text:
IfAQ: Can Warforged Cry?
Posted on December 17, 2019 by Keith Baker
Art by Júlio Azevedo for Exploring Eberron!
If all goes well, I'll be doing more Eberron support on this site in 2020. The frequency and form of this content will depend on my Patreon support. In addition to feature articles, I'll always be tackling frequently asked questions about Eberron. But I also want to take the time to answer a few INfrequently asked questions.
Can Warforged Cry?
In MY Eberron, no: warforged don't cry. There's two major reasons for this. The first is that warforged are generally depicted as having crystaline eyes. They thus have no need to lubricate their eyes and there's no logical reason for them to have any sort of tear duct. So there's no biological reason for it. But beyond that: I don't WANT non-human species of behave just like humans. I always think it's more interesting to explore how a nonhuman species differs from humanity as opposed to saying "They're just like us, but with pointy ears or green skin." So I want to know what warforged do INSTEAD of crying.
Warforged have the capacity to feel emotion. A warforged can feel joy or sorrow. But they can't smile, and in my opinion, they can't cry. So how do these emotions come out? Is there an involuntarily physiological response like a tear? Is there a more voluntary response, like when you embrace the sorrow and start sobbing? In MY Eberron, a warforged's involuntary response to sorrow is a slight trembling that runs through the root-like musculature of the warforged. If the warforged has metal armor plating, this will rattle the plates against one another, creating a soft, dissonant chiming sound. If the warforged has non-metal armor, if will be more of a rustling like rain. When a warforged is in the grip of sorrow, a common response is to bring its arms together—as if hugging itself—and to rhythmically tap is fingers against its forearms, essentially creating an amplified version of that "crying" sound. A warforged may also do this rhythmic tapping against one forearm as a general expression of sorrow or frustration—the equivalent of taking a deep sigh.
Now, that's what *I* do in MY Eberron. The second side of the question is what I think the official answer might be, and my suspicion is that it's "If there's no rule that states a warforged can't cry, than it can cry." If I HAD to explain how this would work, I'd say "The organic components of a warforged are infused with alchemical fluids. Warforged tears are an involuntarily expulsion of these fluids." But again, I personally would prefer for them to express their grief in a way that's unique to warforged, rather than to mirror humanity.
What are your thoughts on warforged crying? Have you ever addressed it in your campaign? Post your answers below! Also, go to TheAdventureZoneGame.com to check out my latest game, currently in preorder until mid-January 2020!
This entry was posted in Eberron FAQ, Gaming Features, Uncategorized and tagged Eberron, Warforged by Keith Baker. Bookmark the permalink.
34 thoughts on "IfAQ: Can Warforged Cry?"
Tom C. on December 17, 2019 at 9:03 pm said:
I would definitely go with the unique expression of sadness, frustration, and grief on part of the warforged as something not imitative of humans. I'm sure Merrix and Aaren d'Cannith weren't necessarily pre-occupied with by-product emotional reactions from warforged, although it seems likely they didn't quite understand the process they were using to animate them with sentience and… dare we say… a soul? The appearance of the ghulra seems like a strong bit of evidence to support the assumption that they were playing with things they didn't quite understand.
I like the idea of what their reaction must have been the first time warforged expressed sadness in the way you described, "the soft, dissonant chiming… the rustling like rain."
Very cool. Thank you
Jarrod Taylor on December 17, 2019 at 9:09 pm said:
One of the warforged in a game I play utilizes a Shield of Expression to display the emotions that his stoic face cannot.
It's always interesting to see how people portray the unemotive restraints of a 'forged.
Nitro~Nina on December 17, 2019 at 9:31 pm said:
That was my first thought when I saw the Shield of Expression! It's such an adorable concept!
I'd have to rely on voice a lot, I think, to portray emotion as a Warforged, and describing body language. I wonder if they are more attuned to body language and conscious emotional expression receptively too; I don't know that they'd have the wiring we have to really properly "get" facial expressions.
Christopher Bishop on December 17, 2019 at 9:23 pm said:
I will always love Matt Forbecks take on Xalt the Warforged artificer in the Mark of Death series. Xalt constantly asks questions of everyone around him regarding what most would consider pretty basic human responses. He is trying to learn humor, as well as identifying and matching his ethics against those of others around him to sort of reaffirm his choices. He is often portrayed as semi innocent in nature due to his naivety in regard to the world. Warofrged are awesome rp toons if played to all their flaws and strengths.
Krazyfan1 on December 17, 2019 at 9:28 pm said:
i wonder if its possible for a warforged to get an artificer to give them tear ducts?
Standard Warforged lack tear ducts, and therefore cannon cry, most find their own way to show their sadness.
Warforged that spend a lot of time around non-warforged can get the ability to cry added to them, for a small fee of course.
Warforged that were designed to perform more diplomatic things come with inbuilt tear ducts, for cases where it is best t cry alongside everyone else, such as funerals and stuff.
Tears are made from he alchemical fluid that runs through them, too much crying could lead to a sort of dehydration effect, causing the warforged to need to actually drink in order to refill them?
Alternativly, some Artificers may just create tiny portals to the plane of water.
Infinite tears, sure.
but the warforged better hope that nothing goes wrong, otherwise their eyes could turn into fire hoses.
Useful in certain situations, sure, but a bit unfortunate otherwise.
…..also for some reason reading this is making me cry, and i don't even feel sad..
The Illuminauhty on December 18, 2019 at 4:56 am said:
You could get an endless decanter and always be ready to pour one out for the fleshies.
Chuck Huber on December 17, 2019 at 9:42 pm said:
The flip side: How do warforged express happiness or joy? As a voluntary response, I suppose one could just say, "I feel happy" or "I share your joy." As an involuntary reponse, I suppose since they can speak, they can laugh, but that might only occur in Warforged who choose to imitate human response. Is there an iherent, involuntary response to positive emotion?
Keith Baker on December 17, 2019 at 10:38 pm said:
There's two elements I'd consider here.
The first is that I feel that warforged are innately stoic. They CAN feel emotion, but it's not something they were encouraged to explore. Consider also the warforged that we have presented in the novels. In the Dreaming Dark series, Pierce feels emotion but he doesn't express it as dramatically as his human and halfling comrades. A particular warforged could CHOOSE to exaggerate that and really embrace their emotional side—but the default is that warforged rarely show strong emotion. So part of the question is what would MAKE a warforged laugh.
The second aspect of this is that humans may not RECOGNIZE the way in which a warforged expresses emotion. The idea of a slight rustling being a sign of sorrow works in part because humans likely don't even register what it is.
So in part, I don't think warforged are naturally exuberant when it comes to expressions of joy. But beyond that, in looking for something akin to the involuntary laugh I'd likely look for something that might not be obvious. Following the idea of the rustling cry and the fact that their armor is part of them, I'd consider a momentary expansion of the torso armor—a slight widening of the shoulders being the warforged equivalent of a smile, while a sharper flex of these muscles would be the equivalent of laughter. Again, the point being that a typical* human wouldn't notice, but another warforged would say "They look happy." But I'd still argue that warforged are stoic by nature; it's not just that they're hard to read, it's that they have a generally steady emotional affect.
* Having said that, it's important to note that there's no penalty for using Insight on a warforged. Their cues may not be obvious to a normal person, but an observant human can still figure it out.
Zed Bundershot on December 17, 2019 at 11:12 pm said:
One character in my group has a construct familiar that, goes a little OCD. The more anxious the situation, the more they might repeatedly empty and fill the same bowl, continuously add ingredients to a boiling stew, or attempt to reassemble a broken bottle.
Lionel on December 18, 2019 at 1:11 am said:
What a lovely image, I'm definitely adopting this idea for my game – the rustling sound you describe with a lot of warforged is breathtaking!
Matthew Brady on December 18, 2019 at 1:40 am said:
I immediately got my group's warforged player to meet me for coffee and showed her the article. She loved it.
It's the little details that make Eberron come alive I tell you
Keovar on December 18, 2019 at 6:09 am said:
I think that a 'Forged being stoic when it comes to spontaneous emotions makes sense, but one that is trying to understand their companion's need for emotional expression and connection would just state their take on a situation directly at first. Over time, they could incorporate things like gestures and vocabulary or tonal shifts until eventually the group can understand and use any of those signals to understand one another. I guess it would form a sort of emotional-communication pidgin, so while the 'Forged can't really meld into the oxytocin pool like the soft biologicals, having another dimension of team communication may still help them function better as a group.
Off-topic: I've recently started catching up on the backlog of Critical Role, and I know this will be heretical to the more sycophantic 'critters', but Laura Bailey could stand to develop a little stoicism. If everything is melodramatically gasp-worthy, then nothing is.
Nathan on December 18, 2019 at 1:47 pm said:
Fantastic article! I wrote a short story once about a Warforged scout being threatened by his commander. In order to express the scout's fear, I had him start shaking, with his fear eventually causing a temperature imbalance in his core that caused him to start leaking steam and emit sort of a wheezing sound. I love the idea of involuntary emotional expression on the part of Warforged.
Pteryx on December 18, 2019 at 2:50 pm said:
To my mind, the closest equivalent to humanoid involuntary expression in warforged is eye brightening/dimming — and even that's lacking the nuance that comes with our eyebrows and the multitudes of tiny muscles around our own eyes. It'd be difficult to distinguish between horror and delight from a warforged's face alone!
Keith Baker on December 18, 2019 at 5:52 pm said:
Yes, that's certainly one way to do it. Some of the images in the original ECS show the ghulra glowing as a response to what appears to be anger.
T on January 15, 2020 at 6:56 pm said:
The TV series Fireball starts two robots as the main roles: Drossel von Flügel, a "teenager" robot princess who don't even have a mouth, and her massive cyclopian arachnoid servant, Gedächtnis (at least he can blink, unlike Drossel). They convey emotion with body language and voice tone and eye brightening/dimming. They do it so well that they are still easily recognizable despite their design changing drastically between seasons. If they can be expressive despite lacking even more features than a warforged I think there is not much physical limitations for a warforged to convey emotions to humans but there might be on mindset and their natural body language.
Trevor Costa on December 18, 2019 at 5:37 pm said:
I really like the way you worldbuild, including (in this case) how different races are just, well, different. The warforged can express sorrow; it's just not in the same way. You had also commented, in a Manifest Zone, about how experience affects elves differently than it does humans. The sorts of questions you ask, and the resulting answers, make your world more coherent and a joy to run a campaign in.
Michael Sixel on December 18, 2019 at 6:06 pm said:
I could see a warforged that can't really express emotions trying VERY HARD to do so, and being almost annoying in its efforts. Perhaps over exaggerated and over done to the point of being on that sad/comical edge.
Nanashi on December 18, 2019 at 7:34 pm said:
Is damage to Warforged only visible in the form of the scratches, dents ect. that show up on damaged mundane objects or do they have some kind of equivalent to bruising and bleeding?
The musculature of the warforged is a rootlike material suffused with alchemical fluids. I don't see this bruising, but you could certainly describe one having torn muscle tendrils dripping fluids.
Tim Martin on December 19, 2019 at 12:23 am said:
I love this. I think it's all too common for fantasy/sci-fi races to be just "humans with green skin," and I want to see more instances where that's not the case.
Elton Robb on December 19, 2019 at 1:03 am said:
None of my players play warforged, so it's never come up. Although I'd rather have warforged not cry. But express sorrow differently. How I'd do it is not simple since it never came up.
I'm exploring a new world I came up with, and it doesn't include Warforged. The technology isn't there to create them.
Levi Thompson on December 20, 2019 at 2:35 am said:
Quick question: How do Warforged rid themselves of fluids and solids that have gone bad and are unusable anymore, like that alchemical fluid that distributes nutrients, what if small amounts of that goes bad, or hardens? What would a warforged have to fight against that? Do they poop or pee it out? Does it just kind of leak out like sweat?
Keith Baker on December 20, 2019 at 3:35 am said:
If warforged cycled through fluids on a regular basis, I'd expect them to have to eat or drink to replenish those substances. The fact that they don't eat or drink—and that they don't suffer the effects of aging—suggests a system that simply doesn't produce waste.
In the case that it does, I would expect it to be simply exuded from the root structure like sweat, in a manner that's largely unnoticeable to other creatures.
V2Blast on December 20, 2019 at 7:12 am said:
Very interesting idea! I love it.
Nanashi on December 22, 2019 at 6:24 am said:
If Warforged shake to cry, then how do they express fear (the most important emotion for game mechanics)? All the human methods (sweat, heavy breathing/increased heart rate) seem meatbag specific aside from shaking.
In-fact, speaking of mechanically important emotions: We know Warforged feel pain because they're not immune to Symbol of Pain, Inflict Pain, Painful Strike and dozens of other effects explicitly based on pain. Do Warforged scream in agony?
Bear in mind that there are no canon answers to any of these questions. All you're getting here is what I'd do in MY campaign, and there's nothing requiring you to do any of this.
But looking to warforged as they've been presented in fiction, they come across as stoic. They may experience emotion, but they don't SHOW it the way humans do. This ties to my sorrow suggest. It's not supposed to be dramatic, obvious shaking; it's a slight tremor primarily perceived through the AUDIO cue – the rustling of plate against plate – and something that a human could easily ignore. I'd expect any involuntary responses to other emotions to be just as subtle. To the best of my knowledge, we've never depicted warforged laughing or screaming in pain. They experience pain; but that doesn't mean they react to it in a human fashion. Likewise, they experience fear, but the MECHANICAL impact of being frightened is that you run away from the thing that's frightening you; and warforged can certainly do that.
One reaction to fear that I could see would be that their musculature swells slightly, expanding the armor plating – essentially, like many animals, they become larger. On the other hand, given that we've never described this in any fiction, I'd argue that it would be a very slight shift – something someone could spot with Insight, but not a warforged suddenly seeming to double in size.
How do Warforged speak? I know they can speak, but do they have speakers in their throats like modern day speakers? Or do they have lungs that they suck air into and then blow through vocal cords almost like other humanoids? If they have lungs, how many do they have? I'd expect one as they don't even need to breathe to live and could likely make do with just one? If they have multiple lungs, why would they?
You also mentioned the alchemical fluids that you said they may "sweat" out in my previous question. Would this liquid be pumped around with one heart, or multiple places across their body that act as smaller hearts, almost like insects?
How do Warforged speak?
What I've said before is that it's a magical solution more like magic mouth than the way organic creatures produce sound.
Would this liquid be pumped around with one heart…
We've described warforged muscles as being rootlike, and I'd see them as being more akin to plants than to mammalian anatomy. We've never described a "warforged heart." This ties to the point that while they COULD sweat waste fluid out, they generally DON'T—they aren't subject to aging, and they don't eat, drink, or produce waste. They're organic, but not especially similar to humans—and they are fundamentally magical creatures.
Warforged are not immune to Crisis of Life or a Scarab of Death (plus a lot more effects that specifically hit the heart outside of SRD stuff), so that would imply there's some equivalent part.
It's all a question of what you want from your story. In mine, I prefer the warforged to be different from humans. I prefer the idea that they have fundamentally different physiology. If they have a heart and a standard circulatory system, why DON'T they need to eat and excrete?
So it's up to you as a DM. You can say "The warforged aren't immune to stirges or a Scarab of Death, which means they MUST have a standard circulatory system and a heart!" Or you can say "Even though a warforged doesn't have a heart, the Scarab of Death still snuffs out its life force! Even though it doesn't have standard veins, a stirge can still drain its fluids!"
Mechanically, the warforged has no protection against these effects. It's still up to you how you tell that story.
Alex S Franklin on December 24, 2019 at 7:22 am said:
Then there's always the Gunnerkrigg court solution to artificial life forms expressing emotions:
https://www.gunnerkrigg.com/?p=643
(see next page for The Saddest Face)
uncle bob on March 21, 2021 at 3:30 pm said:
i know now why you cry, but it is something that i could never do
Christopher P. on May 21, 2021 at 9:40 pm said:
In my game, currently, I'm playing a Warforged Eldritch Knight whose arc is involving him trying to learn more about these weird humans. He's a veteran of the Battle of Bones (we're using Forgotten Realms), and was defunct for ten years until the rest of the group found and repaired him. On point, he had regular dealings with a young woman who was a cleric of Eldath while he was in the military, who reached out to him and his fellow Warforged, and without understanding what was going on…he fell in love with her. She was the first human to talk to him instead of at him. He didn't grok why he cared so much for her, but he did. She was killed in a surprise attack on his camp, died in his arms, and he went berserk over it. He is outwardly stoic, but inwardly he's suffering from a big old armor plated broken heart and has no idea how to express it. The way I'm trying to convey this is him just clamming up about it as he tries to grapple with this as well as the fact he's ten years behind the times. My DM loved the idea, and what I'm ultimately aiming for is him trying to learn how to express himself better so that the 7-foot tall, 400 lb walking tank won't scare everyone around him so much…or snap and explode at the worst possible time. Is there anything you yourself could advise me on, there, Keith?


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This potato salad is the epitome of summer. Use it with your favorite barbecue recipes or take it on a festive picnic. Be sure to use a good rapeseed oil with lots of flavor.
Boil the new potatoes until al dente and cool them off.
Toast the sunflower kernels in a dry pan until golden.
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Share potatoes into bite-sized pieces and toss them in the dressing.
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The potato salad can be made some hours before serving and be left to marinate in the refrigerator. In this case, the watercress shouldwait until the last minute.
If you can not get watercress, this may be replaced with lambslettuce.


text:
/**
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 * @module params
 */ /** for typedoc */
import { ParamType } from './paramType';
/**
 * Parameter values
 *
 * An object containing state parameter key/value pairs
 *
 * #### Example:
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 * {
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 *
 * @coreapi
 */
export interface RawParams {
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/**
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     * @internalapi
     *
     * This is not part of the declaration; it is a calculated value depending on if a default value was specified or not.
     */
    isOptional: boolean;
    /**
     * Dynamic flag
     *
     * When `dynamic` is `true`, changes to the parameter value will not cause the state to be entered/exited.
     * The resolves will not be re-fetched, nor will views be reloaded.
     *
     * Normally, if a parameter value changes, the state which declared that the parameter will be reloaded (entered/exited).
     * When a parameter is `dynamic`, a transition still occurs, but it does not cause the state to exit/enter.
     *
     * This can be useful to build UI where the component updates itself when the param values change.
     * A common scenario where this is useful is searching/paging/sorting.
     *
     * ---
     *
     * Note: this value overrides the `dynamic` value on a custom parameter type ([[ParamTypeDefinition.dynamic]]).
     *
     * ---
     *
     * Default: `false`
     */
    dynamic: boolean;
    /**
     * Disables url-encoding of parameter values
     *
     * When `true`, parameter values are not url-encoded.
     * This is commonly used to allow "slug" urls, with a parameter value including non-semantic slashes.
     *
     * #### Example:
     * ```js
     * url: '/product/:slug',
     * params: {
     *   slug: { type: 'string', raw: true }
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * This allows a URL parameter of `{ slug: 'camping/tents/awesome_tent' }`
     * to serialize to `/product/camping/tents/awesome_tent`
     * instead of `/product/camping%2Ftents%2Fawesome_tent`.
     *
     * ---
     *
     * Note: this value overrides the `raw` value on a custom parameter type ([[ParamTypeDefinition.raw]]).
     *
     * ### Decoding warning
     *
     * The decoding behavior of raw parameters is not defined.
     * For example, given a url template such as `/:raw1/:raw2`
     * the url `/foo/bar/baz/qux/`, there is no way to determine which slashes belong to which params.
     *
     * It's generally safe to use a raw parameter at the end of a path, like '/product/:slug'.
     * However, beware of the characters you allow in your raw parameter values.
     * Avoid unencoded characters that could disrupt normal URL parsing, such as `?` and `#`.
     *
     * ---
     *
     * Default: `false`
     */
    raw: boolean;
    /**
     * Enables/disables inheriting of this parameter's value
     *
     * When a transition is run with [[TransitionOptions.inherit]] set to
     * `true`, the current param values are inherited in the new transition.
     * However, parameters values which have `inherit: false` set  will *not be inherited*.
     *
     * #### Example state :
     * ```js
     * var fooState = {
     *   name: 'foo',
     *   url: '/:fooId?mode&refresh',
     *   params: {
     *     refresh: { inherit: false }
     *   }
     * }
     *
     * // Set fooId to 123
     * $state.go('fooState', { fooId: 1234, mode: 'list', refresh: true });
     * ```
     *
     * In the component:
     * `mode: 'list' is inherited, but refresh: true is not inherited.
     * // The param values are thus: `{ fooId: 4567, mode: 'list' }`
     * ```
     * <ui-sref="foo({ fooId: 4567 })">4567</ui-sref>
     * ```
     *
     * ---
     *
     * See also [[TransitionOptions.inherit]] and [[ParamTypeDefinition.inherit]]
     *
     * ---
     *
     * Default: `true`
     */
    inherit: boolean;
}
/** @internalapi */
export interface Replace {
    from: string;
    to: string;
}
/**
 * Describes a custom [[ParamType]]
 *
 * See: [[UrlMatcherFactory.type]]
 *
 * A developer can create a custom parameter type definition to customize the encoding and decoding of parameter values.
 * The definition should implement all the methods of this interface.
 *
 * Parameter values are parsed from the URL as strings.
 * However, it is often useful to parse the string into some other form, such as:
 *
 * - integer
 * - date
 * - array of <integer/date/string>
 * - custom object
 * - some internal string representation
 *
 * Typed parameter definitions control how parameter values are encoded (to the URL) and decoded (from the URL).
 * UI-Router always provides the decoded parameter values to the user (from methods such as [[Transition.params]])).
 *
 * For example, if a state has a url of `/foo/{fooId:int}` (the `fooId` parameter is of the `int` ParamType)
 * and if the browser is at `/foo/123`, then the 123 is parsed as an integer:
 *
 * ```js
 * var fooId = transition.params().fooId;
 * fooId === "123" // false
 * fooId === 123 // true
 * ```
 *
 *
 * #### Examples
 *
 * This example encodes an array of integers as a dash-delimited string to be used in the URL.
 *
 * If we call `$state.go('foo', { fooIds: [20, 30, 40] });`, the URL changes to `/foo/20-30-40`.
 * If we navigate to `/foo/1-2-3`, the `foo` state's onEnter logs `[1, 2, 3]`.
 *
 * @example
 * ```
 *
 * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('intarray', {
 *   // Take an array of ints [1,2,3] and return a string "1-2-3"
 *   encode: (array) => array.join("-"),
 *
 *   // Take an string "1-2-3" and return an array of ints [1,2,3]
 *   decode: (str) => str.split("-").map(x => parseInt(x, 10)),
 *
 *   // Match the encoded string in the URL
 *   pattern: new RegExp("[0-9]+(?:-[0-9]+)*")
 *
 *   // Ensure that the (decoded) object is an array, and that all its elements are numbers
 *   is: (obj) => Array.isArray(obj) &&
 *       obj.reduce((acc, item) => acc && typeof item === 'number', true),
 *
 *   // Compare two arrays of integers
 *   equals: (array1, array2) => array1.length === array2.length &&
 *       array1.reduce((acc, item, idx) => acc && item === array2[idx], true);
 * });
 *
 * $stateProvider.state('foo', {
 *   url: "/foo/{fooIds:intarray}",
 *   onEnter: function($transition$) {
 *     console.log($transition$.fooIds); // Logs "[1, 2, 3]"
 *   }
 * });
 * ```
 *
 *
 * This example decodes an integer from the URL.
 * It uses the integer as an index to look up an item from a static list.
 * That item from the list is the decoded parameter value.
 *
 * @example
 * ```
 *
 * var list = ['John', 'Paul', 'George', 'Ringo'];
 *
 * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('listItem', {
 *   encode: function(item) {
 *     // Represent the list item in the URL using its corresponding index
 *     return list.indexOf(item);
 *   },
 *   decode: function(item) {
 *     // Look up the list item by index
 *     return list[parseInt(item, 10)];
 *   },
 *   is: function(item) {
 *     // Ensure the item is valid by checking to see that it appears
 *     // in the list
 *     return list.indexOf(item) > -1;
 *   }
 * });
 *
 * $stateProvider.state('list', {
 *   url: "/list/{item:listItem}",
 *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
 *     console.log($stateParams.item);
 *   }
 * });
 *
 * // ...
 *
 * // Changes URL to '/list/3', logs "Ringo" to the console
 * $state.go('list', { item: "Ringo" });
 * ```
 *
 * See: [[UrlConfigApi.type]]
 * @coreapi
 */
export interface ParamTypeDefinition {
    /**
     * A regular expression that matches the encoded parameter type
     *
     * This regular expression is used to match an encoded parameter value **in the URL**.
     *
     * For example, if your type encodes as a dash-separated numbers, match that here:
     * `new RegExp("[0-9]+(?:-[0-9]+)*")`.
     *
     * There are some limitations to these regexps:
     *
     * - No capturing groups are allowed (use non-capturing groups: `(?: )`)
     * - No pattern modifiers like case insensitive
     * - No start-of-string or end-of-string: `/^foo$/`
     */
    pattern?: RegExp;
    /**
     * Disables url-encoding of parameter values
     *
     * If a parameter type is declared `raw`, it will not be url-encoded.
     * Custom encoding can still be applied in the [[encode]] function.
     *
     * ### Decoding warning
     *
     * The decoding behavior of raw parameters is not defined.
     * See: [[ParamDeclaration.raw]] for details
     */
    raw?: boolean;
    /**
     * Enables/disables inheriting of parameter values (of this type)
     *
     * When a transition is run with [[TransitionOptions.inherit]] set to
     * `true`, the current param values are inherited in the new transition.
     * However, parameters whose type has `inherit: false` set  will *not be inherited*.
     *
     * The internal parameter type of `hash` has `inherit: false`.
     * This is used to disable inheriting of the hash value (`#`) on subsequent transitions.
     *
     * #### Example:
     * ```js
     * $state.go('home', { '#': 'inboxAnchor' });
     * ...
     * // "#" is not inherited.
     * // The value of the "#" parameter will be `null`
     * // The url's hash will be cleared.
     * $state.go('home.nest');
     * ```
     *
     * ---
     *
     * See also [[TransitionOptions.inherit]] and [[ParamDeclaration.inherit]]
     *
     */
    inherit?: boolean;
    /**
     * Dynamic flag
     *
     * When `dynamic` is `true`, changes to the parameter value will not cause the state to be entered/exited.
     *
     * Normally, if a parameter value changes, the state which declared that the parameter will be reloaded (entered/exited).
     * When a parameter is `dynamic`, a transition still occurs, but it does not cause the state to exit/enter.
     *
     * Default: `false`
     */
    dynamic?: boolean;
    /**
     * Tests if some object type is compatible with this parameter type
     *
     * Detects whether some value is of this particular type.
     * Accepts a decoded value and determines whether it matches this `ParamType` object.
     *
     * If your custom type encodes the parameter to a specific type, check for that type here.
     * For example, if your custom type decodes the URL parameter value as an array of ints, return true if the
     * input is an array of ints:
     *
     * ```
     * is: (val) => Array.isArray(val) && array.reduce((acc, x) => acc && parseInt(val, 10) === val, true)
     * ```
     *
     * If your type decodes the URL parameter value to a custom string, check that the string matches
     * the pattern (don't use an arrow fn if you need `this`): `function (val) { return !!this.pattern.exec(val) }`
     *
     * Note: This method is _not used to check if the URL matches_.
     * It's used to check if a _decoded value *is* this type_.
     * Use [[pattern]] to check the encoded value in the URL.
     *
     * @param val The value to check.
     * @param key If the type check is happening in the context of a specific [[UrlMatcher]]  object,
     *        this is the name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
     *        meta-programming of `ParamType` objects.
     * @returns `true` if the value matches the type, otherwise `false`.
     */
    is(val: any, key?: string): boolean;
    /**
     * Encodes a custom/native type value to a string that can be embedded in a URL.
     *
     * Note that the return value does *not* need to be URL-safe (i.e. passed through `encodeURIComponent()`).
     * It only needs to be a representation of `val` that has been encoded as a string.
     *
     * For example, if your custom type decodes to an array of ints, then encode the array of ints to a string here:
     *
     * ```js
     * encode: (intarray) => intarray.join("-")
     * ```
     *
     * Note: in general, [[encode]] and [[decode]] should be symmetrical.  That is, `encode(decode(str)) === str`
     *
     * @param val The value to encode.
     * @param key The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for meta-programming of `ParamType` objects.
     * @returns a string representation of `val` that can be encoded in a URL.
     */
    encode(val: any, key?: string): (string | string[]);
    /**
     * Decodes a parameter value string (from URL string or transition param) to a custom/native value.
     *
     * For example, if your type decodes to an array of ints, then decode the string as an array of ints here:
     * ```js
     * decode: (str) => str.split("-").map(str => parseInt(str, 10))
     * ```
     *
     * Note: in general, [[encode]] and [[decode]] should be symmetrical.  That is, `encode(decode(str)) === str`
     *
     * @param val The URL parameter value to decode.
     * @param key The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for meta-programming of `ParamType` objects.
     * @returns a custom representation of the URL parameter value.
     */
    decode(val: string, key?: string): any;
    /**
     * Determines whether two decoded values are equivalent.
     *
     * For example, if your type decodes to an array of ints, then check if the arrays are equal:
     * ```js
     * equals: (a, b) => a.length === b.length && a.reduce((acc, x, idx) => acc && x === b[idx], true)
     * ```
     *
     * @param a A value to compare against.
     * @param b A value to compare against.
     * @returns `true` if the values are equivalent/equal, otherwise `false`.
     */
    equals(a: any, b: any): boolean;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I've been busy creating for my daughter's birthday party. I 'thought' this year she was going to pick Mickey Mouse... she was after all way into the clubhouse show all summer. But, there was a last minute winner :) She has recently fallen in LOVE with Daniel Tiger. And I have to admit, it is a pretty awesome show for toddlers.
So, when asked what she wanted for her birthday- Mickey or Daniel- the answer was very clear. DANIEL TIGER (combine it with lots of smiles, dancing, and cue music as she sings the song...). The only problem- there is really NO Daniel Tiger birthday supplies out there. He is just to new.
I started by making some DSP that I could use for the rest of my projects. Check it out.
This one was made to match the colors of all the main characters. I just used the color picking tool on an image of the characters and added a bunch of stripes (i.e. resized square punches). I was really happy with how this turned out, as I often don't do 'random' too well.
This one however is my favorite! I wanted it to look like the cobblestone road that runs through town, which seems iconic of the show since it is in a lot of the shots. Isn't it sweet! I made two personalized punches for the cobblestones. Then filled them with the same colors as the paper above, made them different sizes, and turned down the opacity. It turned out SO SWEET! Love love love.
Flutterby again soon to see some of the awesome projects I made using them!
This theme reminds me of an event space San Francisco that was completely decorated according to this theme and it looks magnificent. It is a nice theme for a kid's birthday party. I keep saving such posts so that I can organize things for my niece and nephew on their birthdays.
Happy Golden Birthday Stampin' Up!
MDS Library? There's an app for that!
Oh My Gosh! LOVE the new MDS Print Options!!


text:
Home › Science Overview › Material Science
ScienceMaterial Science
Polymer Multilayer Electrodes
Towards Interference-free Detection of Analytes and Efficient Energy Conversion Systems
Fig. 1: Schematic of the polymer double layer H2ase-based H2 oxidation bioanode with additional O2 shield (a) and molecular structures of the polymers used for the formation of the individual polymer layers (b). Figure adapted from ref. [4].
Fig. 2: Chronoamperometry of the protected H2ase-based bioanode depicted in Figure 1 (a) and power curves of the glucose/O2 powered BFC equipped with an O2 tolerant GOx-based bioanode incorporating a lactate oxidase/catalase shield (b) showing the effect of active protection. Figures adapted from refs. [4,5].
Read article as PDF
Enzymes are natures´ highly active biocatalysts for a manifold of conversions of biologically relevant substances and the activation of small molecules. Thus, they are important elements in the metabolism of organisms. Redox proteins are a specific sub-class of enzymes that catalyze redox reactions, a process in which an electron transfer step is involved.
The electrical coupling of such biocatalysts with electrode surfaces either in a direct electron transfer regime, where the enzyme is directly wired to the electrode surface, or in a mediated electron transfer regime, where an electron relay matrix is used for electron transfer between electrode and protein, allows for the direct control over the catalytic reaction by applying appropriate potentials to the electrochemical transducer. Hence, redox enzymes can be used to drive the production/conversion of a certain product/substrate like the energy vector H2 for energy storage/conversion systems by wiring of so-called hydrogenases or the oxidation/reduction of important analytes like glucose by wiring sugar converting oxidases (e.g. glucose oxidase (GOx) and others).
The high activity of enzymes makes them highly suitable to act as biocatalysts or biorecognition elements in efficient energy conversion systems and sensitive sensor devices. However, their high turnover rates are often coupled to a rather high intrinsic instability against inhibitors/interferences. Moreover, the selectivity of the enzymes is often related to a specific compound class (e.g. sugars) rather than to an individual molecule, which might be the substance of interest. Evidently, these features limit the use of such redox proteins in technological applications and intelligent electrode design with multifunctional properties is highly desired, including an active layer (Figure 1a, blue shaded area) and a protection shield (red shaded area) able to remove detrimental compounds and interfering co-substrates.
Polymer Multilayer Systems For the Full Protection of Hydrogenases
Recently, the authors of this article demonstrated that by incorporation into a low potential viologen modified polymer (an example is shown in Figure 1b, blue) that is capable of reducing O2, highly air-sensitive hydrogenases (H2ases) like [NiFe]- [1] or [NiFeSe]-H2ases [2] which are promising alternatives for noble metal catalysts in fuel cells, can be efficiently protected from harmful O2 under turnover conditions [1].
While this single layer system (polymer/H2ase layer) prevents a deactivation of the catalyst in the active layer, the current output of the electrode and thus also the power output of a corresponding biofuel cell (BFC) is reduced because electrons generated from H2 oxidation (i.e. the conversion of the fuel) are used for the reduction of O2 at the reduced viologen mediator species [1,2]. Hence, protection systems that are decoupled from the H2 oxidation process are highly desired.
Stimulated by these results, the possibility to introduce alternative protection strategies to fully protect the hydrogenase and decouple the protection mechanism from the catalytically active layer to prevent a decrease in current in the presence of O2 were exploited. An efficient way of O2 removal is provided by the bienzymatic reaction cascade based on an oxidase and catalase (CAT) [3]. The oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of a substrate (eq. 1), e.g. glucose in case of GOx, with the concomitant consumption of O2 that is the natural electron acceptor in this system. The formed H2O2 is then further disproportioned by catalase to harmless H2O and ½ O2 again (eq. 2). Hence, in each catalytic cycle, ½ O2 molecule is removed (eq. 3).
Oxidase:
substrate + O2 → product + H2O2 (1)
Catalase :
H2O2 → H2O + ½ O2 (2)
Net reaction:
substrate + ½ O2 → product + H2O (3)
Evidently, the use of such an O2 removal system in a BFC requires the immobilization of the individual components to avoid side reactions at the opposite electrode. Thus, a redox silent but rather hydrophilic polymer (P(SS-GMA-BA), Figure 1b) has been used for immobilization of the oxidase and catalase on the electrode surface, ensuring a solvated environment for the enzymes [4]. For the fully protected H2 oxidizing H2ase-based bioanode a polymer multilayer approach with an underlying active H2ase ([NiFe]- or [NiFeSe]-H2ase)/redox polymer layer and an O2 removal layer bearing a sugar converting oxidase GOx and catalase were selected (Figure 1a). In contrast to the electrodes equipped only with the H2ase/polymer layer the developed polymer multilayer-based bioanodes show a constant current output even in the presence of up to 5 % O2 in the gas feed (Figure 2a) [4].
The lifetime of the bioanodes could be considerably enhanced by using pyranose oxidase as sugar converting oxidase instead of GOx for the O2 removal layer since this enzyme produces a stable product that is not prone to undergo side reactions which may influence the activity of the electrode. This nicely demonstrates that not only the electrode architecture but also the type and nature of the used proteins in the protection layer is crucial to contribute to the stability of the electrode.
A Glucose/O2 BFC Based On an O2 Tolerant GOx/Polymer Bioanode
Since the active layer and the protection layer are decoupled from each other, this protection strategy can be transposed to other O2 sensitive systems. GOx is a highly active, cheap, and robust enzyme that is used as catalyst for the fabrication of bioanodes in many glucose/O2-based BFCs. However, the fact that O2 acts as the natural electron acceptor for GOx hampers the fabrication of a simple membrane-free BFC. A common approach to circumvent the O2 dilemma is based on the use of O2 insensitive but usually more complex sugar converting enzymes like dehydrogenases. Moreover, for reasonable performance of a BFC, low potential mediators must still be used which may act as catalyst for the reduction of O2 and thus lower the power output of the assembled device. By combining the oxidase/catalase-based O2 removal layer with a redox polymer/GOx active layer, it was possible to build an O2 tolerant bioanode that could be operated under ambient conditions in combination with a bilirubin oxidase-based biocathode in a glucose/O2 powered membrane-free BFC.[5] As oxidase for the O2 shield, lactate oxidase was used that converts lactate into pyruvate in the presence of O2. This makes this bioanode highly attractive for implantable sensors (e.g. for glucose) since lactate is present in blood in sufficiently high concentrations.
Interference-free Detection of Lactose
The protection shield comprised of the bienzymatic system does not only remove O2 but also the corresponding substrate (eq. 3) i.e. glucose in case of GOx. Consequently, a protection layer was integrated into a cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH)-based biosensor for the detection of lactose in the presence of high concentrations of glucose in dairy products [6]. The enzyme catalyzed splitting of lactose into its monosaccharides galactose and glucose is conventionally used during the production of lactose-free products thus leading to high concentrations of glucose. Since, standard CDHs show high turnover rates for the conversion of lactose and glucose, the removal of the latter is a prerequisite for the quantification of the target analyte in lactose-free products. The sensor was able to detect lactose in the µM level in the presence of up to 140 mM glucose which was removed at the polymer/electrolyte interface [6].
Polymer multilayer structured bioelectrodes equipped with an active layer and a carefully designed interference removal layer represent a powerful strategy for enhanced power outputs in energy conversion systems (e.g. H2 or glucose oxidation in BFCs) and interference-free detection with amperometric biosensors. It can be anticipated that this protection concept can be transposed to any sensitive catalyst since the active layer and the protection layer are decoupled from each other. Moreover, specific enzyme cascade reactions by incorporation of additional biocatalysts in the hydrophilic polymer layers might become accessible that can even further enhance the performance of the active or the protection layer.
Julian Szczesny1, Felipe Conzuelo1, Adrian Ruff1
1Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Dr. Adrian Ruff
Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
adrian.ruff@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
[1] N. Plumeré, O. Rüdiger, A. A. Oughli, R. Williams, J. Vivekananthan, S. Pöller, W. Schuhmann, W. Lubitz, A redox hydrogel protects hydrogenase from high-potential deactivation and oxygen damage, Nat. Chem. 2014, 6, 822, DOI 10.1038/NCHEM.2022.
[2] A. Ruff, J. Szczesny, S. Zacarias, I. A. C. Pereira, N. Plumeré, W. Schuhmann, Protection and Reactivation of the [NiFeSe] Hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hidenborough under Oxidative Conditions, ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 2, 964, DOI 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00167.
[3] N. Plumeré, Anal. Bioanal. Interferences from oxygen reduction reactions in bioelectroanalytical measurements: the case study of nitrate and nitrite biosensors, Chem. 2013, 405, 3731, DOI 10.1007/s00216-013-6827-z.
[4] A. Ruff, J. Szczesny, N. Marković, F. Conzuelo, S. Zacarias, I. A. C. Pereira, W. Lubitz, W. Schuhmann, A fully protected hydrogenase/polymer-based bionode for high-performance hydrogen/glucose biofuel cells, Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3675, DOI 10.1038/s41467-018-06106-3.
[5] F. Lopez, S. Zerria, A. Ruff, W. Schuhmann, An O2 Tolerant Polymer/Glucose Oxidase Based Bioanode as Basis for a Self-powered Glucose Sensor, Electroanalysis 2018, 30, 1311, DOI 10.1002/elan.201700785.
[6] F. Lopez, S. Ma, R. Ludwig, W. Schuhmann, A. Ruff, A Polymer Multilayer Based Amperometric Biosensor for the Detection of Lactose in the Presence of High Concentrations of Glucose, Electroanalysis 2017, 29, 154, DOI 10.1002/elan.201600575.
Adrian Ruff
Felipe Conzuelo
Julian Szczesny
Universität Bochum
Sniffing out Decay
Hydrodynamics Meets Topology
The Wonder Material Graphene
Silicon-Based Tandem Solar Cells
Creating Biointerfaces

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Energy can never be created nor destroyed but only transformed from one form to another. This is not just a scientific law , but also holds good in human life also. This means that when we spend our energy in our actions, it get transformed into other forms.
" We cannot create luck energy from nothing , it can only be transformed from other form of Energy. We have to lose one form of energy to gain another form of energy". This is Universal Law What we want to lose and gain is our free will or choice. That is the only free -will we really have.
Each human has a battery generating " SAL Energy " to be used for creating health, wealth, knowledge, career, relationships etc. Like our batteries the duration and the amount of Energy supplied depends on how much we spend it. The life of every human being differs from others due to the difference in the efficient balanced use and avoidance of wastage of Energy.
The key aspect to understand is that, we all have limited SAL energy for us to spend. If we over spend in one aspect, then we are creating a low energy level, like using a battery for running all the appliances in a house. The battery size determine how much energy it can supply. This is how each human being differs from each other based on their battery supplying SAL Energy.
The low energy we create is astrologically seen as "Bad time". The only logic is to generate Energy to create "Good time". All astrological remedies are meant for this Energy generation to keep life comfortable and happy.


When many people think of interactive voice response solutions (IVR), they recall pre-recorded voice prompts and menus. Streamlining customer service response and quickly routing callers to the correct department was the original purpose of early IVR solutions. Modern IVR software functions with many more features, enabling input and responses to be gathered through the use of language with voice recognition.
How Does Modern IVR Software Function?
Advances in IVR software allow users to retrieve static information such as account balances, transportation schedules, order status, event information, and more from the convenience of any telephone. Modern IVR solutions are now being utilized to place outbound calls for the purpose of collecting information. The information can be interpreted by the system and entered as data and routed to the appropriate location for processing.
Improved customer service and caller satisfaction by offering a streamlined system.
Reduced need for additional employees when handling calls.
Reduced wait times and ease of system navigation.
Efficient use of existing staff to address complex issues, rather than handle calls.
Reduced overhead by reducing human involvement for requests for static information.
A primary goal of any business is to improve customer satisfaction. Implementing automation by streamlined access to customer data not only frees up employees, but accommodates customers within an efficient manner that consumers have come to expect. Transitioning customer interactions to email, social media, and text messaging are also part of IVR solutions and have all become acceptable forms of communicating information to customers.
M&C's IVR Optimization services are designed to assist your enterprise with optimizing usability and overall performance of your Interactive Voice Response system. A complete analysis of your business IVR call flow and customer behaviors will be conducted in order to understand customer behavior and where breakdowns are occuring. M&C will provide a comprehensive business analysis of your current IVR application and will provide suggestions for optimization.


text:
Sims wins SIU Presidential Scholarship
by K.C. Jaehnig
CARBONDALE, Ill. -- Adam Sims of Benton (9317 Water Road) has won a Presidential Scholarship that will pay for his tuition, fees, room and board at Southern Illinois University Carbondale for each of the next four years.
Worth about $56,000 in all, the grants are the largest awarded to the University's undergraduates.
The late James E. Walker, former president of SIU, set up the Presidential Scholarships in 2001. Each year, they go to 19 Illinois students who have demonstrated leadership qualities and who have at least a 3.75 grade-point average on a 4.0 scale and a minimum ACT composite score of 29.
A graduate of Christopher High School, Sims plans to major in mechanical engineering at SIUC. He served as co-captain of the varsity football team and for all four years played an active role in the Scholar Bowl and in Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering.
Sims is the son of Jewell and Donna Sims.
Strengthening the undergraduate scholarship program is among the goals of Southern at 150: Building Excellence Through Commitment, the blueprint the University is following as it approaches its 150th anniversary in 2019.


[M&A] OCI, 신성장 동력 바이오 사업 키운다…"M&A, 파이프라인 확대" 모색 / [M&A] OCI to grow new growth engine bio business..."M&A, Expand Pipeline"
산업화학 전문기업인 OCI가 바이오사업 확대에 나선다. 태양광 사업 악화로 인해 실적이 부진해지고 있는 가운데 신성장동력 사업으로 적극 활용하기 위한 일환에서다. 재무구조 개선을 바탕으로 바이오사업의 인수합병(M&A)까지도 고려하고 있다.
5일 업계에 따르면 OCI는 지난 1일 3분기 실적 발표자료를 통해 "바이오 사업에서 인수합병(M&A)을 포함한 투자, 라이선스인 또는 파이프라인 개발 등을 통해 신규 매출원을 창출할 계획"이라고 밝혔다. 일반적 재무투자와는 방향을 다르게, 장기 전략적 투자자로 나설 것이라고도 강조했다.
OCI가 바이오 사업 확대를 위해 M&A에 나설 여력은 충분한 상태다. 지난해 초부터 자금확보를 위해 움직여왔다. OCI의 현금 및 현금성 자산(이하 현금성 자산)은 지난 6월 말 기준 1조587억원이다.
2016년 3386억원까지 줄었던 현금성 자산은 지난해 9139억원을 기록한 뒤 꾸준히 상승세를 보이고 있다.
OCI의 현금 여력이 급격히 불어난 배경으로는 사업구조조정이 한몫 했다. OCI는 2014년부터 OCI SNF, OCI케미칼, OCI머티리얼즈 등 계열사를 매각해 1조원이 넘는 유동성을 확보했다. 특히 지난해 태양광 사업의 약진도 현금 확보 여력 확대를 도왔다.
그러나 최근 상황은 다르다. 글로벌 시장에서 태양광 사업의 사정이 녹록치 않다. OCI 폴리실리콘 수출의 70% 이상을 흡수하던 중국은 지난 5월 신규 태양광 발전소 건설 제한 및 보조금 축소를 밝혔다. OCI가 바이오사업을 신성장 동력으로 키우고 있는 이유다.
물론 OCI가 주력사업인 태양광사업을 축소한다는 것은 아니다. 최대 시장인 중국의 정책 변화로 시장이 축소된 것은 사실잊만 인도네시아, 인도, 브라질 등의 국가에서 수요증가에 따른 전망이 밝기 때문이다. 태양광사업의 그룹 매출 집중도를 줄이고, 신성장동력 사업 확대를 통해 안정적인 매출 확보를 유지하며 지속성장을 위한 시너지효과를 기대하고 있다는 얘기다.
실제 OCI 측은 "태양광 시황이 중기적으로만 보면 중국의 갑작스런 정책 변화로 시장이 많이 축소됐지만 내년부터는 상당부분 회복될 수 있을 것"이라고 밝힌 것도 이 때문이다.
OCI는 올해초부터 태양광 사업과 함께 그룹 신성장 동력 사업군으로 바이오 사업을 낙점하며 상당한 공을 들였다.
지난 7월 바이오사업부를 신설하고 시장 진출을 선언했다. 대웅제약 연구소장을 지낸 최수진 전 산업통상자원부 R&D전략기획단 신산업MD를 제약바이오총괄 부사장으로 영입하는 등 중장기적으로 사업확대를 하겠다는 뜻을 강조해왔다.
국내외에서 유망한 신약 후보물질을 보유한 바이오벤처를 인수하거나, 지분투자하는 방식으로 신약 파이프라인을 점차 확보하겠다는 것이다.
최수진 OCI 부사장은 지난 7월 기업설명회에서 "OCI는 케미칼 제조에 대한 세계적인 역량을 갖췄고 다양한 M&D와 파트너십 경험이 많다"며 "바이오산업은 혼자 할 수 없는 만큼 M&A, 라이선스인 등 오픈이노베이션을 통해 또 하나의 바이오 신화를 만들기 위해 노력하겠다"고 밝힌 바 있다.
M&A업계는 OCI가 지난 5월 부광약품과 합작투자사를 설립한 만큼 바이오 관련 사업 확대에 적극 나설 것으로 보고 있다. OCI는 2025년까지 전체 매출의 절반을 바이오에서 창출하겠다는 청사진을 세우는 등 신약 개발 기술을 확보한 글로벌 바이오업체 M&A 등을 검토하고 있는 것으로 알려졌다.
M&A업계 한 관계자는 "태양광 사업의 하반기 시황이 좋지 못하는 만큼 OCI가 신약 개발 및 파이프라인 구축 등에 박차를 가할 것"이라며 "M&A를 비롯해 유망벤처 지분 투자 등을 통한 신약개발활동에 적극 나설 가능성이 어느때 보다 높다"고 말했다.
[M&A] OCI to grow new growth engine bio business..."M&A, Expand Pipeline"
OCI, which specializes in industrial chemistry, is planning to expand its bio business. The move is part of efforts to actively utilize the company as a new growth engine business amid its lackluster performance due to the worsening solar energy business. Based on the improved financial structure, the company is even considering M&As for its bio business.
According to industries on the 5th, OCI made an announcement on its third quarter performance on the 1st that it plans to create new sources of sales through investments including M&As, licensees or development of pipelines in its He also stressed that he will become a long-term strategic investor, which is different from general financial investment.
There is ample room for OCI to launch M&A to expand its bio business. It has been moving to secure funds since early last year. OCI's cash and cashable assets (the cashable assets below) stood at 1.58 trillion won as of the end of June.
Cashable assets, which decreased to 338.6 billion won in 2016, have been on a steady rise since hitting 913.9 billion won last year.
Business restructuring played a part in the OCI's sharp rise in its cash reserves. Since 2014, OCI has secured more than 1 trillion won in liquidity by selling affiliates such as OCI SNF, OCI Chemical and OCI Materials. In particular, the advance of the solar energy business last year also helped expand the leeway to secure cash.
However, the situation is different recently. The situation in the solar energy business is not smooth in the global market. China, which had absorbed more than 70 percent of OCI polysilicon exports, announced in May restrictions on the construction of new solar power plants and reduced subsidies. This is why OCI is developing its bio business as a new growth engine.
Of course, OCI does not mean that it will scale back its main business, the solar energy business. China's policy change, the biggest market, has reduced the market, in fact, because of the bright prospects of rising demand in countries such as Indonesia, India and Brazil. In other words, it is expecting synergy effects for sustainable growth by reducing focus on group sales in solar energy business, securing stable sales through expansion of new growth engine businesses.
"This is why the market has been reduced a lot due to sudden changes in China's policy in the mid-term, but it will be able to recover from next year," OCI said.
OCI has made considerable efforts since early this year, naming its bio business as the group's new growth-powered business group along with its solar energy business.
It established a new bio business division in July and announced its entry into the market. Choi Soo-jin, former head of the Daewoong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, has stressed his intention to expand the business in the mid- and long-term by recruiting new industrial MD, a R&D strategic planning unit of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, as vice president of the pharmaceutical bio unit.
The company intends to gradually secure new drug pipelines by acquiring bioventures that possess promising new drug candidate materials at home and abroad or by investing in equity.
"OCI has global capabilities in manufacturing chemical materials and has many experiences in partnership with various M&Ds." said Vice-President Choi Soo-jin of OCI during a corporate briefing in July. "Since bio industry cannot do it alone, we will make efforts to create another bio myth through open innovation such as M&A and licensee."
The M&A industry expects OCI to actively expand its bio-related business as it set up a joint venture with Bookwang Pharmaceutical in May. OCI is reportedly considering global bio firm M&A, which has secured technologies to develop new drugs, with a blueprint to generate half of its total sales from bio by 2025.
"As the market is not favorable in the second half of this year, OCI will accelerate its efforts to develop new drugs and build pipelines," an M&A industry source said. "It is more likely than ever that OCI will actively engage in new drug development activities through investments in M&A and other promising ventures."


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Top 20 Quotations To Celebrate Black History Month
"I am America. I am the part you won't recognize. But get used to me. Black, confident, cocky; my name, not yours; my religion, not yours; my goals, my own; get used to me." — Muhammad Ali The Greatest (1975)
"Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave, I am the dream and the hope of the slave. I rise I rise I rise." — Maya Angelou "Still I rise," And Still I Rise (1978)
"Racism is not an excuse to not do the best you can." — Arthur Ashe quoted in Sports Illustrated
"Just like you can buy grades of silk, you can buy grades of justice. " — Ray Charles
"The past is a ghost, the future a dream. All we ever have is now. " — Bill Cosby
"There is no negro problem. The problem is whether the American people have loyalty enough, honor enough, patriotism enough, to live up to their own constitution…" — Frederick Douglass
"You can be up to your boobies in white satin, with gardenias in your hair and no sugar cane for miles, but you can still be working on a plantation." — Billie Holiday
"Greatness occurs when your children love you, when your critics respect you and when you have peace of mind. " — Quincy Jones
" Do not call for black power or green power. Call for brain power." — Barbara Jordan
"Almost always, the creative dedicated minority has made the world better." — Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
"The battles that count aren't the ones for gold medals. The struggles within yourself–the invisible, inevitable battles inside all of us–that's where it's at." — Jesse Owens, Blackthink (1970)
"I have learned over the years that when one's mind is made up, this diminshes fear." — Rosa Parks
"Have a vision. Be demanding. " — Colin Powell
"Be black, shine, aim high. " — Leontyne Price
"God gives nothing to those who keep their arms crossed. " — African Proverb
"Freedom is never given; it is won." — A. Philip Randolph in keynote speech given at the Second National Negro Congress in 1937
"When I found I had crossed that line, [on her first escape from slavery, 1845] I looked at my hands to see if I was the same person. There was such a glory over everything." — Harriet Tubman
"Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed." — Booker T. Washington
"Black people have always been America's wilderness in search of a promised land." — Cornel West, Race Matters
"We should emphasize not Negro History, but the Negro in history. What we need is not a history of selected races or nations, but the history of the world void of national bias, race hate, and religious prejudice." — Carter Woodson on founding Negro History Week, 1926
Resource Box – © Danielle Hollister (2005) is the Publisher of BellaOnline Quotations Zine
– A free newsletter for quote lovers featuring more than 10,000 quotations in dozens of categories like – love, friendship, children, inspiration, success, wisdom, family, life, and many more. Read it – online
Article Source: https://EzineArticles.com/expert/Danielle_Hollister/163
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102247.MOV from Joe Schubach on Vimeo.
Cushion cut solitaire engagement ring with approximately 1/10ct t.w. round diamonds set around four prong head. Fits a 6.5mm (1.38ct) cushion cut center stone (setting only, does not include center stone or matching wedding band).


An easy and delicious cheesy gluten-free bread with its roots in Ecuador. Pan de Yuca will become a dinner table staple in no time!
I first encountered Pan de Yuca when I first entered Ecuador by bus--smack dab in the middle of a year long journey that began in Costa Rica. I lived in the small village of Peguche for 3 months, visiting the markets of neighboring Otavalo a few times a week. Pan de Yuca was one such thing that stuck with me from those visits, as I absolutely fell in love with Yuca (not to be confused with Yucca), finding myself eating it nearly every day just about any way you could buy it or prepare it!
Yuca, also known as manioc or cassava, is an amazing tuber that cooks similarly to potato but has a unique and satisfying flavor all of its own. I was delightfully happy to discover that here in the states you can easily purchase Tapioca starch/flour, which is the powdered form of this much loved Latin American root.
While traditionally made with freshly made queso blanco in Ecuador, I chose to make it with a blend of feta & parmesan for an extra dose of cheesy flavor, as I am a self admitted cheese fiend! But, if you would like to be more traditional, you can make this with queso fresco instead (easily found here in the states).
This bread is so very wonderfully chewy and cheesy, and whether or not you adhere to a gluten free diet, I promise that you will be amazed by this easy & tasty bread!!!
Preheat oven to 400°F. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper, set aside.In a large mixing bowl, sift together dry ingredients.In a separate bowl, mix wet ingredients & cheese until evenly combined.Pour wet ingredients into dry ingredients and stir until smoothly combined. Let batter sit for a few minutes.Knead dough until you have one smooth round ball. Divide dough into 12 rounds.Place rounds on your parchment line baking sheet & place on the middle rack of your preheated oven.Bake for 20 minutes, then turn on the broiler and broil for 10 minutes or until firm & beginning to brown.Best served fresh & warm--but also stores well in the fridge & reheats well in oven!Enjoy!


Detailing - Machined Block Details 18. Chapter 11 covers the benefits of additive manufacturing 3D printing , how it differs from subtractive manufacturing, and its features. The exercises analyze and examine usage competencies. However, you have to be connected with internet and you can read the online book. Each of these projects has been broken down and developed into easy and comprehendible steps for the reader.
Each of these projects have been broken down and developed into easy and comprehensible steps for the reader. Most commands covered in this book have advanced options, which may not be covered in this book. You will start by learning to model simple robot parts and before long you will graduate to creating more complex parts and multi-view drawings. In the final chapter of this book you learn how to combine all the robot parts into assemblies and then run motion analysis. It will be very importantfor you and other readers in the world.
Learn by doing, not just by reading. A detailed view of p-adaptive and h-adaptive meshing is discussed in the book. Along the way you will learn the fundamentals of parametric modeling through the use of geometric constraints and relationships. In this way, the user becomes capable of relating the things with real world. So, you can really feel content ofthe book deeply. Every lesson and exercise in this book was created based on real world projects. The later chapters focus on additional modeling, top-down assemblies, sheet metal modeling, drafting, surface modeling, mold tools, weldments, DimXpert, and rendering.
This book is focused on the processes to complete the modeling of a part, instead of focusing on individual software commands or operations, which are generally simple enough to learn. Für jeden, der nicht im Umgang mit SolidWorks schon perfekt ist, ein Gewinn. The goal is to illustrate how multiple design situations and systematic steps combine to produce successful designs. Revolved Parts - Ball Joint Arm Derived Sketches - Center Ball Joint 6. The book provides access to over 250 models, their solutions and additional support materials. Auflage wurde auf SolidWorks 2016 angepasst. A detailed view of p-adaptive and h-adaptive meshing is discussed in the book.
The book covers almost all the information required by a learner to master the SolidWorks Simulation. This book continues by examining the different mechanisms commonly used in walking robots. Furthermore, at the end of every chapter there are self test questionnaires to ensure that you have gained sufficient knowledge from each section before moving on to more advanced lessons. Format it however you want! Understand the terms and technology used in low cost 3D printers. On-line intelligent catalogs guide designers to the product that meets both their geometric requirements and performance functionality. Actually, as a reader, you can get many lessons of life. You will learn the basic types of planar four-bar linkages commonly used in mechanical designs and how to use the GeoGebra Dynamic Geometry software to simulate and analyze 2D linkages.
The text covers parts, surfaces, SimulationXpress, sheet metal, top-down assemblies and core and cavity molds. Zur Konstruktion wurde SolidWorks 2017 verwendet, die Beispiele lassen sich jedoch auch mit den Vorgängerversionen aufbauen. Formulate the skills to create, modify and edit sketches and solid features. Es ist in erster Linie zum Allein-studium gedacht, kann aber auch schulungs- und studienbegleitend sowie als Nachschlagewerk verwendet werden. It uses a step by step tutorial approach with real world projects.
You will finish off your project by creating 3D animations of your robot in action. Every lesson and exercise in this book was created based on real world projects. Formulate the skills to create, modify and edit sketches and solid features. It uses a step by step tutorial approach with real world projects. Explore the user interface, CommandManager, menus, toolbars and modeling techniques to create parts, assemblies and drawings in an engineering environment. The author developed the industry scenarios by combining his own industry experience with the knowledge of engineers, department managers, vendors and manufacturers. There are about 900 illustrations that make the learning process effective.
Furthermore, at the end of every chapter there are self test questionnaires to ensure that the reader has gained sufficient knowledge from each section before moving on to more advanced lessons. Understand the terms and technology used in low cost 3D printers. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the widget. Learn the techniques to reuse features, parts and assemblies through symmetry, patterns, copied components, Design Tables, Bills of Materials, Custom Properties and Configurations. It uses a step by step tutorial approach with real world projects.
Reference guides located at the front of the book and in each chapter show where these performance tasks are covered. The text provides a step-by-step, project based learning approach. Learn the techniques to reuse features, parts and assemblies through symmetry, patterns, copied components, Design Tables, Bills of Materials, Custom Properties and Configurations. Auch die Ableitung normgerechter 2D-Zeichnungen sowie die Einrichtung automatischer Zeichnungsvorlagen werden ausführlich demonstriert. This book introduces SolidWorks 2011 on a step-by-step basis starting with constructing basic shapes all the way through to the creation of assembly drawings and motion analysis.


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Sweet angels, cute shepherds: Children tell the Christmas story in simple Nativity pageant
Amy McRary
Mary was lovely and serene. Joseph steady and sincere. Baby Jesus was a doll.
Here was the story of a child's birth as told by children. Simply and in less than a half-hour, children of the Episcopal Church of the Good Samaritan told the Christmas story.
Angels wore white robes, gold tinsel belts and, for some, slightly askew wings. Angel Ali Ridgeway, 5½, was happy her white tennis shoes matched her robe but vetoed a halo. The one she wore in last year's pageant didn't stay put.
A few shepherds carried brown plastic crooks, but most were too young for serious herding of anyone's flock. They didn't appear too afraid when angel Virginia Fields, 9, stood up on a pew in front of them to proclaim Jesus was born. After all, their parents were nearby.
Seven-year-old innkeeper Duncan Nelson rolled in a wheelchair, having recently broken his left leg in a rough-and-tumble game he described as soccer. But he still managed to turn sixth-grader Janie Bales as Mary and seventh-grader Joseph Brady as Joseph away from his Bethlehem hotel.
This is the Christmas story repeated in various forms and with varying budgets, staging and professionalism each December by Christian houses of worship. Programs may include a pageant, with adults and/or children, as well as choral programs or cantatas. Good Samaritan held a pageant for decades.
A go-with-the-flow pageant
The pageants trace their start back 800 years. St. Francis of Assisi is credited with staging the first in 1223, setting up a manger with an ox and donkey. In Knoxville, the community Nativity Pageant marked 50 years earlier this month with three performances at the Knoxville Civic Auditorium.
Good Samaritan's telling is, by choice, the simplest of pageants, said Ann Backus, the church director of Christian education and the pageant director for 25 years.
Its few props include a swaddled baby doll in a manger and the gold star angel Taylor Bell raised high over her head at the story's end. Carols sung by the congregation provide choral accompaniment.
Every child is welcome; each selects his or her part. There are a few guidelines. Children usually start as a baby angel, shepherd, sheep or other animal. Roles of Mary and Joseph are selected democratically. Mary's always the oldest girl who's never gotten the role. Joseph's the oldest boy never cast in the part.
Some years there's no innkeeper. Other years, he's acquired a wife. Some pageants have five shepherds; others 15. This year a camel was added. But don't expect wise men. While some pageants add them, they aren't at this Episcopal church. Their visit to Jesus is celebrated in January with Epiphany.
A 'self-explanatory' story
Sinead Doherty, 26, is Good Samaritan's youth minister. This is her 23rd pageant; she grew up playing roles in it. Now she herds its littlest angels. "There's no pressure on the kids, and everyone has fun with it," she said.
All angels are, well, angelic, but a heavenly hierarchy exists. Those with key roles such as Taylor's "star angel," Virginia's "shepherd angel" or Janie Long's role as Gabriel are played by older elementary students.
Katie Moon, 10, took her role as Joseph's donkey very seriously, acting on her hands and knees. She was the play's soldier last year. Being part of the pageant "is not something to get nervous about," she said.
"Once you are a part of it, you can understand how the Nativity went better," Katie said. "It really makes the Christmas story self-explanatory."
No lines, much love
This pageant's only rehearsal — really more of a run-through — happened the hour before the Sunday, Dec. 16, performance. Families are so busy this time of year, Backus said, and she doesn't want to add to their schedules with a practice list.
Backus led the rehearsal in the church basement, working with the older children and the play's narrators: high school freshman Lydia Fields, seventh-grader James Robert Long and sixth-grader Cordelia Nelson. The younger angels, shepherds and animals rested for their performances by watching the movie "The Best Christmas Pageant Ever."
Actors have no lines. They follow the narrators' words, silently acting their parts on the church's small, elevated stage. This year, however, one shepherd spoke a single line.
Lucy Ridgeway, 8, recited that line faultlessly, telling the other shepherds it was time to go to Bethlehem. "I asked if there was a speaking part for a young person of my age," she said.
The pageant, Lucy said, "is about Mary and the soldiers and other stuff. It tells how Jesus came to us."
So again this year, the story was told. Angels proclaimed. Mary, Joseph and the donkey went to Bethlehem. Jesus was born. Shepherds visited; more angels arrived. When the telling was over, innkeeper Duncan held up a sign with the words "The End."
Doherty said she loves "watching the joy that the children have as they do this every year."
Being in the pageant, she said, gives them "a chance just to enjoy the story and be a part of it. They learn the story by hearing it and by being in it. … And, most importantly, I think it is full of love and joy."
Christmas 2018: Where to watch, stream holiday movies, TV specials
Holiday forecast:Will Knoxville see snow this week, and maybe a white Christmas?


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Imunodifuzia radială simplă sau imunodifuzia simplă bidimensională a fost imaginată de Mancini, Carbonara și Heremans în 1965. Metoda constă în difuzia radială pasivă a unui reactant în fază lichidă (antigenele de ser) într-un gel de agaroză în care este inglobat celalalt reactant (anticorpii specifici) cu formarea unei zone (halou) de precipitare.

Dimensiunea haloului este direct proporțională cu concentrația antigenului ce difuzează și invers proporțională cu concentrația anticorpilor și înălțimea stratului de gel în care sunt înglobați. Diametrele se măsoară la 48 și 72 de ore după începerea difuziei. Rezultatele obținute se compară cu cele dintr-o
curbă standard.

Existența unei proporționalități directe între concentrația antigenului și diametrul zonei de precipitare pentru difuzia completă Mancini permite trasarea curbei
etalon prin măsurarea diametrelor de precipitare a cel puțin trei concentrații ale unui antigen de referință.

Imunodifuzia radială simplă efectuată în condiții optime prezintă coeficientul de variație sub 10%, iar sensibilitatea este de 2 µg/ml.

Concentrația antigenului (proteinei) se stabilește în funcție de curba etalon trasată cu trei diluții ale serului de referință. Rezultatele metodei se exprimă în mg/dl. Aplicații posibile sunt determinările cantitative pentru: imunoglobuline (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C3), alfa-1 antitripsină, siderofilină, proteina C-reactivă (CRP), etc.

Referințe și note

Biologie
Analize medicale

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Cork council reform proposals expected by late February
Minister Simon Coveney urges quick turnaround to allow for 2019 local elections
Mon, Jan 16, 2017, 01:00
Barry Roche
The advisory group is to consider the strategic role of Cork city as a regional growth centre. Photograph: Ian Gethings/Getty
The advisory group examining local government reform in Cork needs to come up with proposals in the first six months of this year to allow preparations to be made in time for the 2019 local elections, according to Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government Simon Coveney.
Mr Coveney said he expected the advisory group chaired by former chief planner for Scotland Jim Mackinnon to report back by the end of February after they examined both the majority and minority reports prepared by a previous group chaired by former Beamish & Crawford MD Alf Smiddy.
"I think it needs to be done well in advance of the 2019 local elections," he said. "So that means moving on it in the first half of this year – now, all of the changes won't have happened, but the commitment will be that the next time we have local government elections, a new structure will apply."
Divisive issue
The issue of local government reform proved highly divisive when, in September 2015, the Smiddy group issued a majority report calling for the merger of the two councils with a minority report arguing for the retention of two councils and the expansion of the city council into the county.
The Smiddy report – commissioned by Mr Coveney's predecessor, Labour's Alan Kelly – was shelved in the run-up to the 2016 general election but Mr Coveney appointed a new advisory group chaired by Mr Mackinnon in October 2016 to review the full Smiddy dossier.
The new group's terms of reference include examining local government leadership at executive and political levels as well as looking at the possibility of establishing an office of a directly elected mayor and the potential for devolving some powers from central government to the local authorities.
However, unlike the Smiddy group, the Mackinnon group has also been asked to consider the strategic role of Cork city as a regional growth centre and the governance required to safeguard or enhance the metropolitan interests of the city and maintain its identity.
Courting support
Mr Coveney acknowledged the changed political reality since the Smiddy report was published, with the new Fine Gael-led minority Government reliant on the agreement of Fianna Fáil whose leader, Micheál Martin is opposed to any merger of the Cork councils.
Mr Coveney said that whatever the Mackinnon group recommended – merger, expansion of Cork City Council or some other alternative – would need the support, or at least lack of opposition, from Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin. The latter are also on record as opposing any plan to merge the two councils.
"First and foremost we need to do the right thing for Cork city and county and the way I will approach this is not by trying to keep Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin happy, although ultimately if we can do that, it means we can introduce whatever reform is proposed," he said.
"I am not foolish enough to try and ram something through against the will of the majority of parties in the Dáil – the last thing I want is to have a proposal that is going to result in Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin coming together with a counter proposal – I won't do anything if that's the case.
"But I would like to think we can put something together that makes such a strong case that Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin will support what we want to do. My job is to make sure whatever reform is proposed is politically saleable because it is going determine Cork's future for the next 30 years."
Alan Kelly
Alf Smiddy
Jim Mackinnon
Simon Coveney
Beamish & Crawford
Smiddy
Southern Correspondent
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LAMPWORK BEADS - WHAT ARE THEY?
"Lampworking" is a process for making glass beads using a torch (lamp) to attain high temperatures to melt glass. The molten glass is manipulated and shaped using tools and gravity to achieve the desired form. A high level of skill is needed to be able to manage the molten glass so that it does not "run away."
HOW CAN METALS BE FUSED TOGETHER?
Different kinds of metals have different melting points. For two different metals to "fuse" (join) together, each of the metals must be heated just to the melting point, allowing the metals to bond without melting.
Granulation has been used as a design element in jewelry since the beginning of "jewelry making."
It is simply the process of bonding small "balls" of metal to another piece of metal, usually in a specific pattern.
Reticulation is a process of creating texture on metal using a torch.
Viking Knit is not knitting at all! It is a technique of wire weaving first seen at the time of the Vikings and is used to create a length of tubular chain.
Patina is a thin layer of film that develops on the outside of metal over a period of time due to the oxidation process when exposed to air and oxygen. Patinas can be viewed as undesirable (tarnish) or very desirable as a sign of age in antiques, or as a design element. Patina can be controlled on metals to produce beautiful colors that enhance the uniqueness of the metal.


Ankit Tiwari the renowned 'Teri Galliya'singer will be performing live in Dehradun on 9th of December 2017 at the Bannu School Ground, Race Course. A power packed and extremely thrilling evening waits for you, the #IIFA #GIMA #Filmfare #Stardust and many more prestigious award winner will be captivating you by his melodies.
Be a witness of Ankit Tiwari's first ever concert in Dehradun.The show will be brimming with exhilaration of the crowd and euphonies of Ankit's songs, so don't forget to book yourself a seat for the 9th of Dec.


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using JetBrains.ReSharper.Feature.Services.LiveTemplates.Scope;
using JetBrains.ReSharper.Plugins.Unity.Resources.Icons;

namespace JetBrains.ReSharper.Plugins.Unity.Shaders.ShaderLab.Feature.Services.LiveTemplates.Scope
{
    [ScopeCategoryUIProvider(Priority = Priority)]
    public class UnityScopeCategoryUIProvider : ScopeCategoryUIProvider
    {
        // Needs to be less than other priorities in R#'s built in ScopeCategoryUIProvider
        // to push it to the end of the list
        private const int Priority = -200;

        public UnityScopeCategoryUIProvider()
            : base(LogoIcons.Unity.Id)
        {
            MainPoint = new InUnityShaderLabFile();
        }

        public override IEnumerable<ITemplateScopePoint> BuildAllPoints()
        {
            yield return new InUnityShaderLabFile();
        }

        public override string CategoryCaption => "Unity";

        public override string Present(ITemplateScopePoint point)
        {
            switch (point)
            {
                case InUnityShaderLabFile _:
                    return "In Unity ShaderLab file";
                default:
                    return base.Present(point);
            }
        }
    }
}


ACSC is planning a club ride to Sault Ste Marie to be held in conjunction with the Indiana Snowmobile Association/Michigan Snowmobile Association Ride In.
To attend, you must be a member of either the ISA or MSA.
Check indianasnowmobilers.com or msasnow.org for more information as there is a fee involved.


The rifle, recovered by Kevin Massis with the New Mexico State Police, was found at the defendant's home.
Testimony on the fifth day of trial against 31-year-old Thomas Enloe included DNA evidence that matched the suspect to the alleged murder weapon.
Enloe is accused of the shooting death of 22-year-old Trevor Eaton in the 7400 block of Conestoga Road in Carlsbad in November 2016.
Enloe is being tried for first-degree murder, shooting at a dwelling or occupied building, and seven counts of child abuse.
Forensic scientist Ewelina Bajda with the New Mexico Department of Public Safety testified on Wednesday, that DNA samples were collected from a 7mm-08 rifle that is believed to have been used by the defendant on the night of the shooting.
The rifle, along with bullet casings were found at the defendant's home.
Bajda told jurors that a reddish-brown stain, believed to be blood, was located on the "stock" of the rifle. There was also DNA recovered on the trigger and trigger guard.
Both samples, Bajda testified, matched Enloe's DNA.
Bajda said another sample was found on the stock, but she was not able to provide identification because the sample was "too complex" and mixed with at least two DNA profiles.
William Weldy said he was within a few feet of Eaton when the victim was shot on Weldy's front porch stairs in November 2016.
Weldy told jurors that Enloe and Eaton, along with other family members friends, were at the home he shared with his wife and four children for a housewarming party.
Weldy said there was no indication of a problem at the party, but recalled Enloe leaving and throwing his cellphone in a fire pit in front of the house.
He said it was at least five minutes after Enloe left that he heard the first gunshot he said struck Eaton. Weldy testified that he was holding the screen door open for Eaton as he proceeded to walk up the stairs into the house at the time of the shot.
Weldy told jurors that a second shot came shortly after the first shot.
Weldy said he did not see the shooter but described seeing what appeared to be a projectile hit the frame of his screen door.
The direction of the bullets, he said, prompted him to believe that Enloe, who lived down the street, was the potential shooter.
"They were pretty fast, pretty close together," he said.
Weldy said he heard at least two more shots before he returned fire.
He testified that he fired three shots "without aiming," and did not fire a weapon prior to Eaton being shot.
He testified that he picked up the casing after the shooting and placed them on the couch. Through cross examination by defense attorney Jon Fredlund, Weldy was questioned about casings being found in a bag in the master bedroom.
He denied moving the casing from the couch and told jurors that he was not concealing any evidence from police.
He testified that when first responders arrived at his home the night of the shooting, he handed them the cellphone that was allegedly thrown in the fire pit by Enloe.
Weldy told jurors that the night of the shooting was his first time meeting Eaton, and the incident was something he tries to avoid discussing.
"Somebody lost their son," he said.
The trial will continue 9 a.m. Friday in Fifth Judicial District Court in Carlsbad.


I have a 97 ranger 4x4 3.0 long bed and need to replace oil pan. Any one do this without removing the engine?
Many forget about the oil pump pickup sitting at the bottom inside the oil pan, that's the reason you need the clearance.
Last edited by RonD; 09-19-2018 at 08:30 AM.
When did Ranger-Forums become Ford Ranger Forums?