Does the general time spent on the web page concerns?
back in 2015 Google released the RankBrain feature for the search optimization. here's the algorithm learning AI gadget that learns how you engage with the hunt effects and rank the outcomes for the others based on the tips that it gathers.
when they released the Rankbrain it changed into used most effective for 15% of the entire search results, however now this feature is among the most crucial issues that have an effect on the hunt outcomes.
So let's say you've clicked on the second link and opened our collection of topics, you loved them and you browsed our catalog for quite some time. Then Rockbrain marks the 2nd influence as a very beneficial hyperlink. Then it makes the equal marks after examining the behavior of the other guests in our industry.
for example, you've opened the primary link with the free subject matters from WordPress. org, but you didn't like them trigger you've noticed that they look low-cost and you don't like them. You depart the site in just a few seconds, it capability that Rankbrain will mark this outcomes as a bad one and will flow it down very right now if the other friends consider the identical about it.
Does the usual time spent on the page count?
Let's take a look below the hood of these two facets. once we speak in regards to the common time a person spends to your page, we should spotlight the fact that RankBrain considers it to be the most crucial factor of the usefulness of your page.
if you search for some facts, you'll see that the ordinary time a person spends on the pages from the exact-10 is three minutes and 10 seconds.
It capability that if clients read your content more than three minutes, you're doing a great job and also you may still keep on.
The good judgment at the back of it is relatively elementary, cause if you reside on the web page for so long, it's evident that you just adore it or effortlessly consider it constructive and dig into this information as deep as crucial.
when we focus on the organic CTR we deserve to assessment one essential flaw that RankBrain has in accordance with one of the vital Google engineers.
in fact, the web page that gives a straight answer to your query within the snippet could be ranked lessen than the one that intrigues with the title and gives the reply on the page itself.
Is it fair? No. can we all ought to adapt to those rules? truly.
in case you are looking to comprehend a way to profit a far better biological CTR, i will provide you with to evaluate right here information and tricks.
So we've just reviewed the main ideas of how the Google's RankBrain works. It potential that now we can put this talents to an outstanding use.
as a result of the incontrovertible fact that RankBrain will still play an enormous position in the search rankings for the subsequent years, you need to develop into a real CTR-grasp and find out how to get a stronger CTR in case you are looking to get more and more visitors the 2018.
in accordance with the research facts, the overall CTR for the entire results went down with the aid of 35% because of the indisputable fact that Google began to provide the direct solutions to consumer's questions, maps, and different advantageous blocks.
It means that in 2018 your snippets should still attempt for getting the user's attention from the primary seconds.
Please, don't clickbait or i will be able to come and get you.
Write Deep content this is the factor that a few of you nonetheless don't need to remember. There is not any extra opportunity that you should include dozens of key phrases related to your subject in your text and consider that you'll get the good locations in the search effects.
Now Google now not most effective reviews your pages for the key phrases, it also looks for the context and precise answers to the person's questions and needs.
So best the articles and pages that cowl up the themes the most and give americans the deepest content could be capable of get to the exact.
Your page should still deliver actual value to the users, now not simply pop up with the crucial title or subheadings.
listed here are some easy methods to make sure you're looking deep adequate into the theme you wish to evaluation.
The textual content measurement is round 2000 phrases it is going to be sure that you cowl all of the details that any user wants to know concerning the theme or query he searched on Google.
As you can see, I've used a special platform that generates a list of LSI key phrases. Yeah, it's known as the LSI Graph and it's basically fantastic, simply are trying it out should you delivery writing your subsequent piece and you'll see how easy it receives with this device.
consumer Google search information well! As a user, you may notice a block on the backside of the Google search web page. It gives a number of counsel on the topic related inquiries, use them in your article and get an consideration form a much wider viewers.
Don't forget concerning the Google key phrase Planner It nonetheless can serve you because the most extensive data assortment related to the hunt inquiries and keywords.
bear in mind the Google cellular-First coverage in keeping with the newest Google analysis statistics, 60% of web clients seek the assistance the usage of their smartphones, drugs and other mobile contraptions. So Google's response to this came relatively quickly: Google announced that they will believe the cell edition of your web site as a major one however your website tourist is the usage of a computing device or any other computer laptop.
As you can see, it's effortless to interact with our blog and browse anything else you want, it doesn't basically count number what kind of gadget you study us on.
P.S. Do I really have to spotlight the undeniable fact that your web page may still have a responsive design in 2018?
if you don't recognize how to make sure that your web page looks wonderful on any machine, make certain you examine all of our greatest website templates, they're all responsive as hell.
Use YouTube and video content material to gain site visitors in keeping with the latest analysis records, the usual time individuals spend on YouTube doubled this year. Video content material remains the most excellent tool to deliver anything to this world and put your creativity to a fine use nowadays. since I've mentioned that, it is also a great website positioning device for you.
more and more people go straight to YouTube after they are looking to find the answer to some specific question, they even go away Google behind.
for instance, my friend lately instructed me that after he desires to get a deeper capabilities of a way to do something, he goes straight to YouTube. He realized the way to cook, iron his material and construct a brand new table the usage of YouTube and he is happy about it.
So if you beginning producing video content, that you may convey further and further individuals to your website. The handiest assignment you have got is to create a useful video, don't simply create movies for a goal of developing videos, get it?
start on this video-content educate when you have time, too many entrepreneurs are too lazy to work with a video still, so you have time to test with it.
Don't forget The links if you be aware all the things that we've discussed above, you nevertheless should bear in mind that search engine optimization is and always could be in regards to the content and links.
definitely, in case you don't have a pretty good content material and the entire mandatory links for your web page, you don't even need to care in regards to the RankBrain and other stuff, cause it's for those who already obtained onto the precise-10 page.


text:
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TNT AUTO SALES & SERVICES, INC.
AWARDED 2019 "JOE KRIER" INDIANA STATE QUALITY DEALER OF THE YEAR
The Indiana Independent Automobile Dealers Association is proud to announce TNT Auto Sales and Service, Inc. as our 2019"Joe Krier" Quality Dealer of the Year. This award was presented to Troy and Trent Davis at the Association's 32nd Anniversary Golf Tournament and Awards Day which was held on August 25th at Eagle Creek Golf Club in Indianapolis. The Quality Dealer of the Year is chosen based on several attributes. The dealership must be consumer oriented, and the dealer must have a record of good business decisions based on honesty and integrity. Also, the dealership must represent themselves as a civic leader within the community. TNT Auto Sales & Services, Inc. represents all of these attributes.
Trent and Troy Davis are twin brothers who followed in the footsteps of their father, Erwon, who always had a knack for turning wrenches. In 1988, during their senior year of high school, they opened a dealership in their hometown of Windfall, Indiana with four cars. After school they turned wrenches trying to turn a small profit. This was the start of brighter things to come.
The next four years were prosperous times for the Davis family. They opened a collision center at their Windfall dealership and a 2nd location in Kokomo Indiana. The dealership on East Boulevard in Kokomo became the foundation of their sales and success for many years to follow. A 3rd dealership was latter added on Markland Avenue in Kokomo. In 2018 the Markland dealership was renovated to a state of the art facility complete with Auto and Harley showrooms. They have certainly grown, retailing over 1,100 units last year.
TNT Auto Sales & Services, Inc. truly is a family business. Trent and Troy's children began working in the dealerships while Trent and Troy passed down the same values to their children that were passed down to them from their father. They have succeeded not only from their commitment to working hard and a proven pattern of taking care of their customers but the TEAM (Together Everyone Achieves More) approach. Everyone at TNT Auto Sales & Services, Inc. lives by the Company motto "Your satisfaction is our FUTURE." At TNT Sales & Services, Inc. after the sale is just as important as making the sale. The Davis family portrays Integrity, Honesty, and a true Dedication to their employees, customers and suppliers.
TNT Auto Sales and Services, Inc. will represent Indiana at the National Independent Automobile Dealers Association Convention in Las Vegas, June 2020. They will compete with Quality Dealers from other states for the National Quality Dealer Award. The primary purpose of the Indiana Independent Automobile Dealers Association is to address legal and legislative issues that confront the used car industry and to promote the businesses of its members while serving the public interest. The Indiana Independent Automobile Dealers Association has supported independent used car dealers in Indiana for more than 32 years. The association is proud to have TNT Auto Sales & Services, Inc. as this year's "Quality Dealer of the Year."
Congratulations to TNT Auto Sales & Services, Inc.!
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text:
Концепція балансування випливає з теорії балансу сил, найвпливовішої теорії реалістичної школи думки, яка передбачає, що формування гегемонії в багатоступеневій системі недосяжне, оскільки гегемонія сприймається як загроза з боку інших держав, викликаючи їх залучення до балансування проти потенційного гегемона.

Балансування охоплює дії, які певна держава чи група держав вживають, щоб вирівняти шанси проти більш потужних держав; тобто зробити це складніше, а отже, ймовірніше, що потужні держави можуть використовувати свою військову перевагу над слабшими.

Відповідно до теорії балансу сил, держави, вмотивовані насамперед своїм прагненням до виживання та безпеки, розвиватимуть то впроваджуватимуть військові можливості та жорсткі силові механізми, щоб стримувати найпотужніший та зростаючий стан, який може довести потенційну загрозу. Ця ідея ілюструє концепцію внутрішнього балансування, яка протистоїть зовнішньому, за якої держави об'єднуються та утворюють альянс, щоб збалансувати та отримати більше важелів над домінуючою чи зростаючою силою. Останніми роками м'яке балансування виникло як нова концепція, що ілюструє, як держави врівноважують потужних суб'єктів, що виступає за використання економічних та дипломатичних інструментів для обмеження найпотужнішої держави та гальмування їх здійснення влади та домінування.

Теоретичні витоки
Балансуюча поведінка держав зумовлена структурними характеристиками самої системи енергетичного балансу. Ця віра рішуче виконується теоретиками неореалізму чи структурного реалізму, а саме Кеннетом Вальсом, який є одним із найбільш ранніх і найбільш значущих учасників неореалізму та теорії балансу сил.

Неореалістична теорія робить кілька припущень щодо системи, інтересів та мотивів акторів всередині неї та обмежень, з якими стикаються всі держави, що врешті-решт призводить до поведінки, такої як балансування.

Перше припущення полягає в тому, що міжнародний порядок є анархічним, що є головною причиною балансування поведінки держав. Анархія або відсутність всеохоплюючого правоохоронного органу неминуче змушує держави покладатися на свої індивідуальні ресурси та дії, щоб забезпечити їхній добробут, внаслідок чого кожна держава стає відповідальністю та вимогою шукати власне виживання та безпеку, та показувати готовність до протидії силі та агресії з боку інших суб'єктів.

Друге припущення полягає в тому, що головна мета всіх суб'єктів – їх власне виживання. Як мінімум, вони просто прагнуть до власного збереження, тоді як інші можуть мати більше експансіоністських мотивів і прагнути до загального панування. Збалансованість, отже, стає інструментом, за допомогою якого держави використовують доступні їм засоби для досягнення своїх цілей та інтересів; тобто захистити себе від більш загрозливих акторів або посилити свою силу та спроможність. Це призводить до поняття самодопомоги, яке позначається принциповою дією всіх дійових осіб за анархічним порядком. Держави повинні покладатися на власні засоби та домовленості, щоб забезпечити свою безпеку – це діяти у власних інтересах, щоб уникнути жертви більш потужної держави. Це неминуче призводить до того, що держави повинні вести себе так, як це було визначено співвідношенням сил.

Третє припущення – відносний характер влади. Запорукою безпеки та виживання кожної держави є влада не як абсолютна концепція, а скоріше у відносинах до інших держав, і балансування часто може використовуватися як механізм отримання більшої частки влади або зменшення частки влади, якою володіє інша держава.

Традиційні форми
Балансування може здійснюватися за допомогою внутрішніх чи зовнішніх зусиль та засобів. Внутрішнє збалансування передбачає зусилля щодо посилення влади держави шляхом збільшення економічних ресурсів та військової сили, щоб можна було покладатися на незалежні можливості у відповідь на потенційного гегемона та мати можливість більш ефективно конкурувати в міжнародній системі. В анархічній системі самодопомоги вважають, що механізми внутрішнього балансування є більш надійними та точними, ніж зовнішнє врівноваження, оскільки вони спираються на незалежні стратегії та дії.

Зовнішнє балансування передбачає зміцнення та розширення своїх альянсів та міждержавного співробітництва, щоб запобігти гегемону чи протистояти зростаючій силі. За умови загальної загрози та єдиної домінуючої держави, яка може поставити під загрозу колективну безпеку та виживання, від держав, як очікується, відмовляться від своїх вторинних суперечок та вступати в балансуючий союз. Зовнішнє балансування являє собою домовленість про альянс, згідно з якою держави приєднуються до опозиції до сильнішої держави, яка сприймається як джерело небезпеки, роблячи цей вид вид балансування мірою забезпечення безпеки шляхом комбінованого протистояння агресору чи потенційному гегемону, який може загрожувати добробуту і виживанню менших держав.

У системі балансу енергії балансування протистоїть концепції пропускної спроможності, коли менші держави прагнуть досягти своєї безпеки шляхом об'єднання з основною владою або домінуючим актором. Оскільки цей варіант може бути привабливим для менших держав, він може погіршити безпеку міжнародної системи, оскільки вступ до союзу з країною, що зростає, потенційно експансіоністською мовою, агресія та експансіоністичні мотиви отримують винагороду та приймаються. У інтересах держав створювати коаліції з іншими державами, що мають подібну чи меншу владу, з метою розбудови їх оборонних та стримувальних можливостей, завдяки цьому відштовхують і не дозволяють зростаючій силі стати занадто сильною і домінуючою. Зрештою, як підсумував Вальс, «держави…стікаються в слабку сторону, бо це сильніша сторона, яка загрожує їм».

Чому держави балансують
Держави балансують, щоб уникнути домінування сильних держав. В інтересах держав приборкати потенційного гегемона до того, як він стане занадто потужним, щоб вони не стали жертвою його правління, коли він досягне статусу домінуючої влади. Це стає більш безпечною альтернативою або покращити власні можливості через механізми самодопомоги, або вступити в союзи з державами, які не можуть легко домінувати, щоб стримувати та зупиняти того, хто може потенційно домінувати над системою та підірвати виживання акторів всередині неї.

Інша причина, чому держави в більшості випадків вибирають баланс, а не пропускну здатність, полягає в тому, що приєднання до балансуючого альянсу дозволяє їм мати більший вплив і відігравати важливішу роль у цьому союзі, тоді як альянс з великою державою не дає їм можливості для великого внеску і рішучої спроможності, оскільки в них неминуче пануватиме їхній могутній союзник. Держави вважають за краще свою свободу дій в союзі, а не наказувати їм накази шляхом узгодження з потенційним гегемоном. Якщо держави є надзвичайно вразливими та незначними, то їхній вибір може бути єдиним, проте середні сили та держави, які мають щось внести та захистити, завжди будуть балансувати перед наростаючою силою та потенційним гегемоном.

Існує ряд факторів, які впливають на рішення держав про балансування або пропускну здатність, як запропонував Свівен Волт у своєму звіті про формування альянсу. По-перше, це сукупна влада, яка становить ресурси та можливості держави. Цей конкретний фактор може спровокувати балансування, коли держава з високою сукупною потужністю є потенційною загрозою і може викликати побоювання за панування в менших державах, але це може так само легко призвести до перемоги, оскільки менші держави можуть бути залучені до влади та захисту від сильного союзника. Другий фактор – це найближча потужність, завдяки якій географічно близькі держави становлять більшу загрозу, ніж далекі, оскільки здатність проектувати потужність падає з відстані. Знову-таки, агресивна і все більш потужна сусідська держава, ймовірно, насторожує інші держави брати участь у стратегіях балансування проти неї, однак малі, слабкі та вразливі держави, що знаходяться в сусідстві з великою державою, часто схильні до балансування через відсутність життєздатних альтернатив, неможливість балансувати самостійно або сприяти балансуючому альянсу. Наступальна влада – третій фактор, який свідчить про те, що держави, що мають великі і зростаючі наступальні можливості, можуть спровокувати інших, щоб протистояти їм. Четвертий фактор стосується образливих намірів, коли сприйняті агресивні чи експансіоністські цілі або мотиви держави приводять інших до балансування проти цього.

Традиційно, врівноваження переважало в розумінні поведінки держав в умовах гегемонії, а також у розумінні того, як складаються альянси. Однак важко оскаржувати зростаючу тенденцію до пропускної спроможності, а не до балансування, виявленого протягом останніх десятиліть поширеності Сполучених Штатів (США). Ця тенденція показала, що для того, щоб шукати захисту чи від страху, держави обирають об'єднатися з наддержавою та прийняти умови, які її завдають міжнародній системі.

Невдачі та критика
І внутрішня, і зовнішня форми балансування стикаються з неабиякою часткою перешкод, проблем та критики. Внутрішньому балансуванню піддається ряд внутрішніх перешкод, які можуть перешкоджати його успіху. Серед великих витрат, пов'язаних із цим, і складне завдання розподілу ресурсів, щоб мати можливість зробити вагомий внесок у економічний та військовий розвиток, є одними з основних. Крім того, незалежне балансування великої сили потребує значного розширення своїх можливостей та прискореного переозброєння, що, безсумнівно, спровокує несприятливі реакції не тільки від великої держави, про яку йдеться, але й інших держав. Держава, яка приймає стратегію військового нарощування, щоб підвищити свою безпеку і збалансувати зростаючу силу, може ненавмисно зробити протилежне і створити несприятливі умови для всіх у міжнародній системі. Це неминуче може спричинити дилему щодо безпеки, при якій збільшення сили та безпеки однієї держави зменшує силу іншої та компенсує наступальні дії, потенційні перегони озброєнь та посилення ворожнечі серед суб'єктів, що заважає колективній безпеці.

Зовнішнє балансування, навіть якщо це більш практична форма балансування, зустрічається з різними перешкодами та критикою. Його успіх залежить від стійкої та цілісної системи альянсу, проте, враховуючи структурні обмеження міжнародної системи, це може бути важко досягти та забезпечити. Анархічна природа міжнародної системи разом з основною метою виживання держав суттєво викликає підхід самодопомоги від усіх держав, завдяки чому надійність та довіра до інших суб'єктів значно підриваються. Однак альянси формуються, незважаючи на ці структурні перешкоди, але вони розглядаються як тимчасові домовленості, на які не слід надмірно покладатися.

Міжнародна система піддається постійним умовам невпевненості та невизначеності щодо намірів та дій суб'єктів, що входять до неї, що ускладнює досягнення та підтримку співпраці. Крім того, зовнішнє врівноваження потрапляє в проблематику «гри координації» та проблему колективних дій, в якій важко підтримувати довгострокове співробітництво, відданість та вірний внесок у справу. Існують потужні стимули для вільного використання зусиль інших, що дозволяє уникнути витрат і ризиків, користуючись вигодами альянсу.

Оскільки окремі учасники альянсу мають однаковий інтерес і цілі на увазі, щоб збалансувати основні сили, що зростають, логічно випливає, що всі в цьому союзі будуть діяти від імені спільних інтересів і цілей. Однак, незважаючи на те, що існує сподівання на розподіл витрат і зусиль для досягнення спільної мети, альянси та групи демонструють тенденцію до експлуатації та непослідовну відданість та внесок серед учасників. Манкур Олсон, один з провідних теоретиків колективних дій, визначив, що незважаючи на те, що всі члени спільного інтересу мають спільні інтереси, у груп (або альянсів для цієї мети) немає загальної зацікавленості в оплаті витрат на досягнення колективної вигоди, що робить проблематичним досягнення кінця і важко підтримувати союз.

Однак основна критика, що стосується теорії балансу сил та згодом балансуючої поведінки держав, підкреслює, що ця логіка означає і стосується періоду піднесення гегемона: держави зійдуться разом і збалансують зростаючу силу, яка має потенціал або демонструє амбіції до того, щоб стати гегемоном, хоча говорить дуже мало і не робить прогнозів щодо подій, коли гегемонія вже встановлена.

Таким чином, ця теорія і складність поведінки держави не відповідає поясненням подій на сьогоднішньому світовому кордоні. В даний час США користуються усталеним пріоритетом, за потужністю та можливостями значно перевершують, ніж інші держави. Ні в якому іншому періоді історії не було переваги домінування однієї держави над іншими настільки великим, що робить традиційним застосування теорії балансу сил та прогнозів балансування поведінки від вторинних сил.

Сьогодні: аргумент м'якого балансування
Кеннет Вальц запропонував, що однополярність є найбільш нестабільною і "найменш міцною з усіх міжнародних конфігурацій", оскільки навіть якщо домінуюча влада діє доброзичливо, вторинним державам потрібно буде залишатися обережними щодо своїх майбутніх намірів і дій за відсутності стримувань, противаг і рівної сили, щоб збалансувати та стримати її. Історичні випадки великої незбалансованої сили, такі як Людовик XIV і правління Адольфа Гітлера над Німеччиною, бачили агресивні та експансіоністичні мотиви, спрямовані на завоювання та домінування, отже, спровокували вирішальну потребу в балансуванні в екземплярі єдиної домінантної держави з метою приведення у рівновагу міжнародного розподілу влади.

У сучасному однополярному світі, враховуючи проблеми і труднощі, пов'язані як із внутрішніми, так і з зовнішніми формами жорсткого балансування, м'яке балансування виявилося більш сприятливим варіантом для вторинних сил, завдяки невійськовим засобам, намагатися "затримати, перешкодити та підірвати" дії, стратегії та односторонні рішення однополярного лідера, США. Прихильники м'якого балансування запропонували низку механізмів, за допомогою яких держави втягуються в цю форму балансування, включаючи дипломатію, дипломатичні коаліції, міжнародні інститути та угоди, державні механізми, такі як територіальна відмова, а також економічні ініціативи та багатосторонні та регіональні економічні зусилля, які здатні виключити наддержаву в процесі.

Провідність США не збалансовувалась протягом останнім десятиліть, головним чином тому, що наддержава демонструвала неагресивні підходи, не прагнучи домінувати чи оскаржувати суверенне існування інших, а скоріше сприяла безпеці та автономії всіх. Однак, стверджується, що посилення односторонності США, особливо в адміністрації Буша, змінило імідж доброякісної наддержави та зробило зарубіжні уряди занепокоєними щодо її амбіцій. Ряд агресивних та односторонніх зовнішньополітичних курсів, найбільш значущими з яких були відмова від Кіотського протоколу, вихід з Договору про протибалістичну ракету та найголовніше - рішення про початок війни в Іраку в 2003 році, незважаючи на велику протидію інших держав, призвели до проводження  другорядними державами непрямих стратегій м'якого балансування для обмеження влади США та запобігання її становлення "необмеженим глобальним гегемоном".

Вторгнення в Ірак часто використовується як один з ключових інцидентів, який змусив великі держави переосмислити власну безпеку і вдатися до м'якого балансування проти однополярності, оскільки це виявилося не просто стратегією, спрямованою на припинення розповсюдження ядерної зброї країнами-ізгоями, а скоріше викликом до норми територіальної цілісності  - агресивне втручання США в регіон, який не є власністю, який продемонстрував прихильність США вжити будь-яких необхідних дій для того, щоб їх перевагу і першість ніхто не оскаржував.

Майбутнє
Поняття м'якого балансування хоча і не відносно нове і не є загальновизнаним, формується як спосіб, яким держави будуть вступати в балансування в майбутньому. Незважаючи на те, що навряд чи вдасться внести якісь суттєві зміни до співвідношення сил у міжнародній царині, він виявляє потенціал у обмеженні основної влади та дозволі вторинним державам мати свій внесок у міжнародні справи та підтримувати свою автономію під пануванням однополярного лідера.

Однак, це не означає, що традиційне і жорстке балансування - це минуле. Дійсно, деякі політичні та аргументовані думки випливають із політичної та академічної сфер, що вказують на швидке виникнення зростаючих держав, а саме Китаю та Індії, як балансирів та конкурентів США у прагненні на владу, домінування та в кінцевому рахунку гегемонію. Основним аргументом є те, що співвідношення сил, запропоноване Вальсом, все ще стосується епохи після холодної війни.

Китай, безсумнівно, виступає як найбільш достовірна держава, яка має найбільший потенціал протягом наступного десятиліття або двох, щоб змінити баланс сил влади від верховенства США. Китай пережив як "грізного політичного, стратегічного та економічного конкурента"  Сполучених Штатів, все більше ставивши під сумнів своє регіональне та глобальне лідерство. Незважаючи на претензії на мирний підйом, головним чином орієнтовані на економічне процвітання, світ стає все більш усвідомленим і занепокоєним військовою експансією та модернізацією Китаю, при цьому його військовий бюджет збільшився на 17,5% у 2008 році та на 18,5% у 2009 році, порівняно з попереднім роком. Спостерігаючи за тим, як економічне та військове зростання Китаю відповідає логіці внутрішнього врівноваження, не дивно, що його заява про "мирне зростання" все частіше підозрюється у тому, що вона створює виклик для поточного світового порядку та балансування. Крім того, можна також виявити механізми м'якого балансування, оскільки зростання регіональних партнерств та угод конпенсувало нову регіональну інтеграцію з Китаєм у центрі, де США виключені з участі, найважливішим прикладом якої є вільна торгівля АСЕАН-Китай. Площа створена з січня 2010 року. Виникнення нових основних держав, безумовно, призведе до зміни динаміки балансу сил, незалежно від рівня та інтенсивності, на якій ці сили вирішили збалансувати однополярного лідера. Навіть якщо Китай та інші країни, що розвиваються, утримуються від збалансування США, то розмір їхньої економіки, спроможності та військової сили, безсумнівно, поставить певні обмеження для свободи стратегічних дій в США, здатності впливати, домінувати та проектувати владу в майбутньому.

Примітки
1.^Jack S. Levy, "What do Great Powers Balance Against and When?" in T.V. Paul, J.J. Wirtz and M. Fortmann (eds) Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), 37.

2.^Robert A. Pape, "Soft Balancing against the United States", International Security, 30: 1 (2005): 36.

3.^Kenneth N. Waltz, "Realism and International Politics" (New York: Routledge, 2008), 137.

4.^Stephen G. Brooks and William C. Wohlforth, "World out of Balance" (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 22.

5.^Kenneth N. Waltz, "Theory of International Relations" (Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1979).

6.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 122.

7.^Kenneth N. Waltz, "Man, the State and War" (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959), 188.

8.^John J. Mearsheimer "The Tragedy of the Great Power Politics", in Anarchy and the Struggle for Power (New York: Norton, 2001), 30.

9.^Waltz, "Man, the State and War", 160.

10.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 118.

11.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 111.

12.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 118.

13.^Waltz, "Man, the State and War", 210.

14.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 168

15.^William C. Wohlforth, Stuart J. Kaufman and Richard Little, "Introduction: Balance and Hierarchy in International System", in William C. Wohlforth, Stuart J. Kaufman and Richard Little (eds) The Balance of Power in World History, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 9-10.

16.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 168.

17.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 118.

18.^Wohlforth et al. "Introduction", 9.

19.^Stephen Walt, "Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power", International Security, 9: 4 (1985): 4.

20.^Thazha Varkey Paul, "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy", International Security, 30: 1 (2005): 52.

21.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 127.

22.^Walt, "Alliance Formation", 5.

23.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 127.

24.^Walt, "Alliance Formation", 15.

25.^Walt, "Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power".

26.^Walt, "Alliance Formation", 9.

27.^Walt, "Alliance Formation", 10.

28.^Walt, "Alliance Formation", 11.

29.^Pape, "Soft Balancing against the United States", 15.

30.^Robert Jervis, "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma", World Politics, 30: 2 (1978): 160

31.^Jeffrey W. Taliaferro, "Security Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Revisited", International Security, 25: 3 (2000): 129.

32.^Mearsheimer, "The Tragedy of the Great Power Politics", 33.

33.^Waltz, "Theory of International Relations", 105.

34.^ Pape, "Soft Balancing against the United States", 16.

35.^Brooks & Wohlforth, "World out of Balance", 35-36.

36.^Mancur Olson, "The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups", (Harvard University Press, 1971), 2-3.

37.^Olson, "The Logic of Collective Action", 21.

38.^Brooks & Wohlforth, "World out of Balance", 22-23.

39.^Waltz, "Realism and International Politics", 214.

40.^Pape, "Soft Balancing against the United States", 7-25.

41.^Paul, "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy"

42.^Dall'Agnol, Augusto C. "Balancing in unipolarity: who is afraid of balance of power?"  Vol. 7, No. 3 (2018), pp. 494-515.

43.^Barry Desker, "New Security Dimensions in the Asia-Pacific", Asia-Pacific Review, 15: 1 (2008): 62.

44.^Heldon W. Simon, "Alternative Visions of Security in the Asia Pacific", Pacific Affairs, 69: 3 (1996): 386.

45.^The People's Republic of China - Information Office of the State Council. "China's National Defence in 2010 – White Paper" (2011), 32.

46.^Evelyn Goh, "Great Powers and Hierarchical Order in Southeast Asia Analyzing Regional Security Strategies", International Security, 32: 3 (2007): 140.

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text:
Baseball Coaching Staff
Kerrick Jackson
Position: Head Coach
Alma Mater: Nebraska
Major: Sociology
Email: Kerrick_jackson@subr.edu
Prior to joining Southern University as Head Baseball Coach, Kerrick Jackson served as an MLB Certified Player Agent for the Boras Corporation, where he was responsible for identifying, evaluating and recruiting premier amateur baseball players from across the country, along with helping them prepare for the MLB Amateur Draft.
Coach Jackson spent five seasons at the University of Missouri, where he served as the program's recruiting coordinator and assistant coach, working with the Tiger's hitters, outfielders, and infielders. While at Mizzou, Jackson left his imprint on the program's overall success. This was highlighted by back to back trips to the Big XII Championship game, culminating with the programs first Big XII Championship in 2012. Jackson's 2012 recruiting class was dubbed 24th nationally by Baseball America, bolstered by the commitment from the nation's No. 72 prospect, Alec Rash, a power arm from Iowa. The 19-player class included three players who were selected in the MLB Draft (Rash, Keeton Steele, and Josh Lester), with Rash being the highest drafted high school player (2nd Round) to elect to go to school.
As great coaches do, Jackson continued to strive for the best for Mizzou and his final recruiting class was a consensus Top 30 class in 2014, ranking as high as 12th nationally by Baseball America. In 2015, Jackson's recruiting classes bore fruit as the Tigers won 15 games in the SEC, and were ranked as high as 12th in the country. His recruiting efforts cement his status as one of the top talent evaluators in the nation.
Before his years at Mizzou, Jackson was the Midwest Area Scouting Supervisor for the Washington Nationals, overseeing all scouting in Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota and North Dakota.
Prior to joining the Nationals, Jackson spent two years as assistant head coach at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. While at Nicholls he was in charge of the pitching staff, as well leading the recruiting efforts for the program.
Jackson also spent time as an assistant coach at Jefferson College in Hillsboro, MO, where he was the pitching coach and spearheaded the recruiting efforts. He also served as the Student-Athlete Success Coordinator at Jefferson College, developing a program that helped to ensure a smooth academic transition to all colleges and universities.
The first collegiate coaching stint for Jackson came at Fairfield University in 2000-2001. Following that, he spent one year as an assistant at Emporia State (2001-2002) and one season as assistant head coach at Coffeyville Community College (2002-03).
Jackson has also coached in several summer leagues, including the New England Collegiate Baseball League (NECBL) and the esteemed Cape Cod League. Jackson coached the MINK League Sluggers in back-to-back NBC World Series the summers of 2002 and 2003. In 2006, he coached a United States team to a Gold medal at an international tournament in Holland. In 2015 Jackson managed Team Brave to a Gold medal in the Tournament of Stars.
Jackson spent two years playing baseball at St. Louis Community College at Meramec, where the team finished third at the JUCO World Series. Following that, he attended one year at Bethune-Cookman University, leading the squad to its first-ever conference championship and regional. Jackson concluded his collegiate career at Nebraska, where he graduated in 1999.
Jackson is a native of St. Louis, MO. He and his wife, Talia, have two sons, Zion and Lazarus.


This problem is typical for many mansubat (shatranj problems): White is almost mated: it is easy to see that if black were to move, he can mate white in one move (here: R h6 - h8). However, it is white's turn to play, and white can continue to give check to black, until he mates black.
King f3, Rook g7, h6; Knight b7, c5; Elephant d6; Pawns a5, g6. (8 pieces).


text:
The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods
Catherine B Asher
Art History (Twin Cities)
The Islamic Heritage of Bengal
George Michell
Asher, C. B. (1984). The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods. In G. Michell (Ed.), The Islamic Heritage of Bengal (pp. 193-212). UNESCO.
The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods. / Asher, Catherine B.
The Islamic Heritage of Bengal. ed. / George Michell. Paris : UNESCO, 1984. p. 193-212.
Asher, CB 1984, The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods. in G Michell (ed.), The Islamic Heritage of Bengal. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 193-212.
Asher CB. The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods. In Michell G, editor, The Islamic Heritage of Bengal. Paris: UNESCO. 1984. p. 193-212
Asher, Catherine B. / The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods. The Islamic Heritage of Bengal. editor / George Michell. Paris : UNESCO, 1984. pp. 193-212
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T1 - The Mughal and Post-Mughal Periods
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Thyroid Eye Disease, also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy, is an inflammatory eye condition which affects a small percentage of people with Graves' Disease, as well as some people with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. It involves the same antibodies which attack the thyroid gland, as these antibodies can also attack the tissues of the eyes. Of those people this condition does affect, only a small percentage will have severe symptoms. The good news is that this condition will self-resolve in most people, but it still can cause problems that remain, most commonly exophthalmos (bulging eyes).
Although this condition usually self-resolves, sometimes conventional medical treatment is necessary to help manage the symptoms. For example, corticosteroids are used in some cases to help with the inflammation. And in some cases more extreme treatment methods are used, such as radiation, immunosuppressant drugs, and sometimes even surgery.
Natural Thyroid Treatment Methods To The Rescue?
Can natural thyroid treatment methods cure thyroid eye disease, or prevent it from developing for someone who currently isn't stricken with this condition? Let's first answer the second question. If someone has Graves' Disease or Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and is following a natural treatment protocol, if this is successful in restoring their health back to normal then it should prevent thyroid eye disease from developing. And even if it doesn't completely cure their condition, since this protocol will help to strengthen the immune system and optimize their overall health, there still is a good chance it will prevent the occurrence of thyroid eye disease.
On the other hand, for someone who already has thyroid eye disease, natural thyroid treatment methods still can help. However, it isn't always successful, especially in severe cases. For example, if someone has exophthalmos, following a natural thyroid treatment protocol might not help to reverse this. Does this mean that someone with severe symptoms shouldn't follow a natural thyroid treatment protocol? Not necessarily, as while there are cases where such a protocol can't reverse thyroid eye disease, in many cases it can either reverse the process or at the very least manage the symptoms without you having to worry about the side effects which are common with conventional medical treatment. So while there are no guarantees, it definitely is worth a try in my opinion.
Some studies show that radioactive iodine therapy can worsen thyroid eye disease, although this doesn't happen in all patients. Anyone who has read my previous articles realizes that I'm not a big fan of RAI, even when people don't have thyroid eye disease. While some people do need to receive radioactive iodine therapy, it usually should be a last resort, after everything else has been tried. So whether or not you have thyroid eye disease, in my biased opinion I would highly recommend that you at least consider giving natural thyroid treatment methods a try.
For those people who do receive radioactive iodine therapy and have an increase in their thyroid eye disease symptoms, in most cases corticosteroids will be recommended. If you have thyroid eye disease and received RAI, and are now experiencing a worsening of your symptoms, you might wonder at this point whether or not natural thyroid treatment methods would be effective. Even with people who have received radioactive iodine therapy, natural thyroid treatment methods can potentially help. While there is no guarantee that someone who has received radioactive iodine therapy can have their condition completely cured, some people can have their health restored back to normal if their thyroid gland wasn't completely obliterated, and many others who can't be cured still can benefit greatly from following such a protocol.
Treatment Option #1: Conventional Medical Treatment. As mentioned above, there are numerous medical treatment approaches depending on your condition. Many people with this condition are prescribed steroids to help with the inflammation. Others with more severe symptoms might receive more harsh treatment procedures. I'm not going to sit here and bash these medical treatments, as sometimes they can do a good job of managing the symptoms, which no doubt is important. On the other hand, just like any other type of medical treatment, they can also lead to different side effects. So if you do choose the medical treatment option, just keep in mind that this is usually just a temporary solution, although this might be fine since many times this condition will self resolve anyway.
Treatment Option #2: Natural Thyroid Treatment Methods. I'm obviously biased towards using a holistic treatment approach, as my goal is always to try to get to the root cause of the problem. Once again, I do think symptom management is important, and because of this, sometimes it is necessary to take drugs. However, in my opinion this should be temporary if at all possible, as if one chooses a natural thyroid treatment protocol and at the same time takes medication to control their symptoms, then I see nothing wrong with this. On the other hand, for those people who simply take the advice of their medical doctor without wanting to try to restore their health back to normal, I'd be lying if I told you that this doesn't frustrate me.
I realize that many people are skeptical when it comes to both the safety and effectiveness of natural thyroid treatment methods. I just wonder why they aren't just as worried about the potential short-term and long-term side effects of the conventional medical treatment. When following a natural thyroid treatment protocol, in most cases the worst case scenario involves the person not responding. With regards to receiving medical treatment, the worst case scenario is usually an extreme exacerbation of their symptoms. Actually, it can be worse than this, as there is always the risk of fatalities when receiving any type of surgery, and even with corticosteroids, although in the latter case it usually takes years for these drugs to lead to serious health issues which can cause death. But my point is that there is usually very little risk in treating your thyroid eye disease condition naturally under the guidance of a competent holistic doctor, but there can be substantial risks with taking the medical route.
Treatment Option #3: Combining Conventional & Natural Treatment Methods. As I briefly mentioned earlier, this is an option I have nothing against. Some people want to try to restore their health back to normal, but at the same time want to take medication to help manage their symptoms until the natural thyroid treatment methods "kick in". To be frank, when dealing with a condition such as Graves' Disease, not only am I supportive of this approach, but in many cases I would actually recommend it. My concern is not so much the progression of the thyroid eye disease, but rather that the symptoms of Graves' Disease itself can become dangerous, specifically the increased pulse rate and heart palpitations.
Treatment Option #4: No Treatment. Since many cases of thyroid eye disease will self resolve without any intervention, this is yet another option you have. Many people will choose to receive no treatment, especially if their symptoms are mild. If this is the case, you might decide not to choose either medical or natural treatment methods, and hope that the condition goes away on its own and doesn't become any worse.
In summary, thyroid eye disease is a condition that is rare, and when it does affect someone, the symptoms are usually mild and warrant minimal or no treatment. However, in cases where the symptoms are moderate or severe, medical treatment might be able to help manage the symptoms, but you might want to consider a natural thyroid treatment protocol to potentially cure this condition. This of course not only will help with the symptoms, but even if your condition can't be cure, it still can prevent the condition from progressing. If you want more information on this condition, the best book I have read so far on this topic is called "Thyroid Eye Disease: Understanding Graves' Ophthalmopathy", which was written by Elaine Moore. Anyone with thyroid eye disease definitely needs to read this book.


text:
Delve into Secrets and the World of Music with 'The Prague Sonata'
Thursday, 25 March, 2021
This weekend, take a journey that will take you to modern-day Prague and the Nazi-occupied city of WWII. You'll meet an unforgettable heroine — dealing with her own tragic past — get caught up in the dangerous puzzle surrounding a priceless music manuscript.
When a musical score with mysterious origins — could it be a lost work of Beethoven or Mozart?! — is discovered in Queens, New York, a young pianist embarks on a life-changing adventure to identify its composer and to rebuild the life she's lost.
Our heroine is Meta, a prodigy whose career was cut short by a tragic accident — a situation about which she, understandably, still has plenty of baggage. Distanced from her family, her fiancé, and even her best friend, she falls under the spell of possibility represented by the puzzling manuscript. Against everyone's advice, she takes off for Prague to investigate.
On her quest, Meta finds herself safely among new friends who are committed to helping her find the truth. And she's at the mercy of new, dangerous enemies who are equally determined to have the manuscript for themselves.
As Meta pokes around the cobbled streets and narrow alleys of Prague's neighborhoods, the story travels back in time, immersing us in the bitter legacy of two world wars and the unpredictable effect the manuscript has had on everyone who's come in contact with it.
The dread and uncertainty of the Nazi invasion and post-WWII Prague is palpable, as is Meta's legitimate fear of the shadowy figures that stalk her through the city. There is a tender (and realistic) romance, plenty of lyrical language about music and art, secrets, dangerous truths, friendship, and pulse-quickening accounts of some of the most significant events in Prague's history.
By the time the truth of the musical score is realized, Meta has become a woman transformed, and the past can finally be laid to rest.
[T]hey ate what was ordered for the table to share. Klobása, roast pork loin with heavy dumplings, a fried breaded cheese called smažený sýr, and what had apparently been Irena's favorite dish on the menu, pečená kachna, a crispy Long Island duck served with red cabbage and potato pancakes. — Bradford Morrow
The Prague Sonata
by Bradford Morrow
This musical mystery (528 pages) was published in October of 2017 by Atlantic Monthly Press. The book takes you to Prague. Melissa read The Prague Sonata and loved it; it wouldn't be on our site if she didn't recommend it.
Top image courtesy of Ryan Lum/Unsplash.
Adventure in WWII Yugoslavia with Detective Bernie Gunther in 'The Lady from Zagreb'
This weekend, travel back to the 1940s with Bernie Gunther, a good detective and good man in bad circumstances. You'll visit Yugoslavia, go toe-to-toe with Joseph Goebbels, fall in love — and oh! solve a murder.
Visit 1899 NYC for an Unusual & Tender Immigrant Story in 'The Golem and the Jinni'
This weekend, escape to turn-of-the-century New York and meet two unlikely new friends: a Jewish golem from Poland and an Arab jin from Egypt. Their history divides them; their adventures will bring them together.
SSoP Podcast Episode 01 — Prague: Castles and Cobblestones
Episode 01 of The Strong Sense of Place podcast — Prague: Cobblestones and Castles. Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic, world's best beer, and ghosts.
15 Books That Capture the Magic and Mystery of Prague
Prague's stunning architecture and magical atmosphere make it one of Europe's must-visit cities. But we love it because it's full of stories. Everywhere you look, there's a tale to be told, a mystery to unravel.
Schnitzel Meatballs and Buttered Potatoes Inspired by the novel 'Goulash'
The novel 'Goulash' reads like a memoir of an American expat's adventures in 1998 Prague. It was a dynamic time for the city, but some things stay the same: the pubs, the beer, and good, honest Czech food.
Why You Should Visit the Infinite Spire of Books at the Prague City Library
The Municipal Library of Prague (_Městská knihovna v Praze_) is close to the city center, and it's a quiet, magical place to escape the crush of Old Town and relax in the serenity of bookland. Visitors welcome.
Prague's Stunning Strahov Monastery Library and Cabinet of Curiosities
Soft light illuminates floor-to-ceiling shelves of gilt-spined books in the libraries of the Strahov Monastery. But it's not all Latin texts and antique globes: a narwhal horn and a giant crab decorate the hallway.
Going Behind the Scenes at the Beautiful Strahov Monastery Library in Prague
Gilded bookshelves, antique globes, allegorical ceiling frescoes, thousands of books, church ruins, trompe l'oeil — we took it all in on a tour of the Strahov Monastery Library and the Břevnov Monastery in Prague.


text:
Q: What is the difference between R vegan species-scores, and Primer Spearman rank correlation of species to axis? In constrained ordination analysis, like CAP or dbRDA, researchers often want to know how much of the dissimilarity is attributed to specific species. In Primer PERMANOVA, Spearman rank or Pearson correlations of species to the axis is an option to that provides an estimate of the species that characterise the variation between assemblages of species when using CAP or RDA. In R, vegan provides a different measurement, known as species scores, which can be calculated but not without careful consideration of the potential shortcomings https://github.com/vegandevs/vegan/issues/254#issuecomment-334071917.
and vegan dbrda species scores are empty despite community matrix provided, when using capscale.
I would like to better understand how the correlations and species scores are calculated in Primer PERMANOVA. Firstly, is there a real difference in what these methods aim to show? What are the benefits and shortcomings of the using Spearman or Pearson correlations over R- vegan's species scores? Does the method of calculating the species-to-axis correlations in Primer suffer from similar problems as detailed in the above links for species scores in capscale or dbrda in R? In Primer, what are the variables used from the community matrix and axis to calculate the correlations between them? Are these raw or the transformed data? And finally, if the correlation method is a better estimate of the relative amount by which species cause differences between assemblages than species scores in R, should this be considered as an alternative to R vegan' species scores?

A: I have never seen PRIMER and I cannot comment on differences between vegan and PRIMER, but I can explain how we work in vegan.
If you think about species scores of fitted environmental variables as arrows, there are two separate aspects: direction and length. First about direction of the arrow.
In general, the arrows are not parallel to the axes, but they point to the direction to which the species or the environmental variable changes most rapidly. The directions of arrows can be found from linear model lm(y ~ Ax1 + Ax2). If y is a species, this gives the arrow for the species score, and if y is an environmental variable, this gives a fitted vector. Correlating species with axes implies two separate models lm(y ~ Ax1)  and lm(y ~ Ax2). The vegan model defines a linear trend surface, and the axis model defines two separate linear trend surfaces with each having steepest gradient along one axis. The following example shows how the linear model  related to species scores in PCA in vegan:
library(vegan)
data(varespec)
pc <- rda(varespec)
biplot(pc) # species scores as biplot arrows
plot(envfit(pc ~ Pleuschr + Cladarbu + Cladrang + Cladstel, varespec))
ordisurf(pc ~ Cladstel, varespec, knots = 1, add = TRUE)

The envfit function adds arrows that point to the same direction as species scores, and ordisurf  adds linear (knots = 1) trend surface to Cladstel. The isoclines of the linear trend surface are equally spaced and perpendicular to the arrow. Projecting sampling units to the arrow gives the predicted species abundance in this two-dimensional solution. The interpretation of species scores is similar in RDA, but there you must remember to use linear combination scores (display="lc"), and in CCA you must remember to use weighted regression (envfit and ordisurf take care of that automatically, but with lm or other non-vegan tools you need explicit weights).
This approach is not easily changed to use rank correlations. For ranks, you need to project points (sampling units) to a univariate sequence. Often people project on axes (that is, they correlate axes with species). However, better correlation will be found if we find a line through origin that gives the best rank correlation when sampling units are projected onto it for ranks (if a unique line, or a sector containing lines, exists). This would be similar to our approach of finding the direction of steepest change in linear trend surface. This is easily done with Euclidean space, like all vegan ordination spaces are, but not with ranks of projections.
The assumption of linear trend surface is pretty simplistic. It is the model for species in PCA and RDA, and it is the model for constraints in RDA and there it shows how the analysis sees your data (remember "lc" scores!). However, with other variables and with other ordination methods, more complicated response models are often more adequate. These can be fit[ted] using ordisurf with knots > 1.
Then about lengths of the arrows, or distances of species scores from the origin. The envfit() function finds the correct direction, but it scales the arrow length by correlation coefficient. In PCA and RDA, we have several alternative scaling options: see the long description of scaling and correlation  in ?scores.cca. The default (correlation = FALSE) scaling makes arrows proportional to absolute change in species abundance. That is, abundant species can change a lot and can have long arrows, but scarce species can change only a bit and have always short arrows. It is absolute change, not relative change. With correlation = TRUE, the arrow lengths are proportional to relative change and will be similar to scaling by correlations used in envfit. Again, study the manual for details (?scores.cca).

A: Please see below a very useful reply from Marti Anderson in response to an email relating to this question above - Copied with her permission:
Dear Philip,
Thanks for your message and interest in all of these methods and their interpretation.
I won't comment on the R-based stuff as implemented in vegan, as no doubt Jari is best able to do that, but I would be happy to comment on the raw rank (or Perason) correlation vectors implemented in PRIMER/PERMANOVA software.
First, let me emphasise that these are intended to be an exploratory tool. Quite simply, all they do is show the raw (or multiple) correlations of individual species (or other variables) with the ordination axes. Two important caveats to their use or important to note here. First, they most emphatically do not tell you anything directly about the specific role that individual species may have played in driving patterns seen in the dbRDA (or nMDS or PCO or whatever ordination axes you are talking about). They cannot do that because they are being drawn after the fact, and, as we know, the relationships between the original species variables and the ordination axes, in very many cases, are not expected to be linear (or even monotonic) at all. The ordination is being (generally) done in the space of some chosen dissimilarity measure (such as BC or Jaccard, etc.). This is appropriate for lots of reasons (which I am sure you already know and I won't go in to). To see what the patterns are of individual species in a constrained ordination space like dbRDA (or any other ordination), I suggest you use bubble plots, which re a much more refined tool for visualising the patterns. (And incidentally, in PRIMER 7, you can superimpose segmented bubble plots to visualise patterns for a set of species simultaneously in this way. The advantage of bubble plots is that they are able, for any given species, to show any pattern that might be occurring, including step-changes across groups, potential interactions across factors, unimodal or multi-modal patterns along gradients, etc. Now, the use of rank (or Pearson) correlation vectors have the advantage of being able to plot lots of species at once, but they are clearly a blunt tool by comparison, as they can only show well those species that may have increasing or decreasing relationships with the ordination axes, which if often not the whole story. They have their uses, however, particularly in the CAP setting, where the axes have been drawn specifically to maximise group differences. In this case, the groups are separated on the plot, so the species having longer axes drawn as increasing or decreasing across such plots will generally correspond to those species that characterise the group differences. However, even in the CAP example, sometimes the group differences are caused by changes in composition in whole sets of (minor) species acting together multivariately and simultaneously through the dissimilarity measure, and this might not be easily picked up by singular patterns for any of those species when considered independently and individually.
Well, I do hope that I have helped to clarify the issues here a little. The upshot of all of the above is that it is no problem to put these vectors onto any ordination plot you may choose, but they are a heuristic and posterior exercise, rather than a definitive or diagnostic tool in the dissimilarity-based kind of setting, and they only show a certain kind of relationship. Other tools (such as bubble or segmented bubble plots) will be richer in their information content regarding individual species patterns.
I hope the above is helpful!
Kind regards,
Marti Anderson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nomlaki Technologies, LLC, is an 8(a) certified small business, 100% tribally owned by the Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians of California. Through the U.S. Small Business Administration's 8(a) Business Development Program, Nomlaki offers clients significant contracting benefits that save time and money by accelerating the acquisition process.
As a tribally-owned 8(a) small business, Nomlaki is exempt from the competitive $4 million sole-source contracting limit placed on other 8(a) certified small businesses. The exemption opens up opportunities to negotiate sole-source contracts that maximize our clients' organizational benefits, meet their financial expectations, accomplish their missions and establish invaluable partnerships.
Sole-source contracting expedites delivery of the required services and eliminates the need for government contracting officers to execute a costly and time-consuming full acquisition process. Because a sole-source contract cannot be protested, Nomlaki's experienced technical and management staff can begin performing the contracted services immediately.
The Buy Indian regulations give preference, where authorized and applicable, to the hiring of Native American employees and purchasing of products, supplies and services from eligible Indian Economic Enterprises (IEE). Nomlaki Technologies is an eligible Indian Economic Enterprise.


The hairiest month of the year has arrived, and Bite Beauty is celebrating it with a limited edition lipstick inspired by Founder Susanne Langmuir's father beating prostate cancer. For those of you who aren't familiar with Movember, men all over the country shave their face and grow out their mustaches throughout November to raise awareness and money for prostate cancer. The Movember Foundation started in 2003 and has raised $677 million funding over 1,000 programs for mens issues focusing on prostate cancer, testicular cancer, poor mental health and physical inactivity. Over 5 million men now participate every year.
• Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Canadian men.
On to the lipstick – Mauvember is a beautifully unique mauve shade. With 100% of the proceeds going directly to the Movember campaign, I would have bought it even if it was a shade I had no intention of wearing – so the fact that it's so pretty is a bonus! The organic fruit butters leaves my lips feeling really nice and hydrated and I love that it's all natural (apparently healthy enough to eat). And just a note: This lipstick is only available at Sephora online in Canada!
Adorable shot of the 'stache as well. hehe!
I tried to find the lipstick but it says "page no longer exists"???
My husband is a prostate cancer survivor, 2yrs cancer free now. He was diagnosed at 46 so not your typical over 50 disease.
It looks like it's sold out right now – hopefully they will get more in stock!
Congratulations to him on being 2 years cancer free! I wish you both many more years of health! I have been bugging my husband to go get checked because cancer runs in his family and even though we are in our 30s.. it still scares me.


text:
Story Of A Big Player From Gangnam Volume 1 Chapter 723 H Groups Ceo Choi 4 Part 2
Gun-Ho said to the stock brokerage company's branch manager, "I'm in Sinsa Town right now, and you are in Yeoksam Town. We can meet halfway between the two towns."
"What about we meet at the Japanese restaurant Hanazono in Ritz-Carlton Hotel next to Sinnonhyeon Station?"
"Hanazono?"
"Yes, sir. It's a decent Japanese restaurant. It provides a great calming atmosphere. The place is quiet and adequate to have a conversation. The restaurant is located on the third floor of Ritz-Carlton Hotel. I will make a reservation for our lunch today."
"Sounds good."
When Gun-Ho arrived at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, the branch manager was already there waiting for Gun-Ho. He was sitting in a room that was overlooking a small Japanese-style garden. He quickly stood up from his seat when he saw Gun-Ho coming in.
"This hotel has a very nice garden inside the hotel."
"Yes, sir. It adds a serene vibe to the restaurant."
The branch manager ordered food for them. The course meal that he picked for Gun-Ho and himself was one of the most expensive meals in the restaurant. Maybe the branch manager thought that he should pick luxurious food because he was having lunch with the big player in Gangnam District. Various dishes including sashimi came out one by one, and the two men were taking enough time enjoying the food with sake.
"How's the stock market these days? I have been away from the stock market lately, and I'm not sure how it's doing."
"It's not very good, sir. Many big players like you Mr. President Goo moved to safer investment options such as bonds, and that resulted in the stock market's depression."
"Hmm, really? How do stock brokerage companies make money these days then?"
"We are not doing well at all."
Gun-Ho didn't say anything and continued to have his raw fish.
"Umm, sir. Does your GH Mobile have a plan to go public anytime soon?"
"No, we won't. We don't see any reasons to raise any funds for it."
"Once your company goes public, the value of your assets will skyrocket. I don't understand why you don't want it."
"Once the company goes public, we will soon have tons of small shareholders, and they will start talking about which direction the company should go and things like that, and I don't think I would enjoy hearing that."
"If I remember correctly, sir, your company has the sales revenue of almost 100 billion won, right?"
"It generated 110 billion won last year, and we are anticipating making 150 billion won this year."
"150 billion won? The net income after tax must be around 10 billion won then."
"That's correct, and I'm content with it. I have no reason to have the company go public."
The branch manager couldn't read Gun-Ho's intention of why he wanted to see him that day.
'So, he is not here to discuss his company going public. Does he want to start investing in the stock market again? Well, probably not. He has a huge amount of money, and people with that much money usually don't make a high-risk investment.
What does he want with me then? Is he going to withdraw his money from his account with us? That shouldn't happen. If I lose him one of the big players in Gangnam I might be kicked out of this branch location and assigned to a small suburban city.'
Gun-Ho said after sipping his sake, "I have a joint venture company in Asan City, South Chungcheong Province. It's a joint venture with the American company Lymondell Dyeon."
"Oh, I see. I've only been to your GH Mobile factory, so I didn't know you have another business, sir."
"I want to register this company with KOSDAQ."
"Huh? Your joint venture, sir?"
"That's right. We need a stock brokerage company that will help us register with KOSDAQ."
The branch manager saw the opportunity and sat closer to Gun-Ho.
"What's the joint venture's yearly sales revenue, sir?"
"It made 53.8 billion won last year, and we are aiming at 100 billion won this year."
"Oh, is that right? The size of the company is very good. When was it established?"
"It has been a bit less than two years."
"Well, then you should wait a little bit more before it could go public. A company can go public three years after it is formed."
Gun-Ho said as he placed his glass of sake on the table, "That company recently received the certificate being recognized as a startup company with technology."
"Oh, it has officially been recognized as a startup company with technology?"
The branch manager sat closer to Gun-Ho again and said, "Then we can apply for it to register with KOSDAQ."
"That's what I was told."
"How much debt does the company have now? And, you said that its last year's sales revenue was 52.8 billion won. What about its net profit?"
"Since it's a joint venture company, we have no debt. It made a profit of 9 billion won last year, and we reinvested that amount to the company."
"Mr. President Goo, we will definitely help you to register your company with KOSDAQ. Let us do the work for you. Let's make the contract for it."
"If the joint venture makes the contract with your stock brokerage firm, so your company handles the KOSDAQ registration process for us, what would be the first step that you do?"
"We first register the company with the Financial Supervisor Service, and then we start analyzing the company's marketable securities."
"Analyzing the company's marketable securities?"
"Our stock brokerage company needs to make an evaluation of our client company's value. Once we apply for the company to go public, the KOSDAQ Listed Companies Association will perform the same evaluation process anyway during their preliminary examination stage, so we do this in advance to be prepared. The evaluation is basically conducted to see whether the applicant company is ready to go public or not."
"They will review the company's marketability, profitability, its financial status, technology, the transparency of management, etc."
"It's June now. If we wait for six more months from now, we will have this year's financial statements. What if we do it then? I'm sure that our sales revenue will increase dramatically this year."
"If you are confident, that's a good idea too. However, I recommend that you make a contract with us to handle the process now. We can later determine which company you want to register with KOSDAQ since many companies let their subsidiary company go public first."
"Well, then when you have time, please visit us in Asan City. I will show you around and introduce you to my people there."
"Sounds great, sir. I guess GH Mobile invested in the joint venture, right?"
"That's correct. GH Mobile and the American company invested 50:50, and the joint venture's name is Dyeon Korea."
"That means that it has only two shareholders GH Mobile and Lymondell Dyeon."
"Oh, I almost forgot to tell you this. We recently distributed some of the company shares to our employees. So, 10% of the company is owned by 500 individuals as minority shareholders."
"We can then skip the process of recruiting potential small shareholders for the company stock dispersion. You have the list of the shareholders, don't you? The list must be thick enough to make a book since you had to list the information of the 500 individual minority shareholders."
"We do have the list, of course."
"How many shares have been issued so far?"
"We currently have 1.9 million won shares, and it's 10,000 won per share."
"Hmm, is that right?"
Gun-Ho asked, "Once we apply for registering with KOSDAQ, how long will it take to actually go public?"
"Usually, it takes about four months, sir."


United States' policy of engagement in the troubled South Asian region should be in favor of an extended engagement where the concerned countries yield benefit to us, that is commensurate with our own investment in the region. We cannot yield to the naysayers and to the pessimistic view of wrapping up our enterprise and packing up our bags. My line of thinking derives from the fundamental premise that a resolution of the many issues plaguing the region, and as a result us and every other stakeholder in the world, can only be brought about if the US stays engaged and committed for decades to come. What manner of engagement is best is open to further debate – military or diplomatic or to some extent both. Following are my chief arguments.
The United States cannot afford to forget the bitter lessons of Vietnam. We left our alliances cold and the Southern region was quickly assimilated by the northern communists (Ryan, 2006). We are at a similar threshold at the present moment in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Once we withdraw, our enemy would only be too glad to chance upon a lack of security presence and re-establish.
The naysayers and those tired of the effort are quick to remind us of the billions of dollars that the United States has already committed to the region, much of it in the form of present military engagement. The naysayers also bring to the table the thousands of lives lost in the war effort, upwards of two thousand by September of 2012. However, what has been ignored is the establishment that has so far come about. The alternate scenario where our policy would have changed looking at the diminishing marginal equity of the money spent and lives lost would have been catastrophic. Extremist would have prospered and more lives back home would have been at a much greater risk.
If we listen to the naysayers we would lose all the progress we have made thus far. The road ahead in Afghanistan and the greater part of Pakistan is clearer and more predictable today that it has been at any given point of time in the past decade. Any withdrawals now will be a slur upon the zest with which our soldiers have gained all this ground. America should never withdraw and make it easier for the enemy to re-group and organize, for that is their wish. I, however, do not argue that a sustained military effort alone would be a panacea for the region and its problems.
Following in a traditional carrot and stick approach, the United States should use fear of aggression more than the act of aggression itself. Ensuring that fear persists, we must be aggressive at times as well. The approach has worked in Pakistan where last year the Taliban had swarmed the country beyond the North West Frontier Province all the way south up to Swat Valley (Khan, 2011). A direct military offensive would have been extremely counter-productive in that the money involved and lives lost would be significant factors. Instead, arm twisting the government and the military generals of Pakistan ensured the counter-terrorism effort was heralded by the Pakistani army, known for its collusion with militants in the region. This kept us out of the mess and the war was not as entrenched as it could have been had foreign forces been engaged. This kind of a diplomatic effort and success is not remotely possible if it were not for the proximity of the many American bases and NATO forces and the looming shadow of threat they posed.
One of the factors working for the NATO led coalition and the United States forces are that the situation is not very different in either country. Beset with militancy, the regions problems are common and quite literally, the border is non-existent. The difference however is concentration of power in the case of Pakistan, which the United States has identified and uses to manipulate: for example the head of the Inter State Intelligence Services, the Chief of Army and the government establishment.
A similar approach in Afghanistan would require a diplomatic shift for the United States. In the absence of a proper governmental channel, the policy needs to recognize tribal chieftains and feudal lords – realities of the region that must be accepted if we are to make headway.
Not only are the naysayers bad for our interests in the region, so are the supremacists that are against bending policy, and are subsequently against understanding how the region actually works. The United States should not insist on dealing with governments alone because all other power entities are in any way deficient. They are what they are, because the respective people have chosen to be governed in the way. We must remember, our effort is at helping the people in the region overcome extremism, and for that to happen, we have to understand what moves them. This requires empathy. A withdrawal, much like Vietnam would be a statement in apathy.
Lessons from the Arab Spring!
While democracy has a million strengths, a weakness is that it is not possibly imposed on masses that have not come to appreciate it yet or have seen it work either. A lesson from the Arab Spring for us is that the same system does not work every time in every place. It would be a fallacy of accident to assume that way. The United States needs to reboot its policy to adapt to working with changes; at the same time waiting with the system in place, a dictatorship or a communist setup etc, while the populations wake to cherished democracy. The last thing we can do is give up and leave because some relationships may perhaps be taxing at first, but are subsequently rewarding.
Indian and Chinese companies are making forays into the region each day. Indian government and companies have pledged billions of dollars to mining and infrastructure development in Afghanistan (Najafizada, 2011). The countries have recently entered a strategic partnership agreement that seeks, interestingly Afghanistan's first since the Soviets left. While Indian involvement is seen more as a bulwark against extremism and arch-rival Pakistan, Chinese involvement is more commercially oriented. Chinese companies are betting big on the vast mineral and oil wealth of Afghanistan (Neuhof, 2012). China-Pakistan relations are more cordial and warm, in the backdrop of a common rival, India.
For example, China provides immense military aid to Pakistan and finds it in its interest to foment regional rivalries. Therefore we see a trend of engagement at whatever feasible level possible because it is in the interest of the respective countries. Against the backdrop of this coagulation, the United States must seek alliances in the region to further its interests. If we were to disengage our influence would wane and interests would be left stranded. In a way, we have paved the road for all this development to happen. There has been no mining for years in the region nor would there be any, if it were not for the relative stability we provided.
The present government's policy of disengagement in the middle east is a poor example or model to follow in the case of Afghanistan and Pakistan (or even the middle east). We are seeing a waning American influence. A complete lack of governance in the region has given a clean chit to extremists from all over the region to freely travel across borders and group. Militants belonging to Al Qaeda and other sinister networks are finding it easy to organize and grow. In an unfortunate climax of these developments, we saw our ambassador to Libya murdered at the hands of these very extremists, kept at bay for decades by American plants and dictators. The erstwhile foreign policy also ensured peace in the region by safeguarding the interests of our closest allies like Israel and Saudi Arab.
The motivation behind enabling "freedom fighters" may have been good, and seen as a first step in the long road to democracy, however, we failed to check if there was enough cultural infrastructure to support an unknown institution like democracy. For example, the government currently voted to power in Egypt, the biggest country involved in the Arab Spring openly calls for Jews to be persecuted (Ephron, 2012). Such a scenario of disengagement in South Asia would jeopardize the positions of not only Israel and India – our biggest allies, but in the long run, ours as well.
The bottom line is that the United States continues to be a stakeholder in the process at play in Afghanistan and Pakistan. We believed otherwise each time we were attacked before 9/11, when we were proved wrong. There needs to be learning from the mistakes we made in the past and must realize that the best US policy in the region would be one of intellectual engagement. We cannot merely train our guns and we cannot impose a set of rules we have known to work for ourselves for any foreign region, specially one like Afghanistan and Pakistan. The United States' Policy of Engagement in the troubled South Asia region needs tweaked from time to time.
Ryan, D. (2006). Vietnam in Iraq: Lessons, Legacies and Ghosts. Taylor & Francis.
Were you curious about monopolies?
At the end of Unit 9, you will submit an analysis project in which you will apply and bring together all the critical thinking skills and techniques you have learned throughout the course. Your assignment is to write a "Letter to the Editor" on an issue that matters to you.
There is no specific length requirement; however, a well researched editorial would be approximately 4- 8 pages, and would properly cite all sources using APA citation format.
You have prepared for this Final Project throughout the term by presenting a strategic argument in your reflection paper; by analyzing newspaper articles; by presenting your viewpoint in a letter to the editor; by reporting on argument effectiveness of an advertisement or editorial cartoon; and by organizing your thoughts and source material in an outline and annotated bibliography.
Review the information in Chapter 1 of your text and then you will be ready to bring together all of the skills you have learned throughout the term in a persuasive communication. You will use specific argumentative strategies to present your point of view and persuade others to accept your conclusions. You will assess your own arguments and those of opposing views for soundness and identify common fallacies. You will analyze the information in your sources for reasonableness, relevance and sufficiency. You will compose a persuasive argument and articulate your stance in a manner that is reasonable and forwards rational dialogue. In other words, you will use critical thinking to demonstrate your own views and persuade others to accept your conclusions.
Your goal is to present a clear and strategic argument for a specific view point on an issue of your choice. You will also support that view by assessing the opposing viewpoints as well. Editorials are written on topics that are of interest to readers and controversial enough to persuade readers to embrace a specific viewpoint. An editorial piece is not the same as researched news reporting; rather, it is an informed opinion offered to open or further rational dialogue about a specific issue. A good editorial should analyze documented arguments for and against. Your Final Project is more than merely an academic exercise, it allows you to apply the skills you're developing to something that really matters to you as you identify fallacious arguments and compose sound arguments to support your own position. In your editorial, you will use your own ideas in the various types of argumentative styles we have studied. In addition, you will analyze the arguments with opposing views and demonstrate that you have the stronger position by identifying the fallacies we have studied to highlight the holes in opposing arguments.


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Home / CE Articles / Ethics & Legal / General / Report on Torture Allegations Due by March
Report on Torture Allegations Due by March
By James Bradshaw
A Chicago lawyer has been hired to investigate allegations that the leadership of the American Psychological Association (APA) and some of its members were directly or indirectly complicit in torture of terrorist prisoners.
David H. Hoffman of the Sidley law firm is to complete his probe "in the first quarter" of 2015. Hoffman is former inspector general for Chicago, a former federal prosecutor and once clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist.
He will be paid by APA, but the association noted in a Nov. 12 announcement that Hoffman has been given "the sole purpose" of ascertaining the truth "without regard to whether the evidence or conclusions may be deemed favorable or unfavorable to APA."
The action was taken in response to the release of Pay Any Price, a book by New York Times reporter James Risen in which he criticizes post-9/11 government actions, such as invasions of privacy in the surveillance of telephone and email communications.
As part of that criticism, Risen accuses APA of involvement in devising "enhanced interrogation" methods and working "assiduously to protect the psychologists who did get involved in the torture program."
APA said its board of directors reviewed Risen's allegations that APA colluded with the administration of President George W. Bush to support terrorism and develop techniques such as waterboarding and concluded the charges are so serious and highly charged that they demand "a definitive, independent and objective review."
APA earlier refuted the allegations and said Risen contacted APA and was told officers would answer any questions he had. "Unfortunately," President Nadine Kaslow, Ph.D., said, "he never provided questions so his later reporting was onesided and inaccurate."
Steven Reisner, Ph.D., a longtime critic of APA's refusal to issue a ban against psychologists working at detention facilities, such as those at Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib, commented after the announcement that Hoffman seems likely to conduct a fair and impartial review. Reisner ran for APA president unsuccessfully in 2008 on the platform of banning APA members from serving at the detention facilities.
Reisner is adviser in psychology and ethics to Physicians for Human Rights, which earlier called for a federal investigation into APA's involvement at terrorist detention facilities.
He said the APA announcement was initially received with skepticism, suspecting that the probe would be designed as a whitewash backing APA's position that there was no wrongdoing in decisions to allow psychologists to continuing working at the facilities after the interrogation methods were revealed.
But, Reisner said, after reviewing Hoffman's credentials and his record of investigations in Chicago, he believes that the investigation may very well produce an unbiased report reflecting input from all viewpoints.
"He appears to be the real thing," Reisner said.
He said Hoffman is actively seeking information from those critical of the APA stance and is open to expanding the probe to include questions outside the framework APA outlined. For example, he said, APA asked that the investigator look into whether APA supported the development or implementation of the torture techniques. "Nobody suggested that in the first place," Reisner said.
He said a major fault critics found was that psychologists with vested interests, including military psychologists, were allowed to guide wording of the APA ethics policy in a manner that permitted CIA and Department of Defense (DoD) psychologists to continue to participate in abusive operations.
"We are confident that Hoffman will investigate whether there was collusion between APA staff and government officials to manipulate APA ethics policy to give legal and ethical cover for torture," Reisner said. He said the American Psychiatric Association and the American Medical Association issued total bans against members taking any role in interrogations after torture tactics were revealed.
Reisner and The National Psychologist communicated via telephone and email the first week of December. Subsequently, The Dissenter, an online journal, revealed that its investigation showed that 20 years ago Hoffman worked in the office of then-Sen. David L. Boren, D-Okla., while Boren was chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
Jeff Kaye, investigative reporter with The Dissenter, wrote that at that time Hoffman worked with George Tenet, who went on to become director of the CIA from 1997 through 2004, and with Kenneth J. Levit, whom Tenet chose as the CIA's special counsel.
Kaye quoted Hoffman as saying he worked as Boren's press secretary prior to going to law school and he knew Tenet, who was then on the Senate Intelligence Committee staff, and Levit, who like Hoffman was a member of Boren's personal staff. Hoffman said he has not worked with either since but has seen them "on a handful of occasions."
In Pay Any Price, Risen said emails revealed that APA hid involvement of psychologists under contracts with the CIA and the DoD.
The APA release said Hoffman's review will "include but not be limited to" three areas: whether APA was involved in the development or implementation of enhanced interrogation techniques, whether changes to the association's ethics code involved collusion with the government to support torture and "whether any APA action related to torture was improperly influenced by government-related financial or policy considerations, including government grants, contracts or adoption of government policy regarding prescription privileges for psychologists serving in the military."
After the use of enhanced interrogation techniques were revealed in 2007, APA said it could not sanction psychologists involved in developing the techniques because they were not APA members and later supported a move to have the license of one of those psychologists revoked. The APA said anyone with information they believe Hoffman should have may contact him at 312-456-8468 or apareview@sidley.com.
Kaslow, President-elect Susan McDaniel, Ph.D., and CEO Norman Anderson, Ph.D., were appointed to a special committee created by the APA board to cooperate with Hoffman in his review, but Anderson was later replaced by the board treasurer, Bonnie Markham, Ph.D., Psy.D.
Kaye had reported that the Coalition for an Ethical Psychology, which is highly critical of APA's decision to allow psychologists to serve at detention facilities, objected to Anderson being on the committee because he had operational oversight of APA during the entire post-9/11 period.
APA Communications Director Rhea Farberman told The National Psychologist, "In an effort to avoid any perception of bias or a conflict of interest, Dr. Anderson withdrew from the special committee on Nov. 28. He was replaced by Dr. Markham."
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Organize and standardize applications in a definitive software library to make deployments more precise and discovery more accurate.
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