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Warning: Expect the worst blackouts yet as Eskom hits a new crisis
12th April 2019 8th April 2019 by Alec Hogg
EDINBURGH — Many Zimbabweans take rolling blackouts in South Africa as a sign that its southern neighbour will ultimately decline as it has. This is because Zimbabweans sat in the dark for extended periods for years before the wheels really came off the economy. Then there's been all the talk about land grabs, a Zimbabwe government policy that eliminated the country's agricultural sector. Corruption has been a feature of the South African government, as it has been in Zimbabwe, with a political elite living high on the hog as the masses suffer in deep poverty. More worrying than what Zimbabweans think about Eskom, however, is how the world is viewing South Africa's electricity crisis. Increasingly, major global news outlets are focusing on Eskom's failings, spreading the word among international investors that South Africa's got a massive problem to fix. The New York Times went as far as to highlight that the rolling blackouts are "evidence of how difficult it is for Mr. Ramaphosa to reform the nation's state enterprises and secure stable electricity for South Africa, sub-Saharan Africa's most advanced economy". – Jackie Cameron
By Paul Burkhardt and Mike Cohen
(Bloomberg) – An electricity-supply crisis is looming in South Africa that could make intermittent outages in the past few months seem trivial by comparison.
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd., which supplies almost all the nation's power, will lose more than a quarter of its current generating capacity over the next decade as it shuts aging coal-fired plants. Replacing that output and adding capacity needed to meet rising demand will take years and cost more than R1trn ($71bn), according to government estimates. The problem is likely to worsen exponentially after 2030 as more plants reach retirement age.
While Eskom is building two new plants, Medupi and Kusile, they are running years behind schedule and billions of rand over budget, and won't be enough to plug the supply gap. The utility has limited scope to invest in more projects because it isn't making enough money to cover its operating costs and service its debt, which had ballooned to R419bn at the end of its last financial year.
The government has said it will look to private investors to help fund new plants and step up purchases of renewable energy from independent producers, which have added 3,876 megawatts of capacity to the national grid since 2011. However, those plans are being implemented too slowly and on an insufficient scale, according to Jesse Burton, a researcher at the University of Cape Town's Energy Research Centre.
"There's this inaction by the state," Burton said by phone. "We should be procuring immediately."
President Cyril Ramaphosa in February announced plans to split Eskom into generation, transmission and distribution units – a move that should make it easier for private power producers to access the grid and sell their output. But powerful labour unions have vowed to prevent a break-up, fearing it will lead to job losses and privatisation. With elections due next month, the government has been loath to confront them head-on.
Eskom has said its immediate focus will be to keep blackouts to a minimum by addressing maintenance backlogs, securing enough diesel to run turbines used at times of peak-power demand and fixing defects at its new units.
Beyond that, the nation's energy blueprint, the Integrated Resource Plan, will spell out how future generation requirements will be met, according to Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan, who oversees Eskom. While the plan has been years in the making, it's yet to be completed.
The document was significantly revised after the government determined that proposals favoured by former President Jacob Zuma to build nuclear plants weren't affordable. The latest draft envisions the nation's total installed power capacity rising about 60 percent to 78,344 megawatts by 2030, with the bulk of the new supply coming from gas, solar power and wind.
Engie SA, which operates the 100-megawatt Kathu concentrated solar power project 600 kilometres (373 miles) southwest of Pretoria and feeds into the grid, is among power companies that are awaiting the finalisation of the IRP and the issuing of new power supply tenders.
"We were surprised that the program of development keeps delaying," Paulo Almirante, the company's chief operating officer, said in an interview at the plant. "Sometimes it's a bit frustrating, the delays, but we are confident that after the elections this will be clarified and that the sector will continue to develop."

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Burden-sharing: Utopian dream or principled pragmatism?
Global burden-sharing schemes won't solve the refugee crisis – experience shows tailored, regional arrangements grounded in principled pragmatism are the best way forward.
By: Irene Khan
Professor Hathaway is right. The international refugee system is broken and needs to be fixed. But he is naïve to believe that a pre-determined, global burden-sharing scheme based on the 1951 Refugee Convention can be set up to solve the world's refugee problems.
Firstly, global solidarity is in short supply. Earlier this year I was in Austria, a country which had received without a whimper 180,000 refugees from Hungary in 1956 and 160,000 refugees from Czechoslovakia in 1969. In February it introduced a maximum limit on asylum seekers entering the country at 37,000 a year. When I asked my Austrian interlocutors why this "differentiated response", they listed concerns about security and cultural integration—and historic fears about Muslims going back to the Ottoman era! Irrational emotions have no place in Hathaway's reasoned model but they weigh heavily on democratic leaders looking towards winning the next election.
Experience shows that burden-sharing arrangements work best when they are tailor made, time limited and specific, and not global and general.
Secondly, experience shows that burden-sharing arrangements work best when they are tailor made, time limited and specific, and not global and general as Professor Hathaway suggests. An early example is the 1951 Convention itself. It was born as a limited response to Europe's refugee problems in the aftermath of World War II and the onset of the Cold War. It was highly successful in ensuring asylum, resettlement and naturalization in western countries for refugees fleeing communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Solidarity was strengthened by common ideological and geopolitical interests as well as ethnic and religious affinity between the refugees and their hosts. The 1951 Convention was less successful when it went global.
The 1969 African Refugee Convention is an example of burden-sharing, geared to meet regional needs. It broadened the refugee definition found in the 1951 Convention to match the realities of mass exodus in Africa, and promoted voluntary repatriation alongside asylum and integration; in doing so, it helped African governments to forge a common response to Africa's refugee problems. But long-standing refugee problems in Africa also expose the limits of regionalism when it is unmatched by international solidarity. The international community needs to do more—much more—to fight the lethal mix of political instability, entrenched conflicts and abiding poverty that uproot people and prevent them from returning home safely.
Thirdly, successful burden-sharing arrangements require judicious compromise. Humanitarian instruments like the 1951 Convention and the 1969 African Refugee Convention serve an invaluable purpose by embedding the principles of refugee protection in any action to solve refugee problems. But finding solutions to refugee problems requires more than principles—it requires innovation, flexibility, a keen understanding of what drives governments to action and how political interests can be harnessed for the benefit of refugees.
The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese Refugees (CPA) is often cited as a positive example of burden-sharing. Highly controversial in its time, today the CPA is one of UNHCR's great success stories. As the then UNHCR Legal Advisor for Asia, I played a part in drafting and implementing the CPA.
In 1979, ten years before the CPA came into being, UNHCR had brokered an arrangement under which those fleeing Indochina were given temporary asylum in refugee camps in Southeast Asia and then resettled in western countries. Thanks to its geopolitical drivers (strong western support for people fleeing communist Vietnam), the agreement worked well for more than a decade. But by the late 1980s global political interests had begun to shift, motives for flight had changed, and as resettlement numbers fell and refugee camps filled up faster than they were being emptied, the commitment of first asylum countries weakened.
Flickr/Jordi Bernabeu Farrúsn (Some rights reserved)
A view of a refugee camp in Suruc, Turkey.
The CPA was an attempt to avert a humanitarian disaster through cooperation among countries of origin, first asylum, and resettlement. It combined "deterrence measures" (orderly departures from Vietnam and Laos, mass screening of asylum seekers who arrived spontaneously and orderly return of those whose claims were rejected) with "protection measures" (temporary asylum for all arrivals and resettlement of those determined to be refugees). It was a pragmatic but principled response.
Europe would do well to draw some lessons from the CPA on principled pragmatism. Confronted with over 1.5 million asylum seekers in the past year, the European common asylum system has virtually collapsed. Europe's shared values have come under attack. The right to seek asylum spontaneously is effectively dead in the heartland of the 1951 Convention. While some EU states have strengthened operations to rescue people at sea, others have introduced harsh land border controls, shifting rather sharing the humanitarian burden and jeopardizing free movement within EU's borders—a critical factor in Europe's economic health.
The EU-Turkey deal to stem the influx into Greece is a political compromise born out of desperation to save the European Union as much as the refugees. Like the CPA it contains inter-locking commitments on deterrence, protection and durable solutions but unlike the CPA it is not "comprehensive" or ambitious enough in its humanitarian aims. In terms of deterrence it deals with only one route, which could just encourage people to take other more hazardous routes. In terms of protection and durable solutions, it may be too little, too late. Screening of new arrivals in Greece will take time to set up. Returning people to Turkey will be difficult. Resettling refugees from Turkey will need to be accelerated as well as significantly expanded if it is to have any effect on irregular movements. For human rights advocates there is also the question: is Turkey a safe first country of asylum?
Yet, the most striking difference between the CPA and the EU-Turkey deal is the absence of the country of origin from the arrangement. There is no mention of Syria's obligations or the commitment of EU states and Turkey to promote a peaceful political settlement. No solution to a refugee problem can be effective if it ignores the situation in the country of origin. People have the right to remain in safety in their own homes and to return home safely and voluntarily. Hathaway's silence on that point is a fatal flaw in his proposal.
Irene Khan is Director-General of the International Development Law Organization (IDLO), since 2012, and was Secretary General of Amnesty International from 2001 - 2009. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s she worked with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and led the UNHCR team in Macedonia during the Kosovo crisis of 1999.
Refugee protection is politics
By: Roni Amit & Loren B. Landau
Syria continues to bleed while the Middle East closes its doors
By: Susan M. Akram
The struggle for sans-papiers human rights
By: Upendra Baxi
Political realities challenge refugee reform
By: Bill Frelick
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Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
So, who was Nikola Tesla?
Nikola Tesla was born on 9th July, 1856 at Smiljan, Croatia into a Serbian family. His father was an Orthodox priest and his mother, who did not receive a formal education was highly intelligent.
As a boy, Nikola was determined that he would do well in life to please his parents, who had looked forward to the success of his elder brother, Dane, who had died in an accident. He decided that he would become some sort of inventor.
After a number of adventures and various inventions including pop-guns, Nikola proved his prowess in mathematics at school and entered the Technical University at Graz in order to study electrical engineering. Whilst at Graz, Tesla was introduced to the Gramme dynamo, which was used as a generator, and when reversed became an electric motor. This involved the use of a commutator which produced sparks. Tesla felt this was wasting energy and reduced the machine's power. He believed it would be possible to use the alternating current to advantage instead of having to convert it to direct current.
From Graz, Nikola went to the University of Prague to continue his education. Later, in Budapest he developed his ideas for using alternating current in an induction motor. He did not have enough money to see this project through and it was only after he had gone to work for the Continental Edison Company, based in Paris, in 1882 that he was able to do this. He made his first induction motor in Strassburg in 1883, as an individual project, in his own time. This company was not interested in his alternating current machines.
What did Tesla do next?
Somewhat frustrated, Tesla set sail for America and arrived in New York, with four cents, a few of his own poems and calculations for a flying machine, in 1884.
He entered the employment of Thomas Edison, who recognised Tesla's genius. Edison was involved in building power stations that would produce direct current to power electric lighting in New York. He said that the direct current motors and dynamos would never be replaced by the alternating current machines of Tesla's, but he must have had a feeling that Tesla was well in front of his own inventions, as he was quite willing to employ him.
Eventually Nikola Tesla left the Edison Electric Company, which owed him a bonus payment of fifty thousand dollars for his successful completion of some important work. When the time came to pay him, Edison stated that he had only been joking when he had offered the bonus. The difference in backgrounds and methods was also a contributory factor in Nikola's decision to resign.
What happened now?
In May 1888 Tesla gave a speech that was to change his fortune, when he appeared before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. He talked about his proposals for an alternating current system which he saw as generating millions of volts and transmitting electrical current over distances of several hundred kilometres from the power station. This was vastly different from Edison and the direct current system, which could only transmit current over a distance of less than two kilometres. Tesla also convinced his audience that motors and electrical lights were quite compatible with his system and would function perfectly.
George Westinghouse of Westinghouse Electrical Company bought the American rights to Tesla's system of alternating current dynamos, transformers and motors and entered into direct competition with the Edison Company. Sensing that his business could be in trouble, Edison tried to prove that alternating would kill people. In order to put fears at rest, Tesla demonstrated in his laboratory that he could light lamps without wires by allowing electricity to flow through his body. At the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, Tesla went on to demonstrate how safe direct current and high voltages could be if used sensibly by passing very high voltage currents through his body.
Westinghouse used Tesla's system for lighting at the fair, and as a result was awarded a contract to install a power station at Niagara Falls. This was supplying alternating current to Buffalo by 1896.
What are some of the other things Tesla did?
In 1890 he produced high frequency generators and in 1891 invented the Tesla coil, which was a transformer that would be used in radio and television communications.
He had many ideas but did not patent them and because of this he did not receive the money he deserved. Perhaps, as a consequence, he died alone and poor in the Hotel New Yorker, New York City on 7th January 1943. His nephew, Sava Kosanovich collected his belongings, including his laboratory notebooks which are now housed in th Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade.


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The effects of global warming are already bringing harm to human communities and the natural world. Further temperature rises will have a devastating impact and more action on greenhouse gas emissions is urgently required. Population and climate change are inextricably linked. Every additional person increases carbon emissions — the rich far more than the poor — and increases the number of climate change victims – the poor far more than the rich.
Population growth is also important because it affects the Earth's ability to withstand climate change and absorb emissions, such as through deforestation as land is converted for agricultural use to feed a growing human population.
We are currently adding more than 80 million people a year to our global population. The UN projects that without further action to address population growth, there will be two billion more people by 2050, and three-and-a-half billion more by 2100.
"All options need to be exercised... We can make choices about how much of each option we use... but the idea you can leave anything out is impossible."
– Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2018
The climate change threat
Further warming of our atmosphere is now almost impossible to avoid. The effects of that warming will depend on how high and how fast the temperature rises. Global warming changes weather patterns, causing severe weather events, heatwaves, droughts and floods.
Climate change is already shrinking glaciers and ice caps, altering the availability of fresh water. It contributes to ocean acidification, destroying coral reefs and other aquatic ecosystems. It makes places uninhabitable for some plants and animals, leading to extinctions and redistribution of species, threatening food production with alien pests and diseases.
Its potential human cost is catastrophic. A rise in sea levels threatens hundreds of millions of people in coastal communities and cities across the globe. Food and water shortages and conflict over productive land will arise, while progress in global health could be rolled back by communicable diseases such as malaria reaching places they never existed before. Hundreds of millions of people are likely to be forced to migrate from their homes by 2050.
"Globally, economic and population growth continued to be the most important drivers of increases in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion."
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014
There are multiple drivers of climate change, amongst which population is only one. Overwhelmingly, emissions are produced by people in the richest countries, and industrial development and consumption patterns in the Global North are primarily responsible for the crisis we are in today. Technological solutions, personal lifestyle changes, policies to end fossil fuel use and develop alternative energy and potentially fundamental changes to our economic sytems are all vital, especially as the timescale for preventing catastrophic climate change is so short - now less than a decade, according to the IPCC.
Whatever other changes we make, however, their positive impacts will be reduced and may even be completely cancelled out by adding emissions from hundreds of millions of new people as our population increases. Meanwhile, solutions such as reforestation may be more difficult to implement with more people needing food and land.
Reducing the number of people being born is not a panacea for climate change, but it cuts future carbon emissions, effectively, simply and permanently, and it boosts the effectiveness of other solutions.
Individual actions
A study published in 2017 by the Universities of Lund and British Columbia suggested that the single most effective measure an individual in the developed world could take to cut their carbon emissions over the long term could be to have one fewer child. The study relied on estimates of future per capita climate emissions which are likely to change significantly, so it must be treated with caution. Illustrative figures produced by the authors suggested, however, that it could be significantly more effective than any other method in saving climate emissions. (For more information on the study and its methodology, click here.)
All the benefits of this action are not immediate and it does not mean that we should not take other actions to cut our individual carbon footprints, of course.
The 2019 Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency, signed by more than 13,000 scientists from around the world, explicitly calls for "bold and drastic transformations" regarding both economic and population policies, including making family planning services available to all and achieving full gender equity.
Another major international study in 2017 identified practical policy measures that could be taken to minimise greenhouse gas emissions as quickly as possible. Project Drawdown analysed more than eighty policy options, such as plant-based diets, solar farms and electric vehicles. They identified family planning and educating girls as among the top 10 workable solutions to combat climate change available today. It found that together, they would reduce CO2 emissions by 103 gigatons by 2050 — more than onshore and offshore wind power combined. The 2020 Drawdown update revised this figure down to 85 gigatons, but it remains one of the most powerful climate solutions.
"Education lays a foundation for vibrant lives for girls and women, their families, and their communities. It also is one of the most powerful levers available for avoiding emissions by curbing population growth."
- Project Drawdown
Population action
Because individuals in the developed world have by far the greatest impact each, people choosing to have smaller families in the richest parts of the world will have the greatest and most immediate positive effect – a vital choice given the urgency to address which climate change. Furthermore, reduced emissions as a result of fewer people being born in richer countries allows more economic development in poorer countries without adding to total emissions.
However, that doesn't mean the number of people in poor countries who currently have a negligible effect on cliate change doesn't matter too. In poorer countries, including those where population growth is highest, economic development is increasing individual carbon footprints and rapidly growing populations push emissions still higher. People living in poverty have an absolute right to economic development and we must not tackle climate change by keeping people poor. That makes it all the more important to empower people to reduce population growth through ethical means.
The world's most populous nations, India and China, are among the top contributors to climate change overall, despite lower impacts from each individual than in wealthier countries. While population growth in India and China is now relatively low, people born today in countries whose populations are still expanding rapidly will have a climate impact for generations to come. Unless we want people to stay poor, we can't ignore population growth where emissions are currently low.
In its landmark 2018 report, the International Panel on Climate Change specifically identified high population growth as a "key impediment" to hitting the critical target of limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
Population growth must be addressed in all countries to tackle climate change.
There are many ethical, effective means of achieving a sustainable population. In addition to family planning, girls' education and other measures to empower women, people need to be educated about the personal and global benefits of smaller families, while beliefs and values favouring large families must be overturned. All these measures will help reduce family size and bring population growth to an end as soon as possible - giving us all the best chance of limiting climate change and protecting the next generation.
If we are to succeed in preventing the worst effects of climate change, we must take action to address population size.
Read our fully referenced four-page briefing
More Feet, More Heat: Climate Change Conference 2018
In 2018, Population Matters hosted a conference, More feet, more heat: climate change and us, which brought together an international panel to examine the relationship between climate change and population. Watch our director's presentation.
Read our latest news about climate change
You can find all the latest updates on this topic at the link below.
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Help me these were so expensive and thought they were worth the money but now not sure.
This sounds like a bad battery.... are you sure its charged enough ?


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Where Germany stands on Brexit
Two years after the UK's Brexit referendum, Germany and the EU are still waiting for precise proposals from London. Divisions in the ruling Conservative party have impeded presentation of a coherent plan.
The BMW plant in Oxford, England
The German government and industry are still asking for precise proposals from the UK government around trade arrangements, status of EU and UK nationals in the UK and EU, the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic, and any role for the European Court of Justice.
The four basic freedoms set out in the internal market rules of the EU's Single European Act cover the free movement of goods, services, capital and people. Theresa May's government has made it clear it does not wish to retain free movement of people between the EU and the UK.
May said ahead of a key meeting of her ministers: "We want a deal that allows us to deliver the benefits of Brexit — taking control of our borders, laws and money and by signing ambitious new trade deals with countries like the US, Australia and New Zealand."
EU negotiators have made it clear to the UK that it can not cherry-pick one part of the EU rules over another. German Chancellor Angela Merkel emphasized after her meeting with May in Berlin in July that the European Commission was leading the Brexit negotiations, rather than individual member states.
Facilitated customs arrangement
German businesses operating in the UK are concerned about how Britain will organize trade after March 2019 when Britain leaves the bloc. A number of banks and automakers have already announced plans to move operations into Europe.
The latest proposal, the facilitated customs arrangement, intends to keep trade flowing as freely as possible. Mirroring EU rules, the arrangement would use technology to determine the final destination of goods and the tariffs to apply and also allow London to set its own tariffs on incoming goods. Britain would be able to strike trade deals with other countries.
However, there is little indication of how the service sector, including finance — which accounts for 80 percent of Britain's economy — would trade with the EU.
Preparing for the worst
The head of Germany's leading business association said in June: "Businesses must be prepared for the worst-case scenario of a 'no deal' [Brexit]," Eric Schweitzer, President of the Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce (DIHK) wrote in a newspaper column in June. "All the advantages of the single common market would be lost. In terms of trade, the UK would then have the same status as, say, Mongolia."
Schweitzer also focused in on the practicalities of trade after March 2019: "Questions need answers, like whether institutions like customs authorities or new registration offices will need to be working under the new rules immediately on March 30, 2019."
"Our businesses are expecting worse UK exports this year, after last year's figures were already pretty miserable," Schweitzer added. "German exports to the UK sank by 2 percent last year, even as they rose by 5 percent on average worldwide."
The Canary Wharf banking center in London
There is little indication of how the UK will apply immigration regulations, and is not expected to pass a new immigration bill before it leaves the bloc next March.
Research is indicating a restriction of migration into Britain would probably lead to lower output. The National Health Service, which relies heavily on European workers, has a record number of vacancies.
There is no clear indication of the status for EU nationals currently living and working in the UK. According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) there were 2.9 million EU citizens living in the UK in 2014, the latest figures available.
A record number of UK nationals have applied for German citizenship since the Brexit vote.
The Irish Border
The UK premier has told the EU that there would be no border checks between the UK region of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, its neighbor to the south.
London rejects any proposal which would see Northern Ireland remain under EU customs law for an unspecified time after Brexit.
Speaking in Dublin in March, Merkel said: "Access to the single market can only be possible on the condition of respecting the four basic freedoms. Otherwise one has to talk about limits to access. These negotiations cannot be based on cherry-picking, because that would have disastrous consequences for the other 27 member states."
The Irish border has hundreds of crossing points
It is unclear what role the ECJ would play in a future Britain. If the UK plans to collect tariffs on the EU's behalf then this would mean the ECJ could be required to play a part in resolving any trade disputes.
The prime minister has insisted Britain should make its own laws after Brexit, with British judges and courts enforcing them.
The German response - Schäuble - keeping the door open
The Bundestag parliament's president, former Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble said in June that the EU bloc would be prepared to give the UK more time to negotiate its exit and would do "whatever we can" to have close relations with the departing member.
"I think if the UK asked for more time … the rest of Europe would be ready to agree on that British demand," Schäuble told the BBC, adding it was up to the British government to decide. "I have always had the understanding that Brexit would be very difficult to be managed and be delivered," he said. "The negotiations prove this." The veteran Christian Democrat even said that he continued to personally hope that Brexit might not come to pass.
At the recent EU summit, Merkel admitted the council spent 15 minutes discussing Brexit while most of the discussion centered on managing immigration.
Foreign Minister Heiko Maas, a Social Democrat, said in April: "For us it's clear: Even after Brexit we need and want to know that the UK is on the EU's side, on our side, as an international actor and a part of the liberal Western order."
DW talks with Nicola Sturgeon
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Nicola Sturgeon: UK lacks realism in Brexit negotiations
Time for the UK is running out
However, many European and German politicians have reminded the UK government that time is running out. Manfred Weber, the leading politician for Merkel's conservative bloc at the European Parliament, told DW in June: "The clock is ticking. We need now a clear indication from London what they want to achieve."
Weber also called for a precise proposal from London as to the government's aims: "We have no indication what they like, what they want to achieve in the negotiations … [that's] a very risky thing, because at the end, a hard Brexit will be a disaster for London."
Nicky Morgan on Conflict Zone
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Angela Merkel and Vladimir Putin push ahead with pipeline 11.01.2020
The Russian and German leaders have confirmed that the controversial Nord Stream 2 pipeline will start operating, despite US sanctions. Merkel also announced that Berlin would soon host Libya ceasefire talks.
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The Syrian conflict, as well as the conflicts in Iran and Iraq, are likely to be on the agenda. The two are due to cross paths twice in a matter of days, with Erdogan also attending the Libya peace conference in Berlin.
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Rocket Lab aces first Electron rocket launch from US soil
By Eric Ralph
After many delays, Rocket Lab has successfully launched an Electron rocket from US soil for the first time.
The company's small Electron rocket lifted off at 6 pm EST (23:00 UTC), January 24th, from a pad built at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. About nine minutes later, the Electron upper stage reached low Earth orbit (LEO) and shut down its Rutherford Vacuum engine. 90 minutes after liftoff, the rocket finished deploying three new Hawkeye 360 Earth observation satellites, marking the successful completion of Rocket Lab's first American launch.
Rocket Lab's workhorse rocket is relatively unique. Electron is the only rocket in the world to successfully reach orbit with structures built almost entirely out of carbon fiber composites. It's also the only orbital-class rocket in the world that uses engines with battery-powered pumps. Electron measures 18 meters (59 ft) tall, 1.2 meters (4 ft) wide, and weighs about 13 tons (~28,500 lbs) at liftoff, making it one of the smallest orbital rockets ever. It sells for about $7.5 million and can launch up to 200 kilograms (440 lb) to a sun-synchronous orbit or 300 kilograms (660 lb) to LEO.
Electron is by far the cheapest widely-available option for a dedicated rocket launch. Although a fully-utilized Electron costs more than $25,000 per kilogram, Rocket Lab has found a decent number of customers that find the benefits worth the cost premium. SpaceX currently offers rideshare launch services for just $5,500 per kilogram. But a dedicated Electron launch buys customers white-glove service and control over the exact timing and target orbit, among other perks.
Many companies are developing orbital transfer vehicles (space tugs) to combine the affordable cost of rideshare launches with customized orbits and deployment timing, but rideshare payloads will always have to grapple with inflexible launch timing. SpaceX will not delay a launch carrying 50-100+ other payloads because one satellite is running behind schedule.
Rocket Lab's history shows that plenty of companies are willing to pay far more for the convenience of a direct launch. Electron's first launch from US soil was the rocket's 30th successful launch and 33rd launch since its May 2017 debut. In 2022, Rocket Lab managed to launch eight times in eight months and nine times overall. Had bad winter weather not conspired to delay its first US launch, the company would have broken into the double digits for the first time and likely kept its monthly launch streak alive.
Rocket Lab also debuted a second New Zealand launch pad in 2022. (Rocket Lab)
LC-2 is Rocket Lab's third orbital launch pad. (Rocket Lab)
Sisyphean delays
Rocket Lab's first American launch is no stranger to delays. The company announced plans to build a US launch site in October 2018. At the time, Rocket Lab hoped to launch its first Electron out of Virginia's NASA Wallops Flight Facility as early as Q3 2019. For a number of reasons, many of which were outside of Rocket Lab's control, that didn't happen.
Rocket Lab began constructing its Launch Complex 2 (LC-2) pad in Virginia in February 2019 and finished construction by the start of 2020. At that point, the then-private company stated that LC-2 was on track to host its first Electron rocket launch as early as Q2 2020. In Q2, Rocket Lab even shipped an Electron to Virginia and completed a range of pad shakedown tests, including a wet dress rehearsal (WDR) and static fire test.
Rocket Lab isn't entirely free of fault. However, nearly all of the blame for that delay appears to lie with NASA, who required that Rocket Lab use the agency's own software for a new kind of "flight termination system." Rocket Lab had already successfully developed and repeatedly flown its own autonomous flight termination system for use at its New Zealand launch site. AFTS replaces a human-in-the-loop with software that monitors a rocket and decides if it needs to protect populated areas by triggering explosive charges that will destroy the vehicle.
NASA's software was plagued by years of delays, causing the payload assigned to Electron's US launch debut to change repeatedly. In 2019, it was supposed to be a Space Test Program (STP) mission for the US Air Force. From 2020 to 2021, it was supposed to be NASA's CAPSTONE mission to the Moon. Both missions were ultimately launched at Rocket Lab's primary launch site in New Zealand.
Only in January 2023, almost three years after Rocket Lab was first ready to go, did Electron finally lift off from US soil with a trio of Hawkeye 360 radio surveillance satellites in tow. The mission was the first of Electron launches purchased by Hawkeye 360 to launch 15 satellites. Rocket Lab intends to launch again from LC-2 in the near future and has already shipped a second Electron rocket to Virginia.
Norway just greenlit this vertical-axis floating wind turbine
Norway's fossil fuel bonanza stokes impassioned debate about how best to spend its 'war profits'


text:
Q: Can somebody tell me the name of the algorithm if it exists or tell me how to find it Here is the idea:
There is a huge 2D dataset (250,000 datapoints).
I need to get rid of 90% of the datapoint without hurting the data structure. Which means (i believe) to get rid of the closest ones. Density must decrease...
Considering we need to keep the structure - we can't just randomly delete 90% as this might cause bias. There may be a little element of random in this but no too much.
I can put the data in 2D matrix and divide into cells. Some cells then will have more datapoints and some will have less and some will have none.
I need the algorithm that will group those datapoints or the cells in my matrix into segments which will all have relatively close nummer of datapoints in it. Those segments or cells in "new" matrix can be different size(which i believe is the point in this algorithm).
I've drawn a picture. It is not accurate but I hope it will make idea a bit clearer.
Also I code in python :^)
Thank you!!

A: the algorithm you are searching is a unsupervised learning method, the most famous one is kmeans on python.
You can find the documentation here: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.KMeans.html
Here is a code example for an array:
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
import numpy as np
X = np.array([[1, 2], [1, 4], [1, 0],
               [10, 2], [10, 4], [10, 0]])
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=2, random_state=0).fit(X)
kmeans.labels_

If you have to adjust it for a dataframe (df), it looks like this:
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
X = df[['column A',..., 'column D']]
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=2, random_state=0).fit(X)
kmeans.labels_

the output labels are your clusters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Call us today for a free Castle Pines pest control quote!
Mice are common in cities all across the country, and they tend to be especially active here in Colorado cities like Castle Pines.
In the colder months, they can sneak inside your home to find warmth and food, and they are known to squeeze in through even the tiniest openings.
Mice multiply at an alarming pace so a few initial invaders can quickly become an infestation. If your home is near Elk Ridge Park or other areas with open space, you may be especially at-risk.
Carpenter ants love to gnaw on old, damp wood. You'll often find them in wetter areas, like near Haskings Gulch at the southern edge of town.
However, they won't turn down dry wood so you'll spot them in other wooded areas, like near Daniel's Park as well.
Over time, these little critters can burrow into your home, weakening the overall structure and potentially causing serious damage!
We are carpenter ant specialists, so we can quickly get rid of these dangerous ants for you before the situation gets worse and they do more damage to your home. Carpenter ants are one of more than 30 Colorado pests covered on our popular, year-round Pest Free Guarantee™ service.
Throughout Castle Pines, you may also experience issues with wasps, hornets, spiders, bed bugs and more.
Here at proof., our pest control experts can help you get the situation under control so you can go back to enjoying your home and yard in a pest-free environment. Call us today to get started!
Castle Pines is a small city located about half an hour south of Denver. The city is home to about 10,000 residents, many of whom chose the city because of its plethora of outdoor activities.
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This beautiful region is also home to a wide variety of common household pests. We will be happy to get rid of any of them that are currently bothering you! Call us today for a free quote on Castle Pines pest control for your home or business!


text:
Il doppio del torneo di tennis East West Bank Classic 1999, facente parte del WTA Tour 1999, ha avuto come vincitrici Larisa Neiland e Arantxa Sánchez Vicario che hanno battuto in finale Lisa Raymond e Rennae Stubbs 6-2, 6-7(5), 6-0.

Teste di serie

 Alexandra Fusai /  Nathalie Tauziat (primo turno)
 Elena Lichovceva /  Ai Sugiyama (primo turno)

 Lisa Raymond /  Rennae Stubbs (finale)
Assente

Tabellone

Collegamenti esterni

East West Bank Classic 1999

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text:
AARP AARP States Minnesota
mnleg
AARP POLL: 50+ VOTERS COULD DECIDE KEY MINNESOTA RACES
By Seth Boffeli, SEP 12, 2018
ST. PAUL - A new poll released by AARP Minnesota today shows a large number of undecided 50 plus voters with less than two months to go until election day. The poll, which surveyed the opinions and concerns of 808 voters over the age of 50, found that 19 percent were undecided in the Gubernatorial election and 21 percent were undecided in the open U.S. Senate race. Given their historically large turnout percentages in off-year elections, these undecided older voters will likely decide who represents Minnesota at the highest levels of government.
Statement on OLA Elder Abuse Report
By Seth Boffeli, MAR 6, 2018
St. Paul - Members of the Consumer Workgroup on Elder Abuse commend the Office of Legislative Auditor's (OLA) report on the Office of Health Facility Complaints (OHFC). The report brings needed transparency and accountability to a department that has been plagued by an inability to investigate elder abuse complaints in a timely manner.
Community Conversations on Rx Drugs
By Seth Boffeli, FEB 5, 2018
Elder Abuse Report
By Seth Boffeli, JAN 29, 2018
Consumer Workgroup Lays out Public Policy Actions Necessary to Prevent/Deter Elder Abuse
AARP MN Letter to Gov. Dayton on Legislative Priorities
By Seth Boffeli, MAY 5, 2017
A Savings SOS From Minnesota Workers
By Seth Boffeli, MAR 30, 2017
In the next decade as many as 750,000 Minnesotans will reach retirement age. However, according to a recent AARP Survey, an alarming number of them haven't saved nearly enough.
The Case for Paid Family Leave
By Seth Boffeli, OCT 27, 2016
There are nearly 600,000 family caregivers in Minnesota who are taking care of an adult relative, spouse or friend. There are even more who are caring for children or grandchildren and most of these unsung heroes are doing so while working, raising families and trying to save for their kids college or their own retirement. And most are doing so without basic workplace protections. In fact, only 13 percent of Minnesota workers have paid family and medical leave through their employers. AARP Minnesota believes it's time for a common-sense solution that allows Minnesotans to work and care for their families.
What is Community Spousal Protection and Why is it Important?
By Seth Boffeli, MAY 17, 2016
Illness can cause an insurmountable amount of debt for couples -- especially when it requires long term care. These families facing debilitating diseases such as Alzheimer's can't afford afford to pay for expensive long term care out of pocket but they also can't afford Medical Assistance. To qualify for Medical Assistance, couples are often forced to deplete their assets in order to qualify which means in order to care for one spouse both must enter poverty. For too many the only way to avoid this is divorce. Families should not have to go to such extremes to keep their loved ones safe and protected.
AARP RELEASES 2016 LEGISLATIVE PRIORITIES
With the start of the 2016 Legislative Session, AARP has released its legislative priorities for the year. Top priorities include support for family caregivers through the passage of the CARE Act, measures to address retirement insecurity by reducing the burden of the Social Security tax and possibly passing new models for retirement savings. AARP is opposed to legislation that deregulates telecommunications services.
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Social Security has long been a vital tool for promoting the well-being of those who can no longer work. It serves as a major source of income for half of the U.S. population aged 65 and older, enabling them to
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Don't overlook the importance of healthy eyes. Problems like macular degeneration, cataracts, and a decrease in overall vision can occur as a result of harsh environmental and lifestyle factors, such as UV damage, smoking, eye strain and age. Luckily, you can keep atop of your eye health and help maintain strong eyesight with nutrients found in a healthy diet consisting of fresh fruits and vegetables, fatty fish, and supplements, such as vitamin A and lutein.
Shop our eye health collection below!


text:
/*    */ package com.hundsun.network.hseccms.web.resolver;
/*    */
/*    */ import com.hundsun.network.hseccms.security.SettlerAgent;
/*    */ import com.hundsun.network.melody.common.web.cookyjar.Cookyjar;
/*    */ import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
/*    */ import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebArgumentResolver;
/*    */ import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest;
/*    */
/*    */ public class SettlerAgentArgumentResolver
/*    */   implements WebArgumentResolver
/*    */ {
/*    */   public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter methodParameter, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
/*    */     throws Exception
/*    */   {
/* 20 */     if (methodParameter.getParameterType().equals(SettlerAgent.class)) {
/* 21 */       Cookyjar cookyjar = (Cookyjar)webRequest.getAttribute("cookyjar", 0);
/*    */
/* 24 */       if (cookyjar != null) {
/* 25 */         return cookyjar.getObject(SettlerAgent.class);
/*    */       }
/*    */     }
/* 28 */     return UNRESOLVED;
/*    */   }
/*    */ }

/* Location:           E:\__安装归档\linquan-20161112\deploy13\cmsWeb\WEB-INF\classes\
 * Qualified Name:     com.hundsun.network.hseccms.web.resolver.SettlerAgentArgumentResolver
 * JD-Core Version:    0.6.0
 */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Duripelta totara är en spindelart som beskrevs av Forster och Norman I. Platnick 1985. Duripelta totara ingår i släktet Duripelta och familjen Orsolobidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Spindlar
totara


text:
O CT-01, é o modelo de monoposto de corrida da equipe Caterham F1 Team para a temporada 2012 de Fórmula 1. O projeto foi coordenado por Mike Gascoyne e em Dezembro de 2011 foi anunciado que havia sido aprovado no crash test da FIA. Após ter imagens do modelo vazadas na internet, a apresentação oficial aconteceu no dia 26 de janeiro.

A grande novidade em relação ao seu antecessor, é o dispositivo KERS, utilizado pela equipe Red Bull na temporada anterior e também o mesmo conjunto de câmbio.

O piloto italiano Jarno Trulli elogiou o carro após o último dia de treinos de pré-temporada realizados em Jerez de la Frontera. Segundo Truli, o modelo é uma evolução em relação ao anterior e demonstrou confiabilidade.

Carros de Fórmula 1 da Lotus Racing


text:
Zámek Smrčina (německy Sorg) bylo sídlo 3 kilometry severně od města Aše, mezi obcemi Podhradí a Krásná, v okrese Cheb, kraji Karlovarském. Zámek byl zbourán v roce 1963.

Historie
Osada Smrčina je poprvé zmiňována v roce 1290. Tehdy jí získal od Rudolfa Habsburského jako léno zemský soudce Otto Machwitz z Vogtlandu. Někdy poté zde byla postavena tvrz, která se zde nacházela patrně až do 17. století, kdy zchátrala a byla zbourána. Později se Smrčina stala majetkem Neubergů z nedalekého Podhradí. Od Neubergů získávají Smrčinu Zedtwitzové. Karel Josef Zedtwitz zde v roce 1690 postavil zámek, který se podle historických pramenů sestával povětšinou ze dřeva. Jednalo se o prostou obdélníkovou barokní budovu, která byla později zvednuta o jedno patro. Zedtwitzové z Podhradí využívali zámek jako letní sídlo. Okolo zámku bylo později vystavěno několik hospodářských budov a hospoda. V 18. století, během tzv. sedmileté války zde byly ubytovány císařské jednotky. Na přelomu 19. a 20. století byl zámek kompletně přestavěn do podoby jednokřídlové patrové budovy se třemi rizality. Prostřední rizalit byl na straně do zámeckých zahrad vybaven půlkruhovým balkonem.

Počátkem 20. století, kdy se Zedtwitzové dostali do finančních problémů, začal zámek postupně chátrat. Proto ho v roce 1911 prodali bohatému ašskému průmyslníkovi, Wilhelmu Fischerovi, který zámek zrekonstruoval a revitalizoval zámecké zahrady a přilehlou oblast. V té době bylo sídlo také nazýváno "klenotem rodiny Fischerů". Po roce 1945, kdy byl zámek Fischerům odebrán, začal pustnout. Později byl využíván státními statky jako kanceláře a závodní jídelna. Státní statky však zámek vůbec neudržovaly, a ten se v 60. letech ocitl v tak katastrofálním stavu, že musel být v roce 1963 z bezpečnostních důvodů stržen. Dnes není po zámku již ani památky, a na jeho místě se nachází silážní jáma.

Externí odkazy

Literatura
 Hrady, zámky a tvrze v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku (Západní Čechy), kolektiv autorů, Svoboda 1985
 Zaniklé hrady, zámky a tvrze Čech, Jiří Úlovec, Libri 2000
 Obce Ašska v proměnách času, kolektiv autorů, Muzeum Aš 2008

Zaniklé zámky v okrese Cheb
Plesná
Zbořeno v Česku 1963


Heat issues resurface at advanced nodes, raising questions about how well semiconductors will perform over time for a variety of applications.
Heat is becoming a much bigger problem for semiconductor and system design, fueled by higher density and the increasing use of complex chips in markets such as automotive, where reliability is measured in decade-long increments.
In the past, heat typically was handled by mechanical engineers, who figured out where to put heat sinks, fans, or holes to funnel heat out of a chassis. But as more functionality is added onto a PCB or into an SoC, heat is becoming a much more important consideration at the silicon level—one that is difficult to predict, manage, and risky to ignore.
Survival is a relative term. Many designs now have to be fully functional for much longer periods than in the past because of demands for extended reliability in end markets such as automotive, aerospace, medical, industrial. Even chips in an automobile's infotainment system need to last 10 to 15 years because of possible interaction with safety-critical systems.
This isn't exactly a new topic of discussion for semiconductor engineers. In 2001, Pat Gelsinger—then Intel's CTO—predicted that within a decade the energy density of chips would be equivalent to the surface the sun if nothing was done. The solutions came in the form of multiple cores, dark silicon methodologies, new materials, and a number of of very good engineering and design techniques. But the problem never went away, and it has come back with a vengeance in finFET-based designs, particularly at the next couple of process nodes, forcing companies to consider 2.5D and fan-out packaging, new architectures and microarchitectures, and raising questions about the long-term impacts of even modestly higher temperatures.
Temperature is relatively steady state, compared with spikes in voltage drops, for instance. That makes it deceptive to deal with effectively. It should seem logical that, in conjunction with the thermal conductive properties of silicon, the heat should dissipate across and out of a chip. But in a densely packed SoC, not all of that heat can escape. Wherever that channel gets blocked, it can overheat components, sometimes completely on the other side of the chip.
Figuring out when and where thermal issues will crop up requires a combination of tools, history, and a healthy dose of luck.
But with uneven temperatures across a die, it's much harder to calculate the impact on reliability.
FinFETs have provided a respite from leakage current at 16/14nm, which has been increasingly difficult to manage since 65nm. But the problem begins to grow again, starting at 10nm, and that drives up heat.
Advanced packaging is another option, and one that has gained more attention over the past year as high-bandwidth memory solutions began hitting the market. But there are plenty more options there, including how the individual die are packaged together.
Tessera has begun developing a different way of stacking DRAM, as well, staggering the die the way bricks are staggered, so that on every stack a portion of the DRAM is open. That approach allows more cooling and with shorter interconnects and faster memory access.
Heat has other effects that are just beginning to be understood in the semiconductor world as it crosses into the world of deep physics.
Those problems will likely be compounded as the Internet of Everything begins kicking into gear, because many devices will need to be always on, and as more features are added into systems that can be affected by different use models. Both can affect heat.
The bottom line is that thermal issues are increasingly part of the design, and need to independently and in conjunction with power, materials, architectures, processes and packaging. On a positive note, this does provide some very interesting multi-physics engineering problems to solve for years to come.
This first statement tells me that higher temps INCREASE the risk of latch-up, which makes sense.
This second statement tells me that higher temps DECREASE the risk of latch-up, due to the inversely varying relationship (1/√E), which does NOT makes sense to me. Admittedly I'm out of my element here, but intuitively I would think that increasing energy would INCREASE the flux of alpha ions, which would further INCREASE the risk of latch-up.


Home » Kitchen » Cooktops Gas 36 » Cooktops Gas 36 #6 36 In. Gas Cooktop In Stainless Steel With 5 Burners Including 18000-BTU Power .
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