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Der Begriff Soccer Mom ([], []) bezeichnet im sozialen, kulturellen und politischen Diskurs in Nordamerika wenig oder gar nicht berufstätige Frauen der amerikanischen Mittelschicht, die in Vororten leben und einen beträchtlichen Teil ihrer Zeit damit verbringen, ihre Kinder zu Freizeitaktivitäten wie Fußball (Amerik. Englisch: Soccer) oder Musikunterricht zu fahren. Der Terminus Soccer Mom erlangte während der US-amerikanischen Präsidentschaftskampagne 1996 große Popularität als Schlagwort für eine Bevölkerungsgruppe von potentiellen Wechselwählern, die damals als vermutlich wahlentscheidende Zielgruppe gesehen wurde und um die es deshalb besonders zu werben galt.

Mütter kleiner und schulpflichtiger Kinder sind in den USA weitaus häufiger als in den deutschsprachigen Ländern voll erwerbstätig; infolgedessen begleiten dort auch sehr viele Väter ihre Kinder zu außerschulischem Unterricht oder zum Sporttraining. Das männliche Pendant der Soccer Mom – der Soccer Dad – spielt im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs der Vereinigten Staaten jedoch nur eine geringe Rolle.

Gebrauch und Geschichte
Die Bezeichnung "Soccer Mom" bezieht sich in der Regel auf eine weiße, verheiratete und gut ausgebildete Frau aus der Mittelschicht, die in einem Vorort lebt und Kinder im Schulalter hat. Sie wird in den Medien manchmal als vielbeschäftigt und einen Minivan fahrend dargestellt. Sie wird auch als jemand dargestellt, der die Interessen der Familie, insbesondere die ihrer Kinder, über ihre eigenen stellt.

Die Bezeichnung "Soccer Mom" stammt von der Tätigkeitsbeschreibung einer Mutter ab, die ihre Kinder zum Fußball fährt und ihnen dann beim Fußballspielen zuschaut. Die Bezeichnung wurde auch in den Namen von Organisationen von Müttern gebraucht, die Geld sammelten, um die Fußball-Teams ihrer Kinder zu unterstützen. Die erste Erwähnung der Bezeichnung "Soccer Mom" in den US-amerikanischen Medien geht bis ins Jahr 1982 zurück. In diesem Jahr stahl Joseph Decosta, der Ehemann der Kassenwartin des Soccer moms booster club aus Ludlow in Massachusetts, 3.150 US-Dollar, die für eine örtliche Fußball-Liga gesammelt worden waren.

Stellenwert des Begriffes im politischen Diskurs

Die Bezeichnung bekam ihre demographische Bedeutung im Jahr 1995 während einer Wahl zum Stadtrat von Denver, als Susan B. Casey sich mit dem Slogan "A Soccer Mom for City Council" bewarb. Casey, die einen PhD hat und Präsidentschaftskampagnen geleitet hatte, nutzte den Slogan um ihren Wählern zu versichern, dass sie "eine von ihnen sei" und sie ihr vertrauen konnten. Die Bezeichnung zielte auf die Besorgnis ab und auf das Klischee, dass kluge und tüchtige Frauen nicht gleichzeitig Karriere machen und sich liebevoll um ihre Familie kümmern können. Casey gewann die Wahl mit 51 Prozent der Stimmen.

Die Bezeichnung wurde im Jahr 1996 verstärkt eingesetzt bei der Republican National Convention. Zum ersten Mal wurde der Begriff in einem Zeitungsartikel über die Wahl gebraucht, der am 21. Juli 1996 in der Washington Post erschien. E. J. Dionne, der Autor des Artikels, zitierte Alex Castellanos (zu dieser Zeit ein PR-Berater für Bob Dole), der behauptete, dass Bill Clinton eine demographische Zielgruppe ansprach, die Castellanos "Soccer Mom" nannte. Die "Soccer Mom" wurde in dem Artikel als "the overburdened middle income working mother who ferries her kids from soccer practice to scouts to school" beschrieben. Der Artikel behauptete, der Begriff "Soccer Mom" sei eine Erfindung der politischen Berater. Castellanos wurde später im Wall Street Journal zitiert mit den Worten: "She's the key swing consumer in the marketplace, and the key swing voter who will decide the election." Das mediale Interesse an "Soccer Moms" nahm zu, je näher die Wahl kam. Die Anzahl der Artikel über "Soccer Moms" in Zeitungen nahm von zusammen 12 in den Monaten August und September zu auf 198 für Oktober und November. Zu einem großen Teil rührte das mediale Interesse vom Glauben der Medien her, dass "Soccer Moms" die wichtigste Gruppe der zu adressierenden Wechselwähler im Jahr 1996 ausmachte. Am Ende favorisierten diese Frauen Bill Clinton mit 53 % zu 39 %, während die Männer der Vororte für Dole stimmten.

Im Wahlkampf und von Kommentatoren wurde der Begriff so häufig verwendet, dass die American Dialect Society "Soccer Mom" zum Wort des Jahres 1996 wählte. Die Kolumnistin Ellen Goodman vom Boston Globe nannte 1996 das "Jahr der Soccer Mom". Ein Artikel der Associated Press zählte "Soccer Moms" (zusammen mit Macarena, Bob Dole, und Rules Girls) zu den zentralen Phänomenen des Jahres 1996.

In der Wahlkampagne des Jahres 2004 trat im Diskurs der amerikanischen Medien an die Stelle des Stereotyps der Soccer Mom das der Security Mom (deutsch: "Sicherheits-Mutti"), einer Frau, deren Sorge angeblich in erster Linie Themen wie dem Irakkrieg, dem Terrorismus im eigenen Land und der Sicherheit ihrer Kinder gilt. Dieser Sprachgebrauch fand sofort viele Kritiker, die bezweifelten, dass ein solcher Frauentyp in den USA überhaupt existiere. Das Stereotyp der Security mom erlangte auch niemals die Prominenz, die das Stereotyp der Soccer Mom acht Jahre zuvor besessen hatte.

Hockey Mom
Hockey Mom ist ein Begriff, der überwiegend in Kanada benutzt wird, wo Mütter (und Väter) ihre Kinder oft zu Eishockey-Hallen fahren.

Sarah Palin, ehemalige Gouverneurin von Alaska und US-amerikanische Vizepräsidentschaftskandidatin 2008, beschrieb sich selbst bereits 2006 im Wahlkampf um den Gouverneursposten als "Hockey Mom". In ihrer Rede bei der National Convention der Republikaner im Jahr 2008 und in Reden danach witzelte sie, der einzige Unterschied zwischen einer Hockey Mom und einem Pit Bull sei der Lippenstift. Damit wollte sie zum Ausdruck bringen, dass Hockey Moms "tough" seien.

Der erste Artikel in der New York Times, der Hockey Mom als demographischen Begriff nutzte, war im Jahr 1999 eine Besprechung des Chevrolet Silverado, eines Pick-ups. Darin wird der Truck als "smooth and gutsy vehicle" beschrieben und "ought to please everyone from hockey mom to cattle hauler".

Soccer Mom in den Medien
Mittlerweile gilt das Image bzw. der Ausdruck "Soccer Mom" auch als zeitgeistiges Phänomen und wird in vielen unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen aufgegriffen.

Literatur
Bereits 1998 erschien das Buch "Soccer Mom: A Survival Guide" von Paula Massie und Sideline Soccer. Im Mai 1999 wurde das Buch "Goal: Ultimate Guide for Soccer Moms and Dads" von Gloria Averbuch und Ashley M. Hammond veröffentlicht. Im April 2005 erschien das Buch "Ninja Soccer Moms" von Jennifer Apodaca. Im Juli 2006 wurde "The Secret Desires of a Soccer Mom" von Robyn Harding veröffentlicht. Im Juni 2007 erschien "California Demon: The Secret Life of a Demon-Hunting Soccer Mom" von Julie Kenner (ISBN 0-515-14320-0). Im Juli 2007 folgte "Demons Are Forever: Confessions of a Demon-Hunting Soccer Mom" ebenfalls von Julie Kenner (ISBN 0-425-21538-5). Im August 2007 wurde "Alive and Kicking: When Soccer Moms Take the Field and Change Their Lives Forever" von Harvey Araton und Simon & Schuster veröffentlicht. Im Oktober 2007 erschien das Taschenbuch "Soccer Mom Secrets" von Rachel Gunther und Judy D. Holstein (ISBN 1-4343-0699-2). Die Autoren Michelle Miller und Holly Buchanan veröffentlichten im März 2008 das Buch "The Soccer Mom Myth: Today's Female Consumer: Who She Really Is, Why She Really Buys" (ISBN 1-932226-56-7). Ebenfalls 2008 erschien "The Goal...: Of a Soccer Mom" von Debra U. Brown.

Musik
Anfang 2000 wurde eine Band namens "Cheatin Soccer Mom" gegründet. Die Rockband The Vandals brachte 2002 den Titel "Soccer mom" auf ihrem Album Internet Dating Superstuds heraus. Die Rockband Everclear veröffentlichte 2003 den Song "Volvo driving soccer mom" auf ihrem Album "Slow Motion Daydream". Die Singer-Songwriterin und Musikerin Sophie Allison tritt unter dem Pseudonym Soccer Mommy auf.

Filme & TV
Im Jahr 2005 drehte der Regisseur Mark Piznarksi die Fernsehserie Soccer Moms. Der Regisseur Gregory McClatchy drehte 2008 den Film Soccer Mom. Eine Reality-Fernsehserie wurde 2008 mit dem Titel The Secret Life of a Soccer Mom gedreht. Darüber hinaus thematisiert die Episode Der Mittwochs-Mann der Erfolgsserie Two and a Half Men die Existenz der Soccer Moms. In dieser Episode lassen sich sowohl Charlie als auch Alan auf Soccer Moms, die Alan über die Fußballmannschaft seines Sohnes Jake kennt und Charlie  kennen lernt, mehr oder weniger ein. Auch eine Folge von Bones – Die Knochenjägerin spielt auf dieses Thema an und auch in Animationsserien wie Deckname: Kids next door sind Soccer Moms vertreten. Weitere Dokumentationen und Filme, wie z. B. Soccer Moms (2005) oder The Soccer Momster (2011) erschienen im Laufe der Zeit. Daneben existieren auch eine Reihe von Kurzfilmen, die sich mit der Thematik Soccer Moms beschäftigen. Auch die Pornobranche hat das Phänomen entdeckt und produziert entsprechende Filme auf DVD, die dem Genre MILF zugeordnet werden. Bekannte Filme sind beispielsweise die Serie I Scored a Soccer Mom des Labels Overboard (seit 2007) oder Soccer Moms Revealed von Platinum Media (18 Folgen bis 2010).

Siehe auch
 Kindheit und Jugend in den Vereinigten Staaten
 Hausfrau und Mutter

Weblinks
 What's a Soccer Mom Anyway?, Artikel in der New York Times, Oktober 1996
 What is a Soccer Mom?
 The Soccer Mom Myth, Website zum Buch "The Soccer Mom Myth"
 "Soccer Mom Nonsense" – The making of this year's election myth, Jacob Weisberg, Oct. 12, 1996
 Porsche Goes Soccer Mom, Robyn Meredith, 2. April 2002, auf forbes.com
 Sarah Palin, 'soccer mom' at a new frontier; John Turnbull, 19 October 2008, auf theglobalgame.com
 The Post-Soccer Mom June, 2008 auf brandweek.com, von Becky Ebenkamp

Einzelnachweise

Mutterschaft
Bürgertum
Lebensstil
Präsidentschaftswahlen in den Vereinigten Staaten
Englische Phrase
Frau (Bezeichnung)
Neologismus der 1980er-Jahre
Fußballfankultur


Select games start at $5.
Attention Spurs fan, the basketball season has begun and ticket prices do not have to be the reason students cannot enjoy some of the fun.
The Alamo Colleges is offering discounted Spurs game tickets for students, faculty, and staff, but there are a few rules students need to know.
Students must purchase tickets at the box office window. Tickets bought over the phone or online are not eligible for the student discount.
Depending on availability, students can purchase up to two tickets per ID holder for selected games starting at $5 for upper level and $40 for lower-level seats, Radley said.
Games against high demand teams, such as the Los Angeles Lakers, Houston Rockets and Miami Heat, will not be available for discounted purchases.
Games eligible for tickets will be announced and listed via the AT&T Center's Twitter and Facebook accounts.
These discounts also can be applied toward Rampage tickets using the same guidelines.
Silver Star tickets are not available for student discounts but are being considered, Radley said.
For more information on Spurs games and discounts, call the AT&T box office at 210-444-5000.


The worship ministry at NEC is authentic, spirit-led and refreshing to the soul.
We desire to focus our hearts on the goodness of the Lord. Our passion is to see people engage in genuine worship during our service. We also invite you to connect with others while using your gifts and talents in the areas of music and media.
Choir meets on Wednesday at 6:30 p.m. The only requirement to be a part of this group is your willingness to attend. More than a group of singers, choir is a place to belong. Here many have found, friendship, fellowship and ministry fulfillment.
Come try us out! You won't be disappointed!
Our volunteer band and praise team lead in worship every Sunday. Our schedule includes a monthly rehearsal and a pre-service warm up on Sundays at 8:30 am.
Our media team supports all the ministries at NEC. If you have experience or an interest in working with audio, screens, video recording and editing, photography or lighting please see Tim or attend one of our training events.
We have several special events throughout the year that require costumes, props, sets and utilizes people of all ages in dramatic roles.


Since we have moved, I have had this wanting for all new things. New outdoor furniture, new rugs, new bedding, new EVERYTHING; to go with the new house. Well, budget does not allow for that and my frugal self would not allow for it either. So, I have been really trying to use what we have and redo it so it feels like new.
The outside front entrance to our new house is quite grand compared to what we're used to. There were two large round planters in the front that had some type of coniferous ornamental trees in each pot. I didn't take any pictures because I didn't want to remember how bad they looked...and I forgot. The last owner didn't do too much in the garden department so when we finally owned the house, these trees were brown and sad looking. The pots weren't in nice condition either, but to buy two pots at that size was little more than I wanted to spend. A facelift was required.
The facelift required first getting rid of the old plants. This was quite funny to see because the planters didn't have any filling, just all soil and plant. I am proud to say I am pretty strong, but this was ridiculous. I gently tipped over the planter and pulled the soil out to loosen the tree. Then after lots of back and forth, it finally came loose. I put the plant into a really tough construction garbage bag and drug it to the side of the house for my husband to lift into garbage cans. The remainder of the soil was sad looking so I just mixed into the mulch/soil mixture that is currently in the planting beds.
Now that the soil and plants were out, I was able to assess the planters closely. The actual pot wasn't very heavy, but in poor condition. You can see at one time there was a big crack that someone put back together with the putty stuff they sell on tv infomercials. Well, it was ugly looking, but the pot was still together. There were also a bunch of smaller holes. I decided that a good cleaning and some spray paint would perk this poor pot up.
After dragging the pot out of the garden area, I cleaned the pot off with the garden hose and soap. A little elbow action got off the caked on dirt and years of outside grunge. I let it dry for most of the day in the sun to make sure it was nice and dry.
I found a Terracotta spray paint at Lowes that matched the roof of our new house perfectly to use as a spray paint. If this planter was a different material, I would suggest sanding the sides a big or even spraying a primer on it, but it wasn't necessary in my case.
It turns out the spray paint that I got was the exact color that was currently on the pot. I sprayed 2-3 coats on the planters each. It took two cans of the Valspar Terra Cotta. I then sprayed a clear coat for outdoor spray paint in top to make sure the color stuck. The bottle did not say it wasn't for outdoor use, but it didn't say it was either. They didn't make that specific color in the outdoor spray paint they had and I really wanted the Terracotta color. I might regret it in the future and curse the entire time I am spraying the pot again. If you can, buy outdoor use spray paint.
Once the pots were dry after their facelift, they looked so much better. Perfectly matched with the roof and they looked like new, from a few steps away.
My mother was helping me and gave me a few money saving tips. First we filled the bottom of the planters with rocks we found down by the lake. There was already a hole at the bottom that was used for drainage.
Then we used the empty (and rinsed) vinegar bottles that I used to spray the weeds that were taking over the mulch. With the rocks and the weeds, the planters were about half way full already.
We then filled the remainder of the planters with soil. My mother was there to help me choose the plants that would look the best in the pots. We went with a tall grass and then some sweet potato vines ("blackie") that would be the spill over the sides. Dont forget to loosen your root ball or "tickle your roots" (quoted by my mother) before planting and read the plant label about depth, spacing, watering, and light.
The spray paint cost twenty dollars for all three cans. Sure, If you add in the cost of the soil and the new plants, the cost increases, but you would have to do that for what it would cost to fill a brand new planter.
How do they look? So much better, and it cost just a fraction of buying a new pot.
Do your planters need a facelift?


CHICAGO (WLS) -- Sunday's baseball game between the Chicago White Sox and Cleveland Indians is postponed due to rain, the team said.
In a press release, the team said the game will be made up on May 23 as a doubleheader beginning at 4:10 p.m. Fans can exchange their tickets and parking coupons for Sunday's game for tickets of equal or lesser value to any future regular season White Sox game. Exchanges must be done at the U.S. Cellular Field Box office.
Fans with tickets for May 23 may attend both games of the doubleheader.


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« Does Canada's Electoral System Under-Represent Minorities? | Main | A Lament for Public Policy »
Why the Gini?
Stephen Gordon recently posted an excellent analysis of trends in income inequality in Canada and elsewhere. Stephen, like almost all of the other authors cited in his post and the subsequent discussion, measured inequality using the Gini coefficient.
The very next day, I saw a paper by Francesca Greselin arguing that the Gini is inferior to the new Zenga inequality index and should be replaced.
Talk about deja vu all over again. Various limitations of the Gini inequality index have been known for years. Tony Atkinson described some and proposed an alternative to back in 1970; other indices for measuring inequality are the Theil index, and the Hoover index. Greselin and co-authors set out new arguments, and make a convincing case for replacing the Gini. But I don't expect to see the Zenga index in wide use any time soon.
We keep on using the Gini because that's the way people have always done it. But why did people even start using the Gini in the first place?
The distribution of income is just a distribution. In Britain, for example, according to a report by the Institute for Fiscal Studies, it looks like this:
In statistics, the standard deviation is usually used to measure how spread out or "unequal" a distribution is. If a "unit free" measure is desired - one that does not depend upon whether income is measured in Euros or dollars - the coefficient of variation, that is, the standard deviation divided by the mean, or some similar measure can be used.
So why, when people started measuring income inequality, didn't they just use the the standard deviation or the coefficient of variation? Why did people even begin using the Gini?
Max Lorenz can assume part of the blame.
In 1905, as a 28-year-old PhD student, Lorenz published one of the first English-language investigations into income inequality measurement. (A topic which had nothing to do with his PhD thesis, which was on the Economic Theory of Railroad Rates.)
Lorenz begins by considering and rejecting the numerical methods that were being used by American economists at the time to measure inequality. He also appears to reject the frequency distribution approach to graphing income distributions:
Turning now to the graphic measures, a simple plotting of wealth	along	one	axis	and	the	numbers	of	the	population along another is not satisfactory for the reason that changes in the shape of the curve will not show accurately changes in	the	relationships	of	individuals.
Instead, he advocated representing income distribution through what is now known as a Lorenz curve - like this:
The horizontal axis shows the cumulative percentage of income, the vertical the cumulative percentage of wealth. So the diagram shows, for example, that in Prussia in 1901, the poorest 60 percent of the population had 32 percent of the income.
Today Lorenz curves are generally drawn the other way around, like this one (source):
This picture shows how inequality in receipt of health care spending decreases as people get older. At age 65, 80 percent of the population have received almost no medicare spending; almost all spending is on a small proportion of high need patients. Twenty years later, however, there is much less inequality - the cheapest 80 percent receive, over their lifetimes, about half of Medicare spending.
Lorenz did not advocate any numeric measure of inequality. His point was the value of graphic representations. Indeed, there are good reasons to prefer pictures to numerical measures. If Lorenz curves do not cross, as in the Medicare spending diagram above, just about any measure will show inequality decreasing over time, so in some sense it does not matter which measure you use. But what if the Lorenz curves do cross, as in this picture:
Compare, in this example, UK 1913 with Brazil 1980. The bottom 80 percent of the population had a larger income share in 1913 UK than in 1980 Brazil. But the 8th decile did better in 1980 Brazil than in 1913 UK - in 1913 income was more concentrated among the wealthiest of the wealthy. So which distribution is less unequal? Which distribution is, in a sense, better? It depends upon how one weights the interests of different groups in society. With a sufficiently high weight on the upper middle class, the 1980 Brazil distribution could conceivably be preferred to the 1913 UK distribution.
It was many years before people recognized this fact. Instead, they continued searching for the Holy Grail of income inequality, a single numerical measure that perfectly captures the shape of the income distribution.
For example, Warren Persons, in a 1909 Quarterly Journal of Economics article, drawing inspiration from the latest research in biology, concluded, "The coefficient of variability is recommended as the most satisfactory measure of variability."
Around the time that Lorenz and Persons were writing, Italian statististicians and sociologists such as Corrado Gini were independently developing methods of inequality measurement. (Savour for a moment, if you wish, the irony of the most widely used measure of inequality being named after the author of The Scientific Basis of Fascism)
Hugh Dalton, in 1920 brought these two strands of inequality measurement together, introducing English readers to Italian research in a highly influential article. He concluded that both the coefficient of variation and "Professor Gini's mean difference" were satisfactory measures of inequality. But, he argued,
If a single measure is to be used, the relative mean difference [Gini coefficient] is, perhaps, slightly preferable, owing to the graphical convenience of the Lorenz curve.
What does that mean? It turns out that the Gini coefficient is equal to two times the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of complete equality. Just look at the Lorenz curve diagrams above - you can see the Gini coefficient.
Simple. Intuitive. Because people were used to visualizing inequality with Lorenz curves, and not with frequency distributions. But the Gini coefficient is seriously defective as a measure of inequality, for two reasons.
Reason 1. Suppose society is composed of two groups, reds and greens. One group is more privileged than the other. A reasonable question to ask is: how much of the inequality in society is attributable to differences between these two groups, and how much inequality is attributable to differences within these groups.
The Gini coefficient cannot answer this question, because it is not easily decomposed into between group and within group inequality. Other measures can be, and that's one reason to use the Theil or another index in preference to the Gini.
Reason 2. Suppose that there is diminishing marginal utility of income - that is, people get more satisfaction from their 100th dollar than their 100,000th. In this case, the best way to get the maximum possible amount of happiness from a given amount of resources is to distribute them as equally as possible. Just like serving a blueberry pie to a group of friends and family. Sure, some might end up with a bit less because they're dieting or a bit more because they're growing. But basically happiness is maximized by sharing the pie, not letting one or two people to hog it all.
In othe words, the reason we care about inequality is that it reduces the happiness achievable from a given amount of income. How much depends upon the happiness/income relationship. Does the marginal utility of income fall rapidly? Or is the happiness from the 100,000th dollar almost as great as the happiness from the 100th?
The Atkinson index is a measure of inequality can be adjusted to take into account society's attitudes towards inequality - placing either more or less emphasis on the extremes of the distribution, depending upon the "inequality aversion parameter" chosen. Because the Atkinson measure makes explicit the welfare judgements underlying inequality measurement, it is preferable to the Gini.
I could go on. The Zenga measure, for example, is preferable to the Gini because it can be estimated with a smaller margin of error.
So why do we use the Gini? I suspect it's the same as the reason why we use QWERTY keyboards. People are familiar with it, it's a lot of effort to change, and it's good enough for most intents and purposes.
Posted by Frances Woolley on September 22, 2011 in Frances Woolley, Inequality | Permalink
Ecologists went through similar debates once upon a time, looking for a single best "diversity index". The starting point is usually data on how many species there are at a site, and how abundant each of them is. How can we summarize the "diversity" represented by those data? We could just count the number of species, but that neglects the fact that a site with one common species and lots of really rare ones doesn't seem very diverse--it's not really all that different from a site with just one species. Which led to lots of arguments about how best to collapse the entire species-abundance distribution into a single number that would summarize its "diversity". Which of course is impossible because you can't capture every feature of most frequency distributions with a single number, so any single-number summary ends up throwing away some information and behaving weirdly in some applications. As in economics, the most popular indices retain their popularity because they have straightforward interpretations, and because they are traditional.
Posted by: Jeremy Fox | September 22, 2011 at 06:02 PM
Jeremy - interesting. Once again, ecology and economy have so much in common.
- what are the popular indices in biology?
- I think there's a difference between *seeming* straightforward and *being* straightforward. E.g. the Gini. It's more sensitive to changes in some parts of the distribution than others, but I always have a really hard time remembering which parts, or working it out from the picture. Put another way, a straightforward graphic interpretation, i.e. the difference between the line of equality and the Lorenz curve, doesn't imply a straightforward real world interpretation.
Posted by: Frances Woolley | September 22, 2011 at 07:38 PM
Should point out that I used the Gini because it was the only statistic readily available for the purposes of my post. Which of course begs Frances' question.
Posted by: Stephen Gordon | September 22, 2011 at 08:21 PM
Stephen - supply creates its own demand?
Yep. Everyone looks at the Gini because everyone looks at the Gini.
In biology the fallback ones are, shannon, simpson.
> wiki, in depth
Posted by: edeast | September 22, 2011 at 09:46 PM
Correct use of 'begging the question' on a blog?! What next? Superluminal neutrinos?
Posted by: Patrick | September 22, 2011 at 10:22 PM
edeast - "Related to diversity indices are many income inequality indices, such as the Gini index and the Theil index. Generally these measure a lack of diversity, but the only difference with the measures mentioned above is a minus sign.
The Theil index in particular is the maximum possible diversity log(N) minus Shannon's diversity index. It is the maximum possible entropy of the data minus the observed entropy. The Theil index is called redundancy in information theory."
So the Theil index of inequality is essentially the same as the Shannon index of diversity - so presumably the Shannon has those nice decomposibility properties of the Theil?
Yes think so, except for being the residuals of each other.
The theil write up explains what the equivalent measure is in biology.
Posted by: edeast | September 23, 2011 at 07:12 AM
What edeast said--the two most popular diversity indices in ecology are Shannon "information" (called that because the index was originally developed in information theory), and the Simpson index (the greater the diversity, the greater the probability that two randomly-sampled individuals will be different species).
In ecology, issues of the decomposability of different diversity indices mostly come up not in the context of looking at the diversity of species at a single site (although they do come up there). Instead, they mostly come up when trying to understand the total diversity across a collection of sites. One component of that total is within-site diversity, another component is the among-site diversity (do different sites have the same or different species?) Debate centers on how precisely to measure within- and among-site diversity, so that total diversity decomposes into either the sum or the product of within and among-site diversity (much debate is about whether we should prefer an additive or multiplicative decomposition). It turns out that some popular single-site diversity indices have no obvious, decomposable multi-site extension.
In ecology, all these debates are kind of old-fashioned (as well as totally played out), and these days only really excite a small and fairly closed circle of people, who are viewed with some bemusement by everyone else. Different indices behave differently, so there is no one best one. Period.
Jeremy - "In ecology, all these debates are kind of old-fashioned (as well as totally played out)"
I suspect that might be in part because ecology ended up at a better equilibrium, i.e. with a diversity measure that is decomposible, as opposed to one that isn't. It might also be that there aren't as many underlying conflicts within ecologists about values, norms, policy implications.
As mentioned by others, I fully agree the Gini is used because it is used. I think it is also because (as Frances' points out) for the most part it is "close enough" to providing the answer to the question. If economists are anything, they are efficient with their own mental energy. Without intending to misdirect the thread, I think this is why GDP persists as a measure of economic well-being. It is relatively easy to calculate and understand, has a long history of comprehension by non-economists, and is already embedded in the mental tool-box.
If economic analysis is intended to a) explain the world, b) inform and/or recommend decisions, does the use of other inequality measures change the conclusions?
In other words, would a different index lead to different conclusions / actions when comparing UK 1913 with Brazil 1980?
Posted by: Peter | September 23, 2011 at 07:11 PM
Frances, policy implications.
The second part of the in depth blog post I linked to; was inspired by a paper in the 90s where the authors realized the futility of saving all species so came up with a measure of keeping some of a similar species. Measures diversity. Ecological economist trying to pin a value to biodiversity with odds of finding a cure. Similar species have similar probabilities.
The blog post is by tom leinster who proves some general properties of indices, he later writes a paper on it http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.0906 and mentions the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, which is apparently equivalent to the simpson index.
And now the guys have been bashing Tsallis vs Renyi entropy together, in which simpson/shannon are a subset of.
Leinster's aware of the between, among, global diversity differences. It's just intersting to watch mathematicians try to prove the general cases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home entertainment Kanye West Calls Out Drake For Following His Wife, Kim Kardashian On Instagram
Kanye West Calls Out Drake For Following His Wife, Kim Kardashian On Instagram
Kanye West, has reignited his beef with Drake again and this time he is calling him out for following his wife, Kim Kardashian on Instagram.
The father of three took to Twitter to attack him after he discovered thst Draks has since followed the Keeping Up With the Kardashians star, 38, on social media.
In a series of Tweet which has now been deleted, the 41-year-old rapper wrote: "I never knew till this morning that Drake followed my wife on Instagram back in September," he tweeted.
"I had to bring this up because it's the most bleeped up thing of all and I just saw it this morning," he added. "Imagine having a problem with somebody and they follow your wife on Instagram."
Despite the rant, Kanye still sent positive vibes to Drake adding, "We truly wish this man the best and pray that he will find the same happiness that we have."
DrakeKanye West


This machine is a system with rules and an organization. One can play the machine by poking it and seeing how it responds. Like many machines it will generate sound. A sound that will be altered by how you interact with it. It is similar to any musical instrument but instead of it being made out of wood or metal it is made from describing to a computer, by programming, what you have in mind. Also like any instrument, this machine has its own aesthetic. The coating and wood finish on a guitar is similar to the shaders, the colours and the representation that I choose for this machine.
The machine is made up of a network of connected nodes and a notion of time. The time is described by a metronome with a set beat per minute (96 bpm). All nodes are similar except 4 of them: there are two entry nodes (white) and two exit nodes (black). At each tick of the beat the two entry nodes are filled up with agents (up to 10) and the two exit nodes are emptied of their agents. At each beat the agents in the network travel through it. Similar to a water pipe system the agents flow from the entrance to the exit.
At the beginning the network is empty and starts to be filled with agents. After a while the number of agents exiting and entering the network stabilizes; it's in a steady state. The number of agents on each node will converge to a stable value.
The degree of convergence of the network is used to express the mood of the machine. The more this value is equal to 1, the more the network is stabilizing: the machine is bored. The more this value is equal to 0, the machine is happy and active. This influences the sound made by the machine.
This was a the hard part as I didn't know anything about music theory. I learnt about scales, modes, chords and how synthesizers work. I created 3 synths that have distinctive sounds. At each tick the 3 synths produce a sound.
The number of agents entering the network defines the note played by the first synth. Similarly the number of agents going out of the network defines the note played by the second synth. I use the degree of convergence of the network to modulate the note played by the third synth. So at every tick a 3 note chord is played.
three.js: A WebGL toolkit used to render the machine on the screen.


Weaving is going blah. I'm working on Let There Be Light and I've Got the Blues, as well as on the box bag for my friend. Working on the box bag teaches me, again, that if I'm not weaving tapestry I don't feel like I'm weaving just drudging. So sad.
I live an hour away, in the morning, from the university where I teach and 1.5-2.5 hours away in the evening. Over-crowded streets, big trucks, road construction, electric motorbikes, badly driven cars are all part of the fun and adventure in navigating a path too and from work. Today, I left school at about 5:20 or so. I didn't get here until after 7:30 PM, eating exhaust from big trucks the whole way.
Anyway, I found a supplier for some 20/2 and 15/2 100% natural linen yarn, linen-cotton blend, 100% ramie and such. I've also got a source close at hand for wool-cotton blend. So, I'm going to do some buying this week and stock up Simply Warped. Exciting. Excited.
This entry was posted in Fiber Arts and tagged 100% linen warp, 100% natural linen warp, 100% semi-bleached linen warp, low cost linen warp. Bookmark the permalink.


text: Q: Ubuntu 18.04 doesn`t boot in dual-boot system Ok, so... I'm not new to use linux but new to install it (before it I used live persistence mode). I have the notebook that have ssd disk partitioned on 2 partitions. One for disk C:\ and another one for programs and games. And HDD on 1 Tb for files. I free 280 Gb on that HDD and started to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Desktop. I partitioned that free space on 2 partitions. One of them on swap and another one with mount point "/" in ext4 fs. Installation was succesfull. I rebooted my computer and get into GRUB2 where I was can Boot in Ubuntu or in the Windows. I chooce Ubuntu. It started to boot but it freezed Ubuntu boot screen. And I don`t know what to do, because I don't find anything about it.

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COVID-19 hospitalizations stay low across much of Maine
MaineGeneral in Augusta had no patients all week, while Central Maine Medical Center, Maine Med and Mercy saw upticks.
By Colin WoodardStaff Writer
Hospitalizations for COVID-19 remained low over the past week across much of Maine. Lewiston's Central Maine Medical Center and Portland's hospitals saw modest increases, while several other hospitals that have consistently treated such patients fell to zero.
Maine Medical Center, which has handled nearly half the state's coronavirus burden through most of the crisis, saw the number of confirmed COVID-19 inpatients rise steadily from eight to 13 for the week ending Thursday, compared to peaks of 35 on both April 7 and May 25.
Portland's other major hospital, Mercy, had an average of 2.9 COVID-19 inpatients each day, up from 1.7 the week before but roughly a third of its burden in mid-to-late May. Southern Maine Health Care Medical Center in Biddeford had between three and five inpatients each day for the third week running, but York Hospital in York had none.
CMMC had an average of 3.5 COVID-19 inpatients for the six days ending Wednesday, up from 2.6 the week before and 1.1 the week before that. But Lewiston's other hospital, St. Mary's, had an average of 0.9 inpatients a day for the week ending Thursday, and no patients at all after Tuesday.
MaineGeneral in Augusta – the hospital that has had the fourth largest pandemic burden after Maine Med and SMHC – had no COVID-19 inpatients the entire week, a first since the pandemic began in mid-March.
Eastern Maine Medical Center in Bangor averaged 1.1 patients for the week while Mid Coast Hospital in Brunswick continued a streak of having no such patients that started May 24.
Franklin Memorial in Farmington had between 0 and 2 patients during the week, while two smaller hospitals that had reported having patients earlier in June – Waldo in Belfast and Bridgton – had none for the week.
MaineHealth's hospitals, including MaineMed, SMHC and Franklin, have not been reporting Sunday numbers for three weeks, because of an administrative change, but are working on a remedy to correct this.
Hospitalizations can end three ways: recovery, death, or transfer to another facility. The data do not include outpatients or inpatients who were suspected of having the virus but were never tested.
Hospitalizations are a lagging indicator, because it typically takes two or three weeks after exposure for an acutely affected person to become sick enough to be admitted, but it is one metric that is not affected by how many people are tested.
The Press Herald's survey is for the week ending July 2. It compiles data received directly from the hospitals and hospital networks. It includes most of the state's hospitals and accounts for the vast majority of the statewide hospitalizations reported each week by the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Rise in hospital patients in South and West is cause for concern
With Maine tourism season here, growing number of out-of-state visitors are testing positive
Another 45 COVID-19 cases reported in Maine but no new deaths
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Davenports Accountancy. Preservation House, Badger Street, Bury, BL9 6AD
accounts@davenportsaccountancy.co.uk
One week left to settle past tax bills
Blog, Footer Posts, SA
posted by Davenports Tax Team
Taxpayers who have failed to submit tax returns for past years have one week left to come forward and take advantage of an HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) campaign.
Launched on 9 July, the campaign is aimed at people who received a Self Assessment tax return, or a notice to complete a tax return for any year up to and including 2011-12, but have failed to submit it.
To benefit from the campaign terms and to avoid a higher penalty, participants have until 15 October to complete and submit their outstanding tax returns, and pay the tax and National Insurance Contributions that they owe.
After 15 October, penalties of up to 100 per cent of the tax, or even criminal investigation, could follow.
Marian Wilson, HMRC's head of campaigns, said:
"People who take part in this campaign will receive the best terms available – but they need to send returns without delay to meet the 15 October closing date.
"I urge people to take advantage of the quickest and most straightforward way to bring their tax affairs up to date and benefit now from the best terms available rather than face a higher bill later."
HMRC campaigns launched so far have produced more than £553 million by people coming forward voluntarily to pay the tax they owe. HMRC analyses information using a state-of-the-art software system, Connect, to identify people who have gaps in their tax records.
This campaign follows last year's Tax Return Initiative, which covered higher-rate taxpayers who had failed to submit 2008-09 or 2009-10 returns. As a result of the campaign, more than £30 million was paid to HMRC in outstanding tax, with over 3,000 people coming forward voluntarily, filing more than 5,500 tax returns. After an opportunity focusing on higher rate taxpayers closed last year, HMRC issued £58 million in tax demands to those who did not come forward.
Help is available from HMRC:
· online at http://hmrc.gov.uk/campaigns/mtrc.htm
· through a dedicated helpline on 0845 601 8818
For additional help or advice call Davenports Accountancy today on 0845 351 0381 to see how we can help you
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at 318 Richmond St W, Toronto. The development was completed in 2016. Picasso Condos has a total of 402 units.
Your inquiry will be delivered to the developer / builder of Picasso Condos, who will send you more information about this development.


Omax Cognitive Boost : Does It Work?
Have you caught yourself not being able to recall a piece of important information recently? Or maybe you are having problems with mental fatigue and you get tired of thinking quickly? These may be signs of cognitive decline that comes with aging, but you may boost your brain health with cognitive supplements. One of the ones that you might want to try is Omax Cognitive Boost and here is a review of its performance.
What is Omax Cognitive Boost?
If you are searching for a supplement with nootropic properties, you might want to consider Omax Cognitive Boost. This product is intended for those looking to boost their focus, concentration, and other cognitive abilities. It aims to supplement the brain with vital compounds that you may not ingest via regular nutrition. The formula doesn't have many ingredients, but the manufacturer claims that each of them has its purpose.
Omax Cognitive Boost focuses on long-term benefits for your brain health. If you are experiencing a gradual cognitive decline due to inadequate lifestyle, aging or any other reason, the supplement may provide your brain the support it needs.
Who is the Manufacturer of Omax Cognitive Boost?
A company that manufactures Omax Cognitive Boost is called Omax Health and they have a solid reputation in the supplement industry. The headquarters of the manufacturer is in the United States and they are the producers of over ten supplements that boost various areas of your health. Some of those include Omax3 Pro Strength, Omega-3 Inflammation Support, and Stress & Sleep Remedy. Their website contains clear information about all products and may be very useful for the visitors.
Omax Health was established by a team of doctors and scientists with the goal of optimizing your general health and restoring vitality. The company claims to use the highest-quality standards when designing their supplements and pinpoints that their formulas were design to maximize the potential benefits of Omega-3s.
How Does Omax Cognitive Boost Work?
The manufacturer sublimes the claims about the product in just a few words – it aims to improve your brain's performance. According to the company, users may experience an enhancement of memory, focus, thinking, and other cognitive abilities. The manufacturer pinpoints that your mind might feel sharper and you may feel more ready for everyday activities.
As for the working process, it is the fatty acids that play a vital role in the potential benefits of the product. They can promote normal brain performance and maintain cognitive abilities over time. Alpha-GPC provides a boost of choline to your brain, which may lead to enhanced concentration and focus, as well as promote and maintain overall mental performance.
Omax Cognitive Boost Ingredients – Are They Safe & Effective?
L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine – Otherwise known as alpha-GPC, this component may boost your memory capacity and help in achieving mental clarity.
The rest of the ingredients include mixed tocopherols, gelatin, sunflower lecithin, beeswax, glycerin, sorbitol, and natural caramel coloring.
What are the Advantages of Omax Cognitive Boost?
What are the Disadvantages of Omax Cognitive Boost?
How Should You Take Omax Cognitive Boost?
The directions suggest taking two capsules of Omax Cognitive Boost every day. It is advised to take them in the morning with breakfast. The users who are already taking Omax3 should take one capsule of Omax Cognitive Boost in the morning and one before bedtime.
How Much Does Omax Cognitive Boost Cost?
If you want to buy a single container of Omax Cognitive Boost, it will cost $49.95 plus the shipping charges. However, if you subscribe for a regular shipping program, you are eligible for a 10% discount, which means that each pack will cost you $44.95 and the shipping will be free.
What Is Omax Cognitive Boost's Return Policy?
The initial money back guarantee is 60 days, but that only applies to the first order. The subsequent purchases are eligible for a 30-day return. The manufacturer emphasizes that they do not accept returns for products sold by third-party sellers.
Does Omax Cognitive Boost Offer a Free Trial?
Omax Cognitive Boost doesn't offer a free trial at this point.
Omax Cognitive Boost is a nootropic supplement that aims at providing long-term benefit for your brain health. The manufacturer suggests taking this supplement with Omax3, another product made by the same company, but it might still take several weeks or more for the product to show the first visible effects as the results vary from one user to another.
Omax Cognitive Boost may be helpful for preventing cognitive decline and promoting thinking, memory, focus, and other brain abilities, but it could use more ingredients that support this claim. Some similar products are also worth checking out, especially because gathering all the facts is essential before making a definite decision on the brain enhancement pills you want to purchase.


(The Conversation) — After their dramatic rescue from Nang Non cave, 12 Thai boys and their soccer coach are mourning the loss of a Thai Navy SEAL, Saman Gunan, who died during the rescue efforts. The father of one of the boys said that in order to pay tribute to the Navy SEAL, many boys are considering temporarily becoming monks.
Ordaining as a full monk – known as "bhikkhu" in Pali, the religious language of the Theravada Buddhism – is only available to men over 20. The boys would instead be ordained as novices, or "nen," who undergo fewer restrictions. Additionally, at least one of the boys is Christian, and would likely not be ordained as a monk.
But in the wake of the rescue efforts, the act of ordaining is not surprising. In Theravada Buddhist practice, ordaining to be a monk and donating the merit thus gained is one of the greatest honors that a person can give to another.
Monks in Southeast Asia, with their saffron robes and shaven heads, are iconic. They can be seen on the roadside with alms bowls, accepting handfuls of rice from villagers in early morning processions, or gathered in the evenings chanting Pali scriptures in the Buddhist temples that lie at the heart of most Thai villages. In my own research, I spent hours talking with monks – from abbots of major temples to those who had been ordained for a short period.
I also met monks engaged in "magical" activities such as healing, to those who saw their role as scholars. My first impression, like that of many travelers, was of a group of men seeking enlightenment through isolation from the world.
Indeed, this isolation is at the core of Buddhist teachings. For Buddhists, worldly desires lead to suffering. Therefore, cessation of desires can lead to happiness and eventually enlightenment.
But monks are not a homogeneous group. Buddhists join the monkhood – the sangha – for many different reasons, only some of which are related to achieving transcendence and enlightenment. While some may choose to remain monks for their entire lives, most Buddhists ordain for a limited period. Thai Buddhists with whom I've worked have ordained for a few months during childhood, for the length of the rainy season, or even just for a day before undertaking a dangerous journey or following the death of a parent.
Buddhism, as it is practiced in Thailand, addresses many worldly needs. It takes into consideration the lives of people who are not necessarily ready to renounce the world quite yet.
Before the advent of government-run schools in the late 19th century, the Buddhist temple was the key institution for the education of young boys in Thailand. Boys as young as 5 entered the temple to learn to read and write, and to study the basics of Buddhism.
When Theravada came to Southeast Asia from India in the second millennium A.D., replacing local versions of Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, this religious focus on promoting education within the village was revolutionary, as it became a central part of village life.
Theravada was focused not on the trappings of kingship and rule, but on serving communities. The temple in the center of the village served as the school, fairgrounds, hostel and welfare office in addition to its role as a religious center.
Today, this role of educating Thai boys has largely been replaced by government-run schools. This transition has allowed for the education of girls.
But some Buddhist schools remain, especially in Thailand's North, that keep a focus on mostly men's religious education. They teach the local Northern Thai script (distinct from Central Thai and largely fallen out of use) in addition to the religious languages of Pali and Sanskrit.
But education is not the only reason to seek to be ordained.
Most Thai men get ordained in order to make merit – known as "tham bun." Devoting oneself to the study of the Buddha's teachings, the dharma, is one of the most holy acts that one can do. Buddhists who get ordained are believed to acquire a great deal of bun, or merit.
For Buddhists, this life is but one in a cycle of deaths and rebirths, where the good deeds one does in the past determine where and in what form – human, animal, divine being – one is reborn. Eventually, over many lifetimes, enough knowledge and merit will allow for escape from this cycle and transcendence.
But as anthropologist Lucien Hanks described, in Thai religious system, practitioners can donate and receive merit from others. Normally, the recipient of the merit are parents. It is a way to thank them for their sacrifices.
In the case of the 12 boys and their coach, however, they are offering the merit they will make to Officer Saman, in order to ensure a better rebirth in his next life.
Like many languages, Thai has certain concepts that do not translate well into English. One of these, "krengjai," refers to the feeling of obligation toward someone who has given a gift too great to repay. It is a heavy feeling.
For observers, it is easy to imagine the gratitude that the boys must feel to Officer Saman, but it is just as easy to overlook the sense of responsibility that must weigh on the boys as well. As the classic anthropological theorist Marcel Mauss pointed out, gifts come with obligations, and the sacrifice of a life is no different.
In this way, the boys are likely becoming monks not to reflect upon their own fate or experience in the cave. Rather, they are doing this to repay Saman's sacrifice with the greatest gift that they can offer.
I'm also "ready to renounce the world", though, that's for sure. And I do also own up to my "obligation toward [brother Saman Gunan] who has given a gift too great to repay … [even though this] heavy feeling … that must weigh on the boys" can't possibly be mine.
May with that "heavy feeling", then, that I go now and evangelize my Buddhist sisters and brothers everywhere and wherever. What for? So that they'll endure the crosses that they carry in their lives of faith in response to the ransoming Fatherly love of God through the crucifixion, burial and resurrection of His own beloved Son, Jesus, the Messiah of Israel and the savior of the rest of the world – including Thailand.
So you believe in rebirth/reincarnation/bhavacakra?
The Dalai Lama in 1992, then Sonam Rinchen in 2006, both claimed that in the bhavacakra the Buddha is pointing to a white circle, the moon, to indicate that liberation from samsara, i.e. cyclic existence, is possible. Now, see, any truth-claim (or false teaching) can do that – without, however, necessating any corroboration by witnesses bearing, well, witness to said liberation. Neither Buddhist man has ever produced such witnesses. Muslims and Mormons do it all the time as well – sans eyewitnesses. Jesus' crucifixion, burial and resurrection, however – the sources of liberation – were witnessed to by apostles Matthew, John and Paul. And all 3 lived to tell the story. But no one ever did to vouch for the veracity of the bhavacakra.
So, liberation from rebirth/reincarnation/bhavacakra is possible?
Plus the reason that human merits can't liberate humans. Ever. If going by the definition of liberate.
Now your turn. Detail how Buddhist liberation isn't impossible.
Well this will certainly make that Pure Flixtion movie a little awkward.
Liberation from samsara is not a truth claim. It is a cognitive strategy, a heuristic.
It is disconcerting, for those who have studied Western-style social sciences, to talk in terms of cognitive strategy, as opposed to truth claim. Yet this shift needs to be made.
If it helps, cognitive strategy is related to the Sanskrit phrase "adyaropa-apavada". Adyaropa-apavada is a teaching style suitable for students whose pre-requisites are weak. The teacher starts by stating facts in a highly simplified manner. Highly simplified because the student's prerequisites are weak. After a bit, the student gets stronger. Now the teacher states the same facts, but with greater sophistication than before (greater sophistication = not so highly simplified).
Perhaps the movie will claim that the Buddha was a Christian saint.
"Truth claim … cognitive strategy … greater sophistication" – uh-huh, yeah, right. This guy KP is no better at it than you.
"With God" – right you are. But Jesus was talking about His Dad, not you.
Is this what you're getting at? That "to Hindus, Jesus' proclamation 'The Father and I are one' confirmed the Hindu idea that everyone, through rigorous spiritual practice, can realize his own universal 'god-consciousness'"? Even though Hindus don't believe that their gods are like fathers to those who worship them?
Even though Hindus don't believe that their gods are like fathers to those who worship them?
The boy who translated for them said thank you Jesus on main stream news. I thank Jesus for this miracle.


Watching a movie on the big screen? The sound is what resonates with you after you leave the theater. You hear the vibrations from other theaters as you leave and wonder what sound system is making such loud yet amazing sound. CCS works with a number of audio system suppliers – Audio Technica, Shure, JBL, Soundtube, Danley Sound, Anchor Audio, Crown – that deliver High Definition sound allowing facilities from schools to churches to music halls to deliver clear messages and audio regardless of the room size.
CCS Presentation Systems can provide microphones to help amplify voices for spaces such as call centers and packed offices. Your customers will be able to hear everything you say.


Durabolin is a fast acting version of Deca Durabolin. It's often used by people who are doing a hardening cycle. It makes your joints feel great, and you don't get the Deca bloating. Essentially Nexgen Durabolin has the benefits of Deca without the bloating. NPP is a product containing short esters of the drugs Nandrolone and methandriol. Nandrolone Phenylpropionate releases nandrolone into the body over a 4 day period, in comparison to Deca-nandrolone, which releases over a 14 day period. NPP is great for quality gains of lean muscle mass that is likely to remain after use. Durabolin is also one of the least androgenic steroids. It's less likely to cause hair loss, acne issues, or additional body & facial hair growth. Nandrolone has been proven to improve endurance, increase the number of red blood cells and speed the rate of glycogen replenishment after strenuous physical activity. One trait users love about Nandrolone is its ability to reduce joint pain and soreness.
Nexgen Durabolin's low levels of androgenic activity make it a good choice for some women to use small doses of Nandrolone Phenylpropionate. NPP is in a small group of commonly used steroids that are least likely to cause permanent masculinizing effects to the female body when used in small doses.


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'We're the Millers' Pairs Jennifer Anniston and Jason Sudeikis in an RV
By Heavy Staff
Updated Apr 17, 2015 at 1:33pm
We're the Millers – Official Trailer [HD]facebook.com/werethemillers werethemillers.com In theaters August 7th. Watch the Red Band Trailer: youtu.be/O7NHfAzg7Yg From New Line Cinema comes the action comedy "We're The Millers," starring Jennifer Aniston ("Horrible Bosses") and Jason Sudeikis ("The Campaign"). The film is directed by Rawson Marshall Thurber ("Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story"). David Burke (Sudeikis) is a small-time pot dealer whose…2013-05-22T23:54:01.000Z
Jennifer Anniston may not seem the stripper go-to actress (we'll leave that to Olivia Wilde) but the 40-something cougar pulls out all the stops when she pairs up with Jason Sudeikis and Nick Offerman in the upcoming stoner comedy. The pair are forced to smuggle a haul of weed across the U.S. border from Mexico for crime boss – Ed Helms? The film also stars Emma Roberts and hits theaters this August.
Published May 23, 2013 at 4:04pm
Ed Helms, Jason Sudeikis, Jennifer Aniston, Movie Trailers, Movies, Nick Offerman
A stripper, a petty pot dealer and two kids try to smuggle a shipment of drugs across the border from Mexico, what could go wrong?


Highly skilled in testing practices Extensive experience testing Java and Web based products.
Knowledge of relational databases and Passionate about quality.
Need of Software Quality Assurance Engineer with a wealth of experience designing and executing comprehensive test plans.
Must have working knowledge of the technologies we use and be able to understand basic financial concepts.
Create test plans and cases for assigned defect or feature Document test plans in Test Case Management tool and record progress.
Use JIRA to track defects and tasks Review product requirement documents to ensure completeness of implementation.


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Nov DEC Aug
Collection: Alexa Crawls DO
Crawl data donated by Alexa Internet. This data is currently not publicly accessible
Swissair Tragedy
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Memorial services providing comfort to residents, searchers
Lighthouse staff
CHESTER - Memorial services were held across the South Shore over the past two weeks to help residents cope with the tragic crash of Swissair Flight 111 off Ironbound Island.
Witness and Remembrance for the Victims of Swissair Flight 111 was held at St. Stephen's Anglican Church in Chester September 6. The Ecumenical Service was broadcast by radio in the Chester area. A homepage on the world wide net has also been established at www3.ns.sympatico.ca/sataylor/chapel.htm to provide comfort and information to local and international observers.
Anglican Pastor Rev. Sean Taylor helped organize the service along with area volunteers. Also participating were clerics from the Chester United Baptist Church, Tancook Island Baptist Church and the St. Augustine Roman Catholic Parish. Dr. M. Allen Gibson, Pastor Emeritus, Chester, provided The Homily. Rev. Taylor led the service. Numerous area businesses donated goods for a reception following the service. The St. Stephen's and Chester Baptist choirs sang, closing with the hymn Amazing Grace.
Rev. Taylor explained, "Everybody has been asking what can we do and there's been a lot of hurt and frustration in the community and the clerics have been feeling the same way. We hope the service has taken some of the negative charge out of everybody. Prayer is a constructive activity. We wanted to show our care and concern in a time of crisis."
He continued, "People are pretty much overwhelmed and there's no easy way to get over something like this. It will take a long time." He said the emotional, psychological and spiritual needs of residents, searchers and family members of the victims need to be met. "I think the people involved in it have paid a very high price." He mentioned, for example, the volunteers, firefighters and RCMP involved in the search, who will eventually need the support of the community. "They've been so busy I don't think they've had time to do anything but work."
He hopes people were comforted by the service although nothing but time can help. "It's been, hopefully, a once in a lifetime kind of thing. Usually, it's something that happens far away from here but this time it occurred right here. I think that makes the difference. It's important to be available for people so they know we're here to listen."
He adds, the question why did the tragedy occur, cannot truly be answered.
"That's the nature of tragedy. You can provide all kinds of answers to the question why and the answers will not comfort people. People are going to be sad and they will suffer."
During the Homily, Rev. Gibson echoed Rev. Taylor's comments. "I realize no words of mine can beguile you from your questions or from the sorrows that have plagued you in recent days. Nevertheless, I come as one who has found immeasurable blessing in the gracious ministry of God and Father of us all and I crave for you such grace as my testimony may suggest."
He said the first word he thinks of is courage: the courage of the passengers and crew of Swissair Flight 111; the courage of the families of the victims; and the courage of firefighters, service personnel and police. "This is the courage of people who suddenly find themselves in the midst of tragedy and do not understand its implications. Yet they carry on. Do you not realize that you are in the presence of greatness?"
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All posts tagged "Fred Frith"
Jazz January 2023
What should you expect from jazz this month? Welcome to our January 2023 selection of albums that have already been released or will soon be released this month ("What to Wait For"). These albums got our full attention and are worth your time. They are listed in order of release date.
Fred Frith, Susana Santos Silva – Laying Demons to Rest
Laying Demons to Rest is the first duet album by Fred Frith and Susana Santos Silva. It was recorded live on August 27, 2021, in Mulhouse, France, as part of Festival Météo, and it will be released on January 20, 2023, by RogueArt (one of the current best jazz labels).
Filed under: 2023, 2023, Reviews
Fred Frith Trio – Road
Road is a live album recorded as a double CD by the Fred Frith Trio, with Fred Frith on electric guitar, Jason Hoopes on electric bass, and Jordan Glenn on drums. It was released on October 15, 2021, on Intakt Records.
The music was recorded in October 2019 during tours (hence the title Road) of the East Coast in the United States and throughout Europe. The first CD was recorded at Week-End Fest Stadthalle Köln in Germany on October 18; the second CD was recorded at Old Cabell Hall, University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, Virginia, with Susana Santos Silva on October 4, and at Altes Kino, in Ebersberg, Germany, with Lotte Anker on October 31.
Jazz October 2021
What should you expect in Jazz this month? This is our October 2021 Selection of albums that have already been released or have yet to be released this month (What to Wait For?). These albums got our full attention and should be worth your time.
After a month packed with amazing releases, October already seems to be as promising, maybe even better!
The albums are listed by release date. A playlist with one track per selected album is available at the end of the post.


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Cat killer on the prowl in Phoenix
by: CNN Newsource
(CNN) — A pair of cat killers are on the prowl in a Phoenix neighborhood, terrorizing pet owners.
A Ring security camera appears to have caught them in the act.
Nighttime footage, from a Ring door app could hold the answer to a recent cat mystery in a Phoenix neighborhood.
"It's a great family neighborhood, very quiet, very safe, just not something you would ever be afraid to leave your pets outside or be afraid to be outside," concerned cat owner Jen said.
But, that's now changing…. as several residents say their cats have gone missing or have been shot by either a pellet or bb gun. Some believe the video, recently posted to the Nextdoor app, explains it all.
In the video you see a man pull forward in his car, then he backs up when he sees a black cat sitting in the driveway. he and his friend shuffle something in their hands, they point it out the window, and then the black cat disappears.
"They get the gun from the back, the driver hands it to the guy in the passenger seat, they look around, and then the passenger takes it out and then shoots the cat," Jen said.
Three-year-old Sam the cat was shot and killed. His owner tells us, he was friendly and loved people. Jen's 12-year-old family cat Spider survived after being shot right between the eyes last weekend.
"It looked like he had almost been in a fight. He went into surgery on Tuesday, and they had to remove shattered teeth, and they removed the bullet from his jaw, and there are still shards of a bullet in his nose," said Jen.
These cat shootings seem to be clustered near 28th Street and Camelback. Phoenix Police say its "animal crimes unit" has received a third report in recent days. And now, possibly a fourth shooting this week, as this neighbor posts what he believes is a bb gun wound to the hind leg of his neighbor's cat.
"These types of incidents are very disturbing to us," Sgt. Ann Justus said.
Even though feral cats thrive in this area, these victims belong to families.
"These owners love these animals, they've had them for years, they've gone through lots of life experiences with them, so to see them injured, animals like kids are innocent, so to see them injured, really just hurts these people," Justus said.
Jen and neighbors we spoke with say the cruelty needs to stop. They're warning others to keep a close eye out for copy cats.
"This is just not a humane thing and is not something we should be dealing with here or anywhere in any neighborhood," Jen said.
As for Spider, he's doing well, but his surgery and vet bills have hit $7,000. His owners set up a GoFundMe page called, "Save one of Spider's nine lives."
If they raise more than they need, they plan on donating the remainder to the Humane Society.
Biker Dad / 2 hours ago
Northwest Florida / 1 hour ago


Kesari is Akshay Kumar's Latest Bollywood Movie released on 21st March 2019. Kesari Movie is written and directed by the Indian Writer Anurag Singh. The Story is based on the historic Sikh battle which occurred in the year 1897. In this battle, 21 courageous Sikh Soldiers fought against 10,000 Afghans for 6 months.
Let us Look at more details about the battle and the story of the Kesari Movie. Before 1947, the current day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh were part of India. Afghanistan was the border country on the northwestern side to India. Indian post-Saragarhi was a heliographic communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan. On the 12th of September 1897, around 10,000 Afghan Pashtun reached Saragarhi. An Indian Sikh Sepoy Gurmukh Singh signaled to the nearby Fort Lockhart is under attack. But Colonel Haughton commanding at Fort Lockhart was not able to send any immediate assistance.
Kesari Full movie download is not available yet on any of the public domain websites. Typically you can watch Kesari Movie on online streaming channels like Prime Video or Netflix, but you have to wait till the movie is taken out of theaters. Meanwhile, some illegal websites are providing links to Kesari Movie, but most of these web sites are blocked already. In case you are looking for an illegal download, we request you not to do that as it is equal to violating Indian Copy Right Act and supporting Piracy.
In case you are more eager to watch Kesari Full Movie Download before it is available on Online Streaming Websites, we recommend you to visit nearest theatres and watch Kesari movie.
HouseOfHorrors.com or any of our affiliate websites do not support any form of piracy including watching or downloading movies online from illegal websites in India or across the world.
Are you searching for availability of Kesari Movie Online? houseofhorros.com has done that for you and providing the details here.
We have also verified that Kesari Full Movie Download is not available on Netflix or Hotstar, Jio Cinemas, Viu.com.
Are you stilling looking to explore illegal websites, you may be committing a crime?
Producers of Kesari movie, who have the rights on this movie have not authorized any of the below-mentioned illegal websites for distributing Kesari. So, downloading Kesari movie from these websites is illegal.
Bolly4u, CoolMoviez, FilmyHit, Extra Movies, Tamilrockers, Issaimani, MoviesDa, Pagalworld, Filmyzilla, Moiverulz, Filmywap, torrent magnet.
We have only provided the above list of websites to educate about the list of illegal websites and request you not to engage in any of these websites.


One Word - Encapsulate the year 2011 in one word. Explain why you're choosing that word. Now, imagine it's one year from today, what would you like the word to be that captures 2012 for you? If you did Reverb10 then bonus points for also re-posting your 2011 word from last year along with how you feel about that in retrospect.
As I look back on this year, it's been full. Hope, family, work, activities, opportunities, challenges. Full. It's been a good full most of the time. When I take a step back and look at what I've done, I can hardly believe it. I feel really and truly blessed.
Much of what I've done in 2011 has been setting the stage for 2012 and beyond. I feel like I'm about to do a very high tight rope walk in a metaphorical sense. It's exhilerating and scary, but I've got my safety harness strapped on tight and even if I slip, I won't fall. I just need to have the courage to take the next steps.
The word I chose last year for 2011 was "Evolving". If I had the opportunity to choose a different word, I wouldn't change it. I think this year was a constant evolution. My work evolved professionally in many ways - even outside of my formal job responsibilities. I think I've evolved personally into a stronger, more confident person. Someone who knows what I want, even if I don't quite know exactly how to get it yet. That will come. I like the changes in me and in my life this year. I like the relationships that have grown and evolved this year.
2011 has been a good year - full of positive evolution.


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TWO-TIME FRENCH OLYMPIAN CYNTHIA VESCAN SIGNS WITH THE PROFESSIONAL FIGHTERS LEAGUE TO MAKE MMA DEBUT
March 18, 2021 PFL
The women's wrestling star is ready to make her mark in the sport of MMA
NEW YORK (March 18, 2021) — Professional Fighters League (PFL), the fastest growing and most innovative sports league in the world, today announced the signing of Cynthia Vanessa Vescan, one of the most talented female freestyle wrestlers in the world. The 29-year old is a two-time Olympian, having represented her home country of France in the 2012 Olympic Games in London and the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Vescan competed in the women's heavyweight category in freestyle wrestling, finishing 12th at the London Olympic Games in 2012 and 16th at the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games in 2016. In 2018, Vescan captured bronze in the European championships.
Vescan began wrestling at the young age of seven, taking after her father and older brother, who were both wrestlers as well. In 2015, Vescan was introduced to the sport of mixed martial arts (MMA), but ultimately could not begin training due to her commitments with the 2016 Summer Olympics.
The Strasbourg native says that she has always enjoyed combat sports, and considers MMA to be the most complete of all combat sports. She will make her highly-anticipated MMA debut with the PFL in the near future.
Vescan aims to make her MMA debut with the same tenacity she had in freestyle wrestling. With the PFL, not only can she test herself against some of the best fighters in the world, but she also has the opportunity to capture one of the most lucrative prizes in combat sports, as well as the PFL world championship.
"I am excited to announce that the PFL has signed Cynthia Vescan, a two-time Olympic freestyle wrestler," said Ray Sefo, President of PFL Fighter Operations. "Adding a fighter of Olympic caliber in Cynthia Vescan further elevates PFL's global reach and international expansion."
"My goal at the PFL is to be the best, compete for the one million dollar prize, and to continue making positive changes in my life," Vescan says. "I still have things to do in sport! I am excited to make my debut in MMA with the Professional Fighters League."
The 2021 season of the Professional Fighters League kicks off with PFL 1 on Friday, April 23rd. Headlining this year's season-opening event will be multiple-time world champion Anthony "Showtime'' Pettis making his promotional debut against fellow PFL newcomer Clay Collard. The PFL's regular season continues on April 29, May 6, June 10, June 17, and June 25.
The 2021 season will also mark the debuts of the likes of Rory MacDonald and Fabricio Werdum, as well as the returns of reigning world champions such as Kayla Harrison, Lance Palmer, and Natan Schulte.
The Professional Fighters League (PFL) presents MMA for the first time in the sport-season format where individual fighters control their own destiny, competing in a Regular Season, Playoffs, and Championship for a million-dollar prize. PFL's differentiated format and exciting fights sparked breakout growth for the league. PFL events are carried live on ESPN2 and ESPN+ in the United States and distributed to 160 additional countries around the world on premium sports networks.
For more info visit www.PFLmma.com and follow PFL on Instagram (@PFLmma), Twitter (@ProFightLeague), and Facebook (/PFLmma).


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In 1932/33 werd het 31ste en laatste voetbalkampioenschap gespeeld dat georganiseerd werd door de Midden-Duitse voetbalbond. Dresdner SC werd kampioen en PSV Chemnitz vicekampioen. Beide clubs plaatste nzich zo voor de eindronde om de Duitse landstitel. PSV Chemnitz verloor in de eerste ronde van FSV Frankfurt en Dresdner SC van Arminia Hannover.

Na dit seizoen kwam de NSDAP aan de macht en werden alle regionale voetbalbonden opgeheven. De Gauliga werd ingevoerd als hoogste klasse en de clubs uit Midden-Duitsland gingen in de Gauliga Mitte en Gauliga Sachsen spelen.

Deelnemers aan de eindronde

Eindronde

Eerste ronde

Tweede ronde

Kwartfinale

Halve Finale

Finale

Externe links
 Euroleagues
 fussball-historie

Midden-Duitse voetbalbond
Duits competitievoetbal 1932/33

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


GT Answers: Why Don't Smartphones Have a Recycle Bin?
GT Answers: Why Don't Smartphones Have a Recycle Bin?
Let's say you're cleaning up your smartphone's storage by removing unnecessary photos and files. You're selecting multiple files and unknowingly you selected an important file and hit the delete button. Well, that's quite unfortunate. The file is gone. But, why? Why can't one restore a deleted file like we do on desktop PCs and laptops using the Recycle Bin? Why don't smartphones have a Recycle Bin?
Well, it's a rare question a smartphone user would ever ask. But, my brother did. He accidentally deleted some useful PDF files on his Android phone. I suggested him to use Dumpster, a nice little app to restore accidently deleted files and also works like a Recycle Bin for Android. But, the question still remains. Why Android or iOS doesn't have an inbuilt Recycle bin?
Well, let's first see how the recycle bin works on a PC.
So, when you delete a file from your PC, it directly goes into the Recycle Bin. The recycle bin is specifically created so that you can restore deleted files. In order to restore the file, the file should still be on the hard disk. Yes, visually your File Explorer will show an increase in free storage space. But, the file is still on the storage.
The recycle bin only stores the file references and pointers on the hard disk. So, when you hit restore on a file in recycle bin, it will be back at the same location where you deleted it. Well, that is why disk cleanup utilities ask you to empty the recycle bin because the deleted files are still taking in the storage space.
Wanna easily manage Recycle Bin in Windows? Here's a tool that will let you do so.
Now, you must have got the hint for the answer.
Well, it's simple. It's because of the limited storage space that smartphones come with. You just can't afford to have deleted files remained in your SD card or your phone's storage.
Users have been yelling and even pleading to their favorite OEMs to increase storage space. Well, some listen and some merciless manufacturers think that users can survive with a 16 GB phone.
So, not having enough storage capability is the simple answer to this question.
Having a hard time in Freeing up some storage space on Android? Here are cool ways to do it easily.
If you think you can survive with a recycle bin on your smartphone then you should definitely opt for apps like Dumpster on Android . Also, you can use cloud services to backup your data. Most cloud services provide a Trash Can feature to easily retrieve deleted files. File explorers like ES explorer on Android also have this feature. Moreover, iOS 8 brought in Recently Deleted option in the Photos app.


We are going to cover a couple different sections of inbound marketing and content marketing; one in the same. Inbound marketing is one of the most important variables of your SEO (Search Engine Optimization) efforts if not the most important.
Be sure to read our 8 Facts About Inbound Marketing if you are looking for the specific details on content marketing.
What makes a good content writing team?
When it comes to marketing, there are two main categories to focus on: inbound and outbound.
Outbound Marketing is extremely active since you send out paid ads to find customers, send them promotions, and basically hope for the best ROI possible. However, it still works.
Inbound Marketing, on the other hand, is much more passive and, thanks to the internet, often just as effective if not more so. And, Inbound Marketing is on the rise.
So what is inbound marketing? Inbound marketing is what you offer on your website and the tools you use to help customers find you. Instead of trying to attract customers with emails and shiny paid ads, you put your stunning content online and optimize it with premium SEO techniques.
Once you develop a premium piece of content and optimize it, search engines will find it. After the search engines find your content, they index it and then let the customers come to you. As your prospects search for the products, services, or information you have to offer, your page on the search engines rank and you get leads.
When you set up content for your inbound marketing strategies, you can choose to put it on static pages or on a blog. You should make ample use of both and one area to capitalize on this is on the side of the blog. Blogging is one of the most useful tools you have in your inbound marketing arsenal. If you need help creating content for your blog, or figuring out what content you need to post to get maximum results, let Front Street Media help you!
Blogging is one of the most useful tools you have in your inbound marketing arsenal. If you need help creating content for your blog, or figuring out what content you need to post to get maximum results, let Front Street Media help you!
Blogging is a method of posting information organized primarily by the date on which it was posted. Effective blog posts can be anything from an explanation of how your product works to a news update on something that is going on in your company.
Blog posts can even give general commentary on recent news that relates to your industry. Blogging is meant to give your users a benefit, something they can learn from or something they can walk away with and use in the future.
You should be blogging frequently – several times a week, if not every day.
At first glance, it would seem that blogs would have a tendency to be disorganized and that the information would be better presented on static pages. So why do we recommend that you upload information as blog posts and that you blog frequently?
The biggest reason is that search engines love blogs.
Search engine bots crawl the static portions of your site every once in a while and now more frequently with Googles Caffeine Update. Your website and business will only get pushed up the SERPS for having new content when the bots notice that new content is up. Blog posts now bump you up in search engine rankings almost instantly.
The new content is available and searchable within moments with Google's core algorithm, and your place on the search results may change just as fast. So if you are looking for quick results on your inbound marketing campaign, make sure to get new blog posts up frequently.
Writing blog posts every day or every couple of days can become quite a burden. It's a good idea to get a talented and knowledgeable content writing team on your side to help you stay on top of your blogging and content posting goals. Here at Front Street Media, we can help you with your content needs and make sure your site always has new and interesting content for your readers to peruse.
When you are looking for a great content writing team, the first thing to look for is whether their articles are interesting, informative, and well written. Remember: the first audience for your content is the real people who will be reading it. If the reading experience isn't good your site won't generate conversions, no matter how search engine friendly it is.
The next thing to look at is whether they are experts in SEO. SEO stands for search engine optimization, and it involves a robust set of skills to make your site rise in search engine rankings. Your content writing team should be able to give you details of their SEO strategy and tell you exactly how they are going to boost your site in the results and convert visitors into leads. They should also be able to show you sites that they have done SEO on, which have impressive search engine rankings.
Here at Front Street Media, we are experts in SEO and user experience in web design. Our content writing team can give you interesting, high-quality content that is optimized to bump your site up in the Google rankings. Give us a call today to find out how we can optimize your content marketing for your company in El Dorado Hills!
Plan your content. Decide what you are going to post, when, and where you are going to put it on your site. Communicate with your marketing team to get a good strategy for your project.
Optimize your content. Check your keyword density and make your content SEO friendly. Run your keywords against Google AdWords to make sure that they're as effective as possible, or switch them out for more effective keywords if needed.
Don't forget your graphics! An attractive picture will catch readers' eyes and increase your click through rate many times over. The graphic design elements of any inbound marketing campaign are just as important as the actual content itself. Keep your graphic design elements up to par and you are sure to grab their attention.
Syndicate, syndicate, syndicate. Share your post on all your social media sites, get other sites to link up to it, and get visibility in as many places as possible.
If you have any questions regarding inbound marketing, content marketing, SEO or conversion rate optimization, contact Front Street Media in El Dorado Hills. We have been in the industry since 2005 and a lot has changed since then. If you are looking to step up your incoming email leads and phone calls, that's what we do.


As is the case in most charities the directors of Shine FM are unpaid volunteers.
Shine FM is founded on a Christian ethos and seeks to reflect God's love by serving the community.
102.4 Shine FM is a community based charity radio station, with a strong Christian ethos. The station broadcasts 24 hours a day to Banbridge town and the surrounding areas in County Down, Northern Ireland and to the rest of the world on the web.
N.B. Although every effort will be made to keep you informed about changes to the above schedule, it is subject to change without notice. Advertised Programme times are DST © 1999-2015 Shine FM Ltd. All Rights Reserved.