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Als Borough (britisch englisch [ˈbʌrə], amerikanisch engl. [ˈbɜrəʊ] oder [ˈbʌrəʊ]) (deutsch Gemeinde, Bezirk) bezeichnet man eine Verwaltungseinheit in verschiedenen englischsprachigen Staaten.

Das Konzept der Einteilung des Staatsgebiets in Boroughs stammt ursprünglich aus England. Der Begriff Borough kommt von dem Wort burh, das in der altenglischen Sprache "befestigter Ort" bedeutet (vgl. Burg).

Der durch das Borough verliehene Status spiegelt sich vor allem in Südengland häufig in der Endung bury in Ortsnamen wider; in den Midlands in der Endung borough. In Schottland und in Nordengland wurde stattdessen die Bezeichnung burgh verwendet.

Die Endung bury findet sich auch in den US-amerikanischen Neuengland-Bundesstaaten; im Süden und Westen der Vereinigten Staaten ist demgegenüber die Endung burg verbreitet. Gebräuchlich ist auch die Endung brough (ausgesprochen []).

In England werden sowohl borough als auch burgh [] ausgesprochen. In Schottland werden beide Wörter [] ausgesprochen. In den Vereinigten Staaten lautet die Aussprache für borough [] oder [], für burgh [] oder [].

Vereinigtes Königreich

Geschichte
Boroughs wurden ursprünglich im Laufe des Mittelalters durch die englische Krone gebildet, um einer Siedlung Selbstverwaltung und damit eigene Rechte gegenüber dem lokalen Grundherren zu verschaffen. Der Status des Boroughs wurde einer Siedlung durch eine königliche Urkunde (Royal Charter) erteilt. Die Boroughs wurden typischerweise von ein Selbstverwaltungsgremium (Corporation) verwaltet, die ihre Mitglieder durch Kooptation selbst bestimmte. Seltener wurden Boroughs von einer Einzelperson, einem sogenannten Bailiff, verwaltet.

Ab 1265 wurden zwei Bürger (burgesses) aus jedem Borough zusammen mit zwei Rittern (Knights of the Shire) aus jedem County in das englische Parlament berufen. So wurden aus den alten Boroughs parlamentarische Wahlkreise (Parliamentary Boroughs) abgeleitet. Die Repräsentation im House of Commons des englischen und ab 1707 des britischen Parlaments wurde vom House of Commons selbst beschlossen, was im Laufe der Zeit dazu führte, dass in einigen kleinen Siedlungen zum Zweck der parlamentarischen Repräsentation ein parlamentarischer Wahlkreis eingerichtet wurde, obwohl sie kein durch königliche Urkunde geschaffenes "altes Borough" (Ancient Borough) waren und bislang kein entsprechend geregeltes Selbstverwaltungsgremium besaßen.

Mit dem Reform Act 1832 verloren viele Boroughs, die inzwischen hinsichtlich ihrer nur noch geringen Bevölkerungszahl bzw. nur noch geringen Anzahl von Wahlberechtigten als überrepräsentiert galten (sogenannte Rotten Boroughs bzw. Pocket Boroughs), ihre Vertretung im Parlament. Die Debatte um die Reform zeigte, dass es einen regelrechten Wildwuchs kommunaler Selbstverwaltungsgremien mit unterschiedlichsten Strukturen gab. Eine königliche Kommission wurde eingesetzt, und als Folge ihrer Arbeit wurden mit dem Municipal Corporations Act 1835 die Selbstverwaltungsgremien der Boroughs vereinheitlicht. 178 der alten Boroughs wurden in Municipal Boroughs umgewandelt, wobei die Selbstverwaltung-Gremien der Boroughs vereinheitlicht wurden und fortan nach einem Standardwahlrecht auf der Grundlage des lokalen Grundbesitzes gewählt wurden. Die nicht reformierten Boroughs verloren ihren Borough-Status oder wurden später reformiert oder abgeschafft. In einigen neuen Industriestädten wurden nach Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes gemäß seinen Bestimmungen mehrere neue Municipal Boroughs gebildet. Zugleich wurde ein Verfahren eingerichtet, durch das ein Ort beim Parlament eine Petition einreichen konnte, um den Status eines Borough zu erhalten.

Mit dem Local Government Act 1888 wurden die bestehenden Boroughs in zwei verschiedene Typen aufgeteilt: Die County Boroughs erhielten Kompetenzen, die mit denen der Counties vergleichbar war; demgegenüber erhielten die Municipal Boroughs nur die Kompetenzen einer Gemeindeverwaltung. Kleine Orte wurden mit dem Local Government Act 1894 zu Urban Districts gemacht, die anders als die Boroughs nicht das Recht hatten, einen Bürgermeister zu wählen.

Boroughs heute
Die traditionelle Unterscheidung zwischen Counties und Boroughs wurde 1974 beendet, als die Counties in Distrikte unterteilt wurden. Distrikte mit städtischem Charakter besitzen üblicherweise den Status eines Borough. Siehe auch Liste der Districts in England.

Diese Änderung wurde in den 1990er Jahren zum Teil dadurch wieder rückgängig gemacht, dass einigen Distrikten der Status einer Unitary Authority verliehen wurde, die die gleichen Kompetenzen besitzt wie ein County. Unitary Authoritys mit städtischem Charakter besitzen alle den Status eines Borough.

Heute werden die Boroughs in Metropolitan Boroughs (großstädtische Bezirke) und Non-metropolitan Boroughs (Distrikte oder Unitary Authorities) unterteilt. Die Stadtbezirke von Greater London sind, mit Ausnahme der City of London, London Boroughs. Siehe auch Verwaltungsgliederung Englands.

Vereinigte Staaten
Bei den Stadtbezirken von New York City handelt es sich um Boroughs. Sie sind zugleich Countys des Bundesstaates New York:
 The Bronx (Bronx County)
 Brooklyn (Kings County)
 Manhattan (New York County)
 Queens (Queens County)
 Staten Island (Richmond County)

Der US-amerikanische Bundesstaat Alaska ist ebenfalls in Boroughs unterteilt; sie entsprechen den Countys in den anderen Bundesstaaten. Allerdings gehören weite Teile von Alaska zu keinem Borough; zu statistischen Zwecken wurden hier census areas gebildet, siehe Liste der Boroughs und Census Areas in Alaska.

Eine selbstverwaltete Stadt (City) wird in einigen US-amerikanischen Bundesstaaten, so etwa in Pennsylvania, borough genannt, gelegentlich auch boro. In einigen Staaten werden mehrere Boroughs zu einem Township vereinigt.

Kanada
In Québec wird der Ausdruck borough als englische Übersetzung des französischen arrondissement verwendet.

Neuseeland
In Neuseeland wurde früher der Ausdruck borough [] für selbstverwaltete Städte, die nicht den Status einer City hatten, verwendet.

Literatur

 James Tait: The Medieval English Borough. Studies On Its Origins And Constitutional History. Manchester University Press, Manchester 1936 (PDF).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Verwaltungseinheit
Englische Sprache

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Located in the heart of Canberra our dental team can service all your general dentistry needs; from hygienist checks to fillings, implants, crowns & bridges.
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At Canberra Dental Care we believe in working with you to achieve the best results using the latest in dental techniques. Our commitment to all patients is to listen to you, discuss the best options and to deliver quality dental care. With a full team of experienced dentists, hygienists and back up staff, we are focused on providing the best customer service and giving you something to smile about!


i am actually using ELIVE 1.9.56 live cd on a lenovo R61i laptop.
after booting up the live cd the famous elive sound comes, but is much too loud, it would even break the speakers. this is not acceptable if you want to use it in public or want to show ELIVE to interested newcomers.
when booting ELIVE, after selection of language you should enter the option "nosound" (without "quotation marks"). then the famous ELIVE sound comes with an acceptable level, so elive can even be used in a public library.


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Merck Pays $1.5M Fine For Pollution Problems
Home » News » Merck Pays $1.5M Fine For Pollution Problems
September 29th, 2011 // 12:45 pm	@ jmpickett
For violating several federal environmental laws at two Pennsylvania plants, Merck has agreed to pay a $1.5 million civil fine and settle charges brought by both the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Justice. Since the drugmaker has already resolved the violations, though, the feds have filed papers to dismiss their original complaint.
What did Merck do, and not do? For one, the feds allege the drugmaker did not comply with Clean Air Act emissions reporting and recordkeeping requirements. The government also charged Merck with discharging pollutants in excess of limits in its Clean Water Act permit; failed to notify local officials of hazardous substances released, and failed to properly label and store hazardous waste.
The plants in question, by the way, are located in West Point, Pennsylvania, which is a production nerve center; the other is in nearby Riverside. And the feds found that at various times in 2004 and 207, Merck released approximately 300 pounds of ammonia and tens of thousands of pounds of ethylene glycol from the Riverside facility. But Merck did not properly notify the EPA.
Another problem: the professional engineer who certified in 2005 that Merck's Spill, Prevention, Control and Countermeasures program for oil spills was in good order was, herself, not in good order. As it turns out, she had been licensed in North Carolina as a registered professional engineer in 1998, but her license had expired by the time she signed off on the Merck facility .
This is not the first time, by the way, that Merck has run afoul of environmental laws at its Pennsylvania facilities. In late 2007, Merck paid a $20.5 million for violating the Clean Water Act with three chemical discharges in 2006, one of which killed more than 1,000 fish and forced Philadelphia to temporarily shut off drinking water intakes (back story).
This led to a consent decree and also prompted the EPA to follow up with a more extensive investigation into Merck environmental practices. The agency then conducted what it calls a series of multi-media inspections to review both compliance with federal air, water, hazardous waste, spill prevention, and community right-to-know regulations. This led to the latest agreement.
Source: Pharmalot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Chemical Probes of N	atural Product Assemblies	: Novel Biosynthetic Insights and O	pportunities	Manuela Tosin	Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK	E-mail: m.tosin@warwick.ac.uk	Natural products and their derivatives constitute a ma	jor source of treatments for h	uman, animal and plant diseases. A comprehensive mechanistic	and temporal elucidation of natural product	biosynthetic pathways is of the highest priority, as it paves the way to the generation of novel	high	-value molecules	via	enzyme and metabolic engineering	. In our group we have devised a chem	ical approach for the detailed investigation of polyketide and nonribosomal peptide product	assembly	: this	consists in the use of chemical probes capable of 'capturing	' transient biosyn	thetic intermediates in a readily analysable	form	.1 The knowledge of biosynthetic processing has	allowed us to envisage new chemoenzymatic routes to	natural product derivatives, such as	to unnatural polyethers (Fig. 1).	2 Herein I will present our latest chemical tool	development for the study of natural	product enzymatic assemblies	3-6 and discuss key findings	in view of their exploitation	.
Perovskite solar cells are emerging as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies, havingexceeded the performance of thin-film silicon devices (beyond 21%) in only 5 years of development.This performance is exclusively due to the optimum optoelectronic properties of the prototypical organic-inorganic lead-halide perovskite, methylammonium lead-iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ), and related lead halides.The fast-paced development of the perovskite solar cells has not only fueled a growing interest into thefundamental physical properties of lead-halide perovskites, but has also been stimulating the design ofnew functional perovskites with tailor-made properties.
In the first part of my talk I will focus on the computational modelling of the optoelectronic propertiesof CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . I will give a brief introduction into the state-of-the-art first principles methods usedin our work, such as the density functional theory (DFT) and the GW approximation. I will presentour calculations of the quasiparticle band structure, band gap and charge carrier effective masses ofCH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 [1,2], and show that the GW approach is essential in the accurate description of theoptoelectronic properties of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . Furthermore, I will show that by substituting the CH 3 NH 3cation with CH(NH 2 ) 2 , Cs, or Rb, the band gap of the lead-halide perovskites can be fine-tuned in thevisible range by engineering the steric interactions between the central cation and the inorganic PbI 6network .
Early aeronautical research in Britain was advanced by a decision to allow a number of the nation's finest mathematicians to train as pilots and conduct airborne experiments using full-scale aircraft. Given that many would subsequently perish in flying accidents, what justified the risk?
Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like knots in the magnetization. They are envisioned asthe basis for future spintronic devices and can be stabilized by a favorable interplay ofmagnetic exchange, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), anisotropy and Zeemanenergy. The Fe/Ir(111) interface is known to exhibit strong DMI  and serves as anideal basis to build up materials that host single skyrmions on the nanometer lengthscale. Such small magnetic objects can be imaged, characterized and manipulated using(spin-resolved) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) .Building upon the Fe/Ir(111)-interface a fine-tuning of the relevant magnetic energies isperformed by adding metallic overlayers, by adorption of hydrogen, or by a variation ofthe strain within the magnetic film. Magnetic field dependent STM measurements canbe used to obtain the specific material parameters . In addition, spectroscopy using anon-magnetic tip electrode reveales the correlation between the local magnetoresistanceand the non-collinearity of the spin texture . Such a read-out of the local magneticstate could be combined with the demonstated reversible switching between skyrmionand ferromagnet by local electric fields . S. Heinze et al., Nature Phys. 7, 718 (2011). K. von Bergmann et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 394002 (2014). N. Romming et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 177203 (2015). C. Hanneken et al., Nature Nanotech. 10, 1039 (2015). P.-J. Hsu et al., Nature Nanotech. 12, 123 (2017).
Where does high-temperature superconductivity come from?
The high-temperature superconductors were discovered just over 30 years ago. The initial observation was accompanied by an explosion of results probing and examining how they behaved, establishing some ground rules for the type of superconductivity observed – similar but different to the well-known BCS model for superconductivity. Over the last 5 years, there have been a number of breakthroughs in understanding the background from which the superconducting state develops. In this colloquium, I will pull together structural information, quantum oscillation, transport data and dynamical studies to describe the new observations, and look at how that helps with understanding high-temperature superconductivity, closing with the (many) open questions remaining.
At the heart of essentially every large galaxy in the Universe lies a supermassive black hole. In the past decade, surveys of the extragalactic sky have made great progress in understanding the cosmic growth of these black holes, as they "eat" surrounding material and radiate as active galactic nuclei (AGN). However, our picture of black hole evolution has remained incomplete, due to the challenges of detecting black holes that are highly obscured by gas and dust or hidden beneath thelight of their host galaxies. With the advent of new resources including hard X-ray observations from NuSTAR, mid-infrared data from WISE, and new insights from theoretical models, we can now identify millions of these "hidden" growing black holes across much the sky, and characterize the nature of their obscuration and their role in the formation of galaxies. I will describe recent efforts to characterize these "hidden" black holes, particularly highlighting work by our group at Dartmouth, and will present evidence that (at least some) powerful obscured AGN represent an evolutionary phase in the evolution of their host galaxies. Finally, I will point to the exciting potential for future of AGN population studies with the next generation of extragalactic surveys, including with NASA's Lynx concept X-ray mission.


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Follow @mrof1models New! MRO F1 Engineering photobooks now available.
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New! MRO F1 Engineering photobooks now available.
Welcome to MRO F1 Engineering, home of 1/12 Scale Models!
A Future projects discussion does not include whimsical ideas about wish-lists, rather description of actual work-in-progress. This is different to Present projects in which the committed work relating to one or two GP cars in parallel, is actually progressing towards completion at a rate of one model per 12-18 months (the delay beyond the usual 12 months estimated is due to recent use (Spring 2010) of a lathe/mill).
The subjects of Future projects are those where the F1 car itself, has invariably been visited and studied in such a way, that I found it helpful and almost necessary to build the monocoque right away. This serves two purposes; firstly to avoid the idea remaining an idea only and second to capture the nuances of design right then while emotional and physical contact was on-going with the car in question; this approach I feel makes the resultant work much more likely to be accurate and 'look right' aided by the multiple visits I have often been able to make, fine tuning the model during successive visits. It is only the monocoques (and some additional bodywork) that are built, because these are the single-most characteristic aspects of the whole design and the most important to get right. The rest of the car, be it engine, gearbox and to greater extent all the peripheral items such as suspension, are merely a fabrication exercise having reliance on good data (drawings, photographs and dimensional information). This later work, I can happily do years after (if necessary) and is much the same process as undertaken by those I aspire to emulate, back in the 70's, at McLaren, Lotus, Tyrrell etc. So for the following cars, monocoques lie in completed form awaiting fitting-out and development into whole cars. The monocoque construction as I approach it, includes incorporation of metal mounting points for suspension pick-up points; these are all referenced to the horizontal plane and the longitudinal axis of the car. Substantial metal mounting points are built within the rear bulkhead for the roll-over bar to be attached. Separate inner and outer monocoques are produced as sub-assemblies and later combined when both have been finalised and usually painted. The floor will have been detailed for the eventual display of the undertray of each car, there also being routing access throughout the car for fluid hoses etc from the front to the rear with fuel tank access hatches being opened and bag tank components added; this is for educational purposes and my full enjoyment of a stripped-down model of the monocoque. This latter feature has applied to two of the most recent projects and will be able to be incorporated into completed monocoques which fall into 'future' projects. Such future projects include a spaceframe for a 1961 Ferrari 156 'sharknose', a 1970/1 Tyrrell 001, a 1971 Surtees TS9, a 1974 Tyrrell 007, a 1975 Tyrrell 007 and two 1971 Lotus 56B's (Gold Leaf Team Lotus and World Wide Racing).
A story concerning the Tyrrell 001 model is worth telling. Some of the 'Tyrrell' parts I will be incorporating into the definitive Tyrrell 001 model came from that original Tyrrell Ford F1 model (002) given to me in summer 1974 by a schoolmaster 'Nick' who had lost interest and kindly passed it on. I completed the model and a while later (within five years probably), sold it for £1.00 to my best friend Gary (and later best-man at my wedding to Ros) who happened to live on site, his father Larry being a schoolmaster at our prep' school where we both grew up. It remained on the mantlepiece in Gary's parents' home until quite a few years later (when I had finished university, I seem to remember), when I asked if I may have it back. By now, the deteriorating model was glad of a new home. Once I got started on model building again after graduation, I cherished it and later still when in my second and current job, I began Tamiya model conversions in earnest and converting this so-called 002 to a genuine 001 which seemed feasible and was a good move, the model winning first time out at a local model show. Further years later, having been granted generous access to 001 itself, whilst being restored for American custodian/driver John D, it was very apparent how beautiful 001 really was and how lacking in this same quality my Tamiya conversion was. The main issue was that the Tamiya offering was noticeably too narrow and lacks the pugnacious pregnant look of these 1971 cars, designer Derek Gardner applying his observations of low centre of gravity in the 1969 Matra MS80/others, when he penned 001. So the current 001 that I am including here, is a finished re-worked monocoque in grey primer, to the point of being able to be fitted-out with suspension, cockpit details engine etc, ie the hard characteristic part has been completed. The Tamiya Tyrrell Ford F1, owned by my school teacher, then myself, then Gary and later returned to me, only to be converted into 001 (inadequately), is now disarticulated and ready to donate small items to the new 001 monocoque. Not one of these babies is abandoned or wasted, all live on and are re-cycled if appropriate.
There are two additional cars that have been thoroughly drawn, however no monocoque has yet been made, namely a 1969 Matra MS80 and a 1975 Shadow DN5. As such, they don't yet meet the criteria laid down above; because certain details are lacking, I haven't committed them to plastic, resin and metal yet.
New Menu item, 'For Sale'
Fancy a Break in the Cotswolds?
Tribute to Derek Gardner
Volume 2: McLaren M23, (1974 and 1976) photobook available!
Third Photobook, McLaren M23
Raison D'Etre
If anything I have made brings pleasure and a degree of wonder, do give God the glory and praise, for it is merely the talent He has given, that I am exercising. Amongst the F1 designs I have incorporated as wall tiles in my workspace, are two with the Bible texts John 3 v 16 and Romans 10 v 9 which help me keep my mind focussed on what really matters. Do give them a read. These models are built as one-off, hopefully unique cars of the 1970's mainly (some late 60's and fewer 90's/later) which are not for sale and are part of a personal collection. I am unable to accept commissions due to lack of time and over indulgent approach. They are museum-display and are not in any sense 'working models'. I have built 1/12 scale F1 models almost exclusively, each being in the order of 12-14" (30-36cm) long. My aim is to increase in a small way the 1/12 scale representation of Grand Prix car entries to the F1 World Championship that are not available commercially as kits to be built. They are to be retained as indefinite loans to museums for others to enjoy, for one's home is never large enough. The models perhaps represent my desire to own the the full-scale car, yet that is not feasible or practical (unless you are Bernie Ecclestone) and each of my models feels like the real thing to me, having often spent so much time with the actual car. The photographs of the original cars were taken by special permission and in respect of the owner of the actual GP car or race 'shop owner are not available for further distribution, nor are my own engineering drawings. The models are built with the idea of 'no effort spared' and to look as realistic as possible. I will go to eccentric and sometimes otherwise unreasonable lengths to replicate every detail of design and engineering in order to satisfy myself that I have something properly accurate. This includes the concept that all bodywork should be removable in the same way as on the full-size car and therefore reveal the engineering within; additionally the underneath of the car is modelled, for there is much to be enjoyed regarding 'how it all works' from seeing what is not normally visible. I have felt that in this way, these models may serve to educate interested folk as to what makes a Grand Prix car 'tick', for such rare access to the real thing, makes this aspect somewhat mysterious. I have shown some of those I consider the better models at shows, but do so relatively infrequently due to the effort and logistics of getting to often far-flung venues, not to mention the accelerated ageing effect on the models themselves, in transporting them. Inspiration comes from the great model makers such as Henri Baigent, Gerald Wingrove, also my friends involved in the same hobby and in particular folk like John Shinton here in the UK and especially Andy Matthews from America who produces 'gems', which are wonderful to study. Hopefully that covers everything; now all it remains is to enjoy! MRO, August 2010
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Tee-II
Bizarre & Lifestyle
Per Mertesacker ruled out of Arsenal's derby against Chelsea
Per Mertesacker looks set to be ruled out of Arsenal's derby against Chelsea although the defender has escaped any serious ankle ligament damage.
Mertesacker, captain during the long absence of Mikel Arteta, limped off during the second half of the FA Cup semi-final against Reading at Wembley on Saturday.
There were fears of a serious injury for the 6ft 6in German after he twisted the joint but subsequent scans have shown it is a minor sprain.
He is not expected to be fit in time for Sunday, however, and likely to be replaced at centre-half by Gabriel Paulista, who has started three times in the Barclays Premier League since he was signed in January from Villarreal.
Chelsea come into the match with a 10-point lead over their London rivals and will need to capitulate in spectacular fashion to not take the Premier League title.
Second-placed Arsenal, on 66 points, lead Manchester United on 65 and Manchester City on 64.
Credit: Matt Lawless/SportsMail
Be sociable, share your opinion!
Post a Comment :)
VIDEO: Voting & counting at controversial Nigeria Governors' Forum election
An amateur footage of the May 24 Nigeria Governors' Forum election during which Rivers State Governor, Rotimi Amaechi, was reelected chairman after he defeated his only challenger, Jonah Jang of Plateau State 19 votes to 16 has emerged.
With his mobile phone, Governor Rauf Aregbesola of Osun captured most of the proceedings of an election that featured intense maneuvering from governors on a clear divide, either in support or against Governor Jonah Jang of Plateau state.
VIDEO AFTER THE BREAK
Jessica Alba Showcases Her Post-Pregnancy Figure In A Bright Bikini
Cash Warren couldn't keep his eyes off his wife of three-and-a-half years as they frolicked on the beach - and it's easy to see why.
Jessica Alba wowed on in Cabo San Lucas, wearing a bright pink bikini as she enjoys a Mexican break with her family and friends.
The actress only gave birth to her second daughter Haven four months ago but showed off her extremely toned stomach as she paddled in the warm water yesterday.
more pictures as you read on
Prime Minister, David Cameron resigns after Britain vote to leave European Union
David Cameron has resigned as Prime Minister after Britain voted to leave the European Union.
With the Leave campaign securing 52 per cent of the vote, Mr Cameron addressed the nation in an emotional speech outside 10 Downing Street to announce that he would be stepping down.


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Do you want to work for a customer, and staff, focused award winning company? We are looking for additional support for our very busy installation team; we are looking for motivated and driven individuals.
The role is part of a team rota meaning you may be required to work some weekends and evenings.
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Georgia's Technology Institute to be Fully Operational in 7 Years
TBILISI – Construction of Georgia's Technology Institute will start in the nation's capital Tbilisi on May 23.
The institute will include master's and PhD programs and will conduct innovative research in physics, chemistry and biology; as well as mathematics, engineering and computer technology, according to the future institute's official mission statement.
Construction of the institute will take up to seven years, the institute's executive director, Temur Lomtadze, said. He added that similar such projects also were recently implemented in Italy and Austria, where the sites later become important treatment centers for patients.
The Technology Institute will be located on 24.000 hectares of land in Tbilisi's Digomi district.
The project is fully funded by Cartu, a fund owned by Georgia's eccentric oligarch and ex-prime minister, Bidzina Ivanishvili.
By Ana Akhalaia


In Alef's previous blog entry about the JTeam Technology Matrix, he explained the basic idea of using a BCG-matrix to classify technologies. In this blog entry I'll focus on the 'Star' section of our current matrix and highlight some of the technologies that are currently in there. Star technologies are the technologies that bring us added value in the projects that we do, but are also cool and innovative to use. Please keep in mind that the content of the matrix is under constant discussion and is subject to change. This overview should therefore be considered a snapshot of today's matrix.
We think it makes sense to use S3 if it fits your needs, it is particularly well suited for backup solutions.
Traditional EC2 uses have been hosting temporary (non critical) infrastructure or performing computationally intensive tasks. For these use cases EC2 is very well suited. As of recently you can assign a server a static IP address and have the ability to persist data through server restarts. This makes EC2 a more attractive choice to consider for hosting a production site. The webservice interface that AWS provides allows you to build a true cloud infrastructure on top of EC2 (e.g. start up another server if the load reaches a certain threshold and stop that server again when the load goes down).
We at JTeam use S3 for our internal and customer backups. Furthermore we use EC2 to host some of our project infrastructure like ScrumWorks, TeamCity, Artifactory and the like. We also use EC2 to host UAT environments for our customers. So far we have not used it to host production environments on it.
DDD is not a technology or a methodology. It is a way of thinking and a set of design practices, techniques and principles aimed at accelerating software projects. DDD was pioneered by Eric Evans in his book Domain-Driven Design.
In our opinion DDD is a good way to professionalize the contact with our client / domain expert. It also allows us to shows the benefit of using DDD directly to the client. DDD really fits our way of working (e.g. Agile, close customer contact and fixed budget), because it provides an easy bridge between the customer requirements and the code. It allows the client to almost read the code as it is delivered. Because of this readability, it also is much better fitted to testing and documenting user stories.
GWT is our preferred way to develop advanced RIAs (assuming certain prerequisites like no requirements related to SEO). We use it for developing backend / administrative interfaces in an intuitive manner. The main reason why we prefer to use GWT is that it allows us to build Swing like / fat client applications that run in any web browser. For users, this means no need to install software to run the application, while still getting an intuitive UI. Of course there are several ways to develop RIAs, but GWT has our preference because it allows us to write applications in our preferred language: Java. The added value of this is that we can reuse all of our tools and best practices (e.g. IDE, build environment and TDD).
We have been using GWT for some time now and even wrote a book about it. However, we feel GWT is still innovative and cool, as new features are added with every release and there is still a lot of innovation to do there. Therefore, it is definitely a star technology.
IoC: Using simple yet powerful dependency injection, one can maintain a clean code base even for the most complex applications. But DI is not enough – the framework promotes event driven development to the max by providing an infrastructure for application level events. This greatly simplifies the interaction between the different modules/component of the application.
SpringRpc: This module provide simple support classes to integrate a GWT application with the Spring Framework. Although there are several such integration libraries out there, this module tries to make full use of the latest features in Spring. It uses the component scanning mechanism to pick up services in the application context that should be exposed to the GWT client application. In addition, custom namespaces are defined which simplify development even more.
Widget: The widget module contains different kind of widgets that can be used to create advance RIAs. There are many widgets out there already, but they are either GPL licensed or not as advance as you typically need.
Mockito is innovative because it represents the state-of-the-art in Java mocking frameworks. It has taken the best practices and the best ideas pioneered by previous mocking frameworks, and applied these in the best way possible. It allows unit tests to be both more expressive and easier to read. In comparison, EasyMock – another currently popular mocking framework – tends to produce more over-specification, resulting in more brittle tests. Finally Mockito's idiom is both simple and consistent, making mocking easier to learn for TDD newbies.
As a result, Mockito adds value to our business by helping us make our code more robust and easier to maintain and evolve. In the coming years we expect Mockito to become mainstream, and succeed EasyMock as the de-facto standard Java mocking solution.
Rob van Maris' blog post titled Easier mocking with Mockito describes how to use Mockito and how it compares to EasyMock.
Agile software development is a combination of technical, social and organizational aspects. It requires a matching set of engineering and project management practices. This is where Scrum fits in.
Scrum is a lightweight framework for project management that promotes the Agile Principles. It complements our engineering practices and promotes the same core values (organizational learning, quality, personal development, fun). We have applied Scrum in various projects and like the way it contributes to success factors like transparency, customer involvement, focus, productivity, motivation and self-improvement. On the other hand, Scrum has introduced new challenges regarding how we sell projects and services, how we manage projects and how we manage resources.
There is currenlty a lot of hype surrounding Scrum, and many seem to regard it as a silver bullet. Someday the hype will be over, but by then Agile software development will have become (almost) mainstream.
Solr is definitely one of the biggest stars (if not *the* biggest). Solr is a Lucene based search server which makes enterprise search available as a service. Not only does it bring together all Lucene/search best practices in one box, but it also extends on Lucene's basic search functionality with powerful features like faceted classification, statistics, and a powerful and extensible query language. Due to an open and extensible architecture, it is very easy to extend Solr with even more functionality (for example, there's already an extension which integrates document clustering functionality to search results). Ok, so it's a powerful search server, but why is it a star? Simply because search is growing big… very big. In the last 2-3 years we've witnessed it first hand from our clients. Perhaps it's the Web 2.0 era, or maybe its the proliferation of information that has grown too big to handle, but more and more companies realize that their products cannot do without a good powerful search functionality. We can honestly say that in the last 2 years more than 85% of the projects we did had some form of search integration requirement, most of which grew with time with features and functionality. Today, Solr (and search in general) sells itself. Solr already started to gain good reputation and if 2 years ago we had to explain companies what Solr is and what it can do for them, today customer already know that Solr is what they want and come to us for our Solr expertise.
Wicket is a Java framework for web applications. A big difference compared to many other web frameworks is that it does not require a special language (e.g. JSP), just Java and HTML. Furthermore, Wicket is component oriented. Each component is responsible for only a small piece of a web page. Components are reusable which allows you draw from an extensive collection of existing components. These components come from Wicket itself, but also from the open source community. Of course it is possible to build your own collection. This way of working leads, even for very complicated screens, to highly maintainable applications.
Almost every sentence in the paragraph above indicates why Wicket is cool, innovative and productive. Wicket is actively supported and developed and is therefore an excellent choice into the future.
I hope this blog entry gives you some insight into the technologies / methodologies that we at JTeam feel are interesting both from an innovation perspective as well as from an added value perspective. As mentioned before, maintaining this matrix is an ongoing effort, therefore this list is subject to change.
In the future you can expect updates as well as blog posts about the other parts of the technology matrix (which will lead to a lot more controversy ;-)).
I often felt that GWT is not a good UI solution. It seems that object-oriented languages are quite verbose with respect to UI code and that hierarchical (XML) languages are better in this aspect. From this perspective, GWT maximizes the *disadvantages*. I'd be interested to hear your thoughts about GWT.
I totally understand and appreciate your opinion on the subject. From my experience this is very much a subjective issue. We're talking about two completely different programming styles – some people feel more comfortable with a markup language while others (perhaps those who're more Java and Swing oriented). Personally, I find the "Swing-like" style easier to grasp and develop and the fact that all code (presentation and logic) is written in one language makes it easier *for me* to work with and maintain. Another aspect to consider is that type of application you're actually developing. I think it is very important to choose the right technology for the right problem. If you ask me, I wouldn't go ahead and for example develop a public website with GWT simple because I don't believe it's the right technology (there are more issues than development style here to consider – SEO for example). In JTeam we see GWT as a perfect technology for developing back office and management consoles applications, in which the richness of the UI is much more evident and plays a stronger role. That all being said, the good news is that the next GWT release (2.0) will come with support for template binding – that is, you'll be able to define your UI in a markup language and bind it to the GWT java code.


Rafael Murua Manrique, director of the community radio station Radiokashana, was reported missing since January 19th, 2019 and his body was found the next day in Baja California Sur. He is the first journalist killed so far this year.
The governor of Baja California Sur, Carlos Mendoza Davis, condemned the murder of the communicator, and instructed the Attorney General's Office (PGJ in its Spanish acronym) to exhaust all lines of investigation to clarify the fact.
For its part, the group Foot Journalists (Periodistas de a pie) warned that the victim had received threats.
This entry was posted on Monday, January 28th, 2019 at 11:32 pm and is filed under impunity, journalists, Mexico, Uncategorized.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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Besturn T77 will be the Most Expensive FAW SUV
Auto Shows/ Events, Chinese Cars, International, News
First photos of FAW Besturn T77 SUV have surfaced the Chinese media. The T77 SUV is based on the FAW T-Concept that was displayed at the Beijing Auto Show in April 2018.
Related: FAW All Set to Launch Jumpal D80 SUV in China
The 7-seater T77 SUV, will be the biggest and the most expensive SUV positioned under FAW's Besturn sub brand umbrella. Compared to the T-Concept, the overall design of the production version has not changed much, but some details still differ. More importantly, the characteristic radiator grille with interesting curved profile remain in place.
Front optics has become somewhat simpler in design. Also to a more classic look led side mirrors and door handles. And in the overall design of the car has become somewhat easier in favor of the cost of production. At this stage, the rear-end remains a mystery.
Related: FAW Senia R9 SUV Launched in China
The flagship T77 SUV will reportedly be powered by a 1.2 liter turbocharged engine with 145hp. As for the dimensions, the prototype T-Concept measured 4,528 mm, in length, 1,929 mm in width and 1,669 mm in height and had a wheelbase of 2,710 mm. Further details are yet to be disclosed by the company.
The FAW Besturn T77 SUV is expected to be launched in Chinese car market by early 2019, with prices estimated to start at 130,000 yuan (PKR 23.4 lac).
The FAW T-Concept at 2018 Beijing Auto Show:
Tags:Beijing Auto ShowBesturnFAWT-ConceptT77
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Human beings are not a virus
Published by admin on June 3, 2020 June 3, 2020
Fintan O'Toole likened human beings to a 'toxic virus', and a 'relentless foulness' from 'the Earth's point of view', in his article about the Sign of the Times survey on public perceptions of climate change. This has become a recurring theme expressed throughout the pandemic, even as we bear witness to one of humanity's greatest outpourings of compassion, kindness and solidarity. The relentless foulness is not humanity at large, but merely one method of human economic organising – endless consumption, powered by fossil fuels.
I understand why O'Toole and so many others feel caught in a cycle of hopeless guilt and misanthropy. It feels correct, easy, right to blame oneself and blame a common and natural human selfishness. Yet that ashamed response feels like a well-worn slip road precisely because it fits another dominant overarching narrative: 'pull yourself up by your bootstraps'. Or, more relevant to the Irish context: 'we all partied'.
This phrase was used during the last economic crash to obscure the responsibility of its powerful perpetrators — dissipating blame to all Irish people, who received austerity as punishment for perceived personal failings. Yet numerous experts have shown since that the root causes of that banking crisis were caused by structural cyclical faults in capitalism itself as well as what O'Toole described in his book Ship of Foolsas widespread incompetence and corruption in the banking and property sectors.
It is widely assumed that fossil fuels are fundamental to the development of a modern economy. Naturally, in the modern era, human flourishing and the reduction of poverty have been based on oil, gas and coal. Yet environmental historians such as Andreas Malm, Stefanie Barca and Simon Pirani have shown that our reliance on fossil fuels is not normal, nor inevitable.
It was, and is, a political choice that served the needs of but one of a myriad of forms of human economic organising – consumptive capitalism. From the choice of coal-fired steam power over cheap water and wind at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to undermine co-operation and burgeoning trade unionism. And the prevalence of motorways and the personal car in Europe post WWII, driven by the US Marshall Plan, which sought to secure regional reliance on US-owned fossil fuel reserves and prevent dependency on the USSR.
O'Toole points out how baffling it is that climate change was widely known to be happening from the 1980s, yet nothing was done. What is not pointed out is that — as revealed by Pulitzer prize finalist series #ExxonKnew by Inside Climate News in 2015 and Dutch journalist Jelmer Mommers of De Correspondent on Royal Dutch Shell in 2018 — during the 1980s, the world's most powerful fossil fuel corporations had planned to switch their business model to renewables on the advice of their own scientists.
Profit margins won out, however, and these companies instead threw their considerable resources behind a public and political misinformation campaign about the scale of the climate crisis. Academics were bribed, think-tanks were established and political representatives funded in a concerted effort to undermine the authority of the world's finest climate scientists.
When cracks began to show in this strategy in the early 2000s due to a more educated public, fossil fuel companies began to focus on an another strategy – the dissipation of responsibility. As tracked by journalist Meehan Crist, British Petroleum – one of 100 companies responsible for 71 per cent of climate change — sponsored the first carbon footprint calculators in a $100 million US campaign in 2005.
Public-private partnerships with industry, governments and NGOs proliferated to promote the need for individual responsibility and austerity – precisely because it was proven to have little or no impact in reducing fossil fuel use. Today, renewable energy amounts to a mere 3% of BP's total capital expenditure, while it initiated 13 new fossil fuel projects in 2017 and 2018.
The absurdity and futile nature of such individualised 'footprint' campaigns came into sharp focus in Ireland during the Ros Dumhach (Rossport), Co Mayo, conflict against Shell – another of the 100 climate-responsible companies. As local fishermen and farmers who opposed its gas pipeline were intimidated by Shell and falsely imprisoned in 2005, a year later the Government started the Power of One advertising campaign that called on households reduce their consumption of fossil gas by switching off lights.
According to the ESRI, the campaign left no lasting impact on consumer behaviour, despite a cost of €10 million. Indeed, in 2013, the Government spent almost twice as much conducting a seismic survey of Ireland's sea-floor for the private oil and gas industry, causing major damage to marine life including dolphins, whales and plankton. Today, child climate strikers and climate-vulnerable countries such as the Philippines are fast undermining fossil fuel dependency by taking Exxon and Shell to court for damages under tort and human rights law.
The fact that individualising blame for pollution and climate action obscures true responsibility is not the only reason why it should be avoided. There is a fine line between presenting humans as a 'virus' on the earth, and presenting humans as a species in need of a 'cull'. Both arguments stoke racist, colonial, eugenic and simply misanthropic arguments that historically have diverted attention from the actions of those that benefit most from a vastly unequal socio-economic system.
The history of climate action at an international level follows a similar tune of the powerful bullying the poor and obfuscating the truth. The United Nations agreements to tackle climate change have been one long battle by developing countries and sinking small island states against the same dominant narrative that 'we all partied'. The hard-won 'climate justice' Article 3 of the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) states that all parties to the treaty have 'common but differentiated responsibilities' in tackling climate change. This is a recognition that, while all countries and peoples contribute to pollution, they do so to completely different degrees.
Wealthy people and wealthy countries overwhelming contribute most emissions to the atmosphere. A 2015 study by Oxfam revealed the world's richest 10% produce half of all carbon emissions while the poorest 3.5 billion account for just a tenth. Carbon space is limited and, in economies still largely based on fossil fuels, developing countries – many of them former colonies — needed that space to rise out of poverty. These countries argued from the 1970s that the moral duty to tackle climate change, as explicitly stated within Article 3 of the UNFCCC, is primarily on the wealthy to cut their emissions and bear the financial burden of action.
In response to this moral claim, 'moral panic' campaigns about world over-population gained popularity in wealthy countries such as the United States under the Clinton administration. Think-tanks such as the UK's Population Matters argued that developing countries were causing climate change and their own poverty because they had simply too many citizens. There would be plenty of wealth and carbon space for everyone if poor people simply stopped procreating. Rich countries were encouraged to do all they could to fund population control programmes in, and increase restrictions on migrants from, poorer countries as the prospect of a better life for their children encouraged larger families.
It is worth noting that these well-worn racist, colonial — and indeed Malthusian — arguments were also used during the Irish famine to support the laissez-faire and utilitarian economics of the colonial British administration. It was au fait at the time for hobbyist environmentalists amongst the gentry to pontificate on whether the exotic Irish landscape was being damaged by an overpopulating 'Papist poor'. Others, such as William Morris and Oscar Wilde, offered more sophisticated arguments, pointing to reliance on inequality and relentless market consumption as driving desperation.
Extinction Rebellion poster
So, in our dire climatic moment, with people expressing disillusion and powerlessness in the Sign of the Times survey on climate, where is the hope? O'Toole calls for 'effective collective action'. Buoyed by our present solidarity, let us look to Ireland's own historical fights to protect the environment and each other.
In the 1970s, Ireland was the home of one of the first and most successful anti-nuclear campaigns in the world. To defeat the building of a nuclear plant at Carnsore point, Co. Wexford, whole swathes of Irish society bonded together for a common cause.
Trade unions within the ESB took a leading role in educating their members, passing motions at ICTU conferences opposing nuclear energy in Ireland due its public health risks, connection to militarisation and low-quality jobs. Local, nationwide and international public support was built with doctors, nurses, farmers, faith groups, the anti-war movement and environmentalists. Artists, musicians and youth culture rallied around a profound joyous cultural moment in Irish history: organising Ireland's first 'Woodstock' and outdoor musical festival – the Anti-Nuclear Power Show at Carnsore Point. The gigs ran for three years between 1978 to 1980 and featured Christy Moore, Chris De Burgh, the Hothouse Flowers, Clannad and The Dubliners. It evoked such a powerful and positive reaction, it helped inspire No Nukes concerts across the world.
Anti Nuclear Power Show poster, 1978
The anti-nuclear campaign thrived because it was based on a joyful re-envisioning of a peaceful, pollution and exploitation-free future — and there is no doubt that the fossil fuel industry learnt from the mistakes of its pro-nuclear cousins. In a leaked Shell memo from 1998 called 'Group Scenarios 1998-2020', the company predicted that public outrage against fossil fuel companies would soon build to the point that young people would protest in the streets, that court cases would be taken across the globe and direct action campaigns would escalate. The fossil fuel industry predicted the school strikers, the growing wave of climate litigation and Extinction Rebellion.
Humans are not a virus. Fossil fuel companies have been preparing for our present moment for decades. Make no mistake: the shame and guilt we feel through the individualisation of climate action is a deliberate ploy to obscure the root causes of climate change in company investment strategies and the state policies to facilitate them. That unfettered power and profit-seeking is our virus and rightly our focus for O'Toole's 'effective collective action'.
Let us build on the anti-nuclear movement's positivity and collective re-envisioning of the future as we rebuild our world post-Covid19. Let us build a just transition to get there, for publicly-owned renewables, for an end to energy poverty, for an end to energy produced through exploitation at home or abroad.
Author: Sinéad Mercier
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How do we achieve a just transition from fossil fuels?
October 5th 2016 That was the question addressed by a climate change conference held this summer by environmental groups and Read more
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[cs_content][cs_section parallax="false" style="margin: 0px;padding: 45px 0px;"][cs_row inner_container="true" marginless_columns="false" style="margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;"][cs_column fade="false" fade_animation="in" fade_animation_offset="45px" fade_duration="750" type="1/1" style="padding: 0px;"][x_feature_box title="The Read more
Categories: Covid19OpinionPollution
Tags: Fossil Fuelsjust transition irelandnuclear
Opposition to mining in Clare grows as licensing looms
6 July 2022 Over recent months, local opposition has been building against possible mineral prospecting in east Clare. Resistance in East Clare Opposition was largely spurred on by the publication of a prospecting licence, Read more…
Opinion: The Citizens' Assembly on Biodiversity Loss starts this weekend. Here's why that's so important.
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Becky named this quilt "A Little Bit Modern". She used modern batiks by Hoffman International Fabrics. This bold and beautiful quilt is sure to put a smile on your face!
Join us for some Quilty Fun working on Lori Holt's row of the month!
Quilty Pleasures is once again proud to host Ryan's Case for Smiles pillowcase sew-in! For people who love to sew, it's easy to lift spirits and provide comfort to hospitalized kids, homeless families and others in need. Please come and join us to sew pillowcases that will be donated to various children's hospitals, such as Ronald McDonald House and City of Hope. We will gladly accept donations of fabric or fully completed pillowcases if you are unable to make it to our sew-in.
Come join us at QP and let us show you how to make this gorgeous Batik bench pillow!
Join Betsy every second Tuesday of the Month for our ByAnnie Club. We will work on all patterns ByAnnie.
In this class, you will learn to layer (sandwich), straight-line quilting and binding your quilt.
Let us show your child how to quilt this summer! Each student will make a complete quilt as pictured. They will learn how to select fabric, read a pattern, sew half square triangles, flying geese, piecing techniques, layering, straight line quilting and binding. Students will not be using a rotary cutter due to liability reasons. Students must have fabric selected at least one week prior to the first lesson.
Come join us every first and third Wednesday of the month for fun and frivolity while we work on our Lori Holt projects, such as Bee Happy, Farm Girl Vintage, Quilty Fun, Bake Sale and others!
Learn how easy it is to quilt on your domestic machine. Cathy will demonstrate basic quilting designs and guide you during this quickie class to help you gain the skill and confidence of free motion quilting. Each class will focus on one specific quilting design. Quilt designs will include traveling leaf vines (perfect for borders!), curlie-Q's, hearts, pebbles, swirls, meandering, stippling, puzzle pieces, flower chain, feathers and much, much more!
Join us for Open Sew, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday 10:00am - 5:00pm, and Thursday 10:00am to 9:00pm. Come and sew with your friends all day for only $5.00! We have plenty of open workspace, comfortable seating, a friendly atmosphere and knowledgeable staff to help you with your projects.
Learn this weaving technique to add a punch to your placemats!
In this class, you will be provided with in-depth instruction on how to use the beginning Westalee Template Sets.
Come join us every second and fourth Wednesday of the month for a rip roaring good time! Becky is at the shop to provide assistance on any project you would like to work on.


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Research & Technology Center: Process Technology
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U. S. Steel's Process Technology Section teams leverage their deep process know-how and advanced lab facilities to help customers develop the most effective and environmentally sustainable applications. Our experts also provide computational modeling, technical assistance and failure analysis to support U. S. Steel's own research activities and operations across all areas of the business, from ironmaking to finishing.
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Our Steelmaking and Casting Team identifies opportunities, evaluates technologies and assists in the selection and implementation of new processes. The team is closely involved in projects aimed at developing sophisticated models to control and enhance processes, achieve energy/mass balances at minimal cost, increase process capabilities with new technologies, and improve process consistency for product quality and higher efficiencies. The group is also heavily involved in developing plant-level operational improvements, often traveling to operating facilities to ensure that key improvements are implemented effectively.
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Court Rules that Indigent Defendant not Entitled to Choose Appointed Counsel
The court held that the defendant was not entitled to substitution of counsel. It also held that the trial court did not err in allowing the prosecution to amend its witness list, or in scoring OV 1. He was convicted of armed robbery and resisting or obstructing a police officer. He was sentenced to 51 months to 20 years' imprisonment for the robbery conviction and time served (180 days) for the resisting or obstructing conviction. On appeal, the court rejected his argument that the trial court improperly denied his request for substitution of counsel, noting that "[b]ecause defendant's generalized complaint 'lacked specificity and did not involve a difference of opinion with regard to a fundamental trial tactic,' it did not warrant substitution of counsel." Further, counsel "participated fully in the trial and advocated for defendant at sentencing. Apart from the fact that defendant has not claimed that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel, there is simply nothing in the record to suggest that any of the situations identified in Cronic occurred here." The court also rejected his argument that the trial court abused its discretion when it allowed the prosecution to amend its witness list to include a witness (TP) to be called at trial, finding he made no showing of prejudice. "Defendant knew how to contact [TP] because he said he had been to her house and he provided her contact information to the police. [He] also knew the substance of [TP's] testimony. After [he] disclosed that he had been with [TP] at the time of the robbery, a detective contacted [TP]. She did not confirm defendant's claim and the detective confronted defendant with that fact. Further, defense counsel admitted that [she] had been identified 'in the police reports from day one' and that those reports, as well as [TP's] written statement, had been provided to him several months earlier." Finally, the court rejected his argument that the trial court erred in scoring OV 1. "The victim testified that he saw the barrel of a semi-automatic handgun protruding from defendant's pocket. Based on the security video of the robbery and still shots taken therefrom, the trial court found that the object was 'a gun for sure' and that defendant pointed it 'straight out there' at or toward the victim. There is nothing in the record to suggest that the gun was anything other than a firearm." Affirmed.
Right to counsel; U.S. Const. amend. VI; Const. 1963, art. 1, § 20; People v. Marsack; The right to effective assistance of counsel; People v. Meissner; People v. Pickens; Principle that an indigent defendant does not have the right to counsel of his choice;People v. Flores; Principle that an indigent defendant is not entitled to have new counsel appointed "whenever and for whatever reason dissatisfaction arises with counsel provided for him"; People v. Bradley; Appointment of substitute counsel upon a showing of good cause and where substitution will not unreasonably disrupt the judicial process; People v. Mack; "Good cause" defined; People v. O'Brien; People v. Charles O. Williams; People v. Harlan; Whether a defendant's "general unhappiness with counsel's representation" constitutes good cause for substitution of counsel;People v. Strickland; Witness list amendment; MCL 767.40a; Sentencing; Scoring of OV 1; MCL 777.31; "Weapon" defined; People v. Lange


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Google maps the Thames
Port of London Authority (PLA)
Google has completed mapping 360 different views of the River Thames as part of its global Street View with the aid of specialist survey equipment aboard the Port of London Authority's hydrographic vessel, Yantlet.
The vessel carried the equipment, which takes pictures every 2.5 seconds, along 30 miles of the river through London following an invitation from the PLA, which is responsible for its 95 mile route stretching from Teddington Lock to the North Sea.
According to Google, the Thames exercise is now one of the Street View's 'special projects' alongside the Grand Canyon and the penguins of the Antarctic, each surveyed using similar equipment, which includes a tricycle based camera system. It is the first river in Europe to be mapped with the technology. PLA hydrographer John Pinder says the Port is now working with the online search agency in a comparable venture to map London's canals.
Coda Octopus has successfully integrated its Echoscope4G Surface real-time 3D sonar on AVIC IET's Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) to enable easier offshore surveying....
Sonar added to ASV for offshor... 30/01/19
Part-funded by the European Regional Development Fund, Marine-i is a collaborative project providing the infrastructure, expertise and support to enable marine technology innovation in Cornwall and Isles of Scilly....
Marine-i supports two USV vent... 18/07/18
A global offshore pipeline installation and subsea construction company will use Sonardyne International's GyroUSBL acoustic positioning technology for its latest pipe laying contract....
Acoustic positioning technolog... 30/04/18


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Q: C# Left join in LINQ Not sure how to convert the following sql into a LINQ expression. My db does use referential integrity and table Content is related to table Content_Training in a 1 to many relationship (ex: 1 content can have many content_trainings).
select c.ContentId, c.Name, ct.TrainingTypeId
from dbo.Content c left join dbo.ContentTraining ct on c.ContentId = ct.ContentId
where c.ExpirationDate is not null
order by ct.TrainingTypeId, c.Name

I have tried this, which seems to work. However, I am not certain about the usage of the "let" keyword.
var data = (from c in context.Contents
let ct = ( from t in context.Content_Training where t.ContentId == c.ContentId
select new { t.TrainingTypeId } ).FirstOrDefault()
where c.ExpirationDate.HasValue
orderby ct.TrainingTypeId, c.Name
select new { c.ContentId, c.Name, ct.TrainingTypeId } ).ToList();

A: Alternatively, you might consider using lambda instead of expression syntax. I haven't tried this but this should get you what you need (if what you need is a left join).
var foo = context.Contents.Include( "Content_Training" )
    .Where( c => c.ExpirationDate != null )
    .OrderBy( c => c.Content_Training.TrainingTypeId )
    .ThenBy( c => c.Name
    .Select( c => new { c.ContentId, c.Name, c.Content_Training.TrainingTypeId } );

A: For left join, you need to use DefaultIfEmpty()
Your query should be something similar to this:
var query = from c in Content
            join ct in ContentTraining
            on c.ContentId equals ct.ContentId into g
            from ct in g.DefaultIfEmpty()
            where c.ExpirationDate != null
            select new
            {
                c.ContentId,
                c.Name,
                ct.TrainingTypeId
             }).ToList();

Please refer to Left outer join in linq
and
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb397895.aspx

A: in LINQ it would be:
from c in dbo.Content
join ct in dbo.ContentTraining on c.ContentId equals ct.ContentId
where c.ExpirationDate != null
orderby ct.TrainingTypeId, c.Name
select new
{
    ContentID = c.ContentId,
    Name = c.Name,
    TrainingTypeId = ct.TrainingTypeId
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Study Guide NO FEAR Translation
Book 1: Recalled to Life, Chapter 1: The Period
Book 1, Chapter 2: The Mail
Book 1, Chapter 3: The Night Shadows
Book 1, Chapter 4: The Preparation
Book 1, Chapter 5: The Wine Shop
Book 1, Chapter 6: The Shoemaker
Book 2: The Golden Thread, Chapter 1: Five Years Later
Book 2, Chapter 2: A Sight
Book 2, Chapter 3: A Disappointment
Book 2, Chapter 4: Congratulatory
Book 2, Chapter 5: The Jackal
Book 2, Chapter 6: Hundreds of People
Book 2, Chapter 7: Monseigneur in Town
Book 2, Chapter 8: Monseigneur in the Country
Book 2, Chapter 9: The Gorgon's Head
Book 2, Chapter 10: Two Promises
Book 2, Chapter 11: A Companion Picture
Book 2, Chapter 12: The Fellow of Delicacy
Book 2, Chapter 13: The Fellow of No Delicacy
Book 2, Chapter 14: The Honest Tradesman
Book 2, Chapter 15: Knitting
Book 2, Chapter 16: Still Knitting
Book 2, Chapter 17: One Night
Book 2, Chapter 18: Nine Days
Book 2, Chapter 19: An Opinion
Book 2, Chapter 20: A Plea
Book 2, Chapter 21: Echoing Footsteps
Book 2, Chapter 22: The Sea Still Rises
Book 2, Chapter 23: Fire Rises
Book 2, Chapter 24: Drawn to the Loadstone Rock
Book 3: The Track of a Storm, Chapter 1: In Secret
Book 3, Chapter 2: The Grindstone
Book 3, Chapter 3: The Shadow
Book 3, Chapter 4: Calm in Storm
Book 3, Chapter 5: The Wood-Sawyer
Book 3, Chapter 6: Triumph
Book 3, Chapter 7: A Knock at the Door
Book 3, Chapter 8: A Hand at Cards
Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made
Book 3, Chapter 10: The Substance of the Shadow
Book 3, Chapter 11: Dusk
Book 3, Chapter 12: Darkness
Book 3, Chapter 13: Fifty-two
Book 3, Chapter 14: The Knitting Done
Book 3, Chapter 15: The Footsteps Die Out For Ever
Book 3 Chapter 9
page Book 3 Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 4
Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 3
Table of Contents Characters Book 1: Recalled to Life, Chapter 1: The Period Book 1, Chapter 2: The Mail Book 1, Chapter 3: The Night Shadows Book 1, Chapter 4: The Preparation Book 1, Chapter 5: The Wine Shop Book 1, Chapter 6: The Shoemaker Book 2: The Golden Thread, Chapter 1: Five Years Later Book 2, Chapter 2: A Sight Book 2, Chapter 3: A Disappointment Book 2, Chapter 4: Congratulatory Book 2, Chapter 5: The Jackal Book 2, Chapter 6: Hundreds of People Book 2, Chapter 7: Monseigneur in Town Book 2, Chapter 8: Monseigneur in the Country Book 2, Chapter 9: The Gorgon's Head Book 2, Chapter 10: Two Promises Book 2, Chapter 11: A Companion Picture Book 2, Chapter 12: The Fellow of Delicacy Book 2, Chapter 13: The Fellow of No Delicacy Book 2, Chapter 14: The Honest Tradesman Book 2, Chapter 15: Knitting Book 2, Chapter 16: Still Knitting Book 2, Chapter 17: One Night Book 2, Chapter 18: Nine Days Book 2, Chapter 19: An Opinion Book 2, Chapter 20: A Plea Book 2, Chapter 21: Echoing Footsteps Book 2, Chapter 22: The Sea Still Rises Book 2, Chapter 23: Fire Rises Book 2, Chapter 24: Drawn to the Loadstone Rock Book 3: The Track of a Storm, Chapter 1: In Secret Book 3, Chapter 2: The Grindstone Book 3, Chapter 3: The Shadow Book 3, Chapter 4: Calm in Storm Book 3, Chapter 5: The Wood-Sawyer Book 3, Chapter 6: Triumph Book 3, Chapter 7: A Knock at the Door Book 3, Chapter 8: A Hand at Cards Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 2 Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 3 Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 4 Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 5 Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 6 Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 7 Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 8 Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 9 Book 3, Chapter 10: The Substance of the Shadow Book 3, Chapter 11: Dusk Book 3, Chapter 12: Darkness Book 3, Chapter 13: Fifty-two Book 3, Chapter 14: The Knitting Done Book 3, Chapter 15: The Footsteps Die Out For Ever How to Cite
Modern Text
"I forgot it," he said. "I forgot it," he said.
Mr. Lorry's eyes were again attracted to his face. Taking note of the wasted air which clouded the naturally handsome features, and having the expression of prisoners' faces fresh in his mind, he was strongly reminded of that expression. Mr. Lorry looked at his face again. He noticed a wasted look that tarnished his naturally handsome face and was reminded of the expression on the faces of prisoners he had seen lately.
"And your duties here have drawn to an end, sir?" said Carton, turning to him. "And your work here is coming to an end, sir?" said Carton, turning toward him.
"Yes. As I was telling you last night when Lucie came in so unexpectedly, I have at length done all that I can do here. I hoped to have left them in perfect safety, and then to have quitted Paris. I have my Leave to Pass. I was ready to go." "Yes. As I was telling you last night when Lucie came in so unexpectedly, I have finally done all I can do here. I had hoped to leave the Manettes perfectly safe and then to leave Paris. I have my pass, which allows me to leave the city. I was ready to go."
They were both silent. They were both silent.
"Yours is a long life to look back upon, sir?" said Carton, wistfully. "You have had a long life to look back on, sir?" said Carton thoughtfully.
"I am in my seventy-eighth year." "I am seventy-eight years old."
"You have been useful all your life; steadily and constantly occupied; trusted, respected, and looked up to?" "You have worked hard all your life. You have always been busy. You are trusted, respected, and looked up to?"
"I have been a man of business, ever since I have been a man. Indeed, I may say that I was a man of business when a boy." "I have been a businessman ever since I became a man. I was even a businessman when I was still a boy."
"See what a place you fill at seventy-eight. How many people will miss you when you leave it empty!" "Look at what you are doing at the age of seventy-eight. How many people will miss you when you die!"
"A solitary old bachelor," answered Mr. Lorry, shaking his head. "There is nobody to weep for me." "I am a lonely, old bachelor," answered Mr. Lorry, shaking his head. "Nobody will weep for me when I die."
"How can you say that? Wouldn't She weep for you? Wouldn't her child?" "How can you say that? Wouldn't Lucie weep for you? Wouldn't her daughter?"
"Yes, yes, thank God. I didn't quite mean what I said." "Yes, yes. Thank God. I didn't mean exactly what I said."
"It IS a thing to thank God for; is it not?" "It is something to thank God for, isn't it?"
"Surely, surely." "Of course."
"If you could say, with truth, to your own solitary heart, to-night, 'I have secured to myself the love and attachment, the gratitude or respect, of no human creature; I have won myself a tender place in no regard; I have done nothing good or serviceable to be remembered by!' your seventy-eight years would be seventy-eight heavy curses; would they not?" "If you could say truthfully tonight, 'No one has any love, attachment, gratitude, or respect for me. No one thinks of me tenderly. I have done nothing good or helpful to be remembered by!' the years you have lived would be a curse instead of a blessing, wouldn't they?"
"You say truly, Mr. Carton; I think they would be." "That's true, Mr. Carton. I think they would be."
Sydney turned his eyes again upon the fire, and, after a silence of a few moments, said: Sydney looked at the fire again. After sitting in silence for a few moments, he said:
"I should like to ask you: —Does your childhood seem far off? Do the days when you sat at your mother's knee, seem days of very long ago?" "I want to ask you. Does your childhood seem like it was a long time ago? Do the days when you sat at your mother's knee seem like a long time ago?"
Responding to his softened manner, Mr. Lorry answered: Mr. Lorry could see that Carton had softened. He answered:
"Twenty years back, yes; at this time of my life, no. For, as I draw closer and closer to the end, I travel in the circle, nearer and nearer to the beginning. It seems to be one of the kind smoothings and preparings of the way. My heart is touched now, by many remembrances that had long fallen asleep, of my pretty young mother (and I so old!), and by many associations of the days when what we call the World was not so real with me, and my faults were not confirmed in me." "Twenty years ago, yes. But at this time of my life, no, it doesn't. As I get closer and closer to death, it's as if I was traveling in a circle and moving nearer and nearer to the beginning. It seems to be one of the kind ways we prepare ourselves for death. I now remember fondly many memories that I had forgotten for a long time. Memories of my pretty mother and the times when I was young. Times when the world didn't seem so harsh to me and I didn't know my own faults."
"I understand the feeling!" exclaimed Carton, with a bright flush. "And you are the better for it?" "I understand that feeling!" exclaimed Carton, blushing. "And you are the better for it?"
"I hope so." "I hope so."
Carton terminated the conversation here, by rising to help him on with his outer coat; "But you," said Mr. Lorry, reverting to the theme, "you are young." Carton ended the conversation then by getting up to help Mr. Lorry put his coat on. "But you—you are young," said Mr. Lorry, returning to the subject.
Previous page Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 3 Next page Book 3, Chapter 9: The Game Made: Page 5
A Tale of Two Cities: Popular pages
CHARACTERS Sydney Carton: Character Analysis
MAIN IDEAS How is A Tale of Two Cities a critique of English society?


text:
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A Crowd in the Gardens, Swope Park, c1922
A Wagon Outside of the Missouri Paper House, c1911
City Market, c1906
F.W. Woolworth Company, Main Street, c1900
First National Bank, c1903
Grand Avenue, c1904
Jackson County Court House, c1906
Kansas City Skyline, c1930
Kansas City, c1869
Kansas City, Missouri, A Fountain for Horses, c1900
Kansas City, Missouri, Coates House Hotel, c1902
Kansas City, Missouri, Construction of Union Station, c1912
Kansas City, Missouri, Downtown Kansas City, c1906
Kansas City, Missouri, Grand Avenue from Above, c1908
Kansas City, Missouri, Kansas City Overview, c1915
Kansas City, Missouri, Kansas City Stockyards, c1936
Kansas City, Missouri, Looking Down Grand Avenue, c1905
Kansas City, Missouri, Main Street from Eighth Avenue, c1930
Kansas City, Missouri, Ninth Street, c1903
Kansas City, Missouri, On the Paseo, c1904
Kansas City, Missouri, Outside the Century Office Building, c1910


phplist forums • View topic - Fed up.
I don't think I am the only one battling with PHPList, I decided to suckin my pride of the time spent integrating and trying to get things to work to pay for a product.
Are you having issues we can help with? Don't give up on PHPList as it's a great product.


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text:
Strong GFC MSU truck driver program stalled for space
Peter Johnson
pjohnson@greatfallstribune.com
The long-awaited truck driver training course offered by Great Falls College MSU geared up to a successful start this summer, but is now idling while college administrators look for a big, empty parking lot in which students can practice for up to eight weeks at a stretch.
"We're space-constrained at the GFC MSU campus, since our parking lots are full when the academic year is in full swing," said workforce development director Mel Lehman.
School officials said area residents were clamoring for a commercial driver's license training program in northcentral Montana with demand increasing for well-paid truck driving jobs. They estimated Great Falls-area students might have to spend as much as $10,000 to get the training in Missoula or Billings from private schools, counting out of town food and lodging.
By hiring husband-and-wife instructors Bear Gallineaux and Delphine Bird from Browning and getting loan assistance from Embark Credit Union for students, GFC MSU was able to keep the CDL training costs to just over $3,000.
Eight students took the initial class that started in early July, when the college's southern parking lot was emptier during the lighter summer classes.
They achieved perfect success, with all eight students passing their state licensing exams and all eight receiving job offers, although three of the eight offers are still pending, Lehman said.
"One student even had quit his previous job to take our CDL classes," he said. "It's great to see that our programs help students lead better lives."
Great Falls College MSU would like to offer the truck driver training program every quarter if demand continues, he said, adding that it now has 26 potential students on its waiting list.
But space is the catch, with parking lots on three sides of the two-year vocational college filled most days into the evening when full classes are scheduled.
GFC MSU is looking into "squeezing in" a round of CDL classes in December, starting a week or two before finals week and going over the semester break, Lehman said, "but it might be a challenge to offer the program over the holidays when students and instructors want to spend time with their families."
It would be ideal if the college can figure out a way to continue offering the class next year on campus, he said, because it's parking lots are secure, lit and snow plowed when needed and it has an adjoining classroom and restrooms in the college building.
But, with the GFC MSU's frequently filled parking lots, school officials are seeking other sites that probably will be more expensive and less handy, Lehman said.
The school is looking for a CDL training location within 10 to 15 minutes of campus if possible that has:
About two acres of paved surface that can be dedicated for eight weeks at a time to CDL students. Classes are on weekdays, with weekends for optional practice. The classes last six weeks, with another two weeks reserved for those students seeking additional instruction and practice.
The parking lot should be in a secure location and lighted at night for late afternoon, winter practice and it should have a prompt snow removal service.
Access to a classroom for daily use.
Access to restrooms and a warming area
Adjacent parking for students and instructors.
To learn more or suggest a parking lot for CDL training, contact Great Falls College MSU officials Priscilla Azure, 771-4303, priscilla.azure@gfcmsu.edu or Linda McNeill, 454-3217, lmcneill@gfcmsu.edu.


October is the sweetest month. Its marks the advent of fall and all the colors I look forward to all year. It hastens the changing weather, which calls for my favorite layers to finally be liberated from the corners of my closet. Trader Joe's releases their new experiments with pumpkin spice and seemingly unrelatable food (Pumpkin Spice Cookie Butter? - absolutely).
October this year was particularly sweet because of the two lovely people featured below and their wonderful nuptials. Zachary and Rachel Scicluna, I hope these photographs will be a solemn and warm reminder of your guys' commitment to each other. May they bring you and your family laughter and tears of joy for many years to come. Thank you for entrusting your special moments to me.
P.S. A large thanks to my dear friend and assistant on this wedding, the wonderful Tanya Shatsillo. There are a number of wonderful photos below that are hers, and additionally she has posted some of her favorites from the wedding on her site here.


The Romanian EU presidency plans to hold a EU-Turkey summit in early March, foreign minister Teodor Melescanu said in Brussels on Tuesday, according to Turkish media. The summit would take place in Bucharest with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The last EU-Turkey summit was held in Bulgaria's Black Sea city of Varna in March 2018, during Bulgaria's term as president of the EU.


Toni Kroos last night channeled his inner-Steven Gerrard with a late wonder-goal to steal a win for Germany v Sweden..
At one point it looked like the World Cup champions were heading home from Russia, but the last gasp strike means they're still in a strong position, despite losing their opening game to Mexico.
Liverpool fans recognised how 'Gerrard' a moment it was, with our former captain famous for late goals when his team needed them most. The efforts against Olympiakos in the Champions League and West Ham in the FA Cup Final will live long in the memory, but Kroos, arguably the world's best midfielder right now, is writing his own history.
One Liverpool fan remembered how Brendan Rodgers infamously asked Gerrard to tap up the German – only for the prospective move to sadly fall flat on its face!
Kroos will never play for Liverpool, but our fans can appreciate greatness when we see it.