text:
Michelle Rodriguez Is a "Genetically Enhanced Weapon of Mass Destruction" in Robert Rodriguez VR Series
Film 02.16.18 at 12:10 pm
By Kristen Lopez
Lead Photo: Michelle Rodriguez in 'Fast and Furious 6'
Michelle Rodriguez in 'Fast and Furious 6'
Mexican-American director Robert Rodriguez is embracing new technology whole-heartedly. Entertainment Weekly is reporting that the director of Desperado, the Spy Kids franchise, and Machete has cast Michelle Rodriguez to lead his new action series to be shot entirely in VR (virtual reality).
The series, entitled The Limit will be a first-person actioner with the Dominican-Puerto Rican actress playing a "genetically enhanced weapon of mass destruction." This would mark the second recent collaboration between Michelle Rodriguez and Robert Rodriguez after recent working on the AI action vehicle, Alita: Battle Angel. The Limit will launch on the pay-per-view VR service Surreal, owned by the film studio STX.
Robert Rodriguez is definitely inventive. He's proven he can work on a shoestring budget with his early works (Desperado), was an early dabbler in 3D (Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over), and tried to bring back the '70s grindhouse experience with Planet Terror. Lately he's been dabbling in television with his El Rey network. His new series Rebel Without a Crew was searching for indie filmmakers last year to win a cash prize as well as production of their film.
This also seems like a solid fit for actress Michelle Rodriguez. While best known for her work in the long-running Fast and Furious franchise, she's become a go-to actress for action-centric features. Suffice it to say this is right in her wheelhouse. The question mark is the VR component. Many are still skeptical of the limits of VR, with much of its use limited to video games. Hopefully watching this series won't induce mass vomiting.
michelle rodriguez robert rodriguez The Limit virtual reality


Ozlem from Turkey recorded this TESOL review video. Ozlem successfully completed the 120-hour online TESOL course with ITTT. During the course Ozlem learned many things to help her with her new teaching career. ITTT's 120-hour online TESOL course covers a wide range of topics over a course of 20 units. All the units are designed to give trainees a solid grounding in teaching theory, teaching practice and language concepts. Topics include types of learners, teaching methods, classroom management, lesson planning, grammar, pronunciation and more.
The future is very complicated in English language because so many different tenses and ideas can be used with future meanings.It explained the most difficult parts of future tenses and I need to teach the forms and usages clearly .Students may be confused about the present simple and the present continuous because they also have future applications.I was surprised by how little questions there is in this exam, although they're all very logical. If you know your students are having problems with listening text the logical thing to do would be to pre-teach difficult vocabulary. I've learnt a lot from this course and it has already helped me in my work life as an English teacher for 3-4 year olds.


While we wait a few more days before we get the Corps issues a Work Plan for FY18, the House Appropriations Committee will act Wednesday morning (watch here), on its recommendations for the Corps budget for FY19.
Click here for the details on the committee's coastal funding decisions, but remember, Congress can't add projects and studies not included in the President's budget. That runs afoul of its own (ridiculous) ban on earmarks. Instead, look down the column for "Additional Funding". There are two pots of money: Shore Protection Investigations and Shore Protection Construction. Congress provides that money so the Administration can add those projects it didn't include in the President's budget (left-hand columns of the spreadsheet) so that budget could look nice and lean. Overall, the committee proposes a Corps budget for FY19 of $7.278 billion, about $451 million higher than FY18.
The committee provides $2.5 million in additional funding for studies, but recent Corps guidance says that projects authorized for construction in 2016 can use investigations or construction money to do the Preconstruction Engineering and Design work. For shore protection construction, the committee added $60 million. It boosted the Section 204 regional sediment management program from $500,000 to $10 million but said that money for the 10 beneficial use pilot programs (not yet selected by the Corps) is to come from that pot and not from any funds set aside for navigation.
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text:
Librarian of Alexandria
Bite-Sized Adventures, Bots, and Solo Play
A few months ago, I was listening to an episode of Tips at the Table, the tabletop advice show from the cast of the actual play podcast Friends at the Table. One discussed topic was tabletop podcast episode length, and the hosts had a number of interesting things to say about it, but two things in particular struck me. One of them: the idea that the game they played would dictate ideal episode length (e.g. talking about how Powered by the Apocalypse games need a little bit longer in order to really let the "moves snowball" develop.) The other: an off-hand suggestion that you might create an actual play podcast with much shorter episodes by playing something like The Quiet Year, devoting a single episode (of maybe five minutes) to each individual turn.
This was a fascinating idea to me, and I immediately started wondering what other games might lend themselves to this kind of treatment. For a game to work when "broken apart" like this, I think it needs to have a relatively rigid turn structure: while I can imagine taking a game like Apocalypse World and cutting it into short chunks, you're going to run against the narrative flow of the game either for the listener (as the buildup of consequences from past actions is split across episodes) or, worse, for the player (as you artificially enforce an episodic structure during play that unnaturally interferes with the narrative flow from action to action.) Instead, you want a game that builds small episodes into play naturally, which probably means some kind of turn structure: The Quiet Year of course works here, but I can also imagine other games designed around "scenes" doing this well, including Fiasco and Microscope.
My other thought was: what would it be like to design a game with this cadence in mind? That is to say, how would you build a game from the ground up to facilitate short-episode storytelling?
This question dovetails nicely with some other recent thoughts. Like many people who have a tabletop hobby, I don't play nearly as often as I'd like, in part because of real-world schedules, making times when we're all free and ready to play relatively rare. We've tried addressing this by doing more online play, but because life is complicated and busy, even online play can have a surprising amount of slippage and skipped games, so I was thinking about games that can be easily played online via text, without having to coordinate specific session times. This isn't a new idea—for example, Vincent Baker's The Sundered Land: A Doomed Pilgrim in the Ruins of the Future is a game designed for explicitly online play on a forum—but it was still one that was interesting to me.
The conjunction of these two ideas led me to sketch out some game design ideas: in particular, design ideas for a game which can be played in person or asynchronously via the internet, and either way will have a natural "short-episode" structure to the narrative flow of the game. I'm developing a more specific game that has these features which I won't get into here, but in broad strokes:
The game should be asynchronous. Each player might in theory be participating in their "turn" at a different time of day when the other players are not present at all, and yet should still to be able to complete their "turn" in its entirety. That doesn't mean that you can't play synchronously, or that you can't include back-and-forth between players, just that the rules can't assume that all the players are present for a turn. (This rules our things like The Quiet Year's "Hold A Discussion" action, for example.) This restriction leads naturally to a few other restrictions. For one…
The game should be GM-less, because each player needs to be able to engage with the rules on their own without (necessarily) waiting for another player's input. Any guidance that a GM would provide needs to be baked into the rules or mechanics in some way. Additionally, the asynchronous nature of the game means that…
Each turn should be a satisfying narrative unit. A given turn should meaningfully advance the story in some way: it should be 'large enough' that interesting events can occur, complication can arise, narrative threads can finish and start, and generally each turn should on its own be interesting. Some games definitely have turns where you don't feel like you're making gambits or advancing plans, but rather treading water until you can: this design should as much as is possible advance the story even if some narrative threads aren't resolving yet. Finally, because of my own personal design-sensibilities, I resolved that it should have:
The game should have separate by interacting resource economies for individuals and the whole group. The individual resource economy is so that each player can advance their own strategic, game-mechanical goals: perhaps cultivating more resources to be used later or making a decision to expend resources for some other purpose. Meanwhile, the shared resource economy should be present to provide a sense of not just narrative but mechanical cohesion to the players: you may be taking your turn in isolation (because maybe the other players aren't even present in the chat channel where you're taking your turn!) but that doesn't mean that your turn and story aren't tied in with the story of the rest of the group!
I made brief reference to a chat channel, because my mental image of how this would be played is that it would take place in something like a Discord channel. This would let the full history of the game be present in textual form to every player, allowing a player to go back and review the past events at any time, retracing the narrative of the game from the very beginning. Once you've committed to Discord (or something similar, like Slack or IRC or Matrix) then you also have a natural way to express and engage with the game's mechanical side: you can use a chatbot. You could in theory use a simple dice-rolling card-drawing bot, but if you don't mind the programming involved, why not got a step further and build a bot with in-built knowledge of all the mechanics of the game: a bot which can prompt players to take their turn and keep track of the state of the game resources and turn structure in addition to providing things like card draws?
At that point, what you'd have is a game whose rules, in addition to being able to be played in person around a traditional game table, could also be facilitated by something like a narrative-focused Pokécord, a (honestly very simple) digital GM that moves your game along in the background. Which I think could have some fascinating implementations!
Finally, while already considering these ideas, I happened across the Ironsworn RPG (specifically via Adam Koebel's First Look video and subsequent solo play videos), which is a game designed to flexibly accommodate GM-guided play, GM-less co-operative play, and solo play. One way it does this is by replacing aspects of the GM role with an "oracle", a set of random tables and mechanics around when and how to use them, enabling narrative turns and complications even when no human is guiding them.
Which gave me yet another idea: what would a solo game using this bot-facilitated play look like, using the bot as "oracle" in this way? The way I imagine it, it might be something like a fusion of a game and a guided writing exercise, coming together as a facilitated fictional journal. To give an off-the-cuff example: imagine a game of this sort that depicts a nautical journey, moving from island to island. You could use specific commands to make mechanical choices: perhaps upgrading and repairing your ship, hiring crew, making rough navigational decisions. At the same time, the bot would ask for your input: when a new crew member appears, for example, the bot might use random tables to decide on some details, but ask you to supply the person's appearance, and give a short vignette of your first meeting with the crew-member. When you come to an island, it might tell you the lay of the land and the complication you experience there, but ask for your narrative input along the way.
If you abandoned my previous principle that these games should be playable on their own, you could start fusing them with the more complicated features of things like Twitter bots. Imagine, that the previous nautical-journey bot, for example, was also programmed with scenarios resembling the a strange journey Twitter bot, turning that set of fragments into a personalized story where your input shapes events mechanically, aesthetically, and narratively, but still spaced asynchronously over days, allowing you to return every once in a while to a story in progress to learn but also decide what happens next.
Would any of the ideas described above work well? What level of interaction and resource-manipulation would be appropriate for this kind of game? What are the best ways of incorporating the player's feedback into this kind of game while keeping it satisfying and interesting? Would these be fun to do, or would they devolve into a chore? I have no idea, but I think these ideas are promising enough to find out!
#ideas #tabletop
Librarian of Alexandria · powered by writefreely

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mojave Desert 4.2 magnitude earthquake shakes Los Angeles
by Ponee Mon Dec 28, 2015 1:11 pm
December 2015 – LOS ANGELES - On Sunday morning at around 10:31 a.m. (PST), a 4.2 magnitude earthquake struck the Mojave Desert area and according to KTLA, it was felt as far off as Los Angeles. According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), preliminary data points toward an epicenter located 4 miles beneath the surface, 26 miles north-northwest of Barstow, California — a city with a population of, according to 2013 census data, more than 23,000. No damage was immediately reported as a result of the quake.
On Saturday, a 3.6 magnitude quake struck at around 12:04 a.m. (PST) in the morning. The Los Angeles Times reported the quake to have been a shallow one, which reportedly occurred at a depth of 0 miles. Saturday's quake originated 26 miles from Barstow, according to the USGS. Prior to the quake on Saturday, the USGS Earthquake Notification Service hadn't reported any quakes with a magnitude of 3.0 or greater originating from the area. In relation to Barstow Heights, the quake on Saturday was 26 miles away and from Ridgecrest, 35 miles away. Sunday's quake was 23 miles from Johannesburg, 62 miles from Lancaster and 36 miles from Ridgecrest. Last month, a 4.7 magnitude quake sent a shockwave across several Midwest states. The quake's epicenter was located 9 miles southwest of Cherokee, Oklahoma. According to reports, it could be felt as far off as 1,200 miles from its epicenter. –IN
The Extinction Protocol | December 28, 2015 at 4:56 am |


text:
package com.google.api.server.spi.config.jsonwriter;

import com.google.api.client.util.ClassInfo;
import com.google.api.server.spi.ObjectMapperUtil;
import com.google.api.server.spi.config.ResourcePropertySchema;
import com.google.api.server.spi.config.ResourceSchema;
import com.google.api.server.spi.config.annotationreader.ApiAnnotationIntrospector;
import com.google.api.server.spi.config.model.ApiConfig;
import com.google.api.server.spi.config.model.Types;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
import com.google.common.reflect.TypeToken;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanDescription;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JavaType;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.AnnotatedField;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.AnnotatedMethod;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.BeanPropertyDefinition;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * Provider for a resource schema using Jacksons serialization configuration.
 */
public class JacksonResourceSchemaProvider extends AbstractResourceSchemaProvider {

  private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();

  @Override
  public ResourceSchema getResourceSchema(TypeToken<?> type, ApiConfig config) {
    ResourceSchema schema = super.getResourceSchema(type, config);
    if (schema != null) {
      return schema;
    }
    ObjectMapper objectMapper =
        ObjectMapperUtil.createStandardObjectMapper(config.getSerializationConfig());
    JavaType javaType = objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructType(type.getRawType());
    BeanDescription beanDescription = objectMapper.getSerializationConfig().introspect(javaType);
    ResourceSchema.Builder schemaBuilder = ResourceSchema.builderForType(type.getRawType());
    Set<String> genericDataFieldNames = getGenericDataFieldNames(type);
    for (BeanPropertyDefinition definition : beanDescription.findProperties()) {
      TypeToken<?> propertyType = getPropertyType(type, toMethod(definition.getGetter()),
          toMethod(definition.getSetter()), definition.getField(), config);
      String name = definition.getName();
      if (genericDataFieldNames == null || genericDataFieldNames.contains(name)) {
        if (hasUnresolvedType(propertyType)) {
          logger.atWarning().log("skipping field '%s' of type '%s' because it is unresolved.", name,
              propertyType);
          continue;
        }
        if (propertyType != null) {
          ResourcePropertySchema propertySchema = ResourcePropertySchema.of(propertyType);
          propertySchema.setDescription(definition.getMetadata().getDescription());
          schemaBuilder.addProperty(name, propertySchema);
        } else {
          logger.atWarning().log("No type found for property '%s' on class '%s'.", name, type);
        }
      } else {
        logger.atFine()
            .log("skipping field '%s' because it's not a Java client model field.", name);
      }
    }
    return schemaBuilder.build();
  }

  private static Set<String> getGenericDataFieldNames(TypeToken<?> type) {
    if (!Types.isJavaClientEntity(type)) {
      return null;
    }
    return ImmutableSet.copyOf(ClassInfo.of(type.getRawType(), false /* ignoreCase */).getNames());
  }

  private static boolean hasUnresolvedType(TypeToken<?> type) {
    Type javaType = type.getType();
    if (javaType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
      ParameterizedType p = (ParameterizedType) javaType;
      for (Type t : p.getActualTypeArguments()) {
        if (Types.isWildcardType(type.resolveType(t))) {
          logger.atWarning().log("skipping field of type '%s' because it is unresolved", type);
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  private static Method toMethod(AnnotatedMethod am) {
    if (am != null) {
      return am.getAnnotated();
    }
    return null;
  }

  @Nullable
  private TypeToken<?> getPropertyType(TypeToken<?> beanType, Method readMethod, Method writeMethod,
      AnnotatedField field, ApiConfig config) {
    if (readMethod != null) {
      // read method's return type is the property type
      return ApiAnnotationIntrospector.getSchemaType(
          beanType.resolveType(readMethod.getGenericReturnType()), config);
    } else if (writeMethod != null) {
      Type[] paramTypes = writeMethod.getGenericParameterTypes();
      if (paramTypes.length == 1) {
        // write method's first parameter type is the property type
        return ApiAnnotationIntrospector.getSchemaType(
            beanType.resolveType(paramTypes[0]), config);
      }
    } else if (field != null) {
      return ApiAnnotationIntrospector.getSchemaType(
          beanType.resolveType(field.getGenericType()), config);
    }
    return null;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Editing the landing page of a Ruby site Need a bit of help with a Ruby site. It was developed by an agency that closed its doors and now I'm the only left to maintain it. It uses a custom Ruby on Rails (I assume?) CMS. I only need to edit one line of static text but have no experience with Ruby at all. It's in a separate div but the page is generated on the fly and I have no idea where the text is pulled from. No amount of grepping yielded anything. Only thing I tracked down is that one of the slices has a line like

<%= textilize(slice.address) %>

This is where I need to change things but I'm stumped.

A: I actually managed to fix it in the meantime. I made a complete dump of the MongoDB database, edited it locally with a GUI then replaced it on the server. Hack job, I know, but it worked.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The longer I've worked with OKRs, the more I've felt the need to apply the distinction of "value-focused thinking" and "alternative-focused thinking" to the process of drafting OKRs. But before we talk about how to apply those principles to OKRs, here's an example of alternative and value-focused thinking in a setting we're all familiar with: eating in a restaurant.
In this case I came to the table knowing my values and used them as the basis for my decision making. Now let's look at how we can apply the distinction of "alternative-focused" versus "value-focused" thinking to OKRs.
You are searching Quora for a list of "standard KPIs or OKRs" for your functional area to use as the basis for drafting OKRs.
Your boss provides a list of potential OKRs and asks your team to determine the best based on the list provided.
What is the single most important objective for the next quarter? Why?
What are the key objectives you need to focus on to move toward your long-term vision?
Drafting OKRs should begin with you, and your team's vision, not a list of industry-standard KPIs published by a third party firm. The process of creating OKRs should be creative. It should reflect your VALUES, and those of everyone on your team.
Me: What is the most important area to focus on improving this next quarter?
Marketing Director: Improve the ROI of our marketing events and campaigns.
Me: How will we know at the end of the quarter that we've improved the ROI of our events and email campaigns?
Me: OK, but we don't need a list of all the things we're currently tracking, we just need a few key results that reflect the near-term improvement.
Marketing Director: We could go with improve email open rate.
Me: What's the current open rate?
Me: What would that need to be to really represent improvement?
Marketing: Are you kidding me, 4% is amazing – we just want to maintain it at 4%.
Me: OK, then this is a health metric, not a Key Results as OKRs are about improvement not maintenance.
Marketing: Makes sense. What we really need to improve is the ROI of marketing events, not just the emails we send out.
Me: How can we know if we've improved the ROI of these events?
Marketing: We don't really have metrics for that right now, it's complicated to measure.
Me: Can we come up with a way to measure the ROI for one event?
Marketing: Sure, but we'd need to have the ROI for 5-10 events to really get value. We don't even have a definition of ROI for an event.
Me: If it's really important, shall we establish a baseline to reflect the ROI of marketing events?
Marketing: Yes, but we don't need to measure ROI for all events, just the major events.
Me: How would we define a major event?
Marketing: That could be $50k total cost.
Me: Would that include the time your team dedicates to the event?
Marketing: Well, let's call it $100k+ fully-loaded cost.
Me: OK, how many major marketing events do you think you can report the ROI for over the next quarter?
Marketing: 5 easily, but 10 would be amazing.
Marketing: Yes, we should have that one.
For more on value-focused thinking, please see Ralph Keeney's site.
Focus: When you go on a hike, do you have a destination?


text:
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The Florida School Shooting & 3 Potential Legal Implications
By Kat S. Hatziavramidis, Esq.
On February 14, 2018, Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, was subject to a tragedy. 17 people were killed and 14 were wounded. See, e.g., NBC News, "Broward County Sherriff details timeline of Parkland Shooting," Video, Feb. 15, 2018, at https://www.nbcnews.com/video/florida-school-shooting-timeline-detailed-by-sheriff-1162718787706 (last visited Feb. 21, 2018). The deaths and injuries occurred after a man entered the school, went into classrooms, and began shooting at the students and adults inside. See id. This was the eighth school shooting in the United States in 2018, which is an alarming number. See The Guardian, "How many US school shootings have there been in 2018 so far?", Feb. 14, 2018. As a result of these grave events, people have responded with numerous requests to lawmakers about how to address gun violence.
Litigators have a unique position: they do not pass legislation, but they do deal with the aftermath of tragedies like the Parkland shooting. Survivors and victims' loved ones may turn to attorneys for legal redress, and attorneys should be aware of the potential civil options that exist to help. How the judicial system responds to these heartbreaking situations is extremely important, and litigation about the legal effects of such situations can, in turn, assist legislators, schools, and others in determining how to prevent future incidents. This article examines the role of attorneys and expert witnesses in addressing the Florida tragedy and mass shootings, focusing on some civil remedies that may be available to those forced to deal with the fallout.
People have responded to the Florida shooting in myriad ways, from marches against gun violence to calls for legislation. Attorneys play an important role in coping with this and similar tragedies, and civil litigation may provide avenues for some redress. What follows is a list of some ways in which attorneys may use the legal system to respond to tragedies like the one at Douglas High School.
(1). School/Personnel Liability:
One angle attorneys may consider involves whether the school or its employees may be liable for the shooting. A number of factors may help determine whether a school or its employees are legally at fault. With respect to the school itself, attorneys and courts will have to resolve several matters, including whether the school was negligent and could be responsible under a premises liability theory, whether sovereign immunity excuses a public school from liability, whether immunity shields school employees, and which employees (if any) may be legally accountable.
The general issue of public school liability for a shooting has been resolved in different ways, depending on the state. For example, family members of the victims of an Ohio school shooting sued the school and its administrators for negligence. See, e.g., Mark Gillespie, "Judge: Administrators not liable for Ohio school shooting," US News & World Report, Feb. 18, 2018. One day after the Florida shooting, an Ohio judge ruled that the administrators could not be held liable, and the court had previously decided that the school itself was not legally responsible. See id. In Indiana, however, an appellate court held that a school was not immune from liability when a shooting occurred on its premises. See, e.g., M.S.D. of Martinsville v. Jackson, 9 N.E. 3d 230 (Ind. App. 2014).
The law that would apply in the Florida shooting is somewhat unclear. Public schools are often treated as government entities and invoke sovereign immunity as a defense to litigation. However, one law review author set forth an argument for holding a Florida airport (and the county, which is also the county where the Parkland school is located) liable for a mass shooting that took place on its premises in 2017. See Rolando Pumariega, "Exploring an Alternative Way to Establish 'Foreseeability' in Negligent Security/Premises Liability Cases: How Adopting a Different Approach in Florida Could Subject Broward County to Liability for the Injuries and Deaths that Resulted from the Fort-Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport Shooting," St. Thomas Law Review, Mar. 17, 2017.
According to the Sherriff of Broward County, where the shooting occurred, the school and several teachers were aware of the shooter's past threatening behavior and had expelled him for disciplinary reasons. See, e.g., German Lopez & Jen Kirby, "Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Florida: what we know," Vox, Feb. 16, 2018, at https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/2/14/17013596/parkland-florida-high-school-shooting (last visited Feb. 21, 2018). In order to resolve potential legal claims against a public school, attorneys and courts will require the assistance of expert witnesses. For example, experts in premises liability, negligence, security, education, and government immunity can help determine whether a school bears any legal responsibility for shootings. In addition, experts in educational administration can play an important role in litigation of this kind. They can assess which (if any) individuals may have had a duty to protect individuals on school premises, and they can examine whether those duties were properly carried out. Foreseeability is often a factor in premises liability cases involving violent incidents, and experts can help address to what extent it is relevant to potential claims against a school or its employees.
(2). Commercial Liability:
After many mass shootings, individuals ask how shooters obtained the weapons and ammunition they used to commit such violence. In Florida, the shooter legally purchased the AR-15 style assault rifle and multiple magazines he used during the school shooting. See Bart Jansen, "Florida shooting suspect bought gun legally, authorities say," USA Today, Feb. 15, 2018. Gun manufacturers and dealers have a large degree of legal immunity from lawsuits because of the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCA), a federal law passed in 2005. See Zusha Elinson, "AR-15 Style Rifles: Popular and Easily Customized," The Wall Street Journal, Feb, 16, 2018.
However, the federal law's immunity is not universal and has six exceptions. One exception is "negligent entrustment," and the family of a victim of the Sandy Hook school shooting is currently suing the manufacturer, wholesaler, and seller of the gun that was used in that tragic incident. See, e.g., Tina Bellon, "Newtown families seek to hold gunmaker accountable in Connecticut court," Reuters, Nov. 14, 2017. That lawsuit is currently being reviewed and will be determined by the Connecticut Supreme Court. See id.
In Florida, some parties may suggest a relying upon a similar theory to file suit against gun-makers and dealers. Attorneys will require the guidance of expert witnesses to help determine whether a case for manufacturer/seller liability can be made. The experts who may weigh in on this matter are myriad: experts in product liability and firearms, gun sales/commerce, and marketing and advertising are all valuable. These witnesses can assess whether a manufacturer or dealer's ads and marketing were designed to appeal to certain types of people. See id.
One factor that may affect the outcome of actions to hold gun-makers and sellers legally accountable is what a gun's alleged purpose is, versus what the weapon is actually used for. One publication noted that the most deadly shootings since 2012 all involved similar weapons: an AR-15-style assault rifle. See Zusha Elinson, supra. This fact and other data that experts can provide may impact the outcome of lawsuits that request exceptions to the PLCA.
With respect to the Florida shooting, experts in the gun industry, firearm regulation, law enforcement, and marketing may help determine whether the specific facts in the Parkland tragedy should result in gun manufacturer and seller liability.
(3). Government Liability:
Public schools are frequently considered an extension of government actors and receive many of the same protections. However, in the Parkland case, there are several other government agents and organizations that some individuals feel are potentially liable. If the legal theory implicating Broward County for the mass shooting at a public airport is tenable, attorneys may consider suing that same county where the Douglas school shooting occurred. Others have suggested that the state of Florida bears some legal responsibility for failing to take certain precautions after the mass shooting at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando. Legal actions against state or local governments may arise, and the extent to which sovereign immunity applies may be an issue. The success of such lawsuits may hinge upon expert witnesses, who can provide information on whether state or local governments owe a particular duty to individuals and, if so, what that duty entails. Experts in negligence, constructive knowledge, local and state policy, immunity, and gun violence may help attorneys and courts determine the outcome of prospective cases.
In addition, the FBI was alerted to a post by the shooter on a 2017 YouTube video about his plan to be a "professional school shooter." See BBC News, "Florida shooting: FBI and teachers warned about Nikolas Cruz," Feb. 15, 2018. The FBI was also given information on January 5, 2018, which warned about the shooter's "gun ownership, desire to kill people, erratic behavior, and disturbing social media posts, as well as the potential of him conducting a school shooting," according to a statement it released. See, e.g., BBC News, "Florida school shooting: FBI under pressure over failure to act," Feb. 17, 2018. This information has led some individuals to consider whether the US government should face litigation over the Parkland shooting. Given that a judge recently allowed a group of children to sue the federal government for not protecting the environment (and therefore, endangering their health), cases involving the Florida shooting and using a similar legal theory could arise. In such an event, experts in law enforcement, federal immunity, firearms, and other areas may be the key to whether such actions succeed. Witnesses with expertise in negligence and what duty the federal government may have owed certain individuals would also be valuable in such lawsuits.
The school shooting at Douglas High School in Florida is "the deadliest school shooting in five years." Lopez & Kirby, supra. Many legal analysts are considering who bears legal responsibility for that tragedy. Aside from the criminal proceedings against the individual shooter, a number of civil lawsuits may arise in the aftermath. Attorneys contemplating various legal theories will be greatly assisted by expert witnesses, who can help resolve whether certain parties should be held liable. Litigation that arises in response to the shooting may help survivors and victim's loved ones find closure, and such lawsuits may also assist everyone to figure out how to best prevent future violence.
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Aberdare, Politics, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council, South Wales, The Valleys
Lost Heritage, No Future?
February 3, 2014 Steve O'Gorman Leave a comment
In which The Author attends a public meeting
Wales is a unique and enriching place in which to live and work, with a distinctive character. An understanding of what makes Wales Welsh, embedded in the collective subconscious, is built upon the foundations of Wales' oral and written history, its monuments and its heritage. The museums of Wales play a critical part in both preserving all of these and in sharing the excitement of their stories locally, nationally and internationally.
The recession we have experienced and the hard road we must now travel to recovery make it imperative that museums build on their tradition of working together to make effective use of the resources that will be available. I urge museums to develop different ways of working and in doing so to look beyond existing structures, to explore further joint working, and look for new, innovative ways to generate income.
I acknowledge that the next five years will not be easy and we must not underestimate the scale of the challenge facing museums striving to improve services in a time of economic difficulty. By developing new approaches, museums can continue their role in contributing to our social and economic well-being.
Alun Ffred Jones AM, Minister for Heritage in the Welsh Government, from the foreword to A Museums Strategy for Wales
Regular readers already know something about the savage spending cuts which my local authority, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council, are seeking to inflict on us in the next four financial years. Phase One was announced last year, and involved cutbacks to meals on wheels, day centres, nursery provision, and the library service, amongst other things.
In A Further Turn-out For the Books I listed the proposed library closures, which have now been approved by a majority vote. Then again, when the seventy-five strong council is made of fifty-nine Labour members, nine Plaid Cymru councillors, four Independents, one Conservative, one who doesn't seem to belong anywhere (according to their official website, anyway) and my pal Mike Powell (the sole Lib Dem), it was going to be impossible for the vote to go any other way.
Phase Two was announced a little while ago, and I've highlighted some of the resulting issues in earlier postings. This time, they're after soft targets: the borough's three theatres, Pontypridd Muni, Aberdare Coliseum and Treorchy Parc and Dare; the museums in Pontypridd and Aberdare; and the Rhondda Heritage Park. The plans are to close the Muni and both facilities in Pontypridd; to retain the other theatres with a 'limited programme', and to reduce the opening hours at the Heritage Park.
In order to mobilise opposition to the Cynon Valley Museum and Gallery closure, retired headteacher Tydfil Thomas pulled together an action committee drawn from across the community. Tonight, I attended a packed public meeting at Green Street Methodist Church in Aberdare, in which the arguments in favour of keeping the museum alive were rehearsed in considerable detail.
David Walters, the chairman of the Cynon Valley History Society, introduced a number of impassioned and cogently-argued speeches in defence of the facility. Detailed arguments for retaining the museum came from local historians, artists, teachers, councillors, and members of the public. Furthermore, letters objecting to the proposals have been sent to the council from Ann Clwyd MP, Christine Chapman AM, and Lord Aberdare, and we heard extracts from all of them.
Some interesting facts and figures were thrown about, including visitor numbers at the borough's attractions. Nearly fifty thousand people frequented the Cynon Valley Museum and Gallery in a twelve-month period – half as many again as the Heritage Park welcomed during the same time. It's a focal point for tourists, and appears in Wales' Top Ten Museums. It also has accredited museum status, which the Heritage Park doesn't. Forgive me for being cynical, but Cynon Valley has been the poor relation in the Rhondda Cynon Taf family since the unitary authority came into existence. It seems as though the favoured child is the Rhondda once again.
My old friend, historian and author Gwyn Morgan, gave a fiery address about the need to maintain the link between our past and our future, and highlighted the vital role of museums in keeping this connection alive. The other speakers, including local historian David Leslie Davies and Tyrone O'Sullivan of Tower Colliery fame, expanded on this theme. They made some fascinating observations about our Valley's role in Welsh history. We had both the first deep coal mine in Wales (in Cwmbach) and the last (Tower itself.) During the Merthyr Rising of 1831, the red flag was raised for the first time on Hirwaun Common. It is their connection to events like these which draw people to the museum from all parts of the world.
If, as has been claimed, the entire argument revolves purely around money, then we need to see more hard evidence. For example, if the museum staff are redeployed then no money would be saved on payroll. At one point, the council's own accounts were called into question. It was pointed out that revenue generated from commission on artwork sales, amongst other receipts, had not been taken into consideration. Councillor Karen Morgan (PC, Hirwaun) promised the meeting that she would pursue this issue with the necessary department. Meanwhile, a representative of UNISON stated that the staff have not been assured that they will be redeployed in the event of closure. As one speaker pointed out, the last thing we need at the moment is more job losses.
Someone else asked what would happen to the twenty thousand artefacts currently stored there, a great number of them donated by members of the public. It was also pointed out that it is housed in a Grade II listed building (part of the old Gadlys Ironworks), and that the building would have to be maintained whether the museum remained open or not.
Plenty of innovative ideas were outlined by Ann Watts, another of the speakers, and I'll run through just a few of them. A popular option seemed to be the establishment of a trust, to administer the facility at arm's length from the local authority. It was also suggested that volunteers could help to run the place, much as they do in the National Museum in Cardiff. The introduction of a small admission fee for adults would raise a substantial sum of money as well, judging from the visitor numbers. Someone else suggested linking to museums across the country, so that exhibits could be exchanged and a rolling programme of themed displays introduced. With the Welsh Government presently looking into a national strategy for museums it seems counter-intuitive to be talking about closing one of the most highly regarded museums in the country.
Coun Mike Forey (Lab, Aberdare East), a member of the cabinet who are faced with making these hard decisions, attended the meeting and admitted that he had difficulty separating his personal feelings from his civic responsibilities. However, he has also promised to look into the financial breakdown as well, and make sure that all revenue streams are taken into account when the decisions are made.
For now, at least, the ball is in our court. The public consultations on Phase 2 close on February 24th, and the relevant documents can be found on the council's website. Even if there seems little hope after the council consider the outcome, the place won't be closed overnight. We'll probably have until July to pull something together to keep the museum open.
In the meantime, reflect on RCTCBC's civic motto for a moment: Strong Heritage, Strong Future. Let's see if they'll put their money where their mouths are.
A Museums Strategy for Wales Welsh Government, 2013
AberdareCynon ValleyCynon Valley Museum and GalleryheritagehistorypoliticsRhondda Cynon TafRhondda Cynon TaffSouth WalesThe ValleysVanishing Valleys


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Emma Watson Net Worth in 2020
How much is Emma Watson Worth?
Gabriela N. Saturday, 18 March 2017, 12:44 0
Actor, Model
Paris, United States
Emma Watson Net Worth $80 million
Emma Watson salary $5,000,000
Emma Watson Net Worth: How rich is Emma Watson? & How much money is Emma Watson worth? Time to find out!
Emma Watson is a British actress, model and activist and her current net worth is $80 million.
Daughter of English lawyers Jacqueline Luesby and Chis Watson, the actress was born and raised in Paris until the age of five.
After her parents got divorced, Emma moved back to England to live with her mother while spending weekends in her father's house in London.
She knew she wanted to become an actress from the age of six and trained at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts, a part-time theatre school where she studied singing, dancing and acting.
When she was ten years old she had already performed in many Stagecoach productions and school plays. However, she has never acted professionally before the Harry Potter series.
Not many know this but Emma is a very smart woman, in June 2006 she took GCSE school examinations in ten subjects, and got eight A* and two A grades.
She rose to fame after her role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series, appearing in all eight films from 2001 to 2011, earning international recognition and more than £10 million.
While filming the Harry Potter films, Emma continued to work outside the set, leading her voice to The Tale of Despereaux (2008) and starring in the television adaptation of the novel Ballet Shoes.
Since then, everything in her career went smoothly with her being cast in leading roles on several films like The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012) and The Bling Ring (2013).
Other than that she made a short appearance as an exaggerated version of herself in This Is the End (2013) and played the main character's adopted daughter in Noah (2014).
In 2017, she portrayed Belle in a live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast.
The reason why you didn't see her in many films is because she split her time between working and continuing her education, studying at Brown University and Worcester College.
As a model, she was the face of some brands, and shot for campaigns for Burberry and Lancôme.
In January 2016, she started a feminist Goodreads book club: Our Shared Shelf. The aim of the group is to share feminist ideas and encourage discussion on the topic.
Recently she was criticized for a photograph published by Vanity Fair in which her breasts are partly visible. Some news accused her of hypocrisy and she handled it like a boss and saying that "is not a stick with which to beat other women", but is instead about freedom, liberation and equality. "I really don't see what my tits have to do with it".
It is so nice to see how this kid grew up to be the beautiful woman that she is today.
Emma Watson has been William Knight for almost two years now.
This wraps up our Emma Watson Net Worth profile!
How much is Leonardo DiCaprio Worth?
How much is Donald Trump Worth?


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