomedical research community to quantify and analyze TEs from large amounts of data and lead to novel TE centric discoveries.
Left Panel: Input from Repbase to build the mapping index, raw FASTQ, and covariates for statistical testing. Middle Panel: The work ow of SalmonTE consists of three parts: building the index based on Repbase or user-input cDNA sequences of TEs, quanti cation based on FASTQ, and statical test through the generalized linear model or differential expression analysis. Right Panel: Example output including the statistical report and box plot on estimated log2 fold-change.


text:
Q: How to get the text from array of textviews then store the getted text in a string array Hi am developing an android application i have a problem like i have 10 textviews i need to get the each and every textview text and store that text in a string array..
Please help me.. thanks in advance..

A: String s = textView.getText().toString();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


David Curle is Director of Technology and Innovation for Thomson Reuters Legal Executive Institute, providing research and thought leadership around the competitive environment and the changing legal services industry.
Thomson Reuters Legal's Director of Market Intelligence, David Curle, recently visited innovation hubs and tech conferences around Europe, including London, Berlin and Amsterdam. He shares his key insights about the people and companies already transforming our industry.
The technology-driven changes in the legal industry have spawned a fascinating network of organisations devoted to legal innovation in all its various forms. If legal practitioners are looking for greater understanding of what's going on at the cutting edge of legal technology, or better yet, want to participate by creating or adopting new technologies for the law, there is no shortage of places to go to feed that interest.


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text:
Fool è un brano musicale interpretato da Elvis Presley, scritto da Carl Sigman e James Last, pubblicato come singolo nel 1973, estratto dall'album Elvis del medesimo anno.

Il brano
Il pezzo è un adattamento da parte del cantautore Carl Sigman di una composizione di James Last, intitolata No Words. Negli Stati Uniti fu pubblicato su singolo come lato B del 45 giri Steamroller Blues.. Nel Regno Unito invece, i due lati del singolo furono ribaltati, con Fool come lato A e Steamroller Blues come B-side. Fool trascorse 10 settimane nella UK Singles Chart, raggiungendo come massima posizione la numero 15 l'11 agosto 1973.

Nella classifica statunitense Billboard Hot 100 il singolo Steamroller Blues / Fool, raggiunse la posizione numero 17 nella settimana del 2 giugno 1973.

Critica
La rivista Billboard recensì il singolo il 7 aprile 1973, definendolo una "forte ballata in stile country rock, seguendo la linea delle altre ballate di successo di Presley." La rivista fece anche notare il "buon potenziale da classifica" dell'altro lato del singolo (Steamroller Blues di James Taylor).

Note

Collegamenti esterni


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Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center recently became the first local hospital to treat carotid artery disease and prevent future strokes using the new TransCarotid Artery Revascularization procedure.
TCAR is used for high surgical risk patients and is clinically proven, minimally invasive and safe approach.
Carotid artery disease is caused by a buildup of plaque within two main arteries in the neck. CAD can often lead to stroke, and there are 400,000 new diagnoses of the disease every year in the United States alone.
TCAR is unique because blood flow is temporarily reversed during the procedure. This allows small bits of plaque that may break off to be diverted away from the brain, preventing a stroke from happening. A stent is then placed inside the artery to stabilize the plaque, minimizing the risk of a future stroke.
"Prior to TCAR, the main treatment option for severe carotid artery disease was open surgical procedure," Sinyard said. "As technology has evolved, the options for treating carotid disease have become better with fewer complications. TCAR is proving to be a superior choice for many patients."