Try telling a kid today about having to read through all 32 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica when you were a kid, and they will race off to the computer and use their favourite search engine to find out what it was, and what it contained. Now, the entire 32 volumes, along with the "bonus" set and anniversary editions can all fit on one DVD ROM, or one high-storage volume data stick. Never has one thing had more of a profound effect on education, other than the creationist theory of evolution than the Internet.
The Internet gives a child the entire knowledge of the human race at their fingertips (well, the information we allow them to know!). The Internet allows a student to research a subject thoroughly, use proper accreditation, format and add pictures to their essays and papers. The students can sit and type into their laptops along with the teacher, as opposed to having to try and write longhand what information the teacher is writing on the chalkboard, or, more likely, is displaying on the monitor. They can then save the information, and use the portions that they do not understand, copy and paste it into a search engine, and presto! Instant tutoring!
Problems with calculus? No problems, there's an Internet site for that. Hard time with Algebra? The Internet again. Can't remember which countries border Afghanistan for that paper on whether the war in the Middle East is justifiable or not? Yup, the Internet again. Unless you are attending some hyper-advanced school, there just is nothing taught in a middle school, high school or college course that can not be found on the Internet. Twenty years ago, there was not so much information on that information highway, though, and this new generation is the first to fully use the Internet in the education field.
Students not only find information and learn mathematics from the Internet, it also allows them instant access to all of their friends who are online at the same time. Without constant supervision, the teacher can not be sure what their students are doing anymore. It used to be easier for them, they just looked down the classroom's aisles. Now the students are all hidden behind their monitors, typing away. There are spying programs that record each keystroke and website visited while the students are connected to the Internet, but that is after the fact.
With WiFi connectivity, students can even connect to the Internet over their cellular telephones, and can send and receive text messages, pictures, streaming live video and music straight to their cell phones and listen to them on earphones that are so small an inattentive teacher would never see them. Makes for easy cheating, which makes testing students a more rigorous adventure, especially if they are given computers with Internet access for their test taking.
All of a sudden, learning is more about being able to surf the Internet than about remembering the periodic table of elements.


text:
Q: Kotlin cant change button properties I have a problem with changing the properties of a button in Kotlin. That is only in one function, it works fine in all others. It is weird because I can change the properties of a TextView in that function.
Here is the function:
override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {
    val body = Klaxon().parse<API_result>(response.body!!.string())

    //setting these textView texts is no problem
    findViewById<TextView>(R.id.windSpeed).text = (body?.wind?.speed?.times(3.6)).toString() + " km/h"
    findViewById<TextView>(R.id.temperature).text = body?.main?.temp.toString() + " C"
    findViewById<TextView>(R.id.airPressure).text = body?.main?.pressure.toString() + " hPa"

    //changing button text is not working and crashes the app
    findViewById<Button>(R.id.fillOutForm).text = "Test"
}

Here is the whole file:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    lateinit var fusedLocationProviderClient: FusedLocationProviderClient
    private val client = OkHttpClient()
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        fusedLocationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this)

        fetchLocation()
    }

    private fun fetchLocation(){
        val task = fusedLocationProviderClient.lastLocation
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
            ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, arrayOf(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION), 101)
            return
        }
        task.addOnSuccessListener {
            if(it != null){
                apiRequest(it.latitude, it.longitude)
            }
        }
    }

    private fun apiRequest(latitude: Double, longitude: Double){
        var url = "https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?lat=" + latitude + "&lon=" + longitude + "&appid=...&units=metric&lang=en";
        val request = Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .build()

        client.newCall(request).enqueue(object : Callback{
            override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {
                return
            }

            override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {
                //code from above
            }
        })
    }
}

data class API_result(
    val main: main?,
    val wind: wind?
)

data class main(
    val temp: Double?,
    val pressure: Int?
)

data class wind(
    val speed: Double?
)

Before the app crashes, the button text gets updated correctly. If I remove the "button-line", the app works perfectly fine. I really don't know why that happens. It seems like only just TextViews are working in this funciton, because I just also tested it with Password and Email (which are also Texts) and a Switch. It worked in non of these cases.I also recognised that I can access the xml element (e.g. the button) in that function without any problem, but I just cant set the properties of it.
For example, I can do this
findViewById<TextView>(R.id.someText).text = findViewById<Button>(R.id.someButton).text

but not this
findViewById<Button>(R.id.someButton).text = "exampleText"

Stacktrace:

I hope you can help me! Thanks for your help in advance!

A: I guess the issue here is that you are accessing the UI objects from a non UI thread and this is causing the issue. Accessing UI Element from a non UI Thread causes undefined behavior.

If you try to modify or even reference a UI object in a thread other than the main thread, the result can be exceptions, silent failures, crashes, and other undefined misbehavior.

You can read more about it here
To fix this problem you need to access the UI objects from a UI thread as below. Also its not good to do findViewById<TextView>(R.id.someText) inside the onResponse as you are sure that the UI objects are always there. Instead initialize them inside the onCreate and access the reference variable everywhere.
lifecycleScope.launch {
        withContext(Dispatchers.Main){
            textView.text = "sometext"
            button.text = "sometext"
            //and so on
        }
    }

if you don't have coroutines in your project
runOnUiThread(Runnable {
        textView.text = "sometext"
            button.text = "sometext"
            //and so on
    })

There is also a similar question and answer here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CUZZ BLUE
Home / News / Girls feel unsafe using school restrooms after district quietly implements trans policy, 100 local clergy members and parents allege
Girls feel unsafe using school restrooms after district quietly implements trans policy, 100 local clergy members and parents allege
January 07, 2023 - News
Concerned parents and a group of 100 local clergy members alleged that an Ohio school district quietly implemented a controversial transgender restroom policy without notifying parents — and since then, female students have felt unsafe using the facilities.
Parents with children at Shelby City Schools noted that they were unsure when the restroom policy changed because there was no public notification. Parents only know that, at some point, the district began allowing students to use restrooms that correspond to their preferred gender identities.
After learning about the policy change, several parents rallied to request that the district reverse the rule, citing concerns over privacy and safety.
A diverse group of local clergy members, led by Pastor Anthony Cooper of Life Church, penned a Dec. 14 letter to the district, urging it to reverse its restroom policy.
In the letter to Superintendent Tim Tarvin, the clergy noted that parents had "compiled statements from at least ten different female students who feel unsafe using school restrooms."
According to the letter, one mother alleged that a biological boy forced her daughter to hug him against her will in a restroom and that her daughter is afraid to go to school since the alleged incident.
The clergy members claimed that Tarvin had even confirmed that "three transgender girls at school use the girls' restrooms."
The clergy members called on the district to return to the restroom policy requiring students to use the restrooms and locker rooms that correspond with their biological gender.
"It is our expectation School Administration have a zero-tolerance policy to incidents of misconduct in school restrooms, locker rooms, and showers," the clergy members wrote. "As clergy, we will not sacrifice the safety and privacy of children on the altar of political correctness."
A 12-year-old girl outlined her concerns to the school board during a December meeting: "I do not want to walk into a restroom and be scared about who I will see in there."
"Girls spend more time in the restroom and are more vulnerable," she added.
Despite community concerns, the district stated that it had no plans to reverse the transgender restroom policy.
"The board must make decisions based on legal, moral, financial, and public relation considerations," School Board President Lorie White said. "We have to make decisions based on things beyond our personal convictions. There are no plans to change the process now. We want to work with your cisgender students as well as our transgender students. So please, please don't be afraid to give us a call and talk to us about our processes."
Following the district's decision, Cooper told Fox News Digital that he was "really devastated about what is taking place."
"We're finding out that many of them won't even go to the bathroom all day long because they are afraid to go to the restrooms," he said, adding that "we have found out the kids are scared to say anything. It doesn't do any good. And so they're not listening to the children."
"We're not against the LGBT community," Cooper added. "There's no hate here whatsoever. We want our community to be safe. We want our kids to be safe. It's not really about church. It's not really about the adults. It's about keeping our kids safe."
Girls feel unsafe using school restrooms after district quietly implements trans policy, 100 local clergy members and parents allege Reviewed by CUZZ BLUE on January 07, 2023 Rating: 5
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text:
Private riot: soccer rivalry brewing between Glenlyon and St. Andrew's
In the hallway outside GNS' Rockland gymnasium, a student has put red ink to the headline of a news story mounted on the bulletin board
Nov. 8, 2012 10:00 a.m.
Too often in the past four years has Glenlyon Norfolk School's soccer success been referred as a big accomplishment for a small school.
So much so, that in the hallway outside the gymnasium of Glenlyon's Rockland campus, a student has put red ink to the headline of a news story recently mounted on the bulletin board.
The would-be editor's comments?
"Enough with the 'little.'"
Therefore, let the fall of 2012 be remembered for the showdown between the established Glenlyon Norfolk Gryphons, and the new kids on the block, the St. Andrew's Sabres.
Yes, it's true. The respective single-A soccer programs draw from less than 81 students in grades 11 and 12. But the Gryphons have arguably been the city's best soccer program the past five years. And now the Sabres are ringing the same bell, having gouged the Gryphons last week for a berth in the Nov. 14 city final Colonist Cup against the defending champion Lambrick Park Lions.
"St. Andrew's is a very strong team and I wouldn't be surprised if they won the Colonist Cup," said Gryphons coach Hugh Williams.
The Sabres and Gryphons played each other four times in the past month, with each winning twice. The Sabres won in league play and in the Colonist Cup semifinals. The Gryphons won in the gold medal final of both the Island and provincial A championships.
Though the Gryphons' season is now over, they can take value from winning the provincials.
"It's a pretty good way to end the season," Williams said.
On Saturday the Gryphons jumped ahead in the what-have-you-done-for-me-lately contest versus the Sabres, beating their private school rivals 3-1 in the final of the Victoria-hosted provincial A championship at UVic. Sabres coach Mark Cristante had predicted the Sabres and Gryphons might meet in the final of the 16-team tournament.
"We're two very evenly matched teams but also two very different teams," Williams said.
"St. Andrew's has very strong players in key positions, where (the Gryphons) are a bit more balanced in their positions."
It's the fifth provincial A championship in the past eight years for the Gryphons, which does not include last year's AA provincial title. But missing out on a rematch with Lambrick in the Colonist Cup final was a heartbreaker for his team, Williams said.
"After three straight years (in the Colonist Cup), we kind of thought we were an automatic."
Last Saturday's provincial A gold medal match started out in the Sabres favour when Calvin Paterson scored in the eighth minute. The Gryphons replied with goals from Liam Shillington, Jason Bradbury and Rhys Fletcher-Berna.
Runner finishes icy cross-country race with one shoe
School rowing growing, results from city championships


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text:
Woodling
KU's lost scholarships significant
By Chuck Woodling
From my chilly vantage point at the Kansas University soccer field, I could see Parrott Complex, the stronghold of Kansas Athletics Inc.
It was Sunday afternoon and I thought perhaps fireworks might be showering the skies above the building or bells tolling, or maybe some other form of celebration denoting a red-letter day in KAI history.
Then again, how often do you hear of a university announcing it is no longer on NCAA probation?
Kansas officially departed the NCAA's doghouse on Sunday, or three years after the august body's infractions committee saddled KAI with a handful of sanctions that — face it — most of you have long since forgotten.
In the wake of Saturday's spotty Big 12 Conference football opener against Iowa State — or the day before the three-year slap ended — it might be worth revisiting a couple of those penalties.
As you know, the Jayhawks' defense against an offensively challenged Iowa State team, was full of cracks, so much so that coach Mark Mangino went so far as to say he knew back in April it was only a matter of time before the defense would be "exposed."
In nearly four decades of covering KU football, I don't think I ever heard a more candid comment from a coach, particularly in this day and age when the atmosphere around major-college programs is so close-to-the-vest they won't even divulge injury specifics.
At the same time, coaches rarely make excuses, either, particularly about injuries because they are, in truth, part of the game.
Sometimes a coach is fortunate with injuries and sometimes he isn't. Back in 2004, for example, Mangino was forced to use four different starting quarterbacks in four straight games because his QBs were falling like bowling pins.
Yet Mangino's current QB, statistically the greatest in a century-plus of football on Mount Oread, has been uncommonly durable. Todd Reesing may not throw bullets — in fact, most of his passes wobble — but he has been virtually bullet-proof.
Anyway, back to those penalties. As part of the 2006 NCAA probation, Kansas was docked three football scholarships for both last year and the year before last. That's six grants out of 50, or 12 percent.
Now 12 percent may not sound like much, but when you throw in the inevitable attrition caused by injuries, departures and recruiting mistakes, then you have compounded your inability to fill crucial positions in the future.
Obviously, there is no definitive way to determine if those six lost scholarships are the reason KU's defense is struggling, but when we hear Mangino talk about using different schemes rather than changing personnel … well, that just tells me he's already using the best players he has with the skills to play on the defensive platoon.
I don't expect to hear Mangino bellyaching anytime soon — or ever, for that matter — about the half-dozen scholarships he was docked.
However, since those players would be sophomores or juniors today, assuming they weren't red-shirted, to suggest the six absentees haven't had an impact may be naive.
Woodling: Probation may sting KU yet
Texas prep in mix at QB
Kansas Football Notebook: Mangino plans to retain assistants
Billy Derringer 10 years, 3 months ago
i think this story is incomplete, thats it, i thought it was starting to get interesting and then the story is over? i thought we were going to look at this more indepth o well. How about basketball team how has the lost scollys hurt them? well just incomplete if you ask me, this was a tease...... it could of been a good article.
tennesseest 10 years, 3 months ago
Agreed, talk about only scratching the surface....
lost scholarships always hurt. Look at how long it is taking Miami to recover from theirs.
Since the shortcomings of the piece have been mentioned already, I'll just say I found it informative, or at least a timely reminder of the handicap under which the program has been operating. I can't help to think that the Mangino team, successful already, will be that much more formidable going forward.
OCJHAWK 10 years, 3 months ago
MinnesotaJay - my thoughts exactly. I thought we were done last year on the missing scholies. I saw that we didn't have very many to give this year in a previous article. Does anyone know how many we have to offer (give) this year? We have been stuck on 13 commits for a long time, which makes me thing MM and Co are being choosy. I say this since nine of the twelve HS recruits are nationally ranked at there position.
i don't know. of course it hurts to lose scholarships, but to definitively say it's the reason why our defense had a bad game vs a league opponent, is a big stretch.
i mean, how many guys do we have playing special teams, or arent' playing at all because we gave them a scholarship, and they haven't lived up to billing, or have been hurt?
schools use to be able to offer 120 scholarships, and KU didnt' commit big resources to football, and Alabama, OU, NU and Penn St. used to stockpile all the players....you can't have it both ways.
Either you target and sign the right kids, or you develop the ones you have....did NU's defense stink two years ago, because they didn't have enough scholarships?
It wasn't just losing schollys, it was also the fact that we were limited to the number of schollys we were able to offer JUCO kids. I think it was 3 maybe 4 players per year or something like that. With the hit and miss on JUCOs, it will be nice to be able to bring in 5 or 6 at a time. Please don't go the ksu route though and bring in 18. LOL
glad to know we're out from under it....and we thrived! best 3 years of ku football ever. weird, huh?
" in fact, most of his passes wobble"
This is why we shouldn't let people from Mizzou write about KU. That is the dumbest thing I've heard. Most of his passes are not wobbly. Most of them are darts. If they wobbled as much as you say they do, it would be really easy for the secondary to break on them. Don't you think?
buckleyhawk 10 years, 3 months ago
I wouldn't say most of his passes wobble, but some of them certainly do. It really doesn't matter...stats don't lie. He is statistically, and in general, the greatest quarterback to ever play at ku (granted i only have 15 to 20 years of jayhawk football knowledge, but i know ku has never been this consistently good under another).
The article does give a nice little reminder of what mangino and company has been able to do short-staffed, however much you think 12% is short-staffed. It's pointless to play the what-if game (except to realize that you don't ever want to loss schollies in the future)...but it should remind jayhawk fans that mangino, the coaching staff and the AD at large has done a pretty good job of keeping ku football good for the longest period of time in the history of college (historians feel free to correct).
greatabu 10 years, 3 months ago
One problem with your thesis Chuck; KU didn't have 50 scholarships to hand out over those two years before the probation. We signed 22 in 2007 and 20 in 2008. Why only 20 in 2008? Because we were up against the 85-man total scholarship limit. We couldn't sign anymore even if we had wanted to. Even if we had signed 25 in 2007, then we could only have taken 17 in 2008. We had 42 scholarships available over that time and the NCAA limited us to 44. That way the NCAA can say they came down on us, but in reality it had zero impact on our recruiting numbers.
Joseph Kuebel 10 years, 3 months ago
GREATABU - Great point further pointing out and rendering this article completely useless, wholly, and not thought out in the sense of 1. Only starting to scratch the surface and 2. The face that we wouldn't haven' recruited anyone anyways so it has had zero effect!
LOL! WOW GOOD ONE CHUCK! What a joke it's been on here lately.


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Södertörn University, School of Communication, Media and it, Swedish language. Södertörn University, School of Social Sciences, The Academy of Public Administration.


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Abstract The present invention relates to a room temperature cured single-component organic silicon/epoxy resin encapsulating material after being activization-treated and modified with nanometer SiO2-x. The said encapsulating material contains modifier 0.3-4.5%, hexyl silicate as cross-linking agent 2.1-2.3%, low-molecular weight polyethylene wax and/or phthalate as plasticizer 1.4-1.7%, white carbon black as reinforcing agent 0-0.4% and assistant 0.1-0.3%. With the features of simple preparation process, room temperature curing, and short curing period, the encapsulating material may be used for encapsulating electronic and electric devices such as organic electroluminescent device (OELD), etc.


text:
Q: How to fix count down problem Java using counter I'm trying to create a code that uses a counter to countdown from int n.
I'm able to count up just fine, but when I execute the code, it does not countdown at all.
Does anybody know whereabouts I went wrong?
public void countUp(int n) {
        System.out.println("*** Counting up " + n);
        for (int step = 1; step <= n; step++) {
            System.out.println("counter = " + currentCount);
            currentCount += 1;
        }
    }
    public void countDown(int n){
        System.out.println("*** Counting down " + n);
        for (int step = 1; step >= n; step--){
            System.out.println("counter = " +currentCount);
            currentCount -= 1;
        }
    }

A: public void countDown(int n){
    for (int step = n; step >= 0; step--){
        System.out.println("counter = " + step );
    }
}

A: This is because countDown() function is not running at all because of the condition step>=n the condition is never satisfied unless n==1.
I don't know what value is exactly present in the variable currentCount considering it is n so just change the loop parameter to the following:-
for (int step = n; step >= i; step--)

Hope this help.


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text:
Q: Algorithm to force decidability of statements using an intuitionistic series of new axioms Say that a set $\Phi$ is a finite set of statements in
Peano arithmetic is meekly consistent if it contains no
"inner,immediate" contradiction, i.e. for any statements $\alpha,\beta$, it does not contain
any of $\lbrace \alpha,\neg{\alpha} \rbrace$, $\lbrace\alpha\wedge\beta,\neg{\alpha}\rbrace$,
$\lbrace\alpha\wedge\beta,\neg{\beta}\rbrace$, $\lbrace\alpha\vee\beta,\neg{\alpha},\neg{\beta}\rbrace$, $\lbrace\alpha,\alpha\Rightarrow\beta,
\neg{\beta}\rbrace$, $\lbrace \alpha,\beta,\neg{\alpha\wedge\beta} \rbrace$, $\lbrace \alpha,\neg{\alpha\vee\beta} \rbrace$,
 $\lbrace \beta,\neg{\alpha\vee\beta} \rbrace$ or $\lbrace \forall x \alpha(x),\neg{\alpha(c)}\rbrace$
where $c$ is a constant. Thus for example
$\lbrace\alpha,\alpha\Rightarrow\beta,\beta\Rightarrow\gamma,\neg{\gamma}\rbrace$ is meekly consistent
but not consistent in the usual sense.
Consider pairs $(\Phi,n)$ where $\Phi$ is a meekly consistent finite set of statements in
Peano arithmetic and $n$ is an integer. Say that $p'=(\Phi',n')$ is an
elementary intuitionistic extension of $p=(\Phi,n)$ iff either $n'=n+1$ and
$\Phi'=\Phi$, or $n'=n$ and $\Phi'=\Phi\cup \lbrace \phi \rbrace$ where
-$\Phi\cup\lbrace\phi\rbrace$ stays meekly consistent.
-$\phi$ satsifies the intuitionistic constraint : if $\phi$ is of the form
$\exists x \alpha(x)$, then $\alpha(k)\in\Phi$ for some $k\leq n$.
Next, say that $p'$ is an intuitionistic extension of $p$ if there is
a chain of elementary intuitionistic extensions starting with $p$ and ending with
$p'$. We call $p$ accessible from $A$ (or $A$-accessible for short) when it is an intuitionistic extension of
$(A,0)$, where $A$ is a finite set of axioms (or provably true statements) of
Peano arithmetic.
For a finite set $\cal F$ of statements in Peano arithmetic, we say that
$\cal F$ is decided by $p=(\Phi,n)$ iff $\Phi$ contains $\phi$ or $\neg\phi$
for any $\phi\in{\cal F}$.
If we do not worry about effectiveness, it is obvious that for any $A$, any $\cal F$
is decided by some $A$-accessible $p$ : use "Skolemization" and for any true
existential statement $\exists \alpha(x)$ in $\cal F$, simply walk up the integers
until you encounter a witness $i$ satisfying $\alpha(i)$. Once you have done
that for each one of them, the intuitionistic constraint becomes vacuous for all
true statements, so you can finish by inserting all the true statements in $\cal F$, along with the negations of the false statements in $\cal F$.
It is quite another matter to ask if there is a computable algorithm that produces
an $A$-accessible $p$ deciding $\cal F$, from any given $\cal F$ and $A$.
Intuitively all the obstacles to such an algorithm comes from logical connections
between statements in the finite set $\cal F$, and we should be able to
enumerate those obstructions in finite time, so such an algorithm should exist. I don't
know how to turn that intuition into a proof however.

A: What I find strange in your definition is that you don't ask that for formulae $\phi$ meekly consistent to be "satisfied" by $\Phi$. What I mean is for $\phi=\alpha\vee\beta$ you ask only that $\neg \alpha\notin\Phi$ or $\neg\beta\notin \Phi$ but you don't ask that $\alpha\in\Phi$ or $\beta \in \Phi$.
So I think that you can trivially build an accessible $p$ for any set $F$ of statements in Peano arithmetic. I show this by recurrence on the number of statement in $F$:
$F=\{\phi\}$: two cases either $\phi\in A$ and then $p=(A,0)$ decide $F$, or $\phi\notin A$ then $p=(A\cup\{ \neg \phi\},0)$ is an elementary intuitionistic extension of $(A,0)$ and $p$ decide $F$.
Assume now that one can build an accessible $p=(\Phi,n)$ for any set $F$ of $k$ statements in Peano arithmetic.
Let $F=F'\cup\{\phi\}$ be a set such that $F'$ contains $k+1$ statements in Peano arithmetic. Let $p=(\Phi,n)$ be such that $p$ is accessible and $p$ decide $F'$ (it is computable by hypothesis).
Either $\phi\in\Phi$ and then $p$ decide $F$. Or $\phi\notin\Phi$ and thus $p'=(\Phi\cup\{ \neg \phi\},n)$ is an elementary intuitionistic extension of $p=(\Phi,n)$ and thus is accessible and $p'$ decide $F$.
Hence for any (finite) $F$ you can build an accessible $p$ such that $p$ decide $F$.


text:
Development • Legal and Parliamentary Affiars
ERC hails progress towards electoral transparency
Tawanda Chimhini
The Election Resource Centre (ERC) – an independent electoral management body, has welcomed progress made by the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) towards enhancing transparency.
In a statement, the ERC welcomed Statutory Instrument 85 (S.I. 85) of 2017 that was gazetted by ZEC on the 21st of July 2017 which outlines new voter registration regulations ahead of the 2018 harmonised elections, and provides nine fundamental provisions for voter registration namely; proof of identity and citizenship, proof of residence, registration offices and centres, procedure for registration, control of persons in premises used for registration of voters, voters' rolls, inspection of voters' rolls, certification of voters' rolls, provision and cost of voters' rolls and maps.
"The ERC asserts that the statutory instrument contains a number of progressive clauses that provide a fundamental step in the right direction. However, the ERC has identified various grey areas that require clarity from ZEC considering that some issues such as strong oversight mechanisms towards enhancement of transparency, accountability, and credibility of electoral processes remain outstanding. Notwithstanding that the regulations provide clarity on administrative procedures for voter registration, they fall short in ensuring that election stakeholders witness this clarity when implementation is taking place, hence they are inward looking," ERC said.
Through the regulations, ZEC emphasises that citizenship is a key determinant to one's eligibility to register as a voter, thus listing the national identity document (metal or plastic), a green waiting pass and a valid Zimbabwean passport as only documents acceptable for proof of identity. Documents which may constitute proof of residence are also clearly laid down in the regulations including "residence affidavits" by persons who might fail to obtain residence documents. Punitive measures on those who make false statements on their affirmations for residence are indicated. Further, the regulations clarify that interested citizens are allowed to apply for any copy of the voters' roll through the ZEC Chief Election Officer (CEO), while costs for purchasing voters' rolls at polling station, ward, constituency and national level are laid down. Following ZEC`s take-over of the voter registration function from the former Registrar General of Voters, the voter registration regulations designate all ZEC offices at national, provincial and district level to become registration centers and provide for possible set up of non-permanent mobile registration centers, among other provisions contained in the regulations.
The ERC contends that the voter registration regulations are progressive to a large extent but their implementation in fulfillment of principles of voter registration is hampered by lack of clear mechanisms for stakeholder participation and oversight. Fundamentally, this dampens the integrity of electoral processes as transparency and accountability mechanisms are not enshrined in the regulations.
The ERC urges ZEC to provide:
1. Clarity on location of district voter registration centers – The regulations lack necessary emphasis on time and days when registration offices and centers shall be open to the public. The clause gives little detail, but leaves it to ZEC discretion. The ERC therefore expects that the district registration centers will be permanent and tied to the continuous nature of voter registration in accordance with Section 17A of the Electoral Act.
2. Clarity on addressing issues of access by persons with disability, infirm and the elderly who might be unable to visit ZEC designated registration offices and centres. Further, the ERC requires clarity on the procedure of registration for persons with disability. Such individuals might not have limbs for finger prints or are visually impaired. Leaving this to administrative discretion by the Voter Registration Officer defeats the principles of inclusivity and access to voter registration.
3. Clarity on the role to be played by police during voter registration process. The ERC seeks a defined role of the police in this process as such silence opens for potential conflict in the event that the police is later included to be present at voter registration centres. The ERC reiterates that the police have no administration role in electoral processes, their role must be confined to maintenance of law and order.
4. Clarity on misuse of information obtained from voter registers by members of the public during inspection. In particular the regulations should state whether the information may or may not be used for campaign activities of political parties and candidates, for police investigations or for commercial and other purposes.
5. Clarity on the administrative process to be undertaken by the Commission in both compiling the voter register and subsequent measures of ensuring accuracy of the compiled voters' roll. That data cleaning and compilation process must be open to stakeholder scrutiny. However the regulations are not clear as to the expected degree of involvement in the compilation process by citizen observers, political parties or the media. Transparency mechanisms need to be enhanced during the process of compiling the voters' roll.
6. Facilitates "ease of registration" for citizens of Zimbabwe, formerly deemed "aliens" owing to situations where at least one of their parents is of foreign descent, who could have failed to regularize citizenship due to varying constraints. ZEC`s acceptance for former "aliens" to register must be premised on the Constitution of Zimbabwe which already recognizes them as citizens. One`s enjoyment of constitutional rights must not be undermined by administrative obstacles.
"Amidst such progressive adjustments to the regulatory framework for voter registration, the big question that remains unanswered is;"where are the observers and election agents?"as ZEC administers electoral processes. Clearly the oversight role of observers and political party poll watchers is obscure."
electoral transparency ERC hails progress ZEC
Adolescents still face sexual inequalities
WED Zimbabwe celebrates female inventors


Video: Can Imran Khan save Pakistan's crumbling economy?
Pakistan's economy survives on bailout packages from global organisations like the IMF and World Bank, and allies like China and the US. PTI's chief Imran Khan, who is about to secure power from the previous government, now has an uphill task ahead to bring back the country's economy on the path to recovery. Watch BusinessToday.In video on the challenges that Imran Khan will face when he assumes office.


text:
De Gouverneurspolder is een polder ten noordwesten van Sluis, behorend tot de Sluisse- en Zwinpolders.

De polder, gelegen ten noorden van de Robbemoreelpolder, werd in 1716 bedijkt. De polder is 47 ha groot en vermoedelijk genoemd naar de Gouverneur van Sluis.

De polder wordt begrensd door de Wallen van Sluis en de Weg om den Paspolder.

Polder in Sluis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Julisch Venetien (italienisch Venezia Giulia, slowenisch und kroatisch Julijska Krajina) ist eine historische Region an der Oberen Adria in Mitteleuropa.

Die Region wird im Norden von den Julischen Alpen und im Süden vom Golf von Triest und dem Kvarnergolf begrenzt. Sie umfasst das Einzugsgebiet des Isonzo, das Karsthochland im Hinterland von Triest, die Halbinsel Istrien, die Stadt Fiume/Rijeka und einen kleinen Teil von Dalmatien (die Stadt Zara/Zadar, die Inseln Cherso/Cres und Lussino/Lošinj in der Kvarner-Bucht sowie die Inseln Cazza/Sušac, Lagosta/Lastovo, Pelagosa/Palagruža und Saseno/Sazan in der Südadria).

Der Begriff Julisch Venetien wurde 1863 von dem italienischen Linguisten Graziadio Ascoli vorgeschlagen, wurde aber erst 1921, nach der Machtergreifung der Faschisten in Italien, dort offizieller Sprachgebrauch zur Bezeichnung der Gebiete im Nordosten Italiens in den Nachkriegsgrenzen. Bis 1918 war der damals zu Österreich gehörende Landstrich als Österreichisches Küstenland (italienisch Litorale austro-illirico, slowenisch Primorje) bekannt. Im Italienischen wurde der Begriff Venezia Giulia schnell dominierend, während sich im Slowenischen und Deutschen die ältere (und bis zum Ende der Habsburgermonarchie amtliche) Bezeichnung hielt. In Slowenien bezeichnet Primorska bis heute eine slowenische Region, während Julijska Krajina auch weite Teile der italienischen Region Friaul-Julisch Venetien umfasst. Beide slowenische Bezeichnungen enthalten keine Verweise auf Venedig oder das Veneto.

Heute verteilt sich Julisch Venetien auf die Staaten Italien (ehemalige Provinzen Gorizia und Triest in der Region Friaul-Julisch Venetien), Slowenien (Primorska) und Kroatien (Gespanschaft Istrien und Teile der Gespanschaft Primorje-Gorski kotar). Das Gebiet mit einer Fläche von ca. 9.850 km² hat etwa 1,1 Millionen Einwohner. Wichtigste Stadt ist bis heute Triest, dessen Funktion als wirtschaftliches und kulturelles Zentrum der Region allerdings stark unter der 1945/1946 vollzogenen Teilung gelitten hat.

Hans Goebl hält den Begriff Julisch Venetien für grob irreführend. Seine weite Verbreitung stelle einen Propagandaerfolg des italienischen Irredentisten Ascoli dar. Der Begriff suggeriere, dass das gesamte so bezeichnete Gebiet zu Venedig, also zu Italien gehöre (bzw. gehören müsste). Tatsächlich habe die Stadt Triest sich bereits 1382 "in durchaus anti-venezianischer Absicht" dem Habsburgerreich angeschlossen und habe diesem durchgängig bis 1918 angehört.

Geschichte
Bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg gehörte Julisch Venetien zu Österreich-Ungarn. Durch den Vertrag von Saint-Germain 1919 wurde das Gebiet an das Königreich Italien angeschlossen. Verwaltungsmäßig wurde das Gebiet in die Provinzen Görz, Triest, Pola (Pula) und Zara (Zadar) geteilt. 1924 kam noch die Provinz Fiume (Rijeka) dazu.

Zum damaligen Zeitpunkt war das Gebiet je ungefähr zur Hälfte italienisch und slawisch besiedelt. Dabei konzentrierte sich die italienische Bevölkerung auf die größeren Städte und die Küstenorte, während das Karsthinterland hauptsächlich von Slowenen (im Norden) und Kroaten (im Süden) besiedelt war. Die massive Italianisierungspolitik des Mussolini-Regimes in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren mit ihrer systematischen Verfolgung der slawischen Bevölkerung führte einerseits zur Auswanderung von zehntausenden Slowenen und Kroaten nach Jugoslawien, andererseits zum Widerstand der militanten slowenisch-kroatischen Untergrundorganisation TIGR.

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg vereinbarten Briten und Amerikaner mit Jugoslawien in der Übereinkunft von Duino am 10. Juni 1945 eine Teilung des Gebiets entlang der Morgan-Linie in eine britisch-amerikanische und eine jugoslawische Besatzungszone und besetzten das ihnen jeweils zugewiesene Gebiet. 200.000 bis 350.000 Italiener wurden vertrieben, andere fielen den Foibe-Massakern zum Opfer. In der Folge wurde Julisch Venetien durch den Friedensvertrag von Paris 1947 zwischen Italien, dem Freistaat Triest und Jugoslawien aufgeteilt.

Einen gewissen Ansatz zu einem zumindest teilweise weiterhin vereinigten, multiethnischen Julisch Venetien stellte das Freie Territorium Triest (FTT) dar, das Triest und den Nordwesten Istriens umfasste. Die Polizei im britisch-amerikanisch besetzten Teil dieses Territoriums trug sogar den Namen des Gebiets: Venezia Giulia Police Force (VGPF). Das Experiment FTT scheiterte jedoch, und 1954 wurde Julisch Venetien durch das Londoner Memorandum zwischen Italien und Jugoslawien aufgeteilt: Die Stadt Triest und ein schmaler Landzipfel als Verbindung zum Rest Italiens wurde Italien, ganz Istrien und die Gebiete östlich von Görz wurden Jugoslawien zugesprochen. Endgültig bilateral zwischen Italien und Jugoslawien fixiert wurde diese Teilung 1975 durch den Vertrag von Osimo. Seit der Unabhängigkeit Sloweniens und Kroatiens 1991 verteilt sich die Region auf drei Staaten.

Heute gibt es zwischen den lange Zeit verbundenen Gebieten allmählich wieder vermehrte kulturelle und wirtschaftliche Kontakte. Die jeweiligen sprachlichen Minderheiten werden von staatlicher Seite geschützt: Slowenisch ist Amtssprache in Friaul-Julisch Venetien, Italienisch ist in Teilen Sloweniens und Kroatiens eine anerkannte Minderheitensprache. Das lange Zeit problematische Verhältnis zwischen slawischer und italienischer Bevölkerung beginnt sich wieder allgemein zu entspannen.

Siehe auch
 Geschichte Italiens
 Geschichte Kroatiens
 Geschichte Sloweniens

Literatur
 Kurt F. Strasser, Harald Waitzbauer: Über die Grenzen nach Triest. Wanderungen zwischen Karnischen Alpen und Adriatischem Meer. Böhlau, Wien 1999, ISBN 3-205-99010-2

Einzelnachweise

Historisches Territorium (Italien)
Kroatische Geschichte
Geschichte Sloweniens
Geschichte (Friaul-Julisch Venetien)


This list is mainly for the use of those who are familiar with the site, especially subscribers, because it is quicker to scroll through than the illustrated list. If you need your memory jogged, or if you are not familiar with the site, go to the illustrated list. Or go back to the home page.
There's now another option: Photo School Extras. 'Extras' is a lot more expensive than the basic subscription but has been introduced (as the saying goes) by popular demand. Click here for more information.
At the bottom of this page there is a list of new modules (after may 2006) as they were added in reverse date order (latest first). The pictures on the right are nothing to do with anything much: they were chosen because they were 300 pixels wide, just to break up a solid text page.
24 oct 2007 -- ...choose a developing tank?


text:
By edge December 22, 2021 No Comments
Students from the Strathmore University School of Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSS) toured Vienna in Austria and Berlin in Germany and passed through Prague in Czech Republic. The International academic 10-day trip brought 22 students from Bachelor of Arts in International Studies & Bachelor of Arts in Communications degree programmes.
The unique aspect of Vienna and Berlin – history, religion, food, currency, people, laws & governance, war and reclamation – made the cities an ideal destination for international studies & communication students to learn from the founding fathers of diplomacy.
They were accompanied by the Dean of the school Prof. Christine Gichure and a team of lecturers: Dr. Maureen Syallow, Caroline Maingi and Caleb Kandagor. Eric Muhia, a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies degree student and Joy Nzangi, from the University Relations and Communications office give the following account of the academic trip.
In Vienna, we toured the Vienna University where Prof. Friedrich Eldalmayer, a Professor of History, described its history and growth, the exchange programs and other academic opportunities the school has to offer. The tour of the university was enriching as this is one of the oldest universities in Europe and hosts students from approximately 95 nationalities around the world. It helped our students to understand the importance of studying inter-cultural communication and how to interact with students from other cultures.
One language is never enough at the UN
The efficiency of the urban transport system, which consists of the metros and trains, assisted us in getting to places such as the famous Vienna International City (VIC) in good time. The International City hosts one of the United Nations Headquarters plus several other international organizations such as the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and World Trade Organizations (WTO). We had the privilege of touring the UN headquarters and having lectures on the major functions of the UN, its successes and challenges. We witnessed an actual discussion on energy at one of the conference halls. It was mentioned to us that the knowledge of a second and third language is essential for anyone who wants to join the United Nations community as this helps in communication with a host of people around the world. One language is never enough at the UN.
EU Agency for Fundamental Rights
Moreover, we visited the Austrian Parliament (Osterreichisches Parlament) where we met parliamentarian Dr. Gudrun Kugler who deals with family and human rights. Her session focused on Vienna's laws and how it was founded on the three hills. We also visited the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights hosted by Senior Policy Manager, Dr. Jonas Grimheden and the Vienna School of International Studies.
Worth noting was the visit to ICEP, where we met Dr. Martin Kugler who opened our minds in terms of education and professions. ICEP is an NGO that has various projects and partnerships in Africa including Eastlands College of Technology, Nairobi, where they empower locals to embrace and acquire vocational training.
And definitely one can't leave this scenic country without touring the historic buildings and cathedrals, amusement parks, museums, and feasting on different foods. And in the country that was home to Mozart, we had an opportunity to enjoy a private concert by one of many Austria's finest orchestras: Hui Long on the piano, and her husband and colleagues on the saxophones.
Berlin and the Topographie of Terror
Berlin, the administrative capital of Germany is one of the largest cities in this country, and one of the 16 Federal states of Germany. From its name, one event comes to mind, "the fall of Berlin Wall". We visited the ANS Documentation Centre: Topographie of Terror where we got to see the wall that divided the East from the West Germany. We learned, in more detail, of what transpired during the Nazi regime and how the holocaust happened. We also visited the check points for both the US Army and the Russian army famously known as the "Checkpoint Charlie".
Later we had a discussion with professionals from the Hertie School of Policy and Governance (Katherin Lin, Prof. Graf and Dr. Armin Triebel), who explained to us the difference between German and Kenya's education system. They indicated clearly that the German education system emphasized on the dual learning system.
On the last day we visited the Afrika-verein der deutschen Wirtschaft, an organization that merges both German and African business in diverse sectors. We also paid a visit to the Kenyan embassy, and the Deutscher Bundenstag (German parliament and federal foreign Office).
The article was written by Eric Muhia and Joy Nzangi.
If you have a story, kindly email: communications@strathmore.edu
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text:
Visit of Former Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba to India (29 July- 03 August, 2015, Media Advisory)
Published Date : 29 July, 2015 7:41 pm
1745 hrs
Venue : IGI, T3, Ceremonial Lounge
Call by Foreign Secretary
Venue : Hotel Taj Mahal
Agencies Only
Adress by Mr. Sher Bahadur Deuba
Venue: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA)
Call on the President
Venue: Rashtrapati Bhavan
Meeting with the Prime Minister
Venue: 7, Race Course Road
The need is to unite for climate actions, not to pitch politics against climate change – Prime Minister Oli (Full Text)
Madam Chair, Your Excellency Sheikh Hasina, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen.
We are committed to ensure that 'no one remains hungry, and no one dies of hunger' – Prime Minister Oli (Full text of his address to UN's side meeting)
Excellencies the Heads of State and Government, Ladies and Gentlemen. I commend the Government of
We are close to meeting the target of testing two per cent of our population – Prime Minister Oli ( Full Text of address at Global ILO Summit)
Mr. President, Excellencies the Heads of State and Government, Director General of ILO Mr. Guy
We must avoid trade wars and oppose protectionism – Prime Minister Oli (Full Text of his address at the Virtual High-Level Event on Financing for Development)
Excellencies the Heads of State and Government UN Secretary General Mr. Antonio Guterres Distinguished Participants.


text:
Q: javascript filter by object key and return value of nested object key I want to return the value of a key for one of the elements inside the object using a condition:
const raw = {
  item1: { name: 'sdfd1', otherStuff: { book:'sdfd11' } },
  item2: { name: 'sdfd2', otherStuff: { book:'sdfd22' } },
  item3: { name: 'sdfd3', otherStuff: { book:'sdfd33' } }
};

var anotherOne = {
  country1 : { city: 'one', item: 'item3'},
  country2 : { city: 'two', item: 'item4'}
}

var searchTerm = anotherOne.country1.item; // item3
var secondTerm = someUser.otherInfo // 'otherStuff'
var result = Object.keys(raw)
  .filter(key => {
  if (key === searchTerm){
   return raw[searchTerm][secondTerm].book
  }})

  console.log('result:' result); // sdfd33

Basically, i want to look for the searchTerm in the keys of the object raw, and return the value for the book key. In this example, it should return sdfd33.
My attempt is returning nothing.
updated:
updated the question.

A: Use square bracket [] while accessing a object key through a variable.
Hopefully the filter & Object.keys will not be required in this case

const raw = {
  item1: {
    name: 'sdfd1',
    book: 'sdfd11'
  },
  item2: {
    name: 'sdfd2',
    book: 'sdfd22'
  },
  item3: {
    name: 'sdfd3',
    book: 'sdfd33'
  }
};

var searchTerm = 'item3';
//using square bracket when acceing key using variable
var result = raw[searchTerm].book
console.log(result);

A: You can simply return the value like :
var result = raw.item3.book;

console.log(result);

result should be sdfd33


Clients With Allergies? Help Them Out!
Almost everyone I know right know is suffering from allergies. From itchy eyes to clogged sinuses, it can be an uncomfortable time for many.
If you've noticed clients coming in with symptoms of allergy problems, are you talking with them about it? Do you have a service that may help relieve those symptoms? If the answer isn't yes, why not? From simple aromatherapy add-ons from your massage oil to basic inhalation - it's an EASY sell! For a small amount of money you can increase multiple services!
Don't let an easy, and profitable time of year to market to your clients sneeze by!


Discussion in 'Amps and Cabs [BG]' started by LIBERTYVILLE, Mar 6, 2003.
as anyone played a phil jones amp and NOT thougth it was the best geat our there. also to jpj, have you played the wayne jones cabs as well and still thinkthe piranh is better. it's so hard to believe the best bass cab in the world could be made with 5 inch speakers!
I'm new btw, howdy everyone.
Well, I'd like to find out more about the Phil Jones 5" speaker stuff, but they ignored my email for information and price.
actually smarta** they have both been battling drug addiction for quite some time. they are JONESIN' real bad from what I hear. apparenlty they fell into finacial woes by racknig up credit card in order to keep up with the JONESES!!!!!!!!!!
btw, I'm CUTTER from prsforum. some rascal over here already took my name!!!!!
They ignored my mail too. Not the best way to sell a new product.
I'm sure they are just busy. I might try again at some point in the future. I seem to remember that www.luthiersaccessgroup.com will be a dealer for them, so if you're seriously interested in something, you might contact them. I simply don't have the funds that I thought I'd have, and recently made a deal to swap cabs with someone, so I'm out of the cab market right now.
had no idea you were a bass player. where were you in LowBlues' "bass players only" thread?
Dan at L.A.G. just sent me a Phil Jones catalog. Send him an e-mail and he'll get one right out to you. It's quite an interesting read. Lots of technical info in the catalog and "white paper" . It's pretty convincing.


text:
International Criminal Court Confirms 'Indirect' Talks With Gadhafi Son
By Mark Memmott
Published October 28, 2011 at 6:35 AM PDT

Saif al-Islam Gadhafi, in Tripoli on Aug. 23, 2011.

Officials of the International Criminal Court are having "indirect" talks with Saif al-Islam Gadhafi about his possible surrender, the ICC's prosecutor told The Associated Press and other news outlets today.
Saif al-Islam, one of Moammar Gadhafi's sons, once was seen as the heir apparent to the former Libyan dictator.
According to Reuters, prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo said today that "through intermediaries, we have informal contact with Saif. The office of the prosecutor has made it clear that if he surrenders to the ICC, he has the right to be heard in court; he is innocent until proven guilty."
It isn't clear where Saif al-Islam is. In recent days there have been reports that he may be headed to Niger or Mali. The AP says that today, "Moreno-Ocampo said he believed [Saif al-Islam] also was in touch with unidentified mercenaries offering to find him refuge in an African country that does not cooperate with the court. He mentioned Zimbabwe as a likely possibility, and said the court was in contact with other countries to prevent Gadhafi's escape by denying any plane carrying him permission to fly through its air space."
Moammar Gadhafi was captured and killed, along with another of his sons, last Thursday in Sirte, Libya.
Mark Memmott
Mark Memmott is NPR's supervising senior editor for Standards & Practices. In that role, he's a resource for NPR's journalists – helping them raise the right questions as they do their work and uphold the organization's standards.
See stories by Mark Memmott


Full mouth X-rays: usually abbreviated as FMX, is an intraoral X-ray set of a patient's teeth and attached tissue. Full mouth series radiographs includes bitewing X-rays, posterior and anterior periapicals. It is composed of 14 – 21 films taken on the same day and usually done during person's first visit to OakHeights family dentist in Rowlett.
Dental radiographs are taken in OakHeights Rowlett dental office.
Digital radiographsare one of the newest X-ray techniques. Standard X-ray film is replaced with a flat electronic pad or sensor. We, in OakHeights family dental care Rowlett city prefer Digital Radiography. Instead of developing X-ray film in a dark room, the X-rays are sent directly to a computer and can be viewed on screen, stored, or printed out. Less radiation is needed to make an image with digital radiography than with standard dental X-rays and also no wait time for X – ray to develop. These images can be electronically send to other dentist or referred specialist.
Radiation: Dr. Marneni also says the amount of radiation received from a dental x-ray is extremely small. With modern techniques and equipment, risks are kept to a minimum. However, your OakHeights Family dentist will always take care to use X-rays only when they need to. If you are a pregnant you should always inform to your OakHeights family dentist. They will take extra care and will probably not use X-rays unless they really have to, particularly during the first three months. Although there is no proof that a routine dental X-ray could harm a developing fetus, dentists usually suggest you, wait to have your X-rays until after the baby is born.


text:
Was Senator Sotto lying?
By Raïssa Robles
This question is being asked of me ever since newspaper reports came out that Senator Vicente Sotto III denied Friday that he was the lawmaker who had inserted the libel clause in the Cybercrime Prevention Act (Republic Act 10175).
One commenter name @Anton bluntly asked me:
Senator Vicente "Tito" Sotto III denied that he was the one behind the insertion of a libel clause in the new anti-cybercrime law, at a Press Media Week forum in Cebu City Friday. So, what happened to the admission of Sotto's chief of staff Villacorta that it was Senator Sotto who inserted libel as a 'content-related offense' in Republic Act No. 10175 (the Cybercrime Law)? Who's lying again?
My answer requires a somewhat lengthy explanation. After reading it, I think you can come to the conclusion yourself whether Senator Sotto lied to journalists in Cebu.
To start, I would speculate that Senator Sotto is banking on the fact that people don't understand how the Senate records the lawmakers' actions almost every step of the way.
Let me first explain how a bill becomes a law in the Senate (and the House follows the same procedure).
Step One: A senator files a bill at the Senate Bills and Index Section. The bill's title is read out on the floor and referred to the proper Senate committee for further action. This is referred to as the FIRST READING.
Step Two: The Senate committee where the bill is referred to gathers all the similar bills filed on the same subject. The committee schedules public hearings and notifies various public interest groups about the bill in question. Please note that most bills die in the committee and it is up to the committee chair to decide which bills he or she would push.
The committee chair comes up with an amended bill that takes into account the public hearings, letters and suggestions and what the chair reads in the media about the pending bill. If there are more than two bills on the same subject, the chair consolidates all these bills into one bill which is called the Committee Report. The CR is also given a new number as a Senate bill.
In the case of the Cybercrime Prevention Act, there were 15 separate Senate Bills and three Senate Resolutions filed by various senators. The committee chaired by Senator Edgardo Angara came out with a consolidated bill in Committee Report No. 30 and named this new bill SB 2796.
Step Three: The CR is again referred to the Senate plenary for deliberations. This is called the SECOND READING. During the Second Reading, any of the senators can suggest amendments or interpellate the Senate committee chair or even try to stop the bill dead in the water (as what is happening to the Reproductive Health Bill). It is up to the committee chair whether or not to accept his colleagues' proposed amendments. The amendments can be very minor (such as a word or phrase here and there to make the meaning clearer). Or they can be very drastic such as the insertion of entirely new sections. It is this form of insertion that the public has to watch out because no more public hearing is held on such substantial amendments.
Step Four: After the Second Reading or the period of interpellation, a clean copy of the bill is prepared with all the amendments that were proposed on the floor and accepted by the committee chair. The adjusted bill still has the same Senate Bill number. The only way to distinguish it from the bill that was prepared by the Senate committee is by looking at the appended phrase "third reading version".
Step Five: The bill goes back to the Senate plenary, but this time only for voting. This is referred to as the THIRD READING. Voting can either be viva voce (meaning, Lawmakers merely say "Aye" or "Nay" and there is no physical counting of votes. Usually, though, each senator casts a vote which is recorded next to his name.
Step Six: The bill approved on Third Reading by the Senate is now ready to be reconciled with the similar bill approved by the House also on Third Reading. The Senate assigns who will meet with their House counterparts in a BICAMERAL CONFERENCE. Through the years, it has become the practice of both chambers to introduce substantial amendments that neither chamber even included in their approved versions. This is also where the horse-trading occurs between chambers.
In the case of the Cybercrime Prevention Act, the equally controversial Section 6 was in the House version which the bicam conference committee adopted in the final version of the bill which is now a law. Here is Section 6:
SEC. 6. All crimes defined and penalized by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special laws, if committed by, through and with the use of information and communications technologies shall be covered by the relevant provisions of this Act: Provided, That the penalty to be imposed shall be one (1) degree higher than that provided for by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special laws, as the case may be.
Step Seven: The reconciled version goes back to both chambers and a final vote is held to approve or reject the law. At this point, no one in either chamber can object to any section or insert any more amendments. The only purpose is to cast the final vote.
Let's examine what Sotto said in the light of these Seven Steps
The Cebu-based Freeman quoted Senator Sotto as claiming that it was the Senate committee that handled the bill which approved the online libel rider. Sotto told reporters that the only issue he raised was the issue of cybersquatting during the bill's plenary discussions.
You can find this in Jojo Malig's ABS-CBNNews piece entitled Internet Libel? It wasn't me, Sotto says
Thanks, Jojo, for your quick reporter's eyes.
Jojo wrote that:
A report by another regional newspaper, The Freeman, said Senator Sotto claimed that the Senate committee that handled the bill approved the online libel rider in the last quarter of 2011.
Sotto said Friday that he only raised the issue of cybersquatting in the bill's plenary discussions.
Now let's see what the Senate records actually state.
Yes. Senator Sotto was correct when he said he only raised the issue of cybersquatting during the plenary discussions on SECOND READING.
Page 281 of the Senate Journal of September 12, 2011 bears Senator Sotto out. Below is a screen-cap of an excerpt from that page of the Senate Journal.
However, the same Senate Journal shows that on January 24, 2012 – still during the SECOND READING – Senator Sotto introduced the online libel rider.
I understand that in Friday's forum, Sotto did not stay around to be asked questions after his speech. If he had stayed around, he could have been asked the following question:
Senator Sotto, during the period of individual amendments on January 24, 2012 did you state the following things as recorded in the Senate Journal?
Let me tell you one important thing to remember about the Senate Journal. Every plenary session is recorded and transcribed word for word. Then a summary of what each senator stated and how the chamber acted is written in a Senate Journal. The journal always comes out the next day (except when it is a sine die session, which is when lawmakers 'stop the clock' to avoid adjourning.) Each senator has the power to correct any entry in the journal.
Senator Sotto, who is the Senate Rules Committee chair, did not correct this entry about him introducing the online libel rider last January 24. Therefore we can assume 100% that it is a correct reflection of what had happened.
The publication Sunstar also quoted Senator Sotto as stating in its piece Sotto on online libel law: Not mine but I'm all for it:
Sotto, who recently received criticism for allegedly plagiarizing other people's works, denied reports he inserted the libel clause at the last minute. He said that the Senate version of Republic Act (RA) 10175, or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, was by Senator Edgardo Angara.
Except during plenary debates, Sotto said he had no participation in the crafting of the law. He added that the bill was passed at the committee level in the last quarter of 2012 [sic – this probably meant 2011], before accusations of plagiarism against him surfaced.
In the light of the seven steps of lawmaking, let's examine what Sotto told the media in Cebu.
Sotto was correct when he said (1) he had no participation in crafting the law; (2) the Senate version was by Senator Angara ; and (3) the bill was passed at committee level long before he was accused of plagiarism.
However, again, he neglected to say that on January 24, 2012 he inserted the online libel rider.
In short, Sotto's participation in the crafting of the Cybercrime Prevention Act consisted of
(1) interpellating on SECOND READING about cybersquatting on September 12, 2011 and
(2) inserting a midnight cut-and-paste section on online libel on January 24, 2012, which was still on SECOND READING.
Why did media fail to catch Senator Sotto's libel rider on time?
I feel partly to blame for not catching this libel rider on time. My husband Alan had warned me about the impending bill but my attention was riveted on the impeachment trial of then Chief Justice Renato Corona.
I did try to look for any rider in the law after Senator Sotto had warned that cyberbullies had better watch out for the Cybercrime Prevention Act.
I tried to look for the latest version of the law. I read SB 2796 and it had nothing on online libel.
Now I realize on hindsight that the Senate website does not upload that version of the bill that is the product of the bicameral conference committee. This version would be the latest and final one, just before it is voted into law by Congress. It would contain all the lawmakers' individual amendments plus the amendments inserted by the bicam committee.
I would like to suggest that from now on, both chambers of Congress disclose to the public the final bicam version of any bill before Congress' approval, in the spirit of transparency and fair play.
Tagged With: Senator Vicente Sotto III inserted online libel
Free Bird says
Wala nang pag asa ang Pilipinas. Parang sinabi na nila na bawal magsalita laban sa sino man dito sa cyberworld. Is Philippines still worth dying for?
Nakakainis, nakakabwesit at nakakapanghina. Tama cguro sabihin ngayon na the Philippines is a country only for the rich and powerful… very SAD!!!! Get out while you can……. :(
Where do you suggest we should all go? Into the sea?
Where should we all go? Out into the sea?
not a bad idea.. swim to China?
isellnuts says
Why worry so long as you won't post libelous messages in the cyber media. Freedom of speech is not absolute, you cannot say, print or post messages that demean or bring down the reputation of a person.
I've lived for almost 30yrs in the US and honestly there's no place like home. I won't trade our country to any other country in the world. Once a Filipino will always be a Filipino thats the reason why thousands of Filipinos come home to spend their Christmas holidays here.
Not so for so many journalists and digital writers who have to write and may "hit" other personalities – mostly public officials, and all internet companies connected to these classes of professionals. Short to say IT KEEPS THE FUN IN 'PINAS ALIVE! Maybe, amateurs bloggers, o.k. they can follow that advice but I doubt it. They like to join the fun too…IT KEEPS 'EM VERY ALIVE TOO!
right!! keeps the brain works to get rid of alzheimer or dimentia. good brain exercise to read and write some commets. ang someetimes makes blood rise, just drink lots of water,
fredicule says
@free bird: You have seen nothing yet. Time will come that no one can buy or sell without receiving the "mark".
My further blog here…
Let us point this out: Cybercrime on Libel…states "xxx as defined in ART. 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended xxx"
ART. 355 does not "define" libel. It is ART. 353 [which is not specifically stated]. What ART. 355 says" xxx a libel committed by means of writing xxx" but how committed? What is the nature of the act? What acts are "covered"? Against "whom" or "who" are the victim or victims ? [ it is in ART. 353 ]
ART. 353, the definition of libel says: " A libel is a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect,real or imaginary, or anyact, omission, condition, status,or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or cintempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead." But this Article 353 is not stated in RA No. 10175. So, how can libel be "defined" when this ACT R.A. No. 10175 does not define the act of libel?
Is RA 10175 the Cybercrime law on libel clear and not vague? No. It is not only vague but statutorily & substantially defective to inform those intended to be subject of punishment.
1st. Libel is defined in ART. 353 and not ART. 355. If ART. 353 is excluded as the definition of libel, what is the definition of libel in ART. 355? None. There being "none" the law is vague.
If it was intended to punish libel, RA No. 10175 should have stated clearly to include ARTICLES 353, 354 [ requirement of publicity], 356, 357, 358, 360 [ persons responsible ], 361 [ Proof of truth ] and 362 [ Libelous remarks on privileged matters ], all of Title THIRTEEN Crimes against Honor, Revised Penal Code, as Amended. as these Articles are parts of the whole libel law in the Code referred to.
2nd point: To raise the penalties under this ACT for libel, violates SEC. 19 ART. III Constitution on "cruel, degrading and inhuman punishment" clause. It is utterly with excessive penalty contrary to ART. 5, Revised Penal Code, as Amended, which the courts are bound to repress.
3rd. Procedurally & substantially, R.A. No. 10175 violates the right "to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation" [ SEC. 14, (2) ART. III Constitution, being that only ART. 355 of the said ACT is stated without all the other ARTICLES on libel [ as given here ].
4th. The ACT also violates SEC. 1 the right not to be deprive of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the law. ART. III Const.
5th. The ACT as provided, constitutes DOUBLE JEOPARDY, to be prosecuted under this ACT and also under the libel law or other provisions of the Revised Penal Code, as Amended. [ SEC. 21, Art. III Const. ]
6th. it violates FREEDOM OF SPEECH, expression, or of the press. ( SEC. 4, ART. III Const. ]
7th. The ACT violates that "no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law" [ SEC. 14 Art. III Const. ] in relation to Points 1 to 6th above.
It is good to know that there are already three (3) Cases filed in the Court.
This article here states that this libel clause in this ACT was "inserted." A valid rider? Maybe this point can also be discussed for everyone's information.
sir/mam leona, kung gagamit po ng pangalan yung hindi tunay na pangalan ng tinutukoy sa comment ,libel din po ba ang dating? halimbawa kung sinasabihang magnanakaw si xxx gamitan ng cartoon character hindi na po libel?
@pinay710… under your "facts" given if the victim is identifiable and complains, the "untrue" name of the writer will be "searched" to find out the true name, or in whatever blog owner it is found, the blog owner maybe liable [ investigated, charged and tried in court ], or both of them, but maybe not yet under this new Cybercrime law [ it is being questioned now ] but under the regular libel law in the Revised Penal Code, as Amended. Thanks for your asking for my 10 cents worth opn.
Just to add…SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy never mentions libel or libelous acts. What is delcared, among others:
"need to protect and safeguard computers"; "computer and communication systems"; "networks and data base"; "confidentiality,integrity, availability of information data"; "broadcasting, electronic commerce"; "information & communication, content productions"; "data processing"; "all forms of misuse, abuse and illegal access." These are all what are declared as the policy. Nothing about libelous acts! This law really, as inserted and not discussing at all libelous acts, violates SEC. 26 (1) "Every bill passed by the Congress shall, embrace only ONE SUBJECT which shall be expressed in the title thereof" if not in the "title" at least in SEC. 2 on declaration of policy.
(caps. supplied)
Libel or libelous acts are not there. The public or even many of the legislators did not know about the insertion of libelous acts and its punishment.
error…"declared' on second sentence…
rOSARIO says
news at rappler.com:
http://www.rappler.com/nation/13142-bsp-site-hacked-to-protest-cybercrime-law
government websites had been hacked!
as a protest against the cybercrime online libel law.
govt. should hire these guys. they have the knack to find the libeler.
praetorius says
BSP and MWSS sites hacked:
Anonymous Philippines
The Philippine Government has just passed a bill that effectively ends the Freedom of Expression in the Philippines.
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 is the most notorious act ever witnessed in the cyber-history of the Philippines,
and the language of the bill is cunningly designed to make you think it only applies to individuals who are deep in
cyber-technology and doesn't apply to everyone, but some part of the bill basically says it can imprison anyone who
commits libel either by written messages, comments, blogs, or posts in sites such as Facebook, Twitter, or any other
comment-spaces of other social media in the Internet.
New technologies give us new opportunities to connect with a lot of people not only in this country but all over the world.
They can also provide us with a medium through which our political, public and even private views can have an immediate and
direct impact on individuals, communities and even countries. It is just so disappointing that our government, in adopting
our 80-year-old antiquated libel laws to the Cybercrime Law, again seems to have retarded our march with the rest of the world
with respect to giving full force to the people's freedom of expression.
We ask for a revision of the said bill for the betterment of the Filipino denizens.
Protect our Right to Freedom of Expression!
#OccupyPhilippines | Anonymous Butuan | PrivateX | #pR.is0n3r
Lo0p th3 Lo0p | l4stl00k | Blackrain | Anonymous Manila
blue4cor says
3rd petition vs Cybercrime Act filed with SC (abs-cbnnews)
Maybe related…Philstar newspaper reports SC issues TRO showing movie "Innocence of Muslims" ordering MRTCB not to allow showing the film anywhere. Muslim petitioners' counsel overlooked impleading "internet providers" like youtube, etc. So, there's TRO on these cyberspace elements.
error, should be "So, there's no TRO on these cyberspace elements."
Rochie says
OFF TOPIC: this site, ms. Raissa Robles, the CPMers and their researches during the height of the corona impeachament trial were acknowledged and mentioned on chapter 20, page 249 of Ms. Marites Vitug's Hour Before Dawn. Chapters 4 and 5 painted the real, ugly picture of Cristina Corona. Read with a digital bp reader by your side…
Maria A. says
Are they selling the book in national bookstore? I remember reading that they were not carrying Ms. Vitug's books.
filipino_mom says
i think its available only at powerbooks.
emong says
Off topic:
Another pressing issue than Cam Sur.. inaction will be a cause of concern.. Please put value on our tax money dear congressmen… I suggest putting some responsibility on their parents. Also lower the age ceiling relative to the frequency of offenses e.g. first offense 18 yrs old where we can implement DSWD intervention else jail time.. second offense 15 years old and so forth ,, We also need to take note the how severe the crime is,, especially for murder or rape cases,, This is for their own good.. this is also related to RH Bill…
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/232557/news/nation/cops-working-with-congress-on-hamog-boys
http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/metro-manila/09/25/12/batang-hamog-robbers-maul-girl-qc
Credibility in Blogging and the Libel Suit Against Blogger, Bambee de la Paz…
http://aboutmyrecovery.com/mayor-nasser-pangandaman-files-libel-suit-against-blogger-bambee-de-la-paz/
An excerpt to the above link…
"If I am not mistaken, I believe this is the first libel case filed against a blogger because of their blog entry. Another blogger survived a libel case but it was not about an entry he wrote but as the webhost of a libelous entry. The latter case was dismissed."
– Noemi, momblogger
Guys, this is awesome! Kudos to the groups and foundation involved…. If only are LGUs will work like they do… See the pictures to appreciate the transformation :)
http://ph.news.yahoo.com/estero-de-san-miguel–the-great-transformation.html
andrew lim says
ON THAT BLOOD IVORY TRADE INVOLVING CLERGY
Cebu Monsignor Garcia is in the news again, this time for involvement in the illegal ivory trade.
Link to the National Geographic article "Ivory Worship":
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/10/ivory/christy-text
Link to Garcia's pedophilia cases in the US:
http://globalnation.inquirer.net/51138/priest-linked-to-sex-abuse-in-us-expelled-by-dominicans
http://watchdogblog.dallasnews.com/2012/09/priest-who-had-sex-with-boys-vanishes-from-public-eye.html/
http://watchdogblog.dallasnews.com/2012/09/priest-who-had-sex-with-boys-now-tells-how-to-smuggle-ivory.html/#commentzone
May I ask our Cebu based CPMers if Monsignor Garcia is related to the Pablo, Winston and Gwendolyn Garcias of Cebu?
This is outrageous. Pedophilia and blood ivory cases involving the same priest. What gives?
if you want to turn armchair psychologist / anthropologist / psychiatrist, his fetish for ivory santo nino images could be an extension of his pedophilia, don't you think? from the articles written about him, he seems to prize / favor his santo ninos over other images, and the "holy" images, carved in prized ivory favored by die-hard devotees like himself, gives this inclination a semblance of decency and holiness, as if this erases the sin and guilt of wanting young boys. IMHO lang, ha.
from inquirerdotnet: Investigators can now access cyber info without court order
By Matikas Santos
2:13 pm | Tuesday, September 25th, 2012
Share on facebook_likeShare 16
Director General Samuel Pagdilao (Matikas Santos/INQUIRER.net photo)
MANILA, Philippines—The Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) can access internet traffic data even without a court order under the new anti-cybercrime law, Director General Samuel Pagdilao, CIDG Chief, said Tuesday.
But the CIDG access will be limited to the origin, destination, size and time of the data, Pagbilao told reporters in a forum as he allayed fears that the law would be used to violate people's privacy and curtail freedom of speech.
He said the information to be accessed by law enforcers should only be related to a crime being investigated.
They cannot pry into the contents of the data, Pagdilao said. He said that internet service providers may be able to keep data for as long as six months with possible extension of another six months if the investigation is still ongoing.
Robert Reyes, Chief of the Anti-Transnational and Cybercrime Division of the CIDG, said "we work only based on complaints filed. We cannot monitor everyone."
On the traffic data of calls and texts, Reyes said that they would only look at the specific timeframe when the crime occurred as validated by the victim.
Reyes said that most of the cybercrimes they have recorded so far were identity theft, online scams, child pornography, fraud, and voyeurism.
On the issue of libel being a cybercrime, Pagdilao said, "The same safeguards will come in to ensure that the rights of our people will [not be violated]."
He said the implementing rules and regulations of the anti-cybercrime act have yet to be drafted and this will help guide investigators and law enforcers in the implementation of the new law.
chit navarro says
Various parties have asked the Supreme Court to stop different government agencies from implementing provisions of the Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention Act.
On Tuesday, September 25, businessman Louis Biraogo asked the High Court to stop the National Bureau of Investigation and the Philippine National Police (PNP) from implementing sections 4 (c) 4, 12 and 20 of the law.
Party-list group Alab ng Mamamahayag (Alam) earlier asked the SC on Monday, September 24, to issue a temporary restraining order (TRO) that would stop the President, the Senate and Congress from implementing provisions of the law that prohibit unsolicited commercial communications, penalize online libel, and increase penalties for crimes listed in the Revised Penal code and special penal laws.
Section 4 (c) criminalizes online libel, while Section 12 authorizes government collection of real-time data. Section 20, on the other hand, specifies the penalties for the violation of Chapter IV, which deals with the disclosure and collection of data.
The Alam partylist wants the SC to stop concerned authorities from enforcing Section 4 (c)4 of the law, which defines cybercrime and outlines the prevention and imposition of penalties for those who commit it; Section 4(c)3, which covers unsolicited commercial communications; and Section 6, which states that "the penalty to be imposed shall be one (1) degree higher than that provided for by the Revised Penal Code, as amended, and special laws, as the case may be."
Both petitioners said the law creates a "chilling effect" on the public.
the article above is reposted from Rappler today 9/25/2012
click here for the full article
http://www.rappler.com/nation/13050-sc-asked-to-stop-cybercrime-law
jocko7874 says
Kinda off topic maybe…this just in from the Honolulu Star-Advertiser…"Miriam becomes major Pacific hurricane off Mexico"… did not know she moved to Mexico…he he he ne way.. seems like mucho "winds" there and here in Phils huh….
Kudos to Louis "Barok" Biraogo and the ALAM party list for taking the initiative and cudgels on behalf of filipino netizens!
Long live free speech and freedom of expression in the Philippines!
Petitions filed with SC vs 'cyber libel' law
MANILA, Philippines – Businessman and taxpayer Louis "Barok" Biraogo has asked the Supreme Court (SC) to prevent the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and Philippine National Police (PNP) from enforcing several provisions of Republic Act (RA) No. 10175, also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012.
The law enacted by President Aquino on September 12 criminalizes and penalizes libel in cyberspace.
In a 28-page petition for certiorari, prohibition, injunction and preliminary injunction filed on Sept. 24 obtained by ABS-CBN News, Biraogo asked the high court to immediately issue a temporary restraining order (TRO) or a writ of preliminary injunction to restrain the implementation of Sec. 4(c) [4], Sec. 12, Sec. 20, and the penal provisions of the law on the basis of unconstitutionality.
"With the enactment of Republic Act No. 10175, cyber technology, once a boom to petitioner and the general public, is now subjected to subtle but pervasive State monitoring and control," the petition read.
Biraogo, who was upheld by the high court in a petition assailing the constitutionality of the Aquino administration's Truth Commission, also alleged that the passage of the law is tainted with grave abuse of discretion on the part of Congress, which approved it, and Mr. Aquino, who signed it into law.
Biraogo said the questioned provisions cast a "chilling effect" on the rights of individuals.
A similar petition, raising similar grounds, was also filed by ALAM party list with the high court.
READ THE whole story at Petitions filed with SC vs 'cyber libel' law By Ina Reformina, ABS-CBN News. Posted at 09/25/2012 1:39 PM | Updated as of 09/25/2012 1:41 PM
Kudos to petitioners Jose Jesus M. Disini Jr., Rowena S. Disini, Lianne Ivy P. Medina, Jeanette Toral and Ernesto Sonido Jr. for taking the initiative and cudgels on behalf of filipino netizens!
Constitutionality of cybercrime law questioned before SC
By Tetch Torres
3:52 pm | Wednesday, September 26th, 2012
MANILA, Philippines—A third petition has been filed before the Supreme Court questioning the constitutionality of several provisions of Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 saying it tramples upon the fundamental rights of the people.
In a 31-page petition for certiorari and prohibition dated Sept. 25, petitioners Jose Jesus M. Disini Jr., Rowena S. Disini, Lianne Ivy P. Medina, Jeanette Toral and Ernesto Sonido Jr. urged the high court to stop the Department of Justice, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Commission on Information and Communications Technology (CICT), Philippine National Police and the National Bureau of Investigation from implementing the law.
The Act was signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III on Sept. 12.
Petitioners specifically asked the high court to nullify Sections 4[c]4, 6, 7, 12, 19 of the law.
"[T]hese provisions are constitutionally infirm. Taken together, they restrict the fundamental rights to free speech and the freedom of the press with respect to online content in the same way a totalitarian state would do so — through unrestricted and unregulated censorship," the petition stated.
Sec. 4 (c) [4] of the law criminalizes libel, not only on the internet, but also on "any other similar means which may be devised in the future."
Sec. 6 raises by one degree higher the penalties provided for by the Revised Penal Code for all crimes committed through and with the use of information and communications.
Sec. 7 provides that apart from prosecution under the assailed law, any person charged [with] violation of the said law the offender can still be prosecuted for violations of the Revised Penal Code and other special laws.
Sec. 12 authorizes law enforcement authorities to "collect or record by technical or electronic means" communications transmitted through a computer system sans warrant.
Sec. 19 authorizes the DOJ to block access to computer data when such data "is prima facie found to be in violation of the provisions of this Act."
"It is undeniable that the Cybercrime Act in this context is a content-based regulation, that is, one that seeks to restrict speech at first blush appears to violate the Cybercrime Act," petitioners stated.
Aside violation of free speech, the law also violates the double jeopardy and equal protection clause of the Constitution because it allows simultaneous prosecution for violation of the Cybercrime Act and the Revised Penal Code.
Violation of the Cybercrime Prevention Act will impose a penalty higher than that of the Revised Penal Code but it does not preclude the prosecution for the same offense for violation of the Penal Code.
Also, petitioners said the real time data collection of traffic data violates the right to privacy and the right against unreasonable searches and seizure.
"Real time collection of traffic data under the Cybercrime Act authorizes the PNP and the NBI to install devices at the networks of telecommunications, mobile and Internet service providers to capture data about communications," the petitioners said.
"It is conceivable that the PNP or NBI can monitor all traffic since the law does not establish standards for the exercise of the authority to collect data," it added.
"No limits are imposed upon either the PNP or the NBI since they can lawfully collect traffic data at all times without interruption. It is conceivable that the PNP and the NBI can at all times possess all traffic data on all internet, mobile, fixed line and related communications."
On the other hand, Section 19 allows the DoJ to compel the take down of any internet or on-line content without any need for a judicial determination.
Aside from the Disini, et al. petition, businessman Louis "Barok" Biraogo and Alam party list also filed separate petitions with the high court assailing the constitutionality of the same provisions in the law.
SOURCE: technology inquirer net/17180/constitutionality-of-cybercrime-law-questioned-before-sc
Kudos to –
A "fifth petition filed before the SC seeking to stop and annul certain provisions of the cybercrime law."
"UP law professor Harry Roque Jr. was joined by Adonis, lawyers Romel Bagares and Gilber Andres, newspaper columnist Ellen Tordesillas and investigative writer Ma. Gisela Ordenes-Cascolan in filing the petition."
READ full report at www philstar com/Article.aspx?articleId=853950&publicationSubCategoryId=63
Mas mainman sa LA'AT ng mga petitioners to consolidate your efforts. Less taxing to SC in-fillers.
Why not also put a single blogsite for all petitioners in reference to 'Protests against RA 10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention Act now submitted to the Supreme Court (SC). Joint or bayanihan na lang kayo, Share on Like human resources.


text:
Tsippi Fleischer (born 20 May 1946) (Hebrew: ציפי פליישר) is an Israeli composer.

Life
Tsippi Fleischer was born in Haifa, Israel, of Polish-born parents, and grew up in a mixed Jewish-Arab environment. She studied piano and theory at the Rubin Conservatory of Music and graduated from the Haifa Reali School, later pursuing degrees in music, Hebrew language, Middle Eastern history, and Arabic language and literature. In 1978 she married comparative linguist Aharon Dolgopolsky and had one son. She teaches at Bar-Ilan University and Levinsky Institute in Tel Aviv.

Honours and awards
 ACUM Prize for lifetime achievement
 Prime Minister's Prize on Israel's 50th anniversary
 Unesco-Paris (Rostrum) Prize for Composition
 Israel's Public Council for Culture and Art Prize for her Oratorio ;
 Foremost Career-Woman of Israel for 1993 in the Field of Music awarded by Globes
 ACUM Prize for Like Two Branches
 Award from the government of Finland
 Award from the government of the United States
 Brahms Gesellschaft award (Germany)
 Canadian Electro-Acoustic Community award
 ACUM Honorary Fellowship (2017)

Works
Fleischer's compositions unite Arabic and Jewish elements. Selected works include:

 Mein Volk (1995)
 Salt Crystals for symphony orchestra (1995)
 Oratorio (1492-1992) for symphonic orchestra, mixed chorus, and ensemble of guitars and mandolas, in memory of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1991)
 Like Two Branches, cantata in Arabic for chamber choir, two oboes, psaltery, cello, and tar drums (1989)
 The Gown of Night (1988) magnetic tape piece with the voices of Bedouin children
 In the Mountains of Armenia for Armenian girls, narrator, and clarinet on magnetic tape (1988)
 In Chromatic Mood (1986)
 The Clock Wants to Sleep for children's or women's chorus (1980)
 A Girl Named Limonad (1977)
 Musical after Shalom Aleichem (1975)
 Symphony No. 1 op. 33 (1995)
 Symphony No. 2 op. 48 (1998–2000)
 Symphony No. 3 op. 49 (2000)
 Symphony No. 4 op. 51 (2000)
 Symphony No. 5 op. 54 (2002–2004)

Discography
Tsippi Fleischer's music has been recorded and issued on CD. A comprehensive discography, including streaming and downloading of complete CDs in MP3 format, can be found on http://www.tsippi-fleischer.com/disco.html. CDs include:
 Around the World with Tsippi Fleischer Music from Six Continents, 1997 Series Music from Six Continents, 1991 Series Music from Six Continents, 1992 Series Music from Six Continents, 2000 Series Music from Six Continents, 2001 Series Tsippi Fleischer Symphonies I-V Cain and Abel Israel at 50 Ethnic Silhouettes''

External links
The composer's homepage: tsippifleischer.com

References

1946 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Israeli educators
20th-century Israeli women musicians
Women classical composers
Israeli composers
Israeli music educators
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Jewish classical composers
Women music educators
20th-century women composers
20th-century women educators
Israeli women composers


Cannabis burns more smoothly if it is ground, meaning the flame (smoking) and hot air (vaping) can pass freely and evenly through it. Also, this helps prevent the scorching of leaf matter and stems that destroy the taste and offer almost zero plant resin. That makes weed grinders a must for smokers and vapers.
As more cannabis gets through a grinder — particularly resinous flower – the more easily it resists twisting. Grinders usually start to squeak when compacted cannabis hampers the two grinding plates' action. Most grinders though are very easy to clean and will immediately go back to being squeak-free.
The question when it comes to elite quality grinders made for cannabis specifically, is whether to kief or not to kief. Kief is usually made of some 30 to 60 percent THC, hence it could be a strong addition to a joint or bowl of ground cannabis. It can be smoked alone as well for fast relief, potency, and flavor.
There are several types of hand grinders today which are manually operated, single-chamber grinders being the cheapest and most straightforward. These grinders come in puck-like forms in a range of sizes, from around 1.5-2 two inches in diameter up to nearly four inches for big models.
Plenty of three-chamber and four-chamber grinders have a special, extremely fine screen that can capture the trichomes of the bud as most plant matter is kept at bay. In a spare chamber inside the grinder, this kief is stored. Pricier kiefing grinders of this type allow users to catch dry kief, or trichomes and trichome heads, from the herb which can be smoked or vaped afterwards, or used to produce small rosin quantities.