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The full stack design system
Emmet Connolly
Senior Director of Product Design, Intercom
@thoughtwax
Main illustration: Mercedes Bazan
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UI methodologies like Atomic Design bring logic and structure to individual screens. Now it's time to extend that thinking to every aspect of your product.
Here's a little mystery. Why is it that – a bit like hangovers and pop music – most products somehow seem to get worse with age?
You'd think the opposite should be true: that having a great team spend many years iterating on a product should eventually result in some immaculately perfect finished product. Instead after ten years it's suddenly harder to unlock your phone. Why?
The long, painful answer is ill-discipline. Projects grow over time. More people join, some earlier folks leave, and clarity of design vision deteriorates. The business decides to chase new markets, and new features get tacked on like Christmas decorations. Internal collaboration gets harder and sub-teams develop their own design philosophies. Requests flood in from a more diverse customer base. Competition needs to be kept at bay by adding in more stuff. Sprawl sets in. Before long it doesn't feel safe to enter some screens alone after dark. Good products degrade. It happens to the best of us.
The shorter answer is most product teams don't adhere to a solid underlying design system. Something that unifies and guides all aspects of the experience from the conceptual building blocks of the product, to the details of the UI, to how things are named.
So if you're suffering from the nice-to-have problem of designing a successful, growing product, here's how considering all aspects of your design as a single system can save you – before the rot sets in.
The TL;DR
Given that this is the internet and you've probably got animal videos to watch, I'll cut to the chase:
50 years ago graphic designers figured out that it's a good idea to come up with some shared underlying rules when designing a bunch of related things.
Digital product designers realized this is also a good way to make sure your buttons always look the same. "Design Systems" emerged as a useful way to build consistent UIs.
But most Design Systems are really just Pattern Libraries: a big box of UI Lego pieces that can be assembled in near-infinite ways. All the pieces may be consistent, but that doesn't mean the assembled results will be.
Your product is more than just a pile of reusable UI elements. It has structure and meaning. It's not a generic web page, it's the embodiment of a system of concepts.
By embodying product concepts in Design Systems designers can go beyond consistent UIs towards creating consistent products.
That's the nutshell version. If you already get it, godspeed.
Software with structural integrity
Making software isn't like building a bridge. Construction workers have a clear end goal to aim for, mature methodologies and well-understood materials, and most of them dress better. The majority of industries are far more stable than software development. That's good — most people generally prefer driving across bridges that weren't designed using whiteboard markers and engineered by Googling for error messages.
Manhattan Bridge under construction, 1909. © Irving Underhill/Library of Congress
Digital product design is still in its infancy. We're figuring this shit out as we go. As soon as we do figure something out, things change again – the tech improves, your team grows, competition emerges – and that process that you finally figured out breaks again. Plans are obsolete almost as soon as you've made them.
Without a blueprint of some sort to rely on it's not surprising that so much software eventually buckles under its own weight.
So clearly we need something to set and keep us on course. Something to make the difficult parts of product development easier, make the slow parts faster, and to power us away from the enormous Pit Of Complexity that all products seem to get drawn into over time.
Enter Design Systems.
A brief history of design systems
Design Systems of one flavor or another have been around for quite a while. Simply put, a design system is useful for when you need to design not just one thing, but a whole set of things that you want to feel like a coherent family. If you come up with a template and always stick to it, you'll get that coherence for free.
So instead of designing one subway sign you might come up with a set of graphic standards that allow you to design a whole set of signs and symbols that work together in concert. Also, can we bring back ring binders please? Old school cool.
New York City Transit Authority Graphics Standards Manual by Massimo Vignelli and Bob Noorda, 1970 source.
Or instead of designing a logo for an organization you might develop a visual system for representing that organization in all sorts of different contexts. Space exploration and classic graphic design, what's not to love?
The NASA Graphics Standards Manual by Richard Danne and Bruce Blackburn, 1975.
CSS frameworks like Twitter Bootstrap dragged these ideas into the world of web development, providing reusable code snippets to easily build consistent UI elements like buttons and dropdowns. Wonderful, even if every website in the world basically looked identical for a while there.
Twitter Bootstrap, originally created by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton, 2011
Brad Frost's influential Atomic Design methodology put forward a more structural approach. Rather than a jumble of "atomic" elements scattered across a screen (e.g. a label, an input, a button), Atomic Design suggests that a small collection of UI elements should be thought of as a meaningful component, (e.g. a page footer, a login form). Put a pin in this idea, we'll come back to it in a bit.
Brad Frost's Atomic Design methodology, 2013
Finally, Google's Material Design guidelines pushed the concept further, bringing deeper formal rationality, a bold aesthetic and resources and guidelines for building UI elements across a range of platforms. (I worked at Google and wrote the first set of guidelines for the Android Wear platform.)
Material Design by Google, 2014
Today, many larger companies have built their own custom, in-house design systems in an attempt to stave off the inevitable creep of inconsistency. Airbnb, Salesforce and Uber have built comprehensive systems that keep their own product UIs in check.
The limitations of pattern libraries
Maybe none of this is news to you. Maybe you've already got someone maintaining a nice little pattern library on your own team. (If you're not sure who, just look for the person who can't stop making Lego analogies.)
So can't you just check the box and move on? Or is there a difference between a pattern library and a design system?
I mean, sure. But yes there is.
Most Pattern Libraries take the form of a web page that lists the different styles of all your UI elements: all the different sized headings, all the button styles, all the dropdowns that are used to build your UI. If all the designers and engineers on your team agree to only ever use these elements, your UI automatically stays consistent. It also allows you to tweak those styles down the road if you want to make a design change across your app. Not bad at all.
Intercom's old, now-retired pattern library. Need some buttons? We got 'em.
But there are a few problems with pattern libraries. Yes, they allow you to keep all of the smallest elements consistent. But they don't have an opinion about how they should be put together. They don't know anything about your product or the concepts behind it.
To return to our Lego analogy, simply having a limited pattern library of bricks to choose from doesn't preclude me from building some really crazy shit.
Impressive, but not exactly coherent design – and that's just the curtains.
Now think about those branded Lego kits you can buy. Each piece is much more opinionated. It knows what it's going to get used for. There are still generic pieces involved, but when you put them together in a certain way they form something specific, like the leg of an AT-AT Walker. This is a design system.
(Caveat: those highly-prescribed branded kits are actually kind of boring and there's no Lego better than a giant bucket of bricks and an imagination. Coherence is strictly for grown-ups.)
From Atomic Design to full stack design systems
This approach is not unlike the Atomic Design approach I mentioned earlier. Atomic Design will tell you to take some of your basic elements (label, input, button), stick them together, and call it a molecule. Then you can reuse that molecule again and again. Further, you can stick some molecules together to form a reusable organism.
The problem with every real-world example of a system like this that I've encountered is that they remain wilfully unaware of the product being built.
When you're creating a bespoke Design System for a specific product, you have the opportunity to not just group common UI elements together, but to actually represent your core product concepts at many levels. I call this a Full Stack Design System.
Here's what a Full Stack Design System might consist of:
A shared conceptual model of your product. This is the diagram you'd draw on a whiteboard to explain how your product works at a system level. What are the main objects in your product? How do they interact?
Shared language that everyone on your team uses to refer to your objects. Remember, words matter. If designers, engineers, and support people all use the same word to describe the same thing, so much organisational fogginess goes away. Elizabeth, our Content Strategy Lead here at Intercom, calls this using "the same language from code to customer".
Shared design resources to quickly create mockups that accurately reflect our design systems. This often takes the form of a single Sketch file that everyone has access to. The file contains a Symbol for each object, and often multiple variations for displaying the same object at different sizes or in different contexts.
Shared code components that allow engineers to build these components and their variations, often with a single line of code. There should be a 1:1 mapping of the objects in Sketch and in our codebase.
Most importantly, there's a unifying thread through all of these levels. A 'Conversation' in Intercom – one of our core objects – is the same, very specific thing whether it's being sketched, described, designed or coded. If we want to change that object in some way, we can consistently change it across all levels. Teams are locked in and ambiguity disappears. In this way the sum of the system becomes much greater than the parts.
Here are examples of possible objects in products you know:
Facebook: Friend, Post, Message, Event, Page, Group.
Airbnb: Listing, Host, Guest, Trip, Experience.
Slack: Team, Member, Channel, Message, Reaction, Thread.
Intercom: Customer, Teammate, Message, Conversation, Article.
In each case, the objects don't just describe a UI widget. They mean something very specific in the context of the product.
A Full Stack Design System extends the component-based ideas of Atomic Design to be specific to our product and directly relevant to everyone involved in making it.
A real-life example
To illustrate, let's look at how we use the Conversation object when building Intercom.
First, we have an overview of the Conversation object in Build, an internal website that explains what each object is and how it interacts with the wider system:
Each object listed in Build has a nifty link that opens that object directly in our Designers' shared Sketch file:
And another that opens the code snippet used by engineers to implement the object:
Here's how we describe a Conversation in our publicly-available Glossary:
Our support teams and help doc authors consistently use the same language too:
At all levels of this stack – system model, user interface, implementation, documentation – we aim to capture the structure of our product in a consistent, meaningful way.
Why this works for Intercom
This idea is central to our design success at Intercom. We're still a fairly small company, yet we're building multiple products that are used in many different and powerful ways. It would be very easy for us to slip into that The Pit of Complexity. Yet we aspire to swim against the tide and actually make our products more simple and elegant, even as we add to what they can do.
Our strategy for achieving this is to use this small set of core objects that we can chain together into specific workflows. Every time we build something new at Intercom we ask ourselves how we can solve the problem using the materials we already have. New concepts naturally creep in as needed, but they are introduced consciously and we're diligent about merging concepts whenever we have the opportunity.
The product stays lean and precise despite growing in capability. We can polish the hell out of our core objects so that they get better over time, and those improvements show up in many places across all of our products. Reuse allows us to move faster.
And most importantly, our users don't have hundreds of concepts to keep in their heads all the time. When they adopt a new Intercom product, it already feels familiar because it's made up of the same stuff.
The system works
So that's how to keep your product out of The Pit. Think of what you're designing not as a series of screens but as a system of objects, and then realize those objects at every level: conception, design, build, marketing, support.
I'll be honest: I don't even know if this is going to fully work. I've tried, and I honestly can't think of any products that are both powerfully flexible and elegantly simple – suggestions welcome! Maybe it's impossible and The Pit awaits us all. But that doesn't seem like a great note to end a blog post.
What's more, I don't want to believe it's true. This very challenge is what's uniquely interesting to me about doing large-scale design work at a growing product-oriented company.
The early signs are promising. In all types of complex systems, from codebases to architecture, clarity comes from understanding first the whole as a series of modules, then zooming in to think of each module individually. John Gall wrote in his eponymous law that:
Complex systems can be designed, but to do so you must first sketch the outline. Only then can you start filling in the detail.
Similarly, to evolve and improve a complex system you must keep the overall system in mind at all times. We already know the alternatives don't work: tacking on new ideas piecemeal, resisting the need to grow the product, allowing many competing approaches to co-exist. We need a technique for holding both the micro and the macro in our tiny human skulls at the same time. Christopher Alexander, who wrote the book on designing with systems, wrote that:
Nowadays, the process of growth and development almost never seems to manage to create this subtle balance between the importance of the individual parts, and the coherence of the environment as a whole. One or the other always dominates.
Growing a product is an eternal balancing act. Applying a Design Systems approach to every level of your product – not just the UI – will help you to maintain control over that balance and prevent any one force from dominating too much.
Are you a product designer interested in solving these problems? Join our team – we're hiring.
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3.33 out of 5 (3)
Mowna Bazar Dhaka - Mymensingh Hwy, Mawna chowrasta, Sreepur, Gazipur-1740
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Agrani Bank Limited, Mawna in Sreepur, Gazipur
Agrani Bank Limited, a state owned leading commercial bank with 953 outlets strategically located in almost all the commercial areas throughout Bangladesh, overseas Exchange Houses and hundreds of overseas Correspondents, came into being as a Public Limited Company on May 17, 2007 with a view to take over the business, assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of the Agrani Bank which emerged as a nationalized commercial bank in 1972 immediately after the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent state. Agrani Bank Limited started functioning as a going concern basis through a Vendors Agreement signed between the ministry of finance, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh on behalf of the former Agrani Bank and the Board of Directors of Agrani Bank Limited on November 15, 2007 with retrospective effect from 01 July, 2007.
Agrani Bank Limited is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of 10 members headed by a Chairman. The Bank is headed by the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer; Managing Director is assisted by Deputy Managing Directors and General Managers. The bank has 11 Circle offices, 36 Divisions in head office, 53 zonal offices and 953 branches including 34 corporate , 42 AD (authorized dealer) branches and 5 subsidiary comapanies.
Agrani Bank Limited (ABL) is the first state-owned Commercial Bank in Bangladesh to introduce Agent Banking. Currently ABL has 200 agent booths who are operating Agent Banking activities around the rural areas of Bangladesh. In Agrani Bank Limited, Islamic Banking system is operated under 'Islamic Banking Unit' since February 28, 2010 through 5 Islamic Banking Windows.
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German carmakers on tenterhooks ahead of diesel ban ruling
Diesel is becoming less and less popular. [Shanti Hesse / Shutterstock]
A court will decide on Thursday (22 February) whether German cities can ban heavily polluting cars, potentially wiping hundreds of millions of euros off the value of diesel cars on the country's roads.
Environmental group DUH has sued Stuttgart in Germany's carmaking heartland, and Düsseldorf over levels of particulate matter exceeding European Union limits after Volkswagen's (VOWG_p.DE) 2015 admission to cheating diesel exhaust tests.
The scandal led politicians across the world to scrutinize diesel emissions, which contain the matter and nitrogen oxide (NOx) and are known to cause respiratory disease.
There are around 15 million diesel vehicles on German streets and environmental groups say levels of particulates exceed the EU threshold in at least 90 German towns and cities.
Local courts ordered them to bar diesel cars which did not conform to the latest standards on days when pollution is heavy, startling German carmakers because an outright ban could trigger a fall in vehicle resale prices, and a rise in the cost of leasing contracts, which are priced on assumed residual values.
The German states concerned, where the carmakers and their suppliers have a strong influence, appealed against the decisions, leaving Germany's federal administrative court – the court of last resort for such matters – to rule on whether such bans can legally be imposed at local level.
"The key question is whether bans can already be considered to be legal instruments," said Remo Klinger, a lawyer for DUH. "It's a completely open question of law."
Paris, Madrid, Mexico City and Athens have said they plan to ban diesel vehicles from city centers by 2025, while the mayor of Copenhagen wants to ban new diesel cars from entering the city as soon as next year. France and Britain will ban new petrol and diesel cars by 2040 in a shift to electric vehicles.
Germany mulls free public transport to quash air pollution menace
"Car nation" Germany has surprised its European neighbours with a radical proposal to reduce road traffic by making public transport free, as Berlin scrambles to meet EU air pollution targets and avoid big fines.
Diesel? Nein danke
Evercore ISI forecasts a 5% fall in diesel residual values could result in a drop of €1.6 billion in operating profit across eight European and U.S. carmakers.
Analysts at Bernstein Research have said that diesel bans in Europe would hit French carmaker Peugeot hardest, followed by Renault. Among German carmakers, Daimler's global fleet exposure to diesel is around 38 percent, BMW's 35% and VW's (VOWG_p.DE) 26%, Bernstein said in a report from 2016.
Carmakers have sought to avert total bans by updating engine management systems to improve exhaust-treatment filters, a step only possible on vehicles equipped with software-based engine-management systems.
Environmental groups have called software updates insufficient and have lobbied for cars with Euro-6 and Euro-5 emissions standards to receive hardware updates of their exhaust treatment systems, costing at least €1,500 per vehicle.
Europe's love affair with diesel is already fading, with its market share in the European Union falling from 53.6% at the end of 2014 to 49.9% at the end of 2016, European automotive association ACEA's most recent data shows.
Diesel to petrol shift poses 'serious challenge' to CO2 reduction
Falling demand for diesel-powered cars is having a "brutal" impact on carmakers while the EU's CO2 reduction policy is jeopardising a fragile recovery in sales, the president of the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) told reporters on Wednesday (31 January).


Recognising the importance of well-trained people to the success of any beverage production operation, Sidel, the leading global provider of PET solutions for liquid packaging, has published a new technical training catalogue.
Automated solutions are fundamental to Sidel's commitment to adding value to beverage production operations. However, the company also recognises the vital role that people have to play in optimising the performance of a bottling line, with the right training providing the capability for faster detection of potential issues, the minimising of downtime, improved product quality, greater efficiencies and much more.
Global trends are bringing new challenges for beverage producers. Increasingly flexible production, consistently safe high quality products, reliable equipment, greater integrity of beverages and brands throughout the supply chain, reduced consumption and lower costs: all are now expected by the modern producer. Effective training designed to improve skills and thereby increase performance is a basic requirement in helping to achieve these goals.
The new 'Sidel Technical Training Catalogue 2015' contains Sidel's comprehensive range of training programmes. From courses on equipment - blowing and coating, filling (including aseptic and sensitive), Combi's, labelling, wrapping systems, end of line and palletising – to those dedicated to packaging processes, diagnostics and technical management, the catalogue features over 350 courses. It also includes details of competence audits, an invaluable means of identifying the current position regarding staff knowledge and technical competence, providing the benchmark from which a customised training plan can be tailored for each individual.
The objective of Sidel's training programmes is to enable a customer to become an expert on their own production line. Practical training is therefore very much a focus, with all of Sidel's trainers having many years of field experience as Sidel Services™ technicians, ensuring they have in-depth knowledge of real-life production issues which relate directly to the beverage business. To assist in this practical approach, the courses are based on active teaching methods which include basic skills training supported by multi-media tools and practical activities.
Many of the courses are delivered at Sidel's dedicated Technical Training Centres. There are seven located around the world (USA, France, Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Malaysia and China), demonstrating the importance that Sidel attributes to training and the focus the company has on transferring its global knowledge to producers at a local level. All of the centres are equipped with machines, simulators, laboratory equipment, sub-assemblies and assembly benches for practical skills training. At the new training facility in China, a complete PET beverage production line has recently been installed to provide a full experience of the PET bottling process. Training programmes can also be tailored to customers' specific requirements, including the option to deliver the training at a customer's own production sites if required.
Sidel has been conducting training programmes for over 40 years and now trains over 5,000 people annually, completing more than 20,000 student days delivered in multiple languages, using various techniques and 96% give us a 'very good' score for training delivery. The training sessions are adapted to each step in a customer's equipment life cycle, providing the means to evaluate and innovate through a workforce that really understands the capabilities of the bottling line and who can manage it safely and efficiently.
Training is part of the Sidel Services™ portfolio, which also includes Maintenance, Line Improvement, Spare Parts & Logistics, Line Conversions & Moulds, and Packaging. A copy of the new 2015 Sidel Technical Training Catalogue is available at sidel.com/training.


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Boy Genius Report puts together the pieces that hint the Tesla Model 3 might have a cutting-edge head-up display in place of traditional instruments.
Reevu, that company that makes those nifty helmets with the built-in rear viewers has another innovation for those of the two-wheeled persuasion. Expanding on the idea of a rear viewer, Reevu seems to have integrated a display into the top of the visor.
We recently reported that a growing number of cars are offering head-up display units from the factory, but Garmin has come up with an innovative device to add this helpful technology to just about any vehicle. For just $129.99, the Garmin HUD unit is small, portable and can display navigation commands on the windshield (or an attached reflector lens) so the driver doesn't have to look away from the road.
Tony Stark isn't the only one with a heads up display (HUD) in his helmet.
Automotive head-up displays to get second wind as safety devices?
Having gone from the C5 Corvette to the bygone Lexus HS 250h to the BMW 7 Series, the heads-up display has entered the "Meh..." phase of technology. To return it to the avant-garde, makers of such displays are working on new and larger applications of the technology that can provide new types of safety information without distracting drivers.
Kia has released the first commercial for the upcoming K9. The flagship sedan is set for a South Korean launch later this year, and details are beginning to emerge about the big four door. Power is said to come from either a 296 horsepower 3.3-liter V6 or a 3.8-liter V6 with 329 hp. The model will also be a showcase for new tech, including adaptive LED headlights that not only track with the steering mechanism but also adjust with the vehicle's speed to give the driver a greater field of view.
It doesn't matter what kind of company you are: if you have new tech to show off, you must go to CES. The automakers will always unveil their latest models at the auto shows, but new entrants to the massively exploding infotainment segment are saved for Vegas.
Across the Audi stand from the new A3's interior and updated Audi Connect system was a prototype of the next-next-generation of heads-up display technology.
Welcome to TRANSLOGIC World Report: Your weekly roundup of transportation tech news from around the web.
Keeping your eyes on the road is of the utmost importance no matter what kind of vehicle you are piloting. To that end, automakers all over the world have experimented with heads-up displays that show such vital information as your speed and navigation directions right on the windshield in front of the driver.


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I am building a training plan out of New Alpinism for the Harvard Route on Mt. Huntington this spring. I am a full time mountain guide who has done 8 west buttress trips. We are planning to arrive in Talkeetna on May 1. My question is this- I am living in Las Vegas this season and have been full time rock guiding (14 days a month, mostly longish moderate routes) for 2 months, with December also looking busy, but I'll be working very little after that until March. My question is this- Can I count these three months of rock guiding as base training and just add in some more specific base cardio workouts starting now, continuing into the new year before I begin a specific training period, or am I better off just having a shortened (12 month total) training plan? I have been very careful this season not to let myself fatigue, and am feeling well rested most of the time. I am happy to pay for the answer, cheers.
These long guiding days have a training effect for sure but not the same as if you were out with friends or even if you were mountain guiding where you are were moving more continuously all day.
The Red Rocks approaches and descents are not super long or with especially big vertical involved. So I think you can see that that there is some sort of factor we need to take into account when considering base training effect when compared to guide working in more alpine terrain.
How much is that factor is tough to say. Here's why: You're already a fit guy. The fitter one becomes the more training load it takes to induce a significant training effect. Here is a simple example. Say you want to train to run but have never done so. When you first start maybe even running a mile will cause a big training effect because your capacity for this type of work is so low. After a month or so of daily runs that mile will be come easier and if you don't increase the distance or speed your body will stop adapting to what was once a big load for it. In fact if the load is held static for too long the adaptations begin to fall away and you actually become less fit. This is why the training load must progress to keep the adaptation process occurring.
For you a day on Cat in the Hat is not going to have much training stimulus. But how much? I can't say because I don't know you. Only you can judge that. My recommendation based on the above is that you should be supplementing guiding days with additional aerobic training up to the point where you can tell you've gotten a good training day. This might mean nothing but putting your feet up and watching TV or it might mean a 3 hour run in the Park after work depending on your fitness.
So, its not as easy or as formulaic as your question implies. Steve and I have struggled for years trying to help guides figure out how to add training to an already physically demanding job. So far all we have come up with is telling guides the above.
Look at the key workouts for the period you are in and try to hit them in the week as they fit in. I suggest making the most of Jan/Feb doing a mix if lots of basic running/hiking as much as you can tolerate while adding in specific work like uphill water carries for muscular endurance since that is the main quality you will need in AK (steep slogging). Maybe 2x/wk in those months. Then, when work kicks up again in March drop those ME workouts down to maintenance level (when ever you can fit them in, say 1x/10-14 days) with maintenance of aerobic base running/hiking up to your tolerance.


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It was 3:00 in the afternoon on Tuesday, August 10th, and as I walked in the back of the Berklee Performance Center I could feel the heightened excitement in the room. Berklee City Music 5 week students were rehearsing and sound checking for the big Scholarship Concert that night. Nervous anticipation abounded, and there was great excitement for that evening's festivities.
Berklee scholarships were to be awarded to the seniors, and no one knew how many or to whom they were going.
I sat down in the audience later, armed with my camera, and wondering how these students were going to perform under the pressure of such a large audience and the looming scholarship announcements. I was amazed at the high level of musicianship and professionalism displayed by these students.
In the end 14 Berklee Scholarships were awarded to 14 remarkable young people. We all look forward to see them grow and realize their full potential.


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U.S. to stop taking payments from drillers, miners for damage to public land
(Reuters) - The Trump administration on Tuesday said it would no longer require oil drillers, miners and other industries to compensate for damage they cause to public lands under their permitted projects, in a bid to speed up development on federal lands.
The move, the latest effort by the administration to help businesses by rolling back environmental protections, was announced in a memo from the Department of Interior to Bureau of Land Management officials.
"The BLM must not require compensatory mitigation from public land users," the memo said.
Interior spokeswoman Faith Vander Voort confirmed the policy change and said industries had paid $152 million for compensatory mitigation to both BLM and approved third parties since 2008.
Compensatory mitigation is defined as any activity, payment or action focused on an area that is intended to offset damage to another area where permitted activity is under way.
For instance, a mining company might pay to establish habitat conservation areas in exchange for expanding its operations on other public lands.
Until now, the United States has required companies to provide compensatory mitigation.
In the memo, BLM said it would still consider voluntary proposals for compensatory mitigation and said it would not authorize activity that causes unnecessary harm.
Environmentalists portrayed the move as a handout to industry.
"This is the latest dismal action by (Interior) Secretary Zinke and the Trump administration to put special interests ahead of our natural heritage," Center for Biological Diversity Government Affairs Director Brett Hartl said in an email. "It is deeply out of touch with the values of all Americans that support a healthy environment and vibrant wildlife communities."
The move comes less than a week after the Trump administration proposed changes to the U.S. Endangered Species Act that conservation groups slammed as an assault on wildlife protections.
Reporting by Nichola Groom; editing by Diane Craft


text:
Q: How to design routes for generalized/specialized resources I hope I can explain what is troubling me.
Example: I have an object basket with a list of fruit objects. So normally I would build my routes like this baskets/{basketId}/fruits/{fruitId). But fruit is an interface and there are different implementations like apples and oranges that all require their own resource representation.
So how do I build my routes now?
Like one of those?:

*

*baskets/{basketId}/fruits/{fruitId}/apple,
baskets/{basketId}/fruits/{fruitId)/orange and so on

*baskets/{basketId}/fruits/{fruitId}/apples/{fruitId} ,
baskets/{basketId}/fruits/{fruitId}/oranges/{fruitId}

*baskets/{basketId}/apples/{fruitId},
baskets/{basketId}/oranges/{fruitId}
What would be the restful way?

A: The point of an interface is to hide the fact that there are different possible implementations. When you sit in a restaurant, basically you care only that you'll get service from someone. You may or may not be aware that you might get service from Jose, Marcia, or Stephanie, and you definitely don't want to have to do different things in order to get the same cheeseburger from different waiters. Your view of the transaction as a consumer is "get a cheeseburger", not "talk to Jose"/"talk to Marcia"/"talk to Stephanie".
If the consumer has to know about all the possible implementations, and which one he wants to access, then for purposes of your API you might just as well not have an interface, since you're not actually saving the effort that it's supposed to save. It can still be useful to make details of the implementation easier, but as long as the difference between the alternative object classes is externally visible, the interface ceases to be a useful API component.

A: I assume all the fruits, apples, oranges, and so one, all have fruit ids. So if you want to reference a specific fruit in a basket, then:

/baskets/{basketId}/fruits/{fruitId)

is still valid. However, if the "fruitId" is unique, it would me much better to just use

/fruits/{fruitId)

However, if you only want to see certain types of fruits in a basket, then you can take advantage of the query string in it's role of "narrowing" the resource:

baskets/{basketId}?fruits=mango

or

baskets/{basketId}?fruits=apple&fruits=banana

Once you get that list of items, each should have it's own ID & you can get them individually if you like.
From a RESTful point of view, there are two resources here:

*

*a collection of the fruits in a given basket

*an individual fruit
Use the query string to limit the collection resource, and use the (shorter) fruitId once you know which specific one you want.
BTW The problem remains the same if you are selecting fruits from someone's hat:

/hat/{hatId}?fruits=bananas&fruits=pineapples

EDIT: (taken from comments so it will be more readable)
To add an apple

POST /basket/{id}
(the apple representation)

POST is often considered the "append" verb, but you could use PUT. Note that you're appending the apple to the basket collection, so you use the collection URI.
To find the apples in the basket:

GET /basket/{id}?fruits=apple

EDIT EDIT: If you have some other code/value/attribute in mind, just support that in the query string:

GET /basket/{id}?color=red

A: The most RESTful way would probably be to define separate routes for each fruit type:
baskets/{basketId}/apples
baskets/{basketId}/apples/{appleId}
baskets/{basketId}/bananas
baskets/{basketId}/bananas/{fruitId}
... other fruits

And use a different media type for each fruit, e.g.:
application/vnd.com.example.apple+json
application/vnd.com.example.banana+json

In this case you would need to request a list of every possible type and handle them individually.
A less RESTful solution might be to treat fruit as the interface that it sounds like it is, and just get a list of them.
baskets/{basketId}/fruits
baskets/{basketId}/fruits/{fruitId}

Since JSON is usually schema-less, each item can look completely different, and you could use some identifying characteristic to map each to the specific fruit class which understands its JSON representation and contains its behavior.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Caleb Scofield has died at the age of 39.
Scofield – bassist and vocalist for metal bands Cave In, Old Man Gloom and Zozobra, which he fronted – died in a car accident on Wednesday, New England Cable News reports. The musician was in his truck when it collided with a toll booth in New Hampshire. He was 39.
Scofield joined Cave In in 1998, three years after its inception and after a revolving door of bassists. They released their debut album, Until Your Heart Stops, on Hydra Head that same year. The band later signed to RCA and in 2003 released Antenna, but returned to their Hydra Head roots for their subsequent albums. Scofield remained in the group through all five of the group's studio albums and through the band's evolving sound, which he helped shape with his growling vocals and somber bass tones. Cave In went on hiatus in 2006, but in 2009 they reunited and released two more albums.
Outside of Cave In, Scofield joined sludge-metal supergroup Old Man Gloom, fronted by Hydra Head and Isis' Aaron Turner. Their most recent studio album, The Ape of God, were released in 2014 via Profound Lore. Scofield also formed and served as the frontman of Zozobra, which featured Cave In members Adam McGrath and J.R. Conners and then-Isis member Aaron Harris.
"I'm not ready to talk about this yet, but I just wanted to say that Caleb will always be in my heart," Harris wrote on Instagram, along with posting a photo of them together.


text:
Biércol puede hacer referencia a dos plantas de la tribu ericeae que también reciben el nombre de brezo:

 el nombre común de la planta Calluna vulgaris.
 el nombre común de la planta Erica cinerea
 el nombre común de la planta Erica vagans'.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Do you need aftermarket or spare parts for your new or used Viper AS510B riding floor scrubber? We have all of your Viper AS510B parts in stock and ready to ship anywhere in the world. We are an OEM Tennant parts dealer and can get you the best brushes, squeegees, motors or any other Viper AS510B component you need fast at the lowest price.


text:
Fined $2k Over Drug Possession
As of Tuesday, November 17, 2020
Tribune Staff Reporter
A 29-year-old man who was found with more than five ounces of drugs was fined $2,150 in the Magistrate's Court yesterday.
Police arrested Kirklyn Saunders after they found 2.18 ounces of Indian Hemp and 3.38 ounces of hashish in his vehicle on November 14.
He pleaded guilty to one count each of simple possession and marijuana possession with the intent to supply during a hearing before Chief Magistrate Joyann Ferguson-Pratt.
He was arraigned alongside Devante Poldor, 24, who was also charged with deceiving a police officer. Poldor denied being in possession of marijuana, but admitted to giving an officer a false name.
The prosecution said around 5pm that day, officers observed the accused riding in a silver coloured Nissan along Wentworth Street in a suspicious manner.
Officers beckoned for the car to stop and ordered Saunders and Poldor to get out of the vehicle. The accused were then informed that they would be searched. During their investigation, officers did not find anything on Saunders or Poldor.
When they searched their vehicle, officers discovered a brown paper bag containing $170 worth of suspected marijuana along with a clear bag containing $1,900 of suspected hashish. The accused were subsequently arrested.
At the time of their arrest, Poldor told officers his name was Rashad Curry; however, when the accused were taken to the Grove Police Station for questioning, investigations revealed his real name was in fact Devante Poldor. As a result, he was charged with deceiving a public officer. During his interview, Saunders acknowledged that officers found the drugs in the car he was in, but denied having knowledge of their existence.
Saunders told the magistrate he was very sorry for his actions. He claimed that he was a "heavy smoker" and bought the drugs for his personal use so he wouldn't have to keep going "back and forth".
After listening to his explanation, Magistrate Ferguson-Pratt told Saunders that he was beyond the age of "boyish curiosity" and needed to wake up and face the reality of being a man, which in this case, would be taking responsibility for his actions. As a result, she fined him $350 or three months in prison for simple possession and $1,800 or six months in custody for marijuana possession with the intent of supply. Magistrate Ferguson-Pratt said Saunders will have to pay both fines before he is released.
Poldor on the other hand, was fined $300 for deceiving a police officer and ordered to be of good behaviour for 12 months. Magistrate Ferguson-Pratt warned the accused that if he wasn't, he would be sentenced to three months behind bars. The prosecution opted to withdraw the simple drug possession charge that was brought against him.
Prison officer behind bars
$250 fine for marijuana
20-year-old fined for marijuana
Two conditionally discharged after agreeing to counselling
$6.2m drug suspect denied bail by court


text:
San Francisco Symphony told me last September that a redesign of their web site was in the works. It is finally on line, and a vast improvement it is: better layout, better typography, much prettier, and best of all, much, much easier to navigate.
I would take issue with the amount of orange on white print, and somehow the search box has gone missing. Well, it didn't always work right. I remember searching on "Thomas" and getting two results. Maybe a new, improved search box is in the works.
Posted by Lisa Hirsch at March 29, 2008 7 comments:
On Right Now, As In, NOW
To celebrate the fact that Deborah Voigt and Ben Heppner are finally singing together, the Met is streaming Tristan und Isolde live. Go to the Met home page and click the obvious graphic. You need RealPlayer (sorry).
Peter Gelb just told the audience that DVo & HeppB are both singing - hooray! The originally-scheduled Brangaene seems to be ill, however, so first-cast member Michelle DeYoung is taking the performance.
Today's Times contains an amazing article about the reconstruction of a sound recording made in 1860.
Yes, you read that right: 1860, seventeen years before Thomas Edison received his phonograph patent. The catch here is that the recording, in the form of a phonautogram, was never intended for playback. It's a visual record of sound, made by a device called a phonautograph. Here's how the Times describes the phonautograph, which is illustrated in the article:
[The] device had a barrel-shaped horn attached to a stylus, which etched sound waves onto sheets of paper blackened by smoke from an oil lamp. The recordings were not intended for listening; the idea of audio playback had not been conceived. Rather, Scott sought to create a paper record of human speech that could later be deciphered.
Scientists from Lawrence Berkeley Labs figured out how to interpret the sounds thus recorded - a fragment of the song "Au Claire de la Lune." The article includes an mp3 version of the phonautogram, which is about on par with the Mapleson cylinders for audio quality, as well as a perfectly lovely 1931 rendition by an unidentified soprano.
The oldest phonautograms known are from 1853 and 1854!
If you're interested in old recordings - and who isn't? - the Association for Recorded Sound Collections is having its annual convention at Stanford this year, starting, uh, today - and there will be a session devoted to the phonautograph and phonautograms. I wish someone had told me about this a month ago, because I would have planned to attend some of the sessions.
In any event, read, and enjoy, the thrilling detective story that is the Times article.
Posted by Lisa Hirsch at March 27, 2008 11 comments:
Oh, Just Review It
Tim Mangan and Justin Davidson were sent the same CD, then asked by email not to review it. Tim revealed that the CD is the Ahn Trio's Lullaby for My Favorite Insomniac, which certainly sounds like the easy-listening version of whatever the Ahn normally performs.
Posted by Lisa Hirsch at March 27, 2008 No comments:
I finally started reading the most talked-about book of 2007, and today I find that there are 70,000 copies in print. Uh, wow! Congratulations to the proud author.
Needless to Say, I'm Not Quoted
KDFC releases the results of a listener survey, and I have my head in my hands.
Even the Lazy
Bernard Holland reviews the Brentano Quartet in today's Times - well, no, actually he doesn't. The quartet is allowed only 97 of the 307 words in the review. The other 210 are ruminations on the matter of late style in Brahms, Shostakovich, and Mendelssohn, and those 97 words tell me only that the Brentano is young and energetic. Holland closes with this gem:
One awaits the Brentano's late period. As excess energy wears off with the years, I think it will settle into the possibility that music making, like life, is more than trying hard; it also incorporates the easygoing, the calm, the gently ironic — even the lazy.
Labels: BH
Compare and Contrast 8
Reviews of Kaija Saariaho's string quartet Terra Memoria:
Bernard Holland in the Times
Me, in San Francisco Classical Voice
Richard Scheinin in the Murk, best of all
Labels: compare, review roundup
Is It Too Late?
There's something truly operatic about watching a powerful public official tumble into the abyss, his promising career wrecked by a scandal.
But I've been wondering if 48 is too late to start a singing career, because Eliot Spitzer may shortly be in a position to make his Met debut singing soprano.
I picked up tickets for this week's San Francisco Symphony concert with some trepidation, because on the program were two works by MTT hisownself. The last piece of his I'd heard, the overblown, 40-minute Island Music, for two marimbas, had sounded like something produced by an undergraduate composer who'd listened to way, way, way too much late 70s Glass and Reich. Not only that, it sat on a concert between masterpieces, a selection of Berio's tiny, marvelous violin duets and Janacek's monumental Glagolitic Mass.
Not to worry: last night's selections between them were half the length of Island Music. One of them, the cheery occasional piece Agnegram, was sufficiently amusing, with its Bernstein-like gestures, klaxons, and jokes, that I'd be happy to hear it again. It's a superb little curtain-raiser.
Notturno, written in honor of the now-retired Paul Renzi, long the principal flutist of the San Francisco Symphony, is another matter. MTT's comments indicate that it's an hommage to a type of work that has fallen out of favor, the light virtuoso showpiece. The composer cites hearing concerts by Jascha Heifetz and other performers of that era, on which he'd heard this kind of chestnut. He was aiming for a similar feel.
You need two things to make this type of work convincing: the ability to write an unselfconscious showpiece and a virtuoso who can bring it off with perfect aplomb and plenty of panache, without breaking a sweat and making it all sound very, very easy.
In an age of irony, meeting that first requirement is tough, and Notturno doesn't make it. On one hand, each section is derived from some past style of popular showpiece. First the English countryside goes by, and you think of Ralph Vaughn Williams. Then there's a tarantella and you think of sunny Italy. Then there's a section with Spanish rhythms, and you think of Bizet and how much better he was at writing Spanish-style music. You also think of De Falla and his superb settings of Spanish folk songs. Toward the end, you start thinking it's too long. If you're going to try to pull this kind of piece off, you need to do it better than Notturno does it.
On the other hand, you read the program notes and discover the piece has a subtext about the life of a performer. I'm glad I read the program notes after the concert. Advice to the budding composer: some things are better left unsaid. Resist the temptation to talk too much about your own music, especially when you are really good when talking about music by other composers.
Then there's that second requirement, the virtuoso performer with fingers of steel. Well, Paula Robison played all the notes, as far as I could tell, but the rest? She flubbed attacks left and right, not quite landing squarely on an astonishing number of pitches. Lots of air in her tone, which was nothing special to begin with, and I'm not talking about the section where the flutist is clearly supposed to play with a lot of air in the tone, trying to sound faintly bluesy. Tim Day, the Symphony's principal flutist, would have played this piece much better.
The first half of the concert closed a meandering and unfocussed performance of Sibelius's compact Seventh Symphony. A friend tells me he heard pastel colors and a song all of one piece; I heard shapelessness, lack of forward movement, and a conductor without much feel for the work's tricky rhythmic organization. Esa-Pekka Salonen - you knew I'd say this - played it much more persuasively in Los Angeles this past October.
I'd like to say that my seat in the center terrace had something to do with how the Sibelius came off, because of the wide variation in sound quality in different sections of Davies. But the Shostakovich Ninth, which closed the program, sounded crisp and clear and focussed. Whatever happened in the Sibelius was what MTT intended.
And hearing the Shostakovich was like listening to another conductor entirely, one fully in charge and in command of the composer's rhetoric. And an entertaining rhetoric it is, all cheeky circus music in the outer movements, with much beautiful solo work for the winds in the inner movements. Hooray for Carey Bell, Catherine Payne, and especially principal bassoonist Stephen Paulson; they were all great. Joshua Kosman's review gets it just right, and in more detail.


text:
package docker

import (
	"archive/tar"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"

	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
	"github.com/mitchellh/packer/packer"
)

type Communicator struct {
	ContainerId  string
	HostDir      string
	ContainerDir string
	Version      *version.Version
	Config       *Config
	lock         sync.Mutex
}

func (c *Communicator) Start(remote *packer.RemoteCmd) error {
	var cmd *exec.Cmd
	if c.Config.Pty {
		cmd = exec.Command("docker", "exec", "-i", "-t", c.ContainerId, "/bin/sh", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("(%s)", remote.Command))
	} else {
		cmd = exec.Command("docker", "exec", "-i", c.ContainerId, "/bin/sh", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("(%s)", remote.Command))
	}

	var (
		stdin_w io.WriteCloser
		err     error
	)

	stdin_w, err = cmd.StdinPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	stderr_r, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	stdout_r, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Run the actual command in a goroutine so that Start doesn't block
	go c.run(cmd, remote, stdin_w, stdout_r, stderr_r)

	return nil
}

func (c *Communicator) Upload(dst string, src io.Reader, fi *os.FileInfo) error {
	// Create a temporary file to store the upload
	tempfile, err := ioutil.TempFile(c.HostDir, "upload")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer os.Remove(tempfile.Name())

	// Copy the contents to the temporary file
	_, err = io.Copy(tempfile, src)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if fi != nil {
		tempfile.Chmod((*fi).Mode())
	}
	tempfile.Close()

	// Copy the file into place by copying the temporary file we put
	// into the shared folder into the proper location in the container
	cmd := &packer.RemoteCmd{
		Command: fmt.Sprintf("command cp %s/%s %s", c.ContainerDir,
			filepath.Base(tempfile.Name()), dst),
	}

	if err := c.Start(cmd); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Wait for the copy to complete
	cmd.Wait()
	if cmd.ExitStatus != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Upload failed with non-zero exit status: %d", cmd.ExitStatus)
	}

	return nil
}

func (c *Communicator) UploadDir(dst string, src string, exclude []string) error {
	// Create the temporary directory that will store the contents of "src"
	// for copying into the container.
	td, err := ioutil.TempDir(c.HostDir, "dirupload")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer os.RemoveAll(td)

	walkFn := func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		relpath, err := filepath.Rel(src, path)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		hostpath := filepath.Join(td, relpath)

		// If it is a directory, just create it
		if info.IsDir() {
			return os.MkdirAll(hostpath, info.Mode())
		}

		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == os.ModeSymlink {
			dest, err := os.Readlink(path)

			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			return os.Symlink(dest, hostpath)
		}

		// It is a file, copy it over, including mode.
		src, err := os.Open(path)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer src.Close()

		dst, err := os.Create(hostpath)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer dst.Close()

		if _, err := io.Copy(dst, src); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		si, err := src.Stat()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		return dst.Chmod(si.Mode())
	}

	// Copy the entire directory tree to the temporary directory
	if err := filepath.Walk(src, walkFn); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Determine the destination directory
	containerSrc := filepath.Join(c.ContainerDir, filepath.Base(td))
	containerDst := dst
	if src[len(src)-1] != '/' {
		containerDst = filepath.Join(dst, filepath.Base(src))
	}

	// Make the directory, then copy into it
	cmd := &packer.RemoteCmd{
		Command: fmt.Sprintf("set -e; mkdir -p %s; cd %s; command cp -R `ls -A .` %s",
			containerDst, containerSrc, containerDst),
	}
	if err := c.Start(cmd); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Wait for the copy to complete
	cmd.Wait()
	if cmd.ExitStatus != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Upload failed with non-zero exit status: %d", cmd.ExitStatus)
	}

	return nil
}

// Download pulls a file out of a container using `docker cp`. We have a source
// path and want to write to an io.Writer, not a file. We use - to make docker
// cp to write to stdout, and then copy the stream to our destination io.Writer.
func (c *Communicator) Download(src string, dst io.Writer) error {
	log.Printf("Downloading file from container: %s:%s", c.ContainerId, src)
	localCmd := exec.Command("docker", "cp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", c.ContainerId, src), "-")

	pipe, err := localCmd.StdoutPipe()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Failed to open pipe: %s", err)
	}

	if err = localCmd.Start(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Failed to start download: %s", err)
	}

	// When you use - to send docker cp to stdout it is streamed as a tar; this
	// enables it to work with directories. We don't actually support
	// directories in Download() but we still need to handle the tar format.
	archive := tar.NewReader(pipe)
	_, err = archive.Next()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Failed to read header from tar stream: %s", err)
	}

	numBytes, err := io.Copy(dst, archive)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Failed to pipe download: %s", err)
	}
	log.Printf("Copied %d bytes for %s", numBytes, src)

	if err = localCmd.Wait(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Failed to download '%s' from container: %s", src, err)
	}

	return nil
}

func (c *Communicator) DownloadDir(src string, dst string, exclude []string) error {
	return fmt.Errorf("DownloadDir is not implemented for docker")
}

// Runs the given command and blocks until completion
func (c *Communicator) run(cmd *exec.Cmd, remote *packer.RemoteCmd, stdin io.WriteCloser, stdout, stderr io.ReadCloser) {
	// For Docker, remote communication must be serialized since it
	// only supports single execution.
	c.lock.Lock()
	defer c.lock.Unlock()

	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	repeat := func(w io.Writer, r io.ReadCloser) {
		io.Copy(w, r)
		r.Close()
		wg.Done()
	}

	if remote.Stdout != nil {
		wg.Add(1)
		go repeat(remote.Stdout, stdout)
	}

	if remote.Stderr != nil {
		wg.Add(1)
		go repeat(remote.Stderr, stderr)
	}

	// Start the command
	log.Printf("Executing %s:", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "))
	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Error executing: %s", err)
		remote.SetExited(254)
		return
	}

	var exitStatus int

	if remote.Stdin != nil {
		go func() {
			io.Copy(stdin, remote.Stdin)
			// close stdin to support commands that wait for stdin to be closed before exiting.
			stdin.Close()
		}()
	}

	wg.Wait()
	err := cmd.Wait()

	if exitErr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
		exitStatus = 1

		// There is no process-independent way to get the REAL
		// exit status so we just try to go deeper.
		if status, ok := exitErr.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus); ok {
			exitStatus = status.ExitStatus()
		}
	}

	// Set the exit status which triggers waiters
	remote.SetExited(exitStatus)
}


Førstkommende lørdag, 29. juli 2017, feirer vi Olsok, høytiden for Norges vernehelgen, den hellige Olav.
Det blir høymesse på Lunden kl. 10.00, som vanlig på en lørdag.
"This is the beauty of consecration: it is joy, joy…". The joy of bringing God's consolation to all. These are the words spoken by Pope Francis during his meeting with seminarians and novices. "There is no holiness in sadness", the Holy Father continued. Do not grieve like others who have no hope, wrote St. Paul (1Thess 4:13).


South Korea – Instagrammable cafes have been popping up all over the world, some with minimalistic interior designs, some have every corner decked with flowers. No doubt, there are pretty looking cafes everywhere, even in Singapore, but don't we all agree that Korea puts themselves way ahead of many of us?
Here, we've put together 5 cafes around Hongdae for you to visit when you're in Seoul!
TTUL, short for Talk To You Later, is a cute and pinkish café located in Yeonnam-dong, a 10 to 15 minutes' walk away from Hongik University Station. The exterior might look slightly unappealing, but its interior screams pink and gives off a summer holiday vibe.
Just like any other café, TTUL serves coffee, tea, and other beverages ranging from SGD $5 to SGD $14. A Hazelnut latte costs 5000 won (SGD $6.10) and they've also got Cherry coke at 4500 won (SGD $5.50). Apart from drinks, TTUL offers an array of desserts for you to choose from such as a Salted Caramel Blondie, Strawberry Cake and Pumpkin Pie.
Coffee Nap Roasters boasts a minimalistic interior design that gives off a very calm vibe. If you're a coffee person and are always looking for good coffee to drink, then Coffee Nap Roasters is the café for you. There are very few seats provided within the café, however they do have a stair-like space for you to sit down to enjoy your cup of coffee.
They do not have an extensive menu, serving only the usual few types of coffee – Latte at 5000 won (SGD $6.10), Espresso at 4500 won (SGD $5.50) etc., a few other non-coffee drinks – Apple Tea at 6000 won (SGD $7.30) and a handful of desserts with prices ranging from SGD $6 to SGD $8.
A 10 minutes' walk away from Hongik University Station, is Dessert Lab (디저트연구소), a floral themed café that is still rather minimalistic, there are even neon lights both in and outside the café that enhances its entire look.
Dessert Lab serves a variety of cute looking desserts, such as cakes in the form of a cactus and a sunflower. An Iced Caramel Latte costs 5800 won (SGD $7), a regular Iced latte will cost 5100 won (SGD $6.20). Apart from coffee drinks, Dessert Lab also serve smoothies at 5900 won (SGD $7.20) each, yogurt smoothies at 6800 won (SGD $8.30) each and teas at either 5000 won (SGD $6.10) for hot teas or 5200 won (SGD $6.30) for iced ones.
If you're a fan of floral themed cafes, then you'll have to visit this café. Arriate is a fresh herb tea house located at about a 5 minutes' walk away from Hongik University Station Exit 9. This café's interior is decked in plants and flowers such as baby breaths, roses and daisies and even on the outside, there are red roses everywhere.
Arriate serves a variety of teas, their dry herb teas such as Peppermint tea and Rosemary tea are at 7000 won (SGD $8.45) per cup (hot) and 7500 won (SGD$ 9.05) per cup (iced). They also serve the usual selection of coffees ranging from 4500 won (SGD $5.50) to 5500 won (SGD $6.65), Ades, Fresh juice and even Mojito. Cakes such as Double Cheese Cake and Oreo Milk Cake are priced at 6000 won (SGD $7.30) each.
Located near Hongik University Station Exit 6, Florté is another floral themed café with both an outdoor and indoor seating area. It isn't as heavily decked in flowers compared to Arriate but both its interior and exterior are pretty for photo taking. They've also put in quite a bit of effort to make sure that even the food they serve fits the theme of their café.
Florté serves Flower teas at 6000 won (SGD$7.30) per cup (hot) and 6500 won (SGD $7.85) per cup (iced), they have got a wide selection of coffees to choose from, such as Iced Caramel Macchiato at 6600won (SGD $8) and Vanilla Latte at 5300won (SGD $6.40). For non-coffee drinkers, there are also Smoothies and Ades to choose from. Florté also serves Bingsu, cakes and sandwiches so there is something for everybody.
There are more than just these 5 cafes in and around Hongdae, explore around and stay tuned for the next location!


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by Haiwang Yuan | November 4, 2010 · 12:50 pm
Today: Cravens Library Closes at 5 pm and Reopens at 7 pm
Cravens Library will close at 5:00 pm Thursday, Nov. 4, and reopen at 7:00 pm due to a cellular equipment helicopter airlift to the top of that building.
A Champion of Mammoth Cave
Max Brunswick Nahm, 1864-1958
On May 19, 1924, prominent Bowling Green banker Max B. Nahm attended a meeting of citizens interested in the creation of a national park at Mammoth Cave. Within a year, the Mammoth Cave National Park Association had been formed to raise money, lobby the U.S. Congress for enabling legislation, and negotiate purchase options from private owners of the proposed park lands. Max Nahm became the Association's president.
A collection of Max Nahm's papers at WKU's Special Collections Library documents his key executive role, over the next two decades, in the creation of the park. As Association president and chairman of the Kentucky National Park Commission, Nahm was involved in all aspects of the project: assembling land; securing private, state and federal funding (which became increasingly difficult during the Depression); defending the project from public criticism; developing roads and hotels to serve tourists; managing cutthroat competition from private owners of surrounding caves; completing the controversial process of removing residents; and fulfilling all the conditions under which the National Park Service would assume responsibility for the park.
A finding aid for the Max Brunswick Nahm Collection can be downloaded here. For more information on the Nahm family, search TopScholar and KenCat.
Tagged as Mammoth Cave, Max Nahm
by Sandy McAllister | · 7:22 am
Temporary Closing of Cravens Library
Cravens Library will close at 5:00 pm Thursday, Nov. 4, and reopen at 7:00 pm due to a cellular equipment helicopter airlift to the top of that building. All pedestrian traffic will be prohibited around Cravens during that time and the street closures adjacent to the building will be extended temporarily in both directions. Helm Library will remain open during this event, but the Helm/IEB parking lot may be closed temporarily.
Filed under Events, New Stuff


text:
Kawashima steht für:
 Kawashima (Gifu), eine ehemalige Kleinstadt in der japanischen Präfektur Gifu
 Kawashima (Tokushima), eine ehemalige Kleinstadt in der japanischen Präfektur Tokushima
 Kinugawa Onsen, ein Stadtteil von Nikkō in der Präfektur Tochigi.

Kawashima ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Ai Kawashima (* 1986), japanische Singer-Songwriterin und Pianistin
 Daichi Kawashima (* 1986), japanischer Fußballspieler
 Eiji Kawashima (* 1983), japanischer Fußballtorwart
 Hiroshi Kawashima (* 1970), japanischer Boxer
 Katsushige Kawashima (* 1974), japanischer Boxer
 Kozo Kawashima (* 1926), japanischer Skispringer
 Makoto Kawashima (* 1979), japanischer Eishockeyspieler
 Minoru Kawashima († 2012), japanischer Politiker
 Naoko Kawashima (* 1981), japanische Synchronschwimmerin
 Naomi Kawashima (1960–2015), japanische Schauspielerin
 Nobuyuki Kawashima (* 1992), japanischer Fußballspieler
 Kawashima Riichirō (1886–1971), japanischer Maler
 Ryūta Kawashima (* 1959), japanischer Neurowissenschaftler
 Shinji Kawashima (* 1966), japanischer Leichtathlet
 Shin'ya Kawashima (* 1978), japanischer Fußballspieler
 Tadashi Kawashima (1969–2010), japanischer Mangaka
 Kawashima Takeyoshi (1909–1992), japanischer Rechtsgelehrter
 Tōru Kawashima (* 1970), japanischer Fußballspieler
 Yoshiaki Kawashima (* 1934), japanischer Leichtathlet

 Kawashima Yoshiyuki (1878–1945), japanischer General und Politiker
 Yūzō Kawashima (1918–1963), japanischer Filmregisseur


text:
L'agere praescriptis verbis (letteralmente: "agire previa descrizione del rapporto") era lo strumento di tutela atipico nell'ambito del processo formulare romano, utilizzato per la tutela di contratti innominati (quindi atipici) o di contratti tipici sottoposti a condizione. Costituiva sostanzialmente la chiusura del sistema processuale privato romano.

Si agiva presentando al giudice una formula con intentio incerta (quidquid oportet), cui era premessa una praescriptio in cui veniva descritto il rapporto. In tal modo il giudice non era vincolato al contenuto dell'intentio e poteva muoversi con maggiore libertà. Infatti laddove l'attore avesse presentato una formula con intentio certa pur nell'incertezza del rapporto (es.: in un caso di locazione l'attore non sa se è conduttore o locatore, e quindi se agire con l'actio conducti o l'actio locati; agisce quindi con una delle due), e il giudice avesse ritenuto sbagliata la scelta fatta, l'attore avrebbe perso l'azione per quel rapporto, in conseguenza dell'efficacia preclusiva della litis contestatio.

Con l'agere praescriptis verbis si poteva pretendere l'esecuzione della controprestazione. Invece, qualora si volesse recuperare la prestazione già eseguita, bisognava fare uso della condictio ob rem datam non secutam.

Le fonti parlano anche di actio civilis incerti o di actio civilis in factum (quest'ultima definizione è stata giudicata fuorviante da Vincenzo Arangio-Ruiz).

Note

Voci correlate
Condictio

Diritto processuale romano


This class is sold out. Please email waitlist@hillcenterdc.org to be added to the waitlist.
In this class Chef Mark Haskell will show participants how to choose, cut, prepare and cook a wide variety of fish. After learning to skin, filet and portion the fish properly, you will try your hand at grilling, sautéing, frying, and braising different fish varieties. The menu will feature salmon, monkfish, halibut, rockfish and even some surprises!


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Mona Shores Orchestra
Un-Fundraiser
MSOPA
Summer Scholarship Application
5th Grade Registration
Mona Shores Fiddlers
Edquist Memorial Fund
Concerts, Fundraising, High School
National Orchestra Festival
October 14, 2016 Bob De Rose	Leave a comment
2016-2017 Chamber Orchestra. Courtesy of Hume Photography
We are proud to announce the Mona Shores Chamber Orchestra has been selected to play at the National Orchestra Festival in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on March 2-4, 2017. The festival is one of the many events that takes place during the American String Teachers Association's National Conference. Fewer than thirty school orchestras from the entire country have been selected to participate this year. Our orchestra is very excited to receive this invitation to perform on a national stage!
This is an incredible opportunity for our orchestra. After the Chamber Orchestra performs, they will receive feedback from the adjudicators and work directly with one of the clinicians in a hour long workshop. Chamber Orchestra members will also have the opportunity to attend the educational sessions associated with the National Conference.
While the orchestra is hard at work practicing, the Mona Shores Orchestra Parents Association (MSOPA) is also working to raise money to make this trip possible. The total cost of the trip including travel, food, lodging and festival participation is nearly $800 per student. The MSOPA has already committed to cover around 25% of the cost, and is actively pursuing other funding sources and fundraising opportunities.
Fundraising efforts began last week at the Norton Shores Chili's on Henry Street with a Give Back Event. Thank you to Chili's for partnering with us. Domino's Pizza is helping us with the next two fundraising events. The MSOPA is hosting All You Can Eat Pizza Dinners before the Middle School Fall Concert on Wednesday, October 26, and the High School Spooktacular Concert on October 27. Tickets are $6.50 each (4 years and under are free). Pop, Juice Boxes, Water Bottles, Cookies and Brownies will also be sold for $1 each. Reservations are requested but not required.
Make a reservation for the Middle School Concert (10/26) Here.
Make a reservation for the Spooktacular Concert (10/27) Here.
The MSOPA is actively seeking grants, donations, and new fundraising opportunities. Details are coming soon about a Spaghetti Dinner hosted by the Cherokee Restaurant. If you or your business would like to make a donation or sponsor a student for the National Orchestra Festival, direct donations can be sent to:
Mona Shores High School attn. MSOPA
1121 Seminole Road
Norton Shores, MI 49441.
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Mona Shores Orchestra Parent Association
Announcing our VIRTUAL Holiday Orchestra Concerts - TONIGHT!! The Middle School video premieres at 7:00pm. Join us… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 month ago
And here's the link to the High School Orchestra Holiday video, premiering at 7:30pm TONIGHT!! youtu.be/9FRWc3s8OwY 1 month ago
Congratulations Matthew twitter.com/MSHSPRIDE/stat… 2 months ago
The 7th Grade Orchestra performs their Fall Concert at 7:00 pm tonight. Due to COVID-19 safety precautions, the in… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 2 months ago
Tonight the 8th Grade Orchestra takes the stage for their Fall Concert at 7:00 pm. Due to COVID-19, the in person… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 2 months ago
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In our opinion, Aerojet Rocketdyne (NYSE: AJRD) – formerly Gencorp (NYSE: GY) – is facing fundamental pressures, masked by complicated and aggressive accounting, which gives investors a potentially misleading impression of stability and growth. While holding no conference calls, and having only four analysts cover the stock, we believe the market is fundamentally ignoring ~$900M of liabilities associated with the business, making the Company 5x more levered than it appears and its valuation "cheap". Furthermore, analysts blindly pencil in 4% revenue growth in the next two years, despite hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue programs that are disappearing. We see 40% – 60% downside once investors piece the puzzle together.
Revenues from RS-25 for the SLS program (14% of 2018 revenues), are set to decline from the Sept 2018 completion of a $2.0bn contract, and the run-off from the 2015 $1.5bn contract to be completed by 2023. Longer-term challenges remain with NASA's over-budget Space Launch Systems (SLS) program dubbed the "rocket to nowhere", and a recent change of tone at NASA suggest it is taking steps to find cheaper commercial alternatives to the RS-25.
Upon Hiring, The CFO's Bio Claimed He Was A CPA, Yet His Bio Now States He "Completed Exam Requirements". General McPeak was the Lead Director at Miller Energy Resources (NYSE: MILL), a bona-fide accounting fraud that went to zero. The SEC charged management with securities violations and even fined the auditor. Perry was CFO and Treasurer of United Industrial Corp during a period the SEC blasted it for fraud concerning foreign corruption and stated the Company "lacked meaningful controls to prevent illicit payments.


At the beginning of "Awakening," Sakaguchi Alice (v: Shiratori Yuri) is on her way home from school. Looking around at her still unfamiliar surroundings, she thinks to herself, "I want to go back." Later she is again accosted on her way home from school by the neighbor's seven-year old kid, Kobayashi Rin (v: Touma Yumi). Rin offers her gum, but she refuses, accusing him of having stuck some of his gum in her shoes a few days ago. By playing the hurt innocent, Rin tricks her into saying yes anyway. He asks her to close her eyes and instead of giving her the newly unwrapped piece of gum, he spits his old wad into her mouth. Alice is shy and introverted, too quiet to stand up even to a seven-year old. All she can do is stand and stare in shock as he runs home. That night, she has no appetite for dinner, and furthermore is asked by Mrs. Kobayashi to babysit Rin the next day. Reflecting on the unfairness of it, Alice reminds herself that her father is not to blame just because he was promoted and transferred to Tokyo. She eventually cries herself to sleep.
The next day, Alice dutifully babysits for the neighbors and ends up chasing Rin all over, trying to get him to spit out his gum. He stops her short when he blurts out, "You might act innocent, but I know you're not a virgin!" Hearing the seven-year old say this shocks Alice so that she freezes, and most likely would have remained at Rin's mercy if not for the cat. Rin turns out to be afraid of cats, but he doesn't know why. "I've only seen them in pictures," he explains. Seeing a chance to get him to behave, and to help him with his fear, Alice offers to take Rin to the zoo. He grimly accepts.
At the zoo, Rin notices that all the animals always turn towards them. He questions Alice about this, and she explains that the animals are just being nice to him, it's like a treat for him. But she thinks to herself, "It's always been like this, even when I was a child back in Hokkaido." She remembers a time when her parents took her to see some horses, and the horses crowded around her, scaring her and making her cry. But all her life, animals have always done that, though Alice doesn't understand why.
Later, Alice stops to buy a souvenir for Rin. On their way about the zoo, they suddenly bump into two of Alice's classmates. She immediately grabs Rin and tells him they should go home, but the first classmate, Ogura Jinpachi, grabs her and says, "I think there's a misunderstanding we have to clear up." They go to a coffee shop to talk. Here Jinpachi looks embarrassed when he begins with, "Look, I think you should know, we're not gay." This leads to a flashback sequence, in which Alice accidentally overhears Jinpachi and his friend, Nishikiori Issei (v: Okiayu Ryutarou), talking in the school yard.
Jinpachi tells Issei, "Maybe we're not normal after all." To this, Issei can only agree. And as Alice watches them, unnoticed, they go on to discuss the reason why. Jinpachi begins to mention "About what happened last night..." but Issei doesn't want to discuss it. Horrified, Alice sees the two acting in what might be interpreted as an intimate manner, so she quickly backs away, hoping not to be seen. As fate would have it, she steps on something, and the loud crack attracts the attention of the two men.
According to Issei, Gyokulan is completely unlike Jinpachi. He was a quiet, well-behaved type, very much like the stereotypical image of an archaeologist.
She was an odd and curious woman. At once calm and cool, poised, and yet completely feminine. In fact, no one who came to know her did not fall in love with her.
She is only generically described as a "scientist" initially.
He was a linguist, and the leader of the crew.
Shion was the engineer, and a loner. In their dreams, he always kept himself aloof from the others. He was rash and impulsive, and socially awkward, but both Issei and Gyokulan describe him as someone with a good heart.
The reason they'd been acting so strange, they explain, is that in the dream the previous night, Gyokulan and Enju had slept together. Surprised, Alice can only stutter a bit. Then she recovers and marvels over such a detailed story, and thinks it sounds absolutely amazing, even though Jinpachi was sure she would say they were both nuts. Gaining some courage from this, he ventures to ask her if they'd met before, as she seems familiar to him. Issei teases him about trying to pick up on Alice, but Jinpachi denies it. What all three fail to notice is Rin, who by this point is getting very jealous over the attention Alice is paying the others.
That night, back at the Kobayashi's home, he accuses her of liking Jinpachi. "Are you going to marry him?" he challenges her. "And what if I did?" is all Alice can say. Whereupon Rin grabs his souvenir from the zoo and dashes out to the balcony. He climbs and sits on the railing. "Look," he tells Alice, and drops the glass jar over the edge to fall some ten stories to the ground. Momentarily angered, Alice slaps him and causes him to lose his balance. A brief moment of shock turns to silence, and then Alice has Rin by his feet, desperately trying to hold on. But his weight causes him to slip out of her grasp and fall.
Rin is taken to the hospital. The next morning, all of Alice's classmates are talking about it. Although her name wasn't mentioned in the newspaper, some of them have guessed it. Alice walks into the classroom to meet a curious, stunned sort of silence. She finds everyone staring at her, and walks quickly to her desk, whereupon everyone begins talking about her again. This continues until Jinpachi stamps on Alice's desk, quieting everyone. He glares at them until they look away. Trying to muster up some cheer, Alice casts about for something to say. "So did you... did you finish your date with Issei-san?" she asks. In spite of her resolve, a tear slips down her cheek. For an answer, Jinpachin just pulls her to him and holds her there to comfort her. Alice thinks to herself that she should take some flowers and home-baked cookies to the hospital.
Later, after she drops off her package in front of Rin's door at the hospital, Alice prays to God to save Rin. She promises that she would do anything if God would only revive Rin again. The very moment she thinks this, Rin wakes and opens his eyes.
Alice is called out of class to answer a phone call. It's from her mother, who has called to tell her Rin was awake and wanted to see her. She rushes to the hospital, where Mrs. Sakaguchi is with Mrs. Kobayashi, keeping Rin company. As Alice walks into the hospital, Rin suddenly announces, "Alice is here." His mother dismisses it as a game, something he'd been doing since he woke. Rin continues with, "She's using the stairs. What a dummy! There're elevators here!" And as Alice approaches his room, he reports, "Ten meters. Five meters. Three more steps." He jumps off the bed to greet her even as she walks into the room. Alice hugs him and cries with relief that he's okay. Then Rin asks her, "Take me to the zoo again, okay?"
Some time later, Alice is walking home from school. She hears the sound of Rin's ribbon swishing behind her and thinks, "I'm no longer afraid of him." She turns to greet him. After some chatting, Rin remarks that she's in good spirits, then asks her to stoop down. He assures her that he's taken out his gum this time. Alice complies, closing her eyes, and is shocked when Rin kisses her. She quickly stands while Rin tells her, "I think... I think I've fallen in love with you." He follows this with a matter-of-fact, "Oh well, see you later." and skips away.
That night, Mrs. Sakaguchi is none too pleased to hear (from Rin's mother) that apparently Alice intends to marry Rin. Of course, she doesn't realize that this is something that Rin decided. She demands to know from Alice whether this is true, and it all becomes too much for Alice. She faints. While unconscious, she has a dream. In this dream, she wakes to find Shion bending over her, obviously concerned, and calling her "Mokulen". Momentarily confused when she passes a mirror, she asks Shion whether her face is supposed to look that way. This prompts him to ask her in return whether she had bumped her head too hard when she tripped and fell earlier. Then she remembers. "I had a dream, Shion!" she exclaims. "About Earth. A dream in which I was a girl in Japan. I had a family, and I was such a crybaby," she tells him.
Then Alice wakes up. Her mother inquires with some concern whether she remembers what they were talking about before she fainted. She reminds Alice that it was about marrying Rin, and the still-dazed Alice says she can't marry Rin. Because she's already married to Shion.
Late at night, after everyone else has gone to sleep, Rin gets up. He dresses and puts on his cap, then runs out to crouch on the balcony railing. From here he jumps, dropping ten stories to land safely on the ground. The scene then switches to a gang of toughs, hanging out in an abandoned lot. The leader of the gang, Matsudaira Takashi, momentarily glimpses the figure of a boy leaping along the fence nearby. When he calls his friends over, the boy is gone. They dismiss it as his imagination. Angered, Takashi takes off on his motorcycle and is riding along when he suddenly notices someone on the road in front of him. He barely swerves out of the way, and turns around to yell at the person. He just catches sight of Rin sticking his tongue at him, when a loose newspaper is flung into his face, perhaps by the wind. For some reason unable to shake the paper, Takashi nearly gets run over by a truck. Then he discovers his brakes don't work. Screaming for help, he suddenly feels the bike slow down, and only then does the stubborn newspaper drop off his face.
He looks to find his bike is now floating over the bay, with no visible support underneath him. He doesn't notice Rin floating up behind him until Rin asks, "Scared?" Takashi is terrified, which is exactly how Rin wants it when he leans in close and says, "I have a favor to ask of you." He points ahead of them at the gleaming structure, "See Tokyo Tower there? Will you give it to me?"


On 18 February 2010, UNDP Cluster Team Leader for Governance and Crisis Prevention, Ms. Verena Linneweber and Senior Programme Adviser, Team Leader for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, Mr. Shamil Rzayev paid a visit to ANAMA HQs. During the meeting ANAMA Director briefed the guests on ongoing activities and trainings provided by ANAMA for national and international specialists. The main purpose of the visit was the exchange of views of the report on the feasibility of ANAMA establishing an International Center for Mine Action in ANAMA Goygol Regional base.


Just a few yards from the Pier and the beach, the town begins. Sometimes, in the evening, you can go into the town centre and be the only person there. A newsagent's that opens late - maybe - and obviously the restaurants (fast and otherwise) but they're seldom busy (Unless you count McD's).
I don't think there is any need to look at these images individually… Derelict or dilapidated shops and buildings, mostly within 200 yards of the town centre.
I moved to Weston 15 years ago, and I actually remember this shop being open. It closed soon after I came (Coincidence?) And has never re-opened.
The last bus. Empty, or with maybe a giggling pair of teenagers on the top deck, flashes past an otherwise deserted town centre.
And you can't get more town centre than this. HIGH STREET.
Ironically, the store I was standing at closed suddenly a day or so later.
Only the hardiest of skateboarders venture out in the wet, but the streetart of JPS is worth looking out for.
Rush Hour. 8:45. When coffee bars elsewhere are buzzing, and streets are bustling.
I always wonder the how's and where's of the solitary trolley. Was this its big break. The cry of the big open spaces just became too much for it?
Or perhaps it just wanted to watch a glorious sunrise here.
At least this woman managed to savour it for a few moments.
I could ruin the moment by telling you she's sitting 50 yards from a notorious toilet that junkies regularly shoot up in.
But I won't tell you that.
Known locally as a dodgy area, I've never had a problem with it (Except from one guy who thought I was from the council, taking photographs of his dad's hedge… But we ended up on good terms).
And is minimalist in its architecture.
And, needless to say, it has closed stores.
And have these monstrosities in their back gardens.
And everywhere you go, they remind you of the donkeys from the beach.
And out of nowhere comes this (ridiculous?) door. Peaks my interest no end.
Elsewhere in town, "renovations" take an eternity.
Always scaffolding, always tarpaulins. Never progress.
There's many messages on this piece. Including "32% of all suicides in Weston, happen within 1 mile of this mural".
1 in 4 (The service who provided this mural) was closed down in 2018.


HiWstre is Michael Harker, from Glasgow, Scotland. He creates eclectic electronica across a range of styles, from deep house and chill-hop to jazz- tinged techno and deep dub. His style emerges as he composes and he finds it hard to fit it into particular sub-genres. I am currently recording in partnership with techno and prog house producer Following Light on ANCL LIncor , Lincor Apex and Aeriform Records. Look out for releases across digital media and on sound cloud.


Hellboy in Hell volume 2.
Milwaukie, OR : Dark Horse Books, 2016.
"This volume collects 'Hellboy in Hell' #6-#10 and 'Hellboy: The Exorcist of Vorsk' from Dark Horse Presents Volume 3 #16, all originally published by Dark Horse Comics"--Title page verso.
"After facing off for a second time against the Vampire of Prague, Hellboy seeks the help of an incompetent team of doctors. As he explores, Hellboy gets a glimpse of the new World Tree that he helped to create, stands accused of murder by his own sister and, in a way, brings about the destruction of Pandemonium itself"--Provided by publisher.
Mignola, M., Stewart, D., & Robins, C. (2016). Hellboy in Hell. First edition. Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse Books.
Mignola, Mike, Dave Stewart and Clem Robins. 2016. Hellboy in Hell. Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse Books.
Mignola, Mike, Dave Stewart and Clem Robins, Hellboy in Hell. Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse Books, 2016.
Mignola, Mike, Dave Stewart, and Clem Robins. Hellboy in Hell. First edition. Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse Books, 2016. Print.
|a Mignola, Mike |e author, |e illustrator.
|a Hellboy in Hell. |n 2, |p The death card / |c story and art by Mike Mignola ; colored by Dave Stewart ; lettered by Clem Robins ; cover art by Mike Mignola & Dave Stewart.
|a Milwaukie, OR : |b Dark Horse Books, |c 2016.
|a "This volume collects 'Hellboy in Hell' #6-#10 and 'Hellboy: The Exorcist of Vorsk' from Dark Horse Presents Volume 3 #16, all originally published by Dark Horse Comics"--Title page verso.
|a Volume numbering from spine.
|a "After facing off for a second time against the Vampire of Prague, Hellboy seeks the help of an incompetent team of doctors. As he explores, Hellboy gets a glimpse of the new World Tree that he helped to create, stands accused of murder by his own sister and, in a way, brings about the destruction of Pandemonium itself"--Provided by publisher.
|a Hellboy (Fictitious character : Mignola) |v Comic books, strips, etc.
|a Hell |v Comic books, strips, etc.
|a Damned |v Comic books, strips, etc.
|a Stewart, Dave |e illustrator.
|a Robins, Clem, |d 1955- |e illustrator.