He showed a photo BCPs at 3400-3500 m: it's definitely dried looking than Almagre. He described the substrate "if you can call it soil". He showed graphs from Lamarche et al 1984 and Graybill and Idso 1993. Sheep Mt was now said to have 300 samples and to go to 2005 (also mentioned Pearl Peak, Mt Wahington). Showed chronologies which visually were not small in recent years.
He showed a picture of a core along the lines of pictures shown for Almagre at CA showing relatively wide recent widths as compared to the 19th century. He showed a plot with 50-year bins back to 3000 BC or so showing that the present widths were the widest since about 2000 BC (when there was also a period of wide ring widths).
He said that the increase could be attributed to temperature increase citing temperature stations at Barcroft and Crooked Creek.
Ababneh Fig. 5. Cold and warm periods as inferred from tree ring widths chronology (Ababneh, 2006, This study) fluctuations above and below the mean after normalizing, whole-bark and strip-bark chronologies are grouped together from two sites Patriarch Grove and Sheep Mountain.
Linah Ababneh's result are different than the results presented at AGU. Malcolm Hughes was on Linah Ababneh's thesis committee but did not mention her work which arrived at different conclusions than the ones presented here. Linah Ababneh's thesis said that the data would be archived at ITRDB, but Hughes and her other thesis supervisors did not archive the data. David Meko said that they had lost track of Ababneh although she was easily located. When asked about the data by a CA reader, she said that she had legal advice not to provide the data to me.
Why didn't Hughes acknowledge the efforts of Linah Ababneh in collecting Sheep Mt data, while acknowledging the efforts of Matthew Salzer? Why didn't he discuss her conflicting results?
This entry was written by Stephen McIntyre, posted on Dec 13, 2007 at 9:35 AM, filed under bristlecones and tagged Ababneh, bristlecone, hughes, salzer, stripbark. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.
Interesting considering Ababneh even won an award in 2002 for her work on the bristlecones.
Was there any Q&A opportunity at the end of his talk where he could be asked about the subject?
It seems to me the future is in younger researchers, like Linah. They ought to be encouraged to keep their promises to provide data AND eventually they will find the courage to face down the fossils that will (in 20 years) be retired or dead.
>> she said that she had legal advice not to provide the data to me.
I found this fact disturbing and interesting. If I understand correctly, she was a grad student at this university. Given that she could notpossibly open herself up to legal liability by publishing her own data, I'm speculating that the legal advice came from her personal attorney, and that the only source of legal threat comes from who ever owns the data (universtity?).
If she collected the data herself, then it's hard to see what she is afraid of. Do they still have some leverage over her? When one submits what amounts to a homework assignment, IP rights are not transferred to the school.
Can someone ask her "what is the basis for the legal advice"?
10, if someone can mine the CA archives over the past few months, there was a more complete explanation. I seem to recall someone saying something about it being Hughes' attorney, but I don't remember whether that was speculation or information.
Can we please not go through all of that again? Surely it was done to death already.
12, ok, then please summarize.
It's curious, also, how volcanic activity subsides (Salzer's last citations of 1836, '38, '40 and '42 don't seem to interfere) with the advent of the modern hockey game.
See also from comment 18 onwards.
The data must be good. It agrees with the models.
If we take Hughes and Salzer data at face value and discount Ababneh's contrary findings then what we have is BCPGW not AGW, since none of wht Hughes argues undermines in any way Steve and Ross's original results, namely, take BCPs out of the equation and the hockey stick disappears. If so, then the issue reverts to transparency in scientific research and Hughes and Salzer do not have a fig leaf to hide behind.
Namely: "If the hundreds of other volcanoes you cite" can correlate with reductions in ring width, why don't these eruptions?
(Salzer was the primary author of Bristlecone Pine Tree Rings and Volcanic Eruptions Over the Last 5,000 Years", (2005), and Hughes secondary).
Obviously those volcanoes failed to teleconnect to the BCP's properly.
1990s and early 2000s at Sheep Mountain … generally speaking, good snow pack. Decent mid spring snow dumps. Here are some real standout years – 1992 – 93, 1994 – 95, 1995 – 96, 1997 – 98, 2003 – 2004, 2004 – 2005, 2005 – 2006. Some of these were El Ninos and some were "wet" La Nina / neutral (typically accompanied by multiple strong Tonapah Lows).
some times old farts should just retire, before they become bad men.
My guess is that she is a true believer and inadvertantly followed the evidence. Prior to Steve M, they really didn't need to be so careful. What are the odds that a skilled auditor would take this much personal time?
Is it too late to bring out the "Free Linah Ababneh" and the "Linah Ababneh is Innocent" t-shirts in time for Christmas?
26, holy moly, how many dendrochronologists does it take to count tree rings?
To be fair to Hughes, there may be a problem with the way the Ababneh data was collected, which might also explain the lawyer thing.
They have created quite a little fiefdom there at U of A in BCP tree ring study. Not surprising, though, when you consider how much they push the AGW stuff down there.
And as Anthony Watts also discovered, Arizona State University has one of the most notorious USHCN weather station in the middle of a parking lot.
Sorry, I've done this before, but seem to be forgetting something.
The answer, of course, is none as it is too hard and costs too much.
Over at RC just now they're hosting a discussion on changing Ptarmigan grazing patterns (seriously!) Part of my post asking when we can expect the same level of diligence to be applied to BCPs was deleted as "Off topic". Go figure?
How 'bout we give a "Don't Taze Me, Malcom!" shirt to Linah?
Yah, don't taze me bro-has!
The Arizona system has not been very honest in this field. I did some research into them blocking Steve from their data base, and basically they stonewalled. Ignore whatever data you like Dr. Hughes, we're behind you all the way!
35, it gets easier the more times you do it.
This is why I have supported, and will continue to fund your efforts. What you have done with the Bristlecone Pine Tree Rings, is beyond outstanding.
Linah Ababneh's result are different, and that is very informative. She concluded that rainfall was the most important aspect of tree ring growth.
How do we settle this debate? Measure the sediment layers in the lakes closest to the sampled trees. High rainfall will increase the amount of sediment that was deposited in the lake.
Why has such a simple measurement been totally ignored?
I find it peculiar that strip bark and whole bark BCP's should have the same ring width excursions over the same years and growth conditions. This result implies that each BCP maintains a constant growth rate in its remaining cambium, following bark-stripping. To do so, each such tree must renormalize its metabolic activity to its own percent of bark coverage. That is, as the bark is stripped off across the centuries, by whatever happenstance, each such tree scales down its metabolism linearly with the percent of remaining cambium, resulting in a constant depositional ring-width. That's the only way strip bark trees could maintain a linear living-cambium ring-width correlation with whole bark trees. Naively speaking, I find that very hard to believe. I'd further bet that there is zero evidence that BCP's, or trees of any sort, inversely re-normalize their metabolism to bark coverage.
Not only that, but we'd have to assume that strip-bark BCP's also lay down constant ring widths all the way across the remaining live-cambium surface. There should be no non-linear, e.g., horizontally conical, growth pattern across the remaining bark-strip. If there were, then a non-linear ring-width time series core would necessarily result, unless one judiciously chose to selectively core the region of the remaining living circumference that manifested rings remaining in concert with the underlying tree rings that reflect the pre-stripped, whole bark tree. That region would be somewhere around 25% in from the edge of the bark-strip (this point would vary with the shape and asymmetry of the ring-growth). To do this one would sample one's way horizontally across the living bark, and then choose the core that showed the best linear extension from the underlying pre-stripped ring widths across the historical time region in which the bark was stripped. Doing so would, of course, amount to cherry-picking one's core and imposing one's conclusion.
WRT the trees themselves, it seems much more likely that a strip bark tree would compensate for loss of bark by laying down thicker rings in the remaining living cambium. It shouldn't take many core samples, or perhaps crosscuts, to check this.
Tree response to bark-stripping could be further checked, however, by correlating leaf coverage with bark coverage. Leaf surface area is a measure of photosynthetic activity, and so should be a measure of metabolic activity. One could correct this further by renormalizing leaf surface area to chlorophyl greenness. If ring widths are constant no matter the bark coverage, then the (leaf photosynthesis)/(bark coverage) ratio should be a constant across BCP's, whole bark and strip bark.
One should also control for root-growth, but on first pass could assume that in mature trees metabolic activity is equi-partitioned, and root turnover and ring deposition are approximately linear as well. A plant biologist could probably make a rational judgment here.
In any case, I think Malcolm Hughes' claim about constant BCP ring widths no matter what barks requires considerable examination. The fact that there is so much secretiveness, hostility, and obstruction attendant to this work only encourages suspicion that something is not right. Science should be entirely transparent. Dr. Ababneh's reference to a laywer's advice on release of data is entirely inappropriate to the ways of science. It implies that she's (been) frightened.
Re: Pat Frank (#40), The Pat Frank on comment 40ff isn't the one — me — who has been posting for years here on sundry threads about AGW and tree ring thermometry, works at Stanford, and wrote the Skeptic article.
From a sheer logic your point is well taken. At the very least assuming that the bark stripping is in response to some form of stress there should be some impact on the growth rate. Perhaps we should wait to hear Hughes's explanation. It appears a number of his colleagues focus on the impact of stress on trees – so I assume that they have had some input into his assertions. It is all very puzzling.
Just based on logic and some pretty basic empirical assumptions your point is well taken. At the very least assuming that the bark stripping is in response to some form of stress there should be some impact on the growth rate. Perhaps we should wait to hear Hughes's explanation. It appears a number of his colleagues focus on the impact of stress on trees – so I assume that they have had some input into his assertions. It is all very puzzling.
We should not jump to conclusions. Hughes may have made an error in grammar.
I'd ignore the Ababneh page(s) at LTRR — more than a year old and she's no longer there.
I agree with the above posting that suggests the likelihood she's been frightened by someone or something. To that end, I would encourage following Steve's earlier advice: leave the poor lady alone. There are bigger fish to fry.
Here's something else to think about. Thuja occidentalis found in harsh growing conditions exhibit the same strip-bark habit found in BCPs. It might be inferred that the two species are reacting in the same way (ref 1). Experiments show that there is a relationship between the roots and the shoots called "radial architectural segregation" or "sectored radial architecture" that isolates sections of the tree crown to particular sections of the root system (refs 2, 3). If this is the case, it may be that the moisture and nutrient regimes for particular roots are controlling the growth for different sectors of trunk. It's as if the plant has divided itself into nearly separate individuals.
Gary, read the blog. Steve M knows just about everything there is to know about cedar, with several threads devoted to the topic. In fact it was Jacoby's Gaspe cedars that MBH98 had inserted four placeholders into in order to ensure that the AD1404 chronology was included in the AD1400 step. Why did he do this extraordinary data manipulation? Because he knew the Gaspe cedars had a HS shape to them and he wanted to ensure that shape came out in the AD1400 reconstruction.
'twould be interesting to have access to those papers. From what I've heard via Leslie H, while the connection may be as simple as sectored radial architecture close in to the tree, it gets far more complex and less predictable as you look further out to where actual uptake of nutrients occurs. There's also a far more complex hormonal interplay between roots and shoots than was previously anticipated.
Is this reverse causality at its best? Should it not be that the species show cambial mortality when at great age (as they approach death)? What proof is offered that reverse causality can be ruled out?
It is tricky to assume too much about tree growth if you have not had hands-on. I can cut a tree of some genera completely off at the base, a foot above the ground. Many times, it will throw out suckers which can become quite ancient in their own right. Some can seem to fuse with the base to give a circular shape that looks as if it was never disturbed. Now, imagine the ring counting problem if you sampled the stump as opposed to the sucker. Or, for a nasty twist, if you went through the junction with your corer at an angle.
I have often seen trees decapitated by tropical cyclones growing again next Spring and I have to assume that a fair portion of the trees I see in cyclone areas are not good dendro candidates because the count has started from zero again above a certain height. Cyclone Tracy at Darwin stripped some to much of almost every tree for 50 miles square. Lightning, termites and fires can cause similar effects.
There is no guarantee that the tree you sample today is the tree that was there 200 years ago. I have seen many historic trees older than 200 years, but dendro does not work on them because of the sucker problem. They are recorded in history books that have survived, especially seen in China. One was there when Kubla Khan came through.
Trees can adjust metabolism to cope with cambium disturbance. The example of cutting off at the base is a fairly drastic cambium interference. The tree will commonly not die immediately following beheading. Indeed, in ornamental horticulture at least, this is a standard way to prepare for a cleft graft. The cambium will spread over the gap between the bottom stock and the inserted scion, usually in weeks to months, and telecommunicate again. The tree will grow, but with an interrupted history of rings above the graft.
I agree. Some hormones and many nutrients can be applied as foliar sprays, with little to do with root involvement. I'd guess that a die sprayed on the outside of leaves might penetrate into twigs, but I have not tried this. Chlorophyll can take this path in the Fall.
The more I read CA, the more I feel that what is NOT said in climate science papers can be as important as what is admitted.
In reviewing earlier parts of this discussion which are in previous threads, I encountered the information that some part of her thesis work was funded by an outside entity (Bristlecone section of a Calif. nature group – sorry I didn't copy the exact name). Maybe that is part of the release problem, two groups have to sign off on it?
I've been reading the blog for over two years. My point isn't the HS or the Gaspe cedars; it's the plant biology. Radial sectoring means that shoot cambia of individual bark strips are dependent on the conditions of their supporting roots. This adds another level of uncertainty to the idea of trees as thermometers – one individual is likely recording different conditions in different sectors. Suppose a root is damaged – cambial growth declines until the injury is repaired. Suppose a root grows into a moisture pocket – cambial growth is enhanced. Another root/cambium sector is subject to neither extreme. All three conditions would produce different ring structures and different interpretations of climate.
Yeah, that sounds backwards. You get the point about plant responses to environmental conditions within the constraints of their genetically controlled limits.
#46, 53. At a very early stage in our studies, Ross and I spent a day with Doug Larson and PEte Kelly (who are both at the University of Guelph, as is Ross) and got a good lesson in the radial sectoring issue. One of our Almagre samples was an exposed root, from which we took a core. The root had quite a distinct low-freq pattern from the stems, something that we've not attempted to interpret so far. Larson and Kelly very much thought in terms of cliff cedars almost "mining" for nutrients and moisture and occasionally getting into good ore zones. It also seems quite plausible to me that the competition between bristlecones in these dry areas is at the root level rather than the canopy level.
It has a long history of usefulness. Many ancient English houses are built of oak from coppiced trees.
Temperature is the most important factor affecting growth at high altitudes. As trees use much of the allocated carbon gained from photosynthesis to produce branches and stems, information on the timing and dynamics of secondary wood growth is crucial to assessing temperature thresholds for xylogenesis. We have carried out histological analyses to determine cambial activity and xylem cell differentiation in conifers growing at the treeline on the eastern Alps in two sites during 2002-2004 with the aim of linking the growth process with temperature and, consequently, of defining thresholds for xylogenesis. Cambial activity occurred from May to July-August and cell differentiation from May-June to September-October. The earliest start of radial enlargement was observed in stone pine in mid-May, while Norway spruce was the last species to begin tracheid differentiation. The duration of wood formation varied from 90 to 137 days, depending on year and site, with no difference between species. Longer durations were observed in trees on the south-facing site because of the earlier onset and later ending of cell production and differentiation. The threshold temperatures at which xylogenesis had a 0.5 probability of being active were calculated by logistic regressions. Xylogenesis was active when the mean daily air temperature was 5.6-8.5°C and mean stem temperature was 7.2-9°C. The similar thresholds among all trees suggested the existence of thermal limits in wood formation that correspond with temperatures of 6-8°C that are supposed to limit growth at the treeline. Different soil temperature thresholds between sites indicated that soil temperature may not be the main factor limiting xylogenesis. This study represents the first attempt to define a threshold through comparative assessment of xylem growth and tissue temperatures in stem meristems at high altitudes.
I wonder if soil temperature was limiting root initiation at Yamal until the mid 1970s. I wonder if that is the process responsible for "divergence" in general. North slopes vs. south slopes. Root initiation is a temperature-thresholded process. A tiny bit of warming could have an amplified effect on root, and therefore radial, growth – by significantly boosting the length of the root growing season. Cold soil is bad.
I believe I proposed that mechanism for bcps in California here at CA … but before I understood the stripbark process.
I wonder how much divergence there will be within the Yamal samples. And if there is, if it can be correlated to site aspect. Whatever happened to Martin Wilmking? Didn't he promise to figure all this out?
bender – cold soil is discussed in some of the early literature on BCP growth (Fritts did a technical report in the 1960s).
Temperature is the most important factor affecting growth at high altitudes.
Of course, water, nutrients and wind have no effect at all.
And this of course doesn't correlate at all with the rainy seasons.
RE: #39 – In the case of Sheep Mountain, I suspect that snow pack survival is the controlling factor. Years where the snow pack does not survive until a certain point in June are lower growth, years where it survives to that point are higher growth. The moisture content of the poorly developed soil in that locale is going to depend, ni most years, on the snow pack factor. Generally speaking, summer convection is unrealiable and generally cranks up too late in the season to greatly influence growth. Prime time is June 15 – Aug 1, so snowpack is going to determine it.
RE: #46 – Niagara Escarpment is in a Humid Continental Climate with a summer precip max and where, generally, the snow is gone before the soil thaws. Sheep Mountain is in a Mid Latitude Steppe / Desert Climate with some Mediterranean influence, with a winter precip max and in many years, there are late spring snow events after soil thaw has commenced. Apples and oranges.
RE: #57 – Totally different climate than Sheep Mountain. BCPs are more like cactus than other types of pines / other conifers.
I find it peculiar that strip bark and whole bark BCP's should have the same ring width excursions over the same years and growth conditions. This result implies that each BCP maintains a constant growth rate in its remaining cambium, following bark-stripping.
Pat, from my observations over the decades, there's little transverse movement of sap/nutrients across bark. IOW, if a circumferential section of tree-bark dies, the roots & branches in-line w/this section also eventially die (couple of yrs).
#63 — beng, thanks. I gathered something of that from the interesting abstracts about radial sectioning that Gary posted (thanks, Gary) in #46. But the question is whether the remaining living circumference continues monotonic ring growth; that is, growth that remains a linear extapolation of the ring width trend prior to the bark stripping.
A reason for my mention in # 49 of decapitation then cleft grafting is that there really has to be some radial movement of sap to achieve a final circular pattern the same diameter as the stump, from a graft initially a few mm wide at one point on the cambium circumference. So radial transport cannot be ruled out entirely, though it might not be major. How major and how fast remain unknown to me.
Agreed in degree, but photosynthesis in canopies is a valid process and part of the reason for growth. The leaves do play some part in ring width; without them one is on an asymptote to zero. Whether leaves play a controlling part, or whether it is the roots, is one core aspect of the sub-problem. Would be interesting to run the radial sectoring investigation upside down; that is, remove and keep removed part of the canopy and see if, over the years, the rings below the removed part ceased to function. My guess is that they still function, but at reduced activity. A related problem is whether the cambium above the strip-bark wound still functions.
Simply look at the complexity of the sulphur cycles and pathways and their interactions with other growth controllers. SO2 forms aerosols, might change cloud/light availability, forms acid in soil that can affect availablity of about a dozen nutrients, releases CO2 from carbonate nodules and rocks, can be absorbed by both roots and leaves, could change predator levels and growth hormone effects, soil biology levels, accelerates soil from rock conversion rate and clay content, with attendant ion exchange capacity, water retention properties etc etc.
As a general observation, some root diseases like armillaria fungus and phytopthora start at a root point, but the tree seems to die overall from tender new leaves inwards. So these pathogens seem to have some ability to avoid radial sectoring.
The whole subject of tree rings is complex. I claim to know only a little about it, but it seems that each increment of research reported by reconstructionists opens up multiple new lines for inquiry. Another problem is that short studies of plants, like dye penetration, might not relect growth processes over centuries, (as I'm sure you'll agree is a big problem in reconstructing geology). Until these various complexities are understood, I tend to forget about temperature because that is approaching a structured investigation from an erroneous direction.
The oft-repeated assertion that high altitude trees under stress to survive and very old, are most suitable for tree ring studies, smacks a bit of selective sampling. Where is the boundary between OK and not OK? Is it sharp or gradual?
Getting the logic backwards. After a windy storm in Tasmania, a TV crew interviewed a local farmer, saying how strong the winds were. "Yep", he commented. "Blew down a lot of trees that hadn't been blown down before".
* When our fruit trees' roots are attacked by moles, the trees die – 100% of the time, and rather quickly.
***We don't have earthquakes, hurricanes or tornados here (we just call it "high wind warning: 60mph winds with 90+mph gusts.") But we get lightning and we get hail. Several years ago, sixteen inches of hail fell in one storm. Our greenhouse survived. A friend's mini-observatory did not. This year we had a storm with a LOT of golf-ball hail, and quite a few billiard-ball hailstones. Hail like that strips trees of all leaves – "winter" trees in summer, with a strange green "snow" on the ground 😦 … oh, and our truck required replacement or repair of every body panel plus some glass. Fortunately, our new Class IV roof was fine.
Thanks for that you tube link. I've not been paying any attention to that man behind the curtain fo quit esome time now thanks to our resident 'toto'.
Archeologists recognize that prehistoric human populations were a significant variable in the operation of past California ecosystem processes, and that a changing environment created constraints and opportunities for prehistoric cultural adaptation. The tie between paleoclimatology and archeology is an evolving interdisciplinary field of study that aims to facilitate a better understanding of prehistoric subsistence-settlement patterns relative to climate variability. A paleoclimatic model based on temperature inferences and precipitation reconstruction from tree-ring widths of bristlecone pine in the White Mountains of California is used to explain the distribution of prehistoric alpine villages in the White Mountains. The paleoclimatic model is visually and statistically compared with calendar ages converted from calibrated 14C dates from the village sites. Results elucidate the role of water availability in the frequency and intensity of settlement, as 88% of the calendar dates associated with 14C dates fall within wet periods (α=0.05, p=0.005). The coincidence of the calendar dates around above average precipitation periods confirms that long-term available resources are contingent on the availability of moisture, the key to life in the desert environment.
Yes, we had that once in McLean, VA (close to DC) when I lived there. There were ruts in the 'green snow' on the roads from traffic, just like you get with the white stuff. I saved one of the hailstones (bigger than a golf ball) in my freezer but it sublimed away…..
I know when you say "here" you're not talking about the plains east of us front-rangers, towns such as Holly. The town was "totalled".
My mom grew up ('30's) in Eastern Colorado towns where tornado shelters were fairly common. The following link, (p. 3) shows tornado counts since 1988, which I believe is the year I watched from my condo window in west Denver as a funnel cloud dropped out of the sky, worked its way down Broadway a short distance (whacked a car dealership I think) then disappeared. Holly event was the first tornadoe-related death in Colorado since 1960, according to article.
No stories like Dorothy's, but we get them. Very pedantic of me, but fun in a "twisted" sort of way, to look it up.
Pete: You must be reading the entries here about root/shoot compartmentalization. The Brunstein article about bristlecone growth characteristics (Steve Mc. cited some time ago, along with the cross-sectional shapes, in regard to coring anomalies) has some interesting observation about "sediment damming" on upslope sides of bc pines, and its relationship to the root formation (the latter causing as well as responding to the former), soil moisture retention, branch and strip-bark growth formation, undercutting of downslope root anchorage, long-diamer bearing, etc. (too much to repeat here). One thing I took away was that about 26 of 33 old trees (aged 1,000 – 2,000 years), or nearly 80%, had the bark strip on the upslope side.
It's a big PDF file (23 MB), but his pictures/sketches (really artwork) are superb. Very slow-going, very un-Acrobat-ic, which may have discouraged some readers.
20th century divergence is such a ubiquious pattern. Occam's razor says it has to be a universal mechanism. Alipne soil is universally cold. The Ababneh update trends up. Just not as far up as Graybill. Polar Urals trends up. Just not as far up as Yamal. Other Yamal chronologies trend up too.
bender, Esper discusses the Divergence Problem in a recent Climatic Change commentary – as an adverse comment on an article by Craig Loehle on reconstructing temperature from upside-down U-curves. An exchange that I'll try to report on.
BTW, how is Craig's surname pronounced, Lo -el le, Lo -ly, Lo -el, Lole or some other way?
Steve, are there enough samples in the raw Yamal data, and enough metadata – to check if the slope of the uptick varies according to aspect? I bet the metadata don't even include aspect. But depending on the precision on that lat/lons, you could look it up from a digital elevation model.
metadata – you kidding me??? For example, the Avam-Taymyr metadata doesn't even show which site a sample is from – and the sites are 400 km apart. I've started a new Yamal thread.
ping – the new Salzer, Hughes paper appears to be a writeup of Hughes' 2007 AGU presentation.
I've also received some correspondence in the past year from a scientist who knows Linah Ababneh and vouches for her in very positive terms.
Any sign of any supporting data? Or is Hughes still working on them?
Steve: Supporting data has been placed online in commendable fashion. I'm working on an analysis.
I have been trying to read the tree ring files using both your progamme (make.rwl) and the dplR library with hiccups in both methods on some of the rwl files. I am writing up my own script.
I also noticed a lack of uniformity in the files with regard to end-of-data values and number of digits in the values. Are there soem glitches in the files as well or is it just me?
Steve: Roman, I'll post up collations in 2 minutes to save you time on clerical work. I had to do a couple of tweaks to make.rwl. You need to use the widths option widths=c(7,5,rep(6,10)). Also I had to specify the first item as a factor using colClasses. Ill also upload modified make.rwl in two minutes. QCed collations in my usual style will be in CA/data/salzer.
I got my script working. There is a small glitch with mwa_rwl, and only in one spot I haven't identified yet.
My method uses readLines and then I parse the lines to extract the data. It is quite fast in its execution.
Found the glitch in mwa_rwl. It wasn't in my R script.
There are two consecutive cores labelled MWA069x in the file. They start in the same year, but consist of two different sequences of ring widths and end at different times.
See? Anyone can do it!


As Chairperson of Moorefield, I wish to thank all our members, players and supporters for a wonderful and very memorable year in 2012 when we completed our clubhouse refurbishment, won the Senior B Championship, the Jack Higgins Cup and several underage competitions.
We look forward to an even better year ahead and hope that all teams and team managements will bring honour and glory to our famous club in 2013.
A very happy New Year to everyone in Moorefield.
Merry Christmas to all our members and supporters at home and abroad.
Many thanks for all your help and support for the club during 2012.
Thanks to all our members, supporters & friends who supported the draw and a special thanks to all our promoters.
Kildare Minor presentation day of the Leinster winning squad, including Aisling Curley (captain), Michelle Curley and Ciara Conaty!
Moorefield nursery training is now over for 2012.
Well done to all of our players and mentors for their hard work throughout the year.
Congratulations to Moorefield's Eliza Kelly who is Ireland's Ultimate Debutante 2012.
Congratulations to Stuart Conaty who will receive the club volunteer of the year award on Saturday 17th November at the Kildare Presentation Night.
Well done to Ronan Sweeney who was re-elected as secretary of the GPA today. Best of luck in the position for the next 12 months.


Just what you have been waiting for to prolong the life of your favorite bowling ball or balls.
Custom cup/ball-stand allows heated air to circulate under the ball, and catches oil runoff.
Questions asked by owners of NuBall have included the following.
The top of NuBall is made for a different application. It would have required some expense - and more importantly, delay - to do the minor re-engineering that would have been required to remove the temperature control, or change its function. We wanted to make NuBall available to the public without delay, so decided to leave it alone. We are glad we did - see the following question.
Not all our machines do. When the very first machines arrived from the factory, we tested them to ensure that actual temperatures attained inside the machine were in fact the temperatures indicated by the control knob. Some were accurate, and some weren't.
Now we test every machine before we sell it. On those that aren't accurate, we find the pointer setting that does produce 135 degrees internally, and we apply a high-quality label so that 135 on the label is at the point where 135 is actually produced.
Whether your machine has a label or not, setting the pointer to 135 degrees will heat the ball to that temperature, plus or minus about 3 degrees. About 40-50 percent of the machines we sell have such a sticker. The manufacturer is working on creation of a better thermostat.
The answer is basically no. Visible oil on the surface of the ball will disappear very, very slowly.
Usually, if you run NuBall for 60 minutes, you will get all of the oil out of the ball pores. If any remains, it will - logically enough - be fairly deep in the pores. When you use the ball, the top part of the pores will be oil-free, and the ball will act very much as though the job had been done completely. In that event, you might expect that the pores on your ball might fill up again sooner.
Don't worry about it. Just follow the rule: if your ball hits weakly a couple of times in a session, and it hasn't been heated for a few sessions, run it through again. Running it through again costs you only a few minutes of your time, and it won't hurt the ball in any way.
We doubt that this practice is worth the added effort, but it doesn't hurt anything.
Some users have adopted the following practice, which seems effective. They run a ball in NuBall for an hour. If it gave out a lot of oil (maybe a teaspoon or more in the cup), they take it out, wipe it off, and run it in NuBall for another hour. This should completely clean out the pores of even very old or neglected bowling balls.
Lane oil is mostly mineral oil, which is a byproduct of petroleum production. It can be somewhat toxic in significant quantity. Therefore it should be recycled much like motor oil, from a purist point of view. For more information, eHow has a great article on the matter. Note that baby oil is mostly mineral oil and mineral oil is taken by some adults as a laxative.
The oil extracted from a ball in a typical NuBall usage is about a teaspoon or so. Each user can use his own conscience to decide whether to worry about the release of this small amount of oil into the sewer system. If you care to, you can check with your own state's regulations about disposal of mineral oil.
Pearls soak up less oil than solids (though old pearls that are no longer shiny are every bit as bad as solids.
If you wipe off your ball with a towel after every frame, your ball will accumulate much less oil.
If you clean your ball after every session, your ball will accumulate much less oil.
If you occasionally have your ball rejuvenated at a pro shop, it will contain only the oil accumulated since the last rejuvenation.
If your ball is warmed by other means (in your trunk in summer, or sitting next to a heater, etc.), it may have been partially rejuvenated by being in those situations.
Some balls just appear to be more porous than others, and therefore pick up more oil. For instance, the Ebonite 250K series seem to absorb a lot of oil, while the Black Widow Venom seems to absorb comparatively very little.
If the ball is not warm or has hot spots, then your machine might be defective. You can check by putting a thermometer in the machine. A candy or meat or oven thermometer can be used - any thermometer that can read between 100 and 200 degrees. Put the thermometer inside NuBall, put the top on, set it to run at 135 degrees and run it for at least 20 minutes. Then look at the thermometer - if it reads outside of the 130's, contact us for further advice.
Don't worry. NuBall has a 2 year warranty. We will make sure your NuBall is running right, or we will send you a new part to fix the problem.
We wanted to make NuBall available to the public without delay, so decided not to request that the factory make a change to the existing device. We will require an on/off switch as a feature of an updated model of NuBall.
In the meantime, if you want to run NuBall in a timed manner, the Woods Import 5559206 Digital Countdown Timer is available. It will allow you to run NuBall 1, 2, 4 or 8 hours and shut off automatically.
The top and bottom are parts of a machine originally designed for a different application. In that usage, they had to fit with a short center structure which had virtually no draft - that is, it was almost exactly columnar - the top and bottom of it were almost exactly the same size. The center section of NuBall is made here in the states by KASO Plastics. So that it will come off the mold in the injection plastics press, it must have a draft of about 1.5 degrees. Given its length, that means its bottom edge is about 3/16 inch wider than the top.
The base of NuBall has a channel all the way around it, just inside the edge. The plastics engineers at KASO designed the pointy tabs on the bottom of the center section so they would extend down into that channel, positioning the center onto the base. It does leave a very narrow gap around the top edge of the base. A little air leaks out there - but notice there are big vents in the sides of the base anyway. The air lost thru the gap is small by comparison, and does not affect NuBall's function. We have done all our testing and measuring with that gap in place, and it has no effect. We know the reason for it - and the way to do it - are by no means obvious, but once you get it in place, you'll get used to it, and you'll almost forget about it.
Basically, baking a ball is a very innocuous process. It does not damage a ball at all. So, you can bake a ball as often as you wish, for as long as you wish. We have baked a ball overnight a couple of times with no ill effects at all. (We did so by forgetting it was running. One thing we want on a new edition of NuBall is a timer that will shut it off when a set amount of time has passed.
As a practical matter, say you carry 4 or 5 balls and use most of them at least every few days (fairly typical for a lot of league bowlers). Just run them all through NuBall about once every 3 weeks. Doing it that often, you should never notice any degradation of performance.


"I get free tandy Mama!?!"
"...and all I have to do is climb all these staiws?"
Would you believe neither one of them even noticed the giant spider coming down to eat them over the door? Nevah saw it. Must have had candy on the brain.
Aww, they're too cute! That looks like a crazy fun street to trick-or-treat on . . . love that the decorations are so big there.
I can't take those outfits! So stinkin cute! And my those are grand houses!
You have got some of the best Halloween pictures ever. It must be the cute kids.
They are just SO adorable !
I love the photos, focused or not, they caught exactly what they should have !
This is way better than Me having to go Trick or Treating, in order to see cute little munchkins..
I would not have been able to stand under that spider, by the way.
Oh gosh these pictures!!!!!!!!!!!! So awesome awesome awesome!!!
Oh your pictures are awesome! We always do trick or treating at dusk here so my pictures are never that hot!
Those pictures look really good!
LOVE the pictures. And now I'm looking at new cameras too, damn you!
So SWEET!! Glad they had fun.
I am loving these photos -- your adorable trick or treaters and the Lincoln Park ambience. The ones with the steps are just fantastic.
Your color on these pictures is awesome! how do you get it like that? What kinda lens is that?
Please, please tell me he waddled.
beautiful photos. i especially love the one where he's looking back at you on the steps.


"Trotsky Day", a public event on October 17 in Berlin, will bring together fighters from the workers' and youth movements, activists from different political tendencies and historians and academics. We reproduce the invitation from the Revolutionary Internationalist Organization (RIO), German section of the FT-CI.
On August 20, 1940, Leon Trotsky was murdered. Trotsky, a Marxist in theory and practice, a leader of the Russian Revolution, the founder of the Red Army, a fighter for the world socialist revolution and communism, represents the opposition to the Stalinist dictatorship of the apparatus.
Despite persecution, the "Trotskyists" founded the Fourth International and defended the Marxist program against bureaucratic betrayal. Many, including Trotsky himself, gave their lives for this cause.
In the current historical crisis of capitalism, this program is more relevant than ever. To commemorate the 75th anniversary of his death, we want to grapple with the political legacy of Leon Trotsky.
Therefore we invite you to a panel discussion and workshops – an introduction to the ideas of Trotskyism will also take place. There will be plenty of time for questions and critical discussion.
How relevant are the ideas of Trotsky today?


text:
11/28/2012 05:03 pm ET Updated Jan 28, 2013
Hollywood and the Dufus Dad: Still Funny?
By Nichole Smaglick
The Sitcom Dad. A simple, good-natured guy who just wants everyone to be happy and who will do anything to prevent disappointment. He's an easy-to-laugh-at character. Make dad the "Mr. Mom" caregiver and it gets even funnier. Yet, the joke is getting old, and does it really represent reality?
Unless you have been sleeping under a rock for the past 30 years, you know the American family has changed. The industrial revolution plucked our stay-at-home farmer and tradesman father from the home to the factory, but the women's liberation movement, the great recession and the switch to a service-based economy has brought him back. He's back home and proud. And more often than not, doing a great job at it. In fact, men are more likely to enjoy cooking than their female counterpart, are doing the household grocery shopping and are spending three to seven times more hours per week than their own fathers did on cleaning and childcare.
This all sounds positive for the American family. So, why is he still being made fun of?
"See Dad Run" and "Guys with Kids" are two of Hollywood's recent reactions to the return of the father at home. I confess that I don't own a TV, and when I watch a show, I watch about 10 of them at once on Hulu. This weekend, I sat down with my husband for a marathon viewing of both shows and when they were over, I felt the urge to apologize to him.
Both shows are about middle-aged men becoming the primary caregiver. Both poke fun at the man who is apparently out of his "natural habitat." In "See Dad Run," the father is a well-intended idiot who is incapable of taking care of himself, let alone his children. He's married to an overbearing, non-supportive "tiger mom" whom no one should spend a childhood, let alone a lifetime with. "Guys with Kids" does a better job of portraying more competent or at least engaged men dealing with the transition into parenthood while still trying to remain relevant as men. The title scene has three dads wearing Baby Bjorns, which, like the scene in "Aliens" where the implanted spawn bursts through the chest of its victim, makes anyone, male or female, look funny. However, the characters are a bit one-dimensionally baby focused, and the dad plus baby visual isn't going to stay funny for long.
Men are entering the domain of women, but what if the tables were turned? How did sitcoms treat the woman when she entered the workforce? Did we laugh at Ms. Working Woman like we laugh at Mr. Mom? Take "The Mary Tyler Moore Show." As a professional Minnesotan woman, I feel a strong affinity with Mary. Like the men of "Guys with Kids," she was a pioneer of a new age with whom we could relate. The show made us laugh, but not at her incompetence. We laughed at how she brilliantly handled awkward situations at home and at work.
I invite Hollywood to do for men what it did for women. Fortunately, we have an example role model, for it was once done, 92 years ago. After the death of his first-born child, a transformed Charlie Chaplin created "The Kid," an instant success and the quintessential movie on fatherhood. The humor is found not in Charlie Chaplin's incompetence, but in his loving ingenuity and the deep bond between a mutually mischievous father and child.
Thank you, Mary and Charlie. Thank you for showing us that we can laugh and have our sitcoms spurred by changing social roles. Let's start treating dad with the same respect we gave Mary Tyler Moore. Let's tap into the brilliant, creative ingenuity of the real fathers of today, and that's where we will find our best, timeless humor.
The Funniest Tweets From Parents This Week (Jan. 9-15) Can Kids Have Seasonal Affective Disorder? Here's What Parents Should Know. Thoughtful Parenting Quotes From Patrick Dempsey A Reminder That Your Tween Really Needs Extra Help Right Now
Nichole Smaglick
Founder, Cooper & Kid
Dads In Film Fatherhood Stay At Home Dad Parents Dads Dads

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
suiteGroup('Provider.Abstract', function() {

  var subject;
  var app;

  setup(function() {
    app = testSupport.calendar.app();
    subject = new Calendar.Provider.Abstract({ app: app });
  });

  test('initializer', function() {
    assert.equal(subject.app, app);
    assert.ok(subject);
  });

  test('#eventCapabilities', function(done) {
    // just trying to assert the api contract is correct.
    subject.eventCapabilities({}, function(err, list) {
      if (err) {
        return done(err);
      }

      done(function() {
        assert.instanceOf(list, Object);
      });
    });
  });

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
require 'fileutils'
require 'erb'
require 'ruby-processing/library_loader'

module Processing

  # This base exporter implements some of the common
  # code-munging needed to generate apps and applets.
  class BaseExporter
    include FileUtils

    DEFAULT_DIMENSIONS = {'width' => '100', 'height' => '100'}
    DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = ''
    NECESSARY_FOLDERS = ['data', 'lib', 'vendor']

    # Returns the filepath, basename, and directory name of the sketch.
    def get_main_file(file)
      @file = file
      return file, File.basename(file), File.dirname(file)
    end

    # Centralized method to read the source of the sketch and extract
    # all the juicy details.
    def extract_information
      # Extract information from main file
      @info = {}
      @info[:source_code]     = source = read_source_code
      @info[:class_name]      = extract_class_name(source)
      @info[:title]           = extract_title(source)
      @info[:width]           = extract_dimension(source, 'width')
      @info[:height]          = extract_dimension(source, 'height')
      @info[:description]     = extract_description(source)
      @info[:libraries]       = extract_libraries(source)
      @info[:real_requires]   = extract_real_requires(source)
      hash_to_ivars @info
      @info
    end

    # Searches the source for a class name.
    def extract_class_name(source)
      match = source.match(/(\w+)\s*<\s*Processing::App/)
      match ? match[1] : 'Sketch'
    end

    # Searches the source for a title.
    def extract_title(source)
      match = source.match(/#{@info[:class_name]}\.new.*?:title\s=>\s["'](.+?)["']/m)
      match ? match[1] : File.basename(@file, '.rb').titleize
    end

    # Searches the source for the width and height of the sketch.
    def extract_dimension(source, dimension)
      match = source.match(/#{@info[:class_name]}\.new.*?:#{dimension}\s?=>\s?(\d+)/m)
      size_match = source.match(/^[^#]*size\(?\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*\)?/)
      return match[1] if match
      return (dimension == 'width' ? size_match[1] : size_match[2]) if size_match
      warn "using default dimensions for export, please use constants integer values in size() call instead of computed ones"
      DEFAULT_DIMENSIONS[dimension]
    end

    # Searches the source for a description of the sketch.
    def extract_description(source)
      match = source.match(/\A((\s*#(.*?)\n)+)[^#]/m)
      match ? match[1].gsub(/\s*#\s*/, "\n") : DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION
    end

    # Searches the source for any libraries that have been loaded.
    def extract_libraries(source)
      lines = source.split("\n")
      libs = lines.grep(/^[^#]*load_(?:java_|ruby_)?librar(?:y|ies)\s+(.+)/) do
        $1.split(/\s*,\s*/).collect do |raw_library_name|
          raw_library_name.tr("\"':\r\n", '')
        end
      end.flatten
      lib_loader = LibraryLoader.new
      libs.map { |lib| lib_loader.get_library_paths(lib) }.flatten.compact
    end

    # Looks for all of the codes require or load commands, checks
    # to see if the file exists (that it's not a gem, or a standard lib)
    # and hands you back all the real ones.
    def extract_real_requires(source)
      code = source.dup
      requirements = []
      partial_paths = []
      loop do
        matchdata = code.match(/^.*[^::\.\w](require|load)\b.*$/)
        break unless matchdata
        line = matchdata[0].gsub('__FILE__', "'#{@main_file_path}'")
        line = line.gsub(/\b(require|load)\b/, 'partial_paths << ')
        eval(line)
        where = "{#{local_dir}/,}{#{partial_paths.join(',')}}"
        unless line =~ /\.[^.]+$/
          where += ".{rb,jar}"
        end
        requirements += Dir[where]
        code = matchdata.post_match
      end
      requirements
    end

    protected

    def read_source_code
      File.read(@main_file_path)
    end

    def local_dir
      File.dirname(@main_file_path)
    end

    def hash_to_ivars(hash)
      hash.each{|k,v| instance_variable_set("@" + k.to_s, v) }
    end

    def wipe_and_recreate_destination
      remove_entry_secure @dest if File.exists?(@dest)
      mkdir_p @dest
    end

    def render_erb_in_path_with_binding(path, some_binding, opts={})
      erbs = Dir.glob(path + "/**/*.erb")
      erbs.each do |erb|
        string = File.open(erb) {|f| f.read }
        rendered = render_erb_from_string_with_binding(string, some_binding)
        File.open(erb.sub(".erb", ""), "w") {|f| f.print rendered }
        rm erb if opts[:delete]
      end
    end

    def render_erb_from_string_with_binding(erb, some_binding)
      rendered = ERB.new(erb, nil, "<>", "rendered").result(some_binding)
    end

  end
end


When the saw blade is used, it will encounter various problems, such as not being durable, disintegrating, or cracking in the substrate. How should we treat it, whether it is scrapped or recycled? Obviously all we have to do is maximize the use of saw blades to reduce production costs!we are provide tuck point saw blade,you can know it.
The saw blade is not durable, and there are generally problems with the device or the saw blade itself. We should first carefully check the device (such as whether the installation is in place, the model is matched, the device accessories are aging, there is abnormal noise, etc.), if the device has no problem, That is the quality of the saw blade itself.
When installing the saw blade, be sure to ask the professional to operate. Pay attention to the direction (the direction of the sawtooth is facing to the right), check whether the screws of each part are tightened, and when the saw blade is installed, be sure to put it flat before screwing!
After installing the saw blade, be sure to idle for a few seconds to ensure that there are no problems in all links. If there are yaw, vibration, and unstable sound during sawing, be sure to correct it in time.
Check the equipment for aging or unstable operation, which is one of the important reasons for the durability of the saw blade. The quick inspection method can be judged by sound. For example, if the equipment has abnormal noise during operation and the sound is not stable when the saw blade is in operation, it is one of the manifestations of unstable or aging symptoms.
After the equipment is in operation, a large amount of iron filings will be generated. In this case, it should be cleaned in time. If it is not cleaned for a long time, it will cause iron filings to enter the inside of the equipment or enter the saw blade. This will indirectly lead to unstable equipment or saw blades. Disintegration occurs. Therefore, we must carry out hygienic cleaning before use.
With years of experience in the production of advanced circular saw blades, our company has long insisted on: guided by product quality and customer needs, each piece of saw blade has been strictly controlled to ensure its reliability. Through continuous technological innovation and the development of efficient product technology, we have developed a strong saw blade manufacturer integrating metal, wood, plastics, composite materials and other major industrial materials processing saws.
As a partner with strength and experience, we will support you in terms of cost savings and environmental protection, and take your needs seriously and respond to challenges. We are very willing to be your partner.


text:
Governing Bodies: General FAQ 1
What do the Wisconsin statutes say about committee appointments, structure, organization and powers?
Does the public have the right to speak at a meeting of a governmental body?
May a municipal governing body begin a meeting with a prayer or invocation without violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
Are municipal governing bodies prohibited by state law from holding a meeting on a legal holiday or Sunday?
May a member of a city council, village board or other municipal governmental body "attend" a meeting by telephone?
How does a member of a governmental body raise an objection to a perceived error in the proceedings of the body?
How does a city or village change the size of its governing body?
When can a municipal governmental body vote in closed session?
How many votes are required to approve a proposed action of a governmental body?
Governing Bodies: General FAQ 10
Does state law prescribe a particular method of governmental body voting?
Why is a Committee of the Whole used?


text:
ATLAS Named an ELO Digital Office Certified Business Partner
February 13, 2018 October 2, 2018 News ATLAS, news
BOSTON (PRWEB) FEBRUARY 07, 2018 — ELO Digital Office USA, enabling businesses to improve collaboration and streamline information management in a digital economy, announced today that ATLAS has joined the growing ELO partner network in North America. ATLAS, headquartered in Delafield (WI), consolidates its customers' disparate data sources to simplify their digital transformation and deliver world-class business intelligence.
ATLAS will resell and implement the entire portfolio of ELO solutions including ELOoffice, ELOprofessional, and ELOenterprise to a range of industries spanning auto dealerships, facilities management, manufacturing, healthcare, and political campaigns. Currently, the global ELO partner network provides sales and technical support for more than 850,000 workstations worldwide.
"ELO digital solutions are gaining traction in North America," said Szilvia Horvath, CEO of ELO Digital Office Corporation USA. "The addition of ATLAS to our partner network strengthens our commitment to meeting and exceeding customers' information management needs. This is especially important as so many are looking to ensure the success of their digital journeys in 2018."
Comprehensive Data Asset Management
ATLAS delivers solutions that turn massive amounts of disorganized and disparate data into immediately actionable business intelligence. "To enrich our offerings, we wanted to give our customers proven and industry-leading capabilities for enterprise content management and delivery," noted Dave Westlake, founder and president of ATLAS. "We vetted a number of solutions and vendors and ELO came out on top by a long shot.The projects we've already worked on with ELO prove that they are a superior choice."
"ATLAS puts a premium on the user experience," continued Westlake. "ELO not only complements our offerings, it allows us to give our customers a truly comprehensive content management system that views data as our customers' number one asset. ELO is a great company with a best-of-breed toolset—they're a natural fit for us."
ATLAS integrates with disparate software tools to consolidate their capabilities onto one screen. Our easy-to-use interface transforms turbulent data into laminar, immediately actionable information. Whether you track IT devices, conduct client maintenance site surveys, require asset information for insurance or accounting, need to account for vehicles on a dealership showroom floor, or any number of other applications, ATLAS has a solution that will help you find your way to greater success. http://www.asset-atlas.com. Follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter.
About ELO Digital Office USA
ELO Digital Office USA provides innovative digital content management solutions for organizations of all sizes and industries throughout the United States. ELOoffice, ELOprofessional, and ELOenterprise give businesses an electronic and secure way to easily capture, archive, and manage business documents and information – both paper-based and digital. A subsidiary of ELO Digital Office GmbH (founded in 1998), ELO USA is headquartered in Boston, MA and is part of a network of global ELO offices throughout Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. ELO Digital Office GmbH has an extensive network of global business partners and maintains technology partnerships with industry leaders such as IBM, Microsoft, and SAP. Visit ELO USA. Follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter.
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March 6, 2018 News
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June 5, 2018 News
Xerox Awarded Contract to Provide Higher Education Institutions in 47 states with Workflow Automation, Managed Print Services and Print Technology
Gartner Says Middle East and Africa Business Intelligence and Analytics Software Market Grew 11 Percent in 2013


text:
Carol Miller Marketing Director
Email: carol@fredmillergroup.com
Born in Jacksonville and raised in Georgia, Carol returned to the First Coast in 1992 and studied interior design at FSCJ. In 1994 she began a career in Real Estate, and in the summer of 1995 she and husband Fred opened Fred Miller Group. She holds a real estate broker's license but prefers working behind the scenes on photography and marketing. Her career spans four decades and includes administrative, marketing and public relations experience. In her spare time, Carol enjoys reading, painting, sewing and crafting. Although she and Fred enjoy traveling, she believes that the First Coast offers more than enough events and attractions to keep anyone happy. She loves the abundant natural resources found right here at home.
By giving us your phone number and email address, you are giving Fred Miller Group permission to contact you via email or phone.
Website is a service of Fred Miller Group, Inc
2905 Corinthian Avenue
homes@fredmillergroup.com
Copyright © 2020 | Information deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. | Privacy Policy | Web Design by Dakno Marketing.


text:
Ve Formuli 1 v roce 1991 se opět uskutečnilo celkem 16 závodů Grand Prix. Mistrem světa se stal znovu, již potřetí Ayrton Senna s vozem McLaren-Honda MP4/6, Pohár konstruktérů znovu obhájila stáj McLaren.

Pravidla
 Boduje prvních šest jezdců podle klíče:
 1. 9 bodů
 2. 6 bodů
 3. 4 body
 4. 3 body
 5. 2 body
 6. 1 bod

 Motory – 3500 cc jen atmosférické, maximálně 12 válců.
 Hmotnostní limit minimálně 575 kg
 Kvalifikace – do závodu se kvalifikuje 26 nejrychlejších vozů
 Před kvalifikace – Do kvalifikace je puštěno jen 30 vozů.

Složení týmů

 Seznam jezdců Formule 1
 Seznam konstruktérů Formule 1

Velké ceny

Konečné hodnocení

Jezdci

Pohár konstruktérů

Národy

Roční statistiky

Související články
 Historie Formule 1

Externí odkazy

Formule 1 podle let

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Transform your team. Make your business blissful. Lead with love.
For 1:1 and private group yoga sessions, please email me directly at lisa@lifeyum.com.
We chat about what you need and where to start during our 15 minute complimentary call.
We talk by phone, Skype, or Uberconference. You receive a recording of our call, a week of email support, and a succinct customized plan + resources to support your goals.
We meet live and in person - in your home or location of your choice. You receive a week of email support following our session and a succinct customized plan + resources to support your goals.
We chat in advance so I get a feel for your group. I show up and lead a session you'll not soon forget!


text:
All Downey medical services
Chlamydia Testing Near Me in Downey, CA
Pay direct to save up to 60% on chlamydia testing or doctors appointments in Downey, CA.
More about chlamydia
Chlamydia & gonorrhea test
17742 Beach Blvd Ste 228, Huntington Beach, CA 92345
See details for Quest Diagnostics Select
416 W LasTunas Dr Ste 204, San Gabriel, CA 91773
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8501 Wilshire Blvd Suite 305, Beverly Hills, CA 90210
3975 Jackson St Ste 100, Riverside, CA 92506
15141 Whittier Blvd Ste 125, Whittier, CA 92683
About chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis - commonly known as chlamydia - is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium of the same name. Many people do not experience any symptoms of chlamydia, while some do.
Common symptoms of chlamydia include:
Clear or white discharge from the vagina or penis
Burning pain during urination
Testicular pain in men
Itching or burning sensations around the vagina in women
Bleeding between menstrual periods and after intercourse in women
In addition to the sex organs, chlamydia can infect the rectum which may cause rectal bleeding, pain, and discharge. Bodily fluids carrying the bacteria can also infect the eye, causing conjunctivitis (pink eye).
Symptoms of chlamydia may be so mild that you don't even notice them. If left untreated, however, chlamydia can lead to serious complications such as:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): PID is an infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes. This can be extremely painful and may damage the reproductive organs.
- Infertility and sterility: A chlamydia infection can damage reproductive organs in both men and women. If left untreated, chlamydia can damage and scar these areas so badly that the infected person is unable to conceive children.
- Newborn infection: The chlamydia bacteria can be passed to a child during delivery, resulting in illness and infection of the child. In some cases, infection to a newborn can be life-threatening.
- Premature birth or ectopic pregnancy: A chlamydia infection increases the risk of giving birth too early, which can be dangerous for the newborn child. Additionally, chlamydia increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy, a condition in which a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus. The egg must be removed to avoid life-threatening complications.
Chlamydia is generally treatable and very preventable. If you are sexually active, regular STI screenings can help prevent the spread of chlamydia. Latex condoms can also prevent intimate contact that transmits chlamydia. Regular screenings, limiting your sexual partners, and practicing safe sex are all methods that play a key role in preventing a chlamydia infection.
Chlamydia is treated with a course of antibiotic medication. During your consultation, talk to your doctor about medication used to treat chlamydia, and any adverse effects you may experience.
Because chlamydia is a bacterial infection, it is effectively treated with antibiotic medication. These drugs are usually administered as an oral tablet. The infection will usually begin to go away after 7-10 days of antibiotic treatment.
Abstain from sex while undergoing treatment for chlamydia. Additionally, inform any sexual partners you have about the infection so that they can begin treatment too. Even if your partner exhibits no signs or symptoms, it is very likely that they have also been infected, and require treatment. Failure to do so may result in sexual partners trading the infection back and forth repeatedly.
If you have undergone treatment for chlamydia before, you are still susceptible to the infection. Talk to your health care provider at the first sign of infection to begin treatment right away.


The grand Mount Washington Resort was a dream brought to life for self-made millionaire and New England native, Joseph Stickney. It took over two years, 250 Italian artisans, and $1.7 million dollars to build the hotel, which had its grand opening in 1902. Just one year after the hotel's completion, Mr. Stickney died suddenly, leaving the hotel to his wife, Princess Carolyn, who continued to summer at the hotel every year until her own death, over a decade later.
Since then, many guests of the hotel have come to believe that Princess Carolyn never completely left. Her apparition has been reported throughout the hotel and there is even a place set for her in the hotel dining room every evening. Perhaps most famously, the TAPS team, featured on the SyFy network show, Ghost Hunters, recorded clear EVP's of the Princess conversing with them. That ghostly conversation seemed to indicate that Carolyn is still very much present at the hotel, but either unsure or perhaps unaware of what time period she is in.
In addition to the ghost of the Princess, there have many reports of paranormal activity within the hotel including: children running the halls, a dark figure haunting the recently built spa wing, and the presence of a resident spirit belonging to an old employee who is rumored to have committed suicide in the staff quarters of one of the towers.
When you join Strange Escapes for this three-night event, you will not only be looking for ghosts in areas of the hotel that aren't open to the public at any other time, you'll be surrounded by stunning, mountainside scenery while staying in one of the most luxurious, historical properties in New England.
Attendance to this event will be limited, so register early, as it is sure to sell out.
Actual ghost hunts of the famous Princess Room, Bretton Arms Inn, the old stables and an on site cemetery plot.
Join us for a welcome reception. Meet your speakers and hosts for the weekend, snap pictures with them and ask as many questions as you'd like. *Light appetizers provided; cash bar available.
For the last two decades, Greg Newkirk and Dana Matthews have been criss-crossing the continent in search of monsters, mysteries and magick. In that time they've managed to get successfully abducted by aliens, track down and drink questionable liquids with real vampires, and even capture some of the most compelling evidence of Bigfoot to date. Now they're ready to show you how to do the same.
Chip will do an open gallery reading where he randomly picks members of the audience for psychic readings. While not everyone will have a reading, most agree it is a very fulfilling and emotional experience to be in attendance. *There is an additional charge for those wanting to attend.
Paranormal investigation of the Mount Washington Hotel. Areas to be investigated include the Princess Room, the Stables, the cemetery and both hotel towers.
Known as the 'creepiest guy in the paranormal' (ok, we might've given him that title), John Tenney will illuminate you on science techniques that lend themselves to finding proof of the paranormal.
This paranormal duo share a very common bond when it comes to investigating the paranormal: treating the dead with the same respect you do the living. Listen as they tell stories of their most fascinating cases, then ask them any questions you may have about the paranormal.
Join all of your speakers for one last photo opp and goodbye before you depart!
Main Hotel: $199 a night for traditional queen, $255 a night for grand queen (plus applicable resort fee and taxes.) Rooms are FIRST come FIRST served. We cannot guarantee availability in any certain category when you book.
Once you purchase your tickets, please call the Mount Washington Resort at 603-278-1000 and make sure to state that you are a guest of Strange Escapes in order to reserve your room at the reduced rates. Again, these rooms are first come, first served so may sell out. Your ticket will NOT be refunded if you do not secure a room.
If not sold out, the room rate will expire on October 21st. You can also visit www.omnihotels.com for detailed information on the hotel, Bretton Woods, and the surrounding area.
Strange Escapes events feature lectures from paranormal notables, television personalities, authors and more. You will shake their hands, pick their brains, and perhaps even sit down to dinner with them. You will learn things you never knew were possible, and you will leave knowing that you're not alone in your beliefs.


text:
Oculus Inc. Adds To Its Professional Staff
Carol Saucedo
Carol E. Saucedo as a new Business Developer in their Dallas office. Carol brings over 20 years of marketing and business development experience to Oculus Inc. She has extensive experience in the Professional Services industry, working with engineering and design firms. Carol will be responsible for the cultivating new opportunities and relationships for Oculus while collaborating with the Corporate Marketing team located in St. Louis to create and implement new marketing and sales strategies. Oculus has been growing their portfolio and office in the Dallas market and Carol will be working to expand relationships and pursue new business opportunities in Dallas and surrounding areas.
"We've been searching for the right Business Developer for our Dallas office," said Lisa Bell-Reim, Oculus Inc. President. "Carol is the perfect fit for our organization and we can't wait for our clients to become acquainted with her and to see what new relationships she cultivates."
Oculus Inc. is a nationally, WBE-Certified, full-service architecture and consulting services firm with offices in St. Louis & Dallas.
Asif Kadiani & Nick Zahner Join Murphy Company
Asif Kadiani
Asif Kadiani, P.E., CEM, GBE, LEED AP, has joined Murphy Company as senior engineer, design-build. The announcement was made by Mark Bengard, P.E., senior vice president, sales and pre-construction for the mechanical engineering and contracting firm.
A registered professional engineer in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Oklahoma, Kadiani also is a certified energy manager, a green building engineer, and a LEED accredited professional. He is a member of the editorial advisory board for HPAC Magazine and is a member of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
Kadiani holds an MBA from Eastern Illinois University. He earned his master's degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology and a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Bombay, both in Bombay, India. He also took pre-engineering coursework at the University of Bombay.
Since 1993, Kadiani has worked on major projects in higher education, K-12 education, municipal and government, healthcare, military, data centers, research, communications, transportation and commercial facilities throughout the Midwest.
"We are delighted to welcome Asif to the Murphy team," said Bengard. "His expertise in the design and analyses of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning, building automation, fire protection and plumbing systems fits nicely with both our service platforms and the markets we serve. His experience supervising project teams also is very helpful."
Nicholas Zahner Hired by Murphy Co. as Safety Engineer
Nicholas Kahner
Nicholas (Nick) Zahner has joined Murphy Company as a safety engineer. The announcement was made by Chris Hamilton, director of safety. Zahner is a 2015 graduate of the University of Central Missouri in Warrensburg where he majored in safety management. Previously, Nick served as the environmental health and safety coordinator for HarbisonWalker International where he provided safety oversight of all safety programs and policies.
Murphy Company delivers mechanical solutions to the industrial, commercial, institutional and heavy industrial markets.
Nick Walker Joins IMPACT Strategies as Director of Development & Construction Services
Nick Walker has 20 years of experience as a registered architect and as a construction manager. Walker most recently was Vice President of Development and Construction for a St. Louis-based developer and builder of senior housing properties. Walker is a registered architect in Missouri and a member of the American Institute of Architects and NCARB. He has vast experience in all levels of senior housing projects and is a certified aging-in-place specialist though the NAHB.
A resident of Des Peres, Missouri, Walker earned a bachelor's degree in Architecture at the University of Kentucky and an MBA at Saint Louis University. He also completed the Construction Leadership Institute program at Southern Illinois University – Edwardsville.
Ron Landolt, LANDCO Construction's CEO, announced two staff promotions at the firm's Strategic Planning Session held on January 27, 2017.
Linda Bernhard was promoted to President. Linda has over 20 years of experience in the St. Louis commercial construction market in the areas of Construction Management, Strategic Planning, Preconstruction and Human Resources. Linda is an accredited LEED Green Associate and recipient of the Project Manager of the Year Award in 2016 from the American Subcontractors Association ( ASA) of the Midwest Council. Linda is a graduate of the University of Kansas with a degree in Architectural Engineering with an emphasis in Construction Management.
Greg Zuzack
Greg Zuzack was promoted to Vice President. Greg, a graduate of St. Louis University, joined the firm in 2008 and has over 30 years of experience in the St. Louis commercial construction market in the areas of Business Development, Strategic Planning, Preconstruction and Project Management. Greg is an accredited LEED Green Associate, and is actively involved with IFMA and BOMA.
"Both Linda Bernhard and Greg Zuzack exemplify a high level of character, competency, and capacity which are exceptional traits that every firm is looking for in their employees. It goes without saying that Linda and Greg are truly genuine leaders in the commercial construction industry. I am extremely proud of their accomplishments and pleased to have both of them on our team," stated Ron Landolt at the firm's 2017 Strategic Planning Session.
St. Louis based LANDCO Construction is a leading commercial construction contractor providing Preconstruction, Construction Management and Interior Construction Services.
Architects Dusica Stankovic and Colten Baker Join HOK's St. Louis Office
Dusica Stankovic
Architects Dusica Stankovic and Colten Baker have joined HOK in St. Louis. Both will support the HOK team working on the Indiana University Health Bloomington Regional Academic Healthcare project. Stankovic serves as a senior project architect and Baker serves as a design professional.
Stankovic joins HOK from RDG Planning & Design in Des Moines, Ia. She earned her master of architecture at the University of Belgrade and her degree in architecture from the University of Sarajevo.
Colten Baker
Baker joins HOK from Oculus Inc. in St. Louis, Mo. He earned his master of architecture and degree in architectural studies from Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Ill.
Great Rivers Greenway Welcomes Angelica Gutierrez as Project Manager
Angelica Gutierrez
Great Rivers Greenway is pleased to welcome Angelica Gutierrez, of North St. Louis County, to its team of professionals who are working to connect the St. Louis region through the development of greenways so people can live life outside. Gutierrez has joined as Project Manager, overseeing all aspects of greenway construction projects, from community engagement to design and construction. She will also coordinate the organization's involvement in the Gateway Bike Plan, which aims to identify the regional system of on-street bikeways and develop strategies for education, encouragement, and enforcement to make bicycling safe for people of all ages and abilities.
As an industrial engineer, she brings to Great Rivers Greenway nearly 16 years of experience in project management, including a background in public works and production management. Her prior experience includes nine years with the City of University City, where she most recently held the position of Senior Public Works Manager. Her efforts there included streetscapes, bridge replacement, street and sidewalk repair and maintenance, bicycle facilities and traffic signal installation projects.
Great Rivers Greenway connects the St. Louis region with greenways so people can explore their rivers, parks and communities, making it a vibrant place to live, work
Tauquincy Neal, FM for St. Charles City-County Library District, Earns FMP and SFP Designations
Tauquincy Neal
Tauquincy Neal, facility manager for St. Charles City-County Library District, has attained credentials as a Facility Management Professional (FMP) and Sustainability Facility ProfessionaL (SFP). Only members of the International Facility Management Association can earn these professional designations. Neal is a member of the IFMA St. Louis chapter.
Neal took an extensive online course and passed assessments in four focus areas to achieve the FMP designation. Professionals who earn the designation demonstrate a proven comprehension of the foundations of facility management and knowledge in the core facility management topics deemed critical by employers.
Additionally, she took an extensive online course and passed assessments in three focus areas to achieve the SFP designation. Focus areas provide a complete picture of how SFPs can improve the sustainability of their facilities in all eight major categories of sustainable facility management as defined by IFMA: energy, water, materials and resources, workplace management, indoor environmental quality, quality of services, waste and site impact.
Neal started with the St. Charles City-County Library District in August 2015, as its first facility manager. She manages the day-to-day maintenance of all buildings and grounds, projects, and all contractors and vendors, as well as its delivery and supply operations. The library district comprises 12 branches in St. Charles City and County. She also is responsible for its administrative office.
Neal has been a member of IFMA St. Louis since 2015.
IFMA St. Louis offers its members a learning and networking environment among its diverse membership, and supplies its members with the tools to achieve their professional goals.
Jake Haggmark Joins HOK's St. Louis Office as Senior Design Professional
Jake Haggmark
Jake Haggmark has joined HOK in St. Louis. He will support the HOK team as a senior design professional working on high-profile, corporate design projects across the US.
Haggmark joins HOK from CannonDesign in St. Louis, Missouri. He earned his master of architecture from the Knowlton School of Architecture at The Ohio State University and his degree in architecture from Alfred State College.
Lee Burford Joins Holland Construction Services as Senior Project Manager
Lee Burford
Holland Construction Services (Holland), is pleased to announce that Lee Burford has joined the Holland team as Senior Project Manager. Lee comes to Holland with over 36 years of construction management experience overseeing a variety of multi-million dollar projects both as a project manager and project director.
Lee has the designation of Certified Professional Constructor, the American Institute of Constructors highest level of certification only given to established constructors with years of project oversight experience. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Construction Management from Bradley University.
Holland Construction Services is a full-service construction management, general contracting, and design/build firm based in Swansea, Ill.
New Hires at Oculus, Inc.
Oculus Inc., a full-service architecture and interior design firm, is pleased to announce the addition of Josh West to its professional staff as an Intern Architect, Kaitlin McCormick from intern to Interior Designer and Zachary Mette to its professional staff as an Intern Architect.
Mt. West will be working with project and programming data, synthesizing information into floor plans and space layouts, developing approved layouts into developed designs, assisting with the preparation of construction details and drawings for permit. He brings experience working with community improvement, museum design, healthcare facilities, and transportation centers. In addition, he also worked as a Teaching Assistant where he mentored multiple groups of students working on design and constructions projects. His software skills include Auto Cad, Revit, SketchUp, Illustrator, InDesign and Photoshop. In addition to Mr. West's experience, he holds a Masters of Architecture and a Bachelors of Architecture with a minor in Landscape Design from Southern Illinois University. "We are so pleased to have Josh join Oculus," said Lisa Bell-Reim, Oculus Inc. President. "We look forward to working with him; his strong background in working with community based projects will be of great service to our federal work."
Ms. McCormick comes to Oculus to help with creating design concepts, finish selections, developing furniture budgets, preparing finish plans, designing signage, assisting with the preparation of construction drawings for permits, preparing client presentations, and managing the product library. She has been involved with projects for the Girl Scouts of America and multiple school and retail projects. In addition to her experience, Ms. McCormick holds a Bachelor of Human Environmental Studies/interior Design/Architectural Design from Southeast Missouri State University and is pursuing her NCIDQ. "We got to know Kaitlin very well as she worked for us an interior design intern," said Lisa Bell-Reim, Oculus Inc. President. "Based on the skill we recognized during her internship, we are thrilled she has joined the firm as a full time Interior Designer."
Mr. Mette brings a background of work experience that includes leadership, technical skills and design skills. His role at Oculus will be schematic design development, conceptual and construction documents, digital model construction, and drafting. Zach gained invaluable experience while he completed his Architecture Degree at Drury University (Springfield, MO) by working on Community Studio projects, which were real projects with actual clients, budgets and contractual agreements. Through this program, he worked with the Army Corps of Engineers' Joe Bald Park to create a 30-year vision for improving the facilities. He is skilled in spatial programming and the following software: Revit, CAD, Sketch up, InDesign and Photoshop. "Zach came to us as a summer intern before returning to his final year of school," said Lisa Bell-Reim, Oculus Inc. President. "We are thrilled he has come back in a full time role."
Three from Byrne & Jones Sports Division Earn Certified Builder Accreditation
Ben Traetow
Ben Traetow and David Baalman of Byrne & Jones Construction's sports division have earned Certified Field Builder (CFB-S)Tom Brockmann, also of Byrne & Jones Construction's sports division, has earned Certified Track Builder (CTB) Byrne & Jones has installed more than 2,000 athletic surfaces in the Midwest, including artificial and natural turf fields for all types of sports as well as track and fields, tennis courts and associated site improvements.
David Baalman
CFB-S and CTB accreditations are awarded by the 52-year-old American Sports Builders Association and is given to those who have demonstrated a high level of expertise in synthetic turf field and running track construction. Learn more at www.sportsbuilders.org
Traetow has a degree in construction systems management from The Ohio State University.
Tom Brockmann
Baalman has a degree in construction management from Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville.
Brockmann has a degree in mechanical engineering from Missouri University of Science & Technology.
Founded in 1976, Byrne & Jones Construction is a diversified St. Louis civil site contractor serving clients through six divisions – concrete, sports, asphalt, soil stabilization, marine and micro surfacing.
The Engineering Center of St. Louis Presents Engineers Week
Holland Construction Services Completes Addition at The Homestead at Hickory View Retirement Community


Widely popular as Swedish singer, manager, songwriter as well as an actress, Laila Natali Bagge Wahlgren has worked in many albums along with Television Shows. Finding and developing the girl group "Playwhich" she has been specializing in reality shows as well as a singer. Her renowned albums "Hello Laila", "All About Love" and singles "Here We Go Again" has been a remarkable hit.
Born in the land of Lund, Sweden as Laila Natali Cahling, her birthday is in 15th of December in the year 1972.
Beginning of her career, she signed and released her top 40 hit "Here We Go Again" and even worked for Sony BMG New Year as a talent scout for three glorious years. In the same year, Laila released her another album " Hello Laila". Not only in the music industry, she even experimented her luck in Television reality shows as a judge in singing competition and as a participant in the dancing show.
Growing up with siblings namely Jonas Cahling, JoakimCahling, Linda Cahling, and Johan Cahling, Laila was the daughter of Swedish mother Mona Cahling and father being a Palestinian.
Known for her Genres Pop and Soul and Labels as Motown, Laila was an extreme hit from her first album which a super hit. Owner of two companies Meriola Media Group AB and Meriola Songs AB with Anders Bagge and Andreas Carlsson, she was even the Jury in the reality show Idol and an active participant in "Let's Dance" and banged the second position. Singing wise, she had participated in the TV program and began aspiring to be the future singer. Apart from that, she had been part of the singles "Spider" and "I'm Feeling Happy Again". Leading the entertainment program "Fest at Bagge", Launching her own wine "Ruby Zin" and "Cha ChaCha", she even was a substitute as a radio speaker where she became permanent later. Laila even designed crystal glasses, champagne, whiskey and wine glasses and a wine scarf which shows her hand in various interest fields.
Talking about her Personal love life, she was formerly engaged with Mason Pitts and even had a son together Liam Pitts. Later in 1995-2002, she was married to Andres Bagge, however, it ended soon. Her latest marital relationship was with NiclasWahlgren from 2010 to 2015 with whom, Laila even had a son, Kit Wahlgren.
Her decent annual net worth is informed to be around $8 million which is quite impressive.
Laila possesses a very healthy body of height 5 feet 4 inch and weight of 75 kg.
Known to very few about the fact that Laila appeared in the movie "Bert - the last virgin" and written songs for many popular singers such as Céline Dion, 98 Degrees, 702 and Maya.


text:
Ahead on the 8/5/2014 Maddow show
A look at the people and stories coming up on Tuesday night's show
Aug. 6, 2014, 12:07 AM UTC / Updated Aug. 6, 2014, 12:07 AM UTC
By Will Femia
Tonight's guests:
Kim Barker, reporter for the New York Times who wrote about Move America Forward for ProPublica
Congressman Adam Schiff, member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Select Committee on Benghazi
Allan Lichtman, presidential historian at American University
Here's executive producer Bill Wolff with a preview of what's rollin' tonight:
Tuesday's big show


Get ready for that cruise or holiday away with this soft, light and absolutely stunning lace duster! This gorgeous piece adds instant glam and elegance to any out fit. Wear it over a dress, our really step it up with our pearl bustier and Flapper pants underneath. This piece is sure to turn heads!


We are construction recruitment experts.
Here at Select People, we are passionate about placing hard-working people into winning teams.
With a wealth of experience under our belt and a broad network of talent at our fingertips, we provide recruitment services to Design and Build, Fit-Out and Refurbishment Specialists; Multi-Disciplinary Consultancies; Main Contractors; Mixed-Use Developers; and Sub-Contractor Specialists.


text:
layout: page
title: Mcdaniel Rain Chemical Conference
date: 2016-05-24
author: Linda Hardin
tags: weekly links, java
status: published
summary: Vivamus luctus imperdiet pharetra. Nam quis pulvinar libero. Cum sociis.
banner: images/banner/people.jpg
booking:
  startDate: 10/16/2019
  endDate: 10/18/2019
  ctyhocn: CADSMHX
  groupCode: MRCC
published: true
---
Mauris id nibh id nibh sodales imperdiet. Suspendisse maximus purus lorem, eu molestie urna sagittis quis. Cras vehicula ipsum nibh, eget facilisis est elementum ac. Aliquam nec aliquam eros. Nunc libero erat, maximus sit amet velit ac, ultricies vestibulum nisi. Ut mollis lacus et elit vulputate, at ornare lectus congue. Nunc scelerisque sapien ipsum, lacinia maximus est interdum ut. Cras mi tortor, commodo eget consequat et, eleifend eu magna. Donec magna elit, egestas consectetur condimentum non, sollicitudin aliquam quam. Suspendisse convallis luctus nisl, ac ultrices ante ultrices vitae.

* Maecenas sit amet nibh accumsan metus sollicitudin placerat
* Etiam porttitor orci cursus efficitur luctus
* Praesent et odio a nunc sodales consectetur
* Integer tristique mauris convallis sapien scelerisque vehicula
* Donec at sapien viverra, tristique urna vel, pretium sem
* Sed a purus interdum, mollis est at, hendrerit dui.

Integer porttitor, ligula quis interdum mollis, leo elit sagittis quam, non cursus mi lectus id sem. In sit amet lectus ac elit commodo maximus eu suscipit erat. Pellentesque blandit sapien vitae elit rhoncus suscipit. Nunc laoreet ligula urna, id laoreet arcu laoreet eget. Duis scelerisque enim orci, nec elementum massa tempus vitae. Duis et risus elit. In lorem orci, scelerisque non vulputate in, molestie ut augue. Curabitur vitae purus non libero faucibus ultrices id mattis ligula. Maecenas non erat ac justo consectetur fringilla. Etiam maximus, nibh sed condimentum vestibulum, tortor lacus condimentum orci, et sodales mauris nulla nec lacus. Pellentesque pretium mauris sit amet nisl sollicitudin fringilla. Nulla ac eros ipsum.


text:
package txa.core.world;

import txa.core.player.Player;

public class Item {

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	public Item(String ID,String n)
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		this(ID,n,"",true);
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		this(ID,n,"",v);
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	public Item(String ID,String name, String description,Boolean visible)
	{
		this.ID=ID;
		this.name = name;
		this.description= description;
		this.visible = visible;
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	public void use(Player p)
	{
		System.out.println("You can't use "+name);
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		return visible;
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	public void setVisible(boolean visible) {
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		this.description = description;
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	public String getName() {
		return name;
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	public void setName(String name) {
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}


text:
Stephen Elliott, Jr. (* 26. Oktober 1830 oder 1832 in Beaufort, South Carolina; † 21. Februar oder 21. März 1866 in Aiken, South Carolina) war ein Brigadegeneral der Konföderierten im Sezessionskrieg.

Leben
Elliott stammte aus einer bekannten Familie des Öffentlichen Lebens. Sein Großvater war der Botaniker Stephen Elliott, sein Vater Stephen Elliott war Bischof der Episkopalkirche der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, ebenso wie sein jüngerer Bruder Robert W. B. Elliott. Elliotts Großonkel William Elliott war ein Patriot des Unabhängigkeitskrieges, während dessen Sohn der Schriftsteller William Elliott war.

Zu Beginn des Sezessionskrieges trat er in die Confederate States Army ein und rüstete eine Batterie leichter Artillerie aus, die sogenannte Beaufort Artillery. Im August 1862 kommandierte er drei Batterien im Castle Pinckney, einer Küstenbefestigung zum Schutz des Hafens von Charleston (South Carolina), und wurde dabei für seine Tapferkeit befördert. Kurz darauf wurde er zum Kommandanten von Fort Sumter in der Bucht von Charleston ernannt, wo er dem langen Bombardement durch Generalmajor Quincy Adams Gilmore ausgesetzt war. Bei der Belagerung von Petersburg wurde er im Juli 1864 bei der Explosion einer Mine verwundet und blieb bis zum Kriegsende dienstuntauglich. Zuletzt wurde er am 24. Mai 1864 zum Brigadegeneral befördert.

Nach dem Krieg leistete er den Eid auf die Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten und kandidierte als Vertreter der Republikanischen Partei für das US-Repräsentantenhaus, unterlag jedoch dem früheren Gouverneur von South Carolina, William Aiken. Wenig später starb er an den Folgen seiner Kriegsverletzung.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Generale der Konföderierten im Sezessionskrieg

Literatur

Weblinks

 Civil War Reference
 Civil War Tribute

Militärperson (Konföderierte Staaten)
Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 19. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1866
Mann