text:
There is "no way" Liverpool finish season without Premier League title-Ceferin
Uefa president Aleksander Ceferin said on Monday that there is "no way" Liverpool should finish the season without the Premier League title, even if the campaign is cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Jurgen Klopp's Liverpool appeared set to secure a first English top-flight title in 30 years when the season was suspended, sitting 25 points clear of second-placed Manchester City.
"There is no way Liverpool could end without the title. If the matches are played, then they will almost certainly win it – theoretically, they still haven't earned the title but they almost certainly will," Ceferin told Slovenian sports daily Ekipa.
"In case the matches cannot be played, we will need to find a way...
"And, once again, I see no scenario according to which Liverpool would not be the winners. I realise fans might be disappointed if the match is played in an empty stadium or even if it is resolved around a table, but I believe that one way or another they will win the title."
All major European leagues are currently suspended, as are the Champions League and Europa League competitions.
When asked if Ceferin thought games could played this summer, he said he was "optimistic".
"I'm an optimist," he added. "Of course, there is nothing I can guarantee or promise. It all depends of the situation in those countries, it will all depend on whether the circumstances will be safe enough so that by playing football nobody will be put in danger."
source: https://supersport.com/football/premier-league/news/200406_Liverpool_should_be_awarded_PL_title_Ceferin


With the right approach and a healthy dose of boldness, they hurt less and work better.
We work with businesses to explore the mysterious (not really) underlying communication dynamics and find the right means of future expression. Our goal every time is to invade a time of change and push it beyond what you expect of it.
Sometimes we will argue, sometimes we will make you uncomfortable. In the end though, if you are willing to do things better, we'll help you make it happen.


text:
Home / Digital Music /
Stream 3 tracks off Echo & The Bunnymen guitarist Will Sergeant's 'Things Inside'
Before revving up his new band Poltergeist with former bandmate Les Pattinson, guitarist Will Sergeant of Echo & The Bunnymen recorded a fan-funded, acoustic instrumental solo album called Things Inside, which is now out — and can be sampled via the three tracks ("Eastern Bells," "Extinction" and "Toy Piano Mantra") that are streaming below.
The full album is available on CD, vinyl and a digital download via Sergeant's online store.
Echo & The Bunnymen's Will Sergeant, Les Pattinson form new band Poltergeist
Echo & The Bunnymen's Will Sergeant brings 'My Own Worst Enemy' art show to L.A.
Echo & The Bunnymen's Will Sergeant records 'Things Inside' instrumental album
Tags: Echo and the Bunnymen, Les Pattinson, Poltergeist, Things Inside, Will Sergeant
reminds me a lot of the band Lanterna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In November 2014, Heather came to Shriners Hospitals for Children-Cincinnati after a campfire accident left her with severe burns on 70% of her body. The 12-year-old is a county-girl at heart and loves the outdoors, fishing, hunting, and country music. Throughout her stay, Heather has battled through painful wound treatments and therapy sessions but maintained her courageous spirit.
Heather was released at the end of the January 2015, but still has a tough road of healing ahead of her, both physically and emotionally. The staff at Shriners-Cincinnati can tell Heather will continue to be brave and get back to the things she loves as fast as she can.
Despite her life-altering situation, Heather radiates positivity and is a great example of a Hero of the Month!


So, after announcing my self-proclaimed Nano break, not only did I NOT take that break, but I accidentally crested 100k on the 4th.
And then, to make things, better (or worse), I ended up making it to 160k tonight.
Really, I don't normally do this well. Last year, my monthly goal was 300k, which I missed by 100k. It was still an impressive number, but I'd decided that under no circumstances would I miss 300k this year. Now, not only am I pretty much guaranteed to pass last year's wordcount, but I could possibly pass it within a week of beginning NaNo, AND pass my set goal of 300k before NaNo's even half over! It's insane!
Really, this awesome feat has only been accomplished because of Cosmam's OverAchiever Chat. Big shout out to them. If it wasn't for the other OAers there fueling my drive, I'd most likely be playing videogames and barely cresting 60k by now (#JustOAThings, I know). If you get the chance, go check out the chat. Everyone is allowed, because, if you're writing, to us, you're an OverAchiever! Plus, conversations get hilarious and weird there.


text:
Q: Why my second div acts like it would have a margin-top set up? I have two divs set up with
display: inline-block.

I don't know why but the second div always slides a little bit down in comparision to the first
div

just like it would have a margin-top set up. How to make the second div fully inline with the first div and how to position the
<ul>

vertically and horizontally in the center of the second div ?
Here is Codepen : http://codepen.io/anon/pen/EJhBK
The borders are not intended in the final project. I've placed them to visually show the position of each divs.
Thanks !

A: #nav {
width: 446px;
display: inline-block;
border: 1px solid green;
  vertical-align:top
}

add the alignment this should do the trick.

A: remove display: inline-block; and use float:left

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Vengeance | United States of America
Thriller| Comedy| Mystery
A journalist and podcaster from New York City travels to West Texas in order to report on the death of a girl he was hooking up with.
Naked Singularity (2021)
Naked Singularity | United States of America| United Kingdom
Drama| Crime
4.8 (2550 votes)
When a successful New York public defender loses his first case, his life begins to unravel.
Sample People (2000)
Sample People | Australia
4.2 (411 votes)
30,000.00$
Sample People is an upbeat dramatic thriller that follows four groups of Sydney-siders as they seek escape routes over one sweltering weekend. 'Len the dreamer' who stutters shyly just wants the gorgeous DJ Lush Puppy. Sem is a funky musician who has a premonition warning him that his girlfriend, Cleo, is in danger. He just wants to get them both out of their inner-city world. Andy is the charismatic drifter who's conned his way through life and stolen money from his boss, TT. He just wants to head up the coast with TT's girlfriend, Jess, but seems to be falling deeper into a love triangle of drugs and delusion. Finally, there's Joey, a TV affected homeboy, who reveals to his best friend Gus that he's got a gun and will use it sooner or later. The inevitable moment will arrive whin his violent gangster fantisies become reality. As the lives of our heroes become dramatically entwined, the consequences of their actions ricochet off each other.
Chiko (2008)
Chiko | Germany| Italy
This is the story of Isa, who grows up in a Hamburg suburb. It might be one of the world's richest cities but every beast has its belly and here, in the very underbelly, Chiko lives in a world where violence, staking and keeping a claim, and drug taking are the norm. Where down is not an option, Chiko is determined to rise to the top, whatever and whomever it costs.
Urban Justice (2007)
Urban Justice | United States of America
Action| Thriller| Crime
Seagal plays a man with a dark and violent past, who seeks revenge for the murder of his son.
Extreme Job (2019)
극한직업 | Korea
Action| Comedy
A drug squad attempts to take down a criminal organization and they must go undercover to do so, so they begin working at a chicken restaurant, that becomes famous for its delicious chicken. Due to the unexpected popularity, the detectives find themselves in a situation they never expected.
The Mule (2018)
The Mule | United States of America| Canada
Thriller| Drama| Mystery| Crime
Earl Stone, a man in his 80s is broke, alone, and facing foreclosure of his business when he is offered a job that simply requires him to drive. Easy enough, but, unbeknownst to Earl, he's just signed on as a drug courier for a Mexican cartel. He does well – so well, in fact, that his cargo increases exponentially, and Earl is assigned a handler. But he isn't the only one keeping tabs on Earl; the mysterious new drug mule has also hit the radar of hard-charging DEA agent Colin Bates.


New codes of practice state that people who refuse to put seriously fat pets on a diet could be prosecuted under the Animal Welfare Act, facing a fine of up to £20,000 or 12 months in jail. Proposed legislation fails to take into account the role of the pet food manufacturing industry, which sells junk food laden with unnecessary grains and sugars. Junk food causes obesity in pets.
The result of poor quality junk foods are just the same for pets as they are for humans. You end up with obese but malnourished individuals, prone to chronic illness and early death.
In the natural world, dogs and cats eat muscle meat, bones, organs, and only a small quantity of grains and vegetables. Pet food, however, typically contains snouts, feet, spleens, skin – inferior parts of animals that cannot go into the human food chain. Not wholefoods. The natural diet for dogs would consist of about 60%+ raw muscle meat, offal and bones, and the percentage would be even higher for cats. The balance in manufactured pet food does not match this criteria.
According to the PFMA web site, "Dogs and cats have no absolute dietary requirement for carbohydrates", but admits that cereals such as corn, rice, wheat, and barley are added to pet food. Some grains might be acceptable, although not necessary – but many pet foods are mostly grain-based. (2) The PFMA also admits that sugar is added to dog and cat food. (3) Dogs and cats have no dietary requirement for refined sugar.
Dr Michael Fox, formerly chief vet at the Humane Society, says: "Processed carbohydrates cause a periodic 'sugar rush' every time the dog or cat eats. This damages the liver and the pancreas, resulting in the conversion of sugar into body fat. The 'sugar rush' and insulin surge (until the pancreas becomes exhausted) make many dogs and cats constantly hungry, so they quickly become obese. Owners think their pets love the dry food because they always want to eat it.
If the government insists upon instigating legislation that penalises pet owners whilst ignoring the role of the multi-million pet food industry, it does a disservice to pets and their owners. It is targeting pet owners who have been misled by industry through massive advertising campaigns and veterinary misinformation.
The manufacturers of unhealthy foods for children are curtailed in their ability to propagandise their products to children. Canine Health Concern and its veterinary supporters suggest that the pet food industry needs such curtailment.


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31 January 2023 - 9 שבט 5783
Register | Recupero password
ITALICS Victim of Nazi massacre in Italy to be recognised, 76 years on
Pubblicato in Italian Word of the Week il 3 August 2020 - 13 מנחם אב 5780
By Jenni Frazer
Italy is finally to recognise the Jewish uncle of a British man as one of the Ardeantine massacre victims after years of futile campaigning by the family was brought to an end by local detective work and a scientific breakthrough.
The 1944 shooting of 335 civilians, personally authorised by Hitler, was one of the most notorious events in Italy's history.
In July, 76 years after his murder, the family of Heinz Erich Tuchmann, a 33-year-old German Jew, was finally given closure as his remains were identified thanks to a DNA sample from the British nephew he never knew, Jeremy Tuckman.
Around 70 of those killed in the Ardeantine caves, just outside Rome, were believed to be Jews.
Since 1944, the Italian authorities have worked hard to identify each of the victims. Only five remain unaccounted for; but now, thanks to the detective work of an Italian journalist, Michaela Mecocci, and the scient ific work of Italy's Department of the Fallen Soldier, it has been confirmed that Heinz Tuchmann was among the dead.
Jeremy Tuckman, who lives in Surrey, is Heinz's nephew, though they never met. Heinz was born in Dessau, Germany, in January 1911, to a wealthy Jewish family. His father, Otto, ran the Magdeburg branch of the successful family timber business, Tuchmann and Son. His mother, Gertrud, died two months after Heinz's birth.
In 1921 Otto remarried a British-born woman, Amy Adler. Together they had three children — Friedrich, or Fred, Jolla and Lily. But Otto died suddenly in 1930, and Heinz moved to Yugoslavia to work with his cousin Alfred in a forestry business.
In 1938 Heinz found love: he married a "beautiful and charming" girl, Hilde Rosy Jacobson. But the couple were deported from Zagreb to Italy in 1941. Hilde Rosy died in Auschwitz in 1944.
Because she had British nationality Amy Tuchmann was able to leave Germany with all her children in 1939. Fred joined the RAF and later became a successful management consultant and a Conservative MEP. He also, now known as Fred Tuckman, became president of the Anglo-Jewish Association.
In the late 1940s Amy and her son Fred discovered that Heinz had been shot at the Ardeantine Caves, and Jeremy Tuckman says that they were "devastated" at the news.
Fred Tuckman was very aware of the circumstances of his step-brother's death. Jeremy Tuckman said: "From a young age, my father always told me how his brother had been assassinated by the Nazis, and was deeply upset and frustrated that he could never get him formally recognised as a victim of the atrocity. He tried his whole life to get Heinz formally recognised as a victim, very sadly to no avail".
Fred Tuckman died in July 2017, aged 95.
Last year, a family friend visited the mausoleum where the remains of the victims of the massacre are kept. She told the Tuckman family that there was improved DNA testing and new identifications of victims in recent years.
Jeremy Tuckman approached the Italian authorities. During lockdown he sent off DNA swabs to Rome and settled in for "a nervous wait." On July 17 he received a call to confirm the DNA had given a positive result.
He told the JC: "I am in awe at the science that has given this outcome, over 76 years after my uncle's death.
"When we discovered that he had finally been formally identified after all these years, my immediate reaction was how pleased my father would have been, and the peace it now gives to our family".
In October the Tuckman family has been invited to a ceremony in Rome to honour Heinz Tuchmann and another recently identified victim, Marian Reicher, in the presence of the Italian president.
*The article was published in the Jewish Chronicle on July 31, 2020.
NEWS Italy Commemorates Nazi Massacre
NEWS Another victim of the Ardeatine massacre identified
NEWS "My father, a victim of the Ardeatine massacre. I finally know what his fate was"
ITALICS Germany to return Nazi-stolen painting Vase of Flowers to Italy
EVENTS Starred Chefs Celebrate Jewish Food and Traditions in Milan
Why We Fast: To Learn the Dangers of Jewish Division
A Debt to history: Libyan Jews and Italy's colonial legacy
banner PE international
Bechol Lashon
Italian Word of the Week
L'Unione Informa
Out of the Boot
Pilpul/Opinion


Dr. Holmberg is an orthopedic surgeon specializing in total joint replacement and reconstruction of the knee, hip and ankle as well as arthritis care, fracture care, ASC management, minimally invasive surgery, arthroscopic surgery and sports medicine.
Dr. Holmberg and his wife have a son and two daughters. He enjoys golfing, skiing and boating with his family.


The water damages specialist would be someone who has enough training and skill to make the necessary repairs. In other words, this would be a licensed contractor who has dealt with water damage in the past and knows how to handle most water damaging problems and situations. A water damage specialist would also be someone that could respond as soon as possible to handle any emergency situation.


text:
Q: MySQL login-path issues with clustercheck script used in xinetd default: on
# description: mysqlchk
service mysqlchk
{
# this is a config for xinetd, place it in /etc/xinetd.d/
        disable = no
        flags           = REUSE
        socket_type     = stream
        type            = UNLISTED
        port            = 9200
        wait            = no
        user            = root
        server          = /usr/bin/mysqlclustercheck
        log_on_failure  += USERID
        only_from       = 0.0.0.0/0
        #
        # Passing arguments to clustercheck
        # <user> <pass> <available_when_donor=0|1> <log_file> <available_when_readonly=0|1> <defaults_extra_file>"
        # Recommended: server_args   = user pass 1 /var/log/log-file 0 /etc/my.cnf.local"
        # Compatibility: server_args = user pass 1 /var/log/log-file 1 /etc/my.cnf.local"
        # 55-to-56 upgrade: server_args = user pass 1 /var/log/log-file 0 /etc/my.cnf.extra"
        #
        # recommended to put the IPs that need
        # to connect exclusively (security purposes)
        per_source      = UNLIMITED
}
 /etc/xinetd.d #

It is kind of strange that script works fine when run manually when it runs using /etc/xinetd.d/ , it is not working as expected.
In mysqlclustercheck script, instead of using --user= and passord= syntax, I am using --login-path= syntax
script runs fine when I run using command line but status for xinetd was showing signal 13. After debugging, I have found that even simple command like this is not working
mysql_config_editor print --all >>/tmp/test.txt

We don't see any output generated when it is run using xinetd ( mysqlclustercheck)

A: Have you tried the following instead of /usr/bin/mysqlclustercheck?
server = /usr/bin/clustercheck
I am wondering if you could test your binary location with the linux which command.

A: A long time ago since this question was asked, but it just came to my attention.
First of all as mentioned, Percona Cluster Control script is called clustercheck, so make sure you are using the correct name and correct path.
Secondly, since the server script runs fine from command line, it seems to me that the path of mysql client command is not known by the xinetd when it runs the  Cluster Control script.
Since the mysqlclustercheck script as it is offered from Percona, it uses only the binary name mysql without specifying the absolute path I suggest you do the following:
Find where mysql client command is located on your system:
ccloud@gal1:~> sudo -i
gal1:~ # which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
gal1:~ #

then edit script /usr/bin/mysqlclustercheck and in the following line:
MYSQL_CMDLINE="mysql --defaults-extra-file=$DEFAULTS_EXTRA_FILE -nNE --connect-timeout=$TIMEOUT \
place the exact path of mysql client command you found in the previous step.
I also see that you are not using MySQL connection credentials for connecting to MySQL server. mysqlclustercheck script as it is offered from Percona, it uses User/Password in order to connect to MySQL server.
So normally, you should execute the script in the command line like:
gal1:~ # /usr/sbin/clustercheck haproxy haproxyMySQLpass
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain

Where haproxy/haproxyMySQLpass is the MySQL connection user/pass for HAProxy monitoring user.
Additionally, you should specify them to your script's  xinetd settings like:
 server          = /usr/bin/mysqlclustercheck
 server_args     =  haproxy haproxyMySQLpass

Last but not least, the signal 13 you are getting is because you try to write something in a script run by xinetd. If for example in your mysqlclustercheck  you try to add a statement like
echo "debug message"

you probably going to see the broken pipe signal (13 in POSIX).
Finally, I had issues with this script using SLES 12.3 and I finally manage to run it not as 'nobody' but as 'root'.
Hope it helps


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Justice Una Ni Raifeartaigh
Court rules section of Road Traffic Act on fixed charge notices is unconstitutional
Mary Carolan
A High Court judge has concluded that a section of the Road Traffic Act concerning fixed charge notices is unconstitutional. The section prevented a(...)
Court says State should make 'reasonable efforts' to find bilingual judge
The High Court has ruled the State has a constitutional duty to make "reasonable efforts" to assign a bilingual judge in a criminal trial as requested(...)
Grandfather (75) jailed for rape may not have been fit for trial, court told
A 75-year-old man jailed for raping his granddaughter is to be assessed to determine whether he was fit to be tried at the time of his trial more than(...)
Denis O'Brien loses Supreme Court appeal over Dáil statements on his banking
The Supreme Court has unanimously dismissed Denis O'Brien's appeal over statements made by two TDs in the Dáil about his banking affairs. Any interfe(...)
Travel agent fails to prevent Ryanair 'screen-scraping' suit
An online travel agent in Romania has lost a pre-trial bid to prevent Ryanair suing it in the courts here over alleged "screen-scraping" of informatio(...)
Abducted by a parent: Heartbreaking cases of the Hague Convention
Colm Keena
The handover of the little boy was to happen beside Santa's grotto in Jervis Shopping Centre in Dublin at 5.30pm. The father was to have two hours un(...)
Bank entitled to ask receiver to take possession of Diep Le Shaker
A bank was entitled to appoint a receiver to take possession of the Diep Le Shaker restaurant on Dublin's Pembroke Lane over default on a €1.16 millio(...)
Judgment reserved in ICA elections case
A judge has reserved judgment on proceedings brought over the conduct of elections for the national executive of the Irish Country Women's Association(...)
Mediation fails to resolve Irish Country Women's Association row
A legal action over the conduct of elections for the Irish Country Women's Association's national executive has been fixed for hearing next week after(...)
Consultants set for €200m back pay after contract cases settled
Hospital consultant doctors are to get a pay increase following the settlement of their breach of contract claims against the Health Service Executive(...)


Pets are often treated as members of the family and owners rightly want to be sure they receive excellent medical treatment.
Horse owners and farmers also want to ensure their animals are receiving the best possible veterinary care.
Our regulatory function means that users of veterinary services can be assured that their veterinary surgeon or registered veterinary nurse is properly qualified and fit to practise.
We can also offer reassurance that those practice premises which we accredit as part of our Practice Standards Scheme meet stringent standards.
The RCVS Practice Standards Scheme (PSS) is a voluntary initiative to accredit veterinary practices in the UK.
Through setting standards and carrying out regular assessments, the Scheme aims to promote and maintain the highest standards of veterinary care.
To become accredited, practices volunteer for rigorous assessment every four years and will have met a range of minimum standards including hygiene, 24-hour emergency cover, staff training, certain types of equipment and cost estimation procedures.
Practices are also subject to spot-checks between assessments.
RCVS accreditation is not to be confused with a practice being included in the RCVS Register of Veterinary Practice Premises (RVPP).
We hold the RVPP on behalf of the Veterinary Medicines Directorate, and only veterinary surgeons working from registered premises can supply veterinary medicines.
On top of the accreditations practices can now apply for awards, further information can be found on the Practice Standards awards page.
For peace of mind, look for the RCVS accredited practice logo, which indicates that the practice has passed an independent assessment.
This means high standards of care for animals and peace of mind for animal owners.
The logo was updated in 2011 (pictured left below), however you may see our old logo (pictured right below) in use as well.
Currently, around 65% of the UK's practice premises are accredited under the Scheme, and this number continues to rise.
To check if a practice is accredited or has gained an Award, use our Find a Vet service.


LOS ANGELES, July 23, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- ImmunoCellular Therapeutics, Ltd. ("ImmunoCellular") (NYSE MKT: IMUC) today announced that it plans to report financial results for the second quarter 2015 on Thursday, August 6, 2015. The Company also plans to hold a conference call and webcast on that day at 5:00 pm ET to discuss the second quarter 2015 financial results and provide a business update. The call will be hosted by Andrew Gengos, President and CEO.
(877) 853-5636 (toll-free); international dial-in: (631) 291-4544; conference code 79781010.
Interested parties who wish to listen to the webcast should visit the Investor Relations section of ImmunoCellular's website at www.imuc.com, under the Events and Presentations tab. A replay of the webcast will be available one hour after the conclusion of the event.
The conference call will contain forward-looking statements. The information provided on the teleconference is accurate only at the time of the conference call, and ImmunoCellular will take no responsibility for providing updated information except as required by law.
ImmunoCellular Therapeutics, Ltd. is a Los Angeles-based clinical-stage company that is developing immune-based therapies for the treatment of brain and other cancers. ImmunoCellular has concluded a Phase 2 trial of its lead product candidate, ICT-107, a dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy targeting multiple stem cell-associated antigens for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. ImmunoCellular's pipeline also includes: ICT-121, a DC immunotherapy targeting the CD133 stem cell-antigen in recurrent glioblastoma; ICT-140, a DC immunotherapy targeting stem cell-associated antigens for ovarian cancer; and the Stem-to-T cell research program which engineers the patient's hematopoietic stem cells to generate antigen-specific cancer-killing T cells. To learn more about ImmunoCellular, please visit www.imuc.com.


Bronson makes it easy for physicians to transfer, admit and/or request a consult. One call does it all (800) BRONSON or (800) 276-6766. An experienced nurse answers the phone 24 hours a day/7 days a week.
Fax demographic/face sheet with insurance information to (269) 341-8037.
Call Bronson First℠ at (800) BRONSON or (800) 276-6766 for a patient update.


text:
3 Stocks to Buy and Hold for the Next 50 Years
What do streaming video, e-commerce, and insurance have in common? They can be held for the long term.
Danny Vena, Jeremy Bowman, and Jordan Wathen
It almost seems foolhardy to talk about holding a stock for 50 years. There are so many things that can happen to derail a company on a given day or week, let alone five decades into the future.
There are, however, numerous criteria an investor can use to increase the chances that a stock will be a winner half a century from now. A revolutionary service with staying power, tapping into a growing demographic or societal trend, or a decades-long track record can all increase the odds that a company will still be in your portfolio come 2068.
With that in mind, we asked three Motley Fool investors to choose companies they believed could stand the test of time. They offered convincing arguments for Netflix, Inc. (NASDAQ:NFLX), Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN), and Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE:BRK.A) (NYSE:BRK.B).
This revolution will be televised
Jeremy Bowman (Netflix): Fifty years is a long way to see into the future, but one company that looks poised to have a dominant position in a huge industry, and therefore reward investors is Netflix. Coming off a quarter with record subscriber additions, Netflix is growing faster than ever, poaching top talent, and ramping up spending. The streaming race may be heating up as Disney and others come into the fold, but Netflix keeps just moving further ahead. With the company set to release 80 original movies and dozens of seasons of TV shows, the service continues to offer incredible value for subscribers at a price of just $11 per month.
There's plenty of room for Netflix to grow in the future as well. In 2015, CEO Reed Hastings predicted that internet TV would rise every year for the next 20 years, while linear TV would decline, a prediction that looks more accurate with each passing year. Even though Netflix now has 117 million subscribers around the world, it could still triple its subscriber base, and beyond video streaming, it could have opportunities by branching out into movie theaters and live sports.
Investors concerned about Netflix's valuation should be aware that the company's profit margins are rapidly increasing and that management sees free cash flow eventually turning positive as content spending plateaus.
There's no question that video streaming will be a huge industry as movies and TV are popular around the world, and the technology allowing streaming is still advancing. If Netflix can continue to lead the field, the stock is sure to be a winner over the next 50 years.
4 explosive trends
Danny Vena (Amazon): If you're looking to tap into the biggest trends around, let's talk e-commerce, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and streaming video. There's only one company that holds a dominant position in each one -- and that's Amazon.com.
While Amazon didn't invent the concept of e-commerce, it has certainly become synonymous with online shopping. Last year may have been a watershed moment for the company, however, as it nabbed an estimated 44% of all e-commerce sales in the U.S. and a mind-boggling 4% of all retail sales, according to a study by One Click Retail. That generated product sales of $119 billion.
Online retail isn't the only area that Amazon dominates. The company began leasing unused space on its servers in 2006 and the cloud computing revolution was born. Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the undisputed leader in the field and now accounts for 10% of Amazon's revenue and all of its operating income for 2017, producing $17.5 billion in revenue, up 43% year over year.
Amazon has been working in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) for more than five years. The Echo smart speaker and its voice-activated digital assistant Alexa are the fruits of that labor. This is another area that Amazon pioneered, and it's still the top dog, controlling an estimated 69% of the smart speaker market. This isn't just a novelty, either. Research shows that Echo owners spend 66% more than the average customer, so Alexa and company provide Amazon with a significant competitive advantage.
Netflix, Inc. (NASDAQ:NFLX) is the leader in streaming video, but Amazon provides the company's only serious competition to date. An estimated 61% of streaming video customers surveyed subscribe to Netflix, while 36% use Amazon Prime Video, according to a report by Hub Research.
As the only company with a significant presence in each of these growing trends, investors should feel confident in Amazon's stock for the next 50 years.
A stock you can own with confidence
Jordan Wathen (Berkshire Hathaway): If there is any business likely to be around a half-century from today, Berkshire Hathaway is certainly it. It's a combination of four incredible businesses -- insurers, utilities, manufacturers, and one of the world's largest railroads -- that should continue to throw off billions of dollars in cash each year for a very long time to come.
To be sure, the next 50 years for Berkshire won't be anything quite like the last 50 years. It's simply grown too large to beat the market by a wide margin, as CEO Warren Buffett has struggled to put capital to work as quickly as it's coming in the door. Barring a very deep downturn that would allow Berkshire Hathaway to make investments at bargain prices, I suspect we're only a few years away from its first dividend.
Image source: The Motley Fool.
Most importantly, the culture and incentive structures Buffett and Charlie Munger have cultivated over the years are unlikely to change. GEICO's underwriters will still be incentivized to focus on profitability over the long haul, not the next quarter. Greg Abel and Walter Scott will still own a small piece of Berkshire Hathaway Energy, giving them incentive to take the long view. Its portfolio managers will still stand to make more money when they beat the S&P 500.
Stated simply, Berkshire Hathaway is a combination of safer-than-average businesses managed by people who are much better aligned with shareholders than the average public company. It's a company that you could easily buy and hold for 50 years, and sleep well at night holding it.
Berkshire Hathaway (A shares)
NYSE:BRK.A
Berkshire Hathaway (B shares)
NYSE:BRK.B
Netflix: Why Its Content Strategy Will Work in the Long Term
The Other Number I'll Be Watching When Netflix Reports Earnings
3 Entertainment Industry Earnings Reports to Watch This Season
Proof Consumers Can Handle More Streaming Video Subscriptions
3 Stocks to Buy and Hold for the Next 50 Years @themotleyfool #stocks $NFLX $AMZN $BRK.A $BRK.B Next Article


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AS a result of the recent glorious sunshine the operators of the Crinan Canal are now taking measures to ensure that water resources are conserved on the canal to enable operations to continue as smoothly as possible.
"We have had to undertake some restrictions to ensure we can conserve water and remain open with some limitations," said Donna Mallan, Scottish Canals, customer operations manager.
Those wanting to transit the canal can find further information regarding the restrictions at Scottish Canals , which will be regularly updated if circumstances regarding canal usage change.


You are encouraged to bring only essential items to the hospital; valuables should be left at home. You are requested to take care of belongings while you are here, the hospital is not responsible for lost or stolen items. For international patients, a cash deposit facility is available at central cashier for excess money, for safe keep.
Flowers and outside eatables are not allowed in the hospital.
Children below 12 years of age are not encouraged as visitor in the hospital without special permission.
Only one attendant is allowed to stay with patient in deluxe / single / twin sharing room, one attendant and one visitor pass shall be issued at the time of admission for ward admission. For patients in Critical Care Departments, such as ICU, only one attendant pass shall be provided.
Hospital falls under no-smoking zone hence smoking is strictly prohibited in the premises of Jaypee Hospital.


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text:
Patriots: It's another rout
It's another explosive performance for Brady and New England.
ORCHARD PARK, N.Y. — The New England Patriots were unstoppable again, making an unbeaten season seem almost inevitable.
Scoring touchdowns on their first seven offensive possessions and getting the eighth on a turnover, the Patriots won their 10th straight game, routing Buffalo 56-10 last night. Tom Brady and Randy Moss, themselves ready to rewrite the NFL record books, led the romp.
Brady was 31-of-39 for 373 yards with five TD passes, four to Moss, as New England became the 10th team since 1970 to start a season 10-0. The way they played, they appear unbeatable, and barring injury are an excellent bet to become the NFL's first perfect team since the 1972 Miami Dolphins.
It was the ninth time in 10 games New England won by more than 17 points and the ninth time it scored more than 34 points. The Patriots did it coming off a bye week after their only close game of the season, a 24-20 win in Indianapolis in which they came back from 10 points down with less than 10 minutes left.
They also did it against a Buffalo team that came in 5-4 with four straight wins.
Brady, who has yet to throw fewer than three touchdown passes in a game, increased his TD passes to 38, just 11 short of Peyton Manning's single-season record, set in 2004. Moss' four TD catches gave him 16 for the season, six short of the record set by Jerry Rice in 1987.
"They are magnificent. They really are," said Buffalo president Marv Levy, who coached the Jim Kelly-led Bills that went to four Super Bowls between 1990-93 and, at the time, set the standard for offensive excellence.
On New England's last two TD drives, it went on fourth down as the Buffalo crowd shouted obscenities clearly aimed at New England coach Bill Belichick.
After the first week of the season, Belichick was fined $500,000 after illegal tapes of the New York Jets' defense were confiscated by the NFL. The team was fined $250,000 and will forfeit a first-round draft pick.
Since then, Belichick seems on a mission to demonstrate his team has no need to break the rules, several times seeming to run up the score.
He finally took out Brady with just under 11 minutes left in this game. Perhaps because of the affection he expressed before the game for Buffalo coach Dick Jauron, he declined to go for a fourth-and-inches from the Buffalo 30 with 3:56 seconds left, choosing to punt instead.
As with most New England games in 2007, this was no contest from the start after Randall Gay intercepted J.P. Losman's pass on the fourth play from scrimmage to set up a 6-yard TD run by Laurence Maroney.
By halftime it was 35-7 on TD passes of 43, 16, 6 and 17 yards to Moss.
The game was over at halftime, perhaps even before that, as the Patriots had a 35-7 lead at the break, scoring on their first five possessions. Tom Brady finished the game 31-of-39 for 373 yards and had five more TD passes - four of them to Randy Moss. The Patriots are now 10-0; next up are the Eagles.
Key to the game


Life in the Pitts: I could snap at any moment.
You're a better person than I am. I have very little patience when people call me stupid. It ticks me off.
Where do you work that you know the code of the American flag so well?
"you're having a tough day? i was in korea! i'm havin' a tough life!" -dane cook.
that came to my mind. i don't know. it's kinda about a vet. haha.
but way to go not calling out the old dude!
I work for the National flag Foundation. We actually interpret the flag code, so I should be used to this. Veterans can get really mean when they realize that their version of the flag code isn't actually the law.
I would have said the senile part. Seriously. But then I usually say things I shouldn't. Whoopsy.
I work for the Veteran's Hospital and let's just be real here. They can get mean over a lot of things. They can also be extraordinarily cute sometimes, too.
I am so freaking professional, I didn't even drop my nice voice.
...I'm kind of ashamed of that.
If he'd called me stupid, the "sufficient lighting" might've come from the fire he'd be on from the flamethrowers coming from my eyes.
It's bad enough when people ACT like they think you're stupid...but saying it aloud? Holy.freaking.cow.
People think they earn the right to say nasty things to others. Good for you for keeping it professional. In the long run you'll appreciate that about yourself!
Seriously? "Yes it does, stupid?"
Dude gives a bad name to the respect your elders thing, I guess.
WOW!! I guess Veteran's Day was a rough one for him. He wants things done right and how he wants them. You no nothing :) Totally stinks--stick ur finger up his nose for sure.
He only wanted what he saw as respect for the flag. A respect he probably fought for at some point in his life. A flag to him, is sacred. And although I love your blog, on this, I dont agree. We need to respect these people, they are what we stand on. So maybe he wasnt technically correct, to him, respecting the flag is what it was about, not proving you right or wrong. Sorry, I usually love what you write. On this we will disagree though. Great thing about America right!?
He lost my respect when he called me stupid. I'm used to veterans being upset when they realize how vague the flag code actually is. However, I most of them have enough class not to start attacking me. That is not ok.
Ugh, I have a noisy, judgmental neighbor just like that. He's retired and has nothing better to do that criticize everything we do. From how long our grass is, to how short I cut my hair.


text: Q: Does Darth Vader's punishing grip star card, make his choke do more damage? Darth Vader has a star card called Punishing Grip.  It increases the length of his choke based on the level you've upgraded the card to.  This is useful for dropping enemies off cliffs, but does it increase the amount of damage it does, or does it do the same amount of damage, except over time?


WWW Lounge completing the renewal with new speakers will be renamed "β" and launch in Aug on the theme "Club Alternative" as the deepest part of WWW spinning a variety of the contemporary sounds. The detail of each event will follow later.
WWWβ is an extended place programing mainly contemporary Electronic / Dance Music / Hip Hop at WWW and WWW X, Live / Club venues in Shibuya Tokyo, spinning a variety of the sounds on the theme "Club Alternative".


text:
Benjamin Pollock's Toyshop
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text:
Архиепи́скоп Христофо́р (, , в миру Соти́рий Ки́си, , ; первая пол. 1880-х, Белиград, вилайет Янина, Османская империя — 17 июня 1958, Албания) — епископ Албанской православной церкви, архиепископ Тиранский и всея Албании.

Биография
Родился в первой половине 1880-х годов (называются даты с 1881 по 1885) близ Белиграда Арнаутского в Янинском вилайете Османской империи (ныне Берат, Албания), по национальности албанец.

В 1908 году окончил Богословскую школу на острове Халки. По выпуске был определён преподавателем в гимназию Йована Банги в Корче.

Перед Балканскими войнами вернулся в Константинополь. По некоторым данным, в 1911 году был назначен проповедником в церкви Святой Марии в районе Бейоглу. Служил священником в клире Константинопольской Православной Церкви.

В 1916 году принял монашество и 2 ноября 1917 года был рукоположён во епископа Синадского, викария Деркской митрополии.

В августе 1923 года был послан в Албанию для преодоления нестроений в церковной жизни, где вошёл в состав обособившейся Албанской православной церкви, и 18 ноября того же года принял титул митрополита Бератского.

По просьбе Албанского Временного высшего верховного церковного совета совместно с епископом Мелитопольским Иерофеем (Яхтопулосом) 21 ноября 1923 года в соборе во имя великомученика Георгия в Корче хиротонисал архимандрита Феофана (Ноли) во епископа Дурресского с возведением в сан митрополита и принятием титула Примаса всей Албании.

В 1926 году участвовал в сорокадневных переговорах между представителями Константинопольского Патриархата и Албанской православной церкви, имевших цель урегулировать каноническое положение Албанской Церкви, в результате которых был составлен «Проект соглашения», по которому Албанская православная церковь становилась автономной церковью в составе Константинопольского патрирхата.

Албанские церковные деятели, однако, не считали дело завершённым и стремились к полной самостоятельности, которую объявили, при поддержке светской власти, в 1929 году. Не желая принимать участия в антиканонических деяниях, епископ Христофор удалился в монастырь. Вскоре непризнание прочими православными поместными Церквами самопровозглашённой автокефалии, усиленная римо-католическая пропаганда и недоброжелательное отношение к Православию правительства Ахмета Зогу поставили Албанскую Церковь в трудные условия. Были возобновлены переговоры с Константинополем, по условиям которых архиепископ Виссарион (Джувани) в мае 1936 года ушёл с поста предстоятеля Албанской Церкви, а в апреле 1937 года албанскую церковную делегацию в Константинополь возглавил епископ Христофор. После переговоров 12 апреля того же года патриарх Константинопольским Вениамин I Синодальным томосом даровал Албанской Церкви автокефалию. Епископ Синадский Христофор становился её предстоятелем с титулом архиепископа Тиранского и всей Албании.

Руководил Албанской Церковью в период её предвоенного становления и распространения на часть канонической территории Сербской Церкви в ходе Второй мировой войны. В 1942 году, несмотря на давление итальянцев, отказался внедрить в структуру Албанской Православной Церкви униатских епископов. Председательствовал на Соборе Албанской православной церкви в конце мая 1943 года в Тиране.

После включения Албании в советскую сферу влияния по итогам войны, несколько лет оставался единственным в стране православным архиереем старого поставления, находившимся на свободе. Вскоре после того как богоборческие власти сочли возможным заменить его, в 1948 году был арестован. 25 августа 1949 года Священный Синод Албанской православной церкви, по требованию светских властей, уволил архиепископа Христофора на покой.

Будучи изолированным, проживал в храме святого Прокопия до кончины, которая последовала при подозрительных обстоятельствах 17 июня 1958 года.

Примечания

Литература
 Шкаровский М. В. Албанская Православная Церковь в годы Второй мировой войны // Вестник ПСТГУ. II: История. История Русской Православной Церкви, 2007. — Вып. 3 (24). — С. 132—140.
 Tadeusz Czekalski. Zarys dziejów chrześcijaństwa albańskiego w latach 1912—1996. — Kraków: 1996. — ISBN 83-85527-40-0.

Ссылки
 Fortlumturia e Tij Kryepeshkop Kristofor Kissi [1908 - 1958]

Выпускники Халкинской богословской школы
Предстоятели Албанской православной церкви
Епископы Константинопольской православной церкви

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Used by healthcare providers of all sizes, RMail is more than just a HIPAA-compliant email encryption solution.
Healthcare providers are focused on providing high quality care to their patients. Yet, they are also required to protect their patient's protected health information (PHI) by laws such as HIPAA.
RMail gives healthcare providers a simple way to extend their existing email systems, enabling privacy compliance and adding time and cost-saving services such as electronic signatures, legal proof of delivery, large file transfer, and more.
As with any maturing technology, the novelty and mystery of email encryption has basically worn off. Encryption's usefulness to maintaining data privacy is widely understood, and the general public increasingly demands its use to protect personal privacy. With encryption technology reaching a point of parity between top providers as far as "security" is concerned, what are other important considerations for healthcare professionals?
RMail is the only encryption provider that allows true direct delivery of encrypted content to the recipient's inbox in an encrypted PDF wrapper, so recipients won't need to register or log in to a separate website to access their secure messages. This means less time spent showing patients how to access their secure messages, eliminating a common source of frustration that leads employ to circumvent other encryption systems.
On top of that, multiple configurable password options and an auto TLS setting (transport layer security) make it easy for healthcare professionals to ensure privacy compliance.
Affords the convenience of using email for confidential correspondence with patients, insurance companies, or other healthcare providers — while mitigating the risks.
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2 XXLQE Jelly Bean Un- root Samsung Galaxy S Advance I9070 on Android 4. Versions d' Android Update pour les mises à jour Samsung Nouvelles Android, mises à niveau et pilotes Tech News, rumeurs, Kies et OS pour vos appareils Mises à jour du micrologiciel, avis sur les appareils mobiles et avis sur les applications Dernier téléchargeur de version de mise à jour téléphonique Astuces, astuces et tutoriels Android Mises à jour logicielles pilotes et autres. Head over to the list below and pick your Android device.
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If your child is reticent to read, there are ways to make reading a fun and rewarding experience that can introduce them to a wonderful new world. Reading carries so many benefits that make it a skill that every child should hone. When your child is an effective reader, all those high school and college texts won't pose a problem and they will be able to spend less time studying. Any book they read will add something to their knowledge base, and improve vocabulary and communication skills as well as reading comprehension.
Reading to your children is one of the best ways to instill in them a love of literature. Reading every day for bedtime or story time when they are younger is a great start. Read campfire stories when you go on vacation, read scary stories by candlelight and listen to books on tape when you take road trips.
You can let them do the reading when they get older. Ask them to read the news to you, read recipes when you are cooking together and instructions when you are building new things or playing board games.
Many children associate reading with schoolwork and don't want to spend their free time on academic tasks. You can overcome this perception by finding other forms of literature that they will enjoy. Don't be opposed to buying comics, anime, manga or magazines that they are interested in. Always ensure that the books are age-appropriate.
Get an electronic reader or a tablet for technically-minded students and get them to read blogs and books that they like online. Select books that mirror your child's interests. For example, if you have a child who is soccer-crazy, get them literature on the World Cup and on their favorite soccer players.
Make charts or graphs which track the number of books your children read. You can offer rewards for goals reached so that they are motivated to continue reading. The library can be a fascinating place and when students get to select their own books, they may be more likely to read them. Make your library a regular destination, especially over the summer vacation when they offer story times and other free activities that are fun.
Talk about the books that your child is reading. Ask lots of questions and ask them what they think about the characters, the choices they made and how they would have handled a similar situation. Showing your interest may encourage them to think of books in a more positive light.
If your child is too busy, they won't read. Ensure that you make time every week for reading to show that it is just as important as other after-school activities. You should also lead by example so read books as well and take time to read together in the park, in your garden or even on the living room floor.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The analysis, the prediction and the control of critical traffic situations are important aspects of the modern world. In fact, with the increase of the number of circulating vehicles the risk of accidents is considerably increased. See the recent report~\cite{WHO}. Therefore, the necessity of forecasting e.g. the evolution of the flow as well as of the potential risks has arisen. These problems have motivated research both in the mathematical and in the engineering literature.

From the mathematical point of view, the analysis of traffic critical situations is carried out by means of mathematical models at different scales. Microscopic, macroscopic and kinetic simulations provide useful tools to study e.g. the links among traffic volumes and safety issues as well as the creation of shock or stop-and-go waves, which represent typical effects of instabilities and thus of potential risks in the flow. See e.g.~\cite{MoutariHertyEtAl,MoutariHerty,FregugliaTosin17}

In contrast, engineering studies on the risk levels in traffic flow are mainly based on a-posteriori descriptions of collected real data on roads. In this field experimental measurements are used to study the evolution of the safety indicators related to traffic. See e.g.~\cite{MinderhoudBovy,KuangEtAl,KuangQuYan,WangEtAl} Among these we recall the Headway Distribution, the Time-To-Collision or the Aggregated Crash Index.

In this paper we are aimed to take into account an intrinsic characteristic of traffic flow which is however usually neglected in the study of risk levels: the lane changing. We will focus in particular on the Time-To-Collision metric and we generalize the definition also for the direction orthogonal to the flow of vehicles. The Time-To-Collision indicator is defined as the remaining time until a collision between two vehicles would have occurred. For each pair of interacting vehicle, the complete formulation of the Time-To-Collision is given by
\begin{equation} \label{eq:extendedTTC}
	\text{TTC} =
				 \begin{cases}
					- \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta v}, & \text{if $\Delta v < 0$, $\Delta a = 0$}\\[2ex]
					- \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta a} - \frac{\sqrt{\Delta v^2 - 2 \Delta x \Delta a}}{\Delta a}, & \text{if $\Delta v<0$, $\Delta a \neq 0$}\\[2ex]
					- \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta a} + \frac{\sqrt{\Delta v^2 - 2 \Delta x \Delta a}}{\Delta a}, & \text{if $\Delta v \geq 0$, $\Delta a < 0$}\\[2ex]
					+\infty, & \text{otherwise}.
				 \end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $\Delta x$, $\Delta v$ and $\Delta a$ are the relative distance, speed and acceleration of the two vehicles. Here, we will study also the lateral safety by comparing it with the classical notion of the Time-To-Collision indicator concerning only the longitudinal driving tasks. The aim is to understand which direction of traffic flow influences mainly the safety level of a multi-lane road. This will be therefore an a-posteriori analysis based on experimental data collected on a German highway. At the same time we will give a macroscopic approximation of the Time-To-Collision indicator in order to show a link among the risk metric and the evolution in time of traffic volumes, giving also a hint on how macroscopic equations can be used for real-time predictions of safety measures.

In detail the paper is organized as follows. In Section~\ref{sec:dataset} we describe the German data-set recovering, from the microscopic quantities, the macroscopic data which lead to the fundamental diagrams of traffic. In Section~\ref{sec:TTC} we define the meaning of a car-following scenario on a multi-lane road and we define the Time-To-Collision risk indicators for the two directions of the flow. We further give a macroscopic approximation of the risk metric. In Section~\ref{sec:simulations} we show the analysis of the risk levels on the German highway comparing the result obtained by considering separately the flow along the road and across the lanes. Finally, we end in Section~\ref{sec:outlook} summarizing the result of the paper and giving an outlook for future research.

\section{Experimental data collection} \label{sec:dataset}

In this paper we consider a set of experimental data recorded on a German highway. We have two-dimensional trajectory data collected on a $80$~meters stretch of the westbound direction of the A3~highway near Aschaffenburg. Laser scanners detect the two-dimensional positions $P_i(t) = \left(x_i(t),y_i(t)\right)$ of each vehicle $i$ at time $t$ on the road segment with a temporal resolution of $0.2$~seconds for a total time of approximately $20$~minutes. Here the position $x$ is in driving direction, the position $y$ is across lanes. During the time observation, the laser scanners record the trajectories of $1290$~vehicles.

The road section consists of three lanes and an outgoing ramp. However, we only consider the stretch as if there is no ramp. In fact, the data show that the flow on the ramp does not influence the traffic conditions, namely the amount of traffic on the ramp is not significant. Taking into account only the three main lanes, the road width is $12$~meters.

The microscopic velocities of vehicles are recovered by the knowledge of their positions $P_i(t) = \left(x_i(t),y_i(t)\right)$ at each time. Since the road section is relatively short, we compute the velocity, both in $x$- and $y$-direction, of each vehicle by using a linear approximation in the least squares sense of $x_i(t)$ and $y_i(t)$, respectively. In other words we assume that the vehicle velocity is constant during the crossing of the road section and is exactly the slope of the linear fit. The maximum detected speed in $x$-direction is about $120$ kilometer per hour which means about $2.7$~seconds to travel the $80$~meters of the road section. Instead, the maximum detected speed in $y$-direction is about $2$ kilometer per hour which means about $21.6$~seconds to travel the road section from a side to the other side.

The time-dependent microscopic positions and the microscopic velocities of vehicles can be used to compute the macroscopic quantities, namely the \emph{density} (measured as number of vehicles per kilometer), the \emph{flux} (measured as number of vehicles per hour) and the \emph{mean speed} (measured as kilometer per hour) of the flow. We refer to~\cite{HmFaVg} for a detailed description, where we derived the macroscopic data for each direction of the flow, separately.

The diagrams showing the relations between the vehicle density $\rho$ and the fluxes or the mean speeds in the two possible directions are called \emph{fundamental diagrams} and \emph{speed-density diagrams}, respectively. They represent the basic tools for the analysis of traffic problems operating in a homogeneous \emph{steady state} or \emph{equilibrium} conditions.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{FitFluxDensityX}
	\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{FitSpeedDensityX}
	\\
	\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{FitFluxDensityY}
	\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{FitSpeedDensityY}
	\caption{Experimental diagrams from the A3 German highway. Top: flux-density (left) and speed-density (right) diagrams in $x$-direction. Bottom: flux-density (left) and speed-density (right) diagrams in $y$-direction.\label{fig:experimentalFD}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Figure~\ref{fig:experimentalFD} we show the fundamental diagrams and the speed-density diagrams resulting from the German data-set. The diagrams are obtained by computing the macroscopic quantities each $1$~second and then aggregating the data over a time period of $60$~seconds. The data-set provides several levels of congestion but we never observe bumper-to-bumper conditions. In fact, the maximum density is about $70$~vehicles per kilometer. The red solid lines in each panel of Figure~\ref{fig:experimentalFD} show the best data-fit obtained by solving a constrained minimization problem. See~\cite{HmFaVg} for further details.

Notice that the flux and the speed in $y$-direction have positive and negative values since across the lanes vehicles are free to travel in the two directions, towards right and left. Precisely, we assume that positive speeds represent the motion towards the leftmost lane, instead negative speeds represent the motion towards the rightmost lane. The values of the flux and of the mean speed in $y$-direction are about $10^3$ smaller than the values in $x$-direction. This is obvious since the velocity of vehicles along the road is higher then the lateral velocity and thus this latter is not dominant with respect the other speed. In other words, we are looking at two behaviors occurring at different scales. But this does not mean that the behavior in $y$-direction can be neglected and that the flow across the lanes does not influence the safety. In fact, an analysis of the trajectories shows that about the $15\%$ of the total vehicles crosses a lane while traveling the road section. See Figure~\ref{fig:Trajectories}.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
	\vspace{-0.31cm}
	\includegraphics[width=8.4cm]{TrajectoryPlot}\vspace{-1.5cm}
	\caption{Two-dimensional trajectories extrapolated from the German data-set. In red we show the trajectories of vehicles crossing a lane while traveling.\label{fig:Trajectories}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Risk analysis on a multi-lane road} \label{sec:TTC}

Several metrics were introduced in order to study risk levels in traffic flow scenarios. Among them, here we will consider the so-called \emph{Time-To-Collision} (TTC) metric. The TTC can be defined as the remaining time until a collision between two vehicles would have occurred, see~\cite{Hayward}. The notion of TTC represents the most used indicator in the analysis of safety measures for traffic.

In the literature, the TTC metric is usually used by considering one-dimensional car-following scenarios and thus it is computed by looking at only the positions along the road, as well as the velocities in $x$-direction, of the two interacting vehicles. Here, instead, we are aimed at studying the risk levels on a multi-lane highway, thus using two-dimensional microscopic data. Therefore, we firstly need to define the concept of a car-following interaction in two-space dimensions and we use the same approach introduced in~\cite{HmMsVg}.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=8.4cm]{FigForj}
	\caption{Choice of the interacting car in the case $v_i>0$. The interacting vehicle will be car $2$, namely the nearest vehicle in the driving direction of vehicle $i$.\label{fig:2D:ChoiceOfj}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

We assume that there is no particular order among vehicles on the road. We just label them. From now on, let $u_i$ and $v_i$ be the speeds in $x$-direction and $y$-direction, respectively, of car $i$. For each vehicle $i$, the interacting car $j(i)$ is determined by the following map
\begin{equation} \label{eq:FieldCar}
i \mapsto j(i) = \argmin_{\substack{h=1,\dots,N \\ v_i \sin\theta_h > 0 \\ \theta_h\in\left[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\right]}} \norm{P_h-P_i}_2.
\end{equation}
This choice is motivated as follows, see also Figure~\ref{fig:2D:ChoiceOfj}. Assume that each test vehicle $i$ defines a coordinate system in which the origin is its right rear corner if $v_i\geq 0$ and its left rear corner if $v_i<0$. We are indeed dividing the road in four areas. Let $\theta_h$ be the angle between the $x$-axis (in the car coordinate system) and the position vector $Q_h$ of vehicle $h$. Then the request $\theta_h\in\left[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\right]$ allows to consider only cars being in front of vehicle $i$. Instead, the request $v_i\sin\theta_h>0$ allows to consider only cars in the driving direction of vehicle $i$. Among all these vehicles we choose the nearest one. Therefore, map~\eqref{eq:FieldCar} can be rewritten as
\begin{equation} \label{eq:FieldCar2}
i \mapsto j(i) = \argmin_{\substack{h=1,\dots,N \\ v_i (y_h - y_i)>0 \\ x_h > x_i}} \norm{P_h-P_i}_2.
\end{equation}

\subsection{Time-To-Collision and Individual Risk} \label{sec:TTCandIR}

Map~\eqref{eq:FieldCar2} allows us to define the car-following scenarios on a two-dimensional road section for each observation time. Here, we are interested in generalizing the TTC metric~\eqref{eq:extendedTTC} for car $i$ in each direction of the flow by looking at the same interacting vehicle $j(i)$. However, since in Section~\ref{sec:dataset} we have described the trajectory of all vehicles with a linear function approximating the time positions in the least-square sense, the acceleration is supposed to be zero. Therefore, we consider a simplified version for the TTC and along with the classical definition of the TTC in $x$-direction
\begin{equation} \label{eq:xTTC}
	\text{TTC}_i^x(t) =
	 \begin{cases}
	 - \frac{x_{j(i)}-x_i}{u_{j(i)}-u_i}, & \text{if $u_i < u_{j(i)}$}\\[2ex]
	 +\infty, & \text{otherwise},
	 \end{cases}
\end{equation}
in this paper we introduce also the TTC in $y$-direction as
\begin{equation} \label{eq:yTTC}
	\text{TTC}_i^y(t) =
	\begin{cases}
	- \frac{y_{j(i)}-y_i}{v_{j(i)}-v_i}, & \text{if $\abs{v_i} < \abs{v_{j(i)}}$ or $v_{j(i)}\,v_i<0$}\\[2ex]
	+\infty, & \text{otherwise}.
	\end{cases}
\end{equation}
The $\text{TTC}^y_i$ defines thus the remaining time to a collision with car $j(i)$ moving across the lanes. The analysis of this metric was never considered previously in the literature but we think it is useful to study which direction of the flow mainly influences the safety. Clearly, using map~\eqref{eq:FieldCar2}, a car $i$ could have no leading vehicles, namely when there are no obstacles in its driving direction. Then we set the two TTC metrics to $+\infty$ also in this case.

The TTC metric has been widely used in order to evaluate the risk level in traffic flow phenomena. However, as suggested by several authors, \cite{KuangQuYan}, the TTC does not give direct information on the safety conditions of vehicle. Moreover, the fact that the TTC is $+\infty$ when an interaction does not occur makes this metric not suitable for computations from microscopic data. Therefore, in this paper, following the methodology introduced in~\cite{KuangQuYan}, we represent the \emph{Individual Risk} (IR) described by the TTC by comparing, for each car, this value with thresholds:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:IR}
	\text{IR}_i^{x,y}(t) = \begin{cases}
		\widehat{\text{TTC}}^{x,y} - \text{TTC}_i^{x,y}, & \text{if $\widehat{\text{TTC}}^{x,y} > \text{TTC}_i^{x,y}$}\\[2ex]
		0, & \text{otherwise}.
	\end{cases}
\end{equation}
The fixed values $\widehat{\text{TTC}}^{x,y}$ are the TTC thresholds in the two direction of the flow and they are supposed to be the safety values below which an interaction is considered unsafe. Using definition~\eqref{eq:IR} then a car-following scenario is considered to be safe if the IR is low. Several value of the TTC threshold are proposed, see e.g.~\cite{MinderhoudBovy,KuangKuWang,KuangEtAl}. Here, we consider safety values the times to travel the road section in $x$ and $y$ at the maximum speeds detected in the two directions. Thus, using the German data-set introduced in Section~\ref{sec:dataset} we have
$$
	\widehat{\text{TTC}}^x = 2.7~\text{seconds}, \quad \widehat{\text{TTC}}^y = 21.6~\text{seconds}.
$$
With this choice we say that a vehicle is in safe conditions if it can freely travel along and across the road at the maximum speed.

In order to aggregate the individual risk of single car-following scenarios we proceed as follows. First we fix a sequence of $M+1$ equally spaced discrete times $\{t_k\}_{k=0}^M$ such that $t_{k+1}-t_k=dt$, $t_0=0$ and $t_M=t_{\max}$, where $t_{\max}$ is the final observation time in the data-set (here 20 minutes). Then, for each discrete time $t_k$, we count the number of vehicles $N(t_k)$ and for each one we find the interacting vehicle using~\eqref{eq:FieldCar2}. We define the individual risk at time $t_k$ as
\[
	\widetilde{\text{IR}}^{x,y}(t_k) = \frac{1}{N(t_k)}\sum_{i=1}^{N(t_k)} \text{IR}_i^{x,y}(t_k), \quad k=0,\dots,M
\]
where $\text{IR}_i^{x,y}$ is given by~\eqref{eq:IR}. Finally, we consider a moving mean by aggregating with respect a certain time period $T$, with $T \ll t_{\max}$ and including $m$ consecutive observations. This temporal average leads to $\left\lceil \frac{M+1}{m} \right\rceil+1$ values of the individual risk
\begin{equation} \label{eq:aggregatedIR}
	\text{IR}^{x,y}_{k_0} = \frac{1}{T} \sum_{k=k_0}^{k_0+m-1} \widetilde{\text{IR}}^{x,y}(t_k), \quad k_0 = 0,\dots,\left\lceil \frac{M+1}{m} \right\rceil.
\end{equation}
In particular, in this paper we take $dt=1$ second and then we aggregate the data over the time period $T=30$ or $T=60$ seconds.

\subsection{Macroscopic formulation of TTC} \label{sec:macro}

Here we show, from a mathematical point-of-view, that the TTC is indeed able to describe the safety levels of a road since it is linked to the variation of the traffic volume. For the sake of simplicity, let us to focus on the simple one-dimensional case and thus we assume to have $\text{TTC}_i^y = 0$, $\forall i$. We define the density and the specific volume around each vehicle at time $t$ as
\[
	\rho_i(t) = \frac{\Delta X}{x_{j(i)}(t)-x_i(t)}, \quad \tau_i(t) = \frac{1}{\rho_i(t)},
\]
where $\Delta X$ is the characteristic length of a vehicle. Differentiating $\tau_i$ in time, we have that the variation of the specific volume is given by
\[
	\dot{\tau}_i(t) = \frac{u_{j(i)}-u_i}{\Delta X}.
\]
Let us again to consider the simplified version of the TTC~\eqref{eq:xTTC}, namely we assume that the velocity of each car on the road is constant while traveling the road section. Using the same considerations introduced in~\cite{HmMsVg} in order to derive macroscopic models from particle models, we can identify the microscopic velocities $u_i$ with a function $u$ out of the discrete dynamics in such a way $u_i = u(x_i)$, $\forall i$. Moreover, at the same time we can identify $\tau_i$ with a function $\tau$ out of the discrete dynamics in such a way $\tau_i = \tau(x_i,t)$. With these considerations we can write
\begin{align*}
	\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \tau(x_i,t) &= \frac{u(x_{j(i)})-u(x_i)}{\Delta X} \\ \text{TTC}_i & = - \frac{x_{j(i)}-x_i}{u(x_{j(i)})-u(x_i)}.
\end{align*}
Since we are interested in the macroscopic formulation, i.e. when the number of vehicles becomes larger, it is quite natural to assume that $\Delta X \approx x_{j(i)}-x_i$. In the macroscopic limit we consider the limit for $\Delta X$ going to zero and thus we obtain
\[
	\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \tau(x,t) = \partial_x u(x) \quad \text{and} \quad \text{TTC} \approx - \frac{1}{\partial_x u(x)}.
\]
In other words, the inverse of the TTC is able to describe the time evolution of the specific volume and therefore this in turn means that there is a strict link between the safety and the congestion level of the road. This result can be easily extended also to the two-dimensional case, using the considerations introduced in~\cite{HmMsVg}. In addition, the above result paves the way to a possible real-time analysis of the potential conflicts on a road by means of macroscopic models.

\section{Potential risk on the German highway} \label{sec:simulations}

In this section we show that, at least using the German data-set, the safety on a multi-lane highway seems to be highly influenced by the movements in the orthogonal direction of the flow, i.e. by the lane changing.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{TimeIR}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{TimeDiffIR}
		\caption{Left: variation in time of the density (blue line) and of the normalized individual risks $\overline{\text{IR}}^x$ (solid red line) and $\overline{\text{IR}}^y$ (dashed red line). Right: variation in time of the density (blue line) and of the difference $\overline{\text{IR}}^x-\overline{\text{IR}}^y$ of the normalized individual risks (solid red line).\label{fig:timeIR}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Figure~\ref{fig:timeIR} we consider the time behavior of the aggregated individual risk~\eqref{eq:aggregatedIR} for both directions. However, in order to compare the two quantities we show the normalized values with respect to the safety thresholds, namely
\begin{equation} \label{eq:normIR}
	\overline{\text{IR}}^{x,y}_{k_0} = \frac{\text{IR}^{x,y}_{k_0}}{\widehat{\text{TTC}}^{x,y}} \in [0,1].
\end{equation}
In this way the individual risk is directly comparable and quantities~\eqref{eq:normIR} give, in probability, the risk level on the road. In the left plot of Figure~\ref{fig:timeIR} we show the time variation of the normalized individual risks $\overline{\text{IR}}^x$ (solid red line) and $\overline{\text{IR}}^y$ (dashed red line). The values of the individual risk are given on the right $y$-axes. The blue solid line, instead, shows the time variation of the density and the values are given on the left $y$-axes. It is clear that both individual risk increase for higher values of the density. In the right plot of Figure~\ref{fig:timeIR}, along with the density, we show the difference $\overline{\text{IR}}^x-\overline{\text{IR}}^y$ of the normalized individual risks. Thus, values below zero (see the dashed red line) mean that the individual risk in $y$-direction is higher than the individual risk in $x$-direction. Using this plot we can easily observe that the normalized individual risk $\overline{\text{IR}}^y$ is higher in connection to the peaks of the density. This behavior can be explained by the fact that more lane changing occur when the density increases.

The above consideration can be also quantitatively analyzed by using a methodology used e.g. recently in~\cite{KuangQuYan} and which consists in dividing the aggregated values of the individual risk into many traffic states, sorted by the density, with uniform span. With this approach it is possible to analyze easily the relationship between traffic risk and traffic states. The following procedure allows us to divide the aggregated macroscopic data into many traffic states, sorted by the density.
\begin{description}
	\item[Step 1] Rank all the $\left\lceil \frac{M+1}{m} \right\rceil+1$ observations of the individual risks according to the related value of the density, from the lowest to the highest.
	\item[Step 2] Count the total number $\widetilde{n}$ of intervals for those density observations with a constant span $\delta$. Thus,
	\[
		\widetilde{n} = \text{round}\left(\frac{\rho_{\max}-\rho_{\min}}{\delta}\right)
	\]
	where $\rho_{\max}$ and $\rho_{\min}$ are the maximum and the minimum value of the density computed from the data-set.
	\item[Step 3] Find the range of the intervals as
	\[
		[\rho_{\min}+(n-1)\delta,\rho_{\min}+n\delta], \quad n=1,\dots,\widetilde{n}
	\]
	and then count the number $N_n$, $n=1,\dots,\widetilde{n}$, of density data belonging to each interval.
	\item[Step 4] Using the aggregated individual risk defined in~\eqref{eq:aggregatedIR}, compute the Cumulative Risk (CR) for each interval as
	\begin{equation} \label{eq:CR}
		\text{CR}^{x,y}_n = \sum_{i=K_{n-1}}^{K_{n-1}+N_n} \text{IR}^{x,y}_i, \; K_{n-1} = \sum_{k=1}^{n-1} N_k, \; n=1,\dots,\widetilde{n}
	\end{equation}
	where, obviously, we have
	\[
		\sum_{k=1}^{\widetilde{n}} N_k = \left\lceil \frac{M+1}{m} \right\rceil+1.
	\]
	\item[Step 5] Finally, compute the Average Risk (AR) value for each interval as
	\begin{equation} \label{eq:AR}
		\text{AR}^{x,y}_n = \frac{\text{CR}^{x,y}_n}{N_n}, \quad n=1,\dots,\widetilde{n}.
	\end{equation}
\end{description}
The same procedure described above can be used to sort the traffic states with respect to the other macroscopic fundamental quantities, as the speeds and the fluxes. In the following simulations, in place of the average risk $\text{AR}^{x,y}$ we will consider the normalized average risk defined as
\begin{equation} \label{eq:normalizedAR}
	\overline{\text{AR}}^{x,y}_n = \frac{\text{AR}^{x,y}_n}{\widehat{\text{TTC}}^{x,y}}, \quad n=1,\dots,\widetilde{n}
\end{equation}
in order to make comparable the quantities in the two directions of the flow.

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{rhoAR60}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{rhoAR30}
		\caption{The normalized average risk in the $x$-direction (blue *-symbols) and in the $y$-direction (red circles) of the flow computed on the traffic states sorted by the density. Left: time aggregation $T=60$~seconds. Right: time aggregation $T=30$~seconds.\label{fig:rhoAR}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{uAR60}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{uAR30}
		\caption{The normalized average risk in the $x$-direction (blue *-symbols) and in the $y$-direction (red circles) of the flow computed on the traffic states sorted by the speed $u$ along the road. Left: time aggregation $T=60$~seconds. Right: time aggregation $T=30$~seconds.\label{fig:uAR}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{vAR60}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{vAR30}
		\caption{The normalized average risk in the $x$-direction (blue *-symbols) and in the $y$-direction (red circles) of the flow computed on the traffic states sorted by the speed $v$ across the lanes. Left: time aggregation $T=60$~seconds. Right: time aggregation $T=30$~seconds.\label{fig:vAR}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{ARx60onFD}
		\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{ARy60onFD}
		\caption{The normalized average risk in the $x$-direction (left) and in the $y$-direction (right) computed on the traffic states sorted by the density and mapped onto the best fitting of the speed-density diagram in $x$-direction.\label{fig:ARonFD}}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Figure~\ref{fig:rhoAR} we show the normalized average risk $\overline{\text{AR}}^x$ and $\overline{\text{AR}}^y$ computed on the traffic states sorted by the density as described by the previous procedure. In particular, the traffic states are obtained by using $\delta = 2.5$ vehicles per kilometer, which represents the minimum value of span to get at least one observation for each interval defined in Step 3. The left and the right panels of Figure~\ref{fig:rhoAR} differ for the time aggregation, which is taken as $T=60$ seconds and $T=30$ seconds, respectively. We observe that the result does not change by varying $T$. In fact, in both panels we observe that the average risk increases as the traffic density increases. This means that a higher density influences the safety and leads to more conflicts. Moreover, the two average risks are comparable when the density is still low, while for higher values $\overline{\text{AR}}^y$ becomes larger than $\overline{\text{AR}}^x$ proving that the traffic conflicts are mainly due to the interactions in $y$-direction, thus regarding lane changing.

The above consideration is explained also by Figure~\ref{fig:uAR} and Figure~\ref{fig:vAR} in which we show the normalized average risk $\overline{\text{AR}}^x$ and $\overline{\text{AR}}^y$ computed on the traffic states sorted by the two speed in the two directions of the flow. We take here $\delta$ as $7.5$ and $0.05$ kilometer per hour, respectively. We observe that the risks decreases as the speed along the road increases, i.e. when the density is low and thus vehicles are free to travel with higher speeds. More significant is~Figure~\ref{fig:vAR}. In fact, we notice that the risk in $x$- and $y$-direction is low for negative values of the lateral speed. This happens when the density is low and vehicles tend to reach the slowest lane. In contrast, the risk in $\overline{\text{AR}}^x$ increases and is higher than $\overline{\text{AR}}^y$ around the zero values of the lateral speed, i.e. when the lane changing are rare and the conflicts mainly happen with cars ahead. On the opposite side, when the lateral speed becomes positive, i.e. when the higher values of the density induce vehicles to overtake and to move from the slowest lane, then the average risk in $y$-direction increases substantially. This behavior again proves that the flow in $y$-direction affects the traffic safety more than the interactions occurring along the road.

Finally, in Figure~\ref{fig:ARonFD} we again show the average risk computed on the traffic states sorted by the density but for each state we map the AR value to the corresponding position on the speed-density curve in $x$-direction obtained by fitting the experimental data. In the left panel of Figure~\ref{fig:ARonFD} we show $\overline{\text{AR}}^x$, while in the right one we consider $\overline{\text{AR}}^y$. We use the AR value to determine the size and color of each point. The bigger size and darker color indicate the higher
average risk of a traffic state. Obviously, as observed in Figure~\ref{fig:rhoAR} and Figure~\ref{fig:uAR}, the traffic conflict risk increases with an increase in density and a decrease in speed. Moreover, we notice that the average risk tends to increase substantially when the so-called critical density, namely the density value in which we have a sharp decrease in the speed, is reached.

\section{Outlook} \label{sec:outlook}

In this work we have proposed an analysis of the risk on a multi-lane highway by means of a suitable indicator and studying separately the potential conflicts that could arise from the two direction of the flow. To this end, we have used the Time-To-Collision indicator, which represent the remaining time to avoid a collision between two vehicles. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of the lane changing on the traffic safety since only the behavior of the flow along the road was previously considered in the literature. The analysis is carried out using a data-set collected in Germany on the A3 highway. The microscopic trajectories shows that the lane changing is an important behavior in traffic flow and thus the safety can be highly influenced by the movement in the orthogonal direction of the motion of vehicles. This conjecture has been indeed proved by comparing the Time-To-Collision indicators in the two flow directions, showing that the potential conflicts arising by the lane changing are much higher.

In future works, more data can be collected or a different data-set can be considered. Moreover, the analysis conducted here shows the necessity of establishing suitable safety measures having a real impact on the potential risk on multi-lane highways where the flow across the lanes is high. To this end the macroscopic formulation of the Time-To-Collision indicator proposed in this paper could help to develop real-time models to manage safety measures in traffic flow. Ideally, one would measure online traffic data, predict the next minutes of traffic flow and indicate with the macroscopic formulation of risk metrics the likelihood of an accident. Then, by variable speed control or other measures one would try to regulate the traffic flow such that the the Time-To-Collision metric is reduced under the same simulation. Another possibility is the planning process in which we would simulate (e.g. by means of a simulator) a real traffic road and then show the risk indicators. Hopefully, by clever designs of the road the potential conflicts can be reduced. This perspective could be used to plan e.g. construction sites more efficiently.

\begin{ack}
We thank the ISAC institute at RWTH Aachen, Prof. M.~Oeser, MSc. A.~Fazekas and MSc. F.~Hennecke for kindly providing the trajectory data.
\end{ack}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
One title on the Barnes & Noble Review's list of books on boating:
The Hard Way Around: The Passages of Joshua Slocum
by Geoffrey Wolff
A thrilling biography-cum-adventure story of the first person to sail solo around the globe, The Hard Way Around presents the astonishing life of Joshua Slocum. Rising from ordinary seaman to ship commander in less than a decade, Slocum spent his days enduring hurricanes, wrecks, and bouts with pirates and smallpox as he made his way from Liverpool to Montevideo to Cape Horn. At age fifty-one, he resolved to circumnavigate the world -- on a diminutive sloop in the age of the steamboat. His subsequent fame, financial ruin, and eventual disappearance are captivatingly detailed by Geoffrey Wolff, in this riveting portrait of a complicated seafarer and businessman. See the full review by Robert Messenger here.
Read about another book on the list.


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Karl Golikow (* 20. März 1935 in Schlesien; † 3. September 1972 am Piz Badile) war ein deutscher Bergsteiger. Er zählte in den 1960er Jahren zu den aktivsten und erfolgreichsten Alpinisten Deutschlands.

Biografie
Er wurde 1935 als Sohn von Willy und Anny Golikow in Schlesien geboren. Nach dem Besuch der Volksschule siedelte er mit seinen Eltern 1946 nach Bremen über, wo er von 1950 bis 1953 eine Lehre zum Maschinenbauschlosser absolvierte. Anschließend zog er nach Stuttgart und verlobte sich mit Adelheid Reiter. Seit 1956 war er als Bergsteiger aktiv.

1960 bestieg er die Laliderer Spitze im Karwendel sowie das Dachl und die Rosskuppe im Gesäuse. 1960/1961 erklomm er die Große und die Westliche Zinne der Drei Zinnen in den Sextener Dolomiten, die Große Zinne dabei über die Direttissima und ohne Biwak. Die Westliche Zinne erreichte er über die Franzosenführe und die Schweizerführe. An der Civetta in den Dolomiten bestieg er zwischen 1961 und 1965 die Gipfel Livanosführe (1961), Punte Civetta und Punta Tissi (beide 1965).

1964 war er viel in der Mont-Blanc-Gruppe unterwegs und bestieg dort die Nordwände der Aiguille de Triolet und der Courtes, sowie den Südwestpfeiler der Aiguille du Dru und 1965 den Grand Capucin über die Erstbegeherroute. Im selben Jahr stand er auch auf dem Gipfel der Punta Penia an der Marmolata in den Dolomiten, die er über die Südwestwand und den Südpfeiler erreichte.

1966 war er einer der Erstbegeher der Eiger-Nordwand über die John-Harlin-Route. 1967 war er an einer Expedition in den Hindukusch beteiligt und nahm auch an einer erfolglosen Tour zum Nanga Parbat teil. Zudem bestieg er unter anderem noch die Rotwand über die Südwestwand und den Sass Maor über die Ostwand.

1969 geriet er am Walkerpfeiler der Grandes Jorasses in einen Steinschlag, wobei sein Gefährte Jörg Lehne ums Leben kam. Durch eine dabei erlittene Oberschenkelfraktur musste er längere Zeit genesen. Danach bestieg er noch unter anderem die Calanque und die Nordwand des Monte Pelmo.

Tragödie am Piz Badile
Anfang September 1972 wollte er zusammen mit dem 19-jährigen Otto Uhl die Nordostwand des Piz Badile in den Bergeller Alpen durchsteigen. Um schneller voranzukommen, waren die beiden nur mit kleinen Rucksäcken über die Nordkante in den unteren Wandteil eingestiegen, wo sie auf die beiden Bergsteiger Siegfried Hupfauer und Alois Ritter trafen. Der weitere Aufstieg entwickelte sich zur Tragödie.

Golikow und Uhl verstiegen sich und wurden von Hupfauer und Ritter auf der richtigen Route überholt, zudem gerieten die vier Kletterer im weiteren Verlauf in einen heftigen Wettersturz. Aufgrund von Schneeabrutschen, Wasserfällen und Steinschlag schien ihnen ein Abstieg zu gefährlich, weshalb sie zwei Biwakplätze errichteten. Beim Versuch, ins Biwak von Golikow hochzuprusiken, kam Otto Uhl aufgrund von Erschöpfung und Erfrierung ums Leben. Golikow überlebte die Nacht zwar, war jedoch stark erschöpft und von Erfrierungen an den Beinen betroffen. Die anderen beiden Bergsteiger versuchten ihn weiter hochzuziehen, mussten dieses Unterfangen jedoch aufgrund von Erschöpfung und einem Seilsturz Golikows aufgeben. Sie sicherten ihn an einem Standplatz und erreichten erst spät in der Nacht eine Biwakschachtel am Gipfel. Golikow wurde am nächsten Morgen tot von Rettungskräften aus dem Standplatz geborgen.

Die Tragödie wurde von der Zeitschrift Alpinismus (Heft 2/73, S. 26 u. 40) und dem Buch Sicherheit und Risiko in Fels und Eis (Band 1, S. 16 b. 18) von Pit Schubert aufgearbeitet.

Am 14. September 1972 wurden Karl Golikow und Otto Uhl auf dem Friedhof in Untertürkheim beigesetzt.

Weblinks
Gedenkseite Karl Golikow

Bergsteiger (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1935
Gestorben 1972
Mann


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Q: Facebook: get list of pages that a user is liked I'm using the Javascript SDK.
I have a logged in user, and want to get back a list of page ids of all the pages that the user is likes.
Is there a way of doing this? The docs are pretty bad - and circular.

A: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/reference/user/likes/
Do note that Facebook is very restrictive on the user_likes permission that is required to access this endpoint. Facebook policies forbid "like gating" - requiring a user to like a page to access content or otherwise be rewarded.