More than 1,300 girls in the United Kingdom have experienced negative reactions to the government-mandated Cervarix vaccine for the human papillomavirus (HPV), according to adverse events reports collected from doctors by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
Cervarix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline, inoculates patients against strains 16 and 18 of HPV, which are believed to be responsible for 70 percent of cervical cancer cases. The British government began a program to vaccinate all secondary school girls in September 2008, and 700,000 have received the injections so far. The government's plan is to have all girls under the age of 18 vaccinated by 2011.
Critics have objected, however, that the government based its decision on studies of women under the age of 26, rather than studies conducted on school-age girls. In addition, while the vaccine has been shown to prevent against HPV infection in the short term, there is no evidence of its long-term efficacy or that it actually lowers cancer rates.
The MHRA reports show a total of 2,891 adverse events reported in 1,340 girls. The majority were minor and short-lived problems, such as swelling, rashes, pain or mild allergies to the vaccine. A number of cases were more severe, however, including 20 cases of blurred vision, four cases of convulsions, one case of seizures and one epileptic fit. Five cases of partial paralysis were reported, including Bell's palsy (face), Guillain-Barre syndrome (legs), hyopaesthesia (loss of sense of touch) and hemiparesis (severe weakening or paralysis of half the body).
"The government needs to look at the future of this program given the number of side-effects coming through," Fletcher said.
A study of the HPV vaccination published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on August 19, 2009 reports that there were 12,424 adverse reactions to Gardasil, of which 772 were serious and 32 deaths.
GARDASIL is currently, at this time, still in its testing or evaluation phase, of its trials on our children.
Already there have been numerous cases reported…serious side effects and fatalities relative to the HPV VACCINE.
One great concern with this, and other (INFLUENZA, HERPES, HPV, HIV etc) VACCINES which many overlook, and too few are willing to own up to, is the horrendous neurological attack, and self destructive or disabling ability, of an additive known as SQUALENE.
Whether this squalene formula is the MF59 or AS03 brand, it does not matter, because it has been determined to cause irreparable chaos to the immune system in both human beings and animals, as well.
Not only did squalene leave its mark on the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE as from the beginning of the "Gulf War Conflict," but much more importantly, on thousand of un-suspecting and, un-informed soldiers of the UNITED STATES, the UNITED KINGDOM and CANADA.
This OIL & WATER mixture, "adjuvant," SQUALENE, administered to 10s of thousands of human beings via the U.S. Army's experimental ANTHRAX VACCINES, is strongly believed to have been the cause of every conceivable neurological autoimmune disease, and then some, to emerge.
It has also been used to increase the efficacy of influenza vaccines…since 1984 and onward.
Information compiled and provided by Christopher-Peter: Maingot; without prejudice, malice aforethought, ill will, vexation, or frivolity.
EXCIPIENTS (any component of a finished dosage form, other than the claimed therapeutic ingredient, or ingredients) of which are typically found, to be contained in VACCINES, administered to human beings.
The University of Georgia Research Foundation filed a patent application on the 30th of December 1998, for a fertility impairing vaccine. The vaccine is comprised of an aqueous solution, containing the isolated pZP glycoprotein, typically in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and, additionally, preferably contains Tween 80.
Polysorbate 80, is in the Fluarix, U.S. marketed Swine Flu vaccine, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). The GSK Canada, version, is known as Arepanrix™ and, virtually contains the same ingredients.
Polysorbate 80 clinical studies – have shown increased risks of the following serious side effects; blood clots, stroke, heart attack, heart failure and death in some cases. It has also been shown to shorten overall survival and/or increase the risk of tumor growth or recurrence in patients with certain types of cancer.
Other SEVERE side effects, may include; Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); blurred vision or vision changes; chest pain; confusion; fainting; fast or irregular heartbeat; flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, sore throat); one-sided weakness; pale skin color; seizures; redness, tenderness, or swelling of the calf; severe diarrhea, dizziness, headache, stomach pain, or vomiting; severe or persistent tiredness or weakness; slurred speech; sudden pain or numbness of an arm or leg; sudden shortness of breath; sudden trouble walking or loss of balance; swelling of the arms or legs; vision or speech problems; weight gain.
More COMMON side effects of Polysorbate/Tween 80, may include; Constipation; cough; diarrhea; dizziness; headache; muscle, joint, back, or stomach pain; nausea or vomiting; pain, swelling, irritation, redness, or bruising at the injection site; unusual tiredness or weakness.
Most other Influenza Vaccines, along with several other typically administered vaccines, around the world, contain Polysorbate/Tween 80.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells.
May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, liver, spleen, bone marrow and, central nervous system (CNS). Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.
Federal and State Regulations – California Proposition 65 (prop 65) – The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, which would require a warning under the statute.
CLASS D-1B: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (TOXIC).
CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).
Chronic Effects on Humans: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified A2 (Suspected for human.) by ACGIH, 2A (Probable for human.) by IARC [Formaldehyde].
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. [Formaldehyde]. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. [Formaldehyde].
Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. [Methyl alcohol].
Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. [Methyl alcohol].
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS (Able to disturb the growth and development of an embryo or fetus): Classified POSSIBLE for human [Methyl alcohol].
May cause damage to the following organs: kidneys, liver, central nervous system (CNS).
Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Very hazardous in case of ingestion.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Exposure to Formaldehyde and Methanol may affect genetic material (mutagenic).
Exposure to Formaldehyde and Methanol may cause adverse reproductive effects and birth defects (teratogenic).
Adverse reproductive effects of Formaldehyde as well as Methanol are primarily based on animal studies.
Harmful if swallowed. May be fatal. Causes gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting (possibly with blood), diarrhea, severe pain in mouth, throat and stomach, and possible corrosive injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa/ulceration or bleeding from stomach. May also affect the liver (jaundice), urinary system/kidneys (difficulty urinating, albuminuria, hematuria, anuria), blood, endocrine system, respiration (respiratory obstruction, pulmonary edema, bronchiolar obstruction), cardiovascular system (hypotension), metabolism (metabolic acidosis), eyes (retinal changes, visual field changes), and behavior/central nervous system.
Federal and State Regulations – California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, which would require a warning under the statute.
CLASS B-3: Combustible liquid with a flash point between 37.8°C (100°F) and 93.3°C (200°F).
CLASS D-1A: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (VERY TOXIC).
This is but a small list, of some of the most typical excipients/ingredients, contained in a vast number of regularly administered, and scheduled vaccinations; used by governments around the world. These vaccines (DRUGS), are almost always recommended, and sometimes forced upon us. Supposedly meant to provide protection of the recipient's health.
Health Canada approved this country's H1N1 vaccine without evaluating its safety and effectiveness on a single Canadian, the Ottawa Citizen has learned.
Invariably, the introduction of these alien substances into the human body/system, will create serious anaphylaxis reactions. And, possibly even fatal, anaphylactoid shock, as well.
Information compiled and provided by: Christopher-Peter: Maingot; without prejudice, malice aforethought, ill will, vexation, or frivolity.


Recently I had a request to design a twig thumb ring and use some old gold jewelry my customer no longer wore to be used to cast a new and more modern piece. She had seen my custom twig engagement and wedding ring set and knew that a twig design would be just the thing for her.
I suggested a ring that would wrap around the thumb for an overlap that would give flexibility to the fit. That way is would easily slide over the usually larger knuckle and settle comfortably in the smaller place where the ring would be worn.
By using my hot wax pen I was able to melt certain areas for the knots and to create some very smooth surfaces to juxtapose with the rougher, textural areas.
We weighed out my customer's gold to be sure we had enough to cover the ring, the casting sprue and the button which acts as a reservoir of molten metal to make sure the ring casts properly. The wax ring weight is multiplied by 14 or 15 to estimate the amount of gold for the ring and then doubled to account for the sprue etc. We had enough from a couple of old but beautiful pins that were no longer worn but were about to be reborn as a gleaming, gold thumb ring.
The 14K Yellow Gold Twig Thumb Ring is complete.


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MALIBU – On Friday afternoon, Tim Biglow stood in his Malibu West neighborhood, watching the Woolsey Fire become more aggressive. Most people had left, homes had already burned to the ground, and the hills were on fire in every direction.
Proximity to the ocean is the appeal of Malibu West, a hilly development filled with one- and two-story modern homes, its streets lined with palm trees and tropical greens. And yet, there did not seem to be enough water at hand to save all the white and pastel-colored homes, whose large, airy windows overlook the picturesque seascape.
Ventura County wildfire coverage:
Live fire updates: Latest map, updates, statistics and more
How the wildfires are affecting air quality in Ventura County
With fires raging after Thousand Oaks shooting, what's next?
Each time a thin line of black smoke billowed up, Biglow, who has lived in Malibu for most of his life, knew it was another home. Soon, the black smoke engulfed his street, and the afternoon quickly felt like night. But he didn't leave, nor did the "brigade of volunteers" he was working alongside.
"The fire came across the canyon quickly," Biglow said Saturday morning, his hair and slight beard scraggly from working through the night, tired creases around his eyes. "Between me and four other people, we tried to push the fire off from the houses. It was coming so fast. ... We had to keep following it as it moved down the street. It was black smoke and hot and already dark. When the flames were 40 feet high and 20 feet from me, I didn't think I would make it."
The group had their ownindustrial-grade fire hosesready to go. They knocked down fences and cleared brush, trying to rid properties of fire fuel. They attempted to extinguish anything that caught small flames or smoldered. Not waiting for officials to sweep their streets, they shut off gas and water access as they went. In wildfire situations, water needs to be shut off to prevent damage to homes if the fire happens to break the pipes.
Many homes didn't make it through the night. At least 20 of the approximately 180 homes in Biglow's neighborhood burned.
A few miles to the south, at Point Dume, more than 13 homes were destroyed.
The Woolsey Fire had scorched 70,000 acres by Saturday morning, and more than 2,000 personnel were fighting the fire. About 3,500 structures were threatened. The Woolsey Fire was straddling Ventura and Los Angeles counties, and Ventura County sheriff's Sgt. Eric Buschow said 50 homes had been damaged or destroyed in his jurisdiction. Los Angeles County authorities did not yet have estimates on the total number of homes destroyed by the Woolsey Fire.
On Saturday morning, Biglow walked through Malibu West and Point Dume, where his father lives. Ash rained down like snow.
In the the Point Dume neighborhoodless than a half-mile from the ocean, all that was left on some lots was the outline of what once were homes.
On one plot, brick stairs to nowhere lead upward. A chimney stood tall in the middle of the rubble. Kitchen appliances were knocked over on their sides. Melted garbage cans lined the exterior of the garage.
Biglow made a sweep of the streets to see what survived and what didn't. His voice was filled with pride and relief as he called out to friends: "Your home made it!" They high-fived and hugged but knew there was still much to be done.
Biglow said the president of the homeowners association that he belongs to plans to hosta meeting on fire prevention after the Woolsey Fire settles down. He said there are too many preventative actions that could have been taken, but weren't. He said residents need to remove brush regularly and store firewood safely.
Jed Henri, 62, of the Point Dume neighborhood, said he stayed in his home on Friday night until things got too gnarly. Henri then headed to the Dume Beach evacuation center, where he and his wife slept in their car. He was thankful to see that although his home had minor fire damage, it was mostly intact. Henri said his neighbor, Kevin Michaels, saved his house, and many others.
"God, it was scary," Henri said. "It is devastating watching someone's house burn down. It kills you. We watched the flames approach last night, but there was real heroism going on. Michaels was trying to save four houses and really, anybody who tried to save a house themselves, those are the houses that are still standing here."
Henri said neighbors worked together to put out smoldering flames. The water was shut off in the neighborhood Friday evening, so residents worked to throw dirt over flames.
Travis Walker, 48, of Point Dume, called Michaels the hero of the street.
Follow Nicole Hayden on Twitter: @Nicole_A_Hayden

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Am researching poverty & hunger in the US after Bill Clinton's 1996 destruction of the welfare system–a destruction endorsed & shilled by Hillary Clinton. That so-called reform massively increased starvation in the US among children, women, disabled, elderly, & weighs heaviest on Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, & undocumented immigrants because racism is built into the reformed system.
That post is forthcoming & isn't just a condemnation of the Clinton candidacy but of the whole damn system where official, & certainly conservative, estimates of chronic hunger in the US are 16% of the population–about 50 million people.
In the process of researching, I learned incidentally about the origins of the electoral college which we now see is an oligarchic contraption to control elections. But originally the delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention devised the thing to give slaveholders greater weight in national politics. It was to protect slavery.
In a direct election system, northern states would have outnumbered the South where slaves could not vote. The electoral college prototype let each southern state count its slaves (with a two-fifths discount) in computing its share of the overall electoral college.
The more you know about US history, the more you realize we didn't get to where we are by accident. The more you know, the more you understand the two parties are central to the problem & no part of the solution.


Proceed at your own risk. Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others. Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others. Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others. Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others.
This article applies to all version of Windows 10. The week after Christmas I started up my home laptop and wondered why it was so slow … update was downloading and installing changes. Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others. Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others. It's recommended that you make a full backup of your computer before proceeding. You can take some control over this and have Windows 10 install updates on your schedule, but these options are hidden. Comments that do not — typically off-topic or content-free comments — will be removed.
Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others. You could try setting your Wi-Fi connection as metered, which would prevent update downloading and, of course, installing but I don't recommend that you do that. In that file, put the two lines: sc. So keeping it up to date is still a good idea. Ready on day one to provide answers and complete basic tasks, Cortana learns over time to become more useful every day.
System software uses significant storage space. You can then tick a box of an update you want to stop and that will then stop that update from running. As such, you can't influence the update cycle and properties. . Proceed at your own risk.
First, change the setting that will allow the service to be started: sc. But that's the theory, anyway. This was only reversable by removing the latest product updates affecting Access 2010, repairing the program by running repair off the installation disc. Ready on day one to provide answers and complete basic tasks, Cortana learns over time to become more useful every day. If your connection offers unlimited downloads at a specific time — for example, during the middle of the night — you could mark the connection as unmetered occasionally at these times to download updates and mark it as metered after the updates are downloaded.
Ready on day one to provide answers and complete basic tasks, Cortana learns over time to become more useful every day. Unfortunately, while Windows 10 Professional has some control over when updates are installed, Windows 10 Home has no such option. In this section, you can toggle different Windows Defender options, including real-time protection, cloud-based protection, and automatic sample submission. Battery life varies with settings and usage. If you have feedback for TechNet Subscriber Support, contact.
Using your face, fingerprint or companion device, it recognizes you apart from all others. All settings were default except: Wi-Fi was associated with a network and Auto-Brightness disabled. Ready on day one to provide answers and complete basic tasks, Cortana learns over time to become more useful every day. Note: If you need to update your Windows version later, you can repeat the steps above, then select Enabled to turn on this feature, so that you can continue to download the updates. Ready on day one to provide answers and complete basic tasks, Cortana learns over time to become more useful every day. The 7 day period may work in some situations but it won't work in others. Using the Choose your input device drop-down menu, you can quickly select the microphone that you want to use as your default.
Prices are not offered by Microsoft unless stated in the window displayed after clicking shop now. This is a big hammer. Ready on day one to provide answers and complete basic tasks, Cortana learns over time to become more useful every day. Use it or drop it. You can find compatible headphones by looking for the Cortana badge or Circle icon on product packaging and websites.


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Cory Booker Adds to the Senate Legacy
Home > TIOM > Cory Booker Adds to the Senate Legacy
Posted on: October 16th, 2013	by tommyj
With a victory in the Senate race for the state of New Jersey, Cory Booker adds to the short list of popular elected Black Senators. Only 3 before him have won their seats by in a popular election. In the 237 years, there have only been a total of 8 Black elected Senators in American history…and his presence is a welcome from the recent influx of elected officials that have a personal agenda instead of the country's best interest. Some do have their own party's best interest in mind. And if you ask them they say it is the will of the American people who they represent. The last I checked, I did not ask to have the government of the United Staes of America to shut down, take the country to the brink of a default or to not pass laws that would help create JOBS, JOBS, JOBS as promised in the 2010 midterm elections.
The 2010 elections began an era of radical positions on American policy and views. The majority of those elected took positions that were in the interest of a minority segment of America..The Tea Party. Their views seemed to not be their own, but a conjoined agenda passed down by big backers and organizations. These new officials came from a gerrymandered segment of local communities, without any diversity of thought and ideology. There seems to be no free thinking member among them. Public officials like Cory Booker, that have represented a diverse population bring a better representation of America to Washington DC. Mayor Booker has shown his community, city, state and America that he governs on an even kiel. The demographic of Newark is as diverse as the opening session of a UN meeting, a little bit of everyone. A politician that has a hands on approach to governing and dealing with his constituents, will deliver an approach similar to that of a Trigonometry equation "If – Then".
From our little corner of the world here in San Diego, we have seen the effects of a mayor who has his hands on the pulse of the city and a mayor that has his hands on…well you know. And one of them ends up not to good for the city. Mayor Booker's open approach to government and the importance of government officials to see his constituents as people and not just a block of voters, helps to make better decisions when there is a need to get involved and when to take a step back approach. This leads to a "Solution" that is in the best interest of all, not just the select few or a supporters cause. Keeping people in perspective, Mayor Booker was literally hands on when saving lives, physically and figuratively. An intelligent approach to solving problems creating opportunities is a missing trait in Washington.
Eight African Americans have served in the United States Senate. No African American served in the elective office before the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal government and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Of the eight senators, three were popularly elected, two were elected by the Mississippi State Senate, and three were appointed by a state Governor. The 113th United States Congress marked the first time that two African Americans have served concurrently in the Senate. Congratulations to Cory Booker in his bid to the US Senate and welcome to history.
The official senate portrait of Barack Obama, the fifth African-American United States Senator who would later become the first African-American President
P. B. S. Pinchback (1837–1921)
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Hiram Rhodes Revels (1827–1901)
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44th (1875–1877) 45th (1877–1879)
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Edward William Brooke, III (born 1919)
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Carol Moseley Braun (born 1947)
Democratic 103rd (1993–1995)
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Roland W. Burris (born 1937)
Democratic 111th (2009–2011)
Mo Cowan (born 1969)
Tim Scott (born 1965)
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Lazio sign goalkeeper Reina from AC Milan(Reuters) – Lazio have signed Spanish goalkeeper Pepe Reina from AC Milan on a
Brandy and Monica announce epic Verzuz battle: 'Get ready for the queens!'
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Automotive oil doesn't belong in the sump of your four-stroke outboard. Here's why.
Outboard engine owners looking to save a few dollars on an oil change should resist the temptation to re-fill with automotive oil. Yes, your four-stroke outboard engine is a similar design to the engine in your road vehicle, but it operates in a much different environment. And that environment requires a special lubricant. Get the straight talk on outboard engine oil from Charles Plueddeman, our boats.com Outboard Expert, and Yamaha rep David Meeler.
An outboard operates in one of the harshest environments imaginable for an engine. It's constantly near water and with each piston stroke draws in very humid air directly off the water's surface. This humid air also gets inside combustion chambers through open valves when it's not in use. And in a saltwater environment, that air is even more corrosive. When the engine is shut down, air remaining inside the engine can condense on bare-metal surfaces and cause corrosion on components like valve springs. The FC-W spec adds a rust-protection requirement that does not exist for automotive engine oils, and no automotive oil on the market could pass the FC-W test, in which samples cut from actual cylinder liners are exposed to a 24-hour salt-fog test.
For long life and reliability, your outboard engine needs a very specific type of oil.
A marine engine is also a real torture chamber for oil. Unlike automotive engines, which operate at peak power for just a few seconds at a time – as you accelerate on a freeway ramp, for example – a marine engine may run for hours at high RPM and under heavy load. This extended high-RPM operation can literally shear (or split) viscosity modifier molecules in ordinary automotive oil, reducing lubricity. Under shear stress, oil can become thinner and lose its ability to separate moving parts, leading to greater wear or even catastrophic failure in extreme cases. The FC-W spec imposes a higher minimum viscosity level, which means that FC-W oil will not thin out as much as automotive oil of the same viscosity under identical heat and RPM conditions.
A four-stroke outboard also operates at a much cooler temperature than an automotive engine, especially during periods of extended idle, such as trolling or long no-wake zones. An outboard also runs cool by design because saltwater will begin to crystallize if its temperature is raised above 170° F, potentially causing blockage in the cooling. Marine oil contains additives that help it provide adequate lubricity at a cool temperature, and resist the effects of fuel contamination which can occur during long periods at idle when unburned fuel condenses on cylinder walls.
Here's a final thought about marine oil. An outboard motor is an expensive piece of equipment. There's really no economy in saving a few dollars on a less-expensive oil for a $20,000 marine engine. My advice? Skip lunch, and buy the best marine oil you can find.


Colonoscopy is well-tolerated and rarely causes much pain. You will lie on your side in comfortable position. An anesthesiologist will give medication before the procedure through an intravenous line to put you in a light sleep. When you are asleep, the doctor slowly advances a colonoscope along your large intestine to examine the lining. Your doctor will examine the lining again as he or she slowly withdraws the colonoscope. The procedure itself usually takes less than 45 minutes, although you should plan on two to three hours for waiting, preparation and recovery.
Your doctor may destroy tiny polyps by fulguration (burning) or by removing them with wire loops called snares or with biopsy instruments. Your doctor will use a technique called "snare polypectomy" to remove larger polyps. Your doctor will pass a wire loop through the colonoscope and remove the polyp from the intestinal wall using an electrical current. You should feel no pain during them polypectomy.


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Here's what the New York Knicks must do to make something out of this season
Chris Iseman
NBA Writer
That's the question the New York Knicks have to ask themselves after a disastrous start to the season. They spent $70 million in free agency following a 17-win season to add more talent and experience to the roster, yet no improvements have been made.
Now it's about where to go from here, how to salvage this wreck of a start into something that can benefit them in the future.
Because that's what this season now has to be about: The future.
The Knicks are 4-17, and barring an incredible turnaround, things are only going to get worse at least in the immediate future with games against the Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers and Portland Trail Blazers all coming up.
The Knicks haven't made the consistent progress they've needed.
Regardless of who's coaching, whether it's David Fizdale or a potential interim coach in the event Fizdale is fired, development of the young players should become the Knicks' top priority — not wins and losses.
The Knicks brought in veterans like Taj Gibson, Marcus Morris, Wayne Ellington and even Bobby Portis and Julius Randle to create a competitive situation for their young players, provide leadership, and ideally, help the team win some games.
But with the exception of Randle, none of the players the Knicks signed over the summer have guaranteed deals for next season. So none of them are guaranteed to be a part of the Knicks' future.
While Morris has played well and Gibson has been a steady presence, none of those veteran players have helped the Knicks win and that doesn't appear to be changing anytime soon.
Young Knicks roster
The young players should get ample time to develop, learn and play through their struggles.
RJ Barrett is just 20 games into his rookie season, so ups and downs are naturally going to come. He's still shown he has the potential to be a foundation piece for the Knicks' future but has room to grow at just 19 years old. Barrett's playing 32 minutes per game already, which he should be getting.
Kevin Knox has taken some steps offensively, particularly with his three-point shooting, but his defensive struggles have continued, if not worsened. Fizdale has taken a "tough love" approach with the second-year forward by making him earn his time on the court, even benching him on Friday against the Sixers, but Knox isn't going to develop by sitting on the bench.
Mitchell Robinson hasn't taken the steps the Knicks have needed him to. While he's still a shot-blocking machine, he's still picking up way too many fouls, the same issue that hindered him his rookie season. The Knicks have worked in practice on developing his outside shot, but it's not going to matter if he can't stay on the court because of foul trouble.
Frank Ntilikina has clearly made progress in his third season, but has improvements to make offensively and Dennis Smith Jr., while he's had some solid performances, has regressed since last season. The Knicks need to get him right.
Those players are part of the Knicks' core. They're part of the Knicks' future. Those are the players the Knicks have to develop and improve before they can begin winning consistently.
Or, really, winning at all.
Some of the veterans they signed likely will draw some attention once Dec. 15 rolls around. That's the first day those players can be traded.
Morris could certainly help a contending team, and even Gibson and Ellington could have suitors.
If the right opportunities present themselves, the Knicks could trade those players for draft picks to benefit their future in another way.
That would also clear up minutes for the young players.
The Knicks will have financial flexibility this summer, but the free agency class is weak. And besides, if last summer showed anything, it's that little about free agency is certain.
The record is already ugly. It's probably going to get worse.
It's time to start looking to the future and salvage what's become a nightmare situation.
More New York Knicks news
MAJOR ISSUE:One big issue keeps costing the New York Knicks in close games
ENOUGH PROGRESS?:Did the New York Knicks make enough progress in their last 10 games?
Chris Iseman is the Knicks beat writer for NorthJersey.com. For unlimited access to all Knicks analysis, news, trades and more, please subscribe today and download our app.
Email: iseman@northjersey.com Twitter: @chrisiseman


Executive order D-417-28 was approved by the California Air Resource Board on October 29, 2009 for emissions compliance and installation on vehicles in New York and California. This executive order approved parts marts manufactured by Vantage Mobility International /.
This Executive Order approved the specified parts on on October 29, 2009.


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\section{Introduction}

	Granular media are known to exhibit complex dynamical behavior that stems from their discrete, often heterogeneous, structure and highly nonlinear particulate interactions \cite{DuranBook, GranularPhysicsBook, NesterenkoBook}. Ordered and reduced-dimensional granular systems, often referred to as ``granular crystals,'' have been a setting of interest for several decades, as they have yielded new, broader understanding of granular media dynamics \cite{NesterenkoBook}. In addition, utilization of the nonlinear particulate interactions in conjunction with classical linear effects such as dispersion induced by structural periodicity has resulted in granular crystals being used in new strategies for passive wave tailoring \cite{GranularCrystalReviewChapter,PhysTodayReview}.

	Models used to describe granular crystals are typically composed of one- to three-dimensional (1D and 3D, respectively) systems of rigid bodies interacting via Hertzian normal contact ``springs'' \cite{Hertz,Johnson}. For example, this approach has been used in previous studies to explore highly nonlinear mechanical wave propagation in uncompressed two-dimensional (2D) granular crystals \cite{NesterenkoBook,Shukla1993,Leonard1,Geubelle1,Geubelle2,Leonard2}. While this type of model works well for uncompressed granular media, interparticle shear interactions and particle rotations become increasingly important in statically compressed granular systems. Several recent theoretical works, based on earlier discrete lattice models of elastic media \cite{Suiker2001}, have introduced linear models of two- \cite{Linear2D,ZGVMembrane} and three-dimensional \cite{Linear3DTheory} granular crystals that account for interparticle shear interactions and particle rotations. These studies demonstrated how the additional degrees of freedom and modes of particle coupling can drastically influence the granular crystal dynamics, and yield unique effects such as the rotational waves experimentally observed in statically compressed macroscale granular systems \cite{Linear3DExp}. Shear interactions and particle rotations also play a similarly important role in the emerging field of microscale granular crystals, as has been demonstrated in recent theoretical \cite{WallenPRB} and experimental \cite{HiraiwaPRL} studies of quasi-1D microgranular systems in linear dynamical regimes.

	In this work, we explore the nonlinear phenomena of second harmonic (SH) generation for plane waves traveling in a model of a 2D hexagonally-close packed lattice of microspheres, which includes interparticle adhesive effects, particle rotations, and elastic shear interactions. Second harmonic generation is a well-known phenomenon that has been studied extensively in nonlinear optics \cite{NLOptics} and acoustics \cite{NLAcoustics}. Past works have also examined SH generation in 1D discrete granular chains \cite{Cabaret2012, Sanchez-Morcillo2013} and fluid-saturated granular media \cite{BiotTheory}. Using a successive approximations approach in the manner of Refs. \cite{Cabaret2012, Sanchez-Morcillo2013}, we theoretically analyze the SH generation for cases where the fundamental frequency (FF) wave is purely longitudinal (L) or transverse-rotational (TR) in character, and find that the generated SH waves are longitudinal in both scenarios. Such shear-to-longitudinal mode conversion via SH generation has been previously studied in nonlinear elastic solids \cite{NLSolids}, observed experimentally in 3D granular packings \cite{ModeConversion}, and modeled in quasi-1D nonlinear phononic crystals \cite{GonellaPRL}. We show that the SH generated by a FF wave in the lower TR mode may resonate or vanish for particular wavelengths, but the latter phenomenon is not predicted if rotations are excluded from the model. Finally, we compare our theoretical predictions with dynamic discrete-element simulations of a microscale granular crystal. We find that the theoretical predictions are quantitatively accurate for non-resonant wavelengths, and provide qualitative understanding of the behavior at resonance. This paper extends the already rich body of work on nonlinear waves in 2- and 3D ordered granular media by exploring the interplay of multiple degrees of freedom and nonlinear particulate interactions.

	\section{Theory}

	\subsection{Model}
	\begin{figure}[h]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{Hex_2D_SHG_Schematic_v3}
		\caption{(a) Schematic of the model of a 2D, hexagonally close-packed granular membrane. The black arrow indicates the direction of wave propagation. (b-d) Illustrations of longitudinal, shear, and rotational motions activating normal and shear nonlinear contact springs.}
		\label{Fig1}
	\end{figure}

	We consider a 2D, hexagonally close-packed lattice of spheres, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig1}(a). The interactions between spheres follow the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) adhesion model \cite{DMT1983, Israelachvili}, which includes Hertzian normal contact forces \cite{Hertz,Johnson}, and a static adhesive force $ F_{DMT} = 2 \pi w R_c  $ due to van der Waals interactions, where $ w $ is the work of adhesion \cite{Israelachvili}, $R_c=R/2$ is the effective radius for two spheres in contact, and $R$ is the microsphere radius. To describe the shear contact interactions, we use the Hertz-Mindlin model \cite{Johnson,Mindlin}, assuming no slip occurs in the contact surface. Because the characteristic sound speeds of waves in the lattice are much slower than those of the bulk material of the spheres, we treat the spheres as rigid bodies with radius $ R $, mass $ m $, and moment of inertia $ I = (2/5) m R^2 $, interacting via nonlinear spring elements \cite{NesterenkoBook}. In terms of the displacements $ u_{j,k} $, $ v_{j,k} $, and $ \theta_{j,k} $, which represent horizontal, vertical, and angular displacements from equilibrium, respectively, the equations of motion of the sphere with index $ (j,k) $ are given by

	\begin{eqnarray}
	m \ddot{u}_{j,k} &=& f_N(\bar{\delta}_2) - f_N(\bar{\delta}_5) + \frac{1}{2} (f_N(\bar{\delta}_1) - f_N(\bar{\delta}_4) + f_N(\bar{\delta}_3) - f_N(\bar{\delta}_6))  \nonumber \\ &+& \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}(f_S(\bar{\delta}_3) - f_S(\bar{\delta}_6) - f_S(\bar{\delta}_1) + f_S(\bar{\delta}_4)) \label{eq: equ} \\
	m \ddot{v}_{j,k} &=& f_S(\bar{\delta}_2) - f_S(\bar{\delta}_5) + \frac{1}{2} (f_S(\bar{\delta}_1) - f_S(\bar{\delta}_4) + f_S(\bar{\delta}_3) - f_S(\bar{\delta}_6))  \nonumber \\
	&+& \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}(f_N(\bar{\delta}_1) - f_N(\bar{\delta}_4) - f_N(\bar{\delta}_3) + f_N(\bar{\delta}_6)) \label{eq: eqv}\\
	I \ddot{\theta}_{j,k} &=& R \sum_l f_S(\bar{\delta}_l),  \label{eq: eqphi}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\noindent
	where $ \bar{\delta}_l  = (\delta_{l,N}, \delta_{l,S})$ is the vector of relative normal and tangential displacements between particles labeled $ l $ and $ 0 $, as is defined in the Appendix. The normal spring force (positive away from particle $ 0 $)  and shear spring force (positive when inducing a counter-clockwise moment about particle $ 0 $) are given by

	\begin{eqnarray}
	f_N(\bar{\delta}_l) &=& -\frac{4}{3} E^*R_c^{1/2}\left[\Delta_0 - \delta_{l,N}\right]_+^{3/2} \label{springN}\\
	f_S(\bar{\delta}_l) &=& 8 G^* R_c^{1/2} \delta_{l,S} \left[\Delta_0 - \delta_{l,N}\right]_+^{1/2}, \label{springS}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\noindent
	respectively. Here, $ \Delta_0 = [3 F_{DMT}/(4 E^* R_c^{1/2})]^{2/3} $ is the static overlap due to adhesion, and $ E^* = E/(2(1-\nu^2)) $  and $ G^* = G/(2(2-\nu)) $ are the effective elastic and shear moduli, respectively, of a solid with elastic modulus $ E $, shear modulus $ G $, and Poisson's ratio $ \nu $. As shown in Fig. \ref{Fig1}(b-d), the normal springs are activated by axial sphere displacements, while the shear springs can be activated by both transverse displacements and rotations.

	We expand the nonlinear spring forces (\ref{springN}) and (\ref{springS}) in Taylor series up to quadratic order as

	\begin{eqnarray}
	f_N(\bar{\delta}_l)  &\simeq& -A\Delta_0^{3/2} +  \frac{3}{2} A \Delta_0^{1/2} \delta_{l,N} - \frac{3}{8} A \Delta_0^{-1/2} \delta_{l,N}^2 + \mathcal{O}(\delta_{l,N}^3)\\
	f_S(\bar{\delta}_l) &\simeq& B \Delta_0^{1/2} \delta_{l,S} - \frac{1}{2} B \Delta_0^{-1/2} \delta_{l,S} \delta_{l,N} + \mathcal{O}(\delta_{l,S} \delta_{l,N}^2),
	\end{eqnarray}

	\noindent
	where $ A = (4/3) E^* R_c^{1/2} $ and $ B = 8 G^* R_c^{1/2} $. We name the linear and quadratic stiffnesses $ k_1 = (3/2) A \Delta_0^{1/2} $, $ g_1 =  B \Delta_0^{1/2} $, $ k_2 =  -(3/8) A \Delta_0^{-1/2}$, and $ g_2 =  -(1/2) B \Delta_0^{-1/2}$, and define the nonlinearity parameter $ \epsilon = (3/2) D_0 (g_2 + 3 k_2)/(g1 + 3 k_1) $.

	We restrict our analysis to plane waves traveling in the positive $ y $ direction; hence, the equations of motion take the form of an effective 1D lattice with three degrees of freedom, and we adopt the single index $ n $. We also transform the system to dimensionless variables $ p = v/D_0 $, $ q = -u/D_0 $, $ \phi = R \theta /D_0 $, and $ \tau = t/(\sqrt{2m/(g_1+3 k_1)}) $, where $ D_0 $ is a characteristic displacement amplitude. Finally, the equations of motion are reduced to a simpler form, which is valid for small nonlinearity ($ \epsilon << 1 $):

	\begin{eqnarray}
	p^{''}_n &= & \frac{1}{4} \nabla_n^2 p + \epsilon [\frac{1}{8}(\nabla_n^2 p) (\nabla_n p) - \frac{1}{6} \alpha (\nabla_n^2 q) (\nabla_n q)  \nonumber\\
	&+& \frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}} \beta (\phi_n \nabla_n^2 q - q_n \nabla_n^+ \phi + \nabla_n^+(q\phi))]
	\label{eqp}\\
	q^{''}_n &= & \frac{\mu_1}{4} \nabla_n^2 q - \frac{\sqrt{3}\mu_2}{2} \nabla_n \phi - \frac{\epsilon}{4}[\gamma (p_n \nabla_n q + q_n \nabla_n p - \nabla_n(qp))  \nonumber\\
	&+& \sqrt{3} \beta (-p_n \nabla_n^{2,+} \phi + \phi_n \nabla_n^+ p + \nabla_n^+ (\phi p))]
	\label{eqq}\\
	\phi^{''}_n &= & \frac{\mu_2}{2 \tilde{I}} [-2(\nabla_n^{2,+} \phi + 2 \phi_n) + \sqrt{3} \nabla_n q]   \nonumber\\
	&+& \epsilon \frac{\beta}{2 \tilde{I}}  [\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} (-q_n \nabla_n^2 p - p_n \nabla_n^+ q + \nabla_n^+(qp)) + (p_n \nabla_n \phi - \phi_n \nabla_n p - \nabla_n(\phi p))],
	\label{eqr}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\noindent
	where the $ (\cdotp)'' $ notation denotes the second derivative with respect to $ \tau $, the parameters $ \mu_1 = (3 g_1 + k_1)/(g_1 + 3 k_1) $, $  \mu_2 = g_1/(g_1 + 3 k_1)$, $ \alpha =  (g_2 - k_2)/(g_2 + 3 k_2)$, $ \beta = g_2/(g_2 + 3 k_2)  $, $ \gamma =  (g_2 + k_2)/(g_2 + 3 k_2) $, and $ \tilde{I} =  I / (m R^2) $, and the difference operators $ \nabla_n (\cdotp) = (\cdotp)_{i+1} - (\cdotp)_{i-1}  $, $ \nabla_n^2 (\cdotp) = (\cdotp)_{i+1} - 2 (\cdotp)_n + (\cdotp)_{i-1} $, $ \nabla_n^+ (\cdotp) =  (\cdotp)_{i+1} + (\cdotp)_{i-1}$, and $ \nabla_n^{2,+} (\cdotp) =  (\cdotp)_{i+1} + 2 (\cdotp)_n + (\cdotp)_{i-1}$. We note that the rescaled variables $ p_n $ and $ q_n $ represent displacements parallel and transverse to the direction of propagation, respectively.

	In all numerical results that follow, we use, as a case study, the geometric and material properties of $1$ $ \mu \mathrm{m} $ silica spheres: elastic constants \(E =\) $73$ GPa and \(\nu =\) $0.17$ \cite{GlassProp}, and work of adhesion \(w =\) $0.063$ J/m\textsuperscript{2} \cite{Israelachvili}.

	\subsection{Quasi-linear Regime}

	In the limit of vanishing amplitude, the dynamics are linear, and the medium behaves as the 2D hexagonal lattice studied in \cite{Suiker2001}. Using Eqs. (\ref{eqp}) - (\ref{eqr}) with $ \epsilon = 0 $, we derive the dispersion relation, and find three modes, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig2}(a): one that involves only longitudinal motion, and two involving coupled transverse and rotational motions \cite{Suiker2001, ZGVMembrane}. The dispersion equations are:

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\Omega &=& \sin{\left(\frac{\xi}{2}\right)} \label{Ldisp}\\
	\det{(M)} &=& 0 \label{TRdisp},
	\end{eqnarray}
	\noindent
	where $ \xi $ and $ \Omega $ are the dimensionless wave number and angular frequency (normalized to the lattice spacing in the $ y $ direction and longitudinal mode cutoff frequency \cite{BrillouinBook}, respectively), and the transverse-rotational dispersion matrix $ M $ is given by

	\begin{equation}
	M  = \left[ \begin{array}{cc}
	\frac{\mu_1}{2} [1-\cos(\xi)] - \Omega^2 & \sqrt{3} i \mu_2 \sin(\xi)\\
	-\sqrt{3} i \mu_2 \sin(\xi) & 2\mu_2 [2 + \cos(\xi)] - \tilde{I} \Omega^2
	\end{array}\right].
	\end{equation}

	Following conventions used in previous works \cite{Linear3DTheory, Linear3DExp}, we denote the longitudinal mode ``L,'' and the lower and upper transverse-rotational modes as ``TR'' and ``RT,'' respectively, where the first letter corresponds to the predominant displacement of each mode. While models for 3D hexagonally close-packed granular crystals \cite{Linear3DTheory}, which include shear interactions and particle rotations, predict faster wave speeds, due to additional interparticle coupling terms, and additional plane wave modes due to periodically alternating layers (including purely rotational modes), we suggest that our model may also be utilized to gain qualitative understanding of certain 3D scenarios. This is due to the similarity of acoustic-type L and TR modes, as well as one of the optical-type RT modes, present in both 2D and 3D systems.

	\begin{figure}[h]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{Hex_2D_SHG_Disp_v3}
		\caption{(a) Dispersion of plane waves traveling in the direction indicated in Fig. 1(a). Longitudinal (black), TR (blue), and RT (red) modes are denoted by the solid lines. The blue dashed curve is a frequency- and wave number-doubled representation of the TR mode, which is shown to intersect with the L mode. The black dash-dotted curve defines the antiresonance condition, wherein its intersection with the TR branch denotes the antiresonance frequency and wavenumber.  (b,c) Amplitudes of second harmonic longitudinal waves (black solid curves) generated from fundamental waves in the RT and TR modes, respectively. Blue and red dashed curves show the transverse and rotational displacements, normalized such that the sum of squares is unity. The longitudinal amplitudes are normalized by the small parameter $ \epsilon $.}
		\label{Fig2}
	\end{figure}

	\subsection{Weakly-nonlinear Regime: Second Harmonic Generation and Nonlinear Mode Conversion}
	For $ | \epsilon | << 1 $, the nonlinear response can be predicted using a successive-approximations approach, in the manner of Refs. \cite{Cabaret2012, Sanchez-Morcillo2013}. Using this approach, we represent the displacements as power series in $ \epsilon $:

	\begin{eqnarray}
	p_n(\tau) &=& P_{0,n}(\tau) + \epsilon P_{1,n}(\tau) +  \epsilon^2 P_{2,n}(\tau) + \dots \label{pseries}\\
	q_n(\tau) &=& Q_{0,n}(\tau) + \epsilon Q_{1,n}(\tau) +  \epsilon^2 Q_{2,n}(\tau) + \dots \label{qseries}\\
	\phi_n(\tau) &= &\Phi_{0,n}(\tau) + \epsilon \Phi_{1,n}(\tau) +  \epsilon^2 \Phi_{2,n}(\tau) + \dots \label{rseries},
	\end{eqnarray}
	\noindent
	and explore second harmonic generation in the granular medium, separately considering the cases of TR/RT and L modes as FF waves. While previous works employing this approach have focused on finite-length and semi-infinite lattices \cite{Cabaret2012, Sanchez-Morcillo2013} with a harmonic boundary condition, we consider an infinite lattice, and use a single plane wave of infinite extent that travels in the positive-$ n $ direction as the initial condition; that is,

	\begin{eqnarray}
	p_n(0) &=& P_{0,n}(0) = \tilde{P}_0e^{i(\xi n)}, \label{IC}\\
	p'_n(0) &=& P'_{0,n}(0) = -i\Omega \tilde{P}_0e^{i(\xi n)}, \label{ICprime}
	\end{eqnarray}

	\noindent
	where $\tilde{P}_0$ is a constant amplitude, with similar expressions for the other displacements. Thus, the second harmonic response is a function of wave number. This configuration closely resembles the conditions of several recent microgranular experiments \cite{MicrogranularLaser} that utilize the laser-induced transient grating spectroscopy technique \cite{TG}, which excite waves with specific, defined wavelengths via the projection of a spatially periodic optical interference pattern.

	We note that, for the expansions (\ref{pseries}) - (\ref{rseries}) to be valid, each function $ P_0$, $P_1 $, etc. should be of order $ \mathcal{O}(1) $; this imposes limits on the range of wave numbers for which the analysis is valid, as will be discussed later.

	\subsubsection{TR and RT Modes as Fundamental Waves}

	We first consider TR and RT modes as FF waves, i.e.

	\begin{eqnarray}
	p_n(0) &=& p'_n(0) = 0  \label{ICpTR} \\
	q_n(0) &=& Q_{0,n}(0) = \tilde{Q}_0e^{i(\xi n - \Omega \tau)}\rvert_{\tau = 0},  q'_n(0) = -i \Omega q_n(0) \label{ICqTR} \\
	\phi_n(0) &=& \Phi_{0,n}(0) = \tilde{\Phi}_0e^{i(\xi n - \Omega \tau)}\rvert_{\tau = 0}, \phi'_n(0) = -i \Omega \phi_n(0). \label{ICrTR}
	\end{eqnarray}
	\\
	\noindent
	We proceed by substituting the power series (\ref{pseries}) - (\ref{rseries}) into Eqs. (\ref{eqp}) - (\ref{eqr}).  At order $ \mathcal{O}(\epsilon^0) $, we find that $ P_{0,n} $, $ Q_{0,n} $, and $ \Phi_{0,n} $ must be plane waves satisfying the linear dispersion equations (\ref{Ldisp}) and (\ref{TRdisp}). To satisfy the initial condition (\ref{ICpTR}), it follows that $ P_{0,n}(\tau) = 0 $. Furthermore, the ratio of amplitudes of the $ Q_{0,n} $ and $ \Phi_{0,n} $ plane waves is constrained; in particular, a vector composed of these two amplitudes must be an eigenvector of the dispersion matrix $ M $ corresponding to the eigenvalues $ \xi $ and $ \Omega $. Because we have chosen a plane wave in the TR or RT mode as the initial condition, this constraint is trivially satisfied.

	At order $ \mathcal{O}(\epsilon^1) $, we find

	\begin{eqnarray}
	P''_{1,n} -  \frac{1}{4} (P_{1,n+1} - 2 P_{1,n} + P_{1,n-1}) &=& \frac{1}{8}(\nabla_n^2 P_0) (\nabla_n P_0) - \frac{1}{6} \alpha (\nabla_n^2 Q_0) (\nabla_n Q_0)   \nonumber\\
	&+& \frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}} \beta (\Phi_{0,n} \nabla_n^2 Q_0 - Q_{0,n} \nabla_n^+ \Phi_0 + \nabla_n^+(Q_0 \Phi_0))  \label{eqP1TR}\\
	Q''_{1,n}  -  \frac{\mu_1}{4} \nabla_n^2 Q_1 +  \frac{\sqrt{3} \mu_2}{2} \nabla_n \Phi_1 &=& - \frac{1}{4}[\gamma (P_{0,n} \nabla_n Q_0 + Q_{0,n} \nabla_n P_0 - \nabla_n (Q_0 P_0))  \nonumber\\
	&+& \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \beta (-P_{0,n} \nabla_n^{2,+} \Phi_0 + \Phi_{0,n} \nabla_n^+ P_0 + \nabla_n^+ (\Phi_0 P_0))] \label{eqQ1TR}\\
	\Phi''_{1,n} - \frac{\mu_2}{2 \tilde{I}} [-2(\nabla_n^{2,+}\Phi_1 + 2 \Phi_{1,n}) + \sqrt{3} \nabla_n Q_1]&= & \frac{\beta}{2 \tilde{I}}  [\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} (-Q_{0,n}\nabla_n^2 P_0 - P_{0,n} \nabla_n^+ Q_0 + \nabla_n^+(Q_0 P_0))  \nonumber\\
	&+& (P_{0,n} \nabla_n \Phi_0 - \Phi_{0,n} \nabla_n P_0 - \nabla_n(\Phi_0 P_0))]. \label{eqR1TR}
	\end{eqnarray}
	\\
	\noindent
	Since $ P_{0,n} = 0 $, the right-hand side of Eq. (\ref{eqP1TR}) is composed of quadratic products of $ Q_{0,n} $ and $ \Phi_{0,n} $, while the right-hand sides of Eqs. (\ref{eqQ1TR}) and (\ref{eqR1TR}) vanish. Thus, the second harmonics at order $ \mathcal{O}(\epsilon^1) $ generated by fundamental plane waves in the TR and RT modes are purely longitudinal in character.  Furthermore, from the initial conditions (\ref{ICqTR}) and (\ref{ICrTR}), it follows that $ Q_{1,n}(\tau)  = \Phi_{1,n}(\tau) = 0$.

	We derive an expression for $ P_{1,n}(\tau)  $ by seeking a solution of the form

	\begin{equation}
	P_{1,n}(\tau) = \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(+)} e^{i (2\xi n - \Omega(2\xi) \tau)} + \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(-)} e^{i (2\xi n + \Omega(2\xi) \tau)} + \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(TR)} e^{i (2\xi n - 2 \Omega \tau)}, \label{ansatzPTR}
	\end{equation}

	\noindent
	where $ \Omega(2 \xi) $ is found using Eq. (\ref{Ldisp}). The first two terms of ansatz (\ref{ansatzPTR}) are the homogeneous part of the solution, with the $ (+) $ and $ (-) $ superscripts corresponding to positive- and negative-$ n $ traveling waves, respectively. The third term is generated by the FF wave terms on the right-hand side of Eq. (\ref{eqP1TR}), and the superscript $ (TR) $ signifies that the generating FF wave is in either transverse-rotational mode. To derive an expression for the amplitude of the generated SH wave, we substitute into Eq. (\ref{eqP1TR}) the expressions $ P_{1,n} = \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(TR)} e^{i (2\xi n - 2 \Omega \tau)}$, $ Q_{0,n} = \tilde{Q}_0e^{i(\xi n - \Omega \tau)}$ and $ \Phi_{0,n} = \tilde{\Phi}_0e^{i(\xi n - \Omega \tau)} $, and adopt the convention that the FF amplitudes $ \tilde{Q}_0 $ and $ \tilde{\Phi}_0 $ have been normalized, such that the sum of their squares is unity. After simplification, we find an expression for the amplitude of the longitudinal SH wave that depends on the amplitudes of the transverse-rotational FF waves, as well as the wave number:

	\begin{equation}
	\tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(TR)}(\xi) = \frac{\frac{4}{3} \sin(\xi)  \tilde{Q}_0 \left[ -\frac{\beta}{\sqrt{3}} \sin(\xi) \tilde{\Phi}_0 + i \alpha \sin^2(\xi/2) \tilde{Q}_0 \right]}{\sin^2(\xi) - (2\Omega)^2}, \label{P1TR}
	\end{equation}

	\noindent
	where the ratio $ \tilde{Q}_0 / \tilde{\Phi}_0 $ is a function of $ \xi $. This expression is applicable for FF waves in both the TR and RT modes, and is plotted for each case in Fig. \ref{Fig2}(b-c).

	In Fig. \ref{Fig2}(c), we observe a resonance near $ \xi \simeq \pi/2 $; this arises because the generated SH wave of the TR mode (i.e. the third term of (\ref{ansatzPTR})) has a wave number and frequency that intersect the L branch, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig2}(a). Since the value of $ \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(TR)} $ near the resonance is larger than $ \mathcal{O}(1) $, the expansion (\ref{pseries}) is no longer valid, as the generated harmonics would grow to the same order of magnitude as the FF wave. The wave number at which this resonance occurs depends on the mass and stiffness properties of the lattice, but the resonance must exist in our model, because the generated SH wave will always possess an intersection with the L mode, though it may occur outside the first Brillouin zone. In the limiting case of infinitely large rotational inertia or vanishing shear contact stiffness (i.e. neglecting rotations or shear interactions), the resonance still exists, albeit at a different wave number.

	We also note the presence of an antiresonance in Fig. \ref{Fig2}(c); this implies that the quadratic nonlinearities vanish at order $ \mathcal{O}(\epsilon^1) $, for a particular wavelength. Near the antiresonance, the harmonics generated by higher-order nonlinearities can be of the same order of magnitude as the SH waves; thus, these nonlinearities would need to be included in the equations of motion (\ref{eqp}) - (\ref{eqr}), and additional terms of the expansions (\ref{pseries}) - (\ref{rseries}) should be included, to obtain accurate results. The wave number of this antiresonance is dependent on mass and stiffness properties, but is not guaranteed to exist for arbitrary parameter values; indeed, the numerator of Eq. (\ref{P1TR}) is not guaranteed to vanish, except for values of $ \xi $ that are integer multiples of $ \pi $ (corresponding to the edges of the Brillouin zones). We note that the antiresonance cannot exist in the limit of infinitely large rotational inertia, i.e. $ \tilde{\Phi}_0 = 0 $; this underscores the importance of particle rotations in our model.

	Considering finite rotational inertia, we derive a condition on the wave number $ \xi $ and frequency $ \omega $ that must be satisfied at the antiresonance. The dispersion relation (\ref{TRdisp}) is a solvability condition of the matrix equation

	\begin{equation}
	M \left[ \begin{array}{c}
	\tilde{Q}_0 \\
	\tilde{\Phi}_0
	\end{array} \right]
	= \left[ \begin{array}{c}
	0\\
	0\end{array} \right].
	\end{equation}

	\noindent
	Thus, by manipulating either of the two scalar equations in this system, the ratio $ \tilde{\Phi}_0 / \tilde{Q}_0$ can be written in terms of $ \xi $, $ \Omega $, and lattice stiffness and mass parameters. We find

	\begin{equation}
	\frac{\tilde{\Phi}_0}{\tilde{Q}_0} = - \frac{\mu_1 (1-\cos{(\xi)}) - \Omega^2}{2 \sqrt{3} i \mu_2 \sin{(\xi)}}. \label{PhiQratio}
	\end{equation}

	\noindent
	By substituting Eq. (\ref{PhiQratio}) into the bracketed term in the numerator of (\ref{P1TR}), equating this expression to zero, and rearranging, we derive the expression

	\begin{equation}
	\Omega = \sin{\left(\frac{\xi}{2}\right)}\sqrt{\mu_1 - 3 \mu_2\frac{\alpha}{\beta}}, \label{AntiRes}
	\end{equation}

	\noindent
	which defines a condition for the antiresonance. Thus, if the TR dispersion branch intersects the curve defined by Eq. (\ref{AntiRes}), the antiresonance exists at the corresponding wave number and frequency, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig2}(a). Furthermore, when the Hertz-Mindlin contact model is assumed, the stiffness parameters contained in (\ref{AntiRes}) are all related by Poisson's ratio $ \nu $ \cite{Johnson}. By manipulating (\ref{TRdisp}) and (\ref{AntiRes}), it is straightforward to show that the TR mode has a higher cutoff frequency at $ \xi = \pi $ than the curve defined by (\ref{AntiRes}), but has a lesser slope at the origin. It follows that the intersection is guaranteed to exist for physically realizable materials (i.e. $ -1 \leq \nu \leq 0.5) $.

	Enforcing the initial conditions (\ref{IC}) and (\ref{ICprime}), which imply that $ P_{1,n}(0) = P'_{1,n}(0) = 0 $, we derive the amplitudes of the homogeneous terms as a function of the generated second harmonic amplitude:

	\begin{eqnarray}
	\tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(+)} &=& -\frac{\Omega(2\xi) + 2 \Omega}{2 \Omega(2\xi)}  \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(TR)} \label{Pplus}\\
	\tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(-)} &=& -\frac{\Omega(2\xi) - 2 \Omega}{2 \Omega(2\xi)}  \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(TR)}. \label{Pminus}
	\end{eqnarray}

	We note that, for an experimental setup, the FF wave would contain components traveling in both the positive and negative directions. In a region where these two components interact, two additional longitudinal SH waves would be present: a negative-$ n $ traveling wave analogous to the third term of (\ref{ansatzPTR}), which also has the same dependence on $ \xi $, and a standing wave with wave number $ 2\xi $ and vanishing frequency, which arises due to the interaction between FF waves.

	\subsubsection{L Mode as Fundamental Wave}

	We now conduct a similar analysis using a plane wave in the L mode as the FF wave, i.e.

	\begin{eqnarray}
	p_n(0) &=& P_{0,n}(0) = \tilde{P}_0e^{i(\xi n - \Omega \tau)}\rvert_{\tau = 0}, p'_n(0) = -i\Omega p_n(0) \\
	q_n(0) &=& \phi_n(0) = 0\\
	q'_n(0) &=& \phi'_n(0) = 0.
	\end{eqnarray}
	\noindent
	By inspecting the quadratic terms in Eqs. (\ref{eqq}) - (\ref{eqr}), we observe that no motion in the transverse and rotational displacements can be generated via nonlinearity, because these terms are all products containing $ q_n $ and $ \phi_n $. Thus, the remaining equation of motion (\ref{eqp}) reduces to a form that is mathematically equivalent to that in \cite{Sanchez-Morcillo2013}, while the boundary conditions differ.

	After substituting the power series of (\ref{pseries}) into (\ref{eqp}), we equate the coefficients of order $ \mathcal{O}(\epsilon^0) $, seek solutions of the form $ P_{0,n}(\tau) = \tilde{P}_0e^{i(\xi n - \Omega \tau)} $, and find that $ P_{0,n}(\tau) $ satisfies (\ref{Ldisp}), the dispersion relation for L modes. At order $ \mathcal{O}(\epsilon^1) $, we find

	\begin{equation}
	P''_{1,n} -  \frac{1}{4} (P_{1,n+1} - 2 P_{1,n} + P_{1,n-1}) = \frac{1}{8}(P_{0,n+1} - 2 P_{0,n} + P_{0,n-1}) (P_{0,n+1} - P_{0,n-1}). \label{eqP1}
	\end{equation}

	\noindent
	This is a linear equation for $ P_{1,n} $ with a generation term that is quadratic in $ P_{0,n} $. Thus, we seek a solution as the sum of homogeneous and generated second harmonic waves in the form

	\begin{equation}
	P_{1,n}(\tau) = \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(+)} e^{i (2\xi n - \Omega(2\xi) \tau)} + \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(-)} e^{i (2\xi n + \Omega(2\xi) \tau)} + \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(L)} e^{i (2\xi n - 2 \Omega \tau)}, \label{ansatzP}
	\end{equation}

	\noindent
	where each term is analogous to the corresponding term in Eq. (\ref{ansatzPTR}). Here, the superscript $ (L) $ signifies that the generating FF wave belongs to the longitudinal mode. The amplitude of the generated term $ \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(L)} $, which is analogous to Eq. (\ref{P1TR}), can be derived as in \cite{Sanchez-Morcillo2013}, where a detailed analysis has been performed. While the system considered in \cite{Sanchez-Morcillo2013} is 1D and clearly not identical to our own, the calculation of $ \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(L)} $ is mathematically equivalent.

	Because this solution must satisfy the initial conditions (\ref{IC}) and (\ref{ICprime}), the amplitudes of the homogeneous terms may by derived in the same way as for transverse-rotational FF waves, and appear in the same form as (\ref{Pplus}) and (\ref{Pminus}), with the exception that the superscript $ (TR) $ must be replaced by $ (L) $.

	\section{Simulations}

	\subsection{Numerical Setup}

	To examine the validity of our theoretical analysis with a complete Hertzian nonlinearity, we simulate second harmonic generation from an FF wave in the TR mode by numerically solving the equations of motion (\ref{eq: equ}) - (\ref{eq: eqphi}) for $ 1 < n < 201 $. We use initial conditions of the form (\ref{ICqTR}) - (\ref{ICrTR}), with fixed boundaries.  For each case, we probe the response of the central lattice site ($ n = 101 $), and end the simulation before disturbances caused by the boundaries reach this site. We present the results in terms of the normalized variables $ p_{101}(\tau) $, $ q_{101}(\tau) $, and $ \phi_{101}(\tau) $.

	\subsection{Numerical Results}

	\begin{figure}[h]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Hex_2D_SHG_Sim_v3.pdf}
		\caption{(a-c) Transverse and rotational displacements for $  \xi_1 = 0.80 $, $ \xi_2 = 1.475 $, and  $  \xi_3 = 2.127 $. Black and blue solid lines correspond to simulated transverse and rotational displacements, while red dashed and magenta dash-dotted lines show the corresponding theoretical predictions. (d-f) Simulated (black solid) and theoretical (red dashed) curves showing longitudinal displacements for the wave numbers of (a-c).}
		\label{Fig3}
	\end{figure}

	As shown in Fig. (\ref{Fig3}), we simulate the lattice using three wave numbers, each representing a qualitatively different case: 1) $ \xi_1 = 0.802 $, which is far from the resonance and antiresonance; 2) $ \xi_2 = 1.475 $, which is approximately the resonant wave number; and 3) $ \xi_3 =  2.127 $, which is approximately the antiresonant wave number. We have chosen the characteristic amplitude $ D_0 = 0.2 \Delta_0 $, which results in the nonlinearity parameter $ \epsilon_{sim} \approx -0.1 $.

	For case 1), the perturbation analysis is valid (note from Fig. \ref{Fig2}(c) that $ \tilde{P}_{1,n}^{(TR)} \simeq \mathcal{O}(1) $), and the simulated time histories are well-approximated by the theoretical predictions, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig3}(a,d). In Fig. \ref{Fig3}(d), it can be seen that the SH amplitude exhibits ``beating'' at a frequency $ \Omega_{beat} = \Omega(2\xi) - 2\Omega $; this phenomenon is a well-known characteristic of SH generation \cite{NLOptics, Sanchez-Morcillo2013}. For case 2), the oscillations of $ p_{101} $ grow linearly in $ \tau $, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig3}(e). While the theoretical prediction for $ p_{101} $ appears to match the simulation reasonably well, it is evident from Fig. \ref{Fig3}(b) that there is significant error in $ q_{101} $ and $ \phi_{101} $; in fact, the second harmonic is visibly present in the simulated signals. This is because, while the approximation works well for small $ \tau $, the generated SH longitudinal wave eventually reaches the same order of magnitude as the FF wave, thereby violating the assumption of weak nonlinearity. For case 3), the predictions for $ q_{101} $ and $ \phi_{101} $ are accurate, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig3}(b). However, as shown in Fig. \ref{Fig3}(f), there is large error in $ p_{101} $, the generated longitudinal wave. This is because the harmonics generated by higher-order nonlinearities are larger than those coming from order $ \mathcal{O}(\epsilon^1 ) $; such harmonics are clearly visible in the simulated signal.

	\section{Conclusion}

	In this work, we have analyzed shear to longitudinal mode conversion via SH generation for plane waves in a 2D, adhesive, hexagonally close-packed microscale granular crystal, accounting for translational and rotational degrees of freedom, as well as normal and shear contact interactions. In the case of a FF wave in the L mode, we show that the generated SH is also longitudinal, and can be described using the same equations as for a 1D chain studied in earlier works. For the case where the lowest TR mode is treated as the FF wave, the generated SH wave is longitudinal, and an analytical expression for the SH amplitude reveals the presence of resonant and antiresonant wave numbers. This antiresonance is not predicted if rotations are excluded from the model, which demonstrates that, while the TR mode is predominantly transverse for most wavelengths, particle rotations produce a qualitative change in the nonlinear lattice dynamics. By simulating a lattice with DMT and Hertz-Mindlin particle interactions, we verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis for a non-resonant case, and find that it effectively predicts the qualitative behavior of the resonant and antiresonant cases.  Future generalizations of this work to off-symmetry directions of propagation and extension to strongly nonlinear dynamical regimes may yield particularly interesting phenomena. This work is particularly suitable for the analysis of both microscale granular crystals, which are naturally precompressed by adhesive forces, and statically compressed granular crystals with macroscale particles. We expect that future studies of such 2- and 3D granular media will yield unique dynamics stemming from the interplay of interparticle shear coupling and particle rotations with highly nonlinear phenomena such as solitary waves \cite{NesterenkoBook} or hysteretic contact mechanics \cite{Tawfick}.

	\section{Acknowledgments}
	This work was supported by the Army Research Office through grant no. W911NF-15-1-0030.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Jun 17, 2018. 4 Excellent Tips To Find The Right Auto Insurance Plan For New Drivers. New drivers are hard to insure because they are not always aware.
Dec 29, 2017. When you lend your car to someone, you are essentially loaning your Florida car insurance policy. Does your Florida auto insurance follow the.
Driver. insurance is a concern, and a similar proportion feel that about people driving without tax or insurance, although.
Liability insurance covers your legal. The Department of Revenue will be notified that you do NOT have insurance on your vehicle or the vehicle you drive if you are in an.
However, if you plan on not driving your car for a while, consider car insurance for low-mileage drivers. Essentially, a device is implanted in your vehicle that tracks your driving behavior in order to give the insurance companies a more accurate representation of.
I drive the same car every day to school, it is under my dads name, and it is on his insurance. My question is, is it legal to drive the car even though I, myself, isn't on the insurance, or have any auto insurance.
The most recent data from the Insurance Research Council (IRC) estimates that approximately a little over 14% of the driving population is uninsured. The IRC is a purely independent, nonprofit organization committed to providing educational and academic classes, professional certifications, and insightful research work for the property-casualty insurance business.
Moving to B.C. You have 30 days* to register, license and insure your vehicle after arriving in B.C. You have 90 days to switch to a B.C. driver's licence. *Commercial vehicles must be registered/licensed/insured immediately.
Learn about the two kinds of car insurance the law says you must have. medical expenses that are not covered by another plan, and maybe even for the pain.
John Hancock Insurance. car insurance and other insurance. While some insurers such as Progressive offer behavior-based pr.
Jun 14, 2017. Liability coverage does not always follow the driver. In fact, the car owner's policy is the most common insurance policy to pay out when a driver.
But one thing about knowledge is that it is better to have it, and not need it… than it is to need it and not have it. So, he.
If the at-fault driver carries liability insurance with a policy limit of $10,000, the at-fault driver is underinsured. In a situation like this, you would need to make an.
A named driver is a someone who is insured to drive a vehicle in which another person does most of the driving. When driving that vehicle, the named driver will have the same level of cover as the main driver.
We can handle all of your chauffeur services. Drive4Me makes the time you spend in your car more enjoyable and productive for those on that are on the constant go. Drive4Me provides customers with certified and insured chauffeurs who drive for you in YOUR vehicle.By renting a personal chauffeur from Drive4Me – Chauffeur Service could save you money from renting a limousine or even a town car.
Auto Insurance can protect you from the financial costs of an accident or injury. If the other driver has no insurance, you collect on your UNIN-. SURED benefits.
Jul 12, 2007 · As the owner of the car, you purchase insurance for it and for yourself as the owner/operator. Anyone you let drive your car would be covered unless your policy specifically excludes them or limits the policy to only certain scheduled drivers.
Many vans offer three seats in the front, but not four. with cheap insurance, see: vans.honestjohn.co.uk/insurance/top-10s/top-10-cre./ A colleague has to tow a 1300kg trailer as part of his work.
Insurance, transfer and certification costs. Request the buyer to inspect the car in front of you and do not allow the buy.
Do you want to drive the same car, truck. you won't be required to show your auto dealer that you check your car in for a.
An owner may not operate a vehicle in Kentucky until insurance has been obtained. An owner who fails to maintain insurance on his vehicle shall have his.
Almost every state requires that you buy car insurance if you own a car. New Hampshire is one of the few states that does not. Instead, New Hampshire drivers.
The theory behind Toyota's study (the full contents of which will be released in October) is that in a conventional car, at l.
A person who is not the primary or principal driver of the insured vehicle is an occasional driver. Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Coverage PIP is a coverage in which the auto insurance company pays, within the specified limits, the medical, hospital and funeral expenses of the insured person, people in the insured vehicle and pedestrians.
We'd also recommend printing off a copy of your insurance documents and any other relevant information. exemptions differs from member state to member state but this will not cause a problem…at lea.


Piercing a blister: Sometimes piercing the blister, in a sterile way (see Treating Blisters), is all you need to do for blister treatment. Usually, a pierced blister will dry up overnight.
Super Glue: Some hikers, runners and walkers have used Super Glue with great success to prevent or treat blisters. (Check out this recent blog entry on the Super Glue website: "Top Reasons to Take Super Glue Hiking With You.") This form of blister treatment requires Super Glue, a needle, and a lighter or alcohol (to sterilize the needle). Pierce the blister with a sterilized needle (see Treating Blisters), then squeeze Super Glue onto the pierced area. It will sting, but that goes away quickly. Other similar, sterile, products that have the same effectiveness include Liquid Skin Bandage and Skin Shield Liquid Bandage.
Lubricants: If the blister is small, simply applying a lubricant may be enough to reduce friction on and around the blister. Vaseline may work if you plan to continue only a short distance, but for long-distance runners, hikers and walkers, usually an anti-chafing anti-blistering product works best.
Cut a piece of moleskin just a little larger than the blister.
Cut a hole the size of the blister in the center of the moleskin. (Tip: Folding the moleskin in half makes this easier).
Adhere the moleskin to your skin making sure the blister is in the hole. Make sure the moleskin is secure so it doesn't cause further damage or blisters.


Adventure Expertise runs all levels of the NNAS (Bronze, Silver, Gold Training, Gold Assessment). The NNAS is a national award scheme that focuses on developing personal skills and performance without being competitive.
It is not a leadership award but does cover aspects of route planning, safety, emergency procedures and access legislation, rights and responsibilities. Participants receive national accreditation with a certificate from the NNAS upon successful completion.
Previous NNAS course attendees with us include teachers and leaders who either do not hold national governing body awards/are developing skills towards them (e.g. Lowland, Hill & Moorland and Mountain Leader Award) and for participants on DofE expeditions in gaining confidence and proficiency in their navigation.
The aim of all levels of the scheme is to leave you feeling more confident and competent in enjoying the countryside or upland areas that you would like to journey in.
No prior experience of navigation is necessary: however, if you have some navigation experience then you can choose to start the scheme at whichever level suits you best. Feeling unsure which level is right for you? Give us a call on 01433 651449 to have chat with one of our team or take a look at our NNAS overview here to help.
A two day course including both training and assessment, based in the Peak District.
A two day course building on the skills learnt at Bronze level (or experience that you already have - you can begin your NNAS journey directly at Silver level if you have the experience to) including both training and assessment over the two days.
A two day course that builds on both Bronze and Silver levels and aims to equip you with all the skills necessary to navigate in open, upland terrain in both good visibility, poor visibility and at night.
This course is perfect for skill development for those who are preparing for Mountain Training assessments such as the Mountain Leader or Hill & Moorland Leader Awards. You may have undertaken Bronze and Silver NNAS awards or may have experience of the skills of these two awards - either way you should have a good grounding in basic navigation skills to join this course.


text:
Exhibi
tions
Staging Film
The relation of space and image in video art
Installation View from The Busan Museum of Art Busan.
Photo: Art Reoriented
The Busan Museum of Art Busan,
Photo: Busan Museum of Art
Photo: Gallery Hyundai
Photo: Thomas Dane Gallery
Photo: Gallery Sogan & Art
Photo: Siren Eun Young Jung
Photo: Achim Kukulies
Photo: Galerie Chantal Crousel
Through 12 seminal video installations by leading figures of video art, this exhibition explores the link between films seen in traditional cinema settings, and those that are experienced as an installation within a museum space. With works that date from the early 1990s until today, the exhibition illustrates how over the past two decades video artists have been redefining the relation between the projected image and the physical space in which it is presented.
The exhibition Staging Film: the relation of space and image in video art builds on Busan's international reputation as a city of film, and its legacy as the host of one of the most important global film festivals. It seeks to explore the link between films seen in traditional cinema settings, and those that are experienced as an installation within a museum setting. Video art has stripped the fixedness of still images and traditional film collapsing their one point perspective and linear narrative. The exhibition is constructed along two main curatorial axes. The first highlights the literal act of staging through which each of the featured artists conceives and presents their videos within a distinct physical space. The second, a metaphorical one, emphasizes the process by which the artists present their subjects within the films themselves. They achieve this either directly, in referencing theater or set-design, or indirectly, in the way they consciously stage them encouraging the viewer's voyeuristic gaze.
The exhibition comprises 12 seminal video installations by some of today's most accomplished artists. The works are laid out across the space, in a non-chronological order, where each installation is presented in its own distinct environment. The videos are of varying lengths ranging from a 45-second loop to an 85-minute narrative. Each of these prominent works represent a different example of the relationship between the virtual image that the viewer encounters on the projected surface, and the physical space in which the installation is staged. With works that date from the early 1990s until today, the exhibition illustrates how over the past two decades video artists have been appropriating the vernacular of cinematic language. In subverting cinema's technical and formal characteristics, they have challenged the boundaries of the medium itself, expanding the viewer's experience of form, time and space.
Hans Op de Beeck, Anri Sala, Sarah Choo Jing, Mikhail Karikis, Hassan Khan, Moon Kyungwon & Jeon Joonho, Steve McQueen, Paul Pfeiffer, Shirin Neshat, Wu Tsang, Bill Viola, and Siren Eun Young Jung
Staging film: The relation of space and image in video art
Sam Bardaouil and Till Fellrath


To the family that took me in graciously 7 months ago when I had nowhere to go to… God bless you richly.
Matthew 25.35 For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me.
Each has a story. Some share it. Some stay silent.
I've come to love you as my family.


The International Society for Knowledge for Surgeons on Arthroscopy and Arthroplasty (ISKSAA) met for its signature event, the ISKSAA Global Summit, in Leeds last week. The event saw 400 orthopaedic surgeons from 18 countries across the world, attend Cloth Hall Court, with the aim of sharing knowledge, promoting good practice and inspiring the next generation of surgeons in arthroscopy and arthroplasty. Congratulations to Professor Hemant Pandit who was a member of the organising committee.


Since last year year, MMS has introduced Chess tournaments to its foray of sporting activities during the Sports Competitions. We received a great response from you for it last year. This year too, we hope to receive a greater response.
If both players have equal points then they get additional 10 mins to complete the game during which they have to make at least 6 moves. Points will be calculated at the end of stage two to decide the winner.
Chess clock application on mobile phone will be used for the control of time and moves. Participants to download the app as below.
Tournaments are open only to MMS members. In case of children below 12 years of age, one of the parents needs to be MMS Member. Children above 12 years of age need their own membership.
Exact reporting time of each category will be informed 2 days before depending on the number of entries we receive.
So do not wait, Start registering your names.
Any questions? Please feel free to contact feedback@mmsingapore.org.


Living with a pet reduces the likelihood of suffering from health problems, which is evident in the fact that pet owners require fewer visits to the hospital on average. Studies conducted in Germany and Australia found that those with companion animals visited the hospital 15% less often than people without pets. In China, pet owners saw even greater benefits, with 20% fewer hospital visits (Sydney Morning Herald, 16 February 2006).
Research has identified a number of specific health benefits associated with cat ownership, including reduced risk of developing asthma, enhanced immune function, improved mental health, and reduced risk of heart attack and stroke.
Researchers at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health have discovered that children are less likely to develop asthma if there is a cat in the home. This fringe benefit occurs because children who grow up with cats are more likely to develop allergy-related antibodies (Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, 20 May 2008).
Dr. June McNicholas, University of Warwick (UK), found that children living with pets were 13% to 18% less likely to miss school due to illness than children without pets. Also, the salivary immunologobulin levels of young pet owners indicated that their immune function was less likely to be weak (Anthrozoology.org, 2006).
Pet ownership has been shown to boost levels of mood-regulating neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. This means that pets can reduce feelings of anxiety, depression, and other negative states not only by offering companionship, but also by triggering actual physiological effects in the brain (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 25 July 2007).
Stroking a cat lowers blood pressure, and cat owners tend to have lower triglycerides, which reduces their risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease (Sydney Morning Herald, 16 February 2006). A University of Minnesota study of 4,435 people found that cat owners were 30% less likely to die of heart attack or stroke (Paddock, 25 February 2008).
The health benefits that cats and dogs can offer have become widely recognized in recent years. As a result, many pets are being put into service as therapy animals, helping to improve the psychological and physical health of children, the elderly, and those who suffer from medical problems. This growing field is proving to have many potential applications.
CBC News. (22 February 2008). "Something to Purr About: Cats Reduce Heart Attack Risk." CBC.ca.
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health (2008, May 20). "Early Life Exposure To Cats May Reduce Risk Of Childhood Allergies And Asthma Symptoms." ScienceDaily.com.
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (25 July 2007). "The Many Benefits of Pets." Johns Hopkins Medicine, JohnHopkinsHealthAlerts.com.
Paddock, C. (25 February 2008). "Cat Owners Have Lower Heart Attack Risk, Study." Medical News Today.
Sydney Morning Herald. (16 February 2006). "Doctors See Fewer Pet Owners." SMH.com.au.


Students, parents, educators, partners and community members are all vital components to high school designs that will provide relevant, meaningful experiences and to contribute to the success of both the graduates and community. Community Input into School Redesign is designed to provide a variety of methods to support getting the community involved with input and planning for a high school redesign.
An engaged community process may use a variety of approaches to better understand community desires, values, beliefs and gather input.
Whether you are embarking upon your redesign journey, designing a half-day session to review and organize input with stakeholders, or a multiple-day Charette to engage in school designs, we believe you will find the guides and tools below useful.
A charrette is an intensive planning session where community members, designers and others collaborate on a vision for development. It provides a forum for ideas and offers the unique advantage of giving immediate feedback to the designers. More importantly, it allows everyone who participates to be a mutual author of the plan.
The Charrette Protocol is a two-page outline of the purpose of a charrette as well as the roles of the participants, how to use the protocol, the process, etc.
Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council published a brochure of the entire charrette planning process.
Follow 100 students from The Salvadori Center in New York through an all-day design challenge to redesign Time Square as a pedestrian mall with the help of professional engineers, architects, and designers.
Conversation Cafés are lively, hosted, drop-in conversations among diverse people about our feelings, thoughts, and actions on a specific topic or project.
Free online training materials and video for hosting public conversations. Free introductory in-person training for high school and university students and teachers. Click here for all of these free resources!
This American Graduate video on school discipline produced by Nine Network features a town hall discussion with an audience of parents, teacher, students, and education experts about school discipline.
Through actively seeking the collective wisdom of all residents, including those whose voices are often missing, resident-driven community development brings people together to redesign stronger, healthier and more vibrant schools based on what matters most to everyone.
Orton Family Foundation offers a resource library of practical, helpful, and easy-to-use guidance for resident-driven and inclusive community development model developed by the and tested in partnership with small cities and towns over a decade. Visit their Website.
Engaging the Community in HS Redesign is a webinar developed in conjunction with our partners at Louisiana Department of Education. The webinar explores the evidence-based insights that encourage community involvement as well as examining a variety of approaches to incorporate community stakeholders' desires, values, and feedback in a school's redesign.
A resource from the Orton Family Foundation site that provides a step by step process and kit of resources to equip teams to use the Heart and Soul method in their communities.
These sample talking points will help your team write informative, helpful messages so residents will understand all about your Heart & Soul efforts. A resource from the Orton Family Foundation Community Heart & Soul website that provides a wide-variety of resources to equip teams to connect with their communities.
This resource helps build bridges to the media and spread the word about your project. Practical tips on how to pitch stories, write compelling press releases and letters to the editor, and create media packets. A resource from the Orton Family Foundation Community Heart & Soul website that provides a wide-variety of resources to equip teams to connect with their communities.
Michele Cahill hosts Building Networks & Partnerships a discussion with experts on how to design educational experiences in collaboration with others. Featuring: Jeff McClellan Founding Principal of MC² STEM High School Cleveland, OH Stephanie Wu Senior Vice President of City Year Boston, MA Aaliyah Brown Graduate of MC² STEM High School Cleveland, OH.
The XQ Expert Series is a series of conversations with transformational educational leaders about how they are incorporating youth voice and working alongside students to create meaningful learning experiences. The series includes inspiring examples, stories, and lessons from across the country. Visit the XQ Super School website to learn more about the podcast series, learn more about the XQ Super Schools, and find valuable high school redesign tools and resources. Visit the XQ Super School Website.
Students entering high school have rarely experienced "voice and choice" in their previous schools. As a result, they can often be resistant to the concept, viewing it as a situation in which the adults do not know what they are doing or are abandonging their responsibility to educate. In order to help students begin to enjoy the power of their voice and choice, it's helpful to establish routines and practices that scaffold student learning.
Next to educators, students spend the most time in school and have very definitive opinions about what they want to achieve from their education in and out of school. In this section we have resources to help engage student voice in high school redesign.
Respected: Perspectives of Youth on High School & Social and Emotional Learning While life outside of school can pose obstacles to learning, reconstructing what happens inside of school can offset learning barriers and instead enhance, accelerate, and broaden our success. The adults who teach and guide us—teachers, administrators, coaches, and counselors—should be organized to foster a warm, nurturing, and physically and emotionally safe environment that acknowledges and helps offset these obstacles.
Student and Youth Voice: Asking, Listening, and Taking Action from WKCD.org who for more than 15 years, has reached far and wide to document and broadcast the voices and vision of the next generation. This wide-array of resources include questionnaires, surveys, and other valuable resources for obtaining student voice and choice.
Promoting Student Voice Throught Student Focus Groups (A Fishbowl Exercise) The student fishbowl focus group is a highly adaptable process that uses basic dialogue concepts and a simple structure to encourage students to express their opinion, ideas and concerns about their classrooms and school. The reversal of formal roles, where students speak and adults listen, makes a strong impression on students and adults alike.
This short video produced by the Nellie Mae Education Foundationdiscusses the importance of including student voice in all aspects of the education they are consuming. In this dynamic video students, teachers, and administrators share their views on making education more personal, relevant, and engaging.
Students' Voices, Students' Visions is a video produced by the Everyone Graduates Center. The 10-minute video captures 20 West-Baltimore high school students discussing school design, learning, school & the community, and business & wealth. It is an illuminating glimpse into how 21st Century high school students view their school experience, what they'd like to ultimately achieve from their high school experiences.
As part of needs assessment process, construct a short, online survey for students, parents, and community members asking their views on the what they see as the value and purpose of high school.
We offer a query data template used by Boston Public Schools and Mayors Cabinet that you can customize and use in a public forum to gather input from students, parents, and the community.
Study Circles provide another structure for seeking community feedback and action. A study circle is a group of 8 to 12 people who meet regularly over a period of weeks or months to address a critical public issue in a democratic, collaborative way. Participants examine the issue from many points of view and identify areas of common ground. They emerge with recommendations for action that will benefit the whole community.
Organizing Study Circles examines the "what", "whys", and "hows" of study circles and how to plan and conduct study circles to improve knowledge about key issues in one's community. Click Here to View Online.
What Works: Study Circles in the Real World is a practical, short publication based on the Toward Competent Communities study of best practices in study circle programs. Click Here to View & Download the Report.
Organizing Study Circles With Young People is a hands on guide for youth and adults, who are dedicated to finding ways for all kinds of people to engage in dialogue and problem solving on critical social and political issues. Click Here to View & Download the Guide.
Calling the Roll: Study Circles for Better Schools the results of a two-year evaluation by the Southwest Educational Development Laboratory of statewide study circle programs that addressed education issues in Arkansas and Oklahoma. This study places special emphasis on the role of policymakers in study circles. Click Here to View & Download the Report.