text:
Anyone missing James McAvoy's Glaswegian accent?
Cos it is very likely that you, like me, will go: 'Aaaarrrrggggggghhhhh!!! Jaaaames!!!' when you see this clip about manners during the Regency period:
And how the cricket was actually not popular in Ireland and Scotland, despite being a favourite sport in UK:
Also, Willow has posted the Becoming Jane cricket scene in YouTube.
Thank you Artisan News Service and Willow for the YouTube videos! By the way, James is bulkier, eh? Must be that 'Wanted' movie! And James is sooo cute and funny in both interview sessions!
Labels: Interviews, Trailers and DVD
Downloading music of 'Becoming Jane'
Just a short article here friends, particularly for those residing outside the United States (like me, Rachel and Michelle) and hence cannot access the Becoming Jane music scores from Walmart and other companies that provide downloaded version of music in Becoming Jane. Particularly the beloved Hole in the Wall by Purcell.
What you need to do is to have Freecorder software that will record any sounds from the internet as you enter one site. It means that you can watch YouTube and download the music from the site as they play. As I type, I am downloading the famous background music of the Becoming Jane US Official Site in MP3 format, so I can play it over and over offline!
So you have to download Freecorder or similar software first. I got mine in the same package with FLV player (that's the software to play FLV files you download from YouTube to watch videos online) from www.savevideodownload.com. The site will tell you to download the FLV player. As you download the player, make sure that you click the option for Freecorder that comes with the software, and embed it with your Mozilla Firefox or Internet Explorer. I'm sure that you can find a site to download Freecorder without downloading the FLV player, but I find having them both useful, so I download both anyway.
Later, you will have an additional toolbar in your IE or Firefox, with the record, stop, play and pause buttons. Punch 'record' if you want to record anything from the internet, and click stop when you're hit full… I mean, when you're done with it. It's MP3 file, I don't think many will have problems with that.
Have fun then!
Mansfield Park part 3: Drama in the MP drama
Phew! Finally, my seminar was over, and I can give Jane and Tom more attentions they deserve. First, news. Rachel is off to Africa for a very interesting voluntary project for three weeks; take care dearest Rachel, and let's wish her all the best, great adventure and safe return. Now, back to MP. The second part of Mansfield Park was about astronomy and a bit of marriage. For this third instalment, we're mostly going to talk about the drama within the drama in MP. I am also pleased to say that most of the ideas in this post are Michelle's; she was the first one who threw the idea of a hidden drama beneath the theatrical episodes in MP, and I helped her polishing the ideas. Bear with us, it's gonna be a looong post. By the way, I'm using the 2003 Penguin edition of Mansfield Park.
Christmas, again
Before arriving to the drama within the drama in MP, allow me to look back at Chapter 9 (p. 83), where our hero Edmund Bertram said this to Mary Crawford:
EB: "Yes, I shall take orders soon after my father's return – probably at Christmas."
After learning of Anthony Lefroy, I tend to see the 'take orders' in this sentence as Tom Lefroy's responsibility to take 'appropriate action' by marrying Mary Paul to save his family. I'm not sure about 'my father' reference (i.e. Sir Thomas Bertram), but indeed we cannot help noticing that such a change would happen at Christmas. Again, Jane Austen placed Christmas (a very important holiday for her) as a very important date in Mansfield Park, not only for the regular reunion between Fanny Price and her brother William, but also as a very important day for Edmund Bertram.
Drama in the drama
Now, the drama. The theatre episodes in MP covers chapter 12 to 18. Seven chapters just to cover a private play in Mansfield Park… don't you think it's a bit too much? Michelle got suspicious of this, and she dug more to find that the MP theatrical episodes was actually Jane Austen's codes for what happened between her and Tom Lefroy, with Anthony Lefroy as the main supporting cast. The theatre itself was titled Lovers' Vows, a free adaptation of August von Kotzebue's The Natural Child by Elizabeth Inchbald; exceedingly renowned in London, and many fashionable resorts (including Bath) between 1798 and 1805.
LV was about a poor woman called Agatha who encountered Frederick (her long-lost, illegitimate son). They eventually resided in a cottage (as helpers, I presume) owned by Baron Wildenhaim, whom Agatha later recognized as her former seducer. The story also evolved to introduce other characthers, namely Amelia (Wildenhaim's daughter), Anhalt (a chaplain and Amelia's spiritual adviser) and Count Cassel (Amelia's supposed fiancée, rich but of course boring). Expectedly, for such a story, Amelia fell in love with Anhalt instead, and later, after Baron found out that Frederick was actually his son, he was forced to make amends and allowed Amelia to marry Anhalt instead.
Two hundred miles, everyone?
In the midst of discussing LV (Chapter 13, p. 114), Mr. Yates suddenly launched a comment about his friend Lord Ravenshaw who had experienced an unfortunate event as of late as his grand mother passed away:
"It is not worth complaining about; but to be sure the poor old dowager could not have died at a worse time; and it is impossible to help wishing that the news could have been suppressed for just the three days we wanted. It was but three days; and being only a grandmother, and all happening two hundred miles off, I think there would have been no great harm, and it was suggested, I know; but Lord Ravenshaw, who I suppose is one of the most correct men in England, would not hear of it." (bolded sentences by Michelle)
Michelle suggested that Mr. Yates' bewailing the untimely death of a relation many miles away was a bit weird, though he had his justifications, that Lord Ravenshaw was to play in the private Lovers' Vows himself before 'the poor old dowager' (i.e. Lord Ravenshaw's grandmother) died. Yates was callously wishing that the news could have been suppressed for at least for a couple of days until they did the deed.
Placing this situation in Jane/Tom paradigm … what if Tom and Jane were "that close" to coming to an understanding, healing the hurt, when Anthony's news came and urged him to come to Ireland? Or was it that Tom's parents indeed summoned him to Ireland? Who knows. But almost certainly, the news of Anthony Lefroy could not have come at a 'worse time' for JA/TL.
Okay, let's look at the numbers now. Two hundred miles away, with a wish of three days' news delay: two spatial and temporal references. And let's look again at Chapter 3 (p. 26), as Edmund said to Fanny:
"Why, indeed, Fanny, I should hope to be remembered at such a distance as the White house. You speak as if you were going two hundred miles off, instead of only across the park."
Hmmm… two hundred miles mentioned at least twice so far. Nothing is random in Jane Austen's world. I think (and Michelle agrees) that two hundred miles is the reference of something important in Jane and Tom's life. And via Google Earth, I learned that York (Anthony's place) and London is 170 miles away; Dublin and London is 280 miles away; Dublin and York is 213 miles away. Average distance of the triangle is 224.3 miles. What do you think? :-D
We think that the two hundred miles reference in Mansfield Park does not only refer to Lovers' Vows, but also to the radius among the three sites, or at least Dublin-York and York-London. And about the second reference:
"…it is impossible to help wishing that the news could have been suppressed for just the three days we wanted. It was but three days…"
Three days. THREE DAYS away... from what day? How about November 5, Anthony's wedding? Delaying it three days, we have November 8 or 9, 1798. If particular news could be suppressed at least 3 days... assuming that this reference is Jane/Tom-related, could it mean that Tom wanted to come to Hampshire on November 8 to talk of something very important with Jane? Food for thoughts and more research (as if we don't have enough on our plates already).
Forced into the Drama
Anyway, Tom Bertram also had seen Lovers' Vows in London and liked it so much that he wanted to have it played in Mansfield Park. Hence, he dragged his friends as the actors and actresses; some were excessively eager and supportive, some – like Fanny and Edmund – were appalled to the very idea. Still, the show would go on, and Tom had his actors and actresses lined up. Maria Bertram was to be Agatha, Henry Crawford as Frederick, Mr. Yates as the Baron, Mr. Rushworth (Maria's fiancée) as Count Cassel… and of course the sassy Mary Crawford as the dazzling Amelia. Now what they needed was to find someone to play Anhalt.
Mary Crawford, being attracted to Edmund, naturally wanted Edmund to play Anhalt. Edmund initially refused, for he disliked the plots in Lovers' Vows. But then, after three chapters of going round and round about who would play who… and that a Mr. Maddox was to play Anhalt, Edmund changed his heart and appealed for Fanny's advice (Chapter 16, p. 142).
EB: "I do not know what to do. This acting scheme gets worse and worse, you see. They have chosen almost as bad a play as they could, and now, to complete the business, are going to ask the help of a young man very slightly known to any of us. This is the end of all the privacy and propriety which was talked about at first. I know no harm of Charles Maddox; but the excessive intimacy which must spring from his being admitted among us in this manner is highly objectionable, the more than intimacy – the familiarity. I cannot think of it with any patience; and it does appear to me an evil of such magnitude as must, if possible be prevented. Do not you see it in the same light?"
FP: "Yes; but what can be done? Your brother is so determined."
Fanny could not be more correct. Anthony had eloped anyway at that point!
EB: "There is but one thing to be done, Fanny. I must take Anhalt myself. I am well aware that nothing else will quiet Tom."
Fanny could not answer him.
Of course she could not. How could she? So…Anhalt was the bloke that finally married Amelia, played by Mary Crawford. And, Tom Lefroy should play Anhalt as well; marrying Miss Mary Paul! He realised that nothing but marrying Miss Paul would heal the wound Anthony had caused. Let's resume.
"It is not at all what I like," he continued. "No man can like being driven into the appearance of such inconsistency. After being known to oppose the scheme from the beginning, there is absurdity in the face of my joining them now, when they are exceeding their first plan in every respect; but I can think of no other alternative. Can you, Fanny?"
"No," said Fanny slowly, "not immediately, but--"
I remember the 1979 JAP Lefroy article that Arnie sent me (thanks again, Arnie), specifically a letter from Tom Lefroy to Mary, written in 1797 after Tom returned from his engagement to Mary during the 1797 Easter Term:
'I fear, my dear Mary that you have been cursing Term very heartily for sometime and are almost angry with me for reckoning it so great a friend when it is so much your aversion… but I am drilling for active Service, as it were. I am anxious to come, as near as circumstances will allow, and finish Lawyer to the Bar… You will be repaid… by my best attention for life, and sharing whatever credit may accrue from my labours.'
Mary getting anxious about Tom's commitment to her, eh? Don't think that the study was the main reason for Tom delaying the engagement…and somehow Mary sensed it. I am not sure when Tom wrote this letter, but I am inclined to think that it was written before November 1797 when he met Jane again in Bath and felt more urge to cancel his engagement with Mary. I'm not sure if Jane knew that Tom had been engaged by then, but in any case, if he had indicated so, it would not be until Sept/October 1798 before he planned to have a serious conversation with Jane and cancel his commitment with Mary. But Anthony's wedding changed it all.
Marriage for money
Now, let's get back to Chapter 16 of Mansfield Park (p. 143):
"But what? I see your judgment is not with me. Think it a little over. Perhaps you are not so much aware as I am of the mischief that may of the unpleasantness that must arise from a young man's being received in this manner: domesticated among us; authorised to come at all hours, and placed suddenly on a footing which must do away all restraints. To think only of the licence which every rehearsal must tend to create. It is all very bad! Put yourself in Miss Crawford's place, Fanny. Consider what it would be to act Amelia with a stranger. She has a right to be felt for, because she evidently feels for herself. I heard enough of what she said to you last night to understand her unwillingness to be acting with a stranger; and as she probably engaged in the part with different expectations--perhaps without considering the subject enough to know what was likely to be-- it would be ungenerous, it would be really wrong to expose her to it. Her feelings ought to be respected. Does it not strike you so, Fanny? You hesitate."
Did he just say 'domesticated'? As in 'to accustom to household life or affairs' or MARRIAGE? I'm not sure if 'domesticated' has the same meaning now with the one in Jane Austen's time. But if it does…this passage is a strong indication of Tom Lefroy marrying Miss Paul. And Edmund (TL) also asked Fanny (JA) to put herself in Mary Crawford's (Paul's) shoes... for Tom was after all still engaged with Mary. Or was it Jane Austen asking herself to understand Mary Paul better?
"I am sorry for Miss Crawford; but I am more sorry to see you drawn in to do what you had resolved against, and what you are known to think will be disagreeable to my uncle. It will be such a triumph to the others!"
"They will not have much cause of triumph when they see how infamously I act. But, however, triumph there certainly will be, and I must brave it. But if I can be the means of restraining the publicity of the business, of limiting the exhibition, of concentrating our folly, I shall be well repaid. As I am now, I have no influence, I can do nothing: I have offended them, and they will not hear me; but when I have put them in good-humour by this concession, I am not without hopes of persuading them to confine the representation within a much smaller circle than they are now in the high road for. This will be a material gain. My object is to confine it to Mrs. Rushworth and the Grants. Will not this be worth gaining?"
Let's see here. RUSHWORTH and GRANTS. Don't the names sound like money and wealth for you? Rush Worth. Grants. Speedy money. In JA's perspective, Tom truly married just for money (well, in all fairness, I think he liked Mary Paul as well, though not as deep as with Jane Austen). For Jane, Tom's marriage was very political in nature. I don't think she was wrong.
Fanny seemed nearer being right than Edmund had supposed. The business of finding a play that would suit everybody proved to be no trifle; ...There were, in fact, so many things to be attended to, so many people to be pleased, so many best characters required, and, above all, such a need that the play should be at once both tragedy and comedy, that there did seem as little chance of a decision as anything pursued by youth and zeal could hold out. (Chapter 14, p. 122)
The business of finding a 'play' that would 'suit everybody' – how about finding a 'wife' – a 'livelihood' that would suit everybody? After all, Edmund Bertram (and Tom Lefroy) had so many people to be pleased. Was not the business of "marriage" a people-pleasing initiative? Would this not have been how the Irish Lefroy family looked upon their children's marriages – arrangements to please and humour the Old Judge Uncle?
Let's resume with Chapter 16 (p. 143):
FP: "Yes, it will be a great point."
EB: "But still it has not your approbation. Can you mention any other measure by which I have a chance of doing equal good?"
FP: "No, I cannot think of anything else."
EB: "Give me your approbation, then, Fanny. I am not comfortable without it."
FP: "Oh, cousin!"
EB: "If you are against me, I ought to distrust myself, and yet--But it is absolutely impossible to let Tom go on in this way, riding about the country in quest of anybody who can be persuaded to act--no matter whom: the look of a gentleman is to be enough." (emphasise our own)
It's impossible to let Anthony go on his way alone, riding about the country with his new wife... seeking for anyone's support. He, Tom Lefroy, had to come and save his brother. And the bold sections really speak for themselves, do they not? Fanny (Jane) is distraught over Edmund (Tom's) inconsistency and betrayal of his own morality. The 'acting scheme' – 'marriage scheme' just gets worse and worse.
After reading those passages, we wonder whether Tom finally asked for Jane's approval, or at least understanding. Or was this Jane's wishful thinking of Tom talking to her and asked her permission or blessings? It's a nice indulging thought that Tom still confided in Jane after returning to Ireland in November 1798. For how could Jane know about Anthony's 'improper' behaviour then, if not from Tom Lefroy himself?
The Lefroy family conflict
Reading the hidden drama beneath the Lovers' Vows, we see that the Mansfield Park family quarrels during the LV preparation were not only a reflection of discord among the Bertrams. No Sire, it was also Jane's reflection on the true nature of the hidden disputes among the Lefroys and how Tom sacrificed himself to prevent further family confilcts. One of our thesis for Mansfield Park was that Tom actually trusted Jane with the story of his brother and his family… and Jane knew that, unlike what they tried to portray to the public, the Lefroys were not truly in harmony. See this sentence in Chapter 13 (p. 119-120) for example:
EB: "Family squabbling is the greatest evil of all, and we had better do anything than be altogether by the ears."
Also, the fight between Tom Bertram and his brother Edmund (p. 119):
TB: "Don't imagine that nobody in this house can see or judge but yourself. Don't act yourself, if you do not like it, but don't expect to govern everybody else."
Here is Tom Bertram berating Edmund over his 'interference' and for daring to pass judgement on Tom's own judgement. He is telling Edmund to basically live by his own rules, but not expect others to adopt them. Was this ever Jane's perception of the "selfishness" of Anthony Lefroy? Or was it that Anthony indeed quarrelled with Tom Lefroy before AL married Elizabeth Wilkin?
In any case, Jane Austen seemed to despise the way some of the Lefroys placing burden upon Tom's shoulders. In Chapter 15 (p. 137), Fanny was forced into acting in the drama, something that she truly did not like. Charming Edmund finally steps in, supporting his cousin's freedom of choice:
"Do not urge her, madam," said Edmund. "It is not fair to urge her in this manner. You see she does not like to act. Let her chuse for herself, as well as the rest of us. Her judgment may be quite as safely trusted. Do not urge her any more."
"I am not going to urge her," replied Mrs. Norris sharply; "but I shall think her a very obstinate, ungrateful girl, if she does not do what her aunt and cousins wish her – very ungrateful, indeed, considering who and what she is."
Here we have Fanny (Tom Lefroy) feeling the pressure of what his family and cousins wish (expect) of him and Jane Austen as the narrator disagreed with the pressure. JA might also wish that someone would talk Tom out of it (the way Edmund tried to reason with Mrs. Norris)... instead of the entire family and friends pushing him.
I plan to write another article this week about Jane's gradual change of perception towards Anthony/Tom. I will be rather busy again these weeks, but Michelle and I have committed that we shall continue reading Mansfield Park to excavate hidden information beneath the passages. In any case, I hope dear readers are now convinced that Mansfield Park was indeed a precious book, and might even carry more stories about Tom Lefroy than JA's other books. We will keep you posted of the news and reviews, so just keep looking at the blog! :-D
Austen, J. 1814, Mansfield Park (2003 edition), Penguin, London.
Lefroy, J. A. P. 1979, 'Jane Austen's Irish Friend', Huguenot Society Proceedings, vol. 23, pp. 148-165.
Pic 1: Mansfield Park audio cassette cover, Amazon.com
Pic 2: Elizabeth Inchbald, from Chawton.org
Pic 3: Elvington Bridge at the City of York in Yorkshire, from Wikipedia
Pic 4: Dublin-York-London triangle
Pic 5: the play at Mansfield Park, University of Missouri Kansas City
Pic 6: Andrew Jack with Alessandro Nivola (Henry Crawford) and Frances O'Connor (Fanny Price), photo by Clive Coote, in Andrewjack.com
Pic 7: Fanny Price and Mary Crawford, Pemberley.com
Pic 8: the stamp of Mary and Henry Crawford, the UK Collectible Stamps
Pic 9: Mary Crawford and Fanny Price, djuna.cine21.com
Pic 10: Fanny and Edmund, from Britmovies UK
Pic 11: James Purefoy as Tom Bertram, from James Purefoy US Fansite
Labels: Austen's books, Mansfield Park
Radovici's Jane Austen & Tom Lefroy Petition
Finally, the Radovici Petition or 'Radovici's Jane Austen & Tom Lefroy Petition' is uploaded! We need your help, dear friends, to make this little precious book re-printed again, and hence we ask for your help to click on the Petition Online and leave your signatures there. Please spread the words… Jane Austen and Tom Lefroy need you. Not only it's homage to the Romanian authoress Nadia Radovici who has passed away a few years ago; the book is also an incredible source and bases of Jane/Tom research, however under-used it is now. The petition text is as follows:
Dear Sir/Madam/Friends,
On behalf of Becoming Jane Fansite and fans of Jane Austen/Tom Lefroy alike, I would like to raise your concerns on the very limited number of available literatures on the romance and plight of Jane Austen with Thomas Langlois Lefroy (also known as Tom Lefroy). It is, sadly, not the truth universally acknowledged that the famous English authoress once shared a poetic chaste love with the young poor Irishman who later would become the renowned Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Several biographers have attempted to explore their beautiful but tragic relationship, e.g. Claire Tomalin ('Jane Austen: a Life', 2000) and Jon Spence ('Becoming Jane Austen', 2003). The movie 'Becoming Jane' (BBC & Miramax, 2007) has also taken the chaste romance between Jane Austen and Tom Lefroy a step further.
In 1995, however, another writer had actually written a short but memorable book exploring interesting facts and speculations about Jane Austen and Tom Lefroy's love story. The 80-pages book was titled 'A Youthful Love: Jane Austen & Tom Lefroy?', published by Merlin Books in Devon, UK, and written by Nadia Radovici. Radovici did not only explore common facts about Tom Lefroy known from Austen's letters but also unnoticed connections to Tom excavated from Austen's novels.
Alas, Radovici passed away circa the year 2000 without having her book widely known or distributed. Now, Radovici's book is out of print; its copy is very hard to find, even in second-hand markets. We, Jane Austen lovers who support the idea of chaste romance between her and Tom Lefroy, share the loss of a good book that has become one of the bases for more rigorous research on Jane Austen and Tom Lefroy. Granted, more and more information on Jane Austen and Tom Lefroy has been compiled as of late beyond the scope of Radovici's discussions. Nevertheless, we are still indebted to her book, and hence we ask any potential publishers to reprint Radovici's book and make it widely available for the public to read.
Pic: cover to Radovici's 1995 book, out of print
Labels: Fan-fiction and fandom, Reference, Regency news
My review of the Becoming Jane DVD
I just wanted to write a quick post as my 'long-awaited' Becoming Jane DVD arrived yesterday and I watched it the first chance I could last night.
I am heartbroken all over again!!! I have been wondering why this film has such a powerful impact on me. Firstly I think I am just a romanticist at heart and any doomed love story just plucks at my heart strings and bothers me for days (in this case, months) to follow! But this story is different…..I was really worried that all of the reading and insight that I have gained over the past few months would actually deter be from loving the film so much but this was not the case for I loved it more! I think that the Tom/Jane story is just so special. Since I have read more about the subject and visited Steventon and Ireland to see first hand where Tom and Jane walked and breathed, I think that I truly believe their story and feel that we cannot rest until we have done everything we can to find the truth.
Anyway, about the DVD. I ordered mine from http://www.play.com/ as I am confident in the reduced prices and service they offer. I am not saying this because of my love for everything Becoming Jane but the special features on this DVD are actually better than other's in my collection.
Firstly, there are interviews with the director and other people involved in the making of Becoming Jane such as the fabulous people responsible f or the costumes and make-up.
Also, there is the behind-the-scenes footage of the filming of two scenes from the film; the first is the boxing scene at Laversham fair when Tom launches into the ring and begins fighting. From this we see how wonderful James McAvoy is and how serious he was ensuring that it was just right. The other scene is the cricket scene. I have not watched this footage yet for I love this scene so much and I am not sure I want to see how it was filmed; I am sure that my intrigue will take over soon but at the moment I want to remain in a state of belief that it is all real and not a film!
Also amongst the special features is a series (approximately 10) of deleted scenes which made me very excited. You will be pleased to know that there are none involving Tom and Jane so they did not deprive us of any Tom/Jane interactions. There were, however, a few involving Cassandra that did not make the final cut. As I said to Icha and the others, this was such a shame for it really gave a better insight into the closeness of Jane and Cassandra. Also, Anna Maxwell Martin's acting is so superb that it would have given her more of a chance to shine if the scenes had been included. I cannot remember all of the scenes right now but the ones that stood out for me were two in particular.
Firstly was an extended version of Cassandra's grief for the loss of her fiancé. Right at the beginning of the film we saw Cassandra and Tom Fowle meet at the top of the stairs when they are awoken by Jane's loud piano playing? Well in the deleted scene Cassandra retraces her footsteps to the top of the stairs, grieving for the loss of her Tom. It was reall y moving.
The other scene that I found particularly good showed Cassandra and Jane taking cover under a tree for it is raining hard; upon which they encounter Lucy Lefroy (Tom's cousin) and her friend. It is set at the time when Tom returns to visit his aunt and uncle and does not go to see Jane (after the cork street meeting and before the meeting in the woods when Jane is out walking with her brother George). This deleted scene shows Jane asking Lucy with pleading eyes whether Tom is currently visiting nearby Ashe and when Lucy replies that he is, Jane appears devastated. I liked it because it is very emotionally evocative.
I think that overall, however, the final cut is perfect.
Finally on the special features is the theatrical trailer and a photo gallery. The photo gallery is fabulous; although most of the shots we have already posted here on the Becoming Jane site, there were a few treats that I had not seen before.
Sorry this post has turned out rather long but I just wanted to make you aware of something else that I noticed upon watching the film last night which actually shocked me.
When I returned from Ireland with photographs from 'The King's Inn' (see my post below); myself, Icha and the others thought that the gate was used in the film. I confirmed that on viewing the film and in fact all of the shots which show Tom late and running to court were actually filmed at 'The King's Inn' in Dublin. Very exciting!
If you again look at the photographs I took of the stained glass window with the 'Thomas Lefroy' inscription located within the building of 'The King's Inn', the same shot of the glass is used in the film! We see Tom running up the stairs into the court room and he passes the stained glass window.
What I found so fascinating to comprehend is that the scenes in Becoming Jane involving a 20 year old Tom Lefroy studying in London were filmed in a place (Dublin) where the 'real' 50 year old Tom Lefroy actually walked! Also, James McAvoy is running up steps in front of glass that has an actual inscription of his character. Very spooky!
Pic 1: Becoming Jane DVD cover, taken from www.play.com
Pic2: Jane and Tom in cricket scene, taken from www.annie-hathaway.com
Pic 3: Jane and Cassandra, taken from www.annie-hathaway.com
Pic 4: Jane and Tom in the woods, taken from www.annie-hathaway.com
Pic 5: Stained glass window at The King's Inn, Dublin. Taken by me.
Posted by Rachel at 20:41 15 comments
More 'Becoming Jane' clips!
OMG OMG OMG! My dearest friends, my sincere apology for leaving you without a new post for two days! I have been engaged with my real life... but thank the Force, I lurked into the YouTube just now, and found out that Willow09 has posted more BJ clips! So, here they are, and thanks a lot, Willow! So far, here's clips 7 to 13.
Oh, and my Blockbuster will have Becoming Jane DVD tomorrow, so I will be off early tomorrow evening for a very sacred ritual in front of the TV! My own DVD copy is winging its way across the sea from London now... hopefully will arrive soon. HMV is extremely reliable!
Clip 7: Tom Lefroy and Jane Austen started the elopement; Jane found the letter; tavern scene....Sigh...
Clip 8: the last reading. Jane Austen, meet Jane Lefroy.
Clip 9: Willow returned to the Selbourne Wood scene. Love their first banter!
Clip 10: the first reading, Tom's abrupt entrance... cute!
Clip 11: Discussing Tom Jones. All sorts of trouble!
Clip 12: the Laverton boxing scene. Ouch!
Clip 13: Jane and Tom's conversation after Judge Langlois' wrath in London. Sob-sob! Goodbye, Mr. Lefroy!
Labels: Trailers and DVD
Mary Paul's Genealogy
As Rachel returned to Ireland with the precious pedigree of Mary Paul, I can write a short article about it (thanks so much, Rachel!). The family tree is summarised from Burke's Peerage and Baronetage 1843, a very old book and cannot be copied without extra cautions. Rachel took notes of it and created the pedigree below based on Burke's descriptions.
From the picture, you can see that Mary Paul was indeed related to the Christmas name. Here's the recap of Rachel's finding:
Combining with the Roots Web, we see that Jeffrey Paul (died in 1730) and Elizabeth Christmas (born 1689) were married in 1708, and had eight children, among others Christmas Paul, who later married Ellen Carew of County Wexford (!) circa 1739. Christmas Paul and Ellen Carew had seven children, among others Joshua Paul, who married Sarah Gun of County Kilmaney in 1771. One of their sons, Robert Joshua Paul, used to be an officer in the army before becoming very rich. The Rootsweb site stops at Robert Joshua Paul, without any information on his marriage and descendants, but Burke's book that Rachel found revealed that Robert Joshua was indeed Mary's grandfather.
We have not found Mary Paul's date of birth yet, but it's pretty much confirmed that the 'Christmas' element in Jane Christmas Lefroy was a homage to Mary's ancestors. I also searched for the naming tradition circa 17-19 centuries, and I found among others this one:
The first son was named after the father's father.
The second son was named after the mother's father.
The third son was named after the father.
The fourth son was named after the father's eldest brother.
The first daughter was named after the mother's mother.
The second daughter was named after the father's mother.
The third daughter was named after the mother.
The fourth daughter was named after the mother's eldest sister.
At least, Thomas Langlois Lefroy followed the rules by naming his eldest daughter, his own Guardian Angel, after Mary Paul's mother (Jane Patterson) and he used her ancestor's name for 'Christmas'. I duly give in to these facts.
But my romantic side still thinks that Tom paid a safe silent homage to Jane Austen there, for Christmas holidays were important for both Jane and Tom (not only once Jane inserted Christmas references as important events in her novels). And as dear Kari noticed, Tom had such a 'coincidence' to have a mother-in-law named Jane, whose husband was related to Christmases, hence the perfect name of 'Jane Christmas'. In Kari's words: 'how eerily-coincidental that her name would become Jane AND her middle name Christmas. Even with the historical tradition of it it's just too perfect really.'
Why, my dear Kari, I whole-heartedly agree. And to me, Jane Christmas is still one of the most beautiful Anglo-Saxon name, in my humble opinion ;-)
Pic 1: Paul family tree, compiled by Rachel Kingston from Burke 1843
Pic 2: 'Dance of the Christmas Angel' by Deanna C.
Update 28 October 2007
Many thanks to Anielka for her eagle eyes… spotting that the name of Mary's father was actually JEFFRY Paul, instead of Joshua Paul. It is our mistake for not detecting it earlier, hence we apologise for that. The picture you see now already has the part altered… and now Mary's father was indeed Mr. Jeffry Paul.
Labels: About Tom Lefroy, Jane Christmas Lefroy
My Trip To Ireland
As regular readers of the fansite probably know, I went to Ireland for three days last week on a mission to seek more information about the Lefroy's, the Austen's and the Paul's (Tom's wife Mary's family).
I spent most of my time in the National Library of Ireland and the National Archives, both in Dublin reading various manuscripts and trying to gather as much information as possible. The bits and bobs that I did find will be posted in articles in the coming weeks but I thought that I would use this post to take you through what I did, what I felt, the people I met and the pictures I took along the way.
Wednesday late afternoon I arrived in Dublin. I had booked a hotel in the centre of the city so I settled myself then went for a wander! It really is a wonderful city. I love the people and their welcoming and friendly nature always makes me feel humble about the general attitude in England at times. I have to confess I spent the first evening enjoying the electric atmosphere of Temple bar!
Thursday morning I headed straight to the National Library and spent most of the day there. After I left, I went to nearby St Ann's Church to find the graveyard as we learnt before my trip that Mary Paul (Tom's wife) and other members of her family are buried there. I wanted to pay my respects but upon my arrival I realised that there was no graveyard in sight. I knocked on the door of the church and was told that there was no graveyard. I was baffled but determined to pursue it so I rang the Vicar of the church! He came to the church to meet me (I cannot explain how wonderful Irish people generally are, they always want to help) and told me the terrible story that 20 years ago permission was given to build a car park where the original graveyard was! Predictably there was a public uproar and it was agreed that the remains would be put in a vault within the church. The story gets worse; they did not identify the names of the bodies before placing them in the vault. Therefore Mary is most certainly there (I know she is!) but there is no mention of her name within the church. I personally think it is disgraceful and it made me very sad.
I next went to Leeson Street where we know that Tom and Mary lived. We were unsure of the specific house but I went to Ireland thinking that it was now a convent. I was mystified when I could not see a convent (much like the feeling of the missing graveyard!) I walked up and down and clearly must have looked lost, or even crazy to the passers by. I noticed a Catholic School run by priests so I thought that must be my best hope of locating the missing convent. I saw an old man walking down the steps. He thought I was a nun which led to a very in teresting conversation! The man was a priest and has lived near Leeson Street all his life. He told me that in the 1980's they closed the convent and showed me the original building (i.e. Tom's house).
Here is a picture of the house with the original door. Another delightful man, one of many!
On my way back I took some photos of Trinity College; Tom's university. It is such a magnificent set of buildings. I sat for a long time and contemplated my day, trying to imagine how different the college would have looked 200 years before. I really wanted to be transported back in time and have a conversation with Tom….oh how many questions I would have to ask!
Friday morning I visited Mt Jerome's cemetery. It is huge and I was baffled about how I was going to find the grave of Tom Lefroy. Another nice person in the office helped me by retrieving a very large, very old book which had hand-written accounts of all the burials. It was so amazing and again I took a photo of the book. Tom was buried in a vault with other relatives so there is no headstone. What I found interesting was that in 1861 two coffins were moved from the city to this vault. I am not sure who these two people were. I found the vault and to my dismay there was a lorry parked in front delivering horses, yes horses, and there was no driver in sight! I thought that this situation was highly amusing considering the connections between horse riding and the Lefroy family! The plaque on the front of the vault refers to the last person to be buried in there. I had a good chat with T om (although I am sure the others were all listening too) and asked him nicely to help us on our quest to find out the truth. It was a surreal moment and I know this sounds odd, but I felt very privileged to be there.
I wanted to get a clearer copy of the records from the burial book so I went to the public library (Gilbert's Library on Pearce Street) and viewed a microfilm there to print. Here is the document.
It was to the National Archives next where I met with a genealogist. She was really nice but again had very little on the Paul's which was a shame. Lastly on Friday I went to Henrietta Street to the King's Inns. I was in pursuit of a glass window with the inscription of Tom Lefroy's name. I met a man who said that he had been looking at the glass every day for years without much knowledge of its significance. It is beautiful! It was a real treat to the end of the day. On the window were the Coat's of Arms of all the relevant people in the history of Irish law. Of course the Chief Justice, our Tom, was presented, in the bottom right hand corner. This picture is of the outside gate and as Icha suggested, it may well have been the same gate in the scene where Tom was late and rushing towards court; the scene when the wonderful Bond Street Airs is played.
Saturday morning I caught a train to Bray and got a taxi asking for either 'New Court' or 'Ardmore Studios'. I was looking for the house that Tom lived in and died in after he retired from his post as Lord Chief Justice in 1866. He lived in Bray for three years and died 4th May 1869. To be honest I was rather unsure what I was looking for. We had references to 'a villa in New Court' based on the letters sent from Tom during his time in Bray. I found references to 'Ardmore' during my searches at the library and Icha spotted a link in the Huguenot paper of JAP Lefroy (1979) to a country club. So a very uncertain me presented the dilemma to the nicest person I met on my visit, the taxi driver. He so desperately wanted to help me so I couldn't believe my luck when he drove me to a little book shop in Bray. The owner, Henry, is a local historian who has written many books on Bray. He did not know which house it was and is now also on a mission as I think I have now made him very intrigued! He gave me three possibilities though which I visited and here are the pics. What do you think? Do you think any of these houses were Tom's?
Henry explained that in the 1850's there was a family called the Putnam's who owned a house called 'New Court'. To me this seemed to be the most probable house as we have seen letters which stated 'New Court.' I mentioned the Ardmore link and he said that there are two more possible houses that existed at that time. One is actually in the complex of the Ardmore Film Studio's which is very odd considering that Ardmore Studio's were used in the production of Becoming Jane. The final house is in Ardmore Park. It was such a fascinating part of my trip. I have to say that my gut feeling was the house that he called 'New Court' but we shall see.
In the afternoon before my flight home I went to Kilruddery House in Bray. Parts of Becoming Jane were filmed there and we at the fansite have always thought it was very coincidental that some of the film was shot in the place where the real Tom Lefroy died. Espec ially considering that Bray is such a small town. Kilruddery House is utterly beautiful and I hope that this is reflected in the pictures.
I noticed that the area of trees in the grounds of the house would have been perfect for the Selbourne Wood scene. What do you think? The tour guide said that the trees were over 300 years old so it would have been accurate- I do hope that it was filmed there, it was such a perfect location.
I know that this is a very long post but I really wanted to share my adventure and pictures with all of you. It was so special and I feel even closer to Tom and Jane than I did before. I think I was guided on this trip and I think I know who by…..
Pic 1: St Ann's Church
Pic 2: 18 Leeson Street
Pic 3: Original Door at Leeson Street
Pic 4+5: Trinity College
Pic 6: Church at Mt Jerome Cemetery
Pic 7: Vault of Tom Lefroy
Pic 8: Burial Records Book
Pic 9: Gate at the King's Inns
Pic 10+11: Glass with inscription of Thomas Lefroy
Pic 12: House 1- Once called 'New Court'
Pic 13: House 2- Inside Ardmore Film Studio's
Pic 14: House 3- At Ardmore Park
Pic 15: Kilruddery House
Pic 16: Kilruddery Gardens
Pic 17: Woods in the grounds of Kilruddery House
Labels: About Tom Lefroy, Houses and geographical features
Mansfield Park: Jane Austen's tribute to Tom Lefroy Part 2
Okay, Ladies and Gents, Mansfield Park review Part 2. I will try to keep it shorter than Part 1, but if not, you will forgive me, Fitzwilliam (think Colin Firth's Darcy!). Special thanks to Michelle for her precious inputs on MP. This instalment picks up Chapters 4 to 11; bear with us, we sometimes go back and forth, picking up breadcrumbs we did not detect previously. But first, let me give another support for the theory that Jane Austen borrowed a lot from Tom Lefroy for her Fanny Price. Fanny lived in Portsmouth in England; a port town. And guess where Tom lived before coming to London? Limerick, Ireland. Also a port town, albeit a bit deep in the estuary, and much further from Dublin than Portsmouth to London ^_^
Chapter 4 finds us in the mind of Edmund as he observed the engagement of Maria Bertram with Mr. Rushworth.
Edmund was the only one of the family who could see a fault in the business; but no representation of his aunt's could induce him to find Mr. Rushworth a desirable companion. He could allow his sister to be the best judge of her own happiness, but he was not pleased that her happiness should centre in a large income...
It is obvious here that Edmund was not pleased that his sister should adopt the common practice of the greatest betrayal of self, as Michelle put it, giving yourself to someone you neither respect nor admire, denying yourself your true nature. To me, this was also Jane speaking… the way she advised her niece Fanny Knight in some letters. And it does not hurt to see that some names in Mansfield Park refer to wealth, e.g. the Grants and Rushworth.
Then we arrive at Chapter 10, where Henry Crawford said to Maria Bertram:
'I believe I was relating to her [Julia] some ridiculous stories of an old Irish groom of my uncle's. Your sister loves to laugh...I could not have hoped to entertain you with Irish anecdotes during a ten miles' drive.' [Bolded words by Icha]
Cheeky Jane! To me, it's obvious that she was jesting about Tom Lefroy here. And Jane Austen often talked about marriage in Mansfield Park (well, also in her other novels), so we will return to the subject of marriage later on.
Black November
Chapter 11 particularly attracted me for the obvious second paragraph:
November was the black month fixed for his [Sir Thomas's] return...His business was so nearly concluded as to justify him in proposing to take his passage in the September packet, and he consequently looked forward with the hope of being with his beloved family again early in November.
Maria was more to be pitied than Julia, for to her the father brought a husband [Mr. Rushworth], and the return of the friend most solicitous for her happiness, would unite her to the lover, on whom she had chosen that happiness should depend...It would hardly be early in November, there were generally delays, a bad passage or something; that favouring something which every body who shuts their eyes while they look, or their understandings while they reason, feels the comfort of. It would probably be the middle of November at least; the middle of November was three months off. Three months comprised thirteen weeks. Much might happen in thirteen weeks. [bolded words by Icha, italics by JA]
The italic early and something invoked my suspicion. Didn't Tom Lefroy return to Ireland in mid November 1798 because of Anthony's marriage earlier the month? To his beloved family in Ireland. The return of the friend most solicitous for her happiness - was Tom not Jane's 'friend' most solicitous for her happiness? And what happened in... say, mid August, thirteen weeks before mid November? Counting back from 17 Nov (Jane's letter explaining the return of Tom to Ireland) brings us to 18/19 or mid August 1798. No JA letters survived after 8 April and before 24 October 1798, but I bet mid August was very important for Jane and Tom. Could Tom somehow talk of a possible commitment with Jane then? Or at least, they met in mid August 1798.
Then a dialog between the sassy Mary Crawford and Edmund:
MC: 'Your father's return will be a very interesting event.'
EB: 'It will, indeed, after such an absence; an absence not only long, but including so many dangers.'
MC: 'It will be the fore-runner also of other interesting events; your sister's marriage, and your taking orders.'
Before November 1798, Tom's last visit to Ireland was Easter Term 1797. That's more than 1.5 years away. Such a long absence... that included so many dangers (of him changing his mind, cancelling Mary Paul and taking Jane instead). And it was NOT a fore-runner, but a consequence of his brother's marriage. A very 'interesting' event, though very tragic as well.
Edmund taking orders to become a clergyman. Can I translate 'taking orders' as taking one's responsibility? In the case of Tom Lefroy, Tom's return to Ireland means that he was to face his responsibilities as the eldest son.
Also, talking about Sir Thomas reminds me of Tom Bertram, who was (to us) the portrayal of Anthony Lefroy in Jane's perspective. It occurred to me last night as I watched the 1999 DVD of Mansfield Park (what a great movie!) that TB might actually dislike his father so much, particularly on his inhuman treatments on his slaves (not to mention the slavery itself). Hence, Tom Bertram's drunk habit &c... in addition to he might be the kind of slack person, could also due to his aversion or major dislike towards his father for what he had been doing to the slaves? The Bertrams got dirty money anyway, why not wasting it? Hence Tom protested with being drunk and gambling, not unlike Anthony protesting Benjamin Langlois' stern views of proper marriage by marrying an 'undesirable' woman.
Jane, Tom and star-gazing
In the last section of Chapter 11, we are introduced to another hobby shared between Edmund Bertram and Fanny Price, in addition to horse-riding.
EB: 'There's Arcturus looking very bright.'
FP: 'Yes, and the bear. I wish I could see Cassiopeia.'
EB: 'We must go out on the lawn for that. Should you be afraid?'
FP: 'Not in the least. It is a great while since we have had any star-gazing.'
Ah… l'amour… Such a romantic thing to observe the starry nights with your significant others…Now, my dearest friends, I don't know if you know that Tom Lefroy liked star-gazing, but click this old article of mine, and you will see that Tom was indeed interested in astronomy.
And I also wrote this in the article:
Now, of course then my imagination flew away to more than 50 years from that date, when the young dashing Tom Lefroy was still in Hampshire with Jane Austen, after a ball in Basingstoke or Manydown House (when he ran away as his family laughed at him about Jane…).
In one of those nights, it was possible that he took Jane outside to the balcony or the garden and pointed at the sky. Jane then said, 'That's a very bright star over there. Is that Venus?' Tom smiled and answered, 'No. That is not Venus; it's Jupiter. Venus is –' he directed Jane towards the other part of the dark night sky, ' – there! See that bright star there? Now, that's Venus. And it is beautiful.' He then looked back at Jane and, after a moment of silence, added, 'But not as beautiful as you.'
Face/palm! Of course, the Jane/Tom scene there was merely my imagination, but I NEVER thought that small article will be useful now. If we link Fanny/Edmund and their star-gazing hobby with Jane and Tom, it is natural that I suspect that Tom Lefroy and Jane Austen indeed star-gazed together. At least, during Tom's limited time in Hampshire. A great while ago.
Ahem. Now, let's check the stars or constellations Jane, I mean, Fanny mentioned. Arcturus, the Bear and Cassiopeia. What about them? As a very amateur star-gazer, I am curious about the stars in MP, and had several sleuthing of them.
Arcturus/Bootes
According to Wikipedia, Arcturus is the brightest star in the Bootes constellation, only visible in Northern Hemisphere. The myth says that Arcturus is the bear guard who guards Ursa Minor and Ursa Major (Callisto and her son Arcas, seeded by Zeus), who protects and accompanies them for eternity. Arcturus is also the third brightest star in Earth's sky (after Sirius and Canopus). That reminds me of Tom Lefroy, one of the brightest men in his generation. And he was not the guardian of his family for the rest of his life?
Now, let's take a look at the constellation where Arcturus belongs (from the Earth's viewpoint, that is). One of the earliest constellations identified by ancient humankind, Bootes is also known as the Herdsman. Herdsman, the Shepherd, like the Priest or a religious person. Reminds you of Tom Lefroy?
And again from Wikipedia: Boötes was also supposed to have invented the plough. This is said to have greatly pleased Ceres, the goddess of agriculture who asked Jupiter to give Boötes a permanent fixture in the heavens as a reward for doing this.
Big Dipper or Ursa Major (the stars Arcturus protects) is also called the Plough. Plough and agriculture, eh? Shall I remind you that Tom Lefroy loved gardening?
Bootes and Virgo
Bootes is located near several famous constellations, one of them is Virgo. In Poussin's painting (Shepherds of Arcadia) above, Bootes is the guy next to the maiden (Virgo). Together with Serpens and Hercules (squatting, tracing the inscription), they surrounded a tomb (Ophiuchus). An excellent example of hidden knowledge of astronomy by Nicolas Poussin in mid 17th century, for indeed you can see Bootes together with all these constellations (see Skymap.com for the month of August).
You can draw a straight line from Arcturus to Spica, the brightest star of Virgine/Virgo constellation. The old astronomy maxim is 'follow the arc to Arcturus and speed on to Spica'. Virgo is, by the way, the zodiac of August, and also one of the only three female constellations in the Western astronomy (along with Cassiopeia and Andromeda).
Virgo the Celestial Virgin. Was Jane Austen not a virgin herself? ;-) Though we can also refer to Virgo as the representation of Mother Mary… As such, let's see the meaning of Spica. Spica literally means 'ear of wheat', and hence was known since ancient times as the 'Star of Prosperity'. Although I believe that Tom Lefroy truly loved Mary Paul later on, I do not doubt that there was prosperity motive, in the most respectable manner and intention of saving his family, in their marriage.
Virgo is also often called Astraea ('starry'), as Wikipedia says:
According to one interpretation, the constellation depicts Astraea, the virgin daughter of the god Zeus and the goddess Themis. Astraea was known as the goddess of justice, and was identified as this constellation due to the presence of the scales of justice Libra nearby.
So, Virgo is also a representation of justice… who placed herself next to Bootes, the Shepherd. And was Tom Lefroy not a very pious barrister?
Anyway, Bootes and Virgo have always been closely linked. This is what Heavens Above says about the two constellations:
In Greek legend, Bootes is seen as representing Icarius, an Athenian who was taught the secret of winemaking by the god Dionysius. Icarius then allowed some peasants to sample his produce, but his kindness back-fired. The men became extremely drunk and were convinced that they had been poisoned, so they killed Icarius and buried him. His daughter Erigone and was so overcome with grief when she found his body that she hanged herself. Zeus transferred her to the heavens as Virgo, Icarius became Bootes, and Maera, the dog who had led Erigone to her father's grave, became one of the dogs of Canes Venatici.
There is also a story of Bootes and Virgo as the symbol of Adam and Eve. Hmm… eating the apples, eh? Forbidden fruit of what? Of unfortunate marriage like Anthony Lefroy's, or marriage for wealth, like Tom's?
Anyway, let's use the common knowledge that Virgo represents a virgin and see the graphic visualisation above. From these particular pictures, we can see that Bootes (the herdsman) seems to leave Virgo (the virgin). In the night sky, Bootes seems to face Cassiopeia (there is a picture down below; also see Skymap.com for August). And if we see the Virgo as Jane Austen herself, and Bootes as Tom Lefroy, who is Cassiopeia then?
In Greek Mythology, Cassiopeia was a beautiful but vain queen who insulted the Nereids, boasting that her daughter Andromeda was much prettier than the daughters of Poseidon himself (there…don't let your mums do that, lest you will be chained and fed to the monsters!).
Cassiopeia forms a W or crown. If we translate it as 'noble lady', then Jane might be alluding to Mary Paul, who was a respectable woman, mostly for her wealth and connexion. Also, turn W upside down, and we have an M. For Mary! Or, we can see W as 'wedding' and M as 'marriage'. There is a 'Mary' character in Pride & Prejudice that associates with 'crown' or 'queen'. Mary King, a rich lass that almost married Wickham. Either way, to me, Cassiopeia refers to Mary Paul.
Let's return to what Fanny said at the end of Chapter 11. Yes, and the bear. I wish I could see Cassiopeia. Could Jane be telling us that she wished to meet and understand Mary Paul better? And did Jane just mention 'the bear' or Ursa Major/Minor here for a decoy, or did she allude that she actually have met Anthony Lefroy, whom Tom protected, before? After all, Anthony lived in England as the Captain of 65th regiment in 1798. If not meeting Anthony, Jane would have at least heard of him from Tom himself… hence she 'saw the bear'.
My dear astronomer friend Alex (thanks a lot, Alex!) has kindly provided me with a simulation of the London night sky on August 15, 1798. Mid August was the time when the star-gazing conversation between Edmund and Fanny took place; also the month I suspect something serious happened between Jane Austen and Tom Lefroy before Anthony's unfortunate marriage on November 5, 1798. From the picture below, Cassiopeia constellation was indeed visible together with Bootes in August in Northern Hemisphere (well, they are always seen together anyway!). There was Moon crossing Virgo; hence the night sky of mid August must be beautiful to see.
In any case, Jane Austen evidently has designed the four lines of 'mundane' star-gazing talk in Chapter 11 very carefully, for the depth of information in the mere four lines of astronomy at the end of Chapter 11 is amazing. Let's read Jane's letter 9 January 1799 to Cassandra that explained, partly, her knowledge of stars:
'Of my Talent in Drawing I have given specimens in my letters to You, & I have nothing to do, but to invent a few hard names for the Stars.'
Phew. After all this musings, I do not doubt that Tom Lefroy was a major trigger for Jane's interest in astronomy. Oh, and a spoiler for MP part 3 is found in Chapter 3, as Edmund said to Fanny:
Also see Elizabeth Inchbald. Thanks for reading the second part of MP review, and see you later!
Faye, D. L. 1997, Jane Austen's Letters, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Pic 1: Cover of Mansfield Park, Penguin Edition
Pic 2: Henry and Mary Crawford, 1999 Mansfield Park, from Boots & Bonnets
Pic 3: Mountains of Creation, interstellar clouds in Cassiopeia
Pic 4: Bootes, the Shepherd, from Acme
Pic 5: Virgo, the Virgin, from Acme
Pic 6: Simulation of night sky of London on 15 August 1798 by Alex Hons
Pic 7: Shepherds of Arcadia, representing (from left to right) Serpens, Ophiuchus (the tomb), Hercules, Bootes and Virgo. Painting by Nicolas Poussin in 1638-1640, from Phillip Coppens.com
Mansfield Park: Jane Austen's tribute to Tom Lefro...
BJ fansite link and more BJ clips!
New Picture Gallery
Mourning a Manor
Michelle's personal review on her first copy of 'B...


Glutathione: the secret to staying healthy, living longer and looking better?
Most of us haven't heard of it, but glutathione has become a buzzword among those in the know, as the understanding of just how powerful this antioxidant is increases.
What exactly is an antioxidant and why do we need them?
Antioxidants are nutrients or enzymes, that play an important role in the body because they counteract the process of oxidation in your tissue. Oxidation is a normal process that produces free radicals and these molecules can cause great harm if our levels of antioxidants are not sufficient to protect us.
Now, the important thing to understand is that not all antioxidants are the same. There are thousands of substances that act as antioxidants, from the familiar ones such as vitamin C and vitamin E to the less well known. Polyphenols, anyone?
In recent years, glutathione has emerged as a superstar antioxidant. Your body naturally produces glutathione, but lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, medications, stress, trauma, pollutions and toxins and the ageing process itself, can deplete our supplies.
Plays a preventative role in neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
Prevents cancer and can improve the body's reaction to chemotherapy.
Critical for detoxification; glutathione is high in sulphur, a molecule that works hard to shift toxins from your body.
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IV Vitamin Drips have become a key part of the treatments we offer at Wimpole Aesthetics Clinic, as part of our commitment to looking after our patients holistically. To learn more about the benefits of IV Nutrient Drips call 020 7224 2247 or click here .


Due to the weather the track opening will not be happening on April 26th. We will keep you posted for the start on the following week May 3rd.. Of course weather permitting! This decision will be made on a weekly bases.
Please stay in touch for further updates here on our website or on Facebook.
enjoy a night under the stars and racing.
Cans and plastic bottles only!
ANYONE ENTERING THE PITS MUST HAVE PHOTO ID.
Any "Park & View" spots that are not sold by 6pm can be used for free.
All Drivers or Owners Must Fill out a Payout Form at the Track before they can receive any Purse Money.
A photo copy of Drivers' lic. and Social Security card is required!!
(Monroeton, PA) Perhaps the biggest win of all fell squarely on track management at The Hill Speedway with their bold move to go forward with the Jerry Johnson and Sons Stone Quarries season finale. Rain fell at 4 PM forcing late track prep, but the surface was race-ready just after 7 PM on a night of 30-lap features and championship declarations. Feature winners were Keith Jack Lamphere (IMCA Type Modifieds), Rich Powell (Crate Sportsmen), Bobby Benjamin (Street Stocks), Adam DelGrosso (FWD) and Mike Koser (RWD). Track champions, in that order, are Gary Lamphere, Ray Smith, Kevin Garland, Adam DelGrosso and Mike Koser.
The 30-lap IMCA Type Modified feature was caution-filled, but those interruptions were of no consequence to race winner Keith Jack Lamphere. The race was sloppy from the get-go, as six cars came together in the first turn after taking the green. Keith Jack and point leader Gary Lamphere were among the group but both continued. Keith Jack led from lap four on and his mastery of the high groove is a work of art. He got his fourth win of the year, this time over G. Lamphere, Bobby Maynard, Al Silvernail and Harry Ely. Gary Lamphere, who won his heat, also won the 2018 track championship. Brad Sites won the other heat race.
In the Crate Sportsman division, title contenders Ajay Potrzebowski and Ray Smith arrived separated by one point and facing a 30-lap, double points-paying feature. Dalton Maynard and Potrzebowski won the two heats and the stage was set. When Rich Powell unloaded his 333, he was ready for action. He led from lap five on, and the championship chasers were among the top five. Smith turned it on and had third at lap 17, then he passed Maynard for second. From his fourth-place position Potrzebowski could only watch his title hopes fade. Powell got the race win over Smith, Maynard, Potrzebowski and Mike Collins. Smith hauled back to Hornell, NY as the 2018 track champion.
Kevin Garland probably stressed all week knowing he was going into the final Street Stock feature with a slim eight-point advantage over Tom Savercool. When he didn't show, Garland just needed a decent finish. When Bobby Benjamin unloaded his car for the second time this year, his last memory was of parking in victory lane. He did it again, despite seven cautions that led to single-file restarts. Garland's night ended early, but heat winner Benjamin proved he was the man to beat. Cody Kershner had another solid run that earned him a second-place finish to Benjamin. Heat winner Bobby Hall, Abe Romanik and Jesse Snell rounded out the top five. Kevin Garland is the track's 2018 Street Stock champion.
Adam DelGrosso only needed a decent finish to clinch the 2018 title in the 4 Cylinder FWD division. Trevor Williams and Matt McKernan led the lion's share of the 30-lap race until the lion himself roared into the top spot and stayed there. DelGrosso took the lead from McKernan on lap 17, he pulled away, and he made his eighth win look easy. The 2018 champion defeated McKernan, Williams, Matt Browning and heat winner Bob Schultz in the last race of the year.
In 4 Cylinder RWD action Mike Koser arrived with a 114-point advantage and left the champion after sweeping his heat and the 30-lap feature. Koser, running second to heat winner Larry Colton, took advantage of an opportunity when Colton got loose in turn four and he passed him for the lead on lap 12. From then on, he checked out and got the win over Alan Blackwell, Tim Bush, Colton and Anton Smith.
That wraps up the 2018 season at The Hill Speedway. Watch for updates over the winter on the track's website www.thehillspeedway.com or 'like' them on Facebook. Track management thanks all of the race teams, sponsors and spectators for their support.
· In post-race drawings, Crate Sportsman driver, Mike Collins won nerf bars from Snell Metalfab, Collins and Rich Powell won front bumpers from Kevin "Cupcake" Curry, and Potrzebowski won $25 cash from Schmeckenbecker Hair Salon.
· Several lucky boys and girls left with new bicycles from special giveaways.


text:
Re: unseen actors
Thu, 13 Mar 1997 09:15:04 -0400
Joe Swift
TV is replete with additonal examples: Carlton the doorman on "Rhoda," who
is heard on the intercom but never seen, and George Steinbrenner on
"Seinfeld," who is only seen from the back of his office chair.  Unseen
wives are a comedic device used on "Cheers" and "Frasier."
Last night's rerun of "The Drew Carey Show" was very amusing--the plot was
driven by the death of Drew's high school band teacher, who had provided
his fist sexual encounter.  She is never seen, and serves a function
similar to Costner in The Big Chill.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1Let not many of you become teachers, my brethren, for you know that we who teach shall be judged with greater strictness. 2For we all make many mistakes, and if any one makes no mistakes in what he says he is a perfect man, able to bridle the whole body also. 3If we put bits into the mouths of horses that they may obey us, we guide their whole bodies. 4Look at the ships also; though they are so great and are driven by strong winds, they are guided by a very small rudder wherever the will of the pilot directs. 5So the tongue is a little member and boasts of great things. How great a forest is set ablaze by a small fire!
6And the tongue is a fire. The tongue is an unrighteous world among our members, staining the whole body, setting on fire the cycle of nature,3.6 Or wheel of birth and set on fire by hell.3.6 Greek Gehenna7For every kind of beast and bird, of reptile and sea creature, can be tamed and has been tamed by humankind, 8but no human being can tame the tongue — a restless evil, full of deadly poison. 9With it we bless the Lord and Father, and with it we curse men, who are made in the likeness of God. 10From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. My brethren, this ought not to be so. 11Does a spring pour forth from the same opening fresh water and brackish? 12Can a fig tree, my brethren, yield olives, or a grapevine figs? No more can salt water yield fresh.
13Who is wise and understanding among you? By his good life let him show his works in the meekness of wisdom. 14But if you have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast and be false to the truth. 15This wisdom is not such as comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, devilish. 16For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every vile practice. 17But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, without uncertainty or insincerity. 18And the harvest of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.


Modern scratchers you'll love as much as your cat does!
330 backers pledged $42,105 to help bring this project to life.
We believe loving your cats should not mean making compromises when it comes to your home. You spend time and effort making your home beautiful, so why fill it with cat products that feel like an afterthought? It's our mission at WISKI to make cat products you'll love as much as your cat does!
MEET THE CONE! The Cone is the world's most beautiful scratching post and nap space for your cat.
INTRODUCING THE CORR LOUNGE The Corr Lounge is our modern take on the humble cardboard scratcher. It's another great spot for your kitty to scratch and snooze.
CATS NEED TO SCRATCH The best way to keep cats from scratching furniture is to give them a dedicated place to scratch. There are other scratchers that do a satisfactory job, but few we'd want to have in our homes.
TALL & STURDY In nature, cats scratch trees because they're tall, and don't tip or wobble. At home, the next best thing is your favorite armchair. We made The Cone to give cats a better option. At 30 inches tall, cats can fully stretch out when they scratch. With a weighted base, it's super stable.
THE BEST SCRATCH FOR YOUR CAT Cats can be picky, which is why we're offering The Cone with a choice of scratching wraps. Our felt wrap is soft with a bit of texture, great for cats that like to scratch softer materials like carpets and upholstery. Our 100% natural sisal wrap is strong and durable with lots of texture. It's an irresistible scratch for kitties that really love to dig in.
REPLACEABLE WRAP The Cone is designed to be long-lasting and not another product that will quickly end up in a landfill. When the wrap becomes worn, it can be easily replaced. Our felt wrap is also reversible, and we estimate one will last a single kitty around 6 months with regular use (3 months per side). Our premium sisal wrap is super durable and can last a single cat up to five years!
SLEEPING NOOK The Cone has the perfect spot for your kitty to do some next-level napping. Elevated off the floor, with a soft felt pad, it's sure to be the most coveted seat in the house. And for cats who do next-level shedding, the pad is removable and easily cleaned.
CARRY LOOP The loop on the top of The Cone isn't just cute, it's also a convenient handle, making The Cone easy to move.
COLORS The Cone's subtle color scheme comes in three varieties and is meant to fit in any modern home. Every option comes with carry loops in two colors, giving you a choice of a matching or contrasting look.
SIMPLE ASSEMBLY The Cone ships flat and is easy to assemble. It requires no special tools or skills beyond a screwdriver, and we estimate it will take under 15 minutes to assemble, start to finish. We're also planning to make a short video explaining the assembly to make the process even easier.
THE CARDBOARD SCRATCHER, ELEVATED Just because a material is inexpensive doesn't mean it needs to look cheap. Cats love scratching cardboard, so we thought it was time to elevate the status of the humble cardboard scratcher. With clean lines, a simple design, and a pop of color, The Corr Lounge is the perfect cardboard scratcher for your modern home.
ERGONOMIC The shape of our lounge is perfectly suited for the shape of your kitty. With a raised area on each end, they've always got the perfect place to rest their weary kitty heads.
ELASTIC Our patent pending elastic strap design means the individual cardboard layers are not glued together. This makes for a simpler product with less waste. You can even switch or move damaged layers to keep The Corr Lounge looking like new.
REPLACEABLE CORE The Corr Lounge comes with a durable metal base that raises the action up off the floor. The cardboard core is replaceable, meaning you can keep a high-design look without paying a high-design price when it wears out. For those who want all the great functionality, ergonomics, and simplicity without the elevated base, we're offering the cardboard refill by itself as The Corr.
FLIP IT Is a bigger, flatter scratching area your kitty's thing? Or perhaps your cat is just looking for a little variety? Either way, our cardboard core flips over, giving you two sides to choose from and making each refill last twice as long.
COLORS Each Corr Lounge comes with three elastic band color options.
Industrial designer Evan Ryan founded WISKI when he became frustrated with the limited options in the pet aisle. A proud cat daddy, he purchased many scratching posts for his cats, but even those that worked noticeably clashed with his home decor. Ultimately, he decided to put his skills to use and create a new generation of modern cat products.
Evan believes that often the least amount of design can have the most impact. Inspired by the clean lines of Scandinavian modernism, he strives to create products that have character and visual appeal, yet are incredibly simple and pared down, allowing them to blend into almost any environment.
With 10+ years of experience as an industrial designer working on projects ranging from consumer electronics to construction machinery, he's gone through the product development cycle many times and is well versed in what it takes to bring a product to market. You can find more of Evan's work on his personal design website. The WISKI team is rounded out by a small group of folks with backgrounds in business, sales, marketing, and manufacturing.
We launched an early version of The Cone on Kickstarter last year but ended the campaign early after receiving feedback that most people thought that version was just too expensive. We've spent the last year re-designing The Cone to make it more affordable, while keeping the stuff that made the original great and adding The Corr Lounge along the way. Now we're back on Kickstarter so you can help us get The Cone and The Corr Lounge out of our imaginations and into your living room!
In manufacturing, the more of anything you make, the cheaper each unit gets, making the product more affordable for the customer. Making products that are reasonably priced is important to us, and that's where you come in.
We're on Kickstarter asking for your help to raise the money we need to place a large first order of both The Cone and The Corr Lounge, as well as to pay for the tooling needed to create these products. Our $20,000 goal is based on the cost of those orders and takes into account money our team is personally investing in this project. Placing a large order lets us offer our products for the prices you see here. Without it, and without you, this would not be possible!
Early ideas on how to construct a more affordable Cone.
Our initial plan was to use a flexible plywood shell that would double as a structural frame. Unfortunately, as soon as we started prototyping we discovered that there were several major issues, chief among them was that the conical shape put the material under too much stress and would splinter or break. We did manage to make a cool-looking wood prototype, but it was very fragile and too difficult to assemble.
We did months of problem-solving after that first prototype, eventually transitioning to a high-quality thick plastic shell over a wood sub-frame which offered us more flexibility as well as improved structural strength. Above is a tiny fraction of the ideas and planning it took to get there.
These are some of the prototypes we made along the way, from the first wood shell idea through the development of the plastic shell + frame and finally refining all the details including the carry loop, fit-and-finish, and the color scheme. These prototypes were invaluable to us in testing every aspect of The Cone to make sure it met our high standards.
MULTIPLE REWARDS If you'd like multiples of any product, back the product or combo you'd like and send us a message. We'll let you know how you can add more to your pledge. Please note: early bird offers are limited to one per person.
SHIPPING Free shipping is included for all reward levels to the lower 48 states in the U.S. Unfortunately, due to the high costs of shipping, we cannot ship outside the U.S. at this time. If you're outside the U.S. and are interested in The Cone or the Corr Lounge, please reach out to us. We plan to offer international shipping in the future and knowing where there is interest will be a big help.
MANUFACTURING We have already selected a number of manufacturing partners to make our products. We've been working closely with them over the past several months to complete all the pre-production work and engineering so as soon as we hit our goal, we can begin ordering tooling and getting final production samples. The majority of our partners are located in the U.S. with some raw materials and simple components coming from Asia.
Felt Wraps arrive in U.S.
A note on the project timeline: It's always possible that unexpected problems could arise. We promise to keep you updated on our progress, any delays, and what we're doing to address them.
Winter Holidays: Our estimated ship date is just before the holidays. Please understand that while we are going to do our absolute best to stick to this timeline, we cannot guarantee shipment before the holidays. Please let us know if you have any questions about this. We'll be happy to answer them.
COLOR CHOICE We'll collect your color choice information after the campaign is finished. We've done our best to represent the final production colors for all products, but please understand that all colors depicted in this campaign are approximate and subject to change.
With more than a decade of experience in design and manufacturing, the team at WISKI is well versed in bringing products to market. Along with that experience comes the knowledge that there are always unexpected issues and challenges when it comes to manufacturing. We've done a lot of work already to make sure everything goes as smoothly as possible, and we've built extra time into our timeline to deal with unforeseen obstacles.
We promise to actively deal with any challenges in a timely and professional manner, and to be transparent and honest in communicating with our backers. We're excited to update our backers regularly as we overcome challenges and reach our production milestones.
Help us make The Cone and the Corr-Lounge a reality!


Wishing you and yours the peace that you desire and work to attain. Love, hope, encouragement, and support for you won't fit in a box. You can't put a bow on the values you hold so dear. However, your values and how you treat others and define how others treat you is the greatest gift you can give this holiday season.
Do you prefer presence over presents?
Shout out to folks who love, love, love this time of the year.
Some folks radiate goodness and kindness (now we all have our ups and downs). They are intent on lifting others and living positive lives. They know it's not about how many church services they attend, it's about having a personal relationship with their God. My Christ filled Facebook Friends range from bible toting, scripture quoting ministry leaders to folks who are quietly talking to their God on a daily, weekly, monthly and / or annual basis.
I am a Christian all of the time. I am not concerned with whether you think I am Christian enough or religious enough. I am enough; destined for greatness and unapologetic.
Real Talk: Christmas Day is in a few days.
Many people are putting a lot stuff and things on their credit cards. They are trying to impress, influence, or persuade someone that they care or that they have more dollars than they really do.


text:
Sound Of Inspirations: An Order of Fashion With a Side of Music | ASAI
curious creators
Few would expect, upon opening a Chinese takeaway box, to find not fried rice or kung pao chicken, but a scrunchable, Technicolor nylon top or curve-hugging, tie-dyed dresses. This, however, is the signature of Central Saint Martins graduate A Sai Ta, who uses the unconventional packaging as a way to draw attention to the intersection of heritage, class and culture within fashion. Born to a Vietnamese seamstress and a Chinese father, Ta frequently draws inspiration from his own British-Chinese-Vietnamese heritage in multiple explorations of hybridity and intercultural exchange. in the process blending together Asian iconography with recognisably western tropes.
Ta's postmodern, transcultural designs have won him many plaudits: he was selected to work with Kanye West while working on his master's, and just two years after launching ASAI in 2017, he was awarded New Gen sponsorship in 2019 by the British Fashion Council, with his first stand-alone show taking place in that same year. Today, his work is sold globally in stores including Joyce Hong Kong, Liberty London, Dover Street Market, Net-A-Porter and Opening Ceremony and has also been featured in leading publications such as Vogue, M le Monde, The New York Times, Dazed and Confused and I_D.
Ahead of his showcase at the 10 Asian Designers To Watch exhibition taking place this month in Shanghai, read on to find out more about the designer's thoughts on how fashion externalises the internal, how representation and counter-culture shapes his designs, and the emotive effect of music on fashion.
Q. Why fashion? What made you want to be a designer?
The innate desire to express; a materialisation of the internal to become external. With the levels of communication it entails, clothing can create a magical and special feeling and has the power to make you feel so many things.
Q. Sometimes, inspiration strikes in the most unlikely place/time. Please share your experience of finding inspiration for your designs.
Being present and the need to find meaning in things through conversation.
Q. As a brand and designer, you are vocal against the systemic discrimination of marginalized communities. Why is this important to you?
It should be important to everyone—I think its quite clear as to why.
A post shared by ASAI (@asaitakeaway)
Q. How has your upbringing and background influenced you as a fashion designer?
In every way it has shaped the way I approach, contextualise and respond to things outside of me.
Q.The tie-dye hot wok ASAI signature—how did that come about? Why tie-dye?
It's a symbol of the counter culture.
Q. Music is a large part of the runway experience. How does sound/music influence the way you view fashion?
It has such a crucial part in the process of making and presenting the work. Music generates so much inspiration, and it can make me move in certain ways. Sound and tone has much feeling to me, and plays a big part in the storytelling.
Q. From the punk-inspired revolution of Vivienne Westwood to the Indie-rock androgyny of Hedi Slimane, the world of fashion is filled with music references. Why do you think that is?
All comes back to the body, I guess — how and why we move. To me, form follows emotion.
Q. What is your personal style like? What would you typically wear when you go out?
It's ever-changing.
Q. What is your all-time favourite track that inspires you?
'Rain' by Ryuichi Sakamoto.
Q. Total silence when you design, yes or no? Why?
Both. I explore both as a process.
Q. If your designs could sing, speak, call out to you or make any sort of sound, what would you be hearing and why?
A bang and a scream and a deep laugh and the sound of excitement, a gasp.
So many sounds on so many levels.
A post shared by FASHION ASIA HONG KONG (@fashionasiahk)
Held in collaboration between KEF and Lane Crawford, the 10 Asian Designers To Watch exhibition will be held in Shanghai from March 31 to April 11 in an effort to spotlight the most promising young talents in fashion across Asia. Highlighting the role of sound and music both to inspire and bolster the power of fashion, the KEF Experience Zone will allow attendees to engage with the latest cutting-edge audio technology to transport the mind within the headspace of the designers. Find out more online here.
Cover Image: A Sai Ta / ASAI
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vanguard visionaries


text:
TAYLOR SWIFT WANTED TO CONTINUE MAKING MUSIC WITH NEW ALBUM, evermore.
Taylor Swift has been in such a creative and prolific mode, dropping not one, but two albums (folklore, evermore) in 2020, surprising her legion of fans with new music.
She says of the reason she released her second album, evermore (which she calls the sister to folklore) so close to the release of the first was because she didn't want to stop writing and recording songs.
"To put some context behind why this album has come out so quickly – we just never really stopped writing songs. I mean folklore came out, but Aaron (Dessner) and Jack (Attonoff) and William Bowrey and Justin Vernon (Bon Iver) and I just kept on writing. We never really paused. I think we did that because it was so much fun to create, and this time is such a wild, ridiculous year, and I think we needed to create things. We didn't really know what for," says Taylor. "Pretty soon it became evident that this was another album, and it came together in almost the same amount of time that folklore did. So, yeah, I've never put out an album this quickly in succession after a brand new album, but then again I've never had a concept like this come to me before where I wanted to continue exploring even after an album was released. I didn't want to move on to something else, I just wanted to keep on digging. So, evermore is out, I think it's four-and-a-half months after folklore came out, but this is a year where I threw out a lot of rules that I used to have in my head – 'Oh, you only put out an album once every so often' – whatever, like I think we need music. I think I want to connect to my fans. This is stuff that I've written, and I'm so, so proud of it. So, I figured I'd just put it out."
Taylor has released "no body, no crime" from her multi-week No. 1 album, evermore, to country radio.
Audio / Taylor Swift explains why she released her new album, evermore, just four-and-a-half months after releasing folklore.
Taylor Swift (concept behind context) OC: … put it out, you know? 1:13
"So, to put some context behind why this album has come out so quickly – we just never really stopped writing songs. I mean folklore came out, but Aaron (Dessner) and Jack (Attonoff) and William Bowrey and Justin Vernon (Bon Iver) and I just kept on writing. We never really paused. I think we did that because it was so much fun to create, and this time is such a wild, ridiculous year, and I think we needed to create things. We didn't really know what for. Pretty soon it became evident that this was another album, and it came together in almost the same amount of time that folklore did. So, yeah, I've never put out an album this quickly in succession after a brand new album, but then again I've never had a concept like this come to me before where I wanted to continue exploring even after an album was released. I didn't want to move on to something else, I just wanted to keep on digging. So, evermore is out, I think it's four-and-a-half months after folklore came out, but this is a year where I threw out a lot of rules that I used to have in my head – 'Oh, you only put out an album once every so often' – whatever, like I think we need music. I think I want to connect to my fans. This is stuff that I've written, and I'm so, so proud of it. So, I figured I'd just put it out, you know?"


The most motels booked in Yangon this month. Discount hotels in Yangon (Rangoon): Reserve Mother's Home Motel & enjoy no hotel booking fees and the lowest price guaranteed! In a quiet location, only a few minutes from the city centre of Yangon. Make yourself at home in Beautiful Yangon and check the availability of rooms at the Holiday Season Motel by sending a free request directly to the host.
The Waizayandar Motel provides centrally located lodging in Yangon. Home economics, room services and newsagent as well as a luggage office, a marked smokers area and car parks are available. Myanmar's National Bank can be reached on foot in 25 minutes. It is located 5 km from Yangon town centre.
The Waizayandar Motel receives its clients in soundproofed rooms with air conditioning, stereo, hi-fi system, IDD phone and sound insulation-window. You can reach Mingaladon International Park in 20 min. by car from the Waizayandar Motel. Buisness equipment includes a commercial center, a photocopying unit and a facsimile service for corporate travellers.
A 2-star motel, the luxurious Mother's Home Motel provides personalized service in an inviting environment. It has 8 rooms with free Wi-Fi, a safety deposit box the sizes of a laptops, a refrigerator, a pantry and a payphone. There is a water boiler, dish washer, as well as a bathroom with bath, tumble drier and sneakers.
Mother'S Home Motel is about 20 min from Mingaladon International Mingaladon International Airports. It has 8 rooms with free Wi-Fi, a safety deposit box the sizes of a laptops, a refrigerator, a pantry and a payphone. There is a water boiler, dish washer, as well as a bathroom with bath, tumble drier and sneakers.


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