Creation order intentionally purposes the roles of men and women in the church. Men, do not dress or present yourselves in ways that symbolize that you are a woman, for to do so brings shame both on yourself and your authority, Christ. You are to remain distinct from how a woman dresses because you are her authority and are called to lead her. Women, do not neglect to fulfill your role as functionally submissive to male leadership, humble and dress yourselves in a way proper to females and distinguishable from man, because he is your authority. When you pray and/or prophesy in the church, do so in a posture that seeks to honour your male leaders. Know that your submission does not imply that you are inferior in worth, essence or being, rather, like Christ and His Father, who are equal in essence and divinity, so too are you and man, equal in God's created image and value.
c even as I delivered them to you.
and f the head of Christ is God.
since it is the same i as if her head were shaven.
BECAUSE, to be without a head covering would give the appearance of looking like a man/her husband.
then she should cut her hair short.
THEREFORE, a woman/wife should cover her head.
but k woman is the glory of man.
but m woman for man.
so man is now born of woman.
And o all things are from God.
IN OTHER WORDS, use reason!
is it proper for a wife to pray to God with her head uncovered?
QUESTION: Should a woman/wife pray (in public assembly) without covering her head?
it is her glory ?
nor do q the churches of God.
don't look like your husband, because you were not made like your husband, and you are particular/distinct in your role as his wife (not inferior). To dress like your husband, is to show open rebellion against the created order (to want to be/look like your husband).
praying/prophesying in the public assembly - from context that these chapters = referring to public worship and next chapter has to do with Lord's Supper - these are commands of what women and men should do/dress like in public worship, the point of prophesy = to edify the church (not a private expression - 1 Cor 14:1-5; 29-33a), and 1 Cor 14:33b-36 shows that not all forms of speaking for women are prohibited in public gathering (just not teaching from the Word of God/exercising authority) - thus, women can prophesy in public, but not weigh prophesy for that would require teaching. If they do prophesy/pray in public - wear a head covering to show you are in submission and humble to male headship and it is something that separates who the women are from the men (something that looks distinct to the women).
Woman honours (glories) man, just as her hair is her honour (glory), which contrasts men and how they are dishonoured/disgraced if they grow out long hair (14b) - woman should honour man, and such honouring comes by wearing a head covering showing that man is her authority/head.
Paul wants the woman to wear a head covering because such adornment appropriately distinguishes women from men. Indeed, the focus on male headship over women in verse 3 shows that Paul wants women to wear a head covering in order to show that they are submissive to male headship (Schreiner, pg. 126).
Nature - definition - " the natural and instinctive sense of right and wrong that God has planted in us, especially with respect to sexuality" (Schreiner, pg. 128 - and his reference to how Paul uses "nature" and "teach" elsewhere, e.g. Roms 1:26-27) How you wear your hair, is indicative of your willingness to abide by creation order.
Wearing a head covering, in the context of the Corinthians, shows that women and men are inherently different (not unequally worthy). If a woman wants to prophesy or pray without looking distinct from men (or being distinct from men), then she is negating the God's intention in creation. Further, how you wear your hair signifies your willingness to abide to the created order - women have long hair, because it is distinctly feminine, and men don't have long hair, because it is to keep women distinct from you.
This point is still sticky for me. In one way, it is certainly easier to understand the "custom/practice" he is speaking of to be the contentiousness, but women wearing head coverings in public worship fits the description of a "custom/practice" far better.
Did you consider the possibility that Paul might be ironically saying, "But if anyone wants to fight me on my instructions for you regarding head coverings, know that it is not actually what we practice where we are at, nor what the churches in general do. (I.e. I am merely instructing you in this because it is the accepted cultural distinction in Corinth/among you; if there is another way you would want to express this distinction, go for it.)"
Can you think of any precedent in Paul's instructions elsewhere for considering this sense?
This was actually something I was thinking about (that Paul is saying, possibly, that they don't do this, nor do the other churches of God, but the principle of having a church that demarcates its men (and in particular, its male leaders) from its women is still necessary, and that, further, it's possible that this situation is unique to the Corinthian church(es)), but all the [limited] commentaries I read on this, do not seem to read it this way.
I was swayed by the argument simply because I am not familiar with the Greek, and because I can readily acquiesce to the logic of others who say, "we are not contentious with the Corinthians, because it is something all of us are already doing".
As to where Paul might use similar reasoning to your suggestion, I find might be in the same book/letter to the Corinthians in chapter 9:19-22 (although the passage focuses on Paul's surrendered rights to payment from the church for the sake of the gospel). Paul says he adopts these foreign and sometimes backwards cultural practices for the sake of more effectively ministering the gospel and saving some. My thinking here is that though these practices are not held in other parts of Christendom, they are nevertheless permissible, and maybe even encouraged, among ministers, especially for those who lead within that particular culture, so that the people there might gain salvation.
Perhaps Gal 2 can be of help as well in Paul's rebuke to Peter, but I shall digress for now to think on it more. Again, I welcome your interjections, thoughts, admonitions and challenges in the interim.
Clearly you are relying on a book from Schreiner for much of your arc. Which book are you referring to?
Also, would you mind expanding Schreiner's thought here a little? I see you are not 100% convinced by it given your question mark, but nonetheless it would be helpful for my consideration.
I'm referring to Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (eds. Piper and Grudem) - chapter 5 - essay by Prof. Schreiner - I am also referring to a couple of other online articles, but the most persuasive and most relied on for/by me was Prof. Schreiner's paper.
I think that this particular proposition took me the longest to paraphrase. One of the reasons for this is because Prof. Schreiner, himself, does not give an in depth explanation of this passage. It is almost something he explains in passing, and his reason for his short explanation is that it's uncertain (even to a scholar like him) what truly Paul meant here.
In my mind, the way I originally thought of this passage is that Paul is [almost] making a comparison here between women and angels (that is the woman's submission to man, is similar to the angel's submission to God), but the more I thought of this, the less okay with it I became, because he's already made this comparison for us in verse 3 but to in a more foundational way (woman to man is like Christ to God).
So, by inference, it seems like the inclusion of the angels in this passage is to highlight that they are doing something, rather than being compared to something. The only thing I could come up with, likened with Prof. Schreiner's explanation, is that they are trying to help us uphold and restore this creation order, which was corrupted by humans.
If you want, I can probably expand on this even more, but for the sake of not overburdening you, I think I'll pause here.
First off, let me encourage you for how God has chosen to use you to speak to me. A brother and I have been struggling through this passage for several days during a daily devotional time we have together. We had not yet turned to commentaries, but simply were wrestling through the Greek and logical flow via an arc. As is true for many, we have been pretty baffled, though have been trusting the Lord to provide insight as we persevere.
As I opened my computer a couple days ago to continue working on this text, I noticed that there were a few new published pages needing approval. That is, I just needed to make sure that there was nothing profane in them before they are fully published. I typically spend all of one second per page I am approving, often not even taking note to which scripture text is used. However, this time, before clicking to look at the pages, the thought went through my head, "I wonder if God might help me out with 1Cor 11:2-16 through one of these pages." Understand, I don't recall any thought of this sort ever going through my mind with regard to approving published pages—I normally do it just robotically. But this time, I did think such a thing, and your arc was the first the pop up. Thus, you (and God) had my attention!!
And your arc is really helpful, particularly your accompanying paraphrase. It has been a great aid to me in seeing how all the pieces of this text can fit together. I will comment on a couple specifics in separate comments, but first wanted to share this general, thankful sentiment.
Thank you for your kind and encouraging words! Quite honestly, I posted this arc because it is something that I and my church (or some people in our church) are currently grappling with as well. I am encouraged (even more so), because of how God's sovereignty seek to unify His church all over the world through His Word!
I also want to thank you because, while I completed your arcing course via audit, it has been such a blessing to me! I am constantly astounded at how God has used you not only to build this website (and your team, if you have a team), but also how you continue to use it to disciple people all across the world. God Bless you and your ministry!
To be very very honest, and as you noticed in your other comment, much of my arc was aided by my personal study not only of the text, but of what other people have said, particularly the essay from Prof. Schreiner in Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (eds. Piper and Grudem). I also have to admit that because of the informal setting in which I am studying this passage, my citations are incomplete (and not fully reflective of what I've read). So I thank you for your patience and encouragement despite the obvious failings of the arc (and the paraphrasing/notes therein).
As I have not had your personal reflections, encouragements and discipleship, I welcome anything and everything you have to say about what you see here! It is a deep privilege for me to hear your wisdom on these things.


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Top 20 Places to Take Kids in Denver, CO
Denver's favorite places to take kids for 2021
There are literally hundreds of wonderful places to take your kids in greater Denver! Each year, we survey Denver parents to find out where they love to take their kids. 2020's results are below. And make sure to sign up for our fantastic FREE weekly newsletter with dozens of ideas each week for local stuff to do with kids, many of them free.
© 2021 KidsOutAndAbout.com. This information may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without the express written permission of KidsOutAndAbout.com.
1. Denver Zoo
Denver Zoo is a leader in connecting people to the awe and importance of wild animals while providing unparalleled care, educational experiences, and local and global conservation efforts that help save wild places and wildlife. Denver Zoo's community passionately supports our mission everyday: Inspiring Communities to Save Wildlife for Future Generations.
2. Denver Museum of Nature & Science
At the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, you will experience world-class wildlife displays that take you to Earth's wildest places, huge dinosaurs that transport you back in time, interactive space exhibits that make your mind wonder, and personalized health science fun that puts your body to the test. Phipps IMAX 3D Theater places you on the edge of your seat and in the middle of the action, and Gates Planetarium is your ticket to the universe.
Whether you have an hour or all day, with family or on your own, your mind will open to real science and adventure that dazzles, enlightens, and inspires.
3. Carousel of Happiness
The Carousel of Happiness is a one-of-a-kind, magical menagerie with 57 whimsical, hand-carved animals on a restored 1910 Looff carousel, turning to the music of a 1913 Wurlitzer band organ. Open year-round in the small mountain town of Nederland on the Peak-to-Peak Highway, the Carousel makes a great day-trip from Denver. The Carousel also features an upstairs puppet theater where children can engage in creative play after they ride.
4. Kids Wonder
South Denver Metro's only play facility for children 0 to 8 providing a wide range of fun activities dedicated to intentional play in a safe environment. Kids Wonder's 13,000 square foot play center offers children many opportunities to challenge themselves as they learn to navigate social relationships and unleash the power of their imaginations.
5. My Local Library
Of course, the libraries in the Denver area are not really ONE place, but MANY places... but it's important to emphasize how valuable libraries are for family learning and fun. The libraries in our area are wonderful about posting their events to the KidsOutAndAbout calendar so you always can get ideas for free things to do with your kids that celebrate education and imagination. KidsOutAndAbout.com takes this opportunity to salute the wonderful children's librarians who serve our community with such dedication. They're proud that locals voted them to the list of best places to take kids this year!
Libraries In The Denver Area
6. Anderson Farms
Anderson Farms is Colorado's largest fall family entertainment destination. Activities include wagon rides to the pumpkin patch with over 70 varieties of pumpkins, squash and gourds, a 25 acre corn maze, barrel train, pedal karts, jump pads, combine slide, farm animals and more! For the more adventurous, Anderson Farms offers Terror in the Corn, an outdoor haunted attraction, Zombie Paintball Hunt and campfire rental after dark.
New in 2021! Anderson Farms opens July 30th for U-Pick Sunflowers. Wander and take photos though 15 acres of 17 varieties of sunflowers. Purchase a bag or bucket to take home your own beautiful bouquet. Tickets available online.
7. Cheyenne Mountain Zoo
Cheyenne Mountain Zoo is like no other zoo – on a mountainside overlooking Colorado Springs. Feed our world-renowned giraffe herd, hop alongside the wallabies, and feel the powerful roars of our lion pride. Don't miss Water's Edge: Africa, home to hippos, African penguins, warthogs and lemurs. Our interactive beach gives penguins access to waddle alongside you, and you'll see eye-to-eye with our hippos at the edge of their pool. A rope bridge will give you up-close, overhead views of the hippo yard.
Our guests contribute $500,000 per year to conservation efforts worldwide. Each admission generates 75¢ for conservation, so you can do good while you have fun!
8. Rocky Mountain National Park
Rocky Mountain National Park's 415 square miles encompass and protect spectacular mountain environments. Enjoy Trail Ridge Road – which crests at over 12,000 feet including many overlooks to experience the subalpine and alpine worlds – along with over 300 miles of hiking trails, wildflowers, wildlife, starry nights, and fun times. In a world of superlatives, Rocky is on top!
9. WOW! Children's Museum
WOW! Children's Museum engages all families in educational, hands-on experiences that connect curiosity, creativity, and discovery. WOW! is committed to providing STREAM focused exhibits and programs that fosters creative and innovative thinking and nurtures a love of learning.
10. Denver Botanic Gardens
The mission of Denver Botanic Gardens is to connect people with plants, especially plants from the Rocky Mountain region and similar regions around the world, providing delight and enlightenment to everyone. A wide variety of programs are available for children and families to explore plants and the natural world. Mordecai Children's Garden is closed summer 2020 due to COVID-19, but some in-person and virtual family programs are available. Visit www.botanicgardens.org for a complete list.
11. Children's Museum of Denver at Marsico Campus
At Children's Museum of Denver at Marsico Campus, you can do it all. Whether you're navigating through a 3 ½ story climber, stepping inside a 6-foot bubble, sculpting a clay masterpiece or powering a hot balloon, there is always something new to explore. Every day, our expertly designed exhibits and programs encourage kid-powered learning and open doors for Colorado's curious young minds to express what they know and to discover, create and explore more - on their own terms.
12. Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park
Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park offers world-class attractions with small-town friendliness from its mountain-top setting overlooking Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Glenwood Caverns is known for its multiple cave tours that provide an opportunity to get fresh air and exercises and it is the only mountaintop theme park in the United States.
13. Dinosaur Ridge
Dinosaur Ridge is an outdoor dinosaur and geology museum 20 minutes west of Denver near Morrison, Colorado.
Our site features a world-famous dinosaur tracksite with over 300 dinosaur footprints for you and your friends and family to explore! They were made during the Cretaceous Period (100 million years ago) and are still right where the dinosaurs left them, though the environment has changed a bit. Further along the trail are a few dozen dinosaur bones dating back to the Jurassic Period (150 million years ago) from Stegosaurus, the Colorado State Fossil, Apatosaurus (formerly known as Brontosaurus), and Allosaurus, the meat-eating dinosaur. Come explore our fossils with your friends and family! We're the best outdoor museum in Colorado!
14. Downtown Aquarium
The entertainment and dining complex features a public aquarium boasting more than a million gallons of underwater exhibits that highlight fascinating ecosystems around the world. Downtown Aquarium houses over 500 species of animals, the interactive Stingray Reef touch tank, Aquarium Restaurant, Dive Lounge, the Nautilus Ballroom and amusements for the entire family.
15. Elitch Gardens
Since 1890, Elitch Gardens in Denver has been America's only downtown theme and water park. The park is open May through October with 53 rides, live shows, thrilling roller coasters, an entire water park, and Fright Fest in October.
16. Colorado Railroad Museum
There's something amazing about trains. The familiar whistle has always promised adventure. The gentle rock of the rails has set the rhythm of our lives. Experience it again at the Colorado Railroad Museum with over 100 narrow and standard gauge steam and diesel locomotives, passenger cars, cabooses and G-scale garden railway on our 15-acre railyard.
Also, see our exhibit galleries, renowned library, roundhouse restoration facility and working turntable. Visit the General Store with thousands of train gifts for every rail fan. Group rates and programs available.
17. Colorado Rockies
The Rockies are Denver's Major League Baseball franchise. They are currently members of the National League West Division. Their home venue is Coors Field.
18. Garden of the Gods Visitor & Nature Center
The Garden of the Gods Visitor & Nature Center is the gateway to our world-class Garden of the Gods Park. Serving as the educational heart of the park, The Visitor & Nature Center offers 30 state-of-the-art interactive exhibits that teach visitors of all ages about the plants, wildlife, geology, and ecology of the area, as well as the history of the Indigenous Americans who visited the park.
From nature walks, Geo-Trekker Theater, arts & crafts, children's programs, and history talks -- the Garden of the Gods Visitor & Nature Center hosts a wide variety of fun and educational experiences year-round. Every guest has different passions and interests, so a variety of programs have been created to encourage visitors to enjoy the park in the way which is most meaningful to them. There is an expansive activity calendar with programs and events for every member of the family - rock climbing, hiking, yoga, adventure tours, interpretation, meditation, painting – the sky's the limit at the Garden of the Gods Visitor & Nature Center! Stop by and learn what makes us one of the premiere family destinations on the Front Range!
19. Sunflower Farm
Sunflower Farm is a rural haven in Longmont, Colorado and is a educational demonstration farm. This farm has a preschool, school-aged program and summer camps, which integrate farm, nature and animals to foster deep curiosity, exploration and play, allowing endless opportunity for education, profound growth and self awareness. With every kind of farm animal you can imagine, this working farm is also open to the public, in an event called Farmfest, as well as this year they have introduced summer music evenings, hosting local musicians and food trucks for an evening of music, as the sun sets. Sunflower Farm invites you to come laugh, explore, dream, and play as you and your family enjoy the serene combination of nature, animals and farm life. During your visit, you can pet the goats, sheep and llama, jump from hay bale to hay bale, play in the playhouse and giant sandbox silo, explore the tree forts, balance on the slack line and peruse the airplane. Water play is available on hot days and marshmallows are for sale to toast over the bonfire on cooler days. This visit is unlike any other. Reservations are required and available online to purchase, under "Visit Us" and "Farmfest".
20. Tiny Town and Tiny Town Railroad
Historic Colorado landmark since 1915. More than 100 hand-crafted miniature buildings in a town, rural and mountain setting. Authentic steam train rides.
Winners in Special Categories
In the second part of our survey, we asked readers to select their favorites in three categories. Here were their choices.
Top Arts Educator
Arvada Center for the Arts and Humanities
The Arvada Center celebrates and elevates the human condition with engaging arts, humanities, education, and entertainment that expand the cultural landscape for everyone who visits us.
Top Sports Educator
YMCA of Metro Denver
At the YMCA, we ❤ kids. We offer summer day and adventure camps; youth sports - baseball, basketball, soccer, tennis and volleyball; swim lessons for every age; early and out of school time child care; summer learning Power Scholars Academy program; and Youth in Government program. Across our 6 wellness centers and multiple program sites, we build healthy spirit, mind and body.
Top STEM Educator
Butterfly Pavilion
Butterfly Pavilion is an Association of Zoos and Aquariums-accredited nonprofit invertebrate zoo home to thousands of animals from all over the world! Experience our indoor tropical conservatory with over 1,600 free-flying butterflies, hold Rosie our famous tarantula, explore incredible adaptations of sea stars, bees, beetles, spiders, and so much more!
We work to foster an appreciation of invertebrates by educating the public about the need to protect and care for threatened habitats globally, while conducting research for solutions in invertebrate conservation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Barons & Potter started very much as it means to go on – with great friends over a few fine wines!
Add Barb & Roy – Very best friends of Angela & Chris and highly industrious and innovative business owners. As the masterminds behind multiple highly regarded companies spanning from furniture and beauty, to groceries and racehorses, Barb and Roy bring invaluable experience of NZ and international markets to the Barons & Potter Dream Team. Many years of chief wine tasting duties (namely alongside Angela and Chris) has seen Barb and Roy become proven wine aficionados with a speciality in, but clearly by no means limited to, Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc.
And so Barons & Potter has friendship at its heart. This proud wine family is all about handcrafted wines created by boutique wineries and cutting-edge winemakers, but, most importantly, those who are our close friends.
This elegant chardonnay deserves an equally elegant companion and a creamy shrimp fettuccine alfredo pairs beautifully. Both softly textured, complex in their own rights, an exquisite harmony found.
"As the name suggests, The Count is a stylishly elegant wine. Violet and red berry aromas captivate the senses. Rich plum, cassis, with a touch of spice characteristics lead to a full bodied and vibrant wine with a well textured and layered finish."
Wine Maker – Hamish Jardine.
The Marquis is a wonderful expression of a beautifully fruity Waipara Pinot Noir. The 2016 Pinot Noir displays ripe berry fruit aromas, supported by a hint of oak. The palate is beautifully textured, rich and balanced with a rounded finish.
Brilliant salmon-pink in colour, the 2016 Saignée Pinot Noir Rosé is refreshing and full of flavour. Food friendly, vibrant though gentle, this summertime rosé delivers a gorgeous explosion of sunshine with a touch of sweetness in the mouth. The nose is packed with light aromas of strawberries, citrus, and a touch of minerality. The palate is dry with light strawberry and mineral flavours. The wine ends with a refreshing mouth feel and light acidity.
"Richly aromatic, Empress is classically Marlborough. Vibrant tropical fruit characters on the nose, passionfruit and mango. Textured and elegant on the plate, herbaceous with fresh acidity, finishing beautifully long and succulent. This is Sauvignon Blanc in all her finery. "
"A rich, moderately weighty Chardonnay with a creamy texture and white peach, ripe apple and nutty oak flavours. The wine has good weight and a pleasing mouth-feel. Drink 2016 to 2021."
"This is elegant yet flavoursome and vibrant, displaying lifted aromas of stone fruit, green rockmelon, feijoa and sweet basil on the nose. The palate is succulent and rounded, and offers pristine fruit flavours together with fine texture and refreshing acidity, finishing long and zesty. The wine offers lovely mouthfeel and harmony. At its best: now to 2019. "
"Bright, very pale straw colour with slight green hues, near colourless on the rim. This has a softly full and gentle nose with a harmonious amalgam of gooseberries and passionfruit, with nuances of tropical fruits, melons, fresh herbs and cut grass. Dry to taste and medium-bodied, the palate features bright and lively fruit flavours of gooseberries and passionfruit with melon, herbal and lifted cut grass elements. The fruit is up-front and accessible and guided by fine, grainy phenolic textures, and fresh, lacy acidity providing a thirst-quenching mouthfeel. The wine carries to a refreshing, zesty, dry finish. This is a bright and harmoniously flavoured Sauvignon Blanc with gooseberries, passionfruit, herbs and cut grass on a fresh, grainy, dry finishing palate"
"Bright, light, golden-hued straw-yellow, paler on the rim. The nose is soft and full with aromas of fresh yellow stonefruits interwoven with notes of ripe citrus and tropical fruits and integrated nutty nuances. The nose has an underlying freshness. Medium-bodied, bright and fresh flavours of white and yellow stonefruits and citrus fruit are the feature on the palate. The mouthfeel is lively and vibrant with a soft-textured core and nuances of creamy barrel-ferment.
Lacy acidity carries the wine to a long, soft, finish with creamy oak suggestions. This is a fresh, bright Chardonnay with stonefruit and citrus fruit flavours and subtle creamy and nutty notes, and soft textures. Match with seafood, poultry and pork dishes over the next 3+ years. Fruit from the 'Crab Farm' vineyard from 10 y.o. vines, stainless-steel fermented to 14.0% alc., the wine aged on less with partial barrel maturation in French oak."
"A supple red with raspberry, plum, violet, herb and pepper flavours plus a seasoning of spicy, varnishlike oak. A pleasant red in an accessible style. Drink 2016 to 2020."
"It is generously expressed on the nose showing yellow peach, mandarin, fig and subtle toasted almond characters. The palate delivers succulent fruit flavours, enhanced by creamy texture and bright acidity. It is richly fruited yet finely poised and balanced with a persistent finish. A gorgeous chardonnay filled with appealing flavours. At its best: now to 2018."
"Dark, deep, black-hued red colour, with light ruby on the edge. The nose is softly full and gentle in expression, showing aromas of savoury red berry fruits, tobacco, dried herbs and earth, all harmoniously integrated, unfolding fresh herb and curranty detail with aeration. Medium-bodied, lively flavours of earthy red fruits are entwined with savoury dried and dark herbs, tobacco and currants, and form a moderately dense core. The mouthfeel is balanced with soft, supple tannins and enlivened by fresh, underlying acidity.
The wine carries smoothly to a gentle, earthy finish. This is a soft, but lively and savoury red-fruited Cabernet Franc blend with dried herb and earthy flavours. Match with casseroles and game meats dishes over the next 4 years. A blend of 50% Cabernet Franc from the 'Crab Farm' vineyard, 20% Merlot from the 'Shingle Pit' vineyard, with 20% Malbec and 10% Syrah, from 10 y.o. vines, fermented to 13.0% alc., the wine aged 18 months in barrel."
"The lifted bouquet shows dark plum, blueberry, spice and dried herb characters with subtle floral lift. It is elegant and brightly flavoured on the palate displaying attractive fruit weight, fine texture and chalky tannins. A nicely balanced and structured Bordeaux-style red designed to partner flavoursome meat dishes. At its best: now to 2019."
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Le Cercopitecine (Cercopithecinae, Gray, 1821)  costituiscono una sottofamiglia di scimmie del vecchio mondo che comprende le tribù dei Papionini (babbuini, macachi, mandrilli) e Cercopithecini (cercopitechi di varie specie).

Distribuzione
La maggior parte delle specie vive nell'Africa subsahariana, ma i macachi sono diffusi anche in regioni dell'Asia, nell'Africa settentrionale e a Gibilterra. Gli habitat sono molto vari, dalla foresta pluviale a zone rocciose.

Descrizione
Tutte le specie hanno canini di grandi dimensioni e pollici ben sviluppati. L'aspetto generale varia nettamente tra le specie adattate alla vita arboricola e quelle che svolgono prevalentemente attività al suolo: le prime sono snelle e hanno una lunga coda, le seconde hanno una corporatura più massiccia e una coda corta, che può ridursi a un semplice moncone o addirittura ad un residuo vestigiale.

Biologia
Tutte le specie sono diurne e vivono in gruppi. La maggior parte delle specie sono onnivore.

La gestazione dura tra sei e sette mesi e viene alla luce un solo cucciolo. La maturità sessuale giunge tra 3 e 5 anni di età; l'aspettazione di vita in alcune specie può arrivare a 50 anni.

Tassonomia
La sottofamiglia comprende 72 specie, raggruppate in 12 generi e due tribù:

Sottofamiglia Cercopithecinae
 Tribù Cercopithecini
 Genere Allenopithecus (1 specie)
 Genere Allochrocebus (3 specie)
 Genere Cercopithecus (22 specie)
 Genere Chlorocebus (6 specie)
 Genere Erythrocebus (1 specie)
 Genere Miopithecus (2 specie)
 Tribù Papionini
 Genere Cercocebus (6 specie)
 Genere Lophocebus (3 specie)
 Genere Macaca (22 specie)
 Genere Mandrillus (2 specie)
 Genere Papio (6 specie)
 Genere Rungwecebus (1 specie)
 Genere Theropithecus (1 specie)

Alcune immagini

Bibliografia
 Gippoliti Spartaco, Visalberghi Elisabetta:   Ordine Primates: elenco delle specie viventi, nome italiano e grado di minaccia, Rivista di Antropologia (Roma) Vol. 79 (2001), pp. 33-44

Voci correlate
 Classificazione dei Primati

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Cercopitecidi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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←Back to Home | Back to Breaking News
SENATOR LOREN LEGARDA TODAY EMPHASIZED THAT THE LACK OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS IN THE COUNTRY HAS POSED THREATS ON OUR VERY OWN SURVIVAL, LEAVING MANY FILIPINOS HUNGRY DESPITE THE ABUNDANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
Legarda, Chair of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, said that the recent committee hearing on the agreement to establish the Office of the Worldfish Center in the Philippines revealed that environmental degradation has taken its toll on the country's food stability, noting recent reports that the Philippines now imports galunggong.
"Recently, the SWS released its survey results showing an increase in hunger incidence in the country, and now there are reports that we are already importing galunggong. But 71% of the fish species in the world are found in the Coral Triangle and the Philippines is one of the six countries that forms part of the area. We are so rich, but why are we hungry?" the Senator stated.
The National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) said that galunggong is one of the three major pelagic species captured in the Philippine seas, but due to overfishing and illegal practices such as blast fishing, the supply of galunggong gradually decreased, forcing the government to prohibit fishing activities in the Zamboanga Peninsula effective December last year.
"We are blessed with rich and diverse coastal and marine resources such as coral reefs, mangroves, fisheries and many others. However, continued marine degradation and weak enforcement of our fisheries law will continue to deprive our citizens of their basic needs," Legarda stressed.
"Clearly, environmental protection is not an esoteric concept, it is about food and livelihood. We are now seeing the direct impact of environment degradation and abuse of natural resources to the hunger that many of our citizens have been experiencing for so long. It is immensely disturbing that we have allowed the depletion of our valuable resources at the risk of leaving nothing for the future generations of Filipinos," the Senator concluded.


Fall in love with Hearts at ! The sequence of books or tricks the place all thirteen cards that is player is dealt are performed. The game ends when any player's hand is empty. This version is the timeless traditional that many people just name "Solitaire". It made more sense for us when creating Cards and Humanity online to eliminate the position of Card Czar altogether.
Playing cards in your hand that do not belong to any melds are referred to as "deadwood" cards. The games can be played solo or against different gamers online. Whoever plays the very best rating card wins the trick. The cards in each swimsuit range from highest to lowest: J-9-A-10-Ok-Q-8-7. Traditional Solitaire (known only as simply Solitaire" by some, and Klondike Solitaire" by others) is a crazy in style card sport that is gained by shifting all cards in a single deck from the tableau to the inspiration piles.
Cards with the trump suit outrank cards of all different suits. At any time after the triumph has been declared, a participant who has each the King and Queen of triumphs can declare them instantly after he has gained a trick. We began creating these in 2009 as a result of we felt that card games in general typically lacked the skilled contact that would make them extra fascinating and fun.
A sport spherical consists of as many arms as there are players. If it is your flip to lead and no hearts have been performed so far, you can not choose a heart judi online as the cardboard to play. The Foundations: Four piles on which an entire swimsuit or sequence must be built up. In most Solitaire video games, the four aces are the underside card or base of the foundations.
The participant to the supplier's left begins the trick by playing any card from their hand. The in-sport narration provides an extra level to the original Playing cards and Humanity. If somebody performs a spade, that spade trumps all other playing cards BESIDES for greater spades. Play 13 playing cards on-line rummy wherever, anytime.
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I downloaded this video for the grandkids, but found another version we oldsters might like even better. Only problem is I can't figure out how to get them both on this one post. So stay tuned for the next version in a bit.
Dear Donna very cool music friend. Thanks for both videos. Hugs!
Got them both up now. They are both good.
I know you'll like the second one Monique. I guess we're not oldersters, but the original hipsters.
What fun to see this classic Mars Ronson video of a very hot day in the city. Who can sit still?
My littles love it. You're going to like the next one. The original hipsters. I downloaded some Lady Gaga ones, but they were not for the littles, so the littles can't see those.
I suspect my age is at play. I got stuck at those incredibly high heels. Not fun at all.
Now look at the next version Child.
This was so much fun. Plus I like Bruno Mars.
I love this video too. It is fun.


Every year around this time, the company I work for (QBP) holds it's annual event called SaddleDrive. It's this event every year where many of the brands I work with, and for, launch their new products. If you landed here thinking you'd see all the latest and greatest new products I am sorry to let you down. I'm not intending to be a media outlet. Instead, you can read about and check out a few pictures I like from my recent trip.
My trip started with me being reunited with my old friend, the Salsa Vaya. After I rode Dirty Kanza a few years ago, I put this bike away. I needed a break from it. During that time my friend in San Francisco had his trusty Fargo generation 1 stolen and I sent it to him. It sure was nice being reunited with this old friend. It was the perfect steed to explore the beautiful city of San Francisco and a few of its surrounding cities. As the top picture shows, there is endless street art throughout the city, but it was particularly good in Oakland where I snapped that pic as well as a couple below.
The only downer for me on my whole trip was that I missed seeing the Leica gallery and store. We arrived at 5:59 and it closed at 6:00! Dang it, another time.
Regardless, here are a few pics. Click on any of the pics to go to slideshow mode.
After a couple days in San Francisco, I headed east towards North Star resort near Lake Tahoe. I was blown away by the beauty of this place and the crazy good trail network. I rode two bikes while I was there, the new Salsa Timberjack and the trusty Pony Rustler. Both were amazing on the trails. Both got me to the top of the 8600 foot resort area with ease. Both tamed the gravity inspired trails on the way down. Both are worth looking into depending on your need and motivation for either a super affordable and capable hard tail or a full featured, plus sized suspension bike. Anyway, here are a few pics from the event. Again, it was a beautiful area and I hope a few of these pics can give you just a glimpse of how beautiful the area is. I sure hope to go back and explore a little more. Again, click on an image to move to slideshow mode.
So good to see so many of my friends. That's a wrap and I can't wait until next year's event.


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text:
ORIGIN THEORIES FOR GFG13 – BRANCH B
Robert Guthrie 1773NC-1856TN & Jane Norwood
of Abbeville, South Carolina and Giles, Tennessee, USA
According to the 1850 census, Robert Guthrie was born in North Carolina. His parents remain unidentified. There is no historical data linking him to any set of parents. Some online trees list him as a son of Thomas Guthrie 1732SCT-1797SC & Jean Duncan, but that family is of different genetic stock and is unrelated to Robert's line of Guthrie men. That couple's children are also well documented and there is no son named Robert among them. The likely reason for this error is the connection of both Robert and Thomas to Abbeville County, South Carolina.
Robert Guthrie reportedly lived in Abbeville County, South Carolina prior to his move to Giles County, Tennessee. The US Census for South Carolina shows a Robert Guthrie household in Abbeville for the years 1790 and 1800. In 1790, Robert would only be 17 years old by our current understanding of his DOB. Young to be a Head of Household. This could be a vital clue to his heritage. Perhaps his father's name was also Robert Guthrie. There are 3 Males 16 and over, and 4 females in the household. Or, Robert could be the eldest son of the family and is listed as the HOH if his father was deceased.
Another important piece of information to discuss about this family is the identity of Robert's wife. The 1850 census tells us that his wife was named Jane. Based on the will of Capt. John Norwood which identifies one of his daughters as 'Jean Guthrie', descendants of Robert's line believe that his wife was of Norwood ancestry. They also have correspondence between the Guthrie and Norwood families of Giles County, TN, which would appear to strengthen their claim to the Norwood connection.
This is another example of a crossover event with a member of GFG9, Thomas & Jean (Duncan) Guthrie's son, John Guthrie whose wife is listed as Jean Norwood. They also claim the will of Capt. John Norwood as their source of a connection since he does not identify the given name of his Guthrie son-in-law. There is also the possibility that both men married Norwood women as they happened to be living in the same town.
One point of clarity needs to be made. Robert's wife is simply named Jane per the census records, and only " x Norwood" by the Family Bible Record, and not Mary Jane. The perpetrator of this misinformation discovered her error after examining original notes, but by that time the name had already been copied across many trees. The original data referenced Jane without any indication of her name being Mary Jane.
Group Designation: Branch B – (The Guthries of Giles County, Tennessee)
Robert Guthrie/Jane Norwood > No Further Lineage Info Provided
Robert Guthrie/Jane Norwood > Francis Guthrie/Mary Davis Kirk > Sarah Jane Guthrie/William Larkin Cardin > Sarah Ann Cardin/Zachary Taylor Dyer > Mary Frances Dyer/Robert Leslie Owen (GGP)
Kit B497992
Robert Guthrie/Jane Norwood > Cynthia Amanda Guthrie/Zopher Smith Compton > Elihu Smith Compton/Myra Ann Rust > William Lee Compton/Sarah Finetta Trice > Doyle Arlen Compton/Mabel Jean Douglas (GGP)
Kit 128463 is a Y-67 marker test matching Group Mode DNA (the most common variable at any given genetic marker) 66/67.
He has 1 variance that he shares with Kit 515716 of GFG13-Branch C. Since Branch C is also of SC origins and of a later generation, it is possible that Branch descends from Branch B.
DYS458 = 16 versus 17.
Both Autosomal DNA kits include matches to people of Norwood ancestry.
THE FAMILY of ROBERT GUTHRIE & JANE NORWOOD
ROBERT GUTHRIE
Born: 10 August 1773
Location: North Carolina Colony
Married: Jane Norwood in January 1798 in Abbeville, South Carolina
Died: 22 February 1856
Location: Giles County, Tennessee, USA
Buried: Hopewell Cemetery, Giles County, Tennessee, USA
JANE NORWOOD
Location: Abbeville, South Carolina, USA, presumably
Sons: John Guthrie (1794), Francis Guthrie (1795), Samuel Guthrie (1801), Robert Guthrie (1802), Theophilus Guthrie (1804), Andrew Guthrie (1813)
Daughters: Cynthia Amanda Guthrie (1806), Jane Caroline Guthrie (1816)
Died: 6 May 1865
JOHN GUTHRIE
1794SC-1843KY
John Guthrie's birth was about 1794, presumably in South Carolina where his parents were living. He married Jane Alexander about 1818. The family were in Giles, TN by that time. They settled in Graves County, Kentucky. John and Jane's DOD are given as 1843.
Sons: Green Giles Guthrie (1819), Robert Guthrie (1823), William Jasper Guthrie (1825), John H Guthrie (1828), Andrew Guthrie (1835), Nathaniel Guthrie (1838), James Guthrie (1843)
Daughters: Rosanna Guthrie (1831), Narcissa Guthrie (1833), Jane Guthrie (1833)
FRANCIS GUTHRIE
Francis was born between 1795-1801, based on the 1820 census estimate. He married Mary Davis Kirk in Tennessee on 14 October 1811. They had 2 daughters. Francis died in 1828.
Sons: None
Daughters: Mary Ann Guthrie (1822), Sarah Jane Guthrie (1826)
Y-DNA Project Participants: N/A
SAMUEL GUTHRIE
1801TN-1846MS
Samuel Guthrie was born in 1801 or 1802 in Tennessee. He moved to Mississippi and married Mary E (MNU), or that could have been in the reverse order. They settled in Yazoo and had 2 children before Samuel's death in 1846/7. The details are limited. He died before his father in 1856. His widow Mary married B. Hugh Brooks on 10 Feb 1848. He died in 1860. Mary may have married again on 1 May 1866 to a Samuel Johnson.
Sons: Andrew Guthrie (1843)
Daughers: Eliza Guthrie (1847)
Family Finder Participants: Yes
Robert Guthrie was born about 1802 in Tennessee and lived in Giles County. His marriage to Ann 'Morning Glory' Beal, the mother of his children ended in separation before 1840. They had 6 children born between 1824 – 1832. In 1837, Ann Guthry was put out of the church because she was "living with a man who was not her husband in an unscriptural way." (Robertson Fork Church of Christ Meeting Minutes). The older 5 children were bound out through the court. The youngest, Robert Landon Guthrie, was given away to the William Newland family when he was 7 years old. Court records indicate that Robert Guthrie lived in Wayne County, Tennessee, but it is believed that he died in Arkansas before 1850. Ann (Beal) Guthrie died in 1895.
Sons: Grandison Graves Guthrie (1824), Thomas Smith Guthrie (1832), Robert Landon Guthrie (1832)
Daughters: Lydia Marie Guthrie (1826), Nancy Amanda Guthrie (1827), Courtney Jane Guthrie (1829)
THEOPHILUS GUTHRIE
Theophilus Guthrie was born in Tennessee about 1804. He married Sarah Thornbush. According to a family court case filed after Robert Guthrie's death, Theophilus was already dead prior to his father. His DOD would be between 1840 – 1856. He and Sarah had 6 children, only 3 of who are known.
Unidentified: Child 1, Child 2, Child 3
Sons: Leonidas Guthrie (1831), Samuel Guthrie (1834)
Daughters: Elizabeth June Guthrie (1833)
CYNTHIA AMANDA GUTHRIE
Cynthia Amanda Guthrie was born on 2 July 1806 in Giles County, TN. She married farmer Zopher Smith Compton about 1824.
Sons: William Compton (1830), Andrew G Compton (1834)
Daughters: Sarah Jane Compton (1828), Mary C Compton (1832), Lettice E Compton (1837), Cynthia A Compton (1839)
Andrew Guthrie was born about 1813. He married Mary Ann Taylor in Madison County, TN in 1843. They had 2 known children. Andrew died on 25 Feb 1856 in Jackson, Madison County, TN. HIs widow died in 1902.
Sons: William Henry Guthrie (18??)
Daughters: Fannie Medora Guthrie (1845)
JANE CAROLINE GUTHRIE
Jane Caroline Guthrie was born about 1816. Jane never married. Court records indicate that she was 'crippled', although it is unknown if this was a congenital condition or related to an accident. The 1880 census also indicates a 'disabled' status. She died sometime after 1880.
1773: BIRTH of ROBERT GUTHRIE
North Carolina, USA on 10 August 1773
The NC location is revealed in the 1850 census. No other specifics known. There are no specifics in the family history to link him to any of the known Guthrie Family Groups or Ungrouped Guthrie Families in that area.
1779: BIRTH of JANE NORWOOD
Ninety-Six District, South Carolina, USA, presumably
The 1850 census lists Robert's wife as "Jane".
A grandson's Family Bible Record lists her as "x Norwood"
If Robert Guthrie's wife is indeed a Norwood, and that family had already established itself in South Carolina by 1779, then Jane may have been born in the Ninety-Six District, which was the parent county to Abbeville prior to its formation in 1785.
The 1850 census lists Jane as being 71 years of age, which would indicate her DOB was in 1779, which I think is an underestimation of her age because it would make her extremely young at the births of her first two children.
The 1800 census lists Robert's wife as 16-25 years old (1775-1784).
In 1820, she is listed as 26-44 (1776-1794).
If you ignore the 1850 census and filter the others, Janes was most likely born between 1776-1780. The 1779 date is still within that estimated range, but I think it's probably at the earlier end.
1785: FORMATION of ABBEVILLE DISTRICT, SOUTH CAROLINA
South Carolina on 12 March 1785
From 1800-1868 Abbeville County was also known by the alias Abbeville District. The 1868 Constitution changed all districts to counties.
"From its founding in 1785, Abbeville prospered as an up-country region. The arrival of cotton in the early 1800s established the whole county as an agricultural center. Although not officially incorporated until 1832, the town of Abbeville became one of three places in South Carolina to have an arsenal and magazine in 1792 and a Post Office was established in 1795."
(History of Abbeville County)
1790: US CENSUS of SOUTH CAROLINA
Abbeville District, South Carolina, USA
ROBERT GUTTERY HOUSEHOLD
3 Males 16 and over
4 Females
Total Household Members: 7 Free White Persons
We don't know if this Robert Guthrie is the same person listed as a HOH in the 1790 census. This Robert would only be about 17 years of age in 1790. Was his father's name also Robert? Was he one of the other males in the household? Was he the HOH with a widowed mother and younger siblings?
Also possible this record is not associated with this GFG at all. Could be the family of Robert Guthrie of SC & GA from GFG2A-BranchK.
The only other Guthrie household listed in Abbeville District, South Carolina is that of Thomas Guttery: 2Males 16 and over, 2 Females. This record is attributed to GFG9's Thomas Guthrie and Jean Duncan.
The 1790 census lists several NORWOOD households, several of which are in Abbeville District:
Elezth Norwood: 1Female, 3 Males16 and over, 1Male under 16
Capt. Jno. Norwood: 2Males16 and over, 5Males under 16, 2Females
Thomas Norwood: 1Male16and over, 1 Female
1798: MARRIAGE of ROBERT GUTHRIE & JANE NORWOOD
South Carolina, USA about Jan 1798, presumably in Abbeville District
I have found no marriage record listed for this couple. The year appears to originate from the date that John Norwood of Abbeville County, SC wrote his last will and testament, which was 22 January 1798. His will mentions his daughter "Jean Gutherie".
1794: BIRTH of SON – JOHN GUTHRIE
South Carolina, USA about 1794, presumably in Abbeville District
Note that at this approximate DOB, his mother Jane would only be 15 years old. Even with this DOB, he does not appear to be either of the John Guthrie men named as HOH in Abbeville in 1820 who were both 45 and over. The one census record that I find attributed to John Guthrie is in 1830 Graves County, KY where he is listed as 30-39 (born 1791-1800). Unfortunately, as I cannot find him in the 1840 census, there is no further data to narrow down his actual DOB if it is indeed any different than 1794.
1795: BIRTH of SON – FRANCIS GUTHRIE
South Carolina or Tennessee, USA between 1795-1801
This is another situation where trees have listed a DOB without any source data. One listed 1793, which would make his mother only 14. Even in the 1790s that would be considered underage for marriage, especially as Francis is not the eldest son. According to the only census record we possess for him, in 1820 Giles County, TN, Francis was 16-25 years old.
1796: TENNESSEE STATEHOOD
"The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war." (Wikipedia)
1799: FORMATION of WILLIAMSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE
Davidson County, Tennessee, USA on 26 October 1799
The Tennessee General Assembly created Williamson County from a portion of Davidson County.
ROBERT GUTHRIE HOUSEHOLD
1M 26-44 (1756-1774)
1F 16-25 (1775-1784)
1M under 10 (1791-1800)
1F under 10 (1791-1800)
Total Household Members: 4
Note that this record does not fit the family profile based on the children's dates of birth. By 1800, there should be 2 sons in the household, and no known daughters. However, if the DOB are off, this could be eldest son John, and an unknown daughter who later died young.
1801: BIRTH of SON – SAMUEL GUTHRIE
Tennessee, USA, presumably about 1801-1802
1802: BIRTH of SON – ROBERT GUTHRIE JR.
1804: BIRTH of SON – THEOPHILUS GUTHRIE
1806: BIRTH of DAUGHTER – CYNTHIA AMANDA GUTHRIE
Tennessee, USA presumably, on 2 July 1806
One census record indicates her birthplace was TN and two others KY.
1807: FORMATION of MAURY COUNTY, TENNESSEE
Maury County, Tennessee was formed from Williamson County and Indian lands.
1809: FORMATION of GILES COUNTY, TENNESSEE
Maury County, Tennessee, USA on 14 November 1809
Two years after the formation of Maury County, Giles County was created from southern Maury County on 14 November 1809.
1810: CENSUS of TENNESSEE
Tennessee became a state in 1796. The territorial census schedules and the 1800 census were lost or destroyed. The 1810 census of Tennessee was also lost, except for Grainger and Rutherford counties, which have been indexed.
1811: MARRIAGE of SON – FRANCIS GUTHRIE
Tennessee, USA, possibly in Giles County on 14 October 1811
We have an exact DOM for Francis Guthrie and his bride Mary Davis Kirk, but I have not found a source. This couple had 2 daughters: Mary Ann (1822) and Sarah Jane (1826). There is an 11 year gap between their DOM and the birth of their first known child, but a look at the 1820 census does show their household without any young children. Francis died in 1828 in Giles County, Tennessee.
1812: EARLY TENNESSEE TAX LIST RECORDS
Giles County, Tennessee, USA
764: Robert Guthrie
Tennessee, USA, presumably Giles County about 1813
Andrew's grave marker lists him as 44 years of age in 1856 making his estimated DOB 1812-1813.
1816: BIRTH of DAUGHTER – JANE CAROLINE GUTHRIE
About 1818: MARRIAGE of SON – JOHN GUTHRIE
Tennessee or Kentucky, USA, presumably
John Guthrie married Jane Alexander. Their eldest child was born in January of 1819, so their marriage would likely have occurred about 1818. This couple was either already in Kentucky at their son's birth or settled there quickly afterward. John and Jane (Alexander) Guthrie were parents to 7 sons and 3 daughters. John's death is listed as 1843 in Graves County, Kentucky, but I have found no records. The lawsuit Compton vs Guthrie filed after Jane (Norwood) Guthrie's death mentions that John Guthrie and family had been living in Mayfield, Graves, Kentucky.
Pulaski, Giles County, Tennessee, USA on 7 August 1820
The ROBERT GUTHRIE HOUSEHOLD:
1 – Male – 45 and over (Born before 1776)
1 – Female – 26-44 (1776-1794)
1 – Male – 16-25 [(1M 16-18) 1802-1804]
1 – Male – 10-15 (1805-1810)
1 – Male – under 10 (1811-1820)
1 – Female – under 10 (1811-1820)
Persons Engaged in Agriculture: 2
THE FRANCIS GUTHRIE HOUSEHOLD:
2 – Males – 16-25 (1795-1804) [1 of them 16-18 born 1802-1804]
1 – Female 16-25 (1795-1804)
1 – Female Slave – 14-25 (1795-1806)
Engaged in Manufactures: 2
Total Household Members: 3 Free White Persons, 1 Slave
About 1823: MARRIAGE of SON – ROBERT GUTHRIE JR
Giles County, Tennessee, USA, presumably
Robert Guthrie and Ann 'Morning Glory' Beal were married around 1823. They had 6 children: Grandson Graves (1824), Lydia Marie (1826), Nancy Amanda (1827), Courtney Jane (1829), Thomas Smith (1832), and Robert Landon (1832). The marriage ended in separation/divorce before 1840. The youngest son, Robert, told his children and grandchildren that he had been given away to the Newland family. The other children were also separated by the courts and bound out to others. The 1840 census lists Robert Guthry as living on his own in Giles County, TN, but sometime in the next decade he moved to Wayne County, TN where he reportedly died before 1850.
About 1824: MARRIAGE of DAUGHTER – CYNTHIA AMANDA GUTHRIE
Tennessee, USA, presumably Giles County
Cynthia married Zopher Smith Compton. They remained in Giles County during their lifetimes and raised 6 children: Sarah Jane (1828), William (1830), Mary C (1832), Andrew G (1834), Lettice E (1837, and Cynthia A (1839). Zopher and Cynthia brought suit against Jane C Guthrie and other heirs after the death of Jane (Norwood) Guthrie over the division of the estate. Some heirs had not been located and legal notices were made. Zopher died in 1879 and Cynthia in 1890.
1824: CHAIN CARRIER (LAND SURVEYS)
Giles County, Tennessee, USA on 7 September 1824
7 Sep 1824 Giles Co, TN Survey (dated) 59 – Entry 57 for Nancy BEALE, 45 A on waters of Robertson Fork of Richland Creek; adj. George DOTSON tract on which he now lives; 3000 A tract granted to Thomas POLK; Andrew KEITH. Surv. 7 Sep 1824. Basil COMPTON & Robert GUTHRIE, C.C.
8 Sep 1824 Giles Survey. 57 – Entry 83 for Pressley BEALE, 50 A on waters of Blue Creek; adj. George DOTSON; Goodhope THARP; James LEITCH; S boundary line of Martin ARMSTRONG; 5000 A tract. Surv. Basil COMPTON & Robert GUTHRIE, C.C.
About 1830: MARRIAGE of THEOPHILUS GUTHRIE
Theophilus Guthrie married Sarah Thornbush whom descendant believe was of Native American Cherokee descent. They settled in Henderson County, Tennessee where they were enumerated in the 1840 census. They reportedly had 6 children, but only 3 are known to us: Leonidas (1831), Elizabeth June (1833), and Samuel (1834). Theophilus Guthrie died before his father's, which occurred in 1856. All three of the children were living in different households in 1850 Henderson County, suggesting that their father's death occurred 1840-1850.
THE ROBERT GUTHRIE SENIOR HOUSEHOLD:
THE ROBERT GUTHRIE JUNIOR HOUSEHOLD:
2 – Males – 20-29 (1801-1810)
1 – Male – 5-9 (1820-1830)
1 – Female – 5-9 (1820-1830)
2 – Females – under 5 (1826-1830)
1836: TENNESSEE EARLY TAX LIST RECORDS
District 16, Giles County, Tennessee, USA
ROBT. GUTHRIE
Land: 640
Value: 1920
Tax: 1.92
White Polls: 1
Tax: 25
State Tax: 12-1/2 (?)
County Tax: 25
THE ROBT. GUTHRY HOUSEHOLD:
Persons Employed in Manufacture and Trade
About 1843: MARRIAGE of SON – SAMUEL GUTHRIE
Tennessee or Mississippi, presumably
Samuel Guthrie moved to Yazoo City, Yazoo, Mississippi, but we don't know if this was before or after his marriage to Mary E (MNU). They had a son, Andrew (1843) and daughter, Eliza (1847). Samuel died 1846-47. Letters of administration were granted to Benjamin Lewis on the estate of Samuel A Guthrie (Probate Minute Book C: 194 – May Term 1843). Guardianship of Andrew Guthrie and Eliza Guthrie, minor heirs of Samuel A Guthrie, was granted to Mary E Guthrie. (Probate Minute Book D: 102 – October Term 1846)
Mary remarried to B. Hugh Brooks on 10 Feb 1848. (Marriage Book A: 124.) He died in 1860, and Mary may have married again to a Samuel Johnson on 1 May 1866.
About 1843: MARRIAGE OF SON – ANDREW GUTHRIE
Tennessee, USA, presumably in Giles or Madison County
Andrew Guthrie married Mary Ann Taylor. They settled in Madison County, Tennessee were they were listed in the 1850 census. They had a daughter, Fannie Medora (1845), and a son, William Henry (18??). Their son was probably born 1851-1856 after the census, and died in childhood. Andrew died on 25 February 1856 in Madison County, Tennessee at 44 years of age.
Robt Gutherie 77 farmer 750 NC
Jane Gutherie 71 SC
Jane C Gutherie 33 TN
The 1850 census causes some confusion for researchers because by this date another unrelated Guthrie Family Group has settled in Giles County, Tennessee. Samuel & Adeline (Cashion) Guthrie belong to GFG2A-Branch B. That Samuel Guthrie is not Samuel, son of Robert & Jane (Norwood) Guthrie.
1856: DEATH of ROBERT GUTHRIE SR
Giles County, Tennessee, USA o 22 February 1856
All of Robert's sons predeceased him. Robert is buried in Hopewell Cemetery in Giles County, TN.
1865: DEATH of WIFE – JANE (NORWOOD) GUTHRIE
Giles County, Tennessee, USA on 6 May 1865
Special Thanks to Betty McCollum
for her research contributions on the family of
Robert Guthrie & Jane Norwood.


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Was there a message in the opening of the Olympic Games?
I think that what we saw in the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in Athens, Greece was one of the most powerful messages pointing a change in humans history.
The message was full of symbols. Personally, the first one was a feeling I had weeks before, thinking that this was the last Olympic Games we will saw in our current lifetime.
In one word I was saying to myself, it started in Greece and there it is ending.
In fact the speaker said loud and clearly "Olympic Games, Welcome Home"
The way the water appeared and disappeared inside the stadium forming this huge lake was another symbol of planetary changes. There was no water, it was dry (droughts?), within minutes the water appeared out of the blue creating this huge mass of water and disappearing as another symbol (for me)
The impeccable parade of 3,000 years of human history to the most overwhelming image of the pregnant women with a lit womb walking in the waters of the lake while on top of her head the spiral of the DNA was whirling in light was one touching vision.
Another important moment was the changes in the protocol in that, for the first time, the western alphabet was not used at the entering in the stadium of the countries and their representatives' delegations and instead of it, the Greek one was used, which we know starts with the letter ALPHA and ends with the letter OMEGA.
"I am the ALPHA and the OMEGA, the beginning and the end"; We all know who said these words.
The gods of mythology were present flying above the stadium, symbols that are used in many disciplines and areas such as psychology, as a way to interpret human behavior thru the myth and the hidden meaning of the psyche.
A relevant moment before the Olympic torch was lit up was a race performed by an athlete carrying the flag with the branch of olives on it running and cutting ribbons that were placed across. Each one of the ribbons meant one year, one country and one Olympic Game that we have lived though history. Each year and place was named loud and clearly with each ribbon that fall on the floor cut in two parts.
There were two touching moments in which the athlete fell on the floor; one was when the speaker mentioned World War I and then he fel again at the mentioning of World War II.
I would like to add my comment to this very impressive moment.
It is about the "Mala" the Hindu string of beads that is used to recite mantras, as Christian's have the Rosary and Arabs the "Masbahah"
The "Mala" has 108 beads to recite the mantras, and those who use or have used the "Mala" know that there is one bead that we cannot cross to go on with the recitation and that is the 109th bead, from which we turn the "Mala" back and go on backwards in the recitation and so on as we reach again the next 108th bead.
There are several meanings about why we cannot cross the 109th bead, but one is to acknowledge that in this 3D world, we have certain limits, that there are doors that cannot be opened and places we should not go in, because there is no return from them. My Teacher Mataji, said that the 109th bead of the "Mala" was the Jordan River.
108 years, 108 ribbons were crossed, two falls for humankind represented by two World Wars during that period of time. 108 normal beads has the "Mala or "JapaMala".
If we would fall for the third time in the race it would represent the bead that we should not cross and we all know that a third fall would be a World War with no return.
May be, it's my imagination, but I feel the need to share it
The entire presentation was full of many other messages to watch at. One that I think is worst it to mention. It is something I learned while I was reading a book that talks a lot about symbology (The Da Vinci Code).
The five intertwined circles represent Venus (morning and evening star) which traces a perfect pentacle across the sky every eight years.
To the ancients, observing this phenomena, Venus became the symbol of perfection and beauty, qualities prized in athletes´ bodies. As a tribute to Venus, the Greeks used her 8 year cycle to organize their Olympic Games.
The four-year schedule of the Olympics follows Venus´s half-cycle. The five pointed star of Venus (pentacle) almost became the official Olympic seal but the five points were exchanged for five intersecting rings to reflect the spirit of inclusion and harmony (Venus´s qualities) within the games and also the five continents.
The Olympics this year are held during Mercury retrograde.
Therefore the outcome of the Olympics in general and with the athletes in particular will be unexpected.
May be this has some relationship with the Mayan sayings about the Venus cycles we have heard since January 2004
The use of the five platonic solids projected on top of the huge body that was inside the water are the symbols and basis of Sacred Geometry.
And Sacred Geometry is the pattern on which our planet is build on. The five geometric patterns of the Merkaba field which is the electromagnetic body of each living being as well as the electromagnetic body from the planet earth. That was present too.
If this was done intentionally or not it doesn't matter, since the message was there for all of us.
All that has a particular or single meaning reaches the collective and I believe that we saw clearly portrayed the representation of a cycle of humanity; one that is ending, another one that is starting.
The 202 delegations of all countries inside the stadium created a huge and symbolic planetary flag. No country stayed outside, since the Olympic Committee paid for even the poorest countries to be present, this has also no precedent in the history of the Olympics Games and to end, the most applauded delegation was the Iraqi one.
It's up to us a last thought about this event.


The XXXVII edition of the National and International Congress of the Colombian Society of Ophthalmology was held from August 23 to 27, 2016 at the Cartagena de Indias Convention Center.
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May 16, 2019 | By Scott LaFee
UC San Diego Ranked Ninth in World in Biomedical Sciences
Nature Index also cited UC San Diego sixth among academic institutions and UC San Diego Health Sciences seventh among health care institutions in 2019
Three-dimensional culture of human breast cancer cells, with DNA stained blue and a protein in the cell surface membrane stained green. Photo credit: National Institutes of Health
In its first-ever assessment of biomedical institutions around the world, based upon published research in a targeted set of high-quality scientific journals, the 2019 Nature Index ranked University of California San Diego ninth among the top 200 institutions in biomedical sciences worldwide.
Among the top 200 academic institutions in biomedical sciences in the world, UC San Diego ranked sixth. Among the top 200 health care institutions worldwide, UC San Diego Health Sciences ranked seventh.
The San Diego branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, comprised of seven leading scientists who are UC San Diego faculty, was ranked 42nd among the top 100 non-profit/non-governmental organizations conducting biomedical science in the world.
The Nature Index findings were published today.
"These new rankings reinforce other third-party endorsements of UC San Diego's faculty and the quality of its research," said UC San Diego Chancellor Pradeep K. Khosla. "Our biomedical researchers continue to discover solutions to the world's most pressing health issues. It's gratifying to see them recognized as preeminent global thought leaders by a leading scientific publication."
In introducing the new rankings, Catherine Armitage, chief editor of Nature Index, said they chronicle the contributions that biomedical science has made to improving human health and lifespan.
"Biomedical scientists don't believe in miracles. Instead they put their faith in the accumulation of advances, some big, some small, always building on the work of others, always accompanied by setbacks and disappointments. ...That is the process of progress which raised global average worldwide life expectancy from 52 in 1960 to 72 in 2016."
Nature Index is a database of researcher affiliations and institutional relationships that monitors and measures scientific output and collaboration, primarily through published work. In this case, the biomedical index draws upon a subset of 55 journals among 82 high-quality natural science journals chosen by an independent group of scientists. The subset represents journals covering 27 areas of biomedical research, spanning a period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018.
"Biochemistry and cell biology, and genetics are the biggest fields by article count, but microbiology and biomedical engineering, reaping rewards from CRISPR and the microbiome, are the fastest rising among the top 10 fields of research," said Armitage.
UC San Diego excels in each of these areas. In addition to uncovering fundamental cellular mechanisms that contribute to inflammation and tumor development, UC San Diego researchers recently developed the first personalized cancer vaccine to be tested in humans; found that women's gut microbiomes mature earlier than men's; developed a new version of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique to correct RNA defects underlying certain muscular dystrophies; launched a new center to advance bacteriophage therapy (leveraging viruses that kill bacteria) as a means to circumvent antibacterial resistance; and created a biometric tool for fingerprinting newborns.
The San Diego branch of Ludwig Cancer Research focuses mainly on cancer genetics, cell signaling, gene regulation and the mechanisms of cell division. In research published earlier this year, for example, UC San Diego School of Medicine scientists discovered that inhibiting a specific protein boosts the sensitivity of brain tumors to therapeutic radiation and found that an errant editing enzyme both promoted loss of a tumor suppressor and spurred leukemia growth.
"Across the board, some of the best and boldest work in biomedicine is being conducted at UC San Diego," said David Brenner, MD, vice chancellor of health sciences. "The proof is in their peer-reviewed research, which the Index highlights."
Topping the global 200 institutions in biomedical sciences was Harvard University, followed by the National Institutes of Health and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. UC San Diego was second among California-based institutions after University of California San Francisco (6).
Among the top 200 U.S. academic institutions in biomedical sciences, Harvard was first, followed by Stanford. UC San Francisco was third, with UC San Diego again the second-ranked institution in the state.
Among the top 200 health care institutions worldwide, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ranked first, followed by Columbia University Irving Medical Center. UC San Diego Health Sciences ranked first in California.
For the entire Nature Index biomedical science rankings, visit www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2019-biomedical-sciences/index
Heather Buschman, 858-249-0456, .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)
Scott LaFee, 858-249-0456, .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)
Heather Buschman
Scott LaFee