text:
Q: Tensorflow: Change placeholder during ScipyOptimizer I am using the ScipyOptimizerInterface in tensorflow. I provide a minimal example below, where I optimize function f(x)=p*x**2+x for some placeholder p.
Now, I would like to gradually change the value of the placeholder during optimization, i.e. I want to change p in every step of the optimizer. Because I am using ScipyOptimizerInterface however, I only get the final result of the optimization, not after a single step.
Question: How can I gradually change p over time? Of course, I still want the optimization to run efficiently.

Motivation
In my actual use case, I want the final result of my optimization to satisfy some non-linear constraints. To ensure this, I introduce a penalty for violations of those constraints, and weight this penalty with p. By increasing p over time, I allow some violations initially, but ensure that in the end, the constraints are satisfied.

Minimal example
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.contrib.opt import ScipyOptimizerInterface

# setup variables
x=tf.get_variable("x",initializer=[1.0])
p=tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32)
val=10.0

# setup optimization
f=p*x**2+x
optimizer = ScipyOptimizerInterface(f, options={'maxiter': 100})

# run
with tf.Session() as session:
    init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
    session.run(init, feed_dict={p:val})

    optimizer.minimize(session, feed_dict={p:val})

    ret=session.run(x)
    print(ret)

If it matters: My tensorflow version is 1.4.1.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You may be wondering what the educational requirements are to become a chiropractor, physical therapist or massage therapist. There are varying requirements to becoming a professional in any of these fields.
Chiropractors have to complete strict educational requirements in comparison to many other kinds of health care professions. Most applicants attending a chiropractic college already obtain an undergraduate degree in a medical field, such as biology or physics. After acceptance into an accredited chiropractic college, students are required to study at least four more academic years as a standard. A large portion of the time spent during chiropractic education requires the students to engage in clinical training.
Chiropractors are also educated in a number of healing sciences, which is comparable to the education that medical doctor receives. They are required to study rehabilitation, anatomy, nutrition, physiology and general health.
Just like other types of medical doctors, students of chiropractic are required to study patients for a large fraction of the curriculum. This clinical practice helps students learn to evaluate, understand and care for patients. Another common standard in training requires chiropractic students to finish at least one year of a clinical based program, which allows them to deal with genuine patient care.
The entire curriculum consists of a minimum of 4,200 hours of laboratory, clinical and classroom experience. The study course is then brought to an accreditation agency for approval. In order to practice in Canada or the US, graduates are required to pass licensing exams as well.
This broad and stringent education is vital for preparing chiropractic doctors to properly diagnose, treat and care for patients.
Physical therapists must have a graduate degree from an accredited program in physical therapy in order to practice. Physical therapy students are required to earn a bachelor's degree before enrolling in a physical therapy program. There are also some additional requirements prior to enrollment, such as test scores and GPA submissions, physical therapy experience (observation or volunteer) and prerequisite courses in certain subjects.
Physical therapy students typically study a variety of topics such as biomechanics, anatomy, physiology, neurological dysfunction management and musculoskeletal system pathology. They are also required to join clinical courses and internships that allow them to gain hands-on experience. These requirements help students learn about treatment, patient care, screen and assessment.
The licensing requirements for physical therapists can vary, though the standard requires physical therapists to have a physical therapy graduate degree from an accredited institute, as well as a passing grade on a physical therapy examination.
The first step to becoming a massage therapist requires the completion of a training program at a massage therapy institute. It is common for most massage therapy students to undergo a minimum of 650 hours in training. The training encompasses educational requirements such as physiology, anatomy, hands-on and electives.
After graduating, students are required to pass one or more exams in order to obtain a license. These exams can include jurisprudence and national certification exams.


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text:
Sunday Links 26-Aug-2018: Facebook and Nutella, Neanderthal Denisovan mix, infinite book scroll, Angry Angry Hippo
Below is my weekly summary of things I've enjoyed reading, with commentary.
1. Facebook and Nutella. The New York Times story Facebook Fueled Anti-Refugee Attacks in Germany was by far the most posted link in my twitter feed this week. Most quoted sentence: "Wherever per-person Facebook use rose to one standard deviation above the national average, attacks on refugees increased by about 50 percent."
Felix Salmon, who I should add is a staunch liberal, if ornery at times, had this to say: "The idea here is that by looking at how many people are active on the Nutella Facebook page, you can get a good indication of how active the broader population is on social media." Regarding whether the authors of the cited white paper support the Times' claim of refugee attacks increasing 50 percent, "The Times' breathtaking claim, then, is not on the authors—it's on the New York Times, which should have been much more careful and circumspect in this case. When the Times uses words like "landmark" and "breathtaking," it starts making claims that would be very difficult for any white paper to stand up to." Along the same lines, see a skeptical Tyler Cowen. And here is a good bit from Ben Thompson "a filter bubble is not a choice, an unfortunate wrong turn on an intellectual journey towards the truth. It is, in fact, a place of comfort, and the issue at hand is not the social networks' drive for engagement, but our own desire for an escape from day-to-day life."
Rather predictably I noticed very little overlap between people who posted the original NY Times story versus people posting the counter narrative. The irony here is the New York Times is doing exactly what it blames Facebook of doing. Spreading misleading viral stories with words like "breathtaking" and "landmark" to get clicks. Thompson's line about filter bubbles sadly applies to us all. This doesn't mean Facebook is doing a good job of keeping fake news off it's site. Far from it. But it does mean the problem is far more subtle and difficult than just saying Facebook is really really really bad.
There's a tech angle here worth noting as well. While it's sexy to blame Trump on the new tech of social media, the data shows old people tuning into the old tech of radio and old tech of cable TV had a far bigger impact on the most recent presidential election. Of course social media does aggravate existing filter bubbles. That's a real problem. But scapegoating Facebook isn't the solution.
2. Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan. Paper itself. Nature News article, with subtitle Genetic analysis uncovers a direct descendant of two different groups of early humans. Quote: "A female who died around 90,000 years ago was half Neanderthal and half Denisovan, according to genome analysis of a bone discovered in a Siberian cave. This is the first time scientists have identified an ancient individual whose parents belonged to distinct human groups." This is very cool. The immediate question here is if those groups interbred, how did they remain distinct for ~300k years? It's impossible to know. But we'll find out with more ancient DNA. In the meantime, some possibilities: a) rare event, b) hybrids are less fit, c) population structure. Under c is the possibility that hybrids occurred regularly at the edges of hominin ranges, but these edge lands were population sinks. So gene flow never made it back into the core population. For now I'm guessing c.
3. Two articles by Tyler Cowen. Cowen argues the cohesiveness of the international liberal order was born out the blood shed during the second World War, and held together by a common enemy during the Cold War. Once the USSR collapsed, and the memory of WW2 faded, we went back to bickering amongst ourselves. Cowen: "This is not exactly reassuring. But if you look at the partisan, controversy-laden, personality-intense, and often stupid American politics of much of the 19th century, it seems plausible. Without the presence of strong external enemies, cooperation breaks down." In a related post, Cowen argues Trump's Politics Will Outlast Him because "The space for possible policy outcomes has opened up. This will have important implications for the future of our republic." Ending "In the meantime, my advice: Buckle your seatbelts." FWIW, I agree with both posts. There is a comforting illusion than once Trump is out of office, things will return to normal. But we are already in the new normal, and our new normal will continue with or without Trump.
4. Kindle infinite scroll reading is great. I just discovered that earlier this year Kindle introduced an infinite scrolling mode for book reading. So you scroll down instead flipping pages. To tun this on "tap the middle of your screen, and then tap Aa. From here, you can toggle Continuous Scrolling on/off." Here's my analogy. There's a certain level of disorientation every time you click a link on a web page, because you relocate to a new place, and have to reorient yourself. That's why social media scrolls smoothly down forever. Similarly, flipping a page in Kindle causes an unconscious momentary frisson while you relocate to the new book page. Infinite scroll book reading, on the other hand, is smoooooth and easy. The way nature intended books to be read. Recommended!
5. Save you a click. There's a meme saying all books should be blog posts, and all blog posts should be tweets. Along those lines, here's a set of posts for which I think the main idea is interesting, but the idea fits into a sentence. But click through if you want details:
Contrary to old (famous) study using N=22, new study using N=3362 shows winning lottery money does make people happier.
Bee Colony Collapse Disorder is (economically) overrated because beekeepers just split their hives more often.
Unfortunately, assassination by drone has become very very economical.
U.S using facial recognition tech for just three days, caught first imposter.
Fox new polls says John McCain favorability ratings are Democrats 60% favorable/29% unfavorable. Republicans 41% favorable/48% unfavorable. A stat that unfortunately captures the current state of the Republican party.
The 1965 short story by R. A. Lafferty Slow Tuesday Night holds up well. Hyper change on a daily basis.
"desegregation of our cities' public schools is all but impossible. If you did a perfect job of desegregation in Los Angeles, each school would have 9 percent white kids." Urban school systems have run out of white kids.
6. Angry Angry Hippo. When humans spread out across the planet, they killed off nearly all the megafauna. But not in Africa. Why? Because African megafauna had more time to co-evolve to be nasty to humans. Hence the "hippopotamus is the world's deadliest large land mammal, killing an estimated 500 people per year in Africa." Don't believe me? Watch this clip.
And that's all for this week. Take care.
Saturday Links 18-Aug-2018: Turchin's model for social crisis, feudal California taxes, PGS for disease, Elephant genes
Sunday links 3-Sep-2018: the Cavalli-Sforza era, text editing methods, some excellent charts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


and updates from the OWRB.
The OWRB has completed a 20-year update study of the aquifer. Goals of the aquifer study included 1) updating aquifer maps such as saturated thickness, aquifer thickness, and potentiometric surface; 2) compile groundwater use from the aquifer; and 3) incorporating Oklahoma Comprehensive Water Plan projections for management purposes.
The Rush Springs aquifer, located primarily in western Oklahoma, is comprised of the Permian-age Rush Springs and Marlow Formations. The Rush Springs Formation is a massive fine-grained poorly cemented sandstone with some interbedded dolomite, gypsum, and shale. The Marlow Formation is composed of interbedded sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, gypsum-anhydrite, and dolomite.
Aquifer thickness ranges from less than 200 feet in the south to about 330 feet in northern areas and is generally less than 250 feet thick through the central part of the aquifer. Water from the Rush Springs aquifer tends to be very hard yet suitable for most uses. Levels of dissolved solids are generally less than 500 mg/L. Nitrate, sulfate, and arsenic concentrations exceed drinking water standards in some areas, limiting its use for drinking water.
The aquifer is used primarily for irrigation, but it also supplies water for industrial, municipal, and domestic use. Most groundwater withdrawn from the Rush Springs aquifer is in Caddo County. Wells commonly yield 25 to 400 gpm while some irrigation wells are reported to exceed 1,000 gpm.
The Cimarron Alluvial and Terrace aquifer located in north-central and north-western Oklahoma is composed of loose sediments, mostly made of gravel, medium to fine sands, and some mud. Underlying the newer geological formations are several older formations including the Flowerpot Shale and Hennessy. The underlying formations do not act as an impermeable unit; however, their aquifer properties are significantly lower and they are not considered part of the Cimarron alluvium and terrace. Aquifer thickness ranges from near zero feet at its boundary to over 100 feet in the central areas with an average of approximately 30 feet.
The aquifer is primarily used for irrigation and public water supply purposes, with some oil and gas and domestic water use. Wells commonly yield 50 to 200 gallons per minute (gpm), with some wells reportedly reaching up to 2000 gpm. The higher yield wells tend to be located in the thicker parts of the aquifer.
Water quality has been described as adequate for most purposes, but can be hard and variable over short distances; especially if well penetrate the Permian units under the aquifer. Wells that do have less than adequate water can have high concentrations of calcium sulfate or sodium chloride.
The Gerty Sand aquifer, located in southeast Oklahoma, is comprised of an unconsolidated Quaternary-age sedimentary deposit unconformably overlying Pennsylvanian and Permian-age formations. The Gerty Sand is primarily fine-grained sand with interbedded silt and clay and a base composed of medium to coarse-grained sand containing larger grains of quartzite, chert, limestone, and granite. The underlying upper Pennsylvanian Ada and Vanoss Formations and the lower Permian Stillwater, Stratford, and Wellington Formations are primarily shale and mudstone with well-indurated arkosic sandstones and limestone conglomerates. These formations largely inhibit the downward flow of groundwater, though limited quantities have been produced locally. The average thickness of the terrace deposit is slightly less than 50 feet and ranges from 10 to 100 feet with the greatest thickness near the central portion of the study area.
Total reported use has declined since the 1960s from a high of more than 2,500 acre-feet in 1969 to little more than 500 acre-feet in 2015. The aquifer's primary use was irrigation through the 1990s, which subsequently declined as public water supply use grew. In the past few years reported use between the two has been near equal.
Well yield ranges from 5 to 850 gallons per minute. The highest-yielding wells are those completed for irrigation and public water supply. These wells are centrally located where the deposits and saturated thicknesses are greatest. The water is chemically similar across the study area and of good quality, hard, and moderately alkaline due to calcium and sodium-bicarbonate. Total dissolved solids were less than 400 milligrams per liter. Nitrate and Phosphorus were 2.81 and 0.15 milligrams per liter, respectively, and the only metals detected were Barium, Zinc, and Copper with concentrations well below the EPA standard. Other metals, including Arsenic, were not detected.
The North Fork of the Red River is an alluvial terrace aquifer consisting of layers of sand, silt, clay and gravel with an average thickness of 40 feet and a maximum thickness of 150 feet overlying Permian age formations (Kent, 1980). The aquifer extends over an area of approximately 575 square miles in Beckham, Greer, Kiowa, and Jackson Counties. It is mainly used for public water supply, irrigation, and domestic supply (Paukstaitis, 1981).
Natural recharge to the aquifer occurs primarily as infiltration of precipitation. The sandy soil of the eolian and alluvial deposits has a high infiltration capacity. Burton (1965) estimated a recharge rate between 3.3 and 14 inches per year for the alluvium and terrace deposits in Beckham County, based on comparisons with areas of similar geology and precipitation. Discharge from the aquifer consists of transpiration by plants (where the water table is shallow), withdrawals by wells, and natural discharge to streams. Burton (1965) found that the movement of groundwater in Beckham County is generally northward and eastward toward the river. The North Fork of the Red River is, for the most part, a gaining stream within the study area, meaning that groundwater from the terrace deposits supplies water as base flow to the river most of the year (Paukstaitis, 1981). However, during the summer months, there are often dry sections of the river.
The Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB) is working with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a 20-year update investigating the North Fork of the Red River and developing a new groundwater model.
The Boone-Roubidoux aquifer is a freshwater resource spanning eastern Oklahoma. It is a major component of a larger hydrologic system called the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system. The Boone-Roubidoux aquifer is a carbonate aquifer composed of multiple water-bearing units with the Boone and Roubidoux being the predominant formations utilized for fresh groundwater resources. The Mississippian-age Boone Formation crops out in eastern and northeastern Oklahoma and is composed of limestone and cherty limestone, with thicknesses in Oklahoma ranging geographically from 250 feet in Adair County to 400 feet in Ottawa County. The Ordovician-age Roubidoux Formation consists of dolomite, cherty dolomite, and sandstones, which crops out extensively in central and southeastern Missouri with thicknesses in Oklahoma ranging from 100 to 200 feet. The two units are separated by the Chattanooga Shale, also known as the Ozark confining unit, which serves as a barrier for hydraulic flow in some areas but can be absent in others .
The Boone-Roubidoux aquifer supplies domestic, industrial, irrigation, and municipal wells, with large-volume wells primarily completed in the Roubidoux Formation yielding on average 200 gallons per minute (gpm), and reaching up to 1,000 gpm in Ottawa County. Boone Formation wells in Delaware County averaged 3.5 gpm with a maximum of 50 gpm, while in Ottawa County Boone Formation wells have reached yields as high as 1,000 gpm.
Water quality analyses reveal a wide range in water types produced from the Boone and Roubidoux Formations due to changes in lithology and mineral content. In water produced from the Roubidoux–Boone aquifer dissolved solids concentration generally ranges from 200 to 300 milligrams per liter. Dissolved solids concentrations tend to rise in areas where the Boone and Roubidoux Formations are confined, especially near the western extent of the freshwater portions of the aquifer in counties like Craig and Mayes, and shifting to brine west of Vinita and Pryor, Oklahoma. In these areas groundwater type shifts from calcium bicarbonate to sodium chloride and water from deep wells tends to contain hydrogen sulfide.
The Ogallala-Roger Mills aquifer covers approximately 400 square miles in west-central Oklahoma and is part of the High Plains aquifer which underlies portions of 8 states in the central United States. It is primarily located in western Roger Mills County with a small area located in northwestern Beckham County. The aquifer consists of semi-consolidated sediments of the late Tertiary-age Ogallala Formation and unconformably overlies Permian-age Elk City Sandstone, Doxey Shale, and Cloud Chief Formation. It is composed of poorly to moderately cemented layers of tan to white sand, gravel, clay, and silt. The thickness of the aquifer decreases from west to east across the study area. The maximum thickness is about 335 feet but generally ranges from 0-250 feet. Recharge to the aquifer is primarily due to infiltration of precipitation. Other sources of recharge include streams, subsurface inflow, and return irrigation flow.
The Ogallala-Roger Mills aquifer provides water for primarily irrigation, livestock, industrial, municipal and domestic purposes with well yields averaging 50 gallons per minute. Public water supply systems that rely on the aquifer include the Red Star Rural Water District and the Town of Reydon. Total dissolved solids concentrations range from about 250 to 1100 mg/L. The chemical composition of the groundwater in the Ogallala ranges from calcium bicarbonate to sodium bicarbonate and is generally considered good for drinking water.
The Salt Fork Red River alluvial aquifer is a 291-square mile system of unconsolidated alluvial and terrace deposits in southwestern Oklahoma. Groundwater from that alluvial aquifer and surface water in the river and tributaries of the river are used for irrigation, municipal, industrial, livestock, and self-supplied domestic and industrial water supplies. Groundwater discharge from the Salt Fork Red River alluvial aquifer sustains streamflow in the river during most of the year, and is relied upon to provide water for municipalities and irrigation in southwestern Oklahoma.
The 1973 Oklahoma Water Law requires the Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB) to conduct hydrogeologic investigations of the State's aquifers (termed "groundwater basins"), to determine the Maximum Annual Yield (MAY) of fresh water that is permitted to be withdrawn from each groundwater basin, and the amount of water that may be withdrawn from each acre of land overlying a basin. A hydrogeologic study has not been made of the Salt Fork Red River alluvial aquifer, and the MAY has not been determined. Until the determination is made, water users are issued a temporary permit for 2 acre-feet/year per acre.
Reach 1 of the Washita Alluvium and Terrace aquifer extends from the western Oklahoma-Texas border to Clinton, Oklahoma and is comprised of Quaternary-age alluvium deposited by the Washita River. The alluvium is comprised of fine to medium grained sand with some gravel and interbedded clays derived predominantly from the Ogallala Formation as indicated by the presence of quartzitic material. The composition of the aquifer varies vertically and horizontally as a result of the lenticular nature of these alluvial deposits. The Quaternary age sediments from the Washita River overlie the Tertiary-age Ogallala Formation on the western end of Roger Mills County. The Washita River alluvium overlies the Cloud Chief Formation through most of its length. The Ogallala Formation consists of calcium carbonate cemented sand with gravel, silt, and clay. The Cloud Chief Formation is composed of interbedded sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, gypsum-anhydrite, and dolomite. The lithology of the Cloud Chief Formation limits yields to only a few gallons a day and acts as a confining unit that inhibits the downward movement of groundwater. The 93-mile stretch of Quaternary alluvium and terrace averages one mile wide with 90 to 200 or more feet of saturated thickness.
The predominant use of groundwater from this aquifer is agriculture. Nearly half the land in the study area is used for crops such as wheat, cotton, and sorghum, while the other half serves as pasture. Wells in this aquifer typically yield between 200 to 1400 gallons per minute, with an average of 600 gallons per minute. The variation of well yields can be attributed to sharp changes in permeability and saturated thickness due to the varying composition of the alluvium.
Water from the Washita Alluvium and Terrace aquifer Reach 1 is relatively high in dissolved solids, averaging around 3,000 parts per million, with the main constituents being bicarbonate hardness and sulfate. The water quality is affected by the underlying Cloud Chief Formation, in which intermittent beds of gypsum and dolomite are present, contributing appreciable water to the alluvium.
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BH Xpress
Drive for BHX
On the Road with Alaa Farid: "I had to pick up a coffin!"
By: Aldin Hadzic
The new week has kicked off, and a new episode of On The Road Show is out now. Our guest for this week was Alaa Fareed. Alaa joined BHX in April last year. We used this opportunity to wish him a happy birthday and congratulate him on his first anniversary with BHX.
Alaa shared with us how it all started. "I was happy with my life in Egypt, but I decided to pursue a better and stable future for my family and kids. We decided to move to USA."
Alaa was born and raised in Southern Cairo, the capital of the Egyptian state. We asked him how did his adaptation go once he moved to the United States. "My language was very weak and limited to two words – yes and thank you. I had no friends, I only had an address for the Egyptian embassy. It was difficult", he says, "but with strong faith and hard work, we can overcome any obstacle."
The first half of April marks the first anniversary for Alaa with BHX. We asked him how did he discover BHX and to reflect on his first year with us. "I explored many companies and options in the United States before applying. I came across BHX's YouTube channel and watched Aldin`s videos. I found the content very interesting and helpful and that has made me inclined to join this company."
Alaa then shared his first-year impressions with us, saying his first year has been very good and he emphasized the importance of all of us continuing to grow. "Wherever I go on duty, I want to proudly introduce myself as BHX driver. All of us have to think this way. We all sail this ship together. We are all owners of our company in certain way."
Alaa`s first year with us was very interesting and adventurous. We asked him to share with us his most memorable experience on loads he has done with us so far. "There was one funny situation. I had to pick up a coffin containing a dead body and I had to deliver it to a military facility. I met the receiver, he had weird clothes on. We carried the coffin inside and then I was stunned with what I saw inside."
We asked Alaa to share his message for the entire BHX team and our viewers out there. "I have never seen such an amazing and respectful team as BHX. I am not saying this because we are on a show, but because that is how it is. If it was not, I would move on and be elsewhere. The owner is amazing, cares about drivers and asks about our everyday developments. The team is pure 24K gold, Barcelona team. Do not forget, we're all the owners of this story."
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text:
Q: How to optimize binary file manipulation? here is my code:
def decode(filename):

    with open(filename, "rb") as binary_file:
        # Read the whole file at once
        data = bytearray( binary_file.read())

    for i in range(len(data)):
        data[i] = 0xff - data[i]

    with open("out.log", "wb") as out:
        out.write(data)

I have a file around 10MB, and I need to translate this file by flipping every bits, and save it to a new file.
It takes around 1 second using my code to translate a 10MB file, while it only takes less than 1ms using C.
This is my first python script. I don't if it is right to use bytearray. The most time consuming code is loop for bytearray.

A: If using using the numpy library is an option, then using it would be much★ faster since it can perform the operation on all the bytes via a single statement. Doing byte-level operations in pure Python to relatively large amoont of data is inherently going to be relatively slow as compared to using a module like numpy which is implemented in C and optimized for array processing.
★ Although not by quite as much in Python 2 as in 3 (see results below).
The following is a framework I set up to benchmark using it vs the code in your question. It may seem like a lot of code, but most of it is just part of the scaffolding for making performance comparisons.
I encourage others answering this question to also make use of it.
from __future__ import print_function
from collections import namedtuple
import os
import sys
from random import randrange
from textwrap import dedent
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
import timeit
import traceback

N = 1  # Number of executions of each "algorithm".
R = 3  # Number of repetitions of those N executions.

UNITS = 1024 * 1024  # MBs
FILE_SIZE = 10 * UNITS

# Create test files. Must be done here at module-level to allow file
# deletions at end.
with NamedTemporaryFile(mode='wb', delete=False) as inp_file:
    FILE_NAME_IN = inp_file.name
    print('Creating temp input file: "{}", length {:,d}'.format(FILE_NAME_IN, FILE_SIZE))
    inp_file.write(bytearray(randrange(256) for _ in range(FILE_SIZE)))

with NamedTemporaryFile(mode='wb', delete=False) as out_file:
    FILE_NAME_OUT = out_file.name
    print('Creating temp output file: "{}"'.format(FILE_NAME_OUT))

# Common setup for all testcases (executed prior to any Testcase specific setup).
COMMON_SETUP = dedent("""
    from __main__ import FILE_NAME_IN, FILE_NAME_OUT
""")

class Testcase(namedtuple('CodeFragments', ['setup', 'test'])):
    """ A test case is composed of separate setup and test code fragments. """
    def __new__(cls, setup, test):
        """ Dedent code fragment in each string argument. """
        return tuple.__new__(cls, (dedent(setup), dedent(test)))

testcases = {
    "user3181169": Testcase("""
        def decode(filename, out_filename):
            with open(filename, "rb") as binary_file:
                # Read the whole file at once
                data = bytearray(binary_file.read())

            for i in range(len(data)):
                data[i] = 0xff - data[i]

            with open(out_filename, "wb") as out:
                out.write(data)

        """, """
        decode(FILE_NAME_IN, FILE_NAME_OUT)
        """
    ),

    "using numpy": Testcase("""
        import numpy as np

        def decode(filename, out_filename):
            with open(filename, 'rb') as file:
                data = np.frombuffer(file.read(), dtype=np.uint8)

            # Applies mathematical operation to entire array.
            data = 0xff - data

            with open(out_filename, "wb") as out:
                out.write(data)
        """, """
        decode(FILE_NAME_IN, FILE_NAME_OUT)
        """,
    ),
}

# Collect timing results of executing each testcase multiple times.
try:
    results = [
        (label,
         min(timeit.repeat(testcases[label].test,
                           setup=COMMON_SETUP + testcases[label].setup,
                           repeat=R, number=N)),
        ) for label in testcases
    ]
except Exception:
    traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)  # direct output to stdout
    sys.exit(1)

# Display results.
major, minor, micro = sys.version_info[:3]
bitness = 64 if sys.maxsize > 2**32 else 32
print('Fastest to slowest execution speeds using ({}-bit) Python {}.{}.{}\n'
      '({:,d} execution(s), best of {:d} repetition(s)'.format(
            bitness, major, minor, micro, N, R))
print()

longest = max(len(result[0]) for result in results)  # length of longest label
ranked = sorted(results, key=lambda t: t[1]) # ascending sort by execution time
fastest = ranked[0][1]
for result in ranked:
    print('{:>{width}} : {:9.6f} secs, relative speed: {:6,.2f}x, ({:8,.2f}% slower)'
          ''.format(
                result[0], result[1], round(result[1]/fastest, 2),
                round((result[1]/fastest - 1) * 100, 2),
                width=longest))

# Clean-up.
for filename in (FILE_NAME_IN, FILE_NAME_OUT):
    try:
        os.remove(filename)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass

Output (Python 3):
Creating temp input file: "T:\temp\tmpw94xdd5i", length 10,485,760
Creating temp output file: "T:\temp\tmpraw4j4qd"
Fastest to slowest execution speeds using (32-bit) Python 3.7.1
(1 execution(s), best of 3 repetition(s)

using numpy :  0.017744 secs, relative speed:   1.00x, (    0.00% slower)
user3181169 :  1.099956 secs, relative speed:  61.99x, (6,099.14% slower)

Output (Python 2):
Creating temp input file: "t:\temp\tmprk0njd", length 10,485,760
Creating temp output file: "t:\temp\tmpvcaj6n"
Fastest to slowest execution speeds using (32-bit) Python 2.7.15
(1 execution(s), best of 3 repetition(s)

using numpy :  0.017930 secs, relative speed:   1.00x, (    0.00% slower)
user3181169 :  0.937218 secs, relative speed:  52.27x, (5,126.97% slower)


text:
Rangers: Sloppy Performance, lose 2-0 in Game 2
Eastern Conference Metropolitan Division New York Rangers NHL
Adam Fox
Chris Kreider
Photo by Bruce Bennett/Getty Images
The New York Rangers had arguably their worst performance of the Stanley Cup Playoffs last night in their 2-0 loss to the Carolina Hurricanes. The series now slides to 2-0 in favor of Carolina, who won both games with only four combined goals. The only positive here for the Blueshirts is that the series shifts back to Madison Square Garden, where this team will have help from the home crowd to hopefully give them a spark.
Let's take a look at what happened in game 2.
This was just a sloppy effort from the Rangers. There seemed to be a big disconnect between nearly every member of the forward and defensive groups. Neutral zone turnovers, consistent dump-and-chase with no one there to retrieve, and they ultimately looked like they were dead tired in the second and third periods.
It was a hard-fought defensive battle, and both Igor Shestrekin and Antii Raanta were lights out in the net. But, the momentum was in Carolina's favor much more than the Rangers. The first period was much more even, with both teams coming out firing. Ryan Strome had a beautiful chance in deep on Raanta, but that missed the net. And then, a little later in the period, Strome would have another opportunity after a slick pass from Andrew Copp. Still, Hurricanes d-man Tony DeAngelo unknowingly blocked it with his calf.
The Rangers had ample opportunity to score on special teams, with a couple of 4-on-4 chances and even a bit of time on a 4-on-3 advantage. They couldn't get it past Raanra. And then the worst happened. With a four-minute powerplay opportunity in the second, courtesy of a high sticking from Brady Skjei, the Rangers surrendered a short-handed goal to Brendan Smith, which was complemented with a boarding and a slashing call from both Kevin Rooney and Chris Kreider—giving a momentum swing to Carolina for the last 5 minutes of the middle period.
The third period came and went, and the Rangers had one more flurry of offense in the final minutes with Shesterkin pulled. A few minor chances came and went, and ultimately it was Sebastian Aho putting it in the empty net with two seconds on the clock.
No Spark
The top-six were the focus of this game. With the spotlight on them, they failed. Artemi Panarin, Mika Zibanejad, and Kreider, specifically, each failed to try to get any kind of spark going for their team. They are the leaders of this team, and they were quiet on the ice.
Another notable no-show was Adam Fox, who seems to be battling an injury, and it was evident last night. He was beaten on easy puck battles, and his balance was off. Not to mention, for someone who had 63 assists in the regular season and seven more in these playoffs, he could not go tape-to-tape with anyone last night.
The "Kid Line" once again facilitated the only slight spark. There has been a lot of talk on the Rangers Twitterverse about whether it is time to split up the line containing Filip Chytil, Alexis Lafreniere, and Kaapo Kakko and dispense them in the top-6. I don't think it is necessary, but giving promotion to Panarin to the first line and bumping down Vatrano to the second line with Copp and Strome is an option. And then, take that new second line and move them down to the third line and give the "Kid Line" a couple more minutes of playing time.
At this point, a slight change needs to be made, as this group has only registered one goal on Raanta in 120 minutes of play. There is no spark in their play, which was very evident last night. Their mantra of "No Quit" was more like "All Quit."
Going Back Home
The Rangers now have an opportunity to steal two games back and tie the series up at home. In these playoffs, Carolina is 6-0 at home and 0-3 on the road. The Rangers have to take these two games. This will be the toughest test of these playoffs for this young group, and it will take a complete team effort.
Game 3 will be on Sunday, with a 3:30 PM EST puck drop.
Contenders or Pretenders – New York Paingers: A New York Rangers Podcast
In this weeks episode we discuss the Rangers contender status, offensive problems, Gallants questionable decisions and more.Thanks for listening! Please rate and review our show on your favorite listening platform. Check out our partner's website at www.insidetherink.com for all your latest hockey news.
Contenders or Pretenders 01:14:12
Guest Josh Khalfin 48:39
All Star Smash Mouth 56:30
Our Line Starts? 01:24:51
Recap, Cap Space and Big Picture 56:08
Justin Bonhard


Churches have played key roles in American history. The British colonies of pre-America were populated by pilgrims who sought religious freedoms in the New World. Within 200 years of the first colonies, biblically-inspired human rights arguments against the British Monarchy were being made by America's Founding Fathers. They felt kinship with the ancient Jews, who had escaped Egyptian slavery by fleeing to the Promised Land. The New World had become the new Promised Land for Christian pilgrims. They instinctively sensed that God was on their side. Their powerful convictions eventually led to a split within the world's mightiest empire. Wars resulted, and these were the birth pangs of a new nation.
Americans tend to take great pride in their religious and political history, as they should. However, the Bible has unfortunately been twisted by some Americans for self-serving purposes, and the book of Romans is the most twistable book of the Bible. The book of Romans should have been left with the Dead Sea Scrolls and the bogus gospels. Romans is where Paul shamelessly prostituted to the state's power, like he did in earlier times, when he was known as Saul. In Romans, Paul openly encouraged people to sell-out to the will of the state for their own self-benefit and self-preservation. What Paul wrote in the book of Romans was in opposition to everything that had been taught by the Christ, and we feel certain that he had to eventually answer for it. The anti-Christian themes in Romans should be of no surprise to anyone who is educated about Paul's dark history of murdering Christians.
Paul's writings were used to justify slavery in the United States, and they are currently being used to justify everything from the disarmament of the American people to America's ungodly aggressions in the Middle East. American churches are obediently falling in-line with the will of the state, but not for biblical reasons, but because they are legally required to. This sad state of religious and political corruption will be explained later.
Most modern Christians carry an arrogance unseen in previous generations. Many are confident that a place in Heaven awaits them, simply because they self-proclaim (speaking for Christ) that they are "saved". Putting words into God's mouth, and judging for the Christ is probably not the most effective way of getting in; but such is normal in the modern church. This modern version of "Christianity" actually drives newcomers away from the faith, because its representatives live so hypocritically.
The church was prophesied to eventually become "The Whore of Babylon" in the book of The Revelation. Such a prediction helps to explain the current state of the church today.
[Revelation 17:3-6] "So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: And upon her forehead was a name written, 'MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH'. And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration."
It is predicted thusly that the greatest enemy of the returning Christ will not be the unbelievers, or the false religions, but the Christian church itself. He was killed by his own people during his first mission, and we should expect exactly the same vitriol again. This has been foretold, in fact.
Modern churches have come to elate chapter 13 of Romans, as if it were written by God himself. For those who are unaware, Paul instructed people to obey their masters and authorities, because authorities are (according to Paul/Saul) always appointed by God. If this were true, then it would mean that all of the NAZI's were following the will of God, since they followed orders from their appointed leaders. What Paul preached flies in the face of God's principle of free will.
It is important to note that biblical prophesy predicts that the anti-Christ shall rise to a position of worldly power and authority, yet we are obviously not mandated by God to obey the anti-Christ. The Bible repeatedly provides examples wherein people had to disobey the state in order to serve God. In fact, the Christ spelled-out that none of us can serve both God and the state. We must choose which we will obey when the two are in opposition. The Christ was eventually murdered by Roman authorities because he defied the Jewish authorities.
The churches were once a gathering place for peace keepers and peace makers. Churches were once treated as holy grounds where violence was neither tolerated nor condoned, except for when violence was absolutely the lesser of evils. There was even a time when criminals and other scoundrels would flee into churches, because law officers would not pursue them inside. Now churches are not considered holy grounds anymore. They are businesses and corporate entities.
We have been taught to believe that churches are altruistic, volunteer organizations, with no connections to the state, and indeed, they once were. This is not the case anymore. Most Americans believe that since the foundation of their nation, there has been a policy of not taxing churches. This was implemented by the U.S. Government in its early days as part of a policy of total non-interference with religion. They implemented this policy, in part, to guarantee a complete freedom of religion for all Americans. America has had a policy of not placing any taxes upon churches, or church related activities, until recently.
Being an American church is no longer enough to obtain a tax-free status. Changing the taxation rules was justified by the reasoning that some individuals and corporations will always "cheat" the government of tax money. Governmental money and power eventually came to trump religious freedoms. American churches must now register with the state. Nowadays, they must get the state's permission to exist, whether it be through zoning filings, registering for their right to "incorporate" like a business, or just to get the tax-free status. The story gets even worse when we examine the changes in tax policies, and what revenuers now require from churches. To be free of taxation, churches must register with the I.R.S. as a "501c3 non-profit organization". This is something that has huge implications for churches. The government has orchestrated the rules for becoming a 501c3 charity to take control of the churches.
To maintain its 501c3 (tax free) status, a church cannot be politically active in any way, or it is suddenly reclassified as a "political action organization", instead of a church. This means that as soon as a church gets its 501c3 status, it becomes illegal for it to question anything that the government does. Churches no longer speak about the evils committed by our own government, or negatively about its wars. Ever wonder why the churches got so quiet after the Civil Rights Movement? Now you know how the churches were hijacked. The 501c3 taxation scheme was check-and-mate for the Military Industrial Complex. It is no wonder that modern churches cling so tightly upon the book of Romans, for virtually every organized church in the United States is essentially a division of the U.S. Federal Government. Once they sell themselves out to the government and sign themselves over for a 501c3 status, the I.R.S. will eat them alive if they ever get out of line. Almost every American church has this hanging over them; like an executioner's axe. So the churches are obedient to their master, as they tell us to be. If you, like us, have spent years trying to uncover the reasons for the corruption and cowardice of the modern churches, then you too can put your research to rest.
If you happen to be a church-going Christian, then be aware that sooner or later you'll have to decide which master you will serve. Will you follow the path of money, power, and politics, or the real Trinity? Take heart knowing that the real Church does not contain four walls and a ceiling, and it never has.
While I agree there is merit in some of the claims in the article, it is crucial to view Paul's teachings regarding slavery in light of progressive revelation. God's opposition to slavery is clear in his liberation of the Jews from Egypt and Babylonian exile. In Exodus, you could essentially beat your slave to the point of the death, by Corinthians we are talking about greeting slaves with a 'holy kiss' as well as treating slaves as brothers in Philemon.
The same progression can be seen in relation to women, lepers, eunuchs and so on. If God is unchanging (Mal. 3:6) and so is Jesus (Heb. 13:8), I can only see it as us humans who fall short!
I became a born-again Christian nearly 10 years ago. Since September of 2002, I read my Bible every day, usually in the morning. I also have a devotional and I journal.
For quite a few years now, I have been uncomfortable with some of Paul's statements. Especially the ones that start with, "I feel, or I think" To me, he was imposing his opinion and not God's truth. So to find this article has been so relieving! I stopped going to Church because I began to disagree with the commercialism of christmas and easter, and the lie that so many Christians follow with both of these.
I struggled alone with my thoughts and feelings. With Paul and some of his words.
I thank you for helping me see that I am not crazy or non-Christian for them.
I just found you today, and I am starting to think this is Divine intervention, because I have been able to sigh in relief that I am not alone anymore!
My, My, My. What in the world is going on? I know we live in troubled times and I know it might be hard to find a true Bible believing Church. But it is not impossible, I belong to a great Church where we are taught the love of Christ and where the pastor demonstrates big time his passionate love for Jesus. I have grown so much in the last three years - released from psychiatric drug additction after many long years and God brought me to this website to learn the truth behind Big Pharma which helped me get free. Maybe the Church can't talk about things pertaining to the government but we have you and the internet and other sources to find information as the Holy Spirit faithfully leads those who search for truth. Thankfully, I have also found a wonderful Messianic Jewish congregation because I questioned why the 4th commandment is no longer regarded relevant. The Holy Spirit will lead us to find answers if we are faithful and committed. For so long I sought His hand (as most people do) thankfully, I have finally learned to seek His Face. Total surrender is needed for God to begin to do for a person what they could never do for themselves. Remember - do not forsake the assembly of yourselves together. It is important to learn and grow in grace and knowledge of God with other believers who know more than you and whose example you can learn from. Anyway, that's my 2 cents for whatever it may or may not be worth. Thanks.
501(c)(3) are automatically considered tax exempt and are not required to apply for and obtain recognition of tax-exempt status from the IRS .
churches seek recognition of tax-exempt status"... Here's a link to the IRS book. Look at the bottom of page three on the left side.
If you are looking for a NON 501(c)(3) Church please visit us @ libertyfellowshipmt on Sundays live stream 2:30 MST with Pastor Chuck Baldwin. We also have over 900+ Church's throughout the country that also are preaching truth. You can find these @ chuckbaldwinlive.
The Church is alive and well, but won't be found in found many buisnesses that calls themselfs a church.
A true and horrible misconception and purposely taught, that the Sabbath is on Sunday, is 100% incorrect. The 7th day of the week is Saturday and that is the true Sabbath day. Which is more proof of what this article says, that the church is more of a threat than anything is absolutely true. If you are going to any Church on Sunday, you are sinning against God. The authors are also correct, church can be in your home, outside in nature, with only you, or someone of your same beliefs. But honor the Sabbath, it is from sundown Friday to Sundown Saturday. We should study, pray and be in tune with God everyday.
This website has been truly Godsent for me, not only are they truly serving The one and only God, but I first came here for health reasons and then to see them list true facts about God has been like I said Godsent. I'm in terrible health and I will not go to any doctor but I will pray, not eat forbidden foods like Pork, and I will follow their advice to the T. They are 100% correct, doctors have no clue, they do not want to help, each one gives a different diagnosis/treatment. They make you even unhealthiier then you were before seeing them.
God is the answer to every problem, and he will answer.
Thank you for this valuable website & loads of true information about health.
After growing up in Christian church my whole life and thinking i knew about this stuff, then listening to him and studying the scriptures he references. I knew in my heart it was truth. This article is old now, so you may have already discovered him? But if not it is worth a view. You can also find him on youtube..


When you see a commercial real estate space (retail, warehouse, or office space) sit empty for months you would assume that the landlord would reduce the rent to get it leased out ASAP. If the space was located in a down market you might have a pretty good chance of getting a sweet deal. However if the space is located in a "HOT" market then you have a much less chance of that happening.
What are some reasons why a landlord will not reduce commercial real estate rents?
Owners don't want to have to hear from existing tenants who find out that their neighbor's rent is half the cost of theirs.


University of San Diego students, faculty and staff spent their summer doing a variety of things: Many studied abroad. Several did research. Adventures awaited most. Internships and jobs started, some far away and local for others. In all, everything was about the knowledge that was gained. As the fall semester returns to start the 2018-19 year, USD News Center compiled a sample of USD's Summer 2018 happenings.
Research by Ship: In June, five students and three professors embarked on a four-day research cruise aboard the R/V Sally Ride, America's newest research vessel off the Southern California Continental Shelf, said Sarah Gray, professor and chair of Environmental and Ocean Sciences. The trip was part of a three-year National Science Foundation grant "GEOPATHS" to inspire and train diverse undergraduate students and pre-service teachers to pursue careers in the geo-sciences. Students are also researching factors affecting near-shore marine sedimentation in the geographically unique, tectonically-active southern California continental and at least four USD classes will use data from this cruise next year as part of their curriculum.
Implementing a Senior Design Engineering Project in Uganda: A group of engineering students traveled to Uganda with Electrical Engineering Chair and Professor Mikaya Lumori to implement their senior design project, a low-cost walker that also serves as a pit latrine assistive device for landmine survivors and person with disabilities. Despite several obstacles, including finding the right supplies and having other equipment stolen from their van, the group was largely successful in creating two walkers at several vocational schools, making a plan for long-term success for the project and experiencing Ugandan culture. Said Team Leader Kathryn Forsythe: "I am grateful to be part of the project and I cannot wait to see the impact it will make in the future." Forsythe's teammates included Davis Giles, Melanie Kliegel, Taylor Bongiovanni, Mei-Li Hey and Craig Wade. Dr. Bryan Cornwall, although he did not go on the trip, was the team's senior design adviser.
SIBC Members Gain Experience in Crete and Cyprus: The USD Student International Business Council organized two opportunities for students to explore the Mediterranean islands of Crete and Cyprus while gaining hands-on work experience at two global organizations. In the spring semester, Mary Pat Abruzzo '20, Alex Cooley '20, Kirsten Kuang '21 and Addie Hardten '21, worked on a market analysis of the olive oil industry to help the Sisois Family Olive Grove turn their premium olive oil into a more profitable product. "This presentation was an amazing way to learn the steps and barriers of starting a new business," said Abruzzo. "It allowed us to gain real-world experience in seeing how a small business could expand into the U.S. market."
This summer, SIBC students Marie Lawson '19 and Julia Freund '20, interned in the digital marketing department at Famous Sports, the largest chain of sports retail in Cyprus, representing brands such as Reebok, Roxy, Quicksilver and Speedo. It gave them a chance to immerse in an international work environment and the Cypriot culture and to practice digital marketing in the corporate world and on a global scale. "We were introduced to the company's website database and were involved in preparing the website for the winter season products," Lawson said. She and Freund were "in charge of adding product descriptions, doing research on possible product imaging and diving into the backend of the website. Both SIBC experiences came courtesy of businessman and philanthropist Frank Potenziani endowing the SIBC chapter in the School of Business with a $1.1 million gift in 2002.
German Students Learn from USD Business Faculty: A group of 51 German students from a partner university were on campus in August for a short-term seminar on sales and marketing taught by USD's School of Business faculty. The group has come to campus routinely each summer, but this is the biggest group yet. At their last week of classes they joined other students for the Summer Institute on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Aug. 20-24.
MBA Students Learn Microfinance, Wealth Creation in Guatemala: Professor Stephen Conroy's summer MBA class offers students the chance to do a four-day study abroad experience in Antigua to learn firsthand about microfinance and wealth creation. The MBA class, offered every other summer since 2008, starts with three lectures and coursework on campus to learn about the theoretical applications and models of microfinance, both here and abroad. Students then go to Antigua for a remarkable experience, getting the opportunity to immerse themselves in local communities and gain a deeper understanding of how microfinance helps small businesses — and communities — in Guatemala.
Mulvaney Center's MICAH Fellows Immerse, Intern in Tijuana: When putting yourself outside the comfort zone, perhaps there is no other program better than the MICAH Fellowship through USD's Mulvaney Center. This year, the fellowship expanded south of the border into Tijuana where four fellows practiced community, spirituality, leadership, simplicity and social justice while interning at organizations that serve different populations in one of Mexico's biggest cities. Yesenia Villasenor and Daniel Araujo worked at Los Niños and with the Scouts of Tijuana, both of which are organizations that serve low-income communities, providing a safe and healthy environment for youth to connect and learn. Edgar Chavarria and Alejandra Pinto-Garcia were placed at Fundacion GAIA, an organization that recently opened a job recruitment agency for deported migrants. The fellows created relationships, joined community and live intentionally in what for a lot of people might seem like a chaotic city. They were able to see social justice with a global lens and find connections between the United States and Mexico that go beyond debates over a wall and realized the beauty of life at the border. This fourth year of the MICAH Fellowship program, a collaboration between USD and St. Mary's.
Outdoor Adventures: Typically one of the programs that's already focused ahead on the upcoming year is Outdoor Adventures. During the month of August, this outdoor recreation focused space on campus is getting acquainted with incoming students for the Honors Program, its own OA guides or other specific campus groups to run a fun and educational trip to a local spot or a Southern California destination. Later in August, OA hosts a collection of Pre-Orientation trips that take students to some of California's most beautiful spots to camp, connect with others, eat great food and surely to play some Spikeball.
Having an international experience is a graduation requirement for all School of Leadership and Education Sciences (SOLES) students. This summer, SOLES had eight global studies courses in places such as the Bahamas, Japan, South Africa, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Spain. The courses aren't just about studying abroad, but are courses designed and led by SOLES faculty.
The South Africa trip, run by Assistant Professor Rebekka Jez, enabled her students to participate in a Changemaker event. The class Jez taught enables students the opportunity to learn more about local and global perspectives on educating diverse learners. In South Africa, the course emphasized the cultural and linguistic diversity of Black South Africa and the challenges of educating this broad group of students including a strong emphasis on the history of South African R-12 schooling with specific attention to racial stratification and segregation. Students were required to do a Changemaker project in collaboration with South African educators from universities and schools in Johannesburg. Students attended and presented at the Division of International Special Education and Services (DISES) conference in Cape Town.
Another intriguing SOLES summer course was in Amsterdam. The course was built around an academic conference hosted by the International Society for Third-Sector Research.
Students presented papers and served on panels, including Bethany Gilbert and Ashley Nanar, co-presenters on professional development panel with SOLES faculty, Dr. Laura Deitrick and Dr. Hans Schmitz, on "Teaching with Cases and Applied Learning Models"; Lyn Corbet examined "The Legitimacy of Local Nonprofits: Exploring the Interdependent Relationship Between Local Government and Nonprofits in the United States"; Afnan Koshak presented on "Contextual Sensitivity and Strategy Alignment in Saudi Foundation"; and Elena McCollum put together a panel on accountability with PhD students from other institutions.
Other highlights included visiting the Anne Frank House and meeting its executive director to learn about running the nonprofit behind the museum; A visit to Kennisland, a consultant group working on educational issues and social enterprise, in the Netherlands; and a private viewing of Rembrandt's artwork at the Rijksmuseum.
The Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, as well as its colleagues in the Institute for Peace and Justice and the Trans-Border Institute, had a busy, eventful summer.
TBI Director and Professor of Practice Ev Meade shared his thoughts the institute's two certificate programs, the Trans-Border Opportunities Certificate and the Applied Peace Education Certificate. Meade's work to broaden and deepen awareness and knowledge of the U.S.-Mexico border comes through in many ways, including the availability of guest speakers with firsthand exposure to the region.
Karen Henken, a professor of practice for social innovation and entrepreneurship in the Master of Arts in Social Innovation program, went to Bogota, Colombia as part of the Kroc School's partnership with Uniminuto. She was featured in a video (Spanish language only) regarding an innovation boot camp that she did in Bogata. She also connected with USD alumni, including MA graduate John Patterson, who works for USAID. Hear more in this blog entry.
Additionally, 34 MAPJ students had summer internships, locally and around the world. A few students, Austin Galy, Hillary Maravilla and Sophie Thompson, blogged about their experiences.
Michael Devitt, Professor of Law and Director of Summer Law Programs Abroad, has been the director for several years now and he recently revamped the programs offered. A substantial number of USD law students now participate in both the Paris and London programs.
In Paris, Judges Margaret McKeown and Michael Hawkins have co-taught International Internet and Intellectual Property Law for the past three years. Students speak very highly of their experience in this class and one reason why might be a special and fun exercise — they do a scavenger hunt around Paris to look for trademark infringements.
In London, two new law courses were taught this summer. Professors David Brennan and Fred Heller brought in guest speakers, and visits to local law firms were a highlight for the students. Professor Heller, Partner Emeritus, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer and Feld, brought his students to Akin Gump where they had lunch and conversed with the partners.
And lastly, the USD men's basketball team once again took a summer trip, mixed together with a study abroad class offering, and visited Costa Rica. Here, new head coach Sam Scholl and the team played three exhibition games, going 3-0, learned a lot about the culture, had some enjoyable experiences and did meaningful community service by spending time with local youth there from a children's hospital and an orphanage.
Read the full story on the USD Athletics website, finding out how it was "Pure Vida."
— Compiled by Ryan T. Blystone, Lissette Martinez and Liz Harman.
Photos and videos courtesy of multiple on-campus sources.


Gardaí say approximately 35,000 people took to the streets today in opposition to the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill.
TENS OF THOUSANDS of protesters gathered this afternoon in Dublin city centre to demand a referendum on the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill.
Some 35,000 people took to the streets today, according to official Garda estimates. Meanwhile, pro-life campaigning group The Life Institute put that figure 60,000, saying that the march was the "biggest pro-life rally ever seen in Ireland".
Speaking to the Rally for Life crowd today, political activits and entreprenuer Declan Ganley called for the Bill to be put to the people in a referendum under Article 27 of the Constitution.
"Let those Senators and TDs use the power granted to them under article 27 of our constitution to let the people speak on this bill… Let us vote. Let us pass judgement on Enda Kenny's abortion bill in a referendum. He says his book is the constitution," Ganley said.
Pro Life and Pro Choice protestors on O'Connell Street, Dublin.
Protestors on O'Connell Street, Dublin.
Pro Choice protestors on O'Connell Street, Dublin.
Pro Life protestors gather gather on O'Connell Street, Dublin.
A Pro Life demonstrator holds Catholic Rosery beads as she joins protestors on O'Connell Street, Dublin.
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Know Your Natives – Eastern Prickly Pear
Posted on January 28, 2018	by ANPS Webmaster
Eastern prickly pear (Opuntia humifusa, formerly Opuntia compressa)* of the Cactus (Cactaceae) family is a mostly prostrate stem-succulent with large, bright yellow, spectacular flowers. Like most members of its family, the species is adapted to thrive in arid habitats. Interestingly, the cactus family (with the exception of a single species) is native only to the New World. Cactus-looking plants in African and Asian deserts typically belong to either the Spurge (Euphorbiaceae) or the Milkweed (Asclepiadaceae/ Apocynaceae) families.
The genus name, Opuntia, originated in the first century for a cactus-like plant found near Opus, Greece. The specific epithet "humifusa," from Latin for "spread out," refers to the plant's growth habit. Eastern prickly pear, the most widely spread cactus in the eastern U.S., occurs from New Mexico and Colorado east to Connecticut and south across all interior states to the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. In Arkansas, it occurs across the state except for the Mississippi Alluvial Plain and lower elevations of the West Gulf Coastal Plain. Other common names include devil's-tongue and common prickly pear.
Eastern prickly pear occurs as scattered individual plants or may form a mat-like colony over time. A succulent species, it is highly tolerant of drought and, unlike most cacti, cold temperatures. It grows well in a wide variety of habitats, varying from full-sun rocky hillside glades and sandy prairies to woodland openings with partial sun. Plants do well in xeric to dry-mesic soils that may range from acidic to alkaline. Plants in areas of encroaching tree cover often die out due to lack of sunlight.
Photo 1: This two-year plant has a round stem at its base and a broadened stem above. With maturity, fewer spines will be present.
Eastern prickly pear is composed mostly of water-storing stems with the lowermost portion being round in cross-section while the remainder of stem comprises thick, flattened, oval to obovate segments (pads or cladodes) that grow chain-like from the upper margin of one pad to the next. Stems to 3 feet long are prostrate, except for terminal pads that may stand up to 8 inches or so. The lowermost portion of the stem extends into soil as a stub from which a few long fibrous roots extend out at shallow depth for several feet. Size of pads is dependent on habitat, but pads may be 5 inches long, 3 inches wide and ½ inch thick. New pads, growing from the distal margins of previous year's pads, break-off easily and, when in ground contact, can root to form a new clonal plant. The lowest portions of mature plants become woody.
During the growing season, mature pads have a medium green to blue-green waxy, glabrous surface marked by regularly arranged areoles positioned diagonally across both sides of pads and also along upper pad margins. All areoles have tight tufts of short hair-like reddish bristles (glochids) with barbed tips. Areoles on upper sides of pads and along upper pad margin may bear one or two light-colored, stout, needle-like spines to 3 inches long (spines sometimes absent on pads or entire plants). Areoles along upper margins of pads also produce new pads or flowers (see below). Both glochids and spines are painful to human touch; however, the short glochids can be more painful due to their flesh-retaining tips. They are also much more difficult to remove. During drought and with approaching winter, pads lose water content and become thin and wrinkled, but quickly revive with improved conditions.
Photo 2: This plant, which may be four years old, does not have any spines. Note the diagonally arranged areoles with tufts of glochids. Photo in late August.
When new pads develop, side and marginal areoles bear single, short, narrowly conical (subulate) ¼ inch, more or less, vestigial leaves. These leaves quickly drop off, leaving all food-making function (photosynthesis) to the green stems.
In late May into June, solitary flowers grow from areoles along the distal curved margins of previous year's pads. Multiple flowers may grow from a pad. Early on, flower buds have light green triangular sepals that cover several overlapping series of tepals (sepals transitioning into petals). Flower buds are prominent with a short-conical shape (when seen from side) and are positioned at the tip of inverted-cone-shaped elongate ovaries that are several times longer than buds. Ovaries are glabrous with diagonally arranged, well-spaced, spineless areoles along with a ring of areoles outlining the wide, distal end. The ovarian areoles have the same leaves as new pads, but without spines. Ovaries are slightly ridged.
Photo 3: In this mid-May photo, a previous year's pad bears a new pad and two flowers growing from areoles at its upper margin. Areoles of new pad bear short conical leaves that will quickly drop off.
At anthesis, the perfect (with male and female parts) diurnal flowers, to 3 inches across, show light to bright yellow overlapping waxy petals. The eight or so petals in the upper series have narrow bases and a broad upper portion with a central point and often two side points. Uppermost petals may or may not be marked by a reddish-orange "flame" that extends upward from the base. Underlying series of petals gradually change shape, grading into the lowermost series. Flowers have numerous short stamens, with light yellow elongate anthers on darker yellow filaments, that encircle a single, white, stout style tipped by a bulbous partitioned stigma.
Photo 4: This orange-centered flower has three points on its petals. Triangular green sepals can be seen on the bloomed-out flower to the right. A young pad behind this flower still bears its small conical leaves.
Spent flowers quickly fall from the ovary (developing fruit), exposing a concave scarred upper surface. As the elongate fruit (berry) matures, it becomes fleshy and purplish. Fruits remain on the stem into the next growing season. Fruits contain 20 to 30 light colored, flattened and circular seeds that have an indentation on one margin and a protruding edge all around. Seeds are dispersed by small mammals and birds.
Photo 5: Central pad bears five flowers and no new pads. Light colored lines across old pads may result from pad shrinkage during winter or droughts. Photo in early June.
Photo 6: In this early January photo, the two fruits are 2½ inches long and ½ inch in diameter. Inset shows seeds in a fruit as well as three cleaned seeds that bear imprint of embryonic plants.
In a garden setting, eastern prickly pear may be suitable for xeriscape and rock gardens where the plants could remain untouched and where other vegetation would not invade the area. Plants can be easily started by setting the end of a detached pad at the chosen permanent site. Eastern prickly pear is a dependable bloomer. Fruit and pads of prickly pears are edible and may be found in grocery stores labeled "nopalito" (pads) and "tuna" (fruit). However, care must be taken to remove the glochids from pads of our native species.
Along with eastern prickly pear (Opuntia humifusa), a second native cactus occurs in Arkansas, namely, western prickly pear (Opuntia macrorhiza)*. This second species is recorded from scattered counties in the Interior Highlands. Opuntia macrorhiza, also known as plains prickly pear, has more than two spines per areole, with spines occurring in areoles across the entire pad surface. It is also sometimes reported to have thicker, tuberous roots in comparison.
*The taxonomy of the genus Opuntia is widely debated. The treatment presented here follows the traditional (and most simplistic) view of Arkansas prickly pears. However, some authorities believe we have several additional species within the state, but delineation of those species and the most appropriate application of names to those species is not settled. Some of those authorities believe we do not have true Opuntia humifusa in Arkansas, this being a species more confined to the Northeast. The name Opuntia cespitosa may sometimes be found applied to the common prickly pear in Arkansas traditionally called Opuntia humifusa. To make things even more confusing, hybrids have been reported within the genus.
Article and photographs by ANPS member Sid Vogelpohl
This entry was posted in Know Your Natives, Native Plants, Wildflowers and tagged Cactaceae, Cactus, Eastern Prickly Pear, Know Your Natives, Opuntia, Opuntia humifusa, Prickly Pear. Bookmark the permalink.


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We hired Petal Pushers for our wedding in March and our flowers were beautiful. The bouquets were bright and springy which is exactly what I wanted. I worked with Erica and she was amazing. The day before my wedding, she called me and invited me to come into the shop to look at what they had created. I loved that I was able to preview them before hand and not just waiting anxiously on my wedding day to see what my flowers would look like. They also created 2 large centerpieces for me which were beautiful and used during the ceremony and reception. I love that they offered that as an option to me. I highly recommend them.
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I loved working with Petal Pushers for all my wedding flowers and greenery. Kristen was fabulous to work with and made my wedding look stunning with the beautiful arrangements!
I couldn't have asked for a better experience than working with Karen and her team! She made the venue look absolutely incredible and knew exactly what style I going for. All of our guests were impressed and gave us compliments on how beautiful everything turned out, and I've already recommended Petal Pushers to a friend getting married in the area.
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Petal Pushers made my wedding vision come alive! I worked with Erica and from the few pictures I showed her along with what we had discussed she really nailed the look I was going for! The bouquets were absolutely gorgeous. Erica was a huge help setting up as well, very professional yet easy to talk to. I would highly recommend using Petal Pushers, you won't be disappointed! I also received many compliments on how beautiful the arrangements were.
I cannot say enough amazing things about my experience with Petal Pushers for our wedding a few weeks ago!
When it came to planning our wedding I had zero ideas about almost everything and that especially went for flowers!
When we went in for our first meeting with Karen I described a few things about our wedding like my dress, the bridesmaids dresses, and our colors (which were kind of all over the place) and told her I knew nothing about flowers or what kind I wanted or anything and she told me no problem, she knew exactly what to do! Karen was familiar with the venue we chose so she offered some extremely helpful suggestions on what we needed but we never once felt any sort of pressure to add anything we couldn't fit into our budget.
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text:
Q: MySQL ORDER BY, use column mod_time, but if mod_time is 0, use column create_time I want to order results based on two columns, mod_time and create_time.
I want the most recent to be present. At the moment I have
ORDER BY pr.mod_time DESC, pr.create_time DESC

This breaks if the item has not modified, in which case mod_time is 0 and only the create_time is set. This effectively puts anything with a mod_time of 0 to the end of the ordering even if the create_time is greater than any other mod_time.
I hope that makes sense.
Is there a way I can use ORDER BY to do this?
Thanks, Jake

A: You could use this:
ORDER BY CASE WHEN pr.mod_time = 0 THEN pr.create_time
              ELSE pr.mod_time
         END DESC, pr.create_time DESC

Or perhaps this simpler version is want you want, assuming an item will never be modified before it is created:
ORDER BY GREATEST(pr.mod_time, pr.create_time) DESC, pr.create_time DESC

Note that these queries won't be able to use an index, if any.

A: I'm not sure if this is what you mean, but I'll offer it in case:
Just switch your ORDER BY around:
ORDER BY pr.create_time DESC, pr.mod_time DESC

This will cause it to sort by create_time first.
A side note: You could set mod_time at create time, such that a created item was 'modified' (created) at the same time as create_time. This probably depends on what else is going on in your system though.

A: Add IFNULL(pr.create_time, pr.mod_time) as one of the selected columns.
Specify the position of the IFNULL in the ORDER BY.


LoanLogics is a regulatory technology (regtech) company that develops mortgage loan software intended to improve the transparency and accuracy of the mortgage process, and improve the quality of loans.
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text:
BW Signature Collection by Best Western coming to Thailand
Tawaravadee Resort, BW Signature Collection by Best Western, Thailand. Photo credit: Best Western Hotels & Resorts(Image: Best Western Hotels & Resorts)
Best Western Hotels & Resorts has set plans to bring its newest brand BW Signature Collection by Best Western to Asia this year.
Best Western Hotels & Resorts has signed the Tawaravadee Resort in Thailand's Pranchinburi Province. The existing resort owned by My Green Resident Company, Ltd. is scheduled to reopen under the BW Signature Collection by Best Western brand in third quarter.
The Tawaravadee Resort, BW Signature Collection by Best Western has 199 guestrooms. The property in Thailand's countryside is near Bangkok, Suvarnabhumi Airport and ancient ruins.
The resort is part of Best Western Hotel & Resort's plan to expand in Thailand, one of the hotel organization's key target markets. Best Western Hotels & Resorts has an additional 17 new hotels in the pipeline for the country.
The company also will introduce its Vib brand to Thailand later this year. The new-build Vib Sanam Pao in Bangkok will have 89 guestrooms.
This latest addition to Best Western Hotels & Resorts' portfolio follows the signing of eight new hotels in Thailand, Japan and Vietnam in 2017. The pipeline totaled 24 hotel projects with more than 1,000 guestrooms when the new hotels were added.
Eleven Best Western-branded hotels are slated to open between 2019 and 2020, five of which will operate in Thailand. The new Thailand properties include the Best Western Prime Square in Chiang Mai, the Best Western Premiere Bayphere in Pattaya, the BluPhere Pattaya, BW Premier Collection on the Gulf of Thailand, the Best Western Chatuchak near Bangkok's Chatuchak Weekend Market and the Best Western Nada Don Muang near Bangkok's Don Muang International Airport.
Tawaravadee Resort will be Best Western Hotels & Resort's 10th property in Thailand. The other nine hotels operate under the company's brands Best Western, Best Western Plus, Best Western Premier, BW Premier Collection by Best Western and SureStay Plus Hotel by Best Western.
Openings Rebranding Operations New Brands Expansion Best Western Thailand BW Signature Collection Asia Pacific


and learning along with everyone else.
The mailing list itself is published on the NYLXS site.  Hope you join us!
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text:
Q: Does express.js 4.x support node 4.x? I've been trying to find the supported versions on node on the expressjs page, but can't find an official list. Has expressjs been updated to work with the newest releases of node?

A: As of today (Oct 09, 2015), the package.json file on the ExpressJS master branch still mentions that it supports node versions >= 0.10.0, so semantically speaking that would imply node 4.x.
However, there is an open issue dealing specifically with the node 4.x support. The current state is that express devs are trying to find which dependencies might have an issue running on node 4, but so far they've not found any.
So in theory, Express 4 should not have any issues running on Node 4.


text:
Orchestina coari est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Oonopidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique d'Amazonas au Brésil. Elle se rencontre vers Coari.

Description
La femelle holotype mesure .

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, Coari.

Publication originale
 Izquierdo & Ramírez, 2017 : Taxonomic revision of the jumping goblin spiders of the genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, in the Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Oonopidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique de l'Amazonas (Brésil)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
int64_t time_thinkTimeMillis(GameState* state, int64_t myTimeLeftMillis, int64_t opponentsTimeLeftMillis) {
	const int64_t defTime = 5000;

	// On the off chance we get some nonsense input, make sure we don't return a negative time!
	if (myTimeLeftMillis <= 0) {
		myTimeLeftMillis = 60 * 1000;
	}

	// If we have at least four times the default time left, use the default time.
	// Otherwise don't use more than a quarter of the remaining time.
	return myTimeLeftMillis > (defTime * 4) ? defTime : myTimeLeftMillis / 4;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Charters of Our Nation Federation Gallery National Archives, Canberra Opens 17 Januar y 2001 Ilan Pasin: This is Our Way -- Torres Strait Art (a touring exhibition from the Cairns Regional Gallery) National Archives, Canberra 28 October 2000 to 18 Februar y 2001 Wine! An Australian Social History National Archives, Canberra 21 March to 23 July 2001 Caught in the Rear View Mirror with Roy and HG Parramatta Heritage Centre, Sydney 3 November 2000 to 28 January 2001 Orange Librar y, Orange 7 Februar y to 7 March 2001 Por t Pirie Regional Ar t Gallery 7 April to 20 May 2001 Signed, Sealed, Delivered: When the Post Office Was King Newcastle Regional Museum, Newcastle 8 September 2000 to 27 Febr uar y 2001 Pinnacles Galler y, Townsville 12 March to 11 April 2001 Canberra Tel: (02) 6212 3600 Fax: (02) 6212 3699 TTY: (02) 6212 3689 Adelaide Tel: (08) 8269 0100 Fax: (08) 8269 3234 Brisbane Tel: (07) 3249 4222 Fax: (07) 3399 6589 Darwin Tel: (08) 8948 4577 Fax: (08) 8948 0276 Hobart Tel: (03) 6244 0101 Fax: (03) 6244 6834 Melbourne Tel: (03) 9285 7999 Fax: (03) 9285 7917 Perth Tel: (08) 9470 7500 Fax: (08) 9470 2787 Sydney Tel: (02) 9645 0100 Fax: (02) 9645 0108 Editorial inquiries: (02) 6212 3923 Address: PO Box 7425, Canberra Mail Centre, ACT 2610 Internet: www.naa.gov.au Email: archives@naa.gov.au Print Post Approved PP255003/04321 ISSN 1327 -- 4155 Archives Reference inquiries Telephone (02) 6212 3900 Facsimile (02) 6212 3999 Email: ref@naa.gov.au World War I records and dossier information Telephone (02) 6212 3400 Facsimile (02) 6212 3499 Recordkeeping inquiries For advice on recordkeeping standards and guidelines including DIRKS, appraisal and metadata: Telephone (02) 6212 3610 Facsimile (02) 6212 3989 Email: recordkeeping@naa.gov.au Website: www.naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/ Archives Advices and Fact Sheets You can find Archives Advices and Fact Sheets on our website under 'Publications'. Preservation and disaster recovery inquiries Suellen Bailey (02) 6212 3420 Lending Telephone (02) 6212 3407 Facsimile (02) 6212 3472 CANBERRA CONTACTS near you exhibitions events Archives Looking back at 1970 Our summer speaker s look back at politics, food and TV in the '70s. Australia: Home and Away Michael McKernan 9 Januar y 2001 Food, Glorious Food Margaret Fulton 16 Januar y 2001 On the Box Rod Quinn 23 January 2001 All talks will be held in our Canberra building on Tuesday at 7 pm. For bookings, phone (02) 6212 3624. Federation talks and events To be held in our Canberra building from Februar y to November 2001. Look out for newspaper ads. Contact (02) 6212 3933. Family History Fair A day of presentations and displays, held in conjunction with the Heraldr y and Genealogy Society of Canberra. 1April2001,10am --4pm. Contact (02) 6212 3933. m memento is a free publication of the National Archives of Australia. It is issued three times a year. To subscribe, fax your name and address to (02) 6212 3914 or phone (02) 6212 3609 and ask to be put on the mailing list.


This 80287-compatible chip was developed from the Cyrix 83D87 and has been available since 1991. It complies completely with the IEEE-754 standard for floating-point arithmetic and features nearly total compatibility with Intel's coprocessors, including implementation of the full Intel 80387 instruction set. It implements the transcendental functions with the same degree of accuracy and the superior speed of the Cyrix 83D87. This makes the Cyrix 82S87 the fastest and most accurate 287 compatible coprocessor available.
Documentation by Cyrix rates the 82S87 at 730 kWhets/sec for a 12.5 MHz system, while the Intel 287XL performs only 552 kWhets/sec. 82S87 chips manufactured after 1991 use the internals of the Cyrix 387+, which succeeds the original 83D87.
The CX-83D87 was introduced in 1989. It is the fastest 387-compatible coprocessor and provides up to 50% more performance than the Intel 387DX. The 83D87 also offers the most accurate transcendental functions of all coprocessors. It is the 387 clone with the highest degree of compatibility to the Intel 387DX. Unlike the Intel 387DX, the 83D87 (and all other 387-compatible chips as well) does not support asynchronous operation of CPU and coprocessor. To reduce power consumption the 83D87 features advanced power saving features. Those portions of the coprocessor that are not needed are automatically shut down. If no coprocessor instructions are being executed, all parts except the bus interface unit are shut down.
The Cyrix 387DX+ is a CX-83D87 for the European marked, relabeled 387DX+. It is the fastest 387-compatible coprocessor and provides up to 50% more performance than the Intel 387DX. It also offers the most accurate transcendental functions of all coprocessors and is the 387 clone with the highest degree of compatibility to the Intel 387DX.
The 83S87 is the SX version of the Cyrix 83D87. Just as the 83D87 is the fastest 387-compatible coprocessor, the Cyrix 83S87 is the fastest of the 387SX compatible coprocessors, as well as providing the most accurate transcendental functions. 83S87 chips manufactured after 1991 use the internals of the Cyrix 387+, the successor to the original 83D87. The Cyrix 83S87 is ideally suited to be used with the Cyrix Cx486SLC CPU, a 486SX compatible CPU which is a replacement chip for the Intel 386SX CPU.
The 83S87 is packaged in a 68-pin PLCC and is available in 16, 20, 25, and 33 MHz versions. Due to the advanced power saving features of the Cyrix coprocessor, the typical power consumption of the 20 MHz version is only about 350 mW, while maximum power dissipation is 1.6 W.
The 487DLC is a math processor for the Cyrix 486 DLC series of 386DX replacement processors. The Cx487DLC is an OEM only chip and has not been sold separately.
Another co-processor for 386/486 SLC/DLC systems. This chip is a 40-pin PQFP package mounted on a 68-pin PGA PCB to fit into a standard socket.