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This year alone, some 6 million people are expected to ditch satellite and cable, causing a major pain point for the providers of digital entertainment. Welcome many of the same companies (DirecTV and Dish Network), along with YouTube, Hulu and Sony, in a different sort of offer. A smaller collection of channels, along with broadcast TV locals, no equipment required, and an average price of around $40 monthly. (Along with your internet subscription.)
To be honest, if you've got a decent laptop and a nice TV, with an HDMI cable between them you have all you need to be a cord cutter. Stream on your laptop and watch on the big screen. Or use your phone; the apps out there for casting or mirroring what you see on the phone to the TV are too numerous to mention. (Read How to Connect Your iPhone or iPad to Your TV for more.)
LM&M- Sometimes its about $$$ only and not so much what people can and cannot watch. My mom's cable package is $139 and ours is $69 – way above what a lot of people can afford, and if it comes down to food vs. TV, I would pick food as well. However, we are not in that situation, but rather just considering what our options are – We watch only a few shows a week, I cannot catch Sox games unless they are playing the Yankees (espn), and I don't mind watching a show the next day…I work from home by myself. (thankfully) When they get all the bugs figured out, internet TV is definitely the future though…
Loosen and remove the head of the cable wire from the wall cable outlet. Connect the short coaxial TV cable to the wall by placing the head of the cable over the threaded coaxial wall connector. Attach the head of the other end of the short coaxial cable to the single-sided end of the cable splitter. The cable splitter has a one-sided end, where there is a single-threaded coaxial connector for the cable to go in, and a two-sided end, where the cable is split up and transmitted out to two separate TV's.
Also forgot to mention that there is a great box out called Roku that allows you to stream in HD, and offers other stuff that is exactly like cable but theres only a one time cost of $59.99/free shipping and absolutely no monthly fees. All the movies and shows you want, you might want to check out all the features at roku.com or go to Netflix.com and check out their "watch television instantly" section. You can get more information about it there. Another great little investment to save on cable fees and you can use it on any television even the old analog television! Check it out!
And even though the monthly price generally starts off higher than satellite, you won't see the same kind of second-year price hikes with cable. This makes it easier to budget for up front since you won't be falling for sweet promotional deals that come back to haunt your bank account in 12 months. Also, because cable doesn't require contracts, you have a lot more flexibility than satellite. Unfortunately, if you live in a rural area, you may not have cable as an option.
By May 2009, 35% of households carried the network's programming without the grid; by late 2011, 75% of the systems carrying the channel were showing its programming full-screen.[29] By January 2013, that number increased to 83%, and it was expected that by the following year, 90% of households will be viewing the network in full-screen mode, without the grid listings.[30] Some cable systems that abandoned use of the grid on TV Guide Network began moving the channel from their basic service (where it was carried at minimum on a "limited basic" programming tier, alongside local broadcast stations and public, educational, and government access channels) to their digital tiers. This also resulted in the phase-out of its use as a default Emergency Alert System conduit for transmitting warning information applicable to the provider's local service areas (some providers also previously used TV Guide Network's channel space for an alternate or overflow feed of a regional sports network for sports rights conflicts, though as dedicated HD channels have launched for the RSNs and new carriage agreements with the channel precluded EAS or RSN overflow use, this use was negated).
Channel Master's SMARTenna+ is the industry's leading indoor TV antenna. The SMARTenna+ features a sleek, modern design that can fit effortlessly into your home. The antenna houses seven "virtual" antennas inside to provide you with a maximum signal range. It also features both automated and by the button scanning so you will always be in control of your antenna. Did we mention the SMARTenna+ has been called the world's smartest indoor TV antenna? And it is for good reason. The SMARTenna+ features Active Steering Technology which enables virtual antenna steering, giving you the maximum number of channels available and the best reception quality.
By the late 1980s, a software upgrade "option" was offered by United Video for the Amiga 1000-based EPG Sr. This updated version featured a program listings grid identical in appearance to that of the original EPG Sr. version, but confined it to the lower half of the screen. In this new split-screen configuration, which was the forerunner to Prevue Guide, the upper half of the screen displayed static or animated graphical advertisements and logos created locally by each cable system operator. Up to 64 such ads were supported by the software, which ranged from ads for local and national businesses to promotions for cable channels carried by the local system. Locally created text-based advertisements were still supported, however, they now also appeared in the top half of the screen – support for showing them within the listings grid as scrolling ads, or beneath it as crawling banner ads, had been removed.
We included our custom-built XBMC media center—not everyone's taste, but a geekier option we love—for a bit of extra comparison (Note: since the writing of this article, streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon have gotten much more difficult in XBMC. See this post for more information). Obviously, you can't boil down five devices into just a small chart, though. So, we played with each of these five devices over the course of a few weeks, and here are our thoughts on each one: what it does well, what it lacks, and who it's good for.
Join the club! Some of us at Lifehacker HQ have already left or are ready to leave the cable company for 24/7 live TV streaming, too. We get this question all the time, and we've examined ditching the monthly bill in favor of watching programs online occasionally in the past, and we've also looked at ways to get your TV fix with apps like Boxee and Hulu, plus there are cool set-top devices like Roku and TiVo, but this is a good opportunity to get exhaustive. There are so many great options for catching a show here or there, but can you rely on them to replicate the cable TV experience? Well, yes and no.
So when people ask "how to cut the cord," it's pretty clear that they're not really asking how to cut the cord. They're actually asking how to watch TV without cable. They're asking how they can replace all of their favorite shows, how to watch the latest movies, and how to fill the void that channel-surfing, live NFL games, or whatever else they liked about cable has left in its wake. That's what we dedicate the most time to here on the site. We call out site Cordcutting.com because all of the topics we cover are related to cord cutting in some way, but if we really wanted to name it after what we cover most, we'd call it HowToWatchTVWithoutCable.com. Not quite as catchy, we know.
But seriously, DIRECTV is where it's at if you're a sports fan. On top of NFL SUNDAY TICKET, DIRECTV offers à la carte programming for most major sports leagues, including MLB EXTRA INNINGS®, NBA LEAGUE PASS, MLS Direct KickTM, and NHL® CENTER ICE®. Also, when you upgrade to the ENTERTAINMENT package, you'll get ESPN, TNT, and TBS—which carry Monday Night Football, Inside the NBA, and the majority of college hoops (including March Madness) between them.
Even if you watch a dozen or so shows a year, buying those seasons may be less expensive than paying for a cable subscription—and you'll be able to watch on your TV, computer, phone, or tablet. We looked at 16 of the most popular TV shows across different networks back in 2016 (including Game of Thrones, The Big Bang Theory, Mr. Robot, The Blacklist, and Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood), and the average price for a full season of these shows from the Google Play store was just under $25. On iTunes they were just under $32 a season, while on Amazon they were just about $29. Given that the average monthly cable bill at the start of that year was $99 per household, you could afford to buy between 38 and 48 TV-show seasons a year, depending on where you buy them, for the same price as cable, and have more flexibility in watching them. (This calculation doesn't include shows that are exclusive to Netflix or Amazon, as you would have to subscribe to those services even if you have cable.)
Our site publishes a ton of articles, though, so writing just one page on the same subject means we have an awful lot to cover. Thankfully, the best methods for watching TV without cable can be grouped together and simplified in pretty helpful ways. That's what we're going to do in the sections below – but, first, it's time for a brief moment of self-examination.
Spectrum is now requiring a box for all TVs to receive their signal. I have a TV in the basement that I use while exercising and watch only news programs. Is their a way I can use one of your suggestions that will allow me to watch the news. Or are MSNBC, CNN, FOX etc by definition only cable channels. We have Amazon Prime and Netflix and would love to cut the cable if there were a way to also get these news channels. Thanks.
Before deciding to cancel, you should also make sure you have a reliably fast Internet connection. Most streaming video services need 5 to 10 megabits per second in bandwidth for smooth streaming, and you'll want an average speed of at least 15 to 20 Mbps to deal with pauses and buffering. Even with a true gigabit connection, you could still occasionally run into buffering issues.
It's really not that big of a shock that a major TV provider has inconsistent customer service at best. We pitted DIRECTV and DISH against each other in the customer service department, and DISH falls short on the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI1). From our experience, you can expect longer hold times with DISH's customer service department.
DISH also has the best DVR available. The Hopper 3 Smart DVR lets you record up to 16 shows at once, and you can record 2 ½ times more HD content (500 hours) than the Genie from DIRECTV (200 hours). However, keep in mind that the advertised package price doesn't include the DVR price. You'll have to pay an extra $10 per month for the Hopper and an additional $5–$10 per month for each added receiver.
Hulu With Live TV also presents some stiff competition when it comes to sports, providing a variety of channels, including ESPN, CSN, and Fox Sports 1. Hulu with Live TV also lets users follow their favorite sports teams from the NFL, NCAA, NBA, MLS, MLB, and NHL, and record their games, provided they're available. Furthermore, you can use your Hulu with Live TV login information to sign in to the ESPN App to access live ESPN coverage via ESPN+.
Walmart's marketplace has dozens of HDMI cables. Of the ones the company seems to sell itself, evidenced by the "Free Pickup" tag, the Tripp Lite linked here claims in one place to be 18Gbps. If you dig down through the details you can find that it does have a lifetime warranty. I can't see any reason to get this cable over Amazon or Monoprice, but it's an option.
Hulu and CBS All Access are the best places to start here, with Netflix as a potential add-on. You also may want to invest in an antenna to see if you can pick up a local channel that carries MeTV or a similar retro television service. Also, since the Philo live TV service has Nickelodeon and TV Land (and is super-cheap, starting at a bare-bones package for $16 a month), it might be worth subscribing to that as well.
There are drawbacks, most having to do with content licensing restrictions. Netflix still has a good number of films in its vast library that are unavailable for streaming. With Hulu Plus, TV shows are generally embargoed until at least the day after their original network air dates. And there can also be restrictions on which seasons of a show are available. Perhaps most frustrating, licensing terms for some shows stipulate that while they can be watched on a computer or mobile device for free on Hulu's website, they are prohibited from being viewed on the TV even with a paid Hulu Plus subscription. But remember, an antenna gets you free OTA network channels, so if you're able to work your schedule around the networks' (like in the old days) you can minimize this inconvenience.
Following the acquisition of TV Guide Network by Lionsgate in 2009, its programming began to shift towards a general entertainment format with reruns of dramas and sitcoms. In 2013, CBS Corporation acquired of a 50% stake in the network, and the network was renamed TVGN. At the same time, as its original purpose grew obsolete because of the integrated program guides offered by digital television platforms, the network began to downplay and phase out its program listings service; as of June 2014, none of the network's carriage contracts require the display of the listings, and they were excluded entirely from its high definition simulcast. In 2015, the network was rebranded as Pop.
I'll keep my eyes peeled on you guys and your progress, and try to follow your lead! By the way you have all been most informative,and Peter, thanks for starting the subject you truly have helped my frame of mind. I know I threw in a bit of southern humor to keep you all entertained but buy God I am going to overcome this so-called generational gap and get in there with you all. I won't be a tech. but perhaps I'll learn how to better utilize my equipment…
PlayStation Vue's interface feels much smoother than any other streaming service we've tested. It really starts with the attention to detail. PlayStation Vue clearly labels channels and "On Demand" content up in the top right-hand corner of the screen. This makes it easier to differentiate live content vs. on-demand content and surf for other shows that particular network has to offer.
The $99 Apple TV is a tiny little device that fits anywhere in your living room. The remote is very basic, but extremely easy to use—something a lot of living room remotes lack these days. It feels very solid, and the buttons respond nicely, making the whole product pleasant to use. Setup is a snap: just plug it in, link it up with your iTunes library and Apple ID, and you're ready to go. Typing in your credentials is kind of annoying due to the lack of keyboard. I wish I could set up things like Netflix and Hulu in iTunes from my computer, but for now you'll have to trudge through the remote-driven setup.
One of the toughest things for cord-cutters to give up is sports content, since cable and satellite TV give access not only to home games, but also to matches from all around the world. An HD antenna will keep you covered for local games. Otherwise, you have two options: a cable-replacement service, or a streaming sports service. Every major sports organization offers some kind of streaming package, from MLB.TV to NFL Live to NBA League Pass. These services are expensive compared to streaming subscriptions, and can cost between $100 and $200 per year.
With the exception of Sling, all five services continue to add local channels in an attempt to sign up viewers. Because most local stations, aka network affiliates, are owned by companies other than one of the big four networks in question, they usually require separate contracts with providers like streaming services, cable systems and satellite networks.
My college age kid went into a bit of shock for the first few days and then found time to spend at a local bookstore (I see that as an improvement). I did invest in a regular ole' antenna for the TV, so I can catch the local channels (which are about 50 here in TX), and after reading your article purchased a Roku 3. My kid has an Xbox, Wii, and PS3 so streaming online content was already possible, I got the Roku for the main television and not to cause another issue of "shell shock" by taking over the kid's PS3.
Philo is unique among the other skinny bundle internet TV services in that it does not offer any sports channels. That means if you love both MTV and ESPN, Philo is not the service for you. By eschewing sports channels, Philo is able to offer entertainment-only networks for a low cost, but this does ultimately create a more niche service, compared to other options like Sling TV and DirecTV Now. You won't get any sports coverage at all with Philo.
One big advantage Roku offers though is a choice of four models ranging in features and price, from the $50 Roku LT to the faster and higher resolution $100 Roku 3. With over 1,000 channels, Roku has long had an edge over its Apple rival in terms of content, but unsurprisingly, many channels are of limited appeal. While it lacks support for iTunes, Roku counters with the Amazon Instant video store (unavailable on Apple TV). Roku also offers both a PBS and PBS Kids channel.
But if you have a Nvidia Shield, you should forget Kodi and get SPMC instead. SPMC is identical to Kodi, but it runs better on Nvidia Shield – plus it has features that the Kodi app lacks like passthrough audio and voice recognition capability. The reason why SPMC is so similar to the Kodi app is that it was created by the same guy – a developer called Koyling. Koyling split away from the Kodi team last year to focus on SPMC. Like Kodi, SPMC is totally free.
The general rule for digital antennas is the higher, the better. Structures such as floors, cabinets, and walls may impact TV signal reception, so placing your antenna high in a window is ideal, as long as it's free from exterior obstructions (trees, buildings, billboards, and so on). Indoor antennas should not be installed behind a TV or electronic equipment, next to metal objects, or near high-traffic areas, as TV signal reception may be impacted.
HI Peter, i am not knowledgable about this, i am trying to learn. Could you help guide me? The xbox 'hooks' to the t.v. and i run Playon on my laptop… am i right to assume they communicate to each other 'through the air waves', to show the programing? i won't have to run any 'cables' from my laptop to my t.v.? thank you for helping me out and to understand. steph.
Many local libraries have movies and television shows on DVD, and some even offer BluRay. Borrowing one is completely free as long as you are eligible for a library card, and you usually have a generous return window too. The only caveats are that your selection may be limited and other borrowers may not have been kind to the DVD when they borrowed it, so some of them may not work. But, when the cost is $0, it isn't as painful when that happens.
We've covered the major techniques and services that you can use to watch TV without cable. But what about watching TV without cable on, you know, your actual TV? You already know that OTA antennas plug straight into your TV, but loading up on streaming services doesn't help much unless you have a way to watch those on your TV, too. Fortunately, there's an entire industry built around solving this dilemma. Let's talk streaming hardware!
The answer to that will depend on what you're specifically looking for from television. If your answer is "I want it all," then honestly, you may be better off sticking with cable or satellite, because getting it "all" piecemeal will likely be prohibitively expensive. But if you have particular areas of interest, cord-cutting is definitely feasible and probably cheaper. (More advice on how to cut your bill without fully cutting the cord can be found in this guide from Wirecutter.)
Executives couldn't agree on how long to make old episodes available for subscribers. Some gave viewers only a day to catch up on a show they missed because the broadcasters had sold the reruns to another service. Others made past series available to subscribers for a month. Consumers became confused about where to go and how long they had to binge-watch a show. Some TV networks were slow to make their channels available online.
Netflix – Netflix has loads of content at a low price. Most TV shows wind up on streaming after a season airs. There are also movies and a whole host of children's programming available. The pricing is reasonable at $8.99 a month for unlimited HD streaming to two TVs simultaneously. If you are comfortable waiting a few months for a TV series, Netflix may be all you need.
Netflix ($7.99/mo., $10.99/mo., $13.99/mo.): What HBO has been to premium cable, Netflix has been to subscription streaming services, offering buzzed-about programming that anyone who wants to be "in the know" regarding contemporary television needs to see. It got a head-start on its competitors by producing must-see original content, and it continues to expand its library every month with new series and movies that generate a lot of buzz. (Think "Orange Is the New Black," "Stranger Things," "BoJack Horseman" or "Jessica Jones") The service has been licensing fewer older TV shows and films in recent years, but it still offers a lot of high-quality product from those realms, including great British television, recent CW and Fox series and a surprisingly healthy amount of contemporary foreign cinema.
A high definition simulcast feed of the network (broadcasting in the 1080i format) was also launched that year; it was added to various providers through the renewals of TVGN's existing carriage contracts. The high definition feed only carries the channel's entertainment programming, with no overlays or hardware used to provide listings information. The final agreements with providers which specified that the channel carry a listings scroll ended in June 2014.[34] Some providers, such as the municipally-owned cable system in Frankfort, Kentucky, continue to carry the scroll without any video programming on a separate channel (such as a local origination channel) for customers who subscribe to the provider's analog service.
Roku is a great option these days. I bought one and hooked it up to the TV in my bedroom and it works fantastic. You need internet to run it, but atleast it cuts the cable bill out of the picture, and regardless, nowadays internet is practically a necessity. Theres different Roku "channels". i mostly use netflix and hulu, but cracke for example is 1005 free with no account needed.
Price: A premium account goes for $6.95/month and has unlimited access to all content as well as discounts on merch like plushies and shirts at the Crunchyroll store. The Fan Pack, which goes for $9.99/month, gets you Crunchyroll content plus funimation and simuldubs ad-free and in HD on VRV. Finally, for $14.99/month, the Super Fan Pack will give you all of the previously mentioned perks, plus free shipping at the Crunchyroll store and special access to events.
Both the EPG Jr. and EPG Sr. allowed cable operators to further customize their operation locally. Among other functions, the listings grid's scrolling speed could be changed and local text-based advertisements could be inserted. Each text-based advertisement could be configured to display as either a "scroll ad" (appearing within the vertically scrolling listings grid between its half-hour cycles)[2] or as a "crawl ad" (appearing within a horizontally scrolling ticker at the bottom of the screen).[3] If no advertisements were configured as "crawl ads," the bottom ticker would not be shown on-screen. The on-screen appearances of both the Jr. and Sr. versions of the EPG software differed only slightly, due primarily to differences in text font and extended ASCII graphic glyph character rendering between the underlying Atari and Amiga platforms.[4]
In terms of subscriptions, Acorn is an absolute must for anyone who wants to spend hours every day touring around quaint villages and gritty British city streets, enjoying gentle comedy and hard-hitting crime stories alike. But Netflix is also well-stocked with great BBC, ITV and Channel 4 productions, and Sundance Now has been expanding its overseas catalog. Get those three and stay diligent with your PBS app, which makes a lot of its "Masterpiece" productions available for free for a limited time after they air. You could also try BritBox, a streaming service from the BBC and ITV.


21 Rosemary Lane: A Front Porch to Welcome Spring!
Oh, I am loving the colors you put together on the porch. Lucky you to find free doors and the perfect color on top of that.
Your porch looks great, Barbara! I love that door ~ what luck finding free doors! The color suits your porch perfectly. It looks like a great place to sit morning, noon or night!
Just read the part about the doors with the free sign to the Mr. Sigh... how lucky!
I hope you will headed more south than where I am at in North Central Florida... we will be experiencing stormy weather... rain, thunder on Friday and Saturday! Hoping you will have wonderful sunny weather where you are headed.
Your porch is wonderful! Love the colors...everything is so welcoming. Our front porch is tiny so we decorate and enjoy the back.
Love the bright cheeerful colors. So pretty and welcoming.
Love the look. I've ordered a rug just like yours....in blue. Can't wait to get it and throw it on the porch. Hope it looks half as good as yours.
Dear Barbara, What a wonderful, warm and inviting job you did decorating the porch. I wish I was as good at decorating! and deciding colors.
Thank you for the inspiration... love your blog!
It looks adorable, l love all the greens! Now I want to go shopping! and paint something! and make some pillows!!
So fresh and welcoming for guests! Love the pastel pops of color you added.
Love the colors you have on your porch...what a beautiful entrance for all your friends. Thanks so much for sharing at NTT.
Love all your bright and fun fabrics and colors for your Spring front porch!!
Love the table with the chair,,,I have one like it but I think smaller, I'll have to try it either on my front or back porch! Love the colors too!
Front porches and back patios are great way for relaxation, family bonding and entertaining. Here I found some inspirational ideas. Thanks for sharing.


Ninja® ZX™-6R AB Continuing the Family Tradition of Dominance What's in a number? Only everything. Six percent may not sound like much, but it is the displacement advantage the 2014 Ninja® ZX™-6R ABS supersport has over the rest of the 600 cc class. This performance advantage began over a decade ago with the first 636, a revolutionary machine that blew-away the competition's 600's and won races against factory 750's on the track. The 2014 ZX-6R ABS continues family tradition of racetrack dominance and unmatched street cred with its physical embodiment of the family slogan: Performance Counts!
In Mode 3, the system functions like mode 2 under most conditions, but when excessive rear wheel spin is detected, Mode 3 switches to complete 3-way control of ignition timing, fuel delivery and intake airflow to regulate engine output to a level that allows the rear wheel to regain grip. By controlling the sub-throttles in the intake tract for precise torque management, a smooth and natural feeling can be attained: Mode 3 intervention and on / off transitions are very smooth to help maintain stability.
3-mode KTRC traction control combines the best elements of the Ninja ZX-10R S-KTRC and ZX-14R / Concours™14 KTRC systems.
Lightweight EK 520 RMX / 3D X-ring drive chain is very compact and uses lightening holes on the inner link plates to reduce weight.
Ultra-fine atomizing injectors help ensure complete air-fuel mixing and maximum combustion efficiency. Optimum tuning contributes to reduced emissions.
Single-bore intake funnels improve low-mid range torque. 2 different funnel shapes (outer are the same, inner are the same) help deliver optimized throttle response.
636 cc displacement uses a long-stroke to boost engine performance throughout the rev range. Low-mid range torque is especially impressive, and provides satisfying real world performance.
The F.C.C. clutch's "assist" cam acts like a self-servo mechanism, pulling the clutch hub and operating plate together to compress the clutch plates under load. This allows the total clutch spring count and pressure to be reduced, resulting in up to a 25 percent reduction in effort at the clutch lever.
Output at low rpm is the same in both modes, but "Low" mode limits peak engine output to approximately 80 percent and gives a milder throttle response. "Full" mode allows the full performance potential of the engine to be unleashed.
SFF-BP design offers much easier adjustability, by locating all adjusters in the caps at the top of the 2 fork tubes: preload on the left; compression and rebound damping on the right.
By accounting for back-torque, KIBS is able to offer increased rear brake control during downshifts. KIBS parameters include throttle position, clutch actuation and gear position, allowing the system to predict back-torque caused by trailing-throttle at high-rpm, or down-shifting. Rear wheel slip due to engine braking often triggers ABS action on standard systems, but by preventing unnecessary ABS intervention in these situations, KIBS helps enhance rear brake control.
KIBS is a multi-sensing system, using input from numerous sources. In addition to front and rear wheel speed sensors (standard for any ABS system), KIBS also monitors front caliper hydraulic pressure and data from the engine's ECU (throttle position, engine speed, clutch actuation and gear position).


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Ongpin hits SolGen for new evidence on insider trading case
Sep 1, 2016 7:30 PM PHT
'It shows that their evidence in the first place were lacking and did not warrant certainly imposing a fine on Mr Ongpin of P174 million,' the businessman's lawyer argues
MANILA, Philippines – The camp of Roberto Ongpin said the Office of the Solicitor General (OSG), which represents the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the insider trading case against the tycoon, should not be allowed to present new evidence as the 3-year prescriptive period had already lapsed.
In an interview after a closed-door hearing by the Court of Appeals (CA) 13th Division, Ongpin's lawyer Estelito Mendoza said the OSG should not be allowed to present new evidence against the embattled businessman, as the SEC has lost its right to go after Ongpin because of the 3-year prescriptive period.
"Prescribed na. 'Yun ang aming sinasabi. Ang prescriptive period ay 3 years lang kaya dapat agad-agad ang aksyon. Eh natulog eh," Mendoza told reporters.
(It's already prescribed. That is what we were saying. The prescriptive period is just 3 years so they should have acted on it immediately. Instead, they just slept on it.)
Mendoza added that the commission's decision is already with the CA.
Last July 8, the SEC had imposed a P174-million fine against Ongpin for allegedly committing 174 counts of insider trading.
Ongpin was accused of profiting from trading of Philex Mining shares on December 2, 2009 using insider information.
He elevated the case to the CA on July 22, seeking the issuance of an injunctive relief against the SEC ruling.
In response, the CA issued a 60-day temporary restraining order (TRO) that stopped the SEC from implementing its decision to impose a fine against Ongpin.
"Well, that is somewhat surprising. If they're trying to present new evidence, it shows that their evidence in the first place were lacking and did not warrant certainly imposing a fine on Mr Ongpin of P174 million," Mendoza said.
The lawyer was referring to the government's plan to attach an affidavit by First Pacific head Manuel V. Pangilinan, when it submits its comment on Ongpin's petition in 60 days.
Mendoza said Pangilinan's affidavit was not cited in the SEC en banc decision against Ongpin.
Based on the affidavit, the government is now claiming that Ongpin already had insider knowledge for a month before sealing the deal with First Pacific Company, Limited, to buy him out of Philex Mining Corporation.
The OSG said that based on Pangilinan's affidavit, "there was already a meeting of the minds" as early as November 2009 over First Pacific's plan to purchase Ongpin's Philex shares in order to increase its stake.
The OSG said this was a month before the SEC accused Ongpin of committing insider trading on the morning of December 2 by acquiring 45,964,500 Philex shares, through his company Golden Media Corporation, at a price of P19.25 to P19.50 per share.
The SEC insisted that it was an act of insider trading considering that the day before Ongpin's acquisitions, First Pacific made a tentative offer to buy him out for P21 a share.
It added that First Pacific and Ongpin only finally sealed their deal on the evening of December 2.
"In this case the complaint was filed nearly 5 years – more than 3 years that the action has prescribed," Mendoza said. – Rappler.com
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Headed Back To GHANA for "Year Of Return 2019"
Ghana, formerly known as the "Gold Coast," is conveniently located on the West Coast of Africa and is home to countless breathtaking adventures.
During our time in Ghana be prepared for a life changing experience as we visit slave dungeons and hear the stories of the last days for many Africans on the continent before taken on slave ships to the West. Walk through a tree-top canopy 100 feet in the air and eat, dance and get to know fellow Ghanaians on the beautiful Bojo or Labadi Beach.
Looking for more? Join us as we feel the midst of the largest waterfall in West Africa and travel to the Volta Region and Aburi Mountains to participate in our annual Outreach Community Program.
Take in Pan African lessons of W.E.B. Dubois, Malcolm X, Maya Angelou, Marcus Garvey, Kwame Nkrumah, Haile Selassie I and other legends at the W.E.B. Dubois Memorial Centre. Take time to relax and shop before ending your Ghanaian holiday.
After landing at the Kotoka International Airport, your private driver will transport you to your lodging in Accra.
Upon your arrival, we will welcome you to the Motherland with an authentic, Ghanaian cuisine before you settle in for the evening.
Today we will travel to Kumasi. Depending on our time of arrival into Kumasi we will either settle into lodging and enjoy a nice traditional meal or we will begin our adventurous day throughout Kumasi.
Kumasi is located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and serves as the land of Asantemen. Enjoy a day learning of the great works of Osei Kofi Tutu I, Okofomo Anokye, and the Ashanti Empire as it will serve as an introduction to Kumasi and Ghana.Additionally, we will view the Okomfo Anokye Sword and explore Besease traditional Ashanti shrine.
Today we will travel to Adanwomase and learn the Ashanti centuries-old craft of making Kente cloth.You will also have the opportunity to buy traditional Ghanaian cloth that you will provide to your personal tailor to make your traditional dresses in Accra.
Additionally we will travel to Lake Bosumtwi, surrounded by 30 villages and is the only natural lake in the Ashanti Region.Situated within an ancient impact crater, Lake Bosumtwi is known as a sacred lake.
Today you will spend your day traveling to Cape Coast where we will visit Fort Amsterdam, Cape Coast & Elmina Castle Dungeon and hear stories tracing the steps of African slaves last moments prior to their brutal voyage to the West. Afterwards, we will enjoy dinner over looking the ocean.
Today we will continue our voyage throughout Cape Coast and head to a canopy walkway in the middle of a forest. Brace yourself as you walk 100 feet in the air at Kakum National Park.
Afterwards we will rest and enjoy lunch on the coast at One Africa Guest Resort.
Prepare for your journey to Amedzofe where we will climb and witness amazing views of Mount Gemi. Afterwards, we will head to Mountain Paradise for dinner and lodging with a mountainous view.
Today you will travel to Wli Waterfalls, the highest waterfall in Ghana and West Africa.
We will continue the day with travels to Akosombo where we will check into our hotel and relax for the remaining of the evening.
Awake on the waterfront of your lodging at the Afrikiko Resort. Today you will have time to relax and take in the view of the Volta River. After brunch we will travel throughout the Volta Region learning the history of Volta Dam.
Today you will travel into the serene Aburi Mountains where you will visit Aburi Botanical Gardens and spend a couple of hours volunteering in the community of Aburi through our affiliate community outreach program.
Today we will travel to the W.E.B. Dubois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture to learn of the Pan African influence throughout the Diaspora.You will learn the missions of great leaders such as Dubois, Maya Angelou and Malcolm X, who traveled and lived throughout Ghana to witness the works of great Pan African leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah, Haile Selassie, Marcus Garvey, Julius Nyerere, Ahmed Sekou and others.
The second half of our day is made for relaxing as you will eat and join locals dancing and listening to music along Bojo (or Labadi) beach.
We will end the night on the rooftop at SkyBar Lounge.
Today is an day used to relax and have brunch at Coco Lounge.You can spend the day relaxing in Osu and shopping for souvenirs.
Wake up early for an early breakfast and take some time to reflect on your life-changing experience in Ghana, Africa.
After breakfast we will depart for Kotoko International Airport airport for your departure home.
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Here is where you'll find full warranty information and instructions on how to best care for your Obasan products.
Congratulations on the purchase of your new Obasan mattress, it will change the way you sleep. The first week or two will be an adjustment period. Like a new pair of shoes, the mattress needs to be broken-in. The covers will loosen a little bit, and your body and mattress will work together. We recommend not moving any layers inside the mattress during the first 30 nights of trial. After 30 nights, if a persistent discomfort comes back night after night, please call us or chat with us to discuss the issues. We can make an exchange of layers within the first 180 days. For further details on the Obasan comfort guaranty, please visit our warranty section. Enjoy your new Obasan mattress! We know you will love it!
Place your mattress on an Obasan foundation or an equivalent solid wood slat base. Slats should measure between 1-4 inches wide and be at a maximum of 3 inches apart. All Double, Queen, King and Cal. King mattresses should have a middle support, to ensure proper support of the wood slats. Consult with our customer service department if you are unsure about the support of your current foundation.
Protect your mattress with an Obasan mattress protector or with an equivalent mattress protector.
Do not install mattress directly on the floor, or on a solid platform. Your organic mattress needs to breathe properly.
Do not allow the mattress to get wet.
Do no wash any components of the mattress.
For spot cleaning, unzip the outer cover of the mattress and gently scrub with a light soap and very little water. Air dry.
Removable cover can be aired out seasonally.
Do not place mattress in direct sunlight or direct heat source.
Mattress cover is not washable.
Make sure that all legs provided are used to support the foundation correctly. If you don't use the legs, make sure that the foundation is on a sturdy bed frame with a center support for double/queen and king mattress sets.
Do not install the foundation without legs directly on the floor.
Do not allow the foundation to get wet.
Do not stand or jump on the foundation.
Crib base needs to be very sturdy in order to properly support the crib mattress as well as your child.
If your crib base is made of a solid plank of wood, please contact our customer service so we can help you make your crib base breathable.
Protect the mattress with an Obasan wool moisture pad or equivalent protection.
For spot cleaning, unzip the outer cover of the mattress and gently scrub with a light soap and very little water.
Removable cover can be aired out seasonally without the rubber core.
Mattress casing can be environmentally dry clean if needed. Obasan is not responsible for the outcome of dry cleaning the cover.
To freshen, air as needed outside.
Hand wash in tap cold water or machine wash in gentle cycle in tap cold water. Hang to dry (indoors).
Do not put in dryer. Obasan is not responsible for any shrinkage.
Machine wash in warm water by itself to keep from pilling. Machine dry on medium heat by itself.
Material is very stretchy. After drying the cover, place on the mattress and pull from corners to loosen fit.
Do not wash comforter. Spot clean if needed with a light soap and very little water. Air dry.
Air comforter twice a year by hanging outside in the fresh air. Place in direct sunlight.
The use of a comforter cover is recommended to keep your comforter clean.
To increase pillow loft, place the pillow in the dryer with two tennis balls, set dryer on air or the coolest setting.
Pillow loft can be adjusted by unzipping the pillow core and removing or adding wool. Filling can be messy – we suggest to do it over a kitchen sink (with drain plug in to avoid blocking sink) or outside.
Pillow case can be washed in cold water and hang to dry. Obasan is not responsible for any shrinkage.
Keep the pillow clean by covering it with a pillow case. Eliminate odours by sprinkling with baking soda.
Shredded rubber core is washable in cold water. Please ensure that the zipper is safely locked in place by clipping it with a safety pin to make sure the rubber filling does not come out of the case while washing. Hang core to dry on a breathable drying rack.
Pillow case can be washed in cold water and hung to dry. Obasan is not responsible for any shrinkage.
Pillow loft can be adjusted by unzipping the pillow core and removing or adding rubber. Filling can be messy – we suggest to do it over a kitchen sink with drain plug or outside.
Do not expose pillow to direct sunlight or direct heat source.
Keep the pillow clean by covering it with a pillow case.
The pillow inner core is not washable.
Pillow loft can be adjusted by unzipping the pillow core and removing or adding rubber. *Filling can be messy – we suggest to do it over a kitchen sink with drain plug or outside.
Pillow loft can be adjusted by unzipping the pillow core and removing or adding wool or shredded rubber. * Filling can be messy – we suggest to do it over a kitchen sink with drain plug or outside.
Machine wash in warm water with similar coloured fabrics.
Machine dry on Perma Press setting.
We make every effort to be sure we manufacture our organic products with only the very finest materials available. If, however, you discover a defect in your new product, simply contact us by phone or by e-mail. If a defect that is covered by this warranty is discovered during the period of the warranty, Obasan will repair or replace (at our option) the defective item within a reasonable period of time. Obasan reserves the right to refuse service and invalidate this warranty when, upon inspection, the sleep set is found to be in an unsanitary condition, or when the product failure is due to cause other than defective workmanship or materials. Obasan does not warrant that this product is suitable for any person's medical condition. Obasan makes no warranty beyond what is contained in below writing. Obasan does not cover any transportation costs. Warranty is awarded to the original purchaser of the product (not transferable); proof of purchase may be required if warranty registration is not completed.
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Warranty Terms: 3 years non-prorated.


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Bactria
ancient country, Central Asia
Alternative Titles: Bactriana, Zariaspa
Bactria, also called Bactriana or Zariaspa, ancient country lying between the mountains of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) in what is now part of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Bactria was especially important between about 600 bc and about ad 600, serving for much of that time as a meeting place not only for overland trade between East and West but also for the crosscurrents of religious and artistic ideas. Bactria's capital was Bactra, also called Bactra-Zariaspa (modern Balkh, Afghanistan). Bactria was a fertile country, and a profusion of mounds and abandoned water channels testifies to its ancient prosperity.
ancient Greek civilization: The conquest of Bactria and the Indus valley
By the middle of 330 Darius had been killed—not by Alexander but by his own entourage. Alexander now adopted symbolic features of Persian…
The first written records of Bactria are Achaemenian. The region was probably subdued by Cyrus II the Great in the 6th century bc and remained an Achaemenian province for the next 200 years. When Alexander the Great defeated Darius III, the Bactrian satrap, Bessus, tried unsuccessfully to organize resistance in the East. Upon the death of Alexander (323 bc) Bactria passed under the rule of Seleucus I Nicator.
About 250 bc either Diodotus, the Seleucid satrap of Bactria, or his son of the same name founded an independent kingdom. The Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great defeated their successor, the usurper Euthydemus, but continued to recognize his independence. Euthydemus's successors advanced into the Hindu Kush and northwestern India, where they established the Indo-Greek branch of the kingdom. At the height of their power they ruled almost all of what is now Afghanistan, parts of Central Asia, and a large area in Pakistan. Consequently, Hellenistic influence on the culture of Central Asia and northwestern India has been considerable. Hellenistic traditions are especially evident in art, architecture, coinage, and script.
Sometime before 128 bc Greek rule north of the Hindu Kush was challenged by a people known to the Chinese as the Yuezhi. By 128 bc the Greeks had become Yuezhi tributaries, and soon afterward the Yuezhi occupied Bactria. They probably were an Iranian people and included the Tocharoi, whose name was subsequently applied to the whole area (Tocharian kingdom). In the 1st century ad the new rulers of Bactria extended their rule into northwestern India; that movement is associated with a group known as the Kushāns, under whom the country became a centre of Buddhism. In the latter half of the 4th century the Hephthalites (originally a tribe of the Yuezhi) settled in Bactria, and for almost two centuries they engaged in wars with the Sāsānians. In ad 565 the western Turks overthrew the Hephthalites and ruled the area until the Muslim conquest in the middle of the 7th century.
By the middle of 330 Darius had been killed—not by Alexander but by his own entourage. Alexander now adopted symbolic features of Persian royal dress, but one of Darius's noble followers (and murderers)—Bessus, the satrap of Bactria—also proclaimed himself king.…
India: Indo-Greek rulers
A later Bactrian king, Demetrius (reigned c. 190–c. 167 bce), took his armies into the Punjab and finally down the Indus valley and gained control of northwestern India. This introduced what has come to be called Indo-Greek rule. The chronology of the Indo-Greek rulers is based largely…
ancient Iran: The movement of Iranian peoples
…an Iranian people who invaded Bactria about 130 bc, putting an end to the Greco-Bactrian kingdom there. (In the 1st century bc they created the Kushān dynasty, whose rule extended from Afghanistan to the Ganges River and from Russian Turkistan to the estuary of the Indus.) Finally, the Parni, a…
Antiochus III the Great
Eucratides
Achaemenian dynasty
Zhang Qian
Euthydemus
Diodotus I
Diodotus II
ancient Iran
Yuezhi
Hephthalite
Livius - Bactria, Asia
Fact Monster - History - Bactria, Central Asia
The History Files - Bactria
Iran Chamber Society - History of Balkh


A student who didn't write any thesis paper before will face few problems while writing thesis paper. But the significance of thesis writing is that thesis paper plays key role to complete and get your undergraduate, MA or PHD degree from the institution or university. For completing the degree in which the student is admitted, whatever it is MA, MBA or PHD and starting a new professional life writing a thesis paper is the fundamental requirement that he or she have to fulfill. The students studying in MA, MBA or PHD gets confused about how to start and from where they have to collect information and from where they should start and why they should ask for help from professional thesis writing service.
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HP has disclosed a scope of new gadgets for organizations in India, including the HP EliteBook 800 scratch pad arrangement and HP ZBook 14u/15u versatile workstations.
HP EliteBook 800 highlights eighth era Intel Core vPro processors, with up to 15 hours of battery life and HP Fast Charge to charge 50 percent of the battery in only 30 minutes. The HP EliteBook 830 G5 replaces the past HP EliteBook 820 G4 with a 13″ screen in a 12″ note pad profile.
There's additionally the HP EliteBook 840 G5 which is the world's most slender 14-inch business scratch pad with eighth era Intel Core processors and discrete illustrations. The two note pads incorporate AMD RX540 discrete illustrations for designs escalated workloads and coordinated effort applications.
The new HP ZBook 14u/15u versatile workstations brandish eighth era Intel Core Quad Core Processors with vPro innovation and AMD Radeon Pro designs. The HP ZBook 14u G5 is the world's most slender workstation at only 17.9 mm.
There's likewise the recently revived HP ZBook 15u G5 that highlights Intel Core i5 and i7 Quad Core Processors with vPro innovation, AMD Radeon Pro 3D Graphics, and up to 2 TB with the HP Z Turbo Drive fast stockpiling.
The amusement has changed and standard issued corporate gadgets of the past never again address the issues of the workforce without bounds, especially among Gen X to Gen Z experts. Our most recent EliteBook and ZBook offerings set new guidelines for outline, execution, and usefulness. Regardless of whether it's the world's most slender gadgets or the business' most hearty security highlights, HP is reclassifying the business PC encounter for the cutting edge workforce.
Alongside HP Sure View, HP Sure Click, Windows Hello, discretionary protection camera, and HP Multi-Factor Authenticate, the EliteBook 800 arrangement and ZBook 14u/15u additionally incorporates HP's Endpoint Security Controller. This inserted equipment controller is a piece of HP's implicit, not rushed on, security arrangement that screens, ensures and recoups the BIOS, the working framework, and basic applications in case of an assault. As per the organization, HP Endpoint Security arrangements additionally reinforce the organization's initiative position as the world's most secure and sensible PCs and portable workstations.
The HP EliteBook 830 G5 is accessible at a beginning cost of ₹97,000, the HP EliteBook 840 G5 for ₹95,000, and the HP EliteBook 850 G5 for ₹97,000 on www.hpshopping.in. Both the HP Zbook 14U and the HP Zbook 15U will be accessible April onwards at a beginning cost of ₹97,000.


text:
Aimia rejects bid for Aeroplan Program
The rejected proposal would have ensured all Aeroplan Miles be transferred into Air Canada's new loyalty program.
Air Canada, The Toronto-Dominion Bank, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, and Visa Canada Corporation recently announced that Aimia Inc. has rejected their proposal to acquire its Aeroplan loyalty business disclosed on July 25, 2018. The parties had set a deadline of August 2, 2018 for Aimia to accept the proposal.
The proposal would have ensured value and continuity for Aeroplan members as well as customers of Air Canada, TD, CIBC and Visa. It would have also allowed Aeroplan Miles to transfer into Air Canada's new loyalty program in 2020.
Aimia has since annouced new partnerships with Porter Airlines, Air Transat and Flair Airlines.


text:
The Woman In The Window (Masters of Cinema) Blu-ray edition Blu Ray
Eureka Entertainment to release THE WOMAN IN THE WINDOW; Fritz Lang's mysterious, melodramatic film-noir starring Edward G. Robinson and Joan Bennett, as part of The Masters of Cinema Series for the first time on Blu-ray in the UK on 20 May 2019. One of legendary director Fritz Lang's first noir films, The Woman in the Window is also rightfully considered one of the most important examples of the genre, a landmark movie that became one of the initial representations of noir first singled out by French critics after WWII. A triumph for Lang, legendary writer/producer Nunnally Johnson (The Grapes of Wrath), and leading man Edward G. Robinson (shedding his earlier gangster roles to portray a love-struck obsessive), the film remains a classic American nail-biter. Robinson is Richard Wanley, a successful psychiatrist biding his time while his wife and children are on vacation when he encounters beautiful Alice (a radiant Joan Bennett), who bears an uncanny resemblance to the subject of a portrait he had just admired. When Richard and Alice retire to her home, her wealthy, jealous boyfriend intrudes, and is killed after a struggle. Alice convinces Richard to cover up the crime, but as Richard's district attorney friend (Raymond Massey) investigates and the boyfriend's bodyguard (Dan Duryea) begins to apply pressure to Richard, the walls begin to close in... With a surprising climax years ahead of its time, The Woman in the Window is suspenseful film noir at its most seductive, while also serving as an excellent companion piece to the following year's Scarlet Street, which reunited Lang with Robinson, Bennett, and Duryea in strikingly similar roles. For anyone even remotely interested in film noir, The Woman in the Window is mandatory viewing, and The Masters of Cinema Series is proud to present it in its UK debut on Blu-ray. Blu-ray Features: 1080p presentation on Blu-ray LPCM audio (original mono presentation) Optional English subtitles Brand new and exclusive video essay by critic David Cairns Feature Length Audio Commentary by Film Historian Imogen Sara Smith, author of In Lonely Places: Film Noir Beyond the City Original theatrical trailer PLUS: A Collector's booklet featuring new essays by film journalist and writer Amy Simmons; and film writer Samm Deighan; alongside rare archival imagery
from£14.95 | RRP: £N/A
Released 20 May 2019
Directors Fritz LANG
Actors Edward G. ROBINSON, Joan BENNETT
Publisher Eureka Entertainment
Runtime 99 minutes
More DVDs Directed by Fritz LANG
Human Desire (Masters of Cinema) Dual Format (Blu-ray & DVD) edition
Ministry of Fear - Limited Edition Blu Ray
Secret Beyond The Door
More Titles Starring Edward G. ROBINSON
Stranger, the
The Stranger (Dual Format - Blu-ray & DVD)
More Titles Starring Joan BENNETT
The Reckless Moment (Limited Edition)
Enter your review of The Woman In The Window (Masters of Cinema) Blu-ray edition. We will post your review within a day or so as long as it meets our guidelines and terms and conditions. All reviews submitted become the licensed property of www.find-dvd.co.uk as written in our terms and conditions. None of your personal details will be passed on to any other third party.


The band has two full length recordings to their credit. Their self-titled debut album (2013) has garnered radio airplay across Canada, and their second album Rove and Go (2016) has become even more widespread, being added at over 30 stations across Canada and tracking at #65 on CKUA's top-played albums for 2016. The band is currently writing original material (latest single "The Fallen Man's Daughter" – release date October 19th, 2018) and will release a full-length album of primarily original material in 2019.


By age six, Claire Sedovic knew she wanted to be an illustrator. Growing up in a family that prized creativity and a good bedtime story, she developed a strong appreciation for the interplay of words and pictures. Childhood experiences such as visits to the zoo and botanical garden continue to provide inspiration for her work today.
In 2015 she graduated from Drake University in Des Moines, IA with a BFA in Graphic Design. Originally from St. Louis, MO, she currently resides in Des Moines. Odd Animal ABC's is her first children's book.


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text:
Q: Django variables in
A: Django expects a value or variable, not a statement with the yesno builtin, hence the parsing error.
You should go with the easier solution that HenryM already mentioned -
var submitted = {% if variable.state == 5 %}true{% else %}false{% endif %};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Visor de obras.
Opciones de navegación
IV Centenario Don Quijote de la Mancha
Cervantes : Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America
Selecciona una palabra y presiona la tecla d para obtener su definición.
—[28]→ —29→
Romance and Novel: Idealism and Irony in La Gitanilla
E. Michael Gerli
La Gitanilla es una obra que la crítica tradicionalmente clasifica como una de las novelas ejemplares «idealizadas» de Cervantes. A pesar de esta tendencia exegética, un escrutinio de los temas, las situaciones, la estructura de la obra revela que hay fuertes notas irónicas que desmienten su concepción idealizada. En ella, Cervantes pinta un mundo idealizado solamente en la superficie. El resultado es una visión problemática de la realidad llena de ambigüedades y dilemas morales. En La Gitanilla hay un desplazamiento estético más hacia la novela moderna, la cual se caracteriza por la representación de una realidad problemática, que hacia la narrativa del romance, género típicamente idealizado.
La gitanilla is traditionally viewed from the perspective of romance. Critics tend to consider it as one of Cervantes' «idealistic» works because it tells a tale of love and adventure; it is organized around a test/quest motif; the characters portrayed are more psychological archetypes than individuals; the resolution is serendipitous, involving chance, coincidence, and sudden recognition; and, finally, because it is related in an elevated verbal style that often lapses into song and poetry. Frank Pierce, for example, best represents this critical tendency when he remarks that La Gitanilla is «a romance in that it illustrates the victory of true love». This thematic judgment leads him to conclude that the work is an «enchanting fantasy... of love and marriage, of constancy and forgiveness»16. Yet, while all of this is so, it is so largely only on the surface. The romance elements singled out by the majority of the critics are usually viewed in isolation and do not take stock of the manner in which they are organized within the work and how they are mirrored in situations which undermine their superficial idealism.
E. C. Riley has recently argued for the comprehensive and pervasive «coexistence in Cervantes's prose fiction of two basic kinds of narrative» -novel and romance- and for «the likelihood that Cervantes did not evolve definitively towards one preferred form but —30→ to the end of his days was liable to write in either vein or in some combination of the two»17. A close scrutiny of the content and structure of La Gitanilla reveals just such an interaction of both novel and romance. The surface idealism of the story's romance motifs is checked by a subterfuge of irony which establishes a more realistic and essentially ambiguous vision of events. Theorizing upon the nature and development of fiction in early modern European literature, Harry Levin cites the pronounced contrasts characterizing Spanish society during the Renaissance as essential reasons for the appearance and perfection of the novel in Spain. Speaking of Cervantes, Levin believes that his perception of social tension provided him with a unique opportunity for perfecting a type of irony «which plays appearance off against reality and highlights contrast between the ideal and the real» and which is typical of the novel.18
The juxtaposition of the ideal and the real is central to the structure and narrative technique of La Gitanilla. There is in it a kind of situational irony that implicitly sets off words and occurrences against each other while ultimately leaving any judgment of values up to the reader. Contrast, irony and ambiguity seem paramount in the narrator's mind from the outset of La Gitanilla. Playfully alluding to the deceptive nature of appearances and the perils of generalizations, the narrator's diction proves a warning to the careful reader on the nature of the artifice which is about to unfold: «Parece», he says, «que los gitanos y gitanas solamente nacieron en el mundo para ser ladrones»19. As Karl-Ludwig Selig remarks concerning this narrative gambit, the introductory parece serves to distance the «the intense pile-up —31→ of repeated commonplaces about gipsies» in order to create a «state of non-reality»20. Indeed, from the opening words of the story, the narrative is fraught with misrepresentation and cunning illusion designed to defraud the careless reader while leaving the attentive one with a sense of awe and satisfaction as he discovers the work's intricate complexity, its subtle reversals, ironic contrasts, and parodic nuances.
Although when closely examined the interaction of novel and romance, irony and idealism, are pervasive in La Gitanilla, the phenomenon is most succinctly presented through a discussion of the work's major themes. Contrary to prevailing critical opinion, the major themes of La Gitanilla are neither love, marriage, nor constancy, but moral freedom, spiritual nobility, and honor based on the observance of Christian principles and the exercise of conscience. Under the guise of a romance dealing with love and adventure, Cervantes tells a novelistic tale in which his characters in order to define themselves must contradict the very romance archetypes from which they spring. While they are originally conceived in a romance mold, they simultaneously stress their individuality through action and volition in order to become internally motivated characters who confront dilemmas in manners determined by their particular experience and circumstance. Characters who are expected to perform in a stereotypically literary fashion act in ways that do not conform to the stereotype; the reader's preconceptions are undermined by situations which affirm them only on the surface. While evoking the major elements of romance, in La Gitanilla Cervantes subtly shifts perspective clearly displacing his tale toward the morally ambiguous, highly individualized realm of the novel.
In romance character is archetypically defined and never developed in any real sense. It is often determined by pre-existing conditions surrounding the protagonist's birth. Despite his mysterious origin and apparently low social status, for example, the youthful Amadís proves noble for no other reason than his hidden noble birth. His personality and actions, like those of all characters and actions in romance, are preordained by a providential scheme which determines who he shall be and what he shall do21. Recognizing just such a —32→ pattern, in La Gitanilla Cervantes deceptively leads the reader into the theme of predetermined character when he announces that the gypsies all seem to have been born in order to be thieves. This sets into focus the complex contradiction which he is about to develop. Although Preciosa is the paragon of gitanerías, she is through her discretion, chastity, and honesty an apparent deviation from the stated norm. Her actions, while at once incorporating the wit and liveliness of a gypsy, do not wholly conform with our expectations that all gypsies are thieves. The clue to her exceptional condition is tantalizingly offered in the narrator's observation that «la crianza tosca en que se criaba no descubría en ella sino ser nacida de mayores prendas que de gitana, porque era en extremo cortés y bien razonada» (p. 4), a statement which, as we shall see, is implicitly denied through action and circumstance at the end of the work. The narrator's comment offering the possibility of Preciosa's concealed nobility leads the reader habituated to the patterns of romance to expect a celebrative ending in which the little gypsy's hidden noble birth shall be revealed and her apparently contradictory virtues justified. However, as the attentive reader notes when finishing the work, this is a false hope deliberately established by Cervantes in order to present a character conceived in individuality who inhabits a world morally much more complex than the world of romance. In the end, Preciosa's noble lineage is indeed revealed, but she proves noble not by reason of her parents' privileged social status, but by virtue of the «cierto espiritillo fantástico» (p. 38) which shapes her values and her actions. She is a character who takes control of her destiny and, while doing so, challenges all preconceived notions the reader might have about her.
In the end, Preciosa's declared patrimony is undermined by the actions of the very ones who are supposed to represent it. The entire episode of her restoration to her «noble» origins must be viewed ironically and in the light of a sequence of images and declarations concerning justice and nobility set down by both her grandmother and the narrator. Preciosa's rejection of the cien escudos offered by Andrés, for example, prompts the grandmother to comment upon the gypsies' use of treasure to bribe the corrupt officers of justice:
¿Cien escudos quieres tú que deseche?... ¿Y si algunos de nuestros hijos... cayere, por alguna desgracia en manos de la justicia, habrá favor tan bueno que llegue a la oreja del juez y del escribano, como destos escudos si llegan a sus bolsas? Tres veces por tres delitos diferentes me he visto casi puesta en el asno para ser azotada, y de la una me libró un jarro de plata, y de la otra una sarta de perlas, y de la otra cuarenta reales de a ocho... Mira niña, que andamos en oficio muy peligroso... Por un doblón de dos caras se nos muestra alegre la triste del procurador y de todos los ministros de la muerte
(pp. 44-45).
Linked by the ambivalent image of riches, which stands at once as a metaphor for Preciosa (she is repeatedly described as a preciosa perla and a rare piece of jewelry) and the corruptibility and venality of the world that, through the exercise of personal virtue, she transcends, the passage provides a clear prefiguration of the grandmother's encounter with the corregidor. Moved neither by Preciosa's appeals to mercy or to charity that they might free Andrés of the charges of murdering the mayor's nephew, her father is only disposed to listen when the grandmother enters with the coffer containing the jewels Preciosa wore when abducted as a child:
Volvió la gitana con un pequeño cofre debajo del brazo y dijo al Corregidor que con su mujer y ella se entrasen en un aposento; que tenía grandes cosas que decirles en secreto. El Corregidor, creyendo que algunos hurtos de los gitanos quería descubrirle, por tenerle propicio en el pleito del preso, al momento se retiró con ella y con su mujer en su recámara....
(pp. 114-15).
In the end, then, it is not the gypsy girl's appeals to mercy and justice that move the corregidor and his wife to listen, but the simple prospect of a bribe. The talismans leading to Preciosa's restoration are ironically subverted, suggesting her parents' venality and ignobility while setting into parodic focus one of the venerable motifs of romance -the serendipitous discovery of hidden noble birth. If Preciosa is noble, she is so not by patrimony but by virtue of conscience and her desire to be so. Her parents' respectability proves an illusion which conceals an ignominious reality.
Through the interaction of conscience and resolution, Preciosa forges her own identity, affected neither by the demonic realm of the gypsies nor by the venality and superficiality which shape her parents' world. She is an individual who through her essential freedom breaks down the literary expectations and stereotypes of romance. She possesses an inner spiritual life which sets and determines the course —34→ of her actions, while she perceives the world as a product of her experience. In short, though conceived from the matter of romance, she belongs to the tradition of idiosyncratic characters who populate the novel. Her virtue springs from within, is shaped by personal conviction, and is grounded in reality.
Preciosa's lover is similarly conceived in irony, paradox, and ambiguity. When he is introduced to us, the narrator relies once again on the effects of appearances and first impressions in order to create false expectations and dupe the careless reader into wrong conclusions. The emphasis lies clearly on the exterior reality. The young man's clothes and his own self-righteous pride provide the only evidence of his worth. He is described simply as «un mancebo gallardo y ricamente aderezado de camino. La espada y daga que traía eran, como decirse suele, una ascua de oro; sombrero con rico cintillo y con plumas de diversas colores adornado» (p. 35).
A cautionary clue to the irony is provided through the narrator's self-imposed limits when he recounts the young man's words upon introducing himself to Preciosa: «Soy caballero, como lo puede mostrar este hábito», he says, while revealing the cross of a military order on his breast. «Soy hijo de Fulano -que por buenos respetos aquí no se declara su nombre», he continues, evoking the same pompous dignity which prevented the teniente from listening to the entirety of Preciosa's recital of the ballad of St Anne, «por no ir contra su gravedad» (p. 17). Parodying the ludicrous sense of self-importance exhibited by the youth, through indirect discourse the narrator has him repeat again to Preciosa his name while mischievously withholding it from the reader in order to underscore the sham of a respectability based on name alone:
Mi nombre es éste -y díjoselo-; el de mi padre ya os le he dicho; la casa donde vive es en tal calle, y tiene tales y tales señas; vecinos tiene de quien podréis informaros, y aún de los que no son vecinos también; que no es tan escura la calidad y el nombre de mi padre y el mío, que no lo sepan en los patios de palacio, y aun en toda la corte
(p. 37).
However, before his name can ever be revealed, Preciosa's response to his advances compels him to abandon the very identity which confers such honor and adopt the clearly ironical gypsy name of Andrés Caballero. The implication of this onomastic paradox is clear: honor and respectability are not the products of birth or social station. They are the result of the interaction of conscience, will and a natural disposition toward good which all men must discover within —35→ themselves, as Preciosa implies when responding to Andrés' suit (p. 38). Society's acceptance of a nobility based solely on birth and its ratification in romance are subverted.
The irony of a noble gentleman's transformation into a gypsy named Andrés Caballero is compounded at the end of the story where it is the youth's outward respectability which leads to the restoration of order and to his exoneration of a murder that he did in fact commit. All of which, of course, leaves in precarious doubt La Gitanilla's surface idealism while casting a pall of serious moral ambiguity on the mind of the reader who has not been deceived by the tale's outward conformity to the patterns of romance. It is not until Andrés recovers the talismans of his nobility, the hábito de caballero left back at the inn, that he once again can claim the name don Juan de Cárcamo and ceases to be the «ladrón homicida» (p. 118) to which the judge alludes. The recovery of his habit is accompanied by the recovery of the immunity of privilege. Thus legitimized in the eyes of a society which only speaks of nobility and justice, Don Juan may now marry Preciosa while those who share his prerogatives are free to overlook his crime:
Rompióse el secreto, salió la nueva del caso con la salida de los criados que habían estado presentes; el cual sabido por el alcalde tío del muerto, vió tomados los caminos de su venganza, pues no había de tener lugar el rigor de la justicia para ejecutarla en el yerno del Corregidor
(p. 127).
Indeed, his desire for vengeance satisfied by «la promesa de dos mil ducados», the dead man's uncle, himself an alcalde, drops the charges, and the treasures of romance are once again ironized and shown to be what they really are -the instruments for the imposition of an order that at its center is essentially corrupt.
The often real dichotomy of nobility and virtue is brought home in a contrast of the songs sung by Preciosa, all of which collectively provide a microcosm of the work's major ideological concerns. In the Romance de Santa Ana, which Rodríguez Marín erroneously labels an «empanada teológico-poética de... escaso mérito» (ed. cit., p. 8, n. 19), Cervantes underlines the possibility of the existence of spiritual nobility amidst rustic simplicity. Indeed, St. Anne's humility and simple origins provide «el estudio / donde vuestra Hija / hizo humildes cursos» (p. 9). She is portrayed as the moral preceptor of the Virgin, who in turn passed on her inner strength to her son. The ballad's major thematic thrust is to state that divinity is humility's reward, for now Anne sits amidst the celestial court:
Y agora a su lado,
A Dios el más justo,
Gozáis de la alteza
Que apenas barrunto
(p. 9).
The virtuous simplicity of the family of Christ, King of Kings and source of all true spiritual nobility, is contrasted sharply with the pomp and fatuousness of the court of Phillip III, described in Preciosa's ballad celebrating Margarita de Austria's misa de parida. The allusions to the royal family in the latter are not by chance couched in terms of pagan and, specifically, Roman mythology and metaphor evoking images of a corrupt world order that is the antagonist of the Christian ideal. Although Margarita de Austria and her son hold forth the promise of redemption, as Alban Forcione notes22, the hope proves ephemeral since we are constantly reminded through allusions to martyrdom and Christian persecution («En esto se llegó al templo / Del Fénix que en Roma fue abrasado, y quedó vivo / En la fama y en la gloria», [i. e., St. Lawrence], p. 15) of the incompatibility of empire and Christian piety. By pushing ceremony into ostentatious absurdity, Cervantes makes us perceive ironically the moral emptiness of the trappings of authority. The subversion of the scene can be appreciated in the ballad's last verses. Directing her prayers to the Virgin, the Queen, exemplar of virtue amidst a profusion of moral corruption, implores divine guidance for the King, and with this Preciosa notes that:
Acabada esta oración,
Otra semejante entonan
Himnos y voces que muestran
Que está en el suelo la Gloria.
Acabados los oficios
Con reales ceremonias,
Volvió a su punto este cielo
Y esfera maravillosa
The vision of a Christian queen who returns to a court which has been implicitly equated to the pantheon of the pagan gods casts an ironic perspective over the figure of Margarita: though a pious woman who embodies virtue, she remains the lone representative of Christian ideals in a spiritually corrupt context.
While the images of the court offered by Cervantes are fraught with moral contradiction, his presentation of the country also portrays a world conceived in conflict and governed by opposition and the deception of appearances. Contrary to the expected Arcadian vision of man's life in community with nature, gypsy life in La Gitanilla projects a picture half-way between the pastoral and the picaresque, half-way between the ideal and infamous polarities of romance. The gypsies' outward bucolic existence is undermined by a counterpoint of jealousy, violence, incest, and carefree delinquency. The reader's initial expectations of perfection are spoiled by the realities of passion, wantoness, and theft. Although explicitly contrary to the world of the court where the thirst for honor governs all human action («No nos fatiga el temor de perder la honra, ni nos desvela la ambición de acrecentarla, ni sustentamos bandos, ni madrugamos a dar memoriales, ni a acompañar magnates, ni a solicitar favores», the gypsy elder informs Andrés, p. 69), gypsy society is far from its wholesome antithesis. Indeed, Andrés places the gypsies into ironic perspective, refusing to embrace their thieving ways, while Preciosa quietly rebels against conformity to their statutes by invoking the most imperative law of all, «la ley de mi voluntad» (p. 71).
Both court and country life in La Gitanilla represent essentially problematical worlds where neither virtue, vice, nor truth are wholly absolute. As Cervantes portrays them, the latter are the consequence of moral choices made by characters who, though they may live in either the court or the country, are virtuous or vicious by reason of their individual selves. As such, Preciosa's and Andrés' restoration to the world of the court provides only a superficial affirmation of their future happiness and raises the possibility of doubt regarding their lasting moral integrity. Indeed, as Julio Rodríguez-Luis implies, Preciosa's liberty, the very source of her spiritual integrity, is denied through the resolution, for as soon as she is transformed into the well-born, well-dressed Doña Costanza, the strong, vigorous and pert little gypsy becomes a silent, submissive and demure member of society who speaks only when spoken to23. Under the guise of a celebrative ending typical of romance, and complete with a return to origins, Cervantes implicitly suggests the existence of enduring perils —38→ to their freedom of conscience, the very source of their moral virtue. Despite a moralizing ending and the narrator's assurances of a happy resolution, there is no guarantee of the couple's living happily ever after.
In La Gitanilla the plots, characters, landscape, and motifs of romance are ironically subverted through contrast with a subtly crafted vision of a cynical world presided over by the type of petty passion, abuse of privilege, and prosaic venality we associate with the realm of the novel. By means of the interplay of idealism and irony, Cervantes continually points to the disparities between literary norms and the realities of experience. The result is that he constantly defrauds the careless reader while rewarding the careful one with the deep sense of moral ambiguity his work actually portrays. Relying on his reader's familiarity with and expectations of romance, he plays with and subtly destroys our literary preconceptions. For some, La Gitanilla remains an inspirational tale full of moral idealism; for those who perceive its ironic nuances and counterpoints, it is a novel which depicts a world fraught with moral dilemmas and ethical uncertainties. It is, in fact, a complex work of art built upon the interaction of irony and idealism, of reality and fantasy, of novel and romance.
Ir a las notas


I think Jan OK2PDT may have logged some summits as KR when they were PA. I have tried to find an email address to contact him. If any one else can let him know of the error. Hans PB2T who is activating the summits with him has them correct.
Excuse my mistake. I have already corrected.
Damian, if you were not aware, there is a PM (private message) facility in this forum software. You can click on the Avatar (the picture or big letter that appears by any post anybody makes) then click on the blue message button (with an envelope icon). From there you can write a private message to that person. You can also bring extra people into the message and have your own private threads.
If someone sends you a message you get a number on a green background by your own avatar to let you know how many notifications you have. If you set up your options then you can also get the message emailed to you.
Somehow I missed the fact that this facility was available. Perhaps a sticky post highlighting this might be appropriate?
There's a ton of features that few people use. Whenever your mouse pointer changes you can click the object underneath and find a whole world of features to play with.


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Katie Hounslow
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1988, Canadian Securities Course, Honours
1980, LL.B., University of British Columbia
1979, Bachelor of Commerce and Business Administration, University of British Columbia
2000, Bermuda
1981, British Columbia
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Member, Canadian Bar Association
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Former Member, Securities Law Advisory Committee, of the British Columbia Securities Commission
Former Executive Member, Securities Section, Canadian Bar Association, British Columbia Branch
Sharon White, Q.C., is a partner of Richards Buell Sutton LLP and advises a diverse client base in matters of strategic and economic importance to them.
Sharon is the Chair of the Real Estate Development Group of Richards Buell Sutton LLP, and past Chair of the firm's Securities and Corporate Finance Group.
In her law practice, Sharon advises a mix of clients, both public institutions and for profit corporations, including publicly traded companies and those who are thinking of going public. Matters include commercial real estate, business acquisitions, financing, and other business related matters. She also advises commercial clients on a variety of special projects undertaken by them. These projects have involved a number of parties in unique collaborations, each with their own unique challenges. Sharon is readily available and accessible to her clients to help them identify and manage their risks and negotiate and structure their transactions to a successful conclusion. Given her broad range of experience, she is able to bring a strategic and innovative approach, and provide targeted tactics and solutions, to assist clients in achieving their goals and objectives.
Sharon is the past Chair of the Securities Section of the BC Branch of the Canadian Bar Association and also a former member of the Securities Advisory Council of the BC Securities Commission. She is a former director of Partnerships BC, a company owned by the Province of BC which is responsible for bringing together ministries, agencies and the private sector to develop projects through public private partnerships. Sharon was also a former director of Farm Credit Canada, a federal Crown Corporation with assets under management in excess of $28 billion.
Sharon was named a Queen's Counsel in 2011.
In 2014, she was named to the Power 50 list of the most influential figures in Vancouver published by Vancouver Magazine. She was also selected to the Worldwide Who's Who for Executives, Professionals and Entrepreneurs in 2014 and named a Top Female Executive, Professional and Entrepreneur. In 2015, Sharon was named as one of The Most Influential Women in BC by BC Business Magazine.
Sharon provides legal services through Sharon E. White Law Corporation.
REPRESENTATIVE CLIENT WORK
Institutional real estate – Long term ground leases for rental housing and leasehold strata property projects
Institutional real estate – subdivision of land to transform a neighbourhood within the City of Vancouver
Acting for developer of major real estate mixed-use project: hotel, retail, office, strata property
Acting for borrowers in financings for income properties and strata property developments
Acting for vendor in sale of an interest in a significant portfolio of seniors homes
Merger of two real estate marketing companies
Acting for proponent pursuant to an RFP for accommodation facilities of an oil sands project
Advising party on decision making process with respect to a Metro Vancouver by-law
Sale of a junior exploration mining company through a plan of arrangement to a major mining company with concurrent spin-out of a new publicly listed company
Formation of capital pool companies through to qualifying transaction
Going private transaction to an international technology company
Reserve takeout to acquire international mineral interests with concurrent financings
Creation of limited partnerships and concurrent offerings to acquire real estate, oil and gas, and investment interests
President, BC Liberal Party
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Former Chair, Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, Vancouver
Former Director, BC Association of Child Development and Rehabilitation
Former Member, Red Door Housing Society
Former Past Member, BC Breast Cancer Foundation Awareness Day Committee
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Former Director, Partnerships BC, which provides project management to the Province of BC and is responsible for developing projects for public private partnerships
Former Director, and Chair, Corporate Governance Committee, Farm Credit Canada, Canada's largest provider of business and financial services to primary producers and agribusiness operators, with a portfolio in excess of $28 billion and over 100 offices located across Canada
Former Director, FreshXtend Technologies Corp., a former TSX Venture Exchange listed company involved in development and commercialization of life extension technologies for the fresh produce and flower industries
Former Chair, Securities Section, Canadian Bar Association, BC Branch
Former Director and Secretary, Vancouver Enterprise Forum, which promotes emerging and developing technologies through monthly forums
Former Officer, Mount Dakota Energy Corp., a TSX Venture Exchange listed company, involved in the development of oil and natural gas properties
Former Director, Silent Witness Enterprises Ltd., a Toronto Stock Exchange listed company, involved in the research, design and manufacture of video – surveillance equipment
Former Member, Public Service Commission, Province of British Columbia
Former Member, Court of Revision, Court #1, School District #39, City of Vancouver
Sharon has been recognized by Best Lawyers® in the area of Real Estate Law for the 2018 and 2019 editions. Inclusion in this publication is based entirely on peer-review.
Sharon E. White's Recent Activity
RBS Tees Up for 20th Annual Century Group Delta Health Classic Golf Tournament
Taking place on June 13th, the Vegas-themed tournament is dedicated to improving the health of those who live and...
RED Talks Vancouver Brings Together Real Estate Leaders for the City's Present, and Future
RED Talks Vancouver's Demographic Collision, a speaker series which recently took place on city life and urban ideas, was...
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In preparation for the new school year, one of the things that parents may fear most is an empty wallet. Whether it is school supplies or new clothes, these costs can be a substantial blow to your finances, leaving you feeling completely broke. Fortunately, there are a variety of ways you can successfully manage your money without spending a good amount of money.
Purchase the basics. Instead of spending extra money on pre-decorated items, such as colorfully-patterned pencils and folders adorned with their favorite cartoon characters, buy the basic ones and have your children decorate these items themselves. They can use markers, stickers, and even photographs you already possess.
Take advantage of the sales. School supplies typically go on sale at every store or supermarket prior to the beginning of the school year. You could also look for coupons in store flyers and online.
Don't purchase brand new clothes unless it is necessary. You can start by going through your children's closets, noting what still fits and what needs to be discarded. It is imperative to do so before shopping, so you can just buy what you need. Make sure you begin your search at thrift stores, garage sales, and even online stores that sell used clothes. However, if uniforms are required, check to see if the school has a uniform exchange or used uniform sale.
Get food in bulk. If you children are going to be taking their lunches to school, buying in bulk is the best course of action. Knowing what you will be preparing five days a week can make it easier, and it saves you money. Avoid purchasing prepackaged foods, but buy bags or boxes of what they enjoy and separate them on your own using sandwich bags.
Request a discount. If you child is planning on participating in any extracurricular activities require fees, you could always ask the teacher or instructor if they have any discounts available. If enrollment fees are a concern, see if they can be paid in installments.
For more information about our legal services, contact Bruce W. White, P.C. for more information today.


WEST PALM BEACH, Fla.-- You can help spread happiness during the holidays by dropping off a new, unwrapped toy at the WPTV studios between 7 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. Friday December 7, 2018.
WPTV is located at 1100 Banyan Boulevard in downtown West Palm Beach.
You can also take your toy donations to any Braman Motorcars.
The donated toys will be distributed to local children in need through the United Way of Palm Beach County and its partner nonprofit organizations.
Drop off a new, unwrapped toy to one of the following locations by Dec. 7.
WPTV - 1100 Banyan Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL 33401 - Daylong drop-off event at WPTV studios on Dec. 7 from 7 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.