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How the Chinese Government Came To Dominate Chinese Language Media in the United States
[FEATURE]
Exploiting freedom of speech, the Chinese government penetrated the
U.S. market and is now dominating the Chinese-language media.
For about the past 13 years, Chinese-speaking media outlets have seen a steady and systematic expansion in the United States. This development is mostly attributed to investments by the Chinese government since the majority of these outlets, especially for TV programs and newspapers, are either directly backed by the Chinese government or carry content that is in line with the Chinese government's agenda.
It appears totally legal for the Chinese government-backed media groups to acquire a foothold in the United States and continue to expand. Of course, while these media outlets are free to spread Chinese government rhetoric and propaganda in the United States, the Chinese mainland has remained closed to outside news sources.
With state-owned media monopolizing the news sources in China itself, the Chinese government is able to carry out anti-American campaigns in China without any check-and-balance from independent news sources outside of China. At the same time, it is able to continuously broadcast pro-government propaganda and anti-American sentiment in the United States through its overseas media outlets, without interference from the U.S. government.
What's more, the Chinese Embassy and Consulates in the United States have been able to gain dominance within the Chinese communities on American soil and promote the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP's) agenda.
Global Expansion of CCTV
During the last decade, the systematic expansion of Chinese propaganda began to occur in communities abroad at an accelerated pace. Take China Central Television (CCTV) as an example. According to its Chinese language web site, "CCTV is the important news agency of China. It is an important mouthpiece of the [Chinese Communist] Party, government and people. It is an important base of mind and culture." "The safe broadcast of CCTV is an important political task." CCTV is a state monopoly. It offers 16 channels, delivered terrestrially and by satellite, broadcasting 329 hours of programming a day, 596 hours per day if paid channels are included. In China, it oversees 36 provincial stations and more than 700 city stations. These stations mix their own local programming with CCTV's. Through 10 satellites, its broadcasting covers the entire globe. The CCTV website, cctv.com, has a daily page views of over 15 million, and is one of the top six strategically important government websites in China. In America, CCTV is on nationwide satellite network and cables in at least 15 metropolitan areas (see Table 1).
CCTV began its global expansion in 1992 by carrying out a systematic, global growth plan aimed at reaching Chinese audiences around the world. The focus from 1992 to 1995 was Asia Pacific, United States, and Middle East. The target group in 1996 was European overseas Chinese. The year 1997 saw the expansion into Africa; and in 1998, more expansion into the United States. Currently, CCTV plans to establish a 24-hour news channel and make itself available on satellite and cable TV systems. The expansion steps completed within the United States (see Table 2) are as follows:
• Establish global satellite channels: CCTV-4 (Chinese) and CCTV-9 (English), CCTV-E&F (French and Spanish, 12 hours programming each per day)
• Purchase cable channels or hours in major U.S. metropolitan areas
• Provide CCTV programs, especially news, to public and private stations for free
• Contribute to TV stations on campuses of American universities
Infiltration of Chinese-Language Media in America
The method of infilitrating the American Chinese-language media is twofold: One is to sponsor local Chinese media groups that are registered as independent media, and then impose news censorship through direct and indirect financial control or ownership; the other is to suppress independent Chinese-language media in the United States through political and economic pressure.
In the Boston area alone, five out of the eight local Chinese-language newspapers are either controlled by, or under the heavy influence of, the Chinese government. Dr. Pengfei Wei, a physicist working at MIT who is familiar with the Boston-area Chinese community, revealed:
"Beginning with the Sino American Times, this is a free weekly newspaper previously called the Boston Chinese Report. It is believed that the Chinese government funded its expansion in August 2002. The director of this newspaper, Mr. Liping Liu, had worked for the Xinhua News Agency for many years before he and his wife came to the United States. From different sources I learned that the editing and typesetting of the Sino American Times main pages are conducted in mainland China and then forwarded to Boston for publishing."
Daily newspapers in the Boston area include China Press, Mingpao, Singtao Daily and World Journal. These newspapers are distributed across the United States, and are known to be influenced by the Chinese government, as revealed by a report in an issue of the Jamestown Foundation's China Brief (How China's government is attempting to control Chinese media in America, by Mei Duzhe, CHINA BRIEF, Volume 1 , Issue 10, November 21, 2001).
Inside sources revealed that the news of China Press is directly from the Xinhua News Agency or the China News Agency, which are the two major official government news agencies. "Mingpao and Singtao Daily did not have the authority to report on Hong Kong's Article 23 legislation or SARS in a timely manner," observed by Ms. Jiang Zhu, a local reporter for The Epoch Times. Managers of these newspapers told Ms. Zhu that news is censored, such as the news about Jiang Zemin and other Chinese government officials being sued in the United States and in other countries. They also told her that, as ordered by their headquarters office, they cannot report any positive information with the words "Falun Gong," in it, or run any advertisements provided by a Falun Gong group in their newspapers, Ms. Zhu went on to say.
Dr. Samuel Zhou, Vice President of Programming at New Tang Dynasty Television (NTDTV) and a prominent scholar on media policy in China, summarized the Chinese government's methods for infiltrating and dominating the overseas Chinese-language media as such:
"One popular way is to build up a 'United Front' by inviting selected overseas media to contribute at overseas Chinese media forums. The Chinese government runs these types of conferences every year or two, and invites over 100 overseas media to attend. Individual meetings are arranged with some of the owners and/or chief editors of the local newspapers, television stations, and radio stations. Through purchasing shares, the government can gain complete ownership or own the majority of shares."
One typical example is the Singtao Newspaper Group (STNG). STNG was established in Hong Kong in 1938. In the 1960s, regional offices were established in San Francisco, New York, and Los Angeles to publish Singtao Daily in North America. In the late 1980s, the Chinese government bought shares from STNG's owner Sally Aw Sian. The past decade or so has seen the transformation of Singtao Daily into a pro-Communist newspaper. Sally Aw Sian has since become a member of China's National Political Consultative Conference. The current owner, Global China Group, established Greater China Media Services Limited, a joint venture with People's Daily's Da Di Distribution Center in September 2002.
"Other strategies include purchasing broadcast time and advertising space from existing independent media and to influence what they can and cannot report," said Dr. Zhou. "They also deploy government personnel to work in independent media, achieving influence from within their ranks."
Table 2. CCTV's Global Expension Timeline
Time Region/Field Notes
October 1, 1992 Asia pacific and U.S. (Satellite, Chinese) Targeted at Chinese outside of China through PanAmSatellite (PAS)-2 Asia Pacific and PAS-3 transatlantic satellites. [3]
Mid 1995 Europe, Middle East and Indian Subcontinent (Satellite, Chinese) Extended CCTV's coverage to Europe, the Middle East, the Indian Subcontinent and Asia through a deal with PAS. [4]
Early 1996 Europe (Satellite, Chinese) Started broadcasting through a
global satellite network. CCTV expects to reach 40 million Chinese living outside of China. Chinese speakers in Europe can receive five hours of late night Chinese language programming from private satellite broadcasters. [5]
April 1996 Global (Strengthening) (Satellite, Chinese) Added five channels to its international services on three PAS satellites. CCTV became one of the world's largest international broadcasters. [6]
June 1997 Africa (Satellite, Chinese) CCTV 24-hour international service began broadcasting throughout Africa [7]
May 1998 U.S. (Cable, Chinese) China Central Television's overseas service, CCTV-4, Chinese language channel, became available to U.S. cable operators free of license fees and packaging restrictions as part of International Channel's digital tier of ethnic services, International Premium Networks. CCTV reached more than 240 million television households in the United States [2]
September 25, 2000 Global (Satellite, English) CCTV officially launched its all-English channel, CCTV-9. The new channel is on 24 hours a day, featuring newscasts every hour on the hour.
November 2000 Philippines (Cable, English) CCTV-9 on the cable network in Philippines via SkyCable Pacific CATV, Inc. [8]
January 2002 U.S. (Cable, English) CCTV-9, CCTV's 24-hour English channel, was offered to AOL Time Warner cable audiences in New York, Los Angeles and Houston. It also became available on cable networks in the United States owned by News Corp such as DirecTV.
Early 2003 U.S. (Hotel chains, English) MTV Networks distributes China's English-language channel CCTV-9 in hotels across the U.S. [9]
March 2003 France, UK, and Ireland (Satellite, English) GlobeCast's digital DTH platforms on Hot Bird and Eurobird offer CCTV-9 access to over 1.2 million TPS subscribers in France as well as 6.3 million Sky Digital subscribers across the UK and Ireland. [10]
June 2003 South America (Cable, Chinese) Bolivian CATV multi-system operator, Vidivision, has added China Central Television's Mandarin-language international channel, CCTV-4, to its programming bouquet. The deal was brokered through the Chinese Embassy in Bolivia, which provided free decoders to Vidivision. The Vidivision deal brings to five the number of South American countries with cable access to CCTV programming. The others are Panama, Belize, Brazil, and Chile. [11]
Unknown, but probably in between mid 2003 and mid 2004 UK (Cable, English) CCTV-9, the 24-hour English channel is available on B-Sky-B cable service by British Sky Broadcasting.
October 1, 2004 French and Spanish channel: CCTV-E&F CCTV-E&F is a comprehensive 24-hour news channel. The program rotates three times a day. In the 8 hour slot, French and Spanish programming each occupies 4 hours. The channel covers the globe via PAS-8, PAS-9, PAS-10, Asiasat-3S and more satellites. [12]
October 1, 2004 U.S. (Strengthening) (Satellite, multi-language) CCTV launched partnership with EchoStar to bring a "Great Wall Satellite Platform" to EchoStar's over 10 million DishNetwork subscribing households. The platform included 17 channels, such as the CCTV-E&F channel, CCTV-9 English channel, and other Chinese language channels. CCTV claimed on its web site "this indicates that the propaganda to foreign countries have stepped up to another level. It shows that CCTV's propaganda work towards foreign countries has experienced a huge change in both concept and operation mode."
February 1, 2005 Asia (Strengthening) (Satellite, multi-language) "Asia Great Wall Satellite Platform" was the extension of the "Great Wall Satellite Platform" in north America.
June 2, 2005 Online platform (Internet, Spanish) CCTV.com/ espanol is CCTV´s Spanish online platform for "both news releasing and cultural spreading." (According to CCTV web site)
In the future Two distinct channels: French and Spanish, plus development of Arabic and Russian channels CCTV aims in 2006 to have two distinct channels, one in French, the other in Spanish, with more programs, news bulletins and technical resources. Four years after the launch of an English language service, Spanish and French are just the latest step in CCTV's global conquest, with pressure already growing for Arabic and Russian-language channels. [13]
Suppression of Independent Overseas Chinese Media
As for those few Chinese-language media agencies independent from the control of the Chinese government, the Chinese Embassy and Consulates have used political and economic means to suppress them. According to John Yu, a cameraman for NTDTV, during the visit of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao to the United States, a staff member at the Chinese Embassy pressured White House officers to block his team of reporters from entering a U.S.-China joint press conference on December 9, 2003. On December 10, 2003, Chinese Consulate staff members from New York tried to block Radio Free Asia and The Epoch Times reporters from attending a seminar at Harvard University in Boston.
The Epoch Times has also encountered theft that specifically targeted the newspaper's distribution. According to the newspaper's reports, in late February 2005, The Epoch Times' Los Angeles staff noticed that a man was stealing hundreds of copies of the Chinese-language edition of The Epoch Times, which was free at distribution sites in Chinese communities throughout the L.A. area. They began following this man, whom they learned was named Mr. Lum, and found the situation was far worse than they had imagined. Mr. Lum spent full time, every day, driving to distribution points throughout L.A., and stealing every single paper at each location, totaling thousands of copies each day. After finishing his route, Mr. Lum would take his pick-up truck full of papers to a recycling center, where he would earn a few extra dollars by selling those collected papers. He would only steal The Epoch Times, although other free Chinese newspapers were just as easy to take. When a reporter from The Epoch Times attempted to videotape him at the recycling center, Mr. Lum saw him and drove his truck into the reporter's leg. Later that day, Mr. Lum was arrested for assault with a deadly weapon.
Infiltrating the Chinese Community
Media infiltration goes hand-in-hand with the CCP's effort to control the Chinese communities in the United States.
Again, we can use an example from the Boston area. At the same time when Sino American Times expanded in August 2002, the Boston Asian Culture Center (BACC) was also founded. It turns out that the Sino American Times and the BACC belong to the same parent company. Officials from the Chinese Consulate in New York are often present at BACC-held activities.
Besides business entities, community-based Chinese associations are the main targets for the Chinese Embassy and Consulates to infiltrate in order to extend CCP influence. There are many types of Chinese associations in the United States, such as student and scholar societies, cultural exchange organizations, business groups, alumni associations, and even associations of people who come from the same hometown in China. The Chinese Embassy and Consulates actively support, organize, and finance the establishment and activities of such associations in order to gain control over them. For example, on the CSSA (Chinese Scholars and Students Association) Union website (http://www.cssa-union.org/aboutus.html), it says, "This web site has signed an official agreement with the magazine Shen Zhou Xue Ren (Chinese Scholars and Students, an official magazine by China's Department of Education), and has obtained great support from the Chinese Embassy and Consulates." Three out of the five named advisory board members are Chinese Consulate officials. Another one was formerly a high-ranking government official in mainland China. During the second meeting of CSSA's Presidents in the areas serviced by the Chinese Chicago Consulate (http://www.chisa.edu.cn/newchisa/web/2/2003-11-24/news_13539.asp), student leaders hoped to have more financial support from the Consulate, and vowed to continue supporting the Consulate in its struggle against anti-China forces.
Regional Chinese associations in the United States often attract their members along lines of origin. People originally from Taiwan, people from Hong Kong, and new immigrants from the mainland, for example, have their own separate associations. These associations have come to understand that they can receive funding, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, from the Chinese Embassy or Consulates, as long as they are willing to maintain "friendship" with the Embassy and observe the Party line laid down by the CCP. The Chinese Embassy and the Consulates in general tend to dominate the mainland associations, while further expanding into the other associations.
Leaders of these associations are motivated by various benefits that the Chinese Embassy or Consulates offer, ranging from dinner party banquets and free movies, to cheap housing for student leaders and special treatment or business favors in mainland China. A regional union of associations is formed when the number of local associations has grown sufficiently large. Once under the Embassy and Consulates' wing, these types of associations can serve as effective tools for the Chinese government in influencing the Chinese American communities.
Mr. Jingning Li, former president of the Chinese Student Association in the Catholic University of America said:
"The system of 'uniting' Chinese Americans around the Chinese Embassy has already been consolidated and is achieving great efficiency. For instance, since the persecution of Falun Gong began in July 1999, the Chinese Embassy organized and sponsored many dinners, parties, and forums through which to defame Falun Gong. Their influence in the associations guaranteed attendance of such activities and reinforced the extension of Communist policies in mainland China into U.S. territory."
One example can be taken from a criminal case tried in the Circuit Court of Cook County in Chicago in 2002. Mr. Bill Fang, a victim in the case, told this story:
"The Chicago America-China Fujianese Association (CACFA) has close ties with the Chinese Consulate of Chicago. Its president, Zhang Liguang, said at a celebration party for CACFA's third anniversary that the Association had been like an infant in its cradle, and thanks to the care from the Chinese General Consulate in Chicago, the Association was able to grow healthily and fast. When the Chicago Consulate was working on defaming Falun Gong, Zheng Jiming and Weng Yujun, respectively listed as the Standing Vice President and Vice President of the Association, assaulted Falun Gong practitioners in front of Chicago's Chinese Consulate, and the two were subsequently sentenced in the Circuit Court of Cook County in Chicago on Nov. 13, 2002, and on January 14, 2003.
"A similar incident happened in July 13, 2001. Alexander Hugh (also named Chaolian Qiu), who was the Vice President of the Chinese American Association of Greater Chicago (CAAGC), was involved in attacking Falun Gong practitioners in front of the Chicago Chinese Consulate. After the incident, Hugh was appointed in 2003 by the Chinese Consulate in Chicago to be the overseas consultant for the National Association of Returning Overseas Chinese. This National Association of Returning Overseas Chinese is led by the Chinese Communist Party and its first source of funding is from the Chinese government budgets."
Student associations in U.S. universities usually serve their members by providing social activities to promote diversity and take care of students' interests. Yet in the Chinese Students and Scholars Association (CSSA) of American University, Mr. Jun Yu, the person in charge of CSSA, told all CSSA members that they must abide by China's law. When a student posted an email on the Listserv to initiate an activity that sought to promote freedom of belief, Mr. Jun Yu told her that she would be de-listed, and that, "We also report our situation to the Chinese Embassy by memorandum."
If the Chinese Embassy and Consulates rely only on their own staff, it is impossible to control the entire Chinese community in a country. The number of ethnic Chinese totals more than 2.4 million according to U.S. Census 2000 data. The Embassy must rely on agents and informants to monitor the Chinese community. Chen Yonglin, the former consul for political affairs at the Chinese Consulate in Sydney who defected in late May, disclosed to media that the Embassy and the Consulates "have over 1,000 agents in Australia." Mr. Chen's claim was confirmed by another recently defected Chinese state security officer, Mr. Hao Fengjun, who arrived in Australia at the beginning of this year from his station city of Tianjing. Mr. Hao told The Epoch Times reporters, "What Chen Yonglin said about 1,000 Chinese agents in Australia is true. If we take all types of agents into account, the number is even larger."
The Chinese Embassy has various ways to punish those who object to the Chinese government's control. From denying passport renewal for Chinese students and scholars to rejecting visa applications for Chinese Americans wanting to visit China, the Chinese Embassy has a lot of leverage against the Chinese people. In extreme cases such as the one against Ms. Jun Guo, described later in this article, relatives in China are harassed and family safety is threatened.
The degree of control that the Chinese Communist government can exercise is illustrated in another example, which occurred in October 2002. At the request of the Chinese Consulate in Houston, the Friendship Association of Chinese Students and Scholars (FACSS) at the University of Houston organized a welcome team for the visit of then CCP General Secretary and PRC President Jiang Zemin. FACSS required all participants to sign a legal agreement. The agreement: 1) asked participants to report on activities of Falun Gong; 2) asked participants to waive their legal rights in connection with Jiang's visit; 3) threatened to sue those who violated the "agreement."
The following is the "agreement" that the FACSS asked members to sign.
Totalitarian Control on the Mainland Extended Overseas
The gradual take-over of American Chinese media is no surprise to some Chinese Americans who have been on the receiving end of the Chinese Communist government's tactics. Chinese Embassy and Consulate activities in the United States demonstrate that they are run by people who are not hesitant to use strong-arm methods to get their way even on the free soil of the United States. Here are two instances.
Case One
Anne Yang, an economist working at The World Bank during the day, and an amateur independent documentary film producer at night, is a woman without a nation.
"The Chinese Embassy refused to renew my passport, and I cannot go back home," Anne Yang said in an interview in Washington DC on June 4, 2005. She is not alone. Since 1999, there are 140 written cases of Chinese citizens being denied passport renewal by the Chinese embassies and consulates in more than 20 countries, according to a report by The Epoch Times. In 2004 alone, 12 written cases were denied passport renewal in the United States. Among the applicants were electrical engineers, accountants, as well as students from Stanford, Ohio State, and the University of Southern California. The reasons given by the Chinese Embassy and Consulates in the United States were the applicants' political opinions, religious beliefs, and sometimes just a blunt answer of "no reason."
Case Two
In February 2005, Jun Guo, The Epoch Times Chief Editor, was threatened. Her family in Guangzhou, China, was visited by agents from the Chinese National Security Bureau, which functions like America's FBI. During the conversation with Jun's sister, who is a Psychology Professor and the Vice-Chair of the Department of Psychology at Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, the agents told her that their visit was a direct order from the central government in Beijing. They told Professor Guo to tell her sister in the United States to pay attention to her safety and the safety of her own family. The agents was very specific: "Jun's four children go to school in Washington DC, and we are very clear about that."
This is not an isolated case either. In the greater Washington DC area, there are more than a dozen people who had similar experiences. Their parents or family members in China were visited and threatened by agents from the Chinese National Security Bureau.
June 4, 2005, marks the 16th anniversary of the massacre of pro-freedom activists at Tiananmen Square in Beijing. For the past half century and even before the take-over in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has engaged in violence to rule China. In The Black Book of Communism, a 1999 Harvard University Press release, socialist researchers established that Mao Zedong and his successors murdered 65 million Chinese. This number was based on recently opened archives from former Communist countries.
How Propaganda Brainwashes the Chinese People
How can the Chinese people live under a regime like this? Dr. Samuel Zhou said in a recent interview:
"The Communist government stresses the need to maintain stability and social order, and is committed to perpetuating the rule of the CCP and its hierarchy. To achieve this goal, it has continuously utilized propaganda that brainwashes the Chinese people. In recent years, the CCP-controlled media spread anti-American propaganda worldwide to discredit values such as freedom and democracy. This propaganda has been disseminated through Chinese-language media in mainland China, as well as Chinese media in the United States and throughout the world. Such propaganda is designed to block the Chinese people from knowing the facts and keep them away from ideas of freedom of speech and democracy.
"Along with its propaganda, the Chinese government has successfully influenced and infiltrated American societies, especially the Chinese community and Chinese—language media. Such infiltration secures an audience for the propaganda outside of China. The United States—as leader of the free world-has not done very well in penetrating the political 'Firewall' to reach the Chinese people with uncensored news and information and to urge them toward political reform."
The Insidious Influence of Propaganda on American Chinese
While it is hard to assess the impact of media, the influence of propaganda on people's viewpoints can certainly accumulate and has manifested in some incidents in the past.
During the Iraq War, Chinese Central Television (CCTV) used footage provided by major foreign media, but associated the footage with a different story than what the rest of the world heard. CCTV fabricated the death tolls of Iraqi citizens and quoted many media articles from the Arab press against the Iraqi War to make it appear to the Chinese audience that the war was being supported by no one and causing tremendous death of Iraqi people.
According to a Voice of America report by Dong Fang on Feberury 2, 2003, some Chinese people who were influenced by the government-controlled media, rejoiced over the Columbia Disaster, calling it the most beautiful fireworks of the New Year (Analysis of some Chinese' Anti-American Sentiment by Dong Fang, Voice of America, February 2, 2003).
Another example comes from an official survey conducted by the Chinese government shortly after September 11. In the survey, while 98% were sympathetic to the victims of 9/11 in the United States, 80% of the people thought the United States was a hegemony. In many of the chat rooms on the Internet, many young people expressed the opinion that it "serves the U.S. right."
Dr. Samuel Zhou commented:
"These people are not bad people; their thoughts reflect what they see and hear from state-controlled media. Unless the United States, as the leader of freedom and democracy in the world, provides an alternative, making available objective, accurate and timely information, the Chinese people will probably continue to believe the hateful anti-American propaganda that targets the United States by the Communist Government."
As to community infiltration and control, the consequence can be even bigger. For example, when the accidental bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade happened in May 1999, over 120,000 Chinese in America were mobilized in the streets on the east coast, protesting on the same date. The event was selected for the Ten Top International News of that year by CCTV and the Xinhua News Agency.
The influence and control over the community associations by the Chinese Embassy and Consulates guarantees attendance of such activities and consequently extends CCP policies into U.S. territory. The Chinese government also uses such networks to influence American policy, as evidenced by its instruction to lobby the U.S. Congress in March 2004.
At issue was a "Dear Colleague" letter circulated in Congress that called on lawmakers to go on record supporting Taiwan's March 10th referendum. The referendum called for peaceful means to settle the China-Taiwan issue. The Chinese Consulate organized the lobby starting with an email in Chinese, dated March 12, 2004, marked "Urgent" to Chinese Students and Scholars Association (CSSA) chairpersons in universities throughout the United States. The letter started with "The Consulate General has an important task to assign," and asked Chinese students and scholars to personally email each state's Congress persons, urging them not to support Chen Shuibian's "wrong action." A copy of the email is shown below.
Each Chairman,
The Consulate General has an important task to assign below:
We heard recently, Florida Congressman Peter Deutsch is trying to convince all Senators and House Representatives in the United States to co-sign and support the so-called "Defense Vote" on March 20 held by Chen Shuibian. Now please write on behalf of the Chinese Scholar/Student Associations, and also encourage Chinese students and scholars to personally write to each State's congresspersons with e-mail, and urge them to not support Chen Shuibian's wrong action, and hurt Chinese people's feelings. (I put the outline of letters to congresspersons in the attachment. You can read carefully, do necessary editing, make sure your tones are sincere. Congresspersons' e-mail addresses are also included in the attachment).
Please finish this task before March 20, definitely, and e-mail me about the situation before March 16 (especially tell me how many Chinese students and scholars you mobilized to write their personal letters to Senators and Representatives of U.S. Congress).
Hope all work with our love to the country, express our strong wish to unite our motherland with peaceful means.
Zhang Zhigang
The email was forwarded to CSSA/FACSS members in several states, and many members followed the instruction and reported to leaders in CSSA/FACSS that "Action is taken."
Moreover, the freedom offered by the U.S. political system is at great contrast to the totalitarian control in China. Free society may fail to differentiate political propaganda from cultural programs. For instance, the CCTV channel or programs on different cable networks in major metropolitan areas are treated as cultural programming and often shown on public access channels. Yet, given the content and the news manipulation in CCTV programming, it is more political than cultural. However, according to Dr. Samuel Zhou, "Oftentimes news from China's state-owned media is considered just another point of view, and enjoys freedom of speech in the United States."
An Unequal Contest
The Chinese government is actively taking advantage of freedom of speech in the United States to spread Communist propaganda, but it does not grant U.S. media the same rights in China.
The United States is fighting its opponent with one hand tied behind its back.
Several other asymmetries are notable in China and U.S. engagement, or, competition.
Aggression vs. Reluctance
The Chinese Communist regime made systematic and consistent efforts in the past 10 years to utilize and increase its propaganda influence. By contrast, there lacked concrete policy and financial support by U.S. administrations to seriously influence China in becoming a democratic society (see Table 3).
Progressive vs. Reactive
WorldNet TV was first launched in June 1989 as a response to the Tiananmen Square Massacre (U.S. International Broadcasting Chronology: http://www.ibb.gov/bbg/chron.html). However, its current broadcasting power from the United States to China falls short compared to that of CCTV. While CCTV broadcasts 24-hour programming every day in China, WorldNet TV has only 30 hours of Mandarin programming each week. CCTV also has significant influence over the broadcasting and programming of local U.S. Chinese-language cable TV stations by providing free programs or other financial support. By contrast, WorldNet TV programs do not even focus on promoting democracy in China. The station fails to act as an alternative information source, as it does not have a news program. The impact of WorldNet TV is further diminished given the fact that the Chinese government effectively bans personal ownership of C-band receiver dishes, which are needed to pick up WorldNet TV's signal.
State-Sponsored Infiltration vs. Insufficiently Protected Independent Media
The Chinese Communist regime's effort to spread propaganda worldwide is backed up by its state resources, including its political, financial, and human power. The few independent Chinese-language media groups in the West are often created and run by traditional businessmen, political dissidents, and new immigrants who seek to promote education and American values to the Chinese people. These groups often lack financial resources for large-scale operations, often find it difficult to make ends meet, and are much less equipped to battle state-sponsored suppression. Independent media also lack resources for public relations and political lobbying activities. Furthermore, they are not in a very strong position to acquire legal protection when their businesses are interfered with. The consequence is that many Chinese media organizations that intended to be independent at the beginning have eventually been bought up or influenced by the Chinese government (see Table 4).
So far, it's been a big victory for a totalitarian regime when China's propaganda machine is allowed to freely exploit the freedom of speech in the United States and influence American citizens. In doing so, the United States is unwittingly legitimizing Beijing's power over its own people as well as the Chinese people residing in the States.
[1] Seven days a week unless specified.
[2] Regular 24 hr. program unless specified.
[3] From CCTV International web site.
[4] "CHINA BRIEFS: CHINA CENTRAL TELEVISION" by Telenews Asia, May 18,1995 published by 3rd Wave Communications Pty Ltd.
[5] "Worldwide Chinese TV service" by Music & Copyright: February 15,1995, published by FT Information Online Ltd.
[6] "PanAmSat, CCTV Eye Expansion" by Space News, April 8,1996, published by Army Times Publishing Co.
[7] "CCTV to Africa" by Hollywood Reporter, June 10,1997, published by BPI Communications, Inc.
[8] CHINA'S CCTV-9 TO BE LAUNCHED IN PHILIPPINES" by Asia Pulse News, November 8, 2000, published by Asia Pulse Pte Ltd.
[9] "MTV's clearance for 24-hour China channel" by Television Asia, April 4, 2003, published by Cahners Business Information.
[10] "China Central Television Chooses GlobeCast's DTH Platform" by Satellite Today, March 13, 2003, published by PBI Media, LLC.
[11] "CCTV extends Latin American influence" by Asia Image, June 10, 2003, published by Reed Business Information.
[12] CCTV Chinese language web site.
[13] "AUDIOVISUAL SECTOR: CHINESE TELEVISION POSTS INTERNATIONAL AMBITIONS" by Tech Europe, December 10, 2004, published by Europe Information Service.
[14] "China's media: radio, TV expand and newspapers hold readers" by Market Asia Pacific, December 2000, published by PRS Group.
[15] From CCTV International web site.
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What tactical trends could we see over the next year?
January 6, 2011 July 9, 2017 by Joshua Askew
As Jonathan Wilson pointed out in his latest edition of The Question, it's not generally worth paying much attention to what people predict about the future of football for plenty of reasons. 1) Very few of us have anything to do with the game, so it's not as if any…
Javier Mascherano: The Best Player You Can't Really Afford To Play
December 8, 2010 July 9, 2017 by Rob McDonald
Rob McDonald
It's staggering that "El Jefecito" (the little chief) is only 26 years old. In his career he's a two time Olympic Gold winner, a champion in Argentina and Brazil and the captain of the Argentine national side – a team he made his debut for before his club. But that's…
Mourinho vs Barcelona: A Game of Two Years
December 6, 2010 September 14, 2017 by Joshua Askew
Plenty of people claimed that Barcelona's incredible 5-0 El Clasico win over Real Madrid had little to do tactics, and they had a point: when teams go out with a similar gameplan, it comes down to who can execute it better, but saying that makes it sound as if the…
November 12, 2010 July 9, 2017 by Joshua Askew
Ronaldinho - Ludovic Giuly - Samuel Eto'o (Barcelona) At the end of the 2003-04 season, it was a time of reflection for Barcelona. In Frank Rijkaard's first season as manager of the Catalan giants he had improved on their previous 6th-placed finish, coming second, five points behind Rafael Benitez's Valencia. Simply bettering Louis van Gaal and caretaker…
5 Great Last Minute Goals
October 4, 2010 July 9, 2017 by Joshua Askew
Andres Iniesta vs Chelsea, 6/5/2009 Barcelona 08/09 were arguably one of the greatest club sides in the history of football, at the very least they were the best team of the last decade, but against Chelsea their legacy was in serious danger of collapsing. Once Michael Essien gave them the…
Utilising the full-back
September 6, 2010 July 9, 2017 by Joshua Askew
If you were to ask people at the turn of the century who they considered to be the most complete players in the Premier League you would most likely get one of two answers: Patrick Vieira or Roy Keane. Fast forward to today and few midfielders would be considered. The…
5 Great Strike Partnerships
July 8, 2010 July 9, 2017 by Joshua Askew
Dennis Bergkamp/ Thierry Henry (Arsenal) Neither Bergkamp or Henry could be described as orthodox strikers; originally a winger, Henry took position out towards the left, coming inside on his favoured right foot, while Bergkamp played in a withdrawn role. Both were blessed with sublime skill and complimented each other brilliantly,…

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Baghdad : Thousands of Iraqis loyal to Shiite cleric Moqtada al-Sadr and some civil rights activists have rallied in Baghdad to protest against the US-led attacks on Syria.
The demonstrators on Sunday rallied in Tahrir Square rising Iraqi and Syrian flags in solidarity with the people of Syria, and chanting slogans condemning the bombing against Syria, Xinhua news agency reported.
"In response to the call of Moqtada al-Sadr, our Sadr loyalists as well as Iraqi people are conducting mass rally to protest the aggression launched by America, France and Britain on Syria," Sheikh Hussein al-Saedi, an organiser of the demonstration, told Xinhua.
"The block of the roads and nearby bridges is a precaution measure to prevent any security breach that may target the demonstrators," a security source anonymously told Xinhua.
The post Thousands rally in Baghdad to protest attack on Syria appeared first on Muslim Mirror.


On this Musical Monday I re-recorded a little tune I wrote for my Valentine a couple years ago called "I Still Got A Crush On You". I can't imagine a day without her in my life. She really does put a song in my heart!
Sorry if the video's a little choppy...I think I'm in need of a new computer, I'm afraid the old processor just couldn't fully handle all the love I was givin' off. I hope ya'll like it!


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One America - ALANA - (African, Latino, Asian, Native and American)
Program: ALANA - (African, Latino, Asian, Native and American), Brattleboro, VT
Contact(s): Naima Wade, Director: (802) 254-2972
Purpose: To build and reinforce relationships with communities of color and the population at large, by addressing issues in health care, education, business, the arts and human services in a culturally sensitive manner.
Background Program Operations Outcomes
In 1993, Brattleboro artist and activist, Naima K. Wade and her daughter, Taina Rodriguez, established ALANA (the African, Latino, Asian, Native and American) organization to dispel the growing racial tension in the local high school district. ALANA's primary objective is to encourage people to become more sensitive of issues that affect communities of color. Overall, the coalition efforts by ALANA increase communication channels between various racial and ethnic groups in the Brattleboro area.
Program Operations
ALANA operates five programs: the HIV/AIDS Education and Prevention Project, a program that assesses the need for HIV education in southern Vermont's communities of color; the BODY and SOUL Women's Health, Education, and Economic Development Program, which is designed to improve the health, economic, spiritual and social well-being of women; AWARE: A Multi-Cultural Youth Peer Education Program that provides school children with a culturally sensitive curriculum; the CAN-DO Youth Empowerment and Leadership Project, a program that works with young people to help them understand the root causes of discrimination; and FIT: A Project for Families in Transition, a coalition of several community organizations that work together to combat racism. ALANA's program curriculum emphasizes the use of artistic talents as a way to express cultural values. Program organizers believe that individuals need to value cultural differences and work effectively toward concrete social policies that enhance the well-being of all community members.
Outcomes and Significant Accomplishments
ALANA is recognized for writing the first minority women's health curriculum for Vermont. Also, ALANA's outreach to community youth helped increase knowledge and understanding among various racial and ethnic groups that previously felt isolated.
Promising Practices - North East
-More North East-Page 1
A Better Chance, Inc.
A World of Difference Institute
ALANA - (African, Latino, Asian, Native and American)
Artists Collective, Inc.
Beaver Race Initiative Development Group Effort
Belmont Against Racism
Black and White Boston Coming Together, Inc.
Brooklyn Unity Campaign
Buffalo State College Equity and Campus Diversity Mini-Grant Program
Building an Intercultural Congregation
City at Peace
Coalition for Asian Pacific American Youth
Coalition For Mutual Respect


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Home Bloggers Jessie Hume How We Discuss Sex Work
Jessie Hume
How We Discuss Sex Work
We need to have a sit down and consider how we're discussing sex work.
I would like to talk about the widely shared article published in E-tangata by Pala Molisa called 'White Ribbon, Too White And Too Polite'. In many ways this is a great article, but there is a particular view in here about sex workers – a particular mindset – that needs to be changed because of the kinds of social and physical risks it encourages. Risk encouragement is contrary to the intentions of all of us who strive together against (often) gender-based domestic violence. You can read the article here:
Very strongly, it is not OK to call sex work "commercialised rape".
Please understand that rape is a very specific term that must not be appropriated and used in ways other than it is intended. It is not up to us to decide if someone else has been raped, nor look at them and state that they are making themselves available to be raped. Sex work is and should always be consensual. If it is not consensual, then it is rape. If it is consensual then it is simply lawful, adult sexual contact. If you portray sex work as "commercialised rape" that's almost like saying sex workers are:
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1) Complicit in their own rape,
2) Intentionally making themselves available to be raped, and
3) That others should look at them as people who have made themselves available to be raped.
Just take a minute with that and think about how dangerous it is to spread that idea around. In the words of a friend: "this muddies consent in a way that those who might seek to abuse it want it muddied." It is objectifying to see sex workers as vessels of rape and there is nothing worse for workers than to be seen as objects rather than people who have the right to be in control of their own bodies and the right to be listened to.
Sex work is voluntary, just like sex is voluntary. Having sex and then taking money for it is no more a form of exploitation than other forms of work in a capitalist economy that inherently requires such exploitation.
Furthermore looking down on sex workers is something that causes their social isolation, stops them from being able to talk about safety issues and discourages them from seeking help if they do need it. Sex workers are not safe to discuss their work and that is due to social perceptions of them as often being low-class, low value, and it is our job to change that. Also don't eliminate the impact of class, privilege and race from this conversation.
If someone says they have been raped that is their body, their words. Imagine how devastating it would be if someone told you you were letting yourself get raped. That is the essence of the victim-blaming mentality we want shut down.
In less detail I also want to pay a little tribute to the idea of gender essentialism and how we consider the male as the natural aggressor and the female as the fragile feminine flower and how these stereotypes also play into notions about domestic violence and that violence is often seen as inherently tied to what is 'natural' to gender. Not only do we need to bust the binary but we also need to stop telling guys it's in their nature to enact violence upon others.
I understand why this article is being shared and the value of it in calling on the whiteness and politeness of white ribbon. I see where he is coming from, but we don't sell out sex workers and use them as 'ideas' to make a point. Sex workers are people – not ideas, or concepts to play with – they are not the embodiment of immorality and their work should not be used in this way. It is not right to turn them into a target to gain the 'likes' of a conservative majority.
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countryboy December 21, 2015 at 2:39 pm
The common psychopath we rub shoulders with on a day to day basis.
Annie December 21, 2015 at 6:34 pm
Good article, Jessie. Sex workers can be raped, like anyone else, but they are not raped every time they engage in sex work.
Lara December 22, 2015 at 9:25 am
Too often when people write words about sex work and sex workers, they write with little real understanding.
It is my firm opinion that anyone who wants to write words about sex work and sex workers should just stop. And either STFU or find a sex worker to tell it in THEIR words.
There are plenty of ex sex workers and current sex workers willing to speak up. Their voices aren't often heard. Those who would write their words are too ready to speak for them.
It's probably one of the most problematic areas of feminism this speaking for sex workers by people who have zero experience of it.
Sam December 22, 2015 at 10:16 am
You've got to have a really small peaker if you have to pay for it, or a really big head. It's like some guys don't know how to make friends, like really good friends, like really good friendship. Instead of having a really expensive wank
Rob December 23, 2015 at 1:47 pm
This article would make more sense if critique of prostitution was the same thing as revictimisation of prostituted individuals.
It isn't.
If we were to apply the same logic to capitalism then we would end up saying this: "To be critical of capitalism is attack workers. People should work if they want to. Therefore capitalism isn't coercive."
Being critical of the coercive institution of prostitution is not the same as blaming prostituted individuals.
JarJarKinks December 22, 2015 at 6:08 pm
Don't always agree 100% with your blogs, but this one is spot on. Great article.
As for the article you linked it is filled with conspiracy theories about how our society operates. It is way off the mark in identifying the causes that drive violence in our country.
Thanks – This summarises my concerns with the Molisa articles very well.
Priss December 23, 2015 at 12:50 pm
"Please understand that rape is a very specific term that must not be appropriated and used in ways other than it is intended. It is not up to us to decide if someone else has been raped, nor look at them and state that they are making themselves available to be raped. Sex work is and should always be consensual. If it is not consensual, then it is rape. If it is consensual then it is simply lawful, adult sexual contact."
What staggers me that this has to be pointed out in the opening decades of the 21st Century. It's like very little has changed from 1915.
How many times do we have to repeat the difference between concensual and non-concensual????????
That depends on how many times people ignore the system of violence behind a transaction that makes consent a meaningless token.
Funny how the the predominant sentiment on dailyblog is hostile to neoliberalism and co-ercive capitalism… until it comes to the mens access to womens bodies.
Jessie Hume December 24, 2015 at 8:16 am
I think it's more complicated than that. I agree this system of violence permeates everything, the argument is that sex work is not distinct from other forms of labour so scapegoating sex workers is still not cool. We should be able to discuss everything that is wrong about the system without separating sex workers out from that discussion as being distinctly worse. At least sex workers are potentially being better paid for their labour. What about the bodies of people being paid minimum wage for 40 years while they struggle to feed themselves and families?
Does this notion of inclusion also include survivors of the trade in womens bodies who support prohibition?
I mean, I totally agree that we should listen to the survivors. Including women still in the game.
Survivors are organising across the globe. There are groups like Space International (http://spaceinternational.ie), Ruhama and OPS – survivors who want to be heard.
"What about the bodies of people being paid minimum wage for 40 years while they struggle to feed themselves and families?"
How about advocating for them and organising for them, without advocating for mens access to their bodies?
simonnz December 27, 2015 at 5:57 pm
@ Rob. I'm curious that you'd quote Ruhama as having a positive impact on sex workers. Ruhama are in fact a front organisation set up and run by the same orders of nuns who ran the Magdalen laundries in Ireland. Therefore they know plenty about the enslavement of young women for their personal profit. They are absolutely the last people who should have any say over sex workers' rights and freedoms.
Frank Macskasy December 24, 2015 at 8:29 am
Rob, it depends on what definition of coercion you are referring to. Drug dependency? Economic? Spousal abuse/coercion?
Then again, there may not be coercion any more than I am "coerced" to go to work each morning to pay my mortgage; keep the bank manager happy; and deliver another healthy dividend to the guvmint…
We don't know. I suspect each sex-worker has her (or his) own reasons for pursuing that line of work.
Destructo December 24, 2015 at 9:24 am
Regardless I doubt you'll ever meet a sex worker who's background isn't characterized by deprivation or abuse. Part of a liberal conceit to assume that anyone with properly formed self-esteem and options would still get involved in the sex industry.
#notallprostitutions
Criticising Molisa for victim-blaming is disingenuous.
She explicitly and clearly does *not* do that in her article.
She does the opposite: describing how systematic injustice puts many women into a position where they have no choice but to sell access to their bodies.
In other words: the women she is talking are *forced* into this position.
What word to we use to describe *forcing* women into providing sexual access?
The accusation of victim-blaming is just a straw man. It's a distraction from the real issue: the co-ercion of women into providing sexual access to men.
I'm going to vehemently disagree with you on this point.
What she does is speak for a group of people who are one of the most marginalised and stereotyped groups in our society, and she makes blanket statements about them and their experiences.
And you're doing that too. Your comment is about women (ignoring trans people) who are "forced" into prostitution (please, lets call it sex work instead).
You appear to have assumed that all sex work is by force, either overt or systematic.
My point is we need to stop speaking for them. If we do not have direct experience, our own experiences, of sex work, then we shouldn't make blanket statements about sex work and sex workers.
Of course that's a minefield. Because a great many sex workers aren't going to speak up because then they'd be "outed" as ex sex workers.
But there are enough current and ex sex workers willing to speak up. We need to be listening to their voices on this topic, and not making blanket statements about something that quite frankly we know nothing about.
We're quite likely to get it wrong.
"she makes blanket statements about them and their experiences."
That's the nature of political analysis: You look at institutions and systems. You look at how power affects groups of people.
"we need to be listening to their voices on this topic"
I agree. Lets listen to the survivors who want to stop men from acting on an entitlement to access womens bodies in state-sanctioned commerce.
There are no shortage of such voices.
'He', not 'She'.
And no. Saying women are forced into being sex workers is not accurate of sex workers on the whole, otherwise they would not be sex workers, they would be slaves. Slavery is not OK. Rape is not OK. Consensual sex, and consensual sex where money is given is very different. You can't just take the word 'force' and apply it to this situation when it is very literally not an example of 'force'. You have to be accurate and honest. There are slaves in New Zealand and there are sex slaves in New Zealand. They're being forced and that is terrible. But assuming and claiming all sex workers in New Zealand are being forced in any way to do the work that they consent to do as adults with agency, well that's just wrong.
Jack Ramaka December 23, 2015 at 3:42 pm
Unfortunately a lot of men don't realise the word no actually means no, JK is a bit of a clown when is comes to social graces ie the Colonial Clot?
Macro December 26, 2015 at 1:56 pm
I remember making submissions to the Justice Select Committee supporting the law change from "rape" to "sexual assault", and "sexual violence". This was an hugely important change because it helps to shift the emphasis on the behaviour of the victim onto the perpetrator. "Rape" is the common usage – but since the mid 80's the word has been dropped from the law and has been replaced by the term "sexual assault" which covers a far greater range of assault than rape and is not exclusive to violence perpetrated against women.
Perhaps it's time that those working in the sex industry and society in general started to stop using the word "rape" and started to use words that actually describe the violence much more clearly. When a sexual assault occurs it doesn't matter whether or not the perpetrator has had previous sexual relations with the victim or not. In 2008 consideration was then given by government to changing the law again (particularly the Evidence Act) with respect to making the issue of 'consent' more clearly defined.
muerk December 27, 2015 at 11:10 am
The majority of the global sex trade is coercive. Poverty is the massive driver behind people selling their bodies (of having their bodies sold without their consent).
What people in the sex trade need is justice, freedom, and human dignity. That's only going to come about if there is economic reform so that those who do not wish to sell sex have other viable alternatives to make a living.
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CLEVELAND, OH (WOIO) - What goes into the training regimen that makes Corey Kluber one of MLB's best pitchers?
Tony Zarrella discusses with performance coach Eric Cressey on Overtime.
What goes into the training regimen that makes Corey Kluber one of MLB's best pitchers?
Also, baseball author Rob Neyer ("Power Ball") stops with a look at the Tribe's future and how the game has changed in recent years.


can you write a great one?
warm-up, the call to action is the winning goal.
short burst of persuasive power to get them to take the plunge.
that tempts readers to press the button.
website, and a mediocre one.
So it's worth taking the time to get it right.
call to action – and that they're meant to press it.
colors rather than blending it in with the background.
mouse turn the button a different color when it hovers.
Anything that makes it stand out will do.
making it sound like a command.
3. Consider using the first person for the copy.
your free e-book by clicking here' would be a button that says 'I want my free e-book'.
5. Help the reader with a last-minute boost.
the call to action can be effective in overcoming last second doubts.
privacy guaranteed' can help, as can short testimonial quotes or ratings from a trusted source.
experiencing, and give just that little extra help to get them to cross the line.
Here's a bonus tip – and it's an extremely important one.
can you tell what works for your audience.
experts are always here to help.


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You are here: Home / News / Freak accident seriously injured driver
Freak accident seriously injured driver
August 4, 2006 By WRN Contributor
Champ Car driver Cristiano da Matta underwent emergency surgery to remove a ruptured blood vessel in his head on Thursday after his race car hit a deer that wandered onto the track during an open test session at Road America in Elkhard Lake. Da Matta was airlifted to Theda Clark Medical Center in Neenah. Da Matta was testing at Road America in preparation for the Sept. 24 race there. He finished 13th back in early June at the Milwaukee Mile.


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Q: How to parse array from description in Swift 4? I'm learning Swift 4, and I have an algorithm that output the base 64 description of an array, like that:
extension String {

    func fromBase64() -> String? {
        guard let data = Data(base64Encoded: self) else {
            return nil
        }

        return String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)
    }

    func toBase64() -> String {
        return Data(self.utf8).base64EncodedString()
    }
}
let output = [1, 2, 4, 65].description.toBase64()
print(output.fromBase64()) // "[1, 2, 4, 65]"

Now, my problem is that I need the array back in an Array, and not as a String.
    I've looked up on the internet but I couldn't find a parsing method for this type of array (they were all talking about JSON).

A: You should not rely on the description method to produce a particular
predictable output, better use a JSON encoder for that purpose
(example below).
Having said that, "[1, 2, 4, 65]" happens to be a valid JSON array,
and a JSON decoder can parse it back to an integer array:
let output = "[1, 2, 4, 65]"
do {
    let array = try JSONDecoder().decode([Int].self, from: Data(output.utf8))
    print(array) // [1, 2, 4, 65]
} catch {
    print("Invalid input", error.localizedDescription)
}

Here is a self-contained example how you can reliably encode and decode
an integer array to/from a Base64 encoded string.
// Encode:
let intArray = [1, 2, 4, 65]
let output = try! JSONEncoder().encode(intArray).base64EncodedString()
print(output) // WzEsMiw0LDY1XQ==

// Decode:
let output = "WzEsMiw0LDY1XQ=="
if let data = Data(base64Encoded: output),
    let array = try? JSONDecoder().decode([Int].self, from: data) {
    print(array) // [1, 2, 4, 65]
} else {
    print("Invalid input")
}

A: Here is the way you can convert your string into Int array:
var toString = output.fromBase64() //"[1, 2, 4, 65]"
if let str = toString {
    let chars = CharacterSet(charactersIn: ",][ ")
    let split = str.components(separatedBy: chars).filter { $0 != "" }.flatMap { Int($0)}
    print(split)  //[1, 2, 4, 65]
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Apple iphone 3rd generation, apple iphone 3GS or apple iphone 4S utilizes a micro sim, much like apple iphone 4. For those who have apple iphone 3GS or other phone, then you will need to swap from the standard sim to some micro sim. Should you intend on getting apple iphone 4S, you might want to obtain a micro sim ahead of time and swap your standard sim to some micro sim. This way when you are getting apple iphone 4S, you can begin taking pleasure in it immediately.
Register using the button to get a free O2 micro SIM card.
Once you have received the micro sim card eject the SIM card tray with the help of the eject tool available in the iPad/iPhone kit.
Activate the O2 micro SIM card from the iPad itself.
Remember you will get a free o2 Micro sim card for everybody who subscribes for this offer. You need to remember that you won't be billed with this card. Also, this can be a O2 Payg kind of sim and for that reason you won't be associated with an agreement.
Also, UK delivery is also included in the offer.
Differences between SIM Card, Micro SIM and Nano SIM Card.


The IBM Connections Mobile team released an impressive update to the iOS app this week. There are many highlights in 5.7.0, most of which bring Connections Files to mobile. We're excited about the arrival of 3D Touch App Shortcuts, but the big news is that Connections Mobile now includes the latest version of Textbox.io, version 2.0.
IBM Connections Mobile users are going to love 5.7, not the least because it includes Textbox.io, version 2.0. The latest and greatest no less. If you're not familiar with Textbox.io, it is the editor in Connections Mobile wikis and blogs. Version 2.0 brings an unparalleled mobile editing experience to users and will be available in future releases of IBM Connections on-prem. The current version of Textbox.io on-prem is 1.3. We encourage you to speak with your IBM rep to get an advanced preview of 2.0 from our team. We'll demo our IBM Watson integration too.
The biggest change Connections Mobile users will see is that the editor toolbar is no longer black in color and now matches the native app color scheme. The Ephox UX team did an amazing job simplifying the editor skin, making it significantly more customizable.
The biggest change Connections Mobile users will experience is an even more robust, seamless interaction with the app when creating and editing content. You can read more about this in the 2.0 release announcement. Note that image editing and accessibility are not active in the mobile UI. If you want these goodies, you'll need to get Textbox.io into your Connections instance. Please speak with your IBM representative.
You can download Connections Mobile 5.7 for iOS from the Apple iTunes Store.
At the time of writing the Android version of IBM Connections Mobile was at 5.6.2.


SThis course is intended to help the novice and intermediate user become more proficient at production-level solid modeling. The class focuses on fundamental skills and concepts central to the use of Solid Edge with Sheet Metal. Upon completion of this class, users will have learned to utilize Solid Edge to design production level parametric models of parts and assemblies. Key takeaways also include creating detail drawings & document management.
This course is suited for manufacturing engineers, NC/CNC programmers, CAE engineers, detailers, and managers who need to manage and use Solid Edge.


text:
For authors / Ethics
Republican Party of Minnesota v. White as a Step Towards Greater Politicisation of the Judicial Election in the USA?
Dr Jacek Srokosz
University of Opole
Abstract: The article presents the US Supreme Court judgment issued in 2002 in case Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, in which the Court held unconstitutional the clauses which introduced restrictions in presenting the candidates' views on controversial legal and social issues during the judicial election campaign in Minnesota. The article discusses the essence of the judicial election, the limitations for the candidates during electoral campaigns, and the general dispute about how judges are selected in the US. Against this background, the facts of the case, the decisions of the courts of first and second instances and of the Supreme Court are presented, as well as Antonin Scalia's argumentation justifying the ruling and the dissenting opinions. The author's goal is to analyse the Supreme Court's ruling in the context of its critics' forecasts that it would result in politicisation of the judicial election process leading to a lowering of the authority of the judiciary and the emergence of doubts about the impartiality and independence of judges.
Keywords: judicial election, politicisation, Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, impartiality and independence of judges, accountability of judges, freedom of speech, electoral campaign
Accepted: 10.09.2018
Published: Number 3(18)/2018, pp. 51-63.
Download file: Download
Number of downloads: 9
Filed Under: Articles Tagged With: accountability of judges, electoral campaign, freedom of speech, impartiality and independence of judges, Jacek Srokosz, judicial election, politicisation, Republican Party of Minnesota v. White
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Home » News » Calif. governor orders state to slash emissions 40% by 2030
Calif. governor orders state to slash emissions 40% by 2030
Source: Debra Kahn, E&E reporter • Posted: Thursday, April 30, 2015
California Gov. Jerry Brown (D) today ordered the state to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent by 2030, calling it the most ambitious climate target in North America.
The executive order comes as state lawmakers are already considering a 2030 target and follows an inaugural pledge Brown made in January to halve petroleum consumption and achieve 50 percent renewable energy by that date.
Brown said the goal, which is based on a 1990 emissions base line, is aimed at aligning California with "leading international governments" ahead of the U.N. climate talks in Paris this December. The European Union set a 2030 target in October, he noted.
"With this order, California sets a very high bar for itself and other states and nations, but it's one that must be reached — for this generation and generations to come," he said.
California is on track to meet its current target of 1990 emissions levels by 2020 and has an existing executive order by former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) to reach 80 percent below that by 2050.
State lawmakers are currently considering bills to achieve Brown's goals, including one from state Senate President Pro Tem Kevin De León (D) that would cut petroleum use, double the efficiency of existing buildings and raise the state's renewables portfolio standard to 50 percent, up from 30 percent by 2020 currently (ClimateWire, April 8). A hearing on Sen. Fran Pavley's (D) S.B. 32, which would instruct the state Air Resources Board to set targets for 2030, 2040 and 2050, is scheduled for later today in the state Senate Environmental Quality Committee.
The executive order charges the Air Resources Board with setting a 2030 target expressed in millions of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent and instructs "all state agencies with jurisdiction over sources of greenhouse gas emissions" to implement emissions cuts, as well, in service of both the 2030 and 2050 goals.
The order also focuses on adaptation to climate change, instructing state agencies to incorporate its effects into infrastructure planning, investment decisions and a wide swath of other sectors, including water, energy, transportation, public health and agriculture. The state Natural Resources Agency will take the lead, with an initial report due by September.
Brown also released endorsements from U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres, World Bank President Jim Yong Kim, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and political financier Tom Steyer.
"California's announcement is a realization and a determination that will gladly resonate with other inspiring actions within the United States and around the globe," Figueres said. "It is yet another reason for optimism in advance of the U.N. climate conference in Paris in December."
Steyer emphasized in-state job creation. "When it comes to climate change, California has emerged as a global leader — proving that we don't have to choose between a healthy environment and a strong economy," he said. "Today Governor Brown took that leadership to the next level."
Brown is scheduled to speak later today at the Navigating the American Carbon World conference and at the Milken Institute Global Conference, both in Los Angeles.


Trying to find a new home is all about location. You want to live somewhere that will be easy to find work, close to amenities and comfortable for your family. Finding such a location may seem like a difficult task, but if you are shopping for single-family homes for sale in the Sartell, MN area, you are in luck. This area includes the cities of Sartell, St. Cloud and Sauk Rapids. Due to the location of this area on the Mississippi River, you will find friendly neighborhoods, along with some lakefront homes. Whatever type of home you have your heart set on, you can find it in the Sartell area.
Sartell: Laid Back Small Town Looking first at Sartell, you will see that this is a typical small town where everyone seems to know each other. The community is quite close-knit, but welcoming. Neighborhoods are quaint and tree-lined streets are the norm. Single family homes for sale in Sartell, MN are highly sought after, and a large percent of the population here owns their own home. The market sees a peak during summer, so expect competition if you are shopping at this time of the year.
Saint Cloud: Bigger and Busy Saint Cloud may be a better choice for you if you prefer a bigger town. It is very close to the Twin Cities area, allowing you to have easy access to jobs and amenities. While it is a business area, there are still many residential neighborhoods. You can find a neighborhood to fit any budget, from affordable to high end. The market is most competitive during the summer. Also, there is more even mix of renters and homeowners with around 62 percent of the population owning homes.
Sauk Rapids: Small Yet Convenient Sauk Rapids is probably the best mix of what you get in Sartell and St. Cloud. It is small, yet has great employment opportunities and is still close to the major cities. The cost of living is excellent, and crime is very low. Of the population, 63 percent are home owners, so there is a good renter/owner mix. The median home price is around $148,000 with the peak sales times during the summer.
Find Your Home Now While looking through the listings of single family homes for sale in the Sartell, MN, area, you will need someone who is familiar with the real estate market. Let Chris Hauck help you find the home of your dreams. He can direct you to the best real estate options and help you find something that fits your budget and location needs. Contact me today.


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Ryanair Aug Traffic Grows 9% To 13.8m Customers
Ryanair, Europe's No.1 airline, today (4 Sep) released August traffic statistics as follows:
Total traffic grew 9% to 13.8m with a 97% load factor
Ryanair traffic grew 5% to 13.3m customers with a 97% load factor
Lauda traffic was 0.5m customers with a 92% load factor
ATC staff shortages and one unnecessary pilot strike (10 Aug) caused almost 550 flight cancellations in August compared to just 27 cancellations in August 17
Ryanair's Kenny Jacobs said:
"Ryanair's August traffic (which includes Lauda traffic for the first time) grew by 9% to 13.8m customers, while our load factor was unchanged at 97%, on the back of even lower fares.
Regrettably, over 100,000 Ryanair customers had their flights cancelled in August because of repeated ATC staff shortages in the UK, Germany and France, and one day of unnecessary pilot strikes. Ryanair, together with other European airlines, calls for urgent action by the EU Commission and Governments to correct these ATC staff shortages which are disrupting the travel plans of millions of Europe's consumers this summer."
Lufthansa Technik Supervisory Board appoints new Head of Technical Operations, Logistics & IT
AEGEAN: Temporary suspension of flights to/from Tehran


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The work of Loran Scruggs is the focus of the Art in Public Places program at Fort Worden.
Port Townsend artist featured in Art in Public Places program
by Peninsula Daily News
Friday, February 1, 2019 1:30am
EntertainmentJefferson County
PORT TOWNSEND — New works by Port Townsend artist Loran Scruggs are on display now through April at Taps at the Guardhouse at Fort Worden through the Art in Public Places program.
An opening reception, with a no-host bar, is set for 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday at Taps at the Guardhouse, Building 300 at Fort Worden.
Scruggs also will be one of the artists featured at the Port Townsend Gallery at 715 Water St., and will attend a reception there from 5:30 p.m. to 8 p.m. Saturday during the Port Townsend Gallery Walk.
Scruggs has been making works out of tin cans since 1991; primarily working in 3D then, creating patterns on paper and then transferring them to tin.
Her newest work is a series of hearts just in time for Valentine's Day.
"My art work is about joy, play and reuse," she said. "My work references childhood, as that was a time of the most play. Play is a time of being in the moment, no past or future worries, a time of joy.
"I'm attracted to reuse, too, because it requires creative thinking (play) to re-purpose something anew. I also reuse images for the challenge of recreating them in another medium."
Inspired by the Washington State Arts Commission program, Fort Worden's Art in Public Places began in May 2016.
"Our intention is to encourage and support the local, creative community," said Megan Claflin, Fort Worden public relations manager, and exhibit curator.
"By introducing residents and visitors to the one-of-a-kind works of local artists, we can offer a distinct and memorable experience, one that will empower audiences to share the story of Jefferson County's unique arts community with others in our region and beyond."
To date, more than a dozen artists have displayed their work through the program. They include Jesse Joshua Watson, Chris Witkowski, Meg Kaczyk, Helga Winter, Mike Biskup, Wanda Mawhinney and Mary O'Shannassy.
The program has also expanded through collaborations and partnerships with the Port Townsend School of the Arts, Northwind Arts Center and Centrum.
Taps is open to all ages from noon to 8 p.m. Sunday through Thursday and from noon to 10 p.m. Friday and Saturday.
For more information, visit Taps at the Guardhouse on Facebook or online at fortworden.org/.
To learn more about exhibiting through the Art in Public Places program, email [email protected]
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School Culture Thrives
School Culture Thrives When Relationships Abound
A Retrospective Before, During, and Projections After COVID-19
By Jim Grout
I recently delivered High 5 Adventure's first-ever virtual workshop. As one who has always relied upon in-person teaching to form connections and build relationships, the thought of going virtual was somewhat intimidating. I envisioned that our learning atmosphere would be woefully lacking in a personal connection. Guess what?
An Ah-Ha Moment in Virtual Learning
It never happened. In fact, I came away more energized and invigorated than I've felt since Covid-driven distance learning became the new normal in 2020. The atmosphere of being "virtually present" was palpable amongst our group of classroom learners. The level of engagement as evidenced by the smiles, the laughter, and the affirmation of the nodding of heads defied the fact that we were on screen but rather led me to believe we were literally sharing the same space. How is this possible you might ask? The answer is a simple one; that the human desire and need to form connections and build relationships overcomes any obstacles, even a stubborn and lengthy pandemic and the obstacle of computer screens.
Just imagine what will be possible when teachers and learners are back sharing the same space! Perhaps school culture will emerge stronger than ever as teachers, students, and administrators relish the joy of being face-to-face and embracing what they have intuitively been missing for all these days. The transition back to school (or work) will not be without challenges, but I'm reminded of a past blog I wrote about the importance of positive school culture and how to create one. I think the desire to create such a culture, will be stronger than ever, as a result of the deprivations caused by the pandemic. Let's jump back to a previous "Ah-ha" moment I wrote about in early 2019…
Foundations of a Good School Culture
I had an "Ah-ha" moment when I read an article titled What Makes a Good School Culture? It is written by Harvard's Leah Shafer and published under the column Usable Knowledge, Relevant Research For Today's Educators. I encourage you to read the article. The article suggests that "…connections—strong and overlapping interactions among all members of the school community" are the key to shaping and maintaining a good school culture. That statement hits the mark in my mind.
It seems like this is an intuitive concept, but for many reasons, that basic human skill of connecting with others is absent in so many settings and is in dire need of a reboot. It goes on to describe those interactions as beginning at the top, with the principal, and continuing down through and including the school's adult community, from administrators to teachers. This theory is solid but missing from the approach is an important constituency in the culture puzzle: the students. Why do students matter so much in the formation of strong school culture?
Shaping a Caring Classroom
Our experience at High 5 is that school culture begins in the classroom with the relationship between teachers and students. Forming a strong school culture includes a trickle-up process, in addition to a trickle-down. Can you remember a teacher from your past with whom you had a strong connection, someone who believed in your abilities when you didn't have the courage or capacity to believe in yourself? Teachers genuinely care about their students. The result of this caring shapes the classroom culture. A good school culture will arise out of an environment where communication is open, and where behaviors that promote values like empathy, honesty, and good citizenship, are present in the room each, and every day. The Harvard article supports this contention as it clearly states, "Culture is Connections"." A healthy partnership in learning between teachers, administrators, other adults in the academic community AND students, is the foundation and the ultimate measure of school culture.
Introducing Edge of Leadership (EOL)
Since 2012, High 5 has had the opportunity to partner with the SAU #29 Keene, NH school district to test our theories about school culture and to examine our findings in a real-world setting through our Edge of Leadership (EOL) Program. What began as a pilot program involving EOL and the 5th-grade classes of one elementary school, is now active in every school in the Keene district and is included in the district's curriculum map, making it a permanent part of the educational experience. We are expanding into new grades at the elementary level because social and emotional learning readiness is not age-dependent. The sooner you begin, the more proficient you become.
In sum, EOL is an enhancement curriculum framework, combining SEL, leadership training, and team-building activities. It has resulted in statistically significant improvements in the following skills:
Awareness of and respect for others
Successful relationship building and collaboration
As the quality and intentionality of interactions grow, the resulting classroom culture expands and invites new learning opportunities. The flip side of improved classroom connections is a natural decrease in the need for classroom management. See our EOL in Keene Schools: 2019-2020 Year-End Report to read quotes from teachers and a summary of the effects and outcomes of this impactful program.
At High 5, we are working every day on groundbreaking ways to improve school culture and thereby improve the quality of education. It is the same recipe that we employ at High 5 Adventure to create an organizational culture that motivates people to work hard and stay true to an organization-wide belief in our motto: Connect.Empower.Lead…Be the Example!
Covid has been a challenge, but it has also been a catalyst for High 5 Adventure to enlarge the circle of teachers and students who can benefit from social and emotional learning and leadership
development skills. Our newly emerging digital platform is coming soon to provide teachers and students with extra supportive digital resources they need. Most importantly, we know these resources will lead to stronger school communities. From virtual, in-person, to hybrid classrooms, we want to part of the solution of creating strong school cultures, in which relationships turn the wheel of learning for every student.
To learn more about EOL click here to watch a short video.
Ubuntu Cards – A Short History
High 5 Challenge Course Stories


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Mariah Carey's 'Christmas' Tops Billboard Hot 100 Dated Dec. 25, 2021 – Billboard
Source: Billboard
Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You" makes an unprecedented return to No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 songs chart, rising from No. 2. The carol logs its sixth total week atop the Hot 100 and becomes the first song in the chart's history to have led in three distinct runs on the ranking.
The song was first released on Carey's album Merry Christmas in 1994 and, as streaming has grown and holiday music has become more prominent on streaming services' seasonal playlists, it hit the Hot 100's top 10 for the first time in December 2017, before ascending to No. 1 in both December 2019 (for three weeks) and December 2020 (two).
Carey's gift that keeps on giving (and leading) paces six holiday classics in the Hot 100's top 10, with Brenda Lee's "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree" rising to No. 2 and Wham!'s "Last Christmas" returning to the tier at No. 9.
The Hot 100 blends all-genre U.S. streaming (official audio and official video), radio airplay and sales data. All charts (dated Dec. 25) will update on Billboard.com tomorrow (Dec. 21). For all chart news, you can follow @billboard and @billboardcharts on both Twitter and Instagram.
Here's a deeper look at Carey's latest Hot 100 coronation with "Christmas," on Columbia Records/Legacy Recordings.
Airplay, streams & sales: Carey's "Christmas" drew 37.6 million U.S. streams (up 16%) and 26.1 million radio airplay audience impressions (up 7%) and sold 7,400 downloads (up 7%) in the Dec. 10-16 tracking week, according to MRC Data.
The song spends a 13th total week at No. 1 on the Streaming Songs chart and rises 9-7 on Digital Song Sales; and 24-23 on Radio Songs. It also leads the multi-metric Holiday 100 chart for a 49th week, of the chart's 54 total weeks since the list launched in 2011; it has topped the tally for 34 consecutive weeks, dating to the start of the 2015-16 holiday season, and dominates as the top title on the recently-revealed Greatest of All Time Holiday 100 Songs chart.
Since its release, the song has upped its U.S. totals to 4.3 billion in radio audience, 1.4 billion streams and 3.7 million in download sales.
No. 1 in a third separate chart run: Carey's "Christmas" first topped the Hot 100 dated Dec. 21, 2019, and led again on the next two lists, dated Dec. 28, 2019, and Jan. 4, 2020.
The following holiday season, it returned to No. 1 on the chart dated Dec. 19, 2020, and, after a week at No. 2 (below Taylor Swift's "Willow"), topped the Jan. 2, 2021, dated tally.
As "Christmas" rules the latest, Dec. 25, 2021-dated chart, it claims its sixth total week at No. 1 in its third seasonal run at the summit, becoming the first song in the Hot 100's 63-year history to lead in three distinct chart runs. The track has re-entered the survey each November or December dating to 2012.
(As "Christmas" has made four interrupted climbs to the top of the Hot 100, on charts dated Dec. 21, 2019, Dec. 19, 2020, Jan. 2, 2021, and now Dec. 25, 2021, it ties 24kGoldn's "Mood," featuring iann dior, beginning in October 2020, and Drake's "Nice for What," in 2018, as the only songs with four separate ascents to No. 1; unlike "Christmas," the latter two tracks logged their four distinct rises to No. 1 over unbroken chart stays.)
Longest span atop the Hot 100: Carey's "Christmas" now boasts the longest span from a song's first week at No. 1 on the Hot 100 to its latest: two years and four days (Dec. 21, 2019-Dec. 25, 2021).
It passes the only other song to lead the Hot 100 over multiple runs: Chubby Checker's "The Twist," which topped the tally dated Sept. 19, 1960, before, thanks to new popularity among adult audiences, leading the lists dated Jan. 13 and 20, 1962, ruling again after a gap of a year, three months and three weeks. (Still, that break remains the longest between Hot 100 reigns.)
Most weeks at No. 1 for a holiday hit: With its sixth week atop the Hot 100, Carey's "Christmas" extends its record for the most time at No. 1 among holiday songs. The only other seasonal single to jingle to the apex, "The Chipmunk Song," by David Seville & the Chipmunks, spent four weeks on top beginning in December 1958.
Carey's record 85th week atop Hot 100: With "Christmas," Carey claims her record-extending 85th week at No. 1 on the Hot 100, dating to the chart's Aug. 4, 1958, inception.
Most Weeks at No. 1 on Hot 100
85, Mariah Carey
60, Rihanna
59, The Beatles
52, Drake
50, Boyz II Men
47, Usher
41, Beyoncé
37, Michael Jackson
34, Elton John
34, Bruno Mars
"Christmas" became Carey's 19th Hot 100 No. 1, the most among soloists and one away from The Beatles' overall record 20. It also made Carey the first artist to have ranked at No. 1 on the chart in four distinct decades, dating to her first week on top with her debut single, "Vision of Love," in 1990.
Further, "Christmas" is Carey's record fifth Hot 100 No. 1 to rule for six weeks or more. She one-ups Boyz II Men, Drake and Usher, each with four such leaders.
Plus, it's not only fitting that "Christmas" leads the Hot 100 dated Dec. 25, 2021, but Carey is the only artist to top the chart on multiple rankings dated Dec. 25: her "Hero" began a four-week stay at No. 1 on the Dec. 25, 1993, Hot 100. (This week's chart is the 10th dated Dec. 25 in the list's history.)
Brenda Lee's "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree," originally released in 1958, rises 3-2 on the Hot 100, returning to its high reached in each of the last two holiday seasons. It dances merrily with 19.8 million in radio airplay audience (up 7%), 35.8 million streams (up 19%) and 5,900 sold (down 3%).
Adele's "Easy on Me" slips to No. 3 on the Hot 100, after seven nonconsecutive weeks at No. 1, with 86.6 million in radio reach (up 1%), 19.2 million streams (down 7%) and 8,300 in sales (down 10%). The ballad spends a fourth week at No. 1 on Radio Songs.
The late Bobby Helms' "Jingle Bell Rock," from 1957, lifts 6-4 on the Hot 100 and the late Burl Ives' "A Holly Jolly Christmas," from 1964, keeps at No. 5. The Yuletide standards have hit respective peaks of Nos. 3 and 4 in each of the last two holiday seasons.
The Kid LAROI and Justin Bieber's "Stay" slides 4-6 on the Hot 100, after seven weeks at No. 1. Notably, over its first 23 weeks on the chart, dating to its July debut at No. 3, the song has yet to rank below No. 6. It's one of only three titles ever to have spent its first 23 weeks or more in the top six spots, after Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You" (27, in 2017) and Post Malone's "Rockstar," featuring 21 Savage (also 23, in 2017-18).
The late Andy Williams' "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" rises 10-7 on the Hot 100. Originally released in 1963, it hit a No. 5 high last holiday season.
Glass Animals' "Heat Waves" pushes 9-8 on the Hot 100, after reaching No. 7, as it tops the Hot Rock & Alternative Songs and Hot Alternative Songs charts, both of which use the same multi-metric methodology as the Hot 100, for a 13th week each.
Wham!'s "Last Christmas" dashes back to the Hot 100's top 10, and its No. 9 high, first reached last holiday season, from No. 13. The 1984 release advances with 23.4 million streams (up 16%), 17.1 million in airplay audience (up 7%) and 3,400 sold (up 2%).
The song became the seventh Hot 100 top 10 for the duo of George Michael (who died Dec. 25, 2016) and Andrew Ridgeley, after the pair charted its first six in 1984-86, including the No. 1s "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go," "Careless Whisper" and "Everything She Wants." Michael subsequently notched 14 solo top 10s, including seven No. 1s, through 1996.
Rounding out the Hot 100's top 10, Lil Nas X and Jack Harlow's "Industry Baby" descends 8-10, after a week at No. 1, as it posts a 17th week atop the multi-metric Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Hot R&B Songs charts.
Again, for all chart news, you can follow @billboard and @billboardcharts on both Twitter and Instagram and all charts (dated Dec. 25), including the Hot 100 in its entirety, will refresh on Billboard.com tomorrow (Dec. 21).
Paul McCartney Taps St. Vincent, Beck, Josh Homme for 'III Imagined'
Takeaways From Sony Music's 2020 Financial Review and Future Forecast
Taylor Swift's 'Love Story' Re-Recording Sells 10,000 in U.S. on First Day
How Do Acts Follow 10-Week Hot 100 No. 1s?
'The Most Incredible Man' – Billboard
Crowded House Drop New Single, Set First Album In a Decade
Megan Thee Stallion opens up about facing the male gaze in Julie Adenuga interview
Jacqueline Avant's Family Announce Memorial Fund – Billboard


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'Bringing the outside inside'. Vines hang from central skylights, neutralising the bold, dominant black walls. The use of greenery, furnishes and finishes aids in a life size terrarium experience.
A Glass Crystal Palace in Buen Retiro Park, now used for contemporary art exhibitions organised through the Reina Sofia Museum. A mesmerising piece of Architecture.
An ancient Egyptian temple dating back to 2nd century BC, dismantled and rebuilt in Madrid, Spain.