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Eating Animals PDF Free Download
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Can eating animal flesh ever be ethical?
Author: Foer Jonathan Safran. 1005 downloads 8089 Views 1MB Size Report. This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Mindless Eating PDF book by Brian Wansink Read Online or Free Download in ePUB, PDF, azw3 or MOBI eBooks. Published in 2006 the book become immediate popular and critical acclaim in non fiction, food and drink books. The main characters of Mindless Eating novel are John, Emma. The book has been awarded with Booker Prize, Edgar Awards and many. Eat is also given. Fill in the blanks in the table. Activity 7 Have a look again at Table 1.5 and group the animals entered here as follows. Place animals which eat only plants or plant products in Group 1. These are called herbivores. There are some animals which eat other animals. Place these in Group 2. These animals are called carnivores. Download for Free Animals And The Economy The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series - 2021.
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Total pages : 9
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Genre : Social Science
Publisher : Back Bay Books
ISBN_10 : 0316069884
File Format : All Formats
File Download : 368
Eating Animals Ebook Free Download
Like many young Americans, Jonathan Safran Foer spent much of his teenage and college years oscillating between enthusiastic carnivore and occasional vegetarian. As he became a husband, and then a father, the moral dimensions of eating became increasingly important to him. Faced with the prospect of being unable to explain why we eat some animals and not others, Foer set out to explore the origins of many eating traditions and the fictions involved with creating them. Traveling to the darkest corners of our dining habits, Foer raises the unspoken question behind every fish we eat, every chicken we fry, and every burger we grill. Part memoir and part investigative report, Eating Animals is a book that, in the words of the Los Angeles Times, places Jonathan Safran Foer 'at the table with our greatest philosophers.'
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Publsiher : Back Bay Books
From the Publisher: Jonathan Safran Foer spent much of his teenage and college years oscillating between omnivore and vegetarian. But on the brink of fatherhood-facing the prospect of having to make dietary choices on a child's behalf-his casual questioning took on an urgency. His quest for answers ultimately required him to visit factory farms in the middle of the night, dissect the emotional ingredients of meals from his childhood, and probe some of his most primal instincts about right and wrong. Brilliantly synthesizing philosophy, literature, science, memoir and his own detective work, Eating Animals explores the many fictions we use to justify our eating habits-from folklore to pop culture to family traditions and national myth-and how such tales can lull us into a brutal forgetting. Marked by Foer's profound moral ferocity and unvarying generosity, as well as the vibrant style and creativity that made his previous books, Everything is Illuminated and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, widely loved, Eating Animals is a celebration and a reckoning, a story about the stories we've told-and the stories we now need to tell.
Publsiher : Little, Brown Young Readers
Faced with the prospect of being unable to explain to his children why people eat some animals and not others, Foer set out to explore the origins of many eating traditions and the fictions involved with creating them.
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Publsiher : Little, Brown
Part memoir and part investigative report, Eating Animals is the groundbreaking moral examination of vegetarianism, farming, and the food we eat every day that inspired the documentary of the same name. Bestselling author Jonathan Safran Foer spent much of his life oscillating between enthusiastic carnivore and occasional vegetarian. For years he was content to live with uncertainty about his own dietary choices but once he started a family, the moral dimensions of food became increasingly important. Faced with the prospect of being unable to explain why we eat some animals and not others, Foer set out to explore the origins of many eating traditions and the fictions involved with creating them. Traveling to the darkest corners of our dining habits, Foer raises the unspoken question behind every fish we eat, every chicken we fry, and every burger we grill. Part memoir and part investigative report, Eating Animals is a book that, in the words of the Los Angeles Times, places Jonathan Safran Foer 'at the table with our greatest philosophers' -and a must-read for anyone who cares about building a more humane and healthy world.
That s why We Don t Eat Animals
Publsiher : North Atlantic Books
An introduction to vegetarianism and veganism features an endearing cast of animals shown in both their natural state and in the terrible conditions of the factory farm, describing the negative effects that eating meat has on the environment.
Why We Love Dogs Eat Pigs and Wear Cows
Author : Melanie Joy
Publsiher : Red Wheel
Why We Love Dogs Eat Pigs and Wear Cows Book Review:
An Introduction to Carnism. "An important and groundbreaking contribution to the struggle for the welfare of animals." — Yuval Harari, New York Times best-selling author of Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind "An absorbing examination of why humans feel affection and compassion for certain animals but are callous to the suffering of others." — Publishers Weekly Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows offers an absorbing look at what social psychologist Melanie Joy calls carnism, the belief system that conditions us to eat certain animals when we would never dream of eating others. Carnism causes extensive animal suffering and global injustice, and it drives us to act against our own interests and the interests of others without fully realizing what we are doing. Becoming aware of what carnism is and how it functions is vital to personal empowerment and social transformation, as it enables us to make our food choices more freely—because without awareness, there is no free choice.
Publsiher : Routledge
Intensive animal agriculture wrongs many, many animals. Philosophers have argued, on this basis, that most people in wealthy Western contexts are morally obligated to avoid animal products. This book explains why the author thinks that's mistaken. He reaches this negative conclusion by contending that the major arguments for veganism fail: they don't establish the right sort of connection between producing and eating animal-based foods. Moreover, if they didn't have this problem, then they would have other ones: we wouldn't be obliged to abstain from all animal products, but to eat strange things instead—e.g., roadkill, insects, and things left in dumpsters. On his view, although we have a collective obligation not to farm animals, there is no specific diet that most individuals ought to have. Nevertheless, he does think that some people are obligated to be vegans, but that's because they've joined a movement, or formed a practical identity, that requires that sacrifice. This book argues that there are good reasons to make such a move, albeit not ones strong enough to show that everyone must do likewise.
Eating Animals Is Weird
Author : Bryony Sumner
Eating Animals is Weird is a children's board book for the youngest of readers. The book gently challenges the idea that eating non-human animals and consuming their secretions is natural and normal through the use of silly humor and images. The style of this book allows for parents to discuss this topic with their children in a light way that is not too sad or scary for them.
Publsiher : Allen & Unwin
'Compelling, illuminating and often confronting, On Eating Meat is a brilliant blend of a gastronome's passion with forensic research into the sources of the meat we eat. Matthew Evans brings his unflinching honesty - and a farmer's hands-on experience - to the question of how to be an ethical carnivore.' Hugh Mackay 'Intellectually thrilling - a book that challenges both vegans and carnivores in the battle for a new ethics of eating. This book will leave you surprised, engrossed and sometimes shocked - whatever your food choices.' Richard Glover How can 160,000 deaths in one day constitute a 'medium-sized operation'? Think beef is killing the world? What about asparagus farms? Or golf? Eat dairy? You'd better eat veal, too. Going vegan might be all the rage, but the fact is the world has an ever-growing, insatiable appetite for meat - especially cheap meat. Former food critic and chef, now farmer and restaurateur Matthew Evans grapples with the thorny issues around the ways we produce and consume animals. From feedlots and abattoirs, to organic farms and animal welfare agencies, he has an intimate, expert understanding of the farming practices that take place in our name. Evans calls for less radicalisation, greater understanding, and for ethical omnivores to stand up for the welfare of animals and farmers alike. Sure to spark intense debate, On Eating Meat is an urgent read for all vegans, vegetarians and carnivores.
Publsiher : Penguin
The New York Times bestselling author Jonathan Safran Foer re-evaluated his meat-based diet--and his conscience--in his powerful memoir and investigative report, Eating Animals. Now, he offers a mind-bending and potentially world-changing call to action on climate change. Most books about the environmental crisis are densely academic, depressingly doom-laden, and crammed with impersonal statistics. We Are the Weather is different--accessible, immediate, and with a single clear solution that individual readers can put into practice straight away. A significant proportion of global carbon emissions come from farming meat. Giving up meat is incredibly hard and nobody is perfect--but just cutting back is much easier and still has a huge positive effect on the environment. Just changing our dinners--cutting out meat for one meal per day--is enough to change the world. With his distinctive wit, insight, and humanity, Foer frames this essential debate as no one else could, bringing it to vivid and urgent life.
Shakespeare in a Divided America
Author : James Shapiro
One of the New York Times Ten Best Books of the Year • A National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist • A New York Times Notable Book A timely exploration of what Shakespeare's plays reveal about our divided land. "In this sprightly and enthralling book . . . Shapiro amply demonstrates [that] for Americans the politics of Shakespeare are not confined to the public realm, but have enormous relevance in the sphere of private life." —The Guardian (London) The plays of William Shakespeare are rare common ground in the United States. For well over two centuries, Americans of all stripes—presidents and activists, soldiers and writers, conservatives and liberals alike—have turned to Shakespeare's works to explore the nation's fault lines. In a narrative arching from Revolutionary times to the present day, leading scholar James Shapiro traces the unparalleled role of Shakespeare's four-hundred-year-old tragedies and comedies in illuminating the many concerns on which American identity has turned. From Abraham Lincoln's and his assassin, John Wilkes Booth's, competing Shakespeare obsessions to the 2017 controversy over the staging of Julius Caesar in Central Park, in which a Trump-like leader is assassinated, Shakespeare in a Divided America reveals how no writer has been more embraced, more weaponized, or has shed more light on the hot-button issues in our history.
Publsiher : Oxford University Press, USA
The Moral Complexities of Eating Meat Book Review:
This volume collects twelve new essays by leading moral philosophers on a vitally important topic: the ethics of eating meat. Some of the key questions examined include: Are animals harmed or benefited by our practice of raising and killing them for food? Do the realities of the marketplace entail that we have no power as individuals to improve the lives of any animals by becoming vegetarian, and if so, have we any reason to stop eating meat? Suppose it is morally wrong to eat meat--should we be blamed for doing so? If we should be vegetarians, what sort should we be?
Ethics and Animals
Author : Lori Gruen
Publsiher : Cambridge University Press
In this comprehensive introduction to animal ethics, Lori Gruen weaves together poignant and provocative case studies with discussions of ethical theory, urging readers to engage critically and empathetically reflect on our treatment of other animals. In clear and accessible language, Gruen provides a survey of the issues central to human-animal relations and a reasoned new perspective on current key debates in the field. She analyses and explains a range of theoretical positions and poses challenging questions that directly encourage readers to hone their ethical reasoning skills and to develop a defensible position about their own practices. Her book will be an invaluable resource for students in a wide range of disciplines including ethics, environmental studies, veterinary science, women's studies, and the emerging field of animal studies and is an engaging account of the subject for general readers with no prior background in philosophy.
The Heavens Are Empty Discovering the Lost Town of Trochenbrod
Author : Avrom Bendavid-Val
The Heavens Are Empty Discovering the Lost Town of Trochenbrod Book Review:
A magical place, a lost history: Trochenbrod, the setting for Everything is Illuminated, is now rediscovered for a new generation. In the 19th century, nearly five million Jews lived in the Pale of Settlement. Most lived in shtetls—Jewish communities connected to larger towns—images of which are ingrained in popular imagination as the shtetl Anatevka from Fiddler on the Roof. Brimming with life and tradition, family and faith, these shtetls existed in the shadow of their town's oppressive anti-Jewish laws. Not Trochenbrod. Trochenbrod was the only freestanding, fully realized Jewish town in history. It began with a few Jewish settlers searching for freedom from the Russian Czars' oppressive policies, which included the forced conscriptions of one son from each Jewish family household throughout Russia. At first, Trochenbrod was just a tiny row of houses built on empty marshland in the middle of the Radziwill Forest, yet for the next 130 years it thrived, becoming a bustling marketplace where people from all over the Ukraine and Poland came to do business. But this scene of ethnic harmony was soon shattered, as Trochenbrod vanished in 1941—her residents slaughtered, her homes, buildings, and factories razed to the ground. Yet even the Nazis could not destroy the spirit of Trochenbrod, which has lived on in stories and legends about a little piece of heaven, hidden deep in the forest. Bendavid-Val, himself a descendant of Trochenbrod, masterfully preserves and fosters the memory of this city, celebrating the vibrant lives of her people and her culture, proving true the words of one of Trochenbrod's greatest poets, Yisrael Beider: I beg you hold fast to these words of mine. After this darkness a light will shine
Publsiher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Winner of two 2017 Guild of Food Writers Awards: best Food Book Award and the Campaigning and Investigative Food Work Award Shortlisted for the 2017 Fortnum & Mason Food Book of the Year A BBC Radio 4 Food Programme Book of the Year 2016 A Guardian Book of the Year 2016 We should all know exactly where our meat comes from. But what if you took this modern-day maxim to its logical conclusion and only ate animals you killed yourself? Louise Gray decides to be an ethical carnivore and learn to stalk, shoot and fish. Starting small, Louise shucks oysters and catches a trout. As she begins to reconnect with nature, she befriends countrymen and women who can teach her to shoot pigeons, rabbits and red deer. Louise begins to look into how meat is processed, including the beef in our burgers, cheap chicken, supermarket bacon and farmed fish. She investigates halal slaughter and visits abattoirs to ask whether new technology can make eating meat more humane. Delving into alternative food cultures, Louise finds herself sourcing roadkill and cooking a squirrel stir-fry, and she explores eating other sources of protein like in vitro meat, insects and plant-based options. With the global demand for meat growing, Louise argues that eating less meat should be an essential part of fighting climate change for all of us. Her writing on nature, food and the environment is full of humour, while never shying from the hard facts. Louise gets to the heart of modern anxieties about where our meat comes from, asking an important question for our time – is it possible to be an ethical carnivore?
Baby Animals Eating
Author : Suzi Eszterhas
Publsiher : Baby Animals
See what baby animals eat in the third book of this nonfiction series
Meat Logic
Author : Charles Horn
Publsiher : CreateSpace
Why do we eat animals? Most of us think this question is absurd, but if pressed to answer we tend to provide one of a number of rationalizations. For example: 'Humans are omnivores.' "Every living thing eats other living things." 'Animals don't possess human cognition.' "Humans need to eat animals to live." We've all heard these arguments before, and many others too. Maybe we've even used these arguments ourselves. But are they logically sound? Or is eating animals in fact a prejudice, involving a thought process similar to the thought process behind racism and sexism? How exactly could the subject of eating animals teach us anything about prejudice and human rights? And supposing humans actually did need to eat animals to stay healthy, what can logic tell us about how we should act in such a situation? In this book we examine 31 categories of rationalizations for eating animals and put them all to the test. Do our thoughts and actions stand up to rational scrutiny or not? And if our thought process is ever failing us, can this be illuminated? Along with presenting a review of some of the important philosophical literature on the subject, Meat Logic examines the logic of eating animals to answer the age-old question once and for all. You may never think of food the same way again.
Eat Like You Care
Author : Gary Lawrence Francione,Anna Charlton
***SPECIAL OFFER***Take $2 OFF per copy purchased through CreateSpace (https://www.createspace.com/4423398) with discount code: Z8RZS95MThis book puts the issue of eating animals squarely on the table.We all claim to care about animals and to regard them as having at least some moral value. We all claim to agree that it's wrong to inflict "unnecessary" suffering and death on animals and--whatever disagreement we may have about when animal use is necessary—we all agree that the suffering and death of animals cannot be justified by human pleasure, amusement, or convenience. We condemn Michael Vick for dog fighting precisely because we feel strongly that any pleasure that Vick got from this activity could not possibly justify what he did.So how can we justify the fact that we kill many billions of land animals and fish every year for food? However "humanely" we treat and kill these animals, the amount of animal suffering we cause is staggering. Yet no one maintains that animal foods are necessary for optimal health. Indeed, mounting empirical evidence points to animal foods being detrimental for human health. But however you evaluate that evidence, there can be no serious doubt that we can have excellent health with a vegan diet. There is also broad consensus that animal agriculture is an ecological disaster. Animal agriculture is responsible for water pollution, air pollution, deforestation, soil erosion, inefficient use of plant protein and water, and all sorts of other environmental harms. The best justification we have for the unimaginable amount of suffering and death that we impose on animals is that they taste good. We enjoy the taste of animal foods. But how is this any different from Michal Vick claiming that his dog fighting operation was justifiable because he enjoyed watching dogs fight? Vick liked sitting around a pit watching animals fight. We enjoy sitting around the summer barbecue pit roasting the corpses of animals who have had lives and deaths that are as bad, if not worse than, Vick's dogs. What is the difference between Michael Vick and those of us who eat animal foods?This book shows that there is no difference, or at least not any difference that matters morally.Francione and Charlton argue that if you think animals matter morally—if you reject the idea that animals are just things—your own beliefs require that you stop eating animal products. There is nothing 'extreme' about a vegan diet; what is extreme is the inconsistency between what we say we believe and how we act where animals are concerned.Many of us are uneasy thinking about the animals who end up on our plates. We may have thought about stopping eating animal products but there are many excuses that have kept us from doing so. The authors explore the 30+ excuses they have heard as long-time vegans and address each one, showing why these excuses don't work. Packed with clear, commonsense thinking on animal ethics, without jargon or complicated theory, this book will change the way you think about what you eat.
The Modern Savage
Author : James McWilliams
Publsiher : Macmillan
Just Food author James McWilliams's exploration of the 'compassionate carnivore' movement and the paradox of humanity's relationship with animals. In the last four decades, food reformers have revealed the ecological and ethical problems of eating animals raised in industrial settings, turning what was once the boutique concern of radical eco-freaks into a mainstream movement. Although animal products are often labeled 'cage free,' 'free range,' and 'humanely raised,' can we trust these goods to be safe, sound, or ethical? In The Modern Savage, renowned writer, historian, and animal advocate James McWilliams pushes back against the questionable moral standards of a largely omnivorous world and explores the 'alternative to the alternative'-not eating domesticated animals at all. In poignant, powerful, and persuasive prose, McWilliams reveals the scope of the cruelty that takes place even on the smallest and-supposedly-most humane animal farms. In a world increasingly aware of animals' intelligence and the range of their emotions, McWilliams advocates for the only truly moral, sustainable choice-a diet without meat, dairy, or other animal products. The Modern Savage is a riveting expose of an industry that has typically hidden behind a veil of morality, and a compelling account of how to live a more economical, environmental, and ethical life.
Meathooked
Author : Marta Zaraska
Publsiher : Basic Books
A few years ago, Marta Zaraska's mother decided to go vegetarian after stumbling upon an article on the health risks of eating meat. Her resolve lasted about a fortnight before the juicy hams and the creamy pâtés began creeping back into her refrigerator. Prodded to explain her lapse, she replied, "I like meat, I eat it, end of story." Many of us have had a similar experience. What makes us crave animal protein, and what makes it so hard to give up? And if all the studies are correct, and consuming meat is truly unhealthy for us, why didn't evolution turn us all into vegetarians in the first place? In Meathooked, Zaraska explores what she calls the "meat puzzle": our love of meat, despite its harmful effects. Scientific journals overflow with reports of red meat raising the risk of certain cancers; each hamburger contributes as much to global warming as does driving a car 320 miles; and the horrors of industrial meat production are now well-known. None of these facts have prompted us to give up our hamburgers and steaks. On the contrary, meat consumption has only increased over the past decades. Taking the reader to India's unusual steakhouses, animal sacrifices at temples in Benin, and labs in Pennsylvania where meat is being grown in petri dishes, Zaraska examines the history and future of meat and meat-eating, showing that while our increasing consumption of meat can be attributed in part to the power of the meat industry and the policies of our governments, the main "hooks" that keep us addicted to meat are much older: genes and culture. An original and thought-provoking exploration of carnivorousness, Meathooked explains one of the most enduring features of human civilization—and why meat-eating will continue to shape our bodies and our world into the foreseeable future.
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Suddenly, the hikers saw the mountain lion on the trail ahead of there path.
in the trail ahead of there path.
on the trail ahead there path.
on the trail ahead of there path.
on the trail up ahead of there path.
on the trail ahead of their path.
The underlined portion of the sentence needs one change to one word. "There," indicating a location, should be changed to "their," the third person plural possessive. Thus, "on the trail up ahead of their path" is the correct answer choice.
When you are done with the book, please bring it to myself.
The use of "myself" in the sentence is incorrect, as "myself" is a referential pronoun, but has nothing in the sentence to refer to earlier in the sentence; therefore, "to me" is the correct answer choice.
Fine tuning the book took a great deal of time due to it's massive length.
due to it is massive length.
because of it's massive length.
due to it's massive longevity.
due to it's massive length.
due to its massive length.
The use of the word "it's" is incorrect in the sentence, as "it's" is only the contraction of "it is." The possessive form is always "its," making the correct answer "due to its massive length."
The issue was first brought to myself well over five years ago.
The issue was first brought to my own self well over five years ago.
The issue being first brought to myself well over five years ago.
The issue was first bringing to myself well over five years ago.
The issue was first brought to me well over five years ago.
The use of the pronoun "myself" in the sentence is wrong, as it is the only use of a first person pronoun, and needs a previous usage to refer to; therefore, the word needs to be changed to the simple first person pronoun, "me," which makes "The issue was first brought to me well over five years ago," the correct answer choice.
For no apparent reason, the boy harbors a great deal of anger toward myself.
a great deal of anger toward me.
a great deal of anger for myself.
a great deal of angry toward myself.
a great deal of anger toward myself.
a great deal of anger to myself.
The use of the reflexive pronoun in this sentence is incorrect, as there is no previous use of the first person pronoun to which it can refer. The word "myself" needs to changed to the simple first person objective pronoun, "me." Therefore, the correct answer choice is "a great deal of anger toward me."
Many people do not trust them to watch their own weight.
them to watch their own weight.
themself to watch their selves own weight.
themselves to watch their own weight.
themselves to watch their selves own weight.
The use of "them" is imprecise, as it is unclear who exactly "them" is referring to in the sentence. To clear up this confusion, the use of "themselves" is the best way to indicate this usage refers to the subject of the sentence. "Themselves to watch their own weight" is the correct answer choice.
The issue was brought to myself as soon as he was aware of the problem.
The use of the reflexive pronoun "myself" is incorrect when it has no previous first person pronoun to refer to. "Myself" must be replaced by the simple first person objective pronoun "me." As the only answer choice to make this change, "The issue was brought to me" is the correct answer.
The boys all arrived together to make sure they had a numerical advantage on they're side.
The key grammatical issue in the sentence is that two homonyms are confused, creating a mispelling in "they're." "They're" is actually the contraction for "they are," while the sentence needs the third person plural possesive form. "On their side" is the correct answer choice.
The police searched for weeks for a mugger that fit the given description.
A mugger that fit the given description was searched for for weeks by the police.
The police searched for weeks for a mugger who fit the given description.
The police, searching for weeks for a mugger, which fit the given description.
The police searched for weeks for a mugger, one that fit the given description.
The error in the original sentence is that the word "that" cannot modify people. "Who" must be used to refer to the mugger.
The teacher had to repeat many questions to her students, which were very sleepy that day.
Because the word being chosen is referring to a group of people ("students"), you need to use "who."


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The DOJ's 'Crypto Enforcement Framework' Argues Against Privacy Tools and for International Regulation
The Justice Department's new crypto enforcement framework lays out its case for prosecuting alleged crimes around the world while taking aim at privacy-enhancing tools.
Oct 8, 2020 at 6:14 p.m. UTC
U.S. Attorney General William Barr unveiled on Thursday a detailed examination of how his agency is approaching the cryptocurrency space.
U.S. Attorney General William Barr's Department of Justice (DOJ) believes cryptocurrencies pose an emerging challenge to law enforcement activities, according to a new publication filed Thursday.
The DOJ's "Cryptocurrency: An Enforcement Framework" document, published by the Attorney General's Cyber-Digital Task Force, outlines what cryptocurrencies are and their potential use cases, including sections on both legitimate and illicit uses (though the "legitimate uses" section was shorter and more skeptical). Crypto has been used to support terrorism, purchase illicit items, conduct blackmail and extortion, cryptojacking and launder funds, according to the document, and the DOJ has spent the last two years determining how best to address these issues.
"Those efforts are paying off," wrote Sujit Raman, the task force's chair, referencing recent cases against would-be token issuer Telegram; child-exploitation ring Welcome to Video; sanctions designations and other efforts. And while the report was published by the DOJ, it encompasses efforts by all parts of the federal government, including civil regulatory agencies.
In a statement, Attorney General William Barr said, "Cryptocurrency is a technology that could fundamentally transform how human beings interact, and how we organize society. Ensuring that use of this technology is safe, and does not imperil our public safety or our national security, is vitally important to America and its allies."
The report itself is split into three sections: an overview of the cryptocurrency space and its current illicit uses; the laws and regulatory agencies that oversee the space; and the current challenges and potential strategies to address them.
The report warns that cryptocurrencies are more difficult for investigators to learn about than previous tools for executing crimes, citing pump-and-dump schemes as one example.
Cryptocurrency is a technology that could fundamentally transform how human beings interact, and how we organize society. Ensuring that use of this technology is safe, and does not imperil our public safety or our national security, is vitally important to America and its allies.
Investigators must learn to use "specialized communications applications," the report said. Further, the markets being used evolve rapidly, with the report pointing to how the initial coin offering boom has given way to decentralized finance markets. The fact that blockchains are borderless, allowing anyone from any part of the world to interact with the markets, "adds a further layer of complexity."
"Finally, decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer exchangers, and anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies that use non-public or private blockchains all can further obscure financial transactions from legitimate scrutiny," the report said.
Much of the first section of the report simply provides an overview of cryptocurrencies, blockchain and distributed ledgers more broadly and how they've been used over the past few years.
The report distinguishes between virtual currencies, which are a "digital representation of value," and cryptocurrencies, which it describes as being in a subset of virtual currencies that are decentralized and based on blockchains.
It goes on to explain addresses, wallets, miners and other aspects, noting that while some transactions are private and easy to query on the blockchain, some cryptocurrencies emphasize privacy (the DOJ does not appear to be a fan of these currencies).
"As discussed in Part I, a wide range of criminal activity may involve or be facilitated by the use of cryptocurrency. On numerous occasions, the Department of Justice has used available legal tools to pursue successful prosecutions of such activity," the report said in the opening to its second section.
Read more: The DOJ Wants to Hire a Crypto Crime Attorney Adviser
It summarizes the U.S. government's actions over the past few years. In addition to criminal cases brought by the DOJ, civil cases brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) were highlighted, such as the SEC's case against Telegram, which raised $1.7 billion in an initial coin offering but ultimately had to refund investors.
Agencies with oversight or enforcement power in the space include the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the SEC, the CFTC and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The Financial Action Task Force (FATF), an intergovernmental organization that provides standards and recommendations for international money laundering rules, also received a mention.
It is the third section, "Ongoing Challenges and Future Strategies," however, the DOJ noted that some exchanges and entities play "jurisdictional arbitrage," looking for the friendliest jurisdiction in which to operate. This can harm law enforcement agencies' efforts to "investigate, prosecute and prevent criminal activity" that involves virtual assets, the report claimed.
"In the United States, AML/CFT standards have been in place for [money services businesses, or MSB] engaged in virtual asset activities since 2011, and yet many [virtual asset service providers, or VASP] still are operating in ways that do not comply with the [Bank Secrecy Act, or BSA] and other regulatory requirements," the report said, referring to anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism standards.
This concern is exacerbated with companies that operate across different countries. A VASP might apply a different standard within the U.S. than it does outside it, or use different standards for crypto-to-fiat transactions compared to crypto-to-crypto transactions, the report claimed.
"Such behaviors are flatly inconsistent with VASPs' BSA obligations and can create significant financial intelligence gaps," it said.
Read more: US Antitrust Chief Says Protecting Blockchain From Competitive Abuses Is Top Priority
The DOJ report also took particular aim at privacy coins, mixers, tumblers and other tools that are intended to conceal aspects of transactions.
Any website that offers mixing or tumbling services is "engaged in money transmission," meaning it is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act. Websites that don't follow the BSA or similar international regulations might face criminal prosecution, the report said.
As part of this section, the DOJ maintained its right and ability to prosecute violations conducted by entities based outside the U.S. should those entities still involve U.S. persons or services.
"The Department also has robust authority to prosecute VASPs and other entities and individuals that violate U.S. law even when they are not located inside the United States," the report said. "Where virtual asset transactions touch financial, data storage, or other computer systems within the United States, the Department generally has jurisdiction to prosecute the actors who direct or conduct those transactions."
While the DOJ most recently filed charges against BitMEX, it has in the past also gone after other non-U.S. based entities, such as 1broker.
'Response strategies'
The report similarly had an emphasis on national security concerns created by cryptocurrencies in its conclusion, saying rogue states and terrorists could take advantage of decentralized assets to undermine financial markets, avoid sanctions and fund harmful activities.
"As the use of cryptocurrency evolves and expands, so too will opportunities to commit crime and to do harm by exploiting cryptocurrency technology," the report said. "Ultimately, illicit uses of cryptocurrency threaten not just public safety, but national security, as well … Current terrorist use of cryptocurrency may represent the first raindrops of an oncoming storm of expanded use that could challenge the ability of the United States and its allies to disrupt financial resources that would enable terrorist organizations to more successfully execute their deadly missions or to expand their influence."
Current terrorist use of cryptocurrency may represent the first raindrops of an oncoming storm of expanded use that could challenge the ability of the United States and its allies to disrupt financial resources that would enable terrorist organizations to more successfully execute their deadly missions or to expand their influence.
A large part of the DOJ's future efforts will depend on education around the cryptocurrency space, bringing regulators and government officials fully up to speed as the space evolves.
The report stressed that private stakeholders in the industry must work with regulators and elected officials.
Federal authorities must also work with state officials, the report said, to ensure "de-confliction" while conducting investigations.
"Indeed, for cryptocurrency to realize its truly transformative potential, it is imperative that these risks be addressed," the report concluded.
BTC$22,972

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Five reasons you should join the claim.
Taking legal action will disincentivise this type of corporate behaviour and help to ensure that companies don't put the public's health at risk.
If you have an affected vehicle, the likelihood is that you overpaid for it and you may be entitled to financial compensation. In addition, the resale value of your vehicle may also be affected.
Joining the group legal action against Volkswagen is straightforward. You will be represented by Slater and Gordon Limited which is leading the action against VW. Once you have provided your details, the necessary information about your car and have confirmed that you wish us to act for you, we will proceed with the case on your behalf at no cost to you.
A Company found to have been dishonest to its customers should be held to account for their actions and be penalised. VW was a trusted brand and if it is found that management of VW knowingly fitted cars with cheat devices and they are made to compensate victims of the scandal, other companies will be discouraged from abusing the trust that the public have put in these companies.


text:
La VI Assemblea nazionale del popolo (cinese: 第一届全国人民代表大会) fu eletta tra il 1982 e il 1983 e restò in carica fino al 1988. Era composta da 2978 deputati e si riunì in cinque sessioni. Si trattò delle prime elezioni dopo l'approvazione della Costituzione del 1982.

Nella prima sessione, che si tenne nel 1983, l'Assemblea elesse le nuove cariche dello Stato:
 presidente della Repubblica Popolare Cinese: Li Xiannian;
 presidente del Comitato permanente dell'Assemblea nazionale del popolo: Peng Zhen;
 primo ministro del Consiglio di Stato: Zhao Ziyang;
 presidente della Commissione militare centrale: Deng Xiaoping;
 presidente della Corte suprema del popolo: Zheng Tianxiang;
 procuratore capo della Procura suprema del Popolo: Yang Yichen;
La carica di presidente della Repubblica Popolare Cinese era stata reintrodotta nella Costituzione del 1982, dopo essere stata abolita nel 1975 su suggerimento del presidente del Partito Comunista Cinese Mao Zedong.

Collegamenti esterni
  Sito ufficiale dell'ANP

6

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
You can convert any configuration tree to an own structure. This example shows
it how to do it. The method ```toElasticConfig``` does the conversion from
a configuration sub-tree to the custom structure ```ElasticConfig``` and
the ```ElasticNodeConfig```.

## Configuration file

```plain
database testdb {
    node "node-00" {
        host "192.168.1.10";
        port 9200;
    }
    node "node-01" {
        host "192.168.1.11";
        port 9200;
    }
    node "node-02" {
        host "192.168.1.12";
        port 9200;
    }
}
```

## Source code

```java
import com.github.twoleds.configuration.Configuration;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        String confStr = "database testdb {\n" +
                "    node \"node-00\" {\n" +
                "        host \"192.168.1.10\";\n" +
                "        port 9200;\n" +
                "    }\n" +
                "    node \"node-01\" {\n" +
                "        host \"192.168.1.11\";\n" +
                "        port 9200;\n" +
                "    }\n" +
                "    node \"node-02\" {\n" +
                "        host \"192.168.1.12\";\n" +
                "        port 9200;\n" +
                "    }\n" +
                "}";
        Configuration conf = Configuration.parse(confStr);

        // convert a configuration sub-tree to a custom structure
        ElasticConfig config = conf.query("database", Test::toElasticConfig);

        // print values from the custom structure
        System.out.println("Name of database: " + config.getName());
        for (ElasticNodeConfig nodeConfig : config.getNodes()) {
            System.out.printf(
                    "\tNode: %s Host: %s Port: %d%n",
                    nodeConfig.getName(),
                    nodeConfig.getHost(),
                    nodeConfig.getPort()
            );
        }

    }

    // conversion function creates from a configuration sub-tree
    // a custom configuration structure
    public static ElasticConfig toElasticConfig(Configuration conf) {
        ElasticConfig c = new ElasticConfig(conf.getString()); // testdb
        for (Configuration nodeConf : conf.queryAll("node")) {
            c.nodes.add(new ElasticNodeConfig(
                    nodeConf.getString(), // node-0X
                    nodeConf.getString("host", ""), // 192.168.1.1X
                    nodeConf.getInteger("port", 9200) // 9200
            ));
        }
        return c;
    }

    public static class ElasticConfig {

        private final String name;
        private final List<ElasticNodeConfig> nodes;

        ElasticConfig(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            this.nodes = new ArrayList<>();
        }

        public String getName() {
            return this.name;
        }

        public List<ElasticNodeConfig> getNodes() {
            return Collections.unmodifiableList(this.nodes);
        }

    }

    public static class ElasticNodeConfig {

        private final String name;
        private final String host;
        private final int port;

        ElasticNodeConfig(String name, String host, int port) {
            this.name = name;
            this.host = host;
            this.port = port;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return this.name;
        }

        public String getHost() {
            return this.host;
        }

        public int getPort() {
            return this.port;
        }

    }

}
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Brăteni este un sat în comuna Dobârceni din județul Botoșani, Moldova, România.

Brăteni, Dobârceni


LITTLE VALLEY – A new demonstration project will be established for best practices and education on managing stormwater around the Cattaraugus County Department of Public Works building in Little Valley.
The project, the brainchild of Ginger Malak, senior regional development coordinator for Southern Tier West, will demonstrate best practices and some bad practices for municipal officials to learn what they can do in their areas, as well as future plans to be a general public educational center with kiosks to describe what is being seen.
The education facility, being done with the cooperation of Cattaraugus County Public Works Commissioner Joseph Pillittere, will have a grand opening May 22.
It will show how some of the management systems are installed and what they are made of.
Malak said an initial installation of some of the demonstration site will be done on April 28 and 29, at the DPW building.
Crews from Alfred State College will be on hand to help install a pervious pavement system as sidewalks and parking squares. The pavement allows water to filter through to prevent standing and pooling water, Malak said. Other items will include dams, liners and many different types of ditches.
Most of the project is being paid for through a $37,050 grant from the Appalachian Regional Commission but donations of time and money still are needed to complete the first phase, Malak said.
The project is still in need of culverts, catch basins, riprap and other items. Businesses that are willing to help out are encouraged to contact Malak at 945-5301, Ext. 2201.


Find local bargains in and near Ecton (Staffordshire).
The listings below are an automated feed from Ebay for the village "Ecton".
View more listed items with "Ecton" in the title. (Problem with any of these listings? Report it to us here).
Ecton near Earls Barton & Northampton # 41.
Ecton Rectory near Northampton by The L.N. Publishing Co. # 196.
Ecton near Earls Barton & Northampton # 181.
Hartington near Ecton & Longnor. Pond.


text:
TicketNetwork withdraws from 'First Five' program following CEO's arrest
Feb. 29, 2012 Updated: Aug. 17, 2017 3:11 a.m.
HARTFORD -- TicketNetwork Inc. says it's withdrawing from a Connecticut state economic development program because of the arrest of the company's chief executive in an alleged hate crime.
The online ticket exchange company announced Wednesday that it was withdrawing from the "First Five" program in an effort to preserve a future relationship with the state.
TicketNetwork and the state announced a $7.75 million loan package for the company last year under the program, which gives businesses financial incentives in exchange for job creation.
TicketNetwork CEO Donald Vaccaro was arrested early Monday on allegations he made a racial insult at an Oscar party in Hartford.
Vaccaro announced Tuesday that he was taking an indefinite leave of absence, after Gov. Dannel P. Malloy said the state is examining the loan deal with TicketNetwork.


With this product, you earn 519 loyalty point(s).
Review: I love these hair extensions, They match my hair perfect, I was scared to get them at first because i didnt think it would match my hair but its the perfect match. They are very soft, silky and very natural looking. I will be ordering more very soon! I would also highly recommend these to anyone!


Achieve Medical Center is a unique, multidisciplinary, private psychiatric and mental health practice.
We provide comprehensive and compassionate mental health and wellness services to children, adolescents, young adults and adults throughout the greater San Diego area.
At Achieve Medical Center, Dr. Inamdar and our team of clinicians love the work we do, and we are passionate in helping everyone who walks into our doors. Our team will confidently help you gain the happiness and success you and your family deserve.
Doctor Stephanie Abel is a licensed Clinical Psychologist in the state of California. She is dedicated to providing supportive, compassionate and culturally sensitive therapy using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Working with Dr. Manish Sheth in his Rancho Mirage, California office is Michelle Brilee, a dual board certified Nurse Practitioner both in family medicine and psychiatrist/mental health.
Amanda Daniels is a board certified Advanced Practice Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP).
Preeti Presswala-Shah is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in San Diego. She has more than 10 years of post-degree clinical experience working in the field as a therapist….


text:
THE CANADIAN TECHNOLOGY CLUSTER DEDICATED TO IoT FOR AI
CONTACT - INTERACT - LEARN
The Cluster (or Industrial Cluster) "AIoT Canada" is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting the growth, competitiveness and influence of its members, locally and internationally.
Through the consolidation of numerous complementary expertise, AIoT Canada increases the capacity of each of its members and enables them to develop competitive and consistent solutions in all areas of IoT application.
Focused primarily on projects that span the entire value chain, AIoT Canada also provides global thinking such as data security, eco-consistency, or the development of regional IoT platforms to repatriate control, security and governance of critical data of our companies.
AIoT Canada Announces New General Manager
MONTREAL- The AIoT Canada Board of Directors is pleased to announce that Nesrine Zemirli is the new general manager of AIoT Canada, effective immediately.
Professor in A.I. Data Science at Collège Bois-de-Boulogne, she is also the co-founder/CEO of SCiiĜO, a firm specialised in AI strategies and end-to-end solutions. She has an international and Canada career, she has held various positions as business development, applied AI expert, data scientist, professor and research, both in public and private institutions.
Nesrine holds a Ph.D in search engine personalization from Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3 University and a professional master's degree in technological project management from Toulouse - Jean Jaurès University in France.
Nesrine joined the board of AIoT Canada in 2020 as Practice Director leading the AI for IoT initiatives within the organisation.
We welcome Ms. Zemirli in her new role, which will be crucial to AIoT Canada growth and relevance.
Join us in wishing Nesrine good luck in her new endeavor
The AIoT Board of directors
AIoT Canada responds to the complexity of IoT projects, which require skills ranging from the design of electronic components to the development of artificial intelligence algorithms in areas as complex and varied as Health, Retail and Industry 4.0.
No company has all these skills internally and the need to group all the necessary partners is a complex task. To meet the growing demand of the market and the lack of qualified resources in this field, AIoT Canada offers the grouping of the best technological partners covering all the necessary expertise.
AIoT Canada will gradually offer the following services:
Search for IoT projects, structure and mesh members according to needs
Access to a collaborative platform for exchange and work between members (exclusive to members)
IoT Solution and Service Provider Classification System (members only)
Development of the "IoT Project Development Framework" (exclusive to members)
IoT Resource Search - publishing job opportunities (exclusive to members)
Promotion of the cluster and members within and outside the region
Foresight workshop in the field of IoT and access to a competitive intelligence platform
Partnership Development in Canada, Europe and the United States
Support for IoT RFP responses (exclusive to members)
Government and Institutional Funding Search (Members Only)
Management of the development project of a regional and national IoT platform
By 2020, 50 billion object will have been connected.
580B$
is the estimated market value for IoT in 2020, with
growth between 7% and 15% per year.
of manufacturers use data from connected objects.
About half of U.S. companies have experienced security issues with IoT.
For any question, request or comment,
please call 514-262-7717 or fill out the form below:
info@aiotcanada.ca


retaining walls, concrete ledge, etc.
Found on a trip to Flamingo.
DESCRIBED BY FL DEPT OF ENV PRO 1994 (LGB) THE MARK IS ABOUT 33.5 MI (53.9 KM) SOUTHWEST OF FLORIDA CITY IN THE EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK. TO REACH THE MARK FROM THE INTERSECTION OF U.S. HIGHWAY 1 AND PALM DRIVE (SW. 3 STREET) IN FLORIDA CITY, GO WEST ON PALM DRIVE (STATE ROAD 27, SW. 3 STREET) FOR 1.7 MI (2.7 KM) TO THE INTERSECTION OF TOWER ROAD (SW. 192 AVENUE) , TURN LEFT ON TOWER ROAD (STATE ROAD 27, SW 192 AVENUE) AND GO SOUTH FOR 2.1 MI (3.4 KM) TO THE JUNCTION OF SW. 376 STREET (STATE ROAD 27) ON THE RIGHT, TURN RIGHT ON SW. 376 STREET (STATE ROAD 27, PARK ROAD) AND GO WEST FOR 5.4 MI (8.7 KM) TO THE EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK ENTRANCE BUILDING, CONTINUE WEST-NORTHWEST ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 4.75 MI (7.64 KM) TO THE TURNOFF FOR LONG PINE KEY, CONTINUE WEST-NORTHWEST ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 8.45 MI (13.60 KM) TO THE JUNCTION OF THE ROAD TO PA-HAY-OKEE LOOKOUT TOWER ON THE RIGHT, CONTINUE SOUTHWEST ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 7.15 MI (11.51 KM) TO THE JUNCTION OF A ROAD ON THE RIGHT TO MAHOGANY HAMMOCK, CONTINUE SOUTH ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 4.5 MI (7.2 KM) TO THE JUNCTION OF A ROAD TO POURATIS POND ON THE RIGHT, CONTINUE SOUTH ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 6.5 MI (10.5 KM) TO THE JUNCTION OF A ROAD TO WEST LAKE ON THE LEFT, CONTINUE SOUTHWEST ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 3.65 MI (5.87 KM) TO THE PARKING AREA FOR COOT BAY, CONTINUE SOUTHWEST ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 2.75 MI (4.43 KM) TO THE BRIDGE OVER BUTTONWOOD CANAL, CONTINUE SOUTHWEST ON PARK ROAD (STATE ROAD 27) FOR 0.35 MI (0.56 KM) TO THE JUNCTION OF A PAVED ROAD ON THE LEFT, TURN LEFT ON THE PAVED ROAD AND GO EAST FOR 0.05 MI (0.08 KM) TO THE JUNCTION OF A PAVED ROAD ON THE RIGHT, TURN RIGHT ON THE PAVED ROAD AND GO SOUTH FOR 0.05 MI (0.08 KM) TO THE FIRST PAVED ROAD ON THE LEFT AND THE MARK ON THE RIGHT, SET FLUSH IN THE CONCRETE SEAWALL AT THE NORTHWEST INSIDE CORNER OF THE NORTH BOAT BASIN AND LEVEL WITH THE PAVED ROAD. LOCATED 8.4 FT (2.6 M) EAST OF THE APPROXIMATE CENTERLINE OF THE NORTH-SOUTH PAVED AREA AROUND THE BOAT BASIN, 8.0 FT (2.4 M) SOUTH OF THE APPROXIMATE CENTERLINE OF THE EAST-WEST PAVED AREA AROUND THE BOAT BASIN AND 0.8 FT (24.4 CM) NORTHWEST OF THE INSIDE CORNER OF THE CONCRETE SEAWALL.
The orthometric height was determined by differential leveling and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in April 1996.


I typically stay away from politics in The 10th Man. Besides, you probably get enough of it on Facebook!
I only study politics recreationally, so I feel that I only have a recreational grasp of it. I have a lot of respect for the very smart and incisive political pundits.
But I don't stare at politics every day. I stare at markets every day, and I am pretty comfortable saying that my knowledge of markets is smarter and more incisive than most people's.
And you know what I have noticed about markets lately? They don't care about Trump.
When Merck CEO Ken Frazier stepped down from the President's Manufacturing Council on account of Trump's remarks on Charlottesville, did you see Trump's reaction?
That sounds like a direct threat of litigation to me. You know what Merck stock did in response?
This post was published at Mauldin Economics on AUGUST 17, 2017.


This research was conducted over a time span of three years, from 2009 to 2011. Twenty-one surveys in total, seven times per year, were done between April and June of each year on major trees on trails around Donghaksa and Gapsa in Mt. Gyeryong National Park in order to identify foodplants of the Lepidoptera larvae and their characteristic appearances. During the survey of Lepidoptera larvae in trees along trails around Donghaksa and Gapsa, 377 individuals and 21 species in 8 families were identified. The 21 species were Alcis angulifera, Cosmia affinis, Libythea celtis, Adoxophyes orana, Amphipyra monolitha, Acrodontis fumosa, Xylena formosa, Ptycholoma lecheana circumclusana, Choristoneura adumbratana, Archips capsigeranus, Pandemis cinnamomeana, Rhopobota latipennis, Apochima juglansiaria, Cifuna locuples, Lymantria dispar, Eilema deplana, Rhodinia fugax, Acronicta rumicis, Amphipyra erebina, Favonius saphirinus , and Dravira ulupi . Twenty-one Lepidoptera insect species were identified in 21 species of trees, including Zelkova serrata . Among them, A. angulifera, C. affinis , and L. celtis were found to have the widest range of foodplants. Additionally, it was found that many species of Lepidoptera insects can utilize more species as foodplants according to the chemical substances in the plants and environments in addition to the foodplants noted in the literature. Also, it is thought that more species can be identified with a survey of various woody and herbaceous plants.
Map of study area, Mt. Gyeryong National Park.
more than 400,000 species of phytophagous insects eat about 300,000 species of vascular plants (Schoonhoven et al. 2005). Among them, Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) is the largest group of phytophagous insects for which all species in the group eat plants. They are a taxonomic group with a closer relationship with plants than other taxonomic groups, and they have special relationship with angiosperm (Ayberk et al. 2010). Phytophagous insects including Lepidoptera can be divided into three groups according to the scope of their food selection: monophagous, oliphagous, and polyphagous (Harborne 1993, Min 1997, Schoonhoven et al. 2005) or into the two groups of specialists and generalists (Stamp and Bowers 1992, Min 1997). Insects that eat one species or a closely related species are monophagous, and many Lepidoptera larvae fall under this category. Insects that eat species in the same family, although they may eat several species, are oliphagous. For instance, the cabbage white butterfly ( Pieris brassicae ), which eats several species of Brassicaceae, is in this category. Finally, polyphagous insects are not inclined to narrow the selection of their feed. Consequently, they eat many different species in many different families. For example, the green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae ) normally inhabits peach trees ( Prunus persica ) or closely related species. However, in summer, they have been found to eat species from more than 50 families (Schoonhoven et al. 2005). Although coevolution has attracted attention theoretically and empirically with regard to the various relationships between phytophagous insects and foodplants and regarding competition between plants and herbivores, and considering that the reproduction and regeneration strategies of plants have been investigated from the perspective of the diversity of insect growth, studies in this field remain insufficient (Hulme 1996). The relationship between insects and plants is related to the chemical composition of plants; Lepidoptera insects sometimes eat plants with similar chemical compositions but distant taxonomical classifications. Therefore, the chemical composition plays an important role in the food selection activities of phytophagous insects (Jaenike 1990). As such, the identification of the foodplants eaten by each insect is essential. Nevertheless, foodplants have not been sufficiently studied, and it was identified that many insects selected more plant species than was known in research conducted over the past three years. This three-year study is a part of the Mt. Gyeryong National Park resource monitoring efforts. Its main purpose was to identify the different foodplants of Lepidoptera larvae according to different species. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the causes of outbreaks of a certain insect species and the inter-relationships between phytophagous insects and foodplants and to search for a viable means of systematic park management by utilizing the results of the study as basic materials for the preservation and restoration of forest ecological resources such as National Parks.
The survey lasted three years, from 2009 to 2011. Twenty-one surveys in total, seven times per year, were conducted between April and June of each year, when the larvae are hatched and start to eat leaves ( Table 1 ). The survey was done on Donghaksa trails and Gapsa trails in Mt. Gyeryong National Park in Korea (Donghaksa: N36°21′11.97″, E127°13′12.23″ to N36°21′32.44″, E127°14′26.80″; Gapsa: N36°21′55.16″, E127°11′15.54″ to N36°22′11.08″, E127°10′52.83″) ( Fig. 1 ). The major trees around the trails were numbered, and the same trees were investigated every year. 92 individuals from 25 species were investigated in the Donghaksa area, and 100 individuals from 23 species were investigated in the Gapsa area ( Table 2 ).
hostplant, and a species list was made according to the taxonomy of the Check List of Insects from Korea (The Entomological Society of Korea and Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1994).
List of Lepidopteran larvae collected from Mt. Gyeryong National ParkNote: numbers in the table represent the number of individuals, F, S, T represent first, second, third, respectively.*: DHS, Donghaksa, GS, Gapsa.
List of Lepidopteran larvae collected from Mt. Gyeryong National Park	Note: numbers in the table represent the number of individuals, F, S, T represent first, second, third, respectively.	* : DHS, Donghaksa, GS, Gapsa.
Foodplants of Lepidoptera larvae investigated in Donghaksa area of Mt. Gyeryong National Park.
found at Donghaksa and 130 at Gapsa. A. angulifera followed at 86 individuals in total, with 55 found at Donghaksa and 86 at Gapsa. The third largest group was L. celtis at 73 individuals in total; 41 at Donghaksa and 32 at Gapsa. Other species showed smaller numbers of individuals. Generally, there were no major differences in the appearances of the Lepidoptera larva species by region, but more species and individuals were identified in the Gapsa area than in the Donghaksa area, possibly because the types of trees and individual trees were different between the Donghaksa and Gapsa areas, and because the trees in the Gapsa area may be preferred by Lepidoptera. Additionally, in this survey, we excluded species that could not grow to be adults in the cultivation in the laboratory, including individuals which had died due to environmental conditions or parasitism, although a much more diverse range of species of Lepidoptera larvae was collected from various trees. Therefore, the 21 Lepidoptera species identified in the adult stage in this study were far fewer than the number of species identified at the larva stage. It is thought that more species can be identified if more diverse woody plants and herbaceous plants are surveyed.
During the survey of Lepidoptera larvae in trees on the trails around Donghaksa and Gapsa from 2009 to 2011, 21 Lepidoptera insect species were identified in 21 species of trees, including Zelkova serrata . At Donghaksa, 13 species of Lepidoptera insects were identified in 17 species of trees out of a total of 25 species of trees ( Fig. 2 ), while at Gapsa, 14 species of Lepidoptera insects were identified in 10 species of trees out of a total of 23 species of trees ( Fig. 3 ). The species that has the widest selection of foodplants was A. angulifera , which used 12 species of foodplants. It used 11 species as foodplants at Donghaksa and 2 species as foodplants at Gapsa. It is known that A. angulifera eats Quercus serrata, Castanea crenata, Weigela subsessilis, Celtis sinensis, Z. serrata , and Camellia japonica (Esaki et al. 1957, Inoue et al. 1959, Shin et al. 1983, Shin 2001).
Foodplants of Lepidoptera larvae investigated in Gapsa area of Mt. Gyeryong National Park.
However, out of the 12 foodplants identified in this study, only two species, C. sinensis and Z. serrata , were noted in the literature and remaining 10 species, including Acer buergerianum , were identified in this study for the first time. The species showing the second widest selection of foodplants in the group was identified as C. affinis . It was found to use 7 species of foodplants, three of which were identified at Donghaksa, while at Gapsa, all seven species were identified. C. affinis mainly eats C. sinensis, Z. serrata, Celtis jessoensis , and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Esaki et al. 1958, Inoue et al. 1959, Mutuura et al. 1965, Kim et al. 1982, Shin 2001). In this survey, four species, including Cornus officinalis , were added to the known foodplants. The species with the third widest selection of foodplants was L. celtis . It was identified to eat 5 species of foodplants, four species at Donghaksa and three species at Gapsa. Although the known foodplants of L. celtis are Ulmaceae plants such as C. sinensis and C. jessoensis (Inoue et al. 1959, Nam 1996, Joo et al. 1997, Kim 2002), more species were added, including Acer okamotoanum , as a result of this research. A. orana , which has a wide range of foodplants with both needle-leaf trees and broadleaf trees, including Malus pumila and Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Esaki et al. 1957, Issiki 1969, Shin et al. 1983), was identified to have the two additional foodplants of Acer triflorum and Carpinus cordata in addition to the previously known foodplant of Prunus sargentii. A. monolitha , which uses relatively diverse foodplants, including Prunus serrulata and C. sinensis (Esaki et al. 1958, Mutuura et al. 1965, Kim et al. 1982), was found to eat the leaves of Viburnum opulus var. hydrangeoides, Ligustrum obtusifolium , and Fraxinus rhynchophylla for the first time in this survey. For A. fumosa and X. Formosa , two tree species were identified as new foodplants which were unknown before. Additionally, 14 species of Lepidoptera larvae were identified to have only 1 foodplant. Out of them, C. adumbratana, P. cinnamomeana, R. latipennis, A. juglansiaria, E. deplana, A. rumicis and A. erebina are new foodplants that were not noted in the literature ( Fig. 4 ).
Foodplants of Lepidoptera larvae investigated in total areas of Mt. Gyeryong National Park.
Pictures of larvae (top) and adults (bottom) of major species investigated in Mt. Gyeryong National Park. (a) Alcis angulifera, (b) Cosmia affinis, (c) Libythea celtis.
Individual numbers and appearance rate of major species*: DHS, Donghaksa, GS, Gapsa.
Individual numbers and appearance rate of major species	* : DHS, Donghaksa, GS, Gapsa.
these plants have similar chemical compositions despite the fact that they belong in different taxonomical groups fairly distant from the main foodplant. It is known that the chemical compositions of plants play important roles in the selection of food by phytophagous insects (Jaenike 1990).
This research was carried out over a period of three years, from 2009 to 2011. Twenty-one surveys in total, seven times per year, were conducted between April and June of each year on major trees on trails around Donghaksa and Gapsa at Mt. Gyeryong National Park in Korea in order to identify the foodplants of Lepidoptera larvae and the characteristics of their appearances. From the survey, 377 individuals and 21 species in 8 families, including A. angulifera , were found, and some species showed an outbreak during a specific year. 21 tree species, including Z. serrate , were used as foodplants by Lepidoptera insects, out of which A. angulifera, C. affinis , and L. celtis were found to have the widest range of foodplants. Additionally, it was found that many species of Lepidoptera insects can utilize more species as foodplants according to the chemical substances of the plants and their environments, in addition to the known foodplants in the literature. Although many more species of Lepidoptera larvae were identified in the survey, individuals that did not grow to adults, including those that had died due to maladaptation to the environmental conditions in the laboratory or because of parasitism acquired outdoors beforehand were excluded from the results of the analysis. Therefore, the 21 species of Lepidoptera insects identified at the adult stage represent a much smaller number of species compared to that identified at the larva stage. It is thought that more species can be identified with additional surveys of various woody and herbaceous plants.
This research was financially supported by the KNPS (Korean National Park Service) as part of the Resource Monitoring Project of Mt. Gyeryong National Park.
 YG Han , SH Nam , Y Kim , MJ Choi , and Y Cho , "A Study of the Characteristics of the Appearances of Lepidoptera Larvae and Foodplants at Mt. Gyeryong National Park in Korea", Journal of Ecology and Environment, vol. 4, no. 4, Dec 2013.


Let's start by taking you back to the 1920s; to the world of flapper dresses, feathers, head bands and glitzy extras. Think of Carey Mulligan and Leonardo Di Caprio in the adaption of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby.
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One way to minimize waste is to have a few go-to recipes for the unused odds and bits that accumulate in the vegetable crisper. One of mine is dry vegetable curry. It's a quick and tasty way to cook up whatever vegetables you have on hand.
This past the weekend I made some roasted cauliflower florets, which meant that I had a cauliflower stem and some cauliflower leaves to use up – and those made up the bulk of my most recent dry curry. I also threw in a couple of carrots, mushrooms, and plum tomatoes, as well as a few green beans and part of an onion.
Cauliflower stems and leaves are food.
My most recent cauliflower weighed about 2 lbs 9 oz, and of that 9 ounces was made up of stem and leaves. That's 22% of the cauliflower. If you've spent your life throwing these parts away (and if we use that 22% as an average), then for every 9 cauliflowers you've ever bought, you've thrown away 2 cauliflowers worth of perfectly usable food that you paid for. You probably don't do this with donuts. Or socks.
Cauliflower stems may be less pretty than florets, but they taste similar, and are very tender. I usually just cut the big central stem in half, then cut those halves into slices.
Cauliflower leaves are very tender and thin at the tips, and cook up like any leafy green. Near the base, the leaves are more like cabbage, but more watery (which balances hot spices nicely) and not as tough.
I served this week's dry curry with some turmeric rice and watermelon rind chutney (which we're close to running out of). Easy. Tasty.
Sauté the vegetables over medium heat in oil until just shy of desired tenderness. OK, this is vague, but the timing depends on the vegetables you use, the size you cut them, and how tender you like them. Also, you'll want to add things that take longer to cook a little earlier. I like my vegetables crunchy, so this step usually takes me 4 or 5 minutes.
Add in the garlic and ginger, and sauté for an additional 30 seconds.
Add in the tamarind paste (or lemon), vinegar, and dry curry spice mix, and stir until vegetables are coated.


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News Analysis: Journalists need advocates, too
As the Colorado Press Association prepared to meet Jan. 17, a Colorado judicial branch committee had a scheduled — ironically closed-door — meeting to consider a new rule on the sealing of criminal court records.
According to Colorado Freedom of Information Coalition Executive Director Jeffrey A. Roberts' analysis of the draft, the Rules of Criminal Procedure Committee hadn't yet settled on how weighty an interest must be to justify keeping a court record from public view or allowing the public to see only a redacted copy: "compelling," "significant," "substantial" or "overriding." It did say that a court order to limit public access should explain how making court records inaccessible would serve another interest that outweighs the public interest and establish that no less restrictive means are available to achieve that end. Again ironically, the motion and subsequent hearings on the subject would be closed to the public. (Read more here…)
Man sentenced to 20 years for role in 2009 murder of CU grad studentConfusion over the Public Records Act has Washington lawmakers adopting new practices that may or may not have anything to do with the actual law.


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The best independent guide to Porto
Home - Top 10 - Where to stay? - 2 days - 1 Week - Day trips - Airport to Porto - Beaches - 1-day tour - Braga - Aveiro
3 days in Porto: a suggested itinerary and tour for 2023
Porto is a captivating city, which perfectly blends history, traditions and modern Portuguese culture.
Set on an undulating landscape, Porto provides architectural wonders, a quaint old town, stunning vistas and beautiful beaches. Throw in its famed Port producing industry and it is easy to see why this charming city is fast becoming a top rated holiday destination.
This guide will provide a flexible itinerary for a three-day tour of Porto, which includes; the best districts and sights in order to make the most of this captivating city.
Related articles: Porto introduction - 1 day in Porto - 1 week in Porto
Day 1 - Exploring Central Porto
To get a traditional taste of Porto, it is recommended to spend the first day exploring the historic city centre and the charming Ribeiara district. The main tourist office, based along Rua Clube dos Fenianos (on the west side of Porto City Hall), is a perfect spot to grab a map and start a day's tour of Porto.
Below is a list of the Porto's main attractions to include on a self-guided tour:
The Câmara Municipal and the Avenida Dos Aliados
Avenue of the Allies (Avenida Dos Aliados): This impressive boulevard is the monumental heart of Porto, which leads up to the Câmara Municipal do Porto (City hall) with its distinctive70m bell tower. The grandeur of the marble and granite buildings that line the Avenida Dos Aliados portrays a history which doesn't actually exist, as the entire plaza was constructed in 1916.
The view from the top of the Torre dos Clérigos tower
Clérigos Tower (Igreja E Torre Dos Clérigos): The quaint, baroque Clérigos Church and Tower is situated on the highest point of the old city and after climbing the 250 steps of the tower, visitors are rewarded with fantastic 360-degree panoramic view of the city. It is open daily 9:00-19:00 and has a €3 entrance fee.
Lello bookshop (Livraria Lello): This Lavish bookshop is one of the oldest in Portugal and walking around this art nouveau building it is clear to see why this could have prompted the inspiration for the Hogwarts library and staircases. The ornate interior has transformed the shop into a major tourist attraction, with few visitors purchasing books, so now there is an entrance fee of €3.
The Church of Saint Ildefonso
Saint Ildefonso Church: This uniquely beautiful church has exterior covered in over 11,000 traditional painted blue azulejos tiles. For tourists interested in this architecture, it is also worth visiting São Bento Train Station; one of the most decorative stations in Europe
Porto Cathedral and Bishop's Palace (Sé Do Porto): The highly fortified Porto Cathedral is the religious centre of Porto and the original church dates from 12th Century. The Cathedral is situated in the oldest district in Porto and the square surrounding it once served as the bustling trading centre. It is free to enter and open daily from 9:00-12:30 and then 14:30-18:00 in peak season (Off peak times may vary).
The Ribeira river front at early evening
Stock Exchange Palace (Palácio da Bolsa): The Neoclassical Palácio da Bolsa complex was built by Porto's Commercial Association in 1830 to act as the city's stock exchange and entice investors to the city. It is open from 9:00-18:30 in peak season (9:00-12:30 / 14:00- 17:30 in low season). Tours cost €7 per adult and €4 per child.
Evening: Dine in Ribeiara The evening of the first day should be spent in Ribeira; one of the oldest districts situated on the northern bank of the Douro River. This is a delightful area of narrow, winding streets lined with restaurants and is a perfect place for dinner and a glass of Port.
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Day 2 - Vila Nova de Gaia
Vila Nova de Gaia city, situated on the southern banks of the Dourio River, is the renowned home of Port. Whilst the city is equally as picturesque as Porto, the real tourist highlight is taking one of the many Port tasting tours. Interestingly, Port production is still very much a part of the modern culture and the sweet drink is still matured and bottled in the vast cellars located on Avenue de Diogo Leite along the riverside.
The wooden tanks where the ruby ports are stored for 3 years
Visiting the cellars and Port tasting tours are surprisingly inexpensive and costs reflect the quantity and quality of the Ports tasted. Tour prices start from €6.00 for two drinks of medium quality. Each of the Port house conducts tours in multiple languages. To get a real experience it is suggested to join a couple of the tours throughout the day.
For visitors with time for only one tour, it is advisable to head to Ferreira Cellar; the only wholly owned Portuguese Port producer. Ferreira is located on Avenue Ramos Pinto and tours run daily from 10:00 – 12.30 and then from 14:00 to 20:00. The tour costs €6.00 per adult and this includes; a 30-minute guided tour and a tasting of two Port wines at the end.
Other highlights of Vila Nova de Gaia include:
Ponte Luis I Bridge: Take a walk along this iconic bridge that connects Porto with Vila Nova de Gaia. This feat of engineering has stood since 1886 and was created by a partner of Gustave Eiffel. It is possible to cross the bridge at both levels, with the top level providing wonderful views of the city.
Mosteiro da Serra do Pilar: Take the cable car (Teleferic de Gaia) that transports visitors from the banks of the Douro up to the elegant, whitewashed Mosteiro da Serra do Pilar. From this unique circular cloister there are unparalleled views across the Douro to the Ribeira and Porto landscape. The cable car station is located on Rue Piedade just off the main riverside Avenue de Diogo Leite. It costs €4.50 single ride and cars run daily from 10:00 to 20:00.
The water front of Vila Nova de Gaia
Cruise the River Douro: There are many scenic boat cruises along the Douro River, which pass under the famous city bridges and allow unique vantage points of dramatic city landscape. Prices start from €12.5 per adult and children are normally free.
Day 3: Day trip to Guimarães, Braga or Espinho beach
For the third day it is suggested to have a day trip to either one of the historic cities close to Porto or (if the weather is good) to visit a beautiful beach for a relaxing day. The two most fascinating historic cities close to Porto, are Braga or Guimarães while the best beach is the Praia de Espinho. All three of these destinations can be travelled to by train services that depart from São Bento train station.
Day trip to Guimarães - Guimarães is regarded as the 'birth place of Portugal' as it was the first capital city of Portugal during the 12th century, and was also the birth place of Portugal's first king; Afonso Henriques. The city boasts a medieval castle, restored gothic palace, numerous pretty squares and a cable car ride to the top of Penha Hill. For a guide to a day trip to please click here.
The historic centre of Guimarães
Day Trip to Braga - Braga is the religious centre of Portugal and within the compact historic centre are numerous ornate churches and beautiful baroque styled houses.
Just outside of Braga is the wonderful Bom Jesus do Monte, a charming church that is situated on top of a hill and is reached via elaborate staircases, which represent the steps to heaven. The Bom Jesus do Monte is considered as the finest tourist attraction in the region surrounding Porto. For a guide to a day trip to Braga please click here.
Braga is a dlightful city
Day trip to Espinho beach - Espinho is a popular beach resort that lies to the south of Porto and is a great location for a relaxing day on the beach. The town is situated on a 17km stretch of golden sands and, as it faces a westerly direction, provides waves that are suitable for surfing.
Espinho is a typical Portuguese beach resort with a charming town centre and a small fishing community; who moor their colourful fishing boats on the beach. In the centre of the town there is the largest casino in northern Portugal, as well as numerous great restaurants serving up the fresh fish. For more details about Espinho beach please click here.
A colourful fishing boat on the vast beach of Espinho
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Aida Austin
Ann Cahill
Shaun Connolly
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Fergus Finlay
Suzanne Harrington
Gerard Howlin
Brian Lucey
Daniel McConnell
Alison O'Connor
Terry Prone
Colm O'Regan
Home»Viewpoints
Book review: The Green Road
Anne Enright's latest novel The Green Road is set on that great Irish battleground — the family. She spoke to Caroline O'Doherty about the institution and all its foibles — and trying to be an inspiring teacher.
Jonathan Cape €16.99; ebook, €12.99
Dramatic homecoming, Irish style
THE adult Madigan children have been summoned home by their widowed mother as she begins sorting out her affairs and you just know from the early pages of Anne Enright's latest novel that the reunion will not be without incident.
But before she brings them back to their native West Clare, Enright brings us on a tour of the lives the siblings have made away from their childhood roots so that it's clear how big the journey home will be, psychologically more so than geographically.
So we have Dan over in America, whose announcement 25 years earlier that he is joining the priesthood opens the book and sends the matriarch, Rosaleen, to her bed for days in despair.
There is Emmet, the overseas aid worker, used to keeping his emotions in check in his work but having trouble reactivating them in his personal life.
Up in Dublin, we find Hanna, struggling with first-time motherhood and the bottle, wondering "what it was she had wanted, before she wanted a drink".
Close to home in one sense but far from where she was reared, there is Constance who has all the financial freedoms her husband's Celtic Tiger success bestows but all the constraints of a stay-at-home, put-upon, eager-to-please mum of three.
"I wanted them to have their own grown-up developed lives and then to come home and try to squeeze back into those childhood spaces again," Enright explains.
"You grow up and move away and then it's so impossible for you to explain your life to other people when you come back."
The idea took shape while Enright was staying in West Clare, by The Green Road of the book's title, overlooking Galway Bay in a rented house whose owner was, like Emmet, away working in Africa.
"I would go out for my walk up the road at the end of the day and that was where I started getting the sense of being so far abroad but thinking about home.
"Home was hedges and stone walls and ditches and montbrecia and the Aran Islands. Africa just seemed ridiculously far away and I thought how strange it is to be expected to leave there and just slip back into views of the Aran Islands being the norm."
Enright had her own experience of being away and returning to find her feet — or rather her personality — too big to squeeze back into her metaphorical childhood slippers.
At 16 she got a scholarship to an international school in Canada and studied there for two years with 200 other students from 52 different countries.
It was one of the United World Colleges, founded after World War II with the aim of fostering understanding between young people of all races and backgrounds.
"Then you come back and you are, in an Irish sense of the word, "full" of yourself. I was the youngest and always precocious and chatty and confident so I suppose I must have been unbearable really," she laughs.
"There would have been an expectation that I would fit back in and I probably didn't. I was very dissenting. I was bags of trouble."
If she was, she's long been forgiven. The Enrights are "tight", she says, and very well adjusted to the youngest member of their clan writing acres of award-winning words - the 2007 Man Booker included — about familial dysfunction without taking it personally.
But The Green Road is a story that will be personal to many, as the returning siblings assemble for a last Christmas in the family home that Rosaleen has announced she is going to sell.
Like many older Irish women living alone, she finds the empty house too much for her and has gradually become confined to a couple of rooms.
Despite the precious memories it holds for her children, she wants out of it. Enright's description is ample justification for her decision.
"The gutters falling into the flowerbeds, the dripping taps, the shut-up rooms that she had abandoned over the years; the pity
of it; an old woman chased into a corner by her own house."
There is great poignancy in the book, as we see the vulnerabilities of the otherwise demanding Rosaleen, but also a wry, desperate humour.
At one point, Emmet, feeling guilty about leaving his African housemate alone in an alien Dublin over Christmas, contemplates explaining to him that he can't invite him to Clare "because I'm Irish and my family are mad".
Elsewhere, we're taken on a comical Christmas Eve supermarket expedition with Constance filling her trolley with every conceivable kind of food, drink and embellishment, from the water biscuits, tubs of olives and big foil for the turkey to the wooden crate of satsumas, "experimental bag of chestnuts, vacuum packed" and the "eight frozen pizzas in case the kids rolled up with friends".
The frantic pursuit of the perfect festive spread takes two visits and three pages to list and at the end of it, a distraught Constance discovers she's forgotten the potatoes.
We howl with her as she considers pulling her gleaming Lexus over to the side of the road and digging up the nearest field with her bare hands in the hopes of finding a few spuds.
Enright has chronicled the Celtic Tiger excesses before but is non-judgmental. After meeting aid workers in Uganda and Honduras where she visited in 2008 and 2011 to help publicise appeals, she was intrigued by those who decided to walk away from the madness here and do something useful abroad but she is equally fascinated by those who stayed and endured the boom and bust.
She's conscious that what she was depicting as the recent past appears to be in danger of repeating itself when it could barely yet be classified as history and she wonders what anyone learned from it.
"I suppose what the crash worldwide showed is that democracy is over. It doesn't matter how people vote. They don't have the power. The power belongs to the plutocrats," she says.
Enright isn't keen to talk politics but it will not go unnoticed that there is a gay marriage — or at least an engagement — in her novel although she says the timing of its publication just before the marriage equality referendum is coincidental.
"I didn't even think of the referendum. It's just the natural outcome for the character. So it's not a political statement, although I would be politically very pro-same sex marriage.
"My argument is, if they let me get married why would they not let some nice gay person get married? I'm a disgrace."
For a "disgrace" Enright has done well. She was appointed the country's first ever Laureate for Irish Fiction in January and will spend the next three years combining the lecturing and teaching responsibilities the position requires with her own writing.
Teaching creative writing is something of an anomaly, she says, because the 'lessons' can't be prescriptive.
"You can't do it for them. All you can do is keep them company, make them feel safe, make them feel inspired.
"I'm not really very good at making students feel safe. I'm more of a disrupter so I have to watch that."
The Green Road


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Cartas a mi amada (en inglés, Love Letters) es un film noir estadounidense de 1946 dirigido por William Dieterle sobre un guion de Ayn Rand que adaptaba la novela Pity My Simplicity de Christopher Massie. El film estuvo protagonizado por Jennifer Jones, Joseph Cotten, Ann Richards, Cecil Kellaway, Gladys Cooper y Anita Louise.

Sinopsis
Roger Morland (Robert Sully) pide a su compañero de armas, Allen Quinton, que escribió en su nombre cartas de amor en Victoria, joven a la que conoció en un encuentro breve en Inglaterra antes de ser enviado al frente italiano. En las cartas puede expresar sentimientos que nunca lo haría en persona. Se da cuenta de que Victoria se ha enamorado con las cartas y le preocupa que le decepcionara el real Roger.

Cuando vuelve a casa, Alan se da cuenta de que Roger ha muerto. Cuando intenta buscar a Victoria se le dice que también ha muerto, y le dicen que la muerte de Roger pudo haber sido un asesinato. En una fiesta encuentra y se enamora de una mujer misteriosa llamada Singleton (Jennifer Jones), que puede tener la clave de estas muertes, pero está sufriendo de amnesia.

Reparto

 Jennifer Jones: Victoria Morland, conocida también como Singleton
 Joseph Cotten: Allen Quinton
 Ann Richards: Dilly Carson
 Cecil Kellaway: Mac
 Gladys Cooper: Beatrice Remington
 Anita Louise: Helen Wentworth
 Robert Sully: Roger Morland
 Reginald Denny: Phillips
 Ernest Cossart: Bishop
 Byron Barr: Derek Quinton
 Arthur Hohl: Jupp

Adaptación y producción
El guion de Rand sobre la novela de Massie la convirtió en una adaptación de la famosa obra de teatro de Edmond Rostand Cyrano de Bergerac. Rand había admirado la obra desde que la leyó en el francés original en su juventud. Al igual que en la obra de Rostand, la heroína se enamora de un soldado creyendo que es el autor de ciertas cartas de amor que habían sido escritas por otro soldado, incluida una nota conmovedora enviada desde el frente. En la versión de Rand, se agrega una dimensión de misterio psicológico, y la heroína descubre la identidad del verdadero autor a tiempo para que los protagonistas experimenten un "final feliz".

Love Letters fue la segunda película en la que Jones y Cotten trabajaron juntos como protagonistas. Las otras fueron Desde que te fuiste (1944), Duelo al sol (1946) y Jennie (1948).

Acogida de público y crítica
Aunque las críticas fueron sobre todo negativas, Love Letters fue un éxito de público. El crítico de New York Times Bosley Crowther lo reprendió como "una trampa sentimental", diciendo que la actuación de Jones era "fatua", la escritura de Rand "un embrollo sucio" y la dirección de Dieterle "blanda y pretenciosa".

Premios y distinciones
Festival Internacional de Cine de Venecia

Referencias

Películas de 1946
Películas de Estados Unidos
Películas dirigidas por William Dieterle


In a story by local WLOS-TV reporter, John Le, local cartoonist Brent Brown gives his reaction to the recent terrorist acts against French cartoonists.
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