In the January and February 1975 issues of Popular Electronics (on display in the museum), Ed Roberts of MITS (Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems) wrote about a kit computer he would ship later that year.
The Altair 8800 is one of the earliest commercially available personal computers. In 1975, Paul Allen and Bill Gates (then a student at Harvard) decided to write a programming language to run on the Altair. They wrote a scaled down version of BASIC and thus began Microsoft. MITS was much less fortunate. It never recovered from its cash flow troubles. By 1977, Ed Roberts sold his company and followed his true passion by returning to medicine.


text:
Q: What's wrong with my regular expressions? I want to check my fileName which can be 2013_09_北京.doc or 2013_09_广东_1.doc or 2013_09_中国人_anywords.doc,but I find that 2013_09_北京.doc is checked OK,but 2013_09_广东_1.doc seems wrong,what's wrong with my codes?
 // fileName='2013_09_北京.doc';// right
 fileName='2013_09_北京_1.doc';// wrong
var patt1 = new RegExp("^2013_(0[1-9]|1[0-2])_([\\u4e00-\\u9fa5]{2,3})(_[\S]*)?\.(doc)$");
        if (!patt1.test(fileName)) {
         alert('input format like 2013_09_北京.doc或2013_09_北京_1.doc');
        }
        else
        alert('right format!');

A: You did not escape \S and \. in your string, this should fix it:
var patt1 = new RegExp("^2013_(0[1-9]|1[0-2])_([\\u4e00-\\u9fa5]{2,3})(_[\\S]*)?\\.(doc)$");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Crohn's Disease is diagnosed and treated by the GI Division of Premier Medical Group.
What is Crohn's Disease?
Crohn's disease is a form of IBD, or inflammatory bowel disease. Portions of the digestive tract swell and develop deep sores called ulcers. The part of the GI tract most often affected is the end portion of the small intestine, also referred to as the "ileum," and the first part of the large intestine. Crohn's is a lifelong disease which affects both men and women equally and also seems to run in families. The disease occurs in people of all ages, but it most often begins between the ages of 13 and 30. People who smoke are more likely to develop Crohn's, as are people of European Jewish heritage.
In Crohn's disease, when inflammation spreads into the lining of the affected portion of the GI tract, swelling and pain occurs and can make the intestines empty frequently, resulting in diarrhea. Chronic inflammation may yield scar tissue. This builds up in the GI tract and a stricture forms, which is a narrowed passageway that can slow up the movement of food through the intestine. This can cause cramps and pain and at times blockage in the small intestines.
What causes Crohn's disease?
What are the symptoms of Crohn's disease?
How is Crohn's disease diagnosed?
How is Crohn's disease treated?
FAQs about Crohn's Disease
Related Articles about Crohn's Disease
Although the cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, it is believed that it is the result of an abnormal reaction by the body's immune system to some bacteria in your intestine. The immune system normally protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, or other potentially harmful foreign substances, but with Crohn's disease, it attacks the "harmless" or beneficial bacteria, and food. This all leads to a production of white blood cells which accumulate in the intestines, creating inflammation. The inflammation can cause injury to your intestines such as sores and ulcers, or narrowing called stricture.
Studies show that the inflammation in the intestinal tract of people with Crohn's disease is influenced by several factors: the person's immune system, the inherited genes, and the environment.
The chances of getting Crohn's disease are higher if a close family member has it. People of Eastern European and Jewish family background may have a higher chance of getting Crohn's disease, as do those who smoke.
The most common symptoms of Crohn's disease are cramping and abdominal pain.
Other symptoms can include:
Frequent diarrhea
Reduced appetite
These can vary from mild to severe, depending on the person and severity of the disease.
Other possible symptoms of Crohn's diseases include:
Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
Skin rash, lumps, sores, or other skin problems
Ulcers in the mouth or swelling of the gums
Crohn's disease is not easy to diagnose. The symptoms are similar to ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and other IBDs (Inflammatory bowel diseases). Both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis cause abdominal pain and diarrhea, making them difficult to identify.
The only way to diagnose Crohn's disease is by performing tests, such as blood tests and visual tests. Normally, the doctor performs a signoidoscopy, or colonoscopy, or endoscopy, and X-Rays to accurately make the diagnosis. The major difference between Crohn's and ulcerative colitis is the area each affects. Crohn's can affect any area of the digestive tract, while UC is limited to the colon and rectum.
More often, though, the area of the GI tract most affected with Crohn's is the last section of the small intestine, referred to as the ileum.
Treatment will differ with patients, but may include medications, stress reduction, surgery, diet recommendations, nutritional supplements, or a combination of treatments. At this time, there is no known cure for Crohn's disease. The primary goal is to control the symptoms and limit inflammation. Treatment with medications will depend on the severity of the disease, and the reaction of the medications to the patient. These medications include cortisone or steroids, immune system suppressors, anti-diarrheal drugs and antibiotics. If the Crohn's disease is very severe, your doctor may prescribe a medication called Remicade to block the body's inflammation response.
Foods can trigger symptoms, although no specific diet exists. Patients need to learn what foods trigger the symptoms. It's helpful to keep a food journal in these cases.
Categories of medications that treat Crohn's include:
Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs)
Immune modifiers (immunomodulators)
Biologic therapies (biologics)
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications occasionally used:
Anti-diarrheals
Dietary suggestions to help treat symptoms include:
Limit dairy products and caffeine
Avoid fatty and fried foods (any prepared with heavy cream, butter, or margarine)
Eat smaller meals spaced out throughout the day
Avoid foods that cause gas such as spicy foods, certain vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower), and citrus or raw fruits
Drink plenty of water
About two-thirds of people with Crohn's disease will require surgery at some point in their lives. This happens when medications are not relieving the symptoms or complications such as intestinal blockage, perforation, bleeding, or abscess—a painful, swollen, pus-filled area caused by infection—occurs. Several types of surgery are used for the treatment of Crohn's:
Proctocolectomy:This is a surgery which removes the rectum and part of the colon or the entire colon. This surgery is performed by a specialized surgeon. While the surgeon is performing the proctocolectomy, he or she also performs an ileostomy. This procedure attaches the ileum (end of small intestine) to an opening made in the abdomen called a stoma. About the size of a quarter, an ostomy pouch is then attached to the stoma and worn outside the body to collect stool. You will be instructed how to use the pouch and how to empty it several times a day, and how to keep it clean. Most people with an ostomy pouch are able to live normal, active lives. Performed under anesthesia, a full recovery can take 4 to 6 weeks.
Intestinal resection surgery: This surgery is performed when only a diseased section of intestine is removed. The diseased section is cut out and the ends of the healthy parts are connected. This is done under general anesthesia, and full recovery can take 3 to 4 weeks.
Crohn's disease can occur after surgery, and often does. People considering surgery should receive counseling about the benefits and risks compared with other treatments.
The best way for people to manage their Crohn's disease is to learn as much as they can about it. More than half a million people in the United States who have been diagnosed with Crohn's disease have learned that inflammation is the root of their symptoms. Treatment can help control Crohn's disease and make flare-ups less frequent, but no cure exists. Some people with Crohn's disease may need long-lasting medical care, while others have long periods of remission, symptom-free. Because of the changing pattern of the disease, it's challenging to be certain a treatment has helped. Despite all this, most people with Crohn's disease live full lives, balancing careers, families, and activities.
Q: Can smoking make Crohn's disease worse?
A: Studies show that people who smoke may have increased complications and also need higher doses of steroid and other medications. People who smoke also are more likely to need surgery.
Q: Is pregnancy safe for women with Crohn's disease?
A: Yes, while women with Crohn's disease can become pregnant and have a baby, it's important to discuss the risks with your doctor. Most babies are not affected by the condition.
Q: Can stress make Crohn's disease worse?
A: While stress does not cause Crohn's disease, increased stress can trigger a flare-up. It's important to learn relaxation techniques and get enough sleep. Counseling may also be helpful.
Q: Does diet affect Crohn's disease?
A: Foods do not cause Crohn's, but certain foods can aggravate the disease such as milk products, bulky grains, hot spices, caffeine, and alcohol. These can cause diarrhea. Eating a nutritious and well balanced diet is important. Your doctor may recommend a nutritionist to help you plan the right diet for your needs.
Staying on the Cutting Edge
What You Need to Know about Chrohn's Disease
Easing Symptoms of GI and IBS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ok so I did a trigger job on my very used slide frame. It was very rough when I first got it and I didn't feel like spending more money on more parts. So instead I just broke out the stones and files and took all contact surfaces up to 1500 grit, greased all the surfaces with teflon grease. Now its glassy smooth and and crispy break. However I was curious if there was such a thing as too much. I mean with a real gun you dont typically want to do to much unless it's like a bench rest gun, then you can get down to ounces.
So I was curious, how many pounds are your guys trigger pulls at and are you using roller sears? So far I have been able to get it down to about 1.5 to 1.75 pounds albeit sometimes the hammer will miss the sear so to run reliably I lengthen the lug a bit and it's at about 2 pounds.
Location: Usually at my desk.
my old LB Piranha had a 2.0# trigger that was short and sweet, but much lighter than that it would "follow" which you don't want. That's lighter than my USPSA gun at the time.
Do you have a sear you can adjust through the top of the gun?
Paintball is not any better for all its "Technology"
I absolutely refuse to run a slider frame without a roller sear. It does wonders to the trigger break. I don't have a trigger gauge but with one, trigger pull becomes almost the same cocker as it is uncocked.
The hammer has an adjustable lug.
@magmoormaster, I will definitely have to look into getting the roller sear. Though I imagine it would be a bit easier to short stroke wouldnt?
Hm, I wouldn't say so. No more than it is regularly. But in all fairness the only time I really short stroke is when the guns timing is off.
Magmoo is right, a roller sear does wonders. Properly timed right, and I've only ever seen one done up this way but the owner had the hinge tuned to such a point you could actually walk it to some degree.


text:
Written by Jennifer D. Riley
Once upon a time, Naomi noticed someone posting as her on the Internet. Ordinarily identity theft would be a problem; however, identity theft proved a disaster in Naomi's case. Her catering supply business ran into danger. While the Internet offered new business pipelines, her catering supply business pipelined into the area catering—parties, dining, receptions for bored brokers and bankers. When High Frequency Trading HFT had been moved from Wall Street and installed in the Middle West United States, Naomi's catering business moved along with High Frequency Trading. High Frequency Trading profit jumped. Naomi's business profit jumped. Unfortunately, impersonation and hacking jumped with it.
Thoroughbred though she was, Naomi wanted impersonation stopped. As soon as she noticed the identity theft, she started having nightmares about lakes. Figuratively underwater bubbled into her waking hours: soon her business would be underwater. One day she woke up and decided she and her identify theft could generate business for law enforcement. High Frequency Trading. Catering. Law Enforcement. Who knew? She was worried about diverted web traffic. After a day, Naomi hired a retired law enforcement agent who now worked as a private investigator and went by the screen name Beauty Pageant Queen.
Naomi glanced around her first bored brokers and bankers party of the season. Less bored, thanks, to Naomi. Carrying her clipboard and checking all was well, Naomi was at a reception when she felt her tablet ping. "Rodolfo," she said, "cover for me." She turned quickly and headed to the female logo on the restroom door. She stopped. Someone had removed the logos. She considered going to Family Restroom, for ultimate privacy since no families with children were attending this reception, but she headed into what she recalled was the ladies room. Frowning, she couldn't wait but speeded into the closest stall on the end. She was savvy enough to listen for other patrons. If she had to, she could leave in two steps on the tile, make a sharp turn around the corner, open the door, and make the hallway. She would remember to ask about the missing logos and punched a reminder into her tablet.
Two trainees from the world's smallest ISP confronted each other. Although further down the row, they were in separate restroom stalls, their conversation connected them through the ether.
"You're a liar. You have a chance at my husband."
"You're husband is a kind, intelligent man, who deserves better than you."
"Listen to that second word, 'husband.' You are right. He is my husband."
"Who deserves better than you."
"Listen. My husband. Keep your hands off. You have a chance to marry Jacob. Marry him. He's a good man. Keep your hand's off my husband."
"Are you finished?"
29Jul2014 The two women whirled the toilet paper spindles. Inside her own stall, after suppressing a sigh, Naomi punched her cell phone as twin toilets cranked and flushed. She closed her eyes and willed herself not to hear the two trainees from the world's smallest ISP snapped their thongs and then banged open the toilet stall doors. The twins in the twin stalls clicked their way out of their stalls, cell phones or stilettos, Naomi didn't want to know. Each walked to a black granite basin to wash her hands. Naomi closed her eyes to the thought of those fingers on keyboards. The two trainees clicked their wash basin levers on, off. One ripped a paper towel. One punched the hot air dryer. The two left as one.
Naomi stayed in her stall, in her world to give them time to leave. Just as in her dream, a dark lake floated at the center of Naomi's thoughts. Are the two trainees who just left stalking her? The private detective would find out. With that, Naomi remembered her meeting this morning with Beauty Pageant Queen was the only name the private detective and Naomi used to communicate. Beauty Pageant Queen said, "Look, doll, here's the story: What is the conflict? Impersonation. Get it?"
Naomi stared.
"Imperson," Beauty Pageant Queen paused. "Nation. Two words"
Beauty Pageant Queen's assistant said, "Weird, but your case will be solved. It's how BPQ works."
"Then what do I do?" Naomi asked.
Beauty Pageant Queen said, "I'm work on it. I'm following the trail." Beauty Pageant Queen said, "Like some automatic brewed tea?"
Beauty Pageant Queen's assistant said, "I'll make more."
Naomi shook her head no. Beauty Pageant Queen said "Dee LISH ous. Brewn broon broom. Working on it."
Naomi had asked, "And when can I expect to know who is posting as me on the Internet?"
Beauty Pageant Queen said, "One doesn't believe her. One deceives her. Tell me again what you remember?"
Naomi shuddered and told Beauty Pageant Queen and the assistant everything she remembered. The strange Red Heart of Onion. The obsessive lists Naomi found in her email: The name Patron Jameson repeated.
Beauty Pageant Queen nodded, "Red Heart of Onion." She wrote it down on hotel stationery. She had looked up at her assistant and then at Naomi. "Never mind the hotel stationery. Saves you cost. Patron Jameson." Here Beauty Pageant Queen paused. "Do you sit at bars much?"
Naomi shrugged. "Sure. Why?"
"Those are just two whiskey names. Next time you sit at the bar, not in the stall or booth, just look at what's behind the counter. Whiskey bottles with labels. That's all."
The Assistant to Beauty Pageant Queen piped up, "This is how BPQ works on cases."
Naomi had nodded. "Did you figure out the list I gave you?" Naomi remembered every item on the list she had created especially for the High Frequency Trading, First to open in the Middle West:
Pimento cheese on thoroughbread (bad joke but the new HFT from the Midwest wanted it)
Pimento cheese frozen loaf
Pimento Cheese meatloaf
Pimento Cheese stuff olives
Pimento Cheese bread
Pimento Cheese omelet with bourbon and butter toast
Pimento Cheese cranked on back porch.
Naomi had sworn CJ swore he could taste the difference. Crank mounted on Ootsie's back porch since time immemorial. No box graters, no food processor blades or steel knives expensive from trade shows Naomi attended. Few microprocessors.
Naomi stopped remembering and looked up. She could tell the Assistant to and the Beauty Pageant Queen were reading the same list. Naomi could see the list in reflected in their eyes. The Assistant to Beauty Queen Pageant said, "I can only think of two ex-husbands and mother-in-law. One had taken her for every cent. The other had been her mother. Full time. Borrowed her last dime from her brother to take him to the movie show and make him watch adult movies. She couldn't afford a baby sitter, so he never had one. It was why BPQ became a private investigator."
Beauty Pageant Queen said, "Let me tell you the old ways."
"I have to be back at work," Naomi said.
"Just listen, doll." Beauty Pageant Queen put her automatic brewed tea on the warming pad. The mug had a digital read out of the temperature. punched a bottom to size of a pin head to set the mug's thermostat. She then took off her tiara and laid it on a velvet pillow and put a lead No. 2 pencil behind her ear.
"Mixing tech helps me think. Hear me out. Did I tell you about the oddest body I ever found?"
Naomi shook her head no.
"Forget the Vicks under the nose. This crime scene was full respirator. Abandoned trailer in the middle of nowhere. Summer. Full respirator and suit. I arrived at the crime scene. No electricity. I opened the door. All I could see by the flash light is this wave on the floor. The dead body had decomposed and dripped into the trailer floor, which was cheap particle board. Missing body fluids. Decomposition. The waves were maggots infesting and eating the body."
"Stench. I was upset that anyone could lay undetected for a week and have no friend to call about her."
Naomi said, "You said detected. Can you tell me about my case? Someone is posting as me on the Internet and compromising my security and my business. I need help."
"Another story. Once was a group of men who sat around an old general store and drank hooch. I know this doesn't have anything outright to do with your crime but hear me out. There was an old woman, a crusader, really, who wanted to clear up a den of sin. Her sons were spending too much time there. She complained to Uncle Billy. Uncle Billy, a mischievous man, talked her into blowing up the den of sin with a stick of dynamite. He took a paper tube, painted it red, filled it with mud. Even stuck a fuse in it. He gave the stick of dynamite to the mother. She lit the fuse, threw it into the middle of the den of sin. Some man picked it up, threw it outside, hitting the old woman with it. She immediately picked it up, fuse still burning, and threw it back in, where it rolled under the pot belly stove. The men scrambled to get out so fast that they knocked over the pot belly stove. The building burned down." Beauty Queen grinned. "You can go now. I'm working your case."
Naomi said, "Look at your tablet. It pinged."
"Thank you, doll, as I was saying," Beauty Pageant Queen pushed a button the size of a pinhead and put the tablet back down. "As I was sayin," Beauty Pageant Queen heard another immediate ping. She picked up the tablet and stared at it. Naomi couldn't see, but thought the Queen must have launched the virtual keyboard and was watching orders. In the pupil of one eye reflected an email. Beauty Pageant Queen growled at the screen, typed two more commands, then satisfied, put the tablet back down on the desk. She picked up the tablet once more, stared into the screen so long Naomi felt obliged to clear her throat.
Naomi said, "You're working on my case? When do you expect to have a solution?"
Beauty Pageant Queen smiled a lustrous smile, "Sure, doll, soon."
"Thank you," Naomi got up and left. "Want me to shut the door?" but she saw Beauty Pageant Queen staring at the tablet, her tea mug already in hand. Naomi closed the door and walked to the elevator. Rodolfo pinged the event was over; he finish up the details. A short elevator ride later, Naomi exited into the lobby of the office building. She decided to order a latte; she swiped her cellphone to pay for it, and decided to sit down. Naomi stared into space. "Who was posting as me on the Internet?" Naomi put her tablet away. She stared into space. Than her tablet pinged.
Look out the window.
She knocked over her latte. Under the table, the cup drooled next to a pimento cheese crust. She looked at her tablet screen:
The two, they're not women. Imperson Nation. Wo Men. Men. The two have just been arrested, doll. Look out the window. XXX Beauty Pageant Queen.
Naomi jerked her eyes to the front of the lobby. Through the glass window, out in the street at the curb, she saw the blue light flashing and the two trainees from the world's smallest ISP in handcuffs.
Brief publishing history biography: Jennifer D. Riley has published two short stories on the Deep South web site. She has self-published two ebooks on Amazon. She is a member of the Triangle Writers Critique Group.


The first season of the hotly anticipated Rumassala is now out on iflix!
Academics, while trying to follow their theories on aliens, face unbelievable situations. This drama is about Sri Lankan mythologies, unproven theories and historical treasures.
Its been a while since we heard something out of his camp and here's his latest that dropped a few days ago.
What Happened When The At Last Project Hit CDM?


When Luftwaffe bombers first appeared in force in the night skies over London in September 1940 they heralded the beginning of The Blitz - the most sustained period of concentrated bombing aimed at British cities during World War II. Robert Taylor's evocative new painting brings to life the frightening scenario of the Luftwaffe's night bombing campaign. It is December 1941, and London is once again under concentrated attack. With fires raging below, the armada of German bombers is clearly visible in the night sky as they sweep across the city. Shimmering in the glow of destruction, a lone Hurricane night-fighter from 85 Squadron, based at nearby Gravesend, engages Heinkel 111s of KG55 in a desperate attempt to break up the formations.
Adding great authenticity to each print in Robert Taylor's dramatic new five-signature Commemorative Limited Edition print FURY OF ASSAULT, every copy has been individually hand-signed in pencil by four Luftwaffe Heinkel pilots who flew with KG55 during World War II along with an RAF Hurricane night-fighter pilot.


text:
<title>TestNG:  Command line test</title>
<link href="../testng.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="../my-testng.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

Command line test

Tests passed/Failed/Skipped:	8/0/0

Started on:	Mon May 05 21:08:50 GMT+03:00 2014

Total time:	1 seconds (1457 ms)

Included groups:

Excluded groups:

(Hover the method name to see the test class name)

PASSED TESTS

Test method
Exception
Time (seconds)
Instance

simpleTest
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.HistoryServiceTest

0
cmc.ps.test.service.HistoryServiceTest@106305aa

test
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.BusinessServiceTest

0
cmc.ps.test.service.BusinessServiceTest@3ac4a6d8

test
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.LegalEntityServiceTest

0
cmc.ps.test.service.LegalEntityServiceTest@54fb2274

test
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.OwnerServiceTest

0
cmc.ps.test.service.OwnerServiceTest@456c6746

test
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.PhysicalPersonServiceTest

0
cmc.ps.test.service.PhysicalPersonServiceTest@7e5f5681

test
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.TransitiveClosureServiceTest

0
cmc.ps.test.service.TransitiveClosureServiceTest@4e453182

transitiveClosureTest
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.TransitiveClosureServiceTest
Parameters: [[I@2c1833d5, [[I@68f2fb90, [[I@2861e0c4, [[I@31eb7892

0
cmc.ps.test.service.TransitiveClosureServiceTest@4e453182

transitiveClosureTest
Test class: cmc.ps.test.service.TransitiveClosureServiceTest
Parameters: [[I@5a38d2d8, [[I@489a912e, [[I@1bb1883f, [[I@2467ee4d

0
cmc.ps.test.service.TransitiveClosureServiceTest@4e453182

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Unit Testing with .net core
Unit testing should be a fundamental component of every developer's workflow, it should never be viewed as a necessary evil! As with most things in life, unit testing should become a habit and once you start doing it, it should be something you can't do without.I remember my first few weeks of taken up unit testing, I was doing it all wrong, in that, I was trying to retro-fit into legacy applications or legacy code.
This is not always a pleasurable experience because you will often soon find out, the majority of code developed is never developed with testing in mind and gradually you often end up rewriting entire chunks of the code base in order to make it testable!
Unit testing, is a lot like teenage sex, everyone talks about it, but really only a few are actually doing it!
In this post, I will discuss some aspects of retrofitting unit tests to legacy applications but mostly I will highlight some of the cool features of .net core that enable developers to effortlessly include unit tests into their everyday workflow.
I've been a long time fan of the .net framework in general, having started developing with it back in early 2002 when it was still in Beta and only available as VB.net. Migrating over from VB6 and Visual C++. Back then Unit Testing was something only open toe sandal wearing, grass juice drinking, California Hippy Java Developers were doing!
It took a couple of years after C# was released, that the .net developers really started taking unit testing seriously. I seem to recall, it was circa 2006/7 that it really started becoming something more & more folks in the community started banging the drums about it, and the Dark Matter Herd of developers looked up from the cubicles to take notice.
Back then it wasn't uncommon to open solutions and find 1000 lines of code behind button click events. Web applications were often difficult to test due to the fact developers were more concerned with wrestling with ViewState and bringing their Desktop development practices to the web.
Anything to do with testing was always something you gave to the intern, in the hope that they never ask you again for some work to do!
The release of ASP.net MVC, in my view accelerated adoption of Unit testing among the .net developer community. The Microsoft Patterns & Practices team really did do a good job of trying to spread the Gospel of Bob through the community. I started to notice more and more copies of Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship , appearing on developers desks.
The alt.net movement , circa 2007/8 then accelerated the adoption, as more and more developers started embracing Agile principles, with more and more offices getting familiar with Post-it notes on walls, and groups of people having stand up meetings in previously under appreciated corners of the office for 15 minutes during the day.
Books like first edition of The Art of Unit Testing: with examples in C# really helped .net developers adopt radical approaches to improving the quality of code and developing more and more code with testing in mind.
The Art of Unit Testing With Examples in C#
Roy Osherove
Views from the promise land
Myself, like a lot of developers, particularly most of the good ones I've met along my path, started to move away from the .net framework and Microsoft development stack in general, particularly after the fiasco that became known to the rest of the world as the release of Windows 8.
It seemed everyone at that time was starting to get involved with the new kid on the block, Node.JS and more and more developers started using MacBooks. The ROR community was ever inceasing.
Personally, I started working more on more with Linux, particularly Ubuntu and Fedora, mostly because the president of household financial affairs wouldn't allow me the to buy a Macbook, due to the price point conflicting with purchase of other household luxuries, like the mortgage, water, electricity and heating, I also found I could extend old laptops lifespans by formatting disks and installing Linux!
I started working more with PHP and Node and even started liking Java! I did keep working with .net but under the proviso that people had to pay me to work with Windows!.
What I like about the other programming languages and frameworks is that they all seemed to be developed with Unit Testing in mind. Many the of software development strategies and practices stemmed from running your components via Unit tests for the most part. I was surprised to find that Unit Tests were prevalent in PHP, a language which has long been known for it's large population of cowboys!
NodeJs in particular, is great to work in from a Unit Test point of view. There is an abundance of Unit Test Frameworks to select from, in fact one could waste weeks trialing the multitude of frameworks available, with more arriving by the hour!
The .net core CLI ships with support for creating unit test projects using any of the 3 frameworks available, MsTest , nUnit3 or xUnit out of the box.
The prodigal returns
It was back in late 2016, when I learned about .net core after becoming involved in project to develop cross platform software application. Originally we were considering Node, but the bright sparkle of the shiny was too hard to ignore and I succombed to the allure!
Once I installed Microsoft .net core on my Linux box, something I never thought I would do! I can only imagine it's the same feeling a heroine user experiences. Something so wrong, that feels just right!
The more I explored .net core, the more I realised that it had been developed with Unit Testing in mind. Aspects like Dependency Injection being baked into the framework from the start, instead of being something the developer had to configure, it's just there. You can implement whichever container of your choice but for 80% of use cases the out of the box DI container will suffice.
All this coupled with the fact, I could generate and start new projects using the CLI and Text Editor. It felt somewhat strange developing Microsoft Applications using Sublime Text on a Linux box! I kept having the feeling that this is not supposed to be the way the world works! But it does, and I have to say I like it!
This even prompted me to download Visual Studio Code and replace Sublime as my preferred editor.
The IDE
Text Editors are great! For the most part developers could spend 80% of their time in a Text Editors and the extensibility and plugins available you could convert your humble text editor into a fully fledged customised IDE, and Visual Studio code is certainly capable of this. However, all you're doing is building an IDE, and when all is said and done, a good IDE is still the number one choice for developers. Especially one that has in built support for running Unit Tests.
I always had a Love-Hate relationship with Visual Studio. It never really seemed to strike the right balance either way! There certainly are a lot of cool features but at the same time it could be so totally annoying, and prone to crashing at exactly the wrong time!
I was always a big fan of Resharper – Visual Studio Extension for .net developers, my particular favourtie has always been the Unit Test runner, which forms such a key component of my development workflow. This tool made me explore the Jetbrains tools more deeply and I have particularly grown to appreciate WebStorm – The Smartest JavaScript IDE, PHPstorm Lightning-smart PHP IDE , PyCharm – Python IDE for Professional Developers and even intelliJ – The Java IDE for Professional Developers.
I have always found them to be best IDE, and personally like being able to have particular IDE for your language of choice. As opposed to Visual Studio trying to be one IDE for all, and failing! But hey, thats my personal opinion!
So I for one, was one of those who were particularly excited by the release of Rider – Cross-Platform .NET IDE – I wasn't camping outside the offices of Jetbrains for days before the release excited – never the less I was eager to try it out!
The key features for me are the Unit Test runner and the Rich set of debugging tools! It's also great to have refactoring tools which actually work!
Probably the best benefit, is opening up the IDE without it complaining to you that Resharper is actually slowing it down!
EFen Framework Core
Even the bane of most developers lives got a refreshing facelift and makeover, and in my persoanl opinion has actually become easier to work with from a Unit test perspective.
Entity Framework Core a.k.a EF Core, packs in a few features that were somewhat missing or unworkable in previous releases, in particular the support for In-Memory test Databases.
It's now somewhat an Ironic approach to actually use Entity Framework in your unit tests, instead of trying to abstract and obfuscate it's use in your projects so you could actually unit test them! Another strange feeling one could only associate with illicit drug abuse!
One of the first projects I undertook with .net core, ironically was develop a Generic Repository Pattern and the Nuget package – Threenine.Data
Generic Repository Pattern for .net core
https://github.com/threenine/Threenine.Data
98 forks.
326 stars.
0 open issues.
Recent commits:
Added unit test and refactored the code, Gary Woodfine
Merge pull request #40 from threenine/feature/add-if-existschanged to workflows, GitHub
slight refactor to InsertNotExists to return entity, Gary Woodfine
2, Gary Woodfine
next version attempt, Gary Woodfine
The irony is not lost on me, the fact that I made use of Entity Framework to develop unit tests, for something that is supposed to abstract the use of Entity Framework within Projects. However, in reality the purpose of the project is not really supposed to abstract the use of Entity Framework, but it actually promotes the use of it.
In my opinion, EF Core actually exemplifies how much effort and purpose the folks at Microsoft have invested and making .net core a Unit Test friendly software development framework.
My particular Unit Test Framework of choice is xUnit – a free, open source, community-focused unit testing tool for the .NET Framework. However, in reality there are no perfect Unit test frameworks, they are all just a matter of personal choice.
Using a Unit testing framework doesn't ensure that the tests we write are readable, maintainable or trustworthy, or that they cover all the logic we'd like to test.
.NET Core has been designed with testability in mind, the result is that creating unit tests for your applications is easier than ever before. Most of the preamble .net developers needed to get their applications ready for implementing Unit Tests are no longer required. Most of the project templates available are capable of being unit tested out of the box.
The dotnet new is pre-packaged with 3 different Unit Test Projects templates including : xUnit, nUNit3 and MsTest and these are extremely easy to integrate within your projects. Especially considering ASP.NET Core supports the dependency injection (DI) software design pattern, which is a technique for achieving Inversion of Control (IoC) between classes and their dependencies. However, you are not restricted to using the built in DI Container and it is easier than ever to configure your own DI container, although that being said the out of the box container will suffice 80% of use cases.
Tags:.net coreunit testing
previousBook Review : The art of unit testing
nextWhat is Clean Code ?


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We are thrilled with the June 26 marriage opinion from U.S. Supreme Court!
We will host a national SCOTUS Ruling Community Call on Tuesday evening, 30 June 2015 to discuss the ruling and what it means. Your questions are welcomed!
Participants on the call will be: Kathleen Perrin, Director, Equality Case Files; David Cruz, Professor of Constitutional Law, University of Southern California School of Law; and host John Lewis, Director of Legal and Policy, Marriage Equality USA. The call will be moderated by Brian Silva, Executive Director of Marriage Equality USA.
Sign up for the SCOTUS Ruling Community Call now!


KELLY JONES has worked as a librarian and a bookseller, and now turns her talents to fiction. Her first book, Unusual Chickens for the Exceptional Poultry Farmer, was an Indies Introduce Pick, an ALA Notable Book, an SLJ Best Book, a Kirkus Reviews Best Book. Her second book is a regency mystery called Murder, Magic, and What We Wore. You can find her at her website: curiosityjones.net, or on Twitter: @curiosityjones.


text:
NICHD Archive
Note: Information on this page was accurate at the time of publication.
This page is no longer being updated.
Alcohol & Drug-Related Birth Defects Research at the NICHD
NICHD Research Seeks Clues into the Causes of Alcohol- and Drug-Related Birth Defects
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), birth defects occur in one of every 33 babies and are the leading cause of infant death. These problems, present at birth, are caused by genetics, the environment, and other known and unknown causes. Environmental causes of birth defects include chemical and other exposures that occur during pregnancy, including exposure to alcohol and drugs.
The NICHD is aware that the term "birth defects" carries negative undertones and that the term does not reflect the many abilities and talents of those impacted by these problems. Communities are discussing alternative terms for describing these birth problems. Until a consensus is reached, and with the goal of highlighting research on this important topic, this spotlight uses the term to describe health problems present at birth.
Research shows that there is no safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy; even a very small amount can have negative effects on the developing fetus. For this reason, health care providers recommend that women avoid drinking alcohol and eating foods or taking medications that may contain alcohol, such as certain cough syrups, if there is a chance they might be pregnant.
Drug exposure during pregnancy is not limited to illegal drugs, such as cocaine, but includes prescription and over-the-counter drugs and supplements that might disrupt the development of the fetus.
Health care providers recommend that women who are thinking about pregnancy avoid exposure to alcohol and drugs up to 3 months before starting to try to get pregnant. This and other aspects of pre-pregnancy care can help to promote a healthy pregnancy.
Factors that affect pregnancy and fetal development are central to the NICHD's research. The Institute supports and conducts research to understand the ways in which exposures to alcohol and drugs may affect pregnancy, a developing fetus, and development throughout the lifespan. Some of this research is done in partnership with other NIH Institutes whose sole focus is on alcohol and drugs, such as the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), while other efforts are handled solely by NICHD organizational units.
Within this context, some NICHD research is currently examining:
Effects of alcohol consumption on fetal development and infant health
Effects of exposure to different classes of drugs on fetal development and on later development
Mechanisms by which alcohol causes birth defects
Effects of alcohol on maternal health, including placental effects
Patterns of alcohol consumption and drug use during pregnancy
Recent and ongoing research by NICHD scientists and NICHD-funded researchers on alcohol- and drug-related birth defects is described below. Select a link to learn more:
Research on Alcohol- and Drug-Related Birth Defects
Research on the Mechanisms that Cause These Birth Defects
Research on Patterns of Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy
Absence of Eye Malformations in Alcohol-Exposed Children Who Do Not Develop Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
The effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the fetus have been known for some time. Such consumption can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), which include physical abnormalities and problems with behavior and learning that last throughout a person's life. FAS, which is characterized by more serious growth deficits, neurological defects, and body malformations, including problems with the structure of the head and face, is at the severe end of the FASD spectrum. Previous studies have found some eye abnormalities resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure, but no studies have investigated the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on the eye development of children who do not have FAS.
Recent findings from a study conducted by researchers in the NICHD Division of Intramural Population Health Research (DIPHR) aimed to address this issue and prospectively tracked the children of women who drank alcohol heavily during their pregnancies. Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as two or more ounces (or 48 grams or more) of alcohol per day. This level of alcohol intake per day has been linked to adverse effects on the developing fetus, including effects on the central nervous system. The participants in the study were from the NICHD University of Chile Alcohol in Pregnancy Study. The children in the study were examined and observed for a period of up to 9 years. None of the children developed FAS even though all had been prenatally exposed to alcohol. The study included a control cohort of children who were not prenatally exposed to alcohol.
Ophthalmologic examination of the children's eyes over the study period of up to 9 years did not show any differences between children who had been exposed to alcohol and those who had not. Eye examinations included measures to evaluate eye structure and function, including visual acuity, light refraction, amount of eyelid drooping, eye corner structure, and the spacing between the upper and lower eyelids. The findings suggest that children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure, who do not develop FAS, have normal eye development during early childhood. The findings also suggest that it is not be useful to use presence of eye abnormalities as a way to diagnose children suspected of having prenatal alcohol exposure-related effects. For details on this finding, visit PubMed ID: 18571671.
Exposure to Alcohol and Commercial Cigarettes Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Birth Defects
Few studies have simultaneously examined the effects of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking during pregnancy, although both are known to damage a developing fetus. In a study co-funded by the NICHD, the March of Dimes, and the California Tobacco-Related Diseases Research Program, researchers from the NICHD's DIPHR did just this. They examined the effects of prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke and alcohol. In the study, the researchers examined 1,355 cases, which included live-born infants, still-born fetuses (fetal death at greater than 20 weeks gestation), and electively terminated fetuses, with birth defects. Control cases included 700 live-born infants with no birth defects or other abnormalities. Women completed computer-based questionnaires during a 4-month periconceptional time, which was defined as from 2 months before conception to 2 months after conception.
In the study, maternal intake of alcohol less than 1 day per week was associated with about twice the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs), heart artery abnormalities, and cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (CLP), as compared with nondrinkers. Cleft lip and CLP are types of head and face abnormalities commonly seen in infants who have FAS. More frequent alcohol consumption during pregnancy led to higher rates of NTDs and CLP. Maternal smoking of cigarettes was not associated with an increased risk of NTDs or heart defects. Unexpectedly, smoking was associated with a lower risk of NTDs and a lower risk of certain types of heart defects. The results of this study suggested that maternal alcohol intake increases the risk for neural tube, heart, and facial birth defects. Although smoking cigarettes did not contribute to any of the birth defects that were evaluated in the study, smoking during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, lung problems, learning problems, and other short- and long-term health problems. For details on this finding, visit PubMed ID: 18481814.
Effects of Cocaine Exposure During Pregnancy on Child Development
As reported in a previous NICHD spotlight, researchers supported by the NICHD's Pregnancy and Perinatology (PP) Branch and NIDA examined the effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine on child development, specifically on the child's stress response system. The researchers found decreased cortisol response to stress in children who were exposed to cocaine in the womb compared to similarly aged children who were not exposed. Decreased cortisol response can lead to increased sensitivity to stress, pain, and fatigue.
While previous studies focused only on infants, this study collected data on 743 children from birth to age 11, testing the cortisol response to stress in samples of saliva. This allowed the scientists to weigh environmental factors such as poverty, violence, and parental influence. The most significant decrease in cortisol response was detected in children who were both exposed to cocaine prior to birth and exposed to domestic violence at any time since birth. The findings of decreased cortisol response in children exposed to drugs prenatally not only confirm similar findings from past studies but also show how these negative effects may persist well into childhood. For more information, visit http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20400094.
Research on the Mechanisms that Cause Birth Defects
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Does Not Affect Maternal Oxidative Stress or Blood Vessel Constriction
Previous studies have been unable to determine, biologically, how alcohol causes FASDs. Some research suggests that heavy alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy causes blood vessel to constrict (called vasoconstriction), which damages fetal cells. Vasoconstriction could also cause oxidative stress (an imbalance in the oxygen system that can disrupt normal cell signaling) and impair blood and tissue oxygenation, leading to additional cellular damage in the developing fetus. Researchers from the NICHD's DIPHR examined participants in the NICHD University of Chile Alcohol in Pregnancy Study to learn more.
Study participants included a cohort of 29 women who heavily consumed alcohol during pregnancy, e.g., two or more ounces of alcohol per day. The control cohort included 39 women who did not consume alcohol during their pregnancy. During the women's pregnancies, researchers collected urine samples and analyzed them for the presence of certain proteins that can indicate different levels of oxidative stress and blood vessel dilation/constriction.
The researchers found no differences in the levels of protein markers of oxidative stress and vasoconstriction between women who drank heavily during pregnancy and those who did not. The results suggest that maternal oxidative stress and vasoconstriction do not contribute to mechanisms that cause alcohol damage in the developing fetus. Researchers are continuing to investigate other mechanisms of alcohol's effect on the developing fetus. For details on this finding, visit PubMed ID: 18715278.
Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol Affects Growth-Associated Proteins in Infants and Children
Previous human and animal studies have shown that exposure to alcohol during pregnancy may interfere with both prenatal fetal and postnatal infant weight gain and height. In a study conducted by DIPHR, researchers examined the mechanism that allows alcohol to interfere with postnatal growth. In a prospective cohort study, the researchers assessed the growth of 69 children born to women who heavily consumed alcohol during pregnancy and 83 children born to women who did not drink during pregnancy. Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as four or more alcoholic drinks per day (48 grams or more of alcohol per day). (Please note that different studies use different definitions of alcohol use.)
In the study, the researchers collected blood from infants and children from 1 month to 5 years of age and measured the levels of several regulatory proteins, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and leptin. IGF-I and IGF-II are proteins that regulate growth and development; among its many activities, the hormone leptin regulates appetite and metabolism. In children ages 3, 4, and 5, IFG-II levels were higher in those born to mothers who drank alcohol during pregnancy than in children who were not exposed to alcohol. IGF-I levels were also higher, and leptin levels were lower in exposed children ages 1 and 2.
Although the study did not identify how changes in these proteins might affect growth, the findings suggest that alcohol exposure during pregnancy affects the levels of several proteins that are critical in growth regulation. There are few known markers of prenatal alcohol exposure—this study was the first to identify IGF-II as a possible marker. For details on this finding, visit PubMed ID: 20847545.
Researchers Develop a New Questionnaire for Assessing Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy
Developing effective survey tools, such as questionnaires, to help study alcohol consumption during pregnancy is an important area of epidemiological research. Knowing the patterns of alcohol exposure, including alcohol type, intake amount, and intake frequency, that contribute to developmental effects can help identify and design the most effective interventions. In a study conducted by DIPHR, in collaboration with the NIAAA, the NIH Office of Research on Minority Health, and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, researchers aimed to create and evaluate the usefulness of a questionnaire for studying alcohol consumption in pregnant women.
The 506 pregnant women in the study were older than age 18 years and participated in the study while they were visiting their local prenatal care clinics in Washington, DC. Women answered questions about themselves and about their drinking habits using a computer-based questionnaire. Questions included specifics about alcohol intake during the 3 months before pregnancy and during pregnancy, including the amount that the women drank, the type of alcohol, and the pattern of drinking throughout the week.
After analyzing the answers, researchers were able to categorize women by their risk for alcohol consumption during the rest of pregnancy. They found that women who were at high risk for drinking alcohol during pregnancy were: aware that others were worried about their drinking; drank upon waking in the morning; felt that they needed to reduce the amount that they drank; and had a fracture or road injury in the last 5 years.
According to the researchers, the study validated the new computer-based questionnaire as a useful tool and effective way to identify women who are at risk for drinking during pregnancy. This low-cost screening tool could also help identify women who could be at risk and who might benefit from interventions seeking to lower prenatal alcohol exposure. For details on this finding, visit PubMed ID: 21649675.
NICHD University of Chile Alcohol in Pregnancy Study
Although the information above describes some of the findings from the NICHD University of Chile Alcohol in Pregnancy Study, this is a continuing prospective study designed to determine the effects of heavy alcohol exposure on the developing fetus and longer-term effects on children. Working with pediatricians, psychologists, and other investigators at the University of Chile in Santiago, DIPHR researchers will continue to collect and analyze data to learn as much as possible about this important group of participants.
Prenatal Alcohol and SIDS and Stillbirth (PASS) Network
The PASS Network is maintained through a partnership of the NICHD Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch (PPB), the NIAAA, and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, to gain knowledge that can help women, families, physicians, and scientists find ways to improve pregnancy outcomes and infant health.
The PASS Network, which is comprised of different community-linked studies, has several objectives, including determining:
The association between prenatal alcohol exposure and the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), stillbirth (fetal death at greater than 20 weeks of gestation), FASD, and other adverse outcomes
The role of the timing, pattern, and amount of prenatal alcohol exposure and other environmental factors in the risk for morbidity and mortality in early human life
The role of genomic variation in modifying the risk for morbidity and mortality in early life associated with prenatal alcohol exposure
The role of alcohol exposure during pregnancy and of interactions among alcohol exposure and environmental and genetic modifiers in altering autonomic activity of the fetus and infant, and neurologic, audiologic, and neurobehavioral outcomes in the infant
The role of maternal alcohol exposure, as influenced by specific environmental and genetic factors, in impairing placental function and, thereby, possibly increasing the risk for fetal and/or infant morbidity and mortality
The abnormalities in key neurotransmitter systems in the brains of fetuses and/or infants that convey risk for sudden death, and the role of prenatal alcohol exposure, as influenced by specific environmental and genetic factors
The Safe Passage Study is currently the main component of the PASS Network. The Study will enroll approximately 12,000 pregnant women from the United States and South Africa and will track the development of their infants through pregnancy and the infants' first year of life.
Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology (OPP) Branch
Surveys indicate that nearly two-thirds of all pregnant women take up to four drugs during pregnancy and labor. These drugs might be available by prescription or over-the-counter, or they could be categorized as nutritional supplements. The OPP Branch was established in 2004 as a way to promote and coordinate research to improve the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals used by women during pregnancy.
Surveys indicate that nearly two-thirds of all pregnant women take up to four drugs during pregnancy and labor. These drugs might be available by prescription or over-the-counter, or they could be categorized as nutritional supplements. In utero exposure to these drugs could have unpredictable or harmful effects to the unborn fetus. The OPP Branch supports research to evaluate and improve the safety and efficacy of drugs used by women during pregnancy.
An important research projects funded by the OPP Branch is the Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Units (OPRU) Network. This Network provides the expertise and infrastructure to recruit pregnant women for clinical trials to evaluate the impact of various drugs already prescribed for the pregnant women during their pregnancies.
For more information on alcohol- and drug-related birth defects research at the NICHD, select one of the following links:
NICHD Resources
DIPHR Report to the NACHHD Council, January 2010 (Note: This is a scientific document geared toward an audience of researchers and scientists.)
Pregnancy and Perinatology (PP) Branch
PP Branch Report to the NACHHD Council, September 2008 (Note: This is a scientific document geared toward an audience of researchers and scientists.)
OPP Branch Report to the NACHHD Council, January 2008 (Note: This is a scientific document geared toward an audience of researchers and scientists.)
NICHD-Supported Networks
Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacological Research Units (OPRU) Network
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Fetal Alcohol Exposure
Drinking and Your Pregnancy
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Alcohol Use in Pregnancy Web Page
Originally Posted: June 27, 2012
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Content OwnerOffice of CommunicationsLast Reviewed Date 6/27/2012


text:
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This Economic Indicator Is Proving the Naysayers Wrong
Frank Holmes
Flying in the face of negative economic news, U.S. factories picked up steam for the third straight month in November. The preliminary manufacturing purchasing manager's index (PMI), a leading indicator we closely track here at U.S. Global Investors, pulled further away from its August low with a reading of 52.2 this month. That's up from 51.3 in October and marks a seven-month high. Remember, investors are better served when they follow the trend lines, not the headlines. A raft of economic reports on Friday welcomed the turnaround: Chris Williamson, chief economist at IHS Markit—which releases the monthly PMI—wrote that the November reading "adds to evidence that the worst of the economy's recent soft patch may be behind us." Responding to the manufacturing uptrend, Renaissance Macro's head of economics, Neil Dutta, urged investors to "look for construction activity to rise." "Today's improvement," wrote Cornerstone Macro's Nancy Lazar, "shows U.S. manufacturing is recovering as trade uncertainty recedes." Finally, Stan Shipley at Evercore ISI said that Friday's improved PMI and consumer sentiment releases "suggest solid employment and consumer spending will pull the manufacturing sector higher rather than the manufacturing sector dragging the overall economy lower." Taken together, this is all very constructive not just for manufacturers but also exporters, container shipping companies and cargo airlines, not to mention the energy, materials and financial sectors. The Boeing Co., for instance, announced a bump in orders for its still-grounded 737 MAX aircraft. Following this year's Dubai Airshow, the world's largest aerospace event, Boeing reported that Kazakhstan's Air Astana had committed itself to as many as 30 MAX jets, while an undisclosed buyer ordered 20. This comes after SunExpress, a Turkish leisure carrier, purchased 10, bringing the total value of MAX sales to $7.5 billion. Negative headlines may get the clicks, but savvy investors who can look past those headlines and follow the money often get the rewards.
Global Debt Expected to Hit a New Record Amount
Although the PMI report is encouraging, there's still reason to remain somewhat cautious long-term. The latest accounting of global debt levels was just released, and the news might be so bad that it's good—for gold prices, at least. After climbing above $250 trillion in the first half of 2019, the amount of debt that's owed by governments, the financial sector and non-financial sector is now forecast to touch a record $255 trillion by year's end, according to the Washington, D.C.-based Institute of International Finance (IIF). Says IIF economists, this mind-boggling sum is the equivalent of 320 percent of total global economic activity—the highest level ever. To put it another way, for every $1 that's produced today, an additional $3.20 in debt is created and thrown atop the heap. I shouldn't need to say it, but I will anyway: This is unsustainable. As economist Martin Murenbeeld writes in his most recent Gold Monitor newsletter, "rising global debt levels is one of our most important medium/long-term factors in the gold outlook." That's because debt "inhibits growth," Murenbeeld says, "and high debt levels will, when central banks are committed to targeting maximum employment and stable inflation, limit central banks' policy options to 'loose' or 'very loose.'" "All this will be very positive for gold, of course!" he adds.
$7 Trillion in Unfunded U.S. Pension Liabilities
Here in the U.S., national debt hit an unimaginable $23 trillion on October 31—Halloween Day, of all days. That's roughly 107 percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), or nearly double its share of the economy from 2000. This data comes from U.S. National Debt Clock, which I highly recommend you visit if you haven't already done so. It's an invaluable tool. What I find particularly eye-opening is the amount of unfunded public pension liabilities. They're currently closing in on $7 trillion—the equivalent of $20,700 per U.S. citizen. An unfunded pension is any retirement plan for which sufficient assets have not been set aside, and as Murenbeeld points out, such obligations can inhibit economic growth. The greater they become, the more tax revenues must go not toward infrastructure, education and other public benefits, but to fixed costs. It should come as no surprise to you that the U.S. city facing the biggest shortfall at the moment is Chicago, Illinois. About a third of the Windy City's budget is earmarked for pension payments alone, and when you combine other obligations such as debt service and "other postemployment benefits" (OPEBs), fixed costs amount to 45 percent of expenditures. Back in July 2017, I discussed the Illinois budget crisis at length, and since then not much has improved despite state and city leaders' best efforts. In fiscal year 2019, Illinois taxpayers contributed a record $10 billion toward the state's unfunded pension liabilities, and yet it still wasn't enough to prevent them from growing, from $131 billion in 2018 to $137 billion this year. Unfunded Chicago pensions have also deepened further into deficit in the four years since former mayor Rahm Emanuel's series of painful tax hikes on everything from property to water services to 911 emergency lines. According to a Chicago Tribune investigation, city pension debt has ballooned to $7 billion since the new taxes went into effect in 2015.
Time to Replace Bonds? WGC Says: "Maybe"
My reason for sharing this with you is that, again, higher debt levels have put tremendous pressure on the Federal Reserve (and central banks in general) to keep monetary policy "loose" or "very loose." In turn, bond yields have been unremarkable lately, to say the least. Case in point: The nominal 10-year Treasury yield was trading at just under 1.8 percent on Friday—which, coincidentally, is the current annual rate of U.S. inflation, according to the Department of Labor's October report. What this means is that the real yield on the 10-year T-note is a big fat 0 percent. And when this happens, according to the World Gold Council (WGC), "it may be time to replace bonds with gold." "Re-optimizing portfolio structures for lower future expected bond returns suggests investors should consider an additional 1 percent to 1.5 percent gold exposure in diversified portfolios," the WGC writes in a report dated October 30. The London-based group adds that "extremely low or negative yielding bonds could weigh on the overall performance" of investors' portfolios," which favors "additional gold exposure."
Gold Is on Sale, "Creating Room for Further Gains"
Last week gold continued to trade below its 50-day and 100-day moving averages as investors seem to be waiting for the next catalyst, whether that's Fed policy, movements in the U.S. dollar or developments in the U.S.-China trade war. In a note to investors, UBS strategist Joni Teves says she sees the pause in gold prices as an opportunity for investors. "We think the ongoing consolidation in the market is healthy, creating room for further gains, and likely also easing some of the persistent concerns on positioning," Joni writes. "We would view this as an opportunity to gradually re-engage at better levels, especially as investors look to the year ahead, with uncertainty likely to persist and rates likely to stay low." She concludes by saying that gold could trade at $1,600 an ounce next year, with a "pit stop at $1,550 over the next three months." Thinking about buying the dip in gold? Watch my interview with Kitco's Daniela Cambone by clicking here!


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← MU men's hoops Q & A with King Rice
MU women's hoops season wrap with Jenny P →
MU 2013 Men's Soccer sked announced
Posted on March 14, 2013 by Tony Graham
Every game but one is under the lights
Monmouth University Men's Soccer Head Coach Robert McCourt has announced his team's 2013 schedule as it begins its first season in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. The Hawks will face three NCAA Tournament qualifiers, including the season opener at perennial national power and 2011 National Champion North Carolina. The Hawks will also face Wake Forest in their second game of the season and 2012 MAAC Tournament Champion Niagara. All nine regular-season home games in 2013 will be played under the lights on The Great Lawn at 7 p.m.
More at gomuhawks.com
Fri, Aug 30 North Carolina at Chapel Hill, N.C. 7:00 p.m.
Sun, Sep 01 Wake Forest at Winston-Salem, N.C. 7:00 p.m.
Fri, Sep 06 Seton Hall West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Wed, Sep 11 Villanova West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Sat, Sep 14 Boston University at Boston, Mass. 7:00 p.m.
Fri, Sep 20 Albany West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Sun, Sep 22 Hofstra at Hempstead, N.Y. 1:00 p.m.
Sat, Sep 28 Central Connecticut St. West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Sat, Oct 05 Fairfield * at Fairfield, Conn. 7:00 p.m.
Wed, Oct 09 Iona * West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Sat, Oct 12 Siena * West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Wed, Oct 16 Rider * at Lawrenceville, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Sat, Oct 19 Marist * at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 7:00 p.m.
Wed, Oct 23 Saint Peter's * West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Sat, Oct 26 Quinnipiac * West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Wed, Oct 30 Manhattan * at Riverdale, N.Y. 7:00 p.m.
Sat, Nov 02 Niagara * West Long Branch, N.J. 7:00 p.m.
Sat, Nov 09 Canisius * at Buffalo, N.Y. 7:00 p.m.
About Tony Graham
Long time Asbury Park Press reporter of local high school and collegiate sports. Proud Phan of the 2008 World Series Champion Philadelphia Phillies.
One Response to MU 2013 Men's Soccer sked announced
if theres a team i love to follow almost as much as MU BBall its MU Soccer. This team plays with a ton of energy and always moves the ball well, and is very well coached. Gotta love this schedule. If they could find a way to win or draw against UNC in the opener, that could really put them back on the map and get some national attention like they had 3 years ago.
Josh Newman on Monmouth University and local college athletics
Steve Edelson
Steve Edelson has been covering the area sports scene for more than 25 years. And while he has chronicled the accomplishments of many athletes, he's still patiently waiting for his first hole-in-one.
How I feel about the departures of Dion Nesmith and Marcus Ware
A good move, King Rice needs to look to the future with younger players who are :"his" recruits (57%, 67 Votes)
Not a good move, they would have been fifth year seniors who may have helped significantly (31%, 36 Votes)
I'll wait and see how it works out (12%, 14 Votes)
Annapolis Maryland <> MU women's lacrosse D'Urso hopes to spark MU defense vs. Navy on MU women's lacrosse D'Urso hopes to spark MU defense vs. Navy
Tony Graham on MU athletic news: Steele turns pro, Josh James news, MU baseball downs future MAAC foe
Tony Graham on MU football spring Blue-White game April 27 on radio
MJ on MU athletic news: Steele turns pro, Josh James news, MU baseball downs future MAAC foe
full court press on MU football spring Blue-White game April 27 on radio


From the best-selling author of Subliminal and The Drunkard's Walk, a groundbreaking new look at the neuroscience of change, and at how tapping into elastic thinking will help us thrive in the modern world.
Drawing on cutting-edge research, Leonard Mlodinow takes us on an illuminating journey through the mechanics of our minds as we navigate the rapidly changing landscapes around us. Out of the exploratory instincts that allowed our ancestors to prosper hundreds of thousands of years ago, humans developed a cognitive style that Mlodinow terms elastic thinking, a unique set of talents that include neophilia (an affinity for novelty), schizotypy (a tendency toward unusual perception), imagination and idea generation, and divergent and integrative thinking. These are the qualities that enabled innovators from Mary Shelley to Miles Davis, from the inventor of jumbo-sized popcorn to the creators of Pokémon Go, to effect paradigm shifts in our culture and society. In our age of unprecedented technological innovation and social change, it is more important than ever to encourage these abilities and traits.


Your Housing Association / Landlord has a legal obligation to have an annual gas safety check carried out on all of their properties if a gas meter is fitted, even if there are no gas appliances actually fitted to it.
It is also important for households to also service their appliances for longevity.
Hot water, and as the cooler months loom a warm home, is something that we tend to take for granted nowadays and in most homes, this is usually available at the flick of a switch.
The check will include a full service of the boiler and a safety check of any other gas appliances in the property and will not cost you anything. When it is due, We will contact you to make an appointment and attend to complete the necessary safety checks.


The 3030 split brush grommet from Upsite Technologies is remarkably popular and for good reason. This brush grommet saves 48 percent more energy than any other brush grommet on the market. Perfect for smaller cable openings. These units also features a second layer of support to keep bristles from sagging and ensure maximum sealing capacity.


Dating from the 1970s and built on the site of the old coal wharf, this is a low level modern brick built pub and restaurant. Totally free of tie and under the current ownership for over 5 years, this establishment has developed a reputation for good food and beer and is a popular stop off for narrow boat tourists. It has an extensive car park and plenty of outside drinking and eating areas, which lead down to the canal side. Inside there are several comfortably furnished drinking areas and a large separate dining room. The guest ales are invariably from Grainstore (Phipps IPA is a big seller here) and other local brewers within a 30 mile radius. Westons cider is available during the Summer months. Food is served every day but times vary, so check their website for full details. Booking advisable at weekends.


This 9v9 goalpost resolves the issue of dipping crossbars seen on other uPVC goals. The grass surface 9V9 goalpost is made from 68mm reinforced uPVC with a two section aluminum crossbar for ultimate straightness.The ideal club MATCH goal. Included is a top quality net and unique ground anchors that require no digging.
The goal assembles via means of a 'push fix locking' system and nuts and bolts on crossbar to connect the straight aluminum crossbar. This goal will also fit into our large 2.8m carry bag (available separately) for easy transportation as the crossbar is made in two sections with a join in the centre. (This goal can easily be stored without the need for a bag).
This goalpost includes Arrowhead Net Fixings for neat and quick fitting of the top quality net and ground anchors.
9v9-goalpost with Arrowhead net fixings and nets pegged into the grass.
Please note the image above shows the aluminum crossbar in mill finish, the goal comes with a white painted crossbar. This goal is normally supplied with two section crossbars, however if goals are left assembled the goals are available in single section 16′ long crossbars.
£255.70p inc VAT click to buy online.


text:
import { Component, OnInit, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';
import { ActivatedRoute, Router } from '@angular/router';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import { ListReceivedMessagesViewModel } from './viewModels/listReceivedMessagesViewModel';
import { MessageService } from '../../../services/message/messageService';
import { UserService } from '../../../services/user/user.service';
import { Message } from '../../../services/message/responses/messageResponse';
import { ElementState } from '../../../common/elementState';
import '../../../common/arrayExtensions';
import '../../../common/dateExtensions';

@Component({
    moduleId: module.id,
    selector: 'sd-list-received-messages',
    templateUrl: 'listReceivedMessagesComponent.html',
    styleUrls: ['listReceivedMessagesComponent.css']
})
export class ListReceivedMessagesComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
    public viewModel: ListReceivedMessagesViewModel;
    private sub: any;

    constructor(
        private route: ActivatedRoute,
        private router: Router,
        private messageService: MessageService,
        private userService: UserService) {

        this.viewModel = {
            rows: [],
            elementState: ElementState.Loading,
            page: 1,
            records: 0,
        };
    }

    public ngOnInit() {
        this.sub = this.route.params.subscribe(params => {
            this.viewModel.page = parseInt(params['page']);

            Observable.forkJoin([
                this.messageService.getInbox(this.viewModel.page, 10),
                this.messageService.getInboxCount()
            ]).subscribe((response: any[]) => { //Return proper types here and hereon.
                var inboxResponse: Message[] = response[0];
                var inboxCountResponse: number = response[1];

                this.viewModel.rows = inboxResponse.map((message: Message) => {
                    //Angular2 date bug again?
                    let sentOnAny = <any>message.sentOn;
                    let sentOn = new Date(sentOnAny);

                    return {
                        id: message.id,
                        senderFullName: message.sender.fullName,
                        senderImageUrl: message.recipient.imageUrl,
                        title: message.title,
                        sentOnString: sentOn.getFormattedString(),
                        read: message.read
                    };
                });

                this.viewModel.records = inboxCountResponse;

                if (this.viewModel.rows.length > 0) {
                    this.viewModel.elementState = ElementState.Ready;
                } else {
                    this.viewModel.elementState = ElementState.NoData;
                }
            });
        });
    }

    public ngOnDestroy() {
        this.sub.unsubscribe();
    }

    pageSelected($event: any) {
        this.router.navigate(['/message/list-received/' + $event]);
    }
}


1).Quick Release Button: Press button on back of unit to slide open and then take out mobile phone. Press the arms on both side to clamp mobile phone again, simple of operation, save time and power.
2).360 Degree Rotation: The fully 360-degree rotation provide you with the best viewing angle.The holder ensures safe driving whether you are talking, navigating, listening to music or charging.
3).Broad Compatibility: Passed a wide range of tests, fit for most cellphones, iPhone 7 7 Plus iPhone 6s Plus, 6s, 5s, 5c ,Samsung Galaxy S6, HTC,LG, Nexus, Nokia, GPS Device. Sturdy, cradle-less and attractive device holding system.suitable for width size from 1.9 inch to 3.7inch smart phone or electronic devices.
4).Single-handed Operation: Simple installation and removal of smart phones. Simplistic Installation, Single-handed Operation, No Tools Needed.
put your device into the mount, adjust the extension arms to clamp tighten your device.
Write review about (2-in-1 Car Phone Holder,Air Vent Cell Phone Holder Mount Cradle Dashboard Windshield Universal-Yellow): Before you write an review, please make sure that you are in logging status.


text:
KBS WORLD RADIONorth Korea Inside
Exchange between South and North Korea
Status of World Nuclear Forces
Timeline: North Korea's Nuclear and Missile Programs
NK Nuclear Weapons
Six-Party Talks
Inter-Korean Summit
Territory & Geography
Brief History of NK
NK Politics / Regime
North Korean leader
FAQ by Topic
share Select Language
Inside North Korea
Iran Crisis Calls Attention to N. Korea-U.S. Relations
© YONHAP News
On July 8th, the International Atomic Energy Agency confirmed that Iran enriched uranium beyond the previously-agreed enrichment level under a 2015 nuclear deal. The announcement was followed by a strong warning from the U.S. against Iran. The escalating conflict between the two countries is calling attention to relations between the U.S. and North Korea, with which the U.S. is also holding nuclear negotiations. Here is Shin Beom-chul, director of the Center for Security and Unification at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies with more.
Relations between Iran and the U.S. have gone from bad to worse. Last year, U.S. President Donald Trump withdrew the U.S. from a nuclear agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action that was signed by Iran and major world powers in 2015 under the Obama administration. Of course, Washington's unilateral withdrawal drew strong backlash from Tehran.
Iran has recently announced that it would soon exceed uranium enrichment above the 3.67 percent level set in the nuclear deal. In response, the U.S. is showing signs of strengthening sanctions against Iran, with U.S. Vice President Mike Pence bringing up the phrase "maximum pressure" again. The U.S. looks set to put stronger economic pressure on Iran, although it may not go as far as considering a military option for now.
On July 8th, Iran's Atomic Energy Organization declared the virtual suspension of its commitment to the landmark nuclear accord. It also threatened to increase uranium enrichment to 20 percent purity if Europe fails to implement the nuclear pact properly. Before the agreement was signed, Iran had a stockpile of uranium enriched up to 20 percent. Weapons-grade material requires up to 90 percent of enrichment.
U.S. Vice President Mike Pence responded that the U.S. would continue to bring pressure on the Iranian economy and never allow Tehran to obtain a nuclear weapon. Some diplomatic experts compare the tense relations between Iran and the U.S. to North Korea-U.S. ties.
During a surprise meeting between Trump and his North Korean counterpart Kim Jong-un at the inter-Korean border village of Panmunjom on June 30th, the two sides agreed to hold working-level negotiations. Based on the friendly relations between the two leaders, the U.S. is unlikely to put additional pressure on North Korea, while still keeping sanctions in place, and the North wants to keep bilateral dialogue going. North Korea-U.S. relations are pretty good, but Iran-U.S. relations are not. In terms of their nuclear capabilities, North Korea is far superior to Iran. The U.S. is employing atypical diplomacy, placing pressure on Iran, while engaging in dialogue with North Korea.
The U.S. has been in a tug-of-war with both North Korea and Iran over the nuclear issue. But Washington's attitude has been completely different when it comes to dealing with Tehran and Pyongyang. In addition to their two previous summits, the leaders of the U.S. and North Korea held a brief meeting last month and agreed on the resumption of working-level negotiations to discuss ways to move their stalled denuclearization talks forward.
On the other hand, the U.S. abandoned the nuclear deal with Iran, pressuring the country with economic sanctions and even military threats. So then, why does the U.S. smile at North Korea and frown upon Iran?
The U.S.'s current attitude has to do with its international strategy. The U.S. perceives North Korea as a small, impoverished Northeast Asian country surrounded by China, Russia, Japan and South Korea, even though it possesses nuclear weapons. Therefore, the U.S. seems to believe that it is possible to control North Korea.
Iran, in contrast, is a regional power in the Middle East, and Iran's nuclear weapons development may completely change the course of Washington's Middle Eastern policy. Under the current policy, the U.S. manages the region based on its alliance with Saudi Arabia, whose strongest rival is none other than Iran. If Iran goes ahead with nuclear development, Saudi Arabia may follow suit, possibly jeopardizing stability in the region and raising oil prices to rattle the global economy. For these reasons, the U.S. is likely to continue to take a hard-line stance on Iran-related issues.
On July 1st, the Wall Street Journal pointed out that Trump has a limited number of tools when dealing with Iran compared to North Korea. That is, the American president communicates directly with the North Korean leader, while the strong U.N. sanctions against Pyongyang still have wide international support. On the other hand, it isn't easy for the U.S. to control the nuclear activities of Iran, which could become the only economic and political stumbling block in the Middle East standing in the way of Washington.
After walking away from the 2015 Iranian nuclear deal, the Trump administration has tried to draw Iran and the international community to a new negotiation table. However, unlike North Korea, Iran isn't very active about dialogue.
North Korea believes that it has completed its nuclear capabilities. Now it is seeking to get economic sanctions lifted through negotiations. In other words, the nation has entered the phase of managing the situation through dialogue.
In comparison, Iran may find it necessary to react against Washington's withdrawal from the nuclear deal. But it is questionable if Iran will continue to confront the U.S. in the face of intensifying pressure. In the case of the North Korean nuclear issue, the crisis lasted for some time before shifting to the dialogue phase. Similarly, Iran and the U.S. could reach a reasonable compromise at some point, although there is currently a lot of tension between the two sides. With this possibility in mind, they may engage in a war of nerves for now.
Iran may learn a lesson from North Korea, which is seeking to improve relations with the U.S. through dialogue. North Korea-U.S. relations were extremely tense in 2017 when the U.S. put great pressure on the North and Pyongyang responded with a nuclear test and intercontinental ballistic missile launch. But they were able to find a breakthrough last year by holding a historic bilateral summit.
Although it is in a bitter confrontation with the U.S., Iran could follow in North Korea's footsteps. However, if tensions between Iran and the U.S. continue, North Korea may change its attitude in its own negotiations with the U.S.
Whenever holding negotiations with the U.S., North Korea has claimed that the U.S. failed to implement previous agreements. This time as well, Pyongyang doggedly stressed the need for phased denuclearization as a sort of safety valve in case the U.S. refused to carry out their agreement. In this respect, the failed Iranian nuclear deal may negatively affect the nuclear negotiations between North Korea and the U.S.
I don't think the denuclearization talks will find a comprehensive solution anytime soon. Pyongyang and Washington will be able to resolve the problem only after building mutual trust or making a bold decision. Before that, they will repeat the boring and grueling negotiation process. They will have to brace for protracted negotiations.
Following its unilateral withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal in May of last year, the U.S. reinstated economic sanctions on Iran. North Korea is concerned about this development. The clash between Iran and the U.S. will likely influence denuclearization talks between North Korea and the U.S., while Washington's Iran policy is also expected to determine the course of relations between Pyongyang and Washington.
News ㅣ 2020-01-17
Biegun Reaffirms US Commitment to Nuclear Talks with N. Korea
US Ambassador Urges S. Korea to Consult with US about Inter-Korean Projects
N. Korea Repeats Demand for Removal of Geumgang Facilities
DMZ Peace Trail


We are your low price general service mechanic in La Mesa! Check out some of our specials, Nobody Beats Our Prices!
When it comes to auto glass service, you want to make sure you're getting a high quality window. Let our experienced technicians handle your auto glass needs and get you back on the road in no time.


text:
The Office - Season 1 (UK)
The story of an office that faces closure when the company decides to downsize its branches. A documentary film crew follow staff and the manager David Brent as they continue their daily lives.
Genre: Drama, Comedy
Actors: Ricky Gervais, Martin Freeman, Mackenzie Crook, Lucy Davis, Ewen MacIntosh, Ben Bradshaw, Jamie Deeks, Jane Lucas, Emma Manton, Alexander Perkins, Philip Pickard, ...»
Director: Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant
Episode 01: Downsize
Episode 02: Work Experience
Episode 03: The Quiz
Episode 04: Training
Episode 05: New Girl
Episode 06: Judgement
Keywords: #Lucy Davis #Mackenzie Crook #Martin Freeman #Ricky Gervais #Season 1 #The Office
Actors Of "The Office - Season 1 (UK)"
25 June 1961, Reading, Berkshire, England, UK
8 September 1971, Aldershot, Hampshire, England, UK
Mackenzie Crook
29 September 1971, Maidstone, Kent, England, UK
Lucy Davis
2 January 1973, Solihull, West Midlands, England, UK
Ewen MacIntosh
Ben Bradshaw
Jamie Deeks
Jane Lucas
Emma Manton
Alexander Perkins
Philip Pickard
Joel Beckett
1973, Potton, Bedfordshire, England, UK
Patrick Baladi
25 December 1971, Birmingham, West Midlands, England, UK
Julie Fernandez
May 30, 1974 in Ilford, Essex, England, UK
Rachel Isaac
28 September 1974, Wales, UK
Howard Saddler
Stirling Gallacher
1965, Bowdon, Cheshire, England, UK
Ralph Ineson
15 December 1969, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, UK
Oliver Chris
7 November 1978, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England, UK
Angela Clerkin
Patrick Driver
Tony MacMurray
Sally Bretton
Yvonne D'Alpra
1938, Lambeth, London, England, UK
Tom Goodman-Hill
1968, Enfield, Middlesex, England, UK
1970, Stockport, Cheshire, England, UK
David Schaal
27 May 1963, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Ron Merchant
24 November 1974, Bristol, England, UK
Mike Jerome Putnam
Elizabeth Berrington
3 August 1970, Wallasey, Cheshire, England, UK
Nicola Cotter
Steve Brody
Neil Fitzmaurice
1969, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, UK
Alec Christie
11 January 1974, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, UK
Sandy McDade
1964, Galashiels, Scotland, UK
1958 in London, England, UK
Martha Howe-Douglas
1980, Birmingham, West Midlands, England, UK
Vincent Franklin
3 November 1966, Yorkshire, England, UK
Kiki Kendrick
30 January 1974, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK
Phaldut Sharma
20 February 1969, England, UK
Peter Purves
Matthew Holness
Hugh Parker
Howard Brown
Sandy Hendrickse
Dick Bradnum
Bruce Mackinnon
17 October 1978, Esher, Surrey, England, UK
Che Walker
1968, Camden, London, England, UK
Greg Burns
Ellen Collier
Richard Hollis
Joann Condon
Paul 'Bubble' Ferguson
June 7, 1976 in London, England, UK
Julia Davis
1966, Bath, Somerset, England, UK
Mike McClean
Cally Lawrence
Robert Purdy
Sue Gifford
Kellie Shirley
11 July 1981, Croydon, Surrey, England, UK
Peter Heppelthwaite
1967, Hillingdon, London, England, UK
Dan Renton Skinner
1973, London, England, UK
Lucy O'Connell
Ash Varrez
Tiff Stevenson
Critics Of "The Office - Season 1 (UK)"
November 08, 2017 The Office changed comedy when it hit the airwaves.
Read in Source
IGN Movies
September 07, 2018 The brilliance of the series lies in this juxtaposition of the seemingly boring with the outrageous.
November 08, 2017 [Ricky] Gervais is brilliant as the clueless office manager.
January 30, 2018 A half-hour of the first season still works like an anti-emetic after the all-you-can-eat binge-fest of the recent sweeps week. After the full 40 minutes, I'm as good as new.
September 07, 2018 The first time you watch the show, you really don't believe what you're seeing.
February 04, 2019 It's a wonderful, subversive concept, and by failing to romanticize the players, Office remains true to its ghastly, funny self.
What Culture
August 14, 2018 Even though some thought it wasn't funny at all, due to its cringe-worthy humour and awkward characters, it's certainly an achievement to take all of these terribly unlikeable people and make us fall in love with them.
November 08, 2017 But the British office was mean where the American office is nice. And that's better.
June 28, 2018 Gervais is also goofily spot-on in what he doesn't say; the show, shot in documentary style, has him continually directing self-consciously insecure sideways glances at the camera, always to amusing effect.
February 25, 2020 The Office is a very funny spoof documentary series, though more "Ouch!" than "Ha, ha!"
Boston Phoenix
July 02, 2018 There is no laugh track, no frenetic action, no too-clever sex jokes, no cute daydreams, no outsize office kooks... The Office is perfect as it is, a sharp, ill-tempered slice of life.
May 03, 2019 "The Office" isn't a place anyone in his or her right mind would want to work, but shadowing these characters for a half-hour is entertainment at its most brilliantly nuanced.