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Home | Artists | Hijack | Paintings by Hijack
Paintings by Hijack
Hijack is a prodigy in his own right and one of the most talked-about, up and coming artists in today's contemporary art scene. Hijack's works are a revelation in street art – imaginative, brilliantly constructed and seen in cultural hot spots all over the globe, from Los Angeles to London. As he's evolved as an artist, Hijack has crafted a persona, inspired by the spirit of music and the poetry of everyday life.
Based in Los Angeles, Hijack started as an underground street artist, silently stenciling the streets at night. He targeted Los Angeles' most heavily trafficked areas – from the hikers in Runyon Canyon to the tourists of Melrose Avenue. Hijack's popular Cat series features iconic, elegant black cats stenciled throughout the streets of the city. These feline silhouettes are Hijack's signature mark, which he also uses to sign the backs of his art works. Whether his work was on display for an hour, or a month, Hijack creates moments of serenity and introspection for LA's fast-paced culture.
In April 2013, Hijack took the UK art scene by storm with his gallery debut at the prestigious Mead Carney fine art gallery on Dover Street in London. The show was so highly anticipated that it sold out and extended, due to high demand. Works including, "Never too Young to Dream Big" and "Perfection is False," struck a chord with the crowd. And that wasn't just happening inside the gallery. When Hijack hit the street, spraying a stencil of "Never too Young to Dream Big" in London, it caused a sensation, quickly catching the attention of UK news outlets. The Mead Carney exhibition garnered a slew of buzz and Hijack's landmark debut was featured in Art of England, Huffington Post UK, The Art Newspaper, & The Telegraph, to name a few.
In October of 2013, Hijack was invited,to produce an exhibit at the Dieresis Cultural Center in Guadalajara, Mexico. The exhibit was extended for months, attracting large crowds, drawing a mass of media attention, and delighting international art collectors and audiences.
2014 proved to be an incredible year for Hijack, propelling his meteoric rise within the art scene. In June 2014 Hijack mounted a solo show at Galerie Moretti & Moretti, one of Paris' most chic contemporary galleries, entitled "Life Through Street Art." In November 2014, Hijack had his Asian art show debut, with an exhibition at Japan's Gallery 21. The Gallery 21 show created an avalanche of press for Hijack, including a feature in Vogue Japan.
In early 2015, Hijack continued to take his art all over the globe with a show at the Artvera's Gallery in Gstaad, Switzerland at the Gstaad Palace Hotel. The white winter setting was the perfect place for Hijack's stark and colorful pieces, 30 of which were debuted at theshow. While his art was being exhibited in Switzerland, Hijack's works were also on display at the Wall Street Gallery in Beverly Hills for their group show, "Revolution." The Wall Street Gallery show contained several of Hijack's captivating works including, "You can mimic the result but not the creativity."
In March, Hijack was tapped to be the featured artist at the High Society event, which took place at the XS Nightclub in Las Vegas. He created a site-specific installation in his playful, yet contemplative style for this special event which fused the worlds of music and art. The event was an immense success, drawing such internationally-acclaimed musicians as Jermaine Dupri.
In April 2015, he was approached by Snakepit Alehouse, on Los Angeles' famed Melrose Avenue, to design their large exterior brick wall. His ultimate creation, "From the dirt a flower must grow," continues to be an important staple of Melrose's street art culture and was featured on the cover of LA Weekly's "Best of LA" issue in October 2015.
Culture site, L.A. Taco, listed Hijack as one of their Top Ten Street Artists for 2015, showcasing his piece on the Snakepit Alehouse. Hijack was also commissioned to create a wall installation at the Belmont Restaurant in Los Angeles and the interior murals for Petty Cash Taqueria in Mid-City. Starting November 2016, his works are on display in the Villa Club on Melrose.
Last year, Hijack collaborated with MSP Modern to create a limited series of skateboards for their contemporary art gallery. Other artists in this skateboard series include Jeff Koons, Damien Hirst, and John Baldessari.
2016 has only seen Hijack's star rise. Since June '16, Hijack has been exhibiting his work at Forre & Co Fine Art Galleries in Aspen and Vail, Colorado, with an additional show, scheduled to run December 2016 – February 2017. He also participated in ArtHamptons 2016, the premiere international, contemporary, and modern art event of the summer.This fall, Hijack exhibited his works in the group show, Street Art Paradise, at Gallery Geraldine Zberro in Paris.
Upcoming exhibitions include Art Miami in November 2016, Art Palm Beach in January 2017 and Art Wynwood in February 2017.
Lately Hijack has been entrenched in a new body of artwork, working with shattered glass to create stark, three-dimensional images. His talent is showcased in his detailed stencil work, controlled paint drips and urban compositions that are simple yet striking. His work on cement, glass and metal give a fresh and raw feel to his works, which live somewhere in the intersection between street art and fine art. For Hijack, art is a lifestyle, a passion. And his signature style, steeped in positivity, presents a refreshing future for the next generation of artists.
Toxic Love by Hijack
Static Love by Hijack
Static Attraction by Hijack
In-No-Sense by Hijack
Puzzled by Hijack
Graffiti by Hijack
Hijack A New Era
520 W 27th Street, Suite 303 New York, NY 10001
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A winter storm currently bringing heavy rain and snow to parts of northern California, Oregon and Idaho is going to further develop and move eastward in the second half of the week.
On Thursday and into Friday, the center of the low will begin to strengthen as it moves over the Rocky Mountains and into the Plains. The snow, however, will begin to as far ahead as the Midwest by late Thursday night.
Into the weekend, the winter storm will move into the Midwest before making its way into the Northeast.
The heaviest snow is most likely to fall along a boundary stretching from Wyoming to Wisconsin and eventually into most of the Northeast, especially where the Great Lakes are likely to enhance any snowfall.
Snowfall totals will range widely with some of the larger snowfall totals reaching between six and 10 inches, but areas near the Great Lakes could be looking at feet of snow.
Not everyone will be dealing with snow, however. A rain-snow mix and even freezing rain is possible where temperatures are closer to the freezing point. That's most likely to be where Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri and Illinois all come together — including bigger cities like Kansas City and Omaha.
The Southeast won't get any snow or ice, but some thunderstorms may pop up along the frontal boundary during the weekend and into early next week as the entire system continues eastward and into the Atlantic.
Whether it's rain, snow or ice, we can expect this system to cause some travel delays across two-thirds of the country from the Rockies to the East Coast — and all a week before Christmas .
This winter storm is also moving in at a time when most of the Plains, Midwest and Northeast are all experiencing colder than usual temperatures, and once this storm passes, it's going to usher in even colder air the week leading up to Christmas.


text:
A celebration of life
Life is brief
Death is forever
remember the moments
A lady from the city and her traveling companion were riding the train through Vermont
when she noticed some cows.
"What a cute bunch of cows!" she remarked.
"Not a bunch, herd", her friend replied.
"Heard of what?"
"Herd of cows."
"Of course I've heard of cows."
"No, a cow herd."
"What do I care what a cow heard. I have no secrets to keep from a cow!"
the Laundromat
Those Funny Animals
thanks toni
Rare Wombat
A guy goes into the confessional box.
He finds on one wall afully equipped bar with Guinness on tap.
On the other wall is a dazzling array of the finest Cuban cigars.
Then the priest comes in.
"Father, forgive me, for it's been a long time since I've been to confession,
but I must first say that the confessional box is much more inviting these days."
The priest replies,
"Get out! You're on my side!!!"
----
Gotta love this
The death of Steve
Only in Australia
picture taken in the Northern Territory last week
Acouple of days ago driving to work I heard this novelty song from 1962
you may recall it, if your as old as me
you might enjoy this as well
After having been served in a Las Vegas cocktail lounge,
a real southern gentleman beckoned the waitress back and said quietly,
"Miss, y'all sure are a luvly, luvly lady;
can ah persuade y'all to give me a piece of ass?"
"Lord, that's the most direct proposition I've ever had!" gasped the girl.
Then she looked around the room, smiled and added,
"Sure, why not? You're nice lookin' too and it's pretty slow here right now,
so why don't we just slip away up to my room?"
When the pair returned half an hour later,
the man sat down at the same table and the waitress asked,
"Will there be anything else, sir?"
"Why yes," replied the southern gentleman.
"Ah sure 'preciate what y'all just did for me; it was real sweet and right neighbourly,
but where ah come from in Albama, we lack our bourbon real cold,
so ah still need to trouble y'all for a piece uh ass for mah drink."
stolen from Miss Cellania
-----------------
16 girls and one bike
thanks Wayne W
thanks Diane McV and Gordon H
Seniors latest Motorhome
A farmer finally decided to buy a TV. The store assured him that
they would install the antenna and TV the next day.
The next evening the farmer turned on his new TV
and found only democrat political ads on every channel.
The next morning he turned the TV on and found only democrat political ads again.
When he came in to eat lunch he tried the TV again
but STILL only found democrat political ads.
The next day when he still found only democrat political ads he called the store to complain.
The owner said that it was impossible for every channel to only have democrat political ads,
but agreed to send their repairman to check the TV.
When the TV repairman turned on the TV he found that the farmer was right!
After looking at the TV for a while, he went outside to check the antenna.
In a few minutes he returned and told the farmer he had found the problem.
The antenna had been installed on top of the windmill
and the ground rod was in the manure pile.
Jest for Laughs
Walmartian Mother Ship
thanks Geoff C
Noah was told that of all the animals on the ark,
only the adders refused to obey God's command and go forth and multiply.
"Well," said Noah. "I'll have to ask the Lord what to do about that."
And so he prayed to God and said,
"These snakes won't go forth and multiply"
And God said, "Don't worry.
Find some the trees and saw them into logs and create a platform sitting upon four legs.
Then put the snakes on the platform."
"But how will that help the snakes?" asked Noah.
"Easy," replied God,
"Everyone knows even adders can multiply using a log table!"
A Golfer's Diet: Live on greens as much as possible.
Stars clean themselves with meteor showers.
If space is a vacuum, who changes the bags?
The cost of feathers has risen. Now even down is up.
Underpaid weather forecasters predicted a storm of protest.
The young pine sapling was admonished by his father. Apparently he'd been knotty.
Enjoy these words that make Lexiphiles so happy
Lexiphiles are lovers of words.
They love puns like these..
.you can tune a piano, but you can't tuna fish...
I wondered why the baseball was getting bigger. Then it hit me.
To write with a broken pencil is pointless.
When fish are in schools, they sometimes take debate.
A thief who stole a calendar got twelve months.
When the smog lifts in Los Angeles, U.C.L.A.
The professor discovered that her theory of earthquakes was on shaky ground.
The batteries were given out free of charge.
A dentist and a manicurist married. They fought tooth and nail.
A will is a dead giveaway.
If you don't pay your exorcist you can get repossessed.
With her marriage, she got a new name and a dress.
Show me a piano falling down a mineshaft and I'll show you A-flat miner.
You are stuck with your debt if you can't budge it.
Local Area Network in Australia: The LAN down under.
A boiled egg, is hard to beat.
When you've seen one shopping center you've seen a mall.
Police were called to a day care where a three-year-old was resisting a rest.
Did you hear about the fellow whose whole left side was cut off? He's all right now.
If you take your laptop computer for a run you could jog your memory.
A bicycle can't stand alone; it is two tired.
In a democracy it's your vote that counts; in feudalism, it's your Count that votes.
When a clock is hungry it goes back four seconds
The guy who fell onto an upholstery machine was fully recovered.
He had a photographic memory which was never developed.
Those who get too big for their britches will be exposed in the end.
When she saw her first strands of gray hair, she thought she'd dye.
Acupuncture: a jab well done.
It will work in 2012 as well [112]
Car Crash Test
thanks Liz Z
Sewage------
A C-141 cargo plane was preparing for departure from Thule Air Base in Greenland,
and they were waiting for the truck to arrive to pump out the aircraft's sewage holding tank.
The aircraft commander was in a hurry, the truck was late in arriving,
and the airman performing the job was extremely slow in getting the tank pumped out.
When the commander berated the airman for his slowness and promised punishment,
the airman responded,
"Sir, I have no stripes, it is 20 below zero, I'm stationed in Thule,
and I'm pumping sewage out of airplanes.
Just what are you going to do to punish me?"
Only in Wisconsin
Beautiful young woman
Berkowitz is having a drink at his hotel when he spots a beautiful young woman
at the other end of the bar.
"Bartender," he says, "give that lady whatever she likes,
and put it on my tab."
When the drink is delivered, the woman gives Berkowitz a warm smile.
A moment later he's at her side.
"That was very kind of you," she says.
"Won't you sit down?"
After a few minutes of small talk, she says,
"Let me be honest with you. You're a very nice man,
but I don't think you realize that I'm a professional.
I'd be delighted to go upstairs with you for a hundred dollars.
Now, if that's not what you had in mind, I certainly understand,
and I'll say good-bye now, no hard feelings."
"I'm surprised," says Berkowitz.
"But you're a beautiful lady, and I like you, too.
I've never done something like this before, but sure, let's go upstairs."
When they get to Berkowitz's room, he says,
"I was wondering.
There's something about you that makes me think you might be Jewish."
"Well, I am," she replies a little defensively. "Why do you ask?"
"Well, I'm Jewish, too," says Berkowitz
. "And since we're both Jewish, I was hoping you would give me a discount."
"Dammit," she replies,
"I was afraid this would happen.
Okay, twenty percent off.
But I want you to know, at these prices I'm not making any profit!"
PHILS PHILOSOPHY
All posts, jokes, stories, cartoons, photos and videos
on this site are understood to be in the public domain.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Brown Pundits
a discussion of things brown….
Posted on January 13, 2020 by Razib Khan - 77 Comments on An early modern Pax Islamica
An early modern Pax Islamica
The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughal has been in my "stack" for a while. It's a short and academically-oriented work. What's great about this book is that it is cross-cultural and comparative. I don't know about you, but these sorts of narrative frames make recall and retention far easier for me. The integration of facts with other facts means that the sum of the parts is greater than the parts evaluated alone. In this, it has similarities with Strange Parallels: Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830.
The title itself is informative. These were Islamic polities in a self-conscious manner. The Ottoman Sultan emerged out of a parvenue lineage on the western Anatolian frontier whose claim to rule was based on their status as ghazis. Warriors of the faith. Their Mandate was confirmed through victory. The Safavids had religious charisma before they were temporally powerful. They were hereditary leaders of a Sufi order (their adoption of Shia Islam was a relatively late event). Finally, the Mughals were arguably the least religiously inflected of the three early modern dynasties, despite their appeal to the ghazi ethos.
Rather, the Mughals were notable because of their lineage, which was the most prestigious of the three. The Timurids descended from Timur, obviously, but more importantly, they descended on their maternal side from Genghis Khan. Though Genghis Khan was a pagan, whose scions destroyed much of the Islamic civilization of the Near East (and killed the last Abbassid Caliphs), the raw power and impact of the conqueror was such that he cast a shadow over the whole Turco-Persian world.
The key issue here is that these were dynasties of the Turco-Persian world, more or less. These were not states of the Islamic Arab world, though the Ottomans eventually absorbed much of that world in their later expansionary phase. Nor were they states of the Far East, or even Inner Asia. Despite all their other antecedents,* these dynasties were of Turkic provenance, and yet their entry into Islam was associated with their entry into Persianate culture.
The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughal takes a chronological tack in that it explores the origins of the three polities as far back as 1000 A.D., and also addresses thematic elements (e.g., architecture, poetry, and economics). Because of the thematic component it is not a work that needs to be read in sequence chapter by chapter, though perhaps doing so would allow for full appreciation.
One thing that jumps out is that in many ways the Safavid Iranian regime is an outlier in many ways. This is obviously true in regards to religion. The Safavids began as a vaguely Sunni but very Sufi religious order in eastern Anatolia. But by 1500 they were promoting arguably ghulat forms of Shia Islam, before settling down on mainstream Ithna Ashari beliefs. It is to this period that connections between Iran, a term that they resurrected, and the Shia cities of Iraq and the Shia regions of Lebanon, were established. It is during this period that Iran was forcibly converted from a mostly Sunni cultural region with Shia pockets to a Shia domain.
The Safavid domains corresponded roughly to what we now know as the Iranian nation-state (Mesopotamia was part of the Safavid domains for a few decades here and there). Despite early attempts at expansion into their Anatolian homelands, rebuffed by the muscular Ottoman military machine, the Safavids were preoccupied with internal concerns. The religious transformation of a whole region through coercion expended a great deal of capital. The early Ottoman state before 1500, and the Mughal domains for its entirety, was different from the Safavids insofar as the ruling military elite were of a different religious identity from the majority whom they ruled (Christians and Hindus respectively).
In contrast, the Ottomans did not attempt to forcibly reshape the culture of their vast domains. The millet system established subordinate roles for non-Muslims, while Ottoman hegemony over their 16th-century conquests in Arab lands did not disrupt native elites (the Mameluke Sultanate was conquered, but the Mamelukes remained Egypt's ruling caste for centuries under the Ottomans). Within Anatolia and parts of Rumelia a process of assimilation of Greeks, Macedonians, and Armenians, to a "Turkish" identity occurred organically through conversion to Islam. Over the centuries the cosmopolitan tastes of the early Sultans, who spoke Persian at court and styled themselves, successors of the Roman Emperors, gave way to a classical Ottoman identity as leaders of the Muslim world who nevertheless had their own linguistic identity.
The Mughals, though just to the east of Safavid Iran, were a polity characterized by extremely different concerns and resources. Mughal controlled India was the second most populous polity in the world after Ming China. It dwarfed Safavid Persia, even the Ottoman Empire. The Timurids conquered a civilization, or perhaps more accurately a coalition of civilizations. Unlike the Ottomans and to a lesser extent Safavids the Mughals did not create "slave" armies and "slave" bureaucracies. The native resources of India's people were such that this was not necessary (the argument in regards to labor also is often used to explain why slavery was never popular in China). Hindu Rajputs served in the Mughals in military roles, while groups such as Kayasthas served them in civilian roles.
But the Mughal story is not simply one of "going native." The Ottomans and Safavids relied on "slave" armies due to the fact that these were often more loyal to the regime than regional or tribal levies. The Mughals opened up India to vast numbers of Turkic warriors and Persian literati. These two groups were regime loyalists because like slaves they lacked local roots.
As Persia become more Shia, many of these foreigners who arrived in India were Shia, but there were also broader connections to the Hanafi Sunni world, as far afield as the Ottoman domains. For example, the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb patronized the compilation of a series of religious codes, which apparently became quite well known and popular in Ottoman Anatolia.
It is often said that Indian Islam became rooted in the soil of the subcontinent and took upon syncretistic aspects. This is true as far as it goes, but it seems clear to me that the integration of the Mughal ruling class into Turco-Persian culture served as a major check upon this process. The Mughal Emperor Akbar clearly exhibited a tendency toward synthesis and innovation in his religious thought, but his views did not win the day. Rather, it is notable that The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughal reinforces the contention that each successive Mughal Emperor from Akbar, to Jahangir, to Shah Jahan, and finally Aurangzeb, adhered more closely to West Asian normative Islam.
A distinctive aspect of the Mughal polity is that it assimilated and promoted individuals who were ethnocultural distinct from the core ruling elite. In fact, arguably very disparate groups were all bound together as part of the core ruling elite. In particular, the Rajput generals who served the Mughals. This is in contrast with the Ottoman and Safavid cases, where conversion of the slave to Islam entailed eventual ethnic assimilation. The problem with Aurangzeb, despite his military victories, is that he began aggressively espousing a more West Asian style of ideological assimilating, coaxing and coercing Hindu military elites into Islam. The Mughal equipoise was broken, and while Safavid Iran gave way to polities which inherited all its major features (the Zand and Qajar regimes), and the Ottomans persisted in their long decline, Mughal India quickly shattered in the 18th-century, to leave behind a broad cultural influence.
More generally The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughal illustrates that a ruling elites with a similar ethos can span multiple polities. Despite the religious distinctiveness of the Safavids, which became more clear over time, the three early modern Muslim polities fostered trade and intellectual exchange. Large colonies of Indian merchants were resident in Isfahan (from which they eventually sojourned to Astrakhan and eventually Moscow).
As noted in The Idea of the Muslim World Indian Muslims after the fall of the Mughal Empire had a major influence on Islam in what became Turkey. In Bernard Lewis' oeuvre there is discussion about the West's rise and its supremacy over the world of Islam, and the psychological shock that that entailed. But what about the Maratha captivity of the Mughals and how they shaped the confusion of Indian Muslims?
The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughal illustrates that cross-cultural and cross-national civilizational affinities and ties are quite common. Today many view the West as sui generis. In some ways that are true, in magnitude, and scope. But around the year 1500, a group of Turkic tribesmen had conquered remnants of Byzantium, the Persian Empire, and India. In the ensuing centuries, they transformed these regions, and were themselves transformed. Today to be Persian and to be Shia are almost synonymous (Tajiks tend to be Sunni of course). But this was the consequence of Turkic tribesman. Today Anatolia is mostly Turkish speaking, but that is due to centuries of cultural assimilation. Finally, many elements of Indian culture are hard to imagine without the Mughal period.
* The Safavids had Greek and Kurdish origins as well, though in their early period the Turkic ethnic component was most important. Similarly, the Timurids had recent Mongol ancestry, but their primary identity was with the Turco-Persian world. Finally, the early period of the Ottomans is obscure, but it is hard to imagine that these Anatolian Turks did not absorb some of the "substrate" elements. Mehmet the Conqueror had a Christian, possibly European, mother.
CategoriesHistory Tagshistory
77 Replies to "An early modern Pax Islamica"
Milan Todorovic says:
/Within Anatolia and parts of Rumelia a process of assimilation of Greeks, Macedonians, and Armenians, to a "Turkish" identity occurred organically through conversion to Islam./
>>> Macedonians? – Are you joking? They did not exist at that time, they are communist-made artificial nation, created in 1945.
/Mehmet the Conqueror had a Christian, possibly European, mother./ >>> She was Serbian.
Andraos Al-Sulh says:
I believe you have mistaken the modern for the ancient.
No, I am not. Ancient Macedonians were Serbs (e.g. Alexander the Great aka Lesandar Karanovic was a Serb). Also, the 15th century is not the ancient period.
Razib Khan says:
you made your point milan. can we not throw this post off-topic in the comments just yet? thanks
Walter Sobchak says:
So was Abraham Lincoln.
Nice post Razib.
It is interesting that the decline in Mughal and Safavid domains happened around the same time. The Ottomans continued to soldier on for century more.
You write – "The problem with Aurangzeb, despite his military victories, is that he began aggressively espousing a more West Asian style of ideological assimilating, coaxing and coercing Hindu military elites into Islam. The Mughal equipoise was broken…". What is interesting is that regardless of who controlled major chunks of the dissipating Mughal Empire, they maintained the figment of Mughal supremacy. Marathas did not put one of their own on the Mughal throne. They propped up Mughal princes. Bengal and Hyderabad, though independent for all practical purposes, maintained nominal fealty to Mughals.
The Ottoman Empire was finally bested by European powers. [I know that the Ottomans were also partially European!] OTOH, the Safavid and Mughal demise was due primarily local actors and factors. What is interesting is that the same person who deals the death blow to the Safavids – Nadir Shah, almost did the same for the Mughals by sacking Delhi and emptying out the Mughal treasury.
The English did bring down the curtain on the Mughal dynasty, but the Mughal rulers were not calling the shots for almost a century before this happened.
I have to get my hands on this book.
Scorpion Eater says:
for all practical purposes mughal empire had ceased to exist in 1739 when nadir shah captured delhi and had the khutba read in his name. the reason mughal empire dragged on till 1857, at least in name, was because the empire was worth more alive than dead. the institution of empire radiated tremendous prestige.
indeed in the late 1700s mughal empire had more "protectors" than the emperor wished for. british, afghans, marathas, rohillas, awadh nawab etc all acted in the name of emperor and carried on their private warfare among themselves. for e.g. a hindu maratha mahadji scindhia plundered hindu rajput kingdoms of rajasthan in the name of collecting tribute for the mughal emperor. even abdali's invasion of india was officially projected as a mission to save the mughal empire from infidel marathas.
@J T – The Ottomans were only artificially propped up by Britain and Russia for another century, otherwise they would have been destroyed in 1830s! Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty already took over all of Syria and Palestine, got as far as western Turkey, and was on the verge of conquering Constantinople. Only because Ottomans sought Russian protection was the reason western powers suddenly got involved to save the Ottomans, in order for Anatolia and the Mediterranean not to be in Russian hands. The only reason Constantinople wasn't taken was because the Russian army protected the city from the invading Egyptian forces. British involvement later meant Egypt had to give Syria back to Ottomans.
In a way, it was a pity because the Muhammad Ali dynasty was far more enlightened than the Ottomans, and treated religious minorities better. Crimes like the Armenian Genocide would not have happened – the Middle East suffered greatly by having their most literate and industrious ethnic group wiped out.
VijayVan says:
The 3 Muslim dynasties were part of the Persianate world. Persian language, culture and ethos overtook Arabic from the 16th century.
And this precisely is at the root of the Iranian "problem" in the present day. Unlike Roman and Greek civilizational dominance that dates back millenia, Iran has thrown up multiple dynasties that have dominated the Middle-East and Central Asia till a couple of centuries back. Persian cultural influence has been immensely powerful. The flowering of Islamic civilization happened in concert with the conversion of Iran to the Islamic faith. As Iran converted to Islam, the Persianate world in turn transformed Islam.
Iran's self-perception is out of proportion to its power "potential" in its current incarnation. Iran can be a global power only as (A) leader of the Islamic world, (B) a junior partner of China+Russia or (C) god forbid a junior partner of the USA!
Iranian memories of playing an outsize role in terms of influencing a broad swath of the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia are very fresh. It is very difficult for Iran to settle for regional power status, despite all the oil that it may currently have underground. Oil that cannot be exported because of USA's intransigence.
I would not be surprised to see a pragmatic move on the part of the Islamic clerics in Iran to pare back their foreign adventurism in return for some sort of a truce with the US that allows them to resume some of the oil exports. Without revenue from oil, it is a matter of time before the Iranian clerics are at the receiving end of a revolution. I believe that the removal of Suleimani and the downing of the Ukrainian airliner are portents of major change in Iran.
Saurav says:
I think Iran strength lies in the shadows. Unfortunately for them, the US attack forced them to do something in daylight, where they seem to come across even worse than Indians.
I still think Iran out sized expectation is due to this dichotomy of having to contend with regional powers (Arabs) who arguably are weaker than them, but are supported by a world power(USA) . That's why they get their calculation wrong, sometimes. USA retreating and entrenching itself in middle east has them confused.
well russia today shows how a second-rate power can leverage its cunning and skills to bridge the chasm in power. "it's game theory" as they say.
Russia (with some support of China) still has requisite military strength to rebuff USA. Iran doesn't have any conventional strength whatsoever. Nor diplomatic support. So when push comes to shove it will flounder like this time around.
I agree , at the end of day, deterrence lies in perception of each other. With USA breaking this larger than life of image of Iran's capabilities, it wouldn't be surprise that the Arabs start playing some military games of their own now (and floundering in that too) .
Saurav – "USA retreating and entrenching itself in middle east has them confused."
LoL. It has confused americans, russians, arabs and iranians alike. only trump seems to know what exactly america's policy for middle east is *.
* at least that's what everybody hopes.
Fraxinicus says:
The Islamic Republic would be in a very good position, if the institution was deeply popular. They've been very smart with managing they sphere of influence, and they don't need all that many resources to keep doing it.
Missiles and drones along the Persian Gulf give them their own equivalent of the Samson Option – if you threaten our survival, we can cripple the global economy, and also essentially kill every hostile Gulf Arab state (what happens when all your desalination plants, on the coast, get blown up?). They don't even need nukes.
And with the merest fraction of resources expended by the US, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, they've helped every sympathetic Shia group in the Middle East prop themselves up, and have even established their own mini-Samson deterrent over Israel in the form of Hezbollah's missile inventory.
The only major problem for Iran is that the regime isn't very popular. I don't give a democratic revolution much chance of success, but the regime still has to take popular unrest into account. The price of Iran's regional success is an international economic siege led by the United States, and it's hard to withstand a siege if the people under siege aren't behind the war effort 100%.
Iran has really declined in the past 250 years. For some context: the population of the Safavid Empire at its end was less than 9 million people. Ottoman lands had 30 million, and Mughal lands had 150 million. Iran really punched above its weight geopolitically and culturally in those days.
Iranian memories of the country being powerful are not that fresh. Most Iranians know Iran was nothing for the past 200 years, but it's interesting how relatively weak Iran has been for past 50 years when you compare it to Safavid and Nader Shah's time. Maybe Iran is relatively weak compared to its past due to the massive brain drain of Iranian elites to India in the past few centuries? Who knows..
Prats says:
"Maybe Iran is relatively weak compared to its past due to the massive brain drain of Iranian elites to India in the past few centuries?"
Did the Zoroastrians and the Shia who moved to India constitute that large a proportion of Iran's elite?
I was not referring to the Zoroastrians, but there was large-scale emigration of Sunni and Shia Iranian elites into India, as well as Armenians. The Armenian trade network based in New Julfa, Isfahan mostly left the country, and a large number ended up in India (e.g. Apcar and Company, an old Armenian shipping company). Iran's economy suffered greatly when its Armenian merchant elite left the country.
But yes, Iranian Sunnis and Shias that moved to India were a large percentage of Iran's elite. Iranicaonline.org has a good brief on that migration, saying there were very few peasants/nomads among them, and they were instead mostly people from upper echelons of society – so many gained good employment in lands ruled by the Mughals, Adil Shahis, Hyderabad, etc.
AnAn says:
Cyrus is right. Today most of the wealth of Iran is domiciled inside India.
@Cyrus
That's pretty fascinating. I shall read more on Iranian history of that period. Is there any source you would recommend apart from Iranicaonline?
@Prats – A book you'll maybe like is "Mughal Arcadia: Persian Literature in an Indian Court" by Sunil Sharma. I have not read this, but I plan to, and I know it does address the subject of Iranian Muslim emigration to India a lot. From a snippet I read it does seem to suggest that the scale of elite Iranian emigration to India was so vast that Iran's government was left with inexperienced officials. That could partially explain why Iran for the past 200 years has been so weak compared to its past.
There's also "From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa" by Sebouh Aslanian. It doesn't really address Iranian Muslim immigration to India, but it does describe the decline of the Safavids and the conditions that led to Armenians in Iran transplanting themselves to India. It talks of Nader Shah and how severely he messed Iran up, his invasions of India, etc.
Cyrus, would you be open to contributing posts on brown pundits?
You are remarkably well informed.
after 1800 whole nations mobilized for war. prussia started it, but french revolutionary mobilization was way more extreme than prussia. i that situation small population states couldn't compete.
before this period only a small % of people were used for war, and if you had pastoral nomads it was better since they were mobile and battle-ready. people/places like persia, mongolia and hungary were superpowers despite low manpower. no longer today
A different data point is Aurangzeb's full scale invasion of the Deccan to conquer the Shia kingdoms and also to subjugate the Marathas.
My understanding is that the resistance that Aurangzeb faced in Maratha lands was closer to a "people's war". Granted that the Marathas were not a single nation state as we understand it today. Maratha identity was partially forged by Aurangzeb!
The Maratha lands paid a huge price since these areas were devastated in terms of agriculture and economic activity. However, eventually it was Aurangzeb and the Mughals who paid the price in terms of setting the stage for the the dissolution of empire.
no. the beginning of the transition started with the ummayad-abbassid transition in 750, and really cranked up in much of the north and east of the islamic world after 900 AD. mahmud of ghanzi, a turk, patronized the shahnameh, around 1000 AD.
the majority of the intellectuals of the arab intellectual golden age btwn 750 and 950 were ethnic iranians who wrote in arabic.
DaThang says:
Language- sure, but cultural and politically, the Arabs were already on the sidelines by the 10th and the 11th centuries.
"One thing that jumps out is that in many ways the Safavid Iranian regime is an outlier in many ways. This is obviously true in regards to religion. The Safavids began as a vaguely Sunni but very Sufi religious order in eastern Anatolia. "
I think the Safavids are somewhat analogous to Marathas. First subservient to a local foreign rulers (Shirvan-shah, Qutob-shahis) and then rose due to numerical strength of clan following (Qizilbash,Marathas) ,resisting a much bigger enemy . To me the reason the Marathas could do what they could (resist during bad times, flourish during good times) , and let say the rajputs couldn't is because of their overall numerical strength. We see that to some extent with sikhs and jats as well.
i think JT's point is valid. iran's self-image is bigger than it's abilities.
also, iran IS very powerful in a *regional* context. but it's in a region which is also going to be of interest to outsiders.
What is interesting is that regardless of who controlled major chunks of the dissipating Mughal Empire, they maintained the figment of Mughal supremacy. Marathas did not put one of their own on the Mughal throne. They propped up Mughal princes. Bengal and Hyderabad, though independent for all practical purposes, maintained nominal fealty to Mughals.
cultural ascendency can outlast temporal power for centuries until a new claimant to ascendency emerges and lasts. the zho dynasty had official imperial status for 5 centuries after its real power was gone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty#Eastern_Zhou
it was only deposed when a new paramount dynasty arose (chin).
the merovingians were around for 100 years as powerless puppets before being put aside https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty#Weakening_of_the_kingdom
Mughal's were Persian-ized turco-mongols. Heck most of the Delhi sultanate were also persian-ized turks. This is because Central Asia was Persian in culture when the turks invaded those lands and then adopted local customs. Mughal's and Ottoman's were not actually Persian as we would understand the term today. And they certainly weren't from the modern region of Iran.
But I can see how Iran can get a big head about all this. This entire incident (with the US and the mistake with the jet) must have brought them all down a major peg.
Indeed from an islamic perspective overall I imagine the psychological impact from the rise of Europe and the colonial powers must be even more pronounced than say the Hindu experience.
I'm reading William Dalrymple's new book on the East India Company – apparently India was 30% of global GDP when the company starting trading with India. So that plus the Safavids and the Ottomans means that the broader Islamic world was likely responsible for up to 50% of global GDP.
How times change… dramatically. I wonder if in 50 – 100 years we'll be looking at a China dominated world and wondering whatever happened to the West.
Britain certainly seems headed back to random North Atlantic island status… shades of Mongolia.
Hmmm….As a simple back of the envelope test –
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1700 – Mughal's in 1700 about 23% of world population, Ottoman 3.6%, Safavid 0.7%. About 27% of world population together.
In 1600 –
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1600 – Mughal 19.9%, Ottoman 4.5%, Safavid 0.6%. About 25%.
If per capita GDP beats the world average by significant multiples, they could be above that in %world GDP terms, but it seems more like they'd hit about the average per capita GDP? Assume they're mostly superseded by Western Europe (as is reasonably likely https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_by_past_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita) but not by vast amounts (little divergence, not yet great divergence), and you probably get to about 20% of world GDP as a reasonable estimate. Though much less of that will actually be activity generated by Muslims per se, given the large Mughal share.
(Remaining unaccounted for share in the above links is mainly SE Asia, African, Native American – mostly that's unlikely to be Muslim, though it is of probably low per capita GDP, so that might push the above up a bit).
INDTHINGS says:
"Iran was forcibly converted from a mostly Sunni cultural region with Shia pockets to a Shia domain."
This is a huge deal in modern Sunni circles (which are often anti-Iran circlejerks), especially for Desis. Its lost on them that the same was done by the Sunni Ghaznavids and Ghurids to the then largely Shia Multan.
Its lost on them that the same was done by the Sunni Ghaznavids and Ghurids to the then largely Shia Multan.
the mughals did this too to lots of ismailis. in particular, in gujarat.
most day-to-day religious policing under indo-islamic regimes had to do with boundary violations (heresy and ghulat sects).
i think there are better examples. wasn't egypt shia (fatimid) once, and converted en-masse to sunni?
Dravidarya says:
Some of my Iranian colleagues tell me that they are taught to be proud of Iranian culture as it spread without bounds. It might be true but what they don't realize is that it's the turko Mongols who were the carriers. Not only that chauvinism but also their inability to estimate their strengths in today's world may break them for good. Am not sure if iranians can beat even Pakistan or india in a conventional war.
sort of true but not true also. the *mongol* part only makes sense after 1250 or so. so not really delhi sultanate, though mongol invasions pushed more turks/iranians to india. it is true that turks of some sort were the causal vector (with a few afghan exceptions) of the spread of iranian language and high culture outside of iran/turan proper (west into anatolia and east india), BUT, iranian high culture was already very influential among the 'arabs' well before the rise of turks. at least after 750 and the abbassids, when a stylized fact is that iranian culture and forms 'captured' the world of islam.
(agree iranians should chill with the self-pride, but these are persians you are talking about)
The military prowess of Asia outside of Turkey, Israel, Pak, India, China, and South Korea is pretty lousy. Iran makes a lot of noise but would get rolled by any of the above countries, much less the US. But then its strength has always been its proxies.
Side note, Iranians are the most insufferable people I've ever met when it comes ethnocentrism and national pride. By a lot.
anyone able to offer counter-examples? can't think of one and i just tried. i mean, jews and greeks and chinese have them but it's more moderate in relation to impact if that makes sense.
Janamejaya says:
Jatt Sikhs in India would give them a run for their money anyday in being ethnocentric and bragging about themselves.
Jatt Sikhs can at least be cowed when faced with someone more "Jatt" than them (lighter-skinned, bigger, cooler, etc.).
You could be wealthy, white-passing, huge, famous, etc. Iranians don't give a shit, they"ll still consider you some poor pathetic peon condemned to live a miserable life not being Iranian. Its infuriating.
@Razib,
I think this perception is due to their characteristics on orthogonal axes of arrogance and smarts.
They have comparable smarts to Jews and Chinese and comparable arrogance to Middle Easterners. So, it is more possible as individuals to come across as primarily arrogant.
We have Taleb to show how that pans out.
Koreans. The bug isn't as common among them as Greeks or Chinese, but it can get pretty intense.
Personally, I've seen a huge gender disparity in autoiranophilia. Iranian women in my experience just seem to have an intense but healthy respect for their culture, whereas men feel a need to throw in a reference to how great Iran is in every conversation. Of course men are more prone to nationalist chest thumping in every culture, but there seems to be a more substantive difference among Iranians. Has anyone else noticed this?
Have you come across Turks? Iranians are pretty moderate compared to Turks, and with Turks their nationalism often verges on being like Neo-Nazism too. The cult of personality surrounding Ataturk is also extremely weird. I don't believe there's a nation more proud and nationalistic than Turkey.
Honestly, I'm half Iranian and yes many have a lot of pride, but some people overstate it. I notice less of the cultural arrogance now than in the past though.
"Not only that chauvinism but also their inability to estimate their strengths in today's world may break them for good. Am not sure if iranians can beat even Pakistan or india in a conventional war."
LOL. very accurate. their recent mini war with america was farcical to the extreme. firing missiles at american bases, but making sure that advance notice is given via iraqi messengers. making sure no american gets hurt (or else there will be hell to pay). and all the while acting so jumpy that only thing they shoot down is a passenger jet.
Mayuresh Kelkar says:
Mohan wrote:
"This is because Central Asia was Persian in culture when the turks invaded those lands and then adopted local customs. "
The history Iran over the last 1200 years is the same old pathetic sob story repeated over and over gain. They came, they wiped us out, but we are great because they adopted our ways of life. Whatever THAT means.
Could we not say the same about India 🙂
this is not true in detail. there was literally about a 100 year 'intermezzo' when iranians-ruled-iranians. (samanids, buyids, etc) the rest of it was arab and turrk and mongol.
the pahlavi dynasty was the first iranian dynasty to rule iran in 1,000 years.
Don't forget the Zands!
"Within Anatolia and parts of Rumelia a process of assimilation of Greeks, Macedonians, and Armenians"
Macedonian was not a separate ethnic identity at that time. Neither was it in Antiquity except in the eyes of certain Athenian bellicose rhetoricians like Demosthenes. Macedonians were simply a northern Greek tribe that had not taken on certain political features like the city-state. By the time, of the Ottoman encroachment on Anatolia, there was just Greek-speaking Romaioi in the area (the people who later became simply Greeks in the modern sense).
The is a poorly written post.
" a process of assimilation of Greeks, Macedonians, and Armenians, to a "Turkish" identity occurred organically through conversion to Islam."
Are there genomic studies of Turkey? Do they reflect this history?
Various genetic studies of Turks have shown between 10-15% turkic ancestry depending on which study. I believe some done by Turkish researchers have shown as high as 20%, but overall the majority of the ancestry appears to be a combination of Greek and Balkan.
The Turkic ancestry is obvious in certain individuals (for example soccer player Mesut Ozil). The asiatic facial structure is very clear in some individuals but most of the population of modern day Turkey wouldn't show it.
You can clearly see the turkic ancestry in Mughal-associated individuals such a Babur in contemporary paintings and portraits.
Taimur (Tamerlane) is another individual where the Turkic ancestry is clearly visible – the Russians exhumed him and did a facial reconstruction a few decades ago.
In Iran and India/Pakistan its even less obvious than Turkey as the intermixture was far less. As an example the Shah Jahan (the 5th Mughal emperor) was 3/4ths rajput.
So if the 5th Mughal emperor was 3/4th rajput, its likely the vast majority of muslims in South Asia are likely 0% or very untraceable amounts of turkic ancestry. They are most likely converts – something both Indian muslims and especially Pakistanis are loathe to admit.
But hey I'm not judging – we all carry our crosses. Jai Shree Ameen.
the main issue with 'turkic ancestry' is some ppl claim that it is underrepresented due to lots of iranic admixture in the groups moving into anatolia. but yes, in general you are correct.
the early timurids were VERY turkic (east asian) since they were from central asia proper.
It's always been fascinating to me how race in islam doesn't matter yet how it actually does. You see shades of it in this Turkic discussion where most practising muslim friends either claim that Turkic people aren't originally East Asian or it doesn't matter since everyone is Muslim. Obviously it does matter.
I see similar shades in the Middle East where south asian muslims are treated as second class compared to Arabs. Not to mention how black Saudis are treated in their homeland or the Persian/Arab conflict.
I've always wondered if African American's converting to Islam were aware of how they would be treated in the Middle East. I wonder if they know of the not-oft mentioned legacy of Arab slave traders who were the initial conduit for slavery into Europe and then the new world.
Again… not judging too much – the caste system's brutalities are well documented.
Numinous says:
Lawrence of Arabia wrote in his book "Seven Pillars of Wisdom" that Arabs were prejudiced against Indians (now "South Asians") but not so much against Africans. (I don't know how accurate this is though.)
Islam being past racism and all inclusive of races is a big myth. Islam's oldest country Saudi Arabia is a homeland of tribalism, and 1400 years of Islam have not changed them to any kind of cosmopolitanism with universal values . Entire Arab countries are tribalistic. Ideas of superiority of man over woman, arab over nonArab, Muslims over nonMuslims, white over black , Humans over animals are well entrenched in theory, practice and laws. Little bit of open minded to history and news will dispel that myth. Hinduism openly acknowledges it's entanglement with casteism , while Islam has been less open but no less vigorous in practicing all kinds discrimination and patriarchy.
"They are most likely converts – something both Indian muslims and especially Pakistanis are loathe to admit."
my observation is that foreign ancestry fetish was mostly a pre-independence thing in India. Post independence pakistanis, at least the urban and educated class, are more accepting of their native roots. some of them, like the punjabi muslim rajputs are very vocally proud of their indic roots.
\Russians exhumed him \ Timur's body was exhumed just a day before Nazi invasion of USSR, against all well-intentioned superstitions , not to disturb his grave.
They did finally win, didn't they?
Win at great cost , by the skin of their teeth. Outcome could have gone either way.
may be this is reason chinggis khan's descendants buried him in secret grave? 🙂
if exhuming timur's body can bring about a catastrophe like nazi invasion, imagine the horrors if the greatest khan ever to rule this world is awakened from his sleep!
while Islam has been less open but no less vigorous in practicing all kinds discrimination and patriarchy.
i think it is hard to deny that islam and christianity have both been racist, but that racist ideology as such is hard to justify on the grounds of the religion itself (it's possible).
my personal experience is that islamists etc. are very narrow-minded and bigoted, but also quite non-racist (the most racist muslims are those who are 'moderate muslims', while the fundamentalists and secular/ex-muslims are the least racist).
interesting obs. May because Islamists look for recruits to their political/military projects , either foot soldiers or allies for their Khilafat . So, they can't afford to be racist. or race blindless is path of leat resistance
One feature of Islamic history which sets itself apart from others , use of slave armies to spread Islam and maintain Islamic empires and that is how Turks got converted . Islamic slave army system jelled with Mongol/ Turkish tribal ways of life centered around animal husbandry to produce Ottoman system of Govt, army and millets
Conventional wisdom has it that the bulk of the initial converts to Islam in South Asia were from the lower castes/classes ("Ajlaf" and "Arzal"). Over time entire villages and castes/guilds adopted Islam thereby broadening the base of Islam in South Asia. By and large caste based endogamy was prevalent. Is there genetic basis for this conventional wisdom?
Second question: my understanding is that in today's Pakistan the lowest classes (castes?) seem to have embraced Christianity as opposed to Islam. Any insight into why this is the case?
Not all the conversions were due to "lower caste"factor. Many of the better off castes converted for career progression with Muslim kings. Some kind peaceful Dawa activity also worked. Of course, the ever present Jizya and all social and cultural persecution tipped in favour on conversion. Actually if some caste leaders could be converted, rest of the community would follow or would be easy for them
Even Hindu caste system has provided caste mobility over a period of time.
My impression is a strong presence of brahmins and brahminical institutions prevented large scale conversion
no, i'm not talking about terrorists. i'm saying that the goat-bearded types are/were the most internationalist and ethnically conscious. others have noticed the same thing.
fundamentalist islam is actually ANTI-TRADITIONALIST.
Razib, "Anti-traditionalist" in that they want to adopt a literal interpretation of texts in the social construct that applied when these texts became inscribed/part of the dogma?
a bit. depends on the region. no caste endogamy in bengali muslims. but something going on in pakistan.
cuz pak muslims treat them like untouchables anyway. xtianity gives international allies. even on this weblog i've seen pakistani muslims talk about them in ways where there is clearly a negative to patronizing connotation to these people.
p.s. a lot of 'sayyids' in south asian look to be upper caste converts
Saurav Das says:
I think Sayyid wanted to go even a higher tier than Brahmin so just started saying we are from Iran and Bukhara and stuff.
The other upper caste converts started claiming themselves as rajputs.
At the end, since middle castes gujars, jats and ahirs still remained in the hierarchy ,lower castes couldnt move up, so they either converted to sikhi (Ravidasis) or Christianity.
shia ruled regions were magnets. lucknow, parts of south.
khomenei's family had a sojourn in india.
Finally, bit of a hindu nationalist rant at the end. pax islamica in india was the peace of the conqueror. yes, there was peace and prosperity in india during the mughal empire, but it was a conditional peace. it was a peace contingent upon the fact that hindus kept their station.
it was the period when indians shrank both psychologically and intellectually. gone were the days when idols of vishnu and buddha used to be sculpted from balkh to borneo. gone were the days of magnificent sanskrit dramas and scintillating astronomical treatises. even crossing of seas became transgression worthy of excommunication from caste.
(admittedly all this decline had started much earlier in the years of delhi sultanate itself, but for us hindu nationalists they were all the same any way).
i think in some ways to be frank this period inculcated into hindus a 'slave mentality.' i see it among some commenters here and among hindus i know IRL. yes, they may have resentment, anger, and support the hindu right. but the slave lacks self-confidence, and assumes, for example, that the child of a muslim-hindu marriage will OF COURSE be muslim. in islam, that IS how it is. but why does the slave still bow before sharia? because the scimitar still casts a shadow over the slave's soul…
(i do know people who have gone beyond the slave mentality; a hindutva friend married a pakistani woman and their kids are not being raised muslim [obv])
"a hindutva friend married a pakistani woman"
naipaul was another example.
naipaul is weird cuz he's west indian. the 'slave' mentality i'm talking about is particular to indians and their 1st-generation children. by slave, i mean that islamic domination set the terms of hindu reaction and adaptation. but 250 years after the collapse of muslim hegemony indian hindus still argue and conceive of the issues and answers in reflexive/reactive terms.
What you say (about slave mentality) was largely true, but , in my recent visits to India i now see that transform to something similar to regular right wing/conservative view now. Its still reflexive while making whataboutery comments on social media and TV studios, but on ground it has moved from slave-to-domination stage.
It now acts more self assuredly (we are here and we are here to stay) and moved on from making rhetorical point on Islam , to real life issues like legislation,politics etc. In a ironic way its the people on the net (from either side of the divide) who seem stuck on Islam-is-evil vs Hindu-Nazis, while the situation on ground has moved forward.
woah. is his AASI != 0?
Well he is the godfather of AASI
@AnAn I'm really flattered, but I don't think I know much, and really I wouldn't even know what to contribute to this blog! I think I prefer reading than contributing lol.
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Social Justice as white self-regard and self-obsession January 10, 2020
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Opportunities for performance improvement in relation to medication administration during pediatric stabilization.
Morgan N, Luo X, Fortner C, Frush K. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006;15:179-183.
The investigators observed simulated scenarios to evaluate nurses' clinical performance during medication administration. They found that improvements could be made in several areas, including the use of read-backs and medication preparation, measurement, and selection.
Improving patient safety through simulation training in anesthesiology: where are we?
Green M, Tariq R, Green P. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2016;2016:4237523.
Innovative teaching in situational awareness.
Gregory A, Hogg G, Ker J. Clin Teach. 2015;12:331-335.
Impact of crisis resource management simulation-based training for interprofessional and interdisciplinary teams: a systematic review.
Fung L, Boet S, Bould MD, et al. J Interprof Care. 2015;29:433-444.
Learning through simulated independent practice leads to better future performance in a simulated crisis than learning through simulated supervised practice.
Goldberg A, Silverman E, Samuelson S, et al. Br J Anaesth. 2015;114:794-800.
Creating a distraction simulation for safe medication administration.
Thomas CM, McIntosh CE, Allen R. Clin Simul Nurs. 2014;10:406-411.
Risk and pharmacoeconomic analyses of the injectable medication process in the paediatric and neonatal intensive care units.
De Giorgi I, Fonzo-Christe C, Cingria L, et al. Int J Qual Health Care. 2010;22:170-178.
Teamwork and quality during neonatal care in the delivery room.
Thomas EJ, Sexton JB, Lasky RE, Helmreich RL, Crandell DS, Tyson J. J Perinatol. 2006;26:163-169.
The Joint Commission. Sentinel Event Alert. July 14, 2005;(34):1-3.
Prospective observational study on the incidence of medication errors during simulated resuscitation in a paediatric emergency department.
Kozer E, Seto W, Verjee Z, et al. BMJ. 2004;329:1321.


Thanks for your kind words, Eric. Keep writing and trying to get people's attention. The more voices, the better.
I completely agree with what you say about autism. I prefer to think of it as neurodiversity, and rather than asking people on the spectrum to adapt to our world (and institutionalizing them when they don't), we should find ways to be more inclusive overall.
I hear you. I feel overwhelmed, helpless, and hopeless much of the time, too. It's dark stuff – the way some people treat others. The many encouraging responses here help tremendously.
There's a whole theory behind the profits made when you institutionalize people versus supporting them in their communities. It's called handicapitalism if you're interested in looking it up.
Sometimes their families commit them – or they commit themselves, thinking they are going for a short stay and rehabilitation. Only later do some realize they're stuck there for the rest of their lives.
Thank you, Cat Lover Oregon!
I have heard this all too often – residents taking care of other residents out of necessity – including from two of the people I interviewed from the facility mentioned in my series.
There is some positive news on this front. Groups like Center for Public Representation are fighting to have these "sheltered workshops" shut down, arguing that they are another form of segregation. They have had some significant success throughout the country.
Thanks so much, Frank. You summarized it well. I've been at this for more than two years now and still feel like I haven't made a dent. The care industrial complex is very strong indeed. I am so appreciative of Mad in America for helping me reach more people.
Thanks so much for reading, Rachel! We need to keep spreading the word.


conditions is <ns:s> from G1 identical to <ns:s> from G2, i.e.
So, for example. are there any differences wrt namespace value, e.g.
a)  @prefix ns: <http://my.example.org/path#> .
b)  @prefix ns: <data:,> .
not? Or does RDF respect the opaque URI view.
there are those URIs that have a central registry authority.
Glad to get any insights on this question.
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L'OCCITANE reveals a new men's skincare collection, made with energizing extracts of organic Corsican cedrat. The Pure Cleanser is a multi-action deep cleansing gel which: • Intensely cleanses the skin with natural exfoliating particles • Effectively removes impurities and dead cells to immediately refine the skin's texture • Neutralizes shine and leaves the skin clean and soft Tested under dermatological supervision. Suitable for normal to combination skin.
Use: lather every morning on wet skin, emphasis on the T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin). Rinse thoroughly. Avoid eye contact.
INGREDIENTS: AQUA/WATER** - SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE – GLYCERIN** - DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE - DECYL GLUCOSIDE - ACRYLATES COPOLYMER - SUCROSE COCOATE - CITRUS LIMON (LEMON) PEEL POWDER** - CITRUS MEDICA VULGARIS FRUIT EXTRACT* - CITRUS MEDICA VULGARIS PEEL OIL** - GALACTARIC ACID** - SILICA** - SODIUM CHLORIDE - SODIUM BENZOATE - POTASSIUM SORBATE - PARFUM/FRAGRANCE - LIMONENE - CITRAL – LINALOOL. *Ingredient from Organic Farming. **Natural origin ingredients.


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Expected running time: 90 min.
One of the most important voices of the Indigenous Arctic, Inuit advocate Aaju Peter takes us behind the curtains of her political work in the top of international diplomacy, sharing the personal battles that motivate her to fight through grief and trauma to regain faith in life, console her family, and define her people's legacy.
Humming as he goes, a bedouin boy wanders towards the night, while clouds of agitation gather over a young, Syrian couple in the city. Gardens of Dust is a virtuoso film, that accompanies the waves of love, loss and longing in a world of political despair.
Intimate as a diary, the film is a topical and contemporary panorama of an essay film, with strong references to the Persian poet, Farroukhzad.
Shammi Haque, a brave, female activist from Bangladesh wants a revolution to create equality among the Indigenous of Chittagong and the Bengali settlers, so she sets off to start a revolution.
Between hazy days and foggy dreams, Linea tries to deal with the love she's lost and seeks cohesion with her 6 month old child -but everything feels unreal. Echoes of Utopia is a story about the sorrow of not loving your child as you've dreamt of, and seeking a love that isn't there yet.
A woman in an existentialistic dilemma, is looking for a sound that can heal her from her fear.
11 years ago, Thor's father left his family and his career as a highly esteemed doctor, to become a Buddhist monk on a tea mountain in Sri Lanka. They haven't seen each other since.
Viviana dreams of a future full of happiness for her and her children, where she doesn't have to prostitute herself.
Set in the distant future, Connected is a story about survival and greed with a post apocalyptic wasteland as its backdrop. Survivors of an unknown disaster shuffle through a desolate landscape, as it quickly becomes clear that not everybody has the strength to survive.


text:
Random Encounters — американский музыкальный веб-сериал, запущенный 7 июня 2011 года. С момента запуска сериал сотрудничал с многоканальными сетями Disney Digital Network и Maker Studios, а также один раз с IGN Entertainment.

Каждый эпизод состоит из музыкального номера (видеоряд к мюзиклам чаще всего состоит из игры актёров и косплея), основанного на популярных играх (таких, как серии видеоигр The Legend of Zelda или Pokémon). Идея шоу была придумана в 2010 году, когда пародийное видео по серии игр Sonic the Hedgehog победило в официальном соревновании компании Sega.

История
Проект «Random Encounters» был придуман при создании пародийного видео «Needlemouse: The Musical». Эй Джей Пинкертон помогал в победе на соревновании, и компания Sega попросила их спеть песню вживую на одном из фестивалей. Затем Пинкертон и Питер стали выпускать свою музыку, основанную на видеоиграх.

Список мюзиклов

Примечания

Веб-сериалы США
Веб-сериалы, запущенные в 2011 году
Веб-сериалы на YouTube

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"What Will People Say:" Shattering Walls
What Will People Say (Hva Vi Folk Si) is a terrifying film based on and inspired by the horror of the life of Iram Haq, its director. The film follows main character Nisha (Maria Mozhdah), a 16-year-old Pakistani...
Marj Ostani
Mercy Mistress: life through a queer and kinky lens
Mercy Mistress, coming out in early 2019, is one of the most highly anticipated web series for the Asian Femme. Based on the memoirs of a queer Chinese-American dominatrix in New York City, this dramatic dark comedy is...
Katherine Ho on singing a Coldplay song in Mandarin for 'Crazy Rich Asians' OST
It's only been a month since the massive success of Crazy Rich Asians ("CRA") hit the cinemas, and all the buzz and hype amongst Asian communities are still alive. Not only did this film celebrate the race...
10 most relatable scenes from 'To All The Boys I've Loved Before'
What's it like being a teenager? For anyone who has experienced the roller coaster years that are *drum roll* high school, the trending Netflix film original, 'To All The Boys I've Loved Before'...


Dude, you can get as much boom as you want because this is a party in a box. Balkan Beat Box have always been a dance band, but this is their danciest record yet. His longtime bandmates, saxophonist Ori Kaplan and ex-Big Lazy drummer Tamir Muskat join him in paring the new songs closer to the bone than ever. The hooks are more disarmingly direct and the beats seem faster than usual, maybe because the energy is so high. For what it's worth, it's their least Balkan and most Jamaican-influenced album to date.
The album keeps the party rolling long after everybody presumably gives Yosef a BOOM. That number, Give It a Tone has echoes of dancefloor reggae. The next, I Trusted U, hints at Bollywood over a Bo Diddley beat that picks up with a mighty sway and a slashing, vintage Burning Spear-style horn chart. The title track is a lean, dub-influenced tune that gives Yosef another big opportunity to engage the crowd.
The woozily strutting electro-dancehall number Ching Ching is really funny, Yosef's rhymes making fun of status-grubbers who "Wanna be a bigshot on a small screen…everybody do the same twerking," he snarls. I'll Watch Myself stirs a simple Balkan brass hook into a pulsing midtempo EDM beat with a little hip-hop layered overhead. From there the group segue into Just the Same, which is the album's coolest track: a mashup of dub, dancehall and Algerian rai.
Kaplan gets his smoky baritone sax going in Hard Worker, a funny bhangra rap number. "If you want, I can also be Obama," Yosef wants us to know. There are both fast as well as slower, shorter dub versions of Mad Dog and This Town, the former a No No No-stye noir soul strut, the latter a dancehall tune. There's also Kum Kum, a skeletally clattering J-pop influenced groove with a girlie chorus. The one thing you can't do with this is pump up the bass because there basically isn't any. Bring it on!


If all your nodes or edges have the same color, it is difficult to distinguish them without looking at their individual properties. A great way to solve this is to color the nodes according to a certain category or property.
For example, our nodes with category Company may have a Country property that we would like to highlight; Linkurious Enterprise enables us to color the nodes according to a particular property, here Country.
This way, a French and a German start-up will have different colors despite having the same category; it will be easier to distinguish them visually.
In the picture below, we see that the start-up Twitter is connected to many investors. At first glance we have no idea where these investors are coming from.
Let's open the Design panel on the right corner of the screen and hit the Styles tab.
We can see all the node categories and, clicking on them, we can see their properties and property values.
All the nodes that do not have the property or none of the values for which we applied a rule will remain with the color of their category.


Son of Bigfoot follows 13-year-old Adam (voiced by Pappy Faulkner), on an epic and daring quest to uncover the mystery behind his long-lost dad (aka "Bigfoot" voiced by Christopher L. Parson). Adam's mom Shelly (voiced by Lindsay Torrance) is sweet and loving—though she does keep a very important secret from Adam… and she makes an awful meatloaf.
At first, Adam doesn't know his father is actually alive or that he is a full-on, fur-bearing Sasquatch. Of course, that would explain the boy's rapid hair growth and why his oversized feet burst out of his sneakers whenever the bullies chase him. What he does know is that he needs his dad more than anything. He's in luck because he soon finds out that Bigfoot is alive and well, living in a neighboring forest. After a harrowing road trip taken without Shelly's knowledge, father and son are reunited.
Adam learns why his dad had to play dead: Wallace Eastman (Terrence Stone) the head of a nefarious hair-growth empire, HairCo., is after the hirsute hominid and will stop at nothing to find him. Eastman wants to extract Bigfoot's follicle-friendly DNA and use it to end baldness forever (and make a bajillion dollars while he's at it).
Bigfoot is a kindly and harmless vegetarian who loves to play the banjo and lives in a cool treehouse. His best friends are raccoons, squirrels, and a big brown bear. But still, he does miss living at home with his wife and son. As father and son bond, Adam soon discovers that he has inherited superpowers beyond his imagination. Now that the youngster knows the secret of his birthright, he is also in danger. Before long, the baddies find the hidden forest lair and all heck breaks loose.
The plot does sound pretty ridiculous but actually, the way the story unfolds it feels quite believable and all the pieces do fit together. The main reason to go along for the ride is that Adam and his family are so likable and the story really is a lot of fun. The animation is simple and colorful and even the villains look cute. It's an upbeat tale that never gets too dark and has very little violence. While this is a father and son story, mom does show up toward the end for some appropriately timed girl power.
Son of Bigfoot (released in Europe last year as Bigfoot Junior) is entertaining family fare; it's perfect for younger kiddos who aren't quite ready for the more sophisticated offerings of Pixar or DreamWorks… hand still fun enough for mom and dad to enjoy. Adults will notice nods to X-Men, Teen Wolf and The Incredible Hulk, and a few (very few) pop-culture references.


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So a significant number of the members are in search of commitment-minded someone who also has Christian values and beliefs and who leads a Christian lifestyle. Grindr xtra is what the upgraded account is called, and with it, you can enjoy an ad-free experience as well as block and favorite as many users as you want. Similar to Match, OurTime offers all of the necessary features and tools for free. Down Down is the secret way to get down with people nearby. And if theyre not online, it can be like finding a needle in an expensive haystack what with how expensive singles bars and events can. A lot of single seniors come to us asking about online dating typically its their first time trying.
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