text:
Privatisation of building code enforcement: a comparative study of regimes in Australia and Canada
Privatisation of building code enforcement: a comparative study of regimes in Australia and Canada Jeroen van der Heijden 2010-04-20 00:00:00 Purpose – The paper aims to document the effects of the privatisation of building code enforcement regimes. It notes that privatisation is generally accompanied by trade‐offs between competing democratic values such as effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, and equity and explores the extent to which particular trade‐offs might be related to aspects of the design of the regimes in which they occur. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a comparative case study analysis of two Australian and two Canadian privatised building control regimes. This comparison is based on semi‐structured interviews with key actors in the building and building control industries. Findings – Evidence of the expected trade‐offs between competing democratic values is found in the privatised regimes within the case study. Some of these might be explained in terms of the extent of private sector involvement (PSI) in a regime, or of the nature of the relationship between the public and the private sectors within it. However, not all trade‐offs are necessarily related to these characteristics. Overall, PSI deliver an increase in effectiveness and efficiency but at a particular cost of public accountability. A competitive, rather than a complementary, relationship between the private and public sectors in a privatised regime is also found to be more likely to generate problems related to the equity of the service being provided. Research limitations/implications – The case studies are explorative in nature and the research does not therefore claim empirical generalization, but instead provides illustrations of the impacts that might result from privatising building code enforcement. The paper is largely based on a series of interviews. The findings should be understood as the aggregated opinions of the interviewees. Practical implications – Based on the case study analysis, the paper draws important conclusions for policymakers in this area. It suggests that privatisation should be performed with the utmost care and highlights positive features of the regimes studied that might indicate some of the ingredients of a successful privatisation. These include providing private sector inspectors with the opportunity to specialize, confining PSI to assessment tasks, and ensuring that a complementary relationship exists between the private and public sectors within the privatised regime. Originality/value – The paper makes original contributes to existing literature on the impact of the "policy mix" on regulatory governance, and on the trade‐offs which result from the introduction of the private sector into regulatory governance. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png International Journal of Law in the Built Environment Emerald Publishing http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/privatisation-of-building-code-enforcement-a-comparative-study-of-r8LP3Hse0O
Jeroen van der Heijden
International Journal of Law in the Built Environment
, Volume 2 (1): 16 – Apr 20, 2010
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Purpose – The paper aims to document the effects of the privatisation of building code enforcement regimes. It notes that privatisation is generally accompanied by trade‐offs between competing democratic values such as effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, and equity and explores the extent to which particular trade‐offs might be related to aspects of the design of the regimes in which they occur. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a comparative case study analysis of two Australian and two Canadian privatised building control regimes. This comparison is based on semi‐structured interviews with key actors in the building and building control industries. Findings – Evidence of the expected trade‐offs between competing democratic values is found in the privatised regimes within the case study. Some of these might be explained in terms of the extent of private sector involvement (PSI) in a regime, or of the nature of the relationship between the public and the private sectors within it. However, not all trade‐offs are necessarily related to these characteristics. Overall, PSI deliver an increase in effectiveness and efficiency but at a particular cost of public accountability. A competitive, rather than a complementary, relationship between the private and public sectors in a privatised regime is also found to be more likely to generate problems related to the equity of the service being provided. Research limitations/implications – The case studies are explorative in nature and the research does not therefore claim empirical generalization, but instead provides illustrations of the impacts that might result from privatising building code enforcement. The paper is largely based on a series of interviews. The findings should be understood as the aggregated opinions of the interviewees. Practical implications – Based on the case study analysis, the paper draws important conclusions for policymakers in this area. It suggests that privatisation should be performed with the utmost care and highlights positive features of the regimes studied that might indicate some of the ingredients of a successful privatisation. These include providing private sector inspectors with the opportunity to specialize, confining PSI to assessment tasks, and ensuring that a complementary relationship exists between the private and public sectors within the privatised regime. Originality/value – The paper makes original contributes to existing literature on the impact of the "policy mix" on regulatory governance, and on the trade‐offs which result from the introduction of the private sector into regulatory governance.
International Journal of Law in the Built Environment – Emerald Publishing
Keywords: Privatization; Buildings; Regulation; Australia; Canada
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Heijden, D.V.J. (2010). Privatisation of building code enforcement: a comparative study of regimes in Australia and Canada. International Journal of Law in the Built Environment, 2(1), 60-75.
Heijden, dervanJeroen. "Privatisation of building code enforcement: a comparative study of regimes in Australia and Canada." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 2.1 (2010): 60-75.


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You'll love life in Living Coral, the 2019 Pantone color of the year. Laura shares the details of this color range, and how to wear it. You'll see it all spring and summer, so get ready! It's super flattering for most skin tones, and it's so pretty. Please join us for this colorful episode!
http://www.fashionabilitychannel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Fashionability-New-Years-Eve-Get-Your-glitter-On-mp3.mp3Just in time for New Year's Eve, Laura and Emily join forces to share their top picks for a great party look. When it comes to ringing in the new year, what better way to sparkle as the ball drops than to glitter, glitter, glitter! Check out Emily's product recommendations and Laura's tips on how to wear glitter makeup in our final show of 2018! Happy New Year!
You want to look professional, yet feel comfortable in a situation that's a bit…complicated. Laura and Marana had a tight schedule to plan for, as we worked in an exhibit hall booth, did some networking, had a bit of social time, and had to travel…all in one day. We did find time, though, to chat about our style choices, as you will hear in this episode of "What Are You Wearing?" It's our final summer post as we head into the fall season. Hope you all had a fabulous summer!
Purple is the color of royalty, the color of passion, and the color of the year…at least, according to Pantone. But it can be a tricky color to wear, because it doesn't flatter all skin tones. Whether you call it periwinkle, lavender, bluish red or ultraviolet, join Laura for a bit of education about color, and get some tips on how to wear this vivid, eye-catching shade.
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NEW POLL: America Is Evenly Divided Between Progressives/Liberals And Conservatives/Libertarians
ThinkProgress Mar 11, 2009, 4:04 pm
Our guest bloggers are John Halpin and Ruy Teixeira, fellows at the Center for American Progress.
For years, traditional public opinion polling has broken down Americans' political ideology into three distinct groupings: liberal, moderate, and conservative. Based on this simplified categorization, there has been remarkable stability in ideological orientation with roughly one-fifth of Americans identifying themselves as 'liberal' and about 4 in 10 classifying themselves as 'moderate' or 'conservative', respectively, according to Gallup polling from 1992 to 2008.
Two new studies (here and here) conducted by the Progressive Studies Program at the Center for American Progress break down the electorate on a new 5-point scale of political ideology that reflects the primary approaches people ascribe to today. Under this schematic, 34 percent of the country self-identifies as 'conservative', 29 percent as 'moderate', 15 percent as 'liberal', 16 percent as 'progressive', and 2 percent as 'libertarian'.
After moderates are asked which approach they lean towards, the overall ideological breakdown of the country divides into fairly neat left and right groupings with 47 percent of Americans identifying as progressive or liberal and 48 percent as conservative or libertarian and the rest unsure.
A nation that is evenly split in its political identity is decidedly center-left in its policy orientation:
• By a margin of almost nine to one, Americans agree that "government investments in education, infrastructure, and science are necessary to ensure America's long-term economic growth," (79 percent agree, 12 percent neutral, 9 percent disagree).
• More than three in four Americans (76 percent) also agree with the president's argument that "America's economic future requires a transformation away from oil, gas, and coal to renewable energy sources such as wind and solar."
• Nearly three in four Americans believe that "government regulations are necessary to keep businesses in check and protect workers and consumers," (73 percent agree, 15 percent neutral, 12 percent disagree).
• Nearly two in three Americans (65 percent) agree that "the federal government should guarantee affordable health coverage for every American."
Complementing this agenda are significant demographic shifts that favor progressives. Between 1988 and 2008, the share of minority voters in presidential elections has risen by 11 points, while the share of increasingly progressive white college graduate voters has risen by four points. But the share of white-working class voters, who have remained conservative in their orientation, has plummeted by 15 points.
How progressive are you? Take our interactive quiz.
Check out the map of a New Progressive America.
#Politics

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RETURN TO 2-DAY CRICKET, 5 ROUNDS TO GO!
This weekend sees Sydney University meet Sydney in Round 11 of the Sydney Grade Cricket Competition. First grade has the home game in a 2-Day affair, while second, third, fourth and fifth grades will play at Drummoyne Oval, St Paul's College, Ryde Oval and Kensington Oval respectively.
With the McDonald's First Grade Limited-Overs Competition now taking a break until the Qualifying Finals on February 15, first grade still have some gains to make to live up to their fine record as reigning premiers, 2010/2011 premiers and 2011/2012 premiers. Currently placed 11th on 24 points, Uni will be after an emphatic win against the 17th place Sydney as they look to make a late surge with five rounds to go before the qualifying finals on March 21.
Second grade continue in a fashionable lead in first place on 51 points ahead of Northern Districts (41 points). Lining up against the 11th placed Sydney (28 points), the premiers of a spectacular three previous seasons will be confident to go out and solidify their dominance once again.
A win will also be welcomed in third grade when they, currently in 8th place on 30 points, take on their Sydney equivalent (20th place on 6 points). We can also be confident that fifth grade (in 5th place on 32 points) can secure a win against Sydney who sit in 15th place on 18 points.
It's poised to be a close and exciting fourth grade contest down at Ryde Oval when the well-performing Uni (2nd place, 42 points) battle it out with Sydney (also on 42 points). Both teams will be eager for the win and have ladder leaders Manly-Warringah (48 points) in their sights.
In the Triforce Sports Metropolitan Cup, reigning premiers Sydney University will take on Randwick Petersham Green at Alexandria Park on Saturday. Uni are ranked 2nd on 46 points trailing Penrith on 62 points, while Randwick Petersham Green sit down the ladder in 6th place on 24 points.
It will be another full weekend of cricket and SUCC will be out on the ovals to leave winning marks across the board in Round 11.


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Stanford Business Magazine
Design for the quarterly alumni publication of the prestigious business school.
The Stanford Graduate School of Business is one of the most prestigious MBA programs in the world and is currently ranked as the No. 1 business school in the United States by U.S. News & World Report. (It shares the top spot with Harvard.) Located in the heart of Silicon Valley, Stanford GSB is part of a community that includes many of the world's most forward-looking companies, and the school has an ambitious vision of business as a force for social good. Pentagram redesigned Stanford Business magazine, the quarterly alumni publication, with a new format inspired by Stanford's commitment to innovation.
The designers worked closely with Stanford Business's editor-in-chief Michael Freedman to develop the redesign. Freedman joined the publication from a background in news journalism, and true to the school's mission, has re-imagined the alumni magazine with a format that is lively, engaging and impactful, and helps connect GSB to the world at large. The first issue of the redesign was launched in Spring 2013.
The new Stanford Business is designed to stand out with a distinctive look and feel. The dimensions of the magazine are slightly smaller than the existing format, making it more unique. The standard magazine sections—the front-of-book, departments and columns—have been eschewed for a structure inspired by the school's motto: "Change Lives. Change Organizations. Change the World." Articles and features are organized in three sections, "Lives," "Organizations," and "World," which cover the various scales of business and how it is integrated into society. The look is bold and colorful, with a palette loosely based on the school's new identity. Stanford is renowned for the beauty of its campus, and the design of the magazine is bright, clean and airy, as a way to evoke the quality of light of the California coast.
Each issue of the quarterly centers on a specific theme, like "Reinvention," which was timed to the magazine's relaunch, or "Balance," the focus of the new issue. The covers interpret these themes in illustrations that are modern, positive and colorful. The themes are the only cover lines, and also appear "hidden" on the fore edge of the issue.
The content is wide-ranging, and most articles are short—only two to four pages in length—and include material repackaged from the magazine's website. To accommodate these articles of varying length, the design uses a less conventional "stacking" grid rather than the traditional hanging grid. The columns echo the forms of business bar graphs, with bodies of copy rising or growing as needed to fill the space. The principal serif typefaces are Tiempos Headline and Tiempos Text, and Galaxie Polaris is the sans serif font. GrotzecCond is used for drop caps.
Images play an integral role in the redesign, and many articles open with visuals, rather than text. The designers worked on the project with consulting photo editor Ayanna Quint. The photography has been carefully edited for impact, and where possible, images of the campus or California locale are used to help reinforce the sense of place and connect to alumni readers. The photography is balanced by strong illustration that helps create a smart and contemporary tone.
Each issue is published in two versions: one that closes with a "Class Notes" section of alumni news; the other without, for a wider readership. The "Class Notes" section is introduced with a historic photograph from the magazine's archives, followed by "Who, What, Where," a double-page infographic that presents a map of the world with alumni news pointed out in various locations, and a run of figures ("By the Numbers") that tie into alumni accomplishments. Another feature, "From the Archives," reprints historic ephemera from the magazine's past.
The magazine's back page features "Exchange," a monthly roundup of brief quotes from alumni, professors and visiting lecturers that tie into the theme of the issue. Versions with the "Class Notes" section wrap up with "Town Square," which asks current students questions related to the theme.
Portfolio view
Stanford University Graduate School of Business
Luke Hayman
Spring 2016 issue.
The photography has been carefully edited for impact, and where possible, images of the campus or California locale are used to help reinforce the sense of place and connect to alumni readers.
Summer 2016 issue.
Autumn 2016 issue.
Makr Shakr
Identity, web application and data visualization for a robotic mixology installation at the Google I/O conference.


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George Brown eyes lakefront
By Louise BrownEducation Reporter
Thu., March 13, 2008timer3 min. read
It would be a school for wellness by the water, George Brown College's dream of a lakefront campus where all its scattered student nurses and gerontologists and dental hygienists and hearing specialists and personal support workers could learn together in one airy new complex.
The downtown community college is negotiating with land agency Waterfront Toronto to see if it can realize that sweet dream not far from Redpath Sugar near the foot of Sherbourne St.
"We're a landlocked institution that's doubled its students in the past eight years, which is hugely exciting, but we need to grow and expand our footprint," said George Brown president Anne Sado.
"We're a downtown college with a focus on the arts and creative communications and hospitality and construction – so we align well with the sectors of growth in Toronto," she said.
While talks are still hush-hush and there has been no money pledged yet by Queen's Park, Waterfront Toronto officials say a college campus would be just what's needed to breathe life, youth and a cultural pulse into this sleepy corner of downtown.
"To have students on the waterfront would make it absolutely vital; they would animate the area year-round, not just in summer," said Marisa Piattelli, vice-president of government relations, communications and strategic initiatives for Waterfront Toronto, the public agency that manages Toronto's lakeshore.
The college wants to lease land from the city at the heart of the East Bayfront strip of shoreline being developed between Jarvis St. and Cherry St. The 0.7 hectares sit east of the Jarvis St. slip and just east of the Corus Entertainment complex that is under construction.
"We'd like to amalgamate all our health science students from the three or four locations they're spread over at the moment into one complex where they could train in the sort of teams they'll work in when they graduate," said Sado.
The college also hopes it could open its first student residence there, plus a new sports centre.
"We get students from all over the country and world, yet at the moment, we can only offer them housing lists. We'd like to be able to provide a residence," said Sado, whose college has jumped to 15,000 full-time students from 7,500 in 2000.
Students already have approved a levy to help pay for a new fitness centre; the current athletic facilities at two of the college's campuses are showing their age, she said.
George Brown has been growing already; it is adding 18,000 square feet on its food service building at 300 Adelaide St.; it purchased the old Pasquale Brothers building at 215 King St. E. to provide another 20,000 square feet, and leased 30,000 square feet at a Richmond St. E. building for graphic design and digital media; and has created more space at its Casa Loma campus for emergency management and English as a second language.
Yet it still has health science students scattered across town, with nursing on King St. and hearing specialists and dental hygienists at the Casa Loma campus and prosthetics technicians at the Sunnybrook Health Science Centre and gerontology at Ryerson University.
"The future of the health-care professions is to provide care in teams, so we've introduced the whole concept of team-based, interdisciplinary training," said Sado.
"If we could amalgamate health sciences by the lake, we could open up room on the other campuses to expand apprenticeships and trades programs by up to 40 per cent over the next five years," she added.
"We feel very strongly we have to grow to help Ontario's looming labour shortage."
Waterfront Toronto


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text:
Phillips, Wong Provide 9th Inning Magic Again, Beating San Rafael 8-7
Jul 10, 2015 | 2015, news
San Rafael, CA – The Vallejo Admirals (12-21) came from behind for the second straight night, winning the rubber match against San Rafael Pacifics (17-15), 8-7, Thursday night, at Albert Park.
The contest remained a seesaw battle for much of the evening, as the two rivals battled through the rain. The Pacifics appeared to be on their way to a victory after putting up a five spot in the sixth inning, but the Admirals once again found some ninth inning magic, scoring twice to pull ahead and eventually win it. For the second time in as many nights, PJ Phillips provided the game-tying hit, with Josh Wong contributing the game winner. Reliever Derrick Mitchell earned the win, and Bryan Escanio closed it out for the save.
Both squads had their aces on the mound: David Dinelli for the Admirals, and Patrick Conroy for the Pacifics. Both hurlers would end up with very similar nights, battling through base runners and a couple of sloppy plays, but neither would factor into the decision.
The two teams traded runs in the first and fourth innings, making it a 2-2 game heading into the fifth.
Vallejo put up the games first crooked number, with Aaron Brill setting the table after reaching on an error to lead it off. Gadiel Baez bunted him over to second base, and then Jaylen Harris singled him home. That brought up Glenn Walker, who sent the second pitch he saw into the left-center field gap. Harris scored easily, and the speedy Walker came charging around to third for a triple. On the play, the throw from center fielder Zach Pace went way off line, allowing Walker to advance and slide in to home, handing the Admirals a 5-2 lead.
As had been happening all game, however, the momentum swung back to San Rafael in the very next inning.
After a quick out number one, Danny Gonzalez singled, and Adrian Martinez hit a two-run shot to bring the Pacifics to within one run. David Kiriakos then doubled, and eventually came around to score the tying run on a throwing error by Dinelli. After walking Sergio Miranda, Vallejo went to their bullpen.
"I think it was a little rust, because he had a couple of extra days of rest," said manager Garry Templeton on his starter. "He started to tighten up a little bit in those later innings, so that took a little velocity off of his pitches and he made a couple of mistakes and got touched up a little bit. But the intensity and the fire that he brings, and the experience he has of not giving in and continuing to battle no matter what, are things that he always brings to the table."
Reliever Josh Evans got the call to face the dangerous Matt Chavez. Chavez jumped at the first pitch he saw, and sent it over the center field wall for the second two-run dinger of the inning, to give San Rafael their first lead, at 7-5.
Despite having lost the lead three times, the Admirals never stopped fighting
They got one back in the seventh to make it a one-run game. Harris led off the inning with a double, and two batters later scored on a single from Phillips.
After a scoreless eighth, the contest went to the ninth, with the Pacifics trying to avoid a replay of the previous night. Vallejo had other plans.
Like he did in the seventh, it was Harris who got the ball rolling, beating out a high chopper for an infield single. After Walker bunted him over the second, it once again set the table for Phillips with a runner in scoring position.
"I was really just focused on hitting one pitch," said Phillips. "The first pitch he threw was a cutter away, so I just sat dead-red and he gave me my pitch and I hit it."
The ball sailed high and deep towards the left-center field gap, and for a moment looked as if it might make it over the fence. It came just short, banging off of the wall. Harris scored easily to tie the game at 7-7, and Phillips, who was hustling out of the box, ended up at third with a triple.
"He's a professional hitter," said Templeton. "He's one of the best hitters in this league, and he could probably be one of the best hitters in any league. You know you're going to get a competitive at bat every time he steps to the plate. If you make a mistake he's going to make you pay for it."
With the go-ahead run at third with one out, Wong stepped to the plate, one night after being hit by a pitch to force in what would ultimately be the game winner.
This time around, it was Wong hitting the baseball, rather than the other way around. He got around on one, sending it into right field for a single.
"I knew he was going to come with a fastball because he's a hard thrower," explained Wong, "so he was going to challenge me. I swung through the first one, and he was just bringing the heat, so I just had to catch up with it and get my foot down early. Luckily enough I got it in over the second baseman's head and it dropped in, and PJ scored."
"I've been telling him, it's not always the big line drives or the doubles, sometimes it's a jam shot like Luis Gonzalez winning the World Series," said Templeton with a laugh. "Sometimes it's a seeing-eye single, it's just about getting that confidence and getting the job done, whatever it takes. And getting the job done is a huge boost of confidence for him and the team."
In the bottom of the ninth, Escanio was called on to hold the 8-7 lead for the Admirals. San Rafael had the heart of their order due up, but Escanio made quick work of them, retiring the side in order on 10 pitches to seal another comeback win.
"It's just great for the team right now, this was exactly what we needed," said Wong after the big win. "Yeah sure the blowouts can be good, but it's the tough games, the close games, that are really going to define us throughout the season."
"We're just trying to battle right now," added Phillips. "We've been in a little funk, but everything is coming together. Hitting, pitching, defense, everybody is coming together right now and it's a good feeling."
The Admirals will be back at it tonight as they travel to Sonoma to begin a three game series against the Stompers. The action gets underway at 6:00 PM, as Vallejo sends Demetrius Banks to the mound.


text:
Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition
L. Resplandy, R. F. Keeling, Y. Eddebbar, M. Brooks, R. Wang, L. Bopp, M. C. Long, J. P. Dunne, W. Koeve, A. Oschlies
Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences
Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering
The ocean is the main source of thermal inertia in the climate system. Ocean heat uptake during recent decades has been quantified using ocean temperature measurements. However, these estimates all use the same imperfect ocean dataset and share additional uncertainty due to sparse coverage, especially before 2007. Here, we provide an independent estimate by using measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) – levels of which increase as the ocean warms and releases gases – as a whole ocean thermometer. We show that the ocean gained 1.29 ± 0.79 × 1022 Joules of heat per year between 1991 and 2016, equivalent to a planetary energy imbalance of 0.80 ± 0.49 W watts per square metre of Earth's surface. We also find that the ocean-warming effect that led to the outgassing of O2 and CO2 can be isolated from the direct effects of anthropogenic emissions and CO2 sinks. Our result – which relies on high-precision O2 atmospheric measurements dating back to 1991 – leverages an integrative Earth system approach and provides much needed independent confirmation of heat uptake estimated from ocean data.
Dive into the research topics of 'Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Oceans and Seas Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Hot Temperature Medicine & Life Sciences 67%
Thermometers Medicine & Life Sciences 13%
Climate Medicine & Life Sciences 11%
Carbon Dioxide Medicine & Life Sciences 10%
Uncertainty Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Gases Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Resplandy, L., Keeling, R. F., Eddebbar, Y., Brooks, M., Wang, R., Bopp, L., Long, M. C., Dunne, J. P., Koeve, W., & Oschlies, A. (2019). Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition. Scientific reports, 9(1), [20244]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56490-z
Resplandy, L. ; Keeling, R. F. ; Eddebbar, Y. ; Brooks, M. ; Wang, R. ; Bopp, L. ; Long, M. C. ; Dunne, J. P. ; Koeve, W. ; Oschlies, A. / Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition. In: Scientific reports. 2019 ; Vol. 9, No. 1.
@article{205cdf869081468d8cbe3b172f5a497d,
title = "Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition",
abstract = "The ocean is the main source of thermal inertia in the climate system. Ocean heat uptake during recent decades has been quantified using ocean temperature measurements. However, these estimates all use the same imperfect ocean dataset and share additional uncertainty due to sparse coverage, especially before 2007. Here, we provide an independent estimate by using measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) – levels of which increase as the ocean warms and releases gases – as a whole ocean thermometer. We show that the ocean gained 1.29 ± 0.79 × 1022 Joules of heat per year between 1991 and 2016, equivalent to a planetary energy imbalance of 0.80 ± 0.49 W watts per square metre of Earth{\textquoteright}s surface. We also find that the ocean-warming effect that led to the outgassing of O2 and CO2 can be isolated from the direct effects of anthropogenic emissions and CO2 sinks. Our result – which relies on high-precision O2 atmospheric measurements dating back to 1991 – leverages an integrative Earth system approach and provides much needed independent confirmation of heat uptake estimated from ocean data.",
author = "L. Resplandy and Keeling, {R. F.} and Y. Eddebbar and M. Brooks and R. Wang and L. Bopp and Long, {M. C.} and Dunne, {J. P.} and W. Koeve and A. Oschlies",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Mike Winton and eight anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions. L.R. gratefully acknowledges support of the Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant NA13OAR4310219 and the Princeton Environmental Institute. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We also thank the people maintaining the APO time-series at Scripps andoping th the groups devele models CESM, GFDL, IPSL and UViC used in this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",
Resplandy, L, Keeling, RF, Eddebbar, Y, Brooks, M, Wang, R, Bopp, L, Long, MC, Dunne, JP, Koeve, W & Oschlies, A 2019, 'Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition', Scientific reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 20244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56490-z
Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition. / Resplandy, L.; Keeling, R. F.; Eddebbar, Y.; Brooks, M.; Wang, R.; Bopp, L.; Long, M. C.; Dunne, J. P.; Koeve, W.; Oschlies, A.
In: Scientific reports, Vol. 9, No. 1, 20244, 01.12.2019.
T1 - Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition
AU - Resplandy, L.
AU - Keeling, R. F.
AU - Eddebbar, Y.
AU - Brooks, M.
AU - Wang, R.
AU - Bopp, L.
AU - Long, M. C.
AU - Dunne, J. P.
AU - Koeve, W.
AU - Oschlies, A.
N1 - Funding Information: We thank Mike Winton and eight anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions. L.R. gratefully acknowledges support of the Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant NA13OAR4310219 and the Princeton Environmental Institute. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We also thank the people maintaining the APO time-series at Scripps andoping th the groups devele models CESM, GFDL, IPSL and UViC used in this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, The Author(s).
N2 - The ocean is the main source of thermal inertia in the climate system. Ocean heat uptake during recent decades has been quantified using ocean temperature measurements. However, these estimates all use the same imperfect ocean dataset and share additional uncertainty due to sparse coverage, especially before 2007. Here, we provide an independent estimate by using measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) – levels of which increase as the ocean warms and releases gases – as a whole ocean thermometer. We show that the ocean gained 1.29 ± 0.79 × 1022 Joules of heat per year between 1991 and 2016, equivalent to a planetary energy imbalance of 0.80 ± 0.49 W watts per square metre of Earth's surface. We also find that the ocean-warming effect that led to the outgassing of O2 and CO2 can be isolated from the direct effects of anthropogenic emissions and CO2 sinks. Our result – which relies on high-precision O2 atmospheric measurements dating back to 1991 – leverages an integrative Earth system approach and provides much needed independent confirmation of heat uptake estimated from ocean data.
AB - The ocean is the main source of thermal inertia in the climate system. Ocean heat uptake during recent decades has been quantified using ocean temperature measurements. However, these estimates all use the same imperfect ocean dataset and share additional uncertainty due to sparse coverage, especially before 2007. Here, we provide an independent estimate by using measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) – levels of which increase as the ocean warms and releases gases – as a whole ocean thermometer. We show that the ocean gained 1.29 ± 0.79 × 1022 Joules of heat per year between 1991 and 2016, equivalent to a planetary energy imbalance of 0.80 ± 0.49 W watts per square metre of Earth's surface. We also find that the ocean-warming effect that led to the outgassing of O2 and CO2 can be isolated from the direct effects of anthropogenic emissions and CO2 sinks. Our result – which relies on high-precision O2 atmospheric measurements dating back to 1991 – leverages an integrative Earth system approach and provides much needed independent confirmation of heat uptake estimated from ocean data.
Resplandy L, Keeling RF, Eddebbar Y, Brooks M, Wang R, Bopp L et al. Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition. Scientific reports. 2019 Dec 1;9(1). 20244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56490-z


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Wineries and Social Media, an Interview with Charley May
Interviewer: Tim Martin, December 2013. Episode #6 from the NET:101 podcast.
Podcast Transcript
TIM: Hello, and with me today I have Charley May, who is the Communicators Manager for Fowles Wine. Charley, welcome.
CHARLEY: Thank you very much. It's good to be here.
TIM: So tell us a little bit about Fowles Wine.
CHARLEY: Okay, Fowles Wine is a family boutique winery located in the Strathbogie Ranges. And for those who don't know, the Strathbogies is about an hour and a half northeast of Melbourne. The region's been established for about 40 years as a wine region, and we're probably one of the most prominent growers in that area.
So me, my role, I manage all the communications across print, finished goods, and also digital platforms as well.
TIM: A dogsbody.
CHARLEY: Yeah, you can call it that. Very busy is another word for it. (laughs)
TIM: Within the responsibility of a modern communications manager is online and social media, and that's really what I want to be talking to you today mostly about. So you've got a number of brands. It's not just Fowles Wine, is it?
CHARLEY: Yeah, Fowles Wine is the winery, and within I guess Fowles Wine, there are six core wine brands, and they sit under three umbrella groups. They are flagship, regional, and food wines.
Within our food wines, which are the slightly unusual and quirky brands, are Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch and Are You Game?, which are the world's first wines to be blended for wild game meat and also to encourage a bit more thought around food provenance.
TIM: Ah, Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch. Gosh. I've tried the wine; fantastic. The Chardonnay and the Shiraz, I tried the other day. But I also went to an event a couple weeks ago in the Botanical Gardens. Fantastic. I couldn't help but think what a fantastic, fresh branding angle for a wine. Also a little bit daring, too, Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch. What was the story behind that?
CHARLEY: I guess it was really about bringing together two pretty quirky and fun brands, ourselves and Reid Cycles as well. It was really I guess engaging a different audience for us, anyway, reaching into lifestyle blogging space. So we wanted to do that.
We created an event which basically encouraged people to dress up in tweed, the traditional hunting clothing of choice, and then take a bike from Reid Cycles, ride along the area, and join up for a bit of a party in the park afterwards, where everyone could taste our wines and get a feel and have a bit of a close look at the bikes as well.
So yeah, it was just I guess about bringing people together to enjoy wine and bicycling, which goes kind of nicely together.
TIM: Yeah, absolutely. There's a really solid story behind Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch, and I remember thinking what a fantastic opportunity in a social media context to be able to tell strands of that story through the different social media platforms, the visual element and so forth.
Do you find you've got a huge advantage because you've got such an interesting, quirky set of stories to tell around the brand?
CHARLEY: Yeah, I think we do have an advantage. As I said, there's no one out there who's blended a wine to go with wild game meat, so it does set us apart and it lends itself to embracing some of the old school glamour and elegance and refinement in that wine, which kind of translates across to what we do in terms of the branding and the events we run.
We very much focus on exploring wild food and capturing wild food and enjoying it with the wines through events. And we can come up with great visual content, whether it be a video showcasing people going up to the Strathbogie Ranges and learning how to fly fish or clay target shoot, or getting people to share their images dressed up in tweed on Instagram as well.
People just want to get involved, and if they want to explore those elements of real food and hunting, we're giving them lots of avenues to do that and also to share them on social media.
TIM: It's really made content, content that's I guess more than the standard bottle shot or somebody crushing grapes in a winery. There's actually a story around the brand. I'm actually [inaudible 00:04:41] myself, as you well know. I still see a lot of wineries doing the traditional social media stuff, which are the bottle shots. I mean, there's nothing wrong with a bottle shot or somebody in the vineyard, but it's not really – I don't know, it's not really contagious. It's not something people would get excited about and want to share.
CHARLEY: Yeah. It's kind of wacky, isn't it, seeing someone dress up in tweed blowing a hunting horn on a bicycle? It's kind of a bit unusual, and people either love it and want to share it or they go away from it. But in our experience, people just seem to – yeah, they get really fired up by it and enjoy doing that kind of thing.
And there is obviously a story behind it, Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch, the brainchild of Matt Fowles, who is a responsible hunter and has been doing it all his life, and he really wanted a wine to go with game meat. So Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch were born. And the way we actually make the wine is a little bit different to match the textural qualities of the meat.
That's I guess the principles behind Ladies, and then it lent itself to all these different ways of engaging people in the brand, whether it be through the food and wine matching or some of the events that we run. But yeah, there is definitely a real genuine story behind it, and we love it, because it's a really fun brand to work with.
TIM: Yeah, I can imagine. Yes, a genuine story. You could almost imagine a winery thinking about launching a new brand that, trying to play to their advantage on social media, might want to create a brand that has that natural quirkiness that just resonates so beautifully through social. I mean, you didn't; it was the other way around.
CHARLEY: Yeah.
TIM: But gosh, what an opportunity to think "We really want to tap into social and make that a major part of our communications mix. If we're going to do that successfully, we've got to come up with something that's a little bit different."
CHARLEY: And we have done that, and it has worked very, very well. And we continue to explore it; we launched a new winery called Are You Game? as well, which is kind of like a complementary range to Ladies. Again, really daring; we're asking the consumer to pick up a bottle of wine that has a game animal on the front label and some text about where it's from and really think about "Okay, where does my food come from and how am I going to enjoy that with a bottle of wine?"
Again, it seems to have gone down exceptionally well because we're genuinely passionate about sustainable food and enjoying it with great wine as well, and so far we've received hardly any negative feedback and people I think are getting what we're trying to do and the message we're trying to advocate.
TIM: As the communications manager, it's not just Fowles Wine and Ladies Who Shoot; you said there's a stable of six. Does that mean you've got to do six times the work to get prominence for each brand online?
CHARLEY: No, not really. We manage I guess the brand in two channels. The five other brands, they are managed through the Fowles Wine channels on Facebook and Twitter.
And then with Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch, because it does have a different personality to the other brands, we decided to set up its own Facebook and Twitter channels so that we can be a little bit more creative and a bit more quirky, but still keep on site those people who want to explore wine in a more traditional way through our other channels as well.
TIM: Okay. You said Facebook, Twitter, what other channels?
CHARLEY: We're active in Instagram and YouTube as well. We actually decided to I guess be active in all those channels. Facebook, Twitter, massive social media platforms.
Facebook especially, I think they get something like a billion visits to the site a month, so just the sheer scale and the potential of the audience was really attractive to us. There are all these customers and consumers and people who want to get engaged on the brand on those platforms.
Twitter, great channel for engaging people in the here and now, so we use it especially for time-sensitive information, say news items, last-minute events, awards that we might've just won.
Instagram, people love sharing photos of themselves doing cool things, like enjoying bottles of wine and exploring places. So we wanted to get active in that space as well.
And YouTube, we're just starting to ramp up our video content, so it made sense for us to get a channel going on there as well.
TIM: Might come back to YouTube in a second. The event that I went to recently with Ladies Who Shoot Their Lunch, I was impressed you had prominently positioned the hashtag on the table that we all were greeted at and given our wine from, the idea being that we're on the ground, we're creating content, we're uploading images, we're tweeting, but you told us what the hashtag to use was, which I thought was pretty smart.
CHARLEY: Yeah, when we were scoping out the event with Reid Cycles, I had a little research onto hashtags and the ones that were available, and #wildpicnic was available. It summed up what we wanted to do, so we decided to lock down that hashtag and to basically promote it through all our online and print promotional material with a really strong message to everyone we got in touch with to use it, because there was a clear benefit.
We were actually going to award someone, and we did run a competition for the best social photo with a case of wine, and that actually really encouraged people to share their content.
But I don't think it was just the competition; the actual setup of the event, so all the cool vintage gear that we had, the beautiful day that we were lucky enough to get in Melbourne, the actual physical location just lended itself to taking great photos, and people just organically wanted to take photos of themselves and share them with their friends and use our hashtag, which was great.
But I think for anyone wanting to do that kind of thing in the future, in the pre-publicity and afterwards in the post-publicity, just keep the hashtag prominent and consistently remind people to use it so that you don't forget about it and it just becomes second nature.
TIM: Yes. You ran a competition with it; that was also a chance to I guess flesh out your visual media that you hadn't seen before. Were you able to repurpose or recycle those images that you pulled around the hashtag?
CHARLEY: Yeah, we did actually. I think it was you, Tim, that very kindly sent me this app called Tagboard which was really quite cool. I used it to basically summarize the event in photos and promoted it again through Twitter and Facebook and Instagram as well. So yeah, we could use those images again, but I thought it might be better just to get them all together, and Tagboard was a great piece of software that allowed us to do that.
TIM: Is Pinterest on your radar at all?
CHARLEY: It is, but again, because there's one of me, and again, it's thinking about content and how to use it across a different platform where people are looking for very different things and the presentation of it is really different, I think I'm just going to have to have a think about if we do want to do it and if we've got the time and resource to invest in it.
Because at the moment, our other platforms are enough for me to handle, and we are continuing to grow our audience on those platforms. So yeah, for me, sometimes less is more.
TIM: Come on, one more monkey on your shoulders isn't going to be too much of a burden, is it?
CHARLEY: (laughs) Yeah, we'll see. In the new year we might have to reassess that, but at the moment I'm pretty happy with the channels that we're operating across.
TIM: Fair enough. Let's go back to YouTube. You said that was something that you were going to do more of in the future. What's your thinking around that?
CHARLEY: Yeah, video content, I think it's very interesting, and if you do it well, people do want to share it. We've done three videos already; I'd like to do another one for our Flagship event, so that again we can document what's going on. Because as I said, fly fishing and butchering game is quite random and quirky, and it's also a great way of educating people about how to enjoy wild food.
We're looking at doing another video for the Ladies story. We might do some more about the Fowles Wine story and the Fowles family and some vintage videos as well, just to show people the excitement about what goes on at the winery when all the action happens during vintage.
But I do think it's great to be able to have video content, because it's a really rich way of showing people what's happening and what you're doing. Pictures can tell a story, but actually having video as well just adds a richness that text and pictures can't do.
TIM: You and I were talking, before we got this podcast started, of the importance of getting the core right: the website.
TIM: Music to my ears when somebody talks along those lines. You put obviously quite a bit of time and effort into making sure the Fowles website is looking good – not just looking good, but performing the way it should. But what's a well-performing website for you?
CHARLEY: Just to give you a bit of history on it, we launched our new mobile-optimized website in the beginning of the year. Prior to that, we had a quite outdated one, and the content management system wasn't very intuitive. Most importantly, the e-commerce platform was quite sketchy.
On our new website, it really has just changed my world, because I have confidence in it. The content management system is easy, you can embed things, it's really easy to navigate and upload content really quickly, and the e-commerce platform is rock solid. So I don't have that fear when I'm trying to drive people to maybe consider sales or to go to our website to look at YouTube videos that I've embedded; the website works brilliantly.
I guess my advice to anyone that is wanting to enter this sphere is that if you get your website right, then start focusing on the channels that you can get people to the website through social media. But yeah, it's been a labor of love for me, and I'm very happy with the website at the moment. But it's a continual evolution, so there are new projects on the horizon as well.
TIM: You run Google Analytics; do you spend a bit of time analyzing the numbers?
CHARLEY: Yeah, I do. It's good to know that visitation has grown since we've launched the website. I did a comparison about what we were doing prior to the launch and what we've been doing now, and there has been growth, so that's great.
Bounce rate has gone down as well, which I'm taking as a bit of an indication that the content is more relevant and that people can actually access what they want. A lot to do with the design and user experience.
The other thing which is really interesting about Google Analytics is looking at referral traffic. When it comes to social media, Facebook, desktop and mobile are #1 and #2 referrers, and Twitter is sitting at #3. It really is an indication that social is important for us in driving people back to our website to take more of a look and possibly purchase, hopefully, some wines, or come along to one of our events.
TIM: Yeah. Of course, the website's the perfect conversion funnel in terms of those calls to action. Oftentimes I refer to the website as being Rome, and that all roads lead to Rome.
It amazes me that I see some organizations putting a lot of time and effort into making sure their peripheral properties, their social media presence, is looking pretty schmick, but when you get back to the middle, the website's rubbish or it's not clear as to what we're supposed to do when we land or it's looking a little bit outdated, very 2008 or whatever.
How do you work out what you're going to do? There's lots of opportunities out there – social is huge, we've got the website, we've got e-commerce, we've got search engine optimization. Are you in that mode of experimenting and fumbling your way through, or is there a little more rigor around which direction you go in?
CHARLEY: I'll be honest with you; there is sometimes a bit of experimentation, but for us, I've been investing a lot of energy in making sure that the website is good and rock solid.
The other area is new subscriptions, so really working on building up our own database of wine club members, but also people who just want to be kept in the loop about the news. Because we do experience good conversion rates from people who sign up as e-news people and then go "Oh, actually, these guys are doing some good stuff. Maybe I'll sign up as a wine club member as well." Which is great for us.
So for us, I think website, building up a database, constantly looking at our social media and working out ways that we can funnel people back to the website through core content or great news or events or product launches, and using those channels to just, as you say, funnel everyone back to the core.
TIM: Now, I've got some very strong views on this, but I don't want to put words into your mouth. One email address, in terms of somebody that's genuinely interested in what you guys do, against a Facebook like; how do they compare?
CHARLEY: I think an email address is probably more valuable, because you can reach them through e-news, and I do think there's higher conversion from e-news and contacting them through EDMs than there is getting a Facebook like. It's really easy to like a page and then do nothing with it, whereas if you've got someone's email address, you've got multiple chances to try and convince them to engage with your brand and hopefully sign on as a customer as well.
TIM: That makes a lot of sense. Facebook changed the rules a little while back in terms of competition, so you don't need to use a third party app now, but obviously there are advantages to using a third party app which would capture the email address.
TIM: So that makes a lot of sense. You get two birds with one stone, to engage in some way on Facebook, but there's that email address, right?
CHARLEY: Yeah, you get to – and those applications are great. You can "like gate" a competition so people have to like your page and then enter an email address, and as you said, you've hit two birds with one stone.
To date, we actually have run competitions in that way. It's something in the new year that I will definitely look at implementing, so getting third party apps that we can do that kind of data capture with as well. Because it does make sense. Also, a lot of the apps knocking around actually look pretty as well, and it can look a little bit messy sometimes if you're just running a competition direct off your post.
Saying that, though, to date, we have run numerous competitions in that way, so just straight off the Facebook page, not using third party apps, and we get amazing response rates. The last experience we had of that was getting an audience of our best Facebook followers along to the launch of our first ever Ladies pinot noir.
So we sourced about 50 people off Facebook, and it was great actually being there to take those fans from the virtual world and meet them in the real world. And after that, many of them signed up to be wine club members because we'd given them a great experience.
Look, there are different ways of skinning the cat, but yeah, new year, looking at some third party apps.
TIM: Why do more people not extend that online experience into the offline? It seems like the logical thing to do, but I get the impression that many people consider Facebook a community to be an end in itself. I'm thinking, what a perfect opportunity to invite them to an event, something special, get to meet them, close that loop, and of course deepen that relationship.
CHARLEY: Yeah. We're all human, after all. We're not little bots that knock about the internet. We still, I think, want real experiences where we can taste and meet the people behind the wine. Social is a great way of connecting with people in the virtual world, but yeah, it's really about taking those people and giving them a real-world experience as well. I think that's what people want. You can't just expect people to continue to like you in the virtual world; it's just not tenable. People need real things.
TIM: I agree, I agree. Have you paid for any social elements? Like for example on Facebook, have you boosted a post?
CHARLEY: Yeah, we do actually boost posts. I guess because we are a boutique wine brand, I'm trying to create that same sort of feeling and philosophy with social media. So when we do page boosts, we only ever target people who like the page already and their friends, because we already have an engaged audience; it's pretty likely that those people who like our page, their friends are going to share similar interests, and we want them to find out through friends rather than just blanket target.
There's notable differences when you do boost a post. Likes go up, page likes go up, and engagement goes up as well. So we have trialed that. I'll be doing more of it next year for sure.
TIM: So a budget allocation for paid social?
TIM: So every time you want to boost a post, you don't have to go and ask the boss for $20 bucks or something?
CHARLEY: No, he's very proactive on that front, which is great, and will only become more so, I think, in the future. The last financial year, we put aside some money for Facebook promotions, and we'll be looking at doing more, I hope, in the future as well.
We have kind of dropped back on our print advertising and promotional spend and have been focusing more on digital. So using people like Time Out and their EDMs, advertising on them, and RACV, and also using our own Facebook page boosts as well. I really have noticed a different in terms of engagement.
And also you can monitor that through using link shorteners, so you can see who is clicking on your link and how much resonance that is having, which is also really useful just in terms of metrics, to see how you're going.
TIM: And also it boosts your case and it makes it easier to say "Look, this is what we've done with X spend. We could potentially double or triple it if we put some extra money towards it." How do you keep up to speed with things? Do you read books, go to conferences? I mean, you've obviously been to one of my courses; great, thank you.
TIM: But generally speaking, how do you keep up to speed?
CHARLEY: Yeah, I do keep up to date with – I think We Are Social is one of the websites I check into, and Mashable, which always has great articles about what's happening in the social space. The honest truth is, it's moving so quickly that sometimes it is a bit difficult to keep up-to-date with it.
And that's going back to "Do I want to get involved in Pinterest?" as well, because it's just another thing you actually have to keep up-to-date with in terms of the way the application works itself, but also some of the regulations and how you're actually allowed to use that platform.
So it's constant work keeping on top of it, but I think at the moment we do a pretty good job of it.
TIM: Do you have any industry peers? Do you have friends in the space that you're able to reach out to and compare notes and swap war stories?
CHARLEY: There are a couple of people, definitely. But I think – it's funny, I've found that people who are operating in social media sometimes want to keep their cards close to their chest as well because it is so difficult to keep up-to-date with everything that's going on. And sometimes, I'll be honest, I think there is a little bit of "Well, I think I know what I'm doing, but I don't really, and I don't really want to reveal that to anyone else."
Especially for small businesses like us, when you're operating at the big end of town, it's literally some people's job, or it's a team's job, to manage social media, and they'll have people across the actual content, design, compliance. In small businesses, you actually have to do most of that yourself.
TIM: Yeah. And content, I would imagine, would be one of your biggest struggles. I mean, you've got these hungry animals waiting to be fed; what are you going to drive through them? Who's going to work out that video or those images or whatever?
CHARLEY: Yeah, me, and the small marketing team that we have. Yeah, we work on generating lots of different kind of content, so blog posts, photos, videos, that kind of stuff. At the macro level, we obviously have an annual marketing plan, and then from there we can map out the events that are happening, the product launches, and look at it lower down on a more granular level when we're actually at that point in the calendar, and then work out how we're going to push that and promote that on social media.
And then week to week, have a look at the week ahead and think, "Right, okay, this is happening in the calendar; let's have a look. What are we going to do? When are we going to post?"
TIM: So you've got a system or a process happening.
CHARLEY: Little bit of a system going on there.
TIM: That certainly helps, doesn't it?
TIM: What would your general advice be? Somebody who's working within a winery, cellar door, thinking about launching a new brand – you've been through a few of the loops, a few of the ins and outs experimenting with different platforms. In summary, what would be some good advice you could pass on?
CHARLEY: For launching a brand, I guess different skill set, but if we're talking about promoting a brand, as I said before, it's all about the website. Because ultimately, if you've spent all this time and resource coming up with a great new brand, you want something that you can profile it and it'll look beautiful online and that it's seamless for customers to come onboard and to buy it.
So invest energy in a website and spend the money there, and then take your time just thinking about what social media platforms you want to be on. You don't have to be on everything; have a think about what's really going to work for you. Even if it's only one or two, if you're a small winery, invest your energy in doing two platforms really well rather than spreading yourself all over the shop, because it's just not going to work.
TIM: What about expectations? If I were to jump into social as a new brand, can I expect an immediate boost in sales? Is it going to really drive a lot of traffic to my cellar door? What timeframe can I expect some sort of return?
CHARLEY: Well, it's funny because social media was never really set up as a sales platform, so you're not going to see sales straightaway. Social should, I think anyway, first and foremost be used to build a community and to engage with them on the things that they actually want first and foremost, which is fun stuff. Things that make them laugh, things that make them look more interesting or cool or whatever it is, so that they build trust with you before you drop in the slightly sales-y pitches as well.
I think you've got to be really careful on social media, because you see some brands do it and it's literally sell, sell, sell, and people can smell that a mile off. They don't want to be involved in that kind of thing. They're happy to have a few sales pitches thrown at them as long as you've mixed it up with some other cool stuff that they really get.
So yeah, just be careful if you're starting out and you think it's going to be, "Great, I'm going to make all my money in sales through social," because it just won't happen like that.
TIM: I think you're right, I think you're right. It's amazing to see some big brands –
CHARLEY: Yeah, big brands do it.
TIM: Well-known brands, asking for favors or asking people to mobilize or do something that will help the brand. I'm thinking, what have you done for them? You've got no credit in the bank account to draw down on initially. You've got to put some goodwill in there first.
That's been great, Charley. Some really good insights. Obviously, this was about the wine space and being a winery and having a wine label, but I can't really think of anything that you've said today that doesn't carry across virtually any industry, regardless of what that may be. Some fundamental good stuff.
Can you let listeners know where to find you guys?
CHARLEY: Yep, sure. Online, just go to fowleswine.com and you can get everything there. It's all integrated with social as well, so you can access our social media platforms there too.
TIM: Nice. And if I want to go and buy some of your lovely wine?
CHARLEY: Again, just jump on fowleswine.com. We do obviously do direct consumer sales through the website, but if you don't want to do that, you can find us at lots of independent stores across Australia and also some of our brands are stocked in Dan Murphy's as well. So yeah, we have quite a good footprint across Australia if you're interested in tasting our wines.
TIM: Good. And you should be; they're great wines.
CHARLEY: Thank you.
TIM: Charley, thanks for coming. And listeners, we'll see you again next episode. Ciao.
CHARLEY: Cool, thank you.
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A method to match and graphically reproduce natural and man-made surfaces directly onto a solid surface, with startling vivid and precise results.
Utilizing high-resolution raster images provided to us, we can print large format images up to 6'x12' in size.
We can also post-thermoform the printed surface to create curved and contoured applications.
Striking and exquisitely detailed surfaceMATCH™ panels in either interior or exterior locations.


As a way to encourage the believers in Corinth to be generous Paul starts to brag on their neighbouring churches in the province of Macedonia. Churches he planted on his second big missionary journey: Philippi, Thessalonica and Berea. The Macedonian communities of faith assisting people they do not know in churches they had never been too located in their natural enemy state of Greece. Maybe today akin would be Palestinian believers giving money to help Israeli believer.
But what makes this all the more remarkable is that this giving is done out of "extreme poverty". The phrase is literally "down-to-the-depth poverty" (he kata bathous ptocheia; v. 2)--or, as Philip Hughes translates, "rock bottom" poverty.
I have never been "rock bottom" and often I am anything but generous. And I cannot remember ever "begging" for permission to give but that is where these churches were at.
They didn't need the money to buy a new new PA, a new building, a new coffee machine, the latest worship CD, they needed the money to exist but they gave and gave and gave.
The key is found in v 5 - they gave themselves first to the Lord.
When we get that right everything else fits into place.


The crash occurred on Georgia Highway 115 west close to Habersham Mills Road, per a Habersham County Emergency Services news release.
A Kia Optima was going west on the wrong side of the roadway, which resulted in a head on collision with a Chevy, according to the Georgia State Patrol. Per witnesses on the scene, they have indicated to the Georgia State Patrol that a Kia passed another car on a double yellow line on Georgia 115 and kept going the wrong way. Blaine Weaver, the Kia driver, aged twenty nine, from Demorest, was severely injured in the crash.
The driver of the Chevy, Deborah Cook, aged fifty six, from Cornelia, Georgia, sustained injuries but they were not life threatening.
One of the drivers required a window in the rear of the car to be broken so emergency personnel could extricate him or her, per the Habersham EMS release. It took nearly forty five minutes to remove the other driver given the extent of the wreckage and associated injuries. One of the drivers was airlifted to an area hospital for treatment. The other driver was transported by ambulance to a local hospital.
The Georgia State Patrol is conducting an investigation into the incident. Charges are pending, GSP said.


text:
The Awakening Storm: A Graphic Novel (City of Dragons #1) (Paperback)
By Jaimal Yogis, Vivian Truong (Illustrator)
(GRAPHIC NOVELS/COMPUTERS/JOKES)
Grace and her friends must protect a newly hatched dragon from mysterious evildoers.
When Grace moves to Hong Kong with her mom and new stepdad, her biggest concern is making friends at her fancy new boarding school. But when a mysterious old woman gifts her a dragon egg during a field trip, Grace discovers that the wonderful stories of dragons she heard when she was a young girl might actually be real--especially when the egg hatches overnight.
The dragon has immense powers that Grace has yet to understand. And that puts them both in danger from mysterious forces intent on abusing the dragon's power. And now it's up to Grace and her school friends to uncover the sinister plot threatening the entire city!
Vivian Truong is a comic artist who has created artwork for Riot Games, miHoYo, Rebellion, and more. Her work includes the Punches and Plants webcomic series for the popular MOBA game League of Legends. She also works as a storyboard artist for game studios, a digital production studio, and a children's book publisher. She currently lives in London.
Jaimal Yogis is the author of Saltwater Buddha, The Fear Project, All Our Waves Are Water, and the children's book series Mop Rides the Waves of Life and Mop Rides the Waves of Change. His writing has also appeared in The Atlantic, ESPN Magazine, and The Washington Post. He lives in San Francisco.
Publisher: Graphix
Publication Date: September 21st, 2021
Juvenile Fiction / Comics & Graphic Novels / Fantasy
Juvenile Fiction / Comics & Graphic Novels / Action & Adventure
Juvenile Fiction / Comics & Graphic Novels
Kobo eBook (September 20th, 2021): $7.99


Sunday Worship at 10:30am. Sunday School at 9:30am. Bible Study/Prayer Mtg, Wednesday at 6:00pm.
The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church established a mission in Portland, Maine in 1891, after a number of the city's African-American residents petitioned Bishop J. W. Hood to send them a missionary.


text:
Гамза-хан Пусиян (, ; ум. 1915) — генерал-майор персидской армии. Известен также под именем Сардар Пусиян.

Биография
Гамза-хан родился в азербайджанской семье в городе Тебризе  (Иранский Азербайджан) и был третьим сыном Мехти Кули-хана Пусияна. Получив там же начальное образование, поступил в военное училище. Карьеру Гамза-хан начал как наиб (лейтенант) Персидской казачьей бригады (ПКБ). В 20-летнем возрасте был произведён в сарваны (капитан).

В 1880 году Гамза-хан произведён в серхенг (полковники) и находился в Хамадане по 1882 год.

В 1908 году в Тебризе началось восстание против власти шаха. Персидская казачья бригада сыграла значительную роль в иранской Конституционной революции. Казачья бригада под командованием полковника Ляхова стала главной вооружённой силой шаха. Русское правительство, позабыв об осторожности, всё дальше шло по пути вооружённой интервенции. 24 июня 1908 году с помощью персидских казаков и с согласия русского и английского правительств шах разогнал меджлис, здание которого обстреляла артиллерия Персидской казачьей бригады.  В апреле 1909 года, после ряда провокаций со стороны английской и российской миссий из Джульфы российские войска выступили в направлении Тебриза. Город был оставлен шахскими войсками, а федаи разоружены.

Гамза-хан умер в старом возрасте 3 февраля 1915 года в городе Тебризе,, где и был похоронен.

Гамза-хан был женат на Гаджиййе-ханум. У Гамза-хана был сын Али Кули-хан.

Гамза-хан был дядей Мухаммед Таги-хан Пусияна.

См. также
 Мухаммед Таги-хан Пусиян
 Персидская казачья дивизия

Литература
 Ənvər Çingizoğlu. Püsyan eli, : «Mütərcim», 2013. S. 156. ISBN 978-9952-28-121-7

Ссылки

История Ирана
Генерал-майоры (Иран)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Number of subsets with $n-k$ elements containing at least one of a given set of subsets with $k$ elements I would like to prove the following statement:
Let $E$ be a set with $n$ elements, and let $k$ be an integer such that $1\leq k<n-k$. Let $r\leq\binom{n}{k}$ and $\mathcal{A}$ be a set of $r$ subsets of $E$ with $k$ elements. Then the number of subsets of $E$ with $n-k$ elements which contain (as a subset) at least one element of $\mathcal{A}$ is $\geq r$.
At the moment, I have no idea. Straightforward induction doesn't seem to be the right way here. I'd be glad for any kind of help.

A: There are exactly $w=\binom{n-k}{n-2k}=\binom{n-k}{k}$ ways to extend a $k$ set to a $n-k$-set. But there also exactly this number of $k$-sets contained in a $n-k$-set.
Therefore, the sets in $A$ give rise to $r\cdot w$ admissible $(n-k)$-sets where each set has been counted at most $w$ times, so there are at least $r$ of them.
(Note that the $k$-sets and $(n-k)$-sets together with the inclusion property form a bipartite $w$-regular graph which is a standard exercice for the condition of the marriage theorem.)

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Welcome to SingleBoxing Version 2.0!
The site has been up for a while but I haven't been doing a lot of blogging here. I recently decided to do a relaunch. It will still cover my adventures in World of Warcraft but I have some other things I want to cover as well so I thought this would be a good place to write about them.
Single Boxing is your source for Gaming News and Commentary.
This site is running the TXP Starter Blog Theme by TXPTALK. You can grab yourself a free copy over at Github and use it whereever you want. You are free to give credits and set a link to txptalk.com or just leave this out.
You can edit this text within the txp-starter-theme-credits form.


text:
Home Education Flagship Tory education plan 'likely to be derailed by election failure
Flagship Tory education plan 'likely to be derailed by election failure
January 4, 2019 | by	Rohit Shetty |
Theresa May's plan to open new grammar colleges across the UK is not going to be implemented after she did not relax a parliamentary majority, a senior Conservative backbencher has counseled.
Graham Brady, who chairs the influential 1922 Committee of Tory backbenchers and is a prominent campaigner for more grammar colleges, said his party can be pressured to settle for introducing an "alternatively modest pilot" in an area of its manifesto pledge to "raise the barn at the establishment of selective colleges".
A Prescription For the fitness Care disaster
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It follows a general election end result that saw Ms. May fall 8 seats brief of a House of Commons majority, meaning she may be pressured to rely upon the assist of the DUP's ten MPs in an effort to skip legislation.
That raises the chance of all proposed laws being cautiously taken into consideration to make sure they will be desirable to both the Northern Irish birthday party and to Conservative backbenchers. Even a small revolt ought to see the Government lose essential votes.
"There's no point in sailing in advance with gadgets that have been within the manifesto which we won't get thru Parliament, so we're going to have to paintings very cautiously", Mr. Brady advised the BBC's Sunday Politics. "No doubt it will likely be a slimmed down Queen's Speech and we ought to concentrate on the matters that definitely ought to be achieved.
"I would be disenchanted if we couldn't make any development on permitting human beings to have the selection of grammar schools however fact asserts itself. If we can't get things through Parliament, we don't do them.
"I hope we won't forestall altogether however genuinely we are going to need to trim our rules cautiously in line with what we assume Parliament will guide."
He said a "rather modest" pilot that would see a few grammar faculties opened in internal city regions will be all this is workable on one of the Conservatives' flagship training guidelines.
Despite the considerable complaint, Ms. May has been vocal in expressing her choice to increase the range of grammar schools.
Nick Timothy, one of the Prime Minister's former chiefs of a body of workers, had been pronounced to be the principle architect of her grammar schools policy. Mr. Timothy resigned after the election amid sturdy complaint of his position within the campaign. He had overseen the Conservatives policy program, which covered controversial plans to pressure elderly people to cool the value of their social care.
In feedback that could have been unthinkable just days ago, Mr. Brady additionally cautioned the Prime Minister ought to are seeking for to be greater like Jeremy Corbyn, pronouncing the Labour leader had supplied himself in an "avuncular" manner. The Prime Minister have to comply with his lead and "relax into communicating with the electorate", the 1922 Committee chairman stated.
It's something she does thoroughly in individual – increasingly so in view that she had become Prime Minister – but that wasn't discovering inside the marketing campaign", he brought.
"We need to see miles greater open and inclusive approach within government and within Parliament as well. That's now not just an applicable outcome…it's an absolute necessity in those situations
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China is well known for its global cyber espionage efforts. And while the United States has received most of the media attention given to cyber attacks, we are not the only ones dealing with this issue. India is now pointing the finger at China, claiming they have systematically launched a series of attacks on sensitive information systems and networks of Indian agencies. India rapidly responded and now has cyber-security forces down to the division-level to guard against cyber wars. But is that really enough given China's stated ambitions?
China's Cyber Warfare Doctrine is designed to achieve global "electronic dominance" by 2050 which would include the capability of disruption of the information infrastructure of their enemies. This doctrine includes strategies that would disrupt financial markets, military and civilian communications capabilities as well as other parts of the enemy's critical infrastructure prior to the initiation of traditional military operations. With all the attacks that have been attributed to China, there has to be significant intelligence out there about techniques, cyber weapons and strategies that have been used in these cyber assaults. The proliferation of China's cyber capabilities will be the topic of a Congressional hearing in DC on May 20th. This hearing will examine "China's Proliferation Practices and the Development of its Cyber and Space Warfare Capabilities."
Military and intelligence sources have known that Chinese cyber forces have developed these detailed plans for cyber attacks against the United States and others. It is believed that the plans for such an attack were drawn under the direction of the People's Liberation Army (PLA).
China has a significant cyber weapons and intelligence infrastructure in place today. What is alarming is not only do they have the intent, but they have the money. Beijing has the world's second or third largest defense budget depending on where you look for the numbers. Their military budget has been on the rise at 10 percent or more a year for over a decade. This, as well as the attacks, are evidenced by their cyber operational ability to scan, acquire nodes for their growing botnet as well as the continued sophisticated assaults on defense information systems in the US, Germany, UK and India. In addition, in April 2007, Sami Saydjari, who has worked on cyber defense systems for the Pentagon since the 1980s, told Congress: "The situation is grave, with nation-states such as China developing serious offensive capabilities."
Recent attacks on the United States and India have brought this threat to the forefront. While diplomatic efforts to address these attacks have been initiated, virtually no progress has been made, according to individuals close to the issue. The following information has been provided by Spy-Ops and represents their assessment of China's current cyber capabilities.
Cyber Weapons Arsenal:In Order of Threat -- Large, advanced BotNet for DDos and espionageElectromagnetic pulse weapons (non-nuclear)Compromised counterfeit computer hardwareCompromised computer peripheral devicesCompromised counterfeit computer softwareZero-day exploitation development frameworkAdvanced dynamic exploitation capabilitiesWireless data communications jammersComputer viruses and wormsCyber data collection exploitsComputer and networks reconnaissance toolsEmbedded Trojan time bombs (suspected)Compromised microprocessors & other chips (suspected) Cyber Weapons Capabilities Rating: AdvancedCyber force Size: 10,000 +Broadband Connections: More than 55 millionChina's Hacker Community: Honker Union, Red Hackers Alliance (The 5th largest hacking organization in the world.)China's Software Industry: In Q1 2007, the software industry RMB 96.7 billion with a year-on-year increase of 26.9%.
In Q1 2008, China recorded RMB 144.36 billion in software industry sales revenue, up sharply year-on-year.
From all this information one can only conclude that China has the intent and technological capabilities necessary to carry out a cyber attack anywhere in the world at any time. Nations around the world can no longer ignore the advanced threat that China's cyber warfare capabilities may have today and the ones they aspire to have in the near future. Just recently Belgian justice minister, Jo Vandeurzen, claimed that attacks against the Belgian Federal Government originated from China and are most likely sanctioned by Beijing. The Belgian minister of foreign affairs, Karel De Gucht, told their parliament that his ministry is the subject of cyber-espionage by Chinese cyber agents. This is just the tip of the iceberg. Spy-Ops believes that an estimated 140 countries will be working on their cyber weapons by the end of 2008 and that in the next five years we will see countries and extremist groups jockeying for cyber supremacy.


text:
Q: Sql query - Distinct operation i try to solve a problem for me.
i have a index page and user enter start and end date.then a page is coming like that :
and query is that :
 $dbResult = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM profilesInitPlayer where Date BETWEEN '" . $startDate . "' and '" . $endDate . "'");

However what i want is to show dates only one times not every record. Can i do that distinct ? Or any other suggestions?

A: Do you mean you want just the different dates in the table (that are in the dates between your startdate and enddate)?
SELECT DISTINCT `Date`
FROM profilesInitPlayer ...

A: you want to display all tuples in that date range but only print the day out once? you can't do that with SQL because the result of a sql statement is a 2D table and your desired structure would be something like a tree.
but you can do this with php. just ORDER BY Date in your query, loop over the tuples and every time you find a new Date, print it out:
$lastDate = false;
while($tuple = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
{
    if ($tuple["Date"] != $lastDate)
    {
         print $tuple["Date"];
         $lastDate = $tuple["Date"];
    }
    var_dump($tuple);
}

this will produce something like
2012-02-20
tuple1
tuple2
tuple3
2012-02-21
tuple4
tuple5


This collection includes hand painted watercolor peonies, roses and decorative elements in pink, orange and blue with essence of gold. There are premade floral arrangements made from above elements. There are also 12 geometric shapes in gold and silver. There are also 2 gold paint splatter effects. This collection is perfect for making wedding invitations, valentine's cards, greeting cards and wall art as well as fabric printing.
- 2 paint splatter effects, typically 6'x7", 300 dpi, png with transparent background.


text:
Q: pyramid CSRF token changes from GET to POST I'm working on using the python requests module to login to a webpage.  I'm getting the csrf_token by doing a GET request on the url, parsing it with BeautifulSoup to get the csrf_token which is fine and working great, but when I do a POST and use the csrf_token from the GET, the csrf_token has changed and I can't login with an invalid csrf_token.
I understand csrf changes from GET to GET but shouldn't change from GET to POST.
How do I get the csrf_token to not change?  I do have access to the source too, but I didn't write it.
When I step into the code with pdb.set_trace() I can change the csrf_token to what I got from the GET and continue then everything works.
here is the requests code I have:
import sys
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

#~ URL       = 'https://portal.bitcasa.com/login'
URL       = 'http://0.0.0.0:12080/login'
EMAIL     = 'foo@foo.com'
PASSWORD  = 'abc123'
CLIENT_ID = 12345

client = requests.session(config={'verbose': sys.stderr})

# Retrieve the CSRF token first

soup = BeautifulSoup(client.get(URL).content)
csrftoken = soup.find('input', dict(name='csrf_token'))['value']

print csrftoken

# Parameters to pass
data    = dict(email=EMAIL, password=PASSWORD, csrf_token=csrftoken)
headers = dict(referer=URL)
params  = dict(client_id=CLIENT_ID)

r = client.post(URL, data=data, headers=headers, params=params)

print r
print r.text

I can login to other web pages with this method.
What other information can I provide to help you help me?
Thanks