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Home News General News Trump Freezes Venezuelan Government's Assets
Trump Freezes Venezuelan Government's Assets
Washington has frozen the assets of the Venezuelan government due to the "continued usurpation of power" by President Nicolas Maduro, according to an executive order issued by President Donald Trump.
The sanctions, which came into effect on Monday, represent a significant escalation of U.S. attempts to force Maduro, who won a second term in a disputed election last year, from office.
The U.S. has already used sanctions to target Venezuelan government officials, the central bank and its state-run oil and gas sector, from which the country derives the vast majority of its export earnings.
The Venezuelan economy has collapsed under Maduro, with inflation reaching 130,060 per cent last year and shortages of food and medicines driving millions of people abroad.
The leader of the opposition-controlled National Assembly, Juan Guaido, declared himself interim president in January but despite immediately winning the support of dozens of countries has failed to dislodge Maduro.
On Monday Trump accused Maduro's government of "human rights abuses, arbitrary arrest and detention of Venezuelan citizens, curtailment of free press, and ongoing attempts to undermine Interim President Juan Guaido of Venezuela and the democratically-elected Venezuelan National Assembly."
The announcement came a day ahead of the International Conference for Democracy in Venezuela in the Peruvian capital Lima, a meeting of representatives from than 50 countries seeking to find a peaceful solution to the crisis in Venezuela.
Trump's hawkish National Security Advisor John Bolton is to represent the U.S. at the meeting.
In a tweet published around the same time as the executive order, Bolton said he was looking forward to a "productive day".
(DPA/NAN)
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Police Arrest Kidnapper Who Mistakenly Board A Bus Belonging To His Victim
Legacy - November 30, 2020 0
It was an unfortunate day for a Kidnapper who mistakenly board a commercial bus belonging to one of his victims in Sokoto state. The Kidnapper...


I would choose the Alien Invasion one!
November 14, 2009 is Young Readers Day. Because reading is fundamental it is very important to make reading fun and allowthe young readers see us reading as well. Reading opens many doors that otherwise may not have been open. Books can be mysterious, funny, real life or just simple. Young readers will normally find what they like and spend time lost inside the pages of the book. Young Readers day was co-founded in 1989 by Pizza Hut and the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress.
Christmas time is nearing we are looking forward to getting together with our girlfriends and may even be looking for the perfect present to give them. I can tell by first hand knowledge how fun games for dames can be. Please read the previous review that I posted on my blog for the Games for Dames game What's A Dame To Do here I can tell you that if you are looking for a wonderful game that will start conversations that may not have started, have old friends talking for hours and just make the night with great friends great then you are looking for the game What's A Dame To Do.
What's A Dame To DO allows us to see outside the box we live in and allows us to see that we are more alike than what we think. Those daily dilemmas that we go through every day and the way that we deal with the situation can be so funny when you share those thoughts together as friends. What's A Dame To Do is a game that allows us to see what we face daily is what others face as well.
Win: the lovely ladies from What's A Dame To DO want to offer one of Annie's Home readers the chance to win a game of their own.
To Enter: To enter share one of your "oops moments" you know one of those moments when something unexpected happens and you are just not sure what to do how do you handle such situations?
What's for dinner? No idea? Don't even want to think about it? Well, head over to the giveaway that Angie at 5 Vinez Monkeys is having featuring Relish! - a way-cool meal-planning service for busy moms. You can win a one-year subscription and not have to wonder what's for dinner! This is a fantastic giveaway that you won't want to miss. Stop by before 11:59pm ET on December 1st and enter to win!
There are a couple of great giveaways currently on Simply Stacies blog.
Either of these would make super christmas gifts. so hurry on over and enter to win.
Happy Green Bee has a great sale going on at this time but will end super soon on Sunday the 15th of November. Hurry over and check out Happy Green Bee and the 50% off inventory reduction sale Use the promotion sale BIG SALE to take advantage of this great savings.
The winner of the Yoplait yogurt prize pack is Kayshem.
For chutney: In a heavy small saucepan, stir together cranberries or cranberry sauce, apple juice, figs, sugar, rosemary, salt, and pepper. Bring to boiling; reduce heat. Simmer, uncovered, for 5 to 8 minutes or until chutney reaches desired consistency, stirring occasionally. Set aside.
Meanwhile, trim fat from pork. Cut pork crosswise into 12 pieces, each about 1 inch thick. Press each piece with the palm of your hand to an even thickness. Sprinkle herb seasoning evenly over pork. Coat an unheated large nonstick skillet with nonstick cooking spray. Preheat over medium-high heat. Cook pork in hot skillet for 2 to 3 minutes or until pork is slightly pink in center and juices run clear, turning once halfway through cooking time.
Serve pork medallions over hot cooked rice, if desired. Spoon some of the warm chutney over pork. Pass remaining chutney.
This is a fall meal that pleases my family and I found on the Hearth Healthy Website quick to fix and sure to please.
One of my favorite shows this summer/beginning of fall was the wonderful Shark Tank where wonderful rich investors were there ready to help out those who were brave enough to enter the shark tank and test the waters to see if their invention/product held up to the sharks enough for them to invest. One of the great products that cam out of this was the Pork Barrel BBQ and here is a clip from that show.
The wonderful Pork Barrel BBQ was a hit at our house and we truly loved the flavor packed in the bottle of sauce and the seasoning. If you have a barbq fan on your Christmas list this would be the perfect gift for them. Not only is Pork Barrell BBQ sauce great tasting but it is also very economical. For only $10 you can get the picnic pack of Pork Barrel BBQ sauce which includes a bottle of the BBQ sauce and a jar of the rub.
Pork Barrel BBQ was created by two US senate staffers who while working late dreamed of good BBQ. While listened to hours of debates on pork barrel spending the name of the barbq sauce and spice was born. These two staffers would create wonderful products that carried the name Pork Barrel BBQ. This national award winning Pork Barrel BBQ sauce and spice rub are great on meats, fish, poultry and vegetables that are being grilled, smoked or barbecued. The best part is that this All American tasting product has no preservatives or MSG.
Clean turkey and pat dry with a paper towel. Rub olive oil onto the turkey and then rub Pork Barrel BBQ All American Spice Rub into the turkey (make sure you get rub on the entire turkey). Let turkey set for 30 minutes while you get your smoker ready.
Light your fire and get the smoker ready to cook. Place a drip pan under the location the turkey will sit on your grill and pour the beer into it. Once your smoker reaches a temperature range of 225 to 240 degrees place the turkey in your smoker breast side up. Once the turkey is in the smoker load your smoker up with a 70/30 combination of hickory and oak.
Cooking time will vary on the size of your bird, but plan on 30-45 minutes per pound. Make certain that your smoker remains in the 225-240 degree range for the duration of smoking. After the fourth hour there is no need to add additional wood unless that is your temperature source. We recommend using hardwood lump charcoal.
The turkey is done when its internal temperature reaches 165 degrees. Let the turkey rest for 15 minutes and then carve.
The blog Tasty Eats at Home is hosting a special meme known as Holiday Food Fest. This will run weekly on Thursdays through November and December. Please visit to see what wonderful recipes are shared as well as to add your own. This weeks addition is for what you will serve for thanksgiving or a favorite fall dish. The recipe I share covers both well and is one of my hubbys favorite recipes.
Combine vegetables, mayonnaise and soup; place in casserole dish and top with mixture of butter and Worcestershire sauce. Cover with cracker crumbs and bake at 350 degrees for 45 minutes.
We have made these cookies following the Pillsbury recipe shown above or our own sugar cookie dough. Even the youngest can help and it is always lots of fun.
October was SIDS awareness month but all year long we should be aware of the signs and knowledgeable of SIDS. Halo SleepSacks is one product that wants to inform consumers about SIDS and the sleepsacks that help to prevent the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome known as SIDS.
HALO has placed several tips to keep your infant safe and help protect them on their website as well as their facebook page. Both the website and the facebook page offer tips for safe slip practices. Useful information for you to help protect and care for your infant is valuable resources.
We have used Halo SleepSacks with our lil princess and will continue to use them until she outgrows them. The reason being that they keep her warm and comfortable without the use of the needless loose blankets that get knocked off of her and may accidentally smother her. The Halo SleepSack that we have is very warm as if we are placing her inside of sleeping bag but without danger or it covering her face.
Enter giveaway by visiting the Halo SleepSack website and letting me know something that I did not share with you.
I did receive a sample Halo SleepSack. These are my thoughts you may or may not agree with me.
one of my favorite pictures of me and her momma and a picture of the state building in vandalia and me and princess visiting this past summer.
Book review: Danny the Dragon "Meets Jimmy"
Finding goods books to read for our little ones is a job of being a mommy that I take seriously. The book Danny The Dragon "Meets Jimmy" by Tina Turbin is a wonderful book in my opinion. The illustrations in this book are wonderful and helps young children imagine the story on a personal level. After all who would not want to have a cool best friend who travels every where with you? Danny the Dragon is that true friend that shares a journey with a young friend. Danny the Dragon is a second place finisher in the AZ literary contest and book award of 2009.
The author of the book Danny The Dragon "Meets Jimmy" is Tina Turbin. Tina is interested in actively issues relating to children, entertainment, families, mothers and women in society, the environment and is a mother as well. At the age of 16 Tina wrote her first book and since then the passion for writing children's books continues to grow. Tina has been surrounded by the arts for her entire life.
Tina created the character of Danny the Dragon because of her passion to delight children and their families with magic, fun and imagination in children of all stages. Tina's dream was to help the flame of life to burn as bright for older folks as it does for the young. What a wonderful thought and the reason that I love reading so much. Reading allows us to go where ever we want, meet who we want and to imagine as we please.
Danny The Dragon is available at Amazon.com for 8.95 for soft cover and would make the perfect gift for any little dreamer in your life.
The blog The Not SO blog is hosting giveaway for the dvd Wow Wow Wubbzy christmas adventure. THis looks like a very cool dvd and would provide for hours of fun. She has several ways to enter and the contest will run through November 29, 2009.
There's a Party on Her Blog! Head over to the giveaway that Angie at 5 Vinez Monkeys is having featuring Yo Gabba Gabba! You can win the new Music is... Awesome CD and the Christmas in Gabba Land book. You won't want to miss this giveaway! Stop by before 11:59pm ET on November 11th and enter to win!
Stonyfield Yo Baby turned 10 years old this last summer and the goodness is continuing on strong as ever. Yo Baby meals are delicious 3 in 1 combination meal packed full of protein and included a yogurt + fruit + veggie puree in one cup. They are a great way for busy moms to help give their babies and toddlers a trio of important food groups at every meal. YoBaby Meals help the busy mom to maintain a nutritional diet for their young child by providing more than 35% toddler's daily protein and calcium needs in one grab n go cup. What a super way to get your child to eat those veggies that they otherwise may not eat.
The makers of Yo Baby is Stonyfield Farm. Stonyfield Farm celebrated 26 years in business recently and leads the world in organic yogurt company. Stonyfield Farm distributes yogurt, smoothies, milk, cultured soy, frozen yogurt and ice cream nationally. Stonyfield Farms believes that healthy food can only come from a healthy planet. Using organic ingredients allows Stonyfields to help keep over 100,000 farm acres free of toxic, persistent pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Stonyfield has also taken measures to help reduce global warming and donates 10% of its profits to efforts that help protect and restore the earth.
To help celebrate Yo Baby and its 10 year milestone Stonyfield Yo Baby wants to offer one of Annie's Home readers the chance to win the prize pack shown below.
To enter the giveaway you must visit the Stonyfield Website and let me know something that I did not share in this review.
The holidays are quickly approaching and not all of us will find the time to make those scrumptious desserts that our family desires. The blog One2Try is hosting a giveaway for this delicious looking holiday cake from Bake Me a Wish.
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1.Heat oven to 425° F.
2.Spread the fries on a baking sheet. Bake until golden, about 25 minutes.
3.Meanwhile, cook the ground beef in a medium saucepan over medium-high heat, stirring occasionally, until no trace of pink remains, 8 to 10 minutes. Spoon off any excess fat. Add the marinara sauce and cook until warmed through.
4.Transfer to an 8-by-11-inch or 8-inch-square baking dish. Top with the fries. If desired, return to oven for 5 minutes to allow the flavors to meld.
For Homestyle Sausage Stuffing, add 1 lb. crumbled Italian turkey sausage and 10 oz. sliced mushrooms to skillet with vegetables.
For Homestyle Cranberry Stuffing, add 1/2 cup dried cranberries to broth while heating.
Pampering Becki is having an ornament exchange to help not only celebrate the holidays but to also help bring us mom bloggers closer together. Sounds like lots of fun. If you would like to join in the fun head over to the blog Pampering Becki and sign up. The deadline to sign up is November 12, 2009.
http://instoresnow.walmart.com/enhancedrendercontent_ektid76540.aspx to get your free sample.
You are friendly, caring, and warm. What goes on in your friends' lives matters to you.
You are an excellent listener, and you give good advice. Lots of people seek your input, and you're more than happy to give it.
You believe that social ties are important, and you never ignore a friend. You communicate as often as possible with those you love.
You always have words of encouragement, support, or follow up questions. You are gifted at keeping the conversation flowing.
I was so excited to review one of the best tasting, sweetest reviews I have ever posted on my blog. The We Take the Cake allowed us to choose which cake we would love to try and then sent the cake to my house. The cake arrived in a box just like any other product would but when I read the label on the box I knew we were in for a treat. The night that the package arrived we were in a hustle trying to get to where we needed to go so the cake which arrived frozen and wrapped nicely with dry ice to keep it chilled was popped into the freezer for just a few more days.
For a very long time my husband had been wanting a red velvet cake and at last his wish would be met. The We Take The Cake company had sent us a lovely red velvet cake that was scrumptiously delicious. The best part was that it had arrived at our house I did not have to looking at the delis or bakeries to see if they had one. That is one convenience that I love about the company We Take The Cake. It helps a busy mom out when a cake is needed for the special celebration or occasion.
We Take The Cake red velvet layer cake that we received to the many other delicious items that are available either online from We Take The Cake or in their shop are all delicious and pleasing to the eye and palate both.
The owner of WE Take The Cake was a customer herself who loved the concept and products so much that she bought the shop. To me that only goes to state how great We Take The Cake was.
Recently we received the opportunity to review Natures Gate hygiene products. The scent of these products we received were terrific and after learning a bit about the company came as no surprise. Thirty (30) years of experience of nature and health products they have created a reputation for creating terrific products that also are great for the earth. All of the Natures Gate products reflect ongoing efforts to preserve the earths natural resources by being environmentally friendly and cruelty free.
We received a few of the Natures Gate body washes to test and let me tell you they smell great and I love them all. In fact upon receiving I smelled the delicious aromas and knew at once that they would be great. I showered with the body wash and also loved the performance. It lathered up well and worked great.
1.In a saucepan, over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the ginger and cook, stirring, for 2 minutes. Add the sugar, orange juice, and cranberries.
2.Cook until the cranberries burst and the sauce thickens, about 15 minutes. Stir in the marmalade to taste (depending on desired sweetness). Turn off heat. Stir in the pepper and cilantro just before serving. Serve warm or at room temperature.
Do you remember any of your old time favorite candies? Well I can tell you that Necco's were not only one of my favorites but my husbands as well. The simple flavored wafer candy when given to my two nephews lit up their eyes as well.
The NECCO company itself is 150+ years old having its early start in 1847. NECCO which stands for the New England Confectionery Company is the oldest multi-line candy company in the U.S. Besides the NECCO wafers that I have all ready praised the company makes Sweethearts conversation hearts that we share during February and valentines day, The candy bars such as Mary Jane and Clark as well as other sweet treats.
While I received a sample box of the NECCO's you can find the wonderful NECCO candies most anywhere candies are sold however if for any reason your local store does not sell NECCO you can always request that they do.
Thanking God is a daily tradition in our house but their is a yearly tradition as well. Thanksgiving is the day to give thanks and while the dinner and festivities may not take long at all the planning, shopping, cooking and the work behind the scenes may go on for weeks. It is very beneficial to plan ahead because planning ahead allows you to prepare your self for the large Holiday. Today in Sunday School I asked the group of first graders what their family normally does for Thanksgiving. One little girl told me her mama does not cook well and so they go to eat with family on that day. A second child told me they have a tradition to go out and eat and a third child child was not for sure what they will be doing. Do you have plans for the holiday? Whether you are going somewhere, staying home or eating out the time for planning is now.
Do you want a fresh or frozen turkey?
Do you have enough space to store a frozen bird if purchased in advance; if not, when should you purchase a turkey?
What size bird do you need to buy?
Who all will be coming for dinner?
What side dishes will you prepare, can they be made ahead of time?
What desserts will be made, can they be prepared ahead of time?
will the guest be bringing dishes as well and if so who will bring what?
Don't let your self be worried over Thanksgiving day after all you don't want to let the turkey know what is happening just yet.
I had previously reviewed the wonderful PopATot and you can read this review here.
The PopATot is a lovely portable activity center that my granddaughter has been able to use since she was about six months old and still is very much in use. She loves her PopATot and so does her mother and nana (me). We love it because it is so easy to take any where we need to go. We can pack the PopATot up and take in the trunk of our car and so easy to store simply slide under the bed or in the broom closet. If you have foldable chairs that go into sacks then you will love the PopATot that is stored the same way.
Poptot in pink and leopard print perfect for your little princess.
Buy: you can purchase the PopATot directly off of the website for $54.99. What a wonderful gift for the special little one in your life. Free shipping is available at this time as well.
Win: One of Annie's Home readers will win the PopATot of their choice.
2.Melt the butter and chocolate in a pan over low heat.
3.Using a mixer, beat the eggs and sugar until pale yellow and fluffy. Lower speed and pour in the melted chocolate and vanilla. Mix in the flour and 1/4 teaspoon salt. Fold in the peanut butter cups.
4.Scrape into a buttered 9-by-13-inch baking dish. Bake until the tip of a knife comes out clean, about 35 minutes.
I learned the with make ahead meals you don't need to shop as often!
With fall coming in and the weather turning colder many more hours will be spent inside. So many of us will be on the lookout for fun ideas that are easy, safe and dont cost alot of money. Here is a quick idea for you. It is so fun to fingerpaint at any age and if that fingerpaint can be eaten it is less worry for mom. There are two simple ways to create edible fingerpaint (1) food color in vanilla pudding or (2) food coloring in vanilla yogurt or even better the tubes of yogurt that are all ready colored work great as well. This is just a simple tip but so much fun built into it. Have fun fingerpainting all those wonderful pictures.
I was diagnosed with diabetis nearly 4 years ago. I can tell you my earth felt like it was going to shatter that day. Maybe diabetis does not seem serious to many but to me it was very serious. My daddy passed away from diabetic complications and I knew how important it was to care for ourselves. So that is why I am alerting you to the National Diabetic Month.
The Princess and the Monkey alerted me to the site StopDiabetes.com starting Nov 2 to find out ways to join the Stop Diabetes movement.


SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Singapore-based MMI Technologies, a precision engineering company owned by US private equity firm KKR & Co LP, has started meeting with investors for an initial public offering worth between US$200 million (about S$269 million) and US$300 million, IFR reported.
The IPO is aimed for the second half of this year, and if successful will be the biggest in Singapore so far this year, the Wall Street Journal reported last month.
Book building will start in mid-June and the IPO will include the sale of primary and secondary shares, said IFR, a Thomson Reuters publication, citing a source close to the transaction.
KKR, which led a US$700 million private-equity buyout in 2007, owns about 70 per cent of the company through an investment vehicle, according MMI's website. MMI makes parts for hard disk drives and counts Seagate Technology as a key customer.
It was not immediately clear if KKR was selling its entire stake in the IPO or will retain a minority stake.
The company unsuccessfully attempted a US$500 million listing in 2011, according to IFR.
A KKR spokesman declined to comment on the IPO plans.
Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Credit Suisse and DBS Bank are the lead managers on the transaction.
Representatives for the banks declined to comment, while MMI could not be reached for comment.


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Russell Simmons, Jay Z Meet With Cuomo About Justice System
12.11.14 Rhett Jones
Hip-hop moguls came together on Wednesday to talk to Governor Andrew Cuomo about reforms needed in the wake of the death of Eric Garner at the hands of the NYPD. Jay Z and Russell Simmons came together at Cuomo's Manhattan office to talk about the specific changes that should be made to restore public confidence in the justice system. Common joined Simmons and Cuomo later, at a City Hall press conference.
Protests have rocked the city since a grand jury decision not to indict police officers for the wrongful death of Eric Garner, who was placed in a chokehold that violates NYPD policy. The hip-hop royalty pushed for reforms that in Simmons's words, would "promote the end of police protecting police and not prosecuting police."
Among the list of changes, they advocated for Cuomo "to order that special prosecutors, rather than local district attorneys, handle cases of alleged police brutality." Simmons claimed that Cuomo agreed, but a spokesman for the governor pulled back on that, saying they merely discussed a "range of options that could be included."
New York's own attorney general has also pushed to be given prosecutorial powers in cases of police violence against unarmed civilians.
It was no coincidence that on the same day that Simmons was meeting with City Hall, The Justice League, an advocate group that organizes protests convened as well. The Justice League has been perceived as a leaderless group that has been pivotal to the protests revolving around the Garner case. But the group has explicit ties to celebrities, including Harry Belafonte and Michael Skolnik, political director for none other than Simmons.
Supporters of The Justice League saw yesterday's meeting with the powers that be as a sign of protestors being taken seriously by a more progressive administration. In January, Mayor Bill de Blasio said, "We're going to take a very different view going forward about how we respect people's rights to express themselves."
It remains to be seen if tangible change will accompany the respect.
(Photo: DJ NAIM)
Posted in NewsTagged City Hall, COMMON, Cuomo, Eric Garner, Jay-Z, Protests, Russell Simmons
Today's PigeonSenator Chuck Schumer Flip-Flops On Torture

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Hero, Science
Lewis Latimer
Lewis Latimer is considered one of the ten most important Black inventors of all time, not only for the sheer number of inventions produced and patents secured but also for the degree of importance for his most famous discovery.
Latimer was born on September 4, 1848 in Chelsea, Massachusetts. His mother and father were Rebecca and George Latimer, both runaway slaves. On October 1842, George and Rebecca, who was pregnant at the time, ran away from their owner James Gray. The pair hid beneath the deck of a northbound ship that took them to Baltimore, Maryland and then traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and finally to Boston, Massachusetts. When James Gray found they were missing he offered a reward of $25.00 if Latimer was captured in Virginia and $50 plus expenses if he was captured outside Virginia. When George and Rebecca arrived in Boston, George was recognized by a a former employee of James Gray, who contacted Gray. A few weeks later, George was arrested, charged with larceny. Latimer was brought before Justice Joseph Story who ordered that he be held.
Members and friends of the Black community attempted a rescue attempt but that failed as did an attempt at filing a writ of replevin with a Massachusetts court. In reaction to Latimer's detention, the Massachusetts legislature passed the 1843 Personal Liberty Act, also known as the "Latimer Law," which prevented Massachusetts officials from assisting in the detention of suspected fugitive slaves and banned the use of state facilities to detain such suspects. In the meantime, abolitionists purchased George's freedom from Gray for $400.00. As a free man George worked as a paperhanger in Lynn, Massachusetts, but continued to work with abolitionist causes.
Lewis served in the United States Navy for the Union during the Civil War, assigned to the U.S.S. Massasoit gunboat and received an honorable discharge on July 3, 1865. After his discharge he searched for work throughout Boston and eventually obtained a position as an office boy with a patent law firm, Crosby and Gould, earning $3.00 each week. Lewis taught himself mechanical drawing, skillfully using the tools of the trade, such as T squares, triangles, compasses, and rulers, and he was able to master the art of drawing to scale. After noticing Latimer's ability to draw patent sketches, he was subsequently promoted to the role of head draftsman earning $20.00 a week. In addition to his newly found success, Latimer discovered additional enjoyment when he wedded Mary Wilson in November of 1873.
In 1874, along with W.C. Brown, Latimer co-invented an improvement of a train water closet (a bathroom compartment for trains). Two years later, Latimer would play a part in one of the world's most important inventions.
In 1876, Latimer was sought out as a draftsman by an instructor for hard of hearing children. The teacher had created a device and needed Lewis to draft the drawings necessary for a patent application. The instructor was Alexander Graham Bell and the product was the telephone. Working late into the evening, Latimer labored hard to complete the patent application, which was submitted on February 14, 1876, just hours prior to another application being handed in by Elisha Gray for a similar device.
In 1880, after relocating to Bridgeport, Connecticut, Latimer was employed as the assistant manager and draftsman for U.S. Electric Lighting Company owned by Hiram Maxim. Maxim was the chief competitor to Thomas Edison, the man who invented the electric light bulb. Edison's light had been composed of a glass bulb which surrounded a carbon wire filament, typically made of bamboo, paper or thread. When the filament was burned inside of the light bulb (which contained almost no air), it grew to be so hot that it literally glowed.
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Therefore, by passing electricity into the light bulb, Edison had been able to cause the glowing bright light to emanate within a room. Before this, the majority of lighting was provided either through candle lights or through gas lamps or even kerosene lanterns. Maxim drastically desired to improve on Edison's light bulb and focused on the main weakness of Edison's bulb – their brief life span (typically only a few days). Latimer set to make a longer lasting light bulb.
Latimer developed a way of encasing the filament within a cardboard envelope which prevented the carbon from breaking up and therefore provided a much longer life to the light bulb. This made the light bulbs less expensive and more efficient. This also made it possible for electric lighting to be installed within homes and all through the streets.
Latimer's capabilities in electric lighting became well known and soon he was sought after to continue to improve on incandescent lighting as well as arc lighting. Eventually, as more key cities began wiring their roadways for electric lighting, Latimer was sent to lead the planning team. He helped to install the first electric plants in Philadelphia, New York City and Montreal and oversaw the installation of lighting in railroad stations, government buildings and major thoroughfares in Canada, New England and London.
In 1890, Latimer, having been employed by Thomas Edison, began working in the legal department of Edison Electric Light Company, serving as the chief draftsman and patent specialist. In this capacity he drafted sketches and documents related to Edison patents, looked over plants in search of infringers of Edison's patents, carried out patent searches and testified in court proceedings on Edison's behalf. Later on, he authored the worlds most comprehensive book on electric lighting, "Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison System." Lewis was designated as one of the charter members of the "Edison Pioneers," a distinguished group of people considered responsible for developing the electrical industry. The Edison Electric Light Company would ultimately develop into what is now known as the General Electric Company.
Latimer continued to display his innovative abilities over subsequent years. In 1894 he created a safety elevator, a vast improvement on existing elevators. He next obtained a patent for a "Locking Racks for Hats, Coats, and Umbrellas." The device was used in restaurants, resorts and office buildings, keeping items safely and securely and permitting owners of items to keep them from becoming misplaced or unintentionally taken by other people. He next created an enhanced version of a Book Supporter, used to have books neatly arranged on book shelves.
Latimer next developed a method of making rooms more hygienic and climate controlled. He named his system an "Apparatus for Cooling and Disinfecting." The device did wonders in hospitals, preventing airborne dirt and dust particles from circulating inside of patient rooms and public areas.
Throughout the rest of his life, Latimer continued to try to develop ways of enhancing everyday living for the public, ultimately working on initiatives to improve the civil rights of Black citizens within the United States. He also painted portraits and wrote poetry and music for friends and family. Lewis Latimer died on December 11, 1928 and left behind a legacy of accomplishment and leadership for which much of the world owes a debt of gratitude.
Lewis Latimer – Black Inventor Online Museum: http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/lewis-latimer.html
Lewis Latimer (Wikipedia): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Howard_Latimer
Lewis Latimer – Smithsonian Institute: http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/ilives/latimer/latimer.html
Lewis Latimer – about.com: http://inventors.about.com/od/lstartinventors/a/Lewis_Latimer.htm
Search for more info about Lewis Latimer
November 25, 2011 /15 Comments/by Gaius Chamberlain
Tags: Inventor
https://www.greatblackheroes.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/lewislatimer011.jpg 300 630 Gaius Chamberlain https://www.greatblackheroes.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/gbh-logo152x65.png Gaius Chamberlain2011-11-25 18:29:032019-11-27 22:13:17Lewis Latimer
Percy Julian
Lloyd Hall
Charles Drew
Jan Matzeliger
Fred Jones
Elijah McCoy
perry h. harrold says:
I am a so-called educated black man, having attained a juris doctorate from the University of Ilinois. Mr. Latimer was born almost exactly 100 years before me. As remarkable as it is, I some how never knew of Mr. Lewis Latimer. What a remarkable individual! I am so glad news of his existence reached me in my lifetime. I in turn shall tell my children of this Great Black Man. His life will inspire them. This is only one
more example as to how are great heritage has never fully been revealed to us even though we are supposedly "educated".
Murlin says:
I have just found this website today and feel honoured to now have more information about our past and present Great Africans from all over the world who have made history, especially people like Lewis Latimer who have been hidden from us, finding out about him today has elevated me. I immediately emailed the website to all my family and friends to alert them, to empower and educate themselves and children with the knowledge of our historical and current greatness.
jacob camp says:
I am a 11yr ol dof very high intelligence but iam am intrigued by lewis latimers work and i hope one day i can make as big a tribute as he did
Rain LeBlanc says:
I have been researching Lewis Latimer and let me just say his legacy has not been recognized by many but he will forever live on in history.
Mayra mercado says:
Great scientist but currently Looking to read more about Latimer's poetry anyone knows more about him as a poet ? Writings on social injustice of his times?
Devon Harmon says:
This is a remarkably story of a man who was brought out of slavery to become a genius
johnc says:
I've known of this man for quite sometime now.. He is an inspirational and motivational black man.. Its sad that black inventors are hidden from text book.. Read research and re educate
Macy says:
This website is amazing! Helped so much on my biography on him thank you!
All though his life lewis was a ordanary man who made a difference he made a longer lasting light bulb and a safety elevator he was doing his job but ended up acheveing greatness.
csItelo says:
ukindnessm levitra ed astoppedd levitra prices
Tedi says:
He is a real genius, i didn't expect him to do that much and success in that time US. I only knew him about working with Thomas Edison.
flash says:
i am doing a project on him!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
he is cool
Matt Miller says:
Yes it's a myth that Edison invented the light bulb… that distinction goes to 2 Canadians from Toronto, who sold the patent to Edison.
New Podcast – Lewis Latimer says:
[…] You can listen to the podcast below or visit Lewis' profile at: greatblackheroes.com […]
009 Great Black Heroes – Lewis LatimerGreat Black Heroes | Great Black Heroes says:
[…] Lewis Latimer 1 comment(s) | 1566 view(s) […]
Fred Jones Jan Matzeliger


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Girls' Locker Room Talk
#notallwomen
Celebrity Feuds that Hurt More than a Breakup
Joanna Psaros
Friends or frenemies? Getty Images
There's no denying that the lives of our favourite film and tv stars are infinitely better than our own. Their jobs are cooler than ours, their hair and teeth are perpetually shiny, and their palatial inner-city apartments are enough to bring a millennial to tears.
Even their intimate relationships, of both the romantic and platonic variety, are richer and more fulfilling than our own; to the point that after half an hour of Friends re-runs we'd trade in our loved ones without a second thought for a shot at joining the gang of gorgeous twenty-somethings at Central Perk. But don't get too comfortable basking in Ross and Rachel's post-coital glow. Because behind these characters, are actors. And behind actors, are, often, assholes.
Sadly, for every passionate on-set love story or lifelong friendship forged between co-stars are a dozen tepid acquaintances never to speak again- right after filming that final sex scene. And while there's nothing so wholesome as seeing on-screen besties hanging out for-reals, it turns out that when it comes to masking total disdain, some of our favourite stars are far better actors than we thought. Stars such as…
Blake Lively and Anna Kendrick (and A Simple Favour)
Just like love, a simmering dislike is not always shouted from the rooftops. It makes itself clear in but a touch of the hands or a sidelong glance. And it was these subtle moments that convinced eagle-eyed fans of the pair's true feelings for one another. That is; that they couldn't bloody stand each other.
While on the media circuit promoting their 2018 thriller "A Simple Favour," Lively and Kendrick remained professional and did their best to recreate the sparkle and playfulness that defined their on-screen relationship. There was no sniping or bad-mouthing to be seen and the duo, if not quite pulling off the nauseating (but lovely) closeness of Lively's other co-stars, the Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants girls, appropriated the vibe of warm work colleagues at the very least.
But when Tik Tokker "Celebrity Memoir Book Club" intriguingly dropped posts that the co-stars were "not speaking" and "basically enemies" at the time filming wrapped, rumours snowballed, encouraged by the frosty body language apparent whenever Blake and Lively were together. And if you can't trust a Tik Tokker, who can you trust these days?
It's disheartening, not least because both Blake Lively and Anna Kendrick seem like the type of chicks we'd like to hang out with. Both young, sharp witted, and heart-achingly fashionable, we'll never know what (or who) caused the supposed rift. But if there's one upside, it makes the scenes where …
SPOILER****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Lively's character attempts to murder Kendrick's that bit more believable.
Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando (and A Countess from Hong Kong)
Marlon Brando, though admittedly on the flabby and eccentric side in his later years, was once Hollywood's ultimate leading man. The Leonardo DiCaprio of the 50's (with equivalent success with women), surely every leading lady was lining up to turn their on-screen romance into the real deal?
As Sophia Loren tells it, this was not quite so on set of 1967's A Countess from Hong Kong. The legendarily beautiful Italian actress claims that Brando "all of a sudden… put his hands on me."
No wallflower herself, Loren responded. "I turned in all tranquillity," she said, "and blew in his face, like a cat stroked the wrong way and said, 'Don't you ever dare to do that again. Never again!'"
Loren continued in these poetic terms to state; "As I pulverized him with my eyes, he seemed small, defenseless, almost a victim of his own notoriety."
Pulverized with her eyes! If that's not a take-down of Hollywood bro-culture, I don't know what is. Leonardo DiCaprio had better watch out.
Tommy Lee Jones and Jim Carrey (and Batman Forever)
It's not just on-screen romances that can fail to catch on in the real world. Bromances can be the victim of just as painful a fate- even without (usually) the sexual tension. No greater example can be found than that of Tommy Lee Jones and Jim Carrey on set of Joel Schumacher's 1995 superhero hit Batman Forever.
Batman Forever captured Schumacher's camp, fantastical world in which crime-fighters took down criminals unarmed, super-villains' outfits were as outlandish as their plots, and Jones didn't think that Carrey was a total fuckwit.
But surely rumours of the pair's feud are exaggerated? After all, who could fail to be won over by Carrey's- Carrey of the 90s'- madcap buffoonery? Jones apparently, who told his co-star in no uncertain terms "I cannot sanction your buffoonery." It should be said that Carrey is reportedly not the easiest to work with, so perhaps Jones' comment was warranted. After all, it's not as though he said he hated Carrey. Except that Carrey goes on to recount that in this same encounter, "…he said, 'I hate you. I really don't like you.'
Oh. There's not much room for ambiguity there.
If only!
Kim Cattrall and Sarah Jessica Parker (and Sex and the City)
Kim who? The actress behind the most, shall we say, 'confident' of the Sex and the City girls is so synonymous with her creation Samantha Jones she is almost eclipsed by her.
Our favourite guilty pleasure of the nineties and naughties (emphasis on naughty) wouldn't be nearly as much fun without the friendship between serial relationship analyst Carrie and serial shagger Samantha. And we couldn't help but wonder while replaying our SATC box sets, were these women the real soulmates, and their guys just people to have fun with?
Ah, no. there have been rumours of a bitter split in the SATC cast for years, with the main theory being that it started with supposedly disproportionate paychecks. (That is, Parker's inflated and Cattrall's less impressive.)
And despite Sarah Jessica Parker's protests to the contrary, Cattrall herself has done only fed such rumours with a series of salty comments. After the show wrapped in 2004, Kim Cattrall herself confessed "I felt after six years it was time for all of us to participate in the financial windfall of Sex and the City," Cattrall said. "When they didn't seem keen on that, I thought it was time to move on."
To add insult to injury, in a Marie Claire interview Cattrall dropped the ultimate passive-aggressive burn, shutting down any hopes that the SACT cast were half as close as their characters. "Are we the best of friends?" Cattrall asked. "No. We're professional actresses."
As pondered in The Cut's "Your Comprehensive Guide to the Kim Cattrall Sarah Jessica Parker Beef";
"Was Cattrall the "difficult" one, constantly torpedoing plans for future SATC outings with her salary demands? Or was SJP simply playing the part of the "nice girl" while fostering a toxic culture that excluded Cattrall and painted her as a diva in the press?."
Either way, this one hurts. SATC is one of the few rom-coms that focus on female relationships and relegate male love interests to supporting characters. And Carrie, Miranda, Charlotte and Samantha are one of tv's iconic girl gangs. After all, who hasn't allocated each of the four characters to members of their own friendship groups? (I'm a total Miranda by the way.)
To sum it up, for fans of the show this one really does hurt more than a heartbreak. With the exception of Carrie's Season heartbreak over Big in the first spin-off film. That guy really sucks.
Girls' Locker Room Talk: art, articles and entertainment by women, for women (and everyone else)
Girls' Locker Room Talk, Blog at WordPress.com.


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kelly osbourne
Beyonce Just Dropped $312,000 On A Pair Of Shoes
Hello Wednesday! Let's see what's buzzing on the world wide web!
Eep! Kelly Osbourne put her foot in her mouth big time while on The View, which has now ballooned into her issuing an…
Kelly Osbourne Starts Clothing Line, Explains Head Tattoo, Plus Which Piece To Get NOW!
Kelly Osbourne has made a name for herself in the fashion world and now she's ready to capitalize on it, big time.
"Stories… by Kelly Osbourne" is the rock heiress' new clothing line. The…
The Crazy Fashion Evolution Of Kelly Osbourne
Happy 30th Birthday Kelly Osbourne! Take a look in her amazing evolution throughout the years in the gallery below! Kelly Osbourne has been in the public eye since 2002 when her family brought us into their homes on "The Osbournes". She has come such a long way since then it blows my mind. She has… More »
Kelly Osbourne Gets Big Head Tattoo
Kelly Osbourne's hair transformations as of late have taken a turn for the permanent. The 29-year-old got a tattoo on her shaved, purple head. The…
Nicole Richie Accepts Kelly Osbourne's Purple Hair Dare
Last week Kelly Osboune took to her Instagram DARING Nicole Richie to make it permanent so they could be hair twins! Kelly posted,
Hot Or Not: Kelly Osbourne's Hair Spikes
Kelly Osbourne has been rocking some sharp style recently. She's taken the studs and spikes trend and translated it from shoe and dress accessory to hairstyle!
At the American Music Awards and the AmfAR Inspiration…
Hot Or Not: Kelly Osbourne's Style Is Feeling A Lot Like Christmas
Kelly Osbourne is ready for Christmas! The Fashion Police host, 29, rocked a festive red lace dress to the AmfAR Inspiration Gala. And the holiday cheer didn't stop there. The back of Kelly's…
Miss Congeniality: Taylor Swift's Famous Friends
Taylor Swift is famous for her roster of famous exes. But the singer, 23, has a whole roster of Hollywood heavyweights in the 'just friends' category as well. She rolls deep with longtime besties like Emma Stone and Selena Gomez, but she's also welcomed many other celebrities into the fold. She's recently befriended everyone from… More »
The Best Hair and Make-up Looks From Past Emmy Awards
The 65th annual Emmy Awards are this Sunday, September 22, and we are all getting excited for the red carpet. I can't wait to see what the leading ladies of television will be wearing and how perfect their hair and makeup is going to look. Let's throw it back to some of the best hair… More »
Harry Styles, Kelly Osbourne & A Dog Walk Into A Bar: Cutest Pics Ever?
In what have to be the most adorable pictures ever taken, Harry Styles was seen partying with Kelly Osbourne and a sweet pooch at an outdoor bar…
Kelly Osbourne Is Dominating Fashion Week
It's New York Fashion Week, so there's a lot to take in. The most amazing designers are showing off their latest creations, and models, celebrities and fashion editors are flaunting their stuff throughout the city…
28 Gals Who Are Pulling Off Silver Hair
Silver hair isn't really a color every girl can pull off. Kelly Osbourne rocks her pastel locks fabulously whether they are purple or grey. I am loving these girls pulling off the silver hair. It's so chic and guaranteed to get heads turning. This style is simply amazing and I'm 100% into it, but not… More »
Kelly Osbourne Turns Up The Heat On The Cover Of Cosmo Magazine!
I couldn't help but notice how great Kelly Osbourne looks on the lastest Cosmopolitan cover! She was recently feautured on the July issue and I really couldn't be happier with their decision. Just by looking at…
Celebrity Inspired Prom Dress Trends
Finding the perfect prom dress can be a difficult task. Things can get really tacky, really fast, when striving for a festive and young look. Taking notes from red capets is always a helpful way to identify great formal dress trends. Some of the hottest red carpet trends may be harder to pull off (hello… More »
Stars Who Had Miley's Haircut First
When Miley Cyrus chopped off her hair and bleached it blonde, it was huge news. It certainly was a departure from the starlet's old look. Recently Miley tweeted about how she started a trend with her new 'do, saying "do u know how many bitches walking round with my hurrrr cut? if it was inspired… More »
Giveaway Alert And Q&A With: Caroline Manzo!
Win a signed…
Buzznet Breakdown 3/10
It is time for this weeks Buzznet Breakdown! Emerging Artist Month started this week so we have tons of new artist that we are falling in love with, be…
Who Wore It Best: White At The Oscars
The Oscars were last night, and some of the hottest young stars were rocking their winter whites. Kelly Osbourne showed off her ever-shrinking waistline. Kim…
Why Are Lady Gaga's Monsters Bullying Kelly Osbourne?
We've always seen Lady Gaga as an inspiration for self-love and body image. After all, Mother Monster, who has been subject…
Hair Chameleon: Kelly Osbourne
There are few people who have changed their hair more than Kelly Osbourne! Personally I think she's a hairstyle queen since she can easily rock so many different cuts and colors. I put together an evolution of Kelly's hairstyles for you to admire and even attempt to duplicate! It's hard for me to chose a… More »


Treat yourself and 'take the ginger'.
Keep the cold at bay with a warming cup of fresh ginger.
'All that's good is found in Ginger', according to an old Indian Proverb, and this is especially true during autumn and winter 'cold and flue season'. Ginger claims a myriad of healing benefits one of which is its anti viral properties. It is also revered for its anti inflammatory 'gingerols, which reputedly help to sooth stiff and sore joints. Ginger gently warms and calms, yet is at the same time energising. These two simple hot ginger infusions are perfect winter warmers. The first, Thai Ginger Tea, is gentle and calming, the second, 'Ginger Coffee', is punchy and invigorating. Both are easy to prepare, and you can make enough to last the entire day.
Ginger tea was the hospitality offering everywhere I went in Thailand. Like the Thai people themselves it is sweet, gentle and calming.
I call this preparation Ginger coffee by dint of the fact that it is more pungent than Thai Ginger tea and I make it in a café tier.
Makes one large café tier that can be topped up several times with water.
Coarsely grate the ginger skin and all, reserving any juice as well and put into the base of a café tier.
Fill with boiling water as you would for coffee making. stir well a few times in each direction and then let the ginger infuse for a few minutes before plunging. Drink fresh or diluted with additional hot water. You can reuse the grated ginger a couple of times before the flavour fades.


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Home › White House
Changes to White House Chief of Staff
Posted on January 24, 2023 187
The current Chief of Saff Ron Klain is planning to step down following the State of the Union address. According to news reports, White House Chief of Staff…
White House Responds to Russian Foreign Minister's Remarks
Minister Lavrov made a comparison to the Holocaust when discussing anti-Russian sentiment. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov recently compared Western countries' efforts to get Russia out of Ukraine…
Administration Working on Tenant Protections
The government is considering more restrictions on landlords. The White House announced that new measures to protect tenants are being prepared. The options being considered are intended to…
President to Survey Damaged California Areas
He will assess the need for additional federal support after severe storms. The White House has announced that President Joe Biden is planning to visit California Thursday to…
Second Gentleman will Travel to Germany and Poland
He will address antisemitism and promote remembrance of the Holocaust. The White House has announced that Second Gentleman Douglas Emhoff, husband of Vice President Kamala Harris, will go…
White House Responds to Discovery of Classified Documents
Press secretary says the president was unaware they were at his house and at a think tank. The White House has responded that President Biden did not know…
Spending Bill Flown to St. Croix for President's Signature
Posted on December 31, 2022 417
White House forwarded the legislation on a commercial carrier. While federal legislators finalized the authorization of the government spending bill, President Joe Biden signed an extension passed by…
President Biden Hosts Hanukkah Reception
First Lady reminds Americans of their common bonds of kindness, gratitude, and faith. President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden commissioned a candelabra from the Executive Residence…
Zelenskyy Gives Biden Ukrainian Cross for Military Merit
Two presidents honor one another in meeting. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy expressed his gratitude for meeting with President Joe Biden in the White House, saying, "It's a great…
President's Administration Moves on From Iran Nuclear Deal
Officials say the treaty is no longer on the agenda. President Joe Biden stated, in a recently released video from a November election rally, that the Joint Comprehensive…


EA Games has released the official Battlefield 4 multiplayer launch trailer ahead of the game's UK release date.
Ahead of the UK Battlefield 4 release date on Friday, November 1, EA games has released the Battlefield 4 official multiplayer launch trailer to build the hype to an all new high.
The action-packed trailer shows off various vehicles and weapons that can be utilised in the Battlefield 4 multiplayer.
It also highlights the open water warfare and the fun that can be had in the game – particularly teased by the quad-bike in the lift which then drives off a huge high-rise building only to land on a passing helicopter.
EA Games has also launched a Battlefield 4 bootcamp on the official website, which offers some additional information on the game's single player and multiplayer experience.
In preparation for the BF4 release date you can download the Day One update from the Xbox Live Marketplace, which is 119.21MB in size.
"This Battlefield 4 update contains improvements to the multiplayer portions of the game. We strongly advice you download it," reads the official description.
The Battlefield 4 China Rising DLC will become available on December 3 for Battlefield Premium subscribers. The general public will gain access to the DLC two weeks later on December 17.


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Sign mounted at new Oishei Children's Hospital
by: Evan Anstey
Posted: Jul 12, 2017 / 12:44 PM EDT
Updated: Jul 12, 2017 / 12:44 PM EDT
BUFFALO, N.Y. (WIVB) — The new Oishei Children's Hospital is a step closer to opening in Buffalo's Medical Corridor.
Tuesday morning, a 150-ton crane put the 8-foot-tall letters into place. They were made by Ulrich's Signs in Lockport.
A hospital spokesperson tells News 4 the letter will stay shrink-wrapped until the hospital officially opens to avoid confusion.


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Q: How to store all values in the key named folder using c# I wrote a text file. The first item of each line from this text file supposed to be key and rest of the items are values. My text file looks like this-
Flensburg;Nordertor;Naval Academy Mürwik;Flensburg Firth
Kiel;Laboe Naval Memorial;Zoological Museum of Kiel University;Kieler Förde
Lübeck;Holstentor;St. Mary's Church, Lübeck;Passat (ship);Burgtor;Lübeck Museum of Theatre Puppets;Trave

For my project purpose, I need to create .json data for each values and store those vales into the key name folder.As I am very new handling this situation I am not getting the correct logic to do this. However I tried in the follwing way by which I can create the key name folder and and only one subfolder into it. But I need to create all values folder inside the key folder. How can I do it.
My POI class from which I read the  text file as key value is-
 public class POI
   {
    Dictionary<string, List<string>> poi = new Dictionary<string, List<string>>();
    public bool ContainsKey(string key) { return this.poi.ContainsKey(key); }
    public List<string> GetValue(string key) { return this.poi[key]; }

    public void POIList()
    {
        foreach (string line in File.ReadLines("POIList.txt"))
        {
            string[] parts = line.Split(new char[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            poi.Add(parts[0], new List<string>());
            poi[parts[0]] = new List<string>(parts.Skip(1));

         }

     }
 }

in the form1.cs
   private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

            JSON_Output Json = new JSON_Output();

            Json.ToJsonForLocation(comboBox1.Text);

    }

also I set selectedindexchange from combobox2
    private void comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (comboBox1.SelectedItem != null)
        {
            POI poi1 = new POI();
            poi1.POIList();
            string txt = comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString();
            if (poi1.ContainsKey(txt))
            {
                List<string> points = poi1.GetValue(txt);
                comboBox2.Items.Clear();
                comboBox2.Items.AddRange(points.ToArray());

            }
        }
    }

now where the json file generated to sore the value is-
        public void ToJsonForLocation(string name)
        {
         var startPath = Application.StartupPath;
        string folderName = Path.Combine(startPath, "Text_ImageWithHash");
        string SubfolderName = Path.Combine(folderName, name);
        //string folderName = Path.Combine(startPath, "Text_ImageWithHash");
        System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(SubfolderName);
        string fileName = name + ".json";

        var path = Path.Combine(SubfolderName, fileName);
        var Jpeg_File = new DirectoryInfo(startPath + @"\Image\" + name).GetFiles("*.jpg");

        POIData Poi=new POIData();
        Poi.Shorttext = File.ReadAllText(startPath + @"\Short Text\" + name + ".txt");
        Poi.GeoCoordinates=GeosFromString(startPath + @"\Latitude Longitude\" + name + ".txt");
        Poi.Images=new List<string> { Jpeg_File[0].Name};

        string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(Poi,Formatting.Indented);
        File.WriteAllText(path , json);
    }

This is my code output while running the program.

after clicking button 1 Text_image_withHash folder is generated in the configuration directory.

Now if I open the folder I can see fthe following folders which is the key value from text file

After enable button 2 for combobox two the values folder is generated but not in the key folder.but as usual way in the Text_Image_withHash.

But What I want to do is-

A: To create that kind of folder-structure, simply use a foreach-loop. And String.Split.
Required usings:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq;

Example:
// basePath can be anything
var basePath = "C:\Something";
// assume "info" is your CSV.
var infoParts = info.Split(new[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

if (infoParts.Length == 0)
{
    return;
}

var rootPath = infoParts[0];

Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(basePath, rootPath));

foreach (var subPath in infoParts.Skip(1))
{
    Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(basePath, rootPath, subPath));
}

Saving JSON-files into these directories could then simply be made by combining the paths in a similar fashion.
I would also suggest some sanitizing of your paths (such as replacing '/' and '\\' with '_' or '-'.
Example implementation:
public void POIList()
{
    foreach (string line in File.ReadLines("POIList.txt"))
    {
        string[] parts = line.Split(new[] { ';' },
            StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

        if (parts.Length == 0)
        {
            // Empty line or similar.
            continue;
        }

        string cityName = parts[0];

        poi.Add(cityName, new List<string>());

        // Add the points of interest to local.
        var points = new List<string>(parts.Skip(1));
        poi[cityName] = points;

        // basePath will have to be retrieved somehow. It's up to you.
        string cityDirectoryPath = Path.Combine(basePath, cityName));

        // Create a directory for the city.
        Directory.CreateDirectory(cityDirectoryPath);

        // Create sub-directories for points.
        foreach (string point in points)
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(
                cityDirectoryPath, point));
        }
    }
}

A: I have just got my answer. This is the solution of the above question.
For POI Class :
public class POI
{
    Dictionary<string, List<string>> poi = new Dictionary<string, List<string>>();
    public bool ContainsKey(string key) { return this.poi.ContainsKey(key); }
    public List<string> GetValue(string key) { return this.poi[key]; }

    public void POIList()
    {
        foreach (string line in File.ReadLines("POIList.txt"))
        {
            string[] parts = line.Split(new char[] { ';' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

            if (parts.Length == 0)
            {
                // Empty line or similar.
                continue;
            }

            string cityName = parts[0];

            poi.Add(cityName, new List<string>());

            // Add the points of interest to local.
            var points = new List<string>(parts.Skip(1));
            poi[cityName] = points;

            var startPath = Application.StartupPath;
            string folderName = Path.Combine(startPath, "FinalJson");
            string cityDirectoryPath = Path.Combine(folderName, cityName);

            Directory.CreateDirectory(cityDirectoryPath);

               }

    }
}

the the json output class
 public void ToJsonForLocation(string CityName,string PoiName)
    {
        var startPath = Application.StartupPath;
        string folderName = Path.Combine(startPath, "FinalJson");
        string SubfolderName = Path.Combine(folderName, CityName);
        System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(SubfolderName);
        string fileName = PoiName + ".json";

        var path = Path.Combine(SubfolderName, fileName);
        var Jpeg_File = new DirectoryInfo(startPath + @"\Image\" + PoiName).GetFiles("*.jpg");

        POIData Poi=new POIData();
        Poi.Shorttext = File.ReadAllText(startPath + @"\Short Text\" + PoiName + ".txt");
        Poi.GeoCoordinates = GeosFromString(startPath + @"\Latitude Longitude\" + PoiName + ".txt");
        Poi.Images=new List<string> { Jpeg_File[0].Name};

        string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(Poi,Formatting.Indented);
        File.WriteAllText(path,json);
    }

this is generated folder and file in this way-

The Final json file for all values

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Facebook's personal message attributes are a practical method to get interactions from friends that are also long for your Facebook Wall surface or are suggested to be private. With time, you may remove these messages. Can You View Deleted Messages On Facebook: Once they are removed, there are methods to recover Facebook messages, however they are time-sensitive. If you have actually simply erased a message, it is feasible to recover it by going back to the Message area of your account. If it has been some time considering that you removed a message, it is additionally feasible to discover the notification e-mail sent to you by Facebook containing the text of the message.
Find all e-mails sent out from Facebook. Facebook e-mails you every single time you obtain a message. The message of the message is included in the e-mail. If you can not Undo a message removal, you can discover the message of messages sent out to you in your past emails.
Facebook is a very thorough social media sites network. In the beginning this network was restricted for college students of Mark, then this networks was made available for all the university student. As well as facebook can be used by every person over 13 years. Additionally, tThis network ended up being extremely widespread throughout the globe.
The technique is extremely straightforward to recover deleted facebook messages. This feature is given by facebook to recover your whole account information. To restore all the data from your account just adhere to the listed below actions.
Step 2. In General Account Setting after the Temperature level setup box, you will see a text created as Download a duplicate of your Facebook Data.
Step 3. Now click that choice as well as at the an additional page, you will see a "start my archive" alternative, click on it. Currently a popup home window will open up as well as will ask you to enter your password. This will certainly be just for safety and security purpose.
Step 4. Currently you will certainly see that download link of all the Facebook Information will certainly be sent to your email account. Now open your registered email account after a while and also you will certainly see the facebook mail in your account. Open the mail as well as you will certainly see a connect to download your facebook information.
Tip 5. Click that download connect to download your whole facebook information. Currently when downloading finishes open the data making use of WinRar as well as extract it. In the extracted data you will see the folders like pictures, messages and videos and so on.
Action 6. Currently open the message folder and also it will certainly remain in default HTML code, open it in your internet browser and you could see all the messages you chat with your friends.


More than 1,500 people have been treated for injuries from using battery-powered electric scooters in the United States since the craze began in late 2017, a Consumer Reports survey showed.
The nonprofit consumer magazine said its tally, based on reports from hospitals and emergency officials, is incomplete and does not include four reported fatalities linked to e-scooters.
Still, it counted 1,542 cases of emergency treatment for scooter-related injuries after contacting 110 hospitals and five agencies in 47 cities where the two biggest scooter companies operate.
The scooter rideshare craze, which enables consumers to rent and drop the two-wheeled devices for short trips, has been hailed as a potential revolution for urban transport.
But a number of media reports have highlighted the potential dangers of scooter use either on sidewalks on city streets and roads. This week a 21-year-old Irish exchange student died after being struck by a car on his scooter in Austin, Texas, according to media.
Consumer Reports, which released its report Tuesday, said hospitals treated people for concussions, nasal fractures, forearm fractures, and other injuries, some requiring surgery.
While major e-scooter firms encourage users to wear helmets, there are few regulations requiring them.
The magazine said more than half of those contact in the survey had no detailed data for scooter injuries and that it was not possible to calculate the rate of incidents for distance traveled.
It said many medical professionals suggested the total number of injuries is higher that the reported figure because hospitals don't have the capability yet to accurately track specific scooter-related injuries.
"Electric scooters are a promising new transportation option, but safety always must come first," William Wallace, a senior policy analyst for Consumer Reports, was quoted as saying.
Two US-based startups, Bird and Lime, have been growing rapidly, including internationally, and have reached valuations of more than $1 billion. Others in the segment include ridesharing group Lyft, Ford-back Spin and Skip.
It may be complicated to assess the safety of scooters compared with bicycles, for example, without better data on how many people use scooters.
Scooter firms maintain millions of people have used them since their introduction.


text:
Timeline Collection
Hillary Clinton Investigation
Internet Dragnet
Disappearing White House Emails
Exigent Letters
Anthrax Investigation
Phone Dragnet Orders
Jeffrey Sterling Materials
Iran NIE
Warrantless Wiretap Memos
Torture Tape
Torture Document Dump
The Ghorbanifar Meetings
2nd Circuit Rules Phone Dragnet Exceeds Section 215
May 7, 2015 /3 Comments/in FISA /by emptywheel
Here's the opinion. This will be a working thread.
(27) LOL! I love this line, which was surely written for Sam Alito.
Appellants here need not speculate that the government has collected, or may in the future collect, their call records.
(28) And they directly address Amnesty v. Clapper on the next page.
Amnesty International does not hold otherwise. There, the Supreme Court, reversing our decision, held that respondents had not established standing because they could not show that the government was surveilling them, or thatsuch surveillance was "certainly impending." 131 S. Ct. at 1148‐1150. Instead, the Supreme Court stated that respondents' standing arguments were based on a "speculative chain of possibilities" that required that: respondents' foreign contacts be targeted for surveillance; the surveillance be conducted pursuant to the statute challenged, rather than under some other authority; the FISC approve the surveillance; the government actually intercept the communications of the foreign contacts; and among those intercepted communications be those involving respondents. Id. Because respondents' injury relied on that chain of events actually transpiring, the Court held that the alleged injury was not "fairly traceable" to the statute being challenged. Id. at 1150. As to costs incurred by respondents to avoid surveillance, the Court characterized those costs as "a product of their fear of surveillance" insufficient to confer standing. Id. at 1152.
Here, appellants' alleged injury requires no speculation whatsoever as to how events will unfold under § 215 – appellants' records (among those of numerous others) have been targeted for seizure by the government; the government has used the challenged statute to effect that seizure; the orders have been approved by the FISC; and the records have been collected. Amnesty International's "speculative chain of possibilities" is, in this context, a reality.That case in no way suggested that such data would need to be reviewed or analyzed in order for respondents to suffer injury.
(38) Really interesting argument about whether secrecy can preclude standing.
These secrecy measures, the government argues, are evidence that Congress did not intend that § 215 orders be reviewable in federal court upon suit by an individual whose metadata are collected.
Upon closer analysis, however, that argument fails. The government has pointed to no affirmative evidence, whether "clear and convincing" or "fairly discernible," that suggests that Congress intended to preclude judicial review. Indeed, the government's argument from secrecy suggests that Congress did not contemplate a situation in which targets of § 215 orders would become aware of those orders on anything resembling the scale that they now have. That revelation, of course, came to pass only because of an unprecedented leak of classified information. That Congress may not have anticipated that individuals like appellants, whose communications were targeted by § 215 orders, would become aware of the orders, and thus be in a position to seek judicial review, is not evidence that Congress affirmatively decided to revoke the right to judicial review otherwise provided by the APA in the event the orders were publicly revealed.
The government's argument also ignores the fact that, in certain (albeit limited) instances, the statute does indeed contemplate disclosure. If a judge finds that "there is no reason to believe that disclosure may endanger the national security of the United States, interfere with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation, interfere with diplomatic relations, or endanger the life or physical safety of any person," he may grant a petition to modify or set aside a nondisclosure order. 50 U.S.C. § 1861(f)(2)(C)(i). Such a petition could presumably only be brought by a § 215 order recipient, because only the recipient, not the target, would know of the order before such disclosure. But this provision indicates that Congress did not expect that all § 215 orders would remain secret indefinitely and that, by providing for such secrecy, Congress did not intend to preclude targets of § 215 orders, should they happen to learn of them, from bringing suit
(42) Court argues that because telecoms get immunity their interests are not coincident with their customers'.
As appellants point out, telecommunications companies have little incentive to challenge § 215 orders – first, because they are unlikely to want to antagonize the government, and second, because the statute shields them from any liability arising from their compliance with a § 215 order. See 50 U.S.C. § 1861(e). Any interests that they do have are distinct from those of their customers. The telephone service providers' primary interest would be the expense or burden of complying with the orders; only the customers have a direct interest in the privacy of information revealed in their telephone records.
(47) Court rebuts govt worry that millions of people would challenge this by pointing out that that's only because millions of people had been collected on.
That argument, however, depends on the government's argument on the merits that bulk metadata collection was contemplated by Congress and authorized by § 215. The risk of massive numbers of lawsuits challenging the same orders, and thus risking inconsistent outcomes and confusion about the legality of the program, occurs only in connection with the existence of orders authorizing the collection of data from millions of people.
(48) Some of this is LOL funny.
While constitutional avoidance is a judicial doctrine, the principle should have considerable appeal to Congress: it would seem odd that Congress would preclude challenges to executive actions that allegedly violate Congress's own commands, and thereby channel the complaints of those aggrieved by such actions into constitutional challenges that threaten Congress's own authority. There may be arguments in favor of such an unlikely scheme, but it cannot be said that any such reasons are so patent and indisputable that Congress can be assumed, in the face of the strong presumption in favor of APA review, to have adopted them without having said a word about them.
(52) Court's final kick at the claim that Congress has prohibited review.
In short, the government relies on bits and shards of inapplicable statutes, inconclusive legislative history, and inferences from silence in an effort to find an implied revocation of the APA's authorization of challenges to government actions. That is not enough to overcome the strong presumption of the general command of the APA against such implied preclusion. Congress, of course, has the ability to limit the remedies available under the APA; it has only to say so. But it has said no such thing here. We should be cautious in inferring legislative action from legislative inaction, or inferring a Congressional command from Congressional silence. At most, the evidence cited by the government suggests that Congress assumed, in light of the expectation of secrecy, that persons whose information was targeted by a § 215 order would rarely even know of such orders, and therefore that judicial review at the behest of such persons was a non‐ issue. But such an assumption is a far cry from an unexpressed intention to withdraw rights granted in a generally applicable, explicit statute such as the APA.
(59) This is the key passage.
Thus, the government takes the position that the metadata collected – a vast amount of which does not contain directly "relevant" information, as the government concedes – are nevertheless "relevant" because they may allow the NSA, at some unknown time in the future, utilizing its ability to sift through the trove of irrelevant data it has collected up to that point, to identify information that is relevant.5 We agree with appellants that such an expansive concept of "relevance" is unprecedented and unwarranted.
The statutes to which the government points have never been interpreted to authorize anything approaching the breadth of the sweeping surveillance at issue here.6 The government admitted below that the case law in analogous contexts "d[id] not involve data acquisition on the scale of the telephony metadata collection." ACLU v. Clapper, No. 13 Civ. 3994 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 26, 2013), ECF No. 33 (Mem. of Law of Defs. in Supp. of Mot. to Dismiss) at 24. That concession is well taken. As noted above, if the orders challenged by appellants do not require the collection of metadata regarding every telephone call made or received in the United States (a point asserted by appellants and at least nominally contested by the government), they appear to come very close to doing so. The sheer volume of information sought is staggering; while search warrants and subpoenas for business records may encompass large volumes of paper documents or electronic data, the most expansive of such evidentiary demands are dwarfed by the volume of records obtained pursuant to the orders in question here.
Moreover, the distinction is not merely one of quantity – however vast the quantitative difference – but also of quality. Search warrants and document subpoenas typically seek the records of a particular individual or corporation under investigation, and cover particular time periods when the events under investigation occurred. The orders at issue here contain no such limits. The metadata concerning every telephone call made or received in the United States using the services of the recipient service provider are demanded, for an indefinite period extending into the future. The records demanded are not those of suspects under investigation, or of people or businesses that have contact with such subjects, or of people or businesses that have contact with others who are in contact with the subjects – they extend to every record that exists, and indeed to records that do not yet exist, as they impose a continuing obligation on the recipient of the subpoena to provide such records on an ongoing basis as they are created. The government can point to no grand jury subpoena that is remotely comparable to the real‐time data collection undertaken under this program.
(66) And more.
The government's emphasis on the potential breadth of the term "relevant," moreover, ignores other portions of the text of § 215. "Relevance" does not exist in the abstract; something is "relevant" or not in relation to a particular subject. Thus, an item relevant to a grand jury investigation may not be relevant at trial. In keeping with this usage, § 215 does not permit an investigative demand for any information relevant to fighting the war on terror, or anything relevant to whatever the government might want to know. It permits demands for documents "relevant to an authorized investigation." The government has not attempted to identify to what particular "authorized investigation" the bulk metadata of virtually all Americans' phone calls are relevant. Throughout its briefing, the government refers to the records collected under the telephone metadata program as relevant to "counterterrorism investigations," without identifying any specific investigations to which such bulk collection is relevant. See, e.g., Appellees' Br. 32, 33, 34.8 The FISC orders, too, refer only to "authorized investigations (other than threat assessments) being conducted by the FBI . . . to protect against international terrorism," see, e.g., 2006 Primary Order at 2; Joint App'x 127, 317, merely echoing the language of the statute. The PCLOB report explains that the government's practice is to list in § 215 applications multiple terrorist organizations, and to declare that the records being sought are relevant to the investigations of all of those groups. PCLOB Report 59. As the report puts it, that practice is "little different, in practical terms, from simply declaring that they are relevant to counterterrorism in general. . . . At its core, the approach boils down to the proposition that essentially all telephone records are relevant to essentially all international terrorism investigations." Id. at 59‐60. Put another way, the government effectively argues that there is only one enormous "anti‐terrorism" investigation, and that any records that might ever be of use in developing any aspect of that investigation are relevant to the overall counterterrorism effort.
(70) I'll come back to this but this language on assessments could actually pose a problem for USAF.
The government's approach also reads out of the statute another important textual limitation on its power under § 215. Section 215 permits an order to produce records to issue when the government shows that the records are "relevant to an authorized investigation (other than a threat assessment)." 50 U.S.C. § 1861(b)(2)(A) (emphasis added). The legislative history tells us little or nothing about the meaning of "threat assessment." The Attorney General's Guidelines for Domestic FBI Operations, however, tell us somewhat more. The Guidelines divide the category of "investigations and intelligence gathering" into three subclasses: assessments, predicated investigations (both preliminary and full), and enterprise investigations. See Attorney General's Guidelines for Domestic FBI Operations 16‐18 (2008), https://www.ignet.gov/sites/default/files/files/invprg1211appg1.pdf. Assessments are distinguished from investigations in that they may be initiated without any factual predication.
In limiting the use of § 215 to "investigations" rather than "threat assessments," then, Congress clearly meant to prevent § 215 orders from being issued where the FBI, without any particular, defined information that would permit the initiation of even a preliminary investigation, sought to conduct an inquiry in order to identify a potential threat in advance. The telephone metadata program, however, and the orders sought in furtherance of it, are even more remote from a concrete investigation than the threat assessments that – however important they undoubtedly are in maintaining an alertness to possible threats to national security – Congress found not to warrant the use of § 215 orders. After all, when conducting a threat assessment, FBI agents must have both a reason to conduct the inquiry and an articulable connection between the particular inquiry being made and the information being sought. The telephone metadata program, by contrast, seeks to compile data in advance of the need to conduct any inquiry (or even to examine the data), and is based on no evidence of any current connection between the data being sought and any existing inquiry.
(74) As I pointed out here, this is what really concerned Lynch during the argument.
The interpretation urged by the government would require a drastic expansion of the term "relevance," not only with respect to § 215, but also as that term is construed for purposes of subpoenas, and of a number of national security‐related statutes, to sweep further than those statutes have ever been thought to reach. For example, the same language is used in 18 U.S.C. § 2709(b)(1) and 20 U.S.C. § 1232g(j)(1)(A), which authorize, respectively, the compelled production of telephone toll‐billing and educational records relevant to authorized investigations related to terrorism. There is no evidence that Congress intended for those statutes to authorize the bulk collection of every American's toll‐billing or educational records and to aggregate them into a database — yet it used nearly identical language in drafting them to that used in § 215. The interpretation that the government asks us to adopt defies any limiting principle. The same rationale that it proffers for the "relevance" of telephone metadata cannot be cabined to such data, and applies equally well to other sets of records. If the government is correct, it could use § 215 to collect and store in bulk any other existing metadata available anywhere in the private sector, including metadata associated with financial records, medical records, and electronic communications (including e‐mail and social media information) relating to all Americans.
Such expansive development of government repositories of formerly private records would be an unprecedented contraction of the privacy expectations of all Americans. Perhaps such a contraction is required by national security needs in the face of the dangers of contemporary domestic and international terrorism. But we would expect such a momentous decision to be preceded by substantial debate, and expressed in unmistakable language. There is no evidence of such a debate in the legislative history of § 215, and the language of the statute, on its face, is not naturally read as permitting investigative agencies, on the approval of the FISC, to do any more than obtain the sorts of information routinely acquired in the course of criminal investigations of "money laundering [and] drug dealing."
(78) This language on ratification may be as important as the language on "relevant to."
Third, as the above precedents suggest, the public nature of an interpretation plays an important role in applying the doctrine of legislative ratification. The Supreme Court has stated that "[w]here an agency's statutory construction has been fully brought to the attention of the public and the Congress, and the latter has not sought to alter that interpretation although it has amended the statute in other respects, then presumably the legislative intent has been correctly discerned." North Haven Bd. of Educ. v. Bell, 456 U.S. 512, 535 (1982) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also United States v. Chestman, 947 F.2d 551, 560 (2d Cir. 1991). Congressional inaction is already a tenuous basis upon which to infer much at all, even where a court's or agency's interpretation is fully accessible to the public and to all members of Congress, who can discuss and debate the matter among themselves and with their constituents. But here, far from the ordinarily publicly accessible judicial or administrative opinions that the presumption contemplates, no FISC opinions authorizing the program were made public prior to 2013 — well after the two occasions of reauthorization upon which the government relies, and despite the fact that the FISC first authorized the program in 2006.
Sack concurrence (11)
It may be worth considering that the participation of an adversary to the government at some point in the FISCʹs proceedings could similarly provide a significant benefit to that court. The FISC otherwise may be subject to the understandable suspicion that, hearing only from the government, it is likely to be strongly inclined to rule for the government. And at least in some cases it may be that its decision‐making would be improved by the presence of counsel opposing the governmentʹs assertions before the court. Members of each branch of government have encouraged some such development.
Tags: Gerard Lynch
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png 0 0 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2015-05-07 09:44:142015-05-07 13:18:452nd Circuit Rules Phone Dragnet Exceeds Section 215
Nicholas Weaver says:
Two things stood out to me:
a) The capture of the data, not the resulting analysis of the data, is sufficient for standing.
b) Searching by a computer is not considered fundamentally different than searching by a human.
Michael C says:
GKJames says:
While it's hard to know where how this play will end, it's worth mentioning that — after years after speechifying from the Executive Branch about how lawful this all is — the first time the adults in the room faced the issue squarely, it turns out that the government's assertions were, ah, lacking. It confirms why the government strains so hard to try to keep these cases from judicial scrutiny.
Wonderful dope-slap, too, to the FISC: (1) "The FISC [might] be subject to the understandable suspicion that, hearing only from the government, it is likely to be strongly inclined to rule for the government;" and (2) "its decision‐making would be improved by the presence of counsel opposing the governmentʹs assertions before the court."
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