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Graduate Course Descriptions PP Courses
5301. Special Readings in Public Policy
Grading Basis: Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory
5303. Race and Public Policy
Introduction to the public policy process using the salient, crossing-cutting cleavage of race.
5304. Public Policy, Diversity, and Inclusion
Overview of how laws and policies related to diversity and inclusion have evolved from equal employment opportunity and affirmative action, to diversity and inclusion. Topics include measurement of racial or gender bias; measurement of "diversity"; policies that organizations used to achieve diversity; policies to maintain diversity and achieve inclusion.
5314. Causal Program Evaluation
Also offered as: ECON 5314
Prerequisites: Not open to students who have passed ECON 5314
Survey of the statistical methods and tools commonly used to evaluate causal claims about the impact of public policies and programs. This course is a required Master of Public Policy course.
5315. Capstone in Public Administration I
Prerequisites: PP 5370 and PP 5340; open only to MPA students.
Development of project management skills and the research question, bibliography, and methodology for the capstone project. Open only to students in the Master of Public Administration Program.
5316. Capstone in Public Administration II
Prerequisites: PP 5315
Research and writing of the capstone project.
5317. Capital Financing and Budgeting
Examination of the municipal bond market, capital budgeting techniques, and related public policy issues.
5318. Financial Management for Public Organizations
Management of financial resources in public organizations. Topics include variance analysis, public sector accounting, financial statement analysis, and forecasting.
5319. Program Development and Evaluation
Techniques for evaluating and improving organizational performance and the ability to deal with the challenges posed by changing environments. Topics include strategic planning, program development, program implementation, evaluating effectiveness, and performance measurement and improvement.
5320. Ethics in Policy and Management
Ethics in public policy and management, including contemporary ethical dilemmas and decision-making tools and techniques.
5321. State and Local Fiscal Problems
Analytical tools and concepts to evaluate policies related to government revenues, the delivery of public services, and intergovernmental relations.
5322. Evaluating Public Programs
Prerequisites: PP 5376.
The tools and concepts important to evaluation research.
5323. Leading and Governing Nonprofit Organizations
The theory and practice of effective leadership and governance of nonprofit organizations.
5324. Grant Writing and Government Contracting
Introduction to writing for private grants and government contracts. Includes responding to requests for proposals for government and nonprofit service provision as well as writing and managing a formal proposal preparation.
5325. Labor-Management Relations, Negotiation, and Contract Management
Overview of the fundamentals associated with collective bargaining in the public sector.
5326. Public Investment Management
Key dimensions of investment decision making in government, including portfolio analysis and understanding of appropriate investment instruments.
5327. Analysis for Management Decision Making
Analytic approaches to decision making in a public management environment.
5328. Business Functions of Nonprofit Organizations
Management of financial resources in nonprofit organizations. Topics include variance analysis, nonprofit accounting, financial statement analysis, internal controls, cash management and forecasting.
5329. Nonprofit Advocacy, Government Relations, and Law
Legal landscape of nonprofit organizations; theory and application of effective tactics and approaches to advocacy and government relations by nonprofit organizations.
5330. The Practice of Survey Research
The practice and use of survey research in the United States and throughout the world. The structure, culture and professional norms of the survey community. The role of public opinion polling in government and public policy-making.
5331. Quantitative Methods for Public Policy
Quantitative tools necessary to manage and evaluate public programs.
5332. Advanced Quantitative Methods
Advanced statistics for survey research analysis.
5333. Principles and Methods of Survey Research II
Advanced theory and statistics for survey research.
5335. Nonprofit Marketing and Stakeholder Communications
Approaches for creating effective nonprofit stakeholder communications and marketing plans to promote the mission and service of the organizations.
5336. Fund Development and Nonprofit Sustainability
Core elements of developing a fund development (revenue) strategy for nonprofit organizations, including common revenue models, philanthropic models, and earned-income methods for funding organizational sustainability.
5337. Economics of Education Reform
Also offered as: EDLR 6322
Examines a number of prominent education reform strategies, using economics as a lens through which to understand the motivations for and potential impacts of each. Economics enables us to focus on the incentives created by these policies, allowing us to predict their intended and unintended consequences. We will utilize this framework throughout the course as we read about and evaluate the effectiveness of various educational interventions and policy reforms. Topics include (among others): class size reduction, teacher quality and teacher certification, merit pay, school accountability, school choice, school finance reform, early childhood education, and topics in higher education.
5340. Introduction to Public Policy and Management
Prerequisites: Open only to MPA and MPP students.
Introduction to the fundamentals of public policy and public management in the United States with a focus on developing the communication skills required in a professional workplace.
5341. Public Opinion and Democratic Processes
American public opinion in the context of democratic theory.
5342. Policy Analysis
Approaches and techniques used to evaluate public programs and public policy.
5344. Social Policy
Examination of the concepts and principles of public policy analysis, with applications to important social issues.
5345. Project Management in the Public Sector
Theory and techniques for successful management of public sector projects. This is a required MPA course.
5346. Child and Family Policy
Prerequisites: Not open for credit to students who have passed PP 4346.
Theory and practice of child and family policy. Topics may include marriage and divorce, fertility, employment, and human capital.
5347. Applied Policy Issues
Overview of important policy issues in the United States and integrates a variety of analytical techniques used in the evaluation of public policies.
5348. Urban Planning Principles and Methods
Introduction to the urban planning process, including commonly used planning topics, practices, and tools that planners need to professionally conduct their tasks. Lectures, discussion and simulated planning projects.
5349. Public Procurement and Contracting
Principles of contract formulation and administration in public procurement, including practices in procurement activities from the identification of the need through the close out of contract activities; best practices for effective contracting relationships between the public and private and nonprofit sectors.
5350. Urban and Regional Policy
Prerequisites: Recommended preparation: PP 5331 and 5375.
Theories and empirical analyses related to urban and regional policy challenges. Students will develop skills in employing analytical frameworks and empirical techniques to investigate urban and regional policy issues.
5359. Crisis Management
Prerequisites: Not open for credit to students who have passed PP 5397 when offered as Crisis Management. Recommended preparation: PP 5361.
Overview of types and characteristics of crises, their impacts and challenges, and strategies for managing them. Topics include emergency management policy and doctrine, incident management systems, individual preparedness, and community resilience.
5361. Theory and Management of Public Service Organizations
Core management and behavioral concepts to effectively lead a public organization. Topics include leadership, strategic planning, managing organizational performance, and organizational structure, culture and politics.
5362. Applied Management Project
Prerequisites: PP 5370; open only to MPA students.
Application of management concepts and theory, research and practice to problems facing public and nonprofit organizations.
5363. Administrative Functions of Local Government
An examination of the characteristic managerial problems of the several functions of local government such as police, fire, traffic, public works, parks, health, recreation. Designed for individuals planning to work with citizen agencies, in agencies for governmental management, or in journalism.
5364. Public Finance and Budgeting
Techniques, practice, and organization of financial functions in governmental organizations, including revenue analysis, budgeting skills, and financial statement analysis.
5365. Human Resource Management
The structures, processes, and principles of human resource management and labor-management relations in the public service, and examination of contemporary human resource policies and challenges.
5366. Public Service Executive Leadership
Theory and application of tactics and techniques used to enhance effective leadership and strategic management.
5368. Performance Management and Accountability
Logic and application of measurement to managing the performance of programs. Topics include performance frameworks, including program logic models and results-based accountability, and performance data visualizations and dashboards.
5370. Applied Research Design
Research design for organizational management and policy analysis and evaluation. How to communicate, execute and evaluate research. Skills in selecting appropriate analytic procedures and properly interpreting and reporting results.
5372. Capstone Portfolio
Provides a synthesis of basic skills and competencies important for future professionals in the public service. This is a required MPA and MPP course.
5373. Budgeting in Public Service Organizations
Processes and techniques of public budgeting; the principles and roles of budgets in public service organizations; analytic tools, concepts, and principles of budget analysis and decision making.
5374. Topics in Financial Management
Prerequisites: Not open for credit to students who have passed PP 5397 when offered as Topics in Governmental Financial Management.
Synthesizes the lessons in public sector financial management as they apply to the professional practice of the chief financial officer. Combines research literature, expert testimony, professional association position papers, cases, documentaries and discussion in order to expose students to the subject matter and the decision demands of leaders in this field.
5375. Economic Analysis for Public Policy and Management
Application of basic microeconomic analysis to public policy and management problems. Required for the MPA and MPP programs
5376. Applied Quantitative Methods
Prerequisites: Open only to students in the Master of Public Administration or the M.A. in Survey Research programs.
Statistical reasoning, tools, and techniques for effective public management.
5377. Qualitative Methods in Public Policy
Development and design of qualitative research.
5378. Methods of Survey Data Collection
Prerequisites: Recommended preparation: PP 5379.
An exploration of project management techniques applied to survey research projects.
5379. Principles and Methods of Survey Research I
Prerequisites: Open only to Master of Arts in Survey Research or Graduate Certificate in Survey Research students, department consent required.
Exploration of the theory and practice of survey research, including sampling, questionnaire design, analysis and reporting results.
5382. Project Management in Survey Research
This course will explore the application of project management techniques to the management of survey research projects.
Advanced exploration of the practice of survey research and questionnaire design.
5384. Political Polling
The role of opinion polling in American political campaigns, journalism, and academic research, as well as the methodological aspects of scientific opinion polling.
5385. Attitude Formation
Theories of attitude formation and attitude change.
5386. Survey Research Analysis and Reporting
Prerequisites: PP 5376. Recommended preparation: PP 5379.
Analytic writing skills that apply specifically to preparing survey research reports.
5387. Surveys for Market Research
An exploration of how survey research techniques and methods are used to address market research problems.
5388. An Introduction to Multipopulation Survey Research Methods
Methods for designing multilingual and multicultural survey research projects as well as key considerations for designing multinational surveys, including sampling, questionnaire design, fielding, data interpretation and analysis.
5389. Capstone on the Future of Survey Research
Prerequisites: Department consent. Recommended preparation: student is in the last or next to last semester of study in the Master of Arts in Survey Research program.
Capstone research on problems and opportunities in the survey research industry for students nearing completion of the Master of Arts in Survey Research program.
5390. Supervised Internship
Experience in a public organization under competent supervision.
5397. Special Topics in Public Policy


One of the sport's leading journalists and historians— will be inducted at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island on July 22, 2017. He has been reporting on tennis full time since 1974. Flink worked for World Tennis Magazine as an editor and columnist from 1974 to 1991. From 1992-2007, he was a senior correspondent for Tennis Week. Since 2007, Flink has written a weekly column for TennisChannel.com. He is the author of two significant historical books entitled The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century and The Greatest Tennis Matches of All Time.
From 1982-2009, he was the CBS radio reporter from the French Open and Wimbledon. Across the seventies and eighties, he was a statistician for CBS, NBC and ABC at Wimbledon, the French Open and the U.S. Open, and as a color commentator he appeared on the ESPN and Madison Square Garden networks in the 1980's and 1990's. He was inducted at the Eastern Tennis Hall of Fame in 2010. In his 43 years as an American tennis reporter, Flink has covered 120 Grand Slam tournaments.


1) Index Copernicus International (IC, Poland) is an online database of user-contributed information, including scientist profiles, as well as of scientific institutions, publications and projects established in 1999 in Poland. The database has several productivity assessment tools to track the impact of scientific works and publications, individual scientists, or research institutions. In addition to the productivity aspects, IC also offers the traditional abstracting and indexing of scientific publications. Index Copernicus includes (at the end in 2015) more than 13000 scientific journals. Journals registered in the database underwent a thorough, multi-dimensional selection proving its high quality.
2) Research Papers in Economics (RePEc, USA) – Internet project dedicated to the systematization in economics field of research. It is a collaborative effort of hundreds of volunteers in 86 countries to enhance the dissemination of research in Economics and related sciences. The heart of the project is a decentralized bibliographic database of working papers, journal articles, books, books chapters and software components, all maintained by volunteers. The collected data are then used in various services that serve the collected metadata to users or enhance it. So far, over 1,800 archives from 86 countries have contributed about 1.9 million research pieces from 2,300 journals and 4,200 working paper series. About 45,000 authors have registered and 75,000 email subscriptions are served every week.
The future plan of the journal editorial board is an active work on the registration of the journal in the international indexing & abstracting services Scopus, DOAJ and others.
Referencing the journal by well-known international indexing & abstracting services significantly expands its distribution and the possibility of promotion of scientific research. It contributes to the growing of scientific rankings for both the journal and the scientists and institutions that they represent.
'Mechanism of Economic Regulation' is in the Top 20 Most Cited Scientific Editions of Ukraine!
According to the ranking of the most cited scientific editions of Ukraine, according to Google Scholars data (2007–2011 years), published on the website of Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/rating_journals.html), International Scientific Journal 'Mechanism of Economic Regulation' published by the Department of Economics and Business Administration of Sumy State University (editor-in-chief – Dr., Prof., Honored Scientist of Ukraine, Head of the Department of Economics and Business Administration Leonid Melnyk), ranked 20th among Ukrainian scientific journals of all branches of science, with a five-year h-index (Jorge E. Hirsch Index), which is equal to seven.
It should be noted that International Scientific Journal 'Mechanism of Economic Regulation'is the only scientific journal of Sumy State University, universities and research institutions of the Sumy region, which was included in this rating (it includes 100 leading domestic scientific journals of all research branches). Moreover, 'Mechanism of Economic Regulation'isthe only one from the Top 20, which is published by the state institution of higher education (almost all other scientific journals are published by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and private organizations). In the Top 20: 17 scientific journals published in Kiev and the only one in the city of Kharkiv, Lviv and Sumy. If we select scientific journals that publish research results in the field of economics, 'Mechanism of Economic Regulation'took the eleventh place among all indexed Ukrainian economic journals.


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Nerve Transfers
Donor Nerve
Near target muscle
Pure motor fibers
As large a number of motor axons as possible
Synergistic to target muscle
Tension free transfer through full range of motion
Divide "donor distal" and "recipient proximal" to allow tension free nerve approximation
If redundancy exists, trim recipient nerve to minimize distance from regenerating donor axons to target muscle motor endplates
Postop
Appropriate therapy for motor re-education
Nerve injuries in the upper extremity frequently cause permanent disability with devastating consequences on daily living and the ability to work. Direct primary repair of a nerve transaction is advocated if possible and appropriate for the mechanism of injury. Large nerve gaps, proximal injuries with crush, transaction-, and avulsion-type injuries prohibit direct repair and require secondary nerve reconstruction after acute management and stabilization. Until the last century, the results of nerve repair in the extremity and especially of the brachial plexus were viewed with pessimism. In the latter half of the 20th century, advances in peripheral nerve surgery, including improvements in nerve repair and grafting techniques, and improved knowledge of internal topography, injury pattern, and regenerative ability of the peripheral nerve have contributed to better outcomes.
The level, mechanism, and severity of the injury determine the course of management and the timing of surgical procedures. Factors such as muscle atrophy after denervation and degeneration of the neuromuscular junction limit the opportunity for nerve reconstruction and adversely influence the outcome. If nerve fibers do not successfully reinnervate the target muscle within approximately 1 to 1.5 years of injury, the motor end plates disappear, the muscle architecture is destroyed, and muscle fibers are eventually replaced by fat with time. Therefore, "time is muscle," and with complex injury patterns it is imperative to closely follow the examination and results of diagnostic tests to make a clear diagnosis in a timely fashion such that reinnervation can occur before it is too late.
Advances in nerve repair and in the understanding of the internal topography of the nerve have contributed to the development of nerve transfers. Nerve-to-nerve transfers offer a superior alternative for functional restoration in isolated or multiple-nerve injuries when early reinnervation of the target end-organ is necessary, such as in proximal injuries or in delayed treatment. Expendable sensory or motor axons close to the end-organ allow for earlier regeneration and preclude the need for nerve grafts. Nerve transfers have traditionally been advocated for otherwise unsalvageable root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus in which reconstruction with nerve grafts is suboptimal or not possible. Nerve graft reconstruction of such proximal injuries requires regeneration over long distances before reaching target end-organs, frequently resulting in suboptimal functional recovery. The patient population with brachial plexus injury provided the stimulus for the application of novel reconstructive options that would offer faster reinnervation of muscles to minimize atrophy and degeneration of the motor end plate. Consequently, nerve transfers became a routine part of the early surgical management of upper brachial plexus injuries with very good outcomes. The experience with tendon transfers and an understanding of the principles of motor reeducation set the stage for the use of nerve transfers as an alternative to muscle or tendon transfers. The advantages typically include shorter operative time, shorter duration of morbidity and recovery, and faster target muscle reinnervation with less atrophy and motor end-plate fibrosis.
This writer has progressively applied this technique to more distal and isolated nerve injuries in the forearm and hand with encouraging results. As our understanding of the innervation patterns of muscles and the internal topography of peripheral nerves increases, our application of nerve transfers has become more widespread in the management of a range of peripheral nerve injuries, including those with more distal and isolated nerve trauma and those for which tendon transfers are conventionally recommended. My practice has evolved toward a broader application of distal nerve transfers to minimize operative time, morbidity, and recovery and to more quickly reinnervate target organs to optimize the functional outcome.
Principles of Nerve Transfer
Nerve transfers involve repair of the proximal aspect of a functioning motor nerve to the distal aspect of a nonfunctioning motor nerve of the target muscle. While many of the principles for nerve transfers are common to tendon transfers, there are unique considerations as well. Redundant and expendable nerve fascicles or branches of the donor nerve are utilized to minimize morbidity and the possibility of downgrading function. As with tendon transfers, a donor nerve that supplies muscles synergistic to the target muscle is preferred to facilitate postoperative therapy and motor reeducation. While a nerve supplying a nonsynergistic, or even antagonistic, muscle group may be used, the rehabilitation in such cases is more difficult and less intuitive, and functional recovery may be less optimal. Biomechanical considerations of muscle type and amplitude, vector, and tension that affect strength of a transferred muscle, do not apply, since muscles reinnervated by nerve transfers maintain their anatomic location and attachments. Other advantages of a nerve transfer include (1) the capacity to restore sensibility in addition to motor function, (2) the possibility of restoring multiple muscle groups with a single nerve transfer, and (3) the avoidance of dissection and scarring of the muscle bed that may limit excursion and strength. If known, the donor nerve should have a similar number of nerve fibers as the recipient nerve. Intraplexal transfers may also be more effective than those that use extraplexal nerve donors, generally because of proximity to the target muscles. The most critical factor for the success of a nerve transfer is the quality of the donor motor nerve in terms of axon count.
As with any peripheral nerve surgery, nerve transfer for restoration of motor function demands a timely approach. If nerve fibers do not reach the motor end plate within, ideally, 1 year of injury, the muscle will not work. Thus, an additional advantage of nerve transfer surgeries is that the transfer does not need to be performed in the zone of injury but should be done close to the recipient nerve motor end plate. This in essence shifts a proximal-level nerve injury to a distal-level injury and avoids dissection in the original area of injury, which may have significant scarring—thus facilitating operative dissection. Sensory reinnervation, on the other hand, can be performed at any time after injury. At the end of this section, specific operations and options for delayed restoration of motor function, with free-functioning muscle transfers, will be discussed.
Nerve transfers may also be used as an alternative to nerve grafting or primary repair in certain cases because of the ability to convert a proximal high-level nerve injury to a low-level nerve injury. For example, a high radial nerve injury may be treated by transfer of redundant median nerve branches [to the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and palmaris longus (PL)] to distal radial nerve branches to reinnervate the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and the muscles innervated by the posterior interosseus nerve. The transfer is performed at the proximal forearm, allowing more timely restoration of wrist and finger extension. Proximal ulnar nerve injuries also benefit from distal transfer. The anterior interosseus nerve (just proximal to the pronator quadratus) is transferred to the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve to restore intrinsic hand function. Another very specific nerve transfer procedure may be used for restoration of pronation. A redundant branch to the FDS may be used. In this case, nerve transfer is quite important as there are limited tendon transfer–based alternatives. The donor nerves are selected based on the proximity to the neuromuscular junction of the target muscle to minimize the reinnervation time, and the repair is done without tension. Nerve grafts are used if necessary; however, a primary repair is preferable, and is the routine. Internal neurolysis allows for dissection of donor and recipient fascicles from the main nerve to enable an end-to-end repair whenever possible. We often perform distal-nerve transfers simultaneous with proximal-nerve graft reconstruction to avoid the formation of a painful proximal neuroma.
Indications and Timing of Nerve Transfers
The surgical indications for nerve transfers continue to evolve as new donor sources for motor and sensory restoration are proposed and evaluated. Because of the excellent results that can be obtained from nerve transfer, we advocate its use in almost any case where regeneration distance and time to reinnervation can be significantly reduced to improve outcome, and to avoid surgery under hostile tissue conditions, especially where other critical structures have already been reconstructed such as vascular injuries. We prefer to use a nerve transfer in managing the following conditions:
Brachial plexus injuries where only very proximal or no nerve is available for grafting
High proximal injuries that require a long distance for regeneration
Avoidance of scarred areas in critical locations with potential for injury to critical structures
Major limb trauma with segmental loss of nerve tissue
As an alternative to nerve grafting when time from injury to reconstruction is prolonged
Partial nerve injuries with a defined functional loss
Spinal cord root avulsion injuries
Nerve injuries wherein the level of injury is uncertain, such as with idiopathic neuritides or radiation trauma and nerve injuries with multiple levels of injury
Recovery of motor function depends on a critical number of motor axons reaching the target muscle and reinnervating muscle fibers within a critical time period. Reinnervation of denervated muscles is generally not possible after 12 to 18 months in adults because of degeneration of the motor end plate. Axonal regeneration occurs at a rate of 1 inch per month or 1 to 1.5 mm/day. The use of distal-nerve transfers can significantly prolong the "window" of opportunity following injury for surgical intervention. A distal-nerve transfer within centimeters of the neuromuscular junction of the target muscle will still have the potential for successful reinnervation even if performed late (8 to 10 months) after the injury.
The use of nerve transfers requires an intimate knowledge of anatomic details of peripheral neuroanatomy. The major nerves of interest derive from the brachial plexus. A few other nerves are mentioned primarily for their use as donor nerves in nerve transfer procedures.
The brachial plexus is the bridge from the spinal cord nerve roots to the terminal nerve branches that innervate the upper extremity ( Fig. 61-1 ). The cervical fifth through eighth (C5–C8) and thoracic first (T1) nerve roots (with variable inclusion of the fourth cervical and second thoracic roots) form the three trunks. The upper (C5 and C6), middle (C7), and lower (C8 and T1) trunks then each divide into an anterior and posterior division. These six divisions then form three cords, with the three posterior divisions becoming the posterior cord, the two anterior upper divisions forming the lateral cord, and the remaining anterior division forming the medial cord. The cords then divide into the terminal nerve branches. The lateral cord goes to the musculocutaneous and median nerves. The posterior cord goes to the axillary and radial nerves. The medial cord goes to the ulnar and median nerves. Note that the median nerve receives components both from the lateral and medial cords.
Schematic illustration of brachial plexus.
Specific nerves originate at each segment, with the exception of the divisions, and the pattern of functional deficit will provide clues as to the location and level of injury. Injuries that result in isolated motor or sensory defects are either very proximal or distal. For example, a pure motor injury may indicate a central or motor root lesion or injury to a terminal motor nerve branch such as the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN). A pure sensory nerve injury may involve dorsal root ganglion level injury or injury to a terminal sensory nerve branch such as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Mixed patterns of motor and sensory loss indicate an injury in the middle, for example, to the radial nerve. Further examination of function along that nerve helps pinpoint the exact level of injury. For example, if triceps function is maintained but distal wrist and finger extension is lost, the level of radial nerve injury is distal to the takeoff of the nerve branches to the triceps muscle. On the other hand, if a root level injury is suspected, it is important to determine if the injury is very proximal with associated root avulsions. Loss of function of the rhomboids, serratus anterior, or diaphragm hints at a very proximal level of nerve injury. This is because the nerves to these muscles—dorsal scapular, long thoracic, and phrenic, respectively—all originate quite close to the spinal cord. An associated Horner's syndrome, due to damage to the sympathetic ganglia, also suggests a proximal level of nerve injury. Diagnosis of a proximal or root avulsion injury can significantly change management strategies, because simple repair or interpositional grafting will not be possible.
Other nerves that are relevant for the upper extremity peripheral nerve surgeon include ones used in nerve transfer procedures such as the spinal accessory, intercostal, and phrenic nerves. These are usually not involved in brachial plexus or more distal upper extremity nerve injuries and can serve as relatively expendable donor material. Other nerves of interest are used for interpositional nerve grafting in cases wherein direct end-to-end repair is impossible. Historically, expendable graft material (with the respective length of graft each provides) has been harvested from sensory nerves such as the sural (30–40 cm) and medial (20 cm), and lateral (5–8 cm) antebrachial cutaneous nerves.
Patient Evaluation
History and physical examination are important in the assessment and management of peripheral nerve problems. The extent of injury and any spontaneous recovery should be carefully assessed. Critical information includes the mechanism and time of injury, associated concomitant injuries, and, when considering nerve transfers, the availability of motor nerve branches as potential donor nerves.
As with any functional reconstructive procedure, active and passive range of motion at each joint and function of specific muscles should be assessed and optimized. In chronic injuries, passive range of motion may be limited by joint contracture, which should be treated first by physical or occupational therapy. Motor function may be graded using the standard British Medical Research Council scale. Beginning proximally, strength of shoulder abduction and internal and external rotation are measured. Assess elbow flexion and extension with direct palpation of biceps and brachioradialis musculotendinous units. Forearm pronation, supination, wrist extension, flexion, and radial and ulnar deviation are graded. Hand function, including both intrinsic and extrinsic function, is assessed. An examination of sensation by light touch, evaluation of two-point discrimination, and the ten test also will help to pinpoint the level of injury. The ten test compares sensation in the normal and abnormal areas. As both a normal and abnormal area are touched, the patient is asked to grade the sensation compared to normal or 10 out of 10 sensation. The abnormal area is given a score on a scale from 0, no sensation, to 10, normal sensation. This can be helpful, especially in children as they are often able to at least differentiate between normal and abnormal when the two sides are compared. Putative donor nerves for nerve or tendon transfer should be carefully assessed individually.
Diagnostic Studies
Imaging tests can be used to determine associated injuries that may change treatment options as well as demonstrate severity of the primary nerve injury. Plain films of any areas that are suspected of being injured should be performed immediately. For motor vehicle trauma patients these routinely include cervical spine and chest films. For patients with brachial plexus injury, rib fractures on the affected side preclude later use of intercostal nerves for nerve transfer. An elevated hemidiaphragm may indicate a phrenic nerve injury, which would prohibit use of the affected phrenic nerve. An upper extremity angiogram delineates associated vascular injury. Direct assessment of the upper extremity nerve lesion by imaging modalities is still relatively crude. A pseudomeningocele visible on CT myelogram suggests nerve root avulsion. Because the pseudomeningocele may not be visible initially, this test should be done at 3 to 4 weeks postinjury. MRI can also be helpful to show changes such as neuroma formation and serves as a noninvasive method for diagnosis of root avulsion, although CT myelogram remains the gold standard. A normal-appearing CT myelogram or MRI scan does not obviate the need for operative intervention, however.
Nerve conduction studies may be used to assess action potentials across putative lesion sites. If the action potential is preserved, neurolysis alone may be sufficient; lack of a potential is usually fairly definitive evidence that some intervention is required to restore function. Some groups also use sensory evoked potentials for brachial plexus injuries to see if lesions are pre- or postganglionic. This also helps in determining whether proximal exploration and grafting will be of any use at all (preganglionic lesions indicate nerve root avulsion, which is not amenable to this). We rely less on electrodiagnostic tests to identify postganglionic lesions that allow proximal exploration with excision of neuroma and grafting because of our preference for distally based nerve transfer procedures and the often suboptimal outcomes associated with the reconstruction of proximal lesions and long nerve grafts.
Electromyography may show changes indicating recovery in muscles, but the level of recovery may not be clinically sufficient. Therefore, electromyography is most useful when used to serially track function and, especially early on, may justify some watchful waiting. Overall, electromyography is best used as an adjunct to document spontaneous reinnervation as demonstrated by the presence of motor unit potentials. If there is evidence of progressive reinnervation, in a timely fashion after injury, then operative intervention may be unnecessary.
Motor and Sensory Transfers for Isolated Nerve Injuries
Musculocutaneous Nerve—Elbow Flexion
The restoration of elbow flexion is the top reconstructive priority in the patient with brachial plexus injury. Donor muscles used for the restoration of elbow flexion include the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, triceps, and the Steindler flexorplasty using the flexor–pronator musculature. Similarly, the nerves that supply these muscles can be used to reinnervate the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles ( Fig. 61-2 ). Historically, the first donor nerves used were either several intercostal nerves with or without interposition nerve grafts or the spinal accessory nerve transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve. In a meta-analysis of the English literature, Merrell et al. found the use of the spinal accessory nerve to be superior to the intercostal nerves for restoration of any function; however, in patients with grade 4 biceps strength, the intercostal nerves were more reliable for transfer to restore strength. In 1993, we described our results with use of medial pectoral nerve branches transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve. This transfer moved the level of the repair more distal than previous reconstructions to allow faster reinnervation, and bypassed the coracobrachialis branch to allow more motor axons to reach the biceps and brachialis muscles. In addition, the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve was transposed proximally to neurotize the biceps muscle to redirect motor fibers that had regenerated into the lateral antebrachial cutaneous back to the target muscle.
Therapist's Management of Tendon Transfers
Tendon Transfers for Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Tendon Transfers: An Overview
Management of Skin Grafts and Flaps
Therapist's Management of Peripheral Nerve Injury
Therapist's Management of Fractures and Dislocations of the Elbow
Intra-articular Hand Fractures and Joint Injuries: Part I—Surgeon's Management
The Extensor Tendons: Evaluation and Surgical Management
Tags: Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity
Apr 21, 2019 | Posted by drzezo in PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION | Comments Off on Nerve Transfers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Press Release: Alabama Historical Commission
MOUNT VERNON ARSENAL AND SEARCY HOSPITAL COMPLEX NAMED TO "11 MOST ENDANGERED PLACES" 2019 BY NATIONAL TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Contact: Andi Martin, Marketing and Public Relations Manager
andi.martin@ahc.alabama.gov, 334-230-2680
Mount Vernon Arsenal and Searcy Hospital Complex Named to "11 Most Endangered Places" 2019 by National Trust for Historic Preservation
(Montgomery, AL) May is National Historic Preservation Month, during which the National Trust for Historic Preservation recognizes the nation's "11 Most Endangered Places." This year, the Trust has included the Mount Vernon Arsenal & Searcy Hospital on their list of endangered places. The Alabama Historical Commission and partners the Alabama Department of Mental Health, Alabama Trust for Historic Preservation, Alabama Bicentennial Commission, and the Mount Vernon Historic Preservation Society, are working to identify and address the site's most urgent preservation needs, develop long-term solutions, and draft a restoration plan for this extraordinary historically significant facility.
Each year, the list of America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places sheds light on important examples of our nation's heritage that are at risk of destruction or irreparable damage. Over 300 places have been listed in its 32-year history, and in that time, fewer than 5 percent of listed sites have been lost. "Mount Vernon and Searcy Hospital played a role in several difficult and complex chapters in our nation's history," said Katherine Malone-France, Interim Chief Preservation Officer at the National Trust for Historic Preservation. "This collection of historic buildings has been a cornerstone of Alabama's history and economy since the early 1800s."
"The Mount Vernon Arsenal and Searcy Hospital compound is unlike any other collection of structures in the country," said Lisa D. Jones, Executive Director of the Alabama Historical Commission. "Its early military presence and position supported our growing nation, while the later years created a narrative around conscientious reform and humanitarian movements. It is a proud day to work toward saving a site whose vast history mirrors the everchanging landscape of the times," continued Jones. "These are real places telling real stories, and they have a lot to offer each of us."
Located in north Mobile County, Mount Vernon Arsenal was established in early the 19th century and was in almost continuous occupation for over 200 years. The first use of the site is recorded before the War of 1812, by the U.S. Army as a cantonment for Fort Stoddard (1800-1811) on the Mobile River and as the southernmost border of the Federal Road, a key international border presence during the earliest formal movement to produce permanent national military defense facilities. The site was later used in the construction of a federal arsenal in 1828 and many of those buildings remain today.
In 1861, Mount Vernon Arsenal was seized by Confederate troops who occupied the site for the duration of the Civil War. The Arsenal was later converted to barracks where it became associated with the late 19th century social movement to reform and provide humane treatment for Native Americans and served as the administering headquarters for Apache Village (1887-1894). P.O.W. Apache leaders Geronimo, Naiche, and Mangus, and their followers were transferred from Fort Marion in Florida to Mount Vernon in 1888. They remained at Mount Vernon until 1894 when the POWs were transferred to Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
The Army turned the site over to the State of Alabama in 1895, and in 1900 the complex was converted to a mental health facility for African American patients, which was later integrated with the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
The dawning of the 20th century in America saw the emergence of pellagra, a then-unknown disease caused by a diet deficient in niacin and protein. In late summer 1906, Dr. George H. Searcy noted an illness in some patients at Mount Vernon and later reported his treatment and findings to colleagues at the Medical Association of Alabama. Searcy's contribution was vital in the overall discovery and treatment plan for an epidemic plaguing the country.
The Mount Vernon Arsenal and Searcy Hospital Complex was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The hospital remained in operation in 2012. These important buildings are now vacant, deteriorating, and vulnerable to the effects of the humid Alabama climate.
The National Trust's "11 Most Endangered Places" program, will bring a significant amount of national attention to the site. It does not come with funding assistance or any type of restrictions, but the program can elevate the story of Mount Vernon/Searcy in the national spotlight and help collaborators plan for maintenance, preservation, and interpretation of a place that tells a unique, American story.
There are 40 buildings on the site, 32 of which are considered "historically significant." 27 of the buildings on site have structural damage. 21 buildings on site date to the 19th century; five of which have substantial structural damage, including one collapse. All are in need of immediate repairs.
Efforts should focus on protecting and preserving the historical and architectural significance of the site while capitalizing on the millions of dollars the State of Alabama has invested in the complex over the past century and a half. Some restoration projects on site have been completed, such as the Survey and Arsenal Turret roof project. There are many critical needs, including other roof projects and stabilization efforts. Creative and constructive ways for adaptive reuse of the complex are possible with the right coalition.
On the ground in Mount Vernon, a local organization has been volunteering their time to the upkeep of the McCafferty House on site. "From the origins of Fort Stoddard to Geronimo to the history of Searcy Hospital, we are beyond excited to share the rich history of this area," said Melda Tipp, Chairman of the Mount Vernon Historical Preservation Society.
"The Alabama Trust for Historic Preservation cannot overemphasize the historical, archaeological, and architectural significance of this place," said Dr. Ashley Dumas with the ATHP. "The plight of Mount Vernon Arsenal/Searcy is urgent; any further losses would be tragic for Alabama's history and our people. The Alabama Trust commends the Mount Vernon Historical Society for their years of determined perseverance in bringing attention to the plight of the old Arsenal, and we look forward to continuing our partnership with them, the National Trust, and the AHC."
In recognition of the "11 Most Endangered" designation, the Alabama Historical Commission and partners will be hosting a press conference on Thursday, June 20 at 10 am at the McCafferty House on site at Searcy. AHC, which serves as the State Historic Preservation Office, is pleased for the opportunity to illuminate Mount Vernon and Searcy Hospital's history and impress upon citizens that the time is now to act and save these early structures.
To support this historic site, please contact Collier Neeley, National Register Coordinator at the Alabama Historical Commission. To learn more about the Alabama Historical Commission, please visit www.ahc.alabama.gov.
About the Alabama Historical Commission
Located in historic downtown Montgomery at 468 S. Perry Street, the Alabama Historical Commission is the state historic preservation agency for Alabama. The agency was created by an act of the state legislature in 1966 with a mission to protect, preserve and interpret Alabama's historic places. AHC works to accomplish its mission through two fields of endeavor: Preservation and promotion of state-owned historic sites as public attractions; and, statewide programs to assist people, groups, towns, and cities with local preservation activities. For a complete list of programs and properties owned and operated by the AHC, hours of operation, and admission fees please visit ahc.alabama.gov.
For more information, visit http://ahc.alabama.gov


Unattainable, walk in her shoes a mile.
She would boggle the mind.
Send you to the blinking moon.
Is she being grandiose or just kind?
As you stare into her rhetorical face.
Where did she float in from?
Where does she plan to drift off too?
She will be gone after she uses you.


Three policemen from Longshou Police Division of Jinchang City, Gansu Province died of cancer after treating practitioners brutally. The head of the Beijing Road Police Station was not repentant for what they had done and continued persecuting Dafa practitioners even after his predecessors had suffered karmic retribution. He has now been arrested and is awaiting trial for consorting with organized crime figures, opening a gambling house and beating people to disability.
Several policemen from the Political and Security Bureau in Huaiyang County have suffered karmic retribution after having persecuted Dafa disciples. Ren Wei, the key persecutor, is now in prison. Another key persecutor suffered severe injuries and is now receiving medical treatment. The rest have realized that they have done wrong, and have stopped doing such things or have restrained themselves more or less. It is now very difficult for the orders from the "610 office" (an agency specifically created to persecute Falun Gong, with absolute power over each level of administration in the Party and all other political and judiciary systems) to be carried out.
Around July 20, 2002, the police department received an order from the "610 office," which called for another round of persecution of Falun Gong practitioners. Policemen made their arrest plans. It was decided that the newly promoted vice director of the police department, He Yulin, would lead all policemen to arrest Dafa practitioners at night. After the meeting, He Yulin took a misstep and fell as he was walking down some stairs. The next morning, his foot was swollen and he had to go to hospital for examination. The result showed that there were several broken bones on the top of his foot, and he could not get up to go to work for several days. The plans for persecuting Dafa practitioners made by Huaiyang County's evildoers failed completely once again.
Kong Dequan, a resident of Sunzhuang Village, Chongzhuang Big Team, Chengguan Town, Huaiyang County, Henan Province, tore down Dafa truth clarification materials on July 8 and July 9, 2002. On July 10, 2002, a dog bit him. Kong Weiping (Party secretary, son of Kong Dequan) sent others to remove truth clarification statements. His wife had a relapse of high blood pressure and had to be hospitalized.
Li Degong, associate warden of Huaiyang County Detention Center, Henan Province, is very cruel and mistreats Dafa practitioners brutally. At around 8am on August 24, 2002, the weather in Huaiyang County suddenly changed. A boom of thunder frightened Li's own wolfhound. The dog dashed into the house and bit Li's head, face and shoulder and then pounced on Li's wife. His wife had several bite wounds on her chest, shoulder and upper body. After that, Li was first sent to Huaiyang Hospital and then transferred to a bigger hospital because the wounds on his head and face were so severe. His wife was treated in Huayang and still needs treatment due to recent infections and ulceration of the wounds on her chest.


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During my usually social media scroll yesterday morning whilst the children were tucked up on the sofa watching TV I came across a petition to stop Cebebbies being taken of air!!
What on earth are they thinking this channel has been my saviour for over eighteen years.
There is always the big debate as to how much TV children should watch and what is appropriate, and for me Cebebbies has been the perfect channel of choice for mine. They have have learnt about healthy eating with I Can Cook, explored the fun of gardening with Mr Bloom, had a peak at history with Andy's Dinosaur Adventures to name but a few.
The bedtime hour has always been part of our bedtime routine with the kids making me join in and sing the song at the end and wave goodnight to Iggle Piggle.
It even caused me to have an altercation in Woolworths many years ago as I nosed dived into the store to grab my eldest the much wanted Teletubbies toy.
Don't get me wrong not seeing Mr Tumbles face pop in in his hundreds of different guises would be a welcome break, but for many parents out there you are taking away a lifeline!
It gives them five minutes to have a coffee in peace, put some washing out, keeps an older sibling occupied in those early days of bringing a new born home.
Please reconsider this ludicrous decision for the sanity of parents all over the UK.


Happy Monday, ladies! We are so excited to share this first look with you all. About a month ago, I sat in one of my favorite local coffee shops, and had an outpouring of creative vision for this series. This time of year, we're all looking forward to upcoming weddings, formals, dinner parties, date nights, and a slew of other fun events that come out with warmer weather. Whether or not you are already thinking of your hair and makeup for those events, I wanted to provide several looks which could be used as inspiration for you, if even a little, for this coming season. I used different women of different ages, and played up their natural assets to create a look that is great on them, great for spring, and versatile enough for several events.
I have been loving the "Bardot" eye for spring, which is essentially a bold, winged top line, made soft by the rest of the subdued look. Steph has naturally big, gorgeous eyes and we wanted to play with that shape - but the Bardot is especially great for gals with smaller or inset eyes, because it brings the illusion of the eyes up (bigger) and out (wider). The pink lip pairs well with the bolder eye, and brightens up the whole face with a playfulness perfect for spring. The curls take a little extra time to prep, but once done, they look soft and bouncy, and have super staying power. Just like anything in life, give yourself grace and a little bit of time when trying something new, keep practicing, and make any adjustments that you like. Let us know what you think!
Layer up the liner! We used 3 (yes, 3!) different types of black liner for this look - a basic black pencil, a gel liner (you can use liquid), and an angled brush with black powder liner (you can use black eyeshadow). Start with the pencil, using small strokes into the top lash line. Then use your gel or liquid liner, and define the top line further, all the way from the inner corner of your eye to beyond the outer corner into the wing - just think Thin - Thick - Thin for the wing shape. Then, soften the line with your powdered liner (or black eyeshadow) using an angled brush. The different liners ensure that you can flub and fix without stressing.
Don't be afraid of the false lash. It's a little intimidating, but these days, there are plenty of natural looking false lash strips out there. Our favorite brand is Ardell in "Natural" - and guess what? You can trim the width of the strip before applying to fit your eye specifically, so it doesn't look like your eyes are about to start flapping and take flight.
Highlight! Use a highlighting eyeshadow (any cream, white, or champagne color will do) after completing your liner to brighten things up. We applied it to Steph's brow bone, the corner of her eye, along her bottom lash, and along the bottom of the "wing" of the liner.
Brighter in the tube, lighter on your face. For those of us who tend to shy away from lip color, just remember that the way it will look on your face (and especially in photos) will be a little lighter than it looks in-store in the tube. Take a trusted friend with you to Target or Sephora or wherever, and hold the tube up to your face to discuss which pink will be a good match for you. Bright pinks look fantastic for spring, and on any skin tone!
Prep your lip. Just like with a red lip, we like to gently brush concealer on and around the lip before applying the color, which helps the color stay put a little longer.
Comb out the curls with your fingers. Especially if you use the steps above, those curls are gonna be bouncy when you un-pin them. Do not be put off, because they will fall into more gentle curls, but still maintain their shape for at least 1 cha-cha-slide, 10 "I haven't seen you in forever" hugs, and 1 round of "Shout"
Pin 'em up or leave them down. Soft curls are easier to play with, while still maintaining their shape. We pinned some of Steph's up (and THEN hairsprayed the heck out of it) but they would look great down for a more simple occasion!
THANK YOU to all of you who entered the Spring Pick Giveaway!
Congratulations to Ashley Scott for winning this awesome loot! Email me at lulahairandmakeup@gmail.com to claim your goodies!


The full results from snooker's International Championship, which took place in Daqing, China from October 29-November 5.
The eighth ranking event of the 2017/18 snooker season took place in Daqing, China (October 29-November 5), as world number one Mark Selby emerged triumphant with a victory over Mark Allen in the final.
Here, you can look back on how how the Eurosport-televised event panned out with all the results and daily reviews.


Private and public schools in Lagos State will now resume on October 8, 2014.
Governor Babatunde Fashola approved the new resumption date at a stakeholders' forum held Sunday, at Lagos Television Blue Roof, Agindigbi, Ikeja. The forum was attended by headteachers and principals of schools in the state.
According to the governor, the shift in date is to allow for adequate distribution of Ebola preventive materials in schools across the state.


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Instructor of English
Visiting Assistant Professor in Geography
The Vanguard School of Lake Wales Inc
SEEKING EQUINE VETERINARIAN WHO WANTS TO LIVE THEIR BEST VET LIFE
Clover Valley Veterinary Services
Physician Primary Care
Postdoctoral Research Associate in Environment and Society
Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania
FOURTH GRADE (10th Age) TEACHER
Calvert School
Division of Pediatric Medical Genetics Clinical Biochemical Geneticist Faculty
Food Systems Specialist (Cornell Cooperative Extension); Central New York
New York State, New York
Lecturer in Modern Middle East History
Smith College Provost Office
Northampton, Massachusetts
Associate/Full Professor in Public Policy and Director of the Center for Geospatial Sciences
Assistant Teaching Professor in Global Health
Cloud DevSecOps Engineer - Secure-by-Design Specialist Master
Assistant Professor of Central American Literature and Culture
Colonel Richard R. Hallock Distinguished University Chair in Military History
Columbus, Georgia
Bridge to the Faculty Postdoctoral Research Associate
Department of Urban Planning and Policy at the University of Illinois Chicago
Middle School Social Studies Teacher
The Cooper School
Assistant & Full Professors: Cancer Research
Associate/Full Professor of Practice
Daniel K. Inouye, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
Assistant Professor - (Tenure Track) - History, Art and Architecture (22-23)
Division of Critical Care - HS Clinical, Clinical X, Adjunct, and In Residence Faculty Series
Cloud DevSecOps Engineer - Secure-by-Design Manager
Long-Term Substitute Middle-School Social Studies Teacher
Heilicher Minneapolis Jewish Day School
Location: Fort Worth, Texas
This role is an on campus, in-person position.
The English Department of Texas Christian University invites applicants for three (3) full-time positions as Instructor of Writing, a non-tenure-track, renewable position beginning in August 2022.
Applicants should demonstrate extensive scholarly knowledge of and experience in the teaching of composition/writing that intersect with two or more of the following areas of expertise: Indigenous rhetoric, decolonized rhetoric, decolonized pedagogies, translingualism, African American rhetoric, Black language and literacy, Latinx Rhetoric, Asian American rhetoric, disability studies, race and rhetoric, anti-racist pedagogies, critical whiteness studies, digital writing, digital rhetoric, multimodal and/or multimedia pedagogies, performance rhetoric/ popular culture (TV, film, music), rhetoric of science, queer rhetoric, feminist pedagogy, intersectional rhetoric/intersectionality and rhetoric.
The position requires teaching: 1) 6 sections of introductory level and intermediate writing per year; 2) 2 sections of specialty writing courses for the writing minor and major per year. The teaching load is 4-4. In addition to teaching duties, successful candidates will contribute to the writing minor/major and English department and participate in service duties, including advising undergraduates, shaping the major, and serving on departmental, college, and university committees.
We invite applicants to demonstrate in their application materials how they might contribute to the writing program's core mission of providing a socially just literacy education. While diversity, equity, and inclusion are central to our students' liberal arts education and vital to the current mission of Texas Christian University, the writing program aspires to be actively anti-racist as an ongoing collective commitment. We welcome applicants who are committed to the social and intellectual richness of college writing instruction and who are resolute in advancing justice and equity with it.
Department Details
Students and faculty in the Department of English at TCU are committed to a variety of intellectual and creative pursuits fostered by the exploration of literature, rhetoric and writing. The department includes a cohort of rhetoric and composition faculty, and both tenure-stream and non-tenure-stream faculty who work together to schedule courses, organize curriculum, and serve on various committees. Instructors are voting members of the department who enjoy competitive salaries and benefits, support for professional development, and opportunities for promotion and advancement within the Instructor rank.
School/College Description
Named for TCU's founders, Addison and Randolph Clark, the AddRan College of Liberal Arts is home to the core academic disciplines of the humanities and social sciences. The College includes approximately 155 full-time faculty members, 11 departments (Criminal Justice, Economics, English, Geography, History, Modern Language Studies, Philosophy, Political Science, Religion, Sociology & Anthropology, and Spanish and Hispanic Studies), and two units of Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Army and Air Force). AddRan College departments confer 15 Bachelor of Arts and six Bachelor of Science degrees, a Bachelor of General Studies, an online master's degree in Criminal Justice, a Master of Liberal Arts degree, and master's and Ph.D. degrees in History, English, and Rhetoric and Composition.
University & Fort Worth Description
ABOUT TCU
Founded in 1873, Texas Christian University sits on 299 acres nestled in a primarily residential part of Fort Worth, just minutes away from downtown. The University includes eight schools and colleges, in addition to the John V. Roach Honors College and the new TCU and UNTHSC School of Medicine, which is operated in collaboration with the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth.
Currently, TCU enrolls 9,474 undergraduates and 1,490 graduate students. Twenty-six percent of students self-identify as a member of a minority group, 5 percent are international students, and 42 percent are from out-of-state. Our students are supported by more than 2,200 faculty and staff. The University has more than 700 full-time faculty members, 87 percent of whom hold a terminal degree. For nine consecutive years, TCU has been selected as one of the Great Colleges to Work For®.
At TCU, diversity, equity and inclusion are an educational imperative that is tied directly to our University mission and vision. For the second consecutive year, TCU has earned the Higher Education Excellence in Diversity Award, which highlights our ongoing commitment to build a comprehensive DEI strategy that aligns with our core values and to create a campus culture where everyone is respected and feels included. Among TCU's actions this year was approving a resolution to adopt DEI into its core curriculum.
ABOUT FORT WORTH
Like TCU, Fort Worth has the approachable, friendly charm of a smaller town, but offers the amenities, cultural activities, diversity and unique personality of a much larger city. Fort Worth, Texas, is the 13th largest city in the United States with an ever-growing population nearing 1 million. Fort Worth is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, the fourth largest metropolitan area in the United States, and the number 1 tourist destination in Texas. In 2018, bizjournals.com ranked Fort Worth the 7th most affordable city to live and work in the United States and U.S. News and World Report named Fort Worth one of the Best Places to Live. Fort Worth, Dallas and Arlington all rank among the top 25 most diverse cities in the country.
Fort Worth is known for its vast array of cultural, educational and entertainment opportunities. The city boasts three world class art museums—the Kimbell Art Museum, the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth and the Amon Carter Museum of American Art. The Bass Performance Hall is one of the premier performance venues in the country. Concerts, film festivals and other events are held regularly at Sundance Square, Panther Island and Near Southside venues.
Required Application Materials & Application Instructions
The successful candidate will have a Ph.D. in Composition and Rhetoric or a closely related field with specialization in Composition and Rhetoric from a regionally accredited institution at the start of employment. Teaching experience in first year writing is required. Commitment to and excellence in undergraduate writing instruction is also required. All materials are to be submitted online at https://jobs.tcu.edu/en-us/listing/.
We will begin reviewing applications on January 3, 2022 and will continue until the position is filled. All questions regarding the application process may be directed to Human Resources at hrtalentacquisition@tcu.edu or 817-257-7790. Other questions may be directed to the search committee chair, Dr. Brad Lucas at b.e.lucas2@tcu.edu.
AA/EEO Statement
As an AA/EEO employer, TCU recruits, hires, and promotes qualified persons in all job classifications without regard to age, race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, ethnic origin, disability, genetic information, covered veteran status, or any other basis protected by law.
About Texas Christian University
TCU is all about the experience. This is a place where students learn how to adapt to whatever the future might bring, develop critical thinking skills and expand their creativity. With a choice of rigorous academic programs in 130 undergraduate areas of study, 61 master's level programs and 24 areas of doctoral study, Horned Frogs have opportunities to search for meaning and examine values, yet graduate well-prepared for professional accomplishment. Whether in the fine arts or business or engineering, Horned Frogs can develop their full creative potential here. For example, both MBA and undergraduate students at the Neeley School of Business benefit from an experience ranked at the top by Bloomberg Businessweek and U.S. News & World Report — not in spite of, but because of, the focus on the individual. At TCU, professors love being in the classroom. These mentoring teacher-scholars also conduct well-published, leading-edge research, often with undergraduates at their sides. Horned Frogs live, learn and play 24-7 in a 277-acre setting in a vibrant city. They work out in state-of-the-art recreation facilities, catch Big 12 NCAA athletic competition and participate in 200+ organizati...ons, all without leaving the campus. That's when they're not providing thousands of hours of volunteer service to their community, interning in New York or LA, practicing journalism in Washington, D.C., experiencing international business in China or perfecting Spanish in Seville. It's how Horned Frogs are learning to change the world.
Connections working at Texas Christian University
https://careers.ncge.org/jobs/15866735/instructor-of-english


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Canada invited 1,628 candidates via the International Experience Canada program
Home > Blog > Canada invited 1,628 candidates via the International Experience Canada program
13 May Canada invited 1,628 candidates via the International Experience Canada program
IRCC continues to invite candidates in the streams of International Experience Canada (IEC) program. In the last week, Canada issued 1,628 Invitations to Apply (ITA). Many Working Holiday candidates from Australia, Ireland, Germany, and the Netherlands were invited (about 100 invitations for each country) in this round. Several candidates from other countries received ITAs via other streams of the IEC – Young Professionals and International Co-op. In total, Canada issued 84,288 ITAs via IEC in 2019, as of May 10, 2019.
#IEC, #Working_holiday, #ITA, #IRCC
Canada's embassy in Havana is no longer processing applications
On May 8, 2019, it was announced that Canada's embassy in Havana is no longer processing visa applications due to staffing cutbacks over unexplained health incidents among Canadian and U.S. diplomats in the Cuban capital. In January, Canada reduced its embassy to skeletal staffing. Beginning May 8, 2019, it would no longer process applications for visitor and residence visas, or work and study permits. The U.S. Embassy already had reduced staffing and stopped processing visa applications in 2017. Cubans have been forced to go to third countries to apply for visas. Canada said in a statement that Cubans could apply for services at an embassy in a third country or online.
#IRCC, #Cuba
4,000 millionaires became Canadian residents in 2018
Canada has become one of the most attracting locations for wealthy immigrants. It became the world's third-largest destination of rich migrants in 2018. More than 4,000 "high net worth individuals" received Canadian Permanent Residence, according to a report from New World Wealth. More millionaires immigrated only to the United States and Australia. Millionaires are leaving their home countries due to the high crime rate, fewer business opportunities and poor public education.


Installing on Solaris 2.x and Solaris 1.x operating systems.
Solaris 2.x procedures begin on page 3.
Solaris 1.x procedures begin on page 13.
Installing on a single independent license server.
If you plan to configure either your license or product servers in a multiple independent or redundant server setup use the WorkShop Installation and Licensing Guide.
Getting and installing licenses using email.
If you want to use fax or phone information to get and install your licenses, again, refer to the WorkShop Installation and Licensing Guide for specifics.


This ladies Frenchcore Worldwide tanktop is full colour double printed. The extra large print is screen printed to make the print blend perfectly with the black tanktop. 95% cotton and 5% elastane stretching perfectly to your body.


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Nintendo hits 'reset' on NES Classic, will reissue it next summer
Channing King
Leaving luck to heaven sometimes works...
Nintendo has announced it will reissue the NES Classic Mini next summer, promising more details on its re-release date and shipment quantities later.
This announcement goes against Nintendo calling the retro tchotchke a limited time product, with the last shipments hitting retailers in April. The reason for the backtracking is unknown, but it could be as simple as Nintendo realizing the demand for the console could support extended manufacturing runs.
If you don't remember the NES Classic from last holiday season — when it seemed to show up less often than Brigadoon — it was Nintendo's first foray into the "nostalgic console reproduction" market. With an MSRP of $59.99 that was quickly surpassed on eBay, the miniaturized console came with one reproduction NES controller and an HDMI cable.
More important, the NES Classic had 30 vintage games built in, from Nintendo's own "Super Mario Bros." and "The Legend of Zelda" to 3rd-party favorites "Castlevania" and "Ghosts n' Goblins." (You can see the full lineup in last year's article about its announcement.) Though you couldn't add more with an SD card, the presence of a USB port let people mess with the system, including adding not just more NES games but also emulators for other systems.
LAST YEAR'S MODEL:Nintendo rolling out retro mini NES
THIS YEAR'S MODEL:Nintendo to release SNES Classic this fall
You've likely seen similar consoles modeled on the Atari VCS, Sega Genesis or ColecoVision on store shelves. Unlike those systems, which were licensed to and manufactured by ATGames, the NES Classic Mini is made by Nintendo itself. (The fact Nintendo itself and not some outside company would be stuck with unsold product could explain limiting the NES Classic's initial production run.)
This announcement comes as Nintendo, in the form of Nintendo of America President Reggie Fils-Aimé, is trying to reassure consumers that this year's SNES Classic will be more readily available when it launches Sept. 29. In an interview with The Financial Times, Reggie said Nintendo had learned from last year's mistakes, and that people shouldn't have to spend more than $80 — the SNES Classic's MSRP — to get one.
Of course, that's easier said than done...


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Longnose Hawkfish Care and Breeding Guide
Longnose Hawkfish, scientifically known as Oxycirrhites typus, is a popular marine water aquarium fish that has its native habitat in the tropical reefs of both the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the ocean, it is usually found in depths that can be as deep as 10 to 100 meters deep. In the past, the fish had a reputation for being expensive and difficult to find in the market. Things have now changed and now the fish is more readily available in pet shops and the cost is also more affordable.
It has become a big favorite for most hobbyists due to its high tolerance to diseases, high level of intelligence, and its colorful body. The fish can sometime get frisky and needs to be provided with plenty of rocky hiding places within the tank. Because the fish is highly territorial it is best to introduce it into a community aquarium last to avoid the possibility territorial aggression. If you are going to keep the fish in the same tank with other fish, it best to choose the tank mates carefully. The fish is a highly aggressive predator who will easily feed on other small fish as well as invertebrates.
Appearance of Longnose Hawkfish
The fish has got a very long snout and features a tuft of cirri that is found just next to the tip of each the dorsal spine. The tail fin of the fish is concave-like in shape. Awkwardly though, the fish lacks a swim bladder which anyway is a characteristic of all other members of the fish that belong to the Cirrhitidae family.
The fish has got impressive patterns that adorn its body from the head to its tail fin. The colors of the patterns on its body are red and white that form markings that are mottled. The fish usually grows to a maximum of five inches in total length and features patterns all over its body that resembles those on other fish such as scorpion fish, rockfish, and lionfish. Please note that the adult males of the fish have a characteristic fringing on their pelvic and caudal fins.
Native Habitat and Natural Distribution in the Wild
The original natural habitat for the fish is the Indo-Pacific as well as the East Pacific. In the Indo-Pacific, the geographical distribution of the fish extends from the Red Sea and South Africa waters to Hawaii. This range goes as far north as the southern parts of Japan and also as far south as parts of New Caledonia. On the eastern Pacific region, the fish is found between the Gulf of California to the northern coast of Colombia as well as the Galapagos Islands.
In the waters, the fish is usually found in depths of from 10 meters to 100 meters. The Longnose Hawkfish specifically likes to hang in areas of the water with steep outer reef slopes that usually have strong currents. The fish prefers to perch itself on black corals and Gorgonians where it waits for small fish and invertebrates to feed on.
Tank requirements and care
The fish needs to be housed in a tank that is at least thirty gallons with lots of rocks and corals to replicate the natural environment where it lives in. It is on these rocks that the fish likes to perch itself on. The water temperature in the tank needs to be set to be around 24 – 26°C. Please note that this temperature range is almost the same as that it experiences while in the wild.
Never house the fish with other species of fish that are too small to be eaten by it. It is a highly aggressive predator fish that will easily eat small fish! Longnose Hawkfish is not known to like eating crustaceans but because it is an aggressive predator don't take chances with it by placing it in the same tank with your crustaceans.
Don't house the fish in a tank with corals that have strong stings i.e. Sea Anemones or Catalaphyllia. These may kill the fish easily! Ensure that the water is salty because the fish is a marine water fish. The lighting in the tank should be moderate as the fish is sometimes found in depths of 300 feet.
Performing water changes on a regular basis is the best thing to do in order to provide the fish an optimum environment.
Feeding the fish
It is a carnivorous predator fish that needs to be fed on meat while in the aquarium setting. You can feed it foods such as live brine shrimp or even frozen foods. There are reported cases of the fish that have been conditioned to eating even dried foods. Don't just feed I one particular food but balance its diet. You can offer it different types of crustaceans as these are some of the staple food that forms its natural diet in the wild. Offering it other types of smaller fish and other meaty products can also do.
All breeds of the fish usually start their early stages of life as females but usually have the ability to transforming into males later in their lives. The male of the fish is known to court the female when time for spawning is around the corner. If you are keen enough and you have a pair of male and female, you may notice some sort of courtship dance in your aquarium. It is unfortunate however to note that even when successful spawning occurs in the tank, the offspring that result may not mature to adults.
The Longnose Hawkfish is a marine water aquarium fish that can make a great addition to your aquarium. It is known to be highly territorial and aggressive especially with small fish and therefore if you plant to house it together with other fish species don't put it in the same tank with very small fish.
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According to the latest Bluegrass Poll, conducted Oct. 23 through 26, Democrat Andy Beshear has pulled ahead of Republican Whitney Westerfield in the race for attorney general and incumbent Adam Edelen has pulled ahead of GOP challenger Mike Harmon for state auditor.
Meanwhile, the race for state treasurer between Republican Allison Ball and Democrat Rick Nelson appears to be too close to call, and Republican Ryan Quarles has forged ahead of Democrat Jean-Marie Lawson Spann in the race for agriculture commissioner.
In the race for secretary of state, Alison Lundergan Grimes appears to have a commanding lead over Republican Steve Knipper, according to the poll.
And in the Kentucky governor's race, Democrat Jack Conway maintains his lead over Matt Bevin.
The poll was conducted by SurveyUSA for The Courier-Journal and three media partners. The poll's results are based on the responses of 798 Kentuckians who were determined by SurveyUSA to be likely voters, and the margin of error is plus or minus 3.5 percentage points.


Solo Ads For Internet Marketing, can be a great way to build fast!
When you dive into the business of Internet marketing, and the tools for internet marketing there are a multitude of tools in the toolbox to ensure success. But when you utilize solo ads for internet marketing, you can not only promote products, but you can quickly build your valuable Email list!
This is one great answer for how to build your list fast!
In this article we will dive into the subject with a discussion of the basics of using solo ads' for internet marketing.
I will touch on what solo ads' are, the benefits of running solos, and how you can do it for maximum effect!
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Solo ads' are also known as CPA marketing (Cost Per Action) and are done to get traffic via someone else's Email list. You pay the person to e mail his list with your landing page link.
The Solo ads' marketplace I use is Udimi.com. Udimi is primarily a marketplace for promoting affiliate marketing promotions such as study courses, make money online, and MLM (Multi level marketing) offers.
I am promoting the training course that I used to build my online business , by purchasing solo ads.
If you decide to run a solo ad the process is simple.
You first start by clicking on ad texts. This allows you to create an Email message that you want one of the vendors in the UDIMI marketplace to mail to a segment of their list on your behalf.
You add a hyperlinked "Click Here" to take the person who receives this Email message to you're landing page.
Once at you're landing page you can add that person to your subscriber list if they opt-in. Then when they check their Email to confirm there will be a button that is generated in your auto-responder that takes them to a video, sales page or whatever the offer is.
How Useful Are Solo Ads For Online Marketing?
Solo ads' are extremely valuable as one source of growth in your online business ! I don't think that it's a better strategy than building a niche website by a long way! But for beginners it's a great strategy to get paid traffic to build an Email list and promote products! Whether you are promoting an affiliate offer such as ClickBank, your own product or testing a funnel, Solo Ads are a very effective tool for seeing success!
Solo Ads are very easy to use and setup.
And the expense is determined by you. For instance, you choose the number of recipients you want to have Emailed. The price per click is well explained and can be anywhere from $.35 to $1.00 depending on how responsive and targeted the list is.
So if you want the vendor to Email a segment of 100 at $.35 each, your price is $35.
All solo ads are not the same !
I use Udimi quite a bit. And I suggest that you do a little research on solos offered in your niche before doing it! Watch out for scams ! There are solo ad providers out there who use fake clicks, steal clicks and other means ! But with a little due diligence you should do just fine !
There are several solo ad vendors as well as individuals that you can strike up a deal with!
simple and quickly learned, but the first time you do it can be a little confusing! In the nice of online income and marketing , I like Udimi.com a lot! They are very reputable and have high standards!
If the % of tier recipients is below 85 don't pay over 50 cents unless you are trying for initial sales of a high converting product with the solo ad.
Make sure you adjust the slider to the number of contacts you want Emailed. Many of the best-sellers start off with the slider set at 1000 recipients. If that seller is getting 50 cents per recipient and you wanted to buy 100 clicks at $50, the slider being set at 1000 means you will get 1000 contacts at a price of $500!
Never spend over $50 on an initial solo ad! I spent $120 on a solo ad after checking the function of the landing page several times. When I made my ad test I hyperlinked the Tank You page instead of the Landing page! I got no opt-ins and no sales of course ! I just lost $120!
Another reason to not spend over $50 on a new solo is that if you are testing a landing page, you may find out that you're landing page doesn't convert and you have to make some changes. Sometimes it tales 2-3 tests or more to find a landing page that converts!
If you are using a funnel service like ClickFunnels, set up a split test between 2 landing pages that you think,may convert. The 2 landing pages will both be delivered with an equal amount of views. Then based on your results, go with the one that converts best, and make another landing page to use as a split test. Do it again.
There are other marketplaces that offer solo ads, but some become very expensive and can be very costly if done incorrectly. Once you have become comfortable with Cost Per Action (CPA) Solo Ads, you can do some research into more advanced solo ad providers like Igors Solos with Igor Kheifets.
Igor has a very productive way to optimize your solo ads campaigns, but keep in mind that the increase in quality is also a huge increase in cost! You get what you pay for is absolutely correct here!
I have had tremendous luck using Udimi for building my E Mail list, and have seen little reason to change! With Udimi you can send a solo ad as small as 50 people for $21 ! That is hard to beat!
To run any kind of online business you will need an Email service provider called an auto responder.
The auto responder will handle the bulk of the work for you on autopilot! From collecting Emails in a promotion and adding them to a segmented part of your list, to sending out a series of Emails to those who opt in.
You will set up a series of Emails to send the people who decided to opt-in but didn't purchase the promotion.
Many promotions will have affiliate tools available with banners and Email swipes pre-written that you can use to quickly set up your auto responder functions with. These Email swipes may be as few as one or two. Or as many as 20 over a period of 20-30 days.
You spend a couple of hours setting the auto- responder Messages up, and setting the integration to you're landing page, and you are done for as long as you promote that product and build your list!
The Solo ads' marketplace that you have signed up for on a free account will keep the original swipe Email you first sent. You can buy a solo every few weeks by simply choosing the vendor in the marketplace, and paying. The entire process stays set up!
I once used MailChimp as my auto responder, but over time found that their service leaves a lot to be desired and they deplore affiliate marketers. I had a couple of very bad experiences with them, and decided to switch services. Here is my updated review on Mail Chimp.
I now use Aweber, and could not be happier! It is much easier to use and is only $19 per month for up to 1500 subscribers. I love it and have had no issues! I would suggest it to a beginner in online business as well as an established marketer! It works !
The image above is a screen shot of a recent promotion Solo where Aweber collected 138 Email subscribers to this new segment that I paid $150 for. I also had three sales totaling $177. So I made $27 and added a new segment of 138 subscribers ! Great day!
It's best to set up tracking links with a service like ClickMagic so that you know what is successful and isn't. It works kind of like the split test in you're landing page software, and is vital! All these steps sound complicated, but are pretty easy to set up after you do it once.
There are also other fields that show items like cost per click, earnings per click, and return on investment that can be set up for tracking. But since the example was one that I only used for a solo add, I didn't need to track all the other criteria.
Who should consider Solo Ads?
The very First thing any new online business owner should consider doing is building an Email list! Solo ads' help get that started when you don't even have a means of traffic yet! You can set your budget and let it fly to promote an opt-in affiliate offer and track the results.
We have talked about the advantages of solo ads' for both new and experienced online marketers. The ins and outs of setting them up and some results I have gotten.
Solo ads' are another great tool in online marketing! But I still see building niche websites and YouTube as far better sources of traffic!.
Websites and YouTube can drive traffic in the thousands to your opt-ins and offers for free! But even with a highly ranked website, solo ads' should be in your tool box as a way of increasing your list and potential sales !
Thanks for reading my article on solo ads! We have discussed the basics and some advanced steps for creating and benefitting from the use of solo ads for both promo sales and building an Email list!
For even more awesome training and tips visit us here and learn everything you would like to know to greatly improve your internet marketing skills !
If you have comments or questions please leave them below. It is with your help that I can better serve my audience !
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Lots of good information. I saw solo ads mentioned before and different teachings but I didn't know what they were actually or how they work. You have cleared all that up, thank you.
If you have more comments or questions please leave them in the comments section below and I will get back as soon as possible!
I am just a newbie so I think that solo ads can be beneficial to me. However I wonder how long does it take to make good money with it? I also wonder how I should track the results. Should I use plug in or should I use some analytics program?
If you are building a website, you have a big leg up on 60% of affiliate marketers. If your website ranks well and gets good traffic, you will have (in some cases) 10,000 highly targeted leads to promote your affiliate offers and landing pages to! Ads are awesome and should be part of your strategy! But it depends on the ads. Adwords is a tremendous service if you play it right. solo ads are also great for getting opt-ins and sales, but much of the time the traffic and opt ins aren't as targeted as you would like. If you do use a solo ad market place use one that is reputable like Udimi.
If you have further questions or comments, leave them below and I'll get back ti you as soon as possible!
I have tried to use Solo ads before but without much success. I was promoting a program on how to seduce women but I had a hard time finding any suitable solo ad provider, most people seemed to be dealing with marketing and how to make money online. Finally I tried something called 10 dollar solo ads. They sent my offer to thousands of subscribers for only 10 dollars but the traffic was absolutely useless, I did not recieve a single sign-up or sale.
Still, I have heard that some people are enjoying great success with Solo ads so guess it is question of finding the right solo ad provider and providing the right offer to the people on the list.
Thank you for the info about Clickmagic, I will look into that, it does seem useful.