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This Sad Robot Made From Random Twigs Has to Teach Itself to Get Around
Filed to: RobotsFiled to: Robots
Watching Boston Dynamics' ATLAS robot backflip its way through a parkour course is impressive, but those seemingly effortless maneuvers actually represent thousands of hours of unseen development and testing to perfect. While this robot made from random branches struggling to crawl across the floor is comparatively sad to watch, it represents the future of robotics as the bot learned those moves all by itself.
The robot was created as part of a joint venture between researchers at the University of Tokyo and a company called Preferred Networks, who have expertise in research involving deep learning and artificial intelligence. And that's the key to how this robot (which is a generous description of this creation) manages to move around no matter what size, shape, or assortment of branches it's assembled from.
Boston Dynamics' ATLAS Robot Is Now a Backflipping Cyborg Supersoldier
10 minutes ago, I was cautiously optimistic that one day we'd live and work side-by-side with…
Before it ever takes its first steps, the branches that will be used to build the robot are weighed, scanned in 3D, and then uploaded to a deep learning network. Using this shape and size information, as well as specifics about the type of servos being used to connect the branches and their range of motions, allows an AI to simulate how a prototype robot might move. The simulation rewards movements that are found to produce the longest gaits, and eventually, after trying millions of possible movements, the robot is able to get from point A to point B—just not very gracefully.
Unlike the tricks ATLAS can perform, there is little human intervention required for this robot to learn to walk. The researchers simply had to ensure that any learned behaviors that might easily snap the branches were discouraged, as its scavenged parts are nowhere near as strong as carbon fiber or other exotic materials.
But what's the benefit when this robot can't build cars, make traffic stops, or stack boxes in a warehouse? At most, it seems like it's only useful for generating human pity, but the research has some exciting potential. Robots like ATLAS might one day go into battle for us, so imagine a robot being able to autonomously replace a lost limb with a random object it finds on the battlefield and then learning to move all by itself using the temporary fix so that it can get out of harm's way and return for proper repairs without putting human soldiers at risk.
The flexibility is the biggest appeal here, using what's available to accomplish a goal, instead of having to rely on specialized parts or components that might not always be on hand, or available in a timely fashion.
Nothing is real
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Direct immunofluorescence (DFA), indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) antibody staining.
This test checks for influenza antibodies in fluid from your nose or throat.
Influenza is a common illness of the respiratory system. It's often called "the flu." It can have serious health effects. It can even cause death, especially if you have a weakened immune system.
Influenza A is more common and can be more serious. It spreads easily through fluid droplets in the air. It often affects many people at the same time during fall and winter.
Healthcare providers can test for influenza in several ways. One method uses nasal washes and throat swabs to look for influenza antigens. Results are shown quickly, in less than 30 minutes. The test described here uses immunofluorescence. This is a staining method to look for influenza antibodies. Results may be available in 1 to 4 hours. Results from a rapid testing method are not as accurate as a type of influenza test called a viral culture. But a rapid test is often used as a first screening test. A viral culture may take from 3 to10 days to show results.
Symptoms of the flu often appear about 1 to 2 days after you are infected. The symptoms may feel severe right away. Your body may fight off an influenza infection within a few days. But some people develop severe pneumonia or other serious problems.
A negative result means that no influenza antibodies were found and you likely don't have the flu.
A positive result means that you do have influenza antibodies. A positive result is more likely to be accurate with this test if other cases of influenza have been reported in your area. It's possible to get a false-positive result. This means that you are not really infected with the flu. Your healthcare provider may do more tests if needed.
This test is done with a sample of mucus or other fluid from your respiratory system. Your healthcare provider will wipe a sterile swab inside your nose or throat.
Another method of doing this test is done with a nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA). For this, your healthcare provider will put saline solution in your nose and collect a sample.
This test does not pose any serious risks. You may feel discomfort or gag when your throat or nasal cavity is swabbed. An NPA may also cause some discomfort.
Other respiratory infections may cause a false-positive result. Influenza screening tests are sometimes not accurate.


Shaftesbury Sixth Form offers students a wide range of courses at both Level 2 and Level 3. Our flexible system of options allows you to 'mix and match' Level 3 BTECs and A levels so you can study the best range of courses for you.
Students' individual study programmes include either academic qualifications (A Levels), vocational qualifications (e.g. BTECs) or a combination of both. Your timetable will also include non-qualification activities such as work experience, volunteering, tutor time, supervised study, Wider Studies (e.g sport, Duke of Edinburgh Award, art, Young Enterprise Company Programme) and progression activities. If you have not achieved at least a grade C/4 in English or Maths GCSE (or equivalent) you will attend lessons and be supported to take these exams.
All A Level courses starting in 2017 have changed to "linear" courses where the intention is that qualifications are taken after 2 years of study. As a provider it is our intention to ensure that students start on courses they will successfully complete. In most cases students will start 3 two-year courses with the intention that they complete 3 full A levels or BTEC Subsidiary Diplomas/Extended Certificates at the end of a two year period.
Changes are also being made to Level 3 BTEC qualifications.
These qualifications have moved away from the system of 100% internal assessment and are moving to "mainly internal assessment" with "selected units assessed through external tasks, performances or written exams to support HE and employer preferences for a balanced approach to assessment." Students are still able to combine 2-year A level courses and Level 3 BTECs to create a programme of study.
We treat students as individuals and at this time of change we are keen to provide the best structures to allow the best outcomes for students.
For students who have not yet achieved the qualifications to access a full Level 3 study programme, the 1-year Level 2 programme gives the opportunity to improve English and Maths GCSE grades and learn new skills while preparing students for training, apprenticeship or Level 3 study.
Whats your Preferred Learning Style?
As well as deciding on the right level of study, it is equally important to think about how you learn. At Shaftesbury and Sturminster Sixth Form we understand that different students show their potential through different assessment systems and learning styles. While some students perform at their best in subjects assessed through exams at the end of the year, other students do better in qualifications which are assessed mainly through coursework and which place less emphasis on recalling factual information under tight time restrictions.
Thinking about which learning style suits you best is particularly important in the light of the changes to A-levels. All material will be assessed in the summer of Year 13. This is why in both the Level 2 and Level 3 pathway we offer students the ability to choose between mainly coursework based qualifications (BTECs) and examination based qualifications (GCSEs and A-Levels).
If you are applying from overseas and not taking GCSEs or IGCSEs we will ask you to sit tests to identify which is the right pathway for you.
Any student who has not achieved at least a grade C/4 in English or Maths GCSE (or equivalent) will attend lessons and be supported to take these exams.


This past Monday, May 16th, would have been our oldest son Wes's 31st birthday. Last Saturday, May 14, our youngest son, Andy, was remembered in the 15th annual Andy Burton Memorial Golf Tournament, hosted by Mt. Tabor United Methodist Church.
Fourteen years, two months, and two days ago, Wes attended his last day here, at Mt. Tabor High School as a junior. On that same day, Andy attended his last one as an 8th grader at Jefferson Middle School. One week later, on the last weekday of spring break, Friday, March 29, 2002, their lives ended, along with the younger brother of the driver. The driver was the only survivor. The accident was just down the road, downtown on First St.
There were no drugs or alcohol involved, but a choice was made: a choice to speed over 60 miles/hour down a hill. Another choice ensued, a choice to harbor bitterness or allow forgiveness. Blaine and I made the choice, with lots of hard work and God's help, to forgive.
Choices. We all have them. Some are simple; others involve much work. Brain work, heart work, soul work. And we don't always make the best choices. And sometimes, we don't learn from the choices we've made, in spite of making bad ones.
You are now getting ready to leave this place where teachers and administrators have made the choice to care. You may not always think so, but they have…and they do. You are going into a world where you will be confronted with more choices than ever before. And sometimes the world doesn't care.
But you know what? You should care. Because your life matters. Our sons' lives matter. STILL. We would not be here today if they didn't. EVERY LIFE MATTERS.
It matters to us that Wes loved building computers, tinkering on his red XC Jeep Cherokee, being the smartest participant in his chemistry study group. He was proud that he went to work at 15 to save money to purchase a very expensive mountain bike to race.
It matters to us that we can present a graduating senior with a little money to help him or her follow one of our oldest son's passions: computer science, engineering, or business.
computer science at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
___________________________________, thank you for making the choice to matter in your life.


We are proud to announce the launch of our new corporate web site, which we have been working on as time permits given our workload.
The site is built on top of ColdFusion and the Mura Content Management System (CMS), contains a lot of HTML5 and CSS3 goodness and is completely mobile friendly. The new site will showcase our latest projects as well as provide links to all of our services, and our new blog.
Future improvements to the site will include a customer portal for our clients.


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> Tue. May 26, 2015
Session Hall Map
Announcement from the exhibitors
Symbol S (Solid Earth Sciences) » S-CG Complex & General
[S-CG65] 20th anniversary of the Kobe earthquake: Progress in the studies of active faults and strong motion
Tue. May 26, 2015 9:00 AM - 10:45 AM A04 (APA HOTEL&RESORT TOKYO BAY MAKUHARI)
Convener:*Hisashi Nakahara(Solid Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University), Haruo Horikawa(Active Fault and Earthquake Research Center, National Institute for Advanced Science and Technology), Tadashi Maruyama(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), Chair:Haruo Horikawa(Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology, National Institute for Advanced Science and Technology), Tadashi Maruyama(Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)
[SCG65-06] Characteristics of radiated short-period seismic energy from moderate-to-large inland earthquakes
*Hisashi NAKAHARA1 (1.Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University)
Keywords:inland earthquakes, short-period seismic energy, envelope inversion
It is in 1990s that envelope inversion methods have been developed to study earthquake source processes in shorter period ranges than about 1s (e.g. Gusev et al., 1991; Zeng et al., 1993; Kakehi and Irikura, 1996). Motivated by the occurrence of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, the authors developed an envelope inversion method (Nakahara et al., 1998) to estimate the spatial distribution of short-period seismic energy radiation on earthquake source faults. So far, we have applied the inversion method to more than 10 moderate-to-large earthquakes. Compiling the results, we consider statistical characteristics of short-period seismic energy radiation from the earthquakes especially focusing on inland earthquakes.
We have so far analyzed 6 inland earthquakes: the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake (Mw6.9), the 1998 Northern Iwate Prefecture earthquake (5.8), the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake (7.6), the 2000 Tottori-ken Seibu earthquake (6.6), the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake (6.6), and the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Inland earthquake (6.6). We compile the results in terms of 3 items:
1. Scaling law of short-period seismic energy
The logarithm of seismic energy in short period bands (1-2, 2-4, 4-8, and 8-16Hz) is found to be proportional to the moment magnitude. In other words, the short-period seismic energy is proportional to the fault area. The absolute values for 6 inland earthquakes are explained well by the omega-squared model with the short-period spectral level A obtained by Dan et al. (2001). On the contrary, the absolute values for the other plate-boundary type and intra-slab type earthquakes are about 10 times larger than those for the inland earthquakes.
2. Spatial relationship between asperities and short-period sources
We compare relations between locations of asperities estimated by waveform inversions in longer periods and locations of short-period energy radiation obtained by the envelope inversion in shorter periods. The relation is found to be complimentary for 3 earthquakes of the 1998 Iwate, the 1999 Chichi, and the 2000 Tottori. But the relation is complex for the other 3 earthquakes.
3. Statistics of short-period seismic energy radiation
Seismic energy radiation is estimated for each subfault and each period band by the envelope inversion method. Plotting energies from all the subfaults in a descending order, we find that the logarithms of the energies are linearly decrease against the order. This is explained by the two-parameter Weibull distribution. The slope is characterized by the shape-parameter which ranges from 0 and 2 depending on earthquakes and period bands. The shape parameter of 1 corresponds to the exponential distribution and that of smaller than 1 means more heavy-tailed distributions.
Given these results, we need to physically understand the statistical characteristics of short-period seismic energy radiations and to take them into account in predicting strong-ground motions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bluerock Completes Class A Multifamily Clearwater DST 1031 Exchange Offering
January 13, 2016 / Bluerock Value Exchange, Press Releases
New York, NY (January 13, 2016) – Bluerock Real Estate ("Bluerock" or "Company") announced today the sellout of its latest 1031 exchange program, BR Clearwater DST, a Class A, 240-unit, apartment community located in Clearwater, Florida. The Company reports that the securities offering, which was...
EOS Apartments Awarded Gold Certified Smoke-Free, Announces Final Unit Release
December 28, 2015 / Bluerock News
View the original article by the East Orlando Post here. Florida Apartment Association reports "Smoke-free multifamily housing is in demand among Florida's renters. In fact, more than 83% of adults in Florida do not smoke, and four out of five of them would prefer to live...
The DI Wire covers Bluerock Growth Fund's Sale of Artisan on 18th
December 4, 2015 / Bluerock News
This article was originally published by The Di Wire on 12/04/15. Bluerock Growth Fund completed the sale of Artisan on 18th, a Class A, 153-unit multifamily development in downtown Nashville, Tennessee. The property sold for $35.2 million, generating a return of two times the company's original...
Bluerock Growth Fund Sells Artisan on 18th in Nashville, TN, Generating 35% IRR
December 3, 2015 / Press Releases
New York, NY (December 3, 2015) – Bluerock Growth Fund ("BGF" or the "Company") completed the successful sale of Artisan on 18th, a Class A, 153-unit, multifamily development in downtown Nashville, Tennessee. The property sold for $35.2 million, generating a return of two times (2x)...
The Charles Condos garners significant media coverage
August 27, 2015 / Bluerock News
Bluerock Real Estate's development condominium The Charles has received significant media attention in the last week as the top six floors sold for a total of $58.635 million. "The penthouse was supposed to be the top two floors, but the buyers said that's not enough space," said...
Wall Street Journal – Apartment Rents are Rising… No Sign of Easing
October 1, 2014 / Industry Headlines
The pace of rent growth for U.S. apartments is accelerating despite an uptick in construction of new dwellings, as the economy steadily improves and vacancies remain stubbornly low. Rental rates increased 1% during the third quarter to an average of $1,111 a month nationwide, according to...
Who is Bluerock Real Estate?
July 10, 2014 / Bluerock News
Founded in 2002 by R. Ramin Kamfar, Bluerock Real Estate ("Bluerock") focuses on core-plus, value-add, opportunistic, and development investment strategies while providing retail investors with the opportunity to invest in institutional quality real estate investments. The Manhattan-based company also has offices in Michigan, Idaho, and...
Higher Prices Migrate to Far Upper East Side
March 7, 2014 / Bluerock News
Third Avenue has long been a dividing line on the Upper East Side. "West of Third" serves as shorthand for the stylish neighborhood in the TV show "Gossip Girl," where private-school girls live in stately Park Avenue co-ops and shop in boutiques along Madison Avenue....
Study: Millionaires favor real estate
February 13, 2014 / Industry Headlines
A BenefitsPro.com article provided a revealing investment strategy favored by America's millionaires. In the article, entitled, "Millionaires' favorite alt investment: real estate," a survey noted that millionaire U.S. investors' favorite alternative investment is real estate. And it was by a wide margin. According to the Investor...
Manhattan Condo Sales Hit Record
The sale price of Manhattan condominiums set a record in 2013, fueled by trophy properties that helped push prices higher than even the last real-estate boom, city records show. They were driven higher by closings in new condominiums such as Walker Tower, in Chelsea, and 18...


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Home General Articles Laycon's victory and its message
Laycon's victory and its message
By Ani Uchenna
Everything they say "has a beginning, has an ending". The 2020 Big Brother Naija lockdown edition, which had many Nigerians glued to their television screen, came to an end on Sunday, 27th of September. As we know, in every game, a winner always emerges. After 71 days in the Big Brother Naija lockdown house, Laycon, who has been a fan favourite from the beginning of the show, beat Vee, Neo, Nengi and Dorothy to the ultimate prize.
The talented rapper walked away with N30 million cash prize; a top range SUV from Innoson Motors; a two-bedroom apartment etc. and other welfare packages, cumulating to N85 million prize. In addition to this, he won over N6 million from winning house tasks and he became the first housemate to have over 1 million followers on Instagram.
It could have been any of the other 19 housemates, but on this very day it was Laycon. Yes, the show is all about different people from different backgrounds, with different characters, attitudes and views of life, coming together to cohabit. In situations like this, tempers are bound to flare, as housemates try to understand each other and this was obvious in the just concluded lockdown edition as in previous editions.
If there's one thing we learnt from this show; is that we should never write people off just by their looks. "Never judge a book by its cover" is the quote that best describes Laycon's situation. He came into the house to promote his music and was written off by some people outside, because they felt he wasn't as charming and handsome as the other male housemates; even a disqualified housemate reduced him to the level of a "chicken drumstick", all because of a little misunderstanding.
God's grace they say is no respecter of human nature, for His grace descends on whoever, in whatever situation and makes the preconceived impossibility possible. Nigerians casted their votes all in favour of the rejected Laycon, because when that book was opened, Nigerians soon saw the richness of its contents. Laycon got a whopping 60% of the cumulated votes, beating his closest rival, Dorathy, by almost twice her vote of 21.85%. The rejected stone, is now the corner stone, right?
For once, I noticed some group of supporters on Facebook actually voting for their favourite housemates without any sentimental attachments. Mind you, theses groups didn't consist of ethnic or religious exclusive groups such as Muslims, Christians, Igbos, Hausas or Yoruba only groups, but were of mixed ethnicity, religions, states etc. all voting for who they preferred, unlike when it comes to elections in Nigeria.
That tells us that if we, as youths, can set aside our religious and tribal sentiments, we can actually cause a positive change in Nigeria. Our leaders know we are not united, so they continue to fuel religious and tribal conflicts amongst us, in-order to continue sucking Nigeria dry. A divided house they say will never stand a chance against the enemy. If we don't set aside our religious and ethnic differences, we will give these self-centred so-called leaders the opportunity to continue ruining our future.
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Ani Uchennahttps://editorialtimes.com
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D-Day 1944 in France: What Was Life Like for the German Soldiers?
Travelling to France — that's what a historical advisor for authors does sometimes 🙂 Exploring historical sites, medieval castles and Nazi concrete bunkers in Normandy and Brittany.
These days, I am putting the finishing touches on a material dossier on D-Day in France, 1944. It contains very special settings, goes deep on how German soldiers lived in France, and makes you write about conflicts in 1944/45.
Want to get notified, when the material dossier is published?
Then sign up here.
Historical Novels, set in France, Burgundy
About How To Write History


Filmmaker Gnic Giusto has created a short film inspired by Carlton Mellick III's surreal short story, God on Television. Congratulations, Mr. Giusto! Thank you for creating this piece of bizarro cinema!
This entry was posted on November 28, 2016 by dwbarbee. It was filed under Uncategorized .


Sartorially speaking, Barcelona is a remarkably casual city. I remember getting mild shock when I first saw opera-goers dressed in jeans, and most women think the idea of dressing up is throwing on a colourful scarf. But once a year caution and that famous Catalan common sense are thrown to the wind for the Passejada amb barret (Walk with a hat).
Inspired by New York's Easter Bonnet Parade along Fifth Avenue, two local milliners decided to organise a similar event here. Now in its 12th year, the format is the same as when it first started. Everyone meets at the top of the Rambla de Catalunya and when the clock strikes 12, starts strolling the kilometre or so to the end of the boulevard. That's it. No live music or beer sponsors. Just a gathering of happy adults, kids and dogs high on the transformative, feeling of expressing yourself, in a fashion, at the onslaught of spring.
I first went to the Passejada about five years ago. Participants could have only numbered a couple of hundred and most onlookers thought we were part of a large wedding party. In 2015, over 1500 hat-wearers dressed the Rambla de Catalunya and this year there was probably double that. For the first hour or so we just mill around, taking shots of each other and strangers whose hat takes your fancy. Absolutely nobody is camera shy – that wouldn't be the point.
From these snaps, you can see that there is plenty of gorgeously tailored headgear, but an old beanie or creation put together with plastic teacups and a glue gun is fine to. The Passejada is about feeling comfortable with and stepping out of your own skin - even just for a day.
In search for things to do around my new neighbourhood, a friend reminded me that the Carles Taché Gallery has moved to Carrer Mèxic – a blah street in the off radar barrio due west of Plaça Espanya. I had remembered reading so on the gallery's website, and thinking at the time that this long established gallery, headed by one of the doyens of Barcelona's art scene, had downgraded from his previous Eixample address. At the tail end of a very protracted economic crisis, who the hell was buying art anyway? How wrong I was, as the new Carles Taché Gallery is seriously cool.
But first you need to find it. Next to the Pentecostal Church, follow the driveway around to the rear to an industrial-type courtyard and garage doors to assorted locales. One is the entrance to the gallery, an old cotton factory of 1200 metres and triple height ceilings.
Taché represents some huge names in the art world; Tony Cragg, Sean Scully, Cornelia Parker, and others whose work is only within the aquisitional realm of Russian oligarchs and hedge fund brokers. The aforementioned are on display in the gallery's inaugural show. (It plans to host about four a year.) And although I have always considered the idea of art works 'creating dialogue' with each other a bit wanky, there is something uplifting about viewing perfectly composed, large-format pieces against bone white walls in a cathedral-like space.
Carrer de Mèxic, 19, Open Tues-Sat 11am-8pm.
When I was young, and my father had itchy green thumbs, he used to bundle us in the car and head to the 'nursery'. This was his antiquated (even then) name for a Garden Centre.
In suburban Melbourne, these were vast expanses of land, with row upon row of indigenous, young trees that were sold in plastic bags. My father decided to 'go native' in our family garden, having seen his previous English garden die through drought and high temperatures. It became so thick we had to fight out way to the front door and it was eventually declared a fire hazard.
A bit like the florist scene in Vertigo that segues from a dark alley to saturated, stylised colour, Hivernacle is like stepping into a much brighter, much more fragrant world. It's located in an old textile factory dating from the late 1800s, suitably decrepit to let full grown banana palms peep through the roof and support creepers over its splendid trusses. The same family has run the business for 18 years - and were very happy to advise me how to compose a low-cost, low-maintenance balcony garden.
Hivernacle also has a little play area for kids, and a non-stop stream of regulars with dogs. In Melbourne or Los Angeles it would also have an organic café, or hold permaculture workshops. But all the owners really want to do is sell plants – and there is no finer place to buy them in Barcelona.
In 1992, when I first arrived Barcelona, I couldn't buy an avocado. Or a mango or a bunch of fresh coriander. Tapas hadn't been 'reinvented' yet, and Ferran Adriá was probably still a short order cook. The only 'ethnic' food you could get was dumbed-down Chinese, where you could try curious (not in a good way) things such as pan chino - a lumpy blob of tasteless friend dough.
Today there are 132,000 non-EU immigrants living in Barcelona. They have come from as far as Senegal and Syria, crossed the Sahara by bus or arrived on a long haul flight at El Prat. Wherever they have come from, others have followed. Their reasons why are diverse, but there is one thing all have in common; they want a taste of home.
Because of them, local cuisine has evolved enormously over the past decades. Sure, Adriá and his protégées have made their mark, but show me one 12-course tasting menu that doesn't include ceviche or sushi. It's been a happy marriage; Barcelona huge influx of migrants has created a market for budget, family run places whilst young chefs, take note of the spice, flavour and techniques of foreign lands, experiment with them and wake up local taste buds.
Here are a few of my favourite 'ethnic' eateries in Barcelona. You'll always get change from a 20 (sometimes even tenner).
Ethiopian cuisine is considered by many to be the best in Africa. After spending time in West Africa, I hasten to disagree, but that shouldn't stop you from trying this wonderful place in Grácia. The menu is dead easy to navigate – all dishes are based upon injera, tasty flat bread made of teff flour, which comes to you in a bin-lid sized portion. The injera is topped with a selection of wat; stewed and somewhat picante minced meat, succulent spiced chicken or vegetables such as pumpkin, potatoes or spinach. You eat seated on low carved stools and with your hands, and end the meal with a rich dark coffee brewed at your table on a tiny coal stove.
On long boozy Barcelona nights, the kebab has become a staple munchie. But have you ever seen those pink, slimy slabs of meat delivered during the day? El Cuiner de Damasc is the real deal; run by a smiley Syrian who buys his lamb from the market, gently spices it with cinnamon before spit roasting and arranging into the most exquisite 'kebabs'. Homemade hummus, falafel and a few cakes is all else that's on offer in this charming corner outpost with inherited Andaluz appeal.
Despite being one of the largest migrant groups, Moroccan restaurants in Barcelona are not as common as you would think. Most are located in the Raval. Randa is situated opposite the Moroccan embassy in the Eixample, and was presumably started to nourish people after a morning's gruelling battle with bureaucracy. Dishes are just what you'd expect in portions large enough for two: chicken and green olive tangine (my favourite), vegetable cous cous and B'sarra – a nourishing 'breakfast' soup of split peas.
Before Lima was declared the new food capital of the world and this restaurant in Barcelona made pisco sours and cerviche newly fashionable, this humble little place behind the lofty of facades of the ajuntament was introducing locals to coriander, tamales and Inca beer. After all these years, I find nothing more healing than a sudado de pescado (spicy fish soup) the morning after.
After last week's post regarding the sad closure of historic shops in Barcelona's city centre, I thought it high time to celebrate the little pockets of the city where creative retail is having a renaissance. There are dozens of streets away from Barcelona's Ciutat Vella where intriguing owner-run boutiques are clustering. Here is the first in what I hope will be a regular series.
Carrer Parlament is located in what was, until recently, considered a naff part of the Eixample. Now dubbed San Antoni and perhaps better known as a place where hipsters head for brunch in cafes like this and this, cute little start up shops and galleries are adding interest beyond the morning latte.
The fledgling ['galeri] is a tiny space that sells a neat selection of 'Made in Barcelona' items. Everything here had a quality, handmade feel to it, but particularly lovely were vases made by Atuell that are as fine as folded paper and Loope leather tote bags. Co-owner Luis tells me that he plans to hold regularly shows of photography and prints, and going by the small range of both already in stock, this is one to keep an eye on. C/ Viladomat 27.
A couple of decades ago, my first magazine story on Barcelona was about its quirky old shops. I wrote about a dusty old store in the Raval that made its own hair tonic and other barber supplies, stores that proudly displayed big cotton knickers and bras with cups large enough to toss a salad in, and one place, reportedly the oldest continuously-run shop in Barcelona, that had a pair of blackamoors inside the entrance.
All these were located within the old town, the Raval/Barri Gótic/El Born triangle that has since become the hottest tourist destination in Europe. For some time now, they have been disappearing – a disturbing phenomenon widely discussed in local media and yesterday picked up by the The New York Times.
Most of these places are/were family run and trading in commodities that have long since lost out to the internet or modern, 'lifestyle' stores; books, traditional toys and scratchy everyday bed linen and towels. After 20 years of rent protection, their monthly rate has risen – quite a lot. In the same period, tourism in Barcelona has exploded –and their prime stomping (and shopping) ground is the Ciutat Vella. This has created an imperfect storm. In one case, a toy trader was forced to pack up after his rent rose from 1,000 euros per month to 35,000. (It is now occupied buy Geox, which I can't decide is a sign of just how much passing trade there is this street or how much people love those ugly shoes).
Like the story in the Times, many commentators see the disappearance of these unique historic shops as just another sign of the 'selling out' of the old town to the tourist dollar – and the adversity this has on local residents. However I am not sure this is true – and it doesn't explain why many of them, such as this old nut roaster and herb trader, are still doing extremely well thank you. Couldn't the traditional toyshops have started to introduce 'designer toys' for the adult market? How about a coffee corner in those dusty old bookshops? As a New Yorker friend (who lives in Barcelona) so succinctly put it, 'If you can't take the heat get out of the kitchen'.


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CHURCH THOUGHT
PERSPECTIVES SERIES
History in the Age of Post-Truth
When the last troops of the army of Philip VI left Calais, the city had no choice but to surrender its keys in the hope that the lives of its inhabitants would be spared in recognition of the heroism shown during the siege. However, England was eager to reward the hours and lives of its men spent in that campaign, so it had no intention of leaving without a tribute of blood. Although some of his men tried to convince him to accept the capitulation, Edward III made it a condition that the city's submission be paid for with the...
By: Pedro Rodríguez López, SJ
'Anthropocene: The Human Era'
Anthropocene – The Human Era is a documentary film released in 2018 and directed by Jennifer Baichwal, Edward Burtynsky and Nicholas de Pencier. It refers to the hypothesis popularized in the 2000s by chemist Paul Crutzen that the impact of human activities on the global ecosystem would initiate a new geological era. As of 2009 the International Commission on Stratigraphy established the Anthropocene Work Group to study this hypothesis. It should be noted that this scenario is disputed, both on the basis of geological advice and in terms of the relationship with time, given the disproportion between the geological periods...
By: Mauro Bossi, SJ
'Fratelli Tutti' and 'Ubuntu' on Cosmological Friendship
Pope Francis' encyclical Fratelli Tutti has a number of parallels with the African ethic of Ubuntu. Published in October 2020, the encyclical has drawn attention to the social consciousness on solidarity between different members of society based on social-interdependence. The African concept of Ubuntu largely refers to inter-connectedness within humanity and between its members, and asserts that "my humanity finds its fundamental definition through your humanity." This definition of Ubuntu is founded on three fundamental values. First, that humanity is essentially designed to co-exist in a cosmological friendship; second, that the core values of humanity cannot only be realized through...
By: Elias Opongo, SJ
'The Burghers of Calais'
Los burgueses de Calais, la última frontera, by Spanish director Jesús Armesto – winner of the SAMIFO prize at the 11th Mental Health Film Festival "Lo Spiraglio" – is an intense and poetic documentary about the condition of migrants stuck in transit at the mouth of the Eurotunnel. These people are confined, as if in limbo, in the so-called "jungle," near Calais, in Northern France. The title refers to the sculpture by the famous artist Auguste Rodin, in homage to the six burghers of Calais who, in 1347, during the 100 Years War, offered themselves as hostages to the English...
By: Claudio Zonta SJ
A Letter from Pope Francis to 'La Civiltà Cattolica'
My best wishes as you resume publication of the Spanish edition of La Civiltà Cattolica! Yours is a unique journal, one of a kind, and not only because it is already 170 years old. More than a journal, it is a true spiritual and intellectual experience, centered around a community of Jesuits, the College of Writers, who live and discern together, choosing and reflecting on the topics chosen. With editions in Italian, English, French, Russian, Chinese, Korean and Japanese, you already reach a wide audience. In its Spanish version now, the journal will expand its readership and open up to...
By: Pope Francis
Franciscan Influences on Saint Ignatius of Loyola
St. Ignatius of Loyola's devotion to St. Peter is fairly well known, but few know that at the time of his conversion, St. Francis of Assisi was for him the most familiar of saints, as Franciscan experiences had marked his boyhood in Azpeitia (1491-1507), the youthful years spent at the court of Germaine de Foix in Arévalo (1507-16), and those lived in service with the Duke of Nájera, viceroy of Navarre (1517-21).[1] Childhood in Azpeitia Let us begin with Azpeitia. It was during Ignatius' childhood, between 1496 and 1507, that Peter de Hoz, an Observant Franciscan from the convent of...
By: Pedro de Leturia, SJ
Madness and Creativity
"The lunatic, the lover, and the poet / are of imagination all compact." This famous claim from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is a sort of self-diagnosis of the possible relationship between madness and artistic creativity. It is a relationship that also evidences the structural ambiguity of imagination, poised between these two often coexisting conditions. Creativity, especially if we consider its many achievements, seems at first glance antithetical to madness. Even in the mystery of its appearance, to bear fruit requires knowledge, expressive technique, mastery of language, perseverance, even a form of asceticism and sacrifice. All are aspects that seem...
By: Giovanni Cucci, SJ
'Jesus Christ Superstar' Piano Variations
Jesus Christ Superstar came into being in 1970, written by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyricist Tim Rice. It remains famous for the 1973 film version directed by Norman Jewison. Stefano Bollani has reinterpreted on piano the original score for symphony orchestra, choir, rock band and solo voices. The title, in fact, specifies that they are piano variations, so it is not a transcription for piano but a free interpretation on a predetermined narrative structure. Bollani has stripped away the musical and vocal systems – in fact, the lyrics of the songs are not included, with the exception of the...
Authors of this Edition
Claudio Zonta SJ
Drew Christiansen SJ
Giancarlo Pani SJ
Giovanni Cucci, SJ
Thomas P. Rausch, SJ
Vladimir Pachkov, SJ
Wilfred Sumani, SJ
Cristian Peralta, SJ
Pedro de Leturia, SJ
Elias Opongo, SJ
Pedro Rodríguez López, SJ
Mauro Bossi, SJ
'Still Air' a film by Leonardo Di Costanzo
Christmas with Ignatius of Loyola
'Born of a Woman, Born under the Law': Christmas according to Saint Paul
The Middle East Between Pandemic and Oil Crisis
'The Spirit of Enlargement' – Pope Francis in Cyprus and Greece
Bishop of Rome
La Civiltà Cattolica is one of a kind
James Martin, SJ
Jesuit Priest and Author
La Civiltà Cattolica exemplifies the Jesuit tradition of publishing long-form journalism on current affairs, culture and theology. For decades, it…
Gerry O'Hanlon, SJ
Irish Theologian
La Civilta Cattolica addresses current and pressing issues alive in Church and world with a scholarship that is worn lightly.
Dr. Massimo Faggioli
Professor of Historical Theology, Villanova…
La Civiltà Cattolica is an absolute must-read for all those who want to understand what happens in the thinking of…
Michel Chambon
Visiting Assistant Professor in Anthropology,…
La Civiltà Cattolica illustrates how Jesuits and their partners deploy engaged and up-to-date intellectual reasoning to report on and question…
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Q: How can i set an onAreaTouched listener to a TiledSprite or ButtonSprite after initialized it? i know i can set this listener initializing like this:
buttonSprite = new ButtonSprite(X, Y, mITextureRegion,
            mEngine.getVertexBufferObjectManager()) {
        @Override
        public boolean onAreaTouched(TouchEvent pSceneTouchEvent,
                float pTouchAreaLocalX, float pTouchAreaLocalY) {

            if (pSceneTouchEvent.isActionDown()) {

                return true;
            }
            return super.onAreaTouched(pSceneTouchEvent, pTouchAreaLocalX,
                    pTouchAreaLocalY);
        }
    };

This works. But i want something like this:
buttonSprite = new ButtonSprite(X, Y, mITextureRegion,
            mEngine.getVertexBufferObjectManager());

first create it, and then set the onAreaTouched (i guess must be something like this, but doesn't work because not exists this setter)
buttonSprite.setOnAreaTouched(new onAreaTouched(TouchEvent pSceneTouchEvent,
                float pTouchAreaLocalX, float pTouchAreaLocalY) {

            if (pSceneTouchEvent.isActionDown()) {

                return true;
            }
            return super.onAreaTouched(pSceneTouchEvent, pTouchAreaLocalX,
                    pTouchAreaLocalY);
        }
    };

And i don't find any mode to do it. it's possible?

A: You can't, onAreaTouched is not an event, it's just a method in sprite class, which you can override in your subclasses (like the first example, which is an anonymus subclass).
However you can extend the sprite class, create an interface for events, add a list of it to the new sprite class and run it's method in onAreaTouched.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


International variation in the socioeconomic health gradient : do the institutional arrangements matter?
My research focuses on understanding the observed disparities in health by socioeconomic status, over the life cycle. Although a strong relationship between health and socioeconomic status has been firmly established by research in several fields, there is still ongoing research to discover underlying causal mechanisms. More specifically is health strongly driven by socioeconomic characteristics (such as income, occupation, education), and/or is health itself an important determinant of socioeconomic status? And do the underlying mechanisms connecting socioeconomic status with health change when populations age?
In Glasgow, life expectancy can range from 54 to 82 depending on whether people live in a deprived neighborhood or an affluent area. There are many reasons for such disparities; however, numerous studies have revealed a strong relationship between health and socioeconomic status (SES). Nonetheless, explaining this relationship mechanism is a different story since both SES and health rely on many different factors.
Using an innovative technique in structural econometrics, Dr. Koç hopes to fill this gap. Starting from existing studies, her first task will be to harmonize research findings and compare them to reality through the combined use of socioeconomic data and structural econometrics. The results of her work will provide an estimate of the relationship between health and SES, backed up by theory.
One of the objectives of this work is to test the relevance of certain public policies that affect both people's health and socioeconomic status. Was an education policy efficiently implemented? Is this policy relevant everywhere or only in specific areas? These are some of the questions that Hale Koç's research aims to answer.
Today, Koç's research is focused on the Netherlands, but she is considering extending her model to other countries. As a very powerful tool for governments, this model will be highly valuable for the implementation of new health and socio-economic policies.


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text:
2014 shooting of Sacramento police officers
Luis Enrique Monroy Bracamonte, the prime suspect in the shooting deaths of two Northern California sheriff's deputies, is reported to be an illegal immigrant from Mexico.
Sources: Los Angeles Times
American music producer Phil Spector, who was convicted for the 2003 murder of American actress Lana Clarkson, dies from COVID-19 at a hospital in Northern California.
Pacific Gas and Electric is set to shut off power to 179,000 customers in Northern California due to an elevated wildfire risk, while Southern California Edison does so for 308,000 in Southern California.
Pacific Gas and Electric shuts off power to 800,000 customers in Northern California, citing safety concerns over an elevated fire risk caused by weather conditions.
The Pacific Gas and Electric Company, a major California utility based in San Francisco, announces they temporarily turned off power to 60,000 customers in 12 Northern California counties due to threats of wildfires. Red flag warnings are issued to 22 million people in the state.
Officials lift all mandatory evacuation orders for the deadly Carr Fire in Northern California that destroyed nearly 1,100 homes and killed eight people.
A same-sex couple and three of their adopted children have been found dead at the bottom of a cliff at the coast of northern California, along with the wreckage of their SUV. After further investigation, authorities eventually deduced that it was very likely that the couple, which was previously known to have abused their children, intentionally drove off the cliff with them.
Five people, including the gunman, are killed and several others injured following a shooting at an elementary school and other locations on the Rancho Tehama Reserve in Northern California. The alleged gunman was shot and killed by police.
U.S. President Donald Trump declares the 17 Northern California wildfires a major disaster. The fires have destroyed 180 square miles in California's wine country where mass evacuations are underway. The fires have killed at least 15 people with more than 150 others missing and at least 2,000 homes and businesses destroyed.
A United States Air Force U-2 reconnaissance aircraft crashes in Northern California, shortly after takeoff from Beale Air Force Base, killing one pilot and injuring another.
A gunman kills two sheriff's deputies and wounds an officer and a bystander in Sacramento County, California, then is arrested.


T-1 through T-5 nerves affect muscles, upper chest, mid-back and abdominal muscles. These nerves and muscles help control the rib cage, lungs, diaphragm and muscles that help you breathe.
T-6 through T-12 nerves affect abdominal and back muscles. These nerves and muscles are important for balance and posture, and they help you cough or expel foreign matter from your airway.
The thoracic spine is built for stability and helps keep the body upright. It connects the cervical spine, which is located in the neck, and the lumbar spine, which is located in the lower back.
Injuries usually affect the abdominal and lower back muscles and the legs, typically resulting in paraplegia.
Injury usually results in paraplegia.
Prognosis and recovery from a thoracic spinal cord injury may differ from patient to patient. The difference is due to the type of injury and the level of severity.
A patient's health is also a factor in determining the level of independence achieved after an injury. This includes body type, existing medical conditions and other injuries that may have occurred at the time of the spinal cord injury.
Learn more about the thoracic spine and the levels of injury from Judy Fortin, former CNN anchor and medical correspondent.
Please contact us at 404-352-2020 if you have additional questions about thoracic spinal cord injuries or spinal cord injury rehabilitation.


Almond milk dangers are not common knowledge. Is almond milk healthy? It is commonly known, that almonds are healthy and the nature enriched them with miscellaneous microelements like magnesium, zinc and potassium, to name a few. As it can be easily concluded, the almond milk is similarly healthy and beneficial, due to its numerous nutritious elements. But there are also some possible almond milk side effects that must be taken into account before drinking the diary free milk. I will describe them briefly in the further part of the article.
The very first dangerous effect is important for everybody with the high probability of hypothyroidism. The factor is highly visible, when the cow's milk is replaced with the almond milk as a substitute. The main consequence of it for the organism is, too small amount of iodine included in the drink, that can lead to serious problems with thyroid. This issue is addressed medically as goiters Almonds are one of the items included on the goitrogenic substances list. But as huge as the problem may seem, the goitrogenic effect can be easily diminished by simply boiling almond milk.
When it comes to infants, nutrition is an issue of special importance. You should be aware that almond milk is not suitable for infants due to its formula. Comparing it to the breast milk or cow's milk shows that the complete substitution is not an entirely good idea because it is lacking sufficient amount of iodine. The scientific survey states, that the extensive use of the almond milk without any natural liquid support can lead to significant decrease in calories, calcium and iodine – elements with an importance to a newborn. But the issue occurs only in cases, where the almond milk totally replaces its breast/cow's equivalent. As a separate drink it is completely acceptable.
Many people think that the almond is the one and only and any variables are members of entirely new products group. Wrong. There are also bitter almonds that are completely different from those that to be bought in the market and used to produce milk. According to the article they posses strong poisonous characteristics, which can lead to such health problems like vomiting, stomach ache etc. Therefore, bitter almonds in any amount should be strictly avoided.
Another concern is raised by the existence of the chemical substance called Carrageenan. It is sometimes used as a thickening agent to create the taste which is as similar to the ordinary milk as it is possible. But there are also scientists researches presented, that show the Carrageenan as the probable cause leading to many health problems and diseases. The most serious are problems concerning gastro-intestinal cancer, but there can be also minor issues like heightened body temperature and poisoning effects while the amount of the substance is heightened. If you are interested in details, more information are to be found on Wikipedia. Just make sure that you buy almond milk without carrageenan.
Last but not least, for your own health it is important to note, how big the amount of sugar included in the milk is, especially in the flavored almond milk in which the amounts are nearly doubled. This is especially important for people suffering from diabetes.
Is almond milk healthy? Almond milk is a nutritious substance containing microelements such as magnesium and zinc, but the lack of iodine is a noticeable disadvantage and must be taken into consideration to avoid serious diseases. You should also read the included labels to find out about amounts of carrageenan and sugar, especially if you are diabetic or have some food intolerances. You should also remember about one of the most elementary dangers - almond milk does go bad, so if your milk stays for a long time in the fridge you should check if it has gone bad before consuming it.


text:
Khvoshab-e Olya (, also Romanized as Khvoshāb-e 'Olyā and Khowshāb-e 'Olyā; also known as Khūshāb Bāla, Khūshāb-e Bālā, Khvoshāb-e Bālā, and Khoshab Olya) is a village in Deymkaran Rural District, Salehabad District, Bahar County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 598, in 148 families.

References

Populated places in Bahar County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Today We, The People, Won.
However, ever since 1505, be it the Portugese, the Dutch, the English or our own people, we have been living in a struggle. There have been wars, insurrections, conflicts, great periods of difficulty that the people had to go through that claimed millions of lives. People that would've contributed to the development of our country.
Even after independence, since 1948, every 15 years, we've had some sort of conflict. Let that sink in.
So where does this cycle of violence stop? When does it end?
It's time that we reflect inwards, over our past mistakes, learn from history rather than burying it and propogating a distorted version. We need reforms in key areas of this country, including education at the forefront for the benefit of the long run.
A system change begins with the most basic unit of the society, an individual, their families. We cannot expect everyone else to change, the system to change while promoting those same values in our daily transactions.
It's time we break the cycle once and for all.
Let this be the last time we are duped into electing murderers, racists and thieves to run the country. Let this be the last time we tread into an era where we've had to sacrifice lives to oust a leader, where lives were lost in queues, stranding families. Where people languished in hunger, burdened with debt. Let this be a new beginning, and let this serve as the first step to restoring our motherland.


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text:
Texas refuses to launch health insurance exchange
Texas declined to create a health insurance exchange during the legislative session that ended June 30, but the state did advance its own version of accountable care organizations.
Gov. Rick Perry strongly opposes the health system reform law and threatened to veto any legislation that would help implement the law's health insurance exchanges. The exchanges will serve as one-stop marketplaces for qualifying health coverage beginning in 2014. Perry did not want to be seen as aiding the implementation of the health reform law in any way, said Texas Rep. John Zerwas, MD, sponsor of the leading bill to create an exchange, and Texas Medical Assn. President Bruce Malone, MD, in separate interviews.
"They definitely were just very entrenched on this idea," Dr. Zerwas said. At least one other governor, Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, opposes creating a locally controlled exchange in his state.
The Texas Medical Assn. supported Dr. Zerwas' measure to authorize a state insurance exchange. However, Dr. Malone called the national reform law's subsidies to help buy health insurance through the exchanges a "middle-class welfare entitlement." The subsidies will be available on a sliding scale to people earning up to 400% of the federal poverty level, or $43,560 for an individual.
Perry opposed Dr. Zerwas' bill even though inaction on the issue could force the Dept. of Health and Human Services to operate a federal exchange in Texas. HHS will do so in states that decline to create their own insurance exchanges.
Perry spokeswoman Lucy Nashed said the governor is hoping that the U.S. Supreme Court will uphold lower-court rulings that part or all of the health reform law is unconstitutional. "The governor is committed to working with lawmakers and state health and insurance officials to address Texas' health care needs, and we are looking at all of our options to determine what's in the best interest of Texans."
Texas could enact its own exchange at a later date, HHS officials said during a July 11 call with reporters about new proposed rules to create health insurance exchanges. HHS in January 2013 will certify whether state-created health insurance exchanges are on track to operate by January 2014. After 2014, a state that did not create an exchange could still do so if the state provides 12 months' notice, said Steve Larsen, director of the HHS Center for Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight.
Drs. Zerwas and Malone said Perry told them he can create a state insurance exchange administratively without consulting the Legislature. Nashed did not explain what legal authority Perry might have to do so.
Perry approved a measure passed by the Legislature to create "health care collaboratives," Texas' version of accountable care organizations. The bill clarified that health care organizations that assume financial risk for treating patient populations will be classified and regulated as health insurance. It also requires collaboratives to have physicians on their governing boards. Individual doctors will be able to participate in more than one collaborative.
However, many details about the collaboratives need to be spelled out, Dr. Malone said. Texas physicians are likely to be skeptical about collaboratives. "I can't imagine a scenario in which doctors would be anxious to participate in this," he said.
← Texas Falling Behind in Employer-Based Health Insurance
Texas Health Insurance Agents Advocate HSA Plans as Deterrent to Rising Health Care Costs →


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text:
[GLOBAL HUFS] Ground-breaking Ceremony for Phase 1 Development of Songdo Site Held
On May 28, 2018, a ground-breaking ceremony was held for Phase 1 Development of the HUFS Songdo site in Songdo International City within the Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ).
The HUFS Songdo site is set aside for education and research facilities located within High-Tech Industry Cluster(B) in Songdo International City in the IFEZ with a total area of 43,595㎡(13,210pyeong). The site is best suited to accommodate a campus with cultural facilities and parks in the neighborhood. Its location close to Samsung Biologics is expected to promote HUFS' industry-academia research collaboration.
The site will be developed in three phases and in Phase 1, approximately 20% of the area amounting to 8,374㎡(2,538pyeong) will be developed to construct the HUFS International Support Center, a multi-purpose lecture building which will have one basement level and three stories above ground with a total floor area of 2,680㎡(812pyeong). The building will have 15 lecture rooms, an exhibition hall, and a small auditorium.
The ceremony was attended by HUFS President Kim In-chul, Chairman Kim Chong-chul of the school foundation, and Go Nam-seok, the head of the Yeonsu-gu office. President Kim In-chul noted that, "This campus is where HUFS embraces the advanced technologies offered by Songdo International City and will become a springboard that generates synergies from industry-government-academia collaboration and enhances global competitiveness.


text:
Supriya Ghosh
A teacher by profession and engineer by trade
Sparebankstiftelsen DnB
Type Foundation
Area served Norway
Industry Holding company
Headquarters Oslo, Norway
Key people André Støylen (CEO)
Sparebankstiftelsen DNB is a Norwegian foundation. The foundation gives financial contributions to a wide range of charitable causes, and is the second largest shareholder of the financial services company DNB. The foundation's capital is a result of accumulated profits from the former savings banks which are now part of DNB. In addition to giving direct financial contributions, the Savings Bank Foundation invests in causes that benefit the general public. In 2005, they founded the instrument fund, Dextra Musica, with the aim to promote classical music. The fund owns a valuable collection of string instruments which have been placed at the disposal of Norwegian musicians. Furthermore, the foundation invests in fine art which is being exhibited at art museums in Norway. In 2016, the foundation opened Sentralen, a house for the performing arts and a gathering place for social and cultural innovation in the center of Oslo. The building originally served as the headquarters for Christiania Sparebank, which the Savings Bank Foundation DNB sprung out of. Sentralen contains several stages and production spaces as well as a restaurant and café.
The foundation was created when the two savings banks Sparebanken NOR (bank) and Gjensidige (insurance) merged to Gjensidige NOR and in 2002 became a public limited company and listed on Oslo Stock Exchange. The foundation was created to own part of the company to continue the tradition that the customers of savings bank's own part of the bank. When Gjensidige NOR merged with Den norske Bank in 2003 to form DnB NOR in 2003 the company retained an ownership in the newly created company.
Sparebankstiftelsen DnB Wikipedia
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text:
What is the difference between an estimator and a statistic?
I learned that a statistic is an attribute you can obtain from samples.Taking many samples of same size, calculating this attribute for all of them and plotting the pdf, we get the distribution of the corresponding attribute or the distribution of the corresponding statistics.
I also heard that statistics are made to be estimators, how do these two concepts differ?
terminology estimators definition
Tim♦
guttogutto
$\begingroup$ Thanks for all the answears ... The concept is a lot more clear to me now.. $\endgroup$ – gutto Jan 15 '13 at 16:19
A statistic [...] is a single measure of some attribute of a sample (e.g., its arithmetic mean value).
[A]n estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity [of the underlying distribution] based on observed data.
The important difference is:
A statistic is a function of a sample.
An estimator is a function of a sample related to some quantity of the distribution.
(For what "Quantity" means, see section below.)
A statistic is not an estimator
An estimator is a statistic with something added. To turn a statistic into an estimator, you simply spell out which target quantity you want to estimate. This is confusing, because you do not add anything "real" to the statistic, but only some intend.
To see that the difference is important, you have to realize that you cannot calculate the properties of an estimator (e.g. bias, variance, etc.) for a mere statistic. To calculate bias, you have to find the difference between the value your statistic gives you and the true value. Only an estimator comes with a "true value" which allows to compute a bias. A statistic is merely a function of the data, and it is neither right nor wrong.
Different estimators based on the same statistic
You can spell out different target quantities for the same statistic, resulting in different estimators. Each such estimator has its own bias, although they all are (based on) the same value, the same statistic.
You can use sample mean as an estimator for distribution mean. This estimator has zero bias.
You can also use sample mean as an estimator for distribution variance. This estimator is biased for most distributions.
So saying "sample mean is unbiased" does not make sense. Sample mean is unbiased when you use it to estimate distribution mean. But at the same time it is biased when using it to estimate distribution variance.
Quantities of distributions and quantities of samples
Here quantity refers to some property of the distribution, which is usually unknown and thus has to be estimated. This is in contrast to a statistic, which is a property of a sample, e.g. the distribution mean is a quantity of your distribution, while the sample mean is a statistic (a quantity of your sample).
ziggystarziggystar
$\begingroup$ There's nothing overtly wrong with these quotations, but they leave me puzzling over what exactly is meant by "quantity." For instance, the quotations do not appear to rule out the possibility that a "quantity" is another statistic based on the same data or perhaps is another statistic based on a separate set of similar data. (In the latter case the first statistic might be used as a predictor. In the former case I don't think there's a name for it, but it definitely is not "estimator.") $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jan 15 '13 at 13:27
$\begingroup$ @whuber See edit. Initially I wanted to give a short answer... :( $\endgroup$ – ziggystar Jan 15 '13 at 14:09
$\begingroup$ Presumably the sample mean and sample median will only estimate the same underlying value if the distribution is one where median=mean... $\endgroup$ – Stumpy Joe Pete Jan 15 '13 at 16:26
$\begingroup$ My criticism makes less sense in light of your edit. I was merely saying that in many distributions median != mean, so the sample median and sample mean will not converge to the same value in such cases (i.e., don't estimate the same thing). $\endgroup$ – Stumpy Joe Pete Jan 17 '13 at 0:59
$\begingroup$ @Stumpy I think you have a slight misconception here. It does not matter whether the median and mean "converge" to the same thing (or to anything at all). To clarify this, let me be a little ridiculous: I may, if I wish, use the sample variance to estimate the mean. There is absolutely no theoretical restriction--nor can there be--that says I cannot do this. My procedure fulfills all parts of the definition: the sample variance is truly a statistic and the mean is truly a property of the underlying distribution. For the definitions, it is irrelevant that this is (often) a terrible procedure. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jan 17 '13 at 20:01
This thread is a little old, but it appears that Wikipedia may have changed its definition and if it's accurate, it explains it more clearly for me:
An "estimator" or "point estimate" is a statistic (that is, a function of the data) that is used to infer the value of an unknown parameter in a statistical model.
So a statistic refers to the data itself and a calculation with that data. While an estimator refers to a parameter in a model.
If I understand it correctly, then, the mean is a statistic and may also be an estimator. The mean of a sample is a statistic (sum of the sample divided by the sample size). The mean of a sample is also an estimator of the mean of the population, assuming it's normally distributed.
I'd ask @whuber and others who really know this stuff if the (new?) Wikipedia quote is accurate.
WayneWayne
$\begingroup$ +1 I think you have it basically right. You might be interested to know that the target of an estimator does not necessarily have to be a particular "parameter" of a model: it can be any property of the model, such as a function of its parameters. For instance, $\mu^2$ is not a parameter for a Normal$(\mu,\sigma^2)$ model, but it can be estimated. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jun 15 '13 at 16:47
"6" is an example of an estimator. Say your question was, "what is the slope of the best linear function mapping x to y?" Your answer could be "6". Or it could be $(X'X)^{-1}X'Y$. Both are estimators. Which one is better is left to you to decide.
A really good TA once explained the concept of an estimator to me that way.
Basically, an estimator is a thing that you apply to data to get a quantity that you don't know the value of. You know the value of a statistic -- it is a function of the data with no "best" or "optimal" about it. There is no "best" mean. There is just a mean.
Say you have a dataset on number of goats owned per person, and each person's happiness. You're interested in how people's happiness changes with the number of goats they own. An estimator can help you to estimate that relationship from your data. Statistics are just functions of the data that you have. For example, the variance of goat ownership may equal 7. Te forula for calculating variance would be identical between goats and toasters, or whether you're interested in happiness or propensity to get cancer. In that sense, all sensible estimators are statistics.
generic_usergeneric_user
Since other answers saying that they are the same give no authoritative reference, let me give you two quotes from Statistical inference handbook by Casella and Berger:
Definition 5.2.1 Let $X_1,\dots,X_n$ be a random sample of size $n$ from a population and let $T(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ be a real-valued or vector-valued function whose domain includes the sample space of $(X_1,\dots,X_n)$. Then the random variable or random vector $Y = T(X_1,\dots,X_n)$ is called statistic. The probability distribution of statistic $Y$ is called sampling distribution of $Y$.
Definition 7.1.1 A point estimator is any function $W(X_1,\dots,X_n)$ of a sample; that is, any statistic is a point estimator.
I am not saying in here that this is the definite answer to the question, since I seem to agree with the two most upvoted answers that suggest that there is a difference, just giving a reference that says the opposite to highlight that this is not a clear-cut case.
Tim♦Tim
Interesting question. Estimators and statistics do not need to be different things, though. They are different concepts.
A statistic is a function (in broad terms) in which the input is (statistical) data. The effect is that you gain a result, usually a number, from this statistic. In a more abstract term, a statistic may yield more than one number. The statistic depends on the data, but the procedure is deterministic. So the statistic may be: "Sum all numbers and divide by the count" or, in the broader sense "take the gdp data and prepare a report on it".
In the statistical sense we are of course talking about a mathematical function as a statistic.
The significance of this is that if you know properties of the data you input (for example it beeing a random variable), then you can calculate the properties of your statistic, without actually putting in empirical data.
Estimators are estimators because of you intent: to estimate a property. As it turns out, some statistics are good estimators.
For example if you pull data points out of a pool of i.i.d. variables, then the arithmetic mean - a statistic based on the data you pull, will probably be a good estimator for the expected value of that distribution. But then again any thing that produces an estimate is an estimator.
In practice, estimators that you use will be statistics, but there are statistics that aren't estimators. For example test-statistics - though one can argue about the semantics of this statement and to make matters worse, a test statistic may not only be but also include estimators. Though conceptually this doesn't have to be the case.
And of course you can have estimators that aren't statistics, though they are probably not very good at estimating.
IMAIMA
$\begingroup$ Could you elaborate a little on that last sentence? For instance, consider an iid sample of size $2n$. I will estimate the median of the population by using a coin flip to choose among the $n$th and $n+1$st largest values in the sample. According to your definition this is not a statistic, because it is not a "deterministic" procedure (although it is a statistic according to a common more general definition). It also is a reasonably good estimator. So I am wondering just what kind of object you have in mind when you refer to an "estimator" that is not a "statistic." $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jan 15 '13 at 13:31
$\begingroup$ Yeah I would argue that "choosing a value" is the deterministic statistic and everything beforehand is related to modification of the sample you chose from. Then again since the "procedure" if you will - is deterministic I may just allow stochastic elements such this in my definition of statistic... Point beeing that estimators which are not a statistic could be at least those which are independent of any data. For example the number "6" in the answer below. Please note that I did not say that non-statistic estimators are necessarily bad. $\endgroup$ – IMA Jan 17 '13 at 7:52
$\begingroup$ I think perhaps you are making too many fine distinctions which are unnecessary and, in the end, complicate your exposition. For example, "1/2" is a great estimator of the parameter of a Bernoulli variable (it is minimax for quadratic loss), so it would be a shame to rule it out just because it is independent of the data. (That would be analogous to ruling out squares as examples of rectangles in Euclidean geometry: you could do that, but that would then double the lengths of most statements concerning properties of rectangles.) It similarly helps not to rule out randomized statistics. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jan 17 '13 at 15:28
$\begingroup$ I don't think we are really talking about the same thing. Where do I rule out anything? If one-half is a great estimator, then it is a case where it is. I just don't think that the majority of possible estimators not beeing statistics are pretty great. For a Bernoulli variable "1/2" is good. But -quite- a few other estimators from the class "A real number" are not very good, wouldn't you agree? On the matter of randomized statistics still based on data- I didn't rule it out as I would still say you will require a deterministic procedure. But I concede that I should add this above. $\endgroup$ – IMA Jan 18 '13 at 8:08
I think a better understanding about what is a sample helps.
[Updated: Sample is a very broad concept, I was talking about "the random sample" . I don't know whether an estimator makes sense or not when the sample is not random.]
A random sample is defined as a sample where each individual member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected as part of the sample.
An estimator is a function of a sample. A sample is actually a set of (say, $n$) i.i.d. random variables. That means an estimator is also a function of random variables. An estimator defines a measurement, but not the values of an actual measurement. But we can call it, "the rule for estimating a given quantity based on observed data." Because based on $n$ specific experiments, we can have $n$ specific values for the $n$ i.i.d. random variables. And we get a specific value of the size-$n$ sample.
We replace the sample in the estimator by the value of the sample. We get a value of the estimator, this is a specific measure. And this specific measure is a statistic.
(Check this link for the definition of an estimator, the last sentence reveals why we are always confused.)
alexyangfoxalexyangfox
The Goal of This Piece of Writing:
What I want to do here is to provide you with the similarities and differences between the two intimately related concepts called "statistic" and "estimator". However, I do not want to go through the differences between a parameter and a statistic, which I assume is clear enough to everyone who is struggling with the differences between a statistic and an estimator. If it is not the case for you, you need to study earlier posts first, and then start studying this post.
Basically, any real-valued function of observable random variables in a sample is called a statistic. There are some statistics that if they are well designed, and have some good properties (e.g. consistency, ... ), they can be used to estimate the parameters of the underlying distribution of the population. Therefore, statistics are a large set, and estimators are a subset inside the set of statistics. Hence, every estimator is a statistic, but not every statistic is an estimator.
Similarities:
Speaking of the similarities, as mentioned earlier, both are functions of random variables. In addition, both have distributions called "sampling distributions."
Differences:
Speaking of the differences, they are different in terms of their goals and tasks. The goals and tasks of a statistic could be summarizing the information in a sample (by using sufficient statistics), and sometimes doing hypothesis test, etc. In contrast, the primary goal and task of an estimator, as its name implies, is to estimate the parameters of the population being studied. It is important to mention that there are a wide variety of estimators, each of which has its own computational logic behind, such as MOMEs, MLEs, OLS estimators and so on. Another difference between these two concepts has to do with their desired properties. While one of the most desired properties of a statistic is "sufficiency", the desired properties of an estimator are things like "consistency", "unbiasedness", "precision", etc.
Therefore, you need to be careful about using terminology correctly when dealing with statistics and estimators. For instance, it does not make much sense to talk about the biasedness of a mere statistic, which is by no means an estimator, because there is no parameter involved in such a context in order for us to be able to calculate the bias, and talk about it. Thus, you need to be careful about the terminology!
To sum up, any function of observable random variables in a sample is a statistic. If a statistic has capability to estimate a parameter of a population, then we call it an estimator (of the parameter of interest). However, there are some statistics that are not designed to estimate parameters, so these statistics are not estimators, and here we call them "mere statistics".
What I offered above is the way I look at and think of these two concepts, and I tried my best to put it in simple words. I hope it helps!
Ali Zeytoon NejadAli Zeytoon Nejad
New answer to an old Q:
Definition 1. A statistic is a function that maps each sample to a real number.
Every estimator is a statistic.
But we tend to call only those statistics that are used to generate estimates ("guesses") some parameter an estimator.
So for example, the t-statistic and the sample mean are BOTH statistics. The sample mean is also an estimator (because we often use it to estimate the true population mean).
In contrast, we rarely/never call the t-statistic an estimator, because we rarely/never use it to estimate any parameter.
In the example below, $P$ is a statistic, but not an estimator. While $Q$ is both a statistic and an estimator.
$$\underline{\text{Example}}$$
Suppose our parameter-of-interest is the average outcome $\theta$ of a die-roll.
$\theta$ is some fixed real number that is perhaps known only to God. Nonetheless, we can try to estimate it.
Here's one possible method. We roll a die 3 times.
A sample is any $\textbf{s}=\left(x_1,x_2,x_3\right)$, where $x_1$ is the outcome of the first roll, $x_2$ that of the second, and $x_3$ that of the third.
Here are three examples of samples: $\textbf{s}_1=\left(5,4,1\right)$, $\textbf{s}_2=\left(4,1,6\right)$, and $\textbf{s}_3=\left(6,3,2\right)$.
Here are two examples of statistics $P$ and $Q$ (remember that a statistic is simply a function). Define $P$ and $Q$ by: For any $\textbf{s}=\left(x_1,x_2,x_3\right)$, $$P(\textbf{s})=\frac{x_1}{\ln(x_2+x_3)},$$ $$Q(\textbf{s})=\frac{x_1+x_2+x_3}{3}.$$
The statistic $P$ is a rather-bizarre statistic and is probably not very useful for anything. Nonetheless, it is a statistic all the same, simply because it satisfies the definition of a statistic (it is a function that maps each sample to a real number).
$Q$ is also a statistic. But in addition, it is also an estimator for the parameter $\theta$.
(We could, of course, claim that $P$ is also an estimator for $\theta$. But it would be a very poor estimator that no one would want to use.)
Kenny LJKenny LJ
$\begingroup$ This answer is headed in a good direction. "Definition 2," though, does not appear to be a valid definition, because of its circularity (it defines "estimator" in terms of "estimate" without explaining the latter). For it to be effective you need to explain what an "estimate of a parameter" is in sufficient detail and clarity that people can formulate quantitative measurements of how well an estimator works. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jun 21 '16 at 13:27
$\begingroup$ @whuber: I'm trying to keep it simple. A parameter is any real number (e.g. the average outcome $\theta$ of a die roll). Informally, an estimate for a parameter is simply a "guess" of what a parameter is. An estimate is thus simply also a real number. (E.g., an estimate of $\theta$ is $5$.) // The question of "how to formulate quantitative measurements of how well an estimator works" is entirely distinct from the simpler and more basic question of the distinction between a statistic and an estimator. Which is the question here. $\endgroup$ – Kenny LJ Jun 22 '16 at 12:16
$\begingroup$ Unfortunately, as I was trying to suggest, something essential seems to have been lost in the simplification, because your second definition does not distinguish an estimator from any other statistic at all. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jun 22 '16 at 13:32
$\begingroup$ @whuber: That's right. Formally, an estimator is simply a statistic. But we tend to use the word "estimator" to refer to a statistic if that statistic is used to estimate some parameter-of-interest. I have edited my answer to clarify this point. $\endgroup$ – Kenny LJ Jun 23 '16 at 2:25
In hypothesis testing :
A test-statistic is about hypothesis testing. A test-statistic is a random variable given/under the null hypothesis. Now, some may call a statistic the value/measure of the test-statistic given the sample.
With these two you can get the p-value which is a measure that helps to reject or not reject the null hypothesis. All in all, a statistic is an estimation of how far/close to your hypothesis.
This link may be useful.
dfhgfhdfhgfh
$\begingroup$ You seem to be addressing a different question, something related to hypothesis tests rather than estimation. Your definition of "statistic" is much more restricted in scope than standard definitions are: statistics apply to all forms of decision making, not just the very limited cases of hypothesis testing and null hypotheses. Moreover, hypothesis tests are not the same as estimators and most statistics are not used as estimators of nearness to some hypothesis. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jan 15 '13 at 15:05
$\begingroup$ I wouldn't say it's a different question. It gives a picture about what it is in the context of hypothesis testing at least! $\endgroup$ – dfhgfh Jan 15 '13 at 15:18
$\begingroup$ Because this answer focuses on a limited and specialized version of the question and uses the key terms "estimator" and "statistic" in unconventional ways, without alerting the reader to that fact, I worry that it may mislead or confuse people. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jan 15 '13 at 15:20
$\begingroup$ I thought Hypothesis testing was far to be a limited and specialized field of statistics. $\endgroup$ – dfhgfh Jan 15 '13 at 15:41
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Ohio DOT Announces Plans to Modernize Rest Areas
Tuesday, February 28th, 2012
Despite the fact that Ohio says it is $50 million short on funds to operate its rest areas, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) last week announced plans to modernize East and Westbound rest areas along U.S. 33 in Meigs County. The project is scheduled to go to bid this summer, and ODOT said it hopes to have the work completed by late fall.
A total of 44 rest areas in the state were scheduled for upgrades beginning in November 2010, including one along U.S. 50 in Athens County, the two along U.S. 33 in Hocking County and one along Ohio 7 in Gallia County. Ohio Reps. Steve LaTourette (R) and Dennis Kucinich (D) have introduced an amendment to the highway bill seeking to allow commercial rest areas both on and off interstate highways.
House Abandons Five-Year Highway Bill
As the Partnership to Save Highway Communities and other groups were gearing up for a possible floor vote to attach an amendment on rest area commercialization to the highway bill, House Republicans decided to put the highway bill on hold late Friday afternoon. While the future of the bill is uncertain, the House reportedly plans to pass a shorter-term bill.
The five-year, $260 billion highway bill was scheduled to come to the floor this week for a full House vote, but Democrats and some conservative Republicans were united in opposition to the bill.
At this time, the Partnership is working to determine what this will mean for language in the bill that would have allowed states to sell advertising and sponsorships at rest areas as well as Amendment 217, which seeks to allow the commercialization of rest areas located both on and off the interstate highway.
House and Senate Set to Consider Transportation Legislation
Both the House and Senate will take up separate transportation bills this week.
The U.S. House of Representatives is scheduled to consider H.R. 7, The American Energy and Infrastructure Jobs Act of 2012, on Wednesday. The five-year, $260 billion bill has been the subject of much debate mostly due to the ways in which it will be paid for. The bill cuts off fuel-tax revenue for public transit, expands offshore oil and Alaska drilling, requires approval of the Keystone XL oil pipeline, and reduces retirement benefits for federal workers to help pay for transportation. The bill also allows limited commercial activities at rest areas, allowing for advertising and sponsorships, and promotion of state tourism.
In the Senate, a two-year $109 billion bill titled Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21), will be considered this week as well.
NATSO, a member of the Partnership to Save Highway Communities, has joined with other transportation groups issuing a letter opposing a possible amendment to allow expanded tolling on existing interstates.
Independent Oil Marketer Testifies Against New Hampshire Study of Rest Area Commercialization
A member of the Independent Oil Marketers Association (IOMA) testified Feb. 7 in opposition to New Hampshire HB 1293, which would establish a commission to study retail opportunities and the sale of gasoline at rest areas on the state's interstate highways.
IOMA member Tom Frawley of Summit Distribution in Lebanon, N.H., testified before the New Hampshire House Public Works and Highways Committee that federal law prohibits interstate rest areas built after 1960 from offering commercial services such as food and fuel. He also testified that while Congress currently is in the process of the transportation reauthorization, neither the House nor the Senate bills that have been introduced propose any changes that would allow commercial fuel stations at rest areas.
Regardless of the outcome of HB 1293 or the study it authorizes, New Hampshire could not move forward with gas stations at rest areas on the Interstate Highway System under federal law.
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Provide comfort for the family of Margaret Grady with a meaningful gesture of sympathy.
KENNEBUNK: Margaret Mary "Margo" Grady, 73, of Kennebunk, formerly of Wakefield, MA, died peacefully Monday, March 11, 2019 at the Kennebunk Center for Rehabilitation following a period of failing health with her loving family at her side.
Margo, to all who knew her, was born April 11, 1945 in Winchester, MA, the daughter of John Norton and Margaret Blake Kelly, and is a graduate of the former Our Lady of Nazareth Academy in Stoneham. She then attended Catherine Gibbs School in Boston.
Margo worked as a legal secretary for the law firm Siegel, Praeger & Wishnow for 15 years, became the U.S. distributor for Partridge Fish Hooks, and following her move to Maine, worked for 5 years at the Mainestay Inn in Kennebunkport.
She was a member of Holy Spirit Parish, St. Martha's Church in Kennebunk, loved working on arts and crafts, especially painting rocks that had been tumbled at the beach, and caring for her many pets over the years, especially her dogs.
Margo first and foremost loved her family and did everything she could to show her love for them, especially her two granddaughters Emily and Lillian. Whether it was an overnight visit to nanny's house, finding the best bargain possible or a trip to the beach to find that special rock for her next project, everything was with a focus on making a memory for her granddaughters.
Margo is predeceased by two sisters, Maureen Maloney and Eileen Mengotto.
Survivors include her loving husband of 50 years, William Grady of Kennebunk, her son Brendan Grady and his wife Tracy of Lunenburg, MA, two granddaughters Emily M and Lillian V Grady, both of Lunenburg, two sisters Karen Kelly of Dennis, MA and Kathleen Lynch of Reading, MA. and several nieces and nephews.
Visiting hours will be held 4 to 7PM Thursday, March 14, 2019 at Bibber Memorial Chapel, 67 Summer St. Kennebunk, with a Funeral Mass to be celebrated 10:30 AM Friday, March 15, 2019 at Holy Spirit Parish, St. Martha's Church, 30 Portland Rd, Kennebunk. A Committal will be held 2:30 PM Friday at St. Patrick's Cemetery, Stoneham, MA.
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