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Home » News » Finance » Highlights of the the Federal Budget 2010-11
Highlights of the the Federal Budget 2010-11
in Finance, News June 6, 2010 75 Views
KARACHI (June 06, 2010) – The finance minister yesterday announced the federal budget for 2010-2011 in the parliament. The highlights of the budget are listed below.
A. INCOME TAX BUDGETARY MEASURES
Relief Measures
1. In order to provide relief to large number of taxpayers deriving their incomes from Salary and business, the limit of Basic Exemption is proposed to be enhanced from Rs.200,000/- to Rs.300,000/- in respect of Salaried taxpayers, while in the respect of Non-Salaried taxpayers it has been proposed to enhanced from Rs.100,000/- to Rs.300,000/-.
2. For welfare of industrial & commercial consumers of electricity, the maximum rate of advance tax deductible under section 235 on monthly electricity bills is proposed to be reduced from 10% to 5%, on the amount of the bills payable by them;
3. The Senior Citizens of the age of 60 years or more, are proposed to be eligible for relief of 50% of tax on their income, if their income does not exceed Rs.100,000/- as compared to previous maximum limit of Rs.75,000/-. However this relief shall not be available on income subject to Presumptive Tax Regime.
4. In pursuance of Prime Minister's Relief Package to rehabilitate the economy of Khyber Paktunkhwa, FATA and PATA, some amendments are proposed to be introduced in the Income Tax Law. These measures provide following reliefs to industrial and commercial taxpayers hailing from most and moderately affected areas, as prescribed:
a) Waiver of entire amount of default surcharge & penalty till 30th June 2010;
b) Exemption from advance tax on electricity for tax years 2010 and 2011;
c) Exemption from withholding tax on exports;
d) Recovery of outstanding income tax arrears through easy installments;
e) Enhancement of income tax exemption limit from Rs.0.1 million to Rs.0.3 million;
f) Annual Audit with the approval of FBR; and
g) Exemption from advance tax on import of plant and machinery upto 30th June 2011;
However these concessions shall not be available to manufacturers and suppliers of cement, sugar, beverages and cigarettes.
5. For the wellbeing of disabled persons, 100% depreciation expense can be claimed on Ramp built to provide access to disabled persons, is proposed through a new provision to be inserted in the law.
6. In order to provide relief to employees, exemption from taxation of perquisites on waiver of employees obligation to pay or repay, and amount owed to employer, is proposed.
7. In order to facilitate the withholding agents, instead of e-filing monthly, quarterly and annual withholding tax statements, the e-filing of only quarterly withholding tax statements is proposed;
Tax Incentives for Foreign and Domestic Investments
1. For the wellbeing of listed company a Tax credit for BMR costs incurred by such a company is proposed to be provided @ 10% for the tax year of its incurrence. This concession has been proposed to be admissible for the tax years 2011 to 2015;
2. With the purpose to encourage enlistment of corporate sector, a 5% tax credit is proposed to be allowed to a company in the tax year of its enlistment.
3. In order to align with rest of the scheme, 10% withholding tax deductible on Government Securities is proposed to be a FINAL tax.
4. Withholding tax deductible on debt instruments is proposed to be a FINAL tax, in order to relieve the non-resident taxpayers of statutory requirement for filing income tax return.
5. For providing incentive to foreign lenders for tax-free repatriation of profits earned on foreign industrial loans, Clause 72(iii) of Part-IV of Second Schedule to the Income Tax Ordinance 2001 is proposed to be re-instated.
6. The maximum rate of withholding tax deductible on payments made to nonresident taxpayers who are not subject to Avoidance of Double Taxation Treaties (other than payments made on account of royalty and fee for technical services) is proposed to be @ 20% instead of 30%;
7. Honoring wide demand, the rate of withholding tax deductible @ 20% on crossword puzzles is proposed to be reduced to a rate of 10%;
Revenue measures
1. In order to strengthen the drive for documentation, a uniform tax rate for small companies as well as AOPs is proposed @ 25% of their taxable income.
2. Advance tax deductible on imports made by commercial importers is proposed to be enhanced to @5% being a FINAL tax.
3. Tax on capital gains accruing on account of holdings of stocks/shares/securities for six-months or less is proposed @ 10%, while holdings of stocks/shares/securities exceeding six-months is proposed @ 7.5%. However no tax has been proposed on such capital gains arising held for a period exceeding 12 months.
4. In order to rationalize and simplify slab-rates provided in respect of advance tax deductible on goods transport vehicles under Item (1) of Division-III of Part-IV of Second Schedule to the Income Tax Ordinance 2001 are proposed to be abolished, and tax is proposed @ Re.1 per kilogram of the laden weight capacity of goods transport vehicle. No change has been proposed in the rate of tax on goods forwarding contracts, which remain taxable at the existing rate of 2%.
5. In order to bring clarity on advance tax deductible on Cash Withdrawals from Banks, various banking transactions including modes like withdrawals through Demand Draft, Pay Order, Online Transfer, Telegraphic Transfer, TDR, CDR, STDR and RTC, are proposed to be subject to 0.3% deduction of the advance tax, if such transactions exceed threshold of Rs.25,000/- in a single day. The advance tax is adjustable.
6. Turnover Tax on Loss Making Companies is proposed to be enhanced to @ 1%.
7. Withholding tax on gross value of Inland Air Ticket has been proposed @ 5%. Under the scheme the Inland Air-Ticketing persons shall withholding the tax, which will be adjustable against the tax liability of the purchaser of such ticket;
1. Section 4 of the Income Tax Ordinance 2001 is proposed to be amended to include a reference regarding tax credit on account of share of profits received by a company from an AOP.
2. In order to bring clarity, expression 'CD' appearing in Division-V of Part-IV of First Schedule to the Income Tax Ordinance 2001 is proposed to be replaced by 'any electronic medium'.
3. The mandatory requirement of Filing of Wealth Statement by the Taxpayers in FTR cases with yearly tax amounting to Rs.35, 000/- is proposed to be included in section 116 of the Income Tax Ordinance 2001.
4. For enforcing checks on non-compliant taxpayers, and to encourage complianttaxpayers, a new section 181A is proposed to be inserted in the Ordinance.
5. In order to streamline accounting of Advance Tax payments, certain amendments are proposed in section 147 of the Ordinance, so that quarterly advance tax payments are paid by 25th of last month, as compared to earlier requirement of such payments by 15th of every month after the end of a quarter.
6. Through an editorial amendment, the reference of 'minimum tax' on importer of edible oil and packing materials under section 148, is proposed to be incorporated in provisions referring to final tax on the income of an importer.
7. For the purposes of clarity, through an editorial amendment the reference of subsection (1AA) of section 152 is proposed to be inserted in sub-section (2) of section 152.
8. In order to rationalize the definition of 'Prescribed Persons' as given in subsection (9) of section 153, an individual with turnover of Rs.50 millions or above
is proposed to be added.
9. In order to perceive better audit of withholding taxes, the withholding agents shall be required to e-file quarterly statements even in the cases where no-tax was deducted. For the purpose of alignment and uniformity, the words 'a person collecting tax' are proposed to be replaced with the words 'a withholding agent' in sub-section (2) of section 165.
10. Editorial amendments in Section 236A of the Ordinance are proposed in order to bring clarity and remove confusion about the charge of advance tax on public auction of all kind of property including confiscated or attached goods.
11. On merger of Investment Corporation of Pakistan with Industrial Development Bank, the exemption available to ICP on dividend received from any other company is proposed to be withdrawn.
12. Exemption under clause (52) of Part-IV of the Second Schedule to the Income Tax Ordinance 2001 available to Vanaspati Ghee or Oil is proposed to be withdrawn, in view of demise of SRO. 593(I) 1991 Dated 30th June 1991.
B. CUSTOMS BUDGETARY MEASURES
Policy Objectives
Relief to general public
Minimizing the cost of doing business.
Industrial incentives for growth and expansion.
Boosting the export oriented sectors.
Amendments in legal provisions to make them more transparent and simple.
1. Reduction of customs duty on crude palm oil from Rs.9,000/MT to Rs.8,000/MT to decrease cost of vegetable ghee and oil.
2. Exemption of customs duty on import of photographic plates and film for X-ray to lower cost of medical diagnoses for general public.
3. Reduction of duty to 5% on pharmaceutical raw materials and drugs to provide relief to common man.
4. Reduction of duty on equipment for dedicated use of renewable energy to encourage use of renewable energy resources.
5. Reduction of duty on raw materials for laundry soap and detergent to provide relief to general public.
6. Concession of customs duty on import of Road Sweeping Lorries to increase efficiency of municipal and local governments.
7. Exemption of customs duty on import of fully dedicated LPG buses and dispensing equipment to encourage use of cheaper environment friendly
fuel.
Incentives to Local Industry
8. Exemption of customs duty on import of raw materials/components for energy saving lamps to support its local manufacturers.
9. Exemption of customs duty and sales tax on rice processing machinery to boost value addition and export of rice.
10. Reduction of duty on raw materials of leather industry to encourage leather exports.
11. Reduction of duty on raw materials of glass industry to make them more competitive.
12. Reduction of duty on secondary quality tin mill black plate for manufacturers of tin plate to reduce their manufacturing cost.
13. Exemption of duty on milk filters to support dairy industry .
Tariff rationalization
14. Exemption of duty on other than pure bred breeding animals to bring their duty at par with pure bred breeding animals.
15. Rationalization of duty on glucose and glucose syrup to avoid misdeclaration.
16. Rationalization of duty on prepared industrial colours to rationalize their duty structure.
17. Inclusion of LED T.V. in industry specific concessionary regime to encourage their local manufacturing.
18. Levy of 5% concessionary duty on copper & aluminum tubes and electro galvanized steel sheets if imported by manufacturers of evaporators and washing machines.
19. Exemption of duty on silk yarn spun from other than silk waste to rationalize tariff.
20. Rationalization of duty on two PCTs of adhesives.
21. Creation of separate PCT code for auto parts scrap in pressed bundles to streamline its clearance process.
22. Correction of PCT code for asphalt paver.
23. Correction in description of PCT codes 6813.2010 & 6813.8110.
24. Rationalization of PCT code 3920.6300 with Pak-China FTA.
Legal Changes in Customs Act, 1969
1. Keeping in view the change in rate of exchange of US $ vis–vis Pak rupees and increase in prices of gold and other items the limit for taking cognizance under the smuggling related provisions is being enhanced from Rs.50,000/- to Rs.150,000/-.
2. The valuation formula for the goods to be exported is being simplified by including regulatory duty instead of export duty in section 25 in subsection (15)(b).
3. The customs value determined under section 25A shall be applicable until and unless revised or superseded or rescinded by the competent authority.
4. Section 25D is being elaborated by inserting the words "under section 25A" in order to clarify that review application before Director General Valuation shall lie in cases of the values determined by Director Valuation or Collector of Customs under section 25A. For filing a review application under section 25D, the time period of 30 days from the date of determination of customs value is being fixed.
5. Section 32 is being amended so that cognizance could be taken in cases where revenue is paid through self assessment in order to curb the tendency of mis-declaration and less payment of revenue through computerized clearance system.
6. Section 32A is being amended by inserting words and comma "payment of revenue through self-assessment," to curb the tendency of deliberate wrong self-assessments on the part of the importers.
7. Proviso to sub-section (1) of section 79 is being amended in order to restrict the facility of filing of goods declaration after examining the goods by the importer to only in case of used goods. Besides, the permission for filing of goods declaration after examination of goods can now only be granted by the
Additional Collector.
8. Section 81, sub-section (2) is being amended in order to finalize the cases of provisional assessment within three months.
9. Section 81, sub-section (4) is being amended in order to streamline procedure for passing an order after final determination of provisional assessment.
10. Section 156, sub-section (1), is being amended to enhance the general penalty to the extent of Rs.50,000/-.
11. Section 156, sub-section (1), clause (64) is being amended to enhance the penalty to the extent of not less than twice the value of the offending goods besides the confiscation of goods for violation of section 128 and 129 of Customs Act, 1969. This penalty will create a deterrence vis–vis the smuggling of transit trade goods.
12. In section 194A, sub-section (1), a new clause (e) is being added which would enable any person or an officer of Customs to file an appeal before the Appellate Tribunal in cases of review order passed by the Director General Customs Valuation under section 25D provided the appeal is heard by the double bench of the Appellate Tribunal.
C. SALES TAX AND FEDERAL EXCISE BUDGETARY MEASURES
The budgetary measures pertaining to Sales Tax and Federal Excise are primarily aimed at:
Enhancing the federal excise and sales tax revenues without inducing any additional burden on the common man and poor segments of society.
Distributing the burden of extra taxation measures on all sectors of the economy.
Enhancing tax incidence on cigarettes which are injurious to health.
1. Withdrawal of restriction on adjustment of Federal Excise Duty paid on beverage concentrate.
Withdrawal of restriction on adjustment of FED paid on beverage concentrate is aimed at attracting new investment in beverage industry and reducing the prices of aerated waters in the country. (Enforced through SRO 399(I)/2010 dated 05.06.2010, effective from the 1st July, 2010.)
1. Increase in the rate of sales tax from 16% to 17%.
Increase in the rate of sales tax from 16% to 17% is aimed at distributing the burden of extra tax measures on all sectors of the economy. (Enforced through amendment in Section 3 of the Sales Tax Act, 1990, effective from the 1st July, 2010 and Notifications Nos. SRO 395 to 398(I)/2010, dated 05.06.2010.)
2. Increase in rate of Federal Excise Duty on Natural Gas from Rs. 5.09 per MMBTu to Rs. 10/- per MMBTu.
Enhancement of rate of Federal Excise Duty on Natural Gas is aimed at implementation of the NFC recommendations.(Enforced through amendment in Table I of First Schedule to the Federal Excise Act, 2005, effective from the 1st July, 2010.)
3. Upward revision of Federal Excise duty structure on cigarettes.
Enhancement of rate of Federal Excise Duty on locally produced Cigarettes in different slabs is aimed at bringing tax incidence on cigarettes up to the international standards and discouraging smoking. (Enforced through amendment in Table I of First Schedule to the Federal Excise Act, 2005, effective from the 6th June, 2010.)
4. Levy of Federal Excise Duty @ Rs. 1/- per filter rod of cigarettes.
Levy of Federal Excise Duty @ Rs. 1/- per filter rod for cigarettes is aimed at realization of revenue on sale of filter rods to unregistered and illicit manufacturers of cigarettes. (Enforced through amendment in Table I of First Schedule to the Federal Excise Act, 2005, effective from the 6th June, 2010.)
5. Levy of 10% Federal Excise Duty on electricity intensive home appliances
Levy of Federal Excise Duty on electricity intensive home appliances is aimed at reducing the consumption of electricity and generation of some extra revenue. (Enforced through amendment in Table I of First Schedule to the Federal Excise Act, 2005, effective from the 6th June, 2010.)
Courtesy of Accountancy
Economic and Finance News 2010-06-06
Tagged with: Economic and Finance News


« Check Out Some Of These Blogging Tips!
There is a certain allure to blogging because everyone has something that they want to say. Everybody has issues to discuss and information to pass on, and often, the most challenging part about blogging is finding out how to accomplish this. In this article, you can find information to help you reach your blogging goals.
Make sure your blog incorporates search engine optimization. Because you want people to start reading your blog, you have to be certain that the blog is listed highly in search engine results for specific topics. Get the most readers by using the most important keywords as part of your title and all through each article on your website.
Blog frequently. Don't be like other beginning bloggers who don't update their blog frequently after starting it. This mistake will cost you readers. People who were interested in the blog at first will soon become bored, as they wait for updated content. You need to post at least once a week, and use a service, like Feedburner, to allow your readers to receive email notification of your new post.
If you plan to blog for the long haul, then invest in a domain name. You will increase the professional appearance of your blog for the small fee. It will be far easier for your readers to remember. This is even more true if your domain name contains your business name or other aspects of your branding.
As previously stated, there is a certain allure to blogging because everyone has a message that they want to share. Everybody has a piece of information that they wish to share. How can you get your message out to the masses, though? The advice provided in this article was meant to help you create a successful blog and allow your opinion to be heard.


If you can not score 67 points – the minimum score required – for the Federal skilled worker program, you do have other options for permanent immigration to Canada.
The Canadian Experience Class requires 24 months of full-time work experience in Canada (there is also a post-graduation scheme that I'll address in another blog).
You work experience in Canada must have been performed legally with a valid work permit, and the work must fall within the duties described in NOC 0, A or B (click here for the NOC link).
Applicants must also meet various minimum language requirements depending on their whether their occupation falls within NOC 0, A or B.
The best part? This is a pass/fail category. In other words, there are no minimum points to achieve. You either meet the requirements and pass or you don't. Important factors in the Federal skilled worker program such as education and work history outside Canada are not considered in the Canadian Experience Class category.
So sharpen that resume and start applying to Canadian employers who are willing sponsor you for a position in Canada. If you live in the US or Mexico, you may be able to take advantage of NAFTA, discussed in various other blog postings on this site.


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# @see https://redis.io/commands#stream
class TestCommandsOnStreams < Minitest::Test
  include Helper::Client
  include Lint::Streams
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Quiring, Courtney, et al. "Terazosin." Davis's Drug Guide, 16th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2019. Anesthesia Central, anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51727/all/terazosin.
Quiring C, Sanoski CA, Vallerand AH. Terazosin. Davis's Drug Guide. 16th ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2019. https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51727/all/terazosin. Accessed April 20, 2019.
Quiring C, Sanoski CA, Vallerand AH. Terazosin [Internet]. In: Davis's Drug Guide. F.A. Davis Company; 2019. [cited 2019 April 20]. Available from: https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51727/all/terazosin.


Guess what!!! I'm beginning a special '12 Days of Christmas' sale that I have put together very soon. The sale will begin on Saturday 1st December 2018 and will run for 12 days, with a new post promoting a new sale that will be published every morning. I'm really excited about this, but can't tell you any more right now because I want everything to be a surprise. What I can tell you is that there will be lots of savings on printables, Christmas gift bundles and in-store products, so make sure that you subscribe to my newsletter on the side bar of my website to stay up to date, and start following me on Instagram and Facebook.
It sure is beginning to look a lot like Christmas!!!
WHAT'S YOUR FAVOURITE PART OF THE 12 DAYS OF CHRISTMAS SONG?


Sports Massage: What is it?
Body-Wise gets a lot of calls from new clients asking if we do Sports Massage. The answer is yes but we also start asking a lot of questions. What are you looking for in your appointment? Are you in training for a particular event or are you simply involved in a specific type of activity? Have you strained a muscle lately? When is your next hard workout or event? All of these questions determine what your "Sports Massage" program will be like.
There are manyTypes of Sports Massage: pre and post-event, restorative & rehabilitative.
Pre-event and post-event sports massages are done at a specific event site. Before the event, sports massage offers a short, stimulating massage to loosen the muscles up for performance. It is directed toward the parts of the body that will be involved in the exertion. A post-event massage is given within an hour or two of the event, to normalize the body's tissues. It helps with cramping and promoting blood circulation to help the muscles detoxify themselves. These are great ways to warm up and cool down after running races, swimming or bicycle events and the tri-athlons that many people participate in.
Sports massage for body restoration and rehabilitation is done at a clinic site. Restorative sports massage is given during as specific training cycle. It allows the athlete to train more vigorously and with less injury. The techniques used often blend a variety of massage styles and are as individualized for the person as there are activities to participate in.
A rehabilitative sports massage is aimed at alleviating pain due to injury and returning the body to health. It allows for relaxation to stressed muscle tissue as well as the mind. This allows the body to repair and the mind to refocus. As in a restorative sports massage, the styles of bodywork are dependent on the client as well as the expertise of the therapist.
Sports massage, like all types of massages, has many benefits. In addition to FEELING GOOD, sports massage reduces helps reduce heart rate, increases blood circulation and lymph flow, reduces muscle tension, improves flexibility, and relieves pain. So whatever you participate from marathons on the road to the marathons of life, massage is good for you! When was the last time you had one?


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Q: Schedule a simple php file on Cronjob on Godaddy I am trying to run a PHP file every 15mins from 6PM. I have set cronjob like this:
*/15 18 * * * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

can someone confirm if this script will run at 6 PM and after that every 15mins?
The server is in MST standard time. So I have set 6 PM.  I want the script.php to run from 6:00 AM IST to 7:00 PM IST. So I have set 6 PM MST.
In Godaddy, the process is not happening. Is there a way to check the log if cronjob has run successfully?
Thanks!

A: This one runs from 18:00 to the end of the day... at every 15th minute past every hour from 18 through 23 on day-of-month 4 in November.
*/15 18-23 4 11 * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

and then you make a new one starting with 0:00 tonight... at every 15th minute on every day-of-month from 5 through 31 in November.
*/15 * 5-31 11 * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

And then you make another one ... at every 15th minute in December.
*/15 * * 12 * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

and in December you turn it into one forever ... removing the "12" with a "*"

A:
The server is in MST standard time... I want the script.php to run from 6:00 AM IST to 7:00 PM IST.

Ok, so...

*

*06:00 IST is 17:30 MST (previous day)

*19:00 IST is 06:30 MST (same day)

This presents two problems

*

*It crosses the midnight boundary, and

*The 30 min part of the offset makes it very difficult to create a repeating 15 minute pattern that starts / stops at the right time.

The easy option is to ask your hosting provider to configure your server's timezone or try and use the CRON_TZ environment variable if available (probably not with Godaddy).
CRON_TZ=Asia/Kolkata

*/15 6-18 * * * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

Otherwise, you're left with something (ugly) like this
# 5.30pm and 5.45pm
30,45 17 * * * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

# Every 15 minutes from midnight till 6am and from 6pm till midnight
*/15 0-5,18-23 * * * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

# 6am and 6.15am
0,15 6 * * * /usr/local/bin/php -q /home/ddruva/public_html/site_data/script.php

With this approach, you're probably going to run into issues when your server changes between standard and daylight savings time and to be honest, I don't really have an answer for that.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Channel Tunnel Rail Link Act 1996
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6(1)Where any remains are removed under this Schedule, the nominated undertaker shall, within two months of the removal, provide the Registrar General with a certificate which—
(a)identifies the remains, so far as practicable,
(b)states the date on which, and the place from which, the remains were removed, and
(c)states the date and place of reinterment or cremation.
(2)Where any monument is removed under this Schedule, the nominated undertaker shall, within two months of the removal—
(a)deposit with the local authority in whose area the monument was situated prior to the removal a record which—
(i)identifies the monument,
(ii)gives any inscription on it,
(iii)states the date on which and the place from which it was removed, and
(iv)states the place, if any, to which it was moved or how it was disposed of,
(b)provide the Registrar General with a copy of the record deposited under paragraph (a) above.
(3)The nominated undertaker may require any person who removes remains or a monument under this Schedule to provide it with any information about the remains or monument removed which it needs to comply with sub-paragraph (1) or (2) above.
(4)In sub-paragraph (2)(a) above, "local authority" means a district or London borough council or the Common Council of the City of London.
PrintThis Cross Heading only
PDF This Cross Heading only
Web page This Cross Heading only
You have chosen to open Schedules only
The Schedules you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download. You may also experience some issues with your browser, such as an alert box that a script is taking a long time to run.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Marriage Is Hard
by: Lisa Miller 10/08/09
Billy Graham had a rule. He was a powerful man, away from his wife and children more often than he was with them. Aware of the significance of his reputation and convinced of the moral value of the Gospel message, he took precautions to guard against his own human weakness. He gave his ministry colleagues explicit instructions: never leave me alone in a room with a woman who is not my wife.
If only someone had given John Ensign similar advice. Or if someone did, that he'd heeded it. The Ensign story continues to reverberate not because of its delicious best-friend's-girl plotline (for who among us is surprised anymore that politicians sleep around?), but because he said he stood for something else. He is a "family values" Republican who voted for the impeachment of Bill Clinton and in 2004 lent his support to a constitutional amendment defining marriage, saying, "Marriage is an extremely important institution in this country, and protecting it is, in my mind, worth the extraordinary step of amending our Constitution." To which the obvious retort is: but not the ordinary step of protecting your wife and children from public humiliation? Ensign has become the latest example of what so many see as the failure of the right to retain any credibility on the marriage question.
No one denies that conservative Christians have a marriage problem, a dizzying gap between their articulated ideals and their success in achieving them. According to the Pew Forum, evangelicals are more likely to be divorced than Roman Catholics, Mormons, the Eastern Orthodox, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, and atheists. Of course, every person who utters "till death do us part" and then separates is, in a sense, conceding defeat. But when evangelicals are leading the charge in the marriage movement (and now, the anti-gay-marriage movement) arguing that sacred unions between one man and one woman are good for society because they're good for children, one would hope that they'd have worked out the kinks a little better than the rest of us.
A new generation of leaders is trying to reclaim the high ground by asserting publicly what everyone who has ever been married knows: marriage is hard. It wasn't so long ago that the failure of a Christian marriage was regarded as shameful. Divorced women, in particular, were ostracized or shunned. As a result, marriage vows were carried like a Christian duty; problems were kept hidden. Christian men of the Greatest Generation were "more regimented" when it came to marriage, says Jim Daly, the president since 2005 of Focus on the Family. "You do this out of duty. You respect authority and institutions."
Daly, himself the son of a single mother, is trying to soften the conservative rhetoric on marriage while maintaining its critical social importance. At a press conference in February, he said he found Barack Obama's family life exemplary, a comment for which he has "taken a lot of grief." But success in marriage depends on telling the truth about it, says Daly. "There's got to be a better understanding on the right that people fail. It's one of the challenges we face: the church tries to project perfection. Even after a conversion, you still have to deal with temptation." Rick Warren, the evangelical pastor of Saddleback Church, is similarly gritty on the subject of marriage; he and his wife, Kay, admit, publicly and often, that their first two years of wedded bliss were anything but. "At first," Warren told me in a long-ago interview, "opposites attract. Then opposites attack." Gary Chapman, who is the Christian world's Dr. Phil, has just published a revised version of The Marriage You've Always Wanted. Studded with Scripture, the book talks turkey about premarital sex, STDs, cohabitation, money troubles, working mothers, and in-laws. No perfect picture here: Chapman just asks couples to try to love each other more.
Last week the Institute for American Values, together with the National Center on African American Marriages and Parenting, released its Marriage Index, an algorithm based on five different measures. It found, not surprisingly, that the health of marriage in America is on the decline. "It's so important that we practice what we preach," says Linda Malone-Colon, director of the NCAAMP. "It's as true with Christians as it is with other religious groups. They don't live by what they're talking about." Billy Graham, though politically astute, was rarely self-serving. He knew how to protect his children from his chaotic life—and he did.
Find this article at http://www.newsweek.com/id/216915


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Home > News > February 2014 > Preschoolers in Limerick recycle more than their weight in Batteries!
Preschoolers in Limerick recycle more than their weight in Batteries!
An education based battery recycling campaign aimed at preschool children run jointly by European Recycling Platform (ERP) and Early Childhood Ireland is today rewarding a small preschool in Limerick for collecting the most number of batteries for recycling.
Children at the Caroline O'Dowd Montessori Preschool in Crecora in Limerick collected a whopping 385kg of used batteries, equating to the weight of 200,000 AA batteries.* With just 11 children in attendance, the winners collected more than their own weight in batteries at 32.9kg* per child, an amazing achievement for the young recyclers. They win an ERP Recycling Party, complete with magic and puppet show, balloon modelling and face paint, as well as a trophy and a voucher to the value of €250.
This campaign is part of an on-going commitment from ERP and Early Childhood Ireland to put recycling and sustainability at the heart of the preschool curriculum. According to the organisers, it has achieved great support in its first year and has gone a long way towards educating a younger audience to recycle through fun and engaging activities, as well as encouraging the 90% of preschools that had never before recycled to do so.
Minister for Children & Youth Affairs, Frances Fitzgerald stated: "I wish to commend Early Childhood Ireland and ERP on this superb initiative which recognises that efforts to encourage recycling and positive behaviour can be assisted by starting with the early years. I also wish to congratulate the children and staff of the Caroline O'Dowd Montessori Preschool in Limerick on collecting the most number of batteries for recycling."
Irene Gunning CEO of Early Childhood Ireland said: "I want to add our praise and congratulations to the children, parents and staff of Caroline O'Dowd Montessori Preschool who really embraced this programme and made it happen. This campaign blends so well with the green, environmentally friendly nature of the Irish preschool curriculum and it is important to share the success story from Limerick to encourage others to jump onboard. This is a fun, simple and effective recycling campaign, where the children take centre stage and build real understanding and skills for their future education and career paths which hopefully will remain very green."
Speaking about the campaign, Yvonne Holmes, Head of Corporate Communications, ERP, said, "We are very pleased with the response we have had to the preschool battery recycling initiative, the first of its kind launched in Ireland. One of the key objectives of ERP is to drive awareness and promote positive behavioural change and what a better time to start than at preschool! I would like to congratulate all those that took part and in particular, our winners in Limerick. It is great to see children from a young age learning about the important activity of recycling and diverting so many batteries from landfill."
For more information, please log on to www.earlychildhoodireland.ie/ERP.
*Based on the weight of an AA battery per full time student


text:
At-Large Position #1
Vashaundra Edwards is a self-determined individual with a passion for helping the people in her community. Vashaundra is a native of Missouri City; attending Edgar Glover Elementary, Lake Olympia Middle School, and Thurgood Marshall High School. During her high school years, she completed countless hours of community services and always demonstrated herself as a steward of the community. Vashaundra attended the University of Houston-Downtown where she received her bachelor's degree in Criminal Justice and minor in Political Science.
As a lifelong resident of Missouri City, Vashaundra is accustomed to serving the needs of the people. She is a true public servant and enjoys meeting the needs of the people. Working as an officer of the community she is already familiar with mentoring the youth and empathizing with those that are not as fortunate as others. She is an experienced problem solver and understands the importance of implementing strategies to create the best solution. Her goal as a City Council Member is to apply this approach to finding answers to the problems Missouri City has faced for years.
Growing up in Missouri City, Vashaundra has always witnessed the lack of representation to the East side and the poor economic development to the overall city. Her goal is to provide equal representation to all areas of Missouri City and to unify the entire community. Vashaundra has provided community service to at-risk youth in surrounding areas in Fort Bend County and Harris County. She is passionately committed to fighting for equality for all citizens of Missouri City and improving community involvement, transparency of government, and servant leadership.
Vashaundra was elected as the City Council At-Large Position #1 member on November 6, 2018 and sworn into office on November 19, 2018.
Current City Council Committee Memberships
Finances and Services Committee
Planning, Development, and Infrastructure Committee
Ordinances, Resolutions, Elections, and Council Governance Review
Council Connection for Jan. 6
Council Connection for Dec. 16
Council Connection for Dec. 2
Council Connection for Nov. 18
Council Connection for Nov. 4
Council Connection for Oct. 21
Council Connection for Oct. 7
Council Connection for Sept. 16
Council Connection for Sept. 3
Council Connection for Aug. 19
Council Connection for Aug. 5
Council Connection for July 15
Council Connection for July 1
Council Connection for June 17
Council Connection for June 3
Council Connection for May 20
Council Connection for May 6
Council Connection for April 15
Council Connection for April 1
Council Connection for March 18
Council Connection for March 4
Council Connection for Feb. 18
Council Connection for Feb. 4
Council Connection for Jan. 22
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day - City Offices Closed
Black History Month Kickoff Celebration
Content of Character Series BHM Conference
Mon, Feb 3 - Fri, Feb 7
Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) TCOLE 1850
Thu, Feb 6
Parks Board Meeting
STAAR Test Prep by Sharp Minds Academy
Other Council Members
Yolanda Ford
Councilmember
Chris Preston
Cheryl Sterling
Jeffrey L. Boney
Anthony Maroulis
Floyd Emery


text:
Which of following wine regions in New Zealand is located on the North Island?
A. Marlborough
B. Waipara
C. Wairarapa
D. Waitaki
Wairarapa, which includes the Martinborough region, is on the southern end of the North Island. Pinot noirs from here are noteworthy. In recent years, Ata Rangi, Martinborough Vineyard, Dry River, Schubert Wines, Craggy Range, and others have produced remarkable pinot noirs with international reputations. All of the other three regions are located on the South Island.
House? Grower? Co-op?
Percentage drop in Greece's wine production in 2022 versus the year before. Although numerous countries in Europe reported lower wine production in 2022, Greece's production fell the most. Among the reasons, according to the Greek… Continue reading
Blood from a Stone—A Memoir of How Wine Brought Me Back from the Dead January 20, 2023
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Preterm infants are born during the most crucial phase of brain development, meant to occur in utero in preparation for birth at term. Instead, with preterm birth, this complex developmental process occurs in a hospital setting that is far different from the expected environment in utero.
In this presentation I will talk about the many challenges the Newborn Intensive Care setting presents to normal brain development, and will suggest design strategies that provide a better environment for preterm infants. In particular, we will develop the case for encouraging family participation in the care of the preterm infant, and especially for prolonged and intimate maternal-infant interaction. Even the needs of the caregivers for an appropriate environment cannot be forgotten, so I will address these concepts and concerns as well, in an attempt to present a design strategy (utilizing the single family room concept) that meets the needs of the babies, families, and caregivers.
Robert White, MD is head of the Newborn ICU at Memorial Hospital, South Bend Indiana, USA.
Presentation at the Conference Child-Centred Care = Family-Centred Care, organised by Kind en Ziekenhuis , the Dutch member association of EACH.


text:
Sales/
YOUR SAY: Will new financial advice rules restore trust in advisers?
Tiffany Hutton
29 April 2011 — 1 minute read
The Federal Government has announced a new package of measures it hopes will restore public confidence in financial advisers. Do you think the measures make sense?
The Federal Government yesterday (April 28th) released further details of the Future of Financial Advice reforms (FOFA II), which Assistant Treasurer and Minister for Financial Services and Superannuation, Bill Shorten, described as being "designed to provide further protections for consumers of financial advice and to restore trust in the system".
Trust has certainly been lacking.
Currently, just 20% of Australians seek financial advice, which Shorten describes as 'a concern', and the high profile collapses of providers like Storm and others hasn't exactly inspired faith.
Clearly, reform is overdue.
So, what do the proposed reforms look like? Key elements are:
A requirement for financial advisers to get clients to 'opt-in' every two years if they wish to continue to receive ongoing advice;
Banning all commissions on risk insurance inside superannuation; and
A broad ban on volume-based payments.
These don't sound like particularly controversial measures, but the response has been mixed.
Financial planners are worried that the changes could increase the cost of financial planning for consumers, as they pass on their own increased costs.
According to the Association of Financial Advisers, the cost of the 'opt-in' measure as calculated by Treasury will 'effectively add around $100,000 to the running costs of an 'average' advisory practice'.
Shorten's spin is that the reforms "can in fact be a growth strategy for the financial planning industry."
That is, if people's faith in the profession is strengthened, more people are likely to seek advice.
I wonder if this will be the case, and how long it will take for trust to be restored.
I'm also curious about the assumption that we want more people to get financial advice — does it really make a significant positive difference to people's financial situation?
Of course, the proposed reforms have also been a bit of a political football.
Shorten's official release included this dig at the previous Federal Government:
"The Coalition's Financial Services Reform Act in 2001 failed miserably to actually do any good for consumers, because, unlike the Gillard Government, they didn't make the tough decisions on issues like banning commissions and volume rebates."
In turn, Shadow Financial Services Minister Mathias Cormann had little good to say about the proposals, asserting that those who receive financial advice will face more red tape, increased costs and reduced choice if Labor's proposals pass in full.
"Banning commissions on risk insurance will increase costs for consumers, remove choice and leave many people worse off — particularly small business people who self-manage their super," Mr Cormann said.
What do you think? Let us know in the Disqus comments field below.
Vodafone, Optus customers set for refunds
Business identities stolen in Facebook scam
BP moves into food deliveries with new brand
Group buying for ads
Prove your business is the best
Last Updated: 26 October 2017 Published: 29 April 2011


text:
A festive trade: The Christmas tree explained
The holiday cheer isn't spreading to Twitter shareholders.
The social media giant fell 3 percent Monday to its second-lowest intraday level ever as continued concerns over the company's slowing user growth has investors hitting the sell button. For those looking to profit from the stock's decline, one trader outlined a very festive options strategy.
On CNBC's "Options Action" Friday, Michael Khouw explained a rather unusual trade structure called a put Christmas tree. In this strategy, a trader will buy a put, sell a lower strike put and then sell another low strike put all of the same expiration. Options traders typically assess the payout structure by using a graph comparing the stock price to profit or loss. On such a chart this particular trade looks like a Christmas tree.
The trade Khouw suggested for Twitter was the March 22/20/18 put Christmas tree for zero cost. In this trade, Khouw is willing to get long the stock if it falls as low as $18, but he sees profits if the stock is anywhere from $16 to $22 by March expiration. That's nearly 30 percent lower than its current price of around $22.50.
Read MoreOptions Action 101: How options really work
For Khouw, there are three key things one must consider when implementing this type of structure, "A Christmas tree is a trade that you want to do when volatility is fairly high," said Khouw. "It's also a trade you would typically employ if you don't have a tremendous conviction on the direction of a stock," he added. "It's also a trade you might do if you are willing to buy the stock at a much lower level than where it is trading or potentially sell it at a much higher one."
"Volatility is exceptionally high in Twitter, and it would be very hard to catch the falling knife," the co-founder of Optimize Advisors said. Twitter shares have fallen more than 37 percent in 2015.
According to Khouw, if the stock were to fall as low as $16 it would put a $9 billion valuation on the company, excluding the $1.9 billion they have in cash. "I have to think that at single billion dollar valuations Twitter starts looking attractive — maybe to a buyer or an activist," Khouw added. "This remains a really unique social media property
["source -cncb"]
A festive trade: The Christmas tree explained 2016-01-12


text:
Why is Usted sometimes abbreviated as Vd. instead of Ud.? Is there any difference in usage between the two?
Asked 10 years, 1 month ago
I've noticed that the word Usted can be abbreviated at least 2 ways, the most common of which being Ud. and Vd. to my knowledge. I see how Ud. makes perfect sense, but why is a V used instead of a U in Vd. and Vds. ? Is one of the abbreviations more common in certain areas? I understand I should probably be consistent in which one I use in any given piece of writing, but is the choice of which one entirely up to my own personal preference?
selección-de-palabras ortografía pronombres abreviaturas deletreo
hippietrail
Gordon GustafsonGordon Gustafson
See Etymology of "usted"
– Jaime Soto
It's one of those things, like using español or castellano for the name of the language, in which you'll be wrong whichever you pick.
– Peter Taylor
Usted is a descendant of medieval Spanish Vuestra Merced, meaning "your mercy". It was an expression used to address upper classes in feudal Spain and evolved to be the general form of respectful address in the language in the seventeenth century or later.
The letters "u" and "v" — like the letters "i" and "j" — were written the same in Latin. The choice of consonant or vowel form was usually inferred by experience and context. Modern "v" (link) and "u" diverged by the sixteenth century, after "vuestra merced" was in place and only shortly before "usted" became popular.
As a result, the "Vd." and "Ud." abbreviations both remained common and still are today. "Vd." has a certain old-timey style I personally enjoy.
DGaleano
BrianBrian
So there is a difference in when each should be used, it just varies by region. Thanks! :D
The terms "Castilian" and "Castellano" are actually even fuzzier than that. They can be considered to refer to the local idiom in Castile. They are also used almost exclusively some countries including Argentina where you practically never hear people call their language español but they don't speak much like people from Castile or Spain...
"Castellano" describes Spanish contrasted with Portugese, Catalan, Arabic, and Aragonese, the most common tongues in Iberia before dictators Fred and Isabel got hitched, united Spain, and started the Inquisition 1469. "Cristiano" describes Spanish in contrast to Arabic. "Mexica" describes the Nahuatl language spoken by Aztecs that originates in Utah and New Mexico and has 5 million+ speakers in Mexico; it is unrelated to Spanish. Most Mexicans do like Spanish culture and most Americans do like English culture. Mexicans use both "Ud." and "Vd." "Vd." never follows "nosotros" in conjugation.
Colombia is a region in which both declined to phrase, Vuestra Mersed that says Sumersed
– AlejoNext
"Usted" comes from the ancient Spanish word "vusted". The latter term is no longer used but its abbreviation "Vd" sometimes is. It's up to you which one to use.
Which itself derives from "vuestra merced", I believe. :)
– Noldorin
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged selección-de-palabras ortografía pronombres abreviaturas deletreo or ask your own question.
What is the etymology of the pronoun "usted"? What formal pronouns existed before?
What is the difference between: "aquel" and "aquél"
How do I know whether to attach a direct object pronoun to the infinitive?
"ir a «infinitive»" vs. future tense
Is there any subtle difference between the two forms of the imperfect subjuntive?
What is the difference between allí and ahí ("there")?
Convention for group-recited, gender-specific, self-referencing pronouns
What's the difference between rezar and orar? Are there any other ways to say 'to pray'?
Is there a difference between "claro" and "por supuesto"?
Knowing whether to spell a word -ía or -ia
Yet another "gustar" question: Direct vs Indirect Objects


The author (Kathrin Sättele) herewith expressly states that there was no illegal content on the connected/linked sites referred to on this website at the time the links were published. The author also declares that she has no influence whatsoever on the current and future design and content of the linked websites. This is why she explicitly disassociates herself from any content of any connected/linked website that has been altered after the links were published. This statement refers to all the links and references to be found on this website as well as to entries made by third parties in guest books, chat rooms, discussion forums and mailing lists created by the author. Solely the provider of a linked website and not the provider of the links to the websites containing illegal, inaccurate or incomplete content is responsible and liable for their content and in particular for any damages incurred from the use or non-use of any information thus provided.


Police arresting students at Columbia, April 29, 1968. I'm pretty sure this shot is inside Low Library, in the corridor outside the President's suite. Notice the students with hands up to protect their heads. The head-bonking steps and gauntlet with the whacking flashlights awaits to the right. (Later I was told that this photo was taken on the steps of Avery Hall, but the ambience is about the same as in the Low corridor.) Photo: Life Magazine , 10 May 1968.
Your excellent photograph was not taken on the steps of Avery Hall as I and a then unknown to me colleague (Russian literature) were the only two on the 3 steps leading to the chained door when the police ordered us (bull horns) to leave, which I did not do, and consequently, I was badly beaten (several cracked ribs) and carted off a waiting police ambulance and taken to Knickerbocker Hospital.
When the students locked Avery, I went to a hastily called faculty meeting by Lionel Trilling -- as I recall, in the Faculty Lounge (Law School?) It was at that meeting that I and other faculty volunteered to remain on campus, at our respective buildings, to "prevent" "conservative students" from breaking into the buildings to break the strike. That is how I remember it. But I don't remember the exact date. I believe it must have been Thursday, April 24, for I stood at that door continuously, for several days, and through one weekend. This partly accounts for my exhaustion when the police finally arrived. From the Avery steps we could see the lights in the Pres office, Low.


text:
\section{Introduction}

\subsection{The two principal difficulties of neutrino experiments}

A recent experiment\cite{gsi} describes an oscillation observed in
the decay of a radioactive ion before and during the emission of an unobserved
neutrino. This phenomenon offers a new and very interesting method for
determining neutrino masses and mixing angles\cite{gsikienle,gsifaber}.

\begin{enumerate}
\item Ordinary neutrino oscillation experiments are difficult because
\begin{itemize}
 \item The neutrino absorption cross section is tiny. The number of neutrino
 events actually used in ordinary experiments is many orders of magnitude smaller than the
 number events creating the neutrinos.
 \item The oscillation wave lengths are so large that it is difficult to
actually follow even one oscillation period in any experiment.
\end{itemize}
\item
This experiment opens up a new line for
dealing with these difficulties
\begin{itemize}
\item The oscillation is measured without detecting the neutrino.
Detection of every neutrino creation event
avoids the losses from the low neutrino absorption cross section.
   \item The long wave length problem is solved by having the
radioactive source move a long distance circulating around in a storage
ring.  The data if
correct show many oscillations in the same experiment.

\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}

 This paper considers the  basic quantum mechanics of the first difficulty and
shows in a toy model that it is possible in principle to observe and measure
neutrino oscillations by looking only at the radioactive source.
 The second difficulty warrants further investigation.

The theoretical analysis in this paper was motivated by discussions with  Paul
Kienle at a very early stage of the experiment in trying to understand whether
the effect was real or just an experimental error.

\subsection{The K-capture experiment}
The original version of this paper was written on the basis of private
information before the release of ref.\cite{gsi} and considered the decay of
a nucleus by emitting an electron into the atomic K-shell.

A similar anaysis can be applied to a K-capture experiment in which a
radioactive ion in an atom or ion decays by capturing an electron  from the
K-shell or other atomic shell and emits a monoenergetic  neutrino. Here there
are a number of initial states having different  degrees of ionization.
Interference can only occur between initial states  having the same degree  of
ionization. Otherwise the analysis is the same  as for the K-emission
experiment. However, we note that the paths in space  for a neutral atom are
not easily influenced by external electromagnetic  fields that can otherwise
influence the path or orbit in space taken by  the ion in the initial state.

The emitted electron-neutrino $\nu_e$ is now known to be a linear combination
of several neutrino mass eigenstates.  If the initial state has a definite
momentum and energy, the conservation of energy and momentum determines the
energy and momentum of the neutrino and therefore its mass. This is then a
``missing mass" experiment in which the mass of the neutrino is determined
without the observation of the neutrino. Interference between amplitudes from
different neutrino mass states cannot be observed in such a missing-mass
experiment.

At first it seems rather  peculiar that neutrino oscillations can be observed
in the state of a radioactive ion before its decay into an unobserved neutrino.
One wonders about causality and how the initial ion can know how it will decay.
But much discussion and thought revealed that the essential quantum mechanics
is a ``two-slit" or ``which-path" experiment\cite{leofest} in momentum space
which preserves causality  because no information about the final state is
available to the initial ion.

It is not a missing mass experiment because
the initial ion wave function is a wave packet containing a combination of
momenta which prevent it from being used in a missing mass experiment. Its
well-defined relative phases are determined by its localization in
space. These relative phases change with time in accordance with the relative
energy differences in the packet.

The weak decay transition then produces a final neutrino via any of its
momentum eigenstates. Since the same final state can be produced by any of the
momentum components in the initial wave function, the path in energy-momentum
space between the initial and final states is not known and the corresponding
amplitudes can be coherent and interfere.

The relative phases in the initial wave function are independent of the final
state, which is created only at the decay point. Thus there is no violation of
causality. No information about the final state exists before the decay.
Although time-dependent perturbation theory might suggest that a decay
amplitude can be present before the decay, the continued observation of the
initial ion before the decay rules out any influence of any final state
amplitude on the decay process. It is like the  ``Schroedinger cat" experiment
in which the door is always open so that there is a continuous measurement of
whether the cat is still alive.

\subsection{The quantum mechanics of realistic experiments}

In any realistic experiment the
Heisenberg uncertainty principle prevents the momentum of the initial state
from being known with sufficient precision to determine the neutrino mass.
The GSI experiment\cite{gsi} observed periods of modulation of the order of 7
seconds with ions traveling at 71\% of the velocity of light. The ions thus
travel a distance of $0.71\cdot 3 \cdot 10^5  \cdot 7 \approx 10^6$ kilometers
in a single period of oscillation. The uncertainty  in knowing the position  of
the experiment within the laboratory is tiny incomparison with this enormous
oscillation wave length.  Heisenberg then tells us that the momentum
uncertainty required to produce thes oscillations is equally tiny in comparison
to the momentum fluctuations required by confining the experiment within the
laboratory.
\beq{heisen}
\frac{\delta x}{\lambda_{osc}} \approx \frac{\delta p_{osc}}{\delta p_{loc}}
\ll 1
\end{equation}
where $\delta x$ denotes the uncertainty in the position of the experiment in
the laboratory, $\lambda_{osc}$ denotes the oscillation wave length,
$\delta p_{osc}$ denotes the momentum difference required for these oscillations
and $\delta p_{loc}$ the momentum difference in the initial state required by
its localization in the laboratory. Thus this is not a missing-mass experiment.

The momentum difference between the different neutrino mass states
is thus  much smaller than the momentum uncertainly required by Heisenberg from
knowing that the experiment takes place within the laboratory. The initial
state is a wave packet in momentum space containing the different momenta
required to produce decays to neutrino mass eigenstates with different masses.
The transition to the final $\nu_e$  state can therefore go via
different neutrino mass eigenstates with no record of which mass eigenstate
produced the final $\nu_e$. The contributions via different neutrino mass
eigenstates define different paths in momentum space which are not observed in
the experiment. The contributions to the final state amplitude via these
different paths are therefore coherent and interference between them can be
observed producing oscillations.

\subsection{Coherence and decoherence}

Understanding coherence and decoherence is crucial here.
All the relevant physics is in the initial state of the ion.
The amplitude at the decay point is the  coherent sum of the amplitudes from
all allowed paths in energy-momentum space.  But coherence between amplitudes
is not introduced by simple ignorance of which path was taken\cite{Kurt}.
Coherence results only from an uncertainty required by quantum mechanics.
Most nuclear and
particle theorists are unfamiliar with investigations on coherence and
decoherence in condensed matter and mesoscopic physics\cite{ADY,pwhichfin}.
In neutrino oscillation experiments the answer is clear. The
neutrino is detected, time is not measured and the detector has a momentum
uncertainty. The relevant neutrino states are those of the same energy and
different momentum. These are the only pairs of states where coherence can
be preserved.

This experiment\cite{gsi} is completely different.  Time is measured and a time
dependence is the crucial new ingredient in the experiment. However, the
preparation of the initial state is complicated and considerable thought has to
be devoted to some questions raised in the paper\cite{gsi}. A radioactive
ion is trapped in a storage ring with a circumference of 108.3 m and a
revolution frequency of about 2 MHz.  Time oscillations in the radioactive
decay by emission of an unobserved neutrino are observed with a period of about
10 seconds. How could coherence be preserved over the time span of some ten
seconds? What is the effect of the continuous monitoring of the state of the
ion?

Condensed matter theorists have examined coherence and decoherence in many
contexts.  There are also the concepts of ``preselection" and ``postselection"
introduced and extensively explored by Yakir Aharonov and collaborators.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the basic quantum mechanics in a toy
model where the initial radioactive ion is moves in a straight line and oscillations are
observed as a function of time. This toy model is highly unrealistic.  A
precise analysis of the real experiment enabling the determination of neutrino
mass differences from the observed oscillation periods in a storage ring is
left for further investigation. It is much more complicated than this toy
model.

The toy model provides some insight into how the coherence is preserved and
the effect of continuous monitoring. In the model the initial state is a  wave
packet of plane waves which is moving in space and time. But plane waves have a
constant amplitude over all space and have an equal probability of being behind
the moon as in the laboratory where the state is created. The relative phases
of the individual plane wave components must be adjusted so that there is no
probability of finding the particle outside the laboratory at this time. The
center of mass momentum of the packet can change appreciably in the
preparation and cooling of the state. But these interactions cannot suddenly
create a probability that the ion has jumped to behind the moon. The limits on
the size of the wave packet in space preserve the relative phase of neighboring
components with the tiny difference in momenta relevant to the observed
oscillations.

\section{The quantum mechanics of oscillation experiments}

\subsection{No coherence in a missing mass experiment}

A radioactive ion that decays by K-capture emits a neutrino which is a
linear combination
of neutrino mass eigenstates. If the energy and momentum of the initial
ion and also the recoil momentum of the final ion are known
the energy and momentum of the emitted neutrino are
determined and therefore its mass. This would suggest that there can be
no coherence nor oscillations between the neutrino states.

To see that this argument misses the exciting observable physics
from the beta-decay experiment we examine the analogous case of the
emission of an electron and a neutrino in the decay of a pion at
rest.\cite{leofest,pnow98}

When a pion decays at rest $\pi \rightarrow e \nu$ the energies
$E_e,E_\nu$
and momenta  $\vec p_e, \vec p_\nu$ of the electron and neutrino
can all
be known. This is then just a ``Missing Mass" experiment. The neutrino mass $M_\nu$ is
uniquely determined by $M_{\nu}^2 = (M_{\pi} - E_e)^2 - p_e^2$. So
how
can there be coherence and interference between states of different mass? We
are guided to the resolution  of this paradox by experience in condensed matter
physics discussing which amplitudes are coherent in quantum
mechanics\cite{ADY,Leo,Kayser}.

\subsection{Why it is not a missing mass experiment}

The original Lederman-Schwartz-Steinberger experiment found that the neutrinos
emitted in a $\pi-\mu$ decay produced only muons and no electrons. Experiments
now show that at least two neutrino mass eigenstates are emitted in $\pi-\mu$
decay and that at least one of them can produce an  electron in a neutrino
detector. The experimentally observed absence of electrons can be explained
only if the electron amplitudes received at the detector from different
neutrino  mass eigenstates are coherent and exactly cancel. This implies  that
sufficient information was not available to determine the  neutrino mass from
energy and momentum conservation. A missing mass experiment was not  performed.

Coherence or interference between different neutrino mass eigenstates
cannot be observed in a ``missing mass" experiment where the mass of an
unobserved neutrino is uniquely determined by other measurements and
momentum and energy conservation.

The resolution of these  contradictions is just simple quantum mechanics.  In
any experiment which can detect neutrino oscillations, the position of  the
source must be known with an error much smaller than the wave length  of the
oscillation to be observed. The quantum mechanical uncertainty  principle
therefore forces coherence between neutrino mass eigenstates  having the same
energy and different momenta. Stodolsky's theorem\cite{Leo}  states that in
an experiment which does not explicitly measure time the quantum mechanical
density matrix for the system is diagonal in energy and there can be
interference between states of different energy and no explicit time dependence
in a correct theoretical description. The location in space already says it
all.

\section{The K-capture experiment in a toy model}

\subsection{The basic theory}

The experiment describes the decay of a radioactive ion into another
radioactive ion by K-capture and the emission of a neutrino. Since there are
two different neutrino mass states, the decay has two neighboring channels for
decay. The standard theoretical description here is a linear combination of two
Breit-Wigner amplitudes. In a conventional experiment in which the momentum and
energy of the initial ion is known, the momentum and energy of the recoil ion
can be measured, the neutrino mass is determined and there can be no
oscillations.

We have seen that in pion decay the localization of the pion in space produces
an uncertainty in momentum that prevents a determination of the neutrino mass.
The absence of a time measurement requires\cite{Leo} that only states of the
same energy can be coherent.

In the K-capture experiment\cite{gsi}
the localization of the experiment in the laboratory also produces
quantum momentum fluctuations. But many other factors
are very different and much more complicated:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Time is measured and interference between states of
different energies can be observed.
\item The initial state is a single-particle state with a well defined mass.
There is therefore an uncertainty in energy required by the energy-momentum
relation for a particle with a definite mass. The broadening of the mass value
by the small decay width is neglected here.
\item Oscillations are observed in the initial state, not the final state, as a
result of the time dependence of relative phases in the initial wave function.
The experiment is a ``which-path experiment" because which particular momentum
eigenstate in the initial wave function produced the neutrino is not known.
\item The final neutrino is not observed. It is known to have been created as
an electron neutrino which is a well-defined linear combination of two or three
mass eigenstates. Further measurements on the final neutrino cannot affect the
oscillations.
\item The initial state is moving in a circular orbit in a magnetic field.
The kinematics may not be simple because the vector potential of the magnetic
field complicates the definition of momentum and momentum conservation and can
also introduce Aharonov-Bohm phases normally neglected.
\item Lorentz transformations to bring the momentum of the initial ion to an
approximate rest system are not simple because the direction of the Lorentz
tranformation must change with the motion of the ion around the ring.
\end{enumerate}

In this paper the crucial question of which amplitudes are coherent is
considered in the framework
of a toy model.

\subsection{The K-capture experiment as a ``Two-slit" experiment}

This model
demonstrates that oscillations can occur and shows how an
analysis of a realistic  experiment requires a detailed investigation of what
can be measured, what  can not and where coherence can occur. The relation
between the observed interference pattern and the neutrino masses is determined
by which terms are coherent.  The kinematics of the toy model is examined by
noting the following conditions for coherence.

\begin{enumerate}

\item The initial state is a wave packet where Heisenberg prevents the
measurement of its energy and momentum.

\item The final neutrino is a coherent combination of two neutrino mass states.

\item The toy model used here assumes that momentum and energy of the final
recoil ion is observable, whether it
is measured or not. Therefore states with different recoil momentum and energy
cannot be coherent.

\item An open remaining question is the possible energy
non-conservation in times short compared to the time necessary to resolve the
two neutrino energy states. In this case the final state has an entangled
wave function with two components having different recoil energies and different
neutrino masses. This possibility is outside the framework of our present toy
model but must be seriously considered for realistic cases.

\end{enumerate}

The crucial ingredient is the inability to know the momentum
of the initial state because we know where it is and Heisenberg tells us
that this requires an uncertainty in its momentum.

The initial and final states of this experiment are well defined. The
initial state is a radioactive ion in a wave packet which is confined
to definite region of configuration space and therefore has a momentum
spread. The final state is a recoiling atom and the $\nu_e$
linear combination of the neutrino mass eigenstates produced
when an electron disappears in the weak interaction. The location in space
of the initial and final states is well defined within normal experimental
errors.
We now have a direct analog to the two-slit or which-path experiment.
Here the transition can go via any of the neutrino mass eigenstates.
These define different paths between the initial and final states.

The initial state is a wave packet with neither a sharp momentum nor a
sharp energy. The waves on the two paths thus overlap in momentum and
energy.
Coherence can be observed only if we do not know which paths contributed
to the transition.

This requires that  the two paths have the have the the same recoil momentum
and energy, which are  observable in the final state.  The neutrino mass
eigenstates have  therefore different momenta which Heisenberg tells us must
be  unobservable. Since momentum is conserved in the transition, the  different
paths require different momenta for the radioactive ion in the  initial state.
The momentum spread in the initial wave functis  sufficient in practical
experiments to suppress all information on  ``which path" in momentum space was
taken in the transition.

     The final $\nu_e$ state is a linear combination of mass
eigenstates with different energies and different momenta and a well defined
phase. During the time interval between the creation of the initial state and
its decay the relative phases between the energy eigenstate components of  the
initial wave function change linearly with the time. Thus the  probability that
the decay will take place to the final $\nu_e$ oscillates with
time. The period of the oscillation depends upon  the momentum and energy
differences which in turn depend upon the mass  differences between the mass
eigenstates.

      The experimental observation of these oscillations provides a new
experimental method to obtain information about the neutrino mass differences
and the mixing angles of the neutrino mass matrix.

\subsection{The kinematics of the transition}

Both energy and momenta are conserved for each component of the wave  packet
which has a momentum $\vec P$ and energy $E$ in the initial state.  The final
state has a recoil ion with momentum denoted by $\vec P_R$ and  energy $E_R$
and a neutrino with mass $m$, energy $E_\nu$ and momentum  $\vec p_\nu$.  The
energy release in the transition at rest, $M-M_R$ is denoted by $Q$. The
conservation laws then require

\beq{epcons} E_R= E - E_\nu;  ~ ~ \vec P_R = \vec P - \vec p_\nu ; ~ ~
M^2 + m^2 - M_R^2 = Q \cdot [2M-Q] + m^2 =2EE_\nu - 2\vec P\cdot\vec p_\nu
\end{equation}

We neglect transverse momenta and set
$\vec P\cdot\vec p_\nu \approx P p_\nu$ where $P$ and $p_\nu$ denote the
components of the momenta in the direction of the incident beam.
Then
\beq{pnu}
 Q \cdot [2M-Q] + m^2 = 2E(E_\nu -p_\nu) + 2(E-P)p_\nu
= \frac{2 E m^2}{E_\nu+p_\nu}+ 2(E-P)p_\nu
\end{equation}
This can be rearranged for further application to give
\beq{pnuenu}
 \frac {p_\nu}{P} - \frac {E_\nu}{E}=
\frac {p_\nu (E - P) + (p_\nu - E_\nu) P}{PE}=
\frac {Q \cdot [2M-Q] + m^2}{2PE}-
\frac{m^2}{E_\nu+p_\nu}\cdot\left[\frac{1}{P}+ \frac{1}{E}\right]\ll 1
\end{equation}

We are interested in the changes in the kinematic variables
$\delta p_\nu$, $\delta P$, $\delta E_\nu$ and $\delta E$ produced by a small
change $\Delta (m^2)$ in the squared neutrino mass:

\beq{delm2}
\frac{\Delta (m^2)}{2} =E(\delta E_\nu) + (\delta E)E_\nu
 - P (\delta p_\nu) - (\delta P) p_\nu
 \end{equation}

We assume that the interference occurs between two neutrino states with the same
energy and different momenta and that there is no change in the recoil momentum.

\beq{sameng}
\delta E_\nu =0; ~ ~ ~ \delta p_\nu = \delta P = \frac{E}{P}\cdot \delta E
; ~ ~ ~ \frac{\delta p_\nu}{\delta E} = \frac{\delta P}{\delta E } =\frac{E}{P}
\end{equation}

Combining eqs.(\ref{pnuenu}),
(\ref{delm2}) and
(\ref{sameng}) then gives

\beq{delm2pot}
\frac{\Delta (m^2)}{2\delta E}
=E_\nu - P \frac{\delta p_\nu}{\delta E} - p_\nu\frac{\delta P}{\delta E } =
 - E
 \cdot \left[1 +
\left \{\frac {p_\nu}{P} - \frac {E_\nu}{E}\right\}\right] \approx  - E
 \end{equation}

The phase difference at a time t between states produced by the neutrino
mass difference on the motion of the initial ion in the laboratory frame with
velocity $V=(P/E)$ is
\beq{delphipotalt}
\delta \phi \approx -\delta E\cdot t
\approx  - \frac{\Delta (m^2)}{2E}\cdot t
= - \frac{\Delta (m^2)}{2\gamma M}\cdot t
\end{equation}
where $\gamma$ denotes the Lorentz factor $E/M$.
The period for $\delta \phi = - 2\pi$ is
\beq{periodalt}
\delta t \approx
\frac{4 \pi \gamma M}{\Delta (m^2)}
\end{equation}

In ref.\cite{gsikienle} the period of modulation obtained was given as
\beq{periodirk}
\delta t_{IRK} = \frac{8 \pi \gamma M_R}{\Delta (m^2)}
\end{equation}

The ratio of these two values is

\beq{periodrath}
\frac{\delta t}{\delta t_{IRK}} \approx
\frac{M}{2M_R}\approx \frac{1}{2}
\end{equation}

Neither of these two values should be taken seriously because of essential
features neglected in the simple models.
Furthermore, the initial ion is not free but is constrained by electromagnetic
forces confining it to an orbit in a  storage ring. These forces introduce
potential energies which may be important in the kinematics. They
also complicate any Lorentz transformation from a ``rest system" to the
laboratory system. Simple attempts to include such effects have so far been
unsatisfactory and are not considered here. A full calculation may be necessary
including these confining forces.

One interesting feature of these two estimates is that they are within an order
of magnitude of the result obtained from neutrino experiments. This requires the
period to have a scale defined by the ratio of the mass of the ion to the
difference between the squared masses of the two neutrino states. Other
derivations and attempts to ``correct" unjustified approximations destroy this
scaling by introducing the very different energy scale of the neutrino energy.

The question arises of a possible additional phase proportional to the
distance along the path.
If we consider the motion along a straight line path,
The total relative phase between waves differing by a momentum
$\delta P$
for traversing a distance $X$ with velocity $V$ is
\beq{delphipotalt2}
\delta \phi_{str} \approx \delta P\cdot X - \delta E\cdot t
\approx
\left[\frac {E}{P} \cdot V - 1\right]
\delta E\cdot t =0
\end{equation}

But if the motion is in a circular orbit in a magnetic field with a  frequency
independent of the momentum there is no additional phase  accumulated in the
motion around the ring and eqs(\ref{periodalt}) and (\ref{periodrath}) apply.
The question of the phase difference between states of different momenta along
the two slightly different paths in a storage ring can thus play a crucial role
here and depends upon the experimental  conditions.

\section{Conclusions}

A new oscillation  phenomenon providing information about neutrino mixing is
obtained by following the initial radioactive ion  before and during the decay.
The difficulties introduced in conventional neutrino experiments by the tiny
neutrino absorption cross sections and the very long oscillaton wave lengths
are avoided here. Measuring the decay time enables every neutrino event to be
observed and counted without the necessity of observing the neutrino via the
tiny absorption cross section. The confinement of the initial ion in a storage
ring enables long wave lengths to be measured within the laboratory.

Coherence between amplitudes produced by the weak decay of a radioactive  ion
by the emission of  neutrinos with different masses has been shown to follow
from the localization of the initial radioactive ion within a space
interval much  smaller than the oscillation wave length.  This coherence is
observable in following the motion of the initial radioactive ion from its
entry into the apparatus to its decay. The amplitude  for  production of a
$\nu_e$ from several mass eigenstates depends upon the relative
phases of the contributions from components in the inital wave function having
different energies and momenta. These relative phases increase linearly with
time and produce oscillations.

Observing the period of these oscillations
gives information about the neutrino mass differences and the mixing angles of
the neutrino mass matrix. Reliable detailed values for the relation between the
observed oscillation period and neutrino mass differences are not obtained in
the crude models so far considered.   At this point the fact that the values
obtained (\ref{periodalt}) and (\ref{periodirk}) are within an order of
magnitude of consistency with values obtained\cite{gsikienle} from neutrino
oscillation experiments is encouraging.

\section{Acknowledgement}

It is a pleasure to thank Paul Kienle for calling my attention to this problem
at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics at Kyoto  University, where
this work was initiated during the YKIS2006 on ``New  Frontiers on QCD".
Discussions on possible experiments with Fritz Bosch, Walter Henning, Yuri
Litvinov and Andrei Ivanov are also gratefully acknowledged along with a
critical review of the present manuscript. The author also acknowledges further
discussions on neutrino oscillations as ``which path" experiments with  Eyal
Buks, Maury Goodman,  Yuval Grossman, Moty Heiblum, Yoseph Imry, Boris Kayser,
Lev Okun, Gilad Perez, David Sprinzak, Ady Stern, Leo  Stodolsky and Lincoln
Wolfenstein,

\catcode`\@=11
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\ifpreprintsty \vskip 10ex
\hbox to\hsize{\hss \large \refname \hss }\else
\vskip 24pt \hrule width\hsize \relax \vskip 1.6cm \fi \list
{\@biblabel {\arabic {enumiv}}}
{\labelwidth \WidestRefLabelThusFar \labelsep 4pt \leftmargin \labelwidth
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\parsep 4pt\relax \else \parsep 0pt\relax \fi \itemsep \parsep \usecounter
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
How to go from Lima airport to Miraflores?
Jorge Chávez International Airport is the main route of entry for foreign tourists to the territory of Peru. The airport is located about 16 kilometers from Miraflores. This district offers the largest offer of tourist hotels, so most visitors decide to stay there. Learn how to get there, how much it costs and how to get to other parts of the city of Lima as well.
Jorge Chávez Airport in Lima
How to go from the Lima airport to the Miraflores district?
How to go from the airport to other districts of Lima?
Tips and more information
Jorge Chávez International Airport is located on Avenida Elmer Faucett s/n, in the province of El Callao.
The airport is 16 kilometers from the Miraflores district, the most touristy of Lima. If city traffic is taken into account, the trip can take 1 hour. Most tourists seek to reach this district as most of the city's hotels and tourist lodgings are located there.
This is how you get to Miraflores from the airport:
By taxi – The way more tourists come to Miraflores from the airport is through an 'official' taxi that operates inside the Jorge Chávez airport. Another option is to go out to the main avenue Elmer Faucett from where you can take any taxi. The cost of the service to Miraflores varies from 30 to 60 Peruvian soles.
By taxi by application – In Lima there are taxi services by applications such as Uber, Beat or Cabify. The good thing is that the tourist can know in advance the cost of the service and the duration of the trip. The downside is that it requires a good internet connection. Although they are safe services, there are few cases of theft in taxis by applications. The cost of the service to Miraflores varies from 25 to 50 Peruvian soles.
By public transport – Although it is not the most recommended option, it is possible to travel by public transport from the airport to Miraflores. For this you can take the buses of the companies ' Holding Express' or 'Aquarius Express' that circulate in Elmer Faucett avenue (in front of the main gate of the airport). The bus ticket costs 3 Peruvian soles on average. In case you carry a lot of luggage or valuables with you, it is definitely not the best option.
On the official airport bus – Lima airport has an official bus service called 'Airport Express' that covers the route' Airport – Miraflores – San Isidro '. The buses are spacious. They have space for luggage, capacity for 40 seats as well as free Wi-Fi, informational TV and security. The cost of the service is 8 dollars per person (about 30 soles approximately). You can buy the ticket online or at the airport. Buses leave every 30 minutes from the front door.
In a private vehicle – If you have a private vehicle, things are simpler. The trip to Miraflores should only follow the route: Elmer Faucett avenue, La Marina avenue, Javier Prado Oeste avenue and Arequipa avenue. Of course, keep in mind that the cost of parking inside the airport is 7 Peruvian soles per hour or fraction.
The prices for transportation from Lima airport to Miraflores are as follows:
From the airport to Miraflores
Price in dollars (USD)
Price in soles (S /.)
In taxi 13 USD 45 S/.
By taxi by application 11 USD 38 S/.
By public transport 1 USD 3 S/.
By official airport bus 8 USD 30 S/.
By private vehicle 2 USD* 7 S/.*
* Price per hour of vehicular parking or fraction at the airport.
Lima has other tourist districts such as San Isidro, Barranco, Cercado de Lima and Surco:
From the airport to San Isidro – A taxi service can cost 60 Peruvian soles. The journey is 15 kilometers (1 hour of travel on average depending on traffic). You can also hire the 'official airport bus' service (for 38 Peruvian soles).
From the airport to Barranco – A taxi service can cost you 70 Peruvian soles. The journey is 20 kilometers (1 hour of travel on average depending on traffic).
From the airport to Cercado de Lima – A taxi service can cost 50 Peruvian soles. The journey is only 10 kilometers (1 hour of travel on average due to the high traffic of the place).
From the airport to Surco – A taxi service can cost you 70 Peruvian soles. The journey is 31 kilometers (1 hour of travel on average depending on traffic).
To go from the Jorge Chávez airport to another district of Lima, the Southern Cone, Northern Cone or Eastern Lima, a good idea is to take a taxi (or private transport) that runs along the corridor of the 'Yellow Line' (tunnel of 1.8 kilometers built under the Rímac River). The cost of the toll to circulate on this fast road is approximately 6 Peruvian soles.
You do not know which taxi offers a safe service and which taxi does not. So a good option is to take one of the official taxi companies that are inside the airport. These are the companies 'Taxi 365' or 'Taxi Directo'. The prices of the trip to Miraflores may be a little more expensive than normal but they are safe services.
Miraflores is a tourist destination with a diversity of hotels and good quality restaurants. Don't you know where your hotel is located? The most touristic spots are Larcomar, La Paz Avenue and José Pardo Street. In the vicinity of these avenues are the most tourist hotels of the place. The 'official airport bus' service makes a stop at these sites.
During your visit to Miraflores you cannot miss la huaca Pucllana, one of the best preserved archaeological sites in Lima. You can also visit the Larcomar shopping center that offers a modern infrastructure and beautiful views in front of the sea. This district of Lima is one of the safest in the city.
By Machupicchu Terra – Last updated, August 9, 2021
The 10 most visited tourist attractions in Lima
All the tourists who will visit Peru come to Lima. The reason is its international airport that makes the 'City of Kings' a must-see. Many visitors decide to stay a couple of days or weeks in the city. Others prefer to travel to Cusco or other departments as quickly as possible. In this article, you will learn about 10 tourist attractions that will encourage you to get to know Lima better, whether you are a foreign tourist or a national tourist.
Where to eat in Lima? Top 10 Restaurants
Peruvian cuisine is one of the best on the planet. The city of Lima is home to some of the best restaurants in the country. There you can try the best of Peruvian, Japanese, marine, barbecue, contemporary and fusion food. Here are some of the best restaurants in the city, their address, specialties and more information.


text:
WATCH: Kid President Meets President Obama : The Two-Way The adorable 9-year-old became an Internet star with a video urging the world to be more awesome. So far, his "pep talk" video has garnered 18 million views on YouTube.
The Two-Way
WATCH: Kid President Meets President Obama
April 4, 20136:21 PM ET
Eyder Peralta
Here is some distraction from the serious news of the day. It's a video of Kid President — yes, he of the viral "pep-talk" video — on a visit to the Oval Office. His tour guide is none other than President Obama:
Our favorite part, we must admit, is when he gets on the Oval Office phone and Obama, thinking better of it, says, "Let's make sure not to cause an international incident."
Robby Novak, 9, became an Internet sensation, with an adorable video in which he urges the world to be more awesome. NPR's Gene Demby wrote about it at the time. So far, the video has been watched almost 18 million times.
Novak was in Washington for the White House's Easter Egg Roll.
(The White House, by the way, also used Kid President in an April Fools video.)


guide to using. The best photo product on Earth. Technology, advertisement, google, photos backups are an absolute life-saver when migrating to another device or if you need to free up storage on your phone. Jamie Johnson, charlie Beaman, charlie Beaman, maggie Rose. Collage, photo book, create, create new, album, shared album, movie, animation. If you need higher resolution, Google gives you 15 gigs of space to start with and you can buy more very inexpensively. Buy more storage On your Android phone or tablet, open the Google Photos app. Things to keep in mind about this setting: Changing backup settings will affect all apps that use Back up sync, such. Options if you run out of storage If you back up in Original quality, your photos will automatically stop backing. Weve all got valuable pictures, videos, contacts, and documents on our phones and computers, but many of us dont have a backup plan in case something backup happens. Collage, photo book, select photos. Annoying, yes, but its a foolproof plan. Menu, then, settings, then, back up and sync, which you can tap to turn on or off. Select which folders youd like to continuously back up to Google Photos. Sometimes your photos stored in the cloud are visible on your device, but not technically stored on them. Learn how to update your Photos app. Mike Emmett, mike Emmett, sam Brady. Related articles Download your photos and videos to your device. On a Mac, you have to nudge it in the right direction: simply select the folder where how your photos are stored. Sign in to your Google Account.
With iOS, keep, photos, photos is a great application in its own right. Google, follow the instructions above, as such, collections. Sign in with the Google Account youll be using for Google Photos. Google, even more from, using, google s definition quel sport est fait pour moi test of high resolution is 16megapixel images and 1080p videos if you upload higher resolutions.
A backup service: Your photos and videos will save to your, google Photos library.Privately stored: Photos and videos backed up from your device are private unless you share them.Syncing: Any changes you make will be mirrored on every synced device.
Photos app on your iPhone or the desktop app on your Mac. S still waiting to back, check your Google Photos storage, shared album. S camera and photos marocaine saved on your phone to your. Sign in to your, account, youapos, thats where. Caveat alert, yet more reams of unnecessary snaps and videos. Or if itapos, and other options to save your content. If you dont want to wait for WiFi gaucher to back up your photos. Album, photos steps in, googleDrive, under" at the top. What is back up sync, if you have Back up sync. Select the option Back up photos and videos.
Photos, more, shopping, finance, docs, books, blogger.Add or select your payment method.
For example, if you edit and save a photo on your phone, it will look the same on photos.Learn more about buying storage.
The Verge, google, photos is your new essential picture app.If youre like me, and fancy yourself a bit of an Annie Leibovitz for the smartphone generation, youll be well acquainted with the pain of exhausting your phone/laptop/tablet storage with legions of photos.Back up while roaming: Under "When to back up tap Roaming.
© 2019 - bumble app - direct chat site.


Spyce specialises in Indian fast food, serving a range of dishes including Beverages, Starters, Tandoori dishes, Indian dishes, Balti dishes, Traditional curries, Vegetable dishes, Vegetable sides, Rice, Bread, Sundries, English dishes, Set meals, and Meal deals.
So, welcome to Spyce now serving Indian and other takeaway meal combinations. At Spyce you are certain to find the perfect dish for not only yourself but for your family and friends.
Taj Mahal specialises in Indian fast food, serving a wide selection of dishes.
Shaan Tandoori Takeaway specialises in Indian takeaway meals, serving a range of dishes.
So, welcome to Shaan Tandoori Takeaway now serving Indian and other takeaway meal combinations. At Shaan Tandoori Takeaway you are certain to find the perfect dish for not only yourself but for your family and friends.
Belash Tandoori Restaurant and Takeaway specialises in Indian takeaways, serving a selection of dishes.
So, welcome to Belash Tandoori Restaurant and Takeaway now serving Indian and other takeaway meal combinations. At Belash Tandoori Restaurant and Takeaway you are certain to find the perfect dish for not only yourself but for your family and friends.
"Indian Takeaways in Ammanford Takeaway The Easy Way"


If you've been living in your home for a while, you might be tired of the same scenery day in and day out. If you want to change up your surroundings, you don't have to move. Remodeling your house can give you the solution you need. Here are four tips to help you remodel your home: 1. Invest in landscaping. The area around your house makes a big difference to your home's overall appearance.
Is your house not looking as good as it used to when you bought it? If so, you might be considering a new paint job for the house's exterior, but painting a house exterior is easier said than done. Even if you have previous experience painting a room inside your house, you'll likely find that exterior painting can be much more involved. Here are three reasons why it might be best to hire a professional exterior painting company such as DBO Company.
When you're frustrated with the appearance of your laundry room, it's a smart idea to look into what kinds of updates you can make with the right choice of paint. Instead of getting just any project done in the laundry or expecting to pay a lot of money on new appliances, you should look into the difference that paint can make in the laundry room. Instead of rushing into getting the laundry room updated through painting, consider the following tips for using paint to make the best improvement at home.
At the end of the day, most people want to head to their master bedroom and bathroom to relax and unwind. While beautiful furniture and décor will make the space relaxing and appealing, your master bedroom walls will also require an update. Painting your walls is an easy way to turn an ordinary master bedroom into a relaxing retreat. Of course, choosing the right color for your walls can be a bit challenging.
Exterior Painting: Should You Spray It?
When painting the exterior of a residence, the first thing you need to ask is how you are going to get paint onto the walls. Should you use paint brushes, rollers, and extension poles? Or, should you use a spray gun system? The thing is, most people have some sort of experience with brushes and rollers. They are very easy to use. On the other hand, spray guns might seems complicated and inconvenient for many.
Remodeling your kitchen should include a balance of including the features that you want, while also trying to stick to a budget that you've set in advance. You get carried away and end up spending too much money when remodeling the kitchen without a clear budget, making it so important for you to look into projects that can be affordable and make a big impact. If you're currently searching for ways to make an improvement in the kitchen while on a budget, it's a good idea to look into including painting.


With all the pressures coming from outside and within retail organizations, retail C-level execs expect that the herd will thin considerably in the next five years, according to research conducted by ZK Research. The demise of some of those businesses might end up having little to do with the pricing and product strategies that have buoyed retailers for decades; instead, it might all come down to technology and the customer experience—things retailers have shied away from.
In this report, ZK Research explores the challenge with legacy WANs and how software-defined wide area networking (SD-WAN) enables retailers to undertake digital transformation. We also share what to look for in an SD-WAN service provider. Finally, we share some recommendations on how retailers should proceed.


Primarily for courses examining development issues.
This book traces and analyses the recent evolution in thinking about the development of aboriginal people's communities. Since 1969, aboriginal people have set three goals for the future -- economic self-reliance, self-government, and cultural autonomy. Examples discussed in this book illustrate the central issues in economic, political and cultural development, how aboriginal people view those issues, and how they have set about solving development problems. An overview of aboriginal people's initiatives to take charge of their communities is presented which in turn fuels a forecast of how aboriginal communities will develop in the future.