text:
This article is about the daughter of Herodias. For other uses, see Salome (disambiguation).
Salome (1923 silent movie)
Starring Alla Nazimova in the title role.
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Salome (/səˈloʊmiː/; Greek: Σαλώμη; Hebrew: שלומית, Shlomit, related to שָׁלוֹם: shalom,"peace";[1] 10s–60s AD[not verified in body]), the daughter of Herod II and Herodias, granddaughter of Herod the Great, is known from accounts in the New Testament, where she appears as an unnamed daughter of Herodias, and an account by Flavius Josephus, where the daughter of Herodias is named Salome. In the New Testament she is mentioned as the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, demanding and receiving the head of John the Baptist. According to Josephus, she was first married to her uncle Philip the Tetrarch, after whose death (AD 34), she married her cousin Aristobulus of Chalcis, thus becoming queen of Chalcis and Armenia Minor.
The gospel story of her dance at the birthday celebration of her stepfather, who had John the Baptist beheaded at her request, inspired art, literature and music over an extended period of time. Among the paintings are those by Titian and Gustave Moreau. Oscar Wilde's eponymous play, and its subsequent setting by Richard Strauss, are among the literary and musical realisations which endeavoured to portray her. She also appeared in film, for instance in a 1953 Salome movie starring Rita Hayworth in the title role.
1 First-century accounts and sources
1.1 New Testament
1.2 Josephus
1.3 Coins
2 Salome in the arts
2.1 Painting and sculpture
2.2 Sacred vocal music
2.3 Theatre and literature
2.3.1 Oscar Wilde's play
2.3.2 Operas based on Wilde's play
2.3.3 Ballet
2.3.4 Poetry
2.4 Other music
First-century accounts and sourcesEdit
Salome is commonly identified with the daughter of Herodias who, according to the New Testament (Mark 6:21–29 and Matthew 14:3–11), danced for Herod. In his Jewish Antiquities, Josephus mentions marriages and children of the daughter of Herodias named Salome.
New TestamentEdit
According to Mark 6:21–29 a daughter of Herodias danced before Herod at his birthday celebration, and in doing so gave her mother the opportunity to obtain the head of John the Baptist. Although the New Testament accounts do not mention a name for the girl, this daughter of Herodias is often identified with Salome. According to Mark's gospel, Herodias bore a grudge against John for stating that Herod's marriage to her was unlawful; she encouraged her daughter to demand that John be executed.[2]
Mark's account (6:21–28) reads:
A convenient day arrived when Herod spread an evening meal on his birthday for his high officials and the military commanders and the most prominent men of Galilee. The daughter of Herodias came in and danced, pleasing Herod and those dining with him. The king said to the girl: "Ask me for whatever you want, and I will give it to you." Yes, he swore to her: "Whatever you ask me for, I will give it to you, up to half my kingdom." So she went out and said to her mother: "What should I ask for?" She said: "The head of John the Baptist." She immediately rushed in to the king and made her request, saying: "I want you to give me right away on a platter the head of John the Baptist." Although this deeply grieved him, the king did not want to disregard her request, because of his oaths and his guests. So the king immediately sent a bodyguard and commanded him to bring John's head. So he went off and beheaded him in the prison and brought his head on a platter. He gave it to the girl, and the girl gave it to her mother. When his disciples heard of it, they came and took his body and laid it in a tomb.[3]
The parallel passage in the Gospel of Matthew (14:6–11):
But on Herod's birthday, the daughter of Herodias danced before them: and pleased Herod. Whereupon he promised with an oath, to give her whatsoever she would ask of him. But she being instructed before by her mother, said: Give me here in a dish the head of John the Baptist. And the king was struck sad: yet because of his oath, and for them that sat with him at table, he commanded it to be given. And he sent, and beheaded John in the prison. And his head was brought in a dish: and it was given to the damsel, and she brought it to her mother.[4]
Some ancient Greek versions of Mark read "Herod's daughter Herodias" (rather than "daughter of the said Herodias").[5] To scholars using these ancient texts, both mother and daughter had the same name. However, the Latin Vulgate Bible translates the passage as it is above, and western Church Fathers, therefore, tended to refer to Salome as "Herodias's daughter" or just "the girl". Nevertheless, because she is otherwise unnamed in the Bible, the idea that both mother and daughter were named Herodias gained some currency in early modern Europe.[2][6]
Herodias's daughter is arguably not Salome the disciple, who is a witness to the Crucifixion of Jesus in Mark 15:40.[7] However, the apocryphal Book of the Resurrection of Christ, pseudonymically attributed to the apostle Bartholomew, names a "Salome the temptress" as among the women who went to the empty tomb; perhaps reflecting an early tradition that Salome, the daughter of Herodias, was at the tomb.[8]
JosephusEdit
Salome is mentioned as a stepdaughter of Herod Antipas in Josephus's Jewish Antiquities (Book XVIII, Chapter 5, 4):
Herodias, [...], was married to Herod,[a] the son of Herod the Great, who was born of Mariamne, the daughter of Simon the high priest, who had a daughter, Salome; after whose birth Herodias took upon her to confound the laws of our country, and divorced herself from her husband while he was alive, and was married to Herod, her husband's brother by the father's side, he was tetrarch of Galilee; but her daughter Salome was married to Philip,[b] the son of Herod, and tetrarch of Trachonitis; and as he died childless, Aristobulus,[c] the son of Herod,[d] the brother of Agrippa, married her; they had three sons, Herod, Agrippa, and Aristobulus;[9]
According to William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities:[10]
^ Herod, son of Herod the Great and Mariamne, first husband of Herodias: Herod Philip (I), a.k.a. Herod II
^ Philip, tetrarch of (Ituraea and) Trachonitis, son of Herod (the Great), first husband of Salome: Philip the Tetrarch
^ Aristobulus, son of Herod (of Chalcis), second husband of Salome: Aristobulus of Chalcis
^ Herod, brother of (Herod) Agrippa, father of Aristobulus (of Chalcis): Herod of Chalcis
CoinsEdit
A few coins with portraits of Aristobulus and Salome have been found.[11]
Salome in the artsEdit
Herod's Banquet (detail) by Fra Filippo Lippi (15th century)
Salome by Titian, c 1515, (Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome)
Salome with the Head of the Baptist, 1761, Mariano Salvador Maella
Salomé, by Henri Regnault (1870).
Salome and the Apparition of the Baptist's Head, watercolor by Gustave Moreau (1876)
The Peacock Skirt, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play, Salomé, 1896
Salome (1916), by Willem Arondeus, Metropolitan Museum
The story of her dance before Herod with the head of John the Baptist on a silver platter led medieval Christian artists to depict her as the personification of the lascivious woman, a temptress who lures men away from salvation.[12]
Christian traditions depict her as an icon of dangerous female seductiveness, notably in regard to the dance mentioned in the New Testament, which is thought to have had an erotic element to it, and in some later transformations it has further been iconized as the Dance of the Seven Veils. Other elements of Christian tradition concentrate on her lighthearted and cold foolishness that, according to the gospels, led to John the Baptist's death.[13] Bryant G. Wood Ph.D supplies a quote from David Flusser, a leading expert[citation needed] on early Christianity, that her "biographical profile suggests a normal, moral personality".[14] Nevertheless, a similar motif was struck by Oscar Wilde in his Salome, in which she plays a femme fatale. This parallel representation of the Christian iconography, made even more memorable by Richard Strauss' opera based on Wilde's work, is as consistent with Josephus' account as the traditional Christian depiction; however, according to the Romanized Jewish historian, Salome lived long enough to marry twice and raise several children. Few literary accounts elaborate the biographical data given by Josephus.[15]
Despite Josephus' account, she was not consistently called Salome until the nineteenth century when Gustave Flaubert (following Josephus) referred to her as "Salome" in his short story "Herodias".[16]
Painting and sculptureEdit
This biblical story has long been a favorite of painters. Painters who have done notable representations of Salome include Masolino da Panicale, Filippo Lippi, Benozzo Gozzoli, Leonardo da Vinci followers Andrea Solario and Bernardino Luini, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Titian, Caravaggio, Guido Reni, Fabritius, Henri Regnault, Georges Rochegrosse, Gustave Moreau, Lovis Corinth and Federico Beltran-Masses.
Titian's version (illustration c.1515) emphasizes the contrast between the innocent girlish face and the brutally severed head. Because of the maid by her side, this Titian painting, like others of the subject, is also considered to be Judith with the Head of Holofernes. Unlike Salome who goes nameless in the Christian bible, Judith is a Judeo-Christian mythical patriot whose story is perhaps less psychological and as she was a widow, may not be particularly girlish nor innocent in representations.[17]
In Moreau's version (illustration) the figure of Salome is emblematic of the femme fatale, a fashionable trope of fin-de-siecle decadence. In his 1884 novel À rebours, Frenchman Joris-Karl Huysmans describes the depiction of Salome in Moreau's painting:
No longer was she merely the dancing-girl who extorts a cry of lust and concupiscence from an old man by the lascivious contortions of her body; who breaks the will, masters the mind of a King by the spectacle of her quivering bosoms, heaving belly and tossing thighs; she was now revealed in a sense as the symbolic incarnation of world-old Vice, the goddess of immortal Hysteria, the Curse of Beauty supreme above all other beauties by the cataleptic spasm that stirs her flesh and steels her muscles, – a monstrous Beast of the Apocalypse, indifferent, irresponsible, insensible, poisoning.[18]
Salome by Franz von Stuck, 1906
Sacred vocal musicEdit
Salome appears as a character in Alessandro Stradella's oratorio S. Giovanni Battista [scores] (St. John the Baptist), composed in 1676, which includes "Queste lagrime e sospiri", an aria sung by the Salome character.[19]
Theatre and literatureEdit
In 1877 Gustave Flaubert's Three Tales were published, including "Herodias". In this story full responsibility for John's death is given to Salome's mother Herodias and the priests who fear his religious power. Salome herself is shown as a young girl who forgets the name of the man whose head she requests as she is asking for it. Jules Massenet's 1881 opera Hérodiade was based on Flaubert's short story.[citation needed]
The 1934 fantasy novella A Witch Shall Be Born by Robert E. Howard, one of the Conan the Barbarian cycle, features an evil prehistorical witch named Salome, and it is clearly implied that she was an earlier incarnation of the New Testament character of the same name.[citation needed][relevant? – discuss]
Salome is shown in the mystery play as a personification of Carl Jung's pleasure[20] in The Red Book. Through dream analysis and active imagination, she is seen as the "daughter of Elijah": a non-historical but rather metaphysical and symbolic relationship between Pleasure/Salome and Elijah/Forethinking where one cannot act without properly function without the other[21]
Through interactions with Salome, Jung learns of how he neglected the emotional feeling side of his personality and the difficulties of accepting that part of himself that he suppressed.[22]
Oscar Wilde's playEdit
Main article: Salome (play)
Salomé's story was made the subject of a Symbolist play by Oscar Wilde that was first banned in London in 1892 while rehearsals were underway, and that subsequently premiered in Paris in 1896, under the French name Salomé. In Wilde's play, Salome takes a perverse fancy for John the Baptist, and causes him to be executed when John spurns her affections. In the finale, Salome takes up John's severed head and kisses it.[23]
Because at the time British law forbade the depiction of biblical characters on stage,[24] Wilde wrote the play originally in French, and then produced an English translation (titled Salome). To this Granville Bantock composed incidental music, which was premiered at the Court Theatre, London, on 19 April 1918.[25]
Operas based on Wilde's playEdit
Main articles: Salome (opera) and Salomé (Mariotte)
The Wilde play (in a German translation by Hedwig Lachmann) was edited down to a one-act opera by Richard Strauss. The opera Salome, which premiered in Dresden in 1905, is famous for the Dance of the Seven Veils. As with the Wilde play, it turns the action to Salome herself, reducing her mother to a bit-player, though the opera is less centered on Herod's motivations than the play.[26][27]
Shortly after the success of Strauss' opera, Antoine Mariotte created another opera based on Wilde's original French script. It was premiered on 30 October 1908 at the Grand Théâtre at Lyon. This opera was revived only in 2005 at the Montpellier Festival.[28]
BalletEdit
In 1907 Florent Schmitt received a commission from Jacques Rouché to compose a ballet, La tragédie de Salomé, for Loie Fuller to perform at the Théâtre des Arts.[citation needed] Another Salome ballet was composed by the Japanese composer Akira Ifukube in 1948.[citation needed][relevant? – discuss] Danish choreographer Flemming Flindt's ballet Salome with music by Peter Maxwell Davies premiered in 1978.[29][30] Choreographer Arthur Pita was commissioned by San Francisco Ballet for his version of a Salome ballet in 2017.[31]
PoetryEdit
In "Salome" (1896) by the Greek poet Constantine Cavafy, Salome instigated the death of John the Baptist as part of a futile effort to get the interest of "a young sophist who was indifferent to the charms of love". When Salome presents to him the Baptist's head, the sophist rejects it, remarking in jest "Dear Salome, I would have liked better to get your own head". Taking the jest seriously, the hopelessly infatuated Salome lets herself be beheaded and her head is duly brought to the sophist, who however rejects it in disgust and turns back to studying the Dialogues of Plato.[32]
Salome poetry was also written by, among others, Ai (1986), Nick Cave (1988), and Carol Ann Duffy (1999).[citation needed]
Other musicEdit
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A descriptive piano piece by Mel Bonis entitled Salomé (1909) is part of her series, Femmes de Légende.[citation needed]
A 1989 album entitled Salome Dances for Peace by the string quartet Kronos Quartet.[citation needed]
Songs about Salome have been written by, among others, Archibald Joyce (1907, 1912), Tommy Duncan (1952), Karel Kryl (1965), Drs. P (1974), John Cale (1978), Kim Wilde (1984), U2 (1990), Andrew Lloyd Webber (1993), Liz Phair (1993), Kurt Elling (1995), Susan McKeown (1995), Mark St. John Ellis as Elijah's Mantle (1995), Old 97's (1997), The Changelings (1997), Loudovikos ton Anogeion (1997), The Residents (1998), Enrique Bunbury (1998), Chayanne (1999), Patti Smith (2000), Killing Miranda (2001), Gary Jules' "Pills" (2001), The Booda Velvets (2001), Stormwitch (2004), Flipron (2006),[33] Xandria (2007), Pete Doherty (2009), Saltatio Mortis (2009), 9GOATS BLACK OUT (2009), Justin Vivian Bond (2011), Regina Spektor and Kaya (2012), Behemoth (2014), Wovenhand (2014), Marriages (2015), and Jarvis Cocker (2017).
FilmEdit
Wilde's Salome has often been made into a film, notably a 1923 silent film, Salome, starring Alla Nazimova in the title role and a 1988 Ken Russell play-within-a-film treatment, Salome's Last Dance, which also includes Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas as characters. Steven Berkoff filmed his stage version of the play in 1992.[34]
In the 1950 film Sunset Boulevard, the principal character Norma Desmond is portrayed as writing a screenplay for a silent film treatment of the legend of Salome, attempting to get the screenplay produced, and performing one of the scenes from her screenplay after going mad.[35]
Other Salome films include:
Salomé (1918), starring Theda Bara in the title role. Flavius Josephus was credited for the story.[citation needed]
Salomé (1953), starring Rita Hayworth in the title role.[citation needed]
Salomé (1972), starring Carmelo Bene and Donyale Luna in the title role.[citation needed]
Salome (1986), a French-Italian production.[citation needed]
Salomé (2002), directed by Carlos Saura, using flamenco dance.[citation needed][relevant? – discuss]
Wilde Salome (2011), a film by Al Pacino. Salomé is played by Jessica Chastain.[citation needed][relevant? – discuss]
List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources
List of names for the biblical nameless
^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of the name Salome". Behind the Name.
^ a b Sharon Betsworth (2010). The Reign of God is Such as These: A Socio-Literary Analysis of Daughters in the Gospel of Mark. A&C Black. pp. 117–19. ISBN 978-0-567-17531-1.
^ (Mark 6:21–28, NWT)
^ Matt 14:6–11, D-R
^ Taylor, V. (1966). The gospel according to St Mark, 2nd Edition. London: Macmillan (pp310ff.)
^ F. Scott Spencer (2004). Dancing Girls, Loose Ladies, and Women of the Cloth: The Women in Jesus' Life. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-4411-4023-4.
^ Richard Bauckham (2015). Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4742-3047-6.
^ Budge, E. A. Wallis (1913). Coptic Apocrypha in the Dialect of Upper Egypt. London: London: Printed by order of the Trustees, Sold at the British Museum. p. 187.
^ Josephus, Flavius (October 1, 2001). Antiquities of the Jews – via Project Gutenberg.
^ William Smith (editor). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. 1870. Volume III, p. 698 Archived 2008-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, 4.
^ Ancient Jewish Coins: The Coins of Herod's Grandchildren (37–96 CE) at www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
^ Beth Allison Barr (2008). The Pastoral Care of Women in Late Medieval England. Boydell Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-84383-373-4.
^ (Mark 6:25–27; Matthew 14:8–11)
^ "Associates for Biblical Research – Home".
^ Burton, Fisher D. (2000). Salome. Opera Journeys Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-930841-21-5.
^ Rosina Neginsky (2014). Salome: The Image of a Woman Who Never Was; Salome. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-4438-6962-1.
^ Denis Hollier (1997). Absent Without Leave: French Literature Under the Threat of War. Harvard University Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-674-21270-1.
^ Huysmans À rebours – Toni Bentley (2002) Sisters of Salome: 24
^ Patricia Petibon and Venice Baroque Orchestra conducted by Andrea Marcon. Rosso: Italian Baroque Arias. Deutsche Grammophon, 2010. DG 477 8763 (track 2)
^ C. G. Jung and Sonu Shamdasani (2009). "Mysterium. Encounter". The Red Book: Liber Novus. WW Norton. p. 247. ISBN 978-0393065671.
^ C.G. Jung and Sonu Shamdasani (2009). "Mysterium. Encounter". The Red Book: Liber Novus. WW Norton. p. 276. ISBN 978-0393065671.
^ Oscar Wilde (2004). "From the introduction by Sylvan Barnet". The Best of Oscar Wilde: Selected Plays and Writings. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-101-15769-5.
^ Gale (2016). A Study Guide for Oscar Wilde's "Salome". Cengage Learning. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4103-5722-9.
^ William Tydeman; Steven Price (1996). Wilde: Salome. Cambridge University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-521-56545-5.
^ Derrick Puffett (1989). Richard Strauss: Salome. Cambridge University Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-521-35970-2.
^ Burton D. Fisher (2005). Richard Strauss's Salome. Opera Journeys Publishing. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-9771455-1-5. Salome, a young girl tragically confused by the first stirrings of sexual desire, sees the moon as a chaste virginal flower, but nevertheless, is haunted by the repressed memory of her father who was imprisoned and killed in the same cistern as John the Baptist. In the sense of catharsis, one senses not revulsion, but a great torrent of cleansing emotion. Salome brought Freudian psychology to the operatic stage. In the end, Oscar Wilde would have been pleased.
^ Francis Carlin (30 July 2004). "Lost musical treasures unearthed". Financial Times. The Financial Times Limited. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
^ Jack Anderson (10 March 2009). "Flemming Flindt, Danish Dancer and Choreographer, Dies at 72". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
^ Mary Clarke (10 March 2009). "Flemming Flindt". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
^ Allan Ulrich (10 March 2017). "SF Ballet's 'Salome' erotic, repellent and fascinating". San Francisco Examiner. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
^ Constantine Cavafy (1976). The Complete Poems of Cavafy. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-15-619820-2.
^ "Biscuits For Cerberus" Track:"Bring Me The Head Of John The Baptist", Tiny Dog Records 2006
^ Alan Perks; Jacqueline Porteous (2009). A2 Drama and Theatre Studies: The Essential Introduction for Edexcel. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-135-27001-8.
^ Georges-Claude Guilbert (2009). Literary Readings of Billy Wilder. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 31–35. ISBN 978-1-4438-0847-7.
Gillman, Florence Morgan (2003). Herodias: At Home in the Fox's Den. Interfaces. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press. ISBN 0-8146-5108-9
Claudel, Paul-André (2013). Salomé: Destinées imaginaires d'une figure biblique, Paris: Ellipses. ISBN 978-2729883171
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salome.
Salome: Was the Dancing Daughter of Herodias a Child? | Marg Mowczko
Video Lecture on Salome by Dr. Henry Abramson
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salome&oldid=998434351"


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text:
Obama Raises Funds at Star-Studded Event in New York
By Laura Meckler
Aug. 11, 2011 8:50 pm ET
President Barack Obama collected some big bucks Thursday night at a star-studded fund-raiser at the New York home of movie mogul Harvey Weinstein.
Among the guests: actress Gwyneth Paltrow and her husband, singer Chris Martin; comedian Jimmy Fallon, designer Vera Wang, singer Alicia Keys, and Vogue editor Anna Wintour, who co-hosted the event. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo was also there. They packed around five tables in a basement room.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nysson pratensis é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de vespas pertencente à família Crabronidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Mercet, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1909.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

Referências
 Nysson pratensis - de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.) (2013) Fauna Europaea version 2.6. Web Service available online at http://www.faunaeur.org (consultado em 12 de janeiro de 2014).

Ligações externas

 Nysson pratensis - Biodiversity Heritage Library - Bibliografia
 Nysson pratensis - NCBI Taxonomy Database
 Nysson pratensis - Global Biodiversity Information Facility
 Nysson pratensis - Encyclopedia of Life

Himenópteros de Portugal
pratensis
Himenópteros descritos em 1909

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sarah Piza
Generations: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Standard | Vertical | Compact | Box | Text | Ahnentafel | Fan Chart | Media
1. Sarah Piza was born in 1829 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies (daughter of Joshua "Hazan" Piza and Hanna Sasso); died in 1907 in Hamburg, Germany.
Sarah married Herman Meyer on 12 May 1847 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies. Herman (son of Moses Meyer and Frederica Levy) was born in 1820 in Hamburg, Germany; died in 1895 in Hamburg, Germany. [Group Sheet]
Evelyn Meyer was born in in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies.
Moritz Meyer was born in in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies.
2. Joshua "Hazan" Piza was born on 23 Aug 1772 in Amsterdam, Netherlands (son of Moses Piza and Sara Palache); died on 7 Jun 1850 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies.
Joshua married Hanna Sasso on 15 Sep 1816 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles. Hanna (daughter of Jacob Sasso and Judith Sasso) was born on 22 Dec 1799 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles; died on 22 Dec 1879 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies. [Group Sheet]
3. Hanna Sasso was born on 22 Dec 1799 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles (daughter of Jacob Sasso and Judith Sasso); died on 22 Dec 1879 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies.
Judith Piza was born in 1819 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles; died on 28 Jul 1898 in New York, NY, USA.
Benvenida Piza was born in 1822 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles; died on 30 Dec 1901 in Panama, Panama.
Jacob "Coco" Piza was born on 14 Nov 1824 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died on 8 Aug 1886 in Panama, Panama.
Samuel Piza was born in 1827 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died in 1885 in Paris, France.
1. Sarah Piza was born in 1829 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died in 1907 in Hamburg, Germany.
Esther Piza was born on 12 Oct 1831 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died on 31 Mar 1918 in Panama, Panama.
Rebecca Piza was born on 22 Jan 1833 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died in 1911 in Hamburg, Germany.
Leah Piza was born in 1835 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died in 1868 in Hamburg, Germany.
Rachel Piza was born in 1837 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died in 1916 in San Francisco, CA, USA.
4. Moses Piza was born on 31 Dec 1737 in Amsterdam, Netherlands (son of Juda Piza and Luna Ahubi); died in 1808.
Moses married Sara Palache on 21 Sep 1763 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sara (daughter of Joseph Palache and Esther Cordova) was born in 1736 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Group Sheet]
5. Sara Palache was born in 1736 in Amsterdam, Netherlands (daughter of Joseph Palache and Esther Cordova).
Judah Piza was born in 1765.
Esther Piza was born on 16 Aug 1769 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
2. Joshua "Hazan" Piza was born on 23 Aug 1772 in Amsterdam, Netherlands; died on 7 Jun 1850 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies.
Jacob Piza
Luna Piza
Samuel Piza was born in 1776.
6. Jacob Sasso was born in 1762 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles (son of Abraham Sasso and Judith Israel); died on 13 Jan 1840 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles.
Jacob married Judith Sasso on 6 Feb 1793. [Group Sheet]
7. Judith Sasso (daughter of Moses Sasso and Judith Sasso).
3. Hanna Sasso was born on 22 Dec 1799 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles; died on 22 Dec 1879 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies.
Judah Sasso was born in 1803 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; died on 29 Aug 1877 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies; was buried in Jewish Cemetery, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies.
Ribca Rebecca Sasso
8. Juda Piza was born in 1703 in Amsterdam, Netherlands (son of Haim Piza and Miriam Ahubi); died on 17 May 1785 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Juda married Luna Ahubi on 16 Jun 1726 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Luna (daughter of Samuel Ahubi) was born in 1705 in Amsterdam, Netherlands; died in Yes - date unknown. [Group Sheet]
9. Luna Ahubi was born in 1705 in Amsterdam, Netherlands (daughter of Samuel Ahubi); died in Yes - date unknown.
4. Moses Piza was born on 31 Dec 1737 in Amsterdam, Netherlands; died in 1808.
10. Joseph Palache
Joseph married Esther Cordova. [Group Sheet]
11. Esther Cordova
5. Sara Palache was born in 1736 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
12. Abraham Sasso was born in in London, England (son of Judith Sasso and Sara Peres); died on 14 Mar 1774.
Abraham married Judith Israel. Judith died in Yes - date unknown. [Group Sheet]
13. Judith Israel died in Yes - date unknown.
Moses Sasso died in Yes - date unknown.
6. Jacob Sasso was born in 1762 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles; died on 13 Jan 1840 in Curacao, Netherland Antilles.
Sasso died in Yes - date unknown.
14. Moses Sasso (son of Abraham Sasso and Judith Israel); died in Yes - date unknown.
Moses married Judith Sasso. [Group Sheet]
15. Judith Sasso (daughter of Joseph Sasso and Ribca Jessurun).
7. Judith Sasso


text:
Stitt inauguration sets spending record
by Carmen Forman
Published: Fri, July 12, 2019 1:04 PM Updated: Fri, July 12, 2019 1:05 PM
Some of the major expenses for Gov. Stitt's inauguration festivities. [TODD PENDLETON/The Oklahoman]
Gov. Kevin Stitt's inaugural committee spent more than $2.4 million on January inauguration events to kick off his first term in office.
The inaugural committee spent more on his inauguration events — a series of festivities across the state culminating in his inauguration at the state Capitol — than former Gov. Mary Fallin spent on both of her inaugurations combined.
The committee also spent every penny of the $2,471,900 raised from donated funds and ticket sales, leaving no funds left in his inaugural account. Fallin spent $2.36 million combined for her two inauguration celebrations.
Many of the high-dollar contributions to Stitt's inaugural campaign came from Oklahoma tribes, major local businesses and oil companies. Stitt's inauguration was funded entirely by private contributions.
Asked why Stitt's inauguration festivities cost more than previous inauguration celebrations, Stitt spokesman Donelle Harder said the events were "wildly successful" with people packing each one to see the incoming governor.
"The big difference was that the governor wanted to make sure that he was out engaging the communities in all aspects of the event," she said. "So, we had multiple events to celebrate the inauguration and worked to accommodate as many people as possible into our venues. We had a very grand inaugural, a very celebratory inaugural with the goal of making sure we connected with as many people as possible out in the state."
Tulsa-based convenience store chain QuikTrip contributed the most to Stitt's inaugural committee, giving $100,000, according to a finance report filed Thursday.
Other Oklahoma-based businesses contributed a major chunk of change to the committee.
Mathis Brothers Furniture and Oklahoma City-based public relations firm Jones PR each gave $25,000. Hobby Lobby contributed $20,000 and Champion Hotels contributed $50,000.
Cummins Construction Co., of Enid, contributed, $25,000 and Charlestons Restaurant Group and Love's Travel Stops and Country Stores each contributed $10,000.
Other top donations came from Oklahoma tribes. The Chickasaw and Cherokee Nations each contributed $75,000. Stitt is Oklahoma's first governor who is an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation.
The Choctaw Nation contributed $50,000. The inaugural committee also accepted a $25,000 contribution from the Osaga Casino, which is run by members of the Osage Nation and $10,000 from the Citizen Potawatomi Nation.
Oil companies based in Oklahoma also contributed to the governor's inaugural committee, with a few contributions coming in from outside the state.
Devon Energy contributed $50,000, Chesapeake Energy contributed $10,000 and Continental Resources contributed $10,000. Continental Resources' political action committee also contributed $10,000 and Harold Hamm, the company's CEO, contributed $5,000.
In total, the inaugural committee accepted $37,500 from PACs.
Encana Oil and Gas, of Colorado, sent in $25,000, and $10,000 came in from Marathon Oil, of Texas.
In an unusual move, Oklahoma City investor and philanthropist Sue Ann Arnall contributed $50,000 to Stitt's inaugural committee after being one of the top donors to a PAC that supported Republican gubernatorial candidate Mick Cornett.
The PAC, Oklahoma Values, paid for television ads supporting Cornett and aired an ad attacking the mortgage company Stitt founded. Arnall also contributed to the campaign of Democratic gubernatorial candidate Drew Edmondson.
The committee's largest expense was $897,731 to Eventures Inc., which helped plan the inaugural events.
The committee also paid $191,547 to Jones PR for stationery and printing services and $75,000 for contemporary Christian band MercyMe to perform at Stitt's inaugural ball.
Stitt's inaugural committee donated some leftover funds to various Oklahoma charities, including $121,478 to Friends of the Mansion, which manages the Oklahoma Governor's Mansion.
Stitt held pre-inaugural events in Lawton, Jenks, Tulsa and held his inaugural ball in the Renaissance Grand Ballroom of the Cox Convention Center in Oklahoma City, which cost $208,392 to rent.
Many of the events required attendees to purchase tickets. Tickets to Stitt's inaugural ball were $250 per person, which were at least $100 more than Fallin charged for tickets to either of her inaugural balls. But the higher price for inaugural ball tickets allowed the committee to offer reduced-price family tickets to another inaugural event at the Oklahoma Aquarium in Jenks.
Tickets to Fallin's first inaugural ball were $125 each and $150 each the second time around.
Fallin spent nearly $1.3 million for her first inauguration, which included events in Ponca City, Tulsa and Oklahoma City. She spent $1.1 million for her second inauguration.
The largest single donation to Fallin's last inauguration was $25,000 with seven donors contributing.
Former Gov. Brad Henry spent around $800,000 for each of his inaugurations.
Staff writers Nolan Clay and Chris Casteel contributed to this report.
Gov. Kevin Stitt and his wife, Sarah, arrive at the Pre-inaugural Redbud Ball at the Cox Business Center Saturday, Jan. 12, 2019, in Tulsa. [Mike Simons/Tulsa World]
The biggest donors to Stitt's inauguration fund.
Carmen Forman
Carmen Forman covers the state Capitol and governor's office for The Oklahoman. A Norman native and graduate of the University of Oklahoma, she previously covered state politics in Virginia and Arizona before returning to Oklahoma. Read more ›
CommentsStitt inauguration sets spending record


"What kind of jobs?" Ralph asked.
"Hey, that's work!" Hambone said.
"What're we supposed to be doin'?" Ralph asked.
They all met again in the cafeteria two days later.
about hear it over the racket made by the rest of the crowd.
up, then shut the door as he looked it over. It was from outside.
of growing up to do before we can be happy together.
The weeks crawled by slowly.
basement of the administration building. He often saw Midget there.
lights on the front control panel of his main unit.
used, back behind the main computer room.
people who ran the computer. More important, they got to know him.
taken from the photography class.
Danny got it on film.
of his questions and their answers from SPECS' memory tapes.
The winter snows came and buried the Center in white.
say goodbye... that she don't want me any more.
door and took an asthma pill. Then he went in.
worried-looking any more. Dressed better, too.
She turned as he softly shut the door.
she was in his arms again.
They sat on the sofa and talked for a long time.
"I can and I will!" he snapped.
live without looking over my shoulder to see who's following me.
does. Not a convict who has to run every day and hide every night.
"I'd better go now," Laurie got up from the sofa.
decide. You've got to figure it out straight in your own mind.
"Afraid?" Danny felt his temper boil.
half full, and not as noisy as usual.


New Delhi, Apr 25 (ANI): Afghanistan Ambassador to India Shaida Abdali on Tuesday pitched for strong efforts to dismantle terror groups in the country and informed that among all militant groups functioning, 'Daesh' is the most dangerous and brutal phenomenon. Abdali said that terrorism has badly affected the progress of the entire region and countries must come forward to effectively combat the challenge. He further expressed the need to strengthen the bilateral and defence ties between India and Afghanistan .


Recently I went along to the media launch of the new Rough Cuts collection by Skinny laMinx. It was held at Rivets and Rockets on Bree Street where the raw concrete, wood and metalwork was the perfect backdrop to showcase the new colourful fabric designs by Heather Moore. According to Heather, Rough Cuts is a fabric collection inspired by her love of Scandinavian style, but one that is quite at home in Africa as is evident in the simple geometric prints and earthy colours. The collection consists of five prints called Pebble, Rough Diamond, Brancusi Stripe, Bowls and Woodpile. The Rough Cuts colours include Sunny Sky (blue), Lollipop (coral red), Inkspot (black), Spruce (pale bluey green), Smudge (earthy brown), Pollen, Persimmon (burnt orange), Graphite, Taupe and Lemon Slice. Moore has also teamed up with Binky Newman of Design Afrika who has for many years been designing and sourcing basketry from across Southern Africa and making it available to retailers, locally and abroad. Moore's Scandi inspiration meshes perfectly with Newman's African aesthetic, and the collaboration of using the baskets in the product shoot for Rough Cuts has been a great success. Furthermore, the Skinny laMinx shop in Cape Town will continue to bring North and South together, as a range of baskets and felt weavings from Design Afrika will be for sale alongside the Skinny laMinx range. Visit the Skinny laMinx shop to check out the new Rough Cuts fabric collection at 201 Bree Street, Cape Town. Text and images: Kathryn Rossiter As the author of Becoming You, Kathryn is a mom of two, wife of nine (years that is!), Capetonian, book lover, chocoholic, francophile, magazine addict, prettiness magpie, amateur photographer, jewellery junkie, sometimes gardener, wannabe world traveller (on hold for now), terrible saver, reluctant chef, creative crafter, art film watcher, impatient driver, children's book collector, list maker, saved by grace… She blogs to connect with the world and to remind herself of who she is aside from someone's mom.


GPK has declared the Shewashan light oil discovery commercial and is preparing the Field Development Plan (FDP) for submission to the MNR in accordance with the Khalakan PSC.
Shewashan-1 produced light oil (45API) on test from reservoir zones in the Cretaceous Shiranish, Kometan and Qamchuga formations. The Shewashan-1 well will now be put on production to gather data ahead of the final FDP approval.
Steve Lowden, Director of GPK, said: The Shewashan discovery establishes GPK as a production Operator in the KRG's expanding oil and gas industry and has demonstrated the potential for significant quantities of light oil to complement the country's growing reserves base.


text:
Q: Python Hexbin marginals offset from image produced I have a hopefully simple question.  When using the python hexbin plot option on some spatial data (Ra, and Dec are x and y) I also want to see the marginals on the side.  Happily there is a simple option 'marginals = True'....
Unhappily, as you can see below... the x-axis marginals are visibly offset from the hexagon produced image. I have tried adjusting parameters but the marginals on the x-axis always appear offset to the image (and there never seems to be a problem in y), any ideas would be appreciated. Please see the code and image below, Thanks in advance!
fig5=plt.figure(5)

ax=fig5.add_subplot(111)

imageh=plt.hexbin(Radeg[CoreL],
                  Decdeg[CoreL],
                  extent=[np.min(Radeg[CoreL]), np.max(Radeg[CoreL]), np.min(Decdeg[CoreL]), np.max(Decdeg[CoreL])],
                  alpha=0.7,
                  gridsize=20,
                  marginals=True,
                  vmin=5,
                  vmax=105,
                  cmap=get_cmap("jet"),
                  mincnt=5)

ax.axis([305,275,-40,-25])

cbar=plt.colorbar(imageh,extend='max')

cbar.set_label(r'$\mathrm{Counts}$',fontsize=18)

ax.set_xlabel(r'$\mathrm{RA}$',fontsize=20)

ax.set_ylabel(r'$\mathrm{DEC}$',fontsize=18)

plt.show()

-- per request that I add data to test with..... my data is rather lengthy and unwieldily, but here is a standalone version that illustrates the problem. This is a altered version from 'Hooked' who posted in regard to a different hexbin question.
def generate_data(n):
    """Make random, correlated x & y arrays"""
    points = np.random.multivariate_normal(mean=(0,0),
        cov=[[0.4,9],[9,10]],size=int(n))
    return points

if __name__ =='__main__':

    color_map = plt.cm.Spectral_r
    n = 1e4
    points = generate_data(n)

    xbnds = np.array([-20.0,20.0])
    ybnds = np.array([-20.0,20.0])
    extent = [xbnds[0],xbnds[1],ybnds[0],ybnds[1]]

    fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,9))
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    x, y = points.T
    image = plt.hexbin(x,y,cmap=color_map,gridsize=20,marginals=True,extent=extent,mincnt=1,bins='log')
    ax.set_xlim(xbnds)
    ax.set_ylim(ybnds)
    plt.grid(True)
    cb = plt.colorbar(image,spacing='uniform',extend='max')
    plt.show()

This code gives a similar image, but this time the marginals are offset in the x and y direction, the integral should be just in one direction, over the other variable, i.e. rows and columns. In theory I would expect a marginal on the side for every row and column I have data in.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Celebrate Make Someone Smile Week every day! Klein's Flower Shop & Greenhouse has all the best flowers to make someone smile and laugh or cheer someone up! Klein's Flower Shop & Greenhouse offers a wide selection of flowers online and delivery to Pittsburgh, PA.


Some of the victims of the Mubende land evictions at the Land Commission. Login to license this image from 1$.
The meeting minutes recorded army officer Maj. Eric Kigambwoha with an additional name Mutebi and identified him as a grandson, landlord, and beneficiary of the estate of Zakariya Ssaku Kikonyogo. Kigambwoha was also introduced as a son of a one Henry Kaaya.


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Ice vs Heat: What Helps The Most For Pain?
When should you use ice? When should you use heat? Does it really make a difference?? Anthony Maritato explains some of the science on what we know about the effectiveness of each and shares some practical advice too.
We asked people why they love physical therapy, here's Emily's story. What's yours?
We asked people why they love physical therapy. Here is Erin Jackson with her story. We'd love to hear yours! Erin is now paying it back by helping healthcare providers with her law practice Jackson LLP.


Canadian physicians performing thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) can now achieve even greater levels of control, proximal conformity and apposition with Cook Medical's new Zenith TX2 TAA Endovascular Graft with Pro-Form.
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Bose ElectroForce test instruments provide dynamic performance and precision for a variety of testing applications, including characterization of engineered materials, soft tissues and biomaterials; fatigue testing of components used in industrial and consumer applications; and durability simulation of medical devices, including stents, endovascular grafts and orthopaedic implants.


text:
Observation of molecules produced from a Bose-Einstein condensate
Stephan Dürr, Thomas Volz, Andreas Marte, and Gerhard Rempe Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Molecules are created from a Bose-Einstein condensate of atomic 87Rb using a Feshbach resonance. A Stern-Gerlach field is applied, in order to spatially separate the molecules from the remaining atoms. For detection, the molecules are converted back into atoms, again using the Feshbach resonance. The measured position of the molecules yields their magnetic moment. This quantity strongly depends on the magnetic field, thus revealing an avoided crossing of two bound states at a field value slightly below the Feshbach resonance. This avoided crossing is exploited to trap the molecules in one dimension.
03.75.Nt, 34.50.-s, 33.15.Kr
In recent years, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) has been demonstrated for a variety of atomic species. Creating a BEC of a molecular gas, however, is still an open goal. While cooling a molecular gas is difficult Weinstein et al. (1998) , the creation of a molecular BEC from an atomic BEC seems promising. First experiments in this direction have shown the coupling of BEC atoms to a molecular state using either photo-association Wynar et al. (2000); Gerton et al. (2000); McKenzie et al. (2002) or a Feshbach resonance Donley et al. (2002) . But while these experiments observed atoms disappear, they did not directly detect the molecular fraction. Very recently, the production of cold molecules from a Fermi gas of atoms was reported Regal et al. (2003) , and there, the fraction of molecules could be detected using a spectroscopic technique. Here we report the production of molecules from an atomic BEC using a Feshbach resonance. An alternative observation technique for the molecules is introduced, namely a Stern-Gerlach experiment in which molecules and atoms are spatially separated from each other.
A Feshbach resonance arises from the resonant coupling of an entrance channel to a bound state during a collision. The corresponding potential curves are illustrated in Fig. 1a. For simplicity, only the entrance channel A and one closed channel B are shown. Channel B supports numerous bound states of which only one is indicated. If an appropriate interaction couples the two channels, the collision partners can populate the bound state at small internuclear distance. This population is resonantly enhanced, if the bound-state energy approaches the dissociation threshold. This is called a Feshbach resonance Stwalley (1976); Tiesinga et al. (1993) . In order to tune the system into resonance, the energies of the channels A and B must be shifted with respect to each other. Since their magnetic moments are generally different, this can be achieved by applying a magnetic field. In the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance, elastic and inelastic scattering properties change drastically. Feshbach resonances have been observed experimentally in various alkali atoms Inouye et al. (1998); Courteille et al. (1998); Roberts et al. (1998); Vuletic et al. (1999); Loftus et al. (2002); Khaykovich et al. (2002); Strecker et al. (2002); Marte et al. (2002); Dieckmann et al. (2002); Jochim et al. (2002); O'Hara et al. (2002); Weber et al. (2003) .
A Feshbach resonance offers the intriguing possibility to create cold molecules by using an adiabatic rapid passage. This technique is illustrated in Fig. 1b, where the energy of the dissociation threshold of the entrance channel and the bound-state energy are shown as a function of an applied magnetic field B. The Feshbach resonance occurs at the intersection and can be described in terms of an avoided crossing. When ramping slowly through the avoided crossing, pairs of atoms can be converted adiabatically into molecules. Starting from an atomic BEC, one might even create a molecular BEC. But, the direction of the ramp is crucial. For the situation shown in Fig. 1b, a negative ramp speed (dB/dt<0) is predicted to create a significant population of a molecular BEC, but this is not the case for a positive ramp speed van Abeelen and Verhaar (1999); Timmermans et al. (1999); Mies et al. (2000); Yurovsky and Ben-Reuven (2003); mac . Therefore, a negative ramp speed is chosen in the experiment.
The magnitude of the ramp speed is, of course, a crucial parameter in an adiabatic rapid passage. With a fast ramp, the conversion is no longer adiabatic, thus creating only few molecules. With a slow ramp, however, the finite lifetime of the states involved becomes an issue. In the system under investigation here, the molecules are in a highly excited vibrational state which is probably short-lived, because a collision with an atom or another molecule is likely to be inelastic. Therefore a complete conversion of an atomic BEC into molecules is generally difficult and not achieved in this experiment. Such a ramp has also been applied to a degenerate gas of fermionic atoms Regal et al. (2003); cub and to a BEC of 85Rb hod .
The experiment described here uses bosonic atoms and begins with the preparation of a BEC of 87Rb atoms that is then transferred into a crossed dipole trap, as described in detail in Refs. Marte et al. (2002); Volz et al. (2003) . Typical atom numbers each in the BEC and in the surrounding thermal cloud are 105, leading to a peak density of 2×1014 cm−3 at trap frequencies of 2π×(50,120,170) Hz. The atoms populate the spin state |f,mf⟩=|1,1⟩, in which a Feshbach resonance occurs at 1007.40 G Volz et al. (2003) . Next, a homogeneous magnetic field of ∼1008 G is applied. During the turn on of this field, the system crosses the Feshbach resonance at such a large ramp speed (∼40 G/ms) that the resonance has little effect on the atoms.
Figure 1: Theory of Feshbach resonances. (a) Molecular potentials involved in a Feshbach resonance. Potential A corresponds to the entrance channel and potential B to a closed channel of the scattering process. Potential B supports a bound state (solid straight line), to which the incoming wave function can couple. The energy of an incoming pair of cold atoms is very close to the dissociation threshold (dotted line). For ΔE→0, the population of the bound state is resonantly enhanced. (b) Creation of cold molecules using a Feshbach resonance. The energy of the dissociation threshold and the molecular bound state are shown as a function of magnetic field (solid lines). An atomic BEC can be converted into molecules using an adiabatic rapid passage. The experiment uses a negative ramp speed (dB/dt<0), as indicated by the arrow. For positive ramp speed, the existence of non-condensate states of atom pairs (dotted lines) would prevent the build-up of a large molecular fraction.
Next, the dipole trap is switched off and the rest of the experimental sequence takes place with the particles in free flight. The magnetic field is now ramped more slowly (typically −1 G/ms) through the Feshbach resonance in order to create molecules. The field is held at a certain value Bhold for 3 ms. During this time, an additional Stern-Gerlach field is applied with a typical magnetic-field gradient of 23 G/cm. This extra field accelerates the atoms and molecules differently because of the difference in their magnetic moments. The Stern-Gerlach field is then turned off and the magnetic field is ramped back to ∼1008 G at a slow ramp speed of typically 1 G/ms. This converts some (or all) molecules back to atoms. The magnetic field is then turned off completely, again crossing the resonance so rapidly that this has little effect. The atoms fly freely for another 3 ms, to allow the two clouds to separate further in space. Finally, an absorption image is taken with laser light that is near-resonant with an atomic transition. Atoms that were converted into molecules but never converted back cannot be seen with this technique.
Figure 2: (Color online) (a) Image of two atomic clouds. The right cloud was temporarily converted into molecules. A Stern-Gerlach field was applied to separate the molecules (right) from the remaining atoms (left). The molecules were converted back into atoms for imaging. The size of the image is 1.3×0.34 mm. (b) Reference image without application of the Stern-Gerlach field.
Experimental results for Bhold=1005.2 G are shown in Fig. 2a, where two clearly separated atom clouds are visible. With the Stern-Gerlach field applied, the magnetic field decreases from left to right in this figure. For reference, the atomic distribution obtained without the Stern-Gerlach field is shown in Fig. 2b. Therefore, the cloud on the left/right in Fig. 2a must have been in a high/low-field seeking state during application of the Stern-Gerlach field. Hence, the right cloud shows atoms that were converted into low-field seeking molecules during the first crossing of the Feshbach resonance and converted back when ramping back. The left cloud, however, consisted of high-field seeking atoms throughout the whole experiment.
With decreasing speed of the molecule-creation ramp, the number of molecules first increases and then saturates for ramp speeds slower than ∼2 G/ms. With such slow ramps, the right cloud contains ∼7 % of the initial atom number, the left cloud contains ∼30 %. The rest of the atoms is missing. This atom loss is ∼3 orders of magnitude faster than expected from the previously measured three-body loss coefficient at the resonance Marte et al. (2002) . The missing fraction of ∼63 % might have been lost due to inelastic collisions (presumably after conversion into molecules) or might have been converted into molecules and not converted back to atoms, thus remaining invisible during detection. The latter seems unlikely, because when varying the ramp that converts molecules back to atoms, the back-converted atom number shows no significant dependence on the ramp speed in the range between 0.3 and 5 G/ms.
If the conversion to molecules is performed before release from the dipole trap, the observed number of molecules is reduced by a factor of ∼1.8. This might be due to faster inelastic collision rates at the high densities in the trap. In the experiment, the cloud is therefore allowed to expand after turning off the dipole trap. After an expansion time of typically 2 to 7 ms, the molecules are produced. This expansion is estimated to reduce the atomic density by a factor between 5 and 70 as compared to the in-trap situation. The observed number of molecules shows no strong density dependence over this range. At first glance, this seems to rule out inelastic collisions as the dominant factor that limits the molecule creation efficiency. However, at reduced density a slower ramp is needed to associate molecules efficiently. This in turn requires more time to be spent during the ramp, therefore allowing for more loss due to inelastic collisions. It is thus not clear, whether a reduced density is expected to achieve an overall improvement in the observed number of molecules. We therefore think that inelastic collisions are the most likely candidate for explaining the small conversion efficiency.
The displacement of the clouds induced by application of the Stern-Gerlach field can be used to extract the magnetic moment of the particles. This displacement is proportional to the force →F=−(dE/dB)×∇|→B| exerted by the Stern-Gerlach field. Here, E is the energy of the atomic and molecular state, respectively (see Fig. 1b). Note that dE/dB is related to the magnetic moment of the particles. For the atoms, the extracted experimental value of dE/dB is independent of Bhold and agrees well with the expectation from the Breit-Rabi formula.
Figure 3: Avoided crossing. (a) Energy as a function of magnetic field. The binding energy of the highest-lying bound state in potential A with respect to the dissociation threshold in potential A is h×24 MHz, independent of the magnetic field. The bound state supported by potential B crosses both these energies. The highest-lying bound state is crossed at 1001.7 G, leading to an avoided crossing. The dissociation threshold is crossed at 1007.4 G creating the Feshbach resonance. The energy splitting in the avoided crossing at 1001.7 G is 13 MHz and therefore much larger than the splitting of the Feshbach resonance crossing, which is not visible on this scale. (b) Derivative dE/dB of the upper branch of the avoided crossing. Experimental data for the molecules (circles) extracted from images, such as Fig. 2a, are compared with the theory (solid line) that contains no free fit parameters.
Figure 4: (Color online) Oscillation of molecules. According to Fig. 3, the molecules are 1001.7-G seekers. With a magnetic field gradient applied in the horizontal direction, the molecules oscillate around a point in space where the magnetic field equals 1001.7 G. The images were recorded for a series of different durations of the Stern-Gerlach field, ranging from 0 to 18 ms (top to bottom). The observed oscillation frequency of 56 Hz agrees well with theory. The anisotropic expansion of the molecular cloud is due to the fact that the one-dimensional trapping potential prevents the cloud from expanding in the horizontal direction. The atomic cloud (top left) is simply accelerated on a parabola. The size of each image is 1.7×0.24 mm.
For the molecules, however, Fig. 3b displays a pronounced dependence of dE/dB on Bhold. This magnetic-field dependence is due to the presence of the highest-lying bound state in entrance channel A. Theoretical results van for the energy of this state are shown in Fig. 3a. At a field value of 1001.7 G, this bound state crosses the bound state in potential B that becomes populated when ramping across the Feshbach resonance. Due to the exchange interaction, this is an avoided crossing, in which the molecules adiabatically follow the upper branch. The derivative dE/dB of this upper branch is shown in Fig. 3b. The good agreement between theory and experiment clearly proves that molecules are created in the expected ro-vibrational level.
When a molecule passes through the upper branch of the avoided crossing, its vibrational quantum number changes from -5 to -1 (counting from threshold). Correspondingly, the size of the molecule, i.e. the outer turning point of the vibrational state of the nuclei, changes by a factor of ∼3.
The reversal of the sign of dE/dB visible in Fig. 3b makes the molecules 1001.7-G seekers, instead of the usual high- or low-field seekers. This can be exploited to trap the molecules by applying an inhomogeneous magnetic field. In the presence of a magnetic-field gradient, the quadratic dependence of E(B) in Fig. 3a creates a harmonic confinement for the molecules. The resulting harmonic oscillation is shown in Fig. 4 for a gradient of 100 G/cm with the molecules initially prepared at 1003.2 G. This corresponds to a one-dimensional trap for molecules. In principle, such a trap could work in three dimensions. Note that this is very different from a standard magnetic trap, where usually low-field seeking particles are trapped at a minimum of |→B|. Here, the molecules are trapped at a specific value of |→B|, which is not a minimum of the field configuration.
In conclusion, the Stern-Gerlach technique used here proves that molecules are created in the expected ro-vibrational level. The measured magnetic moment of the molecules reveals an avoided crossing and agrees well with theory. The avoided crossing is used to trap the molecules in one dimension. Future experiments will aim on the creation of a larger fraction of molecules, investigate heating mechanisms that occur during the magnetic field ramps, and develop tools to investigate the coherence properties of the molecular cloud.
Similar experiments are currently being carried out with a BEC of Cs Herbig et al. (2003) . After submission of this manuscript we learned that related experiments were performed with Na xu: and fermionic 6Li joc ; Strecker et al. (2003) .
We thank S. Ernst for assistance with the experiment, and E. van Kempen and B. Verhaar for providing numerical results. This work was supported by the European-Union Network "Cold Quantum Gases".
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text:
President Bush Again Praises PA's Abbas For "Confronting" Terror While Abbas Declares Death Of Terrorist Chief Habash As A "Great Loss"
The Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) is disappointed President George W. Bush once again praised Palestinian Authority (PA) president Mahmoud Abbas as a moderate who opposes and fights terrorism, even as Abbas' PA was observing a three day period of official mourning for the death of the founder and former leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) George Habash. Abbas also praised Habash as an "historic leader" and ordered PA flags to fly at half-mast (USA Today, January 26, 2008). Abbas said in a statement, "The death of this historic leader is a great loss for the Palestinian cause and for the Palestinian people for whom he fought for 60 years" (Daily Star [Beirut], January 28, 2008). Abbas' own PLO Mission in the U.S. also issued a public statement praising Habash as a great Palestinian leader and mourning his loss. Yet, President Bush claimed in his State of the Union address that, "Palestinians have elected a president who recognizes that confronting terror is essential to achieving a state where his people can live in dignity and at peace with Israel" ('President Bush Delivers State of the Union Address,' January 28, 2008).
Habash was a veteran Palestinian terrorist leader and head of an organization which to this day is openly committed to destroying Israel as a Jewish state and who had on his hands the blood of hundreds of innocent Jewish lives. Habash's PFLP has been responsible for numerous acts of terrorism, including the 1970 blowing up of Swissair flight bound for Israel, killing all 47 people on board; the 1970 hijacking of three civilian airliners, including a Pan Am airliner, to Jordan; the 1972 massacre of 27 Israelis at Israel's Lod (later Ben Gurion) Airport; the 1976 hijacking of an Air France airliner to Entebbe; the 2001 assassination of Israeli Tourism Minister Rechavam Ze'evi and several suicide bombings in Israel in recent years.
Mahmoud Abbas in his own words:
On recognizing Israel: "It is not required of Hamas, or of Fatah, or of the Popular Front to recognize Israel" (Al-Arabiya [Dubai] and PA TV, October 3, 2006).
Fighting Israel: "We have a legitimate right to direct our guns against Israeli occupation … Our rifles, all our rifles are aimed at The Occupation" (Jerusalem Post, January 11, 2007; Independent Media & Review Analysis, January 12, 2007).
On Jews: "The sons of Israel are corrupting humanity on earth" (World Net Daily, January 11, 2007).
On Israel: "the Zionist enemy" (Associated Press, January 4, 2005; CNN.com, January 7, 2005).
On suicide bombers: "Allah loves the martyr" (Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2005).
On wanted Palestinian terrorists: "heroes fighting for freedom" (Age [Melbourne], January 3, 2005); "Israel calls them murderers, we call them strugglers" (Jerusalem Post, December 25, 2004).
On Palestinian terrorist leaders Yasser Arafat, Hamas' Ahmad Yassin and Abdel Aziz Rantisi and Palestinian Islamic Jihad's Fathi Shikaki: "martyrs" (Palestinian Media Center , September 9, 2005)
On Hamas: "We must unite the Hamas and Fatah blood in the struggle against Israel as we did at the beginning of the intifada. We want a political partnership with Hamas" (Jerusalem Post, February 5, 2007).
On Yasser Arafat: "It is our duty to implement the principles of Yasser Arafat" (Haaretz, January 3, 2005); "We will continue in the path of the late president until we fulfill all his dreams" (Agence France-Presse, November 11, 2005); "The Palestinian leadership won't stray from Arafat's path" (Yediot Ahronot, November 11, 2006)
On disarming Palestinian terrorists: a "red line" that must not be crossed (Washington Times, January 3, 2005)
On jailed Palestinian terrorists: "our heroes." (Israel National News, May 26, 2006).
On the so-called 'right of return' of Palestinian refugees and their millions of descendants which, if implemented would end Israel as a Jewish state: "The issue of the refugees is non-negotiable" (Jerusalem Post, January 11, 2007).
On the Lebanese terrorist group Hizballah: A source of pride and sets an example for the "Arab resistance" (Jerusalem Post, August 6, 2006).
Saddam Hussein: "Saddam Hussein has entered history as a symbol of Pan-Arab nationalism" (Independent Media Review and Analysis , December 31, 2006).
Mahmoud Abbas' acts:
Holocaust denial: He wrote a PhD thesis and published a book denying the Holocaust.
Terrorist group Fatah: He co-founded with arch-terrorist Yasser Arafat the terrorist group Fatah, whose Constitution to this day calls for the destruction of Israel (Article 12) and the use of terrorism against Israelis as an indispensable part of the struggle to achieve that goal (Article 19).
Funding terrorism: as senior PLO official, he funded the Munich massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes in 1972.
Terror & incitement to violence: He has refused to implement the signed Oslo agreements and the 2003 Roadmap peace plan which requires him to fight, arrest, extradite and jail terrorists and confiscate their weaponry and end the incitement to hatred and murder in the PA-controlled media, mosques, schools and youth camps that feeds it.
Terrorists' plan for more violence: In May 2006, he endorsed the so-called 'Prisoners' Plan', a document produced by jailed Palestinian terrorists, that endorses continued terrorism against Israel, legitimizes the murder of Jews, does not accept Israel's existence as a Jewish state, abrogates Palestinian obligations under the signed Oslo agreements and the 2003 Roadmap peace plan, and insists on the 'right of return.'
Money for suicide bombers' families: In December 2005, he approved legislation mandating financial benefits to be paid to families of killed Palestinian terrorists.
Despite this woeful record of extremism, President Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice have repeatedly praised Abbas for moderation and peace-making:
President Bush: "I strongly support the creation of a Palestinian state. I believe it's in the interests of the Palestinian people, I believe it's in the interests of Israel to have a democracy living side-by — democracies living side-by-side in peace. And the fundamental question that I ask is, is their leadership that share the vision and are willing to work hard to achieve the vision? And if the answer to that question is yes, the United States of America will be a strong partner in implementing the vision. I have known the President for quite a while. I am convinced that he is dedicated to the formation of a Palestinian democracy that will live in peace with their neighbor, Israel … I appreciate the fact that you're fighting the extremists who don't share the same kind of view. And I believe that the vision of two states, side-by-side in peace, is achievable." ('Bush statement with Abbas at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York,' New York, September 24, 2007).
Secretary Rice: "I want everyone to know, particularly the Palestinian people, how much we admire the leadership of President Abbas as a leader of the Palestinian people … we've made a lot of progress over recent years in particular because of the hard work of President Abbas" ( 'Press Availability with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas,' January 12, 2007).
President Bush: "I fully understand that in order to achieve this [peace] vision, there must be leaders willing to speak out and act on behalf of people who yearn for peace, and you are such a leader, Mr. President. I can't thank you enough for the courage you have shown" (Meeting with Abbas in New York, 'President Bush Meets with President Abbas of the Palestinian Authority,' Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York, September 20, 2006).
President Bush: "President Abbas is committed to peace" (Address to UN General Assembly, 'President Bush Addresses United Nations General Assembly,' New York, September 19, 2006).
Secretary Rice: "I want to take this opportunity to commend President Abbas and his leadership as well as that of his government for their ongoing efforts to enforce the rule of law in the West Bank and in Gaza. These efforts demonstrate the Palestinian leadership's commitment to ensuring security and tracking down those who perpetrate violent attacks that only delay the achievement of a Palestinian state. There is much work to be done, but President Abbas has taken these actions with the active support of all those in the region and the international community to support a future of peace" (Press conference with Abbas, 'Remarks Following Meeting with President Mahmoud Abbas,' Ramallah, July 23, 2005).
ZOA National President Morton A. Klein said, "It is disappointing that President Bush could have uttered his latest words of praise for Abbas at the very moment that Abbas had declared throughout the PA a three-day period of official mourning for a bloodthirsty terrorist with a long history of massacring scores of civilians in mid-air and on the ground.
"Why does the President and Secretary of State speak of his courage, commitment to peace and progress? To what courage, commitment to peace or progress are they referring? Abbas certainly has not implemented the signed Oslo agreements and the 2003 Roadmap peace plan which requires him to fight, arrest, extradite and jail terrorists and confiscate their weaponry and end the incitement to hatred and murder in the PA-controlled media, mosques, schools and youth camps that feeds it. He has not renamed the streets, schools and sports teams that have been named in honor of suicide bombers and other mass murderers of Israelis. He has not put Israel in the official maps, atlases and textbooks published by or used in the PA.
"Abbas' record of words and deeds cannot actually surprise anyone except those who willfully ignore his record. Denying or ignoring it displays the same short-sighted attitude that has been responsible for the many failures of the Oslo process and beyond, especially the constant ignoring of PA violations of signed agreements and the continuing terrorism and incitement to hatred and murder within the PA. The ZOA has noted before that, in this mad rush to set up a Palestinian Arab state, the U.S. is ignoring the plain evidence of Mahmoud Abbas and Fatah's unreconstructed extremism and to proclaim a terror-sponsoring entity that educates its children for 'martyrdom' and mass murder as a group of peace-seeking moderates. No matter what Abbas' PA does — whether funding Hamas military personnel; appointing terrorists to senior commands , glorifying terrorists in the PA media , naming PA institutions after terrorists, shielding wanted terrorists in Abbas' presidential compound; approving legislation providing for funds for the family's of dead terrorists — the Bush Administration has continued to call Abbas and the PA moderates.
"We call upon the Bush Administration to reconsider its misplaced praise of Abbas and the PA regime and start telling the truth about Mahmoud Abbas; to cut all ties with him and the PA and to cease discussing any plans for rewards and concessions to the PA until it rescinds the Fatah Constitution, acts on its 14-year old commitments to fight, jail and extradite terrorists and end the incitement to hatred and murder of Israelis in the PA-controlled media, mosques, schools and youth camps that feeds terrorism."


Only a few of my young acquaintances work with the government at the national or state level. Those who work in the areas of policy, strategy, monitoring and evaluation, and research are even fewer. Youngsters either don't pursue the education which moulds them into suitable resources for governments or simply don't see employment with the government as a promising career option. I believe this has to change. On the demand side, governments in India need fresh and contemporary ideas more than ever and youngsters need to be aware of the attractive career options available with the government. On the supply side, we need more courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels which create professionals for the government.
This post is about my work. I hope this will give some kind of an insight for youngsters into working with the government. I work with a state government, so the insights I can give are limited to this level.
I work with the Vision Management Unit (VMU), a part of the Andhra Pradesh State Development Planning Society, which is a part of the Planning Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. The VMU is headed by the Secretary, Planning department, a bureaucrat. My unit majorly works on Andhra Pradesh's Vision 2029: the state aspires to become one of the three best states in India by 2022 and the best by 2029. We're a team of 20-odd youngsters who work in one or two sectors of their interest. Currently, the sectors in which we work are agriculture, water and sanitation, industry, governance, public finance, technology and innovation, social development, infrastructure, environment and sustainability, urban development, health, and education.
On policy and strategy, we draft strategies to achieve the Vision goals and targets, undertake research studies to situate the state on the global landscape, propose amendments to Acts for better efficiency, and conduct multi-stakeholder problem-solving exercises. On monitoring and evaluation, we are part of a bigger team which drafts the quarterly reports for the state and monitors its performance based on a range of indicators. We'd worked on the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals and are working on the new framework of Sustainable Development Goals.
What's the kind of skill set which a unit like the VMU requires its staff to have? In my experience and understanding, the interest in and knack to read, understand, comprehend, and write comes first. Presentation skills, both oral and on slides, matter. One must be able to read a 200-page report, extract its core messages, identify key takeaways from it for the state, and pen them down in less than 500 pages or present them in one slide. The point is not to make a summary of the report, but to propose what can be done in and for the state based on the insights from the report/ paper. People management and communications skills also come in handy, as meetings with government officials at different levels, from the Chief Secretary to village officials, happen often. Sometimes, one has to do the work, sometimes one has to get the work done by someone else. Data analysis skills help when working with large data sets, such as the Census or National Sample Survey Organization's survey data.
A lot of people have the urge to make an impact on the society in their mind when they consider working with the government. In my experience, one has to understand that the work that you do today might have an impact tomorrow, one month later, one year down the line, or after five years. For instance, if one works on a new policy, it might take a few years to see it bear the fruit. On the other hand, if one contributes to issuing a Government Order, the change happens the next day after the Order is issued.
Salary? Neither bad nor lucrative, to be honest, for someone with social science or public policy background. MBAs from reputed institutions are (have to be) paid as per industry standards. However, as there are not many youngsters with work experience with the government, there will be a bunch of lucrative opportunities for those who stay on and learn. For instance, the World Bank, the UN, consultancies such as EY and KPMG work with governments, pay well and will need qualified professionals at any point in time. So do research organisations.
What next? After a stint with the government, one has the option to move on to consultancies and research organisations. PhD in areas of development studies, public policy, governance etc. is also a great option. Like I said, as there are not many youngsters who get to work with the government in the areas of policy, governance, strategy etc., a PhD candidate with that kind of experience under her belt stands a decent chance even at the best research schools in the world.
Working with the government is a different ballgame altogether. I'm not saying the best, but different. Best for different persons is different. The way it works is a lot different from the private, corporate world setting. Sacred hierarchies, confidential information on your desk, and chances to meet, interact, and work with important persons are included in the package. However, like any other employer, the government too demands hard work, learning, and commitment from professionals for them to go all the way.
For more on the VMU and Andhra Pradesh's Vision 2029, click here.


text:
package br.pucrio.opus.smells.tests.visitor;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.CompilationUnit;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.FieldDeclaration;
import org.eclipse.jdt.core.dom.MethodDeclaration;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import br.pucrio.opus.smells.ast.visitors.LocalFieldAccessCollector;
import br.pucrio.opus.smells.ast.visitors.FieldDeclarationCollector;
import br.pucrio.opus.smells.ast.visitors.PublicMethodCollector;
import br.pucrio.opus.smells.tests.util.CompilationUnitLoader;

public class FieldAccessCollectorTest {

	private CompilationUnit compilationUnit;

	private List<MethodDeclaration> publicMethods;

	private List<FieldDeclaration> fields;

	private MethodDeclaration findMethodByName(String name) {
		for (MethodDeclaration decls : publicMethods) {
			if (decls.getName().toString().equals(name)) {
				return decls;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws IOException{
		File file = new File("test/br/pucrio/opus/smells/tests/dummy/FieldAccessedByMethod.java");
		this.compilationUnit = CompilationUnitLoader.getCompilationUnit(file);

		FieldDeclarationCollector fieldCollector = new FieldDeclarationCollector();
		compilationUnit.accept(fieldCollector);
		this.fields = fieldCollector.getNodesCollected();

		PublicMethodCollector visitor = new PublicMethodCollector();
		compilationUnit.accept(visitor);
		this.publicMethods = visitor.getNodesCollected();
	}

	@Test
	public void methodXFieldAccessesTest() {
		MethodDeclaration declaration = findMethodByName("x");
		LocalFieldAccessCollector visitor = new LocalFieldAccessCollector(this.fields);
		declaration.accept(visitor);
		List<FieldDeclaration> accesses = visitor.getNodesCollected();
		Assert.assertEquals(3, accesses.size());
	}

	@Test
	public void methodYFieldAccessesTest() {
		MethodDeclaration declaration = findMethodByName("y");
		LocalFieldAccessCollector visitor = new LocalFieldAccessCollector(this.fields);
		declaration.accept(visitor);
		List<FieldDeclaration> accesses = visitor.getNodesCollected();
		Assert.assertEquals(1, accesses.size());
	}

	@Test
	public void methodZFieldAccessesTest() {
		MethodDeclaration declaration = findMethodByName("z");
		LocalFieldAccessCollector visitor = new LocalFieldAccessCollector(this.fields);
		declaration.accept(visitor);
		List<FieldDeclaration> accesses = visitor.getNodesCollected();
		Assert.assertEquals(2, accesses.size());
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


factors in treatment response of this group of patients.
macoresistant major depression, 63 of them finished the study.
relative change was discrimination experience (ISMI).
improve its perspective of treatment.
family, which can lead to exhaustion and depression.
there was no significant difference between the two age groups.
which can have a serious impact on the whole family well-being.


text:
ADVENTUROUS JOURNEYS SPAIN
We can make your hiking dream in Spain a reality
GR20 in 2020
PH: Mallorca Local Expert
Hands On: Suunto A-30 baseplate compass
Compasses aren't the most exciting piece of kit, or the most expensive, but, with a good map and the skill to use both together, they can be the most valuable tool an adventurer can carry, whether hiking, camping, mountaineering or otherwise enjoying the great outdoors.
As regular hikers, and delivering Duke of Edinburgh's Award expedition training on a daily basis, we are frequent users of the ubiquitous baseplate compass and have taught many others how to use them effectively to navigate their own adventurous journeys. By default, though, we use Silva. Why? Well, I suppose the Silva Ranger is so well known that recommending it is almost a reflex reaction. DofE and Scout troop leaders the world over likely do the same. It has never let us down and we've had no reason to doubt its capabilities.
However, we were recently sent a free tester sample of the Suunto A-30 baseplate compass, courtesy of our friends at Access Expedition Kit - specialists in supplying camping and expedition equipment to schools and outdoor groups.
Suunto is a long-renowned and respected Finnish manufacturer of many navigational devices, recently becoming a common name in the world of sports wearables and activity trackers. Their compasses aren't something we've tried before. We were intrigued.
We asked Iain, Product Advisor at Access Kit, why they are selling the Suunto in direct competition with the Silva Ranger, at the same price, and include the Suunto in their pre-packaged leader kit bundles, rather than any of the four different Silva models they stock. Here's what he told us:
"We have been selling only the Silva brand for over 20 years, and they've obviously been the market leader in the UK. Their quality was always great when produced in Sweden, however they switched production to China and a lot of our customers are getting so many fail… mostly bubbles and de-polarising. This caused us to bring in an alternative brand as a test. The Suunto is still made in Finland."
So, although we hadn't noticed any quality issues with Silvas ourselves, we have to admit we don't personally own any manufactured in recent years. Access Kit say they listen carefully to feedback from their clients - real world users of the kit they sell - and we've found this to be evident in the Endurance branded tents and rucksacks which Access have developed specifically for their market of schools and youth groups. Many clever and thoughtful design tweaks, clearly based on user experience, have made the Endurance equipment better suited to use by inexperienced teenagers than standard off the shelf products. We'll be reviewing some samples shortly.
The Suunto arrived in the standard plastic blister-pack. We understand the marketing practicalities but big manufacturers really should cut plastics in their packaging and use recycled card instead.
Inside were:
A red and white reflective lanyard
A black plastic lanyard clip
A reasonably good set of basic usage instructions
A Suunto sticker
No frills, really, but what more could we expect? The sticker went straight on my flask with all the brand self-promotion stickers I've received in other product packaging. I spent a moment glancing over the instructions. Basic introduction to the key functions of a baseplate compass. I wouldn't use them for training my DofE Bronze participants but they might be handy as a pocket-able refresher crib sheet for a Gold team.
Straight out of the packet the compass itself feels like a decent piece of equipment. Any reasonably priced compass is going to be an item to handle with some degree of care but the A-30 feels like it could be thoughtlessly shoved in a rucksack pocket or swung, bouncing around a neck all day long without having to worry it might suddenly fall apart.
No bells and whistles here but there is everything we would need - measuring scales for centimeters, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000. There's the standard circle and triangle stencil cutouts and a large magnifier. We rarely use the magnifier for the 1:25,000 Editorial Alpina maps we work with daily, not even noticing it's there most of the time, but that's on a Silva Ranger, or similar. This magnifier seems noticeably bigger and we found we wanted to use it because doing so was easier as a result.
We immediately noticed the red print on the baseplate scales and arrow. Time will tell but this seemed instinctively better than the black text standard to Silvas. Baseplate compasses are designed to sit on top of a map, with a transparent base to show the map features below. Red text seems like it will stand out better from the map behind than black, hence being easier to see. Similarly, the black letters and numbers for bearings stand out clearly on the white bezel background. The design seems simple and uncluttered compared with the Silva Ranger (not that it's exactly a frenzy of crazy patterning on that compass either), which seems very conducive to using this for beginners. We did notice the lack of vertical guide lines or a long directional arrow. Whilst we teach students to line up the edge of the baseplate with the grid lines on their maps, they often reference the long, vertical printed lines when moving the compass across the map. Lastly, a number of (genuinely) glow in the dark paint spots help usefully in low light situations.
The included lanyard is nearly as basic as they come. Many Silva models come with a fancy lanyard that has the measuring scale printed along it. We like those for measuring curving footpaths on maps. The Suunto's is just a piece of red, thin nylon cord with some white reflective patterning. Tie the two ends in your preferred knot to make a loop and then... and then... well... we must confess we had to confirm how to connect the lanyard to the compass, via the black plastic clip, with the aid of a video on the Suunto Youtube channel. For the record, we were doing it right, it just didn't feel right. Still doesn't. The lanyard clips in to a very thin plastic hook inside the clip. Why this isn't a loop we're not sure. It doesn't feel secure enough. The other end of the clip then pushes on to the corresponding hole on the compass - made easier by gently squeezing the clip to open the jaws slightly. It seems that this design is to enable quick and easy unclipping of the lanyard so that the compass can be used more than 3 inches from your face, without having to untangle it from around your neck. This is a good feature for a sensible adult hiker. For us, we see a weak point in a piece of gear we'd be considering for use by novices. Teenaged novices, largely. It will be pulled. It will come off. It might snap. Losses and drops ensue. If bulk buying these for teaching participants, we'd bin the black plastic clips right out of the packet and tie the lanyard straight through the baseplate hole.
Overall the Suunto A-30 is a compass which feels like it has been well made. It's a plastic product but there are no unpleasantly sharp edges, the foot curves upward nicely so it can sit flat on a map with the lanyard attached and the top corners aren't so sharp that they become a potential 'shank', unlike many cheaper options. Close examination revealed that the bezel attaches to and rotates around the mount with a number of plastic clips, unlike the copper ring clip used on most Silva compass models, but this is simply an observation, at this stage.
So, have we been won over to the dark side, seduced away from a life of Silva compasses? Well, we haven't really used it yet. We haven't taken it out in the real world. Our one attempt to get an opinion from some DofE participants resulted in grunts to the effect of, "izza compass innit, right?"
The lack of fuss, simplicity and clear to read text, along with an overall sense of dependability mean than we'll leave any other compasses at home for a while and take this up to the Sierra de Tramuntana, or wherever else we go adventuring, then we'll report back here. Watch this space...
Have you used this compass? What do you think of it? Are you a die-hard Silva fan or have you suffered quality issues with Silvas in recent years? Have you a preferred compass model you think beats everything else? Join in on the comments below.
Access Expedition Kit sent us a bundle of free samples we had requested to test their gear. They included the Suunto A-30 as an unsolicited free sample for us to try out, in return for feedback. We receive no incentive for writing this post and have no obligation to either Access Expedition Kit or Suunto.
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(edited November 2020)