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An Interview with Jerry Coe
Jerry Coe: I don't know that I could be of any help to you.
Kliph Nesteroff: But you did have your own act - years ago...
Jerry Coe: Years ago I was in a team. I tell you, it was such a brief interlude.
Kliph Nesteroff: If we could schedule a time for an interview...
Jerry Coe: I don't think it's something we should pursue at this point and time. I appreciate your interest. I'm sure you've got enough material already based on who you've already talked to. Did you find Shecky down in Florida or California?
Kliph Nesteroff: He's back living in California.
Jerry Coe: I'm from the era of Shecky Greene and Sammy Shore. Shecky's wife... her father was Vido Musso. You may or may not remember him as a top jazz artist. He was with Stan Kenton and was one of the head arrangers. We were Chicago kids. I worked as a team for four or five years and then did a single. We were the very tail-end of vaudeville. We did play a couple of vaudeville houses. Anyway, I wish you the best of luck and...
Kliph Nesteroff: Chicago was a bit of a hotbed. Shecky Greene, Sammy Shore, Jack E. Leonard, Danny Thomas, George Gobel...
Jerry Coe: Yes. Joey Bishop, of course, got his legs there at a club. They adopted him and he went directly from the Vine Gardens in to the Chez Paree in Chicago and onto The Copa in New York.
Kliph Nesteroff: Which was unheard of, right?
Jerry Coe: Yes. A big jump. He was a very talented guy. I read a little bio of his a few months ago from the Vine Gardens. A long, narrow, little room with mirrors. He used to play the mirrors off the audience and do a very funny bit.
Kliph Nesteroff: And what was your comedy team...
Jerry Coe: We went from comedy to tragedy, basically. The stuff that we did... it was unfortunate timing for us to become a team. At the time Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis were coming into their own, so it had its trials and tribulations, but we were a good opening act. We traveled with Sophie Tucker and Vic Damone.
Kliph Nesteroff: Who was your partner?
Jerry Coe: A fellow by the name of Dick Lynn. Yes, I think he stayed with it after I retired.
Kliph Nesteroff: I regularly speak with a man of that era - Jack Carter.
Jerry Coe: Oh, well, that should be a wealth of material if you're talking clubs and vaudeville.
Kliph Nesteroff: Yes, I keep discovering new layers of his career. He started in 1941 and he's still acting. He has a recurring role on a new TV show now.
Jerry Coe: And you've hit up Norm Crosby? Pat Cooper?
Jerry Coe: I'm sorry you never got to meet Mickey Freeman. He was wonderful. His claim to fame was as Zimmerman on the Bilko show.
Kliph Nesteroff: I'm trying to track down Mickey Deems.
Jerry Coe: There was quite a crew around. Herkie Styles.
Kliph Nesteroff: Sure, the drummer turned comic.
Jerry Coe: Yeah, who was the other drummer turned comic that just passed away? He used to do the...
Kliph Nesteroff: Charlie Callas.
Jerry Coe: Charlie Callas. Very funny man.
Kliph Nesteroff: Yes, I was scheduled to interview him and then he passed away the week of the interview and we never got the chance. Same thing happened to me with Hal Kanter.
Jerry Coe: Are you domicile in New York?
Kliph Nesteroff: No, Canada.
Jerry Coe: (laughs) Canada - and you were talking to Bobby Ramsen?
Kliph Nesteroff: Bobby is great. He had a very slight career, but he seems to have absorbed every story in the history of show business.
Jerry Coe: One of the things I learned early on because of the timing and our exposure to these upholstered sewers was that talent was not necessarily the criteria for success. In working bills with Sophie Tucker and Billy Daniels and Vic Damone - there were shows where you had different acts who were in varying stages of success - or lack thereof. It reached the point where it was like the story of Willy Loman. It was too late for them to channel into a different area. Early on I felt that I was pretty squared, I had a wonderful exposure and I had a wonderful education, but I would have to channel into another direction once I decided to take route and settle down. Which is exactly what I did. I married a gal from Boston and went from comedy into the securities business in 1955 and that was a forty year gig. I had five years of working professionally as a comedian and then just as an appreciator of acts - which is one of the reasons I joined the Friars Club. But I just left it because one of the reasons I had joined - does not exist anymore. The Hennys are gone. The Alan Kings are gone. You have Freddie Roman and Stewie Stone, but c'mon. That's not what I joined the club for (laughs).
Kliph Nesteroff: (laughs) Jerry, just as we've been speaking here, I have found something. Wednesday, September 14, 1949 - The Vine Gardens in Chicago. Jerry Coe and Dick Lynn with Dolly Kaye, Susan King and the Mel Cole Orchestra.
Jerry Coe: Oh, well, where in the hell did you dig this up?
Kliph Nesteroff: I just have it right here in front of me.
Jerry Coe: But where? How do you access this?
Kliph Nesteroff: I just know how and that's all I have to say.
Jerry Coe: Goddammit (laughs). I got a chill just listening to it.
Kliph Nesteroff: There was another Jerry Coe on the circuit before you and his name keeps coming up. He was a tap-dancing accordion player.
Jerry Coe: Oh, that's funny.
Kliph Nesteroff: "Jerry Coe and Dick Lynn are a couple of youngsters fresh from Chicago's borscht circuit who need more experience for niteries. Lads have ingratiating personalities and obvious ability, but routines are rehashes of current comedics rather than their own stuff. Satires on radio programs provide yocks and showcase their imitative vocal efforts. Stuff needs pruning."
Jerry Coe: That was our first nightclub date. That was the first night. Irv Kupcinet, the columnist, was a great booster and encouraged us a great deal. Then we wound up doing material that we wrote and some that we bought. Paul Gilbert. Do you remember that name?
Jerry Coe: Oh, he was a great comedian and entertainer. Multifaceted. As a matter of fact he wound up doing a movie with Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. His daughter is an actress. Melissa Gilbert. He sold us a piece of material. Something I haven't thought about in a hundred years - there was a writer out of New York. His name was Sid Shaw. He came to Chicago the second time we played the Vine Gardens. He observed our material and came up with a bit he thought would be terrific for us. It was called I Hated the Book, I Knew I'd Hate the Movie. It was a take-off on best-sellers that were made into movies.
We did a scene from Going My Way, which encompassed a lot of opportunity for us to do shtick. The Lost Weekend. The gimmick in this bit was that they finally ran out of best-sellers in Hollywood so now they were making movies out of technical books. So we did a scene from a tennis guide for beginners. The Type Writer Manual starring Marsha Hunt, Gregory Peck and Evelyn Keyes. Hunt. Peck. Keyes. It got a lot of intellectual nods, but not a lot of laughs. I tell you this because Kupcinet, whenever there was a benefit to be done, he would make a call to every act in the city and they would do whatever they could for free between their normal shows.
We were called and brought our piano player to this hotel. We preceded to do this bit of material I Hate the Book. In the middle of this self-contained piece of shit, everyone's head went to the left and there was Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. They had just come in from the Chez Paree and they're waiting to go on after us. We were standing there with flop sweat. We finally got off to a mediocre response. Jerry went up to the mic. He said, "A year ago nobody knew us. Now I just say, 'Nyeah!' and everyone falls on the floor. When we came in tonight there were two young fellas that are just starting out and I think they do a terrific job." We came out, polished their shoes, kissed them and walked off.
Kliph Nesteroff: That's great.
Jerry Coe: Now, in New York we had just got through playing a big club with Sophie Tucker. We meet this comic who is doing a game show - George DeWitt.
Kliph Nesteroff: Yeah.
Jerry Coe: DeWitt says, "I've heard of you guys. I've really got a bone to pick with you. You stole my material." I said, "We stole your material!?" He says, "Yeah, I Hated the Book, I Knew I'd Hate the Movie." I said, "Did you buy this material from Sid Shaw?" He says, "Yeah!" I said, "So did we."
Kliph Nesteroff: You guys were signed by Shecky Greene's manager - Al Borde.
Jerry Coe: Yes, that's a funny story too. We were signed by Al Borde and then there was a gal I was seeing at that time who wanted us to go with Freddy Williamson and Joe Glaser. Glaser had Sugar Ray Robinson, Louis Armstrong and Bob Hope. Through some shenanigans with AGVA at the time, they canceled the Borde contract because we had both been underage when we signed it, so we went with Fred C. Williamson and Joe Glaser.
Kliph Nesteroff: What were some venues that you would have played in Chicago other than the Vine Gardens?
Jerry Coe: Basically it was the Vine Gardens. The rest of them - we had a tremendous following of people that went to what was comparable to the Borscht Belt in Wisconsin. Oakton Manor. We had a big following of people from Toronto, Chicago and places in Wisconsin and what have you. The only club we played was the Vine Gardens. The rest were all [one-nighter] club dates. We went on the road and came east. We were ready to go to Vegas when I got called into the navy. When I wound up doing a single, they were looking for someone to do a single in a show called Meet Your Navy.
Going through boot camp, they kept me there and put me in special services. We did a show and it was a big deal for me. Did it for two years. I was living at home, commuting to Great Lakes, Illinois and I did a show a month using recruit talent coming through the base. I combined it with professional acts I brought in from Chicago. I had Cugat, Vaughn Monroe, The Step Brothers, anyone that was coming thourgh
Kliph Nesteroff: What kind of club dates in Florida?
Jerry Coe: The hotels. The Sherry Frontenac and the Sans Souci. Wherever there was a night open.
Kliph Nesteroff: That was a hot area back then.
Jerry Coe: Oh, yes. The neighborhood now that is all walkers and senior citizens was really a hopping place. A lot of things going on. As a matter of fact, Jack Carter was playing a club there and he was rapid fire. I think Rickles was there at the time. And Gene Baylos. People used to say I looked like a young Gene Baylos. I didn't know what to say about that. I don't think Gene Baylos ever looked young.
Kliph Nesteroff: What was Sophie Tucker like to work with? I hear she could be very tough...
Jerry Coe: She was very, very, very difficult. We played the Town Casino in Buffalo, New York, which had a stage larger than most of the clubs we had ever been in. We got big responses. The first two weeks we were there we did it with Vic Damone. They held us over with Tucker because we were doing so well. Harry Altman was the owner of the club. My partner Dick Lynn was a heavyset visual comic and he did a take-off on Sophie Tucker.
Altman came and said, "Look, we love you guys and you're staying over - but cut the Tucker bit. I don't want problems with this bitch because if she doesn't like it then I'm gonna hear about it." I said, "It's not done in a mean-spirited way. There's nothing she could take offense!" He said, "Please do me a favor and cut the fucking thing. Just take your money and do your act." I came to the club the day Ted Shapiro, her accompanist and gin partner, was rehearsing the band. I went up to him and said, "Hello, Mr. Shapiro. My name is Jerry Coe, I'm the comic on the bill." I told him about the number and he said, "You do Tucker?"
I said, "My partner does and I think it would really work with us both being on the same show." He said, "Listen, keep the number in, but come to the club early and come to the dressing room before the first show. Early." So we arrived early and went up to her dressing room. There was a mirror and it was covered with a giant pair of pink bloomers. That's the first thing you see as you (laughs) walk into this room. This humongous pair of bloomers. She's sitting there at her dressing room table. She doesn't even turn around to look at us. She just sits there at the mirror and says, "I understand you boys do me. Well... do me good." And that was it. We brought her orchids every night for her entrance. Until one night. A Saturday night. Altman wanted a big turnover so he cut five minutes from our act. No one told her. She was a perfectionist in terms of getting on at the right time.
She was at an age where you don't move that fast. We assumed - and assumption is the mother of all fuck-ups - that she was told. And she wasn't. We finished and went off. As we walked backstage we learned words we had never heard before. It was absolutely horrendous. The anger she had. But we went on to travel with her to the Elmwood Hotel in Windsor, Ontario. It was a good experience.
Kliph Nesteroff: You mentioned the Oakton Manor and that is where Shecky Greene and Sammy Shore were when they did a two-man act together. Did you ever see the comedy team of Greene and Shore?
Jerry Coe: Sammy Shore was working with Shecky. Yes. They were very funny boys, needless to say. They did a thing called Nature Boy. Shecky loved to sing it. Sammy would come out in a fright wig and a leopard skin outfit with lettuce and a stalk of celery and do visual shtick. I don't recall their material. I would have stolen it if I did.
Kliph Nesteroff: I think what you just described actually was their only material.
Jerry Coe: It would be very difficult for Shecky, with his ego and his talent, to be any part of a team. You know, when he's on, he's on. Shecky had more real and imagined ailments than one could shake a stick at. He would either have a polyp or this or that. And when he went through the drinking thing...
Kliph Nesteroff: A lot of legendary stories, yes. Do you remember a guy that was in Miami Beach around that time named Bert Stone?
Jerry Coe: Oh, sure, yes. Bert Stone - I think he also worked in a team. Stone and Shine.
Kliph Nesteroff: Eddie Shine.
Jerry Coe: Yeah, Eddie Shine was a hoofer. Bert Stone was a story teller and a very funny guy. I don't remember him from Florida, but from Chicago.
Kliph Nesteroff: How about a comedian named Allan Drake?
Jerry Coe: Yes, I remember meeting Allan Drake. Everybody used to finish their last show and head over to The Croyden Hotel restaurant. Joey Bishop was usually there telling war stories and I remember Allan Drake from that period.
Kliph Nesteroff: The reason I ask is because there is a crazy story about his wife being murdered by the Mob.
Jerry Coe: Jesus.
Kliph Nesteroff: Allan was doing a show in Washington, DC the night his wife was out at The Copa with a mobster and they were the victims of a hit that evening.
Jerry Coe: Next to Joe E. Lewis getting his throat cut, I haven't heard such a crazy story. Joe E. Lewis was a singer when he first started out. He was knocking off his engagement at the club he was playing and The Boys wanted him to come over and play the club that they had. I don't remember the names or what have you. But he didn't come and they decided to do a number on him. They cut his throat. He lost his vocal chords for a period of time. It segued into comedy - and drinking. I'm sure there is a more accurate version of this. It was written up and done in the movie they did of his life, but yeah. He was left for dead for a while.
Kliph Nesteroff: Jeez, I guess I really need to read The Joker Is Wild.
Jerry Coe: Yeah, that was bizarre.
Kliph Nesteroff: You mentioned The Step Brothers. A great act.
Jerry Coe: Oh, a great opening act. Yes. They had just come off doing a movie with Bob Hope and I booked them to come up to Great Lakes, Illinois to do a one-nighter. They were just tremendous. I have a vivid recollection of walking into the dressing room. All I could smell was wintergreen massage stuff that they were putting on their legs so they wouldn't tighten up!
Jerry Coe: You're a very astute guy in terms of digging all of this up. I didn't even know these facts existed. I have no problem speaking to you. You're a very collegial type of guy and very warm and easy to talk to. As I'm talking to you I'm thinking, "I'm going on and on with this guy and I had nothing to say!"
Mark Murphy said...
Not only a great interview (with someone I'd never even heard of!) but a great example of how to get great material out of an interviewee who thinks he has nothing to say.
Great stuff as always--and very valuable.
Phil In Phoenix said...
Kliph, this is truly an amazing interview...your subject is about to shut you down, yet you find a way to keep him talking AND get good stuff out of him!
And having grown up in Chicago, I am always fascinated by the thriving nightlife scene that went on there in another era.
Very interesting and very entertaining. Thank you Kliph and Jerry!
Bobby Wall said...
Kliph, you're like Columbo: "Uh, just one more thing Miss..." You also stun these people with things from their past that they thought no one ever knew! Just great, Kliph! If anyone can get information out of people, it's you. It wouldn't surprise me one bit if you could find out where Hoffa is buried!!
I have NEVER seen a better interview save! The man was just about to hang up, and you got a full conversation out of him. Bravo!!
tommy moore said...
The mark of a great interviewer, homework, presistence, likeabilty. Bravo. Tommy Moore
HD Nite said...
Not sure if you're still looking for Mickey Deems, but I was at a garage sale at his home in North Hollywood a few weeks ago. His nephew was running it, saying that Mickey was inside, still asleep. A cabinet drawer had a few rolls of film labeled "Mickey Deems" and this lead to a conversation. Hope this helps. Love your interviews!
Gallant said...
This is Dan L- The eldest son of DICK LYNN - http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1111708
I loved your article and shared it with our family. Dad has told us many of these stories and many more as he went on to headline at many clubs throughout the country. He met my mom while performing at the Playboy Club in New Orleans and settled into the Miami Beach where he performed with MANY Headlines like Sammy Davis, Johnny Mathis and even performed with Jerry Lewis in the movie Bell Boy.
He also went on to be an actor on the Jackie Gleason's show as his stand in for Jackie in the Honeymooners when it was shot in Miami Beach and became very close friend to Art Carney.
He also had many bit parts in TV Shows like The Dom DeLuise Show, local Miami Beach live Holiday shows and Flipper.
If you want more information about Dick Lynn, we would be happy to help. Just let us know and THANK YOU for sharing this interview.
here are some more Classic Shots and Playbills of Dad ( Dick Lynn ) Richard Levin and his partner Jerry Cee. Also a few with Louie Armstrong, Johnny Mathis, The Great One Jackie Gleason, Art Carney, Jerry Lewis, Etc...
https://www.facebook.com/dan.gallant.98/media_set?set=a.674123909286271.1073741834.100000660052104&type=1
An Interview with Marilyn Michaels
An Interview with Marvin Kaplan - Part One
An Interview with Larry Wilde


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INEC to move 1m unclaimed PVCs to wards in Lagos
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Lagos State, on Sunday, said it would on Wednesday, move about one million unclaimed Permanent Voter's Cards (PVCs) to 245 wards in the state,
The INEC's Public Relations Officer, Femi Akinbiyi, made this known to newsmen in Lagos.
He said the PVCs would be available for collection from Wednesday by their owners at the registration areas (wards) in the state.
"INEC in Lagos State will as from Wednesday Jan. 16, devolve collection of Permanent Voter Cards to the 245 Registration Areas (wards) in the state.
"The exercise is to make collection of PVCs easier for Lagosians.
"The exercise, which will come to an end on Jan. 21, will include Saturday and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. each day," Akinbiyi said in a statement.
According to him, after Jan. 21, the collection will be reverted to the INEC's offices at the 20 Local Government Areas and other designated centres in the state.
He said that distribution of the PVCs at the local government levels would be sustained until Feb. 8, the last day for collection of voter's cards for 2019 general elections.
"The commission, therefore, enjoins all those that have registered but have not collected their cards to make use of the opportunity afforded by the commission to collect their PVCs, as there will be no extension after Feb. 8, 2019," Akinbiyi said.
About 1 million cards had yet to be collected across 8,462 polling units in the state.
Kwara: Factional APC Gov candidate, Abdulrazaq undecided on implementing N30,000 New Minimum Wage
Man shoots wife, two sons dead in Edo
NNPC may soon increase petrol price
…no cause for alarm, says,
Why I am setting up anti-corruption agency – Oyo Gov
Oyo State Governor, Engr

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Unit Operations Laboratory
The fall semester, senior-level course "ChemE 4320 – Chemical Engineering Laboratory" is the first of two capstone courses in the undergraduate curriculum. Students work in teams in ChemE 4320 to plan and conduct experiments, collect and analyze data, and write technical reports. The experiments add practical, hands-on reinforcement to the chemical engineering fundamentals taught in 3000-level courses. Some of the lab reports involve engineering design assignments that prepare students for their choice of the second capstone course in the spring semester; "ChemE 4620 – Chemical Process Design" or "ChemE 4630 - Chemical Product Design". The overarching goal of the capstone courses is to transform students from stand-alone homework-solvers, and test-takers into communicators, team-members, and open-ended problem solvers.
The Unit Operations Laboratory includes two rooms: B-11 in the basement of Olin Hall and 111 directly above on the first floor. These rooms were comprehensively renovated and modernized in 2015.
The basement room (B-11) has ~1100 sq. ft. of open floor space with utilities distributed around three walls, including low pressure steam, condensate return, domestic water, and 100 psig air. The large experiments for ChemE 4320 reside there, including several shell-and-tube heat exchangers, a gas membrane separator, a fluidized bed, a process control demonstration with a commercial Rockwell controller, several fermenters, and most importantly, an eight-tray continuous distillation apparatus that stands ~15 ft. tall, protruding through an opening in the ceiling into the lab above. This apparatus is derived from the original 15-tray still that was assembled in the original UO Lab in the late 1940s, when Olin Hall was a new building on campus.
The upstairs room (111) has ~1000 sq. ft. of floor space with a glove box, a fume hood, an overhead exhaust system, a gas distribution system, and configurable work benches. This lab is shared by our new Product Design course ChemE 4630, which uses it for hands-on projects, and the ChemE Car Team, which uses it for fabricating, testing, and improving their new designs.
Both rooms are bright and spacious, and the new layouts, utilities, and furnishings from the 2015 upgrade provide flexibility to meet current and evolving needs of our undergraduate curriculum.


A full length maxi, perfect for warm weather days or your next vacation. Featuring the iconic Cecilie print, a flowing skirt, waist tie to cinch and crafted from soft to touch cotton. Wear yours with sandals or ankle boots.


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The RSAI offers awards and prizes in addition to those sponsored by NARSC and the North American regional organizations. Visit the RSAI website for additional information on the awards and prizes listed below.
RSAI Fellows Awards
In 2001, the RSAI Council initiated the RSAI Fellows Award to honor a select group of members of the Association who have made important scholarly and research contributions to the field of regional science. RSAI members are invited to nominate distinguished scholars for consideration to become Fellows of RSAI. The nomination process can be initiated by any member of RSAI and consists of a letter of nomination, detailing the scientific merit and contribution of the nominee and an up to date curriculum vitae. For further information, check the RSAI web site. (http://www.regionalscience.org/index.php/Competitions-and-Awards/)
The Hirotada Kohno Award for Outstanding Service to the RSAI
The Award honors and thanks a member of the RSAI who has provided long and outstanding service to the development and organization of Regional Science and to the development and management of RSAI at the International and/or Supra-Regional, including an outstanding contribution to the development of Regional Science at the Local Section level. It recognizes outstanding service to the RSAI has incorporated service extending beyond the local level and which incorporates service of an international nature. The Award is established to recognize and honor the outstanding service contribution Professor Hirotada Kohno has made to the Regional Science community, and especially his role in the development of PRSCO and the Japan Section of RSAI.
The Martin Beckmann RSAI Annual Award for the best Paper in Papers in Regional Science
The Award recognizes annually a regional science scholar or scholars who have demonstrated innovation and excellence in Regional Science research through the publication of a paper of outstanding merit in Papers in Regional Science. It is made annually for the best paper published in the Issues comprising an annual Volume of Papers in Regional Science. The award is established to recognize and honor the outstanding career and contribution of Professor Martin Beckmann, an internationally recognized regional scientist and economist of outstanding merit, and who is a foundation fellow of the RSAI.
The Peter Nijkamp RSAI Research Encouragement Award for an Early Career Scholar from a Developing Country
The Award recognizes the outstanding potential of an early career researcher from a nation in the developing world and in which there is a formal Section of RSAI, and seeks to encourage the development of the early career scholar as a high quality researcher in the field of Regional Science and as a participant in the international Regional Science community. The Award is established to recognize and honor the outstanding contribution Professor Peter Nijkamp, a Fellow of RSAI and an outstanding regional science researcher, has made to the encouragement and involvement of young scholars in regional Science research and activities.
Regional Science Association International Founder's Medal
The Founder's Medal was established to recognize lifetime contributions to the field of Regional Science and to the Association. The criteria established for the award are as follows: the recipient should be a senior scholar who has contributed in an important way to the field of Regional Science in a scholarly sense; the recipient should have been active in the RSAI for a sustained period, but not necessarily active at the time of the award; also, the award is not given posthumously; the recipient should be a person with whom many members can identify; his/her contributions could be a major work in one area or many works in several areas; he contribution need not be limited to one type of contribution; it might be theory, method or policy, for example; it is recognized that the native country and language of scholars affect the extent to which they are known by the membership, and an effort should be made to take this into account.
RSAI Dissertation Contest
The Association encourages doctoral-level scholarship by sponsoring each year the RSAI Dissertation Contest. Dissertations must focus on a regional science topic and represent a substantial contribution to research. The Association invites the submission of dissertations in the field of Regional Science to the annual competition.


Homeowners will see a dip in taxes thanks to an increase in state aid.
NEENAH - School districts across the state are solidifying their budgets for the coming year. Here's a quick look at key things to know about the Neenah Joint School District's 2018-19 budget.
The proposed budget is $95,333,046. That's up 3.9 percent over last year.
The tax rate is proposed to decrease 6.2 percent. If approved, the owner of a home valued at $175,000 would pay $1,272 in school property taxes in 2019, a decrease of $84 from 2018. This is the lowest rate in a decade.
The increase in spending includes over 17 new full-time equivalent positions and continued investment in technology, building maintenance, special education services and health insurance costs.
State aid for the district will be the highest in 10 years, at $35 million.
A 3.8 percent increase in equalized property value is projected, but plays less of a role in decreasing the tax rate, said Andrew Thorson, the district's director of business services.
Spending on infrastructure is down $270,000, but that's in part because of the removal of a project at Shattuck that is dependent on if the district will pursue a facilities referendum.
The district is continuing performance-based pay increases based on teacher evaluations, which give teachers a 2 percent recurring pay increase salary and a 1.5 percent one-time bonus.
The district is on its final payment of its long-term debt for a fiber optic project, with $50,000 remaining.
Neenah maintains one of the lowest tax rates in the Fox Valley.
Budget documents are available in BoardDocs, which is accessible from the district's website: www.neenah.k12.wi.us/district/boardofeducation.cfm.
Budget documents include the attachments to the Oct. 16 meeting agenda under item 1C and 4A.
A public hearing is scheduled for Oct. 16 at the NJSD board room, 410 South Commercial Street, Neenah. The hearing starts at 5:30 p.m. and the board will adopt the budget in its regular meeting immediately after.
Contact Andrew Thorson, director of business services, via email at andrew.thorson@neenah.k12.wi.us or a school board member, whose information can be found here: www.neenah.k12.wi.us/district/boardofeducation.cfm.


First, trust your ears. Also, get away from the instrument and let someone else play it so you can judge its voice and projection from the listeners' perspective.
Know the market; the only way not to get ripped off.
Often an experienced (well-played, beat) bass can be a better deal than a new one - but that's a call only an experienced player should make. If it looks good from 20' away, who cares?
Repairs-- how many, where, and how well were they done? Buzzes and rattles that indicate bass bar or other problems.
Take somebody who knows their sh*t if you don't.
Get a trial period (in writing) so you can take it to a reputable luthier for a judgement.
Don't let yourself be forced into a spontaneous, non-confident decision.
: : can anyone tell me some of the main things to look for in a good bass?i will be looking at many basses and may have to decide quickly on one.what are the main things that a good bass should have.i don't wanna get ripped off!! please help............thanks : First, trust your ears. Also, get away from the instrument and let someone else play it so you can judge its voice and projection from the listeners' perspective. : Know the market; the only way not to get ripped off. : Often an experienced (well-played, beat) bass can be a better deal than a new one - but that's a call only an experienced player should make. If it looks good from 20' away, who cares? : Repairs-- how many, where, and how well were they done? Buzzes and rattles that indicate bass bar or other problems. : Take somebody who knows their sh*t if you don't. : Get a trial period (in writing) so you can take it to a reputable luthier for a judgement. : Or go to a reputable luthier and make it clear that you will a) want to use him, b) intend to move up to a better bass at some point, so a) he will feel that he can count on you for additional revenue, and b) won't overcharge since he is likely to think he may have to take it back in trade for another instrument in the future ;-)> : Don't let yourself be forced into a spontaneous, non-confident decision. : Good luck!


If you're looking for a summery and vegetarian alternative to the typical taco, look no further than these charred corn veggie tacos topped with a radish zucchini slaw.
They're have you cheering that warmer weather is finally here.
Some days a girl just needs a taco… but not some greasy gut bomb. Sure, when I was in my 20s, there was nothing better than hitting one of the local Mexican taco shops in Chicago. Didn't matter if it was early Wednesday evening or 2am Friday night.
But those days are gone! Now when I head out for a taco, I often enjoy a more alternative option – and these charred corn veggie tacos fit just the bill.
You're going to particularly love the charred flavor of the corn on the grill. Oh my goodness yum!
Brush corn with olive oil and season with salt and pepper.
Over hot grill or open gas stove flame, char ears of corn until well blackened but not completely burnt. Remove from heat; cool.
With large knife, shave off kernels into bowl. Add cilantro, parsley and mint; reserve for later.
In small bowl, combine onion and lime juice; let stand 10 minutes.
Stir in maple syrup, radishes, zucchini, jalapeno and 2 tablespoons of oil. Season with salt and pepper; set aside.
Heat your tortillas one of two ways: Wrap whole stack in foil and place in warm 250 degrees F oven for 15 minutes, or coat cast-iron skillet with thin layer of oil and heat over high heat; warm each tortilla 30 seconds to 1 minute each side, until lightly blistered.
A summery and vegetarian alternative to the typical taco.
To make tacos, fill each tortilla with ¼ cup corn. Top with cheese and radish-zucchini slaw. Serve with lime wedges, if desired.
Your recipe looks so fresh with veggies, thank you for sharing your delicious recipe on the #OMHGWW this week!
Just Pinned to save and share!!
Jenny,am new to your blog,but sweetheart,let me tell you…Think I have pinned,printed and already re-created some of your recipes in the last few weeks!Am ACTIVELY promoting you on Pinterest, (only social media I do),am a huge Jenny fan!Well done and so very appreciated! (Some of your recipes I have made,ALL have been pinned on multiple boards for MAX exposure).Good sharing,I say!!
Well welcome welcome welcome to The Jenny Evolution! Glad you're loving my recipes and I appreciate you sharing them on Pinterest 🙂 I'm excited to make some of these recipes for our neighborhood gatherings this summer… I love to share!
I love healthy food! Thanks for sharing at Foodie FriDIY.
Looks so fresh. And a healthy recipe too. Thank you for linking up with us at #HomeMattersParty. We would love to have you again next week.
This looks just so fresh and flavorful!! Thanks for sharing with us at Throwback Thursday!


text:
Where do numbers come from
By Adhemar Bultheel 25 / Nov / 2019
There is a modern trend in calculus courses to start from application examples and practical problem solving, and from there come to some abstraction and theorems. In this book, Körner presents some basic results in a way that is the opposite of this. It is a strict mathematical top-down approach, formulating definitions, properties and theorems with hard proofs starting from a minimal set of axioms. As the title suggests, his guiding idea is to introduce the number systems on a pure axiomatic basis, loosely following the historical evolution. In this sense it is not really a replacement for a calculus course, but rather a complement to it. It does have the structure of a course text, with a sequence of definitions, theorems and proofs that is interrupted with many exercises and challenges for the reader-student.
One would expect that the topics to be covered and the order in which they are introduced are more or less clear. Nevertheless it is somewhat surprising that rational numbers come first in part 1, and natural numbers are a "special case" in part 2, and finally the reals and complex numbers in part 3. The quaternions and polynomials over a field follow as some kind of "encores".
Rationals without integers sounds almost impossible, but here the historical context comes in as a motivation. Originally people counted quantities and that does not really involve numbers in the sense that one added 3 sheep ad 4 sheep to get 7 sheep, but adding 3 sheep to 4 apples was not something to consider. So, to come to abstract counting numbers, the first thing to do in a Greek tradition is to find an axiomatic system for what we call now the positive natural numbers $\mathbb{N}^+$. The Greek had rationals disguised as ratios of lengths or areas but the Indians and Chinese properly considered rationals as numbers. In this book these are introduced as equivalence classes of (numerator, denominator) pairs where numerator and denominator are elements from the previous set with their rules for adding and multiplication. This gives the strictly positive rationals $\mathbb{Q}^+$. Then zero is introduced first as a place holder, and eventually as a number, and this entails the definition of the negative rational numbers and thus besides inverses for multiplication now also inverses for addition will exist. So we now have the structure of $\mathbb{Q}$. This idea of introducing a new mathematical concept as a couple of items from a previous structure with their known composition rules (adding and multiplication) and then identifying them in equivalence classes, is a technique that is used at several places in this book.
In part 2 the natural numbers are derived via the introduction of 1 as the least positive rational whose (reduced) denominator is 1 and then using an induction to generate all the positive integers as part of the rationals, and eventually zero and the negative integers to give $\mathbb{Z}$. Along the way we learn about long division, Bezout's theorem, and prime numbers. Modular arithmetic is introduced via finite fields leading to Fermat's little theorem, coding theory, the Chinese remainder theorem and encryption. The Peano axioms to define the rational numbers $\mathbb{Q}$ as an ordered field is the ultimate conclusion of part 2. It includes some philosophical considerations about the existence of numbers and the idea of an axiomatic approach to mathematics in general. That includes the Russell paradox, Gödel's theorem, and the consistency problem of mathematics.
Historically, mathematics became a profession somewhere in the 17th century. First Körner introduces extensions like $\mathbb{Q}[\sqrt{2}]$ using again the technique of defining addition, multiplication and an order relation on couples of rational numbers. To come to analysis, it requires the fundamental axiom of an intermediate value and hence the existence of a limit for bounded sequences. Equivalence classes of converging sequences are introduced by identifying sequences with the same limit as equivalent. Pointwise operations can be defined for the sequences and the real numbers in the set $\mathbb{R}$ are then identified with these equivalence classes. The complex numbers are then easily introduced as couples of reals (using again the same trick of defining operations for couples of reals) and introducing limits and continuity in $\mathbb{C}$ is relatively easy. This paves the way to define polynomials over a field and to derive the fundamental theorem of algebra. The main reason for considering zeros of polynomials over a field, in particular with integer or rational coefficients, is that this allows to distinguish between the algebraic and the transcendental numbers. Integral domains and quaternions as generalizations of complex numbers are the remaining items with a short discussion.
Clearly this book is probing the fundamentals of mathematical analysis and will be useful as an extra reading for an introductory calculus course. It will certainly satisfy those readers who are looking for abstraction and who want to extract the maximal number of results from the minimal set of axioms. The historical elements on the side are entertaining but not essential. It is not exactly recreational mathematics, but the text is nicely written. It has many explicit proofs and many exercises and invitations to think about a statement. No solutions are provided though. It is an excellent way to get in touch with the foundations of mathematics at a relatively elementary level.
Adhemar Bultheel
This book gives an axiomatic approach at a first year university level to number systems and some elements from calculus. It could be a complement for a freshmen's calculus course.
T.W. Körner
978-1-1084-8806-8 (hbk), 978-1-1087-3838-5 (pbk)
£ 59.99 (hbk), £ 24.99 (pbk)
https://www.cambridge.org/be/academic/subjects/mathematics/recreational-mathematics/where-do-numbers-come
Categorisation
Logic and Foundations
Mathematics Education and Popularization of Mathematics
97 Mathematics education
97F30


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For instance, the pseudoscientific and fake content details have been clarified, comments displaying pornographic ads on websites that do not contain adult content have been removed, new examples of pages with the lowest quality have been introduced, as well as a completely new section. Do you check each and every report manually?" The answer was: No, we do not check all spam reports manually. At the same time, he noted that small reports about violations of one page scale are less prioritized for Google. The question was: "When you mention Google's quality algorithm, how many algorithms do you use?". Let your child spend their birthday at the Dublin Zoo! Zoo Coupons 2016, houston Zoo Coupons November 2016, set to Expire Tuesday at 11PM - houston ZOO. I think it started yesterday or the day before yesterday. Now when searching for images, users will immediately see which type of content the individual results are related.
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Appleton Renovations delivers as they promise! We already have other projects in mind for them. If you have always dreamed of having a model home, contact Appleton Renovations for your FREE in home design consultation. We are so excited about the transformation to our Master Bedroom, the Entertainment center and dresser really completes the room and the Theater solution looks and sounds great.


Bring your new and used muskie fishing gear to sell or trade! The better quality you bring, the better for everyone!
Tickets cost 30$ for adults, and 15$ for anglers aged 15 or younger.
On-site the day of the event between 5:30AM and 6:45AM.
The winners are ranked by the combined weight of the two heaviest pikes.
Access to the boat ramp on 34e Avenue in Lachine opens at 5:30AM on May 11 2019 (note that this year 70 FREE parking spots are available at the Parc Saint-Louis Boat Launch, 34eme Av. Lachine. First come first served).
The fishing zone is the entire Lac Saint-Louis, participants can launch from any boat ramp around the lake.
Fishing starts at 7h00. No lines in the water before 7:00AM, or risk of being disqualified.
You need a valid Quebec Fishing license.
Regulations of Quebec MFFP for zone 8 are applicable.
The weigh-in begins at 2:00PM and closes at 3:30PM and takes place at the Parc Saint-Louis Boat Launch, 34eme Av. Lachine.
Ticket or picture ID required for weigh-in.
No dead fish allowed for weigh-in, all fish will be released after weigh-in.
Each participant is responsible of his equipment and his security.
No rainchecks and no refunds, tournament will be held regardless of weather conditions.
Muskies Canada Montreal advocates proper fish handling techniques (no vertical holds for big fish and no finger in the eyes).
The use of chains to keep fish alive is not allowed. Please participate onboard a boat that comes with livewell equipped with an oxygenator.
Not respecting the above rules will lead to immediate disqualification from the podium.
Please respect all species of fish caught out of season and release them immediately without taking pictures. Good luck and tight lines!
Tuesday May 21st at 7:00 p.m.
Tackle Swap !! Don't miss it.
Gagnon Sports is proud to announce Thursday May 23rd we will be hosting An Evening of Muskie! Mike Nabulsi, Pete Bostelmann, and Frank Thurston will be our guest speakers this evening teaching all their tips tricks and secrets to help make YOU a better angler! Join us and help support Muskies Canada! Food and refreshments, draws, prizes and more! See below for more details and to get your seat email mike@gagnonsports.com or head to the front desk at the store to register!
Annual Barb-Q and members flea market!
Hey everyone! Mark this down on your calendar.
As they say in the military, here's your warning order!
The Ottawa Chapter will be hosting our outing; The Capital City Challunge, on 15 June.
It's still early in the planning stage but guaranteed we will have our awesome raffle table that exceeds $2000 and it is all musky musky musky PLUS the most outstanding dinner yet!
Dinner: This year we're changing things up a bit. Dinner will be at the Mandarin Restaurant in Orleans.
This is an all you can eat buffet style restaurant with over 100 dishes to choose from. Everything from prime rib to sushi.
Dinner will be at 6:45 SHARP so if you are fishing down river give yourself enough time to make it back on time.
We will have our own room with easy access control for the dinner along with servers to pick up dishes and get drinks.
The room WILL NOT be available until 6:30/6:45 and there is no area inside for anyone to mill around and wait. For those coming off the water early you can go to the Barley Mow roadhouse for a drink. It is located directly across the road from the Mandarin. DO NOT BRING YOUR TRAILERS TO THE BARLEY MOW. PARKING IS TOO TIGHT. Leave them in the Mandarin/Home depot parking lot.
Cost: The cost for the outing is $50. Pay at the door.
The Mandarin is very easy to find and is only 5 mins from the river. Drive south up Tenth Line Road to the corner of Innes and the mall and restaurant is across the road on your left. 2055 Tenth Line Rd, Orléans. Too easy!
Click HERE for a map that shows the restaurant location along with boat ramps and amenities for those not familiar with the east end.


text:
A comparison of the responsible drinking dimensions among underage and legal drinkers: examining differences in beliefs, motives, self-efficacy, barriers and intentions
Adam E Barry1Email author,
Michael L Stellefson1 and
Conrad L Woolsey2
© Barry et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
To date, scholarly discourse over the Amethyst Initiative has primarily debated the relative effectiveness of the 21 year-old Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA). Unfortunately, this discourse has failed to account for the Amethyst Initiative's central tenet/mission: facilitating responsible drinking among college students. This investigation seeks to help fill this gap by quantitatively determining whether a random sample of underage (n = 158) and legal (n = 298) drinkers differed with regard to their alcohol-related behaviors, responsible drinking behaviors, and responsible drinking beliefs.
Compared to legal drinkers, underage drinkers reported: (a) significantly less confidence to perform responsible drinking behaviors during their next drinking episode [t(446) = -2.97, p < .003; d = -0.297], (b) significantly more perceived barriers to responsible drinking [t(388) = 3.44, p < .001; d = .368], and (c) significantly lower behavioral intentions to perform responsible drinking behaviors the next time they consumed alcohol [t(437) = -3.45, p < .001; d = -0.350]. Each of these differences remained statistically significant, even after controlling for sex and race, in three separate multiple linear regression models.
While college students both above and below the 21 year-old MLDA have similar beliefs regarding what constitutes responsible drinking, students below the current MLDA have less intention to drink responsibly regardless of their behavioral beliefs and/or motives. College/university administrators should consider the negative repercussions that are possible if underage students who are less confident in their ability to drink responsibly are given the legal right to drink on campus.
Amethyst initiative
Minimum legal drinking age
Debate over the United States' minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has recently erupted [1–4]. Despite epidemiological data linking the current MLDA of 21 with reduced alcohol-related mortality, morbidity, and traffic crashes [5–8], a substantial number of university chancellors and presidents have signed a public statement seeking informed, dispassionate discourse over the 21 year-old MLDA [9]. Referred to as the Amethyst Initiative, this proposal supports a series of educational and policy level efforts to enable 18–20 year old adults to purchase, possess, and consume alcoholic beverages at their own discretion.
To date, discourse over the Amethyst Initiative has primarily revolved around the relative effectiveness of the 21 year-old MLDA. This focus seems counterproductive for several reasons. First, it is difficult to dispute the efficacy of the MLDA [8]. Second, focusing on the policy's effectiveness fails to spotlight the Amethyst Initiative's core mission: facilitating responsible drinking among college students. There is a dearth of literature investigating differences in how underage and legal drinkers practice and/or conceptualize responsible drinking behavior(s) specifically, yet studies have explored other aspects of responsible drinking among college students [10–12]. Consequently, this investigation seeks to quantitatively determine whether underage and legal drinkers differ on their alcohol-related behaviors, and responsible drinking beliefs, motives, self-efficacy, barriers and intentions.
A random sample of college students attending a large, Southwestern, four-year public university were asked to voluntarily complete a web-based survey in an uncontrolled setting (e.g., on a respondent's home computer). Respondents were selected from a master list obtained from the university registrar that contained contact information (name and e-mail) for all enrolled undergraduate students. The survey took approximately 20 minutes to complete. Respondents were made aware that they would be entered into a lottery drawing for an MP3 player to incentivize participation. All procedures were vetted and approved by the university's Institutional Review Board (protocol #2006-0428).
Alcohol-related behaviors
Most Recent Drinking Episode assessed how many alcoholic drinks were consumed the last time in a social setting with alcohol. Respondents typed in the number of drinks they consumed during this event. Binge Drinking assessed how many times respondents consumed five or more alcoholic drinks at a sitting within the past two weeks. Nine possible response options ranged from '0' to '9 or above'.
The Characteristics of Responsible Drinking Survey (CHORDS) [13] assessed several responsible drinking dimensions, including one's behavioral beliefs, motivations, self-efficacy, barriers, and behavioral intentions regarding the responsible consumption of alcohol (see Barry & Goodson [13] for more detailed psychometric information and item wording).
Behavioral Beliefs (α = .82) were assessed using 8 items that measured behaviors ranging from drinking and driving, to maintaining a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) below the legal limit (0.08%). Response options included never: not important to do when drinking any alcohol (0); seldom: would be nice to do but not necessary (1); some of the time: only when it is possible (2); most of the time: should try to do this (3); or always: must do this every time he/she drinks any alcohol, no matter what (4).
Motivations (α = .86) were determined using 21 items assessing the extent to which various intrapersonal (e.g., religious convictions), interpersonal (e.g., desire not to upset significant others or parents), and other contextual factors (e.g., having to drive home, work- and school-related obligations) facilitate responsible drinking. Response options included (0) never, (1) seldom, (2) some of the time, (3) most of the time, or (4) always.
The 8-item Self-efficacy scale (α = .87) assessed perceived confidence in performing each of the actions outlined in the Behavioral Beliefs scale described above. Self-efficacy was measured using a scale from 0% (having no confidence) to 100% (extremely confident), with respondents given the option to select their level of confidence for each alcohol behavior in 10% increments (i.e., (1) 10% confident, (2) 20% confident, (3) 30% confident, etc.).
The Barriers scale (α = .91) encompasses 16 items which examine circumstances (e.g., felt depressed or stressed) and contextual factors (e.g., recently broken-up with a significant other, an attractive person wanted to buy you a drink) that could impede someone from drinking responsibly. Respondents indicated whether each item would be an obstacle to drinking responsibly (0) never, (1) seldom, (2) some of the time, (3) most of the time, or (4) always.
The 8-item Behavioral Intentions scale (α = .84) assessed the likelihood of performing the actions outlined in the Behavioral Belief scale. Specifically, respondents indicated whether they were (0) not likely at all, (1) seldom likely, (2) somewhat likely, (3) likely, or (4) extremely likely, to perform responsible drinking behaviors, the next time they chose to drink.
Handling missing data
Only a small percentage of respondents had missing data on any of the subscales (2.0% of Behavioral Beliefs, 5.0% of Motivations, 1.3% of Self-Efficacy, 6.8% of Barriers, and 3.5% of Behavioral Intentions). Respondents with incomplete data did not differ from those with fully completed surveys with regards to: sex [t(457) = .194, p = .846], age [t(454) = -.797, p = .426], Greek (fraternity/sorority) status [t(453) = -.807, p = .420], full-time student status [t(456) = -.445, p = .656], binge drinking status [t(455) = .172, p = .864], or the number of days in which alcohol was consumed in the past 30 days [t(457) = .900, p = .369]. Consequently, incomplete surveys were retained for analysis.
Among underage and legal drinkers, independent sample t-tests were performed to compare mean scores on the continuous alcohol-related behaviors and 5 subscales of the CHORDS. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were computed for all statistically significant mean differences. All between-group differences found to be statistically significant were further explored in multiple linear regression models, controlling for sex and race/ethnicity.
459 self-identified underage (n = 158; 35%) and legal (n = 298; 65%) drinkers completed the web-based survey. Participants were primarily full-time students (93%) who were Caucasian (79.3%) and female (54.5%), with a mean age of 22 years (SD = 5.47 years). Approximately 11% of respondents were members of a fraternity or sorority, and the majority (78%) resided in off-campus housing or an on-campus residence hall (18%). There was an equal representation (~ 18% per each year in school) across all student classifications (e.g., freshmen, sophomore). Both gender and ethnic distributions of those surveyed were comparable to the institutional population from which the sample was drawn (47% female, 73% Caucasian, 11% Hispanic, 4% Asian, and 3% Black).
Table 1 reports mean differences in alcohol consumption and responsible drinking beliefs and behaviors among underage and legal drinkers. Underage drinkers (M = 4.44, SD = 2.95) and legal drinkers (M = 4.10, SD = 3.29) consumed similar amounts of alcohol the last time they were in a social situation [t(450) = 1.09, p = .277]. Likewise, underage drinkers (M = 1.44, SD = 1.73) and legal drinkers (M = 1.26, SD = 1.88) reported comparable rates of binge drinking [t(452) = 1.02, p = .310]. Compared to legal drinkers (M = 7.18, SD = 2.06), however, underage drinkers (M = 6.58, SD = 1.96) reported significantly less self-efficacy to perform responsible drinking behaviors during their next drinking episode. The magnitude of difference (i.e., effect size) in self-efficacy (mean difference = -.60; 95% CI: -.99 to -.20) was relatively small, however (Cohen's d = -0.297). Underage drinkers (M = 1.57, SD = .79) also reported significantly more perceived barriers to responsible drinking compared to their of-age counterparts (M = 1.27, SD = .80). The magnitude of difference in barrier means between groups (mean difference = .29, 95% CI: .13 to .46) was medium (Cohen's d = .368). Moreover, compared to legal drinkers (M = 2.57, SD = .83), underage drinkers (M = 2.29, SD = .78) also reported significantly lower behavioral intentions to perform responsible drinking behaviors the next time they consumed alcohol (mean difference = -.28, 95% CI: -.44 to -.12, Cohen's d = -0.350). No statistically significant differences were reported between groups on responsible drinking behavioral beliefs or motivations.
Differences in alcohol consumption and responsible drinking beliefs and behaviors among underage and legal drinkers
Underage drinker
Legal drinker
Most Recent Drinking Episode
Responsible Drinking Beliefs & Behaviors
Behavioral Beliefs
(.68)
Behavioral Intentions
Table 2 presents findings from three separate multiple linear regression models, each of which examined the relationship between legal drinking status and the three statistically significant responsible drinking dimensions in Table 1 (i.e., self-efficacy, barriers, intentions). In all three models, legal drinking status predicted each responsible drinking dimension to a statistically significant degree, above and beyond sex and race/ethnicity. In regards to barriers to responsible drinking, only legal drinking status (β = -.17) was statistically significant, such that the number of factors inhibiting responsible drinking decreased with a one unit increase in the independent variable (i.e., moving from underage to over the MLDA). For both responsible drinking self-efficacy (β = .15) and behavioral intentions (β = .16), going from underage to over the MLDA resulted in greater confidence and increased intention to demonstrate responsible drinking behavioral beliefs.
Multiple linear regression analyses predicting responsible drinking self-efficacy, barriers & intentions in underage and legal drinkers ( n = 456)
SE B
Self-Efficacy to Drink Responsibly
-0.164***
21 or older
4, 441
Barriers Inhibiting Responsible Drinking
Behavioral Intentions to Drink Responsible
10.660***
*p < .05.
**p < .010.
***p < .001.
Despite a lack of empirical evidence suggesting that lowering the MLDA will curb binge drinking among college students, [14] the Amethyst Initiative continues to attract supporters and attention [15]. Underage drinkers in our sample reported a significantly greater number of factors that would inhibit their ability to drink responsibly as compared to students over the MLDA. Underage students also reported significantly less self-efficacy and lower intentions to engage in responsible drinking behaviors the next time they consumed alcohol. While college students both above and below the MLDA have similar beliefs regarding what constitutes responsible drinking, those below the current MLDA have less intention to drink responsibly regardless of their behavioral beliefs and/or motives. While we cannot make definitive claims about potential changes in drinking behaviors, or responsible drinking beliefs and behaviors, of 18–20 year olds if the MLDA were lowered, our findings do illustrate noteworthy differences in responsible drinking dimensions among illegal and legal college student drinkers. Other research suggests that college students who endorse a personal responsibility to obey the current MLDA of 21 are in the minority [16], and heavier and riskier drinkers are more likely to contend the MLDA should be lower than their lighter drinking peers [17]. Future research therefore, should further explore potential causal effects of the proposed MLDA reduction among college students.
Current evidence suggests that age-based restrictions on access to alcohol have substantial impact on alcohol consumption, such that the MLDA clearly reduces alcohol consumption and its associated harms [18]. Granting increased access to alcohol by lowering the MLDA could lead to increased rates of drinking and subsequent alcohol-related consequences [19]. For example, after New Zealand lowered its MLDA from 20 to 18, there were substantial increases in alcohol-related hospitalizations [20]. Recent system models simulating lowered MLDA changes also suggest "pessimistic" outcomes resulting from the Amethyst Initiative, including an increased social availability of alcohol (campus wetness) that will likely overshadow any anticipated benefits stemming from allowing those 18 and older to consume alcohol legally [21]. Therefore, university chancellors and presidents should strongly consider Fitzpatrick et al.'s [21] warning that, "lowering the current MLDA represents an enormous social experiment with potentially major consequences" (p2).
The findings reported herein build upon AEB's previous work, which examined how college students interpret and practice "responsible drinking". As readers will note, the responsible drinking dimensions reported herein, and elsewhere, echo those of previous investigations focusing on protective behavioral strategies (PBS) drinkers employ to stay safe while drinking. Thus, this manuscript contributes to both the scant literature base focused on responsible drinking, as well as the larger burgeoning literature base focused on harm reduction strategies.
This work was supported, in part, by the NIH (NCATS) CTSA awards to the University of Florida UL1TR000064 and KL2TR000065.
AEB conceptualized the manuscript and prepared the first draft of the manuscript. MLS and CW contributed to the introduction and review of literature. MLS consulted on the statistical analysis. AEB, MLS and CW contributed to the conceptual development of the discussion and conclusion section. Both MLS and CW reviewed the study design, statistical approaches, and each successive draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the overall construction of this manuscript, read, edited, and approved the final draft of the manuscript. AEB takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.
Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Nutrition and Human Performance, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
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ALEC MACHIELS, JD, MBA
Alec Machiels is a Partner at Pegasus Capital Advisors, L.P., a private equity fund manager. Mr. Machiels is a member of the firm's executive and investment committees. He has over 15 years of private equity investing and investment banking experience. Previously, Mr. Machiels was a financial analyst in the Financial Services Group at Goldman Sachs International in London and in the Private Equity Group at Goldman Sachs & Co. in New York. Investments in which he has been highly involved include Pure Biofuel, Molycorp Minerals, Traxys, Slipstream Communications, Coffeyville Resources, and Merisant Company. He also co-founded and serves as a board member of Potentia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. which respectively have drugs in development to treat macular degeneration and rare diseases and COPD. He also served as a member of the board of trustees of the American Federation of Arts, where he chaired the endowment committee. Mr. Machiels is a graduate of Harvard Business School, KU Leuven Law School in Belgium, and Konstanz University in Germany.
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We all love a story of an underdog. Teams with players no one's heard of, coming from behind to win championships. People starting from the streets and rising to the top. There's something about rooting for the little guy who hasn't got a chance that appeals to human nature, I think. And there's nothing more underdog than a 1.6-litre engine being tasked with moving a 1.7-tonne SUV, as is the case of the new Honda CR-V.
You see, this story began with a last minute road trip, from Mumbai to Chikmagalur to cover the Rally of Chikmagalur. 850km of highway, some of the best highways in the country no less, and many more kilometres of the tight, twisty roads around Chikmagalur, perhaps even some of the dirt paths that make up the stages of the Rally of Chikmagalur.
Of course, I thought, it'd be the perfect testing ground for the Honda CR-V, available with a diesel engine for the first time ever. Additionally, my first time driving it was brief, and I came away with my apprehensions of its David-pulling-Goliath setup about almost all but melted away. But obviously the prospect of a full road trip in it was too tempting to pass up, in a "let's see what happens, for science" kind of way.
Getting the CR-V out of the narrow gate of my parking lot was the first sign that perhaps I'd signed up for too much. This is a large hunk of metal! And it's made worse by the thought that there's what seems like a foot-and-a-half in bumpers to think about. But with a little faith in the visibility out of the large windows, large rear-view mirrors and reversing camera, I found myself proceeding down the Pune expressway. Quite swiftly, too, I should add.
It's at this point of the narrative that you would expect me to say power and torque figures don't matter, it's how the car makes you feel. We usually reserve that statement for supercars with a billion horsepower, where a few hundred here or there don't really register a difference. Or, for light and agile sportscars, where you're so distracted in the fun conversation between you, the chassis and the road, that you forget all about power. Well, the CR-V gets you to the same conclusion, but very differently. It comforts you into it.
The first few times you step down hard on the throttle, you'll see the drawbacks of having just 120PS and 300Nm torque in an SUV this large, whether it's lighter than the competition or not. Those first few times, it'll seem like the motor is struggling, whether it's proven to be as quick as others its size or not. You'll probably come up with a choice question to ask the Honda engineers, if you ever got the chance. You waited all this while, for a diesel CR-V, and it's a 1.6-litre?
you're suddenly getting up to speed quite quickly. Your right foot is never more than halfway through the throttle pedal's travel, yet you're at 120kmph. You only know because the speed alert is buzzing. Checking the instrumentation confirms – you're just under 2,000rpm in seventh. Yes, seventh gear out of nine. At 120kmph. And it's still going.
In fact, the gearbox will only shift up the more speed you pile on, so the CR-V is actually more relaxed at higher speeds than it is at 100kmph. As this truly sinks in, you realise you're almost at your destination. The bad patches of road along the way? No matter, you don't need to brake for them. It's almost like a ladder-framed SUV in that respect, except you don't feel as severe after-effects in the cabin – no ups or downs here.
It's still a long journey, no doubt. Over 14 hours behind the wheel to reach Chikmagalur. And I haven't reached my bed for the night. That's at the other side of a 30-minute drive from the town. But I wasn't complaining. Because the route ran corner to corner, letting me fall into a groove. And the CR-V allowed itself to be flowed, carrying its momentum through the turns, saying the right things through its perfectly weighted steering. Very un-SUV-like behaviour from this SUV, indeed.
And, while the paddleshifters called out to me, the gearbox knew the engine better, shifting up before I could, to keep it in the powerband. Sure, I would've enjoyed it more in a smaller, lighter and more exciting car. But a smaller, lighter car wouldn't have made it up the last two kilometres to the home of my host for the night, Vikram Narendra. With the right line over the really deep ruts through the estate, the CR-V (even though we had the 2WD model) trudged along and barely spun its wheels even over the slippery, sludge halfway through. Vikram says he usually parks anything less than a 4WD at the bottom of the climb. Well, here's another thing you can count on the "soft-roader" CR-V to surprise you with, then.
And just like that it became clear as to why I'd grown to like it. With a small diesel engine, it still kept high triple-digit speeds on the highway. And with a monocoque construction, it still remained utterly composed over bad roads, and with its heft, it still cornered. It managed to make a convert of me, being comfortable and staying true to its core quality throughout. Unassuming and under-promising as it was, it had done everything and much more than was asked of it. Just like an underdog would.


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O match pelo Campeonato Mundial de Xadrez de 1984 foi disputado entre o campeão Anatoly Karpov e o desafiante Garry Kasparov. A disputa foi realizada entre 10 de setembro de 1984 e 15 de fevereiro de 1985 em Moscou em um match no qual o primeiro a vencer seis partidas seria campeão. Após uma longa série de 48 partidas (com 40 empates) em mais de cinco meses, o presidente da FIDE, Florencio Campomanes, anunciou que o match seria interrompido sem um resultado, alegando a necessidade de preservar a saúde dos competidores, e que um novo confronto seria realizado a partir de 1º de setembro de 1985.  Karpov teria o direito a um match de revanche caso fosse derrotado. Todavia, essa foi uma decisão polêmica, tanto Karpov quanto Kasparov queriam a continuidade do match.

Torneios Interzonais

Três Torneios Interzonais foram realizados nas cidades de Las Palmas, Moscou e Toluca. Cada competição classificou dois jogadores ao Torneio de Candidatos.

Os torneios foram de um nível bastante elevado, com a participação de vários ex-campeões mundiais e ex-candidatos ao título. O então pouco conhecido fora da URSS Garry Kasparov teve, aos 19 anos de idade, uma surpreendente performance, vencendo de forma contundente a competição de Moscou.

Torneio de Candidatos
Os 6 classificados dos Torneios Interzonais, junto de Viktor Korchnoi e Robert Hübner (finalistas da edição anterior) disputaram o Torneio de Candidatos em confrontos eliminatórios.

A final da competição foi protagonizada por enxadristas de duas gerações bem diferentes, o ex-campeão mundial Vasily Smyslov, aos 61 anos, enfrentou o jovem prodígio Gary Kasparov.

Match pelo título

O match estava programado para ocorrer em um número ilimitado de partidas, com o primeiro a vencer seis partidas vencendo o confronto.

A disputa teve muitos altos e baixos e um final bastante polêmico. Karpov começou de forma avassaladora. Depois de nove partidas, o campeão vencia Kasparov por 4 vitórias a 0. Muitos comentaristas chegaram a prever um placar de 6-0 em 18 partidas.

Entretanto, Kasparov iniciou uma tenaz resistência, empatando 17 partidas consecutivas. Karpov então venceu mais uma fazendo 5-0 e ficando a uma vitória de confirmar o título. Depois de mais alguns empates, Kasparov venceu a primeira, na partida 32. Outros 14 empates se seguiram, até a partida 46. O recorde anterior para uma disputa pelo título mundial havia sido de 34 partidas no match de 1927 entre José Raul Capablanca e Alexander Alekhine. Kasparov então venceu duas partidas seguidas, deixando o placar em 5–3 a favor de Karpov e o resultado final em aberto.

De forma polêmica, o match foi encerrado antes do fim por uma decisão unilateral do presidente da FIDE, Florencio Campomanes. Um novo match, jogado do zero, foi anunciado para começar alguns meses depois. Os dois jogadores afirmaram preferir que o match continuasse. Ao anunciar a sua decisão em uma conferência de imprensa, Campomanes justificou o cancelamento em nome da saúde dos jogadores, prejudicada pela duração do confronto (5 meses).

Campeonato Mundial de Xadrez
Desporto na União Soviética em 1984
1984 no xadrez
Competições de xadrez da União Soviética

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Exterior---cannon-balls-with-house
LOTZ HOUSE TO DEDICATE CIVIL WAR CANNON IN MEMORY OF
FALLEN FRANKLIN MARINE JOHN A. HUNDT
Franklin, Tenn. – The Lotz House is dedicating an authentic Civil War cannon in memory of fallen Franklin Marine John A. Hundt, a LCPL veteran in the United States Marine Corps Reserve who passed away last year. His father, Victor Hundt, completely restored the cannon used in the Battle of Chickamauga in his honor, and it will be dedicated at the Civil War house museum on Tuesday, May 2.
Lotz House Historian Thomas Y. Cartwright said, "When Mr. Hundt called to tell us his son's story and how he wanted to display this cannon in his name, we were privileged to accommodate his request to honor one of our own on these hallowed grounds that witnessed the Battle of Franklin 152 years ago where there were more than 10,000 casualties. We're honored to be able to perpetuate and remember John A. Hundt's service to our country."
The dedication will be held at 10:30 a.m. in front of the Lotz House with Cartwright serving as master of ceremonies along with a special patriotic melody by Lotz House Director of Group Sales and Community Relations Laura Westbrook. Hundt will share the story of his son and the cannon he restored in his honor. Refreshments will be served.
The Lotz House, which has been on the National Historic Register since 1976, is located in the heart of downtown historic Franklin, Tennessee at "epicenter" of the Battle of Franklin which was a pivotal battle in the Civil War on November 30, 1864.
The house is open Monday – Saturday 9 a.m. – 5 p.m. and Sunday 1 p.m. – 4 p.m. Admission charged. The Lotz House is located at 1111 Columbia Avenue. For more information, call 615-790-7190 or visit website is www.lotzhouse.com.


[ePalestine] COUNTERPUNCH: Support the Israeli Occupation; It's Tax Deductible!
Support the Israeli Occupation; It's Tax Deductible!
At first take, this seems groundbreaking, but a closer read reveals deep flaws that explain why this intelligent group has utterly failed!
What we're doing isn't working. In fact, it's making things worse.
The United States would allow visa-free entry for Israelis but Israel is unable or unwilling to reciprocate citing security concerns.
A legislative effort led by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee to enable Israelis to enter the United States without visas may be stymied by the government – Israel's government.
The hitch is Israel's inability or unwillingness to fully reciprocate, something required for visa-free travel to the United States. Israel, citing security concerns, insists on the right to refuse entry to some U.S. citizens.
AIPAC is pushing for an exemption for Israel from this rule. But congressional staffers say Israel is unlikely to get such an exemption, which U.S. lawmakers view as an attempt to bar Arab Americans from freely entering Israel.
"It's stunning that you would give a green light to another country to violate the civil liberties of Americans traveling abroad," said a staffer for one leading pro-Israel lawmaker in the U.S. House of Representatives.
The exemption AIPAC is pushing for appears in the Senate version of the U.S.-Israel Strategic Partnership Act, one of the key issues for which AIPAC urged supporters to lobby after its policy conference last month.
The language in that bill, proposed by Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.), requires that the Homeland Security secretary grant Israel visa waiver status after certifying with the secretary of state that Israel "has made every reasonable effort, without jeopardizing the security of the State of Israel, to ensure that reciprocal travel privileges are extended to all United States citizens."
House staffers say that lawmakers, pro-Israel leaders among them, have raised objections to the clause, "without jeopardizing the security of the State of Israel," because it appears to validate what they see as Israel's tendency to turn away Arab Americans without giving a reason.
None of the other 37 countries currently in the visa-free program has such a caveat written into law.
Israel's government has made clear that it likely would not join the visa waiver program without such language in the law, JTA has learned. Israeli officials told JTA that U.S. citizens already are free to travel to Israel and that there is no need for holders of American passports to obtain a tourist visa before traveling.
But there have been numerous reports in recent years that Israel routinely turns away or makes difficult the entry of Americans with Muslim and Arab names, often without explaining why. The State Department, in its Israel travel advisory, warns that "U.S. citizens whom Israeli authorities suspect of being of Arab, Middle Eastern, or Muslim origin" may be denied "entry or exit without explanation."
James Zogby, the president of the Arab American Institute, which has lobbied against the Senate language, said passage of such a law would codify discriminatory treatment.
"It is ratifying Israel's position of creating two classes of citizen," said Zogby, who said he has been subject to long waits when entering Israel.
One recent case that made headlines was that of Nour Joudah, a Palestinian American who was teaching at the Friends School in Ramallah. Joudah, who had traveled to Jordan for Christmas, was denied reentry to Israel although she had a one-year multiple entry visa, and despite the fact that the Israeli Embassy in Washington had advocated for her reentry.
The Ramallah school receives U.S. funding, promotes non-violence and teaches about the Holocaust, noted a congressional staffer. "This is the model of coexistence," the staffer said.
Shin Bet, Israel's internal security service, told Haaretz earlier this year that Joudah had not cooperated during security questioning. Joudah told Haaretz that the encounter with Israeli security at times had been argumentative but said she answered all questions.
Critics of Israel's entry practices say authorities appear to turn away Americans for political, not security reasons. Joudah told Haaretz that Israeli security officials had asked her about her published writings. While in Ramallah, she had blogged for Electronic Intifada, an anti-Zionist website. In one post, she sharply criticized Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas for intimating that it was time to relinquish a Palestinian "right of return" to Israel.
Pro-Israel insiders said it's still too early to tell how this bill will fare in Congress.
The House version of the same bill, initiated by Reps. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-Fla.) and Ted Deutch (D-Fla.), stops short of an exemption, asking only for reports from the secretary of state on what steps Israel has taken to comply with inclusion in the visa waiver program.
The exemption language in the Senate version is borrowed from a separate stand-alone House bill initiated by Rep. Brad Sherman (D-Calif.), called the Visa Waiver for Israel Act.
It's not clear whether the Senate language or the House language will prevail as the bills progress through committees and then into conference. Spokespeople for Boxer and AIPAC declined to comment.
For years, top pro-Israel lawmakers in Congress have been stymied in efforts to add Israel to the visa waiver program, and not just by the reciprocity issue. Other reasons have been Israel's failure to stay under the maximum 3 percent threshold of denied visas, and concerns in Congress' Homeland Security and Intelligence Committees that granting visa-free access to Israel's Arab minority could pose a security risk to the United States.
Sherman and other advocates of granting Israel visa waiver status dismiss those concerns.
"There are far more Arab Frenchmen than there are Arab Israelis and there are far more Muslims in Brunei than there are in Israel," Sherman told JTA. Both countries are on the visa waiver list. "It is not our intention in the visa waiver program to discriminate on the basis of religion."
Sherman and other backers of the bill also noted that at least five nations that exceeded the 3 percent visa refusal threshold were allowed into the program in recent years, and those nations' refusal rates were higher than Israel's 5.4 percent refusal rate.
Julie Fishman, an assistant legislative director at the American Jewish Committee, which backs both versions of the bill, said that Israel's relatively low visa refusal rate under current visa procedures – which include heavy screening -- suggest that concerns about Israel's Arab minority were overblown.
Sherman said that adding Israel to the visa waiver program would end discrimination, not advance it. He described the opposition as part of the attempt to delegitimize Israel.
"There are thousands of people with Arab American backgrounds who visit Israel each year and they face far less hassle than Israeli Christians, Jews or Muslims trying to visit the United States," he said.
Palestinians are 'fed up' with peace talks and demand action, which the US Secretary of State, John Kerry, is unlikely to provide on his Israeli visit, argued Palestinian activist Sam Bahour, in his interview with RT.
But activist, Sam Bahour, believes the US official's attempts are likely to fail as the Palestinians are firm about not starting any peace talks while they remain under Israeli occupation.
According to a British researcher, the work of the Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee reflects another example of Israel's Ability to coerce and restrict the Palestinian population.
The major projects to expand the water infrastructure in West Bank settlements, undertaken between 1995 and 2008, were carried out with the approval of the Palestinian Authority after it was made clear that otherwise Israel would not allow the PA to repair and improve the water infrastructure serving its own population. Dr. Jan Selby of the international relations department at Britain's University of Sussex found this to be the case after studying the minutes of 142 of the 176 meetings of the Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee that took place during that 13-year period.
The Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) informed Haaretz, however, that during nearly the past three years, it has refused to approve such undertakings in the settlements.
The JWC was established as part of the Oslo accords, and even though it was originally allotted five years in which to operate (a length of time designated as an interim period), it still exists to this day in its original format, and continues to meet, with the official aim of protecting, supervising and developing the trans-boundary water resource known as the mountain aquifer.
Selby disputes the academic literature that sees the committee as an example of positive cooperation that serves to preserve and develop shared water sources. He claims the committee not only represents another dimension of asymmetry and of Israel's ability to coerce, limit and impose conditions on the Palestinians, but also that its activity has enabled the entrenchment of Israel's takeover of the West Bank. According to Selby, at least some of the donor countries to the PA, who funded Palestinian water projects, have been aware of the extortionate dimension of the JWC, "but preferred to remain silent on the issue." The water article in the Oslo accords meant to expand the Palestinian independent water grid and adjust the quantities to the needs of the growing population. But ironically, during the years of cooperation, and according to Selby because of Israeli limitations, the Palestinian dependency on water bought from Israel only increased.
Selby cross-referenced the information in the minutes with the specifics of the projects. That is, he found that the proportion of Palestinian projects approved by the JWC and by the Supreme Planning Council of the Civil Administration was in those years lower than the proportion of projects approved for the settlements: 66 percent of the Palestinian requests to drill wells as compared to 100 percent of the Israeli requests; between 50 to 80 percent of Palestinian water supply networks were approved as compared to 100 percent for the settlers; 58 percent of the wastewater treatment plants for the Palestinians and 96 percent for the settlers.
During the years that Selby researched, Israel submitted to the JWC far fewer projects for approval than the Palestinians did, 135 versus 600, respectively. Such a gap is understandable, considering that the Palestinian population is today seven times the size of the settlers population in the West Bank and that upon receiving responsibilities over its population, in 1994, the PA inherited from Israel's pre-Oslo direct occupation a neglected water system and hundreds of communities which were not connected to it.
Despite the numerical gap in the projects, the capacity of the Israeli water installations that were approved is far greater than that of the Palestinian facilities, both in relative and in absolute terms. The average diameter of water pipes used for the Palestinian population is 2 inches, as compared to 8 inches or 12 inches for the Israelis. The 174 water reservoir projects for the Palestinians that were approved have a total capacity of 167,950 cubic centimeters, as compared to 28 projects for the settlers with a total capacity of 132,250 cubic centimeters. The average capacity of an Israeli reservoir is 4,724 cubic centimeters, whereas the average for a Palestinian one is 965.
These disparities stem largely from the fact that most of the Israeli projects the JWC approved were for water networks linking settlements to one another, as well as connecting them to the water infrastructure in Israel proper. None of the Israeli requests to the JWC that Selby examined were for networks within the built-up areas of the settlements.
The Palestinian requests, however, concerned water networks both within and between Palestinian locales. Selby also notes that for Palestinian pipelines within Area C, the waiting time is several times longer because a whole additional series of authorizations is required, from both the Civil Administration and the army. Furthermore, the time required for approval by the JWC was different: on average, 11 months for a Palestinian project and two months for an Israeli project.
There are projects for which it took much longer to obtain approval, especially in the case of drilling wells. Israel rejected the seven requests to drill new wells in the western basin, and approved two out of nine requests to drill alternative wells instead of those which had dried up. In the aquifer's eastern basin, Israel often opposed the drilling of wells at the best sites from the hydro-geological perspective, compelling the PA instead to do its drilling at a less productive site.
Selby claims it would be incorrect to read the projects the PA submitted for the committee's approval as independent and practical ones that were proposed in line with the population's needs. The PA selected them and submitted the requests on the basis of previous knowledge, anticipating what was likely to be rejected, and what had a better chance of being accepted. In the knowledge that a small-diameter pipe had a greater chance of gaining approval, for instance, a proposed project was "tailored" in accordance with that assumption and did not necessarily reflect the objective needs of the society and its natural growth in the future.
Selby writes that the PA went along with the JWC regime because it had no alternative. Nonetheless, he notes, "It is hard to avoid the conclusion that PA compliance with the JWC regime, while primarily a consequence of encirclement, occupation and dependency, is also something for which it holds a degree of responsibility."
He notes that after 2010, when the Palestinians took a more principled stance in the JWC and refused to approve projects in the settlements, it led to a stalemate in the work of the committee.
Israel Water Authority spokesman Uri Schor's response: "The entire issue of water and sewage infrastructure involving the State of Israel and the PA was arranged with full agreement in an interim accord signed by both sides and in the presence of the United States, Russia, Egypt and others as witnesses. Among the agreements was establishment of a joint (Israeli-Palestinian) commission which, in its capacity of implementing the accord, was authorized to discuss and approve projects for both sides, and this is how things are being done."
The Palestinian Water Authority has sent the following response: "Selby's claim that the Palestinian side has approved settlement projects is only partly true. Today, and for almost three years now, no Israeli settlement related project has been approved by the Palestinian side in the JWC. This has brought the JWC to an impasse and deadlock as the Israeli side is conditioning approval of Palestinian projects in the JWC on approval by the Palestinian side for Israeli settlement projects, which we refuse to do. Today the JWC discussions are mainly limited to pricing issues.
"The main reason why settlement related water supply lines have been approved in the past is that most Palestinian communities in the West Bank receive their water supply from the lines that feed the Israeli settlements. Due to the need to supply water to these communities and the Israeli refusal to approve new systems solely serving Palestinian communities, the Palestinian hand was forced to agree to projects of such nature. Also the Israeli side has always conditioned the approval of Palestinian projects on approval by Palestine of Israeli projects, despite repeated Palestinian attempts to reject this conditionality. Due to the need to construct, develop, rehabilitate and upgrade Palestinian systems to supply much needed water, the Palestinian hand was forced to approve some of the Israeli projects.
"Lastly, it is important to keep in mind the overall political context of the agreement on water, which was only intended as an interim agreement. The expectation was the settlements will be evacuated following a permanent status agreement and that any approvals thus will only be of temporary nature until evacuation occurs. However, following the failure of permanent status negotiations and the realization that Israel does not intend to roll back its occupation and colonization enterprise, it became clear that settlement projects will have a lasting effect and will erode the two state solution, and thus the Palestinians have rejected since several years to approve any settlement projects."
Much analysis of Israeli apartheid focuses on comparisons with South Africa. Al-Shabaka Policy Advisor Samer Abdelnour argues that the specific characteristics of Israel's unique brand of apartheid need to be better understood in order to successfully dismantle it. He identifies three inter-locking dimensions of Israeli apartheid: physical, architecture, and ideological. Examining apartheid through these dimensions, he reveals Israeli apartheid to be far more sophisticated than that of South Africa and suggests directions for thinking and action to overcome Israel apartheid.