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From Stalin to Putin with Love of France
May 3, 2017 Colin McKayCharles de Gaulle, economics, EU, European Union, France, geopolitics, globalisation, interview, neoliberalism, philosophy, populism, Russia, video 9 Comments
My interview with Professor Vladimir Peftiev
Cross-posted on Medium
Russian professor of economics, Francophile, "four times twenty years" of age. Topics include the crisis in economics; pluralist economics education and its Russian equivalent, Integrated Knowledge; the end of neoliberalism; Trump and USA-Russia relations; French politics from de Gaulle to present; ethno-political conflict; hopes and risks for the European Union, with a view to the experience of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
Filmed December 15, 2016 at Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, Russia.
Vladimir Ilyich Peftiev (VIP): About me: My name is Vladimir Peftiev.
I am a professor of economics at a provincial university. I was born in Donetsk, Donbass, Ukraine. I had five years of teaching experience in Africa and a little bit in Cuba.
My main sphere of interests: geoeconomics and geopolitics and some related topics which I hope to raise today.
I am fluent in French. I am a witness of a big period in Russia's history, from Stalin to Putin. Hopefully I'll still be around when the next president will be elected.
Colin McKay (CM): Vladimir Ilyich, let's start with economic theory; I know it's a favourite subject of yours. I think almost everyone agrees that mainstream economic theory completely failed to predict the financial crisis 2007–2008, and most would agree that it's failed to provide any solutions to the economic crisis.
When we spoke earlier you said that "You cannot explain the economy with economics", which I think is a very appropriate way of looking at things.
So, where to from here? Can we revise, can we build on any of the theories from the past? Is there any place still for the classical theories of Adam Smith, or the theories of John Maynard Keynes? Do we need a new approach to our understanding of economics?
VIP: These are all very serious challenges and the answers to these challenges may be different. However let's start with stating the obvious.
Humankind is entering an epoch of big changes. Changes are always the responses to the questions of the time.
I want to specifically highlight one challenge and possibly an answer to it.
Neoliberalism is not the key doctrine any more. Economics is in the deepest crisis ever. But neo-protectionism isn't always effective either.
That's why economists will probably have to find a third way in the development of economic thought, and politics, accordingly.
It is difficult when it happens between two extremes but finding a third way is important. At first it may be perceived like a centaur, like eclecticism, but with time it will be possible to find a reasonable, satisfactory decision.
Who will be able to do this?
Definitely not Nobel laureates in economics. I respect them but they are too interested in mathematics, in theory, which is an abstraction of life, not life itself.
The shift to new possibilities and new ideas of economic thought will be possible thanks to extraordinary politicians. We are not talking about representatives of traditional political parties.
We have ready examples of such politicians — Donald Trump is a businessman, who knows about risks and bankruptcy. So in my mind he will be taking weighted decisions.
If he intends to keep his election campaign promises, he will have to do these three things: build a good, hard-working team (there are some questions about certain people); second, find a compromise with the congress and governors; third, build a close relationship with business but not with the financial sector, not with the old financial oligarchy.
Provided that is fulfilled, then we will see a result.
CM: Vladimir Ilyich, it seems that one of the biggest problems for economics is that most students are only educated in one theory or one way of looking at economics, and one way of looking at the economy. In the West that's usually neoclassical theory; certainly that's so in most if not all of the leading universities in the West, certainly as I understand it. Now lately, in recent years some universities have started offering a pluralist curriculum aiming to educate students in all the different economic theories; I understand, it's understood in the West that there is around nine different schools of economic theory. I note that the Australian professor, Steve Keen, offers a pluralist curriculum at Kingston University, London; there are a handful of other universities as well in the UK that offer it, and some in the USA, France and Italy, but it's still — in the greater context of economic education — it's a very small component of total economics education in the West is pluralist.
Now, I understand that in Russia, as well, there is a counterpart to this pluralist approach, and it's called "integrated knowledge". I understand also that that in fact is what you teach your students is integrated knowledge.
Can you tell us a little bit more about it, how long integrated knowledge has been taught, or this manner of teaching economics has been taught. Just share with us what you can about integrated knowledge in Russia.
VIP: Pluralist way of teaching, or in other words integrated knowledge is a new trend but not without a history. In pre-revolutionary Russia, philosopher Vladimir Soloviev talked about integrated knowledge. In the 1930–40s there was a Polish economist and politician, Oskar Lange who was talking about the same issue.
Today it is still not the main approach. Most still traditionally stick to one theory, it isn't very effective or constructive.
It is necessary to teach at universities to give students at least an overview of all approaches and demonstrate practical conclusions of each theory, and to look for reasonable similarities.
Scientists too should be in constant dialogue with each other. I am aware of the difficulties standing in the way, but the dialogue is necessary.
In modern Russia there is a confrontation of different schools, starting with neo-Marxism. There are neo-Keynesians. There are neo-institutionalists. There is a certain fermentation but I do not foresee that there is likely to be any agreement yet.
Personally in my teaching course for humanitarians, not for economists — I am not directly involved for economists—but for humanitarians, I try to give them the whole view and present different concepts. I even include road maps so that they can have better understanding.
Pluralist approach is our future but with great complications. Professors who offer pluralist approach are the minority.
CM: Why is it important, do you think, to offer pluralism or a pluralist education — to offer integrated knowledge, as a way of understanding economics — to the economists of tomorrow?
VIP: To put it briefly, there will be balanced decisions.
I am convinced that in different concepts, in different ideas we can find something rational but there should be dialogue, long contacts, weighing down the practical decisions. It is a difficult path but it is the most promising one.
It is also due to the historic conflict and opposition between the West and the East; Russia, Europe and the United States.
It is the most promising path. It isn't easy, it's very difficult and exhausting for the generation of economists who were brought up in a specific ideology, those who were tied to one particular doctrine. Something will have to be denied and it's painful.
One needs to reach biblical age and adopt a certain style of life and character for such ideas.
That will be a new generation of students, new generation of professors, and a new generation of politicians. That is what is needed: a new generation of politicians.
Then they will give an impulse to reform the system of education and build a constructive dialogue.
CM: In the years since the financial crisis there's been a lot of discussion about neoliberalism and the crisis of globalisation. The recent populist wave in elections across the Western world, it's portrayed as threat not only to globalisation but also to the dominance of liberal democracy, the post-World War 2 dominance of liberal democracy, throughout the Western world. Can you talk a little bit about why you think populist and 'Right' parties are suddenly gaining so much power?
VIP: Crisis of globalisation is obvious. How can we detect it?
Globalisation undermines the nation's self-identity, it doesn't give a chance to a citizen to express an opinion.
There is an institutional crisis too: world organisations like the WTO and IMF aren't coping with their responsibilities. They are either too politicised or they take belated decisions.
Crises are many and the world is tired of crises. Russia is even more so than other countries. That is why the silent majority, philistines, as we may call them, demand positive changes.
The results of the past and the coming elections are a protest of the majority against the ruling elite; old and mainly aristocratic, successive. It's a protest against the existing order. There is perceived tiredness of the majority in Europe and possibly in the whole world.
A protest of a citizen, of a philistine — I am using the word philistine in a good sense — isn't always rational, it is mostly emotional, impulsive but the decisions should be rational and weighed.
It's a great tragedy that populism is starting to dominate.
Traditional parties don't cope with their responsibilities. Trade unions are silent. They seem to occupy themselves with purely economic problems.
There is no big idea that would unify nations and the entire world. First of all it's a creative crisis. No one is offering rational ideas that would unite and not separate humankind.
CM: Do you have any thoughts as to what kind of an idea could serve the purpose of resolving this problem — the absence of a unifying idea — on a transnational, on a global level?
VIP: First of all: security, elimination of any danger of war, including nuclear war or a long-term war, and humanitarian problems: poverty, education, medicine, cultural exchange.
These are traditional topics but they should have new content to be discussed in a widening circle of members, a necessarily widening circle of members.
Security remains the first priority.
It's important to settle ethno-political conflicts, which are bloody and long-lasting.
To all that there must be a solution and this solution must be a political one.
CM: Does the introduction of mass muslim migration pose any risks for the EU? Do you see any similarities to the ethno-political conflicts that occurred in the USSR? Do you think history will repeat itself?
VIP: Yes, and no. In modern Russia the migration from former soviet republics had certain difficulties and positive moments too.
Regarding the collapse of the USSR: yes, ethno-political conflicts possibly played the decisive role in the collapse of a superpower.
Ethno-political conflicts were bloody in Caucasus, Fergana and some other regions. Back at the time authorities weren't able to either foresee the spreading of these conflicts or take action; not forceful action. They should have made agreements with leaders of the republics and addressed the population. That never happened back then.
Second reason for the collapse was the cunning of President Reagan who drew Soviet authorities into the arms race. The arms race always means extreme weakening of resources. We would not like that arms race in Russia now. Russia's military budget should be held within reasonable limits.
But I don't exclude the possibility of ethno-political conflicts appearing again some day. We can only hope they will not be bloody conflicts. That is extremely dangerous and the history of the Soviet Union only proves that.
There is no direct relation or analogy — times have simply changed. To the EU it's a lasting problem.
The pressure of immigration flow can be released by achieving better circumstances of life for the immigrants. At the same time immigrants should integrate themselves into economics and culture and the humanitarian sphere of the receiving country. Not everything here is done well by the immigrants themselves.
CM: Vladimir Ilyich, you are — to use the French expression — "four times twenty years" of age. You've lived through, personally experienced some of the most tumultuous, rapid changes to national, geopolitical and economic orders in all of world history. You've lived through, personally experienced the collapse of the USSR. Can you see any common features with the present day EU?
VIP: There are three parts in your question. Let's start with the first part.
My formation passed through certain stages: my mother's tales of the holodomor in the beginning of 1930s, my father's tales of war, the occupation of Donbass by the German, Italian and Romanian troops. It was a true horror.
That was followed by my education at the Kiev University. I was taught by the pre-revolutionary professors, a unique class of intelligentsia. Those were unique professors, each of them was a true talent.
That was followed by living in Africa and partly Cuba.
Somehow I missed "Perestroika" because most of what was happening at the time was known to me decades before.
The 1990s were the hardest and the most interesting years. I was torn apart between science — because I had to write my PhD — and journalism. Later I published a big book with 100 of my articles that were previously published in local newspapers.
In the following decades I became mostly an observer, not a participant. A lot of what's happening now is interesting to me.
Now let's talk about the EU. It's a wonderful project, I think it will be implemented.
However right now there is a deep crisis within the EU. I think it's not so much caused by the debts or the Brexit but mostly by the absence of strategic ideas. Europe, the EU has lost its initiative.
In the end of 1940s and the beginning of 1950s there was a reasonable idea of restoring peace between the nations that had a war between each other, create a union, not only for business or for political reasons but for citizens as well. The free movement of the citizens is a great achievement but it's not fully implemented because of the routine behaviour of the European elite.
Right now there is no big idea and there are no big leaders.
François Fillon, who positions himself as a new Gaullist, will possibly achieve something, but he is a new Gaullist of modest proportions. We need leaders like de Gaulle but there are none yet.
I don't see any particular collapse of the EU in the foreseeable future. The EU will still exist but in a different form, maybe with a reduced number of members. Maybe they will find ways of providing economic growth and dealing with internal conflicts.
And naturally the EU must become an independent political player, just like the USA and Japan. I have certain hopes for the premier minister of Japan.
I wish to see these three macro regions make an agreement but not against Russia. Sanctions and Russophobia is a strategic and psychological mistake.
Russia will respond to challenges which undermine its status, politely, brutally, and hybridly. Examples are many and there will be even more. Russia shall never be derided.
Now let's talk about Marxism. I have received Marxist education. I was taught Marxism and Leninism and cannot hide from that but doubts about these doctrines arose already in the 1960s, after having read vast sources in French.
The main events that shaped me were Budapest 1956, Prague 1968, and many others.
It took me almost half a century in total to say goodbye to Marxism. It was a difficult path. I don't renounce Marx and Engels and Lenin. Some of them proposed great theories, and I think Lenin was a great politician.
Lenin was a very difficult politician but since it's a part of Russian history, I can't get away from that.
But I am not a dissident, I am not anti-Marxist.
Marxism is one of the streams of political thought and it's very interesting. Maybe it will have a future but with different participants.
I am very critical about new-Marxists of modern Russia, very critical. There is no constructive programme.
CM: Ok, you've just mentioned François Fillon. I should mention for the benefit of our viewers that you are a lifelong student of French history and literature. You are fluent in French. And I know that you follow French politics very closely. In fact you wrote a paper recently on the French mainstream media and blogosphere's responses to Brexit. Can you perhaps expand a little more for us on your views about the political situation in France and the upcoming presidential election? Tell us a little bit more.
VIP: France of president Hollande didn't solve many problems. Many urgent problems. François Hollande proved himself as a weak politician. People's opinion and polls only prove that.
Maybe the problem is the eclectic politics of the French socialist party. Hollande's programme "49 alterations" was segmentary, lacking a core, going against social opinions: such as single sex marriages, preliminary labour code, things that vexed the majority in the country. This is first.
Secondly, France is losing its economic potential compared to Germany and yet they should be equal in this. France should be an independent economic power.
Here is what a new president of France will have to do — restore economic competitiveness of France in the EU and in the world. There are certain chances.
Thirdly, France's greatness (and I would love to see France as a superpower) whether it's economic, cultural or political, is impossible without a close partnership with Russia. It is my deep conviction.
CM: Vladimir Ilyich, you're obviously a Francophile. I gather that you are an admirer of Charles de Gaulle?
VIP: Yes, without any doubt!
CM: Ok, since I'm sure that many of our viewers weren't even born when Charles de Gaulle left office and passed away in 1970, can you briefly explain for us what were the key aspects of his "Politics of Grandeur"?
VIP: de Gaulle was great, with extraordinary things he did.
First: he started the resistance after France surrendered to the nazis in 1940. That was a strange war. And de Gaulle was involved in active resistance.
Second: he solved a very difficult conflict between France and Algeria; not without hesitations and not without doubts, but the satisfactory solution was found. That obviously didn't please everyone.
Third: he attempted to have a dialogue, asymmetric and not quite equal with the former colonies, including New Guinea. But that didn't work. The project of the constitution of 1958 was discarded by New Guinea's president Sékou Touré. It's because of that conflict that I found myself in Africa.
Fourth: a decision to be independent in nuclear forces.
Last: he foresaw that the dollar would create problems and had to be defied; he knew it would bring difficulties. He was one of the first to exchange American dollars for gold. That caused a clear protest of the United States, the exchange of paper to gold. It was a classy and excellent operation realised by president de Gaulle.
CM: You've just mentioned Charles de Gaulle's resisting US dollar hegemony. Obviously the situation is little changed; the US took the dollar off the gold standard and is continuing to, in many respects, dominate the world through its ability to print essentially unlimited amounts of US dollars as the world reserve currency. Do you see any change in that situation, particularly now with Trump's election and his inclination towards, perhaps, a form of neo-protectionism — do you see any changes at all in the dominance of the world by the United States having its currency as the world reserve currency?
VIP: The leadership of the dollar is unquestionable, it's a fact. But the strengthening of the dollar has negative aspects too. There are risks, including the risks for American exporters.
Another tendency is the multitude of currencies. There are many aspirants if not for the world leadership but at least for regional leadership.
The multitude of currencies creates chaos. How can we manage this chaos? Who will do that? Donald Trump or the IMF?
If Trump puts an accent on his internal politics then of course he will "let things slide". The IMF will have to conduct long-awaited reforms.
A lot here is uncertain but there is a chaos. Right now chaos is a benefit for a leader but with time it may turn into a weakness.
The world will slowly distance itself from the American dollar. There will be a return to the use of national currencies. However it's a step backwards, it's archaic.
CM: With Trump's election and his protectionist tendency it appears that he'll not continue pushing the unipolar world order that has been dominated by America over the past 25 years. In a recent interview Vladimir Putin stated that the unipolar world order has failed — he made that statement outright. For the first time since the collapse of the USSR it appears we're at a stage where perhaps a multipolar world may be shaping up. Vladimir Ilyich, in your opinion, has the unipolar world order ever really existed?
VIP: A unipolar world is an ambition and if it ever existed, it was only temporary after the end of world wars.
Our modern world is still multipolar. Players in world politics have different statuses. There is no full equality between countries, it's an aspiration. For now the world is hierarchic and yet it's multipolar.
In the foreseeable future the West should dismiss the sanctions and stop the Russophobia.
It is important to think about creating two global coalitions: the USA, the EU and Japan from one side. These countries should agree on their positions on key questions of today. The other troika is China, Russia and India, with the help of other regional powers.
The dialogue of two global troikas is the matter of a distant future. Agenda may be different but it has to be specific, moving with small steps.
There is an example that gives hope: Russia and Japan can make a peaceful agreement about the status of the Kuril Islands as Russian sovereign territory. Different options are possible here. It includes a programme of vast trade and economic partnership.
This way, step by step, we can start a dialogue, a partners dialogue.
That's going to happen in future, not today. I may sound a bit pessimistic here.
CM: Vladimir Ilyich Peftiev, thank you so much for your time today. Thank you so much for sharing your four-times-twenty years of wisdom and insights with us. (in Russian) Thank you very much.
VIP: (in French) Thank you, our conversation was interesting, insightful and friendly. To me it's a great pleasure and a unique chance to talk to a foreign journalist.
(in Russian) Thank you very much to you and signora Anna.
Colin McKay with Professor Vladimir Ilyich Peftiev
Translator: Anna Novikova; author, writer for Russia Beyond The Headlines, Our Russia — contact annanvkva [at] gmail [dot] com, @anna_novikova
Special thanks: Professor Mikhail Vasilyevich Novikov and Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University
Professor Peftiev's books and papers (Russian) available: enquiries please email colin [dot] mckay [at] protonmail [dot] ch
September 29, 2016 Colin McKay1995, Australia, Bad Boy, biker, FXSTSB, Harley-Davidson, motorcycles, mvlog, nature, Softail, Springer, travel, video, videography 1 Comment Image
June 15, 2016 Colin McKay1995, Australia, Bad Boy, biker, FXSTSB, Harley-Davidson, motorcycles, mvlog, nature, Softail, Springer, travel, video, videography 3 Comments Image
Once Upon A Time – An Allegory For Usury On Primetime American TV
March 19, 2016 Colin McKayabc, alchemy, american broadcasting company, banking, breeding, Colin O'Donoghue, compound interest, conspiracy, drama, economics, Emilie de Ravin, endogenous money, esoteric, fairy tale, fairytale, fertility, Ginnifer Goodwin, gold, hermetic, history, illusion, interest, Jared S. Gilmore, Jennifer Morrison, Josh Dallas, kabbalah, Lana Parrilla, magic, magick, monetary, money, mysticism, occult, once upon a time, propaganda, Rebecca Mader, religion, review, Robert Carlyle, romance, rumplestiltskin, Sean Maguire, storybrooke, television, TV, usury, video Leave a comment
"All magick comes with a price."
– Rumplestiltskin / the Dark One / Mr Gold, Once Upon A Time
It premiered in 2011 as the top-rated drama. The pilot episode attracted almost 13 million viewers.
Now in its fifth season—and recently confirmed for a sixth—around 5 million fans in North America alone still tune in on Sunday nights to the ABC's primetime TV series Once Upon A Time.
Doubtless very few have a clue that it is really a brazen allegory for money-lending. More specifically, for the practice of usury.
Couched in the guise of a modern fairy tale, it is really a story of magick debt "money", that breeds more money.
For the magician, that is.
By the "magick" spell, of the binding contract.
The Promise To Pay. The I Owe You.
All the magician has to do, is tempt you to sign on the dotted line.
What do we owe, in "return" for this magick?
Our "firstborn". The first "fruit" of our "labour".
Most of us don't really understand the "price" of magick. Compound interest is the "small" yet ever growing "price" we must pay, for enjoying the comforts of "magick" debt money.
I have watched only the first series of Once Upon A Time. From the premiere episode (clip below) onwards, it is filled to overflowing with symbolism and thinly-veiled allusions to the system of debt magick that has enslaved us all in a prison of Time.
All the other clips shown here are from episode four—aptly titled "The Price of Gold"—which first aired on November 13, 2011. Yes, that is 11/13/11 for fans of numerology, occultism, and conspiracy.
Please watch attentively the three slightly longer clips below, for a fuller context of that particular episode.
And for a comprehensively footnoted essay on how our modern system of debt money—and its supporting schools of economic theory—arose from the Hermetic-Kabbalist principles of double-entry bookkeeping in the 15th century, please read On Principal And Interest, Hermetic Magick, And The Lords Of Time.
A final thought.
Some—myself included—believe that private, for-profit banking corporations should not have the exclusive, government-backed and -enforced legal privilege of money creation. Especially when the only form of "money" these magicians create, is usury-bearing debt.
So if you have found some value (information, knowledge) in this post, perhaps you might be generous-hearted enough to do me a small favour.
That is, other than sharing this post with others.
Please take a look at the concept website I have created, explaining my idea for an alternative "money" (currency) system – deror.org.
I think every man (and woman) should be their own central banker.
Should you still hold any doubts that Once Upon A Time is an allegory for usury, here are some snippets from the episode immediately following the one depicted above. Episode five—titled "The Still Small Voice"—also helps us to see that the "money" magicians are without excuse; that they know right from wrong, but choose to ignore the still small voice of God within (Conscience).
Importantly, it also confirms the foundational truths about the debt-money economy, as detailed in my essay.
And again, a slightly longer and more revealing clip, for context:
November 24, 2015 Colin McKayamazing grace, bagpipes, cello, Christian, highlands, hymn, inspiration, music, rachel platten, scotland, the piano guys, video Leave a comment Image
National Blessing [ Национальные благословения ]
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Motorcycles, Poetry
I wish you were here
October 1, 2015 Colin McKay1995, Bad Boy, contemplation, FXSTSB, harley, Harley-Davidson, Joseph Brodsky, motorcycles, nature, poetry, solitude, travel, video, videography Leave a comment Video
I wish you were here, dear, I wish you were here.
I wish you sat on the sofa
and I sat near.
the handkerchief could be yours,
the tear could be mine, chin-bound.
Though it could be, of course,
the other way around.
I wish you were here, dear,
I wish you were here.
I wish we were in my car,
and you'd shift the gear.
we'd find ourselves elsewhere,
on an unknown shore.
Or else we'd repair
To where we've been before.
I wish I knew no astronomy
when stars appear,
when the moon skims the water
that sighs and shifts in its slumber.
I wish it were still a quarter
to dial your number.
in this hemisphere,
as I sit on the porch
sipping a beer.
It's evening, the sun is setting;
boys shout and gulls are crying.
What's the point of forgetting
If it's followed by dying?
~ Joseph Brodsky


Water sports are a way of life in the Delta. Here's what the locals who've chosen to make the Delta home have to say.
To try to sum up the Delta is near impossible.
I grew up on it, learned how to Wakeboard on it, and made a career for myself on it. I'm not a pro athlete but I am a professional cameraman who has been fortunate enough to have the Delta as my backdrop. Together with a handful of different athletes we have made a living doing what we love and exposed the Delta to others around the world with countless images and award winning videos that all come from these waters. What was once just a dream to have people recognize the area that we live in for how special it is, has become a reality. I have had a chance to travel the globe and everywhere I go someone always mentions the images they see from our home. These waterways are truly unique and I wouldn't trade them for anything.


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Manga Spoilers Lose the Battle, Win the War - Why the Outcome of the Raid on Onigashima Doesn't Matter
Discussion in 'One Piece Theories' started by Marco Polo, Sep 12, 2019.
Administrator Member of the Year 2018
#1 Marco Polo, Sep 12, 2019
Thanks to @Admiral Ryokugyu for inspiring the train of thought that led to this theory.
So, Wano Act Two has just finished, and we were left with this cliffhanger:
Spoiler: Act 2 Closing
The key component of this ending is that the outcome of the war on Wano will "alter the very fate of the world". From a lot of Oda's comments in interviews etc, we've known that he's been planning for Wano to be a hugely important arc for the future of One Piece, and we've known that the outcome of this war will be hugely significant to the One Piece universe for quite some time. However, we may well have made some wrong assumptions about what that world-altering change may be. Going in to the arc, we assumed that the alliance would be taking down Kaido and altering the balance of power in that way. However, fairly early on in the arc, we were introduced to one hugely unexpected variable - Big Mom. At first this was met with a lot of confusion from readers, and as we watched her bumble through the early parts of Act Two with amnesia, readers were quick to lose their patience and question why she was here in the first place. However, her memories returned and she went straight for Kaido's head, but rather than fight to the death, they ended up seeing eye-to-eye on something and teaming up as of Chapter 954 - a huge and unexpected plot twist.
Spoiler: We're Screwed!
Now, the question on everyone's lips after Chapter 955 is this: How can Luffy's alliance of 4,200 overcome Kaido and Orochi's army of 30,000, plus however many Big Mom brought with her?
Now, there's a series of answers. One is that Jinbe arrives with the Sun Pirates and Germa, and that helps even out the numbers. Another is that the Straw Hat Alliance show up. A third answer is that all the aforementioned parties show up. All of these ideas are geared towards the idea that we see the Straw Hat Alliance take down Kaido and Big Mom. That's the goal, right? That's the "world altering event" that happens, surely? Two Yonko going down would cause chaos! That must be Oda's intention!
As amazing as it would be to see Luffy and co take them down, that outcome is incredibly unlikely and potentially damaging to the delicate power system that we have in One Piece. The way things are shaping up, the most likely outcome for the Raid on Onigashima is overwhelming defeat. However, that might just be Oda's intention. This theory is going to delve into the possible ramifications of the Raid on Onigashima failing, and why it might not be a big deal at all.
Before I start the "theory" part of the theory, I'll explain where this line of thought comes from. This post by Admiral Ryokugyu about the structure of kabuki theater began to get me thinking:
Admiral Ryokugyu said: ↑
Wano arc is based on the kabuki. The third act of the kabuki is the climax, and not a positive one, it's a tragedy.
Then in Act 4, the efforts of the writer are focused on easing the tragedy that happened in Act 3. And then Act 5 concludes the story. That's how the kabuki works.
After first going through a long stretch of denial about the idea of the Fire Festival plan failing, I eventually accepted that train of thought and began to explore where it might lead. The Wano arc is one that's laid out very differently to One Piece - unlike any arc that's come before it, this is being shown to us very deliberately as being a show. No other arc in One Piece has this kind of narrative lens applied to it. This got me thinking - What if the Raid of Onigashima is just a distraction from the true goal of the arc?
Right before Wano began, we had the Reverie. All the world's big players meeting up, and a series of subplots left on cliffhangers - Shanks, the Revolutionaries and Im, the being who sits above even the Gorosei. Now the reason I highlight Im is because his introduction as the "supreme entity" in the One Piece world is one that brings huge end game implications. Prior to his introduction, the question "Who is the final villain?" was one that caused a lot of debate. Some said Akainu. Others said Blackbeard. However, he is a standout candidate as the end-game boss. Cue mental images of Luffy, having finally reached Raftel, finally obtaining the One Piece, staring down this mysterious king, ready to kick his ass or whatever it is that Luffy does.
Hold on. Did I just say something important? Something about One Piece, the treasure that all the biggest pirates are chasing?
Now, some of you might be starting to see where I'm going with this. Others of you might be saying, "But, but Maruko! Finding One Piece is miles away! Luffy has to beat all the Yonko before they go to Raftel, right? That's at least 2 more arcs after this one!"
For those of you questioning why the One Piece is being brought up at all, let me remind you of something. The Straw Hats are halfway to Raftel. What do I mean by that? Well, as we found out in Zou, to reach Raftel, one must find all four Road Poneglyphs, and combine the co-ordinates found on each Poneglyph to pinpoint one location - Raftel. The Straw Hats have the details from two of the four Poneglyphs - the one found on Zou, and the one found on Whole Cake Island. That makes two. The third Road Poneglyph is in Wano, and the whereabouts of the fourth is currently unknown.
Hold on. I've just said something important again, haven't I? Something about there being a Road Poneglyph in Wano? A Road Poneglyph that the Straw Hats haven't found yet?
Hopefully now some more of you are seeing where I'm going with this, but for those of you who still aren't quite with me, I'll ask you the following question:
What outcome would be considered a "succesful" outcome from the Wano arc?
The obvious answer to this, and the one we've all been debating feverently is that the Raid on Onigashima is a success and Kaido and co are taken down. However, I would like to propose an alternative course of events.
At the end of Wano Act 3, we're met with the taste of overwhelming defeat under the might of Kaido and his forces. However, Luffy and co. have been lucky enough to survive Kaido and Big Mom's onslaught, but have been forced to retreat. In Act 4, we see the Straw Hats licking their wounds, deeply pained by their lack of success against the Yonko, and the impact their failure has had on the people of Wano. However, one of the Straw Hats reveals that during the chaos, they managed to locate Kaido's Road Poneglyph in Onigashima. And not only that, they've managed to obtain a rubbing of it! Now they have three of the four co-ordinates to Raftel and to One Piece. They're one step closer to helping Luffy achieve his dream of becoming Pirate King! Now all they need to do is locate the fourth Poneglyph, whose location is still a complete unknown. However, they'll have find it before the Big Mom/Kaido alliance, who are now the front runners to take over the world, as per their ambition. In all likelihood, their plans of world domination involve finding Raftel and becoming Pirate King and Queen. In fact, it's almost certain that they do - after all, they've each obtained one of the Road Poneglyphs for themselves. Right now, they don't stand a chance against them, but with the One Piece... who knows? Maybe they'll be able to avenge the people of Wano.
EDIT: @GoldenVenus rightly brought up the question of "how" the SHs will get their hands on a Poneglyph rubbing, so I'll propose an idea here. We can almost certainly say that the Road Poneglyph is in Onigashima - if it wasn't, we'd have come across it already. So by process of elimination, it should be there. It's also where Kaido's base is iirc, and he'd want to keep something like that close to home. It won't be a case of one of our characters tripping and falling and bumping into the Poneglyph - they'll probably have someone sent out to find it. However, even with the confusion of the raid going on, it's likely to be strongly guarded. A character with a perfect mix of stealth and strength would be ideal here, both in terms of sneaking past the guards and in being able to fight their way out if they get caught. Luckily, we have just the character for that - Sanji, equipped with his handy new Raid Suit he got from his family. it's likely a high-ranking executive will be involved in the guarding of the Poneglyph (maybe Drake and the Flying Six?) given how important it is (remember, Brook had to face Big Mom herself when he got caught), but I highly doubt Kaido/BM will be there to guard it - they'll probably be occupied with the main alliance fighters.
The Wano arc is one that is crucial to the dreams of three of the Straw Hat Pirates. For Luffy and Robin, finding the Road Poneglyph brings them closer to Raftel and finding One Piece and the Rio Poneglyph respectively. For Zoro, the acquisition of Enma, an incredibly powerful katana, brings him one step closer to becoming the World's Greatest Swordsman. You could also argue that surviving brings Nami, Usopp and Franky one step closer to their dreams, but theirs are relatively vague in nature. However, the fulfillment of their dreams is bears no relation to the outcome of the Raid (unless they die, which I think is highly unlikely).
To conclude: the current events in the manga are a fun distraction from the chaotic state of the One Piece world, one that will become increasingly chaotic as the outcomes of the Wano arc and the Reverie are revealed. For this arc to be considered a "success" for Luffy and his crew, they only need to survive and obtain the information held on the Road Poneglyph in Wano, setting us up for a crazy race to the finish line. The end goal we've been chasing since Chapter 1 could well be closer than we thought.
That's the theory.
Marine slasher, Seiryu, Monster Trio and 5 others like this.
Admiral Ryokugyu
New Marineford
#2 Admiral Ryokugyu, Sep 13, 2019
First and foremost, thank you so much for this theory. People need to know this.
I agree 100% with what you said. That's also what i believe is gonna happen. I'm happy that what i said caused this train of thoughts of yours.
Reading this was satisfying because it's what going on inside my head. They only need the Road Poneglyph, they can kick Kaido's a$$ later. Oda wants a gigantic war so that he can start driving the story to an end. If Kaido and BM win the war, they'll proceed to conquering the world. This will cause the Navy and the Revolutionaries to make their move, and a gigantic war will start.
Oda said once that " One Piece world will be thrown into turmoil in the end ", and in the new chapter he says " the war that will shake the fate of the world itself .. ".
Your choice of words was on point. The defeat will be overwhelming. They will be crushed easily and Act 3, just like in the kabuki, will be a tragedy with lots of bloodshed, despair, and broken promises.
gg @Marco Polo
Edinbour and Marco Polo like this.
If Kaido and BM win the war, they'll proceed to conquering the world. This will cause the Navy and the Revolutionaries to make their move, and a gigantic war will start.
This is also a very important element that I didn't mention much - the WG seem to be pretty content to let the Yonko rule their respective territories, but now that two of them are teaming up and making major plays, they're unlikely to sit and wait.
Admiral Ryokugyu likes this.
GoldenVenus
I shall rise
#4 GoldenVenus, Sep 13, 2019
I like the poneglyph theory. The Poneglyph being in Wano means that this would be the perfect time to snatch it away. And considering the amount of manpower they have, there's no way they can win against BM-Kaido. But I doubt Kaido would just leave the poneglyph somewhere without any protection? Someone must be guarding it right?
However, there's one thing I'm uncertain of. Considering Luffy's nature, even if he's defeated, do you really think he would leave without avenging the people of Wano? I mean, it just doesn't seem like him, so I have my doubts.
Marine slasher, Dreamer, Edinbour and 1 other person like this.
GoldenVenus said: ↑
However, there's one thing I'm uncertain of. Considering Luffy's nature, even if he's defeated, do you really think he would leave without avenging the people of Wano? I mean, it just doesn't seem like him, so I have my doubts
Marineford must have taught him that a fighter must recognize his limits. He can't beat Kaido. Even plot armor won't save him this time, because Oda spent all of it on the Katakuri fight.
I know he'll be mad about his defeat, but he must accept it and move on. There are times when you simply can't do anything about it, and knowing that you can't control everything is important. Luffy acting stubborn will only result in him getting knocked out over and over again. Kaido is not Doflamingo.
But I doubt Kaido would just leave the poneglyph somewhere without any protection? Someone must be guarding it right?
So I didn't talk about the actual logistics behind getting the Poneglyph that much, but the point of the theory was more to show that getting the Poneglyph = success. However, there is one crew member that is perfectly "suited" to getting into a heavily guarded area to find the Poneglyph, as well as defend himself from any potential danger - Sanji, aka Soba Mask. The likelihood is that the Poneglyph is in Onigashima (since we haven't come across it yet and the only place left to visit is Onigashima itself), so if it's timed right then a rubbing can be obtained during the raid when the guards are stretched. But again, if it were to be Sanji then I have no doubt he'd be able to fight his way out of the situation. I'll edit a little about this into my main post.
If he realises he can avenge them, then he's the type to do it by any means possible. If his past experiences with loss have taught him anything, it's that taking your time with things is almost better.
mysticalflute
#7 mysticalflute, Sep 13, 2019
Oda has been building up this arc for YEARS now. The scabbards and Momo have been involved in the story for, what, 3 arcs now? Kaido has to be taken down this arc, otherwise, what was the point in having Momo and company around for so long?
Marco Polo, Juggy and GoldenVenus like this.
Super Moderator Member of the Year 2014
#8 Kyros, Sep 13, 2019
So even after 5th act the SHs only get the road poneglyph, then what about Luffy's promise to Tama. I don't think they will leave Wano without helping the citizens of the country. They should defeat Kaido and Orochi to truly liberate the country.
Marine slasher, Seiryu, Dreamer and 4 others like this.
Trafalgar D. Mortyllien
Admiral of Scar Pirates fleet
#9 Trafalgar D. Mortyllien, Sep 13, 2019
Very Nice theory that makes sense but...
They need to go to Elbaph somehow and make Usopp The Brave Warrior of the Sea or this series was waste of my time (just kidding) But seriously make Usopp awesome
Marco Polo likes this.
#10 Marco Polo, Sep 13, 2019
mysticalflute said: ↑
Kyros said: ↑
Interestingly, it's not Kaido that has to go down to fulfill Momo and co's purpose; it's Orochi. As long as Orochi has been killed by the end of the arc, Momo can take up the position of shogun. In all likelihood, Kaido and Big Mom's goals take them back out to sea - meaning Wano would be both without a shogun and free from pirate control. Toki's prophecy only spoke of Orochi, if I remember correctly.
Trafalgar D. Mortyllien said: ↑
I think an Elbaf arc is inevitable, but as for when it happens I couldn't tell you
Marine slasher, Trafalgar D. Mortyllien and Kia like this.
#11 Juggy, Sep 13, 2019
This is my concern as well. I loved your theory Maruko, but what @Kyros wrote bugs me as well. Luffy made a promise. Also Marineford was an epic failure, where Luffy learned his place in pirates' world. He learned that he has to grow more to reach the top tiers. We had a time skip and training, which I don't see it coming again since OP is reaching its finals. What would come after if they lose in Wano?
Marco Polo said: ↑
What makes you think that Kaido would leave his factories? Orochi is just a puppet and a puppeteer is Kaido. Only with both of them dead, Wano is free.
Marco Polo, Kyros and mysticalflute like this.
#12 Admiral Ryokugyu, Sep 13, 2019
Juggy said: ↑
What would come after if they loose in Wano?
What does " lose in Wano " mean to you ? Is it losing the Battle of Onigashima ? Or dying before freeing Wano ?
It's actually the second one.
The Battle of Onigashima doesn't really matter. They might get crushed easily by Kaido and Big Mom, but the two Yonkos will then proceed to execute their own plans of world conquest and thus leave Wano behind, which will leave Orochi exposed to Zoro's blade.
Since the beginning of the arc, we had 2 big villains related to Wano: Kaido and Orochi. Kaido is unbeatable right now when we look at the alliance's power level, but Orochi is a piece of cake. They get crushed in the battle of Onigashima, Kaido and Big Mom leave Wano, Orochi is now without Kaido's protection and he thinks that the rebels are dead, the remaining rebels including Straw Hats rise again in Act 4 and take him down. Guess what that means ? Wano Country is now officially freed, and Momonosuke is the new Shogun. Now they got a copy of Kaido's Road Poneglyph + Wano is freed from Orochi's tyranny, while Kaido and Big Mom are out there fighting the Navy to conquer the world, resulting in a gigantic war that throws the world into turmoil and creates a diversion while the Straw Hat Pirates are connecting the dots to find Raftel.
So, you still believe that winning the battle of Onigashima is the only way of " winning " in this arc ?
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Ok, lets say BM and Kaido crush the rebellion. It seams plausible, since it is combined power of two Yonkos after all. SHs then, will have to fake Luffy's death and they have to do it damn good. BM literally wants his head off.
- Kaido wants Luffy's head because Luffy ruined his SMILE business. Kaido was doing his SMILE business in order for him to build a big army of SMILE users. But now that he got the Big Mom Pirates with him, he doesn't need an army of SMILE anymore, and as a result Luffy destroying his business will no longer trigger him.
- Big Mom wants Luffy's head because he ruined her reputation. Now that she got the Beasts Pirates with her, she won't care about what the world thinks of her anymore because she's about to conquer it and rule it, so why would she care about what the target of her conquest thinks of her ?
So what i'm trying to say here, is that Kaido and Big Mom won't be targeting Luffy anymore, because what he did to them no longer matters.
Marine slasher and Marco Polo like this.
#15 Kyros, Sep 13, 2019
I too thought the possibility of Kaido leaving wano with big mom. For him to leave first his factories must have fulfilled their purpose and he have no further use of Wano. Orochi is not the owner of factories.
I think it's time SHs and allies need to defeat a yonko and show growth. I'm not sure how many arcs are pending but they would require such strength to venture in to further islands.
Marco Polo and mysticalflute like this.
@Admiral Ryokugyu has said what I'm thinking pretty succinctly - that even if the Straw Hat alliance loses to Kaido/BM, the death of Orochi is enough to free Wano and avenge Oden.
Kaido no longer has use for Wano and the factories since he's allied himself with Big Mom. His reason for running the SMILE factories was so he could fill a crew with powerful ability users. He's been stockpiling power so he can go out and conquer the world. However, now he's in this alliance, he's gained access to a highly skilled crew of pirates who will fight his corner - he's ready to take the world on now, and he's got a high chance of success. The SMILEs were means to an end, but now that end goal is in sight without them, so he doesn't need them any more.
The key words I see here are "show growth." If we examine what the main fighters in the SH crew (Luffy/Zoro/Sanji) have shown in this arc, we can see that all three have grown in strength. Luffy's learnt this advanced Armament Haki technique, Zoro gained Enma and Sanji showed a big increase in strength and speed with his Raid Suit. The big issue here is the timeframe of the Wano arc - as much as we've seen them getting to grips with their power ups, to expect them to make the powerjump needed in just two weeks is a lot to ask. They're not far off, and had it just been Kaido they may have pulled it out of the bag, but the addition of Big Mom makes this a step too far at the moment. As long as we see encouraging signs, I'm not too worried whether they win or lose.
Kyros and Juggy like this.
#17 Seiryu, Sep 14, 2019
Great read for sure. For open ended theories, the [lengthy] set-up is key for sure. I will 100% agree in the short term...but the "boring adventure" limitation has to come into play (same concept as @Kyros mentions with the promise to Tama and directly to Ace). Act 3 and parts of act 4 can be negative, doom n gloom for Luffy's alliance, but act 5 has to be the defeat of Kaidou (I guess Big Mom if Kaidou does leave Wano Kuni under her supervision).
The aspect of worldwide chaos breaking out is GREAT as fans. It's still too early for that to happen. If Luffy cannot participate legitimately, it is a repeat of the Summit War. Too much overlap and more importantly lack of progress by Luffy. Morgan's article was foreshadowing for the rest of the world, and Luffy not being able to live up to it reflects on his failure as the protagonist. So I will fully agree with short-term chaos, but it should not spread past this arc. We can have isolated chaos like having the WCI war come up. Or a back to back Yonkou war (I'm still biased to think Kaidou first and Big Mom second with Luffy solely focused on Kaidou this entire time).
To reference our believability/connectivity terms, too much is lost with the fan-service driven aspects. It would be freakin awesome in the short-term (a year or so), but the rest of the series gets thrown off.
Marco Polo, Marine slasher and Kyros like this.
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On Saturday, November 3rd, 2018, the launching event of the "Cultural Route of Epirus' Ancient Theaters" program was held in Ioannina. The program is organized by the regional government of Epirus in collaboration with the association "DIAZOMA".
From November 5 through 8, leading bioethicists, philosophers, journalists, industry experts, and others come together at the Choose Food Symposium in Baltimore to discuss the ethical challenges facing our global food system.
What is it like to be you? Social inclusion and collaboration grow out of empathy, and empathy, in turn, grows from shared experience. But some experiences are more difficult to share than others.
On Monday November 5th, 2018, the "Agios Charalambos" Elderly Care Facility holds an event to mark the completion of energy efficiency upgrades to its premises, made possible through a grant by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF).
On Thursday, November 1st, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund hosted its 32nd annual National Equal Justice Awards Dinner.
In November, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC) starts counting down to December 1st, when it will don its most festive attire to welcome young and old in a large celebration with numerous activities to get everyone in the holiday spirit!
The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC), within the framework of its cooperation and joint activities with the National Library of Greece (NLG) and the Greek National Opera (GNO), launches a call for applications for the next round of internships at these three institutions.
On Thursday, November 1st, 2018, a Press Conference was held for the presentation of the Sports Excellence Program, at the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC).


text:
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Feels slightly dodgy at times
decent gym just a bit dodgy
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While such awesome cars as the McLaren MP4-12C, Audi R8, Mercedes SLS AMG, Ferrari 458 Italia, BMW Z4 and Porsche 997 are the types of cool cars that can be seen pounding around selected European venues; with the season's six races having begun at Monza, followed by Silverstone, Paul Ricard, Spa-Francorchamps, (24-hours) the Murburgring and finishing at Spain's Circuito de Navarra.
Yet thanxs to Tricia, I was informed Robert would once again be competing at the Silverstone round of the Blancpain series with the same team and thus inquiring with said competitor I discovered that he was co-driving the No. 70 Race Art BMW Z4 which ran as high as tenth before sliding backwards to finish 18th in class. As Robert next plans to contest the Spa 24hrs round with the same team, as this is the only 24-hour event in the series with the rest all being three hours in duration.
For some more pictures of the fabulous looking BMW Z4 "Art Car" you may wish to check out; click here.


His master Vladimir Putin told him to say that.
Owning Trump is Vladimir Putin's best investment ever.
This is the kind of thing the EU is hoping for. They want the UK to be isolated and I'm glad that President Trump is speaking out against it.
Who needs the eu when ur best mate is America?!
Trump might as well be our prime minister right now, he would get us that WTO brexit no problem.
The young white British male (University students, etc.) has been completely feminised over the last decade or two by the left. No wonder Remain got as many votes as they did with that demographic. There are even 12, 13 and 14 year old boys in the UK that want to wear a skirt into school so thorough has the breainwashing been.
What does FELON trump know about deals? Only if it is good for his bank account.


Who doesn't like Guitar Hero? It's a video game that let's you reenact those sweaty teenage fantasies you once had about being a rock star. Guitar Hero/Rock Band is so advanced now that you can sing, play bass or drums, just like Planet Green's Tommy Lee. Sometimes, however, you may get to rockin' just a little too hard. The buttons can get jabbed too fiercely, the whammy bar can be overly whammied or the guitar can be just plain defective. Here are some suggestions on what to do with your rocked-out guitar controller.


text:
/*
 *********************************************************************
 Objetivo: Interface con métodos para crear archivos xml y pdf
 **********************************************************************
 MODIFICACIONES
 FECHA                     AUTOR             RAZON
 01-Sep-2016             D. Jácome        Emision Inicial
 **********************************************************************
 */
package dj.comprobantes.offline.service;

import dj.comprobantes.offline.dto.Comprobante;
import dj.comprobantes.offline.exception.GenericException;

/**
 *
 * @author diego.jacome
 */
public interface ArchivoService {

    /**
     * Retorna Archivo XML del Comprobante
     *
     * @param comprobante
     * @return
     * @throws dj.comprobantes.offline.exception.GenericException
     */
    public byte[] getXml(Comprobante comprobante) throws GenericException;

    /**
     * Retorna Archivo PDF del Comprobante
     *
     * @param comprobante
     * @return
     * @throws dj.comprobantes.offline.exception.GenericException
     */
    public byte[] getPdf(Comprobante comprobante) throws GenericException;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What are the 4 words that start with C when a cancer diagnosis hits? Concern, Cure, some Cash to handle expenses, and Connection to be close to people and activities that really matter. Today we focus on a single crucial one: fundraising for cancer costs.
If you're reading this blog on our site, you know we provide one key solution to this problem: loans against life insurance policies to give patients the money they need, for whatever purpose they need it for. And we're more than happy to walk you through the steps.
Another important source is crowdfunding. Everyone has heard of Kickstarter, but its focus is on funding people who create things, not those who need to pay medical bills, however dire the need.
And it works a lot like Kickstarter—there are a raft of tips and ideas for how to create a fundraiser, a list of dos and don'ts and much more.
Of particular interest is the cost—how much GiveForward takes in overhead. Like other crowdfunding sites they have to pay credit card exchange fees and other expenses. Giveforward takes 7.9%, in the range of what these sites charge. But in an intriguing twist, they ask the donors to cover that fee. 95% of donors are willing to do that, which means that over 99% of the original amount donated, on average, goes directly to the fundraising effort.
That's a neat maneuver: they get paid, but the fundraiser bears only a tiny burden.
And that raises a question: what other tools can you come up with that might finance your bills, or the bills of a loved one? One word that starts with C we haven't mentioned yet could be part of the answer: Creativity. We're here with our special focus on life insurance policy loans if you need us. But we'd love to hear your creative ideas to help with fundraising for cancer costs.


text:
import {
  createFixtureIframe,
  expectBodyToBecomeVisible,
} from '../../testing/iframe.js';

describe.configure().retryOnSaucelabs().run('Rendering of amp-img', function() {
  this.timeout(5000);

  let fixture;
  beforeEach(() => {
    return createFixtureIframe('test/fixtures/images.html', 500).then(f => {
      fixture = f;
    });
  });

  it('should show the body in image test', () => {
    return expectBodyToBecomeVisible(fixture.win);
  });

  it('should be present', () => {
    expect(fixture.doc.querySelectorAll('amp-img')).to.have.length(15);
    // 5 image visible in 500 pixel height.
    return fixture.awaitEvent('amp:load:start', 3).then(function() {
      expect(fixture.doc.querySelectorAll('amp-img img[src]')).to
          .have.length(3);
    });
  });

  it('should resize and load more elements', () => {
    const p = fixture.awaitEvent('amp:load:start', 11).then(function() {
      expect(fixture.doc.querySelectorAll('amp-img img[src]'))
          .to.have.length(11);
      fixture.iframe.height = 2000;
      fixture.win.dispatchEvent(new fixture.win.Event('resize'));
      return fixture.awaitEvent('amp:load:start', 13).then(function() {
        expect(fixture.doc.querySelectorAll('amp-img img[src]'))
            .to.have.length(13);
      });
    });
    fixture.iframe.height = 1500;
    fixture.win.dispatchEvent(new fixture.win.Event('resize'));
    return p;
  });

  it('should respect media queries', () => {
    return fixture.awaitEvent('amp:load:start', 3).then(function() {
      const smallScreen = fixture.doc.getElementById('img3');
      const largeScreen = fixture.doc.getElementById('img3_1');
      expect(smallScreen.className).to.not.match(/-amp-hidden-by-media-query/);
      expect(largeScreen.className).to.match(/-amp-hidden-by-media-query/);
      expect(smallScreen.offsetHeight).to.not.equal(0);
      expect(largeScreen.offsetHeight).to.equal(0);
      fixture.iframe.width = 600;
      fixture.win.dispatchEvent(new fixture.win.Event('resize'));
      return fixture.awaitEvent('amp:load:start', 4).then(function() {
        expect(smallScreen.className).to.match(/-amp-hidden-by-media-query/);
        expect(largeScreen.className)
            .to.not.match(/-amp-hidden-by-media-query/);
        expect(smallScreen.offsetHeight).to.equal(0);
        expect(largeScreen.offsetHeight).to.not.equal(0);
      });
    });
  });
});


As sustainable living seems to be on almost everyone's minds these days, we must understand and proactively live in a way that protects our planet. And in the jewellery business, it's no different. Lately, we have seen many jewellery designers embrace this change through increased care for the environment while never sparing on style. At I Love Designer, we are big believers in supporting transparency in jewellery production, and accept that we cannot be transparent unless we know where the product comes from. We want to merge both our passion for jewellery and sustainability, encouraging makers to craft gorgeous and ethically-sourced pieces so that you know where your pretty little pieces have come from.
Ethical jewellery falls into a range of categories. It could be handmade, organic, recyclable, certified, ecological, locally produced or Fairtrade-certified. As long as the jewellery pushes producers to take more responsibility for their actions while doing the right thing and making a difference, then it is ethical. For example, meeting certain standards to protect the people and the surrounding environment; monitoring production and ensuring mines are operated in an environmentally-friendly manner; and of course, equality of rights for men and women perfecting their craft. The appeal of ethical jewellery is so large that many multinational brands are now incorporating sustainable processes into their business models to achieve a selection of their own ethical accessories.
At the forefront of the ethical jewellery movement lies Saught – a forward-thinking brand that has sustainability in their DNA. Their Flight Earrings, which are equally modern and minimalistic, reflect the brand's commitment to sustainability and fashion. If you are just now foraying into ethical jewellery shopping, Saught should be the first stop in your adventure.
Nature and purity – these are just two words that encompass the essence of the Begada brand. Evoking a minimalist sentiment but with a futuristic fashionable twist, their exquisitely-crafted Beautix Blue Earrings are an investment for both your ears and the environment. Serving as an expression of empowerment and ownership, Swarovski crystals are hand-stitched on faux leather as part of the label's efforts to minimise animal skins in their designs.
Handcrafted and hallmarked in India, Zevar Silver's Peacock Motif Cuff celebrates the diversity and cultures of the country. Sourced from selected artisans using sterling silver and semi-precious stones, this piece is constructed using techniques passed down through the generations. Striking not only in design but in production, this inspired cuff is every day wearable.
Invoke some artisanal appeal with Tulola Designs' Tassel Platinum Over Silver Necklace. Handmade using ancient techniques and tools passed through the generations, with Tulola you know who you are buying from and where the materials are sourced.
Handmade with love, Shh by Sadie's Square Twinkle Bracelet is the perfect piece to be worn alone or stacked with any other favourite pieces. Arriving in a reusable jewellery pouch, this cuff bracelet is made of both new and vintage semi-precious stones. Dress this beautiful piece up or down, depending on the occasion, while enjoying its exceptional quality and design.
Fanm Mon's Crosstal Pendant Necklace is handmade of driftwood from the beaches of Turkey, in addition to thread, rope and crystal stone. As all materials used are organic and easily traced, transparency lies at the heart of this brand.
As an e-commerce destination, I Love Designer is proud to be actively involved in promoting and raising awareness for responsible ethical jewellery brands. Every day, we make choices that affect the environment, the climate and our society, and so we are pleased to be doing our part by promising our customers a fairly-traded and ethically-produced piece of jewellery, every time.


text:
famous hoosiers (33)
folklore (15)
debs, eugene v. (eugene victor), 1855-1926 (11)
political prisoners (7)
debs, theodore, 1864-1945 (14)
dailey, clyde e. (3)
heeb, arthur b. (3)
common, russell (3)
traubel, horace, 1858-1919 (2)
harding, warren g. (warren gamaliel), 1865-1923 (2)
indiana state normal school (2)
borland, w. p. (1)
75 year-old male (1)
image/tiff 300 dpi epson gt-20000 epson scan (11)
28 x 21.5 cm. (5)
image/tiff epson gt-20000 adobe photoshop elements 9; 500 dpi (4)
image/tiff 600 dpi epson gt 20000; adobe photoshop elements 2.0; (1)
257 p. (1)
8-bit grayscale (1)
application/pdf 24-bit color 8-bit grayscale 1-bit bitonal 300 dpi canon eos 5d; adobe acrobat 10.1.4; (1)
application/pdf canon eos 5d; adobe acrobat 10.1.4; 300 dpi 8-bit grayscale 1-bit bitonal (1)
All fields: common
1908 Lost Creek Township Commencement
Graduation ceremonies; Programs; Seals;
1908 Lost Creek Schools commencement program, which includes speakers, performers, graduates, location, and time. Until 1911, all Lost Creek Township schools were common schools, servicing grades 1-8 together, and holding commencement at the...
All Star Ranger Girls in front of the team truck
All Star Ranger Girls (Baseball team); Women baseball players -- Indiana; Baseball uniforms; Baseball teams -- United States; Baseball -- United States -- History;
Team photograph of the All Star Ranger Girls in uniform standing in front of the team truck. On top of the truck there is a sign that says "Today Baseball". Margaret Gisolo is fifth from the right. Not all of the players in the photograph are...
Animal eater, Brazil, Indiana
Eating & drinking; Cats; Dogs; Pets; Eccentrics;
Kaylynn Robert's transcribed interview of Ann E. Roberts, Alice Ann Roberts, and Jim Roberts about an animal eater named Goo Black. According to the three informants, Goo Black was an eccentric character. One said he ate garbage, and another...
Animal eater, Jasonville, Indiana
Deborah Beauchamp's transcribed interview of Pat Douglas about an animal eater in Jasonville, Indiana. According to Douglas, there is an old woman who catches stray dogs and starves them todeath before eating them.
Animal eater, Mt. Vernon, Indiana
Cheryl Ashworth's transcribed interview of Dorothy Ashworth's account of an animal eater in Mt. Vernon, Indiana. According to Ashworth, there used to be an old couple who ate any animal that lived with them. They had pigs, cows, dogs, and cats,...
Animal eater, Paoli, Indiana
Barbara Bgham's transcribed interview of Doris Chastain's account of an animal eater in Paoli, Indiana. According to Chastain, a woman in Paoli, Indiana, named Mrs. Shetland, lived near the city dog pound and served dogs and cats to dinner guests.
Animal eater, Pleasantville, Indiana
LeAnne Daniels' transcribed interview of a 75 year-old man about an animal eater in Pleasantville, Indiana. The animal eater's name was Os Graham and he was formerly known as the Wild Man of Borneo in a circus. When in the circus, he would eat live...
Ben and Ada Ehrlich and daughter, Helen and Dorothy, Seelyville, Indiana
Men's clothing;Women's clothing; Hats; Children; Girls; Children's clothing & dress; Necklaces; Houses; Porches; Fences; Columns; Chimneys; Electric lines;
Black and white photograph of Ben and Ada Ehrlich and their daughters, Helen and Dorothy, standing in front of their house. The house was the first one south of Seelyville Common School No. 6, south of US 40 and Main Street.
Borland, W. P 1930-02-23
Social Democracy of America; Lloyd, John; Stedman, Seymour; Berger, Victor L., 1860-1929;
Letter to Theodore Debs, 02/23/1930. Says that he has been thinking back to the old Social Democracy of America days. Writes that he can still see Laurence Gronlund slowly starving to death from lack of clothes. Tells Theodore Debs that he...
Treasure hunts; Coins; Robberies;
Ruth Hagerty is both the collector and informant in this legend about buried treasure in LaPorte County, Indiana.
Chatterton George C. 1920-12-25
Christmas; Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926; Socialists;
Letter to Eugene V. Debs, 12/25/1920. Says that Christmas is a celebration "of the greatest of all Socialists." Writes that he thinks that Debs represents a "living example of a Christlike Representative and Savior of the common people."
Common, Russell 1920-10-12
Poetry;
Untitled poems, 10/12/1920.
Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926; Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923; World War, 1914-1918;
Note to Eugene V. Debs, 11/15/1921. Tells Debs that he must read a book called "The Jews" by James K. Hosmer if he wants to know the cause of World War I. Says that if Debs wants to get out of jail he must write President Harding a letter telling...
Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926; Poetry;
Untitled poem to Eugene V. Debs, 11/16/1921.
Horr, Roswell G. (Roswell Gilbert), 1830-1896
Note to Theodore Debs on envelope postmarked 03/19/1920. Asks Theodore Debs if he remembers William "Coin" Harvey and his financial school. Says he had the great debate with Roswell Horr. Tells Theodore Debs to write him and say how much he...
Debs, Eugene V. n.d. 039
Pardon; United States Penitentiary, Atlanta, Georgia; New York World;
Note to Theodore Debs, n.d. Says that the government is stringing him along and he does not expect to be released any time soon. Discusses an article he saw in the NEW YORK WORLD which he says is part of an "endless succession of silly and...
District 106 common school, Glenn Indiana
Schools; School children; Children; Children & adults; Cupolas;
Black and white photograph of the District 106 Common school in Glenn Indiana. It is a one story building with six visible windows and an open door. There are people in front of the building. To the sides are smaller buildings and a fence. There is...
District 107 Common School, Seelyville Indiana
Schools; School children; Girls; Boys; Men; Men's clothing; Women; Women's clothing;
Black and white photograph of the Seelyville Common School. There is a group in front consisting of adults and children. The Common School was open from 1880-1898. It is currently Virginia Beck's home.
Folk doctors, Rockville, Indiana
Legends; People; People associated with health & safety; Physicians; Medical offices; Medical offices; Health care; Medical personnel; Folk cures; Folk medicine;
Elizabeth Carrington's transcribed interview of Herbert Thomas about a folk doctor in Rockville, Indiana. According to Thomas, a doctor removed his tonsils in Thomas' home. This was common in that era.
Folk expressions
Folklore; Language; Vigo County (Ind.);
Three typed pages which list common folk expression used in the area.


The promise of unified communications (UC) is that it is supposed to increase efficiencies and make internal operations more seamless. But that only happens when it's working properly.
According to Robin Gareiss, president and founder of Nemertes Research, "Companies devote 33% more IT staff to managing IP telephony and 31% more to UC when they don't use monitoring tools. The tools are instrumental to identifying, isolating, and resolving performance issues—and preventing them from happening again. When apps run efficiently, employees are more likely to use them." That's one reason 36% more people actually use UC in large companies that use monitoring tools.


text:
Elektronski muzički instrument je muzički instrument koji proizvodi zvuk koristeći elektroniku. Takav instrument proizvodi zvuk stvaranjem električnog, elektronskog ili digitalnog audio signala koji je ultimatno priključen na pojačavač snage, koji pokreće zvučnik stvarajući zvuk koji izvođač i slušalac čuju.

Rani primeri

U 18. veku muzičari i kompozitori su prilagodili niz akustičnih instrumenata kako bi iskoristili novinu električne energije. Stoga, u najširem smislu, prvi električni muzički instrument bila je tastatura Deni dor iz 1753, a ubrzo je sledilo električno čembalo Francuza Žan-Baptiste de Laborda 1761. Deni dor se sastojao od tastaturnog instrumenta sa preko 700 žica, elektrifikovan privremeno radi poboljšanja zvučnog kvaliteta. Elektirčno čembalo je bio instrument sa tastaturom sa električnim aktiviranjem plektre (trzalice). Međutim, nijedan instrument nije koristio električnu energiju kao izvor zvuka.

Prvi električni sintisajzer izumeo je 1876. godine Elajša Grej. "Muzički telegraf" bio je slučajni nusproizvod njegove telefonske tehnologije kada je Grej slučajno otkrio da može da kontroliše zvuk iz samovibrirajućeg elektromagnetnog kola i tako izumeo osnovni oscilator. Muzički telegraf je koristio čelične cevi koje su oscilovale dejstvom elektromagneta i signal je prenošen telefonskom linijom. Grej je takođe u kasnije modele ugradio jednostavan zvučnik, koji se sastojao od dijafragme koja vibrira u magnetnom polju.

Značajan izum, koji je kasnije duboko uticao na elektronsku muziku, bila je audicija 1906. godine.<ref name="De Forest"> The link is to a reprint of the paper in the Scientific American Supplement, No. 1665, November 30, 1907, p.348-350, copied on Thomas H. White's United States Early Radio History website</ref> To je bila prva trioda, kao i prvi termionski ventil, ili vakuumska cev i koja je dovela do stvaranja i pojačavanja električnih signala, radio-difuzije i elektronskog računanja, između ostalog. Drugi rani sintetizatori su telharmonijum (1897), teremin (1919), Jerg Magerov sfarofon (1924) i Taubmanov partiturofone sličan elektrondi (1933), Moris Martenotov onde Martenot ("Martenoovi talasi", 1928), Trautvajnov trautonijum (1930). Melertion (1933) je koristio nestandardnu skalu, Bertrandov dinafon je mogao da proizvede oktave i savršene petine, dok je emikon bio američki instrument kontrolisan tastaturom koji je bio konstruisan 1930. godine, a nemački helertion je kombinovao četiri instrumenta za proizvodnju akorda. Pojavila su se i tri ruska instrumenta, Oubouhofov krojks sonore (1934), Ivor Daregova mikrotonalna "oboa sa elektronskom tastaturom" (1937) i ANS sintesajzer, koji je konstruisao ruski naučnik Evgeni Murzin od 1937. do 1958. Izgrađena su samo dva modela potonjeg instrumenta, a jedini sačuvani primerak trenutno se čuva na Univerzitetu Lomonosov u Moskvi. On je korišćen je u mnogim ruskim filmovima - poput Solarisa - za stvaranje neobičnih, "kosmičkih" zvukova.All the preceding instruments except those of Darreg and Murzin described in P. Scholes, The Oxford Companion to Music, 10th Ed. Oxford University Press, p.322

Hju Le Kejn, Džn Hanert, Rejmond Skot, kompozitor Persi Grajndžer (sa Bernet Krosom) i drugi izgradili su niz automatizovanih elektronsko-muzičkih kontrolera tokom kasnih 1940-ih i 1950-ih. Dafne Oram je 1959. godine proizvela novi metod sinteze, svoju tehniku "oramika", vođenu crtežima na 35 mm filmskoj traci; to je korišteno niz godina u BBC radiofonskoj radionici. Ova radionica je takođe bila odgovorna za temu TV serije Doktor Hu, komad, koji je uglavnom stvorila Delija Derbišir, a koji je više nego bilo koji drugi osigurao popularnost elektronske muzike u Velikoj Britaniji.

 Telharmonijum

Godine 1897, Tadeus Kahil je patentirao instrument nazvan Telharmonijum (ili Teleharmonijum, poznat i kao Dinamafon). Koristeći tonske točkiće za generisanje muzičkih zvukova kao električnih signala pomoću aditivne sinteze, instrument bio je sposoban da proizvede bilo koju kombinaciju nota i prizvuka, na bilo kom dinamičkom nivou. Ova tehnologija je kasnije korištena za dizajn Hamond organa. Između 1901. i 1910. godine Kahil je napravio tri progresivno veće i složenije verzije, prva je težila sedam tona, a poslednja veđe od 200 tona. Prenosivost se ostvarivala samo železnicom i uz upotrebu trideset vagona. Do 1912. javni interes je oslabio, a Kahilovo preduzeće je bankrotiralo.

 Analogna sinteza 1950–1980

Najčešće korišćeni elektronski instrumenti su sintisajzeri, tako nazvani jer veštački generišu zvuk koristeći razne tehnike. Sve rane sinteze zasnovane na električnim kolima uključivale su upotrebu analognih kola, posebno naponom kontrolisanih pojačala, oscilatora i filtera. Važan tehnološki razvoj bio je Rejmond Skotov pronalazak Klavivoks sintisajzera 1956. godine sa podsklopom Roberta Muga. Francuski kompozitor i inženjer Edgar Varez stvorio je razne kompozicije koristeći elektronske rogove, zviždaljke i kasete. On je zapažen po pisanju Elektronske poeme'' za Filipsov paviljon na Svetskom sajmu u Briselu 1958. godine.

Modularni sintisajzeri

RCA je proizveo eksperimentalne uređaje za sintezu glasa i muzike 1950-ih. Mark -{II}- muzički sintisajzer, smešten u Kolumbijsko-prinstonskom elektronskom muzičkom centru u Njujork Sitiju. Uređaj koji su dizajnirali Herbert Belar i Hari Olson pri RCA, uz doprinose Vladimira Usačevskog i Petera Mozija, instaliran je na Univerzitetu Kolumbija 1957. godine. Uređaj se sastojao od niza međusobno povezanih komponenti sinteze zvuka koji su ispunjavali celu sobu, i mogao je da proizvodi muziku samo putem programiranja, pomoću sekvencera za papirnu traku sa izbušenim otvorima za kontrolu izvora tona i filtera, slično mehaničkom sviraču klavira, ali sposobnom da generiše širok spektar zvukova. Sistem vakuumski cevi morao je da se popravi da bi se formiral boja zvuka.

Šezdesetih godina 20. veka sintisajzeri su još uvek bili ograničeni na studije zbog svoje veličine. Obično su bili modularnog dizajna, njihovi samostalni izvori signala i procesori bili su povezani komunikacionim kablovima ili na drugi način i kontrolisani zajedničkim upravljačkim uređajem. Harald Bode, Don Bukla, Hju Le Kejn, Rejmond Skot i Pol Ketof bili su među prvima koji su izgradili takve instrumente, krajem 1950-ih i početkom 1960-ih. Bukla je kasnije proizveo komercijalni modularni sintisajzer, Bukla elektronski muzički instrument. Robert Mug, koji je bio student Petera Mozija i jedan od inženjera RCA Marka -{II}-, stvorio je sintisajzer koji bi muzičari mogli relativno lako da koriste, dizajnirajući kola dok je bio pri Kolumbija-Prinstonu. Mugov sintisajzer je prvi put prikazan na konvenciji Društva audio inženjera 1964. godine. To je bilo neophodno iskustvo za postavljanje zvukova, ali je bilo manje i intuitivnije od onoga što mu je prethodilo, manje nalik na mašinu, a više na muzički instrument. Mug je uspostavio standarde za kontrolni interfejs, koristeći logaritamsku 1 voltu po oktavi za kontrolu tona i zasebni signal za aktiviranje. Ova standardizacija je omogućila sintisajzerima različitih proizvođača da simultano funkcionišu. Kontrola visine tona se obično izvodila bilo pomoću tastature u stilu organa ili muzičkim sekvencerom koji je proizvodio vremensku seriju kontrolnih napona. Tokom kasnih 1960-ih stotine popularnih snimaka koristilo je Mugove sintisajzere. Među ostalim ranim komercijalnim proizvođačima sintisajzera bili su ARP, koji je takođe počeo sa modularnim sintisajzerima pre proizvodnje sveobuhvatnih instrumenata, i britanska firma EMS.

Integrisani sintisajzeri

Mug je 1970. godine dizajnirao Minimug, nemodularni sintisajzer sa ugrađenom tastaturom. Analogna kola su međusobno bila povezana prekidačima u pojednostavljenom rasporedu nazvanom "normalizacija". Iako manje fleksibilan od modularnog dizajna, normalizacija je instrument učinila prenosivijim i lakšim za upotrebu. Minimug je prodao 12.000 jedinica. Dalje je standardizovan dizajn narednih sintisajzera sa integrisanom tastaturom, kontrolama za visinu ton i modulaciju i VCO->VCF->VCA protokom signala. Ti instrumenti su se proslavili svojim "debljim" zvukom - ali i problemima sa podešavanjem. Minijaturizovane čvrste komponente omogućile su sintisajzerima da postanu samostalni prenosni instrumenti koji su se ubrzo pojavili u predstavama uživo i ušli u široku upotrebu u popularnoj muzici i elektronskoj umetničkoj muzici.

Reference

Literatura

 "Electronic music": Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc.  (accessed: August 19, 2007)

Spoljašnje veze

 120 Years of Electronic Music
 A chronology of computer and electronic music (including instruments)
 History of Electronic Music (French)
 Tons of Tones !! : Site with technical data on Electronic Modelling of Musical Tones
 DIY Hardware and Software Discussion forum at Electro-music.com
 The Synth-DIY email list
 Ken Stone's Do-It-Yourself Page
 Music From Outer Space  Information and parts to self-build a synthesizer.
 SDIY wiki a wiki about DIY electronic musical instruments
 Horniman Museum's music gallery, London, UK. Has one or two synths behind glass.
 Moogseum, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
 Musical Museum, Brentford, London, UK. Mostly electro-mechanical instruments.
 Musical Instrument Museum, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
 Staatliches Institut für Musikforschung , Berlin, Germany
 Swiss Museum & Center for Electronic Music Instruments
 The National Music Centre Collection, Canada
 Vintage Synthesizer Museum, California, USA
 Washington And Lee University Synthesizer Museum , Washington, USA

Електронски инструменти
Класична музика
Забавна музика

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Deuteronomy 12-16
(Review - Holy Worship)
Click here for a print-friendly version
Deuteronomy 12-16 (King James Version - KJV)
Deuteronomy 12-16 (New Revised Standard Version - NRSV)
Deuteronomy 12-16 (New International Version - NIV)
Deuteronomy 12-16 (The Message - MSG)
Deuteronomy 12 (New American Bible - NAB) (click next chapter for chapters 13-16)
Deuteronomy 12 (Good News Bible - GNB) (click next for chapters 13-16)
These are the rules and regulations that you must diligently observe for as long as you live in this country that God, the God-of-Your-Fathers, has given you to possess.
- Deuteronomy 12:1 (MSG)
The Israelites have been in the desert for nearly 40 years after escaping from Egypt. They are now on the brink of entering the land that had been promised to the descendants of their ancestor Abraham. It is at this stage that Moses is delivering a final series of speeches that are recorded in the book of Deuteronomy. Moses knows he will not be allowed by God to join his fellow Israelites into their homeland so he is providing the guidance that they will need in the days and generations ahead.
Chapter 12 begins a subset of Moses� second speech that reviews specific stipulations of rules. This subset of laws continues through chapter 26, and is referred to as the Deuteronomic Code (1). The Code can be broken down into several sections, the first of which spans chapters 12-15, focusing primarily on worship. In the first of these chapters Moses describes the places and practices for sacrifice and worship. The LORD is very clear about only worshipping in a place that he has specified. At the end of chapter 12 and into chapter 13, Moses warns abut worshipping other gods:
When the Lord your God has cut off before you the nations whom you are about to enter to dispossess them, when you have dispossessed them and live in their land, take care that you are not snared into imitating them, after they have been destroyed before you: do not inquire concerning their gods, saying, �How did these nations worship their gods? I also want to do the same.� You must not do the same for the Lord your God, because every abhorrent thing that the Lord hates they have done for their gods. They would even burn their sons and their daughters in the fire to their gods. You must diligently observe everything that I command you; do not add to it or take anything from it.
- Deuteronomy 12:29-32 (NRSV)
In the 14th chapter, he reviews the list of clean and unclean foods that had been described in Leviticus 11. In the 15th chapter Moses describes the seventh year as the one in which debts are cancelled. Chapter 16 concludes the holy worship section describing the primary feasts that are to be celebrated in the central place defined by God.
Moses repeats previously documented rules to ensure that they are remembered by the next generation and then passed on to the subsequent one. Only through repetitive telling of the stories and laws could he be assured that he had done his job of educating the youth.
As part of his review, Moses expanded on each theme to drive the point home, in a style very similar to modern sermons. There is a methodical pattern of explanations that we can observe throughout this second speech of Moses. When he addresses a topic he begins by stating the basic principle, such as no false idols. Then he provides an interpretation of the rule so that everyone understands what it means. Finally, he gives contemporary examples so that the folks know how to apply it (2). We might have seen other people use this method, but it turns out that the idea is as old as Moses.
The concept of a designated place for worship was important because the LORD wanted to distinguish real worship from the pagan worship. The Canaanites set up many places of worship to their false idols: Under trees, on top of hills, or anywhere they wanted. Therefore, the LORD told Moses and the Israelites to destroy all the pagan centers of worship, and instructed them to only conduct worship in the places and ways that he commands.
A true God decides where and how the worship takes place � a false god has no such power. We will see in later books how this rule was not followed and will read about the kings who sought to remove every last center of false worship. Only Josiah was completely successful in this regard, but even that success was short-lived.
We are not exempt from this call to remove false gods. We also should remove any centers of false worship in our lives and focus our worship on the one true God. We might not always recognize that we are worshipping false idols, but we can identify them, if they exist, when we take an honest look at where our hearts are focused.
In his Bible Study series on Moses and Mark, the Rev. Greg Doll reminded his audience that the first two commandments were directed at idolatry because idolatry is "the most difficult and entangling sin." Doll quoted from the Rev. Tim Keller's observations on this sin. Keller had said that when there is something besides Jesus that is more important and is enslaving us through inordinate desires, then it's important to identify what those things are. Keller had provided a substantial list of examples of modern idols by which we define ourselves.
For example, if we believe that life only has meaning, and we only have worth if we have power and influence, then that is one of our idols. If we are a bit more modest, and are only seeking approval, but believe that life only has meaning and we only have worth when we have approval, then that is our idol. Other examples from Keller included comfort, control, independence, work, wealth, achievement, ideology, and children and parents (3). Any of these pursuits can be worthy when kept in balance, but if we allow one or more to define us, then these are our idols. And, as God warns us, all of these come to an end eventually. By contrast, if we define our identity with Christ, who is eternal, then we can live in a perpetual state of peace, joy, and contentment (4), even when the situation with our work, wealth, achievement, etc, is not in a perfect state.
The commandments against idolatry are as important and pertinent for modern people as it was for Moses and his contemporaries. However, we can be relieved to know that we are freed from Old Testament restrictions on food, as described in the book of Acts:
About noon the following day as they were on their journey and approaching the city, Peter went up on the roof to pray. He became hungry and wanted something to eat, and while the meal was being prepared, he fell into a trance. He saw heaven opened and something like a large sheet being let down to earth by its four corners. It contained all kinds of four-footed animals, as well as reptiles and birds. Then a voice told him, �Get up, Peter. Kill and eat.�
�Surely not, Lord!� Peter replied. �I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.�
The voice spoke to him a second time, �Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.�
This happened three times, and immediately the sheet was taken back to heaven.
- Acts 10:9-16 (NIV)
However, we can still seek to bring holiness to all parts of our lives. The point of these chow commandments was not just about the food but rather to require an attitude of willingness to be loyal to Yahweh, regardless of what everyone else was doing (5). We can apply this attitude to anything that is important for God. For example, when we go to work, we can work as if working for God, in whatever we do, because it glorifies him.
Moses also discussed relationships among the people in this section. For example, he said �Do not be hard-hearted or tight-fisted towards your poor brother (Deuteronomy 15:7).� This is a good declaration for our modern times. It�s easy for us to assume that we can figure out how other people ended up they way they are. However, we should be careful to not try to assume how others have become poor, but instead should care for them as God commands.
What are some of your favorite family stories that have been repeated over and over?
What are some of the commonly observed areas of false worship in our culture?
How do we cleanse our lives of false idols?
Father in heaven, please help us recognize the false idols in our lives and remove them.
People who own and work in grocery stores
(1)	Thompson, J.A., Deuteronomy, An Introduction and Commentary, Intervarsity Press, Leicester England, Downers Grove, IL, 1974, p.160
(2) Ibid, p. 159-160
(3) Doll, Rev. Gregory, "Moses and Mark: A Modern Conversation," Noroton Presbyterian Church, September 2012 - May 2013 and September 2013 - May 2014, study topic on February 25th, 2014
(4) Ibid
(5) Thompson, p.178
Tomorrow's reading: Deuteronomy 17-20 (Organization of the State)


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Running DK2 1.73, SafeDisc protection removed.
When I click on the objectives menu (the 'O' button on the toolbar ingame) , the game crashes. Any solution to this?
Edit: switching to 800x600 fixes this problem, a little annoying though as I'd like to use the superior resolution.. anyone know how to get around this in 1024x768?
Not really but you should be happy to get it running to begin with. If it runs fine with no crashes I wouldn't suggest playing around with settings or that just might screw it up.
I'm wondering if the "StippleAlpha" option in the Registry would be for something... Try disabling it.
Try also to run the game using command lines as I explained in my post (http://www.keeperklan.com/threads/654-PLEASE-READ-THIS-TOPIC-BEFORE-POSTING).


Roll out pie crusts according to package directions. Place crusts onto sheets of parchment paper. If you only want to make one galette, you can freeze the other crust for a later time!
In a bowl, combine both kinds of potatoes, butternut squash, onions, apple, 3 tablespoons butter, mustard, apple cider vinegar, sage, and thyme and stir. Season with salt and pepper and stir again.
Split the vegetable mixture evenly between the two crusts, or freeze half of the mixture if only making one galette.
Spread the vegetables on the crust leaving 1½ inches from the edge. Fold and pleat the dough over the edge of the filling. Brush the crust with remaining melted butter. Using the parchment paper, transfer the galettes to a large sheet pan.
Bake until the crust is brown and the filling is tender and caramelized, about 45 – 55 minutes.
This recipe is inspired by a recipe on The Noshery.