text:
#include "resman.h"

#include <cstdio>

#include "../meltdown.h"
#include "texture.h"
#include "sound.h"

ResourceMan::ResourceMan()
{
    m_idctr = 0;

    printf("resource manager created\n");
}

ResourceMan::~ResourceMan()
{
    std::map<resID, Resource*>::iterator it;
    for(it = m_resources.begin(); it != m_resources.end(); it++)
        delete (*it).second;
    m_resources.clear();

    printf("resource manager destroyed\n");
}

static Texture* newTexture(const char* fpath)
{
#if defined(MELTDOWN_OPENGL)
    return new TextureGL(fpath);
#endif
}

static Sound* newSound(const char* fpath)
{
    return new Sound(fpath);
}

resID ResourceMan::loadResource(ResourceType restype, const char* fpath)
{
    resID id = m_idctr++;
    while(m_resources.find(id) != m_resources.end())
        id = m_idctr++;

    Resource* res;
    switch(restype)
    {
    case TEXTURE:
        res = newTexture(fpath);
        break;
    case SOUND:
        res = newSound(fpath);
        break;
    }

    m_resources[id] = res;
    return id;
}

void ResourceMan::unloadResource(resID id)
{
    std::map<resID, Resource*>::iterator it = m_resources.find(id);
    if (it == m_resources.end())
        throw LimeException("failed to unload a resource - resource not found");
    delete (*it).second;
    m_resources.erase((*it).first);
}


text:
CVu1ProgramView::CVu1ProgramView(HWND parent, const RECT& rect, CVu1Vm& virtualMachine)
: m_virtualMachine(virtualMachine)
, m_vuMemPacketAddress(0)
{
	Create(0, Framework::Win32::CDefaultWndClass::GetName(), NULL, WNDSTYLE, rect, parent, NULL);
	SetClassPtr();

	m_mainSplitter = std::make_unique<Framework::Win32::CVerticalSplitter>(m_hWnd, GetClientRect());

	m_subSplitter = std::make_unique<Framework::Win32::CHorizontalSplitter>(*m_mainSplitter, GetClientRect());
	m_memoryTab = std::make_unique<CTabHost>(*m_mainSplitter, GetClientRect());

	m_memoryView = std::make_unique<CMemoryViewMIPS>(*m_memoryTab, GetClientRect(), m_virtualMachine, m_virtualMachine.GetVu1Context());
	m_packetView = std::make_unique<CGifPacketView>(*m_memoryTab, GetClientRect());

	m_memoryTab->InsertTab(_T("VU Memory"), m_memoryView.get());
	m_memoryTab->InsertTab(_T("Packet"), m_packetView.get());

	m_disAsm = std::make_unique<CDisAsmVu>(*m_subSplitter, GetClientRect(), m_virtualMachine, m_virtualMachine.GetVu1Context());

	m_regView = std::make_unique<CRegViewVU>(*m_subSplitter, GetClientRect(), m_virtualMachine, m_virtualMachine.GetVu1Context());
	m_regView->Show(SW_SHOW);

	m_mainSplitter->SetChild(0, *m_subSplitter);
	m_mainSplitter->SetChild(1, *m_memoryTab);
	m_mainSplitter->SetMasterChild(1);
	m_mainSplitter->SetEdgePosition(0.65);

	m_subSplitter->SetChild(0, *m_disAsm);
	m_subSplitter->SetChild(1, *m_regView);
	m_subSplitter->SetMasterChild(1);
	m_subSplitter->SetEdgePosition(0.65);
}

CVu1ProgramView::~CVu1ProgramView()
{

}

void CVu1ProgramView::UpdateState(CGSHandler* gs, CGsPacketMetadata* metadata, DRAWINGKICK_INFO*)
{
#ifdef DEBUGGER_INCLUDED
	memcpy(m_virtualMachine.GetMicroMem1(), metadata->microMem1, PS2::MICROMEM1SIZE);
	memcpy(m_virtualMachine.GetVuMem1(), metadata->vuMem1, PS2::VUMEM1SIZE);
	memcpy(&m_virtualMachine.GetVu1Context()->m_State, &metadata->vu1State, sizeof(MIPSSTATE));
	m_virtualMachine.SetVpu1Top(metadata->vpu1Top);
	m_virtualMachine.SetVpu1Itop(metadata->vpu1Itop);
	m_vuMemPacketAddress = metadata->vuMemPacketAddress;
#endif

	m_disAsm->Redraw();
	m_memoryView->Redraw();
	m_packetView->SetPacket(m_virtualMachine.GetVuMem1() + m_vuMemPacketAddress, PS2::VUMEM1SIZE - m_vuMemPacketAddress);
	m_packetView->Update();
	m_regView->Update();
}

void CVu1ProgramView::StepVu1()
{
	m_virtualMachine.StepVu1();
	m_packetView->SetPacket(m_virtualMachine.GetVuMem1() + m_vuMemPacketAddress, PS2::VUMEM1SIZE - m_vuMemPacketAddress);
	m_packetView->Update();
}

long CVu1ProgramView::OnSize(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int)
{
	m_mainSplitter->SetSizePosition(GetClientRect());
	return TRUE;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Who Tweets and Why Tweet for Breaking News
Okay, before we start this, in less than a week I have become a Twitteraddict. If you're signed on look me up: AKAmamma
Yesterday, the Pew Internet and American Life Project released a study on the use of Twitter and status updating services. The study found that 1 in 10 online US adults has used Twitter or a comparable service to share updates with others. Twitter provides the prompt, "What are you doing now?" and users post their moods, thoughts, opinions or location in 140 characters or less.
The study revealed that Twitterers were mainly young adults: 20% of young adults in the 25-34 age group have used Twitter, slightly more than users aged 18 to 24 (19%). The user rate dropped sharply to 10% among the 35-44 age group and to 5% among those aged 45 to 54.
Twitter use is highly interconnected with other social media, such as blogging and social networking. In fact, the study reports that if someone blogs and uses social networking, there is a strong likelihood that s/he will also use Twitter.
In general, people who tweet tend to be social beings who seek out social forums. The status updater or Twitter set tend to be mobile and enjoy the freedom of wireless technology, such as laptops, hand held devices and cell phones, or any application that gives them more social contact.
Now you have the profile of those who tweet... but is Twitter a useful tool in finding stories?
Consider this: Using his iphone, Janis Krums posted the first picture on Twitter of U.S. Airways flight 1549 which crashed into the Hudson River. And just 34 minutes later, he was being interviewed live as an eye-witness by MSNBC.
A lucky break you say. Nope. There is an endless number of stories out there. It all depends on who you follow. On the Twitter interface, choose Suggested Users to get started, and then select the people or entities that most interest you.
As you may have guessed, I've been following a tech guru in this neck of the woods on Twitter, and that's how I came up with this story.
Heather at 9:16 AM
flight 1549, Janis Krums, Twitter
: Who Tweets and Why Tweet for Breaking NewsTweet this!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
seamus dubhghaill
Promoting Irish Culture and History from Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Death of Denis Devlin, Poet & Diplomat
August 21, 2018 by Jim Doyle	Leave a comment
Denis Devlin, one of the major figures and influences of modern and modernist Irish poetry, dies in Dublin on August 21, 1959. Along with Samuel Beckett and Brian Coffey, he is one of the generation of Irish modernist poets to emerge at the end of the 1920s. He is also a career diplomat.
Devlin is born in Greenock, Scotland of Irish parents on April 15, 1908. His family returns to live in Dublin in 1918. He studies at Belvedere College and, from 1926, as a seminarian for the Roman Catholic priesthood at Clonliffe College. As part of his studies he attends a degree course in modern languages at University College Dublin (UCD), where he meets and befriends Brian Coffey. Together they publish a joint collection, Poems, in 1930.
In 1927, Devlin abandons the priesthood and leaves Clonliffe College. He graduates from UCD with his BA in 1930 and spends that summer on the Blasket Islands to improve his spoken Irish. Between 1930 and 1933, he studies literature at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the University of Paris, meeting, amongst others, Beckett and Thomas MacGreevy. He then returns to UCD to complete his MA thesis on Michael de Montaigne.
Devlin joins the Irish Diplomatic Service in 1935 and spends a number of years in Rome, New York and Washington, D.C. During this time he meets the French poet Saint-John Perse, and the Americans Allen Tate and Robert Penn Warren. He goes on to publish a translation of Exile and Other Poems by Saint-John Perse, and Tate and Warren edit his posthumous Selected Poems.
Denis Devlin dies suddenly at the age of 51 in Dublin on August 21, 1959. Since his death, there have been two Collected Poems published; the first in 1964 is edited by Coffey and the second in 1989 by J.C.C. Mays.
Devlin's personal papers are held in University College Dublin Archives.
Categories: Irish History, Literature & Poetry | Tags: Allen Tate, Bachelor of Arts, Belvedere College, Blasket Islands, Brian Coffey, Catholic Church, Clonliffe College, Denis Devlin, Diplomat, Dublin, Greenock, Irish Language, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Master's Degree, Michael de Montaigne, Modernist Poetry, New York, Priesthood, Robert Penn Warren, Rome, Saint-John Perse, Samuel Beckett, Scotland, Thesis, Thomas MacGreevy, University College Dublin, University College Dublin Archives, University of Paris, Washington D.C. | Permalink.
Author: Jim Doyle
As a descendant of Joshua Doyle (b. 1775, Dublin, Ireland), I have a strong interest in Irish culture and history, which is the primary focus of this site. I am a Network Engineer at The Computer Hut, LLC, which is my salaried job. I am a member of the Irish Cultural Society of Arkansas, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization (2010-Present, President 2011-2017). I have also served on the City of Little Rock Arts+Culture Commission (2015-2020, Chairman 2017-2018) and the Walnut Valley Property Owners Association board (2015-2020, Secretary 2017-2020).
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If you have the HTC butterfly S smartphone and looking for the easy way to root, unlock Bootloader and install CWM Recovery in your smartphone? Here is is the complete guide which help you to root your HTC Butterfly S. The whole guide is simple and take 20 to 30 minutes to complete the process on your device. To follow this process first you have to unlock the bootloader of your phone, then install the CWM recovery on HTC Butterfly S and after the flash the root package to get the roots access on your phone. As we all know that all the HTC smartphone comes with the locked bootloader, so unlock bootloader is the first process to follow the root procedure. So follow all below mention steps one by one and read all the instruction carefully to complete the process without any problem.
After rooting your phone you will enjoy lots of benefits on your phone like you will lots of Custom ROMS, install rooted application and install lots of customization. Check out our detail guide here how and why to root android phone and tablets here. Before following this guide remember one thing once you unlock the bootloader of your device you will lose the warranty of you phone and it will erase everything from your phone, so do take the full backup of your device and save all you r important file on your desktop. This root guide is for the HTC Butterfly S running Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean.
c) Make sure that your HTC Butterfly S battery is full charge or near about 60-70% battery level.
d) Download the Latest HTC Butterfly S USB drivers on your PC and install it to start the root process. You need these drivers to connect your device with the computer to follow this guide.
After following the above mention steps follow the below mention guide one by one to root HTC Butterfly S. All the above mention steps are very important, so do follow all the steps and do exactly what is told.
1. Download fastboot by following this link and save it on your desktop.
2. Download the root package here.
Step 1. Visit the http://www.htcdev.com/ register and log in.
Step 3. From the HTC Bootloader page, select your device from the drop down menu list and press Begin Unlock Bootloader Green button.
Step 4. Switch of your phone and start the device in Bootloader mode. To do this Press Volume Down and Power to start the device and Select Fastboot by pressing the power button.
Step 5. Now connect your phone to the computer with USB cable and after that go to your Desktop and open the Fastboot folder that you downloaded from the above mention link. From the folder press Shift windows Key and Right Click mouse button and select Open Command Window here.
Step 7. Now type 'fastboot oem get_identifier_token' ,You will see a long block of text go to http://www.htcdev.com/bootloader/unlock-instructions/page-3 and follow instructions on the page.
Step 8. Now check you email account for the Unlock_code.bin file.
Step 9. Download that Unlock_code.bin on your desktop and move that file on your Fastboot folder.
Step 10. Once the file is moved on the Fastboot folder, go the the command prompt window and type 'fastboot flash unlocktoken Unlock_code.bin' in command prompt.
Now your HTC Butterfly S phone is bootloader Unlocked.
Step 1. Again Switch off your device and start the device in Bootloader mode. To do this Press Volume Down and Power to start the device and Select Fastboot by pressing the power button.
Step 2. Again open the command prompt window in Fastboot folder and connect your device with computer. (Same Step 5 that you followed on above guide).
Step 3. In the command prompt type in 'fastboot flash recovery recovery-clockwork-touch-6.0.3.4-dlxpul.img' this will install the CWM Recovery on your phone.
Power off your HTC Butterfly S and disconnect it from the micro USB cable. Proceed to the next mention part to root your phone.
Step 1. Connect you phone with the computer and move the Root Package file on your phone External SD memory. The same root package folder that you downloaded from our Download section from above.
Step 2. Switch off your phone and boot in Recovery mode by pressing and holding Volume Down + Power Key button fro a few seconds.
Step 3. From Recovery menu go to 'Wipe cache partition' option and clear the cache on your device. After that go to 'Advanced' and clear dalvik cache.
Step 4. Now go back to recovery menu and select 'Install zip from SD card'. After selecting 'Install zip from SD card,' select 'Select zip from SD card', find Root_wp_mod.zip and select it.
After that reboot your phone, Now your phone is rooted. To verify the root, go to Google play store and download the Root checker app and verify the root access on your device.


Monroe County Senior League Baseball Association (MCSLBA) is pleased to offer the opportunity to refine and execute the fundamentals of the game through our travel program.
If you wish to be considered for the current team or upcoming years please contact us at mayhem@mcslba.org.
All items subject to change and dependent on overall participation and player availability.
* May change based on # of tournaments played and overall tournament costs.
MCSLBA will be holding OPEN evaluations / practices for our upcoming 13u and 14u Monroe County Mayhem baseball travel program for the 2019 season.
If you wish to be considered for the team(s), you should plan to attend the upcoming free evaluations / practices. Our next scheduled event is Saturday, March 2nd from 11:00pm to 1:00pm at the Tier Ten Complex.
To register for the upcoming evaluation please contact us at mayhem@mcslba.org.


text:
Outflanking immunodominance to target subdominant broadly neutralizing epitopes
Davide Angeletti, Ivan Kosik, Jefferson J. S. Santos, William T. Yewdell, Carolyn M. Boudreau, Vamsee V. A. Mallajosyula, Madeleine C. Mankowski, Michael Chambers, Madhu Prabhakaran, Heather D. Hickman, Adrian B. McDermott, Galit Alter, Jayanta Chaudhuri, and Jonathan W. Yewdell
PNAS July 2, 2019 116 (27) 13474-13479; first published June 18, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816300116
Anti–HIV-1 B cell responses are dependent on B cell precursor frequency and antigen-binding affinity
Pia Dosenovic, Ervin E. Kara, Anna-Klara Pettersson, Andrew T. McGuire, Matthew Gray, Harald Hartweger, Eddy S. Thientosapol, Leonidas Stamatatos, and Michel C. Nussenzweig
PNAS May 1, 2018 115 (18) 4743-4748; first published April 16, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803457115
IgH isotype-specific B cell receptor expression influences B cell fate
Pei Tong, Alessandra Granato, Teng Zuo, Neha Chaudhary, Adam Zuiani, Seung Seok Han, Rakesh Donthula, Akritee Shrestha, Debattama Sen, Jennifer M. Magee, Michael P. Gallagher, Cees E. van der Poel, Michael C. Carroll, and Duane R. Wesemann
PNAS October 3, 2017 114 (40) E8411-E8420; first published September 18, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704962114
B-cell–independent sialylation of IgG
Mark B. Jones, Douglas M. Oswald, Smita Joshi, Sidney W. Whiteheart, Ron Orlando, and Brian A. Cobb
PNAS June 28, 2016 113 (26) 7207-7212; first published June 14, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523968113
Large-scale sequence and structural comparisons of human naive and antigen-experienced antibody repertoires
Brandon J. DeKosky, Oana I. Lungu, Daechan Park, Erik L. Johnson, Wissam Charab, Constantine Chrysostomou, Daisuke Kuroda, Andrew D. Ellington, Gregory C. Ippolito, Jeffrey J. Gray, and George Georgiou
PNAS May 10, 2016 113 (19) E2636-E2645; first published April 25, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525510113
Metabolic stress is a barrier to Epstein–Barr virus-mediated B-cell immortalization
Karyn McFadden, Amy Y. Hafez, Rigel Kishton, Joshua E. Messinger, Pavel A. Nikitin, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, and Micah A. Luftig
PNAS February 9, 2016 113 (6) E782-E790; first published January 22, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517141113
Nuclear TRAF3 is a negative regulator of CREB in B cells
Nurbek Mambetsariev, Wai W. Lin, Laura L. Stunz, Brett M. Hanson, Joanne M. Hildebrand, and Gail A. Bishop
PNAS January 26, 2016 113 (4) 1032-1037; first published January 11, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514586113
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 is protective in atherosclerosis and its metabolites provide new opportunities for drug development
Jennifer E. Cole, Nagore Astola, Adam P. Cribbs, Michael E. Goddard, Inhye Park, Patricia Green, Alun H. Davies, Richard O. Williams, Marc Feldmann, and Claudia Monaco
PNAS October 20, 2015 112 (42) 13033-13038; first published October 5, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517820112
Identification of DNA cleavage- and recombination-specific hnRNP cofactors for activation-induced cytidine deaminase
Wenjun Hu, Nasim A. Begum, Samiran Mondal, Andre Stanlie, and Tasuku Honjo
Recombinant HIV envelope trimer selects for quaternary-dependent antibodies targeting the trimer apex
Devin Sok, Marit J. van Gils, Matthias Pauthner, Jean-Philippe Julien, Karen L. Saye-Francisco, Jessica Hsueh, Bryan Briney, Jeong Hyun Lee, Khoa M. Le, Peter S. Lee, Yuanzi Hua, Michael S. Seaman, John P. Moore, Andrew B. Ward, Ian A. Wilson, Rogier W. Sanders, and Dennis R. Burton
PNAS December 9, 2014 111 (49) 17624-17629; first published November 24, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415789111


text:
Home SPORT Mauricio Pochettino sacked by Tottenham
Mauricio Pochettino sacked by Tottenham
Pochettino dismissed by Tottenham after dismal start to the new season; Jose Mourinho early favourite to replace Pochettino; Jamie Carragher describes sacking as 'out of order'
Carragher: Sacking is out of order
Mourinho 'a serious contender'
Who next for Tottenham?
Find out more about Sky Sports
Levy: Decision made in club's best interests
Alderweireld expects 'big-name' replacement
Pochettino sacked: The reaction
Analysis: What went wrong?
Who could replace Pochettino?
Mauricio Pochettino has been sacked by Tottenham after five years in charge of the club.
Pochettino led Spurs to top-four finishes in four of his five seasons in charge, as well as their first Champions League final in the 2018/19 campaign.
Ten games that defined Pochettino's reign
Jose Mourinho 'a serious contender' to replace Pochettino
Jamie Carragher: Sacking is out of order
However, Tottenham have won just five matches this season and chairman Daniel Levy said a change had to be made in the "club's best interests".
Tottenham enjoyed a hugely successful European campaign last season, with dramatic wins over Manchester City and Ajax in the knockout stages earning them a place in the final, where they were beaten 2-0 by Liverpool.
Image:Tottenham's first match since Pochettino's departure is a London derby against West Ham on Saturday
After that defeat, Pochettino warned Spurs faced a "painful" rebuild, with several senior players reaching the last year of their contracts.
But he has been forced to rely on several players whose deals expire at the end of the season after the club endured another quiet summer in the transfer market.
Their domestic form has been poor for most of 2019, and since a 3-1 win over Leicester on February 10, Spurs have won just six of their 24 Premier League matches. They are currently 14th in the table and were knocked out of the Carabao Cup by Colchester.
Pochettino's staff – Jesus Perez, Miguel D'Agostino and Antoni Jimenez – have also left the club.
Sky Sports' Kaveh Solhekol explains the sacking of Mauricio Pochettino and where his next job could be
In a statement released by Tottenham on Tuesday evening, Levy said: "We were extremely reluctant to make this change and it is not a decision the board has taken lightly, nor in haste.
"Regrettably domestic results at the end of last season and beginning of this season have been extremely disappointing.
"It falls to the board to make the difficult decisions – this one made more so given the many memorable moments we have had with Mauricio and his coaching staff – but we do so in the club's best interests.
"Mauricio and his coaching staff will always be part of our history. I have the utmost admiration for the manner in which he dealt with the difficult times away from a home ground whilst we built the new stadium and for the warmth and positivity he brought to us.
READ ALSO Ajebutter22, BOJ, Falz – Too Many Women
"I should like to thank him and his coaching staff for all they have contributed. They will always be welcome here. We have a talented squad. We need to re-energise and look to deliver a positive season for our supporters."
Sky Sports' Jamie Carragher is massively shocked about the sacking of Pochettino, saying it is strange and out of order
Tottenham defender Toby Alderweireld praised the departing Pochettino for taking Spurs to the next level during his tenure before calling on the club to get appoint a successor as soon as possible.
"It's big news, I heard it after the game. It's part of football, but it's never nice to see your manager leave," the defender told Sky Sports, after Belgium 6-1 victory over Cyprus. "I had no idea it was going to happen, not at all, so it's a surprise to me as well. It will take a couple of days to set in.
Tottenham defender Toby Alderweireld expects a big name to replace Mauricio Pochettino and expects a replacement to be found quickly
"The club made the decision, we have to accept this and try to change the situation as quickly as possible. We came a long way together, we achieved big things, so we have to be thankful for what he achieved at the club. He brought the club to the next level.
"This is the first time in my career there has been a managerial change, it's strange but I cannot say how it's going to feel. We just have to try hard, stay together and change as quickly as possible together.
"Spurs are a big club so I know there will be a big manager for us. Hopefully we know [who it is] quickly."
Harry Redknapp believes the players are to blame for Tottenham manager Mauricio Pochettino getting sacked.
Former Tottenham boss Harry Redknapp: "When people talk about the players all loving him, if they love him that much, maybe they should have all started playing a bit better! They've got him the sack, at the end of the day. They haven't performed well enough, that's why he's lost his job. If they all loved him so much, perhaps they should have done a bit better for him."
Sky Sports pundit Jamie Carragher: "It's a massive shock. The job he has done is miraculous, it deserved to see him at least see out the season. I'm shocked it is a sacking. When l heard the news, l thought it may have been 'mutual agreement'. But the fact that he has been sacked… it's strange and a bit out of order really considering the job he has done."
Paul Smith from Spurs Odyssey says most fans would not want Jose Mourinho as he is too defensive in his style.
Sky Sports News' Kaveh Solhekol:
"How long have you got? Pochettino felt that he took this group of players as far as he could take them. He managed to get incredible results out of them, baring in mind he was not able to spend any money for two transfer windows.
"He worked miracles to get Spurs as high up in the table as he did, but during the summer he wanted to refresh the squad. I think Pochettino wanted more, to show more ambition, and when that didn't happen, the writing was on the wall."
Jamie Redknapp talks about the possibility of Tottenham chairman Daniel Levy appointing Jose Mourinho to replace Mauricio Pochettino
Jose Mourinho has been installed as the early favourite to replace Pochettino and Sky Sports News has been told that he is a serious contender to become the new Tottenham manager.
The three-time Premier League winner has been out of work since December 2018, when he was sacked by Manchester United.
He still lives in London and is:
understood to be keen to return to English football.
Previous articleLeonardo Bonucci: Juventus defender signs new contract
Next articleJose Mourinho in Tottenham talks to replace Mauricio Pochettino


text:
Two setters are twice as nice for Crescent
Lake Morris
In volleyball, it is key for a team to have a setter who can pilot the offense and anchor the unit.
Things are a little different at Crescent, though. The Tigers have two.
The duo of Lucy Bryant and Emily Stewart entered this season on a Crescent team void of leadership after the graduation of five seniors at the end of 2016.
"Coming from last year to this year, we knew we had to step up and lead," said Stewart, a sophomore.
They displayed what they can do this week as they helped power Crescent to a 3-0 (25-15, 25-13, 25-18) win over region rival Pendleton.
The duo combined for 19 assists and multiple digs. Stewart even notched a kill.
Crescent coach Kristen Fouts said having two experienced setters is "really nice" to have as a coach.
"They are both exceptionally strong and have gotten better on their defense," she said. "That allows us to run without a dropoff. It is nice to know they are both going to get it to the pins no matter where the ball is."
That match, which Fouts said was closer than the final score indicated, was a much-needed stresser for her team.
"This is a loose team. It is fun and challenging at the same time. They can't get too loose, but they can't get too uptight, either," she said. "We love to play a solid team. It makes us better, it takes them better, and it makes our region better when we can all play at a higher level."
The source of that loose nature goes back to the two setters.
Bryant, a junior, said going through last season really molded her for this year.
"Last year was my first year on varsity. It was nerve-wracking because varsity is a completely different level from JV," she said. "This year I'm just more prepared."
While most teams usually have one designated setter who rarely comes out of a match, the Crescent duo believes switching out gives them an advantage, and not just by preventing fatigue.
The biggest advantage may be being able to see the game from the sideline.
"Whenever I come off the court, I go to my set coach and look for spots to see what is open," Stewart said. "You have to keep your feet moving. You can't get down. The whole team is depending on you."
Bryant said the role is similar to a position on the football field.
"You touch every ball," she said. "You can't be down. You are like the quarterback."
The team is off to a 13-1 start, 2-0 start in Region I-AAA.
Yet, with eyes on a third-straight region championship, and second in Western 3A, the setters said it is not how they start, but how they finish.


Two years after the collaboration with Scanner, British composer, producer and musician Anni Hogan (Marc Almond collaborator, Marc & The Mambas, The Willing Sinners, La Magia) announced the release of a new album. Lost In Blue is set to release on March 8th and features guest appearances from the likes of Wolfgang Flür (ex Kraftwerk), Gavin Friday (Virgin Prunes), Kid Congo (Gun Club, Cramps, Bad Seeds), Lydia Lunch, Richard Strange (Doctors of Madness).
We already shared "Blue Contempt"; "Thunderstruck" is a new excerpt. Watch the official video below.


For videographers, editors sound engineers, Web designers, and anyone else association with content creation and distribution technology, the upcoming DV Expo will offer three days of education and information. It's Nov. 4-6 at the Los Angeles Convention Center and will include more than 45 conference sessions and hundreds of new products. ighlights include Apple certification training workshops on Final Cut Pro 6; free master classes in lighting; and scores of user group meetings, networking events and screenings. There will also be a presentation theater on the show floor with association and vendor sessions, including those of Panasonic, Sony and Avid, free to all those attending. Registration is available at www.dvexpo.com.


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5: On Being Responsible for Earth
The Future Does Not Compute by
7: At the Fringe of Freedom
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Networks and Communities
This is Chapter 6 of The Future Does Not Compute: Transcending the Machines in Our Midst, by Stephen L. Talbott. Copyright 1995 O'Reilly & Associates. All rights reserved. You may freely redistribute this chapter in its entirety for noncommercial purposes. For information about the author's online newsletter, NETFUTURE: Technology and Human Responsibility, see http://www.netfuture.org/.
It is not surprising that in a culture widely cited for its loss of community, the word "community" itself should come in for heavy use. The more we lack something, the more we may be fascinated by fragmentary glimpses of it. A starving man will discover food where the well fed see only garbage.
One doesn't, however, expect the starving man to pretend his meal is a catered banquet. And yet, the magical delivery of precisely such transformed goods seems to be what many expect of the electronic network. For example, the publisher of The Internet Business Journal, Michael Strangelove -- articulating the faith of a thundering host -- is sure that "the Internet represents a return to the fundamental dynamics of human existence: communication and community."/1/
I need not remind you of the special affinity wanderers on the Net seem to have for this word "community." We hear about online communities, the Internet community, global electronic communities, virtual communities, and so on. There are senses in which this usage is perfectly reasonable: human community in some form or another will naturally take hold of whatever mechanisms we create for expression and communication -- whether car and road, telephone, computer network, or even the television talk show.
In most cases, the physical media are not likely to become identified in our minds with the very substance of community itself. But have you noticed how easily "network" now seems almost to imply "community" -- as if a set of electronic connections automatically constituted community? The phrase "net communities" captures this well, for its meaning slides effortlessly between "a matrix of communication channels" and "communal human exchange."
There is no doubt that physical networks will dramatically affect the forms of our communities. But if we fail to distinguish radically between such networks and the personal sources of community, then the only sure thing is that we will continue to degrade what community remains./2/
Technology is not community
What is true of community holds for democracy as well, for democracy is a set of human institutions (and, for that matter, styles of community) rather than a group of technical tools. And yet, even as sensible an observer as Howard Rheingold was tempted into remarking that "if a BBS (computer Bulletin Board System) isn't a democratizing technology, there is no such thing./3/
The assumption that networks constitute some sort of positive realization of, or at least predisposition to, community and democracy is extraordinarily widespread. One repeatedly encounters the thought that (in the words of one Internet contributor) "the Net is fundamentally democratizing and leveling./4/ Apparently, the fact that a Net connection may reach into each home substitutes in this thinking for any consideration of how people will actually relate to each other over their connections. The relation is somehow thought to be given by the connecting technology itself.
Another Net voice agrees:
While I'm not forecasting Utopia, I think networks of the future will be the most incredibly egalitarian technology ever invented. It will transform our entire societies. Imagine that homeless people or single parent children can "interconnect" with anybody who is willing to talk to them in the world. The possibilities are rather dazzling. Sure, there might be even cyberspatial outcasts, but the point is that we will be doing at least as well as we are now, which is not something to "write home" about./5/
What seems so obvious to this speaker as to require no defense is that giving Net connections to the socially isolated will at least tend to lead them out of their isolation in happy ways. It's a stunning leap of faith. Who constitutes the society that isolated them in the first place -- persons different from those who will make the Net whatever it becomes? Did the telephone -- bringing with it the ability to call anyone in a city of five million people -- move the city toward more intimate community, or has it merely enabled us to hunker down within our separate castles, talking, perhaps, to more and more people while cut off from community more than ever before?
I take all this to be part of the general tendency to substitute thoughts about technology for thoughts about the actual terms of human exchange. Given this substitution, a community is no longer, in the first instance, a group of people bound together by certain mutual concerns, interests, activities, and institutions (which find expression through whatever technical and nontechnical means are at hand). Rather, a community becomes the mere "instantiation" of a network diagram that shows the available technical means for interaction.
It's rather as if you traced on a map a set of automobile routes, and then focused upon this "community" of roads. You certainly could learn something about the people who use these roads by analyzing traffic patterns; and all roads provide, to one degree or another, a site for expressions of community. But you are hardly likely to conclude that the asphalt network itself is decisive for constituting community.
Now, it's true that many so-called Net communities do find almost their sole expression across certain electronic links. Describe the online traffic, and you've quite neatly characterized almost everything that distinctively binds these people together. This neat characterization, however, results precisely from the extraordinarily restricted nature of the community, by any traditional standards.
Gilded vision
The commentator who seems most determined to read one-sided social implications into networking technologies is George Gilder. He comes very close, as we will see, to reconceiving a network's distributed intelligence as the very substance of an ennobled society.
Gilder's head is abuzz with facts and figures about the technologies that will "come blindingly to the fore" during the next few years. His central conviction is that peer-to-peer communication will replace broadcast (radio/TV) and centrally switched (telephone) communication. "Whether offering 500 channels or thousands, television will be irrelevant in a world without channels, where you can always order exactly what you want when you want it, and where every terminal commands the communications power of a broadcast station today."/6/
The reason for this is that "fiber optics is going to render bandwidth and hertz virtually free." We will no longer have to choose from among communication channels dictated by others. Rather, we will simply sit at our terminals and tune in to whatever we wish, anywhere in what Gilder calls "fiberspace." One thread of glass the width of a human hair, he tells us, can carry one thousand times the content of today's entire radio spectrum. So we will all have access to everything, and can speak to everywhere.
From couch potato to mogul
Gilder's technical vision may, for all I know, be accurate, but his prediction of the social consequences is startlingly naive. Noting the "100,000 acts of television violence" watched by the average thirteen-year-old child, and citing the "obtuse denial that such a diet could affect behavior," he goes on to indict the television industry, which
ignores the fact that people are not inherently couch potatoes; given a chance, they talk back and interact. People have little in common with one another except their prurient interests and morbid fears and anxieties. Aiming its fare at this lowest-common denominator target, television gets worse year after year.
And what does Gilder believe will save us from television? The fact that, instead of five hundred channels to choose from, we can choose anything -- and can talk back if we want. When intelligence and control are embedded in the devices at our fingertips, it means that "technologies are much more servants than rulers of [our] life."
Moreover, we can be assured that "confidence in the new paradigm ... does not spring only from the desire for a better culture, and it cannot be stemmed by some new global plague of passivity and tube addiction." Why? Because "propelling the new order is the most powerful juggernaut in the history of technology: an impending millionfold rise in the cost-effectiveness of computers and their networks." Somehow this apparently means that the new, whizzy devices will also have a power of psychological and social healing.
Gilder was asked about the "utopian" ring of his hope, since "anything complex self-organizes into nested hierarchies, just in order to manage itself" -- a patently false assumption by the interviewer, incidentally, since it doesn't apply to living organisms. But Gilder's response couldn't be more telling:
You need nested hierarchies, but the real miracle of microelectronics is that these extraordinarily complex hierarchies can be incorporated into individual silicon chips, with virtual supercomputer capabilities .... So hierarchies do indeed exist, but they are ubiquitously distributed, which renders them an egalitarian force. When everybody commands a supercomputer, you give the average owner of a work station the power that an industrial tycoon commanded in the industrial era, or that a TV station owner commands in the age of broadcasting. In other words, the hierarchy is in the silicon rather than in the human organization. So you have this incredible distribution of power. [Emphasis added.]
So where the industrial tycoons and TV station owners blew it, unaccountably tempted by crass gain, the rest of us -- once we can grab power for ourselves -- will save the day. If we have intelligent and discriminating devices at our fingertips, we will use them intelligently and discriminatingly. If we can address anything we wish to anyone we wish, we will speak with a previously unwonted maturity. We're no longer going to let those TV moguls keep us down and reveling in smut.
Gilder cites the Internet, with its distributed intelligence, as "an exciting kind of metaphor for spontaneous order." Dumb the Net down by eliminating the central, controlling intelligence, distribute that intelligence to the periphery where it is under control of a hundred million users, and wondrous patterns of human beauty will take shape within the flexible, receptive, glass palace of fiberspace.
Yes, order arises from complexity, but it arises through complex laws, not magic. And in all social affairs the nature of the order depends upon the nature of the human being. We have discovered that we could not create a healthy order in televisionland when the task was as simple as clicking a button to register our preference for decent programming. Will we now find it easier to impose healthy order upon the Internet by redirecting our proclivities toward a vastly more diffuse and challenging task?
We already have in the corporation (including the entertainment corporations Gilder chastises) an example of emergent, humanlike behavior arising from myriad, complex, unanalyzable interactions. Is that behavior somehow more automatically responsible than the individual entrepreneur's? Will it become so as soon as every employee has an intelligent terminal?/7/ Did the old-fashioned neighborhood gossip network, with its extensive, peer-to-peer connectivity, automatically generate reliable news?
Wake up and smell the waste products
It is precisely because a complex order of one sort or another will emerge from the new technologies that we must be cautious. The order is not given in advance, and is not inherent in the technology itself, which only defines a range of possibilities. The form we give to those possibilities will reflect ourselves. At the same time, we have to acknowledge that the order is substantially biased in advance, because the forms of the basic technology already reflect what we have become -- and it happens that what we have become can be read in our existing, television-centered culture.
Any thinking person has to ask: If the computer is about to merge with the television screen, is it because our society feels compelled to redeem television, or is it rather because the cultural forces behind television -- the most irresistible communication medium in history -- are extending their reach in dramatic, new ways.
Fiberspace is a glass mirror. The only question is whether we will struggle through to what is highest in us, or instead give way to those same, subterranean, overmastering currents that seemed always to have the last say when we clicked the remote control. The latter path is as easy as remaining passive -- as easy, that is, as believing the Net is only a force for good and will therefore "take care of itself."
It is not a matter of bewailing everyone's bad taste and trying to protect people from themselves. It's a matter of realism about the challenges ahead of us. Gilder -- mesmerized, I suspect, by glamorous formulations of chaos and complexity theory; by the naive promises of artificial intelligence; by dreams of a new, bioengineered Genesis; and by the undeniable appeal of other enticing motifs in a grand myth of automatic, evolution-driven (and now also technology-driven) Progress -- fails to reckon with this truth: the more complex and indirect the mechanisms through which human actions come to expression, the more you and I must be masters of ourselves. Putting it the other way around: the more degrees of freedom we have in expressing ourselves -- in projecting ourselves every which way into our environment -- the easier it is for the emergent social pattern to be taken over by unruly collective, or subconscious, powers -- easier, that is, unless each of us manages to be uncommonly awake.
Far from being able to relax about what emerges from complexity, we are being asked today to take conscious responsibility in one domain after another that our ancestors could not even have named, let alone have thought about. From the environment to the rule of law among nations, from genetic engineering to virtual realities, from failing social structures to failing value systems, the message is unambiguous: "You can no longer remain unconscious where you slept before; one way or the other, you are creating your future. Wake up before you find that the devils within you have done the creating."
Characteristically, Gilder dismisses some of these latter-day concerns with remarkable optimism: "It's utter garbage to say that our grandchildren won't live as well as we do. People who say this just don't see the technology. They live in this bizarre world of thermodynamics, where entropy rules, and we're dominated by our waste products. It is very short-sighted."
Gilder is right, to the extent that our waste products are not the first concern. The first concern is the state of mind that allowed us to treat Nature as a toxic waste disposal site, and then to view ourselves as having exhibited nothing more than a technical defect. That the polluting stance itself may entail great suffering for both mankind and the earth; that the inner ugliness and loss of meaning from which this stance arises may lead to crises quite apart from the externally poisonous ones -- such possibilities apparently do not occur to Gilder.
Making contact
It is a useful exercise to look at how intelligence has been impressed upon the machinery of communication, and then to ask yourself what social functions this automated intelligence is filling in for. There is, for example, the extremely subtle intelligence of the many layers of digital switching hardware and software upon which the Net is built. One consequence of this is captured in a well-known observation: "The Net treats censorship like a malfunction, and routes around it." That is, issues of propriety, formerly decided by competing values and opinions within a community, are now turned over to an automatic mechanism.
Looking more directly at the switching machinery itself, we can say that it enables each of us, in the most remarkably efficient manner, to make contact with individuals and groups around the world. But what does making contact really mean?
It all depends. As an intermediate case, the telephone can help us see the range of possibilities. Telephones, too, are based on impressive switching technology, and they allow me to call almost anyone I wish. But telephoning retains at least some of the human significance of making contact -- as expressed, for example, in that "loaded" initial moment when I must declare myself to someone I have called out of the blue. Such a moment tends to mobilize the character -- the presence -- of the two personalities involved, whether they happen to be rude or considerate, shy or daring, clever or dull. Even so, the telephone conversants will likely remain far less fully engaged than they would in a face-to-face meeting.
With the Net's intelligence, however, I can direct my message to a single stranger, or to a thousand at once, with scarcely so much as an interruption of my reveries. It is not that the Net forces such detachment; it doesn't. But the Net is more than willing to assume the whole burden of making contact, if I am willing to leave it at that. I am free to skip the loaded moment altogether. One mailbox gets in touch with another. To make anything more of the movement toward contact -- to bring more of myself to it -- I must consciously exert myself where, in face-to-face encounter, the effort occurred more naturally and could be more fully expressed.
Nothing requires this effort of me. In fact, I can't help feeling a bit uneasy in talking about the sort of inner work one might do when preparing to fire off an email message to someone else. It seems slightly affected./8/ What, after all, is such work? But if the answer has become hazy for me, it is because the immediate realities of personal exchange have become hazy. I have been losing sight of the various aspects of myself called up by the human being before me -- the insecurity and invitation to rashness when I must think and respond "on my feet" (very different in quality from the rashness of Net flaming); the need to be receptive to every unexpected signal from the other, and to recognize something of myself reflected in it; my immediate like or dislike of traits extraneous or relevant; the obscure promptings of will from hidden places within me, perhaps too sudden to disguise; the various defenses of an ego that must present itself on all fronts rather than through words that have wholly detached themselves from me; and, above all, the underlying moral and esthetic coloring of each moment, the respect or disregard for the delicate conditions in which words of wisdom may thrive, the extraordinary challenge in honoring the other person's autonomy and potential.
The list could go on. But it all does seem a little pretentious as I type the words here onto my screen, and that is what worries me. When someone stands in front of me, the issues are much more immediate -- I do not need to "recall" them from quite the same distance, or with quite the same affectation.
Shielding ourselves from intrusion
The alternative, of course, is simply to put such issues out of mind. To all appearances, Gilder does this when he attempts to soothe the prevailing fears about invasion of privacy. He tells us that "what is really an invasion of privacy is a telemarketer who gets you out of bed or the shower. They don't have any idea who you are, no notion of what you want." Those who possess a thorough database of information about you, on the other hand, can "call you and try to solve your problem. That is much less of an invasion than [is] an intrusion by a company that doesn't know anything about you."
The idea is that we should be glad when companies have more complete information about us, because then they can serve our needs better. Gilder will doubtless have a harder time selling this view than he will some of his others. More important, however, than his conclusion are the premises underlying it:
So a lot of the so-called invasion of privacy will be a positive experience for most people. Computer communications can be sorted through, and you can keep what you want and kill what you don't. Increasingly, as your communication is channeled through computers, you will increase your control over it. It's the dumb terminal, the phone, which is the model of the violation. It violates your time and attention because it's dumb. If you have a really smart terminal that can sort through the communications and identify them, you can reject anything you don't want./9/
The truth in this, setting aside the larger contention about privacy, is in the difference between the phone and the Net's intelligent terminals. If the Net saves us from unwanted intrusions, it is because it easily saves us from the other person altogether. Making contact becomes a matter of software "that can sort through the communications." What Gilder calls our "control" over these communications is -- as in all efforts to control others -- a matter of shielding ourselves from people.
On the Net, the kind of control Gilder welcomes is unavoidable, lest we be drowned. We have no choice. I said above that the Net doesn't actually force our detachment. That wasn't quite true, for in a way it does. The more we form society around the Net, the greater the percentage of our daily business we cannot help transacting without making personal contact. How much of the personal is there in a credit-card transaction? We don't really have to do with the people we have to do with. They are largely extraneous to the main transaction, and carry out a mechanical function. Or, rather, the main transaction has itself become a mechanical function.
This, then, is what I am saying must be countered by a new, conscious, and inner striving. For my part, I hardly know how to begin. And yet, the movement to dissolve society and reconstitute it on the Net moves forward at a ferocious pace. My pessimism becomes most acute when, as in Gilder's case, the problem -- let alone its extremity -- is not even acknowledged.
A fragmentation of community ?
There seems to be a great difficulty in holding onto the truth -- as obvious as it is -- that ease and flexibility of switching do not constitute ease and depth in making human contact. Certainly the connectivity makes communication "easier," but it achieves this precisely by rendering contact more incidental, more shallow.
I suspect that every major technical advance in communication since the invention of writing has marked the path away from community rather than toward it./10/ Community is, in the first instance, something to be salvaged from information technology, not furthered by it. There is surely a case to be made (and many have made it) that the telephone, automobile, radio, and television have all contributed to social fragmentation, personal isolation, and alienation from both self and other.
In any event, one of the Net's attractions is avowedly its natural susceptibility to being shivered into innumerable, separate, relatively homogenous groups. The fact that you can find a forum for virtually any topic you might be interested in, however obscure, implies fragmentation as its reverse side. There may be advantages to this "principle of infinite cleaving," but the cultivation of community is not one of them.
To establish community in any deep sense is much more a matter of coming to terms with differences than merely matching up similarities. But it is not clear that the Net encourages our coming to terms with each other in this sense at all. If that were the real possibility opened up by the Net, we would hardly be excited about it, since most of us already have vastly more opportunities to interact with the people on our block, in the office, at church, and in our volunteer associations than we could take advantage of in a hundred years. Exactly what is the new thing we're celebrating?
Powers of heart and soul
Historically there have been any number of village societies in which the physical means of communication were evenly distributed in the form of a common airspace. Each person was physically enabled to communicate with all the others. I am aware of no evidence that this equality of access predisposed such villages any more to democratic forms of community than to other forms.
The fact is that the qualities of community -- whatever its form -- are, in essence, soul qualities. They can only be expressions of our own inner life. The view that a technology can be "democratizing and leveling" testifies to a radical alienation from everything that constitutes both the inner life and culture.
It is highly disturbing to hear technology debated as if the forms we need for building community were somehow inherent in the technology itself. When we take such a stance, we confirm that we have lost sight of our own creative responsibility for the substance of community. In that case, the technology truly will become the remaining substance of community -- for we will have given up everything in the human being that cannot be embedded within the machine.
All this, I hope, will make clear why I find the following statement so unsettling. It is a clause taken from the opening line of a proposed "Charter of Communication Interdependence of the global nongovernmental movements for peace, human rights, and environmental preservation," and it refers to the creation of various electronic networks, such as the PeaceNet.
WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS it becomes possible to dissolve the communication frontiers that have divided peoples one from another..../11/
What hope is there for peace and human rights when I conceive the barriers separating me from my fellows to be mere obstructions on a network technology diagram rather than the powers of darkness shadowing my own heart?
1. Net announcement posted by Strangelove Press (mstrange@fonorola.net) on November 18, 1993.
2. For purposes of discussion, I will take "community" in the broadest possible sense as "the meaning we find through our life together."
3. Rheingold, 1993: 131.
4. From a contribution to the "irvc-l" list (irvc-l@byrd.mu.wvnet.edu), 19 October 1993.
5. From a contribution to the "irvc-l" list (irvc-l@byrd.mu.wvnet.edu), 9 October 1993.
6. Quotations in this section are from Gilder, 1993a, and Gilder, 1993b.
7. For discussion of this issue, see Chapter 8, "Things That Run by Themselves."
8. I discuss some related issues in PART THREE. See, in particular, Chapter 18, "And the Word Became Mechanical."
9. Gilder, 1994: 47.
10. This has to do with the relation between accuracy of communication and fullness of meaning, discussed in Chapter 23, "Can We Transcend Computation?" Technical improvements, almost by definition, facilitate accuracy rather than the expression of meaning.
11. Frederick, 1992.
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Lesson: Checking the Surf
Lesson 1: Surf's Up!
amplitude transverse wave tsunami wavelength waves
Figure 1. An illustration of tsunami waves.
Copyright © National Environment Agency, Singapore, http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1085#whattunami
This lesson introduces the concepts of wavelength and amplitude in transverse waves. In the associated activity, students use ropes and their bodies to investigate different wavelengths and amplitudes.
Engineers use wavelengths and amplitude to quantify different types of waves. They have developed tsunami detection devices to help warn people of the approach of a tsunami, which can be very dangerous — oftentimes destroying entire coastal communities. The amplitude of an ocean wave is typically 2 to 3 meters, but an undersea earthquake can create tsunamis with amplitudes greater than 10 meters. Engineers must have a good understanding of how waves can amplify under what conditions to create technology to help prevent disaster and even death.
Define wavelength.
Define amplitude.
Draw and label the wavelength and amplitude of a wave.
Waves, which are regular patterns of motion, can be made in water by disturbing the surface. When waves move across the surface of deep water, the water goes up and down in place; there is no net motion in the direction of the wave except when the water meets a beach. (Note: This grade band endpoint was moved from K–2.)
Tsunami Attack! Giant Wave Characteristics and Causes
Students learn about tsunamis, discovering what causes them and what makes them so dangerous. They learn that engineers design detection and warning equipment, as well as structures that that can survive the strong wave forces. In a hands-on activity, students use a table-top-sized tsunami generator...
Waves and Wave Properties
Students learn about the types of waves and how they change direction, as well as basic wave properties such as wavelength, frequency, amplitude and speed. During the presentation of lecture information on wave characteristics and properties, students take notes using a handout.
This lesson introduces the concepts of longitudinal and transverse waves. Students see several demonstrations of waves and characterize them by transverse and longitudinal behavior.
Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move the Earth
Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move the Earth. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings.
Definitions of longitudinal and transverse waves; Lesson 1 of this unit.
After figuring out that the longitudinal action of the ocean waves pushed the gold coin towards the shore, Angie and Harmon want to boat further out into the ocean to determine the origins of the coin. They convince Fisherman Frank to take them out in his boat. However, as they are getting ready to head out, they hear on the radio that a tsunami warning is in effect due to an undersea earthquake that occurred an hour ago not far away. Yet, from the beach, they cannot see anything wrong. What should they do? Is there any way for them to know that a tsunami is coming?
To answer these questions, let's talk more about waves. When engineers and scientists want to talk about how big a wave is, and what sort of shape it has, they use two special words: amplitude and wavelength. (Note: Teachers write these words on the board.) These words help other engineers and scientists know how big or small the wave is and what it looks like. This is similar to how we use height to talk about how tall people are — if I said, "She was 7 feet tall," then you would know that that person was quite big. In the same way, engineers use amplitude and wavelength to explain the size and shape of a wave.
So, what do these words really mean? Let's talk about amplitude first. Amplitude is how tall a wave is, and it is measured from the top of the wave to the bottom. Pretty easy, right? I am going to draw a picture of a wave on the board now, and see if you can tell where the amplitude is. Great! Now I'll draw a line showing just how to measure it so you can all see.
What was that second word again? Right – wavelength! What does wavelength sound like? (Answer: The length of a wave.) Perfect! And that is a really good way to think about it: wavelength is the distance it takes for a wave to repeat itself and start over again. Okay, let me draw another picture of waves on the board. Can you figure out how to find the wavelength? Excellent. Have students reinforce their understanding of wavelength vs. amplitude with the fun game of Simon Says Big Amplitude, Small Wavelength!
Now that you know about the special words engineers and scientists use for waves, does anyone know what a tsunami is? A tsunami is an event that creates huge, humungous, enormously big waves. The big waves are created when an earthquake happens deep under the ocean on the ocean floor. The power from the Earth moving causes waves to ripple out, and by the time they hit the shore, they can be even taller than your school. Tsunamis can be very dangerous, but, fortunately, engineers have figured out ways to tell when one is coming. Engineers care a lot about keeping people safe, and they continually work on even better ways to detect tsunamis.
A wave is a moving disturbance in a medium. Ripples in a pond are good examples of waves. If there is no wind, a pond will be smooth until a rock is thrown in and disturbs the water. Then ripples, or disturbances, in the pond travel in circles to the edge. The "medium" in this case is the water through which the ripples travel. The medium that a wave moves in can be almost anything, even a 3rd grade student!
As described in Lesson 1, ocean waves are a combination of longitudinal and transverse waves. The "wave" that students see at the beach is the up and down motion of water molecules as the wave travels horizontally towards the shore. This motion is the transverse behavior of the wave. Let's expand on this description of transverse behavior using the concepts of amplitude and wavelength.
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum variation of the wave from its equilibrium position. In some cases it is a distance, so it is measured in meters (m), kilometers (km), centimeters (cm), feet (ft) or miles. The amplitude could also be volume, so it could be measured in decibels (dB). You could imagine other things that the amplitude could be, with corresponding units, such as electrical power (watts) and plants (number of plants). The diagram below has the amplitude labeled both above and below the equilibrium line — it is the same distance (1 m) either way you measure it.
The wavelength is the distance that it takes for a wave to repeat itself. As shown in Figure 2, the wavelength can be thought of the distance from crest 1 to crest 2 (2 meters), or trough 1 to trough 2 (2 meters again), or any 2 similar (but opposite) points on the wave.
Figure 2. Wavelength and amplitude.
Copyright © Image created by Frank Burkholder, University of Colorado at Boulder, ITLL, 2006.
Waves are typically described using charts and diagrams, but the idea of a wave — a traveling disturbance — is very broad, and methods besides graphing can be used to get a more kinesthetic understanding of waves, wave amplitude and wavelength. For example, the Simon Says Activity (see Associated Activity) uses body motion to generate waves.
Tsunamis are one example of the amazing power of ocean waves. The following definition of a tsunami is paraphrased from the National Weather Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration website:
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves of extremely long wavelength (miles from crest to crest) and small amplitude (a few feet or more) that move at up to 500 mph in deep water towards shore. As they approach shore, their speed slows, and their amplitude often grows to 50 feet or more. Underwater earthquakes, eruptions or landslides can create tsunamis.
Tsunamis can be very dangerous for coastal communities, as was seen in destruction and loss of life as a result of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. But, scientists and engineers are working together to warn communities of approaching tsunamis. Off the coasts of Alaska and California, pressure sensors on the ocean floor measure the amplitude of the ocean waves traveling over them, and then radio buoys broadcast that information to sailors and the public. This data allows engineers and scientists to know immediately whether a wave will become a tsunami or not. For Angie and Harmon standing on shore, the only way they would know that a tsunami is coming is if the tide receded (went way out). This more immediate warning, but one which is often too late, is when the coastal water is sucked into the tsunami before it hits shore. In this case, the coastal water may drop far below low-tide levels, exposing coral reefs and wildlife. Unfortunately some people take this opportunity to walk out to the reefs and look at wildlife, when instead they should be fleeing inland and moving to the highest possible location in order to save their lives.
Simon Says Big Amplitude, Small Wavelength! - In this activity, students play "Simon Says" using their bodies and some rope to reinforce the concepts of amplitude and wavelength.
In our last lesson, we learned about two different types of waves (transverse and longitudinal), and in this lesson we learned about two special words that engineers and scientists use to describe the shape and size of waves. Who would like to say what those two special words are? Right! Wavelength and amplitude tell us about the shape and size of a wave. We also talked a little bit about how tsunamis, which are enormous waves, are formed. In our next lesson we are going to learn another important word that engineers use to describe how often something happens – frequency. And, we will also find out what our two courageous heroes, Angie and Harmon, are up to next!
Amplitude : The maximum distance a wave moves away from its equilibrium position; in ocean waves its unit is usually feet or meters.
Tsunami : A series of traveling ocean waves of very long wavelength and small amplitude that race toward shore very quickly after an undersea disturbance, such as an earthquake or eruption. These waves slow in speed and grow in amplitude as they approach shore, sometimes becoming more than 50 feet high.
Wavelength : The distance a wave takes to repeat itself, measured from trough to trough or crest to crest. In ocean waves, wavelength is measured in feet or meters; light waves are measured in nanometers (10-9 m), and radio waves are measured in meters. Radio waves can vary between one meter (FM) and 1000 meters (AM).
Draw a Wave!: Ask students to take out a piece of paper and draw 3 or 4 ocean waves approaching a beach. Ask them to show the waves from the side, as if the students were out in a boat some distance from shore. You may want to help the students by drawing an example wave on the board. Then ask them to draw, on the same picture, much bigger waves approaching the same beach. Ask them what the differences are between the smaller waves and bigger waves. Tell the students that today they will learn new words to help explain the differences between the waves they drew.
Label Away!: Ask students to label the wavelength and amplitude of the waves they drew in the Pre-Assessment. Circulate the room to answer questions and assist.
Lesson Summary Assessment
Class Discussion Question: Solicit, integrate and summarize student responses to the following questions:
How do engineers detect tsunamis before they hit? (Answer: Right now they monitor underwater earthquakes and eruptions using equipment that detects seismic waves created by these disturbances. The greater the amplitude of the seismic wave, the bigger the earthquake and the more likely that a tsunami will form.)
Students may explore wavelength, amplitude and wave period (the amount of time between crests) of ocean waves and watch a sailboat navigate them using the Wave Simulator found on the National Geographic website at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/volvooceanrace/interactives/waves/index.html
Markey, Sean. National Geographic.com, "Wave Simulator," accessed January 25, 2007. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/volvooceanrace/interactives/waves/index.html
Russel, Dan, 1999. Ketterling University Applied Physics, Acoustics Animations, "Longitudinal and Transverse Wave Motion," accessed January 18, 2007. http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos.html
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Tsunami Information Center, "Tsunami: The Great Waves," accessed January 25, 2007. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/tsunami.htm
Frank Burkholder; Abigail Watrous; Janet Yowell


It's been a busy year with lots of finished quilts and other items. Here are a few of my favourites.
In March I went and saw Jenny Doan from the Missouri Star Quilt Company and was absolutely amazed by how easy she makes quilting. I was so inspired that I made this cot quit. It did not stay in my possession for long because a lady at my hubbies work was pregnant and he gifted it to her.
I did a few different classes throughout the year to stretch my skills. I did a lampshade class at Voodoo Rabbit and made this lampshade I gifted it to my mum for mothers day. I really enjoyed the process but of course haven't made anymore since the class.
Then of course there was my selvage lone star quilt. This was so fun to make and I love using up scraps. It was also dog approved.
I love this Rising Star quilt designed by Ron Doan, Jenny's hubbie. I love the black background, its different, it's unusual and I love the pop of lime green.
Now, I think this is my all time favourite finish for the year. My Sue Daley, Swiss Willow design paperpieced made with Libs Elliott Wildside, Tattooed and When Sparks Fly fabrics into a cushion. Its fits in perfectly with my other cushions on the couch in my quilting studio.
Last but not least, i did a shibori dyeing class and made this quilt top. Loved this class so much, cant wait to experiment with this process some more.
I also used some of the scraps to make some embroidery hoops and rope bowls.
Thats a wrap of 2018, and looking forward to pushing my skills further in 2019.
Thanks Heather. Enjoyed every minute and looking forward to more next year.


text:
A $22 Million Federal Lawsuit Says Portland Discriminated Against a Black Nightclub Owner
The lawsuit says the shutdown of Exotica International Club for Men was part of a pattern of targeting black-owned bars.
By Peter D'Auria
August 16, 2016 at 1:30 pm PDT
By Peter D'Auria and Beth Slovic
The way Donna Thames sees it, her former business in Northeast Portland was part of a proud tradition of social hubs that catered to black Portlanders.
"It was everything," says Thames. "It was the spot. It meant a lot to a lot of people. It was bigger than Cheers."
Thames says her business, Exotica International Club for Men, was a rare, black-owned strip club that enjoyed mostly African-American clientele and employees.
The way city and state officials saw it, Thames' business was dangerous. She was forced to close Exotica in 2015 after three men were wounded in a parking lot shooting.
Thames doesn't deny a shooting occurred on the club's property. Instead, she says city and state officials punished Exotica more harshly than nearby, white-owned businesses where violent crimes also took place.
Now, she's alleging in court that the government response was part of a pattern of Portland-area regulators cracking down on black-owned nightspots.
Thames is bringing a $22 million federal lawsuit against the agencies she says drove her from her business at the corner of Northeast Columbia and Martin Luther King Jr. boulevards.
A 48-page complaint, filed Aug. 12 in U.S. District Court, claims the business was the latest victim of long-standing discrimination against African-American club owners by the city of Portland and the Oregon Liquor Control Commission.
"This case is about unconscionable, illegal conduct creating insurmountable obstacles to success of black club owners catering to black people and clubs offering entertainment and playing music appealing to black people," the complaint reads. "The city of Portland, working in partnership with state liquor authorities, has a long and shameful history of knowingly and intentionally targeting black clubs with all of their regulatory power in a concerted effort to drive the clubs out of business."
The Portland Police Bureau, the city's Office of Neighborhood Involvement, and Mayor Charlie Hales declined WW's requests to comment on the lawsuit, saying they do not comment on pending litigation.
"OLCC will continue to provide a level of fairness for all liquor licensees across the state," agency spokeswoman Christie Scott writes in an email.
Thames' suit, filed by Portland attorney Tim Volpert and lawyers at Levi Merrithew Horst, details a long history of what Thames calls unfair treatment at the hands of city and OLCC officials.
Related: Tensions between Portland hip-hop artists and police boil over at a music venue in Southeast Portland.
It is the latest in a series of business-owner allegations that Portland agencies discriminate against black nightlife.
After the 2013 closing of the Fontaine Bleau, a Northeast Portland hip-hop nightclub, following a shooting outside, owner Rodney DeWalt filed a $3 million lawsuit against OLCC and the city of Portland for "a campaign intended to thwart black-owned clubs or clubs that played hip-hop and catered to the black community." The suit is currently in U.S. District Court.
In 2011, after the closure of Seeznin's Bar and Lounge on Northeast 82nd Avenue, owner Sam Thompson accused authorities of racism when the OLCC imposed strict restrictions on Seeznin's because of a series of neighborhood shootings.
"It's better to be a bike or a dog in this town than a black male," Thompson told The Skanner in 2011.
Beth Creighton, a Portland civil rights lawyer, says discrimination cases can be challenging to prove when racism is not overt. "In this day in age, people have gotten smart about discriminating and hiding what their true motives are," she says.
Thames, 43, says scrutiny of Exotica intensified when she took over in 2010 from the previous owner, who was Jordanian.
"I felt like we were being targeted," she says. "The prior owner wasn't treated that way."
In August 2010, Thames alleges, about two months after she took ownership of the club, the OLCC granted her a liquor license, but imposed what Thames calls "draconian" restrictions.
The club was required to have three security officers on duty from Sunday to Thursday and four on Fridays and Saturdays—even on slow nights. Security staff was required to "patrol" the parking lot every 15 minutes. Club patrons were also prohibited from being in possession of more than one alcoholic drink at a time.
In August 2014, the suit alleges, OLCC officers came to the club, "ostensibly to review video of a patron who had been arrested." Thames recorded the interaction on her cellphone with the officers' consent. After viewing the video, officers demanded Thames' cellphone, saying, "It's now evidence in our criminal investigation."
When she would not give it to them, she claims the officers arrested her, confiscated her cellphone, and "marched [her], in handcuffs, through her club, past her customers and staff, and made her stand in the hot, midday sun" for "approximately one and one half hours."
She was arrested for resisting arrest and interfering with a peace officer. The Multnomah County District Attorney's Office declined to charge her, saying the arrest was unwarranted.
"It was very obvious that she had been targeted," her father, C.L. Thames, tells WW. "These people were basically coming at her from every possible angle."
Related: An independent review said Portland has a "lack of transparency" in its policy toward hip-hop shows.
The end came in 2015 after Exotica bouncers denied entry to a group of men believed to be in a gang. One of the ejected patrons then opened fire in Exotica's parking lot, wounding three people.
Thames says her club did nothing wrong, but she was told by city authorities with the Office of Neighborhood Involvement that Exotica was in need of a "prolonged cooling-off period" and would need to close at midnight for three months.
Her dancers and bartenders told Thames they wouldn't work for her if the club closed at midnight because that would cut significantly into their tips.
"Ms. Thames was told, in no uncertain terms, that she could either accept midnight closure for 90 days or face such a closure for a year," the suit alleges.
Thames' suit says no similar restrictions were placed on white-owned clubs where people had been shot.
"A business named 'Skinns,' operated by a white person not far from Exotica, experienced two homicides and a shooting involving two more victims in three separate incidents on the premises between 2011 and 2016," the complaint reads. "Neither the OLCC nor the City imposed any restrictions on that business. It continues to operate."
OLCC spokeswoman Scott confirms that Club Skinn currently operates without restrictions, but says the agency is conducting "a lengthy investigation" into the business.
Exotica International closed in July 2015.
Thames' suit says Portland's over-regulation has shut down most of the bars run by black people.
"Presently, black people in Portland comprise approximately 6.3 percent of the population, but there are only three black-owned clubs or bars in the city," the suit says. "There are no currently operating black clubs in Portland catering to young black people and playing hip-hop music."
Willamette Week


What is better than the crunch of a sweet, juicy apple? You can thank the Roman horticulturists who cultivated the wild apple, without which there would be no apple pie, apple juice, applesauce or a host of wonderful treats. With over 7500 varieties to choose from, the tasty apple epitomizes the magical blend of sweet, tart, tangy and juicy that so entices the taste buds. Besides, these healthful fruits are guaranteed to keep away the doctor and impress your school teacher (and nutrition coach).
Apples are full of fiber and immune-boosting Vitamin C and contain antioxidants, minerals and cholesterol-lowering pectin, making apples a perfect source of nutrients for your body. Apples keep you hydrated in summer and can help prevent flu and colds in the winter. Pack a couple for a midday pick-me-up that fills you up without empty calories. Purchase fresh (organic is best) and enjoy them whole, or in your favorite recipe, for some palate-pleasing munching.


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The Avian Science Center and the Wildlife Biology Program at the University of Montana are offering a professional development opportunity for undergraduate and graduate students to attend the Private Lands Partners Days 2019 conference in Ogden, Utah, from September 24 to 26, 2019.
Professor Mark Hebblewhite visited SciShow to discuss ungulates, predator-prey relationships and his latest research.
Students get their hands wet and their waders muddy during fish biology lab, highlighted in this article from the Missoulian.
In August, doctoral candidate Matt Metz and coauthors published a paper in Nature Ecology and Evolution detailing how wolf predation impacts elk antler evolution. Metz explains the story behind the science in this blog post.
The University of Montana's Wildlife Biology Program provides students with an extensive knowledge of ecology, population biology, wildlife biology and critical thinking and quantitative skills. Our students become leaders, bringing science to the dynamic management of wildlife and fish populations and their habitat, communities, and ecosystems. The Wildlife Biology Program is a joint program with the W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Division of Biological Sciences, and the Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. We are ranked #1 in the U.S. and Canada for the quality and productivity of faculty research.
The Wildlife Society UM Student Chapter volunteers on the Blackfoot-Clearwater Game Range, in partnership with MT Fish Wildlife and Parks and the Backcountry Horsemen of Montana to remove more than 20 miles of hazardous fencing to improve wildlife habitat.
Wildlife students volunteer for Defenders of Wildlife Wolverine Watch program, setting camera traps and hair collection stations in the Bitterroot Mountains to help monitor for wolverines in this rugged wilderness area just south of Missoula.