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VIDEO: The Big Picture: How We Got Into This Mess, And How Get Out of It
To watch this video on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSlHVZpNxMM
at 11:59:00 PM
Topics: Class War, economy, income inequality, Taxes
If you read the entire GOP tax law, you'll find...
For more cartoons by Ted Rall, CLICK HERE.
Topics: Civil rights, Donald Trump, Hillary, Humor, immigration, racism, Robert Mueller, Taxes
Real Social Security fraud
Topics: budget, Class War, corporate welfare, Medicare, Social Security, Taxes
'This Man Is a Monster'
Trump Under Fire for Dismissing Entire HIV/AIDS Council by FedEx Letter
By Jessica Corbett, staff writer for Common Dreams
In a decision denounced as "dangerous" and "appalling," President Donald Trump has enraged members of the public health and LGBTQ communities by reportedly firing the remaining 16 members of his HIV/AIDS council in letters delivered to them by FedEx on December 28.
Six members of the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA) had resigned in protest earlier this year, as Common Dreams reported, on the grounds that the Trump administration "has no strategy to address the ongoing HIV/AIDS epidemic, seeks zero input from experts to formulate HIV policy, and—most concerning—pushes legislation that will harm people living with HIV and halt or reverse important gains made in the fight against this disease."
Scott Schoettes, a Lambda Legal senior attorney who resigned from PACHA in June, tweeted about Thursday's firings, claiming Trump has "no respect for their service" and warning about what future HIV/AIDS policy may look like under this president:
Topics: Donald Trump, Health, LGBT, Mike Pence, Radical Christianity
Five ways Trump is endangering your life and health - in secret
Trump's Dark Deregulation
By Ian MacDougall for ProPublica
At an event on December 14 to tout his administration's efforts to rid the federal government of what he contends is burdensome red tape, President Donald Trump used oversized gold scissors to cut a piece of red ribbon strung between two stacks of paper.
In short order, he promised, his administration would excise some 165,000 of the more than 185,000 pages in the Code of Federal Regulations.
That's no easy task. Changing federal regulatory laws can mean a congressional slog. And for federal agencies to rescind rules, they must engage in a time-consuming process that opens them to public scrutiny and potential legal challenges.
But there are ways to get around these impediments. Collectively, you might call them dark deregulation.
Here are five techniques being used by the Trump administration.
Topics: Donald Trump, environment, ethics, Health, infrastructure
It Ain't Just Mueller That Could Take Trump Down
By Walter Shapiro / Brennan Center for Justice
As we stumble to the end of the chaotic first calendar year of the Trump administration, the president's critics have fallen into the habit of constantly monitoring American democracy's vital signs.
It's almost as if the nation's political institutions are hospitalized, with nurses bursting in at all hours to announce, "Just checking."
By many reckonings, this has been a bad few weeks for the venerable patient, born 228 years ago in Philadelphia.
The Republican Senate, skipping all committee hearings, rushed through a tax-break bill filled with hand-written corrections without allowing Democrats time to read it. Michael Flynn -- the president's first national security adviser who led chants of "Lock her up" at the Republican National Convention about Hillary Clinton -- pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI. Trump himself retweeted three vicious anti-Muslim videos that originated with a British ultra-nationalist group.
Topics: 2018 elections, Class War, Comey, Donald Trump, ethics, impeachment, polling, racism, Robert Mueller, Russiagate
Pope continues to condemn Trump policies
Pope Francis Appeals for Peace amid Conflicts Supported and Inflamed by Trump
By Julia Conley, staff writer for Common Dreams
With a focus on the impact of war, conflict, and inequality on the world's children, Pope Francis delivered a Christmas Day sermon in Rome's St. Peter's Square on Monday that catalogued a multitude of concerns with policies pushed by President Donald Trump as well as previous U.S. presidents.
The Pope restated his support for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which was inflamed earlier this month by Trump's decision to move the U.S. embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem—implicitly siding with the Israelis in the decades-long dispute over the ancient city.
Noting that children "suffer because of growing tensions" in the region, he expressed hope that "the will to resume dialogue may prevail between the parties and that a negotiated solution can finally be reached, one that would allow the peaceful coexistence of two states within mutually agreed and internationally recognized borders."
Topics: Donald Trump, income inequality, Iraq, military, Pope Francis, Syria, terrorism
Science and your New Year's Resolutions
Fake Science, which strictly follows Donald Trump's order to never be "evidence-based."
Topics: Food, Humor, Science
We now live in an alternative universe
"America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroy ourselves." - Abraham Lincoln
Topics: Affordable Housing, Ben Carson, Betsy DeVos, Civil rights, Donald Trump, Education, energy, environment, Jeff Sessions, Rick Perry
URI to launch Artificial Intelligence lab
Elizabeth Rau
Students across the University of Rhode Island will soon have access to a new laboratory where they can explore research involving robotics, wearable technology, smart cities and public policy.
The Artificial Intelligence Lab, or AI Lab, is scheduled to open in fall 2018 at the Robert L. Carothers Library and Learning Commons on the Kingston campus. The lab is the first of its kind in a college library nationwide, says the lab's team.
The lab will support two complementary goals. On the one hand, it will enable students to explore projects on robotics, natural language processing, smart cities, smart homes, the Internet of Things and big data, with tutorials at beginner through advanced levels.
It will also serve as a hub for ideas—a place for faculty, students and the community to explore the social, ethical, economic and even artistic implications of these emerging technologies.
Topics: Education, Science, Technology
Critics say Trump wine is like Welch's grape jelly with alcohol
One of America's top wine experts brutally reviews Trump Wines
BY BENJAMIN LOCKE
After the Charlottesville protests turned deadly, Trump held a series of press conferences where he infamously made statements equating the neo-Nazis and white supremacists with the peaceful protesters, stoking even more anger.
During one press briefing in particular, Trump took the occasion to promote one of his company's products, Trump Wines, which he said were made in a nearby winery in Virginia, that he said was the largest in the state.
Trump had said that he owned the winery – and he did buy it in a deal that was a huge bargain – but it is now actually owned and overseen by his son, Eric.
That set a journalist from Vanity Fair off on a quest to learn more about Trump Wines and the winery – which he learned wasn't the largest in Virginia – making about 45,000 cases a year, compared to at least two other area wineries that produce 60,000 cases a year or more.
On its website, the Vanity Fair journalist read, Trump's winery said it had "the most acres planted in Vitis Vinifera, the classic species of wine grapes, of any East Coast vineyard," which he learned was also "way off."
Trump, he reports, has 210 acres while Pindar, on Long Island, New York, has 500 acres and produces almost twice as many cases of wine per year.
EDITOR'S NOTE: Trump's winery is in line to get a substantial tax cut under the GOP tax bill Trump recently signed, plus a tax CREDIT of between fifty cents and a dollar per gallon. This amazing subsidy was one of the many goodies lobbyists managed to get tucked into the bill. It's also another one of the many ways the tax bill personally benefited Trump and his family. - W. Collette
Then came the big question: how good is the wine produced by Trump Wineries?
Topics: Business, Donald Trump, ethics, review, Taxes
A look back and a look forward at the big stories on the environment
Environmental justice: What we're watching as the year ends
Brian Bienkowski for Environmental Health News
Last year ended with momentum.
Flint—though still dealing with dirty water— had put environmental justice back on the map. It was no longer a topic tucked into academic papers and progressive media. National broadcasters and newspapers descended on mid-Michigan.
Then the standoff at Standing Rock. Tribes rallied. Then came activists. A large swath of society was simply done being told that dirty energy was the future.
Another interesting thing happened: The disparate justice movements—social, economic, criminal, environmental— started working together.
Then President Trump took office. Led by EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt, the administration has systematically undone environmental protections—and, in doing so, has rolled back progress on stopping environmental injustices.
In a hard hitting op-ed this month, founding member of the EPA's Office of Environmental Justice, Mustafa Santiago Ali wrote: "At a campaign stop in 2016, candidate Donald Trump asked African Americans, "What do you have to lose?"
"After almost a year with him in office, the answer is clear for people of color; we have everything to lose," wrote Ali, now the senior vice president of Climate, Environmental Justice, & Community Revitalization at Hip Hop Caucus.
Among the dozens of scrapped regulations, Trump has overturned rules on harmful pesticides, methane reporting, a freeze on coal leases and the calculation for the social cost of carbon.
More rollbacks are in progress, including: scrapping the Clean Power Plan, water protections, coal ash discharge regulations and various vehicle emissions standards.
Though not yet rolled back—the administration has signaled it will set its sights on mercury emission limits at power plants, regulations at hazardous chemical facilities, and limits on landfill emissions.
The administration has also taken far fewer actions—civil penalties and forced retrofitting to cut pollution—against polluters than previous administrations.
But, believe it or not, there's a whole world out there beyond DC. Here are environmental justice issues at home and abroad that we're tracking.
Topics: clean water, Climate change, Donald Trump, energy, environment, fossil fuel, green energy, hazardous waste, racism
In Puerto Rico, no electricity until May – and Trump doesn't care
Trump isn't actually concerned with grid reliability — just ask Puerto Rico
NATASHA GEILING
During his first year as head of the Department of Energy, Secretary Rick Perry has been almost singularly focused on one thing: realizing President Donald Trump's empty promise to revitalize coal as a power source in the United States.
Perry's crusade for coal began in April, when he ordered the DOE to conduct a study on grid reliability — namely, whether renewable energy was accelerating the retirement of coal-fired power plants and threatening the reliability of the U.S. energy grid.
The study, which was finally released in August, did not find that renewable energy was having that effect, instead pointing to low cost and abundant natural gas as the primary factor in coal's decline.
Nonetheless, in September, Perry followed up the grid study with a proposed federal rule that would effectively subsidize power plants that keep at least a 90-day supply of fuel on site — namely, coal and nuclear plants. In defending the rule before Congress, Perry used the example of a series of blackouts that occurred in Texas while he was governor.
Topics: Donald Trump, energy, fossil fuel, Puerto Rico, Rick Perry
Where the wild Trumps are
For more cartoons by Ruben Bolling, CLICK HERE.
Topics: Donald Trump, fake news, fascist, Humor, Jeff Sessions, racism, Steve Bannon
Yet another blow to the power plant/Charlestown water deal
New Lawsuit Challenges Power Plant's Start Date
By TIM FAULKNER/ecoRI News staff
When will the proposed fossil-fuel power plant be operational? According to the developer, Chicago-based Invenergy Thermal Development LLC, the start date is June 1, 2021. But the list of doubters is growing.
To become a reality, the Clear River Energy Center must be approved by the state Energy Facilities Siting Board (EFSB). That process has been delayed two years by permitting and water-use issues.
Now, a new lawsuit filed by two energy developers claims the project can't meet its already-past-due deadline and wants Invenergy to hold off from selling electricity from the proposed power plant into the power grid.
Topics: Charlestown, fossil fuel, Narragansetts
Don't go there
NO safe ice in Rhode Island yet
DEM Advises Public on Ice Fishing and Hypothermia Safety
The Department of Environmental Management advises anglers and other winter recreationists to be aware of ice fishing and hypothermia safety.
This is especially important now during school vacation and holidays when families will be enjoying the outdoors.
Despite the early cold spell, the Department of Environmental Management says that, as of today, there is no safe ice at Rhode Island state parks.
Topics: Charlestown, DEM, fishing, Health, Ninigret, Weather
VIDEO: It's time to rethink chemical exposures —"safe" levels are doing damage
Is there really a "safe" exposure level?
To watch this video on YouTube" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5QJ6xzjBnw
We've all heard the old adage—"the dose makes the poison." Well—for many pollutants—it may be time to reexamine that.
Some of the most common, extensively tested chemicals — radon, lead, particulate matter, asbestos, tobacco and benzene — appear to be proportionally more harmful to a person's health at the lower levels of exposure, according to a new review of decades of research.
"Not only is there no apparent safe levels or thresholds, but at the lowest levels of exposure, there is a steeper increase in the risk," said author Dr. Bruce Lanphear, a professor and researcher at Simon Fraser University.
The key word here is proportionally—smoking three packs of cigarettes a day for 40 years is obviously worse for your lungs than a little secondhand smoke from time to time. However, the point is that for the nonsmoker exposed to secondhand smoke, the risk is "extraordinarily large," Lanphear said.
Lanphear, a renowned environmental health expert, has for years been a leading voice on how low levels of lead can have big impacts on kids' health.
In a commentary published in PLOS Biology journal he summarizes key research on low levels of exposure to lead and other toxics and argues, in largely ignoring such exposures, most health and regulatory agencies are not fully protecting public health.
Topics: Health, Science
One of Charlestown's favorite tax dodges continues to be protected by Congress
The Billion-Dollar Loophole
By Peter Elkind for ProPublica
EDITOR'S NOTE: In Charlestown, many property owners, including Town Council and Planning Commission members and Charlestown Citizens Alliance leaders, use this tax loophole - click HERE and HERE. So does Donald Trump whose questionable use of conservation easements to avoid millions in taxes at his Mar-A-Lago Florida estate and private club was uncovered just before Christmas. - Will Collette
The idea seems like the perfect marriage of environmentalism and capitalism: Landowners give up their right to develop a piece of property, and in exchange they receive a special tax deduction.
Nature is preserved and everybody benefits.
That's traditionally how what are known as "conservation easements" worked. In California's Napa Valley, for example, a former biology professor and museum director named Giles Mead agreed not to develop 1,318 hilltop acres in 1983 and got a deduction in return. The property, Mead Ranch, features vernal pools and rare and endangered plants.
Two entirely new species were discovered there. Bears, bobcats and mountain lions roam the grounds. Mead allowed groups of hikers, birders, and plant enthusiasts to visit. He sometimes greeted them with glasses of wine from the family's vineyard. Since Mead's death, his daughter has kept the property available to the public.
A growing number of recent easement donations, however, are driven by a more commercial reward — an outsized tax deduction for wealthy investors. Known as "syndications" (or "syndicated partnerships," since they're typically offered in that structure), they're deals orchestrated by middlemen with the goal of big payoffs for all of the participants, many of whom have never visited the land in question.
Topics: aging, CCA, Charlestown, Donald Trump, Open Space, pay less taxes, trees
Fredo in the White House
Here is where Trump's rolling chaos is leading us in 2018
By John Colarusso for THE CONVERSATION
Donald Trump is wearing thin. He is inherently boring. Everything he says or tweets is so familiar, no matter how offensive, that it's hard to pay attention to him anymore.
He generates crisis, offence and chaos every day, and yet he is devoid of information.
He doesn't tell us anything that we haven't already heard.
He is like a political thunderhead giving off rolling thunder, but in his case it is rolling chaos.
Nevertheless, let us examine where this chaos may be heading in 2018. There are signals in the madness that do contain information.
Topics: 2016 elections, Donald Trump, ethics, impeachment, military, North Korea, racism, Robert Mueller, Russiagate, Steve Bannon, Vladimir Putin
Tax cut will create jobs!
For more cartoons by Matt Bors, CLICK HERE.
Topics: Class War, economy, Humor, Jobs, Taxes
Seven more words to ban
Topics: Donald Trump, Humor
Holy Mackerel!
Weekly fish consumption linked to better sleep, higher IQ
Children who eat fish at least once a week sleep better and have IQ scores that are 4 points higher, on average, than those who consume fish less frequently or not at all, according to new findings from the University of Pennsylvania published this week in Scientific Reports, a Nature journal.
Previous studies showed a relationship between omega-3s, the fatty acids in many types of fish, and improved intelligence, as well as omega-3s and better sleep. But they've never all been connected before.
This work, conducted by Jianghong Liu, Jennifer Pinto-Martin and Alexandra Hanlon of the School of Nursing and Penn Integrates Knowledge Professor Adrian Raine, reveals sleep as a possible mediating pathway, the potential missing link between fish and intelligence.
Topics: fishing, Food, Health, Science
From the Mystic Aquarium
No empty nest syndrome here!
December marked the beginning of breeding season for the African penguins at Mystic Aquarium. Every winter, the Aquarium provides its penguins the opportunity to nest at night in a climate controlled location behind their exhibit. The penguin team fills the room to mimic sand found in their natural habitat, and place huts along the walls for each mating pair. Nesting materials are then scattered throughout the room for the penguins to collect and use as they settle in for breeding season.
Why is nesting season so important for our African penguins? With the continued decline in wild populations of African penguins, Mystic Aquarium, along with other accredited zoos and aquariums, are working collaboratively to help reverse this devastating trend. As part of our participation in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) African Penguin Species Survival Plan, this program helps to ensure the healthy breeding population of endangered African penguins.
Click here to learn more about African penguins and the conservation efforts underway to help save the wild populations.
Animal Spotlight: Tyonek update
Back in October, we introduced you to Tyonek, a male beluga whale calf that was found orphaned in Western Cook Inlet, Alaska. Now after two months of around-the-clock care, we are proud to share that he is doing well! Tyonek continues to become stronger each day and has mastered the art of eating from a specially-crafted bottle catered to his needs. To date, Mystic Aquarium has sent five trainers to Seward, Alaska to assist with the care of Tyonek. It has been an awe-inspiring experience for each as they engage in the collaborative efforts to help make Tyonek strong and healthy.
To learn more about Tyonek's ongoing care, read our Beluga Rescue Collaboration blog here.
Did you know you can recycle your incandescent and LED holiday lights? In doing so, you'll help to prevent the toxins and electric cables from entering area landfills. Check with your local municipal recycling location to see if they collect old holiday lights or give your local Home Depot a call - they tend to offer a seasonal trade-in program where you can receive a discount on the purchase of new holiday lights in exchange for your old and damaged lights.
Mystic Aquarium now has an app! Get directions, find events, navigate our campus, learn about encounters and more. Click here to download the app to your phone now.
Mystic Aquarium's Corporate Sponsors
The mission of Mystic Aquarium is to inspire people to care for and protect our ocean planet through conservation, education and research.
www.MysticAquarium.org
Topics: charity, Charlestown, Mystic Aquarium, ocean
VIDEO: The Big Picture: How We Got Into This Mess,...
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Five ways Trump is endangering your life and healt...
Critics say Trump wine is like Welch's grape jelly...
A look back and a look forward at the big stories ...
In Puerto Rico, no electricity until May – and Tru...
Yet another blow to the power plant/Charlestown wa...
VIDEO: It's time to rethink chemical exposures —"s...
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Making the golden years golden for all Americans
Seven dirty words for Robert Mueller
We have been assimilated
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Hedge Fund Nation
Best government money can buy
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Save Rhode Island spotted turtles
Yes, it's about Hillary Clinton
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How to fix broken xmas lights
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The Real Spirit of Giving
Trump's YUGE Christmas Gift to Himself
VIDEO: Trump Christmas Carol
Christmas at the Mystic Aquarium
Don't show this to kids
Enjoy the holidays, but don't forget your fiber
It Won't Be Pretty
Rhode Island joins the resistance to Trump "Clean ...
Merry Christmas from the Republican Party
We are doing this to ourselves
"Sex for fish"
Buy local for Christmas
Growth and fairness are not opposites
Talking taxes with your right-wing relatives.
Bless you, Tiny Tim
No chocolate for dogs!
Peacedale nonprofit wins grants to prepare pets fo...
If we ignore climate change, maybe it will go away...
If The Trump Economy Is Doing So Well, Who Needs C...
Ho, ho, ho
He said it
Can you trust online reviews?
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A Cruel Holiday Gift for Refugee Families
Rhody reacts to Trump tax scam
Exploring the Stupidverse
State action needed to protect internet access
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Too stupid to vote
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Some friendly advice for Trump
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Sweet new solar energy idea
You can see what ails you
TRUMP'S FORBIDDEN WORDS: I just wish George Carlin...
UPDATED: VIDEO: 'Hoo-Boy': Sen. Whitehouse's react...
Charlestown charities win grants from real estate ...
Kitty of the week
South County Ag groups get a boost from DEM
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From the RI Community Food Bank
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Rick Perry Wants To Keep the Coal Fires Burning … ...
Worries mount about Trump's mental health
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Polls show public understands what Trump is doing
Facebook's poison ads


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Artin Bey Tcherakian est un homme politique égyptien ottoman, né à Constantinople le , décédé au Caire en février 1859.

Biographie
Il est le fils de Sukias Tcherakian, frère de Khosrew Bey Tcherakian, époux de sa cousine Catherine Tchérékian, père de Yacoub pacha et de Youssof Artin Bey.

En 1814, il vint au Caire rejoindre son père qui gérait les biens de Toussoun Pacha, fils de Méhémet Ali, puis en 1826 son frère et lui-même furent envoyés à Paris pour leurs études.

De retour en Égypte en 1835, il dirige alors l'École d'administration et de traduction du Caire; la même année, il est nommé membre du grand Conseil. En 1841, Artin Bey est envoyé en mission diplomatique à Paris et à Londres. En l'année 1844, il est nommé ministre des Affaires étrangères, en remplacement de . Malade, Méhémet Ali effectue un voyage en Europe en 1848, accompagné d'Artin Bey.

Deux ans plus tard, Artin Bey est exilé d'Égypte, comme ayant servi Méhémet Ali. En 1852 il retourne à Paris où ses deux fils effectuaient leurs études.

Il est inhumé au cimetière de l'église catholique arménienne du Vieux-Caire.

Collectionneur
Lors de ses séjours parisiens, Artin Bey fut en contact avec le peintre français Antoine Chazal. Au Salon de 1853, une œuvre de Chazal appartenant à Artin Bey fut exposée sous le 247, Groupe de fleurs près d'une source.

Décorations
 Officier de la Légion d'honneur.
 Commandeur de l'Ordre de Saint-Grégoire-le-Grand.
 Grand Cordon de l'Ordre royal de François .
 Grand Cordon de l'Ordre du Christ du Portugal.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
  Rouben Adalian, « The Armenian Colony of Egypt during the Reign of Muhammad Ali (1805-1848) », dans Armenian Review 33, 2 (1980), 115-144.
 Yacoub Artin Pacha, « Artin Bey », dans Revue d'Égypte, Le Caire, 1896,  (lire en ligne).

Liens externes

 Base Léonore
 .

Naissance à Constantinople
Naissance en avril 1800
Officier de la Légion d'honneur
Personnalité ottomane arménienne
Décès en 1859

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Find a great place to stay in Kampong Beting Lintang using the categories below, or search our website for Kampong Beting Lintang Hotels.
Agoda can also help you find things to do in Kampong Beting Lintang. Explore the city, discover important landmarks, points of interest and more!


TableWear's international reputation for innovative, fashion forward custom table designs will enhance and glamorize every event. Our distinctive linens, napkins, tabletop décor and unique chair creations are available for rental or sale.
Copyright 2011 TableWear LLC. All Rights Reserved.


My guest this week is Mikal kHill. He's a North Carolina-based MC and producer, and a member of Thought Criminals and Malibu Shark Attack. We first met when we played a show together in Charlotte, NC in 2011.
He talks about his early solo efforts, and about how being embraced by nerdcore hip-hop fans helped push his career forward. I asked him about his outlook on balancing music, fatherhood and a day job. He talks his new years-in-the-making solo album, and explains why that will probably be his final solo album.
Mike Riley's art this week is an homage to Y'all So Stupid's Van Full of Pakistans. This episode is hosted by Splice Today.
Posted on June 13, 2016 by height keech	Bookmark the permalink.


Cadillac-Jacks has everything you will need for a scene set in the 50s or 60s.
There is a fully functional diner, several restored cars and a 50s motel.
Cadillac Jacks Cafe is fully dressed and has one Rockola juke box, a full kitchen, counter seating as well as several booths with juke box access. Outside, the diner is decorated with era-specific neon lighting. There is also an outside car hop. We have approximately 28 fully restored and functional classic 50s and 60s vehicles for your use as well. Click here to see more pictures of Cadillac Jacks Cafe.
The Pink Motel has seven rooms which have been professionally designed and customized to recreate the 50s and 60s era. In addition, we permit complete remodeling of any of the rooms to fit your specific needs. Click here to see more pictures of the Pink Motel.
Give us a call to schedule your shoot.
We have 28 fully restored and functional classic 50s and 60s vehicles for your use. A small sampling of these vehicles are shown on this site.
The Junk Yard has several 50s/60s cars and is authentic to the era. In addition, our clients have updated the junk yard with vehicles of their own. The entire junk yard can be modified to suit your changing needs. Click here to see more pictures of the Junk Yard.
The entire property can be customized to suit your needs. In the past, we have had entire rooms opened and extended or modified to accommodate a variety of camera angles and other needs.
In all likelihood, you have seen the Pink Motel or Cadillac Jacks Cafe in any of several movies and TV programs. The Pink Motel and Cadillac Jacks Cafe have been used in hundreds of films over the past 25 years.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Call confidentially:
Boy Scouts Files
Documents/Evidence
Learn Your Options
Legal Options
In the past decade, the law in many states has evolved to provide greater protection to adult survivors of child sexual abuse. For example, in Washington state, the legislature passed a special statute of limitations that allows abuse survivors to file a claim up to three years after they begin to understand how the abuse affected them. In doing so, the Washington legislature recognized that most children who are sexually abused do not tell anyone that they are being abused, and it is not until much later in life that people are able to open up and begin to heal. This same rationale is generally why so many states have changed their laws to protect abuse survivors and not those who allowed the abuse to happen.
There are also other laws that allow adult survivors to file claims for what happened to them as children. For example, most Boy Scouts and their parents were told that Scout leaders and volunteers were safe and could be trusted, but in reality the Boy Scouts had known for decades that sexual predators were using the Scouting program to sexually abuse children. Courts in a growing number of states have recognized this massive fraud by the Boy Scouts and are allowing abuse survivors to sue for covering-up the dangers of their program and waiting for decades to finally change their ways.
Not only is the law of each state different, but how it is applied to each claim is also different. For that reason, it is very important that you talk with an attorney who is experienced in these types of cases so they can help you understand your legal options. If you do not contact us, please make sure to contact someone else who has a lot of experience in this area of the law.
If you or someone you loved is coming forward about being sexually abused as a child, it is important to consider talking to a counselor who may be able to help you develop a plan for starting on the path toward closure. While counseling isn't for everyone, in our experience most people find it highly valuable so long as they find a counselor who is a "good fit." If you need help finding a counselor, please do not hesitate to contact us. If we do not know a counselor in your area, we will do our best to help you find one.
Please note: as explained above, every state has a different "statute of limitations" that sets a deadline for filing a legal claim, so while we believe counseling is usually an important part of the process, it is equally important that you talk with an attorney who can help you understand your rights and the deadline that applies to any legal claim you may have.
Supporting Others
Many of our clients have found strength in supporting others as they come forward to address what happened to them as children, both informally and through formal organizations like SNAP. If you survived abuse as a child and want to help others, or want to talk with others, please contact us.
While all of our client contact is confidential, and most courts have historically allowed abuse survivors to file claims using only their initials (e.g., "J.D.") or a pseudonym (e.g., "John Doe"), some people want to tell their story publicly. This can be important for a number of reasons, including holding the Boy Scouts accountable for what they allowed to happen, and giving courage and a voice to other survivors of Boy Scout abuse. If you are not interested in filing a lawsuit, but want to share your story, we can help you achieve that goal.
Boy Scouts May File for Bankruptcy
6,000-14,000 children abused by Scout leaders
Know the Facts? BSA Still Doesn't
Call for Congressional Investigation
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Home Movies What Robert Pattinson's The Batman Suit's Ear Reveals About The Movie
What Robert Pattinson's The Batman Suit's Ear Reveals About The Movie
Rajendra Pal
Robert Pattinson's bat pattern and next year's Batman Kansa style costume may give aficionados some signs about the movie.
Director Matt Reeves recently bestowed the First look of the new Batman suit, but the video was dark and focused primarily on the chest and cowl. Photographs obtained from the film's Glasgow exposed the entire ear, including a pair of ears.
While the heeds of Batman's suits are usually a detailed description, his design for The Batman can say a lot about the film. In previous Batman films, Cowl had some capacitor gadgets in his ears.
For example, in the Dark Knight trilogy, in-year devices allowed Bruce Wayne to focus on interacting at a safe distance from his enemies. Pattison's new Batman ear design, however, draws inspiration from much older designs.
Also Read: Director Andy Serkis offers an update for Venom 2
Matt Reeves gives some idea of what to expect from The Batman, including the fact that Pattinson's Bruce Wayne will be in his second year of fighting crime and is more of a detective than a vassal in the set photos Will work more. Makes sense: the batting seems pieced together as if it were made and modified one section at a time.
Some scenes appear to cover the head, suggesting that it – including ears – is custom-made. It appears less tech-heavy than other onscreen Batman cowls. If this is the case, then the ears may not be capable of communication or long distance listening. At least, not in this film.
Batsuit ears are long and pointed, but this design is unnecessary if they are at home without a gadget. Unless they are more visual than part of an advanced suite. Eventually, Reeves is interested in discovering the beginning of Batman.
Also Read: The Falcon and The Winter Soldier: Release Date, Trailer and Cast Everything You Need to Know
Also Read: THE BATMAN COMMISSIONER POSSIBLE REVEALED IN PHOTO
Even the film's title, The Batman, points to the character's comic book roots; In the early issues of the Dark Knight, his enemies often called him "Batman".
If Matt Reeves is digging that far in the history of Batman, then it makes sense to bring uniformity of costume to the bat as soon as possible.
Already in the Batsuit design, which goes back to 1939, Bruce's cowl showed two comic long ears that came at sharp points. They were more literal translations of the bat subject and were almost indifferent to modern redesigns.
The ear on Pattinson's helmet suggests that the costume is more pronounced at first, such as Tim Burton's bat in Batman. They are less exaggerated, but they stand out.
Also Read: The Batman: Kevin Smith Praises Matt Reeves Over The New Batmobile
Between the design of Cannes and the focus as a detective on Batman, Reeves is making good on his promise to trace the roots of the character.
While Batman acutely may not be an origin story, the Batsuit ears indicate that it will be old school, Batman. The gadget is not yet fully integrated into her sleuthing, and her convertible costume will be in its early stages.
Even though they don't serve a practical function, Kahn put Pattinson into a different Batman era. He is a low-level private eye who has not understood her form – someone who has a lot to do with the first version of the beloved comic cast.
My name is Rajendra Pal and I am a freelance writer. pride me on providing exceptional content. I am pleased to be able to offer high-quality, clear and concise articles or website content on a wide range of different topics. I create fresh, new content for sites in order to polish them and get them noticed by web surfers and search engines. My writing is engaging, compelling and has proven to significantly increase the traffic to websites, increase sales and boost success.
Also Read: Zack Snyder Has Offered The Aquaman Role To Donnie Yen Which He Refused


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Update: Star Wars Rebels Animated Series
At Star Wars Celebration Europe there was a bit of discussion about the new animated series that is to scheduled to premier in Fall 2014. So what was revealed? The Star Wars Rebel logo above was released along with some other art for the show. The colors that were used in the logo are similar to the ones that are used in the rebel's pilot uniform. At the Celebration Executive Producer Dave Filoni discussed the influence of the original Star Wars concept artist Ralph McQuarrie and how it plays into the new design.
Dave Filoni wanted to use Ralph's art as a base for the story and to bring to life the feel of the original trilogy.
"I looked at his paintings, and there are tons of paintings that he did that have never made it to the screen. He had a such a mind of the future."
He went on to say that they had opened up the archives and looked at all his originals, to get the feel of textures and styles that he used.
"We wanted to create a look for this part of Star Wars that precedes A New Hope by just a little bit." He adds "We have created a set of digital brushes that replicate McQuarrie's style…We're going for something that's much more an illustrative look."
While there, Dave Filoni showed off some of the concept art that they had come up with from Star Wars Rebels. They got to see the first look at the ship Ghost, which the main characters will be using. They will also being using Stormtrooper concept art from McQuarial as well as Imperial ships.
The show will take place between Episodes III and IV. It's a time period that's never been shown on screen and it's about the Imperials securing their grip on the galaxy and hunting down the last remnants of the Jedi Order. The show is set to be released in Fall 2014.
July 27, 2013 July 27, 2013 DarthArmikConcept art, Dave Filoni, Disney, Disney Channel, Executive producer, George Lucas, Ghost, Jedi, Lucasfilm, Ralph McQuarrie, Star Wars, Star Wars Celebration Europe, Star Wars Rebel
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text:
Paranerice är ett släkte av fjärilar. Paranerice ingår i familjen tandspinnare.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Tandspinnare
Paranerice


When the Royal Shakespeare Company requests that YOU specifically work on a project for them, then you know you have chosen the right career path.
And it seems that's exactly what Ballymoney student Nicola Clyde has done by following a career in television production in London.
Since Christmas, Nicola has worked at the National Television Awards looking after Dermot O'leary, has gained an internship on the Clare Balding Show and been personally requested by the RSC to work on production for them - all this while studying at university AND holding down a part-time job in a bar.
The former Ballymoney High School student chatted to the Times last week when she was at home in Ballymoney "for a rest".
Nicola studied a BTEc in Media, Television and Film at the Ballymoney campus of the Northern Regional College.
During her time there, her evident talent shone through as she was shortlisted for a Royal Television Society Award - not once but twice.
RTS Ireland shortlisted her for a student drama she produced and the following year, she was a finalist in the RTS NI awards for a documentary.
After NRC, Nicola moved on to study for a BA (Hons) degree in Digital Television Production at the University of Ravensbourne in London.
Now in her second year, Nicola's "lucky break" came when she met a contact in the television industry.
"She got me into This Morning for two weeks during the summer where I worked as a studio runner," said Nicola.
"That means looking after guests, helping the production managers, working in the office in the afternoons doing research etc.
"Eamonn Holmes was just lovely and we had a chat about the Northern Ireland connection.
"After that, the same contact got me work at the NBA Basketball event in the O2 Arena in London for BT Sport and following from that I also worked on the FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Aston Villa.
Through her work with BT Sport, Nicola then gained a ten week internship working on the Clare Balding Show which continues until June this year.
"I am a guest runner on the show which means I look after every guest in the programme. We have three guests per show and I have to meet and greet them, look after them, make sure they get to make-up etc on time and don't get lost on the way to the studio! I just have to ensure that they have a good time while they are in the studio.
To date Nicola has looked after Irish rugby star Brian O'Driscoll, boxers Chris Eubank senior AND junior and champion jockey AP McCoy. "A lovely fella," said Nicola.
In January, Nicola then moved on to work on the National Television Awards.
Anyone who has ever followed a soap such as Coronation Street or Eastenders will know what a high profile event this is in the television calendar.
"I spent two days working in the office, organising transport and taking and receiving bookiong calls. I was looking after Dermot O'Leary and, for example, we discovered that he had an interview scheduled for before the show so I have to rearrange timings etc, organise that and lisaise with his agent over it.
"On the day of the live show, I was working in the O2 arena, labelling seats, escorting nominees and looking after guests. It was brilliant and quite surreal turning around to see the entire cast of Hollyoaks, for example.
Then in February, Nicola achieved her first teleivsion screen credit while working on the popular quiz Celebrity Squares with host Warwick Davies.
"That was just the best five days ever!" said Nicola.
"It was so exciting to get my first TV credit and it will be great for my CV. Once you get into television, it's not about what you know but about who you know and if you make a good impression when you do get a break, you will get more work.
"My mum and dad Christine and Nevin Clyde were very proud seeing my name on the screen too.
"On Celebrity Squares we each got a celebrity to look after. You had to make sure that you got them in and out of hair and make-up on time because if you were late, the timings were ruined as you have a live studio audience sitting there ready.
"On my first day I had to look after the chef Gino D'Acampo and then I got motorcyclist Carl Fogarty.
From TV celebrities to the most esteemed theatre company in the world, Nicola's budding career didn't stop with Celebrity Squares.
She also worked closely with the Royal Shakespeare Company on a project where a live performance in Straford on Avon was streamed out to 240 schhools through the UK.
Starting as a production assistant, the RSC client then asked specifically that Nicola be producer on the next project which was also aired in USA.
She has also recently worked on a Sky Arts programme with comedian and actor Lenny Henry.
"It has been an exciting year," said Nicola who is still studying for her degree.
"I would love to write for the soaps but that is a very difficult industry to beak into so at the moment I am enjoying what I am doing.
"I'd like to express my thanks to my tutors Stephen Price, Stuart Cullen, Robert Skelly and John Mairs from the NRC Ballymoney Campus. Without their teaching, support and advice I wouldn't have gone to London.


It's Feb. 1 and I'm headed back out on the road. I'll be in Alberta this week, then in Ontario for the next two weeks. My calendar gives a feel for my next two months...on the road making new friends and catching up with old ones.
It's been crazy since early December. Our mom died on Dec. 10th. Dad (94) broke his hip on Nov. 22nd...so he was in the hospital at the time. Since then...since then, we've celebrated our Mother's long, happy life. We've sold mom and dad's condo and helped dad move into a new, exciting suite.
This month has been one of honours. The Metis Nation of Canada named me as their first Prime Minister while READ Victoria named me their champion for 2012.
And this is an active time for my writing. Raven's Greatest Creation is a proving to be a hit. Beneath Raven Moon (les Editions des Plaines) is ready to go to press as is Rainbow Crow (Red Deer Press). I'm ready for a long tour and geared up for our annual trip to Paris for the Salon du Livre (in March).
2012 is the Year of the Dragon. I am a Dragon and ready to be carried by the tide of an exciting year.


Many a lease has been lost when the deal comes down to the cost of the security deposit. Most property managers will agree that a high deposit can discourage an applicant as much as rent cost. Suffice to say, the necessary pledge by the resident to keep the apartment fit as a fiddle, once equal to a month's rent, is a smaller piece of the rental revenue matrix nowadays so properties can remain competitive.
With rents becoming more competitive in recent months, it's a good bet that residents will further scrutinize security deposits before signing leases. Already, deposits are not covering bases for properties when damage occurs.
"Deposits have gotten to the point they don't protect the properties anymore, they are so low," says DepositIQ Vice President and General Manager Tom Schickel.
Generally, deposits are below $500 throughout the industry, Schickel says. But a deposit that's a fraction of the monthly rent may hardly cover damaged wood flooring or holes in the wall. As it is now, the turnover cost of an apartment, including rent loss, is from $1,000 to $5,000, according to recent apartment industry information.
Offering a "competitive" deposit is sort of a damned if you do, damned if you don't proposition. The property may have secured the resident over a competitor with a $200-$250 deposit but is risking a big bill to put a trashed apartment back on the market. The deposit is all the property can charge back unless it wants to go through the hassle of trying to collect directly, or use the legal system to recoup additional funds owed.
Then there's the administrative headache of managing the deposits, including following jurisdictional rules on returning them—the time frame and the interest that must be paid plus any penalties for not following the rules.
DepositIQ, recently acquired by RealPage, Inc., is seeing more properties adopt the company's surety bond program that offers residents low move-in fees and gives apartment owners greater protection. A surety bond costs the resident $175 and provides $1,000 in coverage for the apartment in the event of a claim for loss of rent or damages. Unlike a deposit, the resident doesn't get the bond fee back at move out. However, the upfront fees are less than traditional security deposits.
Schickel said apartments offer the surety bonds alongside a traditional security deposit program to give renters an option. The difference is that the surety bond gives the resident a low-cost move-in choice while ensuring adequate coverage for the property if a security deposit isn't chosen.
"The apartment community still has that marketing advantage of offering a low-coast move-in option for the resident without sacrificing protection," Schickel said.
Surety bonds are a marketing tool to allow owners and operators to be more competitive in their respective markets by offering a lower cost move-in option, increase closing ratios and improving retention.


An intricate, gem–like cut. Rich colour. Facets that sparkle, dancing with light. It's not a diamond—it's XIRIUS, Swarovski's most brilliant crystal yet. With exceptional durability and radiance, the XIRIUS fulfils the dream our founder, Daniel Swarovski, began pursuing over a century ago: "a diamond for every woman".
How does XIRIUS shine so brightly, throwing prismatic colour wherever light touches it? It's a combination of our most advanced patented cutting technology yet, X-Cut, combined with the latest lead- and conflict-free crystal glass material, Advanced Crystal, and Silver Mirror Finish, our enhanced foiling technique. The final product resembles a brilliant diamond more closely than ever before. XIRIUS is made responsibly, meeting today's toughest industry requirements—and anticipating tomorrow's.


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Kollafjørður (IPA: , danska: Kollefjord) är en tätort på Streymoy, den största av öar som utgör Färöarna. Kollafjørður tillhör Torshamns kommun, efter att den tidigare Kollafjørðurs kommun slogs samman med denna vid kommunreformen 2005. Trots sin ringa folkmängd sträcker sig bebyggelsen runt 10 kilometer längs fjorden Kollafjørður. Platsen nämns första gången 1584. Den karaktäristiska kyrkan, byggd i trä med grästak, uppfördes 1837. Kollafjørður har en årlig festival som kallas för Sundalagsstevna och som pågår under början av juli.

Vid folkräkningen 2015 hade Kollafjørður 740 invånare.

Befolkningsutveckling

Referenser

Externa länkar

Orter på Färöarna


The World Health Organisation (WHO) says it has developed a guide to tackle all hindrances to early diagnosis of cancer.
The theme of World Cancer Day 2017 is `We can, I can'. It highlights the need for multi-sectoral participation.
In a message released to the Commemoration of the 2017 World Cancer Day on Saturday, WHO called for improved access to treatment of cancer.
The message read: "In anticipation of World Cancer Day, WHO has developed a Guide to Cancer Early Diagnosis, to help effectively address barriers to early cancer diagnosis.
"The guide aims to help policy-makers, programme managers and cancer advocates develop or strengthen programmes that improve early diagnosis and access to treatment.
WHO said it had provided guidance on how to address the cancer challenge through comprehensive cancer control, founded on global coordination and strong health systems.
The UN health agency added that it had helped lead engagement of partner UN agencies and entities, such as the UN Joint Global Programme on Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control.
According to WHO, collaboration is critical to producing a stronger response against the disease that needlessly claims the lives of millions around the world each year.
"New WHO figures released this week indicate that cancer deaths continue to increase. "In 2015, 8.8 million people died from cancer, mostly in low- and middle-income countries,"IL it said.
WHO emphasised that globally, common challenges to cancer control are delays in cancer diagnosis and inaccessible treatment. "Even in countries with strong health systems and services, many cancer cases are diagnosed at a late-stage, when they are harder to treat successfully.
"On World Cancer Day, WHO acknowledges the role of all stakeholders to strengthen coordination and health systems in cancer control, working toward a future of healthy lives for all," it stated.
The World Cancer Day, organised by the Union for International Cancer Control and celebrated each year on 4 February, is an opportunity to rally the international community to end the injustice of preventable suffering from cancer.


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Higher Aims: Striving in Worship
by al-Jumu'ah Magazine
The Salaf have understood the Deen of Allah as well as the essence of this life and its inescapable leading to the Hereafter, so they felt aversion for the distractions and the tribulations of the world. They found no sleep and their heart kept away from desires. They kept above the insignificant concerns of life. Their biographies abound with stories that show their striving in righteousness, repentance and their strong will in worship and humbleness:
Al-Hasan al-Basri said, "Whoever competes with you in the Deen then try to surpass him, and whoever competes with you in the matters of this life then throw it back at him." Whenever he missed a Salah in congregation, Ibn Umar radhiallahu and used to fast one day, pray for one whole night, and free a slave .
Abu Musa al Ash'ari used to apply himself so much in worship a the end of his life that he was told, "Why don't you slow down and be gentle with yourself?" He replied, "When the horses are released for a race and are close to the finish line, they give all the strength they have. What is left of my life is less than that." He maintained the same level of devotion and worship until he died.
Mawriq al-'Ajli said, "I did not find an example, for the believer in this life, better than a man on a plank in the sea, imploring, 'O Lord, O Lord' hoping that Allah will save him."
Usamah said, "Whenever you see Sufyan ath-Thawri, it is as if you see someone in 'a ship fearing to drown,' one would often hear him say, 'O Lord, save me, save me!'."
Fatimah bint Abdil Malik, the wife of the Khalifah Umar ibn Abdil-Aziz said, "I have never seen a person offering salah or fasting more than he did, or a person fearing the Lord more than him. After offering Salat-ul-Isha, he would sit down and cry until he becomes sleepy, then he would wake up again and continue crying until sleep overtakes him."
Amir ibn Abdullah was once asked, "How can you tolerate being awake all night, and thirsty in the intense heat of the day?" He replied, "Is it anything more that postponing the food of the day to night-time, and the sleep of the night to daytime? This is not a big matter." When the night came, he would say, "Remembrance of the heat of hellfire has taken sleepiness from me." And he would not sleep until dawn.
Ahmad ibn Harb said, "I wonder how the one who knows that above him, paradise is being embellished, and below him, hell fire is being kindled, and yet sleeps between them!"
Waqi' said, "Al Amash was almost seventy years old and he never missed the first takbirah (for salah in the masjid). I used to visit him frequently for more than two years and never saw him make up for even one rakah."
Abu Hay an related that his father said, "Ar-Rabi" ibn Khuthaym was crippled and used to be carried to the congregational salah. So people told him, 'You have an excuse (for not coming)', he said, 'I hear "hayee 'alas-salah', the call to salah; so if you can come to it even by crawling, do so," paraphrasing a hadith.
Abul-Mawahib ibn Sarsari said concerning Imam abul-Qasim ibn Asakir, "I have never seen the like of him, and none had encompassed as many good characteristics as he did concerning his adherence to one way for forty years, making salah in the first row unless he had an excuse, i'tikaf during Ramadhan and the ten days of Thul-Hijjah, and the lack of desire to accumulate properties and build houses, as he forbade himself these. He turned away any position of imam or speaker, though they were offered to him, and he devoted himself to enjoin good and forbid evil, and he would not fear anyone in that."


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Manga Pulse 347: Shit Can
June 6, 2016 Weltall	Leave a comment
We often approach these shows terrified that we'll have nothing to talk about. Especially when the manga we're discussing seems incredibly straightforward. Without a jam packed mythos, power levels and ranks to make fun of, a manga can appear rather anemic. Lucky for us, there's always digression and it's in full force within this episode.
Tim reviews Heroine Shikkaku. It's about a girl who appears to have been raised by a pair of shoujo manga who have since taken to vacationing in the alps. She firmly believes that, as a childhood friend of her buddy Rita, she's going to be his one true love. Unfortunately for her, just being friends with someone doesn't guarantee you access to their genitals at a future date. She begins trying to win him over. It, somehow, earns a Crackers.
Weltall then brings Canis to the table. It's about a man who owns a shop and can't seem to keep help around. Matters are made worse y the fact he specializes in hats and a rival is opening a block away. Then he runs across a model who he makes work for him. Also, the model used to be with the mafia but didn't get arrested because he's too pretty to be dangerous. Also, it's a boy love manga and none of that is made up. Weltall sums it up as "manga spaghetti" and gives it a Burn It.
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\section{Introduction}
Recent observational evidence \cite{wmap1,wmap3,wmap5,perlmutter,riess,snls} indicates that the Universe is presently dominated by an intriguing component dubbed Dark Energy (DE). Its gravitational action is to drive the current cosmic acceleration by mimicking a fluid of puzzling negative pressure acting on cosmological scales. Although a huge and still unexplained fine-tuning is still required to reduce drastically the theoretical expectation of the cosmological constant value \cite{weinberg}, nevertheless, this new possible fundamental constant enters the description of the dark sector within the so-called concordance model $\Lambda\textrm{CDM}$ together with the cold dark matter CDM.
But, this model must face a triple coincidence problem: why do we live in an almost flat Universe ($\Omega_T =1$) with roughly the same amount of baryons, DM and DE today
($\Omega_b=0.04\approx\Omega_{DM}=0.2\approx\Omega_{DE}=0.76$)? More specifically, how could the vacuum energy be precisely of the same order of magnitude of other present cosmological components? Instead, the measured amount of DE suggests that it is ruled by some cosmological mechanism such as quintessence or generalised additional fluid components \cite{copeland} whose origin has to be found in high-energy physics. However, one can expect \cite{brax} that the difficulties encountered in trying to overcome the coincidence issues and the related problems in high-energy physics and gravitation will remain as long as DE will be regarded as an additional component \textit{independent} of baryons and DM.
\\
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A possible way out of the coincidence problem could then be in considering a more sophisticated physics for the whole dark sector \cite{amendola,farrar,corasaniti},
for instance by introducing in this sector new long-ranged interactions. The interesting point is then that these novel interactions in the dark sector makes \textit{only} the mass of the invisible particles varying which constitutes a violation of \textit{weak equivalence principle} (WEP). This principle has been extremely well-verified, notably at the $10^{-12}$ level with laboratory masses \cite{su}. However, these tests hold for ordinary matter \textit{only}, while the question of its validity to an invisible sector still remains an open debate, on both observational \cite{kamionkowski} and theoretical \cite{farrar,massd} points of view.
\\
\\
If the WEP does not apply to an invisible sector, then
the \textit{strong equivalence principle} (SEP), that includes the WEP and extends it to gravitational binding energies, also does not hold anymore. It is indeed clear that the gravitational energy of mass-varying invisible matter particles \textit{do not weigh} in the same way than the gravitational energy of ordinary matter particles with constant masses. Therefore, in a mixture of ordinary matter and mass-varying invisible matter, like the large-scale Universe, one should expect to observe an inescapable violation of the SEP. This crucial point has not been investigated in previous works on coupled DM-DE. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework which shows that cosmic acceleration is precisely the observable trace of this SEP violation coming from the fact that the WEP does not apply to the invisible sector of cosmology.
\\
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Our basic assumption is that the invisible sector is constituted by an Abnormally Weighting type of Energy (AWE Hypothesis) \cite{awebi,awe,awedm,awedm2,awedm3},
i.e. the WEP does not apply to the dark sector and has therefore to be relaxed.
Doing so, one must also consider the consequent violation of the SEP as we mentionned above, meaning that the usual laws of gravitation are modified and ordinary visible matter experiences a varying gravitational strength due to the existence of the invisible gravitational outlaw.
In such a framework, it is clear that cosmic expansion is affected and we will show that the observed cosmic acceleration can be accounted for exclusively with this mechanism,
without requiring to any explicit negative pressures.
\\
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The structure of this paper is as follows.
We first build from the AWE hypothesis a tensor-scalar theory of anomalous gravity
that naturally generalises the usual tensor-scalar theories (TST) of gravitation \cite{ts,bd,convts,barrow,damour2}. Indeed, while these TST \textit{only} considered a violation of the SEP, this new framework allows to adequately describe
the modifications of gravitation that are introduced by a relaxation of the WEP, and the consequent violation of SEP. The modified convergence mechanism toward general relativity with standard ordinary matter and an AWE component are studied in the case of general equations of state.
We then relate this modified convergence mechanism to cosmic acceleration.
We also establish there the very general conditions upon which cosmic acceleration can be achieved. We derive remarkable cosmological predictions from the analysis of Hubble diagrams of far-away supernovae that unveils the nature of the abnormally weighting component and the origin of cosmic acceleration.
We finally  use SNe Ia data to constraint the scalar charges of this model
and show an interesting evidence for a new symmetry between the visible and hidden sectors of cosmology.

\section{Cosmological dynamics in tensor-scalar anomalous gravity}
The \textit{Abnormally Weighting Energy} (AWE) hypothesis \cite{awebi,awe,awedm,awedm2,awedm3} suggests an interpretation of DE in terms of a relaxation of the WEP, this last being now restricted to standard ordinary visible matter.
We consider a physical framework which contains three different sectors: gravitation, the common matter (baryons, photons, etc.) and the invisible sector, made of some \textit{abnormally weighting energy}.
The laws of gravitation
have then to rule both the expansion of space-time and the variation of the gravitational strengths that are experienced differently by the two matter sectors \cite{awedm, awedm3, damour,catena}.
From the point of view of visible matter, these different gravitational strengths are not perceptible because the masses of ordinary matter particles are constants as a consequence of the restricted WEP.
However, the masses of invisible particles vary manifestly meanwhile the gravitational strength changes, yielding to cosmic acceleration as we shall see further.
The restriction of the WEP to ordinary matter can be observed through the violation of the SEP, i.e. the changing gravitational coupling that it yields.
This can be expressed in the observable Dicke-Jordan frame by the following action ($c=1$):
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{s_awe}
S&=&\frac{1}{16\pi G}\int\sqrt{-\tilde{g}}d^4\tilde{x}\left\{\Phi\tilde{R}-\frac{\omega_{BD}(M(\Phi))}{\Phi}\tilde{g}^{\mu\nu}\partial_\mu\Phi\partial_\nu \Phi\right\}+S_m\left[\psi_m, \tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}\right]\nonumber\\
&&+S_{awe}\left[\psi_{awe},M^2(\Phi)\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}\right]
\end{eqnarray}
where $G$ is the "\textit{bare}" gravitational coupling constant (reducing to Newton's constant $G_N$ on Earth), $\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}$ is the metric coupling universally to ordinary matter, $\Phi$ is a scalar degree-of-freedom scaling the observed gravitational strength $G_c=G/ \Phi$, $\tilde{R}$ is the scalar curvature build upon $\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}$, $\omega_{BD}(\Phi)$ is the Brans-Dicke coupling function while $\psi_{m,awe}$
are the fundamental fields entering the physical description of the matter and abnormally weighting sectors, respectively. It is assumed here that the fields of the visible and invisible sectors $\psi_m$ and $\psi_{awe}$ do not couple directly (or extremely weakly) so that a direct observation of WEP violation on matter cannot be observed from this channel in any precision test of the WEP.
In this model, the local laws of physics for ordinary matter are those of special relativity (as the matter action $S_m$ does not explicitely depend on the
scalar field $\Phi$) while the abnormally weighting dark sector $S_{awe}$ exhibits a mass-variation (represented by the non-minimal coupling
$M(\Phi)$). The action (\ref{s_awe}) therefore generalizes usual TST \cite{ts,bd,convts,barrow} which consider a violation of the SEP only by encompassing the whole physics of the \textit{equivalence principles} (EPs) violation due to the anomalous gravity of the dark sector. In the following, a $\tilde{}$ will denote observable quantities, i.e. quantities expressed in the Dicke-Jordan frame.
\\
\\
It is insightful
to rewrite action (\ref{s_awe}) in the so-called
Einstein frame where the tensorial $\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}$ and scalar $\Phi$ gravitational degrees of freedom separate into a bare metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ and a screening field $\varphi$. Moving between
the Dicke-Jordan observable frame and the Einstein frame is effected by performing the conformal transformation :
$$
\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}=A_m^2(\varphi)g_{\mu\nu}
$$
together with the identifications:
\begin{eqnarray}
G/G_c&=&\Phi=A_m^{-2}(\varphi),\label{gc}\\
3+2\omega_{BD}(\Phi)&=&\left(\frac{d\ln A_m(\varphi)}{d\varphi}\right)^{-2}\nonumber\\
M(\Phi)&=&\frac{A_{awe}(\varphi)}{A_m(\varphi)}\cdot\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Doing so, the action (\ref{s_awe}) can be rewritten
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{s_awe2}
S&=&\frac{1}{16\pi G}\int\sqrt{-g}d^4x\left\{R-2g^{\mu\nu}\partial_\mu\varphi\partial_\nu\varphi\right\}+S_m\left[\psi_m,A_m^2(\varphi)g_{\mu\nu}\right]\nonumber\\
&+&S_{awe}\left[\psi_{awe},A_{awe}^2(\varphi)g_{\mu\nu}\right]\cdot
\end{eqnarray}
It should be reminded that the observable quantities are not directly obtained in this frame as the physical units are universally scaled here with $A_m(\varphi)$ (the standards
of physical units like meter and second are defined with rods and clocks that are build upon the matter fields $\psi_m$). In particular, the inertial masses of the ordinary and abnormally weighting matter sectors are scaled respectively with $A_m(\varphi)$
and $A_{awe}(\varphi)$ in the Einstein frame, while the Planck mass defines the bare gravitational strength $\bar{m}_{Pl}=G^{-2}$. The AWE hypothesis assumes that the invisible sector experiences background space-time ($g_{\mu\nu}$) with a different gravitational strength than ordinary visible matter, which is formulated
in terms of the nonuniversality of the nonminimal couplings $A_m(\varphi)\ne A_{awe}(\varphi)$, an idea echoing the effective theories of gravitation derived from string theory \cite{damour2,gasperini1,gasperini2}. This nonuniversality of gravitation is therefore a \textit{minimal} violation of the WEP taken as a whole.
\\
\\
Let us therefore study the cosmological evolution of the observed large-scale gravitational strength $G_c$ (\ref{gc}) (see also \cite{awedm,awedm3}). Assuming
a flat Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background space-time $g_{\mu\nu}$ and a fluid description of the matter and AWE sectors $S_m$ and $S_{awe}$, we obtain
the Friedmann, acceleration and scalar field equations
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{friedmann}
\left(\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\right)^2&=&\frac{\dot{\varphi}^2}{3}+\frac{8\pi G}{3}\left(\rho_m+\rho_{awe}\right)\\
\frac{\ddot{a}}{a}&=&-\frac{2}{3}\dot{\varphi}^2-\frac{4\pi G}{3}\left[\left(\rho_m+3p_m\right)+\left(\rho_{awe}+3p_{awe}\right)\right],\label{acc}\\
\ddot{\varphi}+3\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\dot{\varphi}&=&-4\pi G\left\{\alpha_m(\varphi)\left(\rho_m-3p_m\right)+\alpha_{awe}(\varphi)\left(\rho_{awe}-3p_{awe}\right)\right\}\label{kg_awe}
\end{eqnarray}
where a dot denotes a derivation with respect to the time $t$ in the Einstein frame and where $\rho_X$ and $p_X$ stand for the energy density and
pressure of the fluid X ($\equiv$ matter or AWE) in the Einstein frame. These \textit{bare} energy densities are related to the observable ones $\tilde{\rho}_X$ by $\rho_X=A_m^4(\varphi)\tilde{\rho}_X$. Similar relation holds for the pressures.
In the Einstein frame, it is important to notice that there cannot be any acceleration unless one of the fluid violates of the strong energy condition so that $p_i<-\rho_i/3$.
The bare expansion $a$ is then always decelerated $\ddot{a}<0$ in this frame while cosmic acceleration might occur in the observable frame under appropriate conditions on
the scalar field dynamics. The conservation equations write
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
\dot{\rho}_{i}+3\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\left(\rho_{i}+p_{i}\right)=\alpha_{i}(\varphi)\; \dot{\varphi}\left(\rho_{i}-3p_{i}\right)
\end{eqnarray}
and can be directly integrated to give
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{rhos}
\rho_{X} &=& A_{X}^{1-3\omega_{X}}(\varphi) \rho_{X,i}a^{-3(1+\omega_{X})}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\omega_{X}=p_{X}/\rho_{X}$ is the equation of state for the fluid $X$.
In the above equation, $\rho_{X,i}$ are arbitrary constants and
we will denote in the following by $R_i$ the ratio of $\rho_{m,i}$ over $\rho_{awe,i}$ at a given epoch $i$.\\
\\
Let us now reduce (\ref{kg_awe}) to a decoupled equation by using the number of e-foldings : $\lambda=\ln (a/a^i)$ as a time variable. Using (\ref{friedmann}) and (\ref{acc}), the Klein-Gordon equation (\ref{kg_awe}) now reduces to
\begin{equation}\label{dyn_1}
\frac{2\varphi''}{3-\varphi^{'2}}+(1-\omega_T)\varphi'
+\alpha_m(\varphi)(1-3\omega_T)+\frac{(\alpha_{awe}(\varphi)-\alpha_m(\varphi))}{1+\frac{\rho_m}{\rho_{awe}}}(1-3\omega_{awe})=0
\end{equation}
where a prime denotes a derivative with respect to $\lambda=\ln (a/a^i)$ and where the total equation of state $\omega_T$ for the admixture of matter and AWE fluids is $\omega_T=(p_m+p_{awe})/(\rho_m+\rho_{awe})$. The first three terms of Eq. (\ref{dyn_1}) represents the usual cosmological dynamics of TST with WEP \cite{convts,barrow} while the last brings all the information on the WEP relaxation. Obviously, the WEP can be retrieved and the well-known convergence mechanism of usual TST holds in three different cases:
(i) the nonminimal coupling is universal $\alpha_m=\alpha_{awe}$ ($M(\Phi)=1$), (ii) the AWE fluid is relativistic $\omega_{awe}=1/3$ and (iii) the AWE sector is sub-dominant $\rho_m\gg\rho_{awe}$ ($M(\Phi)\rightarrow 1$). This last case occurs for instance during the radiative era when $\rho_m\sim a^{-4}$ while $\rho_{awe}\sim a^{-3}$
for non-relativistic AWE fluid.
In conclusion, the WEP can then be well approximated anywhere the amount of invisible AWE matter is negligible.
\\
\\
When the equations of state of matter and AWE are identical $\omega_m=\omega_{awe}=\omega_T=\omega$, Eq. (\ref{dyn_1}) can easily be reduced to an autonomous equation
\begin{equation}\label{dyn_2}
\frac{2\varphi''}{3-\varphi^{'2}}+(1-\omega)\varphi'+(1-3\omega)\aleph(\varphi)=0,
\end{equation}
with $\aleph(\varphi)=d\ln\mathcal{A}(\varphi)/d\varphi$ with $\mathcal{A}(\varphi)$ the coupling function resulting from the mixing of matter and AWE fluids:
\begin{equation}
\label{biga_w}
\mathcal{A}(\varphi)=A_{awe} (\varphi)\left[R_i^{-1}+\left(\frac{A_{m}(\varphi)}{A_{awe}(\varphi)}\right)^{1-3\omega}\right]^{1/(1-3\omega)}\cdot
\end{equation}
The above equations (\ref{dyn_2})-(\ref{biga_w}) generalize
the results presented in \cite{awedm} for matter-dominated era \textit{only}.
Indeed, during the matter-dominated era ($\omega=0$), we found in \cite{awedm}
\begin{equation}
\label{biga}
\mathcal{A}(\varphi)=A_m(\varphi)+R_i^{-1}A_{awe}(\varphi),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{aleph}
\aleph(\varphi)=\alpha_m(\varphi)+\frac{(\alpha_{awe}(\varphi)-\alpha_m(\varphi))}{1+R_i\frac{A_m(\varphi)}{A_{awe}(\varphi)}}\cdot
\end{equation}
Eq. (\ref{dyn_2}) is completely
analogous to that of a damped oscillator with a variable mass rolling down some potential given by the logarithmic derivative of the resulting coupling function $\mathcal{A}(\varphi)$. Therefore, the convergence mechanism of TST with WEP is preserved despite the violation of WEP. However, this mechanism depends on the relative
concentrations of ordinary matter and AWE. In consequence, substantial variations of $G_c$ (\ref{gc}) are expected on cosmological scales where the invisible component is profuse while on very low scales they will be quite low due
to the very high density ratio of visible over invisible matter.
\section{Cosmic acceleration emerging naturally from tensor-scalar anomalous gravity}
We study here the modifications brought by the AWE component on the convergence mechanism toward general relativity (GR) and how this revised mechanism
constitutes a natural process of the observed cosmic acceleration. Indeed, this acceleration can only be described in the Dicke-Jordan frame of Eq.(\ref{s_awe}), where
cosmic expansion is described by the scale factor $\tilde{a}=A_m(\varphi)a=a/\Phi^{1/2}$ that is measured with visible matter. The Hubble diagram test allows to measure it through
the luminous distance $d_L(\tilde{z})=(1+\tilde{z})\tilde{H}_0\int_0^{\tilde{z}}
d\tilde{z}/\tilde{H}(\tilde{z})$ where the observable Hubble parameter $\tilde{H}(\tilde{z})$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{hubble1}
\tilde{H}^2=8\pi G A_m^2(\varphi)\left(\tilde{\rho}_m+\tilde{\rho}_{awe}\right)\frac{\left(1+\alpha_m\varphi'\right)^2}{3-\varphi^{'2}}\cdot
\end{equation}
The Friedmann equation (\ref{hubble1}) in the observable frame allows us to define the density parameters
of ordinary and AWE matter by
\begin{equation}
\Omega_{m,\textrm{awe}}=\frac{8\pi G A_m^2(\varphi) \tilde{\rho}_{m,awe}}{(3\tilde{H^2})}
\end{equation}
and $\Omega_\varphi=1-\Omega_m-\Omega_{\textrm{awe}}$.
The acceleration equation in the Dicke-Jordan frame is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{acc_obs}
\frac{1}{\tilde{a}}\frac{d^2\tilde{a}}{d\tilde{t}^2}&=&\overbrace{\tilde{H}^2\frac{\varphi^{'2}\left(3\frac{d\alpha_m}{d\varphi}-2\right)-6\alpha_m\varphi'}{3\left(1+\alpha_m\varphi'\right)^2}}^{I}\overbrace{-\frac{4\pi G A_m^2(\varphi)}{3}\left(1+3\alpha_m^2\right)\tilde{\rho}_m}^{II}\nonumber\\
&& \underbrace{-\frac{4\pi G A_m^2(\varphi)}{3}\left(1+3\alpha_m\alpha_{awe}\right)\tilde{\rho}_{awe}\cdot}_{III}
\end{eqnarray}
In the above equation, there are only two terms that can possibly lead to cosmic acceleration: the term I, related to the dynamics of the scalar field, and the term III, in the case where the product $\alpha_{awe}\alpha_m$ would be negative. This term comprises the exchange of scalar particles between visible matter and AWE
and is actually the main contribution to cosmic acceleration (see Figure 1).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig1.eps}
\caption{Observable acceleration factor $q=d^2\tilde{a}/d\tilde{t}^2/(\tilde{a}\tilde{H}^2)$ obtained from the fit to SNe Ia data and its constitutive components from Eq. (\ref{acc_obs}) ($R_\infty=1$, $R_i=0.14$, $k=5.42$, $\varphi_i\approx 10^{-9}$, $\Omega_m^0=0.05$, $\Omega_{\textrm{awe}}^0=0.24$,
$\chi^2/\textrm{dof}=1.06$ on SNLS data set, $\chi^2/\textrm{dof}$($\Lambda$CDM)=$1.05$) } \label{fig1}
\end{figure}

In this figure, we have plotted separately the terms I, II and III (divided by $\tilde{H}^2$) together with their sum that
gives the observable acceleration factor $q=d^2\tilde{a}/d\tilde{t}^2/(\tilde{a}\tilde{H}^2)$ accounting for SNLS supernovae data \cite{snls}. From these data, it appears that only the term III is positive and is the main contribution to $q$ at late times. Cosmic acceleration requires $\alpha_{awe}\alpha_m<0$ or, equivalently, that
the scalar coupling strengths $\alpha_i$'s in Eq.(\ref{aleph}) have to be of opposite signs. In other words, the matter and AWE coupling functions should be inversely proportional:
\begin{equation}
\label{as}
A_{awe}(\varphi)=A_{m}^{-R_\infty}(\varphi)
\end{equation}
where $R_\infty=\rho_b/\rho_{awe}(t\rightarrow\infty)$ is the ratio at which baryons and AWE densities freeze once the scalar field reaches the attractor $\varphi_\infty$.
This parameter $R_\infty$ also measures the (absolute value of the) ratio between the opposite scalar charges of ordinary matter (baryons) and AWE related to the new interaction mediated by $\varphi$.
\\
\\
The shape of the effective potential Eq.(\ref{biga}) during the matter-dominated era on which the scalar field rolls in Eq. (\ref{dyn_2}) looks like the shape of mexican hat illustrated in Figure 2a. It has one unstable equilibrium at $\varphi=0$ corresponding to GR with bare gravitational strength $G$ and another stable equilibrium $\varphi_\infty$ where the theory is similar to GR but with a greater value of the observed gravitational strength $G_c=G A^2_m(\varphi_\infty)$ (\ref{gc}). The gravitational coupling starts from rest at the CMB epoch near the bare value corresponding to GR, unstable in the matter-dominated era, and accelerates downward the minimum on the right.
This accelerated growth makes background space-time expansion appearing stronger and stronger, therefore reproducing DE effect. When the coupling settles into the miminum, gravitation on large-scales resembles to GR but with a stronger coupling. This mechanism depends on the relative concentration of baryons and AWE, as shown here by the values of the parameter $R_i=\rho_b/\rho_{awe}$ at CMB, and fails to depart from GR when the amount of AWE is negligible ($R_i>1$). On Figure 2b, the reader will find the modification
of the shape of the effective coupling function $\mathcal{A}(\varphi)$ Eq. (\ref{biga_w}) that follows from a variation of the equation of state parameter $\omega$ shared
by the ordinary matter and AWE fluids. Starting from $\omega=-1$ where the shape of the effective coupling function $\mathcal{A}(\varphi)$ for the admixture is close to that of the matter one $A_m(\varphi)$, the mexican hat shape progressively settles when $\omega$ increases. When the fluids are relativistic $\omega=1/3$, the effective coupling function becomes singular, as these fluids decouple from the scalar field in Eq.(\ref{dyn_2}). Finally, for ultra-relativistic fluid $\omega>1/3$, the shape of the effective coupling function $\mathcal{A}(\varphi)$ approaches the one of $A_{awe}(\varphi)$ that has no global minimum and forces a departure from GR that can only be stopped by a decrease of the equation of state. This changes in the effective coupling function are particularly promising for building an inflation mechanism
where ordinary matter and AWE are constituted, for instance, by massive scalar fields.
However, this topic goes well beyond the scope of the present work and is left for future studies.

\begin{figure}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig2a.eps} &
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig2b.eps}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Effective potential for the dynamics of the gravitational coupling in the matter-dominated era (left panel) and for different
values of the equation of state parameter $\omega$ (right panel)  \label{fig2}}
\end{figure}

\section{Observational predictions of tensor-scalar anomalous gravity}
Challenging the cosmological observations with our new theoretical framework will allow us to unveil the nature of the AWE component.
To this end, we need to specify the coupling functions to be used in computing the scalar field dynamics and the cosmological observables.
From the above discussion in previous section, we need the coupling functions to AWE and matter to be reciprocal and a coupling function to matter with a global minimum.
This ensures both the existence of GR-like attractors in the modified cosmological convergence mechanism while staying compatible with tests of the SEP \cite{convts,gef}.
Without loss of generality, we can consider the following well-known parameterization for the couplings $\alpha_{m,awe} (\varphi)$ \cite{convts,awedm,awedm3,gef2,gef}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\{
\begin{tabular}{l}
$\alpha_m(\varphi)=k\varphi$\\
\\
$\alpha_{awe}(\varphi)=-R_\infty k\varphi$\\
\end{tabular}
\right.
\label{couplings}
\end{eqnarray}
where $k$ is the coupling strength to the gravitational scalar. A natural assumption of nonminimally coupled theories of gravitation is to consider this strength $k$ of order unity, namely that the coupling to scalar gravitational mode $\varphi$ has the same amplitude than those of the tensorial ones $g_{\mu\nu}$.
Doing so, there are three free parameters
in this model: (i) the relative amount of matter and AWE at start $R_i=\rho_m/\rho_{awe}(a_i)$), (ii) the parameter $R_\infty$ in Eq.(\ref{as}) and (iii) the value of the scalar field at start, $\varphi_i$, which illustrates the departure from GR at the end of the radiative era.
From there, the cosmic contest between AWE and ordinary matter for ruling the EP begins and the cosmological value of $G_{c}$ is slowly pushed back from GR, provided it did not start rigorously from GR value, before falling toward the attractor whose position depends on the relative concentrations of baryons and AWE (see also Figure 2). As long as $G_{c}$ (\ref{gc}) increases, ordinary matter
couples more and more strongly to the background expansion which therefore appears accelerating to visible matter observers. \\
\\
In order to proof the adequacy of the AWE hypothesis, we have performed statistical analysis of Hubble diagram data of far-away supernovae \cite{riess,snls}.
This model predicts the following density parameters for ordinary matter and AWE as well as for the age of the Universe : $\Omega_m=0.05^{+0.13}_{-0.04}$
($\Omega_{m}=0.06^{+0.08}_{-0.05}$), $\Omega_{\textrm{awe}}=0.22^{+0.11}_{-0.05}$ ($\Omega_{\textrm{awe}}=0.20^{+0.08}_{-0.06}$),
($\Omega_{\varphi}=1-\Omega_{m}-\Omega_{\textrm{awe}}$)
and $t_0=13.1^{+0.6}_{-0.4}Gyr$ ($t_0=14.1^{+1.02}_{-0.55}Gyr$) at the 95\% confidence level for HST (SNLS) data sample ($H_0=70km/s/Mpc$ for the estimation of $t_0$).
These results strongly suggest to identify ordinary matter to baryons, AWE to DM and the dynamics of the scalar field $\varphi$ to a DE component.
Doing so, the predicted amount of baryons is consistent with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and CMB constraints \cite{wmap1}.
These cosmological predictions look remarkably similar to the predictions of the concordance model $\Lambda$\textrm{CDM}
although they are obtained from the Hubble diagram \textit{alone}, i.e. from the homogeneous dynamics of the Universe, which
is an outstanding achievement of the AWE hypothesis.
Indeed, the $\Lambda\textrm{CDM}$ is only able to predict the total amount of pressureless matter
($\Omega_{b}+\Omega_{DM}$) from the same cosmological test and requires a cross-analysis, for instance of the CMB anisotropies, to break this degeneracy.
In the present case, the Hubble diagram becomes a fully independent test whose results are, in addition, consistent with WMAP constraints \cite{wmap1,wmap3}. Figure 3 illustrates the confidence regions in the plane ($\Omega_{b}$, $\Omega_{awe}\equiv\Omega_{DM}$) with the parametrization of the previous coupling function. As well, we can measure, with supernovae data alone, the relative amount of baryons and AWE (i.e., DM according to the above identifications) at the beginning of the matter-dominated era (represented by the ratio of their densities at that time $R_i=\rho_b/\rho_{DM}$(CMB)).
We find $R_i=0.21^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ ($R_i=0.22^{+0.13}_{-0.07}$) at the 68\% confidence level for HST (SNLS) data sample.

\begin{figure}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{fig3a.eps} &
\end{tabular}
\caption{68\% (inner) and 95\% (outer) confidence contours of the density parameters associated to ordinary and AWE (dark matter) ($\Omega_b$ and $\Omega_{DM}$, respectively)
for HST (green) and SNLS (blue) supernovae data sets.  \label{fig3}}
\end{figure}

In Figure 4,
we give a comparison between the observable scale factors accounting for supernovae data predicted by the present model specified by (\ref{hubble1}), (\ref{acc_obs}) and (\ref{couplings}) and the concordance model. Both cosmic expansions remains almost undistinguishable until the Universe reaches about twice its present size. Then, while the cosmological constant endlessly dominates
the Universe and drives an eternal exponential expansion, the AWE hypothesis suggests that baryons and AWE enter the final stage of their contest to rule the EP. This ultimate episode begins with the fall of the gravitational coupling into the attractor of Figure 2 which makes the scale factor oscillating. An equilibrium asymptotically establishes where baryons and DM do equally weigh (for $R_\infty =1$) and gravitation on large-scales is correctly described by GR with a different value of the coupling.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fig4.eps}
\caption{Comparison between the cosmic histories predicted by the AWE model in the Dicke-Jordan frame and the concordance model $\Lambda\textrm{CDM}$.\label{fig4}}
\end{figure}
\section{A Mach-Dirac Principle for gravitation}
The mass-variation of the AWE, which consists on a violation of WEP between visible and invisible sectors,
implies a compulsory violation of the SEP. This reasoning on the equivalence principles links together two old but crucial ideas in gravitational physics: Mach's principle and Dirac's hypothesis. Mach's principle \cite{bd} was one of Einstein's main inspiration \cite{pais} when he conceived GR and posits that inertia and acceleration are relative and should therefore be refered to distant matter. In particular, Mach advanced that inertial masses could only be defined with respect to the entire matter distribution in the Universe. The other key idea is the hypothesis of varying observed gravitational strength $G_c$ (\ref{gc}) that Dirac formulated \cite{dirac} in order to justify some puzzling numerical coincidences between cosmological and quantum numbers. Here we show that the AWE hypothesis can merge into a \textit{Mach-Dirac principle} these thoughtful ideas by identifying the machian mass variation of AWE as the source of Dirac's varying gravitational strength. \\
\\
Indeed, a new remarkable feature of this model is that, besides of its cosmological predictions, it gives a hint on a new relation between microphysics and gravitation.
This is expressed in terms of the gravitational strength $G_{c}$ (\ref{gc}) and DM mass $m_{{DM}}\equiv \bar{m}_{DM} M(\Phi)$, where $\Phi(x^\mu)$ is the dimensionless space-time dependent
coupling, $G_{N}$ is Newton's constant and $\bar{m}_{DM}$ is the DM mass that would be measured in Earth-based laboratories.
To obtain the cosmological evolution described above (see also Figure 2), we have seen that the gravitational coupling $G_{c}$ and the DM mass-scaling must be inversely proportional (see Eq.(\ref{as}) and \cite{awedm,awedm3}), which also means that ordinary matter and AWE must have opposite scalar charges.
In terms of the dimensionless coupling $\Phi$, we therefore have:
\begin{equation}
M(\Phi)=\Phi^{\frac{1+R_\infty}{2}}
\end{equation}
where $R_\infty$ is also the ratio $\rho_{m}/\rho_{awe}(t\rightarrow\infty)$ at which baryons and DM densities freeze into the above-mentionned attractor (see Figure 2).
From the cosmological data on supernovae, we find $R_\infty=1.23^{+0.96}_{-0.67}$ ($R_\infty=1.35^{+1.11}_{-0.85}$) at the 68\% confidence level for HST (SNLS) data sample. The measured value of $R_\infty$ close to unity indicates that the scalar charges of ordinary matter and DM are \textit{exactly} opposite.
Indeed, $R_\infty=1$ implies that $\alpha_m(\varphi)=-\alpha_{awe}(\varphi)$ ($A_m(\varphi)=A_{awe}^{-1}(\varphi)$ ; $M(\Phi)=\Phi$) which constitutes
a hint to a possible new symmetry between the hidden and visible sectors. In other words, this value of $R_\infty$ also points to an intriguing relation between the constant mass of baryons $m_b$ and the changing DM $m_{DM}$ and observed gravitational strength $G_{c}$ (\ref{gc}):
\begin{equation}
G_c(x^\mu)\; m_{b}\;m_{DM}(x^\mu)=G_{N}\; m_{b}\;\bar{m}_{DM},
\label{md}
\end{equation}
where the bar means the Earth laboratory value.
This dimensionless relation is frame-independent and imposing $R_\infty=1$ is the only way of constructing a constant ratio
between the masses of the particles from the visible and invisible sectors and the Planck scale. Although this relation does not fix the bare mass of DM, it rules its scaling by imposing a conservation of the product of the gravitational \textit{charges} of baryons and DM.
This important phenomenological law, directly deduced from cosmological data and linking together gravitational scales and masses of visible and invisible matter glimpses at the intimate nature of gravitation. The deep meaning of Eq.(\ref{md}) constitutes a crucial question for the many fundamental approaches that aim to unify gravity and microphysics with
explicit space-time dependancies of masses and couplings \cite{ashtekar,connes,gasperini1,gasperini2}.
\section{Conclusion}
Arising from a critical discussion on the equivalence principles, the AWE Hypothesis leads to a new elegant theory of gravitation
for dealing with the invisible sector, \textit{tensor-scalar anomalous gravity}, that glimpses beyond GR.
Applying this theory to cosmology allowed us to successfully explains \textit{cosmic acceleration} in terms of the anomalous gravity arising as a feedback of \textit{dark matter} mass variation. Doing so, this suppresses the need of an independent additional DE component with an almost intractable coincidental dominance.
But this interpretation of DE also offers to physicists new observational and theoretical challenges.
The existence of an abnormally weighting type of energy, that one can identify to DM from the results presented here, not only affects the background expansion, at the opposite of minimally coupled models of DE, it also modifies gravitational physics on large-scales where DM is profuse.
This offers new perspectives to test the nature of DM, and indirectly of DE itself.
The theoretical challenge lies in explaining why the gravitational energy scale, i.e. the Planck mass, would change
with the inertial mass of DM particles, as dictated by Eq. (\ref{md}). This Mach-Dirac principle is intimately linked to an enticing new symmetry between the visible and invisible sectors: the exact oppositeness of their scalar charges. The existence of such a long-ranged fifth force mediated by a scalar exchanged between the opposite charges of the visible and invisible sectors, can be hoped to be established in local experiments \cite{kaloper,chameleon2}.
If the AWE hypothesis really constitutes the \textit{missing link} between dark matter and dark energy, then elucidating the intimate nature of gravitation could be closer than ever.

\bibliographystyle{aipproc}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Q: Transform matrices with Matrix.CreatePerspectiveOffCenter in XNA: vanishing point to center I'm trying to get the following perspective of view:
In essence I'm doing a 2D game with some 3D graphics so I switched from Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter to Matrix.CreatePerspectiveOffCenter
I have drawn a primitive and by decreasing it's z-index it goes further away, but it always vanishes in direction of the (0, 0) (top-left), while the vanishing point should be the center.
My transform settings now look like this ((640, 360) is the center of the screen):
basicEffect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveOffCenter(0, graphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, graphicsDevice.Viewport.Height, 0, 1, 10);
basicEffect.View = Matrix.Identity * Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(640, 360, 1), new Vector3(640, 360, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
basicEffect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(0, 0, 0);

I can't get the vanishing point to the center of the screen. I managed to (sort of) do it with CreatePerspective view but I want to keep using CreatePerspectiveOffCenter because I can translate normal pixel positions easily to the 3D space. What am I missing?

A: In the end I used the following. If you're looking for a solution to create a 3d view with a '2D feel' this might come in handy. With these translations a z-index of 0 exactly matches the screen's width and height and the vanishing point is in the center of the screen.
basicEffect.Projection = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView((float)Math.PI / 2f, 1, 1f / 1000, 1000f);
basicEffect.View = Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 1f), new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
basicEffect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(0, 0, 0);

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