Constructing a good-size single garage can leave room for a workshop or storage. While you have options on dimensions, plan a couple of extra feet for wall storage or a work bench space. When you add just two additional feet, for example, you are really adding many additional cubic feet. Keep in mind that a single-car garage with storage space will enhance the market appeal of your home.
The back wall of this garage might yield needed storage.
The average size of a single-car garage is about 12 feet wide by 22 feet long. While many homeowners add a couple of extra feet in length or width, you can house one car in this average garage.
It's possible to make the length only 20 feet, but 22 feet offers more options for storage and shelving in the back of the space. If the budget and the lot size will allow, you will find the garage more user-friendly if you build it 14 feet wide to allow for side storage and opening car doors more easily.
Storage ideas can fit different layouts. For instance, you can build overhead storage in the roof, especially if the roof is 10 feet high or higher.
Garage attic space should be reinforced, however, because storing a lot of weight there can make joists sag. Floor-to-ceiling storage shelves along 18 inches of the garage's back wall can work, too.
Or, if you build a couple of extra feet of width onto the garage, you can construct a storage wall and workbench in a single-car garage.
Make sure your exterior garage design fits the home's architecture. You want the roof of the garage and overhangs to blend with the house overhangs and roof angles.
In other words, the garage construction should look original to the house. Try to avoid constructing a garage that looks added on later, if at all possible.
A bump-out storage room or greenhouse is possible. On the back wall of the garage, you can construct a lean-to shed addition for storage.
Or, you can install a lean-to greenhouse, for example, on the back wall exterior. In a narrow yard, adding this kind of space to a single-car garage is especially good for those who enjoy gardening.
You simply don't have as many storage options inside a single-car garage as you do in a standard two-car garage.
A small garage should fit your lifestyle. You can install a breezeway between the garage and house in just four or five feet, for example.
A door leading to the breezeway from the garage will provide a breezeway patio, perhaps, to place muddy boots. Or, you can install a small table to park bags of groceries for transport into the house.
Having an automatic garage door opener and automatic light inside the garage can enhance your single-car garage as well.
Cost Helper: How Much Does Building a Garage Cost?


Embrace: Music, Justice, Arts, a platform that aims to design and open spaces for creative pursuits in the area of music, lyrics, poetry and slam is celebrating 77th birth anniversary of Bob Dylan at Depot48.
It will be probably be one of the first time that the national capital will celebrate Bob Dylan's birthday through a tribute by multiple artists. It will be an evening of songs interpreted by acoustic acts to a full-band show and conversations.
Turning 77 on May 24, 2018, Bob Dylan - singer-songwriter, author and painter - is arguably the most influential songwrit er ever with many of his songs becoming part of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s in the US and the protests against the Vietnam war.
Curated by Embrace and hosted by Depot48, the evening is a commencement of a series of theme nights.


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Is the Future Finally Bright for the Knicks?
Adam Israelevitz, Staff Reporter|March 4, 2018
Adam Israelevitz
Jake Goldsmith '19 and Sheikh Hasin '19, both knick supporters, warm up for a basketball game on the Bronx Science Boys' Basketball Varsity team.
As many know, being a New York Knicks fan is no easy task. A typical Knicks fan has had to endure horrific basketball play, player drama, front office lunacy, and all around dysfunction. However, with controversial former General Manager Phil Jackson finally out of the picture, there is hope for a championship in the future.
But is this hope justified? After all, fans have been given false hope countless times, as evidenced by the drafting of Jordan Hill into the top ten in the NBA Draft of 2009, the signing of Amare Stoudemire in 2010, and the trade of Carmelo Anthony in 2011. All of these moves represent two primary problems of the past Knicks teams: either a poor player talent evaluation, or the team selling their future assets (salary cap room or young players) in exchange for veteran stars. While these stars look good on the roster, they are typically past their prime and have no good team around them since all the Knick's assets disappear after poor draft picks or bad trades.
However, on April 21, 2017, the Knicks player strategy was changed with the hiring of upstart General Manager Scott Perry. "It's like building a home. It takes time to establish that foundation, focusing on development and working hard and living with the results as we move forward," Perry said during a press conference. This shows Perry's desire to develop a core, a youth movement for the Knicks instead of signing veteran players This is a dramatic departure from Jackson. This long term outlook for the franchise has not been seen since the Patrick Ewing era for the Knicks, and it is a welcome change for any fan of the franchise.
With the rise of third year phenomenon Kristaps Porzingis, the Knicks have a franchise cornerstone to build around for years to come. In addition, the Knicks selected nineteen year old Frank Ntilikina as their eighth pick in the 2017 NBA draft, hoping the French point guard could contribute to the team at a high level. Ntilikina has shown flashes of dominance, leading the league in steals per minute.
"It's important to understand that the Knicks can't instantly make a contender like they have in the past. Slowly we are improving, and if we continue to rebuild properly in the off season, there is a lot to be excited about as a Knicks fan."
The Knicks also traded away Carmelo Anthony to the Oklahoma City Thunder, which enables the team to give younger players more opportunities to play in games to get experience, as well as getting rid of the distraction of the talented yet demanding superstar in Carmelo Anthony. This youth inspired optimism has many fans pleased with the Knick's actions. They hope that the younger players will push the team to eventually become a championship contender.
Jake Goldsmith '19, an avid Knicks fan and member of the Bronx Science Boys' Varsity Basketball team, shares this optimistic view. "The Knicks have made a lot of good moves in the off season in their attempt to get younger players, and this season, many of the younger players are having career years, so it's fun to watch," Goldsmith said.
Knicks fans can adopt a cautiously optimistic view on their beloved team for future. "It's important to understand that the Knicks can't instantly make a contender like they have in the past. Slowly we are improving, and if we continue to rebuild properly in the off season, there is a lot to be excited about as a Knicks fan," Goldsmith said. Let us all hope that this time, the hope for a basketball championship in New York is finally accomplished!
The Trailblazers Who Preceded the Pioneer, Kamala Harris
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


OSU Institute of Technology has been ranked one of the "best in the West" in US News' 2019 Best Colleges list that was released Monday.
OSUIT was also listed 8th among the top public colleges in the West and 27th among all colleges in the West.
Fifteen states are included in the region: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.
OSUIT President Bill R. Path said this is the fourth time the university has participated in the rankings, and each of those four years, OSUIT has been ranked in the top 30 Regional Colleges-West category.
"Year after year, OSUIT continues to gain national attention and recognition for our quality and quantity of programs available to our students. It's quite an accomplishment being ranked at the top of the regional schools list with such a large number of quality institutions across our 15-state region," said Path.
US News based the rankings on 16 areas of academic excellence including retention and graduation rates; faculty resources; surveys and assessments; financial resources; student excellence; and alumni giving.
Other Oklahoma schools that made the Best Regional Colleges-West list include Oklahoma Baptist University, Southwestern Christian University, Bacone College, Oklahoma Panhandle State University, and Rogers State University.


At their meeting on Monday evening, Houghton Regis Town Councillors agreed a budget for 2015/16. An increase in expenditure for the year of £28,724 will be financed by a £10,550 increase in precept, plus the use of General Reserves of £18,174. The net outcome for council tax bills is that there will be no increase in the Town Council's portion of the Council Tax.
Post by Houghton Regis News Desk.


Sam and his team did a great thorough clean of my house - top to bottom full clean for a big house. Was easy to deal with and talk to during the process to clarify any details. Was easy to deal with and talk to during the process to clarify any details.... Sam and his team did a great thorough clean of my house - top to bottom full clean for a big house. Was easy to deal with and talk to during the process to clarify any details. Was easy to deal with and talk to during the process to clarify any details.
How to Clean Household Surfaces Efficiently Author Info wikiHow is a wiki similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are written collaboratively.
In case, you are cleaning the house on your own; then you may need proper guidance on the ways to overcome the challenges that could occur during the big cleaning job. To make the entire process easier and efficient, we bring you the list of tricks and tips.
You'll start to be a fast, efficient packer and you'll be able to see if something is missing just by eyeing your luggage. After your trip, you should clean off your luggage and store it away, empty.


This category will contain things such as AuroraWatch project updates, awards, and other interesting news. Details about research based on AuroraWatch data may also be posted here.
Report your aurora sightings and see them on our map!
2017-10-03 in AuroraWatch News, Citizen Science.
2017-09-13 in Aurora, AuroraWatch News.
2017-05-16 in AuroraWatch News, Citizen Science.


Loeb & Loeb LLP is pleased to announce that partner Mary Ann Mancini was selected for inclusion in the 2013 edition of Washington DC Super Lawyers, a Thomson Reuters publication. Just five percent of attorneys in the Washington DC area receive this honor each year. The list was published in the Washington Post Magazine on April 28, 2013 and will appear in the May 2013 edition of DC Magazine.
Mancini's practice focuses on advising high net worth families and individuals on estate planning matters, with an emphasis on planning for real estate ownership, closely-held businesses and life insurance. In addition to being named a 2013 Super Lawyer for the Washington DC Metro Area, she was recognized among the "Top 50 Women Attorneys" in Washington DC by Super Lawyers for 2013.
Super Lawyers is a rating service of outstanding lawyers from more than 70 practice areas who have attained a high-degree of peer recognition and professional achievement. The selection process is multi-phased and includes independent research, peer nominations and peer evaluations. For more information visit www.superlawyers.com.


Fresh, organic, delicious: these three words can perfectly define our experience at Inspira Boutique Hotel restaurant Open Brasserie Mediterrânica. I could have chosen a list of several other words, including the kindness how we're received, but if I can only choose three words to describe this restaurant these would be the ones.
The first time I went to lunch at Open (you can read all about it by clicking here) I become a fan of the all concept that this restaurant evolves: the incredible dishes created of top organic ingredients, including gluten and lactose free options with the plus of vegetarian and vegan dishes (pretty amazing, right?), and also because of the wonderful contribution that we can give to the foundation PumpAid - Water for Life by purchasing a bottle of water. How special it is to know that thousands of people in Africa are having access to safe water supplies thanks to this action, so don't forget, next time you'll go to Open or to Inspira please buy one of these bottle waters, your simple gesture can make all the difference for thousands of lives.
Open restaurant is one of the restaurants that I always recommend in Lisbon, simply because the food is truly fantastic. We started our Saturday dinner with a tasty amuse-bouche, being followed by an entrée of Organic Vegetables with Goat Cheese. The main courses were Stewed Guinea Fowl thigh with Mushroom Risotto (which could have been a bit heavy for dinner, but honestly I didn't care about it, at Open you can enjoy the best Risottos in town!), and an incredible Rack of Lamb with its aromatic herbs crust, Mashed Potatoes and Vegetables which was the winner of the night. For dessert we shared a Chocolate Mousse with Caramel Foam and Peanut Butter and a Puff Pastry of Rocha Pear with Cottage Cheese and Eucalyptus Honey, the second one delighted our palate.


China Hand Kung Fu Academy has the following policies and procedures. These policies and procedures have been put into place to maintain an honest, open relationship with the student, while maintaining a safe and friendly environment for "Quality Kung Fu Instruction."
There are no refunds of Private class tuition.
There are no refunds of Group class tuition.
There are no refunds for DVD's purchased.
There are no refunds for Virtual Training purchased.
There are no refunds for supplies special ordered.
China Hand Kung Fu Academy in an effort to offer monthly tuition at a reasonable cost does afford all students the ability to make classes up, will take personal circumstances into consideration, honor all guarantee's, or otherwise treat our clients honestly, fairly and with respect.
The preferred attire for all students is the Official China Hand Kung Fu Academy Uniform. This consists of black pants, black T-shirt with the CHKFA Logo (black jackets optional with the CHKFA Logo), and sash.
However, it is acceptable to wear loose comfortable fitting clothing, a t-shirt or sweat shirt, and sneakers or flat soled shoes. NO BARE FEET.
If you are a Private or Group student you may attend classes in your style(s) of study as many times as the class is offered at your level and based on the tuition you have paid for the month.
You do not have to attend class the same day every week.
Active students may use facilities with other students provided an instructor is present.
China Hand Kung Fu Academy has the following policies and procedures. These policies and procedures have been put into place to maintain an honest, open relationship with the student, while maintaining a safe and friendly environment for quality kung fu instruction.
China Hand Kung Fu Academy offers privates lessons for those who seek more individualized instruction and a custom training plan. Private instruction includes four one hour private classes each month. This is (1) one on (1) one instruction with Shifu.
In addition to your regularly scheduled private classes, your monthly tuition allows you to attend all group classes for all other styles offered at your level. In order to maintain your time slot, your tuition must be paid every month with no exception. The student will be responsible to notify the instructor at least 24 hours in advance to make prior arrangements for make-up classes that are convenient to the instructor and/or student.
Scheduling your private session is based on availability of the instructor and varies accordingly. Scheduling is made on a student to student basis. The student will be responsible to notify the instructor at least 24 hours in advance to make prior arrangements for make-up classes that are convenient to the instructor and/or student.
Though we understand many unexpected circumstances arise, if you cancel your class in less then 24 hours, you forfeit your class. Any cancellations made in advance can be made up according to availability and is the students responsibility to make arrangements for all make-ups classes.
All classes need to be made up with in 30 days of missing your class.
Students can attend Group classes each month according to their payment of tuition. Upon approval of the instructor, students may attend another class of a similar type if one is available during the month which you missed class. Otherwise, there are no make-up classes for Group & Adult Education Students.
Those classes offered through one of the local community schools can be made up at the Academy anytime prior to the scheduled ending date of the class. However, once the class has concluded, there are no makes available. Any community class being offered through the local community school and being taught at the Academy also needs to be made up by the scheduled ending date of the class.
The attending of class whether there is active participation or observation, this is your class time.
Do not attempt to perform techniques or movements that have not been taught directly to you by a qualified instructor.
Arrive at class on time (no sooner than 15 minutes before your class).
Do not interrupt classes in progress or delay the start of another.
Adults Only those students who have completed their Elementary Level training and have been advanced to the Intermediate/Advanced Levels are allowed to participate in Free Fighting/Sparring.
Students do not have to participate in any Free Sparring/Fighting activities. This is an elective activity and not required for any promotional advancements.
Students also are not required to attend any tournaments in order to advance or be promoted.
Children No children under the age of 13 will be allowed to Free Spar/Fight.
Those children between 13 and 17 years old will be required to complete Basic Level training before being allowed to Free Spar/Fight.
How long does it take to get to Intermediate/Advanced Level Classes?
When will Free Sparring/Fighting be held?
Free Sparring/Fighting will only be held when a Senior Instructor or higher Ranked Instructor is present and supervising the activity.
What kind of safety equipment/gear is required?
2. Kicking Pads - a soft padded surface must cover the instep, sides, toes, ankle, and back of the heel of the foot.
3. Head Gear - the front, sides and back of the head must be covered by a soft padded surface.
4. Mouth piece - a properly fitted mouthpiece is required.
5. Groin protectors - properly fitted groin protector is required.
6. Chest protectors - optional but are recommended.
What are the allowable target areas and techniques?
Head, but not the face - Always light contact only.
Spine, back, back of the neck, sides of the neck, throat, groin, legs from the knees down, knees, hips, buttocks, shoulders, elbows, spleen, feet, or against any joints.
All controlled techniques except those listed as not allowable.
Head butts, hair pulls, scratching, elbows, knees, eye attacks of any kind, take downs to the rear foot, stomps or kick to the knees, groin, ankles, any part of the opponent while on the ground, uncontrolled blind techniques, or any other unsafe, uncontrolled dangerous techniques.
What type of force is to be used?
Light Touch is defined as no penetration or visible movement of the opponent as a result of the techniques.
No facial contact is permitted.
Light contact will be allowed to the body but it must be controlled and non-malicious.
Light touch may be made to all allowable target areas.
Contact is made when an opponent strikes with force in excess of what is necessary to make light contact.
Visible snapping back of the opponent's head from the force of a blow.
A knockdown on an opponent.
A knockout of an opponent.
The appearance of severe swelling or bleeding.
The distortion or injury of the body from the force of a blow to the body.
NO Figthing/Sparring without Instructor Supervision & Gear.
Be prompt for class & respectful when late.
The Senior Student present has complete authority within the Academy and Students.
Throughout the year unexpected and unscheduled closing will occur. If the closing is Academy related for some reason, we will do our very best to notify you in advance or via a phone call.
In the event there is inclement weather conditions, the Academy will follow the local school district. If the schools are closed, there will be no class that day.
If there still is a question, please call 732-920-0605 as any unforeseen closing will be announced on the answering machine or on our website.
Failure to abide by the agreements set down in the China Hand Kung Fu Academy registration and waiver.
Failure to abide by the rules and regulations of the practice hall.
Non-reimbursement of any or all tuition fees or other payments made to the Academy.
Prohibited from participation in any class.
Immediate removal of enrollment from the China Hand Kung Fu Academy active student listing.
Excluded from re-enrollment in the Academy.
All students who are absent for an extended period of time may re-enroll at the current tuition rate, provided that they meet the conditions listed below.
The student informed a qualified instructor of their absence within one week of their last class.
Tuition was paid for the month in which their last class occurred.
Students are retained on the Active Students List for 30 days after their last paid month, after that they become Inactive Students.


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Drunken, has-been rock star John Norman Howard falls in love with unknown singer, Esther Hoffman, after seeing her perform at a club. He lets her sing a few songs at one of his shows and she becomes the talk of the music industry. Esther's star begins to rise, while John's continues to fall. She tries desperately to get John to sober up and focus on his music, but it may be too late to save him.
Casts: Barbra Streisand, Kris Kristofferson, Gary Busey, Oliver Clark, Paul Mazursky
Production: Barwood Films, Warner Bros. Pictures
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As mainstream media picks up on an Internet and Facebook campaign calling for a shutdown of Washington, D.C., this weekend, OOIDA has issued a statement in opposition to the effort and threats being made by the organizers.
The leaders of the effort generally have no affiliation to the trucking industry, and up until recently did not have a trucking-centric agenda. Within the past couple of weeks, some trucking issues were added.
One of the leaders, Zeeda Andrews, is a former country music performer who toured the truck stop circuit years ago. Another, Pete Santilli, has an Internet radio program, which is not trucking related.
"The individuals leading this particular effort have no direct affiliation with trucking and appear to be using truckers in order to gain media attention and air political grievances not related to the industry," reads a statement released by the Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association.
Land Line Magazine has confirmed the groups have not secured permits to demonstrate in Washington, D.C., and the park police have told them there is not sufficient space to handle a demonstration of tractor-trailers.
The group has indicated lack of a permit will not stop the demonstration and have even added claims of "arresting" congressmen as part of their agenda.
"We do not support assembling in an unlawful, unpermitted manner, committing crimes, making threats on our lawmakers, or behaving in such a way to cast safe, professional truck drivers in a negative light," the OOIDA statement reads.


Ontario superintendent volunteers at 100th PGA Championship in St. Louis.
Being in the right place at the right time paid off handsomely for a golf course superintendent from East Gwillimbury, Ont., creating a once-in-a-lifetime experience for the young woman.
Leasha Schwab, superintendent at the 27-hole Pheasant Run Golf Club, spent nine days in St. Louis, Mo. in August, volunteering at the 100th PGA Championship – the fourth and final major on the PGA Tour schedule. She was one of three women on the 150-person grounds maintenance crew – bolstered by 90 volunteers – and believes she might have been the lone Canadian on board.
Volunteerism at PGA Tour events is common practice among golf superintendents. It is a chance to network with others in the profession from across North America and around the world, and often participating superintendents can reap valuable information and skills they can utilize later at their own courses.
For Schwab, who was recognized last spring by Turf & Rec as one of Canada's top 10 turfgrass professionals under the age of 40, the opportunity to volunteer at St. Louis' Bellerive Country Club originated from a seminar she attended last winter at the Golf Industry Show in San Antonio, Texas. The seminar – about people in culture – was co-presented by Grant Murphy, associate superintendent at The National Golf Club of Canada, and Carlos Arraya, superintendent at Bellerive.
After meeting Arraya, Schwab stayed in touch with him during the months that followed.
Much of Schwab's exchanges with Arraya have dealt with the subject of diversity in the profession. Arraya is Puerto Rican, Schwab is female and her assistant is Jamaican-Irish. All are minorities in a predominantly white, male profession.
Arraya is one of only a few superintendents from among visible minorities to have been host for a major golf championship. While reviewing volunteer applications for the PGA championship, he called Schwab to request her presence on the crew, saying it would be good to have some female representation.
She felt honoured to be requested for the team, but her immediate reaction was to think there "wasn't a chance in hell" she could justify taking the time off from Pheasant Run in August. Schwab chose not to make the decision by herself, however, and consulted with both her club owner and general manager, informing them of the invitation yet noting her concerns about the nine-day absence from work.
Pheasant Run covered her return airfare to St. Louis while Bellerive and John Deere paid most of her other expenses.
The invitation to join the volunteer crew at Bellerive came with a special request. She was one of four volunteers asked to sit in on all of the management meetings each afternoon during the week of the PGA, getting an inside look at how such an event is run.
Schwab arrived in St. Louis on the Sunday prior to the major's Thursday start and attended her first volunteers' meeting. The group had to catch a shuttle at 3:30 a.m. each day to get from their hotel to the golf course and begin work for the day, finishing at about 8:30 a.m. They would return to their accommodations for a nap before resuming work at 4 p.m. The day's work concluded anywhere between 9 and 11 p.m.
During her first couple of days, she operated a Buffalo blower or a backpack blower but then switched gears to cut fairways for the duration of her work period.
She found the experience to be much like riding a bicycle, but she was taken aback one day when she discovered a hydraulic leak that had developed which added to the attention she was already generating.
She mowed either in the morning or afternoon and found the zoysia grass fairways to be more rigid than what she was accustomed to.
In spite of her case of nerves and mowing a warm season grass unfamiliar to most Canadian golf superintendents, Schwab said she found the volunteer experience rewarding and was impressed by how well Arraya was able to lead such a vast army of volunteers. She said she was amazed by how he inspired everyone to do their best work and how focused he was in spite of the fact that the PGA Championship coincided with the two-year anniversary of his 21-year-old son Isaiah's untimely death. To help lift his spirits, each of the volunteers wore wristbands with Isaiah's name inscribed on them.
Arraya's leadership abilities were inspiring, she said, adding he kept everything in perspective throughout the tournament.
She said she was moved to pick up leaves to prevent them from entering into bunkers because of Arraya's encouragement to have everyone do his best work.
Arraya also did a notable job at assembling a team that had plenty of diversity. Although most of the volunteers were American, others represented Scotland, Australia, Mexico, Costa Rica and Canada.
Schwab said St. Louis isn't known for its acceptance of non-white races and cultures, yet whites, blacks and Latinos all mixed together in harmony at Bellerive.
Schwab said that she likely wouldn't volunteer at another Tour event again unless it was on a grand scale.
Something she hopes to incorporate into her role as a leader at Pheasant Run is to have regular one-on-one meetings for 15 minutes each week with her maintenance staff. It's a strategy Arraya has adopted to help boost staff morale and get to know his staff better.
The PGA Championship experience was something that came about for Schwab because she decided to support Murphy when he spoke with Arraya at last winter's GIS.
While in San Antonio last February, Schwab hosted an event for women in the golf industry that attracted more than 80 people. Only women were invited to the inaugural event that is slated again for 2019 at the GIS in San Diego, Calif., but this time men will be invited to the session that follows a women-only cocktail hour. Restricting the entire event to only women last winter was done on purpose.
The goal of the event was to allow women in the industry a chance to meet one another and develop new friendships.
Schwab said she has no agenda regarding any type of a women's movement, adding the industry should be all-inclusive, no matter the person's gender or ethnicity.
Being pro-woman and anti-man is not the same thing, she said, adding she encourages women to want to enter into the golf industry.
Those who have visited Pheasant Run have told her that it is funny how different she really is in comparison to how some perceive her. Among her male-dominant peers, Schwab feels she is accepted "100 per cent" as a professional equal to them.


ZELNIKER-Arthur, 78. On July 26, 1998. Loving and beloved husband of Elaine. Devoted father of Mark and Ilene Zelniker and Jan and Jeffrey Scherr. Cherished grandfather of Lindsay, Jordan, Brian, Jeremy & Robert. Caring brother of Sheila and Sidney Hammer and Rhoda and Irving Spielvogel. Founder & President of Econoco Corporation, he was greatly admired & a giant in the store fixture industry. Former President of Fresh Meadow Country Club. He will be sorely missed by his many friends and family. Contributions may be made to the American Cancer Society, 400 Post Avenue, Suite 201, Westbury, New York 11590. Funeral services were held Tuesday, July 28, 1998.


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Home News After the Memphis Man is arrested, five police officers shoot him
After the Memphis Man is arrested, five police officers shoot him
written by admin January 22, 2023
Memphis, Tennessee (AP) — Five Memphis Police Department officers have been fired for excessive use of force, failure to intervene and failure to provide assistance after the arrest of a man who later died in hospital during a traffic stop, officials said Friday. .
The police chief said Tadarius Bain, Demetrius Haley, Emmett Martin III, Desmond Mills Jr. and Justin Smith were involved in the Jan. 7 arrest of 29-year-old Tire Nichols.
Authorities said the Memphis Police Department conducted an internal investigation into the arrest of Nichols, who died three days later. Disciplining followed the completion of the investigation.
The Memphis Police Public Information Officer stated that the five fired officers are black.
The US Department of Justice opened a civil rights investigation. The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation also reviews the force used during the arrest.
The Nichols family, along with protesters who stormed a police station and the National Civil Rights Museum, pressed for the release of police footage and demanded that the officers be charged.
Relatives accused the police of beating Nichols and giving him a heart attack. Authorities said Nichols had a medical emergency.
Police say Nichols was arrested after officers pulled him over for reckless driving. Authorities said there was a confrontation when officers approached the driver and he ran away before he was confronted again by pursuing officers, who arrested him. He complained of shortness of breath and was taken to hospital.
Officials said the cause of death has not yet been determined.
Relatives said that the arresting officers were in an unmarked car and that Nichols suffered cardiac arrest and kidney failure at the hands of the officers who beat him.
Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn "CJ" Davis and Mayor Jim Strickland said video footage of the arrest will be released once the police department's investigation is complete and available to families.
And city leaders are arranging a meeting early next week with the Nichols family, according to a joint statement from Strickland and Davis.
Attorneys Ben Crump and Antonio Romanucci, who represent the Nichols family, released a statement Friday saying they support the department's decision to fire the officers.
This is the first step towards justice for Tire and his family. They must also be held accountable for stealing the life of this man and his son from his father.
The attorneys said they "will continue to demand transparency and accountability" and plan to review the video footage to further clarify the circumstances that led to Nichols' death.
Curveball or a game changer? ChatGPT and AI tools are being monitored at Canadian universities
The FBI searched Biden's home, finding additional documents marked Confidential


The Provost Teaching and Learning Fellows program was jointly established by the Provost and the Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL) in Fall 2016. The aim of the program is to strengthen teaching and learning in the colleges through an embedded system of ongoing instructional support and special initiatives. Seventeen disciplinary faculty in the colleges were selected by their deans to partner with professionals in CTL, in order to promote environments where diverse learners can excel.
Provost Teaching and Learning Fellows serve a two year term and meet regularly throughout the academic year to engage in collegial discussion of topics related to teaching and learning at Georgia Tech. Together with their College cohorts, the Provost Teaching and Learning Fellows develop and pursue initiatives related to teaching and learning in their specific College. These initiatives are informed by discussions with key leaders in their college, and are intended to both raise the profile of teaching, and positively impact the overall learning environment.
All Provost Teaching and Learning Fellows receive an annual stipend and are expected to attend one teaching and learning conference during their two-year term.
Nominations and applications for the next cohort of Provost Teaching and Learning Fellows will be solicited during the Spring 2020 semester.


Do you love the look of old Tuscany, or the Italian Renaissance? These are styles you will find under "old world". Think of that Tuscan villa, or the old mansion by the sea, and you are imagining old world lighting.


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Entries from December 2009
CHARGE!!!
this morning, via a fellow patriot i know fairly well, i was introduced to liuetenant colonel allen west (usa, ret.). this amazing man is running for the u.s. house of representatives for the 22nd district of florida. as districts go it's not huge, but it does include a portion of west palm beach, palm beach gardens, boca raton and fort lauderdale.
in october, west was featured in a fox news article by kelly vlahos titled "black republicans say 2010 will be their year" noting that lt. col. west "is one of a small but determined group of black Republicans running for seats in the U.S. Senate or House of Representatives in 2010". sadly, i believe the author of the article is correct as she continues:
Eager to overturn the "conventional wisdom" that the GOP is mainly a white bread party that offers few opportunities for minorities, these black Republicans believe they can attract increasingly agitated conservatives, as well as independents, to make 2010 their year.
They also conceded in interviews that the injection of race -- a familiar theme since Obama's election last year -- has given them a certain edge and authority when they speak out against the president's agenda. Because they're black, they say, they can lead the charge against Democratic policies without being called "racist." In fact, they say, their skin color may make them more attractive candidates.
the story is the same across the country.
in colorado a councilman from aurora, ryan frazier, has begun his quest for a congressional seat for colorado's 7th district. he observes that his skin color will make it impossible for the democrats to use the racism as the reason he is speaking out against the president and his policies saying "I don't think they will be able to use that argument against me or engage in those tactics against me -- I certainly don't hate myself."
in texas, michael williams hopes to succeed retiring senator kay bailey hutchinson when she retires after the primaries in march 2010. mr. williams is a four-time texas railroad commissioner regulating the oil and gas industry for the state. mr. williams says, when describing what makes him who he is "Most lives have defining moments. For me, it was the period between 1967 and 1971. I learned I could compete, could succeed and had value." in the fox news article he said "Our folks are saying they want a reliable conservative -- that happens to be what's catching on with me," Williams told FOXNews.com. "It just happens to be an added plus, me being an African-American."
but back to colonel west. this is the second time he's running against democrat incumbent ron klein for the representation of florida's 22nd district. last time he took 45% of the vote in this florida swing district, this time he's aiming to take the majority. and with the help of jimmy carter and the rest of the race baiters in the democrat party, he just might have a chance.
this man is incredible. talk about motivation!! he says some things in this clip that resonate especially well with me:
"...it's ok to get out here and cheer lead, but you better get your butts out there and understand it's a fight and you better be willing to fight for this country. the united states of america was founded by the original insurgents. a bunch of farmers, a bunch of people, men and women dedicated and said to the british 'we're not living under your tyranny.' now we've got to come back and do it again. we're gonna take saul alinsky's 'rules for radicals' and we're gonna turn it on 'em and we're gonna drive it through 'em and we're gonna take this country back.
in speaking to the military among the crowd he said "let me tell you something - god bless you all. but listen, we took an oath and that oath said we would 'support and defend the constitution of the united states against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and to bear true faith and alliegance to the same.' there's so statute of limitations on that oath and tonight EVERY ONE of you needs to take that oath."
"this 2010 election is a defining moment for the united states of america. for the future and the legacy from which we go on."
"...'these are the times that try men's souls; when the summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis shrink from his duties.' if you're here to shrink away from your duties, there's the door. get out.
"...bayonettes. charge this enemy for your freedom, for you liberty for the future and the legacy of that young lady right there because i will not go down and tell my children that i did not have the courage, the conviction, the committment or the character to fight for this country."
now is the time that we need to act. now is the time for all of us to (in the words of my friend laura boatright) "GO OUT ON A LIMB....OUT OF *YOUR* "COMFORT ZONE"... IF WE DON'T 'SET BRUSHFIRES OF FREEDOM IN THE MINDS OF MEN'... WE ARE DEFEATED ALREADY! BE INDIGNANT BUT *PEACEFUL/NON-VIOLENT*... TELL OUR GOVERNMENT TO 'LET OUR PEOPLE GO!' "
who amongst you is with me?
Posted at 13:10 in conservatives fighting back, Current Affairs, diversity, highway to socialism | Permalink | Comments (8) | TrackBack (0)


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Psychology » Psychology Research
The best books on Identity and the Mind
recommended by Sebastian Seung
by Sebastian Seung
Neuroscientist Sebastian Seung introduces us to the concept of the connectome, the ever-changing map of connections between the brain's neurons that makes each of us who we are.
by Alexander Bain
Driving Mr Albert
by Michael Paterniti
The Emotion Machine
by Marvin Minsky
Portraits of the Mind
by Carl Schoonover
The World, the Flesh, and the Devil
by JD Bernal
1 Mind and Body by Alexander Bain
2 Driving Mr Albert by Michael Paterniti
3 The Emotion Machine by Marvin Minsky
4 Portraits of the Mind by Carl Schoonover
5 The World, the Flesh, and the Devil by JD Bernal
When did serious modern brain science begin?
Modern neuroscience really started at the end of the 19th century, when two things happened. One was that scientists divided the brain into a set of regions and assigned functions to each of those regions. For example, one area of the brain is important for language, or the back part of your brain in important for vision. That regional analysis of the brain has continued to the present day and has been enhanced by imaging technology like MRI [magnetic resonance imaging]. The problem is that although MRI can tell us where things happen, it can't tell us how things happen.
The second discovery of the 19th century was neurons. The argument I make in my book Connectome is that we have to understand each region as a network of a vast number of neurons in order to understand how things happen. We have to move beyond crude measures like the size of a region. What we need to look at instead is the organisation and connections of the neurons into a network.
Can you explain what that recently coined word, "connectome", means.
Connectome is a map of the brain as a network of neurons. You can imagine it as being a bit like the back pages of those airline magazines where you see maps of flight paths. What you need to imagine is that every city is a neuron, and every flight between cities is a connection. Except in our brains we would need to start with a hundred billion cities and thousands of flights per city. So it is a huge map.
And why are those connections so important, as opposed to the neurons themselves?
Both are important, and we need to know what a single neuron does. But to understand how neurons work together we need to map out the network. One reason that the connectome is important is that our experiences change it. Sometimes the term "wiring diagram" is used instead of connectome to compare the brain to an electronic device. But that is a misleading metaphor, because the wiring of electronic devices is fixed whereas your connectome changes over time. It turns out that every experience changes the connectome, and it is hypothesised that this is how we can store memory. Our memories are encoded in our unique connectomes.
Your book choices look at where some of these theories came from. First up is Mind and Body by the Scottish philosopher Alexander Bain.
This is an obscure reference that most neuroscientists or philosophers will not be familiar with. But it is historically a very important book because Bain is probably the first connectionist. By that I mean the doctrine of connectionism that you have been alluding to, which is that the connections of the brain are extremely important for its functioning. As far as I can tell, he was the first person to propose that you learn things when your connections change. It's amazing that he proposed that [in 1872], even before neurons were really discovered. He also came up with the first theory of neurocoding, or how the activity of neurons encodes your perceptions or thoughts.
"There is a long tradition of studying the brains of geniuses, especially in the 19th century."
He said that there are two ways to do this. One is the idea that out of a huge number of neurons there are some subsets that are active at any given point in time, and that these subsets are a kind of code. Then he proposed that the active neurons might be more or less active, so that is an additional way in which information is encoded. It's a principle which is still used today.
That's quite amazing considering that he was writing 140 years ago.
Yes, and he came up with these ideas purely by thinking about it. He's on the boundary line between two ideas. Connectionism is the successor to associationism. Associationism is the doctrine that enables us to understand all psychology – it's the idea of association between ideas. People like the philosopher John Locke were associationist philosophers. Connectionism can be viewed as assigning material sub-streams to associations. Somehow, the associations between ideas are represented by the connections between neurons. And Bain was the first person to express that idea.
Next you have chosen a very different kind of book, about one of the greatest brains of them all. Driving Mr Albert is an extraordinary story about what happened to Einstein's brain after he died.
This is a fun book by a journalist, describing his adventures driving across America with pieces of Einstein's brain in the trunk of his car. Einstein's brain was stolen after he died by Thomas Harvey, the pathologist who performed the autopsy and then absconded with the brain. There is a long tradition of studying the brains of geniuses, especially in the 19th century. Of course it was natural, because neuroscientists wanted to figure out what was different about the brain of a genius.
Did they find anything?
The obvious thing they studied first in the 19th century was brain size. They wondered if geniuses had larger brains in the same way that athletes are brawnier. But there is the famous case of Anatole France and Ivan Turgenev, which I discuss in my book. Turgenev's brain weighed two kilograms and Anatole France's brain weighed one kilogram, which are both within the normal range of human brain sizes. My joke is that although they are both great writers, Anatole France is the one who got the Nobel Prize.
Presumably from your point of view, it's more about how they use the connections than the size of their brain?
That's right. We need to look at more refined measures than size, such as the organisation of neurons. Maybe the variance between different kinds of intelligence has to do with the way our brains are wired. But that's just a hypothesis.
To come back to the mystery of Einstein's brain – it went missing, but when did it resurface?
Thomas Harvey had the ambition of discovering what was different about Einstein's brain, but he didn't have the scientific capability to try and do it himself, so for years he tried to find partners to study it with him. Some papers have come out, but there is nothing conclusive. There's one theory about the parietal lobe, which is the part of the brain that's important for spatial reasoning. That area was enlarged in Einstein, and so may explain why he was so good at that type of thing. Ultimately I reject such explanations as overly simplistic. It's a great story, though, and there's a wonderful documentary movie about a Japanese professor's quest to find Einstein's brain.
Moving onto a different aspect of the brain, how does Marvin Minsky in The Emotion Machine think that we can pin down the true identity of the mind?
Marvin Minsky is famous as one of the fathers of artificial intelligence. The Emotion Machine is a summation of his lifetime of thinking about how the brain works. It is written somewhat as a computer scientist but also as a philosopher and psychologist. He's a brilliant thinker and a brilliant writer. Most people will not know that he actually started out as a neuroscientist. But he gave up on neuroscience, deciding that if he wanted to understand intelligence in his lifetime he had better not study the brain but try to construct it [in computer models].
This follows up on his previous book, The Society of Mind, in which he updates Freud. Freud thought that we can divide the mind into three parts – the id, the ego and the super ego. Minsky argues that we need many more divisions, maybe hundreds. He thinks about the mind as being the society of these hundreds of regions. And this book continues on that theme. But of course, what we're interested in in neuroscience is not hundreds of regions but billions of neurons. The question is how we can bridge the gap between those two, and he addresses that question a little bit at the end.
Aside from identifying different regions of the brain, is there scope for alternative models about who we are, besides what the brain makes us? Many millions of people believe we have a soul, for instance.
Neuroscience is driven by the hypothesis that we don't need the soul to explain the mind. We don't know if that hypothesis is true, but it is the working assumption of all neuroscientists. Ultimately, we can understand the mind as the functioning of material processes. That is the idea of materialism. It's all physical processes. Or there is the idea of mechanism, that we are nothing more than very complicated machines and our parts are made out of neurons or molecules. I pretty much restrict myself to discussing neuroscience, except in the last chapter of my book when I discuss the possibility of uploading.
Uploading is the idea that I can transfer my mind to a computer, and then live happily ever after as a computer simulation.
That's an exciting thought for some, and truly terrifying for others I'm sure.
Not even terrifying, but for most people just strange! It's one of the possible routes to immortality that people are thinking about. I call this idea the most contemporary idea of heaven. In some religions, heaven is a place where our souls go after we die. Maybe it's a pleasant park or something, but we are freed from our bodily existence and our minds somehow waft about – although in some traditions it's not clear whether it is a purely spiritual existence or some form of reincarnation.
The idea of uploading is that you are transferred from your body to a more ethereal form of existence, a simulation of electrical signals in a computer. I think about it as the modern nerd's idea of heaven. Some people are afraid of uploading because they think of it as being like a brain in a vat – someone being locked up and unable to move around. But that's limited thinking. Any society that was advanced enough to simulate a brain ought to be advanced enough to simulate the world around the brain. In fact, you could make that world much better than the world which we live in. You could also re-programme yourself to get rid of all of your bad habits and limitations. In that respect you can be a better version of yourself, which is why it's like heaven. I want to emphasise that these are all fun dreams, but the real question is whether it can ever be possible.
Is there a debate over whether it would be ethical?
There are so many interesting philosophical and ethical implications to uploading, but I don't see it happening in the near future so I don't worry about them. I am more focused on how we can improve our brains, rather than how we can escape them.
explores the history of the mind through images.
This is a picture book of the brain. In the history of neuroscience, we have certainly struggled with our understanding of the brain. One limitation has been our inability to actually see what the structure of the brain is and see how it works. That has been answered by ever more sophisticated technologies for taking pictures of the brain. Finding connectomes relies upon the most powerful microscope you can imagine, and the power to analyse those images. I describe that in my book, but my book is mainly words. If you want to see the images of the brain which have been so important for science, Portraits of the Mind is a wonderful resource.
Finally tell us about your last choice, The World, the Flesh, and the Devil.
JD Bernal was an Irish crystallographer who wrote this book in 1929. He was contemporaries with people like Aldous Huxley, who wrote Brave New World at around the same time. Clearly biology had progressed to a point where people were thinking about the future of human society, and how it could be affected by biology and biotechnology. Bernal wrote this book to talk about human history.
He painted his ideas with a broad brush, arguing that humanity had three struggles to understand and control: The world, the flesh and the devil. By the world he means the physical world – advances in technology like electricity which involved the knowledge of physics and applications of engineering. The flesh was biology and biotechnology – the ability to understand how life processes work and to control them. And the final challenge, which he called the devil, was to understand and improve our own minds. The devil was the weakness of our minds.
What are your views around free will and the brain? Do we actually have control over our actions, or is it just neurons firing?
You can argue this question from an extremely philosophical point of view about the implications of physics. A physicist might say that the universe is like a huge assembly of billiard balls all bouncing off each other, representing atoms. Everything is determined by the equations which govern those billiard balls. Therefore, free will is an illusion because everything is determined. I think that is an interesting philosophical debate, but it may be a bit distant from the level at which our minds work.
The other notion of free will versus determinism comes from our inability to change ourselves. For example I might smoke cigarettes and want to quit smoking, but I just can't do it. In principle we know it's possible to quit, but sometimes it seems almost impossible to change ourselves even if we want to. That is the level where people want neuroscience to have an impact. We know the old-fashioned ways of changing ourselves – the question is whether there are new technologies on the horizon which will enable us to make the changes that we want.
Sebastian Seung
Sebastian Seung is Professor of Computational Neuroscience at MIT, and the author of Connectome: How the Brain's Wiring Makes Us Who We Are. He has made important advances in robotics, neuroscience, neuroeconomics and statistical physics. His research has been published in leading scientific journals, and has featured in articles in The New York Times, Technology Review and The Economist
Dick Passingham on Cognitive Neuroscience Books
Bryony Gordon on Depression Books
Marc Wittmann on Time and the Mind Books
Charles Fernyhough on Streams of Consciousness Books
Suzanne O'Sullivan on Psychosomatic Illness Books
Matthew Green on Psychological Trauma Books
Morten Kringelbach on Emotion and the Brain Books
David Carmel on Consciousness for Beginners: the best book, articles and one movie
Daniel L. Everett on Language and Thought Books
Sheldon Solomon on Fear of Death Books
Susan Blackmore on Consciousness Books
Simon Baron-Cohen on Empathy Books
Sebastian Seung on Identity and the Mind Books
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore on Mind and The Brain Books
Books by Sebastian Seung


Passionate gamer behind the incredibly popular YouTube channel LaSabriGamer. She has become widely known both for her viral vlogs and for her Let's Plays of everything from Life is Strange to Pokemon Go.
In April 2014, she opened her YouTube channel with the video simply titled "VLOG #1."
Though she does often post gameplay to her YouTube channel, she also streams on her LaSabriGamer Twitch channel.
Her boyfriend is the insanely popular YouTube gamer Sascha Burci.
She has posted photos to Instagram with stars like Stefano Lepri and Salvatore Cinquegrana.


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Driven to cheat: Students say pressure to…
Driven to cheat: Students say pressure to achieve is intense
When Anne Sinek started interviewing Harvard applicants 15 years ago, the school received around 100 applications from north Orange County each year. That number has quadrupled, she said.
By Jessica Terrell | Orange County Register
Even one B would spell the end of an eight-year dream.
That fear drove Marina Elmore, a straight-A student who set her sights on Stanford University in the third grade, to concoct a plan for cheating in her calculus class at Huntington Beach High School with a hidden study sheet.
"The pressure is so much you would do absolutely anything to get an A'," Elmore said. "Small quizzes don't make or break your grade, but it's the easiest way to cheat because it's padding."
The intense competition for admission to a top-tier college can drive students like Elmore, who ultimately stuffed the notes back into her bag without using them, to phenomenal levels of achievement.
But teens and school administrators say that pressure also pushes students – like those recently accused in an elaborate grade-changing scheme at Corona del Mar High School – into crossing ethical lines.
Students and administrators describe an intensely stressful atmosphere at top Orange County high schools, with students loading up on advanced classes, applying to more than a dozen colleges and studying until 2 a.m. nightly.
Cheating, many students say, is commonplace among their peers.
"It's probably pressure," said Colin Jindra, a junior at Tesoro High School. "When you end up with no more options and you have to get a grade, if there's only one thing left, you do it."
COLLEGE PRESSURE
College prep schools have always been challenging, said Eric Stroupe, head of administration and faculty at JSerra Catholic High School in San Juan Capistrano. But teens at today's best high schools are expected to do more than ever to stand out for universities like Harvard, where the acceptance rate last year was 5.79 percent.
At Stanford, admission rates plummeted from 12.1 percent in 2003 to 5.7 in 2013. UC Irvine dropped from to 56.6 in 2002 to 41.1 in fall 2013. And even Cal State Fullerton's acceptance rate dropped from 65.9 percent in 2002-03 to 48.1 in 2012-13.
"There's a sheer volume of academic work expected that is greater than it was in times past," Stroupe said. "And kids are going to look for an easy way to get that done."
Students at private schools are expected to take more classes each semester, Stroupe said. Students at all competitive schools, public and private, are stacking up multiple Advanced Placement classes each semester.
Oxford Academy, which posted the best high school test scores in the county last year, offered AP classes in nine subjects in 2012-13. Fountain Valley High offers 21 AP subjects; Tesoro High School and Troy High School held AP classes in 19 subjects.
"We are at a point in society where a good GPA and courses aren't an addition to a resume, they are an expectation," said Saksham Jain, senior and ASB president at Oxford Academy in Cypress. "That's putting a lot of pressure on kids."
Taking classes at community colleges over the summer, working with tutors, enrolling in multiple clubs, staying late on campus and volunteering with multiple organizations to round out résumés is the norm, students and parents say.
"You can't just be a member of Key Club, you have to be president," said Maureen Christensen, president of the Fourth District PTA. "You kind of have to embellish your résumé to make it look like you are a star player."
Failure to stay on track with homework or keep organized can be a disaster.
"You just get really tired and desperate," Oxford junior Aayush Patel said.
Adding to the problem is the sheer number of colleges that students are encouraged to apply to, which drives up competition. Students often are advised to apply to three safe schools, three match schools and three reach schools. Some students apply to 14, 18 or more.
"It's hard," said Oxford senior Aria Trejo, who applied to 15 universities. "But how are you going to set yourself apart for colleges? You have to prove yourself."
When Harvard alumna Anne Sinek began interviewing applicants for the university from north Orange County 15 years ago, Harvard received about 100 applications a year here. That number has quadrupled, she said.
"Everything is ratcheted up," Sinek said. "The pressures are unrelenting, and I think the pressures on parents are unrelenting, too. How do I help my child get ahead?"
Jain gained early admission to Harvard, but only after embarking on such a full academic and extracurricular load junior year that it had physical ramifications.
"I started getting migraines and stuff," Jain said. "I almost thought I was going to burn out before I even got to college."
It's rare to see average, or "C" students cheating, explained Teresa Fishman, director of the International Center for Academic Integrity. The students most likely to cut corners are those at the very bottom and top of a class.
"One of the things that makes students cheat is when they feel they don't have the ability to get what they want legitimately," Fishman said.
Students and recent graduates at more than a half-dozen schools in Orange County say cheating is a familiar occurrence. It is also a frequent topic students raise during Harvard interviews, Sinek said.
"Everyone I talk to is telling me, "I don't do it but everyone around me does,' " Sinek said. "They are trying to set themselves apart by saying, 'It's so much harder for me to do what I'm doing because everyone around me is cheating.' "
Corona del Mar's cheating case is the latest high-profile incident in Orange County.
Last year, two JSerra students were accused of pilfering a copy of a final exam and sharing it with other students. In 2008, two students at Tesoro High School hacked into the school computer system to change grades. This August, state officials released the names of 16 O.C. schools where students posted on social media during state testing.
Perceptions on the prevalence of cheating vary wildly among parents and administrators. Some argue that only a small number of students cheat and that the propensity to do so hasn't changed.
"There are just some children who push the buttons and try to get away with stuff," said Tesoro PTSA President Becky Wilkinson.
But cheating is common, according to students and recent graduates.
Some methods are old school – writing out essays in advance for tests and copying the essays in class, sharing what to expect from a teacher or test with students in later classes.
But some also tell the Register they cut corners with the help of newer technologies, like private Facebook groups where students can share study guides, test questions and screen shots of writing prompts.
At one top Orange County school, a half-dozen students said they typically know at least two to three questions on every test before walking in the door.
"The people I knew who were cheating were the least lazy people," Elmore said. "But you have so much on your plate in junior and senior year, you just don't have enough time."
CRACKING DOWN
With technology making cheating easier than ever, schools are looking for new ways to combat the culture of cheating. For many schools, that means investing in technology like turnitin.com, a website that flags student work for possible plagiarism.
At Tesoro High School, the PTSA raised more than $4,000 this year to pay for access to the website. Oxford also relies heavily on the website and spells out its cheating policy during orientation every year, said Ron Hoshi, assistant principal at Oxford.
At Huntington Beach High School, students caught cheating are disqualified from the academic recognition program.
It was a punishment that Marina Elmore, now a freshman at Stanford, took into account when she considered cheating on that calculus test. But what ultimately dissuaded her from cheating, she said, was her own sense of ethics.
And that's what many schools are hoping will sway students: imparting a sense of personal integrity.
Servite, one of the top Catholic prep schools in Orange County, discourages cheating through moral education, helped by maintaining a small community where students are encouraged to hold each other accountable. The Associated Student Body at JSerra is crafting a new honor code this semester.
Stroupe said schools need to teach kids to refocus their goals.
"If people looked at the whole educational endeavor less in terms of the end product of getting into a great university," Stroupe said, "and put more on the focus of using this time to develop your mind, then the pressure to take 35 classes as a high school student and be involved in 15 activities and cheat your way to the top I think would definitely go down."
But when society pushes students so hard to be successful, and college admissions are on the table, it's a challenge for schools to teach students that it's better to earn a "C" legitimately than to cheat, said Olga Hofreiter, Servite's assistant principal of academic affairs.
"It's tough to hold our students to that standard," Hofreiter said, "when perhaps society in general is telling them, 'No, it's OK as long as you get a good score on the test, it's fine.' "
Contact the writer: 714-796-7767 or jterrell@ocregister.com
Jessica Terrell
Seal Beach runoff elections are coming to an end this week


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CRS podcast ep 8: Questions from the audience
Earlier this year CRS held their first-ever event looking to break the mould of tradition by directing the day away from standard subjects (Brexit, GDPR, wider economic issues) and confronting contemporary topics challenging the industry.
The most anticipated session of the day was the 'The Biggest Question' panel discussion. We invited a group of first-class industry experts to tackle some of the toughest questions facing this sector in the digital age.
In this final episode from 'The Big Questions' session, we fielded queries from the live industry audience and challenged our panellists with their questions. From dealing with vulnerable customers to offering each of their number one top tips in their tactical tool bag, this session had it all. And yes you've guessed it we've recorded it and uploaded it to The CRS Podcast, as well as typing up the transcripts for your reading pleasure below.
But before we get into the transcripts let's introduce our first-class line up of panellists:
Gary Grey (GG) Head of Collections at Spark Energy
With a senior management background, Gary's experience includes Senior Strategy Consultant in different utility businesses in the UK including e.on, First and now Spark. Further to this, Gary spent over 5 years at Dollar Financial Group enhancing and honing his strategic skills.
Caroline Burston (CB) Operations Director at CRS
Caroline has worked in the Debt Collection industry since 1993 and gained extensive experience at several collection agencies and solicitors' practices. Caroline is a well-known industry figure and brings extensive compliance experience and knowledge to CRS and is also a member of the prestigious Credit 500.
Tony Gunderson (TG) 30 years + experience in financial services
Tony has worked in the Financial Services Sector for the past 30 years at NatWest, Provident Financial Group and latterly as Director/Country Manager for Ferratum Group's UK operation.
Lisa Beeching (LB) Head of Supplier Management and Quality Assurance at 1st Central
Lisa is currently Head of Supplier Management and Quality assurance at 1st Central Insurance and Technology managing key supplier relationships across 45 suppliers spanning all operational areas from sales through to claims.
James Squires (JS) Business Development Director at CRS
Roving Reporter:
Ben Calvert (BC) Commercial Director at CRS
Interested in our services? to book a digital, self-isolation friendly, meeting.
Please enjoy!
JS: "Ben over to you"
BC: "Yes, we've got a few questions. We're all wondering whether those stools look as uncomfortable as they look?" (audience laughs)
Collective Guest Panel Reply: (sarcastic) "They do!"
BC: "It was quite interesting there Gary that you touched on tracing because it hasn't been mentioned too much."
"We've got a question from Danny here that asks: 'Has technology bypassed this element of recovery because it used to be big 10-15 years ago, in terms of contacting people and making sure they had the right addresses and then going after them', do you think that using emails and mobile phone numbers that people don't necessarily change, has kind of bypassed that speciality?"
GG: "I think it depends on your customer population. Within Spark Energy, you have a really transient population of customers moving from property to the next in a very short period of time."
"I suppose the question I would ask back to Danny is: you know what, if you've exhausted your text message and emails what is it that you do have left? That's when the trace element comes into it but as the first port of call contact details would be first and then you'd move onto trace and collect afterwards."
BC: "Same question to Caroline?"
CB: "I think it varies by sector, obviously in the utility sector as Gary just said people move about and move about deliberately. Online lending, an online route to market people tend not to change their email addresses, so wherever they are moving to they're taking those email addresses with them because they've got them linked to their twitter, their Instagram and all their other digital platforms."
BC: "Thank you, before we move to some 'vulnerable' questions because there's been a few of them fired in. We have a question from Jane Shaw, she asks: 'Do you think it's now more likely for won't pays to contact us now and throw in buzz words to try and avoid payment? It may be a cynical view but I'm sure we'll have an answer to that.
LB: "Absolutely I think there is an awful lot of messaging, there tends to be more on the text messages and the short sweet type emails that allow us to judge them as not particularly vulnerable but we'll still have a look where it's a very short sentence with the word stressed thrown it three times. Absolutely, it's you're stressing me out because you've sent me a text message. That would be your response. Absolutely I agree."
GG: "I think while I worked in financial services and we look at things like the ability to pay and obviously we had quite a strong FCA focus, you'd probably see key words be mentioned more often."
"Whilst in utilities we've got an FCA type focus moving across to the utility sector where they're starting to talk about the ability to pay. So, I'm expecting a similar outcome as a result, unfortunately."
BC: "I think some of Paul's presentation this afternoon covers some of the aspects of that, so we'll look forward to that one."
"Going back to the vulnerable customer questions, some of the audience are looking for some actual practical advice on dealing with customers. So, if anyone could share any tactics you use rather than an overall strategy."
TG: "I think it's what type of vulnerability we're talking about. So, if its financial distress then that should be reasonably straight forward to check and even more so going forward with the likes of open banking. Obviously you can use bureau information at the moment."
"I think in terms of some of the other types of vulnerability, health again is another thing depending on the health problem which can be validated to some extent, you've got to do it sensitively, but you still can validate it."
"Your more problematic areas are mental health issues, where you've probably just got to make judgement calls based on the history of the account, your ability to speak to that person or whether they're going to put you on to somebody else who's going to explain what that person's problem is. So, one of the tactics you may use is actively asking permission to speak to somebody else, a friend, a family member etc."
"In other cases, there are different types of information that can be validated and I would encourage people where it's appropriate to validate what people are saying, because straight away that gives them the choice to be able to either do that or back off and say well I haven't lost my job so I can't use that now because you've asked me to prove that."
"I think that's always been the case, to be honest. I think in reality now it's just been given a different label and the regulator sort of expecting a little more due diligence from you as an individual company."
"So, I don't think a great deal changed but except maybe how you go about it and that you do it in a proper way."
GG: "I agree completely and what I'd add is if you have a customer that has a vulnerability after a certain period of time go back to that customer and see whether their circumstances have changed. Make sure you don't exacerbate a pre-existing issue obviously, be careful what you say and do, but don't think that you can't go back to that customer in 'X' period and not have another conversation with them to ask are you in work now?"
BC: "One of the other questions asks about 'how CRS apply breathing space and payment breaks?' So, following on from Gary, how does that lead into a practical strategy for CRS, how do CRS do that Caroline?
CB: "So we apply our 'four beds', we have our own area where all the customers who have the financial breathing space or non-financial breathing space, we'll actually ring-fence them outside of the main collections process."
"We have a whole series of systems and platforms that allows us to communicate with the customer or with the customer's appointed third party, or with the debt management company that links right from whether the customer tells us over the telephone or tells us this via the website or whatever platform. We'll acknowledge we're dealing with them and deal straight with the appointed parties."
"We have a process that once the account has come off breathing space will fall into a specialist team, that will look after those customers rather than go 'right here's your 35 days' and bang straight back into collections. So, it's all ring-fenced and dealt with separately."
BC: "Great, one of the first questions that came in and I think it's a good one, I'm going to cut it down from instead of the three most important factors to having a good strong compliant collections performance. Maybe you could all just give us your number one top tip?"
TG: "I would say people have got to be well trained and know the guidelines they're working to. That encompasses a lot, it's key! If you haven't got well-trained staff then they're going to make mistakes and are going to get you in trouble."
GG: "I agree and on top of that I'd probably add reporting and oversight. Having a good view of your customer base, understand where your key areas are and proactively managing those customers."
LB: "From an outsourced point of view it's the partnership, making sure what creates that debt, making sure you can have those meaningful conversations, and that we've got a relationship that's close enough and can ask: is this collections strategy working? Is it not? It's about keeping that partnership alive and fresh."
BC: "I think that's it, thank you!"
CB: "Can we get down now?"
JS: "Yes, it's a really top job that and thank you so much for all of the panel, it's been really great."
Final Words from CRS:
Thanks for taking the time to either listen to our podcast and/or read through this post. Check back with us soon as we're looking to release further podcast content answering 'The Biggest Questions' in Collections.
To go back and listen to more of 'The Big Questions' series to visit The CRS Podcast SoundCloud page


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by Nicholas Paul | August 24, 2016 · 6:46 pm
Fordham History Alum Darryl E. Brock Appointed Assistant Professor at CUNY's Borough of Manhattan Community College
Fordham History PhD Darryl Brock
Fordham History Ph.D. graduate Darryl E. Brock (2014) has been appointed an Assistant Professor of Latino Studies starting fall semester 2016 at CUNY's Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC). He will work in the Center for Ethnic Studies, a program that focus on Latino, African-American and Asian studies. At Fordham his primary advisor was the late Dr. Christopher Schmidt-Nowara with his dissertation committee also containing Drs. Hector Lindo-Fuentes and Asif Siddiqi. Darryl's dissertation is under contract with the University of Alabama Press for publication in 2017 as Botanical Monroe Doctrine and American Empire: The Scientific Survey of Puerto Rico. At BMCC he looks forward to working with study abroad programs and undergraduate research, including expansion of his research program to look at how Puerto Ricans mediated U.S. colonial science into broader Latin America.
Since graduating from Fordham, Darryl has received the Taiwan Fellowship which entailed his spending five months last year researching under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Taiwan's public diplomacy in Latin America. That work led to publications in Eurasia News and the Taiwan Review. Since then, he has received a Fulbright Scholar Award to teach at the National University of Singapore (NUS) during Spring Semester of 2017. As an NUS Senior Visiting Fellow, Darryl will teach two courses of his creation, "Science, Technology and Imperialism in Global History," and "May Fourth to Mao: Science in Modern China." The latter course, in large part, will be based on his co-edited work Mr. Science and Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution (Lexington, 2013).
Many congratulations Darryl, we are all very proud of you!
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by Nicholas Paul | · 6:02 pm
Summer Postcard: Finding English Marshland in Los Angeles
Seventeenth Century Judgment of the Jurors of Romney Marsh Concerning the Sale of Soil for Sea-Wall
Huntington Library Battle Abbey Collections 56 A
Photograph by Tobias Hrynick
Our latest postcard comes courtesy of PhD student Tobias Hrynick:
This July, I was able to attend the Mellon Summer Institute in English Paleography at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California. The Institute consisted of a month of afternoon course-work on reading early modern handwriting, lead by Dr. Heather Wolfe, of the Folger Library. In the mornings, I was able to explore the Huntington's extensive collection of manorial records of Battle Abbey, a Benedictine foundation in Sussex. The research opportunities and training provided by the Institute have contributed to my ongoing research project on the drainage and agricultural exploitation of south-eastern English marshes, since the Battle Abbey collection at the Huntington contains extensive documentation of Battle's lands on Pevensey Marsh with occasional reference to other marshes in the region, and because an understanding of early modern hands is a key tool in unraveling the early modern scholarship through which our understanding of medieval marshes has been mediated.
Texts from Battle Abbey reveal a number of peculiar features of wetland charters. Notable is the occasional use of the slightly larger Flemish acre to measure wetland holdings, suggestive of influence from the Low Countries in medieval English wetland exploitation. Also interesting is the careful attention given to responsibilities toward marsh drainage when wetlands were being transferred – one gift of marsh to Battle Abbey specified not only that it would be the monks who were responsible for maintaining the drainage ditch on the edge of the property, but even onto which side of the ditch they were to cast dirt when they dredged it.
Munger Research Center, Huntington Library
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Summer Postcard: Chris Dietrich's Hunt for Sovereignty in the Library of Congress
Secretary of State Robert Lansing (far left) in Washington, D.C., no date (between 1916 and 1918), Harris & Ewing Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Greetings from the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.! I am here doing research in the Robert Lansing and Charles Evan Hughes papers. Lansing was Secretary of State for Woodrow Wilson during the Paris negotiations for the peace treaty to World War I. In his papers, I am looking at the correspondence relating to the founding of the League of Nations and the ideas of sovereignty and self-determination for oppressed peoples in Central Europe and, to a lesser extent, the former Ottoman Empire. Hughes was Secretary of State from 1921 to 1925. In his papers, I am examining what was known as "The Mandates Controversy," which was essentially a debate in the United States about the secret treaties between the British and French governments, both during and after the war, to divide up the rich oil-producing areas of the Middle East. How would the League of Nations monitor the "trustee powers" of Britain and France, as they ostensibly managed the Mandates of Mesopotamia and Syria for their own benefit? What would be the role of the United States, which had not joined the League of Nations but still maintained its right, as a participant in the Allied victory in the war, to representation in the Mandates? How would the trustee powers respond to American entreaties to open up their economies to American, in particular Standard Oil, investment? I am finding a lot of interesting information and, as a nice surprise, also found an old friend, who has just accepted a job at King's College in London, in the Reading Room.
In the evenings, I am taking my 7-year-old son around the Capitol Hill area and giving him contemporary civic lessons. "Look, son, there's Congress. That's where petty lawmakers have tried to gut education spending and prevent major social welfare advances for our most disadvantaged citizens," and that sort of thing. I hope everyone is having an equally fantastic summer!
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Tagged as Chris Dietrich, International Relations, Library of Congress, Mandates, Sovereignty, US History
Summer Postcards: Our Camino
History PhD students Louisa Foroughi (left) and Rachel Podd help to lead the Annual Fordham Camino de Santiago trip
Fordham History graduate students Louisa Foroughi and Rachel Podd were delighted to serve as chaperones accompanying the Camino study tour led by Fordham History Professor David Myers and Dr. Alex Egler of Fordham's Religious Education Program. The Camino de Santiago is a medieval pilgrimage route dating back to approximately the ninth century, when the body of St. James was discovered near the sea by a monk led there by divine inspiration. Almost immediately, pilgrims flocked to the shrine of the saint, and over the course of the high and late middle ages men and women, nobles and paupers, kings and queens traveled routes all the way from England, Paris, Northern Africa, Constantinople, and Rome. Today the most famous route begins in St. Jean-Pied-de-Port, at the border between France and Spain, and cuts through the Pyrenees, across the flatlands of Castille and Leon, and into mountainous Galicia, to the Cathedral of St. James in Santiago de Compostela. The Fordham Camino program begins in Leon, halfway through this route, and lasts two weeks, from mid-May to early June, during which time 23 students walked 311 km together with their fearless leaders. Rachel and Louisa had an amazing time walking the road, instructing students in the finer details of medieval art and history, and bandaging blisters. Particular highlights include the 12th century Romanesque church in Rabanal, the fog over the mountains just past the Cruz de Ferro, and unbelievable pulpo in Melide. To learn more about this year's Camino tour, see the course blog at Mapping the Camino. Buen Camino!
The whole Fordham Camino team arrive in Santiago de Compostela
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by Nicholas Paul | August 7, 2016 · 1:07 pm
Summer Postcard: The Medievalist's "Grand Tour"
Eastbridge Pilgrim Hospital, Canterbury
The next postcard in our series about the summer wanderings and adventures of Fordham historians sees PhD candidate Lucy Barnhouse undertake a medievalist's version of the Grand Tour, presenting papers at the International Medieval Congress in Leeds, at Canterbury, and in Paris. Lucy reports:
"Leeds felt like something of a marathon on its own, and I was glad of the company of fellow Fordhamites Esther Cuenca and Louisa Foroughi. From our shared apartment we struck out for long but productive days of conferencing. Besides specialized panels galore, we got to enjoy medieval-inspired street food. It made good fortification for a series of panels on the social identities of medieval lepers.
Eastridge Pilgrim Hospital (interior)
From Leeds, I went directly to Canterbury, where the conference of the Society for the Social History of Medicine was hosted. The conference organizers gave us the chance to tour local sites of interest. Having predictably chosen to visit the pilgrim hospital of Eastbridge, I and some other medievalists proceeded on a self-guided tour of more of Canterbury's historical architecture. After the conference—at which I presented alongside historians of the antebellum American South and twentieth-century England on the shared theme of hospitals in urban communities—I hiked out to Harbledown to see the twelfth-century leper hospital.
The last stop on the Grand Tour was Paris, where I attended my first meeting of the Society for the History of Authorship, Reading, and Publishing. I got to spend time with Alisa Beer, to meet new scholars, and to hear many interesting papers. Conference delegates also got free admission to the exhibits at the Bibliothèque Nationale, where we were hosted. Paris being Paris, I also consumed a truly alarming quantity of delicious pastries, and the conference wine-and-cheese reception was a gastronomic tour-de-force. Arguably more important was the fact that I got lots of encouragement to develop the paper I presented for a possible postdoc project. Now it's back to the considerably less glamorous work of editing the dissertation!"
Thanks Lucy! And to all those Fordham historians on their summer adventures: keep those postcards coming!
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Judgment and decision broadly refers to the function of consciousness to make a judgment and a decision. Judgment can be defined as the act of selecting a category from a group of categories. Decision can be also defined as the act of selecting an alternative from a group of alternatives. Human judgment and decision are usually made under uncertainty in which there are multiple possible future states of nature. A number of different types of uncertainty in judgment and decision are broadly categorized into three groups, based on the characteristics of the knowledge of the environment, i.e. how much the people know about their surrounding environment. The first is risk, which refers to a condition that occurs with known probability as the result of selecting a category or an alternative. The second is ambiguity, which refers to a state in which, although the possible states of nature that will occur are known, the probabilities of the condition and results to occur are unknown. The third is ignorance, which indicates a states in which the range of alternatives, possible states, and the range of results are not clearly known. Such cases of judgment and decision under ignorance occur frequently in the actual society.
The aim of this Research Topic is to draw together multiple perspectives on judgment and decision making under uncertainty, to highlight important theoretical and empirical insights, and to identify key priorities of new research area. This Research Topic stands at the intersection of psychology, behavioral economics, management science, risk research, and engineering. We welcome original research articles, reviews, theory articles and methodological articles. Experimental and theoretical contributions are also welcomed.
Some possible topics could include the following. JUDGMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY: measurement method of risk perception, empirical research on risk perception in social lives, measurement method of ambiguity, empirical research on judgment of ambiguity, measurement method of ignorance, and judgment heuristics under uncertainty. DECISION UNDER UNCERTAITYTY: measurement method of decision under risk, empirical research on decision under risk, measurement method of decision under ambiguity, empirical research on decision under ambiguity, measurement method of decision under ignorance, empirical research on decision under ignorance, theory and measurement of probability weighting function or decision weight function, mathematical modelling of decision under uncertainty, process tracing experiment of decision under uncertainty, and neuroscience research on decision under risk, ambiguity, and ignorance.


As a Shift Supervisor, you have unique abilities and expertise, and your cover letter should showcase this. You should include a powerful cover letter with every application and be sure it is tailored to the industry and specific position. Check out our free shift supervisor cover letter templates to get started; samples are available below. Use the included tips to understand exactly how to craft a powerful cover letter today.
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I am applying for the position of Shift Supervisor, in which my combination of on-the-job training and manufacturing experience will add value to your operations. You will quickly benefit from my strong production background, which includes a Manufacturing Technology degree, coupled with experience in leading teams in high-volume operations.My 15 years' experience in manufacturing and production environments has enabled me to overcome all types of challenges, and I know how to tackle both daily needs and surprising obstacles with my resourcefulness and adaptability. I have a history as a dedicated problem solver who can meet production goals while ensuring high-quality, efficient operations.As a dedicated, passionate leader who cultivates and leads high-performance teams, I am confident I can be a strong asset to your company. I work alongside my team to properly allocate inventory and staff resources, resolve production defect issues, and consistently meet team objectives. I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to meet with you. I thank you for considering me for this position and look forward to meeting with you.


This data set contains name of all U.S. hospitals registered with Medicare. Each record contains official name of the hospital, full address, phone number, a series of ratings data compared to national average and various characteristics data.
Data set contains all U.S. alternative fuel charging stations such as Electric, Hydrogen, Ethanol (E85), Natural Gas, Biodiesel and Propane. There are two file formats available. The location and contact file contains Name, Address, Direction and Phone Number. The full version adds Fuel Type, Owner Type, Fill Type, Geocode and many other columns.
Full data file includes over 11,000 U.S. home health providers certified with Medicare. The file contains Provider Name, Street Address, City, State, Zip, Phone number along with type of services offered by each provider. An additional file has information on the areas serviced by each provider.


Big and small. Over and Under. Many and few. Open and closed. These are just a few of the opposites toddlers will discover as they explore Up and Down. Playful images of black and white cats are set against the backgrounds alive with colors. Up and Down introduces the concept of opposites in full sentences, boosting language development.


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Meghan McCain Stays Strong In The Face Of Her Father's Cancer Diagnosis
Robin Marchant/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
By Katherine Speller
Following the announcement on Wednesday that the Arizona senator and former presidential candidate was diagnosed with brain cancer, Sen. John McCain's daughter Meghan McCain released a statement about her father's condition. Meghan McCain, a commentator on Fox News, touched on her father's previous experiences with cancer via Twitter and assured that the member of her family "who is most confident and calm" in face of the diagnosis is McCain himself.
McCain said she and her family are grateful for thoughts and prayers during this time and gave a touching tribute to her father's strength in the face of many challenges — in his military, political and personal life — as "a warrior at dusk." In her heartfelt tribute, she wrote:
My love for my father is boundless, and like any daughter I cannot and do not wish to be in a world without him. I have faith that those days remain far away. Yet even in this moment, my fears for him are overwhelmed by one thing above all: gratitude for our years together, and the years still to come. He is a warrior at dusk, one of the greatest Americans of our age, and the worthy heir to his father's and grandfather's name. But to me, he is something more. He is my strength, my example, my refuge, my confidante, my teacher, my rock, my hero — my dad.
As Meghan mentioned in her statement, her family has "endured the shock" of the news despite being familiar with the experience — her father had previously had skin cancer, having had a melanoma removed via surgery in August 2000.
It is an experience familiar to us, given my father's previous battle with cancer — and it is familiar to the countless American families whose loved ones are also stricken with the tragedy of disease and the inevitability of age. If we could ask anything of anyone now, it would be the prayers of those of you who understand this all too well. We would be so grateful for them.
McCain described her father as "the toughest person [she knows]" and said he is "meeting this challenge as he has every other."
"Cancer may afflict him in may ways," she continued, "but it will not make him surrender. Nothing ever has."
Sen. McCain's diagnosis was announced on Wednesday night via a statement from his office, explaining that a tumor — called a glioblastoma— was found in his brain following a minor surgery to remove a blood clot last week. The statement also assured that McCain "is confident that any future treatment will be effective" and "is in good spirits" as he recovers from his surgery at home with his family.


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The 33rd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between February 13, 1913, and January 20, 1917.

Josiah Wood served as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick.

G.J. Clarke was chosen as speaker in 1913. W.B. Dickson became speaker in 1914 after Clarke became party leader in 1914. O.M. Melanson became speaker in 1916 after Dickson died.

The Conservative Party led by James Kidd Flemming formed the government. George Johnson Clarke became party leader in 1914 when Flemming was forced to resign. When Clarke resigned due to poor health in 1917, James Alexander Murray served as leader until the general election held later that year.

History

Members

Notes:

References
 Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1916, EJ Chambers

Terms of the New Brunswick Legislature
1912 establishments in New Brunswick
1917 disestablishments in New Brunswick
20th century in New Brunswick

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia