Sophisticated industrial networks, process control systems, and measurement systems equipment can make factories, plant floors, laboratories, and other testing environments more productive and cost-efficient. These processes typically are high-channel count systems with a wide variety of data sources -- I/O devices, valves, gauges, switches, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), fieldbuses, and so on -- which leads to a need for a standard interface to all of this equipment. The OPC Foundation was created to develop this standard and to further increase the connectivity and reusability of test and measurement and process control equipment. The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module adds OPC connectivity, Logos networking technology, and other features to the LabVIEW graphical programming environment to enable the development of large scale control and monitoring applications.
This document provides an overview of the OPC specification, a description of the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module, a summary of other National Instruments products that you can use to implement high-channel count systems, and instructions and tips on how to successfully develop such systems.
The following sections provide a basic overview of the OPC standard's purpose, motivation, and goals, as well as a brief explanation of OLE, COM, and ActiveX.
OPC (OLE for Process Control) is a standard interface between numerous data sources, including devices on a factory floor, laboratory equipment, test system fixtures, and databases in a control room. To alleviate duplication of effort in developing device drivers, eliminate inconsistencies between drivers, provide support for hardware feature changes, and avoid access conflicts in industrial control systems, the OPC Foundation defined a set of standard interfaces that allow any client to access any OPC-compatible devices. Most suppliers of industrial data acquisition and control devices work with the OPC Foundation standard.
OPC allows device-side server and application software -- two separate processes -- to communicate with each other through a standard Microsoft COM interface.
Note: The OPC specification only specifies COM interfaces, not the implementation of those interfaces.
OPC was designed to be a layer of abstraction between the specific device and the program that needs to get information or control that device. The OPC standard specifies the behavior that the interfaces are expected to provide to the clients who use them, and the client receives the data from the interface using standard function calls and methods. Consequently, any computer analysis or data acquisition program can communicate with any industrial device so long as that program contains an OPC client protocol and the device driver has an OPC interface associated with it.
The underlying layer of the OPC specification is based on Microsoft's COM/DCOM technology, which is also known as Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) or more commonly as ActiveX. COM (Component Object Model) and DCOM (Distributed COM) act as interfaces between the client and other system components. In modern operating systems, processes are shielded from each other, and a client that needs to talk to a component in another process cannot do so directly. COM provides an interface communication layer that allows local and remote procedure calls to be made between processes. DCOM or Distributed COM is the natural extension of COM to support communication among objects on different computers -- on a LAN, WAN, or the Internet. COM is referred to as OLE when the application is used to embed documents of one type inside a document of another type. One example of a COM implementation is the ability to create and edit Microsoft Excel spreadsheets within a Microsoft Word document. COM is commonly known as ActiveX when referring to its Internet capabilities. An example of ActiveX is the ability to embed multimedia players within pages on the Web. OPC uses the term OLE because that was the most commonly used term to describe COM when the OPC Specification was defined.
The OPC Specification defines a standard COM interface for use in industrial acquisition and control settings. The specification includes a protocol for defining objects, setting properties on those objects, and standardizing function calls and events. In doing so, OPC accommodates a wide variety of data sources. Device I/O includes data acquisition devices, valves, fieldbuses, and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). The specification also includes a protocol for working with Data Control Systems (DCSs) and application databases, as well as online data access, alarm and event handling, and historical data access for all of these data sources.
Item--contains a unique identifier held within the group that acts as a reference for the individual data source, as well as value, quality, and timestamp information. The value is the data from the source, the quality status gives information about the device, and the timestamp is the time that the data was retrieved.
An OPC application accesses all items through the OPC group rather than through the item itself. The group also contains a specified update rate for the group, which tells the server at what rate to make data changes available to the OPC client. A deadband specified for each group tells the server to reject values if they have changed by less than the specified deadband percentage.
The OPC server also provides alarm and event handling to clients. Within a server, an alarm is an abnormal condition of special significance to the client -- a condition associated with the state of the server or the state of a group or item within the server. For example, if a data source value that represents the real-world temperature of a mixer drops below a certain temperature, then the application can be sent an alarm so that it will be able to properly handle the low temperature. Events are detectable occurrences that are of importance to the server and client, such as system errors, configuration changes, and operator actions.
The OPC Foundation's stated design, goals, and motivation for industry standardization of control systems has enabled the implementation of high-channel count systems that are efficient and user-friendly.
Client software developers and users of these applications have greater flexibility in implementing a solution that is tailored to their needs, because data is organized into groups and the naming, or tagging, of data points is determined by the client software. Grouping is beneficial in dealing with large sets of data sources because it provides greater organization of the data as well as easy reference to similar sets of data. In an OPC application, a tag gives a unique identifier to an I/O point. The OPC Specification leaves the responsibility for naming tags up to the client software, which can either name the tags programmatically or pass that task on to the user. In large systems, meaningful names for data sources improves usability by allowing the operator to choose easy to remember identifiers that can specify the data source by function, hardware name, or other name based on the operator's discretion. This flexibility is a significant factor in the ability of client software to provide solutions that are tailored for high-channel count applications.
Client software also specifies the rate at which the server supplies new data to the client. The server is responsible for data publication, so the client becomes event-driven and can handle large sets of data much more efficiently, because it does not have to poll the data sources to get new data. Instead, the client software becomes a reactive object that waits for new data to arrive. The program does not need to perform time-consuming data polling, which frees up more time for analysis and datalogging.
The client also specifies deadbands on the server, which allows the client to determine what data is important and disregard data that is not significant. Deadband percentages reject values that do not change more than a certain percentage from the previous value recorded. By establishing moderate deadband values, a much greater number of channels can be monitored, because the client only receives information about channels that it deems essential, and it does not get flooded with superfluous information.
The OPC specification enables high performance throughput, a necessity in high-channel count applications. The The Performance and Throughput of OPC white paper on the OPC Foundation website discusses the results of testing a simulated OPC client. The paper shows that OPC technology allows for throughput higher than most client software packages can currently obtain. Throughput is highly dependent on the hardware configuration and the amount of data that can be obtained from the underlying data source. Therefore, OPC is not the bottleneck in throughput in most cases, creating a technology that is able to handle the necessary performance of high-channel count supervisory systems.
Because OPC is now an industry standard, client software can connect to almost every vendor device available. Client software now is compatible with many types of devices, so the software can be designed with large numbers and varieties of devices in mind. These are a few of the many characteristics of OPC that give development software a huge advantage when OPC connectivity is leveraged to implement high-channel count application software.
National Instruments leverages the flexibility and connectivity of OPC in many software products, including LabVIEW, Measurement Studio for Visual Basic, Lookout, connectivity packages for LabWindows/CVI, as well as the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module. In addition to client packages, National Instruments provides OPC servers for a number of hardware products, including DeviceNet, Fieldbus, FieldPoint, and SCXI.
LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module and Lookout are both NI software products that you can use to develop high-channel count monitoring and control applications. Lookout is designed for continuous control to minimize downtime in an automation system, which allows the operator to change the operation of a system or make additions without the system going down. In Lookout, objects are connected to each other and when an object is dropped on the panel, values are immediately generated. This environment is ideal for monitoring and data streaming. However, LabVIEW is often a better choice if you need flexible programming capability. The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module provides the powerful and robust graphical programming environment of LabVIEW as well as added functionality for security, process monitoring and control, and historical logging and retrieval.
The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module is an add-on to LabVIEW, designed to increase development productivity for engineers and scientists who are developing distributed datalogging and supervisory control applications. This module leverages the power of LabVIEW and uses OPC connectivity to create a graphical development environment that you can use to monitor and control any vendor's data source, provided it has an OPC server. OPC provides a standard automation interface, while LabVIEW reduces development time. With automatic logging, alarm and event handling, and easily configured security features, the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module is the ideal programming environment to create high-channel count monitoring, control, and historical storage applications.
The main feature of the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module is the Tag Engine, which runs in a separate process from LabVIEW and is responsible for handling system events and alarms, receiving data from OPC servers, processing the data, updating the real-time database (RTDB), and logging that data to disk using Citadel. The engine maintains an event-driven architecture that waits for events or changes in data before taking any action, which allows for a greater efficiency when dealing with a high number of channels.
The lower end of the Tag Engine supports OPC server communication and Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). The engine itself processes the data based on its current configuration and sends the information to the RTDB -- the shared memory used to communicate with LabVIEW. If specified, the engine also sends the information automatically to Citadel, the historical database. All of the engine settings are made using the Tag Configuration Editor, a utility that allows operators to create SCADA configuration files (SCF) that contain all of the settings for tags, alarms, and events.
When the engine starts, it uses the active SCF to open connections to the tags by creating the specified groups and their sub-items in the server. Both an update rate and a deadband are associated with each group. After the engine creates the group objects, the server is responsible for supplying information about these tags (except for data within the deadband) at the specified update rates. The engine also extracts the alarm data from the configuration file and passes this information to the server, which maintains alarm statuses. These features of OPC allow the Tag Engine to become an efficient, event-driven program that does not have to poll data or spend resources determining whether a value is in an alarm state. The SCF also determines several settings for data processing that occur within the server. Tag Engine processing settings include: scaling ranges for tags, an engine deadband, logging settings such as logging resolution and deadband, queue sizes, and system settings. Scaling and an engine deadband make sure that only significant, correctly scaled information is passed to LabVIEW applications and/or the historical database. A logging deadband allows the operator to log only the most significant data. The logging deadband setting, combined with the logging resolution setting, helps to control the database growth rate. Refer to the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control Module Developer's Manual (linked below) for more detailed explanations or instructions.
The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module also includes a networking technology called Logos, which is a proprietary mechanism developed by National Instruments for inter-process communication between the company's industrial automation products. Logos enhances existing TCP/IP for multi-client/server applications, allowing a system to provide, subscribe, and publish data over a network to all registered computers. This technology allows National Instruments software to adapt to the needs of high performance applications such as the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module.
These architectural highlights help to demonstrate how the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module and its tag-processing engine are designed to handle large channel counts. The connectivity that OPC provides is a large factor, but if the software could not handle the amount of data coming in, that connectivity would be useless. The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module enables connections to a large number of data sources because it is able to effectively eliminate data that is deemed unimportant by controlling deadbands and update rates. The engine can devote the bulk of its resources to processing data and events, because the engine is a separate process from LabVIEW, and the data polling and initial deadbands are handled in the server, not the engine.
The Tag Configuration Editor makes the configuration of tags more efficient, and the ability to export the entire file to a spreadsheet enables easy alteration of all of the tags in the system. Through the configuration file, the Tag Engine can begin monitoring all of the tags at once, eliminating any need for you to go through the laborious process of configuring every tag each time the engine is launched. Instead, configuration files enable the engine to restore settings from a previous session and quickly launch archived configurations.
The development VIs installed with the module further enable you to develop custom applications specially suited to the needs of your system. You can set almost all engine functions and supervisory settings dynamically, including a large portion of the individual tag attributes. This capability gives you tremendous flexibility in developing an application that is highly tailored to your individual application. You also have the option of using HMI wizards that generate typical monitoring and control code automatically, allowing for quick and easy deployment of large-scale applications.
The availability of OPC connectivity, combined with LabVIEW and additional security, monitoring, and other features, allows for the immediate and efficient deployment of large-scale industrial-grade applications. By minimizing development time, LabVIEW enables you to concentrate on the solutions, not the implementation of those solutions.
The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module and Lookout are OPC-oriented and can connect to any device that has an OPC server, making these programs ideal for any industrial monitoring and control setting. National Instruments products used with OPC in data acquisition, industrial automation, data control systems, and lab settings include DeviceNet, Foundation Fieldbus, FieldPoint, and SCXI. National Instruments also offers highly integrated motion and machine vision products, which are another important aspect to many of these systems.
DeviceNet is a low-level network designed to connect industrial devices (sensors and actuators) to higher-level controllers such as PCs, PLCs, and embedded controllers. National Instruments produces DeviceNet interfaces and drivers for all of the major programming environments. DeviceNet focuses on the interchangeability of devices from different vendors most often used in manufacturing applications and enjoys the advantages of a producer-consumer network. National Instruments DeviceNet interfaces can be used to prototype a DeviceNet system or application such as PC-based control, embedded control, or PC-Based HMI.
National Instruments Foundation Fieldbus devices are based on an industrial communication standard for distributed process control applications. The company's primary Fieldbus product, the FP-3000 Fieldbus/FieldPoint network module is an intelligent embedded controller that serves as an interface to FieldPoint distributed I/O products, allowing any FieldPoint device to be controlled through a Fieldbus network. Each FP-3000 network module connects a node of up to nine FieldPoint I/O modules to a Foundation Fieldbus network. The FieldPoint I/O system consists of analog input, analog output, digital input, digital output, relay, and thermocouple modules, and the FP-3000 includes firmware that can instantiate all of these function blocks as well as PID. The FP-3000 also serves as the link active scheduler that manages the Fieldbus network.
FieldPoint is National Instruments line of distributed I/O products and features almost all types of I/O, hot plug and play capability, and high-level configuration software, including VI toolkits for LabVIEW. These devices are used for remote data acquisition over a variety of network protocols, including Ethernet TCP/IP, RS-232/485 (serial), and Foundation Fieldbus. Any FieldPoint module can connect to any of the network devices described in this document and can also communicate with a server. FieldPoint also provides an OPC server designed for connectivity over serial and Ethernet networks.
FieldPoint is a distributed, modular, economical solution that has easy-to-use configuration software that makes it an ideal candidate for high-channel count applications by putting the equipment where the signals are: in the field.
SCXI is National Instruments line of signal conditioning equipment designed to provide gain, amplification, dampening, and other signal conditioning to scale extreme values to a noticeable or safe level for DAQ devices. As a modular signal conditioning system, each module is designed to support specific sensors or signal types or to provide specialized signal conditioning. With this flexible design, you choose which modules are needed for your application, slide them into an SCXI chassis, and connect the system to a data acquisition (DAQ) device in a PC-based test system.
One of the advantages of SCXI is the ability to multiplex signals from multiple chassis containing SCXI modules into a single DAQ device, which allows for dense, high counts of channels to be controlled and monitored easily from one DAQ device on one PC-based system.
SCXI is used in applications where the signals tend to be concentrated into focal areas. Examples of these types of applications are the hundreds of strain gauges necessary to analyze test aircraft or the multitude of thermocouples necessary to evaluate the cooling system on a car. An OPC server leverages the DAQ drivers for SCXI in order to satisfy the industrial applications that require OPC functionality, and the OPC server allows for monitoring and control with the Tag Engine of the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module.
The industrial devices that National Instruments provides are ideal for creating high-channel count systems or adding functionality to existing ones. FieldPoint is ideal for distributed measurements on industrial networks, and SCXI is ideal for more concentrated acquisition or control.
After selecting the new hardware products you need to create and/or improve your system and deciding on the best-suited software package, you are ready to build your application. National Instruments software makes this process straightforward by providing a highly integrated product line and intuitive and easy-to-use software. The following sections describe how to build a high-channel count application with the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module. This document does not describe how to configure new Fieldbus or DeviceNet devices. If this is a requirement of your application, refer to your user documentation to get started with the applicable protocol and then start the building process at the Configure Tag Settings section of this document. This guide is an outline only to the software process. For detailed instructions on external signal connection or intricacies of the configuration or development software, refer to the device or software documentation.
Use National Instruments Measurement & Automation Explorer to configure the DAQ devices in your system. Most of the equipment will be recognized automatically, but the SCXI chassis will need to be added manually. Refer to the product documentation for specific steps for adding the SCXI chassis.
Measurement & Automation Explorer lets you define virtual channels for your devices -- creative names for data sources as well as the option to scale the channel data to a real world value. The OPC server uses these virtual channels when connecting to the data sources on the DAQ or SCXI hardware. Therefore, the first thing to do when you are building a high-channel count system with SCXI products is to create and configure the virtual channels with Measurement & Automation Explorer.
Right-click the Data Neighborhood icon in Measurement & Automation Explorer and select Create New from the shortcut menu. Follow the steps of the Channel Wizard to create a new virtual channel. The wizard will ask for the name for the virtual channel, the data source, and the scaling factor.
Multiple DAQ configurations can be saved using the save configuration feature of Measurement & Automation Explorer. Measurement & Automation Explorer saves files in a somewhat counter-intuitive manner in that you must save a new configuration before you modify it because any changes you make to the configuration are immediately saved to the current file.
Virtual channels can be duplicated with their channel reference and name incremented with each successive duplicate. Take advantage of this feature of virtual channels to configure channels swiftly.
Remember to set the scales for a channel before you duplicate it.
Choose a naming convention for the tags so that you can easily remember and reference them.
Remember that the more channels are created, the more the drivers must process. If the program does not seem to be responding, be patient.
Be careful not to reference two virtual channels to the same I/O point. This will cause errors in the OPC server.
Many of the SCXI modules have software settings and/or hardware jumpers that change the behavior of the module, so be aware of those and change them if you need to in Measurement & Automation Explorer and the physical module.
Remember that in datalogging and supervisory control applications, the emphasis is on monitoring nearly constant values. The Tag Engine is not intended for high-end waveform analysis, but to supervise relatively slowly changing signals. There is a trade-off between the number of channels and the sampling rate per channel that can be achieved.
After you set your channels, you can proceed to the next steps of the process.
Configure FieldPoint modules using FieldPoint Explorer. Many of the modules have software configuration options that change the behavior of the module, so make sure they are set correctly.
Add a COM resource to the FieldPoint server and specify the IP address or COM port of the network module you are trying to find.
If the Ethernet module does not have an IP address, you have to specify one by browsing the network and configuring unassigned devices. The devices must be on the same subnet for this to work. Then select Find Devices. The devices that are connected to that module are automatically detected, and channel names are generated. Save this configuration and remember that the active configuration file in FieldPoint Explorer is the one that its OPC server uses to connect to the data.
You can monitor and control items from FieldPoint Explorer for the demo and test of equipment.
If you want the software configuration settings changes for modules more permanent, make use of the Snapshot feature, which saves the current settings for power-up or reset. This way, if you make a new file, your previous software settings will be maintained. This feature actually changes the settings on the hardware devices, so if a new file is created, the file must be synched to the device in order for that configuration to work properly.
Because of the hot plug and play feature of these modules, it is easy to switch the locations of the modules around frequently. Beware that after the locations of the hardware are set and programming has begun, if the locations need to change, the configuration files must be redone, and everything from here on must be updated.
FieldPoint Explorer automatically names channels as you add network modules, so you can keep them the same or rename them.
You can create special OPC items to control specific attributes or commands of the module programmatically. For example, you can create items for the FP-CTR-500 (Counter module) that can control the terminal count of the counter inputs or reset the counter value dynamically.
After you configure the hardware properly, launch LabVIEW. Open the Tag Configuration Editor (TCE) and begin to edit the SCF.
Use the Tag Wizard to connect to the available OPC servers on the system or to servers available on remote systems.
After you add the channels you selected, they appear in the list on the panel of the TCE. You can edit each of these tags from their default values, and all of the settings mentioned earlier in this document can be applied. Remember that the engine settings and historical settings are available to edit as well. Larger queue sizes for the engine can help to deal with larger amounts of data or a greater number of system events or alarms.
You can use a separate piece of software called Server Explorer bundled with the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module to browse local and remote OPC servers in order to ensure that the channels are configured correctly.
In the Tag Wizard, you can add groups of items all at once by clicking the folder icon and selecting Add Items.
The I/O group settings apply to every item in the group. So, to create multiple update rate settings, create a new group for every set of tags with a certain update rate.
For large numbers of tags, use the tag export command to export tags to a spreadsheet. Any spreadsheet program will allow you to easily manipulate the tag values that must be configured, including I/O group, update rates, alarms, deadbands, scaling, and so on. You can save variations of the files if you want to test different settings by creating new files in the TCE, importing these back into the editor, and testing the changes.
The data the engine receives is automatically logged when you toggle it on as long as it is enabled in the SCF. Alarm and event generation is automatic as well and is easy to configure.
The higher the number of channels, the lower the update rates must be in order to prevent engine overflow. If you are getting queue overflows, try lowering the update rate and/or increasing the queue size.
There are four deadband settings: I/O Group deadband, Engine deadband, logging deadband, and alarm deadband.
Be sure to update the scales for each tag according to the scales set in the tag's hardware configuration program.
Keep channels configured in Measurement & Automation Explorer and the TCE equal. The greater the number of virtual channels, the slower the performance of the OPC server, no matter how many channels are added to the TCE.
After the SCF is configured and saved, you can start the Tag Engine. Security settings can be applied as needed. If the application is intended for logging only, then you are finished, because all logging is done automatically. However, in many cases, a more customized application is needed, which brings us to dealing with LabVIEW VIs and application code.
Use the HMI wizard whenever possible to automatically generate the code to monitor and update tag values. This greatly reduces development time and is great for simple monitoring and control applications. However, if you need a specialized application, the VIs provided make tag manipulation easy and fit in easily with the other VIs provided with LabVIEW, including any advanced data analysis, manipulation, or testing that must be performed on the tag values.
The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module VIs enable you to provide applications that can do almost anything programmatically. For example, you can control the starting and stopping of the engine using VIs, you can create security settings and user accounts on-the-fly, you can access historical databases, and you can open and close the Historical Trend Viewer programmatically.
Accessing the historical database programmatically should be done with caution. The larger the database, the longer it will take to access it.
Avoid using historical data access VIs if you can. Many times, the same purpose can be achieved by using tag attribute VIs that are much faster. For example, if you need to access the database with the current set of tags, use the Get Tags VI, not the Get Historical Tags VI.
When using the tag read/write VIs, remember that every time a value is written, it is queued in the engine. Avoid inefficient programming that asserts a value into a write tag every time through a loop if not necessary. If deadbands are not set, this can lead to engine output overflows.
When starting or stopping the engine programmatically, beware that the calling VI can return before the engine is entirely finished starting or stopping. If data or file operations are engine dependent, use the engine status VI to determine when the engine is in the desired state before continuing the program flow.
Many tag attributes are dynamic so keep this in mind before creating perhaps unnecessary SCFs, but also remember that programmatic changes to tags are not saved when the program exits.
Use the timestamp along with the tag value to determine the exact time the value was retrieved. This knowledge can help determine the value's relative importance in time to other tags.
Remember, building a large-scale application is an iterative process; all of the steps in this document will most likely have to be done multiple times before the application is complete.
Successful programming in LabVIEW for connectivity and control of SCXI, FieldPoint, and other OPC tags, including third-party vendors, is dependent on installing and configuring the hardware for the specific application, then configuring the devices in software (FieldPoint Explorer, Measurement and Automation Explorer, and the TCE) in collaboration with program development in LabVIEW using the Data logging and Supervisory Control module.
To gauge the performance of the Tag Engine in a real world setting, a benchmarking test was developed using the DAQ OPC server and voltage inputs from several SCXI-1102C modules. The purpose of the tests was to determine the data throughput capabilities of the engine when streaming data to disk.The tests were also run to determine database size with respect to logging resolution. This information is valuable to customers who need to know the performance of the datalogging feature to successfully plan and develop their applications and is also useful to National Instruments R&D engineers who can use the benchmarking information to gauge and improve the product in the future.
The appendix contains all of the results of benchmark testing for 50, 100, and 200 channels. The other test variables are input frequency, alarms, and deadband. The input frequency is varied because of the asynchronous nature of OPC systems, and this variation sometimes affects the results. Alarms also affect throughput, and, in the case of these tests, alarms were dynamically enabled and disabled for a LO alarm value that was rarely breached. The deadband was also dynamically altered to test a 0% and a 5% deadband.
The tests showed that the maximum throughput to disk from the DAQ OPC server was around 6750 pts/s for all channel settings with alarms disabled and deadband at 0%. The value is the average throughput for 60 seconds of logging. Each test setting was tested 5 times for error calculations. The throughput, of course, decreases when alarms are enabled and a higher deadband setting is used. When examining these results, keep in mind that throughput is also hardware dependent as mentioned in the OPC Performance white paper, so the results may be slightly higher or lower for different types of hardware. With that said, these tests do give a good idea of what kind of results can be expected in a real world system.
Tests also were run to determine logging size with respect to logging resolution, which determines the precision of data to log to disk. For example, a logging resolution of 0.1 will round all logged data to the nearest tenth. The following table gives an example situation and the size of the database created for that situation. The data was obtained using 100 SCXI channels logging for about 20 minutes with zero deadband and no alarms. The average points per second for the test runs was approximately 6700.
Because each point of data has a timestamp and a value, and, in LabVIEW, these values are both doubles (8 bytes), then the same amount of data points logged to a raw database without compression would yield a size of about 122 MB ((6700 pt/s x 20 min x 60 s/min x 16 bytes/point)/2^20 bytes/MB). Comparatively, even with a precision of five decimal points, the compression is over 60%.
The results for engine throughput as shown in the appendix are evidence that the throughput is not extremely deterministic. In fact, some cases show that the throughput is significantly higher or lower than other similar cases. This result can be expected from OPC-based systems because of the asynchronous nature of OPC. Also, modern operating systems often perform maintenance operations behind the scenes that can take disk access or CPU time away from the logging process. Of course, all of these tests are dependent on the processor, memory, and hard disk speed as well. To achieve maximum throughput, all other open programs should be stopped and closed. The CPU usage for the high performance throughput attained with these tests was nearly 100% for all of the tests run. The reason is that the tests were designed to push the computer to the maximum in order to find the limits of the logging engine. In most applications, this kind of throughput will not be necessary, so the CPU usage will be less.
The tests also showed that the server never actually achieves the stated update rate, but does increase as the update rate is increased. However, the tests also show that the maximum throughput is not achieved when the update rate is set to the highest level. For the 1 kHz update rate, the throughput actually went down in some cases.
The trade-off between channel count and throughput per channel is clearly demonstrated with the tests showing the maximum throughput does not go up as the channels increase, but is divided by the total number of channels.
Logging resolution tests show that the database can remain relatively small in terms of the amount of data that it can log, even with higher precision. The database will get bigger more quickly with higher logging resolution, but this, of course, is also a trade-off.
The performance benchmarking tests of the automated logging feature of the LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module show that the system holds up in a real world system. The Tag Engine is able to sustain substantial throughput when logging data to disk, making the module an ideal solution for logging and monitoring applications.
The LabVIEW Datalogging and Supervisory Control module leverages the ease of use, functionality, and performance of LabVIEW, as well as the connectivity of OPC technology, to create a development environment that is ideal for high-channel count applications that have a need for high performance data logging and supervisory control. With National Instruments technology, developers can create efficient large channel count systems easily and cost-effectively.


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XML Sitemaps
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`XML Sitemaps`_ can be generated by running:

.. code-block:: bash

  pycsw-admin.py gen-sitemap --config default.cfg --output sitemap.xml

The ``sitemap.xml`` file should be saved to an an area on your web server (parallel to or above your pycsw install location) to enable web crawlers to index your repository.

.. _`XML Sitemaps`: https://www.sitemaps.org/index.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Thirteen French cities are receiving government support to launch NFC-enabled mobile contactless payment and information services, according to scottrade.com.
The initiative is backed by the Ministry of Industry, which will provide consultancy and engineering assistance for a number of NFC projects ranging from public transit mobile ticketing to m-payments for school lunches.
Among the cities presenting projects are Toulouse, who is looking to manage its car fleet via mobile phone and provide m-payment capabilities for school cafeterias, and Tisseo, who wants to replace its travel card with contactless payment via NFC handsets.
Other participating cities include Caen, Agen, Bordeaux, Lille, Marseille, Montpellier, Paris, Pessac, Rennes, Strasbourg, Troyes and the county of Manche.


The North Shore of Massachusetts is a mix of 14 wealthy and working-class communities, both along the coast and inland. From fishing villages to tourist beaches and expensive seaside houses, the North Shore is made up of a variety of places, people, and structures. Consequently, there are a range of sales prices in the area. Rents vary depending on town/area, size, amenities, special features, appliances and other factors. Whether investing in properties as long-term rentals or fix and flip, find out the five hottest towns for real estate investors along the North Shore and build your wealth.
With a population of 38,200, this once heavy industrial town is now primarily a residential community that's big on its cultural and academic facilities. Average resident salary is $65,400. Property prices are increasing fast since the middle of 2013, but are still lower than the North Shore average sales price. There are nearly 140 properties on the market at this writing. The average condominium price is $286,600, single-family homes average $1,045,670 and the few multifamily homes average $429,000. The single-family home average is skewed by a few million-dollar sales, as the median sales price is closer to $550,000. There is a moderate amount of rentals ranging from $1,350 a month for single-family properties to apartments that can go up to $2,000 depending on size.
Swampscott is a small, quaint seaside town of Boston commuters and some summer visitors. It has a resident population of 13,650. Sales prices are erratically rising with condos going for an average sales price of $533,803, single-family homes for $978,292 and a few multifamily properties for $571,000. There are few rentals, but may be more in the summer months. A recent rental for a two-bedroom, one-bathroom home rented for $1,600 a month.
The working harbor of Gloucester boasts one of the top three fishing ports in the Northeast U.S, so its waterfronts are a protected asset. It's a mix of working class, old money and summer visitors, who increase the population about 30% in the summer. It's considered a painters' haven due to the natural light and the town is working to develop tourism. The more expensive homes definitely skew the average prices. Median prices paint a more representative picture of sales with condominiums at $375,000, single-family at $652,000 and multifamily at $398,000, but condos and multifamily properties are decreasing in price. Rentals can be as high as $3,500 for a four bedroom, 2.5 bathroom.
This rural town with a historic character has 4,200 residents with salaries averaging $143,000. Views are of farms, lakes and woodlands and the streets are heavily lined with trees. Rentals are few, but a recent four bedroom, 2.5 bathroom home is going for $4,000 a month. At least one investor has turned a large home into condos listed for sale at $509,000 to $549,000.
Rockport has a year-round population of 7,500 with an additional 13,000 people in the summertime. It's a tourist town located at the tip of Cape Ann with the Atlantic Ocean on three sides. Galleries and art studios abound. Sales prices have dropped from their five-year peak at the end of 2013. The average condominium sales price is $290,000, single-family is $657,000 and multifamily is $544,000. Rentals rates are often by the week for summer visitors, such as $1,800 a week for a four-bedroom, 1.5-bathroom cottage with linens. Apartments rent for $900 and up.


Have you had enough watching and listening? Are you ready to put your boots on the ground in Washington State and participate in field research. Sasquatch Syndicate will be holding Expedition 2019 in late June. If you believe you are up for the journey, please submit your information here for further details and the Sasquatch Syndicate staff will contact you by April 30th, 2019. Please note: Due to terrain restrictions, applicants will require pre-screening for this years expedition.


SCVO is working in partnership with the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation to help build long-term resilience within Sandwell Communities.
Extensive community conversations have helped to shape the elements of this programme. EPIC is a three year grant programme aimed at improving the wellbeing of communities, and tackling isolation and loneliness. It does this by developing stronger relationships and building on what exists within communities. This could include making the most of community spaces, improving access to transport and using people's skills, talents and experience.
Grants up to £80,000 will be available for projects that are aimed at people (of all ages) who feel lonely or isolated, and projects that aim to improve the wellbeing of communities.
Applications for Round 1 open on Monday 28th January 2019 and will close on Monday, 18th March 2019 at 12 noon.


text:
Hundreds attend mass funeral service for 15 labourers killed by Indian security forces
Pakistan, India issue visas to each other's diplomats
Historic Peace Documents
Ambassadors of Peace
Free Peace Courses
Home2021 (Page 278)
PM Modi's actions "inexcusable", govt needs to own up Covid mistakes: The Lancet
New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government could preside over "a self-inflicted national catastrophe", international medical journal The Lancet said in an editorial. In a piece highly critical of the government's handling of the coronavirus pandemic, the widely respected publication said the success of India overcoming
Surge in COVID-19 worries families of IIOJK detainees lodged in Indian jails
Srinagar: The massive surge in COVID-19 related deaths and infections in India has alarmed the families of the Kashmiri prisoners illegally detained in Delhi's Tihar jail and other prisons across India about the safety of their dear ones. According to a report, the overcrowded Indian prisons
Variant spreading in India more contagious: WHO top scientist
Geneva: The World Health Organization's chief scientist has said that a Covid-19 variant spreading in India is more contagious and it is feared it could be dodging some vaccine protections, contributing to the country's explosive outbreak. Soumya Swaminathan warned that "the epidemiological features that we see
Israeli forces attack worshipers at Jerusalem's Al Aqsa Mosque, scores injured
Jerusalem: Israeli police fired rubber bullets and stun grenades towards rock-hurling Palestinian youth at Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa Mosque on Friday amid growing anger over the potential eviction of Palestinians from homes on land claimed by Jewish settlers. At least 205 Palestinians and 17 officers were injured in
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan: Officials talk peace, but popular moods still raw
In spite of the occasional gunshots, fighting along sections of the border of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan has all but ceased. Around the most combustible flashpoint, the non-demarcated sliver of land bridging mainland Tajikistan and its Vorukh exclave, which is surrounded entirely by Kyrgyz territory, moods were
Prince William & Duchess Kate have launched their own YouTube channel
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have just launched their own YouTube channel, which will feature exclusive clips from their official royal engagements, and we're here for the upcoming content. With more than two million views on their first video less than a day after it
George Floyd death: four ex-police officers indicted on civil rights charges
Minneapolis: A federal grand jury has indicted the four former Minneapolis police officers involved in George Floyd's arrest and murder, accusing them of violating the Black man's constitutional rights as he was restrained face-down on the pavement and gasping for air, according to indictments unsealed
A U.N. Peacekeeping Mission in Afghanistan's Best Hope
Charli Carpenter For better or worse, the United States military is leaving Afghanistan. Proponents for withdrawal argue the U.S. has done all it can militarily in the country, has more pressing security interests elsewhere and may do more harm than good by staying. Critics say the
US, EU call for immediate resumption of Afghan peace talks
Washington: The United States and the European Union called for an immediate resumption of intra-Afghan talks, and condemned the Taliban for waging widespread attacks as foreign forces leave the country. Representatives of Washington, the EU, NATO and other European countries met Thursday in Berlin as US
US says Huthis missed major chance for peace talks
Washington: The United States blasted Yemen s Huthi rebels for skipping a crucial opportunity to meet with the United Nations and discuss a possible peace resolution to the conflict in Yemen. "There is a fair deal on the table that will bring immediate relief to Yemeni
The London Institute of Peace Research is not responsible for the accuracy or content of information contained in websites to which it links. These third-party links do not constitute an endorsement by the London Institute of Peace Research of the parties. The opinions expressed by staff members or contributors are those of the individuals and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the London Institute of Peace Research .
85 Great Portland Street, London W1W 7LT
Email: info@lipr.org.uk
P: 0044 7957 713374
Associates & Jobs
EU, Nato vow action over migrant crisis, Russian build-up
Indian troops martyr 651 innocent Kashmiris in IOK since 2019
LIPR Ambassadors of Peace
© LIPR London Institute of Peace Research

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Swiss Made, The movement is stamped "214H" "BULOVA" and "SWISS MADE", It has gold bar hands (The swiss used silver hands with silver cases and gold hands with the gold cases), The crystal is armored with a yellow tension ring, The Dial is a gold dial face with "SWISS" printed in black lettering under the 6 o'clock marker. It has a Stainless Steel gold plated case #454-1.
Looks like the "E" model pictured here. Another beautiful Accutron my friend.
My ID vote would be "Accutron" on this one.


This week DMS has teamed up with FRAZE to share with you his trap remix of D.R.A.M. ft. Lil Yachty – Broccoli that will EXCLUSIVELY be on DMS. Fraze is a classically trained pianist and composer, Fraze is new to the club/dance music scene. Heavily influenced by Trap, Moombahton and Electro, you can see him spin at various Seattle venues or find his work online in the form of remixes, originals, or remixes of celebrities' snapchats.
MUSIC: DJ CFLO - "EDMjams"


The Glen Cove St. Patrick's Day Parade will take place on St. Patrick's Day itself, Sunday, March 17, 2019, because the NYC parade takes place on March 16 then the holiday falls on Sunday.
The Parade has taken place annually since 1989. It has grown to be the largest annual parade in Glen Cove and a joyous celebration that is eagerly awaited each Spring by all residents of the North Shore and the entire Long Island community.
The Parade begins to form up at 12 noon in the area of the Finley Middle School on Forest Avenue. It steps off at 1 pm, following the usual route through downtown Glen Cove to St. Patrick's Church. There is very ample parking in the municipal garages and at the end of the parade route. Shuttle buses will run between the parking areas and the formation area.
The parade is followed by a family-friendly post-parade party at St. Patrick's Parish Hall, at the end of the parade route.
The heart of the parade, as always, will be its exciting mix of marching groups, including many bands of Irish pipers and other marching bands. Further color will be added to the festivities by vintage cars, costumed performers, face painters, fire and police units and much more. The parade is a true community celebration of the coming of Spring with many of our areas' ethnic organizations, often in costume, taking part. Come, join the fun!
For more information, please visit the parade website at www.gcirishparade.org or call 516-782-7494.
1991 Hon. Denis Dillon District Attorney, Nassau Co.


What a great company you are! I just received my huge order, three boxes full, all as I ordered, in a timely manner. The quality of the Fredrix brand of wood easels [which I ordered for Christmas gifts for my art students] is very, very good. It has made my day, and your reasonable prices help also! Now you have a blessed Thanksgiving for being such a fair and great company.


Over the last few decades, many improvements have been made in the efficiency and reliability of air conditioning systems, thanks to technologies like variable-speed blower motors and two-stage compressors. If the air conditioning system in your Avon home is older or is starting to have problems, a new system may be well worth the investment.
At Service Plus, we offer complete AC replacement and installation services, as well as routine maintenance and repairs. With over 15 years of experience in the industry, and a reputation for reliable, honest service, you can trust our team for all your heating and cooling needs.
To learn more about our HVAC service, contact Service Plus today at 317-434-2627! We serve the entire Avon area, from County Road 500 East to Ronald Regan Parkway.
At Service Plus, we can work with you to find a system that has the features you want, the performance to cool your home efficiently, and a price that works will within your budget.
To learn if AC replacement is the right choice for your home, contact us today!
With a new air conditioning system, you can benefit from greater comfort, improved energy-efficiency, lower cooling costs, and the latest technologies, like Wi-Fi thermostats, zoning systems, and more.
For an installation quote in Turner Trace, Whispering Pines, Austin Lakes, or elsewhere in Avon, contact our team today!
Whether your current air conditioner is on the verge of failing, or you simply want a more reliable and efficient cooling solution, you can depend on our team at Service Plus to help you select and install the perfect system for your needs. We can also help to keep it performing properly, with regular system inspections, maintenance, and repairs as necessary.
Contact us today at 317-434-2627 to learn more about your replacement options and to request a free estimate!


text:
Tag: Department of Tourism
Across the Islands, Travel
LOS ANGELES — Filipinos living in the United States are invited to travel back to…
The Philippines' celebrates back to back wins at Conde Naste Traveler Readers' Choice Awards; Boracay claims spot as top island in Asia anew
The Department of Tourism (DOT) celebrates the Philippines' back-to-back wins in the Condé Nast Traveler…
Asian Journal Media Center October 5, 2022
Tourism Chief takes "Listening Tours" to Luzon
Clark, Pampanga — As part of her nationwide listening tours, Tourism Secretary Christina Garcia Frasco…
Asian Journal Press July 21, 2022
DOT: Hotels in GCQ, MGCQ areas can operate at full capacity
HOTELS in areas under the modified general community quarantine and general community quarantine are now…
DOT website lists open tourist spots in PH
The Philippine Department of Tourism (DOT) has launched a website listing all the local destinations…
Palawan recognized as 'best island in the world'
PALAWAN has reclaimed the top spot in international travel magazine Travel + Leisure's "World's Best…
Former tourism chief behind successful 'It's More Fun in the Philippines' campaign dies at 64
Former Philippine Tourism Secretary Ramon Jimenez died on Monday, April 27, his family confirmed. He…
Metro-Manila, Travel
DOT: US third biggest source of tourists to PH
The United States accounted for the third biggest source of visitors to the Philippines during…
Middle East, Travel
DOT celebrates PHL's Leading Dive Destination citation
Muscat, Oman – The Philippines continues to enjoy recognition as one of the world's premier diving…
Department of Tourism November 29, 2019
PHL Harvest returns with Antique's fun, food, and fashion
Manila, Philippines – The Department of Tourism's (DOT) Philippine Harvest returns for its 7th edition featuring…


text:
The 2005 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States after the 2004–05 season, the 41st annual meet for men and 23rd annual meet for women.

For the sixth consecutive year, the championships were held at the Randal Tyson Track Center at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Hosts Arkansas won the men's title, the Razorbacks' eighteenth and first since 2003.

Tennessee won the women's title, the Lady Volunteers' first.

Qualification
All teams and athletes from Division I indoor track and field programs were eligible to compete for this year's individual and team titles.

Team standings
 Note: Top 10 only
 Scoring: 6 points for a 1st-place finish in an event, 4 points for 2nd, 3 points for 3rd, 2 points for 4th, and 1 point for 5th
 (DC) = Defending Champions
 † = Participation vacated by NCAA Committee on Infractions

Men's title
 54 teams scored at least one point

Women's title
 67 teams scored at least one point

See also
2004 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships
2005 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships

References

NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships
Ncaa Indoor Track And Field Championships
Ncaa Indoor Track And Field Championships

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's the weekend for our One Week In Cancer filmmakers (Saturday 11th May) as we catch up with them to see what they are up to. One Week In Cancer is jimmyteens.tv very own filming project where we asked young people across the country to film their week.
Filmed as part of 2017's One Week In Cancer, we catch up with regular filmmaker Katie.


Could someone please explain what's going on around here?
Hey take it easy you could poke someone's eye out with that thing. I should know.
Well looks can be decieving ya know.
We gotta get that thing all the way up there? Have fun sonny the old brusitis is kicking up.


We need a babysitter for 04/20 to take care of 2 children in Norman. Responsibilities would include meal prep. It is important to us that you have your own car.
The Adzuna recency index score for this search is 1.32, suggesting that demand for job vacancies in Oklahoma is increasing.
Companies presently offering job vacancies in Oklahoma include DISH Network, JB Hunt Transport, CVS Health..
The average salary for open Oklahoma jobs is currently $49,588, 46% lower than the national average salary for all jobs which is $91,583.
The standard deviation of salaries for the results of this search is 33,903.
Get the latest Jobs in Oklahoma delivered straight to your inbox!


text:
Virtual Director
Broadcast Arena
Player Account
The Swedish Tennis Association enters into an agreement with Sportway on TV rights
The Swedish Tennis Association, together with media and production company Sportway, have entered into a two-year agreement on the exclusive rights for the elite series and competitions with SM status.
The agreement implies that Sportway will be responsible for producing and packaging the rights to TV channels, media companies, and streaming services.
The Swedish Tennis Association is in an exciting phase where work on the long-term plan 'Game Change' continues. In line with the plan, the Swedish Tennis Association will work together with Sportway to strengthen its media interest and make Swedish tennis more accessible through packaging and broadcasting of various Swedish tennis competitions.
Sportway, and the people behind the company, have extensive experience in the production, packaging, and sale of TV rights in various sports. Not least in tennis, where they have worked with the ATP, WTA and the International Tennis Association, as well as with Sweden's major international competitions, including the ATP competitions in Båstad and Stockholm.
- We are very happy about the collaboration with Sportway, which enables better packaging of, among other things, the final game of the elite series. Sportway understands the possibilities of the future in digital media and will therefore be able to provide the Swedish Tennis Association with important knowledge in the work of creating a platform that brings together Swedish tennis and various related services for practitioners, members, clubs, followers and fans, says Christer Sjöö, Secretary General of the Swedish Tennis Association.
- Sportway has extensive experience in working with various sports and associations, and we are very proud that our talented team now has the opportunity to, together with the Swedish Tennis Association, strengthen the offer of various rights. Tennis has a unique position in Sweden and there are many exciting opportunities to build on in the future, says Daniel Franck, CEO of Sportway.
Christer Sjöö, Secretary General of the Swedish Tennis Association
christer.sjoo@tennis.se
Daniel Franck, CEO Sportway
daniel.franck@sportway.com
Sportway AB, Virkesvägen 12, 120 30 Stockholm, +46 70 845 12 62, info@sportway.com


text:
Tag: Vein
Bootleg: vein.fm at For The Children!
It seems that the World hasn't quite ruined vein.fm yet judging by this pro-shot full set courtesy of 197 Media from Day #2 of For The Children at Belasco in Los Angeles California on 18th December. The band are riding high on the crest of a wave with the assistance of the legend that is
Review: "Learning To Dissolve" by Orthodox
We talk regularly about how often the words "highly anticipated" are used when it comes to new music from certain bands but in the case of Nashville Tennessee Nu-Metalcore act Orthodox who specialise in bringing Hardcore to a new, disturbing place of unease, anger and brokenness those words ring true. Their sophomore album "Let It
Bootleg: Vein.fm at Camden Underworld!
There aren't many bands who can carry off back to back nights at the same venue but while this World maybe about to ruin them, Vein.fm are in the process of playing London's iconic Camden Underworld in triplicate, a feat only bettered by Canadian Hardcore Punks Cancer Bats for the 10th Anniversary of "Hail Destroyer".
NEWS: It's Hellnight for Vein.fm!
A word of warning. If you're a sufferer of photosensitive epilepsy then the new music video for "Hellnight" from Vein.fm is one that you want to avoid as it features flashing images. It may not be as good as a freshly ground black coffee because it's not a new cut but instead one that features
Playthrough: Full Set from Vein.fm!
Dedicated drum cam footage of Matt Wood from Vein.fm playing an entire set at The Belasco in Los Angeles California has emerged following the arrival of their new album "This World Is Going To Ruin You", engineered, produced, mixed and mastered by the legendary Will Putney (Knocked Loose, Body Count, Fit For An Autopsy) at
NEWS: Vein.fm go with Eric Richter for "Wavery"!
After last weeks announcement of a European tour trek with Higher Power and Drain, another single from Closed Casket Activities signings Vein.fm is the obvious next move. The cut is the third from the bands upcoming new album "This World Is Going To Ruin You", engineered, produced, mixed and mastered by the legendary Will Putney
NEWS: Vein.fm in London in triplicate in June…
…with support from Higher Power, Drain and God's Hate a run of shows around their slot at the highly anticipated Outbreak Festival has been announced as Vein.fm bring their new album "This World Will Ruin You" to us in June. The album itself will drop on 4th March via Closed Casket Activities and Nuclear Blast
Bootleg: Vein.FM in Tampa Florida!
Ahead of the release of their new album "This World Is Going To Ruin You" here's a pro-shot full set from Vein.FM at Bryan Glazer Family JCC in Tampa Florida on 9th January 2022. A new logo has been unveiled that is very much like the cover art from "The Sickness" by Disturbed while new
NEWS: Vein.fm premier "Fear In Non Fiction"!
Featuring a guest vocal appearance from Geoff Rickley of Thursday fame, Vein.fm have unveiled another new single in "Fear In Non Fiction" from their upcoming new album "This World Will Ruin You". This one follows "The Killing Womb" from the record set for 4th March via Closed Casket Activities and Nuclear Blast respectively and judging
NEWS: Vein.fm get dragged kicking and screaming into the darkness…
Engineered and produced with Grammy winning producer Will Putney (Knocked Loose, Body Count) of Graphic Nature Audio in April 2020, just weeks into a global shutdown "This World Is Going To Ruin You" is the 11th March offering from Vein.fm formerly known simply as Vein and featuring guest appearances from artists Geoff Rickly of Thursday,


Girls... Whether or not he's even SEEN a farm and/or ranch,if broad shoulders,big muscles,boyish good looks,charm,chivalry and yes,LIBIDO are required in your black cowboy,PLEASE READ AND REPLY!!!!
Let's love ride,double-barreled white u.s. cowgirls!!!!
I am looking for someone to connect with.
I am ahardworking lady, with a great sense of humour. I am honest, committed, love the outdoors. I love horse back riding, camping, long walks and am willing to try just about anything new.


text:
Q: How to make your browser pretend it's a mobile phone? I would really like to check out the source code of some website. They have a mobile detection script of some sort I guess, when you visit said website it redirects you to a mobile version (nope, entering the URL that they redirect me to in my browser doesn't work).
How can I pretend my computer is an iPhone or HTC or whatever?

A: Install this add-on for firefox which will let you change the user-agent string.

*

*https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/user-agent-switcher/

A: You may also like to try and OPEN the page in TEXT pad
Here is a simple version I did up for a client
http://www.baccus.net.au/m/index.php
NOTE that it strips the PHP and just leaves the HTML component
You can then SAVE AS html page and see what the page looks like.
You may need to do a BASE HREF to keep the full path and there are often problems with many CMS systems, but this will get you over the line quickly.
Hope this helps

A: if you are using PHP try this $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
you get phone company + model + browser info or os info !

A: The link in the accepted answer no longer exists. The recommended alternative currently:
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-GB/firefox/addon/user-agent-string-switcher/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Michael Ware
Welcome |
Tommy Evans (CNN)
Yuri Kozyrev (Time)
NOTE: Any original
commentary that appears
on this site is my own.
Questions? E-mail me...
>>>>> Cynthia <<<<<
Ware~abouts
the companion blog
to this website
For updates via Twitter,
follow @MickWareDotCom
YWT: "...a vicious blowback to a terrible strike..."
Click photo to play
STEPHEN FRAZIER: One after the other, these powerful car bombs exploded in the Shia district of Sadr City, ripping through crowded markets and squares. And half an hour later, at least 144 Iraqis had lost their lives, hundreds more wounded in these attacks.
And now authorities are imposing a curfew. It is just now beginning.
Let's bring in Michael Ware in Baghdad for a sense of what's happening there now -- Michael.
MICHAEL WARE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Yes, Stephen. As I stand here now, the capital, Baghdad, is under indefinite curfew, a measure to curb what might be a vicious blowback to a terrible strike on Iraq's Shia population.
As American families back in the United States sit down in the celebration of Thanksgiving, so many Iraqi families have now been torn apart this afternoon. This is the single worst event in terms of the loss of civilian life here in Iraq since the war began.
At least 144 are now declared dead from this series of car bombings in the space of 30 minutes in what is clearly a coordinated strike against the Shia. Hundreds more are wounded, many of them critically. All expectations are that the death toll will rise.
The scenes in Iraqi hospitals are simply appalling. There's a call for doctors who are now coming in from other parts of the city.
Mosques in the Sadr City Shia ghetto are calling for blood donors. We're seeing in the corridors of these hospitals bloodied people laying on the floor -- children, men, it's indiscernible who is alive and who is dead.
Perhaps in retaliation, we then saw a series of mortars rain down on neighboring Sunni suburbs. So what we're seeing is one neighborhood striking another in what the American military still insists is not civil war -- Stephen.
FRAZIER: All right. These are attacks that go neighborhood to neighborhood. But we're getting word, too, Michael -- could you fill us in what you know about an attack on a ministry -- the Health Ministry?
WARE: Well, almost at the same time as these coordinated car bombings, we have three confirmed, other reports unconfirmed of possibly three more, that could be six car bombings.
So while this was being unleashed, there was an assault here in the heart of the capital under American and Iraqi army control on the Ministry of Health building. As many as 30 gunmen laid assault with small arms fire and mortar attack.
The significance being that this is a ministry controlled by the same Shia political and militia faction that comes from Sadr City. So while we see an attack on their government face, one of their key ministries that is now handling the dead and the wounded, we also saw a direct strike on their population on a scale that's not been seen here since the American invasion and occupation began in 2003.
FRAZIER: All right. Michael Ware, live from Baghdad.
Michael, thank you.


Consideration For Others Stimulates Positive Behavior Date: March 24, 2008 Source: University of Groningen Summary: Imagine that you are walking in the park and you have just finished a soft drink. Free Consideration Law Essays. The selection of consideration law essays below have been submitted to us by students in order to help you with your studies.
Please remember to reference LawTeacher. net if you wish to cite any of Writing in blood can be legal but there has to be consideration of which there was none in this case.
A corporation may not be sued as if it was a person. Intoxication, although it was apparent in this situation, may not Consideration of others essay writer the best defense. They tell their stories as a way of telling us what the book means, not just to them but to other people like them, presumably including us. The story of the reading of a book is thus one approach. But the story of the writing of a book, or of any one part of a book, is also full of potential.
Personal Consideration for Others We all live in the one society. Nobody can exist alone, and everything we do will directly or indirectly affect each other. From this point of view, transposition thinking and personal consideration for others contribute to the harmonious coexistence between people. Essay Paper on the Doctrine of Consideration What Is the Significance of the Doctrine of Consideration in the Law of Contracts Generally, a contract is considered to be an exchange of promises or an agreement between parties which legally binds these parties and that can be enforced by the law.
Consideration is the cornerstone of legally binding contract Firstly, it is very important to identify the legal definition of consideration.
Academic Vadrzsa Golf Club, Ttvzsony Golf course for sale. Golf course for sale Tel: 06 30 299 25 16 A Balatonfelvidken egy j plyval bvl a jtszhat golf ltestmnyek szma. A Few Words about Essay Editing. Good essays have good topics that are thoroughly addressed with relevant examples. Excellent essays need to be perfect in many other Also: Consideration Caring is letting things matter to us, including other people. It means valuing their wellbeing and acting with attention to their needs.
Acts of kindness and words that let others know that we care. Our caring can comfort another person even when neither of us has the power to change a difficult situation.


THIS CAR HAS BEEN SOLD FOR $4000. Thanks everyone for all the great comments, I had alot of fun with this project, but I have moved on to better, faster cars. I will be adding a cardomain page for my new ride - 2006 Nissan Sentra Spec V "HOT LAVA" I Love This Motto !! This Is My 1994 Geo Prizm, What I Like To Think Is Not Just Your Everyday Geo, PAGE UPDATE: I Attended A Local Car Show On September 10th And Had A Great Time. There Were A Few Of My Friends That Attended As Well, And Made It A Great Time. When It Came Time For Trophy's I Won!!! I Was Surprised But Very Excited. I Got A Plack For Sound Off, I Reached 137.8 DB's In The SPL Sound Attack Which Was Good For Third Place. I Had Just Installed A New Head Unit And Did Not Have The Thing Tuned Very Well Yet. Now That I Have Had Time To Play With The Levels On The Head Unit I Think I May Be Able To Get Higher. I Will Unload More Pictures Soon. Please Don't Forget To Sign My Guestbook And Check Back Soon. The System Is Complete I Believe This Is Now The Only Prizm Like It. Once Again Carrying On The Theme Of 1 UNIQUE GEO I Will Tell You About My Ride, Its A 1994 Geo Prizm LSI I Have The Rare "Options" That You Don't See Often, If Ever. That Includes The 1.8L DOHC Motor, Power Everything, Windows, Locks, Trunk, And Factory Sunroof. I Have Never Seen Another Prizm With A Sunroof. And It Seems Rare To Find Them With The Optional Bigger Engine. My Car Being Shown In The Joppatowne Benefit Car Show 11-13-05. Page 1) Quick Overview Of My Ride (You Are Here) Page 2) Full Page Of Pictures Page 3) Stereo (Before & After) Page 4) Baltimore Car & Truck Show Pictures Page 5) Chicks From Car Shows!! Page 6) Videos THIS CAR HAS BEEN SOLD I WAS ASKING $4000.


text:
using System.Net;

using RestSharp;

namespace DynamicTranslator.Extensions
{
    public static class RestSharpExtensions
    {
        public static bool Ok(this IRestResponse response)
        {
            return response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK;
        }
    }
}


text:
Taiwan Hospital Promotes Drug-Resistant Superbug Detection Method
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Taoyuan has developed artificial intelligence (AI)-based research technology that can rapidly detect antibiotic-resistant superbugs and better guide the correct administration of antibiotics, a hospital representative said Thursday.
Staphylococcus aureus or staph, the most dangerous of all the many common staphylococcal bacteria, is the best known drug-resistant superbug, Wang Hsin-yao (王信堯), a clinical pathologist/microbiologist in the Department of Laboratory Medicine at the hospital, said at the press event held to publicize the research.
Noting that staph claims millions of lives every year, Wang said that the overuse and misuse of antibiotics are key factors contributing to the growing antibiotic resistance of staph and even the appearance of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA), an emerging superbug with implicit drug resistance to vancomycin.
The antibiotic vancomycin is the last line of defense against the community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus, according to Wang.
To find a method to identify superbugs, the hospital, in conjunction with Chang Gung University and National Central University, developed the AI technology after two years of research. Integrated with a mass spectrometer it achieves 80 percent medication accuracy, Wang said.
The mass spectrometer is one of the most popular mass spectrometry instruments used in biology, due to its rapid and precise identification of the genus and species of an extensive range of bacteria.
The superbug detection model developed by the hospital can provide rapid and accurate reports regarding hVISA/VISA and thereby guide the correct administration of antibiotics in treatment of S. aureus infection, according to Wang.
The research results won a gold medal at the 2017 Taipei International Invention Show & Technomart and were published in the October 2018 issue of Frontiers in Microbiology, a leading international journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research in the field of microbiology.
The technology will be used to detect other superbugs, Wang said, adding that the hospital is currently experimenting with the method to expand its application.
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text:
Q: How can I split a textstring using razor (in Umbraco)? I'm relatively (more like completely) new to the world of razor, and have inevitably hit my first hurdle. I'm a web developer who is also new to the CMS Umbraco, and therefore I've been working with razor for scripting.
My problem is rather a simple one I believe; how can I split a textstring to display 4 different words/values, with commas in between?
Ideally, I would like to turn something like:
"WhyWontThisWork" into "Why, Wont, This, Work" and to possibly complicate things: "'Why', Wont, This, Work" (with the 's around the first word)
I"ve been trying with this method from another thread, but to no avail:
@foreach (string s in "1,2,3".Split(',')) {
  @: s is equal to @s<br/>
}

By trying to implement this syntax into my own script, it looks like the following, and therefore it doesn't work:
@inherits umbraco.MacroEngines.DynamicNodeContext
@{
    foreach (var x in Model.uctextstring.Split(',')) {
        @x.InnerText
    }
}

A: This isn't really an issue specifically to tackle with Razor. I think the best way of doing this would be to have a dedicated method. Simple splits won't do what you want because you don't know the logical point at which to split, and I can't think of an easy Regex solution for it either. So here is a very basic example that moves through the string character by character to identify basic word boundaries:
public static IEnumerable<string> SplitString(string value)
{
  char last = char.MinValue;
  bool inWord = false;
  string word = string.Empty;

  foreach (char c in s)
  {
      if (char.IsLetter(c))
      {
          // Covers situations with apostrophised characters, e.g. 's
          if (last == '\'' && char.IsLetter(c) && inWord)
          {
              word += last;
              word += c;
              yield return word;

              word = string.Empty;
              inWord = false;
          }
          else if (char.IsUpper(c) && !inWord)
          {
              // Start of a new word.
              word += c;
              inWord = true;
          }
          else if (char.IsUpper(c))
          {
              // Return the last word.
              yield return word;

              // Start a new string.
              word = string.Empty + c;
              inWord = true;
          }
          else
          {
              // Append to the current string.
              word += c;
          }
      }
      else
      {
          if (c == '\'' && inWord)
          {
              // If we are at an apostrophe, set and then skip
              last = c;
              continue;
          }

          if (word.Length > 0)
          {
              // Otherwise, if we have a previous word, return.
              yield return word;

              // Clear ready for the next word.
              word = string.Empty;
              inWord = false;
          }
      }

      last = c;
  }

  // If there is one more remaining word, return it.
  if (word.Length > 0)
      yield return word;
}

Which you can join/concatentate using
string result = string.Join(", ", SplitString(sentence));

This method makes use of the compiler's ability to create a state machine when we are using yield. This is good, because we can enumerate through the character stream, and return results when we actually obtain them.
Now, this won't directly work in a Razor template, as you'd need to declare a template method. The dirty way of doing it, would be to declare a function using a Func<string, IEnumerable<string>> instance:
@{
    Func<string, IEnumerable<string>> splitter = s =>
    {
      char last = char.MinValue;
      bool inWord = false;
      string word = string.Empty;

      IList<string> words = new List<string>();

      foreach (char c in s)
      {
          if (char.IsLetter(c))
          {
              if (last == '\'' && char.IsLetter(c) && inWord)
              {
                  word += last;
                  word += c;
                  words.Add(word);

                  word = string.Empty;
                  inWord = false;
              }
              else if (char.IsUpper(c) && !inWord)
              {
                  word += c;
                  inWord = true;
              }
              else if (char.IsUpper(c))
              {
                  words.Add(word);

                  word = string.Empty + c;
                  inWord = true;
              }
              else
              {
                  word += c;
              }
          }
          else
          {
              if (c == '\'' && inWord)
              {
                  last = c;
                  continue;
              }

              if (word.Length > 0)
              {
                  words.Add(word);

                  word = string.Empty;
                  inWord = false;
              }
          }

          last = c;
      }

      if (word.Length > 0)
        words.Add(word);

      return words;
    };
  }

But even that is not pretty. It's not a bullet proof way of splitting the string correctly either.


If you live in North America, there is a good chance that you wouldn't have heard of Cube, though it's one of the biggest German bike firms in the world. Like most German brands, it focuses on providing value and the best features in a market that's more interested in these aspects, rather than having the 'right' name on the head tube. While many other German brands fighting to sell have gone down the path of the direct sale option, Cube has avoided it and built the business on the traditional dealer model. Though the sales model is traditional, that does not mean that their technical approach is the same. They have also managed to hold the price line well in comparison with some of their direct sales competitors. They haven't been big fans of marketing and their small marketing department is a testimony to this. The company owner Marcus Purner has built the company on the ethos that their best advertisements are the bikes themselves.
Established during the early mountain bike trend in the 1990s, Cube Bikes has grown over the 24 years of its existence to become one of the leading bike companies of Germany. Cube electric bike is the largest bike firm in the world in terms of volume. That is quite a feat when you think that Cube bikes are not available in America, plus the fact that it is totally owned privately.
Combining Bosch power with the tested hardtail and cross country platform, Cube Hybrid is an electric mountain bike, that allows you to ride XC trails with minimal effort. Designed for efficiency and speed on everything from single track trails and gravel tracks to urban roads, the Cube Reaction Hybrid provides superb handling.
This German company is one largest bike producers of Europe, selling around half a million bikes every year, billing over 800 per day on average. It also manufactures some amazing Cube e-bikes, from touring and urban style bikes to fatty, hardtail and full suspension mountain bikes. Cube electric bikes are sold in the US through a limited dealer's network, but they have long-term plans of expanding in the North American market and are also accessible in Canada through select dealers.
Cube uses a split wheel size with the frame sizing. This is because they think that it is easier for smaller riders to mount with 27.5inch wheels whereas larger riders find that 29" wheels provide a better fit. Every model in this range is accessible with 27.5" and 29" wheels.
The suspension fork can smooth out trails as well as give you complete confidence on potholed roads. The full suspension system is Bosch designed and that's what makes it a go-everywhere bike. Every Cube bike features a suspension fork with over 100 mm of suspension travel. HPA Pro models get coil sprung reliability in the Suntour XCR32, with a remote lockout lever for improved efficiency on smoother trails.
Next articleShould You Consider Buying a Hybrid Bike?


text:
JOAN MIR TO RACE WITH NUMBER 36 FOR 2021 SEASON
#TheDecision
stories joanmir
After taking the MotoGP World Championship crown in sublime style during a unique racing season, Team Suzuki Ecstar's Joan Mir was left with the decision of which number to run on the front of his GSX-RR for 2021. His final choice is to keep his beloved number: 36.
His final choice is to keep his beloved number: 36.
As is racing tradition, the reigning champion is the only rider with the right to use number one on their machine during the successive season after winning a title. Mir took into consideration the various pros and cons of running with either number, but the 36 still carries a lot of significance for him:
"More than anything, it represents hard work. I want to continue this way of working and get the opportunity to win more titles. And perhaps if I do win again, I will choose the number one. But for now I feel very happy with this decision and I want to thank the fans for their support."
More than anything, it represents hard work.
"It really was a difficult decision to make, it took a lot of consideration and thought. There are benefits to both; on one hand it's a great opportunity to use the number one on your bike because it's something you've truly earned and also it can look really cool! But equally, number 36 has meant so much to me over the years. It's almost a part of me, and that's why I wanted to continue with it."
blog joanmir
"The fans give sense to this racing world..."
After the glory of a MotoGP crown, anything less was always going to seem below-par for Team Suzuki Ecstar's Joan Mir, but the Mallorcan fought back to a top three title finish and learned lessons on the way…
HOW DOES TEAM SUZUKI ECSTAR SOUND?
Do you like music? We think it's one of the most beautiful things in life!
The one and only thing that can transverse any language barrier, that unites different cultures, something that everyone feels and understands.
Music is like racing; it can be full emotions ranging from joy to despair, it can pick you up in hard times and motivate you, it can even make you feel like dancing!
Do you want to know what Team Suzuki Ecstar sounds like? It's not only the roar of our GSX-RR! During this 2021 season we want to bring you closer to us, a next level experience. We want to share the passion we all have for racing through music, and we want you to join in too. This is how Suzuki Ecstar Sounds was born.
SUZUKI'S ONLINE PODIUM
The Portuguese GP saw our first podium result of the year, a third place for Joan Mir, but a shock Covid-19 result meant we had to adapt fast to a new way of working - here's the story behind our digital podium place…


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text:
November Menu Price Inflation is Highest in 40 Years
Experts say customers won't accept the hikes much longer.
Consumer Trends | December 10, 2021 | Ben Coley
The U.S.' consumer price index lifted 6.8 percent in November, which is the largest jump since June 1982.
Menu price inflation in November rose at a pace not seen in four decades, as restaurants continue to pass along macroeconomic cost pressures to the consumer.
The index for food away from home rose 5.8 percent year-over-year, the biggest change since the period ending January 1982. That included a 7.9 percent increase in limited-service meals year-over-year and a 6 percent rise in full-service meals, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The index for food away from home rose 0.6 percent in November month-over-month, after a 0.8 percent jump in October. Quick-service meals increased 1 percent month-over-month while full-service meals grew 0.4 percent.
The news comes just a month after the BLS reported quick-service menu prices rose 7.1 percent and full-service meals lifted 5.9 percent year-over-year in October—both the largest 12-month increases in recorded history.
Overall, the U.S.'s consumer price index lifted 6.8 percent in November, which is the largest increase since June 1982.
Despite the trend, major quick-service players like McDonald's and Chipotle haven't noticed much pushback from customers, who seem willing to accept the hikes. Several brands suggest their value-based menu allows more room for price increases, such as Jack in the Box. The brand's 0.1 percent increase in same-store sales in Q4 were "heavily driven" by pricing, and the chain's data shows there's opportunity to push costs even more.
In 2021, Jack's prices rose 3.5 percent. CFO Tim Mullany said there's usually four opportunities to price annually, but in 2022, the company will look to accelerate that pace while keeping tabs on consumer sensitivity.
"This is something that's clearly top priority for the company," Mullany said. "We understand the margin pressures and headwinds we have, and we understand our ability to mitigate those by taking price and, again, that we have dry powder to do that. So, we're actively evaluating that acceleration."
But some say it won't be long until consumers refuse to accept pricing actions. Fazoli's CEO Carl Howard believes "stealth inflation" (aka the nickel and dime increases of menu items) is "going to smack the consumer right in the face" in the coming months.
"We're skating on very thin ice with the consumer," he says. "We don't have enough help. Supply chain is an issue. … Discretionary income is going to drop. You're going to see a rapid rise in the value menu."
Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate, said in a note that inflation is outpacing household income, and that reality is significantly impacting consumer confidence, which is at a decade low.
"It is only a matter of time before it impacts consumer spending in a material way," McBride said.
Restaurants nationwide have frequently turned to menu price increases to counteract the rising costs of labor and commodities, two issues that seem to be here for the long-term. Despite chains raising wages to improve retention and recruitment, accommodation and food services saw job openings increase by 254,000 in October, according to the BLS. Food and drinking places only gained 11,000 jobs in November, and are still 750,000 shy of where they were pre-COVID.
As for the costs of goods sold—a lot of which has been impacted by labor shortages in the supply chain—the price of beef and veal grew 57 percent, grains jumped 55 percent, and shortening and cooking oil rose 41.5 percent in October compared to 2020.
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text:
Bush explains reaction to September 11 attacks
Posted By:Unknown | At:10:37 AM Be the first to comment!
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Former President George W. Bush says his apparent lack of reaction to the first news of the September 11 2001 attacks was a conscious decision to project an aura of calm in a crisis.
In a rare interview with the National Geographic Channel, Bush reflects on what was going through his mind at the most dramatic moment of his presidency when he was informed that a second passenger jet had hit New York's World Trade Center.
Bush was visiting a Florida classroom and the incident, which was caught on TV film, and has often been used by critics to ridicule his apparently blank face.
"My first reaction was anger. Who the hell would do that to America? Then I immediately focused on the children, and the contrast between the attack and the innocence of children," Bush says in an excerpt of the interview shown to television writers on Thursday.
Bush said he could see the news media at the back of the classroom getting the news on their own cellphones "and it was like watching a silent movie."
Bush said he quickly realized that a lot of people beyond the classroom would be watching for his reaction.
"So I made the decision not to jump up immediately and leave the classroom. I didn't want to rattle the kids. I wanted to project a sense of calm," he said of his decision to remain seated and silent.
"I had been in enough crises to know that the first thing a leader has to do is to project calm," he added.
The National Geographic Channel will broadcast the hour-long interview on August 28 as part of a week of programs on the cable network called "Remembering 9/11" that mark the 10th anniversary of the attacks.
The interview was recorded over two days in May, without any questions being submitted in advance, the channel said.
Categories: President George W. Bush, September 11th, Think On This...