in shape and it's also really restorative. There are seven types of yoga that aim to help you get more in touch with yourself.Try your finest to keep a favorable attitude everyday. No matter how bleak things can sometime look or be, keeping favorable can assist you survive the hard times. You can likewise get so much more done when you have a positive outlook on the job or the result of the tasks.Personal Try using affirmations to make yourself see how fantastic you really are. Repeating expressions like "I am strong," "I think in myself," "I am healthy, "etc. can really help you feel much better about the type of individual you feel you are. It truly helps to increase your self-worth and individual strength to achieve your goals.Remember that individual development is beyond your physical self. Having more pride in how you bring yourself is exceptionally important, but your advancement ultimately depends upon a healthy relationship with yourself and the world.
Consider discovering meditation strategies as you find out new methods to process and respond to the world around you.In order to be successful with your journey of individual advancement, you need to have a sound structure from which to build on. Your success is determined by your own self image and confidence levels. These are two easy things you can improve, which will in turn assist you in successfully identifying all the things you want to surpass in your life.As stated previously, lots of seek individual development. It lets people build on natural credit to improve themselves. Depending on the attribute you wish to develop, individual advancement can be simple or difficult. Nevertheless, with the suggestions from this article to assist you, you need to find personal development a bit simpler.


text:
Home z_Archive PAKISTANI AIRLINE CRASHES INTO HOMES KILLING 58 (VIDEO)
z_Archive
PAKISTANI AIRLINE CRASHES INTO HOMES KILLING 58 (VIDEO)
John R. Red
Pakistan International Airline (PIA ) Flight PK8303 an Airbus A320 with 91 passengers on board has just crashed on a residential area of Karachi. There are at least 58 people killed that have been accounted for. It is too early to give a final statement regarding the number of dead and casualties.
The pilots were trying to land and had a number of attempts, but after the first attempt they aborted and tried to circle again for a second attempt to land. However they seem to have had engine trouble and gave out a mayday call. The undercarriage was also unable to deploy.
The reason for the crash is not yet known, but one civil aviation official told Reuters the plane may have been unable to lower its undercarriage. Images posted on social media appeared to show scorch marks under both engines, with no undercarriage visible on approach.
Eyewitnesses have conformed at least 2 passengers have survived the crash.
PIA said the plane had joined the fleet in 2014 and passed its annual airworthiness inspection last November. This crash comes a few days after the airline was allowed to fly again after the Covid-19 lockdown.
In 2016, a Pakistan International Airlines plane burst into flames while travelling from northern Pakistan to Islamabad, killing 47 people.
Previous articleLATIN AMERICA NEXT EPICENTRE OF THE CORONA VIRUS EPIDEMIC
Next articleHERTZ FILES FOR BANKRUPTCY
Our contributing editor, John covers worldwide crime stats and criminal court cases. One of John's fondest childhood memories is sneaking out at night to read evening newspapers left in the living room: they were banned as the "adults only" type of media. That forbidden fruit made him pursue journalism and graduate from the University of Auckland with a Media and Communication Studies degree. John moved to Virginia in 2010, arriving right in the middle of Springfest riots; covering them was his first truly intense job as a reporter, and he has been chasing that adrenaline high ever since. But his main goal is to be as fast and correct as possible when it comes to reporting crimes. John believes that the Internet must be a source of objective information that saves lives. He currently lives in Vancouver with his family and enjoys gardening: you can literally find him working on his articles among the parsley patches. Email:red@worldnewstribune.com
Mastercard Investigates Pornhub
Demonstrations In Paris Against Bill To Disallow Police Being Filmed
TicTok Avoids Ban In US Temporarily

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Merchoid's officially licensed NES Classic Hoodie is now available to pre-order. Due to ship on September 30, 2017, the NES Classic Hoodie will allow you to show the world how much the classic console means to you. Including shipping, one of these can be yours for $54.99 / €54.99 / £44.99 and features a design that pays great homage to the legendary console.
Only 5 left! Seems they did follow it to the T!
It's sad if you can't even keep a simple hoodie in stock. One on the bit of the expensive side at that.
They're probably trying to make it a limited release and the price isn't too bad so long as the jacket is good quality.
We're never going to hear the end of that, are we?
Just 5 in stock… is this a big middle finger to us?
How many of these were initially available?
"Limited Stock! Only 5 available to pre-order." Is limiting things Nintendo's fetish?
In marketing it's called the scarcity principle. Nintendo have used that since the 80′.
I'm willing to bet that this doesn't come in my size. Hardly ANYTHING cool does. Most things are made for kids, or skinny bean pole people.
This thing looks pretty dumb anyways. Elbow pads? No thanks.


The mSPY is a terrifying application that serves to spy cell. That might just be the text that accompanies the app description, but not exactly. When installed on an Android or iOS (iPhone) – with or without root and jailbreak – you can track calls, location data and keystrokes. This is not from today and there is nothing illegal, as long as you and the owner agree to do so.
Every year the subject comes up, but the company is providing its services since 2007.
The application is intended for monitoring employees on business phones for security purposes and for parents concerned about their hyperconnected children. The reasons are legitimate. But, as always, there are people using them for unscrupulous purposes. MSpy operates in several countries and charges a large amount of money on the service.
"By installing mSpy, you confirm your intention to use this software legally, that is, you installed mSpy on your own device, your child's device, or the device owner agreed to be monitored," it says.
Elsewhere on the official website, mSpy refers to your application as a listening tool for collecting evidence, referring menacingly to the user of a phone as a "target." MSpy also claims that its software is "100% undetectable".
Hiding should not be necessary if everyone has been told that they are being monitored as they themselves suggest and we stand out here.
"Please understand that mobile tracking software is legal only for monitoring children and employees. Thinking of using mSpy to get evidence of your spouse's unfaithfulness? Without his consent? Think again. That's not what this software was made for", it warned.
Fortunately, the application requires physical access to the installation and this complicates matters a little if the purpose is that it be used improperly and/or without authorization. But it is already possible to install remotely in some cases. And that does not stop there.
MSpy supports the software platforms: iOS, Android, MacOS and Windows. It has more than 1,000,000 (one million) customers; all paying. There is no free version.
The app collects information from the target device and sends it to the Control Panel accessible from any browser for whom it is paid for online monitoring.
After verifying the compatibility of the system with the "target cell phone", choose the subscription plan and close it with the purchase, an email with login and password is sent to the Control Panel. Basically you will need to have full and authorized physical access to the cell phone, open the browser, type the link and download the new application.
iOS 7, iOS 8, iOS 9, iOS 10 and iOS 11 (without jailbreak).
You can check the compatibility of any phone at mspy's website (at this link).
"MSpy" and "mSpy without jailbreak" are two separate solutions for iOS. Without the unlocking, however, the features are limited. The same goes for Android smartphones and tablets. Instant messenger monitoring, such as WhatsApp and Telegram, only works on Androids that have logged in as root.
How does mSpy hide on your phone?
After installation, the mSpy application will run "silently". The icon that appears after installing mSpy does not allow you to adjust settings or change anything in the application, it is only there to appear. And, about that, there are two options: keep it or not on the home screen. Enough to confuse an ordinary user.
Again, the company notes that if you have questions about the legality of your intended use of mSpy, find a lawyer. MSpy does not provide legal advice and it is at your own risk to make nonsense that is punishable.
On Android, physical access is required. On iOS, without jailbreak (and with limited tracing capabilities) it is possible to do a remote installation using the iCloud credentials. But the manufacturer warns that access may be necessary if iCloud Backup is not enabled on iPhone or iPad. If iOS jailbreak, it takes 5 to 15 minutes of physical access to the device for the installation to succeed.
If you have read here, by this time in the league, you should already be worried and checking if there is anything different on your phone that might be a sign of mSpy or similar.
Your luck is that yes, you can know. Mspy uses the Cydia store that releases the installation of unofficial apps on the iPhone, the iPod and the iPad, unlocked by jailbreak.
MSpy states that if you notice illegal use of the software on your devices (on the initiative of a third party), you can notify the company immediately. What is done later is not known.
MSpy should appear among applications running Android.
Spy should appear among your Android apps.
MSpy charges for access per month and the amount can range from $29.99 to $199.99, depending on the type of plan the spy chooses. The cheaper version of the system does not give access to messenger content and social networks, but the premium version is capable of doing absolutely everything as long as your pocket is quite full.
It also provides Geographic Delimitation, Keylogger, Access to WhatsApp, Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook Messenger, Skype, Telegram, Tinder, iMessage, Hangouts, and other less popular messengers. It also issues keyword alerts and transmits all his actions.
mSpy once used to be a good spying app. But some apps have become a lot more sophisticated in features and compatibility now. I had to switch to Xnspy because it offered compatibility for iOS 12.1 as mSpy was not offering this. Besides, this is cheaper than mSpy when it comes to an annual subscription.


Green Roads World have a vision of ensuring that you lead a happier and healthier life than you are living now. Buy their CBD Terpenes Oil – Original Nectar and halt all your pains.
It's based in vegetable-derived glycerin.
Its triple lab approved and tested.
Stress: This has become very common in our millennial age than it was in the past. This could be due to high living standards and pressure from many areas of life. But you can neutralize stress by taking Green Roads CBD Terps Oil – Original Nectar.
Pains: You can get chronic pain that may result from inflammation or arthritis, but no matter the cause it can rob you of the joy of life. But with this product from Green Roads, you can put it to a standstill.
Depression: With CBD Terps Oil – Original Nectar, you don't have to be depressed due to accumulated stress. As soon as you realize that you're becoming more stressed, you can take this relief and you will get the happiness you deserve.
Soreness: Sometimes, it may not be those chronic pains from biological ailments but muscle soreness as a result of heavy exercises or sports. You can make this soreness manageable by taking this CBD Terps Oil – Original Nectar from Green Roads.
Quality: This product is made from CBD and terpenes that are high quality and are extracted using the CO2 extraction method from approved and tested hemp plants. Terpenes are found in essential oils, and they give a scent and flavor to plants. Essential oils have become common in most houses, and CBD Terpenes Oil – Original Nectar makes terpenes available for your consumption.
Effect: Just like other products from Green Roads, this product is very effective, especially when it comes to easing both mild and chronic pains caused by a variety of factors. It is very effective in melting away stress and depression. Having been formulated and approved by pharmacists who have 20+ years of experience, it is clearly one of the best pain relievers.
Price: Every bottle of CBD Terps Oil – Original Nectar usually has 100 mg of CBD and various terpenes responsible for pain relieving. Now you can get these results with only $37.99 in your wallet. If it is not in your nearest store outlet, you can visit https://hempworldstore.com/green-roads-cbd-oil-product-review-10-coupon/ to buy CBD Terps Oil – Original Nectar online.
Final Thoughts: CBD Terps Oil – Original Nectar is the best anti-inflammatory in town.
You don't need any prescription or card to buy it.
It has a sweet flavor and scent.
It is made from natural products and is thus non-GMO.
It allows for an entourage effect.
Not appropriate to nursing mothers.
It is not advisable for pregnant women to take it.


SXSW: Capital One Spark Business wants to know – what's YOUR "Secret Sauce" for success?
If there's one thing I've learned over the past 19 years since starting my first company, it's that entrepreneurship and small business ownership is not for the faint-hearted. Why? Because it is almost never an overnight whirlwind of success – it's a marathon that requires continuous concentration and energy, fueled by a fierce and unwavering passion.
But what motivates entrepreneurs to break from the status quo, open their own businesses and challenge the landscape? Everyone has their own secret ingredient – for me, it is creativity. It's what inspired me to leave my career as a lawyer and start my own creative marketing and public relations agency at the age of 23.
Creativity has been the key ingredient, the so-called "secret sauce," to my success. It has enabled me to raise money, give speeches and work with small local startups and large global corporations alike.
Every entrepreneur and small business owner has a "secret sauce" that gives him or her a unique edge. The small business experts at Capital One Spark Business have long recognized these unique traits and the needs of small business owners, which is why they're heading to SXSW, one of the premier destinations for aspiring and establishing entrepreneurs alike.
From Friday, March 11 through Monday, March 14, the Spark Small Business House on E 6th Street will feature a series of "Hot Talks" with successful entrepreneurs from companies like Chubbies and Knot Standard, who will reveal and discuss what ingredients have propelled their businesses forward. Spark Business will also host a keynote and fireside chat with highly acclaimed chef, author and entrepreneur Anthony Bourdain, in which he'll discuss the role that passion plays in business.
Throughout the week, small business owners will also have the chance to experience several one-of-a-kind interactive stations, including the opportunity to create their own "secret sauce" and meet with entrepreneurial-minded experts for mentoring sessions. And the brand will be demoing several of its digital offerings, including digital checking and savings and merchant services tools like Spark Pay.
Knowing how important my own special ingredient – creativity – has been to my success, I will definitely be heading to the Spark Small Business House for their activities this coming weekend, and if you'll be in Austin, I'd highly encourage you to do the same.
For the complete schedule of Hot Talks and to learn more check out: http://2016.do512.com/capitalonespark. Please note that capacity is limited and RSVPs are required.
Thank you Capital One Spark Business for sponsoring this post.


text:
DA declines to press charges against demonstrators who blocked Fairfield rail tracks
Authorities have decided not to move forward with criminal charges against six demonstrators who erected a wooden barricade on a train line in Fairfield in June.
By Matt Hongoltz-HetlingStaff Writer
"After consultation with the Fairfield chief of police, the district attorney's office is not bringing charges at this time, but could do so in the future," said Somerset County District Attorney Maeghan Maloney.
Protesters from 350 Maine and Earth First, block the railroad track crossing at Lawrence Avenue in Fairfield in June to protest the transport of tracked oil on railroads. Staff photo / Michael G. Seamans
The six Maine residents were each arrested and charged with criminal trespass on the night of June 27, when they staged a protest that blocked a Pan Am Railways train line and local traffic routes for about two hours.
The six are: Elizabeth Catherine Catlin, 23, of Brunswick; James Hall Freeman, 64, of Verona Island; Sarah Linneken, 35, of Brunswick; Read Debow Brugger, 63, of Freedom; Douglas M. Bowen, 67, of Porter; and Robert Edward Shaw, 66, of Belfast.
Brugger said the protesters arrived at a scheduled arraignment in Skowhegan District Court Thursday morning, when they learned it had been canceled.
Maloney said the office could decide to move forward with the criminal case at any time in the next three years, the statute of limitations.
She said any future criminal actions by the protesters could be taken into consideration.
"At this point, we didn't see it as the top priority for our scarce resources," she said. "But that could change in the future."
The protesters, part of an environmental group called 350 Maine, said they were trying to bring awareness about Maine railways transporting oil procured through fracking, or hydraulic fracturing.
Fracking is a process in which oil is removed from shale by high-pressure water and chemical injections. Fracking opponents claim the process causes significant damage to the environment.
Brugger said he would have rather gone to trial than have the charges set aside.
In a trial, he said, the protesters had planned to subpoena information from Pan Am Railways that would have demonstrated that its tracks are unsafe.
Brugger said that, in speaking to lawyers before the protest, he knew a criminal trespass charge was likely, but a wider range of more serious charges and penalties were possible.
Criminal trespass is a class E crime, punishable by up to six months incarceration and a $1,000 fine.
Brugger said the deadly train crash in Lac Megantic, which took the lives of 47 people ten days after the protest, gave an added weight to the issue.
"This added a whole other dimension to it with loss of life," he said. "It hadn't been on my radar that this stuff was that explosive."
Brugger said 350 Maine will continue to work to bring awareness to the issue, and plans to spread leaflets during the Great Falls Balloon Festival in Lewiston-Auburn this weekend.
A call to Pan Am Railways for comment was not returned before deadline.
Matt Hongoltz-Hetling — 861-9287


? Wilderness Survival Quiz Answers ? Top 10 Best Emergency Survival Foods :: WILDERNESS SURVIVAL QUIZ ANSWERS :: (As Seen On TV) Watch Video Now! Delta Wars 5 Info Wilderness Survival Quiz Answers Be certain you know your sign. Sight it in before the hunt and get out and the bullets will hit distinct times in our ranges. Take along something consume for an emergency, despite �... 80 questions papers for banking exams in PDF format. 7500 practice questions available for free. It's a bundle of previous papers and model papers. Difficulty level is at par with real examination.
A wilderness survival quiz can be a fun way to learn more! These questions cover a wide variety of wilderness survival skills, including knowledge of making shelter and fire, finding survival food, recognizing hazards and addressing first-aid situations.
Most questions have little to do with the Undead. They have to do, with you! They have to do, with you! So take the quiz, and see if you will be one of the few, the proud, the living!


text:
Q: Filter data.frame by a set of columns whose row values must be TRUE This is the MWE that reproduces my error:
df <- data.frame(
  col1 = c(TRUE, FALSE, FALSE),
  col2 = c(FALSE, TRUE, FALSE),
  col3 = c(FALSE, FALSE, TRUE),
  col4 = c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
)

filterByTrueCols <- function(df, trueCols) {
  for (rule in trueCols) {
    df <- df[df[rule] == TRUE,]
  }
  df
}

filterByTrueCols(df, c("col1", "col2", "col4"))

>> Error in matrix(unlist(value, recursive = FALSE, use.names = FALSE), nrow = nr,  :
  length of 'dimnames' [2] not equal to array extent

However, this modification solves my problem:
filterByTrueCols <- function(df, trueCols) {
  for (rule in trueCols) {
    # inserted to prevent error,
    # result should be the same since filtering makes sense only when there are rows
    if(nrow(df)) {
      df <- df[df[rule] == TRUE,]
    }
  }
  df
}

I know that asking multiple questions is not good practice, but in this case: Why does the error pop up and is there a better way to do what I am trying to achieve?
Edit: In this case, the expected output is an empty data.frame since there is no row that satisfies the condition.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Should Maroon 5, Bruno Mars, One Direction or Coldplay Play Super Bowl 50? Vote!
While the Super Bowl 50 halftime performer has not yet been nailed down, we do have some new names in play. Vote in our poll for who you think should perform at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, Calif.…
Maroon 5 performs at the SSE Arena in Wembley, London on May 26, 2015. LNP/REX_Shutterstock
While the Super Bowl 50 halftime performer has not yet been nailed down, we do have some new names in play.
Maroon 5 in Talks to Perform at Super Bowl Halftime Show: Report
On Wednesday (Oct. 21), E! News reported that Maroon 5 is in talks to perform, while we reported last month that 2014 halftime performer Bruno Mars was asked to perform and "curate" this year's show. U.K. tabloid Daily Star also suggested that Coldplay could be in the mix, or even a One Direction farewell show on the big stage.
Given that Mars still might curate the halftime show, what about all four options at once?
Rihanna Is 'Pre-Gaming' the Super Bowl in Sporty Savage X Fenty Collection
Bruno Mars Asked to Perform, 'Curate' Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show
Below: Vote in our poll for who you think should perform at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, Calif., on Sunday, Feb. 7, 2016, or write in your (yet-to-be-rumored) favorite:
Which rumored Super Bowl 50 halftime performer should get the gig?


text:
Grevillea mimosoides är en tvåhjärtbladig växtart som beskrevs av Robert Brown. Grevillea mimosoides ingår i släktet Grevillea och familjen Proteaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Proteaordningen
mimosoides

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Corporate Yoga classes help to foster a healthy and well-balanced climate in any workplace. Not only do Corporate Yoga classes improve workplace morale, increase productivity and bring everyone together as a group, they are a welcome break in a busy work day or a relaxing way to de-stress at the end of the day.
We guarantee that every yoga class will leave you and your co-workers refreshed, reenergised and ready to deal with challenges for the rest of the day.
Our yoga classes are designed to fit the needs of the individuals in each group. They are suitable for all levels, from experienced yogis to absolute beginners. We recommend practicing yoga regularly for the noticeable results in all areas of your life.
I am happy to run couple of 45min taster classes in your premises at preferred times (e.g. lunchtime) to gauge the interest and collate the feedback according which I am happy to accommodate further sessions daily.


text:
Why the Dalai Lama comes to Stanford
Diposting oleh Rulam | Tanggal: October 15th, 2010 | Kategori: International
www.infodiknas.com – infodiknas@yahoo.com
Stanford Report, October 13, 2010
Stanford researchers and the Dalai Lama focus on the neuroscience of compassion – an effort that finds a natural ally in Tibetan Buddhism. But Stanford's ties with Tibet go deeper than that.
Jack Hubbard
Stanford neurosurgeon James Doty is the director and founder of the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, one of the hosts of the Dalai Lama's visit.
BY CYNTHIA HAVEN
The Dalai Lama returns this week on his third visit to Stanford in recent years, but it's more than palm trees and sunshine that draw him to the heart of Silicon Valley. It's the research.
Stanford's Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education (CCARE, pronounced "see care") is at the forefront of a growing movement to bring the tools of psychology and neuroscience to the study of empathy, compassion and altruism.
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is more than an interested bystander at CCARE – he is a benefactor. The project grew directly from his visit in 2005, when he was involved in discussions with scientists and Buddhist scholars on research findings about craving, suffering and choice.
After he returned to Dharamsala, India, the base of the exiled government of Tibet, the entrepreneur, philanthropist and Stanford neurosurgeon James Doty continued the discussions. In 2008, the Dalai Lama donated $150,000 from his book sales – his largest donation to a non-Tibetan cause – and CCARE was born.
As part of the Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, CCARE brings together a multidisciplinary team of psychologists, neuroscientists, physicians, religious scholars and a variety of other scientists and researchers. Some are leading figures in their fields.
According to Philip Pizzo, the dean of Stanford's medical school, "While neuroscience often focuses on cognition, behavior and the intricacies of brain development and function, CCARE is unique in its focus on seeking to define the biological underpinnings of compassion and altruism.
"This is a unique focus that can only be approached in an institution with a broad and deep commitment to interdisciplinary research and education."
CCARE has already held two major conferences since its founding by Doty. A third all-day conference, "Scientific Explorations of Compassion and Altruism," with the Dalai Lama is being held Friday.
Researchers from CCARE have studied the use of neuroscientific models to understand how people make decisions about altruistic giving. They have analyzed the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and other psychological measures to determine the effects of compassion training. Among the researchers are Buddhist and Catholic contemplative practitioners.
L.A. Cicero In this 2005 photo, the Dalai Lama addresses the crowd at Maples Pavilion with his longtime interpreter, Thupten Jinpa, left.
While CCARE's interests may sound technical and complicated, the problems they hope to solve are not: How can we prevent caregiver burnout? Why do some kids become bullies? Can we teach people to be more compassionate?
For Doty, the mission is an urgent one: "No longer do I believe compassion and love are luxuries. As His Holiness says, these are necessary if we are to survive."
Even a decade ago, a project such as CCARE would have aroused more skepticism than interest. Doty himself encountered resistance when he first floated the notion of the center; some faculty suspected a religious agenda. They needn't have worried. Doty cheerfully admits that he is an atheist.
"Our goal is to design techniques we all can use to develop compassion in ourselves," he said. "Evidence suggests that, by doing so, it makes healthier people, and happier people. This isn't something you have to sell too hard to anybody."
Doty is one of the interesting personalities pulled into the CCARE orbit. Another is the medical school's visiting research scholar Thupten Jinpa, the Dalai Lama's principal English translator, a former monk who holds a doctorate in religious studies from Cambridge and is an adjunct professor at McGill University in Montreal. He spends on average two weeks every two months at Stanford.
Jinpa's role is far from symbolic or ornamental: he developed an eight-week course, a compassion-cultivation training protocol, that is being used and tested at Google.
Jinpa said CCARE will foster the "deliberate cultivation of practices for compassion that you find in various religious traditions – it's particularly strong in Buddhism." He suggested that "the possibility of the deeper development of compassion can lead to a more positive self-understanding about ourselves as a species" and give us "the capacity to transcend our various prejudices."
Well-known psychologist Philip Zimbardo, also on CCARE's board of directors, works closely with Doty to brainstorm projects and programs centered around compassion, which Zimbardo calls "the highest personal virtue."
The Stanford psychology professor emeritus said he has conducted a variety of experiments and surveys under the CCARE aegis around issues related to heroism, which he calls "the highest form of civic action." One, updating the controversial 1961 experiments of psychologist Stanley Milgram, uses assessment tools to measure empathy and altruism and then puts subjects into a situation where they must resist authority to prevent harm to others.
"My goal is to better understand how to transform compassion into heroic action, and to educate the general public, especially children, how to be wise and effective 'everyday heroes'," he said.
CCARE is not the only thrust of Tibetan activities at Stanford, which has a very lively series of speakers and events thanks to students' "Stanford Friends of Tibet" and the Tibetan Studies Initiative. The latter is headed by Tenzin Tethong, president of the Dalai Lama Foundation and Chair of the Committee of 100 for Tibet. He is also the former chairman of the Kashag, the Tibetan Cabinet, and the U.S. representative of the Dalai Lama. He teaches in history and continuing studies at Stanford and is also on the executive committee for CCARE.
Like many Tibetans, Tenzin has given his entire life to the Tibetan cause, almost from the time he helped teach other children in the refugee schools of Darjeeling.
Though he is frank about the discouraging prospects for Tibet's future under Chinese rule, he refuses to be daunted: "Who knows the future, really? All we can do is work to make that future better. What really happens seems difficult to predict. People often assume things will happen in a certain way, but we're often proven wrong."
Look at the Soviet Union, he said – "Months before it happened, hardly anyone had even an inkling it was about to break down."
Source: http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/october/ccare-tibetan-initiative-101310.html
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text:
  Surdoux est
       un village
       géographiquement positionné dans le département de Haute-Vienne en Limousin. Elle totalisait 44 habitants en 2008.

Le nombre de logements, à Surdoux, se décomposait en 2011 en trois appartements et 45 maisons soit
 un marché relativement équilibré.

À coté de Surdoux sont localisées les communes de
La Croisille-sur-Briance située à 5 km, 704 habitants,
La Porcherie située à 8 km, 606 habitants,
Sussac située à 6 km, 355 habitants,
Lamongerie localisée à 9 km, 104 habitants,
Meilhards située à 5 km, 532 habitants,
Saint-Gilles-les-Forêts à 2 km, 53 habitants,
 entre autres. De plus, Surdoux est située à seulement 28 km de Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat.

Si vous envisagez de demenager à Surdoux, vous pourrez aisément trouver une maison à vendre.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What other vegetables have you been giving your little ones?
I went to the BLW (baby-led weaning) training run by our local HV (Health Visitor) and she said that from 6 months onwards babies can eat almost everything that we do with a couple of exceptions and some things have to be served cut in a way so that they're not chlong risk.
Aww thanks... I am worried about the blw .. I worry she mught choke?
I guess you can just take it slow wit BLW (baby-led weaning) and only give what you feel comfortable with to begin with and observe your LO (little one) to see what sort of foods she's good at.
I found that out boy does really well with baked potatoes or sticks of mango but he's getting frustrated with pasta.
I guess you can just take it slow wit BLW and only give what you feel comfortable with to begin with and observe your LO to see what sort of foods she's good at.
I started blw 2 weeks ago with my LB and ive given him toast with unsalted butter, avacado, peanut butter and mashed up banana. He's had cucumber, peppers, watermelon (which he absolutely loves), carrots and broccoli. He's had avacado mashed up and also as a finger food, same with banana. I got him some of the ellas kitchen melty puff things and he loves them. Ive given puree when i mixed it with natural yoghurt for abit of flavour. porridge fingers are good too.
We're giving our LO (little one) everything we eat just cut up to the right shape and with no salt etc as described in my previous posts.
I give my lo everything!! She even had some chicken Thai green curry with brown rice last night. Breakfast this morning was apple wedges (without skin) and I put some peanut butter on them to see if she liked that. I made a pancake for hervyesyerday with 1 egg, a mashed banana and so e oats, she ate a bit!! I usually give her finger foods whilst I'm cooking dinner then also feed her purée too... she loves cucumber batons, cooked sweet potato batons, yesterday I have her some mid size tomato halves and she loved that! Tried her with olives cut in half and she didn't hate them which I thought she would!
Is this unusual? Because I know that it is good to start them on meat but what if they dnt like it?


Nail jitna cut karne me comfortable ho, utna cut kar do. After that if you see any dirt in his/her nails, remove it by using your own nails...put them inside baby's uncut nail …... I cut my baby's every 5 days. It seems to grow so fast. I was scared of cutting it first and so filed but it takes way too long. Some fingers so have the nail really close to the skin.


text:
Q: jQuery - crossfade effect I have this code in javascript:
 function displayNextImage() {
              x = (x === images.length - 1) ? 0 : x + 1;
              document.getElementById("img").src = images[x];
              $(".body_image").fadeOut(300);
              $(".body_image").fadeIn(300);
          }

          function displayPreviousImage() {
              x = (x <= 0) ? images.length - 1 : x - 1;
              document.getElementById("img").src = images[x];
              $(".body_image").fadeOut(100);
              $(".body_image").fadeIn(200);
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          function startTimer() {
              setInterval(displayNextImage, 3000);
          }

          var images = [], x = 0;
          images[0] = "images/image1.png";
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          images[3] = "images/image4.jpg";
          images[4] = "images/image4.jpg";
          images[5] = "images/image4.jpg";

And effect between two images is bad. I want crossfade effect how can I do it?
Thx for every answer.

A: If I understand your needs, you want to:

*

*fadeOut() the current image

*Replace the image

*Fade back in

fadeOut() takes an optional completion function; use that to replace the image and start the fade-in.

 function displayNextImage() {
   x = (x === images.length - 1) ? 0 : x + 1;

   $(".body_image").fadeOut(300,
     function() {
       document.getElementById("img").src = images[x];
       $(".body_image").fadeIn(300);
     });
 }

 function displayPreviousImage() {
   x = (x <= 0) ? images.length - 1 : x - 1;

   $(".body_image").fadeOut(300,
     function() {
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       $(".body_image").fadeIn(300);
     });
 }

 function startTimer() {
   setInterval(displayNextImage, 3000);
 }

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   images = [
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     "//placehold.it/200/00ff00/000000",
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     "//placehold.it/200/ffffff/000000",
     "//placehold.it/200/ff00ff/000000"
   ];

 startTimer()

A: This code fades the new image in while fading the previous image out.  Here's a jsfiddle:
https://jsfiddle.net/fc7b1ktw/1/
And the code:
function displayNextImage() {
  crossFade(x,x+1);
}

function displayPreviousImage() {
  crossFade( x,x-1);
}

function crossFade( imageOut, imageIn ) {
  var i = $( ".image-" + imageIn % 2 ),
    timing = 500;
  x = imageIn % images.length;
  i.attr( 'src', images[ x ] );
  $( ".image-" + imageOut % 2 ).fadeOut(timing);
  i.fadeIn(timing);
}

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  displayNextImage();
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     "http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/models/Sample%20Models/Mathematics/Probability/Random%20Walk%20360.png"
  ],
  x = 0;

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Ctrack has released its latest hijacking and theft report, detailing the most hijacked cars and hijacking hotspots in South Africa.
The data coincides with the best-selling cars in South Africa as of May 2017, it said.
I'm glad we lived in Cape Town when crime was less, now it's escalated and that beautiful country has become a lawless society run by a government that can't govern..very very sad and will only get worse. ?


Many people first produce their content into Word or Google doc and then will copy paste it into their CMS. It's usually convenient as people will get more options to review their content or save it straight into their PC. It's cool but you need to be sure that your text will be clean !
Because if you paste your text with another format your CMS will read this format and your text will not look like your other articles.
So do you usually clean your HTML or you use some other tricks ?


text:
The Furnace of Kings
Carlos IV monument in Plaza Mayor, Intramuros c. 1898. Photo: John Tewell Collection.
The statue of Carlos IV is one of few colonial era monuments that stand today in the old city of Manila called Intramuros. The original purpose of its commission, who made it, and the story of its construction have been largely forgotten, and there are many gaps in the historical record about the monument. Recent findings by historian Pedro Luengo Guttierez attribute the monument's mold to Spanish sculptor Juan Adan (1741-1816), who sculpted it in 1796. However, the cast was forged in Maestranza, a bronze foundry converted by Chinese mestizo laborers who made cannons and ammunition for the Spanish colonial army. A granite tablet on the pedestal, tells onlookers that the statue was installed in the plaza in 1824 following a deadly mutiny that almost overthrew the colonial government.
The description of foundry masters Mateo Villanueva and Felipe Alonso from the records in the archive are intriguing. Villanueva had just been released from prison, exonerated for a robbery at the Maestranza while Alonso worked with the new cast for the bell for the Manila Cathedral years before. Although both men worked on the monument to Carlos IV, neither directed its operations. That task was assigned to Ambrosio Casas, the captain of a regiment of a local militia. Another interesting figure thought to have worked on the monument was Damian Domingo, who was a minor at that time. He would later build the first Art Academy in Manila in 1821.
Aside from technical problems that are evident in the realization of such a work, foundry workers also dealt with making a sculpture which was very different from what was commonly made in the Philippines at that time: candlestick images in ivory, and religious images made in wood. Bronze sculpture, although practiced, was not common in the islands. Letters by Juan Adan to funders point to an unnamed "famous Indian professor" who steered the technical adaptation of small format pieces of a religious type to making large civil monuments.
The records also show that the extraction of jaspers for the monument's pedestal started in 1807 in the Mariveles mountains in Bataan, 54 kilometers from Manila by ferry crossing. The extraction required the rigid supervision of the Spanish military, including the captain, a lieutenant, a second master of stonework, soldiers and corporals, and civilian officials. It took them four months just to move stones by boat to the square in Intramuros. The mestizo Chinese militia headed by Ambrosio Casas were overextended from dividing their time between the foundry and quarry. Casas and his men were charged with carrying out the entire supply process through an informal network created by Chinese hardware
Drawing of the monument for Carlos IV in Manila. 14/09/1885 ANF 16648. Photo: Pedro Luengo Gutierrez
merchants.
The expense ledger for April 1807 informs us that expenses multiplied due to the contracting of the services of the major master of the Royal Works. The report also included paltry wages paid to boilermakers, lapidary stonemasons, carpenters, and bricklayers. In December 1808, some ashlars were also purchased from Guadalupe, the traditional quarry from the 17th century. The first payments of lead and copper wire and two whetstones brought from China were made in 1809, indicating that they were about to cast the bronze mold.
An 1825 painting depicting the inaugural festivities in Plaza Mayor shows the statue of Carlos IV being protected by a circular temple surrounded by a series of low pedestals, and these in turn by an artificial garden. This design departs from the austerity of the original. Drawings dedicated to the decoration of the square demonstrate the pride of the Philippine authorities but absent from the celebrations are the laborers who lent their skill in the making of the monument. This fact becomes more tragic when we take into account that locals and immigrants supplied the crucial labor in the foundry. Their participation in the civic project was not just an exceptional collaborative effort, it was one of the rare occasions which helped them assimilate into a racially segregated colony.
Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, Carlos IV, Photo: Museo Nacional del Prado, 1790.
A sketch made by Juan Adan for the monument presents Carlos IV with a cape, armor and decorations. The exterior of the cape is decorated with castles and lions, and the interior with ermine. On his chest he wears the necklace of the Royal and Distinguished Order of Carlos III. The drawing and the facial features were based on an official portrait of Carlos IV painted by Goya in 1790.
For the longest time, it was believed that the monument was commissioned by Manila residents in gratitude for the King's order to send smallpox vaccines to the Philippines in 1804, but the date of commission precedes this by a decade. Further investigation concluded that it was in fact the work of the Spanish government. The statue was designed to reinforce colonial power; to literally tower over citizens who were increasingly demanding autonomy. By the end of the 19th century, the monument was photographed without the pendant cross which appears in the original sketch. It was apparently vandalized and looted before it was removed in the 1960s amidst an anticolonial and nationalistic wave that coincided with the civil liberties movement, a political sea change that roughly coincided with the Civil Rights movement in the United States. It was largely forgotten in the basement of the National Library until dictator Ferdinand Marcos ordered the return of the statue to its original location in 1978. In re-installing the statue, the Marcos regime also restored the false story of its commission, which continues to obscure the truth about its origins to this day. Still secreted in the granite is the work of the artisans, the foundry masters, and immigrants who built the monument as a civic exercise expressing their desire for full assimilation into the society that enlisted their labor.
Posted in SculptureTagged goya, juan adan
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Governor Jim Hunt has been a Member of the law firm of Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, PLLC since 2001 after completing the last of his four historic terms as Governor of North Carolina (1977-1985, 1993-2001). Nationally recognized for leading his state through two decades of dramatic economic change and educational reform, Governor Hunt spearheaded the transformation of its economy from traditional industry to knowledge-driven industries – biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and IT.
Among his many successes in education, his early childhood education program, Smart Start, has been a model for the nation and has received the prestigious Innovations in American Government Award from the Ford Foundation and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. In the last decade of his governorship the schools of North Carolina increased NAEP scores more than any other state in America. In the 1980's, Governor Hunt and the Carnegie Corporation of New York created the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards which he chaired for ten years.
Under Governor Hunt's leadership, North Carolina consistently ranked at the top of the nation in economic growth, job creation and capital investment, and was nationally recognized for its business climate. Ever mindful that establishing the future economic prowess of his state depended on the "new economy," he established the North Carolina Biotechnology Center, the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina, and the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. The state quickly became known as the most innovative state in the nation in biotechnology and IT.
Uniquely qualified, Governor Hunt continues his promotion of North Carolina as a business friendly destination. Having been instrumental in decisions to move companies to the state, he knows first-hand what moving a global company to North Carolina entails and the benefits it confers. In addition, Governor Hunt continues to collaborate with governors across the U.S. as part of the "State Leaders for the Life Sciences" initiative he founded in 2008. He joined Governor Luther Hodges in 2007 as the only governors in state history to be inducted into the North Carolina Business Hall of Fame. In 2006, Governor Hunt was named one of the ten most influential people in American education, along with Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates and former Presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton.
Governor Hunt earned his BS and MS from North Carolina State University and his JD from the University of North Carolina School of Law. He was admitted to the North Carolina Bar in 1966.


text:
Immunophenotyping of HPV Types 16 and 18 among Sudanese Patients with Oral Lesions
Ibrahim A. M. Ginawi1*, Ebtihag A. Mahgoub2, Hussain G. Ahmed2
1Department of Community Medicine, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLs, University of Khartoum.
*Address correspondence and reprints request to: Dr. Ibrahim A.M. Ginawi, Department of Community Medicine, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
E-mail: iginawi@gmail.com
Ginawi IAM, Mahgoub EA, Ahmed HG. Immunophenotyping of HPV Types 16 and 18 among Sudanese Patients with Oral Lesions. Oman Med J 2012 May; 27(3):196-200.
Ginawi IAM, Mahgoub EA, Ahmed HG. Immunophenotyping of HPV Types 16 and 18 among Sudanese Patients with Oral Lesions. Oman Med J 2012 May; 27(3):196-200. Available from http://www.omjournal.org/fultext_PDF.aspx?DetailsID=235&type=fultext
Objective: The aim of this study was to screen patients with oral lesions for the presence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) types 16 and 18.
Methods: Sixty patients aged between 11-80 years with a mean age of 46 years were examined using immunohistological techniques. All samples were retrieved from RICK during the period from August 2009 to August 2010. Out of 60 patients, 50 had Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs) and the remaining ten had benign oral lesions, included as internal control.
Results: Of the 50 patients with OSCCs, 10 (20%) showed positive immunohistochemical results for HPV types 16 and 18 of which 50% were detected among males and 50% were demonstrated among females. The ten positive findings were Immunophenotyped as follows: five were positive with HPV type 16, four with type 18 and one was positive for HPV types 16 and18. All patients with benign oral lesions were negative for HPV immunohistochemistry.
Conclusion: The study suggests the role of HPV 16 and 18 in the etiology of oral cancers in different parts of Sudan. However, the use of molecular techniques such as PCR are needed to confirm the results of immunohistochemistry in the role of the HPV in developing of OSCC in Sudan.
Keywords: Oral carcinoma; HPV; Immunohistochemistry.
Oral cancer (OC) incidence and mortality rates vary widely across the world. The highest rates are registered in developing countries and more common among males than among females.1 Incidence rates of oral cancer have been rising in most regions of the world.2
The association between Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer is well established.3,4 HPV infection has also been postulated as a potential risk factor for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma OSCC. Several studies have detected HPV DNA in a considerable proportion of oral cancers, with wide variations from 0% to 100% prevalence in oral tissues. This perhaps reflecting the inherent variations in the different populations,5-7 as well as the detection methods used.8,9
Oral cancer surveys in Sudan found that squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant lesion representing 66.5%. They also found that its prevalence was higher in men than in women.10 In Sudan, OC is the fifth most common cancer type with about 920 cases per year, comprising 9% of the cases reported annually in Africa.11,12 This is strongly attributed to the use of local type of snuff known as Toombak, a very popular material in the Sudanese community.13,14 The association between Toombak dipping and OC has been investigated thoroughly during the last three decades.15-18
Many studies found a relatively high frequency of oral malignant neoplasms, particularly squamous carcinomas in men from Northern Sudan and of the Gaalein tribe, who lives in northern Sudan. Eastern side has shown relatively high occurrence of OSCCs with the absence of HPV infection, but no study from there has explored the possible causes.19,20
However, most of the previous studies from Sudan focused on the relationship between oral cancer and tobacco or alcohol abuse.21-24 However, few studies from Sudan have investigated the association between HPV and oral cancer.25 Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the rate of HPV among OSCC patients.
In this retrospective descriptive study immunophenotyping of HPV was performed for 50 Sudanese patients with OSCC and 10 patients with oral benign lesions. The most common cancer site for the lesions was the tongue, which was implicated in 14 cases (28%), followed by the lower lip, palate, lower jaw and floor of the mouth constituting 11 (22%), 10 (20%), 8 (16%) and 7 (14%) respectively. The male: female ratio was 1.22: 1.00. The study also includes the subjects' history, age, occupation and socio-economic status. Sixty paraffin embedded tissue blocks and data from patients with oral benign and malignant lesions were retrieved for this study from two histopathology laboratories (total converge sample). Patients' files lacked demographic and behavioral information of the patients such as smoking, alcohol consumption and snuff dipping.
The study was approved by the Faculty Research Board of Sudan University for Science and Technology in collaboration with Radio Isotope Centre Khartoum (RICK).
Histopathology was performed using conventional hematoxylin and Eosin Mayer's method. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination and histological features of the biopsy. OSCCs were graded as well, moderate and poorly differentiated using Smith and Pindborg criteria.24
Serial sections on poly-L-lysine–coated slides for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and one section on a regular slide for hematoxylin and eosin stain were prepared from each case. The immunohistochemistry staining was performed as described previously.26,27 Slides were heated overnight at 56°C, followed by deparaffinization through graded ethyl alcohols and rehydration. Before immunostaining with antibodies, the tissues were treated with 10 mM sodium citrate buffer at 100°C for 15 minutes for antigenic retrieval. The samples were incubated with 0.3% hydrogen peroxide (Merck, Germany) in methanol for 30 minutes to inhibit endogenous Peroxidase activity, washed 3 times with phosphate buffered-saline (PBS). After blocking nonspecific sites with horse normal serum (DAKO, Denmark) diluted in phosphate buffer (PBS), the slides were rinsed with distill water 2 × 5 minutes in PBS. Primary antibodies were incubated for 8 hours in a humidity chamber (Dako, Denmark), the procedure was performed by applying the avidin-biotin-Peroxidase complex method. After 2 × 5 minutes in rinse PBS, secondary antibody (LSAB2, DAKO) was incubated for 30 minutes in the same chamber. Detection of the primary antibody was obtained using the Strepto ABC, LSAB2 system (DAKO) according to the manufacture instructions. The slides were counter stained with hematoxylin, mounted and analyzed with light microscope. All slides were performed at the same time and submitted to standard methods. Known positive and negative cases were used as external controls. All slides (conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry) were reviewed by two independent pathologists unaware to the original diagnosis.
Data were analyzed using SPSS program to obtain frequencies and percentages.
In this study, a total of 50 patients with OSCCs and 10 patients with benign oral lesions were examined for HPV, their ages ranging from 11 to 80 years with a mean age of 46 years. Out of the 50 patients with OSCCs, 10 were found positive for HPV, while none of the benign lesions was found positive. Of the 10 positive cases, 5 were revealed as positive for HPV type 16, 4 for HPV type 18 and the remaining one was found positive for both HPV types.
The relationship between HPV and age was indicated in Fig. 1. Most positive cases were detected among age ranges 31-40 and 41-50 years. With regard to the tumor grade, the majority of patients were detected at the well differentiated grade representing 33 (66%) followed by moderate and poorly differentiated carcinomas, constituting 13 (26%) and 4 (8%), respectively. It appeared that among OSCC patients, the older patients tended to have a well differentiated grade of OSCC. In addition, older patients are more likely to have cancer, to have higher/worsening grades of cancer, and more likely to have HPV infection in general, as indicated in Table 1.
Regarding the gender and grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma, 26 (52%) were males, of whom 17 (34%) were diagnosed as well differentiated and 7 (14%) were moderately differentiated; while 2 (4%) were poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. While 24 (48%) were females, of whom, 16 (32%) were diagnosed as well differentiated, 6 (12%) as moderately differentiated and 2 (4%) as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. (Table 1)
Of the 5 positive cases for HPV subtype 16; 4 (80%) were detected among females and one (20%) was among males. Of the 4 positive cases for HPV subtype 18; 3 (75%) were males and one (25%) was a female. The case that was found positive for both HPV subtypes was male.
The distribution of HPV infection according to the patient's residence was: 1 (2%) patient from Khartoum, 1 (2%) patient from the south and 8 (16%) were from northern Sudan. (Fig. 2)
Table 1 shows the relationship between the patient's residence and the grade of OSCCs. The majority of patients were coming from Northern Sudan 22 (44%) followed by Khartoum 11 (22%), south 7 (14%), east 6 (12%), west 3 (6%) and central Sudan 1 (2%). Among the OSCC patients from Northern Sudan, 15 (30%) were with well differentiated, 6 (12%) were with moderate, and 1 (2%) was with poorly differentiated OSCC.
Figure 1: Description of HPV infection by age.
Figure 2: Description of HPV infection by Residence.
Table 1: Relationship between grade of cancer and demographical factors.
The epidemiological association of HPV with OSCC is well established.28,29 The prevalence of oral carcinomas reported to be associated with HPV has varied widely. This is due to differences both in the population studied and in the sensitivity of the assay used for HPV detection.30 The prevalence of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions and conditions shows wide variations between developed and developing countries. The primary risk factors for development of both OSCCs and potentially malignant lesions are considered to be similar. However, social habits of tobacco use and alcohol consumption have been strongly attributed to development of these lesions.31 Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion (66.5%) found in the cases of oral cancer in Sudan.32 It was also found that its prevalence was higher in men than women.32 The use of Toombak (snuff dipping) has been stated to play a major role in the etiology of oral cancer in Sudan.33 Since toombak use is a confounder factor in this setting, the absence of data regarding toombak use is a limitation in this study. The proprotion of positive cases for HPV in this study was found to be 20% (10/50), which is in agreement with reports from different countries.34-36 Notably, spread of HPV infection is greatly varied in different countries around the globe; though some studies have reported lower frequencies, while others have reported very high proportions.34,37 Nevertheless, HPV subtype 18 was relatively higher than the subtype 16, albeit, several studies have reported the predominance of subtype 16.37,38
In Sudan, most studies of oral cancer have attributed its etiology to the use of Toombak (tobacco rich Nitrosamine).10-14 To the best of the authors' knowledge; no study has investigated the presence of HPV by immunohistochemical methods from Sudan, except only one study in this context, which examined the presence of HPV in tissues from Sudanese Patients with oral cancer.39 They found similar findings as reported in the present study; although, somewhat relatively higher proportions of HPV subtype 16 was associated with OSCCs. However, several studies have reported that HPV subtype 16 is more frequently associated with oral cancer than HPV subtype 18.37,38 However, one of the limitations of this study is that, the immunohistochemical results were not confirmed by molecular techniques such as, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
The mean age for all oral lesions was 46 years in the present study. Skinner and colleagues reported their patients to be in their fifth and sixth decades of life.34 However, Bayat reported a mean age of 56.3 years, which is very close to our study findings.40 With regard to the gender ratio, a similar finding was previously reported from Sudan that oral cancer is more common in males.33 Moreover, a considerable number of patients present with advance stages of the disease (34%), among whom the male and female distribution was relatively similar.
The great majority of patients in this series were coming from Northern Sudan (44%) followed by Khartoum (22%). However, many studies have reported that the highest incidences of many cancers are from Northern Sudan.37,39,40 Though Northern Sudan is inhabited by the lowest population estimate (approximately 64,000), compared with Khartoum (approximately 7000.000). The possible reasons behind this high incidence of OC in Northern Sudan are yet to be discovered.
One of the major limitations of this study is the method used for the detection of HPV in terms of sensitivity measures. Several methods have been used to diagnose infection with HPVs including cytological screening by Pap smear, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry; but these methods have some disadvantages such as non-standardization and subjectivity, insufficient sensitivity and low predictable value.41 The most perspective ways of HPV diagnosis is a direct detection of DNA of the human papilloma virus of high carcinogenic risk by the polymerase chain reaction and In-situ hybridization (ISH). Therefore, the number of patients infected might be more than what is reported in the current study. If HPV ends up being a significant causal factor in OSCC in a country that has high rates of OSCC, then perhaps more HPV screening should occur prior to the onset of cancer. Education at an early age could help prevent HPV infections which might impact cancer risk.
Another weakness in this study was the lack of demographic and behavioral information of the patients such as smoking, alcohol consumption and snuff dipping. This data is difficult to obtain in this setting as files were lacking.
Overall, the study found that there is association between HPV16 and 18 infections and OSCC in different regions of Sudan. The role of HPV 16 and 18 in association with demographical factors need to be investigated. Further studies using PCR are urgently recommended with large sample size and involving all parts of the Sudan to get conclusive results on the actual link of HPV infection and the development of OSCC in the Sudan.
We would like to thank Dr. Jamal Arif at the College of Medicine University of Hail, KSA, for reading and commenting on the manuscript. No conflicts of interest were reported and no funding was declared for this article.
1. Warnakulasuriya S. Significant oral cancer risk associated with low socioeconomic status. Evid Based Dent 2009;10(1):4-5.
2. Brocklehurst PR, Baker SR, Speight PM. Oral cancer screening: what have we learnt and what is there still to achieve? Future Oncol 2010 Feb;6(2):299-304.
3. D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R, Pawlita M, Fakhry C, Koch WM, et al. Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 2007 May;356(19):1944-1956.
4. Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Dis Markers 2007;23(4):213-227.
5. Chaudhary AK, Singh M, Sundaram S, Mehrotra R. Role of human papillomavirus and its detection in potentially malignant and malignant head and neck lesions: updated review. Head Neck Oncol 2009;1(1):22.
6. Tachezy R, Klozar J, Rubenstein L, Smith E, Saláková M, Smahelová J, et al. Demographic and risk factors in patients with head and neck tumors. J Med Virol 2009 May;81(5):878-887.
7. Silva KC, Rosa ML, Moyse N, Afonso LA, Oliveira LH, Cavalcanti SM. Risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection in two populations from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009 Sep;104(6):885-891.
8. Hubbard RA. Human papillomavirus testing methods. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003 Aug;127(8):940-945.
9. Brink AA, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ. HPV detection methods. Dis Markers 2007;23(4):273-281.
10. Idris AM, Ahmed HM, Mukhtar BI, Gadir AF, el-Beshir EI. Descriptive epidemiology of oral neoplasms in Sudan 1970-1985 and the role of toombak. Int J Cancer 1995 Apr;61(2):155-158.
11. GLOBOCAN2002 [database on the Internet]. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: http://www-dep.iarc.fr/ [last cited on 2010 May 5.
12. Osman TA, Satti AA, Bøe OE, Yang YH, Ibrahim SO, Suleiman AM. Pattern of malignant tumors registered at a referral oral and maxillofacial hospital in Sudan during 2006 and 2007. J Cancer Res Ther 2010 Oct-Dec;6(4):473-477.
13. Idris AM, Ibrahim SO, Vasstrand EN, Johannessen AC, Lillehaug JR, Magnusson B, et al. The Swedish snus and the Sudanese toombak: are they different? Oral Oncol 1998 Nov;34(6):558-566.
14. Idris AM, Ibrahim YE, Warnakulasuriya KA, Cooper DJ, Johnson NW, Nilsen R. Toombak use and cigarette smoking in the Sudan: estimates of prevalence in the Nile state. Prev Med 1998 Jul-Aug;27(4):597-603.
15. Elbeshir EI, Abeen HA, Idris AM, Abbas K. Snuff dipping and oral cancer in Sudan: a retrospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989 Jun;27(3):243-248.
16. Idris AM, Prokopczyk B, Hoffmann D. Toombak: a major risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity in Sudan. Prev Med 1994 Nov;23(6):832-839.
17. Idris AM, Ahmed HM, Malik MO. Toombak dipping and cancer of the oral cavity in the Sudan: a case-control study. Int J Cancer 1995 Nov;63(4):477-480.
18. Ahmed HG, Mahgoob RM. Impact of Toombak dipping in the etiology of oral cancer: gender-exclusive hazard in the Sudan. J Cancer Res Ther 2007 Apr-Jun;3(2):127-130.
20. Ahmed HG, Eltoom FM. Detection of Human Papilloma Virus Types 16 and 18 among Sudanese Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The Open Cancer Journal 2010;3:130-134 .
22. Ibrahim SO, Vasstrand EN, Johannessen AC, Idris AM, Magnusson B, Nilsen R, et al. Mutations of the p53 gene in oral squamous-cell carcinomas from Sudanese dippers of nitrosamine-rich toombak and non-snuff-dippers from the Sudan and Scandinavia. Int J Cancer 1999 May;81(4):527-534.
23. Ahmed HG, Idris AM, Ibrahim SO. Study of oral epithelial atypia among Sudanese tobacco users by exfoliative cytology. Anticancer Res 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2C):1943-1949.
24. Ahmed HG, Babiker AE. Assessment of cytological atypia, AgNOR and nuclear area in epithelial cells of normal oral mucosa exposed to toombak and smoking. Rare Tumors 2009;1(1):e18.
25. Ibrahim SO, Bertelsen B, Kalvenes MB, Idris AM, Vasstrand EN, Nilsen R, et al. Expression of keratin 13, 14 and 19 in oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sudanese snuff dippers: lack of association with human papillomavirus infection. APMIS 1998 Oct;106(10):959-969.
26. Pedrini JL, Pedrini M, Savaris RF, Machado L, Grudzinski M, Zettler CG. Reassessing tumor markers in local recurrences of breast cancer: a new insight. Med Sci Monit 2004 Dec;10(12):BR462-BR467.
27. Croce MV, Isla-Larrain M, Remes-Lenicov F, Colussi AG, Lacunza E, Kim KC, et al. MUC1 cytoplasmic tail detection using CT33 polyclonal and CT2 monoclonal antibodies in breast and colorectal tissue. Histol Histopathol 2006 Aug;21(8):849-855.
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text:
Куша — многозначный термин.
 Куша — посёлок в Золотухском сельском поселении Онежского района Архангельской области России.
 Куша — персонаж Рамаяны.
 Куша — станция Северной железной дороги в посёлке Куша Онежского района Архангельской области России.
 Куша — мя́тлик (лат. Poa) — крупный род однодольных растений семейства Злаки (Gramineae).

См. также
 Куш


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"The RunforAmma raises funds for targeted cancer research, specifically for the UCSF BRCA Center at the Helen Diller Cancer Center/Ashworth Lab. In the BRCA center, scientists and clinicians work together to understand hereditary tumors caused by mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene, which consists of many ovarian, breast and gastrointestinal tumors."
Champa Seshadri
The Run for Amma is dedicated to Champa Seshadri, affectionately known as "Amma" [mother] to everyone.
Amma was diagnosed with late stage peritoneal cancer in 2006. This rare form of cancer led to initial prognoses that ranged from pessimistic to hopeless. What the doctors did not know was that Amma's life force was still burning strong. Initial treatment included surgery and a massive round of chemotherapy. Times were tough for her and her extended family.
Miraculously, Amma came out of the initial round of chemo with her spirits up and ready to live a full life. After 5̶9̶ 6̶0̶ 62 rounds of chemo, she survived with the love and support of her friends and family.
Amma passed away peacefully at our home in Sunnyvale, California at 9:27pm on Sunday March 4, 2012.
Amma's spirit and kindness will live on all of the lives that she has touched.
A community Charity Run Since 2012


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John Key: Portrait of a Prime Minister
John Roughan
An updated in-depth portrait of former New Zealand Prime Minister John Key.
New Zealand's most popular modern day Prime Minister, John Key shocked many with his decision to step down from office less than a year out from a general election. Rather than doing what most expected and seeking an historic fourth term, Key opted to quit while his approval rating was still high and before voters tired of him.
'I always thought leaders overstay their welcome. They just start grating with people. All the things people liked about them they start not to like,' Key tells journalist John Roughan in this updated edition of John Key: Portrait of a Prime Minister.
A fascinating insight into Key's early life, personality and motivations, Roughan's account of John Key's rise and rise examines how the twin ambitions of a boy in a state house 'to make a million dollars and be Prime Minister' were realised beyond his dreams. As popular as ever after eight years as Prime Minister, Key chose to leave the job he loved – and the voters who seemed certain to return him to office. But, as Roughan concludes, it's perhaps not surprising that the instincts that served Key so well as a currency trader, and which also informed his approach to politics, ultimately fuelled his unprecedented decision to retire at the height of his power.
Also available as an eBook
John Roughan is a journalist who has been observing and writing on New Zealand politics for the past 40 years. Born in Southland and educated in Christchurch, he graduated from Canterbury University with a degree in History and a diploma in Journalism. He began his newspaper career on the former Auckland Star newspaper before travelling extensively, working on newspapers in Japan and the United Kingdom at the time of the election of Margaret Thatcher.
On his return, he joined the New Zealand Herald and was posted to the Parliamentary Press Gallery in Wellington in 1983. There he covered the dramatic final years of the Muldoon era and the beginning of the Lange–Douglas Government's rapid reforms of the New Zealand economy. In 1988 he became the New Zealand Herald's chief editorial writer and in 1996 he was invited to write a weekly column which continues to appear in the Weekend Herald.
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