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Home > Search > Site Map > Delaware
Geology Resources
The Delaware Stone Industry
Printed & Online Sources
Lists of Quarries & Quarry Links, Photographs and Articles
Structures and Monuments in Which Delaware Stone was Used
Stone Carvers, Stone Cutters, etc.
(None available at this time.)
Geology Resources – Delaware
Delaware State Geological Survey
Mineral Resources/Energy
Delaware State Minerals Information (USGS)
America's Volcanic Past - Delaware, presented by the U. S. Geological Survey.
Bedrock Geology of the Piedmont of Delaware and Adjacent Pennsylvania, Delaware Geological Survey Reports of Investigations No. 59, by Margaret O. Plank, William S. Schenck, and LeeAnn Srogi, Delaware Geological Survey, 2000. 52 pp. [PDF]
Delaware Geology & Map, presented Andrew Aldren on About.com.
Delaware Geology - Map of Delaware - Delaware Rivers - Delaware Earthquake Map - Delaware Minerals, presented by geology.com.
Delaware: Its Rocks, Minerals, and Fossils, by D.C. Windish and T.E. Pickett, Delaware Geological Survey, 1980. (Published in cooperation with Delaware Division of Economic Development), 18 pp. (reprinted 1991). [PDF]
Delaware Satellite Image, presented by geology.com. (This is a Landsat GeoCover 2000 satellite image of Delaware.)
The Irénée du Pont Mineral Room of the University of Delaware Mineralogical Museum
A Location Guide for Rockhounds, (PDF) Collected by Robert C. Beste, PG, St. Louis, Missouri: Hobbitt Press, 2nd ed., December 1996, 148 pp. (Includes chapters on "Mineral Locations by State," "Appendix and Glossary," and "Bibliography.")
Rockford Park Gneiss, Wilmington Complex (bedrock) at Tower Hill, Delaware, presented by the Delaware Geological Survey. (The link from which the following information was taken is no longer available.)
<http://www.udel.edu/dgs/geo.html>
"Fine-grained mafic and felsic gneiss, interlayered at the decimeter scale. The mafic layers contain plagioclase, pyroxene and hornblende, and are commonly boudinaged. The felsic layers contain quartz, feldspar and less than 10% pyroxene. Original igneous textures are obscured by a penetrative foliation and granulite metamorphism. The body of Rockford Park Gneiss at the highpoint is surrounded by the Brandywine Blue Gneiss, which is overall more felsic. Foliation dips moderately to steeply northwest...."
Geology Department
Research Resources – Delaware
Archival Research Catalog, U. S. National Archives & Records Administration (NARA)
Delaware Public Archives
Guide to the Collections
Online Digital Archives (Below are just a few of the subjects in the digital archives.)
Document Exhibits
Historic Maps
Photograph Exhibit
Lewes Historical Society Archives, Lewes, Delaware.
Library of Congress Digitized American Memory Collection
National Archives and Records Administration-Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado.
National Geologic Map Database, presented by the United States Geologic Survey.
National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections (NUCMC) Listing of Archives and Manuscript Repositories in Delaware.
Repositories of Primary Sources - Worldwide
Special Collections Web Resources, hosted by the Rare Book and Manuscript Section of the American Library Association, includes links to discussion lists, information about electronic records, and online preservation resources.
U. S. National Archives & Records Management (NARA)
University of Delaware Archives
American Folklife Center - The Library of Congress' repository for American folk music and folklore and folklife collections.
American Local History Network - Delaware
Delaware (History and Genealogy)
Delaware Genealogy Project
American Memory - the Library of Congress' gateway to primary source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States. " Mission : American Memory provides free and open access through the Internet to written and spoken words, sound recordings, still and moving images, prints, maps, and sheet music that document the American experience. It is a digital record of American history and creativity. These materials, from the collections of the Library of Congress and other institutions, chronicle historical events, people, places, and ideas that continue to shape America , serving the public as a resource for education and lifelong learning."
City of Newark, Delaware.
City of Wilmington, Delaware.
Delaware Buildings, Structures, & Architects on the Philadelphia Architects & Buildings Project (PAB) web site. You can search the database for buildings, structures, and architects either as a visitor or you can register free. You cannot search for specific cities, but you can search for county locations. There are no photographs presented, but the location and/or address and the name of the architect are included if known; and the historic registration information is also included.
DelawareGenWeb Project
Delaware State Visitors Bureau
Delaware's Historical Markers Program, presented by the State of Delaware.
Directory of Historical Records in Delaware, compiled by Richmond D. Williams in 1995 for the Delaware Historical Records Advisory Board, Hall of Records, Dover DE supported in part by a grant from the Delaware Heritage Commission
Ghost Towns of Delaware, presented by Gary B Speck Publications.
Historic Maps of Delaware, presented by the Delaware Public Archives.
Historic USGS Maps of New England, Unh Dimond Library, Documents Department & Data Center (New Hampshire, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, and New York)
Historical Society of Delaware
John Dickinson Plantation, located southeast of the Dover Air Force Base.
Just What is Brownstone?, presented by Tingley's Tidbits (Source: Gerald Wolfe, New York, A Guide To The Metropolis. Tracie Rozhon, "Brownstone (the Real Thing) Comes Back," New York Times, 7/4/2000, p1.)
Lessons in Stone – Harvard's Building Blocks Teach Natural and Cultural History (Harvard Magazine) Text by David B. Williams and color photographs by Jim Harrison.
Linkpendium - Delaware
Making of America (MOA) Making of America is a digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction.
The National Parks Service - History and Culture - People - Places - Objects & Events: "Explore America 's cultural resources - buildings, landscapes, archeological sites, ethnographic resources, objects and documents, structures and districts."
Nemours Mansion and Gardens, P. O. Box 109, Rockland Road, Wilmington , Delaware; (302) 651-6912. Nemours, the estate of Alfred I. du Pont, named after the site of the du Pont ancestral home in north central France.
Railways - A Summary of the State of Railroads in the United States, Including the Prospects for a Pacific Railroad, from the Report of the Superintendent of the Census for December 1, 1852 - Seventh Census. Web site presented by the Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum.
Resources for Historians - The History Guide, presented by Steven Kreis.
Rockwood Mansion Mansion & Park - the English country estate in America, Rockwood, Delaware.
State of Delaware Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs. According to the web site, the Division maintains over 90 historic properties located throughout the state.
Wilmington & Western Railroad, Wilmington, Delaware.
Hagley Museum and Library (The exhibits include a small quarry.)
LIBCAT: U.S. – Delaware
LibDex - The Library Index - Delaware
Library of Congress Learning Page for Digitized Collections
University of Delaware Library
Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library (The garden was created from a stone quarry.)
Biggs Museum of American Art
Brandywine Valley Museums and Gardens, presented by the Historical Society of Delaware.
Cannonball House and Marine Museum
Delaware Archeology Museum
Delaware History Museum
Delaware Museum of Natural History
Delaware State House, located in Dover, Delaware.
Delaware State Museums
DiscoverSea Shipwreck Museum
The Hagley Museum (From Mining and Mineral Operations in the United States: A Visitor's Guide, by Staff, Bureau of Mines, Area Mineral Resource Offices, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1967, pp. 19.)
"The Hagley Museum about 2 miles northwest of downtown Wilmington (circa 1967) displays early colonial American industries including gunpowder making. Through the firm, then known as Dupont and Co., Wilmington became the center of American Powdermaking early in the 1800's. Dupont black blasting powder found a ready market in the growing mining industry and in the building of roads and canals.
The Irénée du Pont Mineral Room, part of the University of Delaware Mineralogical Museum.
John Dickinson Plantation Museum, located southeast of the Dover Air Force Base.
Mineralogical Museum, The University Museums of the University of Delaware. (Link to the Mineralogical Museum is located on the menu at the left side of the web site.)
Museum of Small Town Life
Newcastle Court House Museum, located in Newcastle, Delaware.
Rockwood Museum, 610 Shipley Road, Wilmington, Delaware; (302) 761-4340.
Zwaanendael Museum, located in Lewes, Delaware.
1895 U.S. Atlas - Delaware
Cyndi's List - Online Research Resources - Delaware
Delaware Scenic Byways, presented by the National Scenic Byways Program.
Delaware Tourism Department
Google - Maps (Use Google's Local Map, Satellite, and Hybrid (combination map and satellite image) views to view locations of your choice. Be sure to designate the location in the search field in the Google - Local window.)
Guide to 50 States – Delaware
TopoZone "The TopoZone is the Web's center for recreational and professional topographic map users." (Includes a place name search form.)
World Almanac for Kids Online – Delaware
WorldAtlas.com – Delaware
Yale Peabody Museum: GNIS - Search the USGS Geographic Names Database.
1882 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry in 1882 (transcription), excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1882, J. S. Powell, Director, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1883. Excerpts from the chapters on 1) "Structural Materials" and 2) "The Useful Minerals of the United States."
1883 and 1884 - The Delaware Stone Industry, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Years 1883 and 1884 (PDF images of sections), Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1885.
1885 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry in 1885 (transcription), Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1885 (PDF images of sections), David T. Day, Geologist, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1887. Excerpt from the chapter on "Structural Materials," by H. S. Sproull.
1886 – The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1886 (transcription), excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1886 (PDF images of sections), David T. Day, Chief of Division of Mining Statistics and Technology, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1887. Excerpts from the chapter on "Structural Materials," by William C. Day.
1886 - Delaware Building Stones, 1886, and History of the Delaware Stone Industry - Excerpt from Report of the United States National Museum Under the Direction of the Smithsonian Institutions For the Year Ending June 30, 1886 , Chapter entitled, "The Collection of Building and Ornamental Stones In The U. S. National Museum: A Hand-book and Catalogue," By George P. Merrill, Curator, Department Lithology and Physical Geology, pp. 285-291.
1887 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1887, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Year 1887 (PDF images of sections), J. W. Powell, Director, David T. Day, Chief of Division of Mining Statistics and Technology, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1888
1889 and 1890 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1889, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Year 1889 and 1890 (PDF images of sections), J. W. Powell, Director, David T. Day, Chief of Division of Mining Statistics and Technology, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1892
1891 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1891, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Year 1891 (PDF images of sections), J. W. Powell, Director David T. Day, Chief of Division of Mining Statistics and Technology, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1893
1892 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1892, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Year 1892 (PDF images of sections), J. W. Powell, Director, David T. Day, Chief of Division of Mining Statistics and Technology, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1893
1894 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry - Mid-1890s from the Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, Part IV.-Mineral Resources of the United States, 1894 (PDF images of sections), Nonmetallic Products. Excerpts from the chapter on "Stone," by William C. Day. Click here if you wish to read the entire chapter on "Stone."
The Delaware Granite Industry in the Mid-1890s, "Delaware. - The value of the output in 1894, $173,805, is below that of 1893. All of the productive quarries are in Newcastle County."
1895 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1895, Excerpts from Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey (PDF images of sections), Part III. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1895, Nonmetallic Products, Except Coal. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1896.
1896 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1896, Excerpts from Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey (PDF images of sections), Part V. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1896, Nonmetallic Products, Except Coal. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1897.
1897 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1897, Excerpts from Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey (PDF images of sections), Part V. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1896, Nonmetallic Products, Except Coal. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1898.
1898 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1898, Excerpts from Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey (PDF images of sections), Part VI. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1898, Nonmetallic Products, Except Coal and Coke. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899.
1899 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1899, Excerpts from Twenty-first Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey (PDF images of sections), Part VI. Mineral Resources of the United States, 1899, Nonmetallic Products, Except Coal and Coke. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1901.
1900 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1900, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Year 1900 (PDF images of sections), Charles D. Walcott, Director, David T. Day, Chief of Division of Mining and Mineral Resources, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1901
1902 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1902, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1902 (PDF images of sections), Charles D. Walcott, Director, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1904.
1903 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1903, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1903 (PDF images of sections), Charles D. Walcott, Director Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1904.
1905 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1905, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Year 1905 (PDF images of sections), Charles D. Walcott, Director, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1906.
1906 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1906, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States - Calendar Year 1906 (PDF images of sections), George Otis Smith, Director, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1907.
1907 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1907, Excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1907 (PDF images of sections), Part II. Nonmetallic Products, George Otis Smith, Director, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1908.
1908 - The Delaware Stone and Building Industry, 1908 (transcription), excerpts from Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1908 (PDF images of sections), Part II - Nonmetallic Products, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1909. Excerpts from the book are from the chapter on "Stone," by A. T. Coons.
1994 - 2010-2011 – The Mineral Industry of Delaware, United States Geological Survey (1994 through 2010-2011).
"The Architecture of the Granite Shed," By Paul Wood, November 5, 2007, in the Barre Montpelier Times Argus. (New England States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.)
Brandywine Blue Gneiss (granite), popularly known as Blue Rock or Wilmington Blue Rock - Bedrock Geology of the Piedmont of Delaware and Adjacent Pennsylvania, Delaware Geological Survey Reports of Investigations No. 59, by Margaret O. Plank, William S. Schenck, and LeeAnn Srogi, Delaware Geological Survey, 2000, pp. 17-18, 46. [PDF]
Delaware Quarry History - The following information on the Delaware quarry history, is provided by Rick Rothrock:
All quarrying will be found (except for sand) in northern New Castle County. It is contained in a fifteen by ten mile area that features two gabbro plutons. In the 19th and 20th centuries Gabbro and related basalts and gneiss was quarried for building and curbing. Two of the major quarries are located in what are now state parks. Hagley museum keeps a small quarry open as an exhibit on historic industry, and in the Winterthur Museum a quarry was turned into a garden on the grounds.
DiscoverySchool.com - Delaware - Minerals and Mining Stone and Brandywine blue granite are two of the mineral deposits in Delaware. (The above information is no longer available on this web site.
<http://school.discovery.com/homeworkhelp/worldbook.html>.)
"Tools and Machinery of the Granite Industry," by Paul Wood, in The Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association, Inc.
Part I. Vol. 59, No. 2, June 2006. ("Introduction: This article, the first in a series of four on granite working, deals with granite as a material, an industry, and a product and begins the description of the granite quarrying process.")
Part II. Vol. 59, No. 3, September 2006. ("Introduction: This article, the second in a series of four on granite working, completes the description of the quarrying process....")
Part III. Vol. 59, No. 4, December 2006. ("Granite Finishing: A small number of basic finished dimension stones made up the great majority of granite shed production. For gravestones and private....")
Part IV. Vol. 60, No. 1, March 2007. ("This article is the last in a series of four on the tools and machinery of granite working....")
Bedrock Geologic Map of the Piedmont of Delaware and adjacent Pennsylvania, by W. S. Schenck, M. O. Plank, and L. Srogi, Delaware Geological Survey, Geological Map Series No. 10, 1:36,000, 2000. (Map)
Blasters' Handbook: A Manual Describing Explosives and Practical Methods of Use, 15th Edition, Du Pont, 1969, 525 pp.
Blasters' Handbook: 175 th Anniversary Edition 1802 to 1977: A Manual Describing Explosives and Practical Methods of Use, by E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware: Prepared by the Sales Development Section of the Explosives Department, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. "From America's oldest explosives company...come the newest explosive ideas," 16th Edition, 1980.
Delaware Piedmont Geology Including a Guide to the Rocks of Red Clay Valley: Delaware Geological Survey Special Publication #20 , by Margaret O. Plank and William S. Schenck, Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1998, 62 pp.
The Gabbros and Associated Rocks in Delaware, Bulletin 59, by F. D. Chester, United State Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1890, 45 pp.
History of Lewes (Delaware), by Pennock Pusey, (1903), 1998, 32 pp.
A History of the State of Delaware, from its First Settlement Until the Present Time, Containing a Full Account of the First Dutch and Swedish Settlements, with a Description of Its Geography and Geology, by Francis Vincent, Philadelphia: John Campbell, 1870.
Little Known History of Newark and Its Environs, by Francis A. Cooch, (1936) 1997, 297 pp.
Minerals in the Economy of Delaware: State Mineral Profile No. 46 , by J. A. Sutton (USBM), T. E. Pickett (DGS), and R. R. Jordan (DGS), U. S. Bureau of Mines, October, 1978, 12 pp.
Preliminary Report on the Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Delaware, by Ira Wendell Marine and William Charles Rasmussen, Newark Delaware Geological Survey, 1955, 336 pp.
The Technology of Marble Quarrying, U. S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 106, by Oliver Bowles, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1916.
"Tools and Machinery of the Granite Industry" (in four parts), by Paul Wood, in The Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association, Inc. (Issues of these magazines are available from th Early American Industries Association, Inc. Parts I, II, and III the four articles are available on the Find Articles web site at the web addresses below, although the photographs are not included.)
"Tributes in Stone and Lapidary Lapses: Commemorating Black People in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century America," by Angelika Krüger-Kahloula, in Markers VI: pp. 32-100, Association for Gravestone Studies. (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, USA)
United States Geological Survey Geologic Folio 137, Dover, Delaware; Maryland; and New Jersey, by B. L. Miller, 1906, 12 pp., 1 sheet of illustrations, 2 maps.
United States Geological Survey Geologic Folio 211, Elkton-Wilmington, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, by F. Bascom and B. L. Miller, 1920, 22 pp., 4 maps.
United States Geological Survey Geologic Folio 223, Coatesville - West Chester, Pennsylvania and Delaware, by F. Bascom and G. W. Stose, 1932, 15, [1] pp., 3 sheets of illustrations, 7 maps.
United States Geological Survey Geologic Bulletin 1082-K, "Chromite and Other Mineral Deposits in Serpentine Rocks of the Piedmont Upland, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware," by N. C. Pearre and A. V. Heyl, Jr., 1960 [1961], pp. 707-833.
Wilmington: Three Centuries Under Four Flags, 1609-1937, by Anna T. Lincoln, (1937) 1997, 411 pp.
List of Quarries in Delaware & Quarry Links, Photographs and Articles
(The following list of Delaware quarries is not a complete list of all of the historical quarries in the state, only the ones I have been able to locate. If you know of more historical quarries in Delaware, please contact me. Peggy B. Perazzo )
United States Quarries - Super Pages.com - Delaware
Stone Quarries in Delaware, from History of Delaware, 1609-1888, by Thomas J. Scharf, Vol. I, pp. 4-8-b, Chapter II. The Geology of Delaware. (This book is available on Google Books – Full View Books for reading or downloading to your computer in PDF format.)
"DURING the years 1837 and 1838, Prof. Jas C. Booth, in accordance with an act of the State Legislature, made a geological survey of Delaware, the results of which were published in a report that appeared in 1841...."
"The Archean area of the State can be divided into two nearly equal areas. First, a southern club-shaped area of eruptive gabbros and hyperites with associated amphibole rocks, and Second, an upper elliptical area of softer micaceous gneisses and schists.
"Almost the whole of Brandywine Hundred, and the southern half of Christiana Hundred are covered by the rocks of the first class. To the west of Brandywine Springs these rocks, however, taper out into a narrow belt of not over a quarter of a mile in width, which runs along the southern limit of the Archean to beyond Newark.
"Another interesting development of the same rocks occurs to the southwest of Red Mills, and thence to the well-known elevations called Iron and Chestnut Hills. The typical hypersthenic gabbro or hyperite of the club-shaped area just described is represented by the so-called " Brandywine granite," which is quarried to such an extensive degree in the neighborhood of Wilmington. It is a rock of dark bluish gray or bluish black color of great hardness and firmness, and is without doubt one of the most valuable and durable stones in existence.**
(Footnote **: Bulletin, No. 41, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington.
"This rock has been studied in detail by the writer, and from its wide variation in composition and structural characters is of peculiar interest. The rock, as studied under the microscope, is found to consist of a granular mixture of hypersthene, diallage plagioclase feldspar (labradorite), with accessory quartz, biotite hornblende, magnetite, pyrite and apatite.
"The most remarkable fact observed in the study of these rocks is the intimate association of highly schistose black hornblende rock with these massive gray gabbros. The black hornblende rock is, after past microscopic studies, found to be but an extreme stage of variation affecting to a greater or less degree the whole gabbro mass. Hornblende, which is the true gabbro is but a rare or accessory constituent, is found to increase in amount until the hypersthene rock passes into a nearly pure hornblende feldspar rock, which from its schistose or banded structure makes it a hornblende gneiss. In the same way it is found that the true gabbros occur in all stages of transition into rocks distinctly granitic in character, or more nearly like many of the European norites or the trap granulites of Saxony .
"The massive gabbros, best exposed in the extensive quarries of Brandywine Hundred, are entirely massive in structure, or with an entire absence of those planes of bedding which characterize sedimentary deposits. All evidence obtained in the field and with the microscope confirms the belief that they are truly eruptive, and that the rock was at one time in a more or less molten state, in which condition it was probably forced up through the older mica schists which lie to the north and which also lie buried to the south beneath younger clays of the cretaceous. The banded or schistose structure prevalent in the associated hornblende rocks proves also that the rocks of this gabbro belt have been subjected to great pressure, a pressure which the microscope shows was great enough to flatten and elongate certain of the mineral constituents of the rock and to crush others into fragments...."
"Associated with the softer slaty micaceous rocks are probably intrusive masses of coarse grained granite, which vary in thickness for several inches up to many feet. These granites often become so highly feldspathic as to possess considerable economic value, inasmuch as the feldspar frequently becomes decomposed into Kaolin.
"The celebrated deposits around Hockessin are of this character. Dixon 's quarry near Wilmington has produced very fine yields of feldspar. A very notable vein cuts across the road leading up the Brandywine, about one and a half miles from the head of the State. Its width is about twenty feet, and the material a mixture of red orthoclase albite, blue quartz and muscovite. The rock is quarried for the valuable feldspar, used in the manufacture of artificial teeth...."
Bellvue, New Castle County, Delaware – Bellevue Quarry – from the James Goss Collection [1971.8], Lewes Historical Society Archives (The link from which this information was obtained is no longer available.)
<http://www.historiclewes.org/research/archives/1971_8.html>
"The Goss Collection is comprised of 39 photographs depicting the work on the Gapway and the Harbor of Refuge Breakwater." The name Hughes Bros. & Bangs is also included in the collection.)
Brandywine, Delaware – Brandywine Granite Co. (The following information is from the section "Stone Trade Notes" in Stone: An Illustrated Magazine Devoted to Stone, Marble, Granite, Slate, Cement, Contracting and Building, Vol. XXIV, No.1, January, 1902, Stone Publishing Co., New York, pp. 66.)
"The Brandywine Granite Co., one of the largest and best known stone companies in the South, has decided to close its plant on the Brandywine, in Delaware, and go out of business. Recently the company was compelled to pay $9,000 damages to an Italian who was injured by a premature blast at its quarries. The directors of the company declare that under the decision of the court a company engaged in a hazardous business cannot continue operations in Delaware. The quarries are now being cleaned up and the machinery will be sold."
Brandywine State Park, Delaware - Brandywine Blue Granite Quarry (Blue Rocks) The information was presented by the Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. (The link from which the following information was obtained is no longer available, although you can visit the Brandywine State Park web site.) <http://www.destateparks.com/bcsp/bcsp.htm>
The grey stone walls which divide the park were built by Italian stone masons in the late 1800s with local stone.
Newark, Delaware - the White Clay Creek State Park, presented by the Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. The Millstone Trail helps to explore where grindstones were quarried from boulders.
Millstone Quarry Hike in the White Clay Creek State Park area, presented in the DNREC News for March 18, 2003, Volume 33, Number 66, Division of Parks and Recreation. (This link is not currently available on the Delaware State Park Online web site.)
< http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/Admin/Press/Story1.asp?offset=325&PRID= >
"Enjoy an interpretive hike from White Clay Creek State Park Nature Center to Millstone Pond to explore a long-deserted quarry. Hidden away in a rock outcropping is an old production site for millstones."
Rockford Park Gneiss, Wilmington Complex (bedrock) at Tower Hill, Delaware, This information was presented by the Delaware Geological Survey. (The link from which the following information was obtained is no longer available.)
Wilmington, Delaware – Atlas Powder Company (The following information is an advertisement in Pit and Quarry: Sand – Gravel – Stone, magazine, December 1921, pp. 33.)
Atlas Powder Company
Atlas Non-Freezing
will not freeze – eliminates thawing and heartaches
In the most exhaustive tests in both laboratory and field, this new explosive – Atlas Non-Freezing – has withstood the lowest temperatures known to man. It has been used for all explosive requirements and its efficiency has been fully proved in quarries, pits and mines; in rock, earth and ore – all at temperatures varying from that of torrid to the coldest found in the land of perpetual snows.
Atlas Non-Freezing has the same stability and uniformity that characterize other Atlas high explosives. It will not explode prematurely. No objectionable fumes are given off on detonation. Its use eliminates the headaches that attend the handling of ordinary explosives.
Atlas Non-Freezing is made in five grades, thus covering all blasting requirements.
Tell us what explosives you are using now and we will tell you what grade of Atlas Non-Freezing will do the work and save you the inconvenience which attends the use of explosives that are not immune from the effects of cold.
Branch offices: - Allentown, Pa.; Birmingham, Ala.; Boston; Chicago; Des Moines, Ia.; Houghton, Mich.; Joplin, Mo.; Kansas City; Knoxville; McAlester, Okla.; Memphis; New Orleans; New York; Philadelphia; Pittsburg; Kansas; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Pottsville, Pa.; St. Louis; Wilkes-Barre.
No thawing – No headaches – No objectionable fumes
Wilmington, Delaware – Brandywine Quarry (from article entitled, "Canbyite, A New Mineral," by A. C. Hawkins and Earl V. Shannon, Rochester, N. Y., and Washington D.C., American Mineralogist, Volume 9, pages 1-5, 1924.)
"Some thirty-five or forty years ago, when the Brandywine Quarry at Wilmington, Delaware, was in operation, Mr. Fred Hilbiber, then living in that city, discovered in this quarry the minerals here described. The quarry is located a quarter mile northwest of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge on Brandywine Creek. It is at present used as a storage yard adjacent to a leather manufacturing plant.
"The country rock is a gabbro, containing numerous quartz stringers and masses due to the effects of intrusive granite, and showing the minerals enumerated below...." (The minerals associated with the canbyite are listed in the article.)
Wilmington, Delaware – E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Explosive Department (The following information is from an advertisement in Pit and Quarry: Sand – Gravel – Stone, magazine, December 1921.)
E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
Explosives Department
Dupont: Explosives – Service
You can use the now low-freezing Du Pont Straight Dynamite in any weather without thawing.
"This powder gave us excellent results…as we found it was the only powder we had during the past winter, and especially during zero weather, which we did not have to thaw, it being in perfect condition at all times when we took it out of our large, unheated magazine…this is the type of powder we have long looked for." (Excerpt from letter from a large user of explosives)
The quick action, great shattering power and reliability of Du Pont Straight Dynamite has made it for many years the standard for many kinds of work. The new low-freezing Du Pont Straight, the result of years of work by Du Pont Chemical Engineers, retains all the finer qualities of the old "Straight" without its great disadvantage – high freezing point, requiring a time-wasting and dangerous thawing operation. The new Du Pont Straight can be used successfully without thawing in any weather. It is indeed "the type of powder we have long looked for."
Branch Offices:
Birmingham, Ala.; Boston, Mass.; Buffalo, N.Y.; Chicago, Ill.; Denver, Colo.; Duluth, Minn.; Huntington, W. Va.; Kansas City, Mo.; New York, N.Y.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Portland, Ore.; St. Louis, Mo.; San Francisco, Calif.; Scranton, Pa.; Seattle, Wash.; Spokane, Wash.; Springfield, Ill.
Du Pont Products Exhibit: Atlantic City, N. J.
Wilmington (northeast of), Delaware - Gabbro/Traprock Stone Quarry Along U.S. 13 (From Mining and Mineral Operations in the United States: A Visitor's Guide, by Staff, Bureau of Mines, Area Mineral Resource Offices, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1967, pp. 19.)
"Delaware - The Diamond State. The State's nickname alludes to its small size and has no relation to diamonds. Delaware's mineral industry is small and consists largely of sand, gravel, and stone production."
"U.S. 13. - A stone quarry can be observed about 2 miles northeast of the center of Wilmington on U.S. 13 (circa 1967). Riprap, large stones used for breakwaters, and crushed stone for roads and concrete aggregate are produced. The rock quarries is a dark colored granitic material called grabbro by geologists and traprock by road builders."
Wilmington , Delaware – Hercules Powder Co. (The following information is from an advertisement in Stone: An Illustrated Magazine, Vol. XI, No. 6, November, 1895, Stone Publishing Co., New York, pp. xxix.)
Hercules Powder Co., Main Office: Wilmington, Del.
Fuse, Caps, Reels, Batteries, Augers, Wires, Cap Nippers, Electric Fuses. Thawing Kettles and Stump Blasting Tools.
1321 Monadnock Block, Chicago, Ill. – Lima. O. – Cuyahoga B'ldg., Cleveland, Ohio – Clifton Forge, Va. – Wainwright Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. – 23 W. Maryland St., Indianapolis , Ind. – Joplin, Mo. – Bradford, Pa. – Houghton, Mich. – Equitable Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. –
Gante No. 14, City of Mexico
Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Delaware, advertisement in Stone: An Illustrated Magazine, November, 1895, pp. xxix
Wilmington, Delaware - Davidson's Stone Works (1891 Advertisement)
William Davidson's Electric Stone Works
Ninth and King Streets, Wilmington, Delaware
Wilmington, Delaware – the Wilmington Marble and Granite Works (colorized advertising card; printed on front of card: "Autumn 105")
Wilmington Marble and Granite Works,
Largest Stock. Lowest Prices. Best Workmanship.
Monuments, Tombs, Enclosures, Natels, &c.,
Charles E. Smith, Tenth and Tatnall Streets, Wilmington, Del.
Woodlawn Quarry: A Geologic Adventure in the Delaware Piedmont, presented by the Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware.
Finished Products from Delaware Stone in Delaware
Delaware Bay (off Cape Henlopen), Delaware – Breakwater – the James Goss Collection [1971.8], Lewes Historical Society Archives. (The link from which this information was obtained is no longer available.)
"The Goss Collection is comprised of 39 photographs depicting the work on the Gapway and the Harbor of Refuge Breakwater." The name Hughes Bros. & Bangs is also included in the collection.
The old Valley Forge Train Station (east of), Delaware - State Marker commemorating the soldiers in the hills of Valley Forge (1777-1778). (The link from which this information was obtained is no longer available.)
<http://www.nps.gov/vafo/MONUMENT/vfmon26.html>
The memorial is constructed of cut Brandywine granite.
Finished Products from Delaware Stone in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. - Memorial Stone contributed by the State of Delaware for the Washington Monument.
The National Park Service web site presents the memorial stones in placed in the interior of the Washington Monument. The Delaware Memorial Stone entry reads as follows and can be viewed on the National Park Service's web site in either the "Album" or the "Slide Show."
The Delaware stone in the Washington Monument can be view along with the details in the WAMO Stones Section 2.
The Washington Monument web site has recently been redesigned. Below is an description that was available on the National Park Service web site in January 2008 that describes the Memorial Stones in the Washington Monument.
"A unique feature of the Washington Monument is the 193 memorial stones that adorn the interior of the monument. Starting in July 1848 the Washington National Monument Society invited states, cities and patriotic societies to contribute Memorial Stones. The Society listed some requirements to be followed. They asked that the stone be durable, a product of the state's soil, and meet the following dimensions; four feet long, two feet high and 18 inches thick. These stones pay tribute to the character and achievements of George Washington. These traits are not only admired by Americans but by people the world over as seen by the number of stones donated by foreign countries. Below is a list of stones donated by state. In the near future all the stones will be online.
"While viewing the stones please keep in mind that the Washington Monument has undergone extensive renovation over the last three years. A key component of the project has been the restoration of the memorial stones. Over the years the stones have been damaged by moisture and vandalism. The pictures that follow show the condition of the stones before their restoration. In the upcoming months new images will be added highlighting the restored stones."
The following information relating to the Delaware stone is from the National Park Service web site for the Washington Monument. The Delaware stone in the Washington Monument can be view along with the details in the WAMO Stones Section 2.
Location: 30-Foot Level, East Wall, 1st Landing
Dimensions: 5 feet by 4 feet
Inscriptions: "Delaware. The First to Adopt will be the Last to Desert the Constitution. 1849."
Material: Granite taken from the Brandywine Battlefield
Sculptor: Information not available
Carver: J. N. Clayton
Date: June 21,1849, March 5, 1850
The lettering of Delaware is 4' as is the date but the motto is 1 1/4".
It was first proposed to the Washington National Monument Society on June 21,1849. A letter dated to Wheatfield, June 21, 1849, proposed to furnished a block with the state's coat of arms and some appropriate event from the Revolution. On March 5, 1850, John Jones, on behalf of the state committee (which included Samuel Canby, William Chandler, and Thomas Smith), sent a letter stating that the block had arrived, and gave the inscription to the Society. In 1853, the Legislature agreed to reimburse $250.00 to the state committee members.
Documented material history:
• 1850: "A handsome block of marble intended as the contribution of the State of Delaware towards the erection of the Washington National Monument has just been completed in Philadelphia. It is four feet square and weighs a ton." [AG, January 25, 1850.]
• 1850: "The block of stone from the State of Delaware, for the Washington Monument, was sent from Wilmington to Washington on Tuesday. It contains a leaden box, filled with memorials of the present day." [AG, March 2, 1850.]
• 1850: "From Delaware, a block of trap rock, taken from near the spot where the battle of Brandywine was fought, 4 feet long, 3 feet high, and 2 feet thick...." [DNI, August 7, 1850.]
• 1850-53: "March 5, 1850 A letter from John Jones on behalf of the Committee stating that the block had arrived in their hands, and he gave the inscription to the Society. In 1853, after a rejection of the same in 1852, the legislature agreed to reimburse Samuel Canby, William Chandler, Thomas Smith and John Jones $250.00. ( Lincoln Museum )" [MR]
• 1850s: "This block is of native material; gneiss rock from a quarry, on the battle field of Brandywine . It is inserted within a marble panel..." [RW]
• 1880 Gedney drawing
• 1957 Allen photograph
• 1974 photograph
Commercial use of material within this site is strictly prohibited. It is not to be captured, reworked, and placed inside another web site ©. All rights reserved. Peggy B. and George (Pat) Perazzo.


B792- An established private practice in the northern Chicago IL area has a general Anesthesiologist job opening for B/B cases. No OB, cardiac or neuro cases! Call is 1:7 with post call day off. Ideal location not far from Chicago with many outdoor activities and parks located nearby. Offering highly competitive salary and generous benefit package including paid malpractice, generous vacation, medical insurance / retirement plan!
Since 2001, Medical Associates Consulting has been matching skilled healthcare professionals with hospitals and medical practices in need. We have quickly become one of the nations leading full-service Physician / mid level recruiting firms. Our passionate professionals believe that the hiring process is more than simply filling vacancies with the first available applicant, which is why we have spent over a decade cultivating relationships with Physicians, Hospitals, and Private Practices to provide the best match between Physicians and prospective employers. Medical Associates Consulting is a proud member of the National Association of Physician Recruiters.
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Asia-Pacific, Climate Change, Development & Aid, Editors' Choice, Environment, Featured, Headlines, Humanitarian Emergencies, Regional Categories, Sustainability, TerraViva United Nations
The Economic & Humanitarian Catastrophe Threatening Pacific Island Communities
By Thalif Deen	Reprint | | Print |
Credit: The Pacific Community – Sustainable Pacific Development Through Science, Knowledge & Innovation
UNITED NATIONS, Dec 9 2019 (IPS) - When UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres addressed the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) last month, he pointed out the dramatic impact of climate change triggering natural disasters around the world— from glaciers that melt, ice caps that disappear and corals that bleach.
But more and more, he said, the devastating impacts are on the life of the people and in the health of people around the world.
According to the results of a report published in Nature Communications, sea-level is rising much faster than what was expected and forecasted in the past.
"If we are not able to defeat climate change", Guterres warned "we will have in 2050 an impact of the sea-level rise on over 300 million people".
Of these 300 million people, 70% are in countries in the Asia-Pacific region where coastal cities could be "wiped out" if there aren't enough sea defences in place.
The most vulnerable include the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), plus eight Asian countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines and Japan, according to the report.
Dr Benjamin Straus, president and CEO of Climate Central, who along with Scott Kulp, co-authored the report, was quoted by Cable News Network (CNN) as saying: "The results indicate that, yes, a great deal more people are on vulnerable land than we thought."
And they need to take immediate action to avoid the impending "economic and humanitarian catastrophe."
As the sea-level continues to rise, the world's low-lying countries, mostly in the Pacific, will be the worst affected by the climate crisis, which is not of their own creation.
At the ongoing COP25 climate change conference in Madrid, which is expected to conclude December 13, the future of the "Blue Planet, where water covers around 75 percent of the earth's surface, will be a major part of the discussion.
In an interview with IPS, Andrew Jones, Director, Geoscience, Energy and Maritime Division at the Pacific Community (SPC), a principal scientific and technical organization in the Pacific region, provided a worst-case scenario for Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs).
The Pacific Community (SPC) is a regional development organisation owned and governed by 26 Pacific island country and territory members. The organization is focused on development issues within the context of the region, including climate change, disaster risk management, food security, gender equality, human rights, non-communicable diseases and youth employment.
Excerpts from the interview:
IPS: The countries singled out as the most vulnerable to climate change are the 57 small island developing states (SIDS)—some of whom like the Maldives, Tuvalu and Kiribati, may be wiped off the face of the earth due to sea level rise and natural disasters. Do you think the international community is adequately responding to these dangers with concrete actions on climate resilience and funding for adaptation?
JONES: An important point in there is that the countries most vulnerable to climate change are the atoll nations, of which there are four: Maldives, Marshall Islands, Kiribati and Tuvalu.
These countries are mere meters above sea level and have no higher ground to which they can retreat (unlike other countries which have populated atoll islands but also volcanic islands, or which are territories of another country).
Another important point is that these countries will become uninhabitable long before they are "wiped off the face of the earth" by sea level rise and disasters.
The picture of seas rising like a bathtub, so that we can wait until the high ground goes under, is too simplistic (and dangerous thinking).
Even relatively small increases in sea level will lead to more wave flooding (raising up the 'base level' of the natural wave variation in the Pacific) and this wave flooding will poison fresh water supplies and crops.
Safeguarding the World's Largest Tuna Fishery. Credit: Siosifa Fukofuka (SPC)
IPS: Is the UN's Decade for Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) a step in the right direction?
JONES: The UN Decade is definitely a step in the right direction, because the more detailed, rigorous scientific data that we have, the more certainty we will have in forward models, and the better we will be able to inform mitigation and adaptation decision making."
However not enough is being done to respond to the climate change crisis facing our Pacific Island Nations (the Leaders used the term 'crisis' at the last Forum Meeting).
Ambitious adaptation actions are needed within PICTs to prevent them from becoming uninhabitable. For example, countries like the Marshall Islands may look to build higher islands.
However, the future of the Pacific depends on the international focus remaining on mitigation; the international community must commit to progressing the Paris Agreement.
In this context, the UN Decade for Ocean Science is also not enough. PICTs cannot wait ten years to build a better database before commencing ambitious adaptation measures.
A large factor is that we currently have a window in which the Pacific needs to focus on adaptation while the international community needs to focus on mitigation. If in the future the international focus shifts, then much less adaptation funding will be available for the Pacific.
IPS: What are the specific threats facing PICTs?
JONES: The Pacific is heavily reliant on the ocean as a source of protein, but the changing climate is impacting fisheries and opening new debates on what is considered international waters- and what is not.
Firstly, what is considered international waters – Pacific's position on this is very clear – the sovereignty of their nations is not in question regardless of geographic changes that may occur due to changing climate.
Pacific Leaders have stated that once maritime boundaries are de-limited they cannot be challenged or reduced as a result of sea-level rise and climate change. The Pacific has stated that anything which is currently sovereign waters will remain that way and will not become international waters in the future.
However, the international legal instrument through which these maritime boundaries are defined (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) is not clear on this point.
Therefore, SPC is undertaking a regional technical study to understand which 'base points' (the points of land from which the maritime boundaries are defined) are vulnerable to change through sea level rise.
At the same time, the Office of the Pacific Ocean Commissioner (OPOC) is looking at international legal instruments to understand which avenues will be open to PICTs to ensure they retain their sovereign rights into the future.
IPS: What's the future of coastal fisheries? How will they be impacted by climate change?
JONES: In terms of fisheries, it's probably worth noting that the coastal fisheries which are a primary source of protein for PICTs may be impacted by climate change but these are separate from any debate over international waters.
Oceanic fisheries are the transboundary resource most likely to be affected by any climate change in this context, and while they are a source of protein they are also cornerstone of Pacific export economies.
The latest scientific modelling suggests that the geographic distribution of tuna populations may change in the future, which may result in decreasing tuna stocks in the exclusive economic zones of some countries and may also result in an increase in the relative proportion of the tuna resource within international waters (as defined by current maritime boundaries).
This could have significant implications for the narrow and fragile economies of some PICTs, and therefore all aspects of development, although FFA are working with PICTs to reassess how they distribute rights to the tuna resource under future climate scenarios.
The writer can be contacted at thalifdeen@ips.org
SPC 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Hacking History
Labs and Notes
Lab 01: Getting Started
Lab 02: Understanding HTML
Lab 03: CSS and Web Styles
Lab 04: Javascript Basics
Lab 05: Spatial History with Google Maps
Lab 06: Introducing Github
Lab 10: WordPress & WordPress Themes
Lab 1l: From CSS to SASS!
The Course Blog
Class Project Overview
STA 01: HTML & CSS
STA 02: Javascript
STA 03: Make a Map
Lab 12: WordPress Templates
« 42 Ways in Which Google Gives You the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything
"free" as in "free speech," not as in "free beer" »
Hacker Ethics and Steam: a question of Communal or Commodity
Written by kevin, November 28th, 2016
In Christopher M Kelty's Inventing Copyleft the issue of copyright is disputed through Stallman and Gosling over their respective programs. This discussion challenges the nature of the web and its ability or lack of to properly commodify code. The "hacker ethic" implies a mentality of cooperation and sharing to develop code and software. To what extent can something be monetized if it was built via community effort, either in the actual code or the base of it.
Perhaps a more modern example of a similar issue was Valve's decision to monetize of mods on Steam. Mods have long existed in the computer gaming industry often being developed by enthusiasts or hobbyists. Mods can often be retextures or bug fixes or sometimes large-scale overhauls of the original base game. Mod creation and building have often been a community effort often being made in teams or response to other mods. Many mods are even co-dependent, not being able to be run without one another.
In 2005 the popular PC game distributor Valve proposed to monetize mods to support modders and generate overall better content. The system to monetize mods, however, came into disputes similarly with Kelty's reading. Mods were being over-priced and sold by people other than the original developers of the content which therefore led to a multitude of copyright issues that would ultimately lead to the inevitable destruction of Valve's mod paying system. Valve's attempt to make a more organized and curated system in which mods could be created and purchased came to an end following these problems.
Valve's issue in trying monetizing mods similarly relate to Kelty's article on the difficulty of trying to monetize community developed products. The issue of what belongs to who and who decides what plagued both attempts to monetize code. The question of ownership becomes prevalent in both cases as the interconnectedness of coding blurs the notion of ownership. In the Kelty article Stallman's use of code contributed by Gosling and Gosling's use of Stallman's base code. The idea of ownership is therefore complicated with the intertextuality of the internet. The Stallman and Gosling dispute in comparison to Valve's attempt to monetize mods show that the questions of ownership on the internet are still highly relevant in this day and age.
One Response to "Hacker Ethics and Steam: a question of Communal or Commodity"
amy November 29, 2016
Regarding Valve's case with paid Skyrim mods, I'd like to add that Valve and Bethesda took 75% of the profit, while mod developers — who were the ones giving out time, passion, and effort — received merely 25%. Yet should mod developers be paid, even if it's as little as 25%? Yes, of course, as it can be argued that their work is similar to Youtubers who are paid to make content. Creating Youtube content may not be "work" in the traditional sense, but it is nonetheless work in this day and age. An argument against this is that since mod developers are creating work based on someone else's work, then they shouldn't be paid. However, we have seen the rise and fall of some of our favourite mods simply because the mod developers have no time/funds to either update or fix them, and we have seen companies that allow and even encourage the creation of mods as a form of income. A game like Dota, for example, was a finished mod of Warcraft 3. Another game, Cities: Skylines, has Patreon-funded mods, which allow for quality content and a paid mod developer. Perhaps what we have here is a move towards favouring crowdfunding, as it leads to finished mods and curates potential and talent.
"free" as in "free speech," not as in "free beer"
42 Ways in Which Google Gives You the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything
Levels of Design
BP#4: Search Engines and Us
amy on Hacker Ethics and Steam: a question of Communal or Commodity
Janet on Life before the Six.
kevin on Life before the Six.
kevin on Blog #3 – The Great Lakes as a Place of Conflict
amy on Blog #3 – The Great Lakes as a Place of Conflict
© 2019 Hacking History. Made with Love in Grunterie.


At the risk of you breaking out into song!
On Monday eve I went out for dinner with Thomas Power and Bob Barker, all of us in our 50's; while eating our pizza we inevitably talked about the digital age, millennials and selling and marketing. Three topics close to us all.
We got onto the subject of how little we use a phone as a phone. I mentioned that no one apart from BT has our landline number, Bob said he did a training course recently to a group of Millennials and they didn't have the phone icon on their mobile home screen. I then said that I find it so hard to take a spontaneous call from anyone, it 'is just not the done thing anymore'. Calls are booked in my diary as a meeting. I even text my dad more than I call him (although that is partly down to his hearing challenges at 90 years old).
All of this is ridiculous, and on the subject of loneliness and isolation, how sad it is that we don't even hear a voice.
I then became curious about this and wanted to ask you all what you think about this. Has the art of calling left us, could we still do telephone cold selling? Could I actually call a prospect and expect them to listen to me? I use Twitter and LinkedIn for my prospecting, What about you?
Yesterday I was at the Voice over IP phone company Vonage, their sales are increasing amazingly, especially the self employed and micro business sector, providing a Landline number for businesses. Quite amazing that I was having these thoughts 24 hours before I saw them and then hearing that phone number sales are on the increase, I guess taking market share from BT.
I would love to hear your thoughts on this, for me my phone calling activity was only 6% of its use yesterday, with 54% being used on Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp and Gmail.
Have I gone mad, or what?? Have we all shifted? Does it depend on the business we are in? Can we ever go back?


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Technical Analyst: The Bulls Are Back, But Is It Time to Call a Santa Rally?
Rent The Runway Stock Tumbles After Q3 Loss, Active Subscriber Declines
Rent the Runway, the high-end clothing rental operation that went public earlier this year, posted a wider-than-expected third quarter loss of $6.72 per share.
Dec 9, 2021 7:15 AM EST
Rent The Runway Inc (RENT) shares fell sharply Thursday after the high-end clothing rental group posted a wider-than-expected loss in it first financial report as a public company.
Rent said it lost $6.72 per share over the three months ending in October, the group's fiscal third quarter, on revenues of $59 million. Active subscribers to its service, however, were pegged at 116,833, a tally that was only 87% of the levels seen at the end of 2019.
Looking into the final months of its financial year, Rent said its sees revenues rising to between $62.8 and $63.3 million, with active subscribers rising to between 121,000 and 122,000.
"We've been successful at growing and reengaging customers, while we've spun back up our marketing engine," CEO Jennifer Hyman told investors on a conference call late Wednesday. "Looking ahead, we will continue to grow subscribers by leveraging reserve and resale as strong funnel, scaling our full funnel marketing and driving conversion funnel improvements."
Amazon, GameStop, Jefferies, Covid Concerns and Stock Markets - Five Things You Must Know
"We have a larger presence in many more markets than we did in 2019, and our subscription margins are substantially better," she added. We are excited about the significant opportunity ahead ... we only need to capture a very small share of our opportunity set to be a very large business, and we're confident that our value proposition positions us to capture much more than that over time
Rent the Runway shares were marked 11.8% lower in early trading Thursday to change hands at $10.16 each.
Rent went public on October 27 with an IPO price of $21 per share and a market value of around $1.3 billion. It traded as high as $24.77 on its Nasdaq debut, but has since lost more than $1 billion in value as store re-openings and logistics and supply chain bottlenecks challenge its business model.
"RENT's solid third quarter results are in line with our framework that it is benefiting from operational improvements as well as a reopening tailwind," said KeyBanc Capital Markets analyst Edward Yruma, who carries an 'overweight' rating with a $21 price target on the stock.
"Seasonality and continued COVID-related conservatism are consistent with our pre-release estimates," he added. "We believe that positive momentum will accelerate in FY22 as return-to-work and special events serve as a tailwind. Strong reactivations point to high product/brand affinity and give us confidence in active subscriber growth."
RetailEarningsStocksMarketsInvestingStock Market Futures


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LG Gram 17, Gram 2-in-1 Laptops Announced Ahead of CES 2019
LG has launched a two new premium ultra-light notebooks – LG Gram 17 and LG Gram 2-in-1. The two new LG Gram models are winners of the 2019 CES Innovation Award. While the LG Gram 17 sports a thin form factor, the 14-inch LG Gram 2-in-1 comes with a 360-degree hinge. Both laptops run Windows 10 OS out-of-the-box. Read more to find about LG Gram 17, LG Gram 2-in-1 Price in India, Specifications, and Features
The South Korean electronics giant has not revealed the pricing and availability details as yet. Both notebooks will be unveiled at Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2019 in January next year.
Also read: Microsoft Surface Pro 6 Launched Alongside Surface Laptop 2, Surface Studio 2
LG Gram 17 Specifications and Features
Processor 8th-generation Intel Core
RAM up to 16GB DDR4
Graphics Intel UHD graphics
Internal Storage 56GB solid-state drive (SSD)
Display 17-inch, IPS sRGB, WQXVGA (2560 x 1600 pixels), 16:10 aspect ratio
The new laptop is powered by an 8th-generation Intel Core processor along with Intel UHD graphics, up to 16GB DDR4 RAM, and a 256GB solid-state drive (SSD). The storage can be expanded via an extra slot for an additional SSD (up to 256GB).
The LG Gram 17 sports a 17-inch IPS sRGB display with WQXVGA (2560 x 1600 pixels) resolution and a 16:10 aspect ratio. It measures 380.6 x 265.7 x 17.4mm and weighs 1,340 grams. The new notebook is one of the lightest 17-inch laptops in the market. It complies with US military MIL-STD-810G durability criteria (includes seven resilience factors including shock, dust, extreme temperatures, etc). Other features include a Precision Glass Touchpad, a backlit keyboard, fingerprint reader, dual mic, and DTS Headphone X audio support.
The new notebook is backed by a 72Whr battery that offers huge 19.5 hours of battery life on a single charge. Connectivity options include a USB Type-C (v3.1) port, 3x USB 3.1 ports, an HDMI port, HP/ Mic Out combo, and a microSD card slot.
Also read: MSI GF63 Gaming Laptop, PS42 Pro Notebook Launched in India
LG Gram 2-in-1 Specifications and Features
RAM 8GB/ 16GB DDR4
Internal Storage 256GB/ 512GB solid-state drives (SSD)
Display 14-inch, IPS, full-HD (1920 x 1080 pixels), Corning Gorilla Glass 5
The new laptop sports a 14-inch IPS display with full-HD (1920 x 1080 pixels) resolution and Corning Gorilla Glass 5 protection. It is powered by the 8th-gen Intel Core processor along with Intel UHD graphics, 8GB/ 16GB DDR4 RAM, and 256GB/ 512GB solid-state drives (SSD).
The LG Gram 2-in-1 also comes with MIL-STD-810G certification and a 360-degree hinge. It measures 324.6 x 210.8 x 17.9mm and weight is 1,145 grams. Additional features include a backlit keyboard, fingerprint reader, LG Stylus pen (Wacom AES2.0), dual mic, and DTS headphone X audio.
The notebook features a USB Type-C (v3.1) port, 2x USB 3.1 ports, an HDMI port, HP/ Mic Out combo, and a microSD card slot as connectivity options.
Also read: Lenovo ThinkPad E480 Launched With 8th Gen Intel Core Processor, Military-Grade Build
The South Korean giant is best known for its TVs and smartphones. With the new Gram lineup, it is expanding into super-lightweight laptops segment. The LG Gram seems like an interesting portable device which seems convenient for note-taking and drawing. It supports an included Wacom stylus. On the other hand, the LG Gram 17 offers 19.5 hours of battery life.
What do you think of the new super-light notebooks? Do you like the design and specs? Share your views with us in the comments section below.
Tags:laptops LG LG Gram 17 LG Gram 2-in-1 notebooks
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Are you interested in drawing ?
My friend tells me that this painting wasn't the result of an upset paint pot after all, but was made from the paint put on girls' clothes who then writhed around on the canvass! Such is art!!
Terrible news! This little art gallery in the south of France has just discovered that over half its exhibits are fakes!
Yes I am, I like figure drawing, still life drawing, drawing from life :) I love drawing people, though my forms and proportions are not accurate yet.


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October 16, 2012 at 8:40 pmOK lets get one thing straight, The milk that is bouhgt in the supermarkets has already been returned to the factory for Re-boiling lift up a carton or milk and look at the bottom there are 1-9 in numbers one of the numbers is missing. This missing number denotes how many times this milk has been re-boiled by the milk factory before being put back on the super market shelves for unknowing shoppers. The only fresh milk that you can but is direct from the cow and I doubt whether they even sell this. This applies to all fruit juices as well. Take a look the next time you are out shopping. Wake up .We are being sold expired products every day without knowing it !
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These are Buildings and Structures in Providence, Rhode Island in the United States.
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Highland Packers Limited is a 100% Canadian, privately owned, meat processing and Distribution Company. We have been providing Stoney Creek and the Golden Horseshoe area with high-quality meat products for over 50 years. We are looking for a qualified individual to invest into, who will continue in and improve Highland's tradition of quality products.
The Processed Meat Department Manger's position includes creating new and maintaining high-quality processed meat products. This is to be done through operating, troubleshooting and adjusting equipment, contributing to product research and development, assuring the quality of products and managing employees through the process. The ideal candidate will have an understanding of basic meat science and the value-added meat process.
o Monitoring temperature of the products in controlled stages of production, grinding, mixing, stuffing, hanging, smoking and cooling of products.
· Development of new products from recipe creation to manufacturing procedures.
· Improvement of the current product line adding value such as shelf life, product yields, taste and appearance.
o Knowledge of raw material, production processes, quality control and costs.
o Coordinating people and resources in a strategic manner to achieve production goals.
o Multi-Task and prioritize tasks to meet deadlines in a fast pace environment.


The NX88 made its debut as the smallest and most compact loudspeaker in the NX line last year. Small in stature only, the NX88 offers performance and features usually never seen in a loudspeaker this unobtrusive.
Recessed Input panel and handle.
Loaded with a single 8-inch driver and a 1-inch horn driver, the NX88 delivers a clean 125 watts with a 90Hz to 16000Hz frequency response. Proven Yorkville CTL™ horn protection ensures reliable operation. Two 1/4-inch input connectors are provided on a recessed jackplate, as well as an integrated pole-mount stand adaptor and integrated recessed handle are standard features.
The enclosure itself has been molded for maximum versatility. The trapezoid box is ideal for mounting in arrays, or for use as a monitor, with recessed input jack plate and an ideal wedge monitor angle that was taken into account in the initial design.
Most small PA powered mixers or small power amplifiers are capable of delivering their maximum power into a 4-ohm per channel load. When the entire system only requires two loudspeakers, getting the maximum potential power out of the system requires using the right speaker. The NX84 is a 4-ohm version of the NX88 with all the same great features and specifications as the NX88 8-ohm version, but capable of drawing the maximum load out of power sources like the M8 mixer.


Our Texoma vacation home is the perfect place for a family getway, couples retreat or a family gathering at the lake.This Lake Texoma rental cabin is located one mile from Cedar Mills on the west end of Lake Texoma.
Lake Texoma furnished lodging, RV park, floating restaurant, fishing guides, and boat rentals at Alberta Creek Resort and Marina.There are many fun cabins available for weekend getaways on Lake Texoma.The Manor Rates 21 Things To Do Fishing Wildlife Pics Hagerman Refuge Lake Texoma Real Estate VRBO Calendar.A beautiful nature center, free group classes, and lots of hiking trails makes this site perfect for scout camping or just a day outing.
Many come with direct access to the lake, as well as large yards, pools, and spaces for barbecues.If you figure in the cost of boat ownership, equipment cost, invaluable Texoma time on the water experience, and cleaning a pile of Lake Texoma Striper, the rates are well worth every dollar.Lake Texoma lodging offers cabin rentals on the Preston Pennisula of Lake Texoma.Regarded as one of the largest repositories in the United States, Lake Texoma covers a wide expanse of 89,000 acre lake on the Red River and is a hub for various kinds of fishing.Located 15 minutes from grocery store, restaurants, and nightlife activities.Lake Texoma lies on the border between Oklahoma and Texas, and hence its name.
Lake Texoma is a huge reservoir, with hundreds of attractive properties along its coastline.
Located in Willow Spring, Lake Texoma Camping Resort Cabin 16 provides accommodations with free WiFi, a seating area, a TV and a kitchen.We cater to individuals coming to Texoma for a fishing trip, families looking for a getaway, company retreats, family reunions, recreational boaters, and anyone looking for an affordable place to stay at the lake.If you want to know Lake Texoma fishing hot spots or the best months for striper fishing, we have this. Choose from over a dozen great cabins and motel options, all just a short walk to Cedar Bayou Marina. Today we are taking a quick House Tour of a Lake Cabin that is located on Lake Texoma in Pottsboro, Texas. 278 Black Forest Drive Pottsboro, TX 75076 Studio 1 Full Bathroom 768 Sq Ft Listed Price.
Cabins In Lake Texoma is individual of the photos we found on the net from worthy of respect beginning.We have vacation rentals, cabins, lodging, lake homes and waterfront lake houses.
Room amenities at Lake Texoma Camping Resort Cabin 12 include a microwave, a coffee maker, a kitchen, a sitting area and a separate toilet.
On the Oklahoma side of Lake Texoma, the second-largest lake in the state, Lake Texoma State Park has been a long-time destination for swimming, camping, hiking, and fishing.
Come experience the finest accommodations, a wide variety of exciting activities and excellent meeting facilities. Secluded on 10 private acres near Lake Texoma in Kingston, OK, Arrowhead Pointe Lodge offers motel rooms, mobile homes and one large bunkhouse that sleeps up to 20 people.
In 1950, Grandpappy Point Resort and Marina was just a small fishing camp established off the shores of Lake Texoma.Remodeled in 2016, home has 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, living room, dining and fully equipped kitchen with full size washer and dryer.


Motorola Moto Z3 Case is specially designed for Moto Z3. Complete protection from drops and scratches.
This case is specially made for the Moto Z3.
Good protection for Moto Z3, easy to carry and keep your Moto Z3 away from scratches, bumps and dust.


text:
Govt missing in action on helping protect communities from sea-level rise
Posted by Eugenie Sage November 19, 2015 1:32 PM
The National Government and Minister for the Environment Dr Nick Smith have been missing in action in failing to provide local authorities with clear national direction on how to plan for sea-level rise, the Green Party said today.
"With sea-level rise inevitable, the Government needs to provide national direction under the Resource Management Act (RMA), so New Zealanders in low-lying areas such as Napier and Dunedin South aren't left with uninsurable and uninhabitable homes," Green Party environment spokesperson Eugenie Sage said.
The comments come on the back of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment's (PCE) report on preparing New Zealand for sea-level rise, which was released today.
"The National Government has a weak stance on reducing climate pollution. It's also failing to show leadership in how New Zealand prepares for the impacts of climate change such as sea-level rise.
"The Green Party called for a National Policy Statement under the RMA as early as 2010 to provide clear and consistent policy direction for local councils responding to climate change. We strongly support the Parliamentary Commissioner's recommendations that the Government needs to do more to help.
"Without consistent national direction as recommended by the PCE, the Government is abandoning councils and low-lying communities such as Napier and Dunedin South to deal with an uncertain future on their own.
"Sea-level rise is starting to affect people's homes and businesses, and billions of dollars' worth of property and infrastructure. It needs to be treated as priority issue by the Government.
"Unlike the Christchurch earthquakes, we have time to prepare, and we can adapt in ways that are fair and that don't tear communities apart.
"A National Policy Statement and other national policy direction recommended by the Parliamentary Commissioner would ensure a consistent approach across New Zealand. It would give certainty to local government and help councils make hard decisions about development in at-risk areas.
"We support the Parliamentary Commissioner's call for a working group to investigate what support can be given to people whose homes and properties are at risk from sea-level rise," Ms Sage said.
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Greens must be at table during RMA reform to protect environment
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