History: North Korea Freedom Week is an annual event held for the specific purpose of promoting the freedom, human rights and dignity of the North Korean people through raising awareness and action. It was first established in 2004 as a single day to galvanize public support in the United States for the North Korea Human Rights Act. On April 28, 2004, the first North Korea Freedom Day, one thousand people came to Capitol Hill in support of North Korea's freedom and human rights. It was the largest gathering for North Korea that had ever been held outside the Korean peninsula and Members of Congress credited that day with leading to the unanimous passage of the North Korea Human Rights Act.
The following year the event was expanded to a week featuring rallies, Congressional hearings, the North Korea genocide exhibit, film screenings and many different events. It was held in Washington DC up through 2009. During that period it gave North Korean defectors the opportunity to meet with the President of the United States, led the U.S. Congress to host hearings featuring eyewitnesses who testified on North Korea's political prison camps, the trafficking of North Korean women in China, North Korea's involvement in abducting South Korean and Japanese citizens, South Korean POWs still being held in North Korea, North Korea's persecution of Christians and its illicit and illegal activities.
In 2010, it was moved to Seoul, South Korea and hosted by North Korean defectors, many of whom had been part of the visiting delegations to NKFW in the U.S. It is being held in Washington D.C. again this year.
NKFW 2015: This year's North Korea Freedom Week will focus on what can be done for North Korea to be free and for the peaceful unification of Korea as we celebrate the 70th anniversary of South Korea's freedom. North Korean defectors will release the latest information from inside North Korea and discuss their role in working for the transformation of their homeland into a free and democratic society. Special witnesses will testify in Congress about the current and ongoing human rights violations by the Kim regime, the tragic situation facing refugees in China, and reveal the illegal activities of the Kim regime that sustain its existence. For the first time NKFW will include a special Silent Auction and Dinner to raise much needed funds to help the North Korean defector organizations.
> For the Schedule of Events for NKFW 2015.
> For the NKFW 2015 Delegation List with Bios.
> To view the article "What NK Defectors Mean to Us" written by Ok Cha Soh, Ph.D., published in The Korea Daily-Washington, D.C. on April 14, 2015, click here.
> To view the article about North Korea Freedom Week 2015 in the Korea Times on April 18, 2015, click here.
Can 2015 Be the Year of North Korea's Freedom?


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Kanye West Explains Why Watch The Throne 2 Will Never Happen
There's a lot of politics behind streaming music
Sasha Geffen sashageffen 10/20/2016
Kanye West has quashed our hopes of ever hearing another Watch the Throne album.
At last night's (October 19) Saint Pablo concert in Seattle, West said that ongoing tensions between streaming rivals Apple and Tidal are keeping him and Jay Z from collaborating on another album.
Evidently, West's experience recording verses for Drake's "Pop Style" left him cold. "Y'all didn't get what y'all was supposed to get with me and Drake on this song because of some Tidal/Apple bullshit," he said.
https://twitter.com/IkerLopez27/status/788998534880043009
West and Jay Z appeared on an early cut of Drake's "Pop Style" as The Throne, but their bars were ultimately cut from the version that appeared on Views — likely due to contractual conflicts between Jay Z, who co-owns Tidal, and Drake, who released Views as an Apple Music exclusive.
The original Watch the Throne album, released in 2011, featured contributions from Frank Ocean and Beyoncé, who are now allied with Apple Music and Tidal, respectively. The particulars of the streaming landscape — or "the politics and the bullshit," as Kanye calls them — would now likely prevent artists on rival platforms from putting out a joint album.
Even more depressingly, Kanye said that all these politics have driven him and Jay apart on a personal level. "Our kids ain't never even played together," he said.
It sounds like if we want another Throne album — or if we ever want North and Saint to have a playdate with Blue — some big corporate hatchets have to be buried first.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Politics PS IMBERAKURI welcomes resolution No.2013/264 (RSP) the European Parliament outlining its concerns...
PS IMBERAKURI welcomes resolution No.2013/264 (RSP) the European Parliament outlining its concerns in regard to "respect for human rights and the right to have a fair trial in Rwanda".
President of the European Parliament
Rue Wiertz, 60
Concerns: Resolution 2013/264 (RSP) of 23 May 2013
Excellency Mr. President,
The Social Party PS IMBERAKURI welcomes resolution No.2013/264 (RSP) the European Parliament adopted on 23 May 2013 outlining its concerns in regard to "respect for human rights and the right to have a fair trial in Rwanda".
Referring to the trial of Madame Victoire INGABIRE, President of FDU Inkingi, the European Parliament details the irregularities which tainted the trial and shows with detailed evidences the struggle facing political opposition figures, journalists and activists of the human rights that are prosecuted of "ideology of genocide and revisionism" to silence them.
You know indeed that in compliance with the laws in force in Rwanda, the party PS IMBERAKURI has been officially registered on July 08, 2009 becoming the first opposition political party registered in Rwanda. However, while Me Bernard NTAGANDA, founder and president of party was attempting to build a strong opposition inside the country, the ruling party, Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) put everything in its power to prevent PS IMBERAKURI from operating normally and destroy it, either through some of its members, either through the institutions of the State, in this case the security organs and the Senate. After the failure of several attempts to neutralize his party, the RPF imprisoned Me Bernard NTAGANDA on June 24, 2010, the first day of filing of candidacy for the presidential elections of August 9th, 2010.
The Social Party PS IMBERAKURI welcomed with great satisfaction the resolution, because the fact that your institution recognized all irregularities that we have ceased to denounce is unwavering support in our daily struggle.
Within this framework, the party PS IMBERAKURI takes advantage of the output of this resolution to remind other situations that deserve the attention of the international community:
The case of Mr. Eric NSHIMYUMUREMYI, president of our party in Gasabo district. While he was returning from the trial of Ms. Victoire INGABIRE on 15/09/2011, he was wounded by RPF police gunfire. Without the slightest care, he was imprisoned. Since then, he remains without a care, despite serious problems due to a bullet still lodged in his chest. No legal action was again initiated in his regard ;
The right to health care becomes a rare commodity in Rwanda. Access to health care is a problem across the country while the government officials continue to claim the merits of health mutual insurance. Many women with difficult pregnancies pay the heaviest burden. They are at best held hostage in the hospital or die for lack of care and, because they are not able to pay the premium the mutual health insurance. For example, one can cite :
The wife of Mr. Havugimana Jean who gave birth by caesarean section at the hospital in Muhima 04/18/2013. Because she was not able to pay her premium in health mutual insurance, she was held in this same hospital until May 14, 2013. The Rwf 95,000 she owed was paid by an anonymous person after he/she read the story in the web log "igihe.com of May 13, 2013. »;
Madame Jacqueline BAHATI from Nyabintare cell, Nyakabuye sector, Rusizi district in Western province had not this chance. While her pregnancy came to term, her family brought her to emergency room at Nyabitimbo health center during the night of Friday to Saturday (10-11/05/2013) where she arrived around 1:00 AM. As they were in default of payment of the health mutual insurance for their second child, the hospital denied the care to the pregnant mother unless her husband pays a fine of Rwf65, 000. While the husband was looking for a solution to pay this fine, Ms. Jacqueline BAHATI remained at the hospital without any care, until she died on Sunday, 12/05/2013 around 07:20 AM in the morning. After that tragic death, husband had to pay FRW10.000 for an ambulance to transport the deceased mother to the hospital of Mibilizi where procedures were to be performed to separate the child and the mother before burial.
The right to food. While more than 90 percent of the Rwandan population lives from subsistence farming, the Rwandan Government currently imposes the monoculture. In many regions, all lands are grouped and operated through cooperatives that cultivate a culture imposed by the Government based on the economic needs of few high ranking officials in the government, the army and ruling party RPF. The entire crop is sold at a low price via these co-operatives and then the farmers are obligated to buy their products at exorbitant prices for their food needs. For a single season, the price difference of the producer towards the cooperative and cooperative to the consumer (producer) is at least 100%. For example, in January 2013, a kilo (1 kg) of bean was sold to the cooperative at two hundred francs (200 Rwf) and then resold at three hundred fifty francs (350 Rwf). Thus, several regions are subject to endemic famines called "inzara NYOBOZI", meaning "famine caused by the governance".
Excellency Mr. President, we welcome the European Parliament decision to recall the Rwanda government about its obligations towards its population especially in term of human rights that can be achieved first of all by unconditionally releasing all political prisoners and by opening the political space so all citizens can lay the foundations of a sustainable democracy in Rwanda.
Best Regards;
Jean-Baptiste RYUMUGABE
Representative of the Social Party PS IMBERAKURI in EUROPE
C.C :
– Excellency Ban Ki-Moon
Plaza, P. O. Box 20
– Excellency Navanethem PILLAY
High Commissioner of the United Nations Human Rights
Palais Wilson
52 rue des Pâquis
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October 10th – World Day against the Death Penalty: the right to human dignity
International Commission against the Death Penalty*
On the occasion of the 16th World Day against the Death Penalty, the ICDP Commissioners join in expressing solidarity with all survivors and their families, with activists and world leaders against the death penalty and celebrate the progress that we have made towards ending this cruel, inhuman and degrading practice. We have come a long way as today 107 countries (Burkina Faso being the latest country, in June 2018) have abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
On this day, we look back and realize that the abolitionist movement has gained ground, slowly but surely as each year there are more countries that reject this punishment. Still, it is a day when we recognize the challenges ahead: though a majority of countries have ended the practice of carrying out executions, in law and/or in practice, it is a sad fact that a significant part of the world population continues to live in countries that impose this penalty. The death penalty is the ultimate penalty. It is final and irreversible and does not countenance the risk of execution of innocent persons. In the USA, more than 160 persons under sentence of death have been found to be innocent since 1973. In Japan, Iwao Hakamada was found to be innocent of a crime for which he was under sentence of death for over 45 years. In China, reportedly the country that carries out the largest number of executions, there have been reports that the Government apologized to families for carrying out the executions of innocent persons. Moreover, studies have shown that the capital punishment does not deter crime. Iran, a country which carries out hundreds of executions every year, reportedly admitted that the death penalty did not have a deterrent effect on drug-related crimes and has introduced legislation that could result in the courts not imposing the death sentences on those sentenced under these crimes.
This year, the World Day and European Day against the Death Penalty focuses on the inhuman living conditions of the prisoners sentenced to death. Those condemned to death cease to be human beings, and they lose their right to be "treated with the respect due to their inherent dignity and value as human beings" as mentioned in the "United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners", which is also known as "the Nelson Mandela Rules" in recognition of his long years in prison. Those under sentence of death face conditions that can only be termed as cruel, inhuman and degrading. In many countries including the USA, Japan, Pakistan, those under sentence of death spend most of the day, over 22 hours, in their prison cells. In several countries like Uganda, Ghana, Pakistan, the prisons suffer from severe overcrowding. At ICDP, we believe that these horrific conditions further erode the very dignity of all those who are victims of this vicious system.
At the ICDP, the 21 members of the Commission and our Support Group of 19 States and three Observer States are working to increase the number of death penalty abolitionist countries. To this end, we engage with leaders, with Governments, with civil society organizations in countries that still retain the death penalty and help in advancing the momentum towards ending the death penalty, initially in the form of a moratorium and then by abolition by changing the law. In our discussions, especially with the Government, we emphasize the important role of political leadership in making this important move towards better respect and protection of the right to life. The abolition of the death penalty, in many countries, has helped consolidate political transition away from authoritarian past towards democracy. Noting this, ICDP is honoured to organize in Madrid, where the ICDP Secretariat is based, a discussion on 10 October on the place of the abolition of the death penalty in times of democratic transition between two ICDP Commissioners, Founding ICDP President Federico Mayor and our newest Commissioner Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, former President of Mongolia who led the abolition of the death penalty in his country.
On this day, the ICDP will launch the Spanish translation of our publication How States abolish the death penalty: 29 case-studies. The publication briefly describes the abolitionist experiences of countries around the world and our aim is that this book becomes a reference document and provides a road-map for countries that want to start their own path towards eventual abolition of the death penalty.
Miss Navanethem (Navi) Pillay (South Africa) is the current President of the International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP), former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, former judge at the International Criminal Court, and former President and Judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, among her most recent posts.
Mr Federico Mayor Zaragosa (Spain), Founding President of the ICDP, former Director General of UNESCO and former Minister of Education and Science.
Mr Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (Mongolia), ICDP Commissioner, former President of Mongolia, and former Prime Minister of Mongolia. He led his country to abolition by initially acceding to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR in 2012. Capital punishment was abolished by law in Mongolia in July 2017.
*The International Commission against the Death Penalty (ICDP or Commission) was established in 2010 as a result of the Spanish Initiative to reinforce the global trend towards the abolition of the death penalty. ICDP was created in order to contribute with its work to promote, complement or support any action which aims at obtaining the universal abolition of the death penalty. ICDP is composed of 21 high-profile Commissioners with experience in international law and human rights, whose work is supported by a Support Group composed of 19 Member-States and 3 Observer States. ICDP Secretariat is based in Madrid.
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Sep 26, 2022 at 12:05am
DaveSchmidt said:
Aren't you a mention or two early?
I counted every mention in the linked thread, which easily puts me past the threshold 3.
Glad your kids are doing well!
Jeffrey_Bennett
Sep 26, 2022 at 11:00pm
FYI, Bill _Gifford_ has a really interesting educational & career background. As a Columbia High School senior he ran for the BOE and part of his platform was preserving Columbia's vo-tech background. Post college, Gifford worked as a solar installer before transitioning to other roles in the solar sector.
In case anyone here is not on Facebook, I'm copying & pasting a recent Wilson, Eckert, and Gifford Facebook post about this.
CandiDATE with Bill Gifford: When running for the BOE as a Columbia HS Senior, one of Bill's top issues was fighting plans to terminate the district's vocational classes Woodworking and Auto Shop. As was the case then, we need to provide students with choices; not everyone wants to attend college. Especially today as the green energy revolution is estimated to create 5 million jobs many of which will be in construction and manufacturing. This economy requires electricians, construction managers, photovoltaic installers and turbine technicians. Students can begin preparation for these professions with Vocational Training in High School. There's no reason the district shouldn't think big and take advantage of Federal and State grants to build out these programs for our students.While Bill holds college degrees, he actually built his career in the solar industry from the ground up. Starting as an installer (see images
Bill mounted hundreds of residential solar systems around New Jersey working for SolarCity. From there, he worked as a Commercial Energy Consultant for Tesla, and now serves as the Senior Director of Origination at Dynamic Energy developing clean energy projects around the nation.Learn more about Bill in his Village Green statement (link in comments).#CandiDATE with Bill Gifford: When running for the BOE as a Columbia HS Senior, one of Bill's top issues was fighting plans to terminate the district's vocational classes Woodworking and Auto Shop. As was the case then, we need to provide students with choices; not everyone wants to attend college. Especially today as the green energy revolution is estimated to create 5 million jobs many of which will be in construction and manufacturing. This economy requires electricians, construction managers, photovoltaic installers and turbine technicians. Students can begin preparation for these professions with Vocational Training in High School. There's no reason the district shouldn't think big and take advantage of Federal and State grants to build out these programs for our students.While Bill holds college degrees, he actually built his career in the solar industry from the ground up, starting as an installer.
Gifford has been a consistent backer of vo-tech options and understands how these skills are essential in adopting renewables.
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0bshgoKoYUmYfs7gEQsDosFzxqSodBvAetq3usP8LKUkNLxAhN85PVE6wUtSamfE3l&id=100085332951312
More interesting stuff about Bill _Gifford_.
DaveSchmidt
Jeffrey_Bennett said:
More interesting stuff about Bill _Gifford_
"This content isn't available right now."
BarneyGumble
Sep 28, 2022 at 1:17pm
We should've renamed Jefferson after this guy.
Sep 28, 2022 at 10:06pm Edited
Could you try this? It's a short, humorous biographical video about Bill Gifford.
https://fb.watch/fQJMzBSQXe/
Sep 29, 2022 at 4:06am
The video made me more curious about the comparison person, Will Meyer, who, I deduced from the video, wears glasses and has not-reddish hair. I found that Meyer is a lawyer who represents special needs students, and worked for NYC Dept of Ed. I haven't otherwise started my BOE research yet, but that doesn't sound too shabby.
DanDietrich
I'm willing to accept that every candidate is intelligent, experienced in some related field, and qualified. Unfortunately I don't know how any of them would deal with issues like paying for bussing, maintenance and programming on a limited budget. We have to pay our faculty and staff appropriately,inflation is eating in to the budget, and there is a 2% tax cap. What gives?
sprout said:
Ritu worked for NYC DOE. Will did not. Both are lawyers.
yahooyahoo
DanDietrich said:
This is a big issue. Every year we have candidates that are smart, experienced in their own fields, and well intentioned. These traits do NOT translate into success as a productive member of the BOE. We have a long list of BOE members that flamed out.
yahooyahoo said:
A frustration I have is that candidates run too heavily on their career & family status and are reluctant to talk about their policy views. This tendency is extreme in Village Green endorsements, where the endorsements are frequently 99-100% biographical, with barely a note on the policy rationale that is the real motivation for the endorsement. Sometimes Village Green endorsements come down to "Vote for X, he has two children, has volunteered at Y organization, and has chosen to live in our community." The endorsements are incredibly inconsistent/hypocritical if you follow them year-to-year, eg, I doubt that many people who endorsed Qawi Telesford because he is a CHS grad will do the same for Bill Gifford, although Bill Gifford is just as progressive.
For this campaign, I think Pancholy and Meyer campaigning more heavily on biography than Wilson, Eckert, and Gifford. Pancholy & Meyer's Village Green statement is 100% biographical and could be written by candidates in any district, whereas Bill Gifford and Regina Eckert were specific SOMSD policy and then biography, including statements showing that they disapprove of the district's incompetence and callousness in transportation and prohibiting transfers. Nubia Wilson's July statement was biographical, although in 2021 she wrote a great piece on the district's communication failure. The WEG joint statement also talks about turnover among staff, the achievement gap, Covid problems, and terrible governance by the BOE itself.
On the Pancholy & Meyer webpage they do have policy, but the tone is that the BOE's existing efforts are sufficient.
Being a "good" board member is a subjective thing, but I don't think lawyers have had any more success than non-lawyers. If we measure success electorally and by commitment, of the five people recently to serve three terms, Lynne Crawford, Wayne Eastman, Andrea Wren-Hardin, Beth Daugherty, and Johanna Wright, not a single one was a lawyer (although Eastman had a law degree).
For transportation, it is legal for a BOSE (or electorate) to raise taxes for transportation. Raising taxes at a higher rate is a downside for taxpayers, although I think higher taxes which are dispersed among everyone is more fair than having families who lose the III lottery and end up at distant-but-sub-2.0 mile schools to have acutely high time & driving costs. Either way, someone pays for transportation, and I think even-distributed burdens are better than concentrated burdens. What we have now are concentrated burdens for a society-wide benefit.
Ronald Taylor and the BOE, for their part, see costs that the district doesn't pay as nonexistent. Taylor said in 2021 "We have folks who live within the proximity of multiple schools, and they could attend one of three different schools without requiring any type of transportation."
Really, without requiring _any_ type of transportation?
We could also offset costs by actually avoiding sending kids to schools between 1.0 and 2.0 miles, because those kids require transportation, but transportation at that distance is ineligible for state aid. By contrast, if we sent kids to schools over 2.0 miles away, state transportation aid would cover about half of the cost.
I think the Taylor-Maini system is a bad one because it creates a lot of unnecessary hardship because it is based on involuntary assignment, but it is also bad budgetarily because it places so many kids at 1.0-2.0 mile schools whom we morally should provide transportation to, even if state law doesn't require it.
Steve said:
@Steve -- Thank you for that correction. I skimmed their page too quickly.
Sep 30, 2022 at 8:33am Edited
I think the Taylor-Maini system is a bad one because it creates a lot of unnecessary practice hardship because it is based on involuntary assignment, but it is also bad budgetarily because it places so many kids at 1.0-2.0 mile schools whom we morally should provide transportation to, even if state law doesn't require it.
We should also morally provide transportation to out of district kids (eta: i.e., resident kids attending out of district) as we had been doing prior to this guy getting here. Aside from the legal requirement. By the way, coming out of Covid, the out of district pop has exploded, and for good reason. That's $1000 a head reimbursement obligation annually, and growing. And that $1,000 statutory cap will be increased soon. Very soon.
BarneyGumble said:
I think we should be careful about terminology -- students in out-of-district placements (e.g. Special Education students at specialized schools) do, and must, be provided transportation as part of their placement.
I assume you are discussing the legally mandated provision of transportation or payment in lieu of transportation to students choosing to attend private schools.
susan1014 said:
I personally do not believe that there is any moral obligation whatsoever in cases where people choose to send their (non-special-needs) children to private school. We should be using taxpayer funds for public schools or for alternatives that are needed for those with special needs, not for those who just make a different choice.
the18thletter
sac said:
Maybe the school portion of property taxes can be refunded to parents who choose to send children out of district while enrolled out of district?
the18thletter said:
It doesn't work that way, just as the fire department portion of your taxes is not refunded if your house doesn't catch fire or any other service that you don't end up using.
Sep 30, 2022 at 7:11pm Edited
Or, if you want low taxes, you could move just down the road. E.g., in Newark, this $517k house (4bd 2 ba), has taxes under $7k:
https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/49-51-Midland-Pl-Newark-NJ-07106/38714740_zpid/?mmlb=g,16
Newark actually has a higher tax rate than we do. They just pay less because of valuation.
FYI...Newark's tax rate has come down by a lot. It's now equal to SO and Maplewood's.
https://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxation/pdf/lpt/gtr/2021taxrates.pdf
Oct 1, 2022 at 8:29am
Thanks. I didn't know that. Equal is good.
Oct 2, 2022 at 9:31pm
Or if you want real "diversity" you can move to Union.
Oct 3, 2022 at 12:29am
It doesn't work that way, but there's no reason it couldn't work that way. Funding for fire departments is a necessary local risk mitigation -- if your house catches on fire and spreads to my house, there's no time to wait for administrators to get the paperwork in order to put out the fire (and neighboring fire departments will work together for this same reason).
Unless you view education as babysitting (which to be fair, is how many people do view it), I don't think there's an argument that the same kind of localized risk pooling is necessary. If your son doesn't learn Calculus, my house doesn't catch on fire. Maybe I want your son to learn Calculus and I think it would make him a better person, but then we live in a democratic country where people are free to decide for themselves what they're going to study.
I'm only 50% serious, and I've been very happy with Millburn schools, but I think it's worth considering alternate ways to structure education with modern technology (always with the goal of maximizing the realized potential of every kid).
We may not agree on this, but I think a lot of people have considered these questions after two years of lockdown, and possibly seeing their children thrive in ways they never had before (and of course, some kids were worse off, and they shouldn't have to learn that way either).
Oct 3, 2022 at 1:57am Edited
kmt said:
Unless you view education as babysitting (which to be fair, is how many people do view it), I don't think there's an argument that the same kind of localized risk pooling is necessary.
Not babysitting. Not, given finite resources, maximizing the potential of every kid, either. There's another view, with a corresponding argument: Public funding of education, including by parents who opt out their own children, pools the risk of an undereducated society. You never know how far those embers will fly.
The two of us settled this and every other debate in the universe years ago, though, so I'm not even 50 percent serious about repeating ourselves.
Lol, I know it doesn't work that way. It was a suggestion since there was such backlash to the transportation payments being made. It wasn't for every resident of the township who doesn't have a school age child only the families with school age children who are schooled outside the district. Seems fair to me and I no l9nger have school age children in the district.
It doesn't work that way and it SHOULDN'T. I no longer have children in the district, and haven't for almost a decade, so I no longer "use" the service in that sense. But it is important to me and should be important to everyone to fulfill every student's right to a good education and siphoning money away from the public school budget to satisfy parents who choose to go elsewhere does not help in that effort.
But is it fair to make somebody pay for a system that has failed their kids? How else will failing schools be held accountable?
Like, all of these kids I've heard about at MHS who are excluded from classes because they're not white, why should their parents have to pay for a racist system? Isn't forcing those parents to pay into the M/SO schools actually racist?
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The family came from South Carolina. Levi Richardson moved from South Carolina to Georgia in an early day. He was a farmer and stock raiser. He became the father of James R., who was the father of our subject. James was born in Congers, Ga. In 1844(transcriber's note: this date is obviously in error due to the dates of the other events in this story). He grew up, a farmer and in due time married Miss Lucretia New. This occurred in 1839, they became the parents of 13 children of whom Dan was the 9th. He was born in December 11, 1859 in Congers, Ga. At the age of 10 his father moved with him to Van Zandt county. This was in 1869, so that practically all his life has been spent in the county. He attended the public schools, worked on the farm and grew up as a typical Texas youth. In September, 1884, the father died in his Van Zandt county home. October, 1890, the mother died in the same home. June 8, 1882 Young Richardson married Miss Emily Rose. Both survive and have been the parents of three children. Only one is living, little Gladys, seven years of age. Mr. Richardson was a farmer but engaged in the mill and gin business for 12 years. Six years ago he entered the Baptist ministry and along with some other interests now engaged in merchandising. He has succeeded well in all his efforts and stands well in his community as a man and a christian (sic) and in the commercial world is without a blemish. He is public spirited and stands for progress and development. He lives in Rhodesburg suburban to Grand Saline and is now using all his energies for new manufacturing establishment and a better school and church interest there and with growing prospects. He is the pastor of the church at small and is a good organizer. He is strong and vigorous and has in him much promise of usefulness.


Along with a number of new assignments, it appears Battlefield 4's Naval Strike expansion will also offer up a handful of brand new rewards and dog tags.
Our friends over at Symthic have discovered a few of these items by data mining the latest Battlefield 4 files, including an award for the mysterious Phantom Trainee assignment, presumably a continuation of the "Phantom Prospect" assignment.
Battlefield 4 Naval Strike launches later this month for Premium members first.


The perfect gift for letting your wonderful wife know how much you love and appreciate her. This sterling silver heart locket charm by PANDORA is iInscribed with messages of love and affection.This item is a single charm only. Bracelets sold seperately. Styling images may show this charm on a bracelet as styling inspiration.
My Beautiful Wife Charm - PANDORA is rated 4.5 out of 5 by 74.
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Rated 1 out of 5 by lizzard from Clasp keeps opening Was a birthday gift from hubby and 2 months later the clasp popped open by itself. Took it back to the store to replace, but was told by the manager that it's normal that it does that and it's supposed to be open all the time. What utter rubbish, it's a flaw in the design if it starts doing that and surely should've been picked up by the manufacturer and dealt with. Looking at reviews over the world, it's a common occurrence in this charm. I asked it to be replaced anyway and so far it stays closed.
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Q: Override function parameter type with type of derived class I plan to create an interface (rather a virtual base class in c++) with a method that takes an argument of the own type.
class Base {
public:
    virtual void seriousMethod(const Base &arg) = 0;
}

The derived class should however take not an argument of the base class type but of the derived class type.
class Derived: public Base {
public:
    virtual void seriousMethod(const Derived &arg) { /* ... */ }
}

How would I realize this? Would I have to template the base class (e.g. Base<Derived>) or is there a cleaner solution?

A: You can't do this directly. Think about this case:
Base b;
Derived d;
Base& d_ref = d;
d_ref.seriousMethod(b);  // What happens here?

At compile-time, the variable d_ref has static type Base, so according to the definition of Base, it should be able to take b as a parameter to seriousMethod.
But at runtime, the dynamic type of d_ref is Derived, so it according to the definition of Derived, it can't take b as a parameter to seriousMethod. It can't convert b to Dervied since it might be a straight Base object (if Base is not abstract), or it might be some other class derived from Base that is not the same as Derived.
You are correct in assuming that the only real way to go about this is the curiously-recurring template pattern, i.e. templating Base and defining Dervied as:
class Derived : public Base<Derived> { ... }

This removes the problem illustrated above, because each type derived from Base<T> will have a distinct base class, and will not be related to one another through inheritance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Lorne Michaels on "SNL" shake-up: "If you don't keep making changes you don't change"
Lorne Michaels gave THR a vague explanation for the departures of veteran castmembers Taran Killam and Jay Pharoah
By Taylor Link
October 1, 2016 12:12AM (UTC)
(AP/Evan Agostini)
In a recent sit down with The Hollywood Reporter, "Saturday Night Live" showrunner Lorne Michaels provided a curious explanation for his decision to release veterans Taran Killam and Jay Pharoah from their contracts.
"I love Taran, I love Jay, I think they're both super talented. They've both been here six years. And if you don't keep making changes you don't change," Michaels said. "Put it this way. Chevy Chase was there for a year-and-a-half. John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd were there for four years. Jimmy Fallon was there for five years."
Six years on a live variety show — a show with an incredibly high turnover rate — is nothing to sneer at. But it's not like the legendary players Michaels listed left the show because they overstayed their welcome.
Chevy Chase, John Belushi, and Dan Aykroyd launched lucrative movie careers when they departed "SNL." Jimmy Fallon was offered the hosting role for NBC's "Late Night," which triggered his exit.
"There are decisions that you intuitively come to, that now we have to do something different, that's all," Michaels said.
On Monday, "SNL" announced the addition of three new featured players for the upcoming season, set to debut October 1. Mikey Day, Alex Moffat, and Melissa Villasenor will help replace Killam and Pharoah.
Taylor Link
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Jay Pharoah Lorne Michaels Saturday Night Live Snl Taran Killam


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December 2, 2018 · 23:59
Who Were the Bodies? The Nazi Crimes Against Humanity in Retrospect
In the film Judgement at Nuremberg the American Prosecutor at the Judges Trial played by Richard Widmark asked a question when showing a film of the victims of the Nazis when the Concentration Camps were liberated by American and British troops in the spring of 1945. His question in the face of films of massed piles of bodies being bulldozed into mass graves at Bergen-Belsen, of the cremated remains, shrunken skulls, and lampshades made of human skin at Buchenwald, gas chambers, medical experiments, the emaciated bodies of still living victims; little more than skin and bones, elbows, hips, and knees bulging over the shrunken remains of their bodies, eyes sunken in to the skulls.
The Nazis specifically targeted the Jews for extermination. According to Hitler, his hnchemen, and other German nationalists, the Jews were less than human, they worked hand in hand with the Bolsheviks, and thus deserved their fate. Likewise, there were those crippled in body or mind who were euthanized, political opponents, religious and racial minorities, populations of conquered nations, who died at the hands of the German military, or who were gunned down in mass graves by the Einsatzgruppen, intentionally starved to death, or who were worked to death as Slave laborers in the Nazi work camps.
They were men and women, wives and husbands, sons and daughters. They spanned the spectrum from infants to the aged. Too many times multiple generations of families went to death together. Hermann Graebe, a civilian employed to help build roads for the Wehrmacht came across one of the many massacres committed up close and personal by SS Men on October 5th 1943 at Dubno, Ukraine. He testified:
Moennikes and I went direct to the pits. Nobody bothered us. Now I heard rifle shots in quick succession, from behind one of the earth mounds. The people who had got off the trucks—men, women and children of all ages—had to undress upon the orders of an SS-man, who carried a riding or dog whip.
They had to put down their clothes in fixed places, sorted according to shoes, top clothing and underclothing. I saw a heap of shoes of about 800 to 1,000 pairs, great piles of underlinen and clothing. Without screaming or weeping these people undressed, stood around in family groups, kissed each other, said farewells and waited for a sign from another SS-man, who stood near the pit, also with a whip in his hand.
During the 15 minutes that I stood near the pit I heard no complaint or plea for mercy. I watched a family of about 8 persons, a man and woman, both about 50 with their children of about 1, 8 and 10, and two grown up daughters of about 20 to 24. An old woman with snow-white hair was holding the one year old child in her arms and singing to it, and tickling it. The child was cooing with delight. The couple were looking on with tears in their eyes. The father was holding the hand of a boy about 10 years old and speaking to him softly; the boy was fighting his tears. The father pointed toward the sky, stroked his head, and seemed to explain something to him. At that moment the SS-man at the pit shouted something to his comrade.
I looked into the pit and saw that the bodies were twitching or the heads lying already motionless on top of the bodies that lay before them. Blood was running from their necks.
I was surprised that I was not ordered away, but I saw that there were two or three postmen in uniform nearby. The next batch was approaching already.
These victims were not just numbers and statistics. They were living breathing human beings whose lives were snuffed out by the Nazis and their allies. They had been abandoned by most of the world. Anything of value that they possessed was appropriated by the men who exterminated them; their businesses, homes, farms, clothes, shoes, currency, jewelry, wedding rings, artwork, furniture, and even their gold fillings, and yes, their hair, and even their skin.
Whole towns were exterminated, millions of people killed and millions of other people displaced, never to return to their homes. At Babi Yar outside of Kiev 33,771 Jews were exterminated by the members of Sonderkommando 4b of Einsatzgruppen C as well as Police battalions. About 10,000 others, mainly Communist Officials and Gypsies were rounded up and killed in the same operation. The victims were stripped of all of their belongings taken to a ravine and shot. The German Army provided logistic support as well as security for the murder squads.
Fritz Hoefer, a SS man serving as a truck driver with the Sonderkommando said these words at the Einsatzgruppen Trial:
One day I was ordered to drive my truck out of town. I had a Ukrainian with me. It was about 10 a.m. On our way, we passed Jews marching in columns in the same direction, we were going. They were carrying their belongings. There were whole families. The farther we drove away from the town, the more people we saw in the columns. There were piles of clothes in a wide open field. My job was to fetch them.
I stopped the engine nearby, and the Ukrainians standing around started loading the car with this stuff. From where I was, I saw other Ukrainians meeting the Jews who arrived, men, women and children, and directing them to the place where, one after another, they were supposed to remove their belongings, coats, shoes, outer garments and even their underwear.
They were supposed to put all their belongings together in a pile. Everything happened very quickly, the Ukrainians hurried those who hesitated by kicking and pushing them. I think it took less than a minute from the moment a person took off his coat before he was standing completely naked.
No distinction was made between men, women and children. The Jews who were arriving could have turned back when they saw those who had come earlier taking off their clothes. Even today I cannot understand why they didn't run.
Columns of Jews march past a corpse in Kiev
Naked Jews were led to a ravine about 150 metres long, 30 metres wide and 15 metres deep. The Jews went down into the ravine through two or three narrow paths. When they got closer to the edge of the ravine, members of the Schutzpolizei (Germans) grabbed them and made them lie down over the corpses of the Jews who had already been shot.
It took no time. The corpses were carefully laid down in rows. As soon as a Jew lay down, a Schutzpolizist came along with a sub-machine gun and shot him in the back of the head.The Jews who descended into the ravine were so frightened by this terrible scene that they completely lost their will. You could even see some of them lying down in the row on their own and waiting for the shot to come.
Only two members of the Schutzpolizei did the shooting. One of them was working at one of the ravine, the other started at the other end. I saw them standing on the bodies and shooting one person after another.
Walking over the corpses toward a new victim who had already laid down, the machine gunner shot him on the spot. It was an extermination machine that made no distinction between men, women and children.Children were kept with their mothers and shot with them. I did not watch for long. When I approached the edge, I was so frightened of what I that I could not look at it for a long time.
German Einsatzgruppen & Police force groups of Jews to hand over their possessions and undress before being shot in the ravine at Babi Yar
I saw dead bodies at the bottom laid across in three rows, each of which was approximately 60 metres long. I could not see how many layers were there. It was beyond my comprehension to see bodies twitching in convulsions and covered with blood, so I could not make sense of the details.Apart from the two machine gunners, there were two other members of the Schutzpolizei standing near each passage into the ravine.
They made each victim lie down on the corpses, so that the machine gunner could shoot while he walked by. When victims descended into the ravine and saw this terrible scene at the last moment, they let out a cry of terror. But they were grabbed by the waiting Schutzpolizei right away and hurled down onto the others.
Those who followed them could not see the terrible scene because it was obstructed by the edge of the ravine. While some people were getting undressed and most of the others were waiting their turn, there was a lot of noise. The Ukrainians paid no attention to the noise and just kept forcing people through the passages into the ravine.
You could not see the ravine from the site where people were taking off their clothes, because it was situated about 150 metres away from the first pile of clothes. Besides, a strong wind was blowing and it was very cold. You couldn't hear the shooting in the ravine.
Jews at Babi Yar waiting to be murdered
So I concluded that the Jews had no idea what was actually happening. Even today I wonder why the Jews did nothing to challenge what was going on. Masses of people were coming from town and they did not seem to suspect anything.
They thought they were just being relocated.
The men who were the leaders of the mobile Einsatzgruppen which conducted these up close and personal killings of nearly a million and a half Jews and others were not common thugs. Most were very educated and accomplished men.
General Telford Taylor, an American lawyer who served as a prosecutor at the Einsatzgruppen Trial explained:
"These defendants are not German peasants or artisans drafted into the Wehrmacht. They are not uneducated juveniles. They are lawyers, teachers, artists, and a former clergyman. They are, in short, men of education, who were in full possession of their faculties and who fully understood the grave and sinister significance of the program they embarked upon. They were part of the hard core of the SS. They did not give mere lip service to Himmler's atrocious racial doctrines; they were chosen for this terrible assignment because they were thought to be men of sufficient ruthlessness to carry them out. They are hand-picked fanatics; every one of them was an officer of the SS … They are not unhappy victims, unwillingly pushed into crime by the tyranny of the Third Reich; these men, above all others, themselves, spread the Nazi doctrine with fire and sword."
The men who ran the death camps might not have been from the same "elite" stock as the commanders of the Einsatzgruppen but they carried out their duties in calculating and businesslike manner. Rudolf Hoess who commanded Auschwitz gave this statement to the International Military Tribunal:
On 1 December 1943 1 became Chief of Amt 1 in Amt Group D of the WVHA, and in that office was responsible for co-ordinating all matters arising between RSHA and concentration camps under the administration of WVHA. I held this position until the end of the war. Pohl, as Chief of WVHA, and Kaltenbrunner, as Chief of RSHA, often conferred personally and frequently communicated orally and in writing concerning concentration camps. . . .
The 'final solution' of the Jewish question meant the complete extermination of all Jews in Europe. I was ordered to establish extermination facilities at Auschwitz in June 1941. At that time, there were already in the General Government three other extermination camps: Belzek, Treblinka, and Wolzek. These camps were under the Einsatzkommando of the Security Police and SD. I visited Treblinka to find out how they carried out their exterminations. The camp commandant at Treblinka told me that he had liquidated 80,000 in the course of one-half year. He was principally concerned with liquidating all the Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto. He used monoxide gas, and I did not think that his methods were very efficient. So when I set up the extermination building at Auschwitz, I used Cyklon B, which was a crystallized prussic acid which we dropped into the death chamber from a small opening. It took from 3 to 15 minutes to kill the people in the death chamber, depending upon climatic conditions. We knew when the people were dead because their screaming stopped. We usually waited about one-half hour before we opened the doors and removed the bodies. After the bodies were removed our special Kommandos took off the rings and extracted the gold from the teeth of the corpses.
When he was asked specifics, Hoess stated: This gold was melted down and brought to the Chief Medical Office of the SS at Berlin.
He continued with some pride during cross examination:
Another improvement we made over Treblinka was that we built our gas chamber to accommodate 2,000 people at one time whereas at Treblinka their 10 gas chambers only accommodated 200 people each. The way we selected our victims was as follows: We had two SS doctors on duty at Auschwitz to examine the incoming transports of prisoners. The prisoners would be marched by one of the doctors who would make spot decisions as they walked by. Those who were fit for work were sent into the camp. Others were sent immediately to the extermination plants. Children of tender years were invariably exterminated since by reason of their youth they were unable to work. Still another improvement we made over Treblinka was that at Treblinka the victims almost always knew that they were to be exterminated and at Auschwitz we endeavored to fool the victims into thinking that they were to go through a delousing process. Of course, frequently they realized our true intentions and we sometimes had riots and difficulties due to that fact. Very frequently women would hide their children under the clothes, but of course when we found them we would send the children in to be exterminated. We were required to carry out these exterminations in secrecy but of course the foul and nauseating stench from the continuous burning of bodies permeated the entire area and all of the people living in the surrounding communities knew that exterminations were going on at Auschwitz.
But the bodies…
Jews and Gentiles from every nation in Europe as well as the Americas, Africa, and Asia ended up dying at the hands of the Nazis, either in their Death Camps, Concentration/ Labor Camps, or up close and personal at the hands of the Einsatzgruppen, the Waffen SS, or the Wehrmacht.
Every one of those bodies, the cold statistics of the Nazi machine were people like you and me. In April I visited the United States Holocaust Museum while visiting friends in Washington D. C.
I think that the one that hit me the hardest was the pictorial Tower of Faces from the Polish shtetl of Ejszyszki. That town was home to some 4,000 Jews and the pictures had been taken over the preceding decade by local photographers. They were pictures of everyday family and community life; men, women, children at work, at play, at rest. Worshipping, working, studying, the old and the young, the well off and the poor, the religious and those not as religious at all phase of life captured in photos for eternity. For 3500 of them their lives ended on September 21st 1941 when the Nazis rounded up the Jews at their Synagogues on the eve of Yom Kippur and executed them by firing squad in mass graves at the town's Christian and Jewish cemeteries. Only 29 of those who survived that day lived through the war. That Jewish community had existed for 900 years and was exterminated in a matter of hours.
I looked at those pictures and I could not get over all of those innocent lives cut short. Each face was the picture of an individual or individuals, families, friends, schoolmates. They were not abstract numbers or statistics but real flesh and blood people like you and me. They had hopes and dreams, but because they were Jews they were exterminated, like nearly six million other Jews who also were real people with hopes and dreams that would be destroyed by the Nazi racial war. Of course the Nazis targeted others, but none with the relentless anti-Semitic racial hatred propagated by Nazi ideology. Thus they condoned and executed by people who would have ordinarily have been considered upstanding and moral citizens. The late Christopher Hitchens wrote:
"We should not at all allow ourselves to forget the millions of non-Jewish citizens of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, and other Slav territories who were also massacred. But for me the salient fact remains that anti-Semitism was the regnant, essential, organizing principle of all the other National Socialist race theories. It is thus not to be thought of as just one prejudice among many."
The Jewish-Italian Philosopher and Auschwitz survivor Primo Levi wrote:
Then for the first time we became aware that our language lacks words to express this offence, the demolition of a man. In a moment, with almost prophetic intuition, the reality was revealed to us: we had reached the bottom. It is not possible to sink lower than this; no human condition is more miserable than this, nor could it conceivably be so. Nothing belongs to us any more; they have taken away our clothes, our shoes, even our hair; if we speak, they will not listen to us, and if they listen, they will not understand. They will even take away our name: and if we want to keep it, we ill have to find ourselves the strength to do so, to manage somehow so that behind the name something of us, of us as we were, still remains.
I write because the remaining witnesses to the Nazi Crimes are dying off and deniers are becoming ever more numerous. In researching this article I came across a man, an American of all people, who is denying the mass murder at Babi Yar. I have to shake my head, but the fact is that such people have become emboldened by the Presidency of Donald Trump. They see in him a kindred spirit. Such does not bode well for the future, and the lives who will stand behind the faces and names of the future crimes against humanity.
Filed under ethics, History, holocaust, Loose thoughts and musings, nazi germany, News and current events
Tagged as adolf hitler, auschwitz, crimes against humanity, einsatzgruppen, einsatzgruppen trials, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Holocaust, nuremberg trials, president donald trump, Rudolf Hoess, was Crimes
"What is Freedom?" The 14th Amendment and it's Importance in the Age of Trump


Dublin Dance Festival – The 15th Edition of DDF will be a celebration of brilliant, awe-inspiring and thought-provoking dance from across the globe, taking place across Dublin. Opening with RIOT starring the Queen of Ireland Panti, and closing with master of contemporary dance Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker, this year's programme offers the chance to witness ground-breaking work by legendary dance artists; a space in which to contemplate the politics, environment and technology of our spinning world, and for every body to cut loose, party and DANCE.
As always, Dublin Dance Festival is offering an excellent programme of events for younger audiences.


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Sex, Drugs, and Alcohol: Talking to My Daughter About Staying Safe
Talking to your teen about staying safe doesn't have to be awkward or uncomfortable.
"I went to a great party - there were tons of cute guys and a couple of them asked for my number. One of them even texted me later that night," Brittany excitedly told her mom on the phone.
Janet, Brittany's mom, was excited for her daughter, but she was also worried. Was there alcohol at the party? Brittany had been a bit of a bookworm in high school and never went to drinking parties as far as Janet knew. But now her daughter was in college; it was a whole new world. What was the best way to talk to her about staying safe while still having fun?
Janet took a deep breath. Then another...
A Difficult Conversation
"I don't want to intrude," she told her daughter. "You're a grown woman now and you can do what you want. But I worry about the stories I hear about girls being assaulted at parties. Have you thought much about making a plan to be safe?"
There was silence on the phone - a long silence.
"Mom, I'm fine," Brittany laughed, but her mom recognized it as her "fake" laugh, the one she did when she thought she was in trouble.
There was another silence.
"This one guy," Brittany said, "He tried to get me and my roommate Courtney to go back to his room. We said no. But it was scary. We were out back of the house and Courtney was trashed and I was afraid she'd say yes. Then I didn't know if I should let her go or if I needed to stay with her..." Brittany's voice trailed off.
"Sometimes it's hard to know what to do," Janet said calmly. "Maybe you and your friends could make a plan in advance of going out? Like who's going to stay sober enough to make sure everyone gets home okay?"
The message seemed to sink in. Brittany had expected her mom to be angry that she and her friends drank at the party. Instead, Janet was offering calm, sensible solutions to the problem.
"I think we could do that. I was scared, Mom." Brittany's voice broke into small tears.
Janet remembered how her daughter could so easily hide emotions. Yet she knew, behind that wall of excitement and new college life, there was an element of fear, of discomfort.
"No matter what happens," Janet said, "I will always be there. No matter what happens."
Additional Reading: Let's Talk About Drugs - Is Your Teen Really Listening to You?
Top Posts in Alcohol - Alcoholism Resources and Treatment Options


Careless driving is governed by S3 of the Road Traffic Act 1988. A person is regarded as driving carelessly if they were driving without due care and attention, or without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road or place.
What is Considered Careless Driving?
It is extremely varied and the act provides two separate descriptions of driving either of which can constitute an offence. The first description is driving without due care and attention and the second description for a motorist to drive without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road.
The penalties for conviction are a fine up to £5,000 and you licence being endorsed with between 3-9 penalty points. The courts have the discretion to disqualify a driver upon conviction of careless driving if the courts feel it would necessary and the offence has sufficient aggravations, such as the weather conditions and the existence of other road users.
Since 2013 the police or the Procurator Fiscal can issue a fixed penalty in respect of an allegation of careless driving being £100 and 3 penalty points.
Given the severity of penalties and the variety of driving that could be constituted as careless it is important to seek legal advice as soon as you are charged or receive a citation alleging careless driving. We can help defend allegations of driving careless and where necessary mitigate any punishment to help the impact of you and your licence to be minimal.


BRIDGEHEAD DRY DOCK, INC. is a business entity registered in the state of California under the legal form of DOMESTIC STOCK. It can be found in the register by the DOS ID C0902996. The company was established and set into the register at 13th November 1978 and its current status is FTB SUSPENDED. Location address of this company is at 30 FLEMING LANE, ANTIOCH, 94509, CA.
Entity Name BRIDGEHEAD DRY DOCK, INC.
The company and its activities are actually managed by 1 person with the responsibility of its market actions. Person written in the register is DONALD A. DOLLE, who's seat is at 40 FLEMING LANE, ANTIOCH, 94509, CA.
BODY SUPPORT RESEARCH PRODUCTS, INC.
MATCHMAKER OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, INC.
K. L. MARTIN PLUMBING, INC.
J. C. SANDERS CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC.
STAR VILLA OWNERS' ASSOCIATION, INC.
SACRAMENTO ELECTRIC & AIR CONDITIONING, INC.
SAM MCNAUGHTON PLUMBING AND HEATING, INC.
SAN FRANCISCO PRETZEL COMPANY, INC.
DENNIS WEST & ASSOCIATES, INC.
JESSE L MENCHACA PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT-CERTIFIED, INC.
JACK ADAMS AIRCRAFT SALES, INC.
COMMERCIAL MELY INTERNATIONAL TRADING (U.S.A.) INC.
MONTROSS CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT CONTRACTORS, INC.
JEFFERSON AND 50TH CROSSROADS, INC.
WEBER DENTAL LABORATORY ASSOCIATES, INC.
THE YABA TV SHOW, INC.
SIGNAL ENGINEERING & SUPPLY INC.
SAN MARCOS LAND CONSERVANCY, INC.
A & F IMPORTED PARTS, INC.
ROBERT A. BLACKMAN, M.D., INC.
THE VALLEY PRE-BILT HOMES, INC.
STREET SMART INSURANCE SOLUTIONS, INC.
TURABAZ INSURANCE & FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
SECOND SERVE OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
FIRST AMERICAN R.V. RENTALS, INC.
F & M IMPORTING CO., INC.
CRUZ BROS. LANDSCAPING CONTRACTORS, INC.
DEEPAK G. BONDADE, D.D.S., INC.
NORTH NATOMAS EQUIPMENT CO., INC.


10 THINGS EVERYONE MUST KNOW ABOUT SHANGHAI'S SIGNATURE LILONGS & SHIKUMEN!
If anyone asked me what's the fastest and most efficient way to experience the real vibe of old Shanghai, my immediate answer would be 'Stay in lilong – at least one week'. Wait – where?!
2.Shikumen (石库门), or translated as "stone gate", is a style of housing unique to Shanghai that blends Chinese and Western structural styles. Shikumen houses( aka lanehouses) are two or three-story townhouses, with the front yard protected by a high brick wall.
The entrance to each alley is usually surmounted by a stylistic stone arch. The influences could be found in everything from intricate carvings in wooden doors, stone archways and door steps.
3.These one- of- a kind - complexes were mainly built by the French and are found in the French Concession.The houses are separated by north-south, east-west running alleys.
4.The grey stone pediment, shaped in a triangle or semi-circle, contains designs that range from the simple to the elaborate. In their heyday, headers (and the width of lanes) reflected the economic class of the neighborhood.
Some lanes had cookie cutter European flower designs stamped overhead in narrow alleys, other lanes enjoyed beautiful and intricate carvings that more well-off residents enjoyed. The most unique are standalone shikumens that captured the spirit and influence of a household, with carefully chosen symbols of peaches for longevity or an elephant to signify wisdom.
At the peak of their popularity in the 1930s, there were 9,000 shikumen-style buildings in Shanghai, comprising 60% of the total housing stock of the city, according to Ruan Yisan, director of the National Historic Cities Research Center at Tongji University. Sadly, more than three thirds of the city's shikumen housing has since been demolished. Weighed down by overcrowding and worsening infrastructure, many Shanghainese families had been eager to move to newer and more spacious residential homes, especially during the housing reform period in the 1990s. Older residents, accustomed to the intimacy and conveniences of their neighborhoods, have a more difficult time leaving lilong life behind.
In the early 20th century, these residential structures were often owned by a single landlord who would house a multi-generational family and sometimes rent out smaller rooms to migrants.
After the Communist Party came to power in 1949, all private properties were taken over by the central government and reallocated to families according to their "political labels". Those tainted by personal capitalist backgrounds were relegated four or five to a tiny room. Overcrowding ensued when tens of individuals are forced to live cheek by jowl, sharing amenities and utilities with a ruthless eye on who pays what.
Shanghai's lilongs include lots of art deco elements. Art Deco expert,Spencer Dodington, noted that Shanghai's art deco is unique "… because traditional Chinese design elements were incorporated into a basic Art Deco palate. … it's a building style that invokes symmetry, Art Deco works particularly well with feng shui, making it popular with local Chinese." It is not unusual to see combined Chinese lattice motifs with Art Deco geometric sunbursts and ornamentation on a single building.
7.Shanghai's lilongs include lots of art deco elements. Art Deco expert,Spencer Dodington, noted that Shanghai's art deco is unique "… because traditional Chinese design elements were incorporated into a basic art deco palate. … it's a building style that invokes symmetry, art deco works particularly well with feng shui, making it popular with local Chinese." It is not unusual to see combined Chinese lattice motifs with Art Deco geometric sunbursts and ornamentation on a single buildings.
Just like lanehouses, Beijing hutongs are also centrally located, however they are less comfortable than lanehouses as usually they don't have private bathrooms and the residents get even closer together as they share one 'down the alley'.
9.A great book that captures the human elements of lilong living under Mao Zedong's communism and later Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening of China is author Jie Li's book "Shanghai Homes".
10.If you want to explore some classical Shikumen buildings, head to Tianzifang, Taikang Road 210 Lane, 387 Shanxi South Road and generally Xintiandi or The Bund Area!
Or join one of our tours and we will guide you through a labirynth of hidden lilongs!
CLICK THE BUTTON BELOW OR SCAN THE QR CODE TO BOOK THIS UNFORGETTABLE TOUR THAT WILL HELP YOU EMBRACE THE GENUINE SPIRIT OF SHANGHAI!


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Our solution is a verified way to have a say in the political legislation that effects our daily lives. By verified, we use a your address and credit card to guarantee your district. We match you up with your representatives at every level. of politics from city hall to your state and national delegates. We try to prevent gamesmanship of small interest shouting everyone down.
Our app lets you see and vote on all pending legislation at every level. See how your districts are voting. When legislation comes to a vote you can see if your delegate voted their district or their dollars.
At local levels we will tell you when town halls are because community involvement makes for safer neighborhoods.
We are not another social network, because politics are personal.


text:
Giovanni Battista Gaulli nazywany Baciccio lub Baciccia (ur. 8 maja 1639 w Genui, zm. 2 kwietnia 1709 w Rzymie) – włoski malarz, freskant i rysownik okresu baroku.

Życiorys
Kształcił się w Genui. W 1657 przeniósł się do Rzymu. W 1662 został członkiem Accademia di San Luca, w 1675 stanął na jej czele.

Malował obrazy ołtarzowe i sztalugowe przeważnie o tematyce religijnej. Sławę zdobył jako malarz fresków w kościołach rzymskich i portretów (m.in. 7 papieży, którzy urzędowali za jego życia). Pozostawał pod wpływem van Dycka i Berniniego. Najważniejszym jego dziełem jest fresk Triumf imienia Jezus (1674-79) zdobiący sklepienie kościoła jezuitów Il Gesù – arcydzieło późnobarokowego iluzjonizmu. Wykonał też malowidła ścienne m.in. w kościołach Santi XII Apostoli i Sant'Agnese in Agone.

Pozostawił wiele rysunków. Największy ich zbiór (ok. 200) znajduje się obecnie w Kunstmuseum w Düsseldorfie.

Wybrane dzieła
 Autoportret (1667-68), 67 × 51 cm, Galeria Uffizi, Florencja
 Kardynał Leopold de Medici (ok. 1672), 73 × 60 cm, Galeria Uffizi, Florencja
 Kazanie św. Jana Chrzciciela (ok. 1690), 181 × 172 cm, Luwr, Paryż
 Madonna z Dzieciątkiem, św. Antonim opatem i św. Rochem (1663-66), San Rocco a Ripetta, Rzym
 Muzykujące anioły (1672-73), 49 × 98 cm, Muzea Watykańskie
 Papież Klemens IX (ok. 1668), Galleria dell'Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, Rzym
 Pieta (1667), 183 × 116 cm, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rzym
 Portret Berniniego (1665), 72 × 61 cm, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rzym
 Portret kardynała Marco Gallo (1681-83), 72,6 × 63,6 cm, National Gallery w Londynie
 Wizja św. Franciszka Ksawerego (ok. 1675), 64,5 × 46 cm, Muzea Watykańskie

Bibliografia
 Chiara Lachi, Sztuka baroku, Warszawa: Arkady, 2011 (Wielka Historia Sztuki ; 5).
 Leksykon malarstwa od A do Z, Warszawa: Muza S.A., 1992.
 Carlo Pietrangeli, Watykan. Arcydzieła malarstwa, Warszawa: Arkady, 2000,
 Christine Stukenbrock, Barbara Toepper, Arcydzieła malarstwa europejskiego, Koenigswinter: h. f. ullmann, 2007.
 Sztuka świata, t. 12, Leksykon A-K, Warszawa: Arkady, 2009.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Artcyclopedia
 Web Gallery of Arts

Członkowie Akademii Świętego Łukasza w Rzymie
Włoscy malarze barokowi
Ludzie urodzeni w Genui
Urodzeni w 1639
Zmarli w 1709

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I just saw this sweet video and couldn't resist it for Frames of Reference. I can remember building stuff and wishing for an audience too. It's instinctive. It's what boys do. But this little boy is a prodigy.
The enormous equestrian statue of George III looking down over Windsor Castle from the top of Snow Hill, pointing out incoming aeroplanes on their way to Heathrow.


text:
Action mulled against SI who failed to identify blast accused
Abhinay Deshpande
Hyderabad , March 13, 2019 00:41 IST
Updated: March 13, 2019 00:41 IST
Hyderabad police trying to find out where the officer is currently posted
Hyderabad police top brass has decided to initiate departmental action against an officer who failed to identify one of the key accused in the August 2007 twin blast case.
The police sub-inspector in question, Chandra Shekar, was working with Malakpet traffic police station when the case was reported. While the terror operative succeeded in carrying out near-simultaneous blasts at a laserium in Lumbini Park and Gokul Chat in Koti, they also planted another improvised explosive device (IED) beneath a foot-over-bridge at the bustling Dilsuknagar main road which didn't go off.
Hunt under way
Currently, the Hyderabad police are trying to 'find out' which part of the State Chandra Shekar is posted at. The officer had failed to recognise Mohammed Akbar Ismail Chowdhari during a test identification parade at Cherlapally Central Prisons on February 7, 2009, investigators said. Apart from Chowdhari, five people with similar complexion, height and personality had been lined up as part of the identification parade.
However, Chowdhari, who planted the IED in Dilsuknagar was identified, by the then Malakpet traffic inspector M. Prabhakar and two other police constables, who were busy clearing the footpath encroachment on that fateful evening.
The officers saw Chowdhari having an argument with a two-wheeler owner on whose bike the black colour bag containing the explosive was placed. The unexploded bomb was recovered and defused by police. "Being an officer due for promotion as inspector, Chandra Shekar failed to recognise the accused during a test identification parade," a senior officer said.
"Once we get know about his current posting, he will be summoned and an explanation will be sought on how he failed recognise the accused. Depending on the explanation, action will be taken against him," the officer said.
Chowdhari, who was convicted in twin bomb blast case in September last year, reportedly told the investigators that he inserted the pencil cells in the wrong direction, and as a result, the explosive did not go off.
Forty-four persons were killed and 68 injured in the blasts at the laserium in Lumbini Park and Gokul Chat, Koti.
Chowdhari and his associate Anik Shafique Sayeed, who planted the IED at Lumbini Park, were pronounced guilty in the 11-year-old case by a special court, while two other accused, Farooq Sharfuddin Tarkash and Mohammed Sadiq Israr Ahmed Shaik, were acquitted for want of evidence. All the four are natives of Maharashtra.
3 accused in Pak
Three other accused — Riyaz Bhatkal, Iqbal Bhatkal and Amir Reza Khan — are absconding and believed to be in Pakistan. Riyaz had placed the explosive at Gokul Chat Bhandar.
The court convicted Sayeed and Chowdhari under Sections 302 (murder), 120B (criminal conspiracy), 307 (attempt to murder) and other relevant provisions of the IPC and other sections of the Explosive Substances Act and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) in three different cases.
Related Topics Telangana Hyderabad
Printable version | Jan 18, 2020 3:10:06 PM | https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/action-mulled-against-si-who-failed-to-identify-blast-accused/article26515649.ece
2019: an eventful year for Telangana State
Starting with formation of a separate High Court, the year was tumultous and in the news for all right and wrong reasons. A brief narration through pictures


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text:
Correspondence, 1923-01 - 1929-11
Reference Code: GBR/0014/AMEL 2/3/6
Churchill Archives Centre
The Papers of Leopold Amery
Correspondence, 1892 - 1964
Miscellaneous correspondence, 1904 - 1955
Correspondents, mainly on colonial affairs, particularly Imperial Preference, include: George Lloyd [Governor of Bombay, India] on [Joseph] Austen Chamberlain's resignation from the Conservatives and the steadying effect of the new Government; [William] Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada, looking ahead to the Imperial Conferences; William Gritten; 1st Lord Long of Wraxall; J L Garvin [Editor of the Observer], urging a quick General Election (November 1923) (2); Sir John Chancellor [Governor of Southern Rhodesia, later Zimbabwe] on the incorporation of the Tati district into Southern Rhodesia and the effect of Imperial Preference on Rhodesian tobacco cultivation (2); William Ormsby-Gore [Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, later 4th Lord Harlech] on Parliamentary divides over the future of Mosul [Al-Mawsil, Iraq] and obstruction from the Treasury over Empire development; Sir Edward Iliffe on the harmful effects of Australian self-support policy; John Price, Agent-General for South Australia; Winston Churchill [Chancellor of the Exchequer]; Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister [President of the Board of Trade, earlier Philip Lloyd-Greame, later 1st Lord Swinton] on hostility from British hosiery manufacturers towards increases in Australian and Canadian tariffs (2); Sir Maurice Hankey [Secretary to the Cabinet] advising LSA not to resign over Empire marketing; [?] 6th Lord Clarendon [Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, earlier Lord Hyde] on the rubber trade, policy on Iraq, the Commonwealth Trust and a new policy sub-committee on Empire affairs; William Brass [later 1st Lord Chattisham] (2); 1st Lord Beaverbrook [earlier Max Aitken] on articles in the Daily Express advocating Imperial Preference, his own views on taxation, Churchill's view of unemployment and the importance of LSA's tenure at the Colonial Office (2); Josiah Wedgwood; Sir Robert Burton-Chadwick [Parliamentary Secretary, Board of Trade] (2); Sir Robert Horne on Imperial Preference relating to car manufacturers (2); L J Maxse [Editor of the National Review] on the Government's lack of sympathy towards the Empire; Philip Richardson; 1st Lord Hailsham [Lord Chancellor, earlier Douglas Hogg] on tariff reform; 1st Lord Bledisloe [earlier Charles Bathurst] on his gloomy view of British agriculture; Francis Bain; Nicolaas Havenga [South African Minister of Finance] on Imperial Preference; Sir Edmund Vestey on protecting British manufacturers (2).
Also includes letters from LSA to correspondents including: Winston Churchill on safeguarding of industry, particularly relating to taxation, losses arising from the General Strike and Imperial Preference; William Hughes on LSA's expedition to Iraq and Palestine and the good start made by Stanley Baldwin as Prime Minister and Churchill as Chancellor; Charles Magrath on Canadian development; Baldwin on Churchill and Imperial Preference, LSA's alarm at Churchill's 1927 Budget and Churchill's refusal to discuss sugar preference with him, the importance of LSA's Empire Tour, economic help for New Zealand, the need for a Cabinet reshuffle, particularly moving Churchill from the Treasury and Government policy on trade; [Arthur] Neville Chamberlain on the Colonial Development Fund and moving Churchill; Stephen Tallents [Secretary to the Empire Marketing Board]; Richard Bennett.
1923-01 - 1929-11
The papers are open for consultation by researchers using Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge.
1 file(s)
Former / Other Reference
2004-10-08 16:28:13.043000+00:00
Baldwin, Stanley, 1867 - 1947 (1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, statesman)
Protectionism
Part of the Churchill Archives Centre Repository
The Churchill Archives Centre website
Churchill College
Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0DS United Kingdom
archives@chu.cam.ac.uk
Correspondence, 1923-01 - 1929-11, GBR/0014/AMEL 2/3/6. The Papers of Leopold Amery, GBR/0014/AMEL. Churchill Archives Centre.
Correspondence, 1923-01 - 1929-11, GBR/0014/AMEL 2/3/6. The Papers of Leopold Amery, GBR/0014/AMEL. Churchill Archives Centre. https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/archival_objects/411188 Accessed January 27, 2023.


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The end of the government shutdown was not "caused" by what was happening at the airports, that was only, at best, the proverbial straw that broke the camel's back or the tipping point, or we can say that the cumulative impact of sundry reasons, some more significant than others, prompted Trump and his administration to finally relent to more powerful forces. The reasons, in a loose causal sense, were set in motion before the airport mess.
One more and perhaps obvious thought: all this commentary and punditry about the putative reality or imminent possibility or inchoate fears and dangers associated with the Democratic Party "moving to the Left," are sheer nonsense. Let's not forget how far to the Right the Party I grew up with has moved at least since Clinton (keeping in mind that it has never been a Left political party, even if it has occasionally been inspired by or borrowed ideas from the Left). The masses can be moved in an ennobling and emancipatory fashion to a higher ground: the Party need not appeal to some hallow or shallow "middle ground" or the lowest common denominator in choosing a Presidential candidate. No doubt whoever that candidate ends up being will disappoint or even anger some on the Left, who have long entertained unrealistic expectations about presidential elections in this country, such that the best or ideal becomes, all things considered, or consequentially speaking, an enemy of the (common or public) good (there is no savior or messianic figure). One wonders how many of those who voted for Jill Stein or refused to vote (out of disgust or because they saw themselves as above the fray or even holier than thou) or gave Trump their "protest" vote, would do the same again. We may not like, as we say, having to yet again choose between the lesser of two evils, or even settling for a smaller rather than greater good. Conditions, situations, and circumstances in our world, especially the conventional political world, are mixed with varying portions of good and bad, and we must continually assess what mix we can settle upon while persevering in our struggle for a better mix in the future, one we hope someday will be clearly characterized as a case in which the forces of good predominate.
I would like to share an abstract, stylized model of two forms of "interpersonal" compromise (with implications for 'intrapersonal compromise,' although the latter will not be broached here) from Chiara Lepora and Robert E. Goodin's book, On Complicity and Compromise (Oxford University Press, 2013), a model I think speaks to the kinds of compromise the Democratic party invariably makes when deciding on its presidential candidate, and which aims to satisfy the existing and even "laundered" preferences of members of the Party as well as potential independent voters and perhaps even some Republicans (at least in the 2020 election) as well.


Trinity Lutheran School does not exist by or for itself.
It is always an agency of Trinity Lutheran Church.
Students at Trinity are able to learn all of God's truths, both physical and spiritual, in a wholesome Christian atmosphere, and come to appreciate what Christ has done for them and how important He is in their daily lives.
We need leaders in our homes, businesses, governments, and churches who have the highest religious, moral, and academic standards. Trinity Lutheran School strives to educate our students to meet these objectives.
a. To find in Jesus Christ an all-sufficient Savior.
b. To grow in love for their Savior and to express this love in every-day experiences with their fellow man .
c. To Realize the requirements set by God for his people on earth.
a. Training children in the virtues of Christian obedience, church life, and citizenship.
b. Assisting parents in meeting the varied challenges of guiding children.
a. Recognize God as their source of all government.
b. Will use their talents in His service.
affairs beneficial to all people.
a. Are prepared for further education and life after leaving our school.
b. Have learned how to learn.
c. Will recognize the importance of education in a democracy.
Spirit and will provide for its physical needs.
a. When they become parents, will strive to provide this type of for their own children.
VI. To encourage and prepare young people for church related professions.
VII. To provide a Christ-centered environment for the growth of the total student.
VIII. To increase the evangelism outreach of Trinity Lutheran Church and School.


text:
Il Sultanato del Darfur fu uno stato pre-coloniale dell'Africa orientale, corrispondente all'attuale Sudan occidentale. Fu indipendente dal 1603 al 24 ottobre 1874.

Storia

Le origini
Il Darfur è composto in gran parte da pianure semiaride che non possono supportare una popolazione numerosa. L'unica eccezione di quest'area è rappresentata dalle montagne di Jebel Marra. Fu alla base di questi monti che si svilupparono una serie di insediamenti che governarono poi l'intera regione. Il popolo Daju e dal XIV secolo dei migranti Tunjur furono la prima potenza nel Darfur. La transizione del potere dai Daju ai Tunjur venne facilitata attraverso matrimoni tra casate.

Dall'unione tra un membro del popolo Tunjur ed una donna del popolo Fur nacque il sultano Dali, figura mitica e celebrata dagli storici del Darfur. Dali divise il paese in province e fu il primo a stabilire un codice penale che, sotto il titolo di Kitab Dali o Libro di Dali, è ancora oggi conservato e differisce in alcuni aspetti dalla legge del corano. Suo nipote Sulayman, solitamente distinto dall'epiteto fur di "Solon", che vuol dire appunto "l'Arabo" o "il Rosso", regnò dal 1603 al 1637, e fu un grande guerriero e devoto musulmano. Sulayman Solon è considerato il fondatore della dinastia Keira e del sultanato del Darfur.

L'islam e la prosperità del Darfur
I Tunjur introdussero l'islam nel Darfur attraverso la loro esperienza negli imperi musulmani di Kanem e Ouaddai. Il nipote di Solimano, Ahmed Bukr (c.1682-c.1722), fece dell'islam la religione ufficiale di stato ed incrementò la prosperità del paese incoraggiando l'immigrazione di popolazioni provenienti dall'Impero Bornu e dal Regno di Baguirmi. Il suo governo estese i confini dello stato ad est del Nilo e sino alle sponde dell'Atbara.

La guerra civile (1722-1786)
La morte di Bukr diede vita ad un lungo conflitto di successione. Sul letto di morte, Bukr aveva stabilito che ciascuno dei suoi figli avrebbe governato il paese a turno. Al posto però di risolvere il problema, queste continue rotazioni portarono ben presto allo scoppio di una vera e propria guerra civile che perdurò sino al 1785/6. Per questi conflitti interni il Darfur entrò in declino per importanza ed iniziò delle guerre col Regno di Sennar e con l'Impero Ouaddai.

Mohammed II Tairab
Uno dei monarchi più capaci durante questo periodo fu il sultano Mohammed Terab, uno dei figli di Ahmad Bukr. Egli guidò un gran numero di campagne vittoriose e nel 1785/6 fu a capo dell'esercito contro Funj, ma non si spinse oltre Omdurman. Qui egli venne fermato dal Nilo e non trovò motivazioni ulteriori per spingere la sua armata ad attraversare il fiume. Pur dovendo in parte diminuire la grandezza iniziale del suo progetto, Terab rimase ad Omdurman per diversi mesi ed il suo esercito incominciò a sentirsi insoddisfatto. Secondo diversi storici Terab venne infine avvelenato da sua moglie su istigazione dei capi del suo popolo, insoddisfatti della sua condotta, e l'esercito fece quindi ritorno nel Darfur. Dopo la sua morte, malgrado egli avesse nominato suo erede il figlio, il trono passò a suo fratello Abd al-Rahman.

Abd-er-Rahman il Giusto
Abd-er-Rahman stabilì la nuova capitale a Al Fashir, città il cui nome significava appunto "la capitale", nel 1790. La capitale era originariamente posta a Kobb, insediamento che venne spopolato per popolare la nuova sede del sultano locale. Durante il regno di Abd-er-Rahman, soprannominato "el-Rashid" ovvero "il Giusto", Napoleone Bonaparte intraprese la sua campagna di conquista in Egitto. Nel 1799 Abd-er-Rahman scrisse per congratularsi col generale francese nella sconfitta dei mamelucchi. Bonaparte rispose chiedendo al sultano di inviargli una carovana di 2000 schiavi neri di sedici anni, forti e vigorosi, con la promessa di vedere riconosciuta la propria indipendenza e la protezione da attacchi futuri.

Mohammed-el-Fadhl
Mohammed-el-Fadhl, figlio di Abd-er-Rahman, fu il successore del padre ma per un certo periodo di tempo fu sotto il controllo dell'energico eunuco Mohammed Kurra, del quale poi si sbarazzò rendendosi indipendente, e facendo proseguire il proprio regno sino al 1838, quando egli morì di lebbra. Mohammed durante il proprio periodo di governo decise di devolvere i propri sforzi ad assoggettare le tribù arabe semi-indipendenti che vivevano nei suoi domini tra cui i Rizeigat, schiavizzandoli. Nel 1821 egli perse la provincia di Kordofan a favore degli egiziani di Mehemet Ali, che stavano pianificando di conquistare tutto il Sudan. Gli egiziani avevano come primo obiettivo la conquista di tutto il Darfur ma le difficoltà riscontrare in quell'area del Nilo li forzò ad abbandonare quest'idea. Al-Fadl morì nel 1838 e suo figlio Mohammed Hassan, venne nominato quale suo successore. Hassan venne descritto come un uomo religioso ma avaro. Nel 1856 egli divenne cieco e per il resto del suo regno fu sua sorella Zamzam a governare de facto il sultanato in suo nome.

La fine del sultanato
Nel 1856 un uomo d'affari originario di Khartoum, al-Zubayr Rahma, iniziò delle operazioni nelle terre del sud del Darfur. Egli iniziò a stabilire stazioni commerciali difese ed armate e ben presto fu in grado di ridurre l'economia locale e tutto lo stato sotto il proprio governo. Quest'area, conosciuta col nome di Bahr el Ghazal, è stata per lungo tempo fonte di guadagno sicuro per il commercio del Darfur verso l'Egitto ed il Nord Africa, specialmente per il commercio di schiavi e di avorio. I nativi di Bahr el Ghazal pagavano tributi al Darfur, e queste erano le entrate principali vendute poi dai darfuriani ai mercanti egiziani lungo la strada per Asyūṭ. Al-Zubayr riuscì a dirigere nuovamente questo fiume di beni verso Khartoum e verso il Nilo.

Il sultano Hassan morì nel 1873 e la successione passò al suo figlio minore Ibrahim, che si trovò ben presto in conflitto con al-Zubayr. Dopo alcuni conflitti iniziali con gli egiziani, Al-Zubayr divenne loro alleato ed in cooperazione essi decisero di conquistare il Darfur. La guerra ebbe come risultato la distruzione totale del regno. Ibrahim venne ucciso in battaglia nell'autunno del 1874 e suo zio Hassab Alla, che aveva cercato di mantenere l'indipendenza del paese, venne catturato nel 1875 dalle truppe del chedivè egiziano, e deportato al Cairo con la sua famiglia.

L'effimera rinascita
Dopo le guerre mahdiste e in seguito alla crisi di Fashoda cui seguì l'entente cordiale, l'accordo di confine tra Francia e Gran Bretagna lasciò il Darfur come stato cuscinetto (che altrimenti sarebbe stato diviso a metà), dal 1899.

Formalmente suddito ottomano (così come formalmente lo erano ancora l'Egitto ed il Sudan, pur essendo di fatto protettorati britannici), il Darfur si allineò ad esso e agli Imperi Centrali durante la prima guerra mondiale, venendo immediatamente occupato dalle truppe britanniche nel 1916 e quindi accorpato al Sudan anglo-egiziano.

Bibliografia
 O'Fahey, R. S., The Darfur Sultanate: A History, Londra, 2008.

Storia del Sudan
Sultanato del Darfur