FILE PHOTO: Immigration attorneys reported Thursday receiving higher than usual numbers of calls from families whose relatives have been arrested by ICE agents.
Federal officials have ramped up arrests of undocumented immigrants, Los Angeles-area immigration lawyers said on Thursday.
Karla Navarrete, an attorney with CHIRLA, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, said she and other immigration lawyers received a higher than usual number of calls from families of people arrested by immigration authorities.
Navarrete said she talked to a man in custody who was arrested in Van Nuys.
"This person has an old deportation order from 2011, I believe ... and they have identified him and picked him up. He has no convictions but he has a deportation order," Navarrete said.
She said the man has three children who are United States citizens.
Under the Obama administration, the policy had been to prioritize the arrests of undocumented residents who had committed serious crimes. It's unclear if the latest arrests represent a new policy direction under President Donald Trump's administration.
CHIRLA and ACLU planned a vigil Thursday night at the Metropolitan Detention Center in downtown L.A. to respond to what they described as a series of raids conducted by ICE agents with as many as 100 people detained in areas like Downey and Van Nuys.
Protesters hit the streets of downtown LA on Thursday night in response to the raids, even blocking the entrance to the 101 Freeway at one point.
Angelica Salas, executive director of CHIRLA, told KPCC media partner NBC4 there are things they want undocumented people to know.
"We want to make sure that individuals understand that they don't have to sign anything that could jeopardize them, that they have a right to an attorney," she said.
ICE spokeswoman Lori Haley says immigration agents "conduct enforcement actions every day" which she described as "routine" … she says those actions target - in her words - "individuals who pose a risk to our communities"
CHIRLA will hold "Know Your Rights" training sessions throughout the day today (FRI).
Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials said claims that ICE personnel arrested 100 people in one day are "grossly exaggerated." But they would not say how many people were detained. ICE officials said that routine immigration enforcement actions are ongoing.
CHIRLA spokesman Jorge-Mario Cabrera said even if there were "70, or 50 arrests," that's still far above the norm. Cabrera said his group typically hears of only a handful of arrests on any given day.


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HEYDAR ALIYEV ABOUT AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE
15 June - Day of National Salvation.
The Azerbaijani language is the greatest national wealth of the independent Azerbaijan.
The people keep alive and develop their language. Our language is rich and very harmonious. Azerbaijani is rich in vocabulary. Personally, I love this language.
The language is one of the main factors determining the national identity of the Azerbaijani people.
The youth must know well our history, our language, our culture and our religious values.
One of the greatest merits of Mohammed Fuzuli is that, despite the complicated processes of the era and its aftermath, he created in the Turkish language – his native language and put it above everything else.
Every Azerbaijani citizen, every Azerbaijani must know the native language – the Azerbaijani language and the language of the state.
As with all peoples, the mother tongue of the Azerbaijani people is part of their identity.
I am proud that the Azerbaijani language that belongs to the Turkic group of languages is so rich in artistic expressions and we can express our thoughts on all aspects of life in our mother tongue.
The people with a developed rich language culture are immortal and have a great future. Therefore, every Azerbaijani must guard this valuable national wealth that was inherited from our ancestors as the apple of the eye, and must always love, protect, cherish and defend it. This is the sacred duty of every citizen.
Today with great pride I can say that the Azerbaijani language passed a long way of development in the twentieth century. Now you can see what a rich, sweet, melodic language it is, and how rich it is in vocabulary for expressing our thoughts. We'll ensure the prevalence of the Azerbaijani language to be dominant in Azerbaijan and its further development.
The Azerbaijanis have undergone through severe trials and hardships for centuries, but haven't lost their self-esteem, identity and language.
Now as an independent state and nation we are proud of our language – the Azerbaijani.
The Azerbaijani language united us in the past, unites us now and will unite us in the future.
The language immortalizes the identity and moral values of a nation and continues to develop it.
People who do not know their mother tongue are crippled.
We must always be grateful to our ancestors, because even at that time when our lands were occupied by various shahs, sultanates, caliphates and states our native tongue didn't become a dead one and reached our times. It is the nation that keeps the language alive.
We are a nation belonging to the family of Turkic-speaking peoples. However, this family has many branches. And Azerbaijani is one of its branches. We have already confirmed this fact, and it has been accepted by the community.
Any language is very valuable for its native speakers. For us, the Azerbaijani language is our mother tongue, and we highly appreciate it, because for many years it hasn't been widely used in the society. However, every Azerbaijani contributed to the gestalt of the Azerbaijani language a lot or a little. Especially in those hard times our writers, literary critics and poets played a greater role in keeping the Azerbaijani language alive.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Manuel Baquedano González (Santiago 1 januari 1823 - aldaar 30 september 1897) was een Chileens generaal die in 1891 voor enkele dagen waarnemend president van Chili was.

Biografie

Achtergrond, opleiding en vroege carrière
Hij was de zoon legerkapitein Fernando Baquedano Rodríguez (1796-1862), die tijdens de revolutie van 1851 een voorname rol speelde, en van Teresa González de Labra y Ros. Hij studeerde aan de school van priester Juan Romo en aan het Instituto Nacional. Tijdens zijn studie sloot hij vriendschap met de latere president Federico Errázuriz (1825-1877) en de dichter en schrijver Eusebio Lillo (1826-1910). In 1838 liep hij van huis weg en sloot zich aan bij het Chileens leger dat ten strijde trok tegen Peru. Hij nam deel aan verschillende veldslagen en werd in 1839, op zestienjarige leeftijd, bevorderd tot luitenant. Na de oorlog (1839) volgde hij een militaire opleiding en in 1845 werd hij bevorderd tot eerste luitenant en diende vervolgens als adjudant bij de grenadiers. In 1850 werd hij bevorderd tot kapitein.

Revolutie van 1851

Net als zijn vader speelde hij een belangrijke rol tijdens de revolutie van 1851 toen liberalen en federaal ingestelde conservatieven in opstand kwamen tegen de regering van de nieuwe president Manuel Montt. Anders dan zijn vader diende hij in het regeringsleger en vocht tegen het rebellenleger onder kolonel Pedro Urriola Balbontín, die op zijn beurt de liberaal Eusebio Lillo - de vriend van Baquedano - steunde. Baquedano werd benoemd tot chef van de staf van generaal Manuel Bulnes en nam met het regeringsleger deel aan de slag bij Loncomilla, die plaatsvond op 8 december 1851. De commandant van de rebellen was zijn eigen vader en ook zijn broer vocht tijdens de slag aan de zijde van de rebellen. Nadat de rebellen waren verslagen bezocht hij zijn vader, die tijdens de slag gewond was geraakt.

In januari 1852 werd Baquenado bevorderd tot sergeant-majoor van een speciale legereenheid die tot taak had de regering te beschermen. In het begin van 1854 verloor hij zijn post als stadscommandant van Angol toen niet helemaal duidelijk was wat zijn rol was tijdens een vermeende muiterij. Hij nam daarop ontslag en kocht een kleine hacienda in de buurt van Los Ángeles. De regering weigerde echter om zijn ontslag te aanvaarden en benoemde hem in maart 1855 tot stadscommandant in Valparaíso. Op zijn verzoek werd hij echter in april van dat jaar overgeplaatst naar Arauco, omdat dat dichter bij zijn hacienda was. Tussen 1855 en 1869 wijdde hij zich - naast zijn militaire taken - vooral aan zijn boerderij. Hij bleek een succesvol landbouwer en zijn bedrijf werd een succesvolle onderneming. Uiteindelijk wist hij zich een klein fortuin te vergaren. In 1866 verkreeg hij de rang van luitenant-kolonel.

In 1868 werd hij onder de wapenen geroepen om deel te nemen aan de onderdrukking van een opstand van inheemse stammen. In 1870, na de succesvolle onderdrukking van de opstand, werd hij bevorderd tot kolonel. In 1876 werd hij brigadegeneraal. Onder president Errázuriz (1871-1876) was hij inspecteur-generaal van de Nationale Garde.

Salpeteroorlog

Tijdens de Salpeteroorlog (1879-1883) tegen Peru en Bolivia was Baquedano generaal der cavalerie. Hij nam deel aan drie grote militaire campagnes: in Tarapacá, Tacna en Arica en Lima en plande de Slag bij Los Ángeles. Na het ontslag van generaal Erasmo Escala werd Baquedano door de minister van Oorlog benoemd opperbevelhebber van het Chileense leger. Hij wist de orde het moraal onder de manschappen te verbeteren. In zijn nieuwe functie was hij betrokken bij de veldslagen te Chorrillos en Miraflores (januari 1881). Binnen een maand wist hij de Peruaanse hoofdstad Lima te veroveren. In maart werden hij en zijn mannen in Valparaíso onthaald als helden.

Als opperbevelhebber stond Baquedano bekend als zeer kundig maar ook zeer autoritair en koppig. Na de oorlog nam Baquedano ontslag uit de actieve militaire dienst. De regering nam een speciale wet aan om de generaal te voorzien van een ruim pensioen.

Politieke carrière
Van 1882 tot 1894 was Baquedano senator. In die functie was hij lid van de Senaatscommissie die verantwoordelijk was voor de reorganisatie en modernisering van het Chileense leger. In 1889 zond president José Manuel Balmaceda hem als hoofd van een militaire missie naar Europa. In 1890 keerde hij naar Chili terug.

Tijdens de Chileense burgeroorlog van 1891 nam Baquedano een strikt neutrale houding aan. Na de nederlaag van de regeringstroepen droeg president Balmaceda op 29 augustus 1891 zijn bevoegdheden over aan Baquedano. Als waarnemend staatshoofd droeg hij op 31 augustus de macht over aan kapitein Jorge Montt, de bevelhebber van het rebellenleger.

Baquedano trok zich uit het openbare leven terug en overleed op 30 september 1897 op 74-jarige leeftijd in Santiago.

Referenties

Zie ook
Lijst van presidenten van Chili
Salpeteroorlog

President van Chili
Chileens generaal
Persoon in de Chileense Burgeroorlog (1891)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A man has been arrested over allegedly pulling a gun on a Transperth revenue officer who asked to see his ticket at a suburban train station.
Police say the incident happened at Oats Street station in Carlisle about 12.15pm on Sunday.
The man in his 20s allegedly ran off after pointing the gun at the officer and was unable to be found. He was arrested on Monday afternoon.


As the mild-mannered but resolute Shashi, who was the object of ridicule among her family members because of her inability to communicate in English, Sridevi made a stellar comeback with Gauri Shinde's English Vinglish (2012). Five years down the line, we hear the actor-director duo is ready to team up again for a sequel to the much-loved drama.
A source in the know says, "Sridevi indicated that a collaboration is in the offing when the film completed five years last month. She shared a picture of Gauri and her, and wrote, 'Coming Soon'. They were supposed to come together for a woman-centric light-hearted comedy earlier, but the story was not fully developed. So they shifted their focus to the sequel."
While rumours of them reuniting for a sequel had surfaced in 2014, both the ladies had vehemently denied them then. However, over the past five years, the two have maintained that they became great friends during the shoot of English Vinglish and would love to work together again.
The source adds that Sridevi hasn't green-lit any project after the July release, Mom, and is keeping her date diary free for her project with Shinde. "She takes her time mulling over scripts and selecting them, which is why her second innings has seen only two films, but both of them critically acclaimed at that. She might do a cameo in Janhvi's debut, but her next project will be with Gauri. The film will kick off sometime early next year."
In an interview, when we asked Sridevi about the prospect of a sequel, she said, "It's too early to talk about it. There's something happening. We will talk about it when things are concrete." We texted Shinde, but she remained unavailable for comment till the time of going to press.


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Home / GFA goes to court to challenge dissolution by government
GFA goes to court to challenge dissolution by government
Finder Sports can confirm that the Ghana Football Association has initiated moves to challenge government's decision to dissolve the FA and also place an injunction on the activities of the FA in the wake of the Anas Aremeyaw Anas exposé which has opened the deep-seated corruption embedded in the Ghanaian game.
According to our sources, the GFA has instructed its lawyers, led by Thaddeus Sory, to file a motion in court to fight any attempt to dissolve the association or stop it from conducting its activities.
Our sources say the GFA is not opposed to government helping in cleaning up what is widely regarded as a tainted association, but at he same time the FA is determined to fight for its rights and stop any attempts by government to set a bad precedent for the future.
Last Tuesday, June 12, 2018, the Attorney General, Ms Gloria Akuffo, went to an Accra High court to begin the process of dissolving the GFA.
As a first step, the Accra High Court granted an injunction restraining officials of Ghana Football Association (GFA) from carrying out all official activities.
The 10-day injunction secured last Tuesday, is part of the government's efforts to dissolve the GFA and restructure it to restore public confidence in the game.
The order of the court, therefore, bars the GFA and its officials from carrying out all official duties such as, the organization of football matches, selling of the Association's assets, appointment and election of officials and other official duties.
In her argument before the court, Attorney General Gloria, Akuffo stated that the GFA was being used for illegal activities. In view of this therefore, she said government has a responsibility to protect the interest of the public.
She further added that officials of the GFA have used the association for some scandalous and corrupt activities.
Ms Akuffo also told the court the association and its former president, Kwesi Nyantakyi, used the GFA as an instrument for self-aggrandizement and a means by some officials to make themselves rich.
"The GFA has now become an instrument for self-aggrandizement by people who run it to make themselves rich," she said.
She argued that seeing the recent investigative piece by undercover journalist, Anas Aremeyaw Anas, the government cannot sit back and allow Ghana football to plummet further.
She says in spite of these revelations, officials of the FA attempted to travel to Russia to perform functions of the FA.
"GFA has undermined its existence and therefore in the interest of protecting the national interests, we say the Attorney-General owes the duty to take urgent measures to stop this," she argued.
But our sources say, the ramifications of dissolving the FA could attract a FIFA ban, something Thaddeus has been tasked to prevent.
Source: The Finder
Previous #Number12: MOYS, FIFA to hold showdown talks in Accra
Next VIDEO: Essien is the best Ghana player I have played with – Sammy Kuffour


Some stars literally shined while others made an impression in all-black.
Selena debuted a new blonde 'do with biker-girl sass in a leather mini-dress, inspired by Coach.
Tracee Ellis Ross, it's official: you're our sequin-Queen.
We love this chic updated version of the classic black suit - the bralette adds some edge to the look.
Top-to-toe gorgeous in Monique Lhullier.
Ciara kept it simple in a little black dress by Alexandre Vauthier and knee-high boots.
Ashlee decided to go the glimmering route, too, and looked chic in this ombré-sequin dress.
Kelly in a custom off-the-shoulder Christian Siriano gown paired with the oxblood lippie. BOOM. Golden goddess.
Pretty, peach Prada dresses for the win!
Black seemed to be a huge trend on the carpet this year, and we love the blue fringe on Chrissy's dress, not forgetting that adorable clutch oozing pops of colour.
Saving the best for last, let's take a second to drool over this young fashionista rockin' it in Prada and embellished shorts.


Cozzi Building Services Limited can be found in STEVENAGE Hertfordshire. Double glazing is without doubt one of the best and environment friendly ways to cut back your heating bills. In line with some figures (for example from the Vitality Saving Belief), double glazing can cut back your annual heating bills by as much as ??135.
With this in mind, it is positively price fascinated by having double glazing installed, but it may be expensive. So how will you find help to pay for it? Cozzi Building Services Limited can help you.
Nicely, the first thing you are able to do if you don't have enough cash saved is to ask double glazing firms if they do instalment payment plans. In case you do that although, ensure you examine all the small print. Some in-firm finance plans charge excessive interest rates, so it might be higher to take out a mortgage from a bank. Most banks think about house enchancment loans and their charges could also be lower.
A substitute for a mortgage is a purchase now ? pay later scheme. These will generally be curiosity-free in case you pay the steadiness before the due date. After the due date, curiosity is usually charged and there may be penalties for early compensation after that date.
Should you don't need to, or can't, take out a loan or purchase now ? pay later association, then you might qualify for a double glazing grant.
The very first thing to mention is that not everyone can be entitled to a double glazing grant, and that your eligibility will rely on quite a few factors.
Having mentioned that, in England, Scotland and Wales it is actually price contacting your Local Authority and making use of for a grant as chances are you'll discover you may get monetary support in the direction of the cost of new double glazing.
The amount you receive may depend in your age, any disabilities you may have, whether or not you have any savings, whether you're receiving any benefits, and the Native Authority you reside in. The property itself can also affect the sum of money you receive.
When you live in a listed building then you might be entitled to some assist in the direction of the cost of secondary double glazing or alternative solutions.
There are sometimes ready lists for home improvement grants from the council, so it pays to apply and then to be persistent for those who don't hear anything. It is sadly true that those that persist typically obtain a response earlier than those that send the application and then ignore it.
In case you can afford to have it achieved, double glazing will enhance the power effectivity of your home, make it warmer, cut back outdoors noise, cut back condensation and increase the value of your house and make it more saleable. So look into double glazing grants from your local authority and do not waste any extra time!


Perfect piece of cake. Every time. With the iconic Magisso Cake Server cutting and serving your favorite cake is easier and more stylish than ever.
Perfect piece of cake. Every time. With the iconic Magisso Cake Server cutting and serving your favorite cake is easier and more stylish than ever. All you need to do is press the Cake Server through a cake, squeeze it gently for lifting the piece onto your plate. Release the squeeze and get that perfect piece of cake upright on your plate.


This class has an online component. Contact the instructor for further information. Students must be enrolled in the Nursing Program.
This class has an online component. Contact the instructor for further information.


Making time for reading can be difficult, but if you follow these tips and trips you can find ways to read more of your favorite books, magazines, or newspaper articles.
Check out some tips on dating while owning a reactive dog!
Check out my post on working and owning pets!


When on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much struck with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to throw some light on the origin of species—that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers.
…I can entertain no doubt, after the most deliberate study and dispassionate judgment of which I am capable, that the view which most naturalists entertain, and which I formerly entertained—namely, that each species has been independently created—is erroneous.
Nothing is easier than to admit in words the truth of the universal struggle for life, or more difficult—at least I have found it so—than constantly to bear this conclusion in mind.
Can the principle of selection, which we have seen is so potent in the hands of man, apply in nature?
I can see no good reason to doubt that female birds, by selecting, during thousands of generations, the most melodious or beautiful males, according to their standard of beauty, might produce a marked effect.
It makes the works of God a mere mockery and deception; I would almost as soon believe with the old and ignorant cosmogonists, that fossil shells had never lived, but had been created in stone so as to mock the shells now living on the sea-shore.
It has been remarked that a skilful workman, with fitting tools and measures, would find it very difficult to make cells of wax of the true form, though this is perfectly effected by a crowd of bees working in a dark hive. Grant whatever instincts you please, and it seems at first quite inconceivable how they can make all the necessary angles and planes, or even perceive when they are correctly made. But the difficulty is not nearly so great as it at first appears: all this beautiful work can be shown, I think, to follow from a few very simple instincts.
A man must for years examine for himself great piles of superimposed strata, and watch the sea at work grinding down old rocks and making fresh sediment, before he can hope to comprehend anything of the lapse of time, the monuments of which we see around us.
What an infinite number of generations, which the mind cannot grasp, must have succeeded each other in the long roll of years! Now turn to our richest geological museums, and what a paltry display we behold!
In the Galapagos Archipelago, many even of the birds, though so well adapted for flying from island to island, are distinct on each; thus there are three closely-allied species of mocking-thrush, each confined to its own island.
Embryology rises greatly in interest, when we thus look at the embryo as a picture, more or less obscured, of the common parent-form of each great class of animals.
Community in embryonic structure reveals community of descent.
I can see no limit to this power, in slowly and beautifully adapting each form to the most complex relations of life.
This entry was posted in Nature Books, Writing and tagged Darwin, Origin of Species. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Kenichi Arakawa. CEO & Founder of EDOBIO
Featuring Kenichi Arakawa CEO & Founder of EDOBIO
TRADITIONAL JAPAN BEAUTY SECRETS
COMBINED WITH MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY
EDOBIO was launched in 2018 after 15 long years of research went into the skincare company's all-natural products. Founded by entrepreneur Kenichi Arakawa, EDOBIO quickly established itself as a top-notch producer of high-quality products which distanced it from other Japanese beauty brands.
Arakawa began a career in IT but transitioned over to the beauty industry thanks to an interest in the sector. Since initially starting the basis of what would be the company over a decade ago, Arakawa has worked incessantly to build EDOBIO into a one of a kind brand. That work has paid off with stores in countries across Asia carrying its soaps.
"The EDOBIO collection is available at stores in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, as well as the company's online marketplace. We are going to start selling in Australia and Russia this year. We do have dreams of expanding more overseas. We're also looking at other big markets around Europe and the USA. We've got a lot of customers from the USA who love our soap. We feel there is a market and our product market fits this moment exactly. Customers love our super high-quality plant-based products."


Bacteria are microscopic organisms that can be found in diverse environments. They consist of a single cell and have a simple internal structure. It has no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They also have circular pieces of DNA known as plasmids. These plasmids often contain genes that give the bacterium some advantage over other bacteria.
1. All of the bacteria living in our body collectively weighs ………………………………….
2. The smell of rain is caused by a bacteria called ………………………………….
3. Scientists found ………………………… species of bacteria living just in the bellybutton of human beings.
4. Honey is a natural reservoir for the ………………………………….. bacteria.
5. The cell structure of bacteria is unique because they don't have ………………………………….
6. Some bacteria have long tails which are also known as ………………………………….
7. Bacteria that can cause diseases in animals and plants are known as ………………………………………..
8. The scientific name for bacteria cells is ………………………………………………..
10. The largest known bacteria is …………………………………………………………….
Declan, Tobin. " Bacteria Worksheet and Quiz - ." Easy Science for Kids, Apr 2019. Web. 18 Apr 2019. < https://easyscienceforkids.com/bacteria-worksheet-quiz/ >.


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Home General News New research identifying medieval use of birch bark tar
New research identifying medieval use of birch bark tar
20th January 2020:
The first confirmed use of birch bark tar from the early medieval period in the UK has been identified from a site excavated by Oxford Archaeology East and analysed by scientists from the University of Bristol, in collaboration with the British Museum. It appears that birch bark tar was used at a later period than previously observed, probably for medicinal purposes.
The tar is produced from the bark of the birch tree and is known to have been in use as early as the Palaeolithic as an adhesive, sealant and in medicine due to its stickiness, water resistance and biocidal properties. In eastern and northern Europe, there appears to be continuity of use into modern times, but in western Europe and the British Isles, birch bark tar has been believed to be limited to prehistory, with gradual displacement by pine tars during the Roman period.
Two later identifications from early medieval sites in the East of England have now been published in the Journal of Archaeological Science. A small lump of birch bark tar was found by OA East in an early Anglo-Saxon child grave (500-600 AD) in Cambridge, and a residue containing birch bark tar was identified in a ceramic vessel found in Kent.
Birch bark tar lump
The child in the Anglo-Saxon grave is likely to have been a girl aged seven to nine years old. She was buried with a variety of grave goods, including brooches and beads on her chest, and a collection of artefacts which would have been contained within a bag hanging from a belt at her waist. These include an iron knife, a copper alloy girdle hanger and an iron ring, along with the dark lump of birch bark tar. Pathological indicators on the child's skeleton indicate that the tar may have been used for its antiseptic properties.
Anglo-Saxon child burial
Chemical analysis carried out by scientists from the University of Bristol's Organic Chemistry Unit identified that the two tars from Cambridge and Kent also contained fatty material, possibly added to modify the tar. The composition of the residue within the ceramic container analysed by the team at the British Museum have suggested that this was possibly used for processing the tar.
Dr Julie Dunne, from the University of Bristol's School of Chemistry, said: "The results present the first identification of birch bark tar from early medieval archaeological contexts in the UK. This may indicate a later period of use for birch bark tar in the UK than previously thought and raises the question of whether this indicates evidence of a longer continuity of use than we previously recognised or was it a later reintroduction of the technology in the medieval period. If this is the case, then the similarities between the find sites, both early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries with comparable assemblages of grave goods, may be significant."
Paper: 'Birch bark tar in early medieval England – continuity of tradition or technological revival?' by R. Stacey, J. Dunne, S. Brunning, T. Deviese, R. Mortimer, S. Ladd, K. Parfitt, R. Evershed, I. Bull and L. McIntyre in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
Source: Oxford Archaeology
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His broad knowledge of luxury homes, from custom building to selling, offer clientele an advantage unique to the industry. He specializes in serving buyers and sellers in the high-end residential real estate market as well as selective commercial and investment properties.
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Open-air defecation: A qualitative approach
Rock Britto, S Cynthiya Arputham, S Monika, R Meena, R Neevetha, S Dheekshana, A Deepa, AM Veerakumar, Neethu George
Departments of Community Medicine, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Center (SRM Group), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
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Introduction: India is facing a challenge in controlling open-air defecation (OAD). There are various sociocultural and behavioral factors that influenced the practice. Objective: To study the attitude, behavior, and practice associated with OAD among individuals in Samayapuram area, Trichy district, Tamil Nadu. Methodology: This was a qualitative study done during August 2016. The topic guide comprised questions about OAD and latrines. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted among various groups and individuals. Results: The study population comprised people of different age groups and gender residing in Samayapuram, Trichy District, Tamil Nadu. Five FGDs were conducted among field workers, adult males, adult females, and school children (both males and females). Ten IDIs were conducted among school children, adults, the elderly, a medical officer, an executive officer, a sanitary inspector, and a sanitary worker. The study showed that people prefer OAD over latrine for the following reasons: economical, habit, comfort, space constraints, opportunity to be combined with walking, smoking and chatting with friends, ventilation, and easy accessibility. They did not prefer community latrines for maintenance constraints such as water scarcity, cleanliness, and distance. Conclusion: The issue of OAD can be addressed only by strong and continuous motivation of individuals and groups. Any intervention to reduce OAD should aim at exploring the unique beliefs, culture, common factors, etc., for it to be effective. The intervention should be highly multidimensional with a special focus on behavior, engineering, and legislation.
Keywords: Beliefs, community latrine, latrine use, open-air defecation, practices
Britto R, Arputham S C, Monika S, Meena R, Neevetha R, Dheekshana S, Deepa A, Veerakumar A M, George N. Open-air defecation: A qualitative approach. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2018;11:119-24
Britto R, Arputham S C, Monika S, Meena R, Neevetha R, Dheekshana S, Deepa A, Veerakumar A M, George N. Open-air defecation: A qualitative approach. Ann Trop Med Public Health [serial online] 2018 [cited 2021 Jan 21];11:119-24. Available from: https://www.atmph.org/text.asp?2018/11/4/119/272559
India is one of the fastest developing nations in terms of technology and industrial growth as per the economic survey on 2016–2017, the Indian Economy should grow by 6.75%–7.5%. As per the Economic Survey 2015–2016, the expenditure by the government (Central and state governments combined) on health as percentage of GDP was 1.3%.[1] According to the Total Sanitation Campaign conducted in 2011, latrine coverage and sanitation performance, the Government of India claimed that coverage was 68%. However, recent census data revealed that real coverage was only 31%.[2] This means that <1 in five toilets were reportedly constructed is in actual place.
Although the country is flourishing in all aspects of health such as health tourism, the primary area of concern which requires immediate reform is open-air defecation (OAD), which has been a challenge over the past few decades in all parts of the country, especially the villages. This problem has caused enormous health and economic consequences to the country. The economic impact of inadequate sanitation is about Rs. 2.4 trillion or 6.4 percent of India's gross domestic product.[3] The progress of the country is both directly and indirectly affected by this behavior. Out of world's estimated 7 billion people, only 4.5 billion people have access to working latrines and about 1 billion people practice OAD.[4] The WHO and UNICEF estimates that there are more than 620 million people practicing OAD in India, that is, over 62% of the world's population who practice OAD. Rest of the world has been steadily improving sanitation and eliminating the practice of OAD, whereas in India, it still remains high.[4]
OAD is the practice of people defecating outside and not into a designated toilet. OAD has dire consequences on both human and the environment. People who defecate in the open in India excrete close to 65,000 tonnes of feces into the environment each day.[5] Although only a part of the population pollutes the environment, even the people who use latrines and practice proper sanitation measures are exposed to the contaminating effects of it. OAD spreads various diarrheal and respiratory diseases, worm infections, causes stunting, and affects the cognitive development. Some of the consequences of this practice is reflected in the recent report of the National Family Health Survey-4, 2015–2016, 35.7% children under 5 years of age are underweight and 38.4% are stunted.[5] India reports the highest number of under-five diarrheal deaths worldwide. The practice of OAD also poses a great risk to the dignity of the people, especially women who are exposed to the danger of physical attacks. Women feel constrained to relieve themselves only under the cover of dark for reasons of privacy to protect their dignity.[6]
Realizing the economic and health impact on the country, the Government of India recognized the need of the people and started providing facilities for community and household latrine constructions. Providing latrine access without promoting latrine usage is unlikely to reduce OAD. Various studies were conducted across the country which concluded that there are significant social, cultural, and behavioral barriers for using latrines. India being a diverse cultural country, this gap between the knowledge and practice of latrine use could be studied better by an exploratory method. Out of 4600 houses in Samayapuram, Trichy District, Tamil Nadu, 3200 houses are provided with latrines while the remaining populations are provided with community latrines. There are around 20 community latrines in Samayapuram. To reveal the behavior and practice associated with the practice of OAD, a qualitative study was conducted in one of the OAD prevalent areas of Samayapuram, Trichy District.
To study the attitude, behavior, and practice associated with OAD among individuals in Samayapuram area, Trichy district, Tamil Nadu.
The study population comprised people of different age groups and gender residing in Samayapuram, Trichy District, South India. It was framed on the basis of a qualitative research model. It was conducted during August 2016. The data collection methods used were focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). A focus group is an organized discussion, though structured in a flexible way, of between 6 and 12 participants. It usually lasts 1 or 2 h and provides the opportunity for all the respondents to participate and to give their opinions.[7] The IDI is a qualitative method of analysis, which proceeds as a confidential and secure conversation between an interviewer and a respondent.[8] FGDs and IDIs were conducted using a topic guide [Table 1].
Table 1: Topic guide for focus group discussions and in-depth interviews
Five FGDs were conducted among field workers, adult males, adult females, and school children (both males and females). FGDs with field workers and adults were conducted in an urban health center and FGDs among school children were conducted in Government school, Samayapuram. All the FGDs were conducted in the local language Tamil and written informed consent was obtained before the discussion. Each FGD was recorded electronically and the key points during the interview were noted. Each FGD took an average time of 15 min. A sociogram was plotted to ensure equal participation of interviewees. The focus groups were more or less homogenous, to create a nonthreatening environment so that the participants were free to speak openly and give honest opinions. Participants were encouraged to not only express their own opinions but also to respond to the others comments and questions posed by the moderator.
Ten IDIs were conducted among school children, adults, the elderly, a medical officer, an executive officer, a sanitary inspector, and a sanitary worker. Written informed consent was obtained before each interview and the interview was recorded electronically and key points noted. Each interview took an average time of 10 min. The interviews were mainly focused on open-ended questions and were broadly divided into questions that pertained to the practice of OAD and latrine usage among the study population. All FGDs and IDIs were dually recorded. Handwritten notes also were taken along with audio recording to identify key concerns and themes for categorization. The data were analyzed using a thematic "Framework Approach." The data obtained were coded and grouped into broad themes and subthemes.
From the survey conducted in one of the OAD prevalent areas, the data obtained by an inductive approach is categorized into the following framework as represented in [Figure 1].[9]
Figure 1: Identified themes
Open-air defecation
Reported benefits
Majority of the study population had told that the practice of defecating in the open is habitual, more comfortable and could be combined with walking. It has been the preferred practice for emergency usage due to easy accessibility because of inadequate latrine facility. A few of them revealed that people were forced to practice OAD due to economical issues such as latrine construction and maintenance.
A field worker stated that, "People prefer going with company for OAD as it gives a chance for small talks and chatting."
A male participant stated that, "People who are habituated to smoking as an inducer for defecation can do it in the open air."
A female elderly participant told that, "It feels oppressed inside a confined latrine but OAD gives free space and ventilation."
Reported drawbacks
Almost every participant of the interview had put forth that pollution of the environment and the transmissions of contagious diseases were the first disadvantage of OAD.
Some of the school children stated that, "OAD produces fly nuisance in the area leading to the transmission of many foodborne diseases."
A female child revealed, "We even experienced the unpleasant odor produced by OAD."
The executive officer and field workers, particularly mentioned that, "OAD is not safe for the people and their safety is not guaranteed, especially among the females who may be physically attacked or harassed."
Latrine use
Majority of the study population had proposed that the main benefit of using a latrine is that it controls the spread of many diseases.
The sanitary inspector stated that, "It is a way of proper disposal of feces."
The medical officer stated that, "People feel comfortable if latrines are close to their house."
Other benefits which stated by the study population were as follows: latrine use is safe and hygienic, it is helpful during emergency-like household latrines, and environmental cleanliness is achieved.
Space constraints for latrine construction, water supply issues, maintenance issues, and economic issues were the main complaints by most of the participants.
A school child mentioned that, "It is dark and sweating inside a latrine."
A fieldworker stated that, "Many persons are unable to use the latrine at the same time, especially in overcrowded houses and community latrines."
Other drawbacks stated were being slippery, especially for the elderly and there is always a need to empty septic tanks.
Availability of latrines
Majority of the participants had revealed that more than 50% of houses are provided with latrines and study area being a semi-urban area, the availability of latrines is comparatively high. There are around 20–22 community latrines available in the area, that is, about 1 community latrine for every 200 houses present.
Stated preferences
Majority of the people who went for OAD are either below 10 years or above 60 years.
Executive officer and school children had stated that, "Males practice OAD more commonly than females."
The sanitary inspector mentioned that, "The floating population such as vendors, pilgrims, and beggars defecate more in the open when compared to the normal residents of this study area."
Place preference
The most preferred places for OAD are fields, riversides, bushy areas, roadsides, deserted and secluded buildings, bus stands, etc.
"Roadsides are preferred during cultivation season," said the executive officer. Women preferred deserted and darker areas for OAD due to fear of physical attacks.
Time preference
Timings preferred by people for OAD were before sunrise and after sunset. They prefer going in the dark for privacy reasons.
Many women preferred to go after completing their household chore and sending their children to school.
Preference for open-air defecation over community latrines
Despite the government and private (pay and use types) community latrines made available for the people, OAD is preferred over these latrines because of the following reasons: water supply issues, maintenance issues, and lack of cleanliness. Some people were hesitant to use latrines used by others.
An elderly female participant said that, "I once developed constipation after using a common latrine."
Other reasons are community latrines produces unpleasant odor and cleaning was done only fortnightly.
Suggestion of preventive measures
The following preventive measures were suggested by the study population:
Creating more awareness
Majority of the study population were aware of the ill effects of OAD, but the practice is less due to lack of motivation. They suggested that OAD can be prevented only by continued education about the health and economic impact.
The executive officer said that, "OAD is a major and continuing problem in our country in spite of all the sanitary measures provided by the government, it is the social responsibility of each and every citizen of the country to keep his environment clean. This could be achieved only by continued house-to-house education and motivation." He also proposed that, "Resolutions regarding latrine usage can be taken by school children and in religious places."
Legislative measures
Many have suggested that OAD can be eliminated completely only by penalties and punishments.
"As many countries followed this method to eradicate OAD and achieved the same in a short period if this is followed in our country, it is possible to eliminate the problem," said the participants.
Some field workers also suggested that latrine usage can be rewarded to encourage the practice.
Most people stated that, "Space constraints are the main problem and some people are forced to defecate in the open, this need should be fulfilled by the government."
Many suggested constructing more community latrines with proper maintenance, adequate water, and electricity supply.
Some school children came with ideas of changing the wastelands, clearing the bushes, and other deserted places used for OAD into agricultural fields, parks for walking or playing, or even building latrine.
We call a country developed not only on the basis of its industrial, economic, scientific, and cultural advances but also the health and hygiene of its citizens. In that aspect, the developing countries are far behind. For instance, they are still fighting infectious, social, and preventive diseases which developed countries have already overcome. From what we hear and see, it is evident that OAD contributes more to the development of infectious diseases. Although the government is providing financial aid to construct latrines and taking active measures to impart awareness and promote latrine culture, OAD and its ill effects are still prevalent in the rural and suburban parts of India. More than half of the people who defecate in the open are in India.[10] Even the holy places are not exempted. For instance, Samayapuram is a well-known and important pilgrimage center drawing mass number of pilgrims annually is very unclean mostly because of OAD.
In our study, we found many favoring reasons for OAD practice such as the political apathy for not providing latrine facilities, unfinished infrastructure of available latrines, and on the other hand, the social, economic, cultural, and behavioral factors associated with OAD. Even after various studies and the various measures taken by the government like the recent SWACHH BHARAT MISSION[11] to eradicate this perennial problem, the menace is still prevailing in India. We inferred from our study that, though for various reasons they still follow OAD, people seemed to be aware of and accept the benefits of closed latrine and may go for it if they are properly motivated and guided.
The practice of OAD is present not only in India but also other developing and underdeveloped nations of the world. The top 10 countries with high rate of OAD are mostly African, South-Asian and South-American nations.[12] Several studies were done in these countries as a measure to eradicate the problem. One of the studies done in Ghana, Africa where only <10% of the population were using improved sanitary latrines revealed that there are socioeconomic and cultural factors that promote open defecation. Some of the factors were indiscipline, poverty (cannot afford to construct improved facilities because they are poor), laws enjoining landlords to provide sanitation not being enforced, a belief that visiting a public latrine would cause one to be possessed by demons or lose one's magical powers, the notion that OAD fertilizes the soil and is costless and the people wanting to protect their bodies from the bad odor from latrines.[13]
According to the participants in our study, poverty (i.e., the inability to afford a latrine) was not a major problem; rather people practice OAD in Samayapuram due to its advantages such as comfort, easy access for emergency usage, as a place for small talks and chatting with friends, and preferred by some people who are habituated to use smoking as an inducer for defecation.
Another exploratory study done in rural Odisha, India, about the sociocultural factors and behavioral factors constraining latrine adoption revealed that latrine use was neglected mainly due to the unfinished latrines subsidized by the government. Other factors which hindered latrine adoption were habits, socializing, sanitation rituals and daily routines varying with caste, gender, marital status, and lifestyle. It was also observed that some head males had interests in constructing latrines for their daughter-in-laws considering their privacy and security.[14]
Community latrines were neglected mainly due to its maintenance issues. Furthermore, most of the people hesitate to use a community latrine as they do not like using the same facility which is being used by many others. Some of them also revealed that there are inadequate lighting and ventilation inside the latrine. Furthermore, the slippery nature of the latrine was a major concern for the elderly people. People who lived in overcrowded houses felt that single latrine was not adequate for the members which led to OAD.
Another survey was designed named Sanitation, Quality, Use, and Trend to represent open defecation challenge in rural North India about the preferences for OAD, among the states of Bihar, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The survey predicted that if the government were to build a latrine for every rural household that lacked one, without changing sanitation preferences, the sample of people in the above states would nevertheless defecate in the open. The respondents of that study had said that defecating in the open provided them with an opportunity to take a morning walk, visit their fields, and take in fresh air; many of them regard open defecation as part of wholesome, healthy, and virtuous life.[15] According to our study, even though the people of Samayapuram find OAD comfortable and convenient, they were well aware of the ill effects of OAD such as spreading diseases and environment pollution. The study population listed out the people who practice open defecation were more commonly children <1 years and elders above 60 years. Other persons who prefer OAD were the floating population such as pilgrims, vendors, and beggars. The most preferred time for OAD was before sunrise and after sunset during the darker hours for privacy. Preferred places for OAD were fields, riversides, bushy areas, roadsides, deserted and secluded buildings, bus stands, etc.
The most common preventive measure suggested by the study population was to conduct house-to-house awareness. Many people suggested legislative measures such as penalties for OAD and rewards for latrine usage. Engineering measures suggested by the participants were to increase the availability of latrines and provide space for construction with proper maintenance of community latrines. Some suggested clearing the OAD areas and converting them into agricultural field, parks, building community latrines or fencing them to avoid using it for OAD. We inferred from this study that by taking into consideration the preferences as mentioned by the people and the preventive measures they have suggested, by giving continuous motivation and education about the benefits of latrine usage and ill effects caused by OAD, and by providing the necessary amenities by the government and NGOs and making sure that it reaches the people, OAD can possibly be eliminated from the area.
People have different beliefs and different culture. People defecate openly due to lack of motivation affected with various factors. However, these factors are common with geography, socioeconomic status, etc., Any intervention to reduce OAD should aim at exploring those unique beliefs, culture, common factors, etc., for it to be effective. The intervention should be highly multidimensional with a special focus on behavior, engineering, and legislation.
We would recommend the government to undertake legislative measures such as penalties/punishments for defecating in the open and reward incentives for using of latrines. The promotion of Pay and Use type latrines will be appropriate in this area along with proper measures for its maintenance. Furthermore, it will be advisable to clear waste lands used for OAD and making them into religious places, agricultural fields, parks, playing area, and community latrines. Health education and motivation sessions should be conducted from the part of government about the ill effects of OAD and to promote latrine use and maintenance. Existing community latrines have to be properly maintained with natural lighting and enough space and also should make it more approachable with various means. Field-level workers will have to actively engage to motivate the people against OAD and promotion of latrines either in community or their homes.
Economic Survey 2016-17. Vol. 2. Available from: http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/es2016-17/echapter_vol2.pdf. [Last accessed on 2017 Aug 16].
Toilet Coverage and Sanitation Performance in India by States (2001-2011). Available from: http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/./toilet-coverage-and-sanitation-performance. [Last accessed on 2016 Jun 8].
Ajith Kumar C, Kumar JR, Vandana. Economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in India; water and Sanitation Program; 2011. Available from: https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/WSP-esi-india.pdf. [Last accesed on 2016 Jun 18].
Eliasson J. United Nations Deputy Secretary-General. UN News Centre; 21 March, 2013. Available from: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=44452. [Last accessed on 2016 Aug 18].
National Family Health Survey – 4. Available from: http://www.rchiips.org/nfhs/pdf/NFHS4/KA_FactSheet.pdf. [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 21].
Eliminate open Defecation – UNICEF. Available from: http://www.unicef.in/Whatwedo//Eliminate-OpeDefecation#sthash.RSLyIo.dpuf. [Last accessed on 2016 Jun 18].
Morgan D. Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research Methods Series 16. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1988.
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Ritchie J, Lewis J, editors. Framework approach. In: Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. 1st ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.; 2013.
Thomas DR. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. Am J Eval 2006;27:237-46.
Kapur, Avani and Iyer, Smriti, Swachh Bharat Mission SBM (Gramin) Budget Briefs 2015-16. Budget Briefs, 7, Issue 5, SBM (Gramin) GOI. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2574160. [Last accessed on 2015 Feb 28].
UNICEF. Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation. World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP); 2012.
Water Aid. Abandoning Open Defecation: Comparison and Adaptation of Social Change Dynamics. Accra: Water Aid Ghana; 2010. Available from: http://www.wateraid.org/documents/plugin_documents/social_transformation_study_briefing_note.pdf. [Last accessed on 2015 Jun 04].
Routray P, Schmidt WP, Boisson S, Clasen T, Jenkins MW. Socio-cultural and behavioural factors constraining latrine adoption in rural coastal Odisha: An exploratory qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2015;15:880.
Coffey D, Gupta A, Hathi P, Khurana N, Spears D, Srivastav N, et al. Revealed preference for open defecation. Econ Polit Wkly 2014;49:43.
Dr. Rock Britto
Department of Community Medicine, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Irungalur, Trichy - 621 105, Tamil Nadu
DOI: 10.4103/ATMPH.ATMPH_516_17
[Figure 1]
Britto R
Arputham S C
Monika S
Meena R
Neevetha R
Dheekshana S
Deepa A
Veerakumar A M
George N
community latrine
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text:
The Missy Chronicles short stories, Stories set in the 1920s
Teddy Sparkles Must Die! (short story)
Teddy Sparkles Must Die!
Main character(s):
The Missy Chronicles
Lords and Masters The Liar, the Glitch and the War Zone
Teddy Sparkles Must Die! was the third short story published in The Missy Chronicles.
Missy isn't exactly cut out to be a 1920s governess, but a wish-granting alien teddy bear will make anything worthwhile.
Esme, Jack, and Peter have gone up to the attic to investigate the quarters of their brand new governess, a woman calling herself Missy. Despite their fear of Missy's wrath and their concerns that she had a hand in the swift resignation of their previous governess, Miss Pratt, the trio of children still decide to investigate the attic, and discover a teddy bear, calling itself Teddy Sparkles. The children are fascinated by the bear, who tells them that he can grant wishes and take them on magical adventures.
The next morning, the children are confronted by Missy about their snooping. To torment them, Missy reveals that she did indeed kill Miss Pratt, showing the children her shrunken corpse, and demands to know what they did with Teddy Sparkles.
Over the next several days, the children use Teddy Sparkles to take many trips around the universe, including to Mars, the centre of the Earth, and the Moon. But each adventure ends with the children in danger until Missy shows up at the last second to save the day. After their trip to the moon, Missy demands that she decide what their next wishes are to be. She suggests that the three children grow up to become the Head of the Secret Service, the Chair of NATO, and the CEO of Galactico Chemicals. Teddy Sparkles grants this one last wish, and Missy leaves the children.
Over the years, Esme, Jack, and Peter all grow up and begin families of their own and, just as Missy had them wish, they grew up to be the Head of the Secret Service, Chair of NATO, and CEO of Galactico Chemicals. On Christmas Eve in 1962, Missy returns and explains that she planned for the children's wishes to be granted, so she could threaten them to assume control of the world. Terrified, Esme finds Teddy Sparkles in the attic, long neglected, and wishes for him to revert the earlier wishes.
Teddy Sparkles grants this wish and hurls Missy away from the family. The children are horrified to see their spouses and children disappear, as they're transported further and further back in time, eventually arriving in 1925. But the children quickly discover that something is severely wrong, as dinosaur skeletons roam the Earth, dragons are found in London, and statues have come to life.
Missy explains that Teddy Sparkles was unable to fully fix 1925 back to the way it was without dying, and she explains that if time is to go back to the way it was, he must die to do it. Teddy Sparkles, at the pleading of the children, finally agrees, and uses the last of his power to restore everything to the way it was. The children, mourning the loss of their friend, soon discover that one thing was changed: Teddy Sparkles had made Missy known throughout the world as the nicest governess of all time. Horrified, Missy flees 1925, vowing never to return and swearing revenge on Teddy Sparkles with her final words.
The years pass, and once again, the three children grow up and start families, though they are able to choose their own paths this time around. Esme's granddaughter, Jane, visiting for Christmas, opens a parcel to find Teddy Sparkles inside. Delighted at the gift, she doesn't notice her grandmother shocked to see Teddy Sparkles, or Teddy Sparkles winking at Esme once more.
Teddy Sparkles
Miss Pratt
Dinnah
Peter's wife
Jack's wife
Sweeetshop owner
A snobby, cravat-wearing living teddy bear, Teddy Sparkles is very similar to Magrs' Panda character. Teddy mentions that he comes from a planet of beings like himself.
Dismemberment • Lords and Masters • Teddy Sparkles Must Die! • The Liar, the Glitch and the War Zone • Girl Power! • Alit in Underland
Retrieved from "https://tardis.fandom.com/wiki/Teddy_Sparkles_Must_Die!_(short_story)?oldid=2759821"
The Missy Chronicles short stories
Stories set in the 1920s


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A resort spa is a place you stay overnight to enjoy yourself. Unlike health spas and destination spas, it is much more flexible. You choose treatments you like with extra money, including golf, tennis, gyms and so on. In order to get more attention, some destination spas calling themselves "spa resorts" as it is a hot search item on the Internet.
The traditional resort spa offers a variety of spa treatments. And most importantly, they are independent of each other. They are not in a package like health spa. You can eat the food whatever you like. The newly opened resort spas are more lavish and larger.
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Resort spa should have a spa restaurant. As most of the people like to order the pricy food, the food there is usually expensive. People on vacation are usually generous towards themselves. Nowadays, a spa is a necessity for most spa hotels and resorts.


I've just returned to rainy Lancashire after a brilliant three days at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival with our amazing dance team. I've been privileged to be at the helm of DanceSyndrome, this incredible, inspirational and life-changing charity, since 2014 – it's been a roller-coaster journey of joy, challenge and rather a lot of dance (of course!).
I love to dance: it makes me feel alive, makes time stand still and makes me want to share the feeling with everyone. My younger brother Craig, who happens to have Down's Syndrome, is a serious ballroom dancer (not like his silly sister who lives to disco) and has had to put up with me dragging him onto dance floors his whole life.
I've sung in bands for over 30 years and I know about the art of performance. I've worked in business development roles and helped to set up a community interest company of which I'm still a volunteer director. To say that managing DanceSyndrome ticks all my boxes is a serious understatement – it's my dream job.
During the first 12 months in the role, I spent time learning about the work of the charity and getting to know Sue and Jen Blackwell, the mum and daughter team who founded DS in 2009. Their combined passion and energy was infectious.
They were looking for a way to take their work further and enable more people to benefit from their original mission and vision – to enable adults with learning disabilities to be leaders, to influence and educate society, and to demonstrate inclusion through powerful, professional inclusive dance. That mission has never changed.
We needed the right team to make it happen. Enter Sophie Tickle, Lead Artist, an incredible talent and experienced practitioner in the world of inclusive dance. Working alongside Dance Leader and Trustee Peter Pamphlett, our Dance Leader training programme was born – Dance By Example – and made available to adults with learning disabilities who wanted to learn how to lead, teach and design inclusive dance activity.
A team of Dance Leaders grew and before long weekly dance sessions sprang up in community venues across Lancashire and Greater Manchester, co-delivered by Dance Leaders and a growing team of freelance Dance Artists. Everyone was welcomed to join in, hence we named our project work Everybody Dance. And everybody did, from all backgrounds, with all levels of ability but with the commonality that they loved to dance.
Now we were starting to get busy! Sarah Calderbank joined us to take over our PR, marketing and social media. I applied everywhere for funding, had many rejections and learnt some tough lessons. But then we were incredibly fortunate to receive three years of funding from Spirit of 2012. What a springboard that turned out to be!
We were able to develop our work locally and engage more people by delivering outreach dance sessions in schools, hospitals, community centres, day centres, care homes, colleges, universities – the list went on.
We gained funding from Arts Council England to further develop our contemporary dance performance work, which we performed locally and then at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2017 to great acclaim. In 2017 we gained funding from Big Lottery Reaching Communities, to enable us to work with partners in other areas of the UK, testing a social replication model over a three-year period.
This was an exciting development: we were starting to get lots of interest in our work and requests to work with organisations across the UK. We needed to find a way to do this without losing focus on the people we were working with locally and now we had a funded project in place to enable this to happen.
Our Dance Leaders were growing in confidence and their individual skills, talents and assets were beginning to surface. They were invited to speak at conferences across the UK, Jen Blackwell won Inspirational Woman of the Year in the Enterprise Vision Awards 2015, Becky Rich won Volunteer of the Year in the Lancashire County Council Pride Awards 2016.
The Dance Leader Team won The Sporting Chance Awards 2016. DanceSyndrome won Charity of the Year in the Red Rose Awards 2017 and Charity of the Year in the E3 North West Business Awards 2018!
Our board of trustees has changed and grown too, with experts joining our team to help us achieve our mission and vision. More volunteers joined our ranks to help us fundraise. The future is looking good! I'm so very proud and privileged.
The Dance Leaders drive the work of the charity and I try my very best to keep up with them. They let me know in no uncertain terms if I'm lagging behind! And when my energy fails as it does sometimes after the endless admin, managing, planning and organising that goes with the territory, then this dancing family gets me back on my toes every time.
Click here to visit DanceSyndrome's website.


Join us in the Art Museum Auditorium as we present local filmmaker and YouTuber, Austin McConnell! Austin is a career YouTuber with over 700,000 subscribers to his channel. He will be sharing his experience, tips and tricks and what it took to become a successful YouTuber. This event is free, family friendly and open to the public!


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Join us Nov. 6 from 11 a.m. till 3 p.m. at Artscape Wychwood Barns for a day of free clothing repairs as part of Ecofair at the Barns.
We're excited to be mending, fixing and repairing clothing for free as part of this eco-friendly event. Extend the life of your wardrobe by bringing us your holey sweaters and coats with missing buttons. Friendly volunteers will be happy to mend them. Please bring no more than 3 items of clean clothing in need of repair.
Love sewing? Join us! We're always looking for crafty folks to sew on a button or two. Meet other sewers and help the community. Sign up with our event planning app or swing by our table at our next event.
This entry was posted in new events and tagged clothing repair, event, new, repairathon, wychwood on October 22, 2016 by Jenny Potter.


Official / bargain price reissue of the soundtrack to this early 70s film. Features Roberta Flack and Little Richard. Comes in original sleeve artwork.
First release from these emo / art rockers, since their "No Kill No Beep Beep" album in 2000. Two new tracks, produced by Ian Mackaye.
Kjoe Blues is a four track single with "Nederbeat" style songs all recorded in MONO by Q'65 in 1967. Q'65 was formed in The Hague in 1965 and is often considered one of the more prominent bands associated with the Nederbeat sound that took place in the 60s. To promote one of their singles the band travelled to London. Unfortunately they were denied a work permit and returned (according to their bio but highly-doubted) to The Netherlands in a rubber lifeboat, taking 12 hours to cross the Channel! This collectable four track 7" is newly remastered for MONO playback and is available for Record Store Day in a limited run of 750 copies on yellow vinyl.
Wild Oats is happy to present this debut release entitled "Pure Amethyst" from Caron Miller aka Q'uran D'Mar aka Q'D' who is another gifted young brother from Detroit. Our hope is this record adds some thoughtfulness, love and intentionality to your inner world at the beginning of this Lunar new year.
February's birthstone is the Amethyst so we found it very synchronistic that this debut is released in February.
Pure Amethyst Sonically personifies this internal shadow dance that one must participate in in order to get to a grounded and positively intentioned state of being. Questioning ones motives, accepting and releasing the blame of past traumatic experiences as the reasons for deficiencies inspires you to find a new way forward from where you are. Ultimately realizing it is you today who is going to inspire the goodness in your life. As the great Arthur Ashe states, "To achieve greatness, start where you are, use what you have, do what you can."
Indigenous Electronic is proud to present for its third release: "THIXOTROPY EP", produced and recorded by "Quan".
Starting out from more of a conventional musical platform; Quan in recent years turned his attention to live performance, and by 2018 had already played two Boiler Rooms in his native Vietnam. In addition to recording and performing live, Quan has begun a parallel journey in building his own eurorack modules some of which were used on this debut vinyl release of his. The EP which flies in the face of traditional loop structured song formats, present the hard to find confluence of musicality with technical knowledge.
With early support from XDB, and produced and recorded entirely out the box this is one not to be missed.
Few parents while away time at the school gates discussing analogue synthesizers, dusty drum machines, and obscure old records. Then again, few parents are quite as musically decorated as Mark Evetts and Stuart Hobbs.
Evetts, of course, has carved out a successful career as a globetrotting DJ / producer under the Mark E alias, delivering a string of killer albums and singles on such esteemed labels as Running Back, Spectral Sound, Golf Channel Recordings, ESP Institute and his own Merc imprint. As for Glasgow-raised Hobbs, he currently works as a producer out of his own SHONK studio in Oxford, having previously co-owned Crash Records in Glasgow, and appeared in all manner of weird and wonderful bands alongside former members of Teenage Fanclub, Superstar, Ride and Candyskins.
As the duo got to know each other – and their shared musical interests – while waiting to pick up their respective five year-old daughters from school, a plan began to form. They'd get together in the studio to have some fun, indulging in "an eclectic groove-driven forage into the wonky playing of first takes". They decided nothing was off limits except "the formula". Thus, Quarry Hollow was born.
The first results of their musical partnership are presented on this fine debut EP for Leng. It's a deliciously warm, fuzzy and off-kilter exploration that touches on numerous musical styles, whilst developing an endearing loose mix of krautrock guitars, heavy dub basslines, bongo-laden percussion and fluttering synthesizer lines.
"The Path Of Tranquility", the EP's triumphant title track, sounds like an unlikely jam session between Tangerine Dream, Terry Riley, Can and The Idjut Boys - all picturesque synthesizer lines, attractive cyclical melodies, fuzzy guitar textures and rolling, organic percussion. It's utterly sublime.
"Long Slide" takes a drowsy, high-grade fuelled trip into Balearic dub territory, with aquatic funk guitars drifting in and out of a mix that wisely emphasizes the duo's heavyweight bass, live percussion and ghostly synthesizers. "Masons Arms", on the other hand, tips a wink to low-slung post-punk rock, whilst at the same time maintaining one eye on the dancefloor via restless percussion, Doors-style organ riffs and hazy, psychedelic electronics.
Formula-free music from the margins: what's not to like?
The Sir Joe Quarterman And The Free Soul album was originally released on the GSF label in 1973. It is a funk / rare groove masterpiece, one of the best ever of its genre, containing many great tracks with social commentary lyrics, fat bass lines, soaring horns and relentlessly funky beats. Also included in this Connoisseurs edition are the three non-album tracks that Joe recorded for GSF at the time, including the much sampled "I'm Gonna Get You" and "Thanks Dad".
Initial quantities include a free CD bonus disc: 'Quasi covers EP'.
Now in their 20th year as a band, two-piece Quasi return with a veritable Quasi songbook featuring 24 shinning examples of shakin' blues, percussion freak-outs, chiming minor seventh chords and rock & roll.
US import reissue with original sleeve artwork.
This 1978 LP is the only recorded output of Quazar, the follow up project of Parliament members Glenn Goins and Jerome 'Big Foot' Brailey. Very much in the P-funk style of crazed vocals, bubbling bass and supa-funky breaks, the album is a must for Parliament-Funkadelic collectors (originals go fo a tidy sum). Sadly Goins died before the album was completed, leaving his brother Kevin to finish the job using the vocals Glenn had laid down.
LP Info: US import reissue with original sleeve artwork.
The latest installment of Roam Recordings comes from the Japanese disco scene via the production duo of internationally acclaimed DJ Que Sakamoto and seasoned studio engineer NT. The title track "Lalo" is an original production with a stylish edit of an obscure vocal. This slow paced groove has a lot to offer with its bells chiming, synths drifting, and peppered in vocal that brings it all together. The first remix comes from JP & Vulinej the partnership between JP Soul (boss of Roam Recordings) and Jeniluv (a prominent figure in the LA dance scene and partner in Roam Recordings). Having heard Que Sakamoto+NT's excellent single, Vulinej fell for the song and brought it to JP Soul at Roam Studios. Together they came up with a filthier heavy hitting acid bender. The second remix comes from Magic Touch who has made a name for himself for his critically acclaimed releases on 100% Silk and Tensnake's label True Romance as well as his performances at places such as Sonar, Unsound, and the legendary Panorama Bar. His remix of "Lalo" perfectly rounds out the EP in an entirely new direction with elements of atmospheric electro combined with a consistent heady dance beat.
Darryl says: 'Villains' finds the QOTSA boys in fine rockin' form. Heavy sonic riffage with an added groove appeal too, no doubt courtesy of Mark Ronson in the producer's chair.
Debut Album from New York's Scott Mou.
Scott Mou, known as one half of the duo Jane – the folk techno drone duo he had with Panda Bear – as well as part of Manhattan's famous record store Other Music, debuts with his solo project Queens.
Johan Jacobsen describes the wonderful music of Queens "in oxymorons; "colorful monochrome," "myopic depth," "sad joy," "driven slowness," "enlightened darkness," "universal intimacy ' , "ethereal earthboundness" ... As it should be. Queens is one of those wonderful artists who are hard to catch on the fly, who escapes easy definition. His music is an unexpected and unimagined universe ready to be explored, and it's a universe that is wonderful to be in."
(When Dial Records' David Lieske and Peter Kersten listened to a performance of their New York based friend in 2009, it was one of those unforgettable unique experiences you only have once in a long while these days. The idea of releasing an album was born. The production of "End Times" involved other labelmates such as Phillip Sollmann aka Efdemin (recording), Kassian Troyer (mixing) and Hendrik Weber, who once joined a life performance on stage with Scott Mou in 2012.
The Queers return to Lookout! 'Today' is produced by Ben Weasel (Screeching Weasel) and features 5 blasts of patent Queers punk rock and pop.
Finally, a proper legit "Best Of" covering their prime period!! 27 nuggets of rockin', soul-driven garage ravers! Includes two previously unreleased tracks from 1996. And yes, it does include the awesome "96 Tears" before you ask!!!
Quickbeam are an atmospheric/cinematic band based in Glasgow, Scotland. Originally formed in 2010 by Monika Gromek and Andrew Thomson, the band has since grown in numbers to a four piece. After releasing their first single 'Seven Hundred Birds' to widespread critical acclaim in April 2012, the band now look forward to further collaboration with Scottish label Comets and Cartwheels on the release of their Creative Scotland funded debut album in June 2013.
The resulting collection of songs reveals more of what Quickbeam have to offer in the studio, and saw them find a well-suited collaborator in Scottish producer Stuart MacLeod. Part sparse minimalism and part luscious extravagance, the record is a confident showcase of the members' growing maturity as songwriters. Consistently underpinned by orchestrally arranged strings, brass, and rich harmonium pitted against thunderously distorted guitar passages and pounding rhythms, the album's overall feel is one that calls to mind grand themes such as the passage of time. Throughout the record, female led vocals are complemented by warm harmonies and subtle atmospherics which lend the music a rather captivating and often melancholic beauty.
Patrick says: Quiet Dawn's latest offering gives us everything you'd want from a concept record about plant to human metamorphosis, namely heady soundscapes of wild percussion, kraut sequences and gorgeous jazz leads from the synth and sax sections. Deep head music for your next sofa-based space exploration.
Since Beach Slang came into being, bandleader James Alex has taken to performing his group's heartfelt anthems as more intimate solo renditions. Appropriately dubbed "Quiet Slang," these alternate reality versions of Beach Slang's music have now simultaneously been stripped down and fleshed out in the studio to include piano and cello. Following on from the recent We Were Babies & We Were Dirtbags EP, Quiet Slang now bring you a full album of such songs - 'Everything Matters But No One Is Listening' .
On Plaza, Quilt has pivoted their sound on a new foothold. The guitars shimmer, squawk, warble, swell, and tense up. The organs and synths flow in the background as mood-enhancers. The drums dig in a little deeper. We hear flutes and harps, a string quartet, grand pianos and Casios, feedback and distorted violas. Among all these sounds the group's shared and solo vocals showcase some of the strongest lyrics and hooks the band has made to date.
Plaza showcases a tighter, more concise version of Quilt, particularly as the members have learned to encourage each other's strengths and allow each other to confidently exist as distinct voices cooperating within a very intimate creative space; their songcraft has tightened up, their singing now crystal clear, vis á vis personal experiences of loss, frustration and isolation.
'Honky Tonk Medusa' is Donovan Quinn's first album that he's both recorded and produced since the Skygreen Leopards' adventurous 'Life & Love in Sparrow's Meadow'. Along with Quinn's work on vocals, guitar and synth, the album also employs San Francisco musician's Jason Quever (Papercuts), Michael Tapscott (Odawas), along with his regular rhythm section of Nick Marcantonio and Michael Carreira. Working in reverse order to many current acts, the sound of 'Honky Tonk Medusa' is molded to each individual song; letting the lyrics and spirit of the song dictate the instrumentation and style with the lyrical narrative tying it all together.
The story of the album is one of decaying American cities, Internet age entropy, and equal parts romance and loneliness. In addition to the music the album features artwork by San Francisco artist Joe Roberts and liner notes by Elisa Ambrogio (Magik Markers, 200 Years) & Ben Chasney (Six Organs of Admittance).
Following his 2014 'Acid Beth EP' on Young Turks, Josh Quirke drops a new 12" white label on his own Quirke label. The 12" comes with a bonus cassette. We've got THREE copies - fastest finger first, folks!
When Tom Laroye and Yam Who? debuted their impassioned disco cut "Hit It Off" last year it immediately captured the hearts of its listeners. Now, the release is given fresh life for 2019 with a new vinyl package featuring their Extended Disco Version, and two remixes from legendary Australian selector Late Nite Tuff Guy. Written by acclaimed soul artist Benny Latimore, and made famous my Millie Jackson in 1979, the track was initially translated for the dance music world by Tom Trago. Qwestlife's take on the record features the unmistakable voice of Teni Tinks, who brings true diva flair to the track. With joyful chorus and smooth production, the duo demonstrate their ability to craft modern disco with traditional analogue techniques in the Extended Disco Version. Late Nite Tuff Guy's Extended Mix follows, with the silky-smooth sound of a 1970's club classic. On the B-Side he returns with his Liberated Woman Remix, which takes the listener or a funked-up choppy journey.
Tom Laroye and Yam Who? return to Glitterbox as Qwestlife with another soulful cut, for their latest musical offering, 'Hit It Off'. Written by acclaimed soul artist Benny Latimore, and made famous by Millie Jackson in 1979, the track was translated for dance music world when sampled by Tom Trago. Fast forward to 2018 and their take on the 70's classic features the unmistakable voice of Teni Tinks, a session vocalist to the stars, who featured on Glitterbox releases like The Shapeshifter's 'When Love Breaks Down'. Tinks brings true diva flair to the track, and with the joyful chorus and smooth production, Qwestlife once again demonstrate their ability to craft modern disco with traditional analogue techniques, creating glorious dance-floor vibes and honouring a truly classic track. Available on 7" vinyl for music connoisseurs everywhere, a track like this is destined to be heard on wax, with a Disco Soul Instrumental version also available exclusively on the vinyl release.
Millie says: Disco anthem right here! This is a massive soulful-disco hit which Tinks has put her own stamp on, with an equally groovy instrumental side. Hit it offff!


Following the format and style of the Chicken Soup for the Soul books, the 101 stories featured are heart-warming and easy to read. The authors of the stories in this compilation share their own experiences with the familiar markers of teenage – love, friendship, heartbreak, rebellion and even addiction. Such a read may help teenagers in gaining the perspective that one's problems are not unique or insurmountable, however overwhelming they may seem at the moment.


"But Dr. Reed, what do you believe?" I inwardly grin with satisfaction that my presentation to my students on "how to think about evolution" evoked such a response.
"I challenge the students to think of all the processes of the universe, from gravity to microbial recycling of nutrients, that God has created to maintain the world and universe."
The students and I initially responded to this magnificent phenomenon with awe and wonder. This response then can lead us to acknowledge God's handiwork in the Creation and join the Old Testament prophets, psalmists, the Apostle Paul, and many Church fathers in praising and glorifying God as Creator and Sustainer of all life. I challenge students to see this viewpoint as the primary one overriding other questions about how this world and its creatures, including humans, came into existence. I do not want the evolution issue to impede their appreciation and study of God's biological creation.
After this prologue, I launch into discussing "thinking tools" to enable students to apply them to the scientific evidence and Scripture. Defining terms, especially evolution and creation, is critical to having a productive discussion and avoiding labelling and name-calling. I dissect the broader evolutionary model into microevolution, speciation, macroevolution, and origin of life, and show the different types of evidence (direct, indirect, and historical) for these levels of the evolutionary model. Since I am usually speaking to a biology class, I do not detail the basic concepts of biological evolution, as we have gone over these during previous classes. I do make a special effort to present speciation as a balance between maintaining the fidelity of a species via reproductive isolating mechanisms, often emphasized by creationists, and the adaptability of a species to changing environmental pressures, often emphasized by evolutionists. This range of genetic and phenotypic flexibility enables the species to persist through time.
Macroevolution is a special challenge, as this degree of change over immense periods of time is often difficult for students to grasp. I primarily review the various disciplines such as fossils, biogeography, developmental biology, molecular biology, etc. that provide evidence used to support macroevolution. I emphasize that direct testable evidence is not possible with these historical data, unlike with data derived from population-level studies. However, I do remind them that these disciplines can and do "test predictions of what future discoveries of data will show us about past events" (Diamond, 1997).
Of course, the major issue to many students is the origin of humans. Most of my students come to the university believing the first humans were directly created by God with no involvement of evolutionary processes. I present different Christian perspectives on the origin of humans and emphasize that each view asserts that humans are created in the image of God. At this time, or a bit earlier in my presentation, I review some basic principles of Scriptural interpretation, such as understanding the literary genre of each book within the Bible (one reads Psalms differently than Revelation) and examining the original intent and theme of the passage. I use a poignant quote by English clergyman Matthew Henry: "The Scriptures were written, not to make us astronomers, but to make us saints." I then challenge the students to elucidate God's main messages in the Genesis account of creation.
We all seek certainty in our beliefs, and yet our Christian faith contains much mystery and unknowns. Some evangelicals have difficulty with this concept, and yet we "only see through a glass darkly." This requires faith in our Lord and His workings in our individual lives and in this world, even in the face of uncertainty, confusion, pain, sorrow, and outright evil. As I near my concluding remarks, I pose the question "How do we know that God created the world and all its inhabitants?" I allow the students to respond, and some perceive my intention: by faith (Hebrews 11:3), and not by the weight of scientific evidence.
Hal Reed is a Professor of Biology at Oral Roberts University. He has taught a wide variety of biology and environmental courses during his 36-year tenure at ORU including Conservation Biology at the Au Sable Institute of Environmental Studies. Hal served as the department chair from 1996-2012, and is currently the pre-medical advisor. His research focuses on insect behavior, primarily among social wasps, and he has 49 peer-reviewed publications, including a book chapter on Ants, Bees and Wasps in the recent 3rd edition of a Medical and Veterinary Entomology textbook. He uses his book manuscript "How to Think about Evolution and Scripture" in his courses. Hal is blessed with a wonderful wife and four adult children, and he is quite proud of each of them.


Looking for short-term placement of a loved one? Our respite program is a convenient option for caregivers in need of a short break from their duties. Whether you need to recharge or go away for business, you can rest assured that your loved one will be well taken care of at Allaire.
Our respite residents enjoy our myriad amenities and services, as well as the same level of attentive care that we provide to our long term care residents.


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Home Edu Business News IEEE Announces Deepak Mathur as the Director of Asia Pacific Region for...
IEEE Announces Deepak Mathur as the Director of Asia Pacific Region for 2021-2022
Bengaluru: IEEE, the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for humanity, today announced Deepak Mathur as Director of the IEEE Asia-Pacific Region (R10) for the year 2021-2022.
IEEE, the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for humanity, today announced Deepak Mathur as Director of the IEEE Asia-Pacific Region (R10) for the year 2021-2022.
The IEEE Region 10 represents the largest and most diverse geographical area for IEEE containing 26 countries with 59 geographical sections consisting of 122,000 members. This is also the fastest-growing region in IEEE with 48,000 student members. Each year, IEEE conducts 750 technical conferences in the region. Authors from Region 10 annually publish over 115,000 technical papers in IEEE publications.
Deepak, a graduate of IIT Roorkee in India, has a long track record as an IEEE Volunteer, serving in various capacities over the last two decades. Mathur is a member of IEEE-HKN, the international honor society of the IEEE and served as IEEE India Council Chair in 2015-16. Mathur has received the prestigious IEEE Region 10 Outstanding Volunteer Award and the IEEE MGA Achievement Award.
"Technology will shape the future of this region and Asia-Pacific will be a leader in artificial intelligence, electric and autonomous vehicles, 5G, robotics, renewable energy, gaming and entertainment," said Deepak Mathur, IEEE Region 10 (Asia-Pacific) Director 2021-2022. "I see immense opportunity for IEEE to be part the rapid technological progress in the Asia-Pacific region. My focus during my tenure will be on young professionals and women in technology."
Furthermore, Deepak says, "The Asia-Pacific region is focused on development in education, technology and on economic progress. There is an opportunity for IEEE to be relevant in each and every country in this region and provide support for technical education, skills development, research and innovation. I am very passionate about the opportunities for IEEE humanitarian programs and look forward to deepening the partnerships between industry and academia through IEEE in the region."
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