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Saturday, November 14, 2020 | History
3 edition of Orphan Drug amendments of 1985 found in the catalog.
Orphan Drug amendments of 1985
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce
report (to accompany H.R. 2290) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office).
by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce
Published 1985 by U.S. G.P.O. in [Washington, D.C.? .
Drugs -- Research -- United States.,
Pharmacy -- Research -- United States -- Finance.,
Public health -- United States -- Finance.
Series Report / 99th Congress, 1st session, House of Representatives -- 99-153.
Pagination 13 p. ;
6th Constitutional Law Conclave.
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Nanaka 6/17 Volume 4
Orphan Drug amendments of 1985 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce Download PDF EPUB FB2
S. (99th). A bill to amend the orphan drug provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and related laws. Ina database of bills. Get this from a library. Orphan Drug amendments of report (to accompany H.R.
) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce.]. H.R. (th). A bill to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revise the provisions respecting orphan drugs and for other purposes.
Ina database of bills in the U.S. Congress. An Act to Amend the Orphan Drug Provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and Related Laws. [United States.] Home. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Search.
Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Orphan Drug Amendments of Reviews. User-contributed reviews. (Orphan Drug Act Amendments of ). The Orphan Drug Amendments of did pass both houses of Congress, but they were pocket vetoed by President Bush.
See CONG. REc. H73 (daily ed. Jan. 3, ) (H.R. Memorandum of Disapproval). The Orphan Drug Act, Pub. 96 Stat. () (codified as amended. Pure Food and Drug Act of B.
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of C. Durham-Humphrey Amendments of D. Kefauver-Harris Amendments of E. Orphan Drug Act ; Amendments of & F. Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of G.
Prescription Drug Marketing Act of The Orphan Drug Designation program provides orphan status to drugs and biologics which are defined as those intended for the safe and effective treatment, diagnosis or prevention of rare diseases. An orphan-designated drug is a drug or biologic intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a rare disease or condition, which is one that affects less thanpersons in the US or.
Orphan Drug Amendments ofPL Hearings Before the House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, st Cong, 2nd Sess (February 7, ) (testimony of Gerald J. Mossinghoff).Cited by: An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent developed to treat medical conditions which, because they are so rare, would not be profitable to produce without government assistance.
The conditions are referred to as orphan diseases. The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries and has yielded medical breakthroughs.
The Orphan Drug Act () established several incentives to encourage the development of orphan drugs (ODs) to treat rare diseases and conditions. This study analyzed the characteristics of OD designations, approvals, sponsors, and evaluated the effective patent and market exclusivity life of orphan new molecular entities (NMEs) approved in the US between and Cited by: Orphan Drug Act passed, enabling FDA to promote research and marketing of drugs needed for treating rare diseases.
Fines Enhancement Laws of and amend the U.S Code to greatly increase penalties for all federal offenses. Sponsors with more than 10 orphan designations had a 31% FDA approval rate.
Overall, % of the sponsors that had 5 or more orphan designations accounted for % of the FDA approvals. After approval of the Orphan Drug Amendments ofthe average time from orphan designation to FDA approval was ± years (n = ).Cited Orphan Drug amendments of 1985 book From the FDA page on the Orphan Drug Tax Credit.
Incentives TAX CREDIT (See Footnote 1 below) FOR TESTING EXPENSES FOR DRUGS FOR RARE DISEASES OR CONDITIONS Introduction Section 45C of the Internal Revenue Code of allows a credit against tax, up to 50 percent of certain clinical testing expenses related to the use of a drug for a rare disease or condition after it is.
The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered (or self-administered) to patients, with the aim to cure them, vaccinate them, or alleviate the symptoms.
Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices. They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that. Visit to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, The National Academies Press.
doi: / In amendments to the Orphan Drug Act, Congress directed DHHS to create a new commission to take a broad look at orphan diseases. The National Commission on Orphan Diseases issued its report in Start studying JP Quiz 1 Dates.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pub. 99–91, §1, Aug. 15,99 Stat.provided that: "This Act [amending sections aa to cc, and ee of this title, and sections g–1 and of Ti The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section aa of this title and section of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Orphan.
States, Congress passed the Orphan Drug Act in to provide incentives for industry investment in treatments for such rare conditions. 3 The Orphan Drug Act provided manufacturers with three primary incentives: (1) federal funding of grants and contracts to perform clinical trials of orphan products; (2) a tax credit of 50 percent of clinical testing costs; and (3) an exclusive right to.
This article first reviews details of the legislation and orphan drug regulations, and then provides a year overview (–) of orphan drug activity in the US, including descriptive data. staff on the Orphan Drug Act ofthe Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act ofthe Drug Export Amendments Act ofand the Export Reform and Enhancement Act of At the request of the House and Senate staff, he drafted and worked on the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of He has.
Results In the period –, the FDA granted 3, orphan drug designations and orphan drug approvals. The orphan drug approvals corresponded to different brand names. Orphan Drug Act passed, enabling FDA to promote research and marketing of drugs needed for treating rare diseases.
The first televised advertisement for a prescription drug appears in June, purportedly for price comparison with a competitor's product, but it includes information about therapeutic indication and the relative value of the Author: Jacqueline Schwab.
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (): Outlined strict controls in the manufacture, distribution, and prescribing of habit-forming drugs; drug schedules and programs to prevent and treat drug addiction.
Orphan Drug Amendments of Provided incentives for development of drugs that treat diseases with less than"This Act [amending sections aa to cc, and ee of this title, and sections g–1 and of Ti The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section aa of this title and section of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Orphan Drug Amendments of '.".
Peter Barton Hutt is a senior counsel in the Washington, DC law firm of Covington & Burling LLP, specializing in Food and Drug Law. He began his law practice with the firm in and, except for his four years in the government, has continued at the firm ever since.
From to Mr. Hutt was Chief Counsel for the Food and Drug Administration. Thirdly, the FDA presented a number of contemporaneous legislator statements supporting FDA's policy, and argued that an inference could be drawn that Congress's amendment of the ODA to authorize the FDA to require a showing of clinical superiority before recognizing orphan-drug exclusivity was a ratification of FDA's policy [ Disputes over brand-name drug exclusivity, such as 5-year New Chemical Entity ("NCE") and 3-year new clinical investigation exclusivity, were more common in the first decade or so following the enactment of the Hatch-Waxman Amendments (see, e.g., Glaxo, Inc.
Heckler, F. Supp. 69 (E.D.N.C. ); Abbott Labs, Inc. Young, F. * [email protected] includes information about drugs, including biological products, approved for human use in the United States (see FAQ), but does not include information about FDA-approved products regulated by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (for example, vaccines, allergenic products, blood and blood products, plasma derivatives, cellular and gene therapy products).
On J FDA published a notice in the Federal Register entitled: "Submission of Proposed Recommendations for Industry on Developing Continuous Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Drug Products in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing; Establishment of a Public Docket".
This notice relates to a workshop FDA hosted on the future of pharmaceutical manufacturing inwhere FDA had recommended. NEW DRUG APPLICATION (NDA) AND ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION (ANDA) SUBMISSION AND APPROVALS PRESENTED BY ANUSHA DACHA 11FJ1S M PHARMACY -1 ST YEAR 2 ND SEM DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS AND QA Lancaster, PA,p.
Orphan Drug Act ofPL Orphan Drug. AZT was designated an orphan drug despite its having generated billions of dollars of sales.
Initially, Congress had also restricted the exclusivity to drugs that could not be patented; this restriction was dropped in Thus, over time the Orphan Drug Act has become significantly more beneficial to the established U.S. drug manufacturers. The publication, Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (the List, commonly known as the Orange Book), identifies drug products approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act).Pharmaceuticals or Drugs on the market.
The process for developing new drug and biologic products is extraordinarily expensive and time-consuming. Although large pharmaceutical companies may be able to afford the cost of development because they can expect a large return on investment, organizations developing drugs to treat rare and neglected diseases are unable to rely on such returns.
Organize/manage submissions to health authorities, including IND/CTAs, IND/CTA amendments, NDAs/MAAs, Orphan Drug Application, Breakthrough Applications, safety reports, pre-meeting packages, and NDA post-approval submissions.
This position may have direct interaction with FDA representatives. Key Accountabilities/Core Job Responsibilities. The Orphan Drug Act, enabling the FDA to promote research and marketing of drugs needed for treating rare diseases, is passed.
The AIDS test for blood is approved by the FDA in its first major action to protect patients from infected donors. Sponsors with more than 10 orphan designations had a 31% FDA approval rate.
Overall, % of the sponsors that had 5 or more orphan designations accounted for % of the FDA approvals. After approval of the Orphan Drug Amendments ofthe average time from orphan designation to FDA approval was ± years (n = ). Drug Addiction Report.
You're going to discover so many things on addiction with little effort Not only will you discover the thrill of breaking free from your addiction, but you'll also learn extra bonus tips to actually help other people This new breakthrough book is a guide, really. This act offers tax incentives and exclusive marketing rights for seven years The Drug ition and Patent Term Restoration Act.
Drug Abuse Control Amendments were the effective precursor of the Drug Abuse Control Act. These amendments provided the first guidelines for determining the classifications of drugs subject to abuse. Medical Device Act established safety and efficacy requirements for medical devices and lab products.
Orphan Drug Act established. Organize/manage submissions to health authorities, including IND/CTAs, IND/CTA amendments, NDAs/MAAs, Orphan Drug Application, Breakthrough Applications, safety reports, pre-meeting packages, and NDA post-approval submissions. This position may have direct interaction with FDA representatives.
Key Accountabilities/Core Job Responsibilities:Work Location: Sunnyvale, California.On Septemthe President signed into law the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act ( Amendments). The Amendments require that FDA, among other things, make publicly available a list of approved drug products with monthly supplements.
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations.Orphan drug status serves to lower the investment barrier, while raising the expected returns, thus providing a more favorable NPV than a drug without orphan status.
C) Market exclusivity other than Orphan Drug Status. Naltrexone (as ReVia), clozapine, and Nicorette were given varying lengths of post-approval market exclusivity.


Which is harder; a toddler or a baby?
But toddlers throw Megabloks at you as you cry.
Which is tougher; a toddler or a baby?
There's really no telling them apart.
Which is more draining; a toddler or a baby?
Newborn sleep-deprivation had me looking like shite.
Which is more difficult; a toddler or a baby?
There's just no easy way to distinguish.
I need my bathroom time to weep and eat biscuits.
Which is more testing; a toddler or a baby?
No wonder I turned to the gin.
So which is the winner; the toddler or the baby?
We deserve a f@*king medal just for being a mum.
Fab! Afraid I couldn't help you out with an answer: I don't know whether a toddler or a baby's harder. But I do know that having a toddler AND a baby's pure insanity!
No answer here either :-/ but somehow you do suddenly realise it has got easier.
Ha! So what you're saying is… Kill myself now. Duly noted. *downs gin* lol!


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Stan has announced a new partnership with Roxy Jacenko, the Sydney-based business leader and author, who will be a brand ambassador for Stan over the next 12 months.
Stan has today announced that its breakout hit comedy series SMILF will return for a second season.
Stan has announced that its powerful new Stan Original Series Romper Stomper will premiere exclusively on Stan on New Years Day.
Stan has announced that the brand new Stan Original comedy series, No Activity, based on Stan's first ever Original Series, will premiere on Monday, November 20.


text:
Q: Mapping of an open interval under Lipschitz function Let $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a Lipschitz function with Lipschitz constant $A$. We  want to show that for any finite open interval $I=(a,b)$, $f(I)$ is contained in an open interval $J=(c,d)$ such that
$$ d-c \leq A(b-a).$$
The only difficulty of this problem is the fact that the interval $J$ must be open. Changing the endpoints of any half-open or closed interval would definitely change its length. How can we handle this problem?

A: Define $x_m := (a+b)/2$ and $y_m := f(x_m)$. Then
$|x -x_m | < (b-a)/2 $ for all $x \in I$.
What can you conclude about $|f(x) - y_m|$, using the Lipschitz
condition?
This gives you a suitable open interval $J = (c, d)$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


But bargain aside it was also my idea of breakfast heaven, making it high time I set about baking my own. The recipe is, of course, infuriating for any home baker: "Using the scraps from the croissant dough..."—like we've all got a kilo of that lying around—but since I'd a botched block of Danish dough doing just that I smugly set about filling my tin.
Using scraps/strips of dough, start by laying a few in the base of a buttered loaf pan. Sprinkle over a little sugar and cinnamon, then repeat the layering and sprinkling until the pan is two-thirds full. Cover the pan with cling film or cloth and leave to prove for 1 hr, or until the dough springs back a little when pushed (it will look puffed but still a bit tight).
Whisk together the yolk and milk/water and use to brush the top of the loaf. Bake in an oven preheated to 200°C for around 60 min, until golden and baked through. Check the loaf after 30 minutes and reduce the temperature if beginning to brown too quickly. Leave to cool in the pan for 10 minutes before turning out onto a wire rack to cool completely. Best eaten still-warm on the day it is made (or toasted).


text:
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <errno.h>
#include <iostream>

#include "utils.h"
#include "msgq.h"
#include "byte_stream.h"
#include "debug_utils.h"
#include "svr_reactor_facade.h"
#include "cli.h"
#include "CWWLog2.h"
#include "mqdatagram.h"
#include "c2cplatform/library/pptools/paipai_tools.h"

const int CLEAN_HANDLE_STEP  = 100;
const int CLEAN_HANDLE_MAX   = 1024;
const uint32_t KEEPALIVE_CMDID = 0xf0000000;
const uint32_t    LARGE_RCVBUF_LEN             = 5242880; // 5M

//log control
const char* NO_DEBUG_NETIO_FLAG   = "/data/applog/netio/no_debug";
const char* NO_NOTIFY_NETIO_FLAG  = "/data/applog/netio/no_notify";
const char* NO_PERFORM_NETIO_FLAG = "/data/applog/netio/no_perform";
const char* NO_KEY_NETIO_FLAG     = "/data/applog/netio/no_key";
const char* NO_STAT_NETIO_FLAG    = "/data/applog/netio/no_stat";

typedef std::map<uint32_t, CTcpHandleBase*> MapConsIdHandle;

MapConsIdHandle g_mapIdTcpHandle;

static uint32_t dwTotalNum = 0;
std::list<struct timeval> g_lStartTime;
std::list<struct timeval> g_lEndTime;
std::list<uint32_t> g_lConsumedTime;

uint32_t gTotalNum = 200000;

uint32_t m_dwPid = 0;

extern uint32_t g_dwPkgSize;
extern uint32_t g_dwPkgNum;
extern std::string g_sSvrIP;
extern uint32_t g_dwSvrIp;
extern uint32_t g_dwPort;
extern bool g_bLog;

char szInfoBuf[1024];
char *pBuf = NULL;

struct timeval stStartTime, stEndTime;

using namespace c2cplatform::library::pptools;

////////////////////////
// class CApp
CApp::CApp()
: m_bInit(false)
, m_iTcpSvrHandler(0)
, m_pReactor(NULL)
, m_pTCPNetHandler(NULL)
, m_iTopicMsgID(0)
, m_iNumInOneSec(1)
, m_dwSockChannel(0)
, m_iUDPSvrHandler(0)
, m_dwConnNum(0)
, m_dwMaxConnNum(0)
{
	memset(m_sBuffer, 0, sizeof(m_sBuffer));
	memset(m_arrTcpConn, 0, MAX_CONN_SIZE);
}

CApp::~CApp()
{
    if(m_bInit)
        fini();
}

int CApp::init(CReactor* pReactor)
{
    assert(pReactor);

    m_dwPid=getpid();

	pBuf = (char *)malloc(g_dwPkgSize + 1);
	memset(pBuf, 'A', g_dwPkgSize);
	pBuf[g_dwPkgSize] = '\0';

    ///////////////////////////// Init Server ////////////////////////////
    m_pReactor = pReactor;

    // Register User Action  ÒԴ˶ÔÏó¸ºÔðagentÍøÂç'þµÄ´¦Àí
    m_pReactor->RegisterUserEventHandler(this);

	m_pTCPNetHandler = new CTcpHandleBase(8 * 1024 * 1024, 8 * 1024 * 1024);
	m_pTCPNetHandler->Initialize(m_pReactor,  this, false);

    CTimeValue tvInterval_clear(1, 0);
    m_pReactor->RegisterTimer(m_iTopicMsgID,   this,    tvInterval_clear,    0);

    m_bInit = true;

    return 0;
}

int CApp::Conn2ServerWithRetry(CTcpHandleBase* pTcpHandleBase,const std::string &sSvrIP,uint16_t wSvrPort)
{
    C2C_WW_LOG("Try to connect to server, IP:[%s] Port:[%u]",sSvrIP.c_str(),wSvrPort);
    int iRetryTimes=1;//ÖØÊÔ´ÎÊý
    for(int i=0; i<iRetryTimes; i++)
    {
        if(0==m_pReactor->ConnectToServer(pTcpHandleBase, wSvrPort, sSvrIP.c_str(), 20000))
            return 0;
        else
            continue;
    }
    // itil±¨¾¯´úÂë	(ȱ!!!)

    snprintf(szInfoBuf, sizeof(szInfoBuf), "connect to server for %d times, still error. IP:[%s] Port:[%u] info[%s]"
    		,iRetryTimes,sSvrIP.c_str(),wSvrPort, m_pReactor->GetLastErrMsg());
	std::cout << szInfoBuf << std::endl;

    return -1;
}

int CApp::fini()
{
    assert(m_bInit);

    // Destroy Instances
	delete m_pTCPNetHandler;

    return 0;
}

/*
void CApp::runSvc()
{
    assert(m_bInit);
}
*/

int CApp::SendData(int iConnHandle,uint32_t dwSockChannel,const char* pSendBuf,uint32_t nBufLen)
{
    assert(m_bInit);

	CTcpHandleBase* pTcpHandler = m_arrTcpConn[iConnHandle];
	assert(pTcpHandler);

	if(pTcpHandler->GetUserHandle() != dwSockChannel)
	{
        C2C_WW_LOG_ERR(-1,"[ERROR] SockChannel not Match.");
		return -1;
	}

    C2C_WW_LOG("Send data to %s:%d", pTcpHandler->GetPeerHostIP().c_str(), pTcpHandler->GetPeerHostPort());

    return pTcpHandler->SendData(
        const_cast<char*>(pSendBuf),
        nBufLen);
}

int CApp::OnConnect(CTcpHandleBase* pTcpHandleBase,const char* pszPeerIP,unsigned short wPeerPort)
{
	assert(m_arrTcpConn[pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle()] == NULL);
	pTcpHandleBase->SetUserHandle(m_dwSockChannel++);
	m_arrTcpConn[pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle()] = pTcpHandleBase;
	m_arrTcpConnLastTime[pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle()] = static_cast<uint32_t>(time((time_t *)0));

	if (g_bLog)
	{
		snprintf(szInfoBuf, sizeof(szInfoBuf), "pid[%d] OnConnect from %s:%d, Sockfd = %d, SockChannel = %d, ConnNum = %d, Timestamp = %u"
			, getpid(), pTcpHandleBase->GetPeerHostIP().c_str(), pTcpHandleBase->GetPeerHostPort()
			, pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle(), pTcpHandleBase->GetUserHandle()
			, ++m_dwConnNum, m_arrTcpConnLastTime[pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle()]);
		std::cout << szInfoBuf << std::endl;
		std::cout << "sent buf: " << g_dwPkgSize << std::endl;
	}

	gettimeofday(&stStartTime, NULL);
//	g_lStartTime.push_back(stStartTime);
	int iRet = pTcpHandleBase->SendData(pBuf, g_dwPkgSize);
//	int iRet;
	if (0 != iRet)
	{
		std::cout << "sent error: " << iRet << std::endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

int CApp::OnClose(CTcpHandleBase* pTcpHandleBase)
{
	C2C_WW_LOG("pid[%d] OnClose from %s:%d, Sockfd = %d, SockChannel = %d, ConnNum = %d"
		, getpid(), pTcpHandleBase->GetPeerHostIP().c_str(), pTcpHandleBase->GetPeerHostPort()
		, pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle(), pTcpHandleBase->GetUserHandle(), --m_dwConnNum);

	assert(m_arrTcpConn[pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle()] != NULL);
    m_arrTcpConn[pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle()] = NULL;
	m_arrTcpConnLastTime[pTcpHandleBase->GetConnHandle()] = 0;

    MapConsIdHandle::iterator ite = g_mapIdTcpHandle.begin();
    for (; g_mapIdTcpHandle.end() != ite; ite ++)
    {
        if (ite->second == pTcpHandleBase)
        {
            g_mapIdTcpHandle.erase(ite->first);
        }
    }

    return 0;

}

int CApp::OnRecv(CTcpHandleBase* pTcpHandleBase,char* pBuffer,uint32_t nBufLen)//tcp£¬·¢Ë͸øcontainer(¹ÜµÀ)
{
	assert(pTcpHandleBase != NULL);
	assert(pBuffer != NULL);

	if(0 == nBufLen) // Error from DownLayer
	{
        C2C_WW_LOG_ERR(-1,"nBufLen == 0.");
		return -1;
	}

	C2C_WW_LOG("pid[%d] OnRecv from %s:%d, pkglen:%u"
		, getpid(), pTcpHandleBase->GetPeerHostIP().c_str(), pTcpHandleBase->GetPeerHostPort()
		, nBufLen);

	gettimeofday(&stEndTime, NULL);
	g_lEndTime.push_back(stEndTime);

	uint32_t dwTime = (stEndTime.tv_sec - stStartTime.tv_sec) * 1000000 + (stEndTime.tv_usec - stStartTime.tv_usec);

	if (g_bLog)
	{
		printf("EndTime(%lu:%lu) - StartTime(%lu:%lu)  = %u\n", stEndTime.tv_sec, stEndTime.tv_usec
					, stStartTime.tv_sec, stStartTime.tv_usec
					, dwTime);
	}
	g_dwPkgNum --;

	g_lConsumedTime.push_back(dwTime);

	if (g_dwPkgNum == 0)
	{
		uint32_t i = 0;
		uint32_t dwTotalTime = 0;
		while (!g_lConsumedTime.empty())
		{
			dwTotalTime += g_lConsumedTime.front();
			i ++;
			g_lConsumedTime.pop_front();
		}

		if (0 == i)
		{
			printf("ave time is: 0\n");
		}else
		{
			printf("ave time is: %u/%u = %u\n", dwTotalTime, i, dwTotalTime / i);
		}
		exit(1);
	}

	gettimeofday(&stStartTime, NULL);

    return pTcpHandleBase->SendData(pBuf, g_dwPkgSize);

	return 0;
}

int CApp::OnSend(CTcpHandleBase* pTcpHandleBase)
{
    // Send remains data in CTcpHandleBase's send buffer
    return pTcpHandleBase->SendData();
}

int CApp::CheckEvent(void* pvParam)
{
	return 0;
}

uint32_t IncMsgSeq()
{
    uint32_t dwSeq = time(NULL) - m_dwPid * (rand()%12289);

    dwSeq = ((dwSeq << 16) & 0xFFFF0000) | 0x1 << 8 | 0x1;

    return dwSeq;
}

int CApp::OnTimer(int iTimerId)
{
    if (m_iTopicMsgID == iTimerId)
    {
		 if (0 != Conn2ServerWithRetry(m_pTCPNetHandler, g_sSvrIP, g_dwPort))
		 {
			 return -1;
		 }
		 snprintf(szInfoBuf, sizeof(szInfoBuf), "connect to server ok. IP:[%s] Port:[%u]"
				 , g_sSvrIP.c_str(),g_dwPort);
		 std::cout << szInfoBuf << std::endl;
		 m_pReactor->UnregisterTimer(iTimerId);
    }

    return 0;
}

int CApp::OnEventFire(void* e)
{
    return 0;
}

int CApp::OnRecvFrom(int iServerHandle,char* pBuffer,uint32_t nBufLen,unsigned int uiPeerHost,
	unsigned short wPeerPort,int iFlag)//udp£¬·¢Ë͸øcontainer(¹ÜµÀ)
{
    return 0;
}

int CApp::StopRun()
{
    std::cout << "Num of packages sent is :" << dwTotalNum << std::endl;
    sleep(1);
    exit(0);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The main objective that motivated this research was to analyze the formation process of marketing strategies in the newspaper Correio da Paraiba in the period from 1991 to 2010. The research sets a qualitative kind, descriptive and is a single case study. The research scenario was the newspaper Correio da Paraiba, which covered six interviewed, three from top management (CEO, superintendent and executive director) and three from mid-level directors (marketing director, commercial director and managing editor). In the data collection was mainly used the semi-structured interview technique, as well as direct observation. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed for qualitative data analysis and the observations were made through field notes. Data analysis involved the description and interpretation of different aspects of the phenomenon investigated. Four critical events and strategic phases of the newspaper were identified. The results said that the context alternated moments of external and internal turbulence. Over the period studied, strategic changes were identified, mostly, due to the action of the external environment factors, such as politics, economy and society, as well as an adaptive cycle due to the advent of a new technology. It was realized that the constant adjustment of marketing strategies to external factors, as a response to threats, the newspaper featured into a reactive company. Internally, there was a change in power relations, where it had previously isolated groups who did not share ideas and information, now there is integration with a goal of a greater good, the newspaper. It was confirmed the essential role of leaders where, in a first moment, there was the superintendent forming strategies and making decisions. Later there was the division of power between the superintendent and the executive director, where both gave autonomy to the mid-level boards form their own strategies for their respective divisions, since they were aligned with the general directives of the top management. Marketing strategies have been identified in order to launch new products, segmenting them, place them and promote their sales. Because this is the business area that keeps the contact between the company and the external environment, something perceived by the leadership of the newspaper, marketing has grown in importance and many of these strategies that added for the company to become market leader, were created by the department. It was observed that the mode of formation of the marketing strategies of the newspaper occurred in two stages, and in the first half of the researched time was the entrepreneurial type and the second half was the umbrella and imposed types. Contributions of this study: it is important to have an understanding on the part of the managers about the internal and external context in which they are inserted, because they can guide the organization to obtain or maintain competitive advantage; the managers participation in the management of internal conflicts is critical to business success; the expansion of knowledge about the strategy formation process is a source of competitive advantage, because only the very organization known as the competence of its people and their own capabilities are interrelated and, consequently, is more difficult for competitors trying to play things inherent to each company.


Solved: How to recover deleted remote branch?
How to recover deleted remote branch?
I accidentally deleted a remote branch and would like to recover it. I haven't made any commits to it but someone else has. Is there any way this is possible?
That person has to push their local to the remote again.
Okay, great, thanks for replying! What if the other person has deleted their local branch?
So if everybody removes their local repo there is no way to recover a remotely deleted branch?
This article is marked as only applicable for Bitbucket Cloud. Is that true?
In BitBucket A branch is created from master branch. B branch is created from A branch. if A branch is deleted accidently, Can I restore A branch ? * I am working with B branch..


Simon Guerrier (Author) Simon Guerrier is co-author of Whographica and The Scientific Secrets of Doctor Who for BBC Books, and has written countless Doctor Who books, comics, audio plays and documentaries. In 2016, Simon was a guest on Front Row and The Infinite Monkey Cage on Radio 4, and with his brother Thomas, makes films and documentaries – most recently John Ruskin's Eurythmic Girls. Christel Dee (Author) Christel Dee is a cosplayer, convention enthusiast and long-time Whovian. She previously hosted Doctor Who: The Fan Show and is now part of Doctor Who's digital marketing team. She writes regular cosplay features for Doctor Who Magazine and is a member of their Time Team panel. In 2017, she contributed cosplay tips to Doctor Who: Paper Dolls for BBC Books. Ben Morris (Illustrator) Ben Morris has illustrated for Radio Times, Sunday Times and The Scotsman, and is a regular contributor to Doctor Who Magazine. He has created dozens of character icons and puzzles for Doctor Who Adventures. For BBC Books he has illustrated Who-ology (2013), Wit, Wisdom and Timey Wimey Stuff - The Quotable Doctor Who (2014) and Time Trips (2015).


Asplenium Nidus or Bird's nest fern is a non-toxic houseplant. Bright light without direct sunlight should be provided.
However, providing some direct sunlight is great for the Bird's nest fern to grow well, but you need to only provide some morning or a small amount of pre-sunset.


text:
Another Divine appointment? Buffalo bus driver saves suicidal woman
Published by Dean Smith
His co-workers call him "Big Country" because he is a "big man with a big heart." Darnell Barton is a bus driver in Buffalo, New York. On August 18, 2013, he was transporting a couple dozen teenagers from McKinley High School. While crossing a bridge on the Scajaquada Expressway, Darnell noticed a woman had climbed over the guard rail on the overpass and was standing on a small ledge leaning out over the highway below. Darnell, 37, knew the woman in her 20s was contemplating suicide. He immediately stopped his bus in the middle of traffic, opened his bus door and called out the woman: "Miss you all right? Ma'am are you ok? Are you ok?" You can watch the rescue recorded on the bus video camera at the end of the article. Advertisements
News / Testimony
Is it really a "fossil" fuel?
The phrase "fossil fuel" implies oil is a product of hundreds of millions of years of vegetation and animal decay. Oil becomes proof of the theory of evolution. It is further argued that since oil is a fossil fuel, there is a limited amount and once it's gone, it is gone. However, this theory took a major hit on January 14, 2005. That was the day, the Cassini-Huygens satellite scanned Titan, a moon of Saturn, and found massive quantities methane — literally lakes of methane.
Apologetics / News / z44
Iranian Christians sentenced to 80 lashes for drinking communion wine
On October 6, four Iranian men were sentenced to 80 lashes each for drinking ceremonial wine as part of a communion service in their local house church. Alcohol is forbidden under Iran's sharia law which governs the justice system and the death penalty is an option for any Muslim who converts to Christianity. Last December, Behzad Taalipasand, Mehdi Rez Omidi (Youhan), Mehdi Dadkhah (Danial) and Amir Hatemi (Youhanna) were attending a house church in Rasht, Iran, when the meeting was raided by Iranian police. According to sources, the portion of their name in brackets represents their Biblical names.
News / Persecution / z55
Christian woman makes stunning offer to thief
Jessica Eaves is a mother of four. She is also a Christian and leads an outreach team for First Christian Church in Guthrie, Oklahoma. In early October 2013, Jessica was shopping at a Guthrie grocery store when she noticed her wallet had disappeared. She knew someone had stolen it. Her only suspect was a man who passed her moments earlier.
News / Testimonial / Testimony / Women
Duck Dynasty men encounter the sexual temptations packaged with fame
The men of Duck Dynasty were recently interviewed in the October issue of Men's Journal. In the interview, they shared some of the temptations associated with their sudden rise to fame. A&E's Duck Dynasty is the hottest reality show in the U.S. This past spring, its third season debut show had 8.6 million viewers, the largest in A&E's history. Phil Robertson and his wife Kay started Duck Commander — a duck call manufacturer — that is the theme of the show. The business is now run by Phil's sons. All the Robertsons, save one, sport full blown beards. And all are God-fearing men, born-again and very family oriented. But the sudden fame associated with the show has brought with it temptation.
News / Testimony / z44
Was it a Unicorn or a frolicking Elasmotherium?
"He makes them also to skip like a calf: Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn." Psalm 29:6 KJV The unicorn is a horse-like creature with a single long horn protruding from its forehead. It is a myth, yet here it is mentioned in the King James Bible, not only once but nine times in five different books. Even God spoke about unicorns in Job 39:10. Atheists use these verses to mock the Bible. But when you look at the Biblical references to unicorn, a completely different impression of the animal emerges: God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce [them] through with his arrows. Numbers 24:8 KJ The unicorn metaphorically portrays power (see also Numbers 23:22 and Psalms 22:21). It was a powerful beast capable of breaking bones and destroying enemies. However, if an ancient king used our modern unicorn to depict his strength, at best it would produce a …
Apologetics / Main / z113 / z44
Marriage helps beat colon cancer
A study conducted in 2011 showed marriage helps individuals beat colon cancer. Colon Cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer in the U.S. Researchers from Penn State's College of Medicine and Brigham Young University followed 127,753 patients with colon cancer and discovered a married person had 14% better survival rate. Researchers calculated out any other factors that could contribute to better results such as earlier diagnostic and more aggressive treatment that would lead to better results.
Family / News / z44
Forgiveness is not a contradiction
In many ways, the Bible seems like a book of opposites. In the Old Testament law it was an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. But in the New Testament, Jesus said we must forgive those who do you wrong. These two views are so extreme, they seem almost irreconciable. Yet the sad story of the senseless murder of Brian Muha best explains this paradox. Brian was attending school at Franciscan University in Steubenville, Ohio, where he planned to become a doctor. He had returned home to briefly to visit Rachel, his mother, and was heading back for summer classes.
Bible / Teaching / z44 / z52
Did the Shroud of Turin add radiation to its list of mysteries?
UPDATED (Feb 24, 2014): I have followed the Shroud of Turin controversy with interest. But recently came across a scripture that reveals the Shroud is in fact a forgery. In fact, it was reformer John Calvin (1509 – 1564) who first pointed out the problem. While the Shroud of Turin involves one piece of cloth, John Calvin says Christ's burial cloth was made up of multiple pieces of linen. The Gospel of John reads: And so Simon Peter also *came, following him, and entered the tomb; and he *saw the linen wrappings lying there, and the face-cloth which had been on His head, not lying with the linen wrappings, but rolled up in a place by itself. (John 20: 6-7 NASV) So Jesus' head was wrapped in a separate piece of linen. It was not one piece like the Shroud of Turin. Calvin said so "either St. John is a liar" or those promoting the shroud as the burial cloth of Christ are.
Apologetics / News
Court orders Christians to quit using Allah to refer to Jehovah
On October 14, 2013, a Malaysian court ordered Christians and other non muslims to quit using Allah when referring to God. For Christians this included its usage in church services, worship songs and even scripture. The court added that only Muslims would be allowed to use Allah. Islam is the predominate religion in Malaysia making up 61% of the population. It is also the country's official religion. The court case involved a Catholic publication called The Herald that used Allah to reference God in its articles — a policy Muslims aggressively opposed. In 2009, The Herald was taken to court to force it to stop using Allah. The Herald won that court challenge. However, the case was appealed and recently overturned. The Herald says it will probably appeal. Most western Christians are shocked believers would use Allah to describe our Biblical God. But the issue is not as simple as it appears on the surface.
Bible / News / Religious / Teaching
What is going on in the U.S. military?
Fox News columnist Todd Starnes wrote a disturbing column about a phone call he received from a soldier attending a briefing at Camp Shelby in Mississippi during the first week of October. Those attending were told by the instructor the American Family Association (AFA) — a respected Christian ministry which believes in family values — is in fact a hate group similar to the KKK and Neo-Nazis. The soldier, who is an evangelical, even forwarded Starnes a photo of one of the slides which labelled the AFA a "domestic hate group."
News / Persecution
Sir Isaac Newton predicted world would end in 2060 AD
Most know Sir Isaac Newton as the father of modern science. Newton who died in 1727 is considered among the world's most influential scientists. He formulated the law of gravity and the law of motion thereby explaining the movement of the planets, moons and stars due to gravitational pull of larger bodies. It radically transformed man's approach to astronomy. But Newton was also an ardent Christian and had a tremendous interest in end-times theology. He spent hours researching the Bible on the second coming of Jesus Christ. This curious side of Newton was unveiled in a display of Newton's writings at the University of Jerusalem entitled "Newton's Secrets." It was an odd combination — Hebrew scholars analyzing Christian prophecy. A truckload of Newton's writings and letters — located in the house of the Earl of Portsmouth one of Newton's heirs — was auctioned off in 1936. English economist John Maynard Keynes purchased the document and then willed them to King's college in England and to Abraham Shalom Yahuda, a Jewish Oriental studies scholar. The later bequeathed …
Apologetics / Bible / End times / Teaching / z / z53
Mennonite couple suing for religious freedom in the U.S.
Dick and Betty Odgaard own Gortz Haus Gallery in Grimes, Iowa. Their business — located in an old Lutheran church — contains a bistro, floral and framing shop and as well a wedding chapel that has proven popular for marriage ceremonies. Unfortunately, the two were recently forced to launch a lawsuit to preserve their religious freedom — a bizarre action considering the U.S. was founded by people seeking religious freedom. In August 2013, Lee Stafford and his partner Jarrod approached the Odgaards about renting their wedding facilty for a same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriages were legalized in Iowa in 2009. The Odgaards are committed Mennonites and the couple refused citing their religious beliefs.
God is booking appointments for you
Antoinette Tuff had an appointment and so did Esther. Both had an appointment where God allowed their paths to cross with people in desperate situations. In the book of Esther, we read about a young Jewish woman God raised up to save the Israelites from genocide during their captivity in Persia. After the Persian King's first wife fell out of favour, Esther was selected the next Queen because of her beauty. When a plot to exterminate the Jews was uncovered, Queen Esther was in a unique position to do something to stop it. But she was terrified, as approaching the King unannounced could result in her execution.
Bible / News / Teaching / Testimony
Did City of Toronto taxpayers pay for Jihadi mural?
TORONTO, CANADA: City taxpayers in Toronto are up in arms after discovering their taxes paid for a mural which even muslims say depicts a Jihadi war cry. Jihad is a holy war which is considered the sacred duty of muslims and is the basis of much of the conflict with Muslim extremists today. The two-storey mural is located on a building housing a mosque. Toronto city hall contributed $17,000 to the project initiated by a woman's immigration group in the city. The controversy surrounds the large Arabic words which quote a verse from the Qur'an (chapter 61:13). The verse speaks of Allah's blessing and promise of victory over the infidels.
News / Religious
Man walking to church rescues man being beaten by a pack of bikers
MANHATTEN: While Sergio Consuegra was on his way to church Sunday morning, September 29, 2013, he saw a stalled black SUV being swarmed by enraged bikers. Inside was driver Alexian Lien, his wife and baby. The couple were driving in Manhatten on their anniversary when they came upon a large group of motorcyclists. After inadvertently hitting the back tire of one of the bikes — which had slowed down in front of the SUV — Lien's stopped vehicle was quickly surrounded by angry bikers, some who were off their bikes and approaching the SUV. Terrified, Lien stepped on the gas to escape and ran over some of the bikes, severely hurting one of the bikers.
Marriage on the rocks in England
Marriage is under attack around the world. Here are a few facts reflecting marriage and divorce trends in England. These stats are probably similar to those found in many developed nations. Did you know more people were married in the UK in 1862 than were married in 2011. 1862 was the first year records were kept of England's marriage rates. in 1996, there were 1.6 million people between the ages of 45-62 living alone. By 2012, that number had increased to 2.4 million — an 800,000 increase.
Family / News / z46 / z55
Study: When Planned Parenthood shut down, teen pregnancies also went down
Planned Parenthood with its explicit sex education program and abortion facilities concerns many parents. When Planned Parenthood's sex ed programs are implemented in schools, the sex talk can start as early as kindergarten and are in full swing by the middle years. Many argue that kids are not emotionally ready to handle these type of explicit discussions. Opponents also suggest the material puts inordinate pressure on teens to have sex, whether they want to or not. Those in favour of Planned Parenthood's agenda toss these concerns aside saying teens are going to have sex anyway. Well a recent study of statistics produced by the Texas Department of State Health Services for its Vital Statistics Annual Report provides a stunning rebuttal to these claims by Planned Parenthood supporters.
Family / News
The consequences of "time poverty" in single parent families
A study conducted in Sweden in 2002, presented a disturbing picture of the struggle facing single parents. The study — released in a medical journal called The Lancet in January 2003 — reported children in single parent families were: Twice as likely to have "psychiatric disease" Twice as likely to attempt or commit suicide Up to Four times as likely to abuse alcohol and drugs (boys four times, girls three times) The study compared the medical and death records of 65,000 children from single parent families with 920,000 children from two-parent families between 1985 and 1990.
Shocking number of Americans believe we have entered the end times
In July 2013, James F. Fitzgerald, author of The 9/11 Prophecy — Startling Evidence of the End Times, commissioned a poll to find out if Americans believe the world has entered the end times. Fitzgerald said he was stunned by the results. According to the poll conducted by the Barna Group, 41% of Americans believe we have entered what Bible teachers have popularized as the "end times" and what the Bible describes as as the "Latter Days" (Hosea 3:5) or the "Day of the Lord" (Ezekiel 30:3). This percentage included the views of all Americans — religious and not.
News / Religious / z55
Gay activists fail to derail evangelistic crusade in Iceland
When gay activists in Iceland discovered Franklin Graham — son of Billy Graham — was planning an evangelistic crusade September 28-29, 2013 in Reykjavik their capital city, the activists rose up in opposition. The Franklin crusade was part of the Festival of Hope sponsored by the Billy Graham Association and 41 Icelandic churches. The activists were disturbed because of Franklin Graham's position on Gay marriage. When President Obama publicly supported gay marriage in 2012, Franklin Graham issued a release calling it a "sad day for America." Gay marriage has been legal in Iceland since 2010. Though the crusade was free, the Festival of Hope committee allowed people to reserve tickets online for the event being held at Reykjavik's Laugardalsholl arena.
News / Persecution / Religious
Did a Dutch researcher discover evidence of God's promise to Abraham?
When God called Abraham to leave the ancient city of Ur to found a new country, it promised to be a perilous journey. Abraham would encounter a wide range of peoples — some who would be friendly, others his foes and many indifferent. God knowing Abraham's concerns made a promise to His patriarch: And I will bless those who bless you, And the one who curses you I will curse. And in you all the families of the earth will be blessed." (Genesis 12:3 NASV) It was an interesting verse as God promised to bless those who blessed Abraham. It's a promise I believe not only follows the physical descendants of Abraham, but his spiritual ones as well — those grafted into the root (Romans 11: 11-24).
Bible / News / Studies / Teaching
Marriage fights cancer
According to a study conducted by Harvard University, a person's chances of surviving cancer increases by 20% simply by being married. The researchers went one step further and stated marriage was more effective than chemotherapy in fighting certain types of cancer — such as breast and colon cancer. A report of their findings was published in the Journal of Clinical Onoclogy in September 2013. Dr. Ayal Aizer of the Harvard Radiation Oncology Program said "Our data suggests that marriage can have a significant health benefit for patients with cancer, and this was consistent among every cancer we reviewed."
Family / Studies / z60

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Crystal Paine from Money Saving Mom for her Clutter Busting Challenge!
Hi all! I'm back to give the results of Day 2!
For the 31 Days to Clean I cleaned out and wiped down my fridge. I would have done the freezer, but Hubs wasn't home yet and it goes so much faster (and more fun!) when we tackle it together. Plus we cleaned out the freezer about a month ago, so I don't think it's too gross.
Then I wiped down the doors, the water/ice dispenser, especially the door handles! Yikes!
How much were you able to get rid of?


Are these sentences correct under the temporal reading of "since"
Tony has been happy since he has visited the Cape.
Tony has been happy since he has been to the Cape.
Tony has been happy since he has gone to the Cape.
I am a student of linguistics from China. I am studying the usage of "since" in clauses and its interaction with Perfect and Imperfective. However, I am not a native speaker, so I'm seeking your helps on grammaticality of these sentences. Any responese will be appreciated, thx a lot!
Tony has been happy since he visited / was at / went to the Cape.-- This suggests temporal 'since'.
Thank you for your reply, Mister Micawber!
I am sorry that I haven't stated it clearly in my post. What I am intending to ask is that "Are these sentences correct under the temporal 'since' reading?" That is to say, we should rule out the causal reading of 'since'.
They are 'correct', but the usage is rare. Most grammarians would correct to the simple past, since they all refer to past events.
IC. Some more questions. If we can say the 2nd sentence in normal situations, then what does it mean?
before the period in which Tony was happy, he went to the Cape, but when it comes to the period in which Tony was happy, he was back and was not in the Cape any more?
I haven't the patience to read through that thread, but all those members in the discussion are reasonably perceptive members of our community. It should be obvious to you that the precise meanings often cannot be nailed down without doubt when the statement is out of context.
Tony has been happy since he has been to the Cape = 'Tony went to the cape; from that time until now he has been happy'. That is all we can read from the sentence as it stands.


text:
76-100 of 148 results
Wax, Darold D. "The Image of the Negro in the 'Maryland Gazette,' 1745-75." Journalism Quarterly 46 (1969): 73-80.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century
Wicek, William M. "The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America." William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 34 (1977): 258-80.
Categories: African American, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Windley, Lathan A., comp. Runaway Slave Advertisements: A Documentary History from the 1730s to 1790. 4 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983.
Categories: African American, Family History and Genealogy, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century
Wright, James M. The Free Negro in Maryland, 1634-1860. Vol. 917, no. 3. Columbia University Studies in History. New York: Columbia University, 1921.
Categories: African American, Family History and Genealogy, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Browne, Gary L. "Milling, Mining and Milking: The Evolution of Harford County." Harford Historical Bulletin 48 (Spring 1991): 46-54.
Categories: African American, Agriculture, County and Local History, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Transportation and Communication, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Harford County
Crook, Mary Charlotte. "Hyattstown, a Roadside Town Preserved." The Montgomery County Story 29 (May 1986): 207-220.
Categories: African American, Architecture, Historic Preservation, and Town Planning, County and Local History, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Military, Music and Theater, Religion, Transportation and Communication, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Montgomery County
Erickson, Marie Anne. "Libertytown." Historical Society of Frederick County Journal [3] (Summer 1994): 3-4.
Categories: African American, County and Local History, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century, Frederick County
Capper, John, Garrett Power, and Frank Shivers. Chesapeake Waters: Pollution, Public Health and Public Opinion, 1602-1972. Centreville, MD: Tidewater Publishers, 1983.
Categories: African American, County and Local History, Environment, Ethnic History, Medicine, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Transportation and Communication, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century, Chesapeake Region
Wennersten, John R. "Soil Miners Redux: The Chesapeake Environment, 1680-1810." Maryland Historical Magazine 91 (Summer 1996): 156-79.
Categories: African American, County and Local History, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Environment, Ethnic History, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century
Lemire, Elise Virginia. Making Miscegenation: Discourses of Interracial Sex and Marriage in the United States, 1790-1865. Ph.D. diss., Rutgers The State University of New Jersey-New Brunswick, 1996.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Stowell, Marion Barber. Early American Almanacs: The Colonial Weekday Bible. New York: Burt Franklin, 1977.
Annotation / Notes: References to Marylanders, especially Benjamin Banneker.
Categories: African American, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Eighteenth Century
Pearl, Susan G. "Opera in Prince George's County: From 1752 to 1984." News and Notes from the Prince George's County Historical Society 12 (December 1984): 49-50.
Categories: African American, Fine and Decorative Arts, Music and Theater, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century, Prince George's County
Faust, Page T. "Keeping History Alive at Sotterly Plantation." Chronicles of St. Mary's 46 (Winter 1998): 338-39.
Categories: African American, Architecture, Historic Preservation, and Town Planning, Education, Historical Organizations, Libraries, Reference Works, Military, Eighteenth Century, Twentieth Century, St. Mary's County
Faust, Page T. "Revolutionary War Museums and Sites of Maryland." Maryland Humanities (Summer 2001): 25.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Historical Organizations, Libraries, Reference Works, Military, Science and Technology, Eighteenth Century, Twentieth Century, Anne Arundel County, Baltimore County, Frederick County, Harford County, Washington County
Anderson, Thornton. "Eighteenth-Century Suffrage: The Case of Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 76 (Summer 1981): 141-58.
Annotation / Notes: A study of the demographic data in Maryland's tax lists of the early national period with a focus on voter eligibility rather than voting records. The legal background of the voting franchise and earlier studies of suffrage in Maryland are also examined.
Categories: African American, Politics and Law, Eighteenth Century
Bogen, David S. "The Maryland Context of 'Dred Scott:' The Decline in the Legal Status of Maryland Free Blacks 1776-1810." American Journal of Legal History 34 (October 1990): 381-411.
Annotation / Notes: An analysis of the destruction of legal rights of free blacks in Maryland from 1776-1810, and its influence on the author of the U.S. Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision, Maryland's Roger B. Taney. Though the Constitution did not mention race, Chief Justice Taney denied the existence of citizenship for slaves and free blacks in 1857, by declaring that to be the original intent of the Constitution's framers in 1787.
Categories: African American, Politics and Law, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Phillips, Christopher. Freedom's Port: The African American Community of Baltimore, 1790-1860. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.
Annotation / Notes: Baltimore had the largest southern Free African American community prior to the Civil War. Finding complex pattern of manumissions, where many slaves were manumitted only after completing a term of work or after being hired out, Phillips shows that the Free African American population of Baltimore exploded after 1820. Initially little more than a collection of transients in an urban slave culture, Baltimore's Free African Americans worked through benevolent associations, fraternal groups, churches and schools to create a remarkably cohesive community by 1850. Because of such strong attachments, the community was able to resist racially motivated attacks, recurring economic panics and recessions which undercut their job opportunities, and competition from new immigrant groups. By the 1850s, however, the proportion of Free African American living in Baltimore declined, increasing numbers left the city itself, and the community was less able to protect itself than before. Nonetheless, compared to other southern cities, Baltimore's Free African American community was not divided internally by color or affluence, and was able to offer a more united front once slavery was eradicated.
Categories: African American, Politics and Law, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Baltimore City
Phillips, Christopher. "Practices in Maryland, 1681-1837." Journal of the Early Republic 19 (Spring 1999): 15-42.
Annotation / Notes: A case study of Maryland as colony and state to determine why some states adopted the penitentiary earlier than others; whether the rise of the penitentiary was a revolutionary development; and whether the diverse paths to the penitentiary produced diverse forms. This study roots the development of the penitentiary in a regional and local context.
Categories: African American, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Politics and Law, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Guy, Anita Aidt. "The Maryland Abolition Society and the Promotion of the Ideals of the New Nation." Maryland Historical Magazine 84 (1989): 342-49.
Annotation / Notes: Guy traces the short history of the Maryland Society for the Promotion of Abolition. Established in 1789, the Society urged the abolition of slavery, less restrictive state manumission laws, and an end to the importation or exportation of slaves. Guy acknowledges that information about the Society and its members is limited, as is explanation for why it suddenly disappeared form the record in 1798.
Harte, Thomas J. "Social Origins of the Brandywine Population." Phylon 24 (1963): 369-378.
Annotation / Notes: Harte seeks to establish the eighteenth-century origins of a distinctive mixed race "Brandywine" population in Charles County, though he fails to explain this social identity for the general reader. He points to Maryland laws against miscegenation and cross-racial sexual relationships as indirect evidence that both had occurred in the colony and cites Charles County records for violations of those laws. The article provides less direct support for his contention that Native American ancestry may also have been involved in the mixed race unions. Harte concludes that isolated family groupings in the eighteenth century served as the basis of the identifiable Brandywine population in the county in the nineteenth century.
Categories: African American, Native American, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century, Charles County
Papenfuse, Eric Robert. "From Recompense to Revolution: Mahoney v. Ashton and the Transfiguration of Maryland Culture, 1791-1802." Slavery & Abolition 15 (December 1994): 38-62.
Annotation / Notes: The article examines the case of Charles Mahoney, who petitioned Maryland courts for his freedom from slavery in the 1790s. Tracing the intricate legal basis for the case, won initially, but lost on appeal, Papenfuse places it in the context of the cross-currents of revolutionary ideology-American and French-and fears about threats to the social order, such as those generated by slave revolts in Santo Domingo.
Categories: African American, Family History and Genealogy, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century
Hardy, Beatriz Betancourt. "Women and the Catholic Church in Maryland, 1689-1776." Maryland Historical Magazine 94 (Winter 1999): 396-418.
Annotation / Notes: A comparison of the experiences of two Catholic colonial women - Jane Doyne, an elite woman from the lower Western Shore, and Jenny, an enslaved woman on the Eastern Shore. Roman Catholicism was a significant part of their lives, and as women they served an important role in maintaining and transmitting the Catholic faith. However, their different status had an impact on their religious experiences.
Categories: African American, Religion, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Women, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century
Helmes, Winifred G., ed. Notable Maryland Women. Cambridge, MD: Tidewater Publishers and the Maryland Bicentennial Commission, 1977.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Education, Environment, Intellectual Life, Literature, and Publishing, Politics and Law, Religion, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Women, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century
Keisman, Jennifer. "The Platers and Sotterley." Chronicles of St. Mary's 43 (Winter 1995): 81-91.
Categories: General, African American, Family History and Genealogy, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Women, Eighteenth Century, Nineteenth Century, St. Mary's County
Virta, Alan. "Two Women of Prince George's County." News and Notes from the Prince George's County Historical Society, 21 (October 1993): 3-4.
Categories: African American, Biography, Autobiography, and Reminiscences, Economic, Business, and Labor History, Politics and Law, Society, Social Change, Folklife, and Popular Culture, Women, Seventeenth Century, Eighteenth Century, Anne Arundel County, Prince George's County


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News - AP-State
Florida zoo's penguin population increases by 5
A Florida zoo has announced the additions of two chicks and three adults to its Magellanic penguin group.
Tuesday, August 29th 2017, 9:00 AM EDT
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. (AP) - A Florida zoo has announced the additions of two chicks and three adults to its Magellanic penguin group.
The Florida Times-Union reports the first chick, whose gender is still unknown, hatched on July 30 at the Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens. Another chick hatched Aug. 7.
In a statement zoo officials said they're pleased that both chicks are being parent-raised, especially since previous two chicks had to be hand-reared by zookeepers. The chicks won't be on public exhibit until they're about three months old.
Officials are monitoring two more eggs.
Three adult penguins arrived at the zoo from the San Francisco Zoo and are currently on exhibit. The penguins are part of a breeding program.
Magellanic penguins are native to the southern coasts of Argentina and Chile.
Information from: The (Jacksonville) Florida Times-Union, http://www.jacksonville.com


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African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines
A review of the therapeutic characteristics of camel urine
Osama A. Alkhamees
Saud M. Alsanad
DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i6.12
Keywords: natural products, camel, urine, camel urine, medicinal properties
Background: The therapeutic use of camel urine has been known for centuries, with evidence of its use for medicinal purposes found in early folklore. It has been used to cure different diseases; however, the significant therapeutic benefits of urine have yet to undergo rigorous scientific evaluation. In this review, a summary of the scientific evidence that supports these therapeutic actions has been presented.
Materials and methods: A literature search of different electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify published studies exploring the therapeutic effects of camel urine. 'Camel' and 'Urine', 'Medicinal properties', 'Natural products' were entered into the databases as key words. Reference lists of published reviews retrieved by the search were also searched to identify relevant papers.
Result: There have been several laboratory and limited clinical studies providing evidence of the therapeutic effects of camel urine in the treatment of cancer, viral hepatitis and other viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Therapeutic uses in the cardiovascular system have also been discovered, with regard to platelet and fibrinolytic actions.
Conclusion: The exploration of the use of camel urine is of great interest to determine the efficacy of this practice, as well as the safety of the patients being treated. This review presented the benefits of camel urine, which were commonly drawn from small laboratory studies. Therefore, many more preclinical and clinical studies are needed to examine the efficacy and safety of the use of camel urine in in the treatment of disease.
Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution CC.
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. View License Deed | View Legal Code Authors can also self-archive their manuscripts immediately and enable public access from their institution's repository. This is the version that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and in editor-author communications.


I love our Farmer's Market and I feel that we have a great market for such a little town -- organic vegetables, hormone free beef, pork and chicken, Amish baked goods, and a favorite vendor -- Little Spouse on the Prairie -- who sells jams and pies and vegetables.
I am there each Tuesday afternoon and Saturday morning to pick up fresh produce (and eggs and meat) for the coming days.
Because of my food column in our Saturday paper, Nevada -Fort Scott Herald Tribune, I was the Guest Chef last year during the Tomato Festival. It was a fun time and I was thrilled to be asked to Guest Chef again this year. So last Saturday, armed with garden herbs, my knife, a cutting board, off I went to the Farmer's Market.
It was fun to watch the Amish arrive by horse and buggy. The horses are tethered across the street on the grounds of our historic fort while the Amish sell their wares at the Market.
My table with things I've brought -- olive oil and tarragon vinegar, a glassful of herbs, salt and pepper, my knife and a cutting board.
And so everyone knows . . . that it is a Guest Chef demonstration and that we're not selling anything!
My able assistant and friend Sarah, who was my sous chef and my Vanna White!!! She passed out samples and expertly told about each one for she, too, is a foodie!
She and I went to various vendors and armed with prepared pasta, the herbs, olive oil and vinegar, salt and pepper, lemons and the makings for Mary's lemon coleslaw dressing, we brought back product to our station.
Pasta, cherry tomatoes, fresh basil and the lemon salad dressing.
We also fixed a salad of Asian long beans, onion, halved cherry tomatoes, the lemon salad dressing with a hint of curry powder added.
We had a grand time and enjoyed the early morning fog that descended over the market, the fort and the town.
Sarah and I both enjoyed talked to our customers, telling them about the great produce available at the market and what you can do with it.
What pleased both of us is that an early attendee came back -- for she had tasted, then bought, and went home and made the gingered cucumbers and came back to tell us about it!
The lemon salad dressing is really a recipe for Lemon Coleslaw that I got from my friend Mary at One Perfect Bite. It makes a great coleslaw but the dressing is good to0 -- plain or with the addition of fresh basil, dried Italian seasoning, or curry. And added to fresh vegetables or a pasta/vegetable combination.
The cucumbers are good -- like your grandmother's cucumber and onion salad only "up a notch" with the addition of fresh ginger. And we used the cucumber dressing on another pasta salad with vegetables and it was yummy as well.
Slice cucumbers thinly. Set aside. In a medium bowl, whisk together vinegar, sugar, ginger and salt until sugar has dissolved. Add cucumbers and toss to combine. Let marinate, refrigerated for at least 3 hours.
Mix all together. This makes enough for one head of cabbage for coleslaw. I added fresh basil or dried Italian seasoning or curry powder. But I also think you could add bleu cheese as well.
It's a great light but creamy dressing.
It's Wednesday which means that it's Outdoor Wednesday, so please join Susan at A Southern Daydreamer to see where everyone has been Outdoors this Wednesday!
Looks like a fun day and I love the summer salads. It looks delicious.
Oh my - this looks altogether wonderful!
Oh my, I know a celebrity now! I sure wish I could have visited you for your guest chef appearance, how exciting! We're big fans of local food also, and love supporting our farmer's market. This summer we spent an entire week eating only from our market, and it was a fantastic experience. Congratulations on a fun adventure, and thanks for sharing it!
How wonderful that you were asked to be the guest chef again this year. Both recipes sound really good and I have made my copies.
Yum! I wish our farmers market could do something like this. You make it look easy. You also have a great scenic place for the market. Ours is in a parking lot of concrete. Not inviting but crowds come.
Yummy! I plan on making the gingered cucumbers and the dressing sounds so good too. The farmer's market sounds enjoyable and how wonderful to get local products and especially meat and eggs (considering recent news about eggs)! Your blog is one of the first one's I go to almost daily, being that your are also a Kansas girl and a foodie.
What a wonderful day you must have had - the weather looked beautiful. No doubt about it - you're a celebrity, and not just for your afternoon teas!
I'm going to suggest the "Guest Chef" at the market to our community planner for next season It's a great idea! I see gingered carrots on our table this weekend and Mary's dressing sounds like a delicious alternative to a more calorie-laden cole slaw. What a nice day the marker goers must have had!
Oh my gosh! Your dishes look and sound amazing! Sounds like it was a wonderful day!
I love all the Amish coming to your market and thanks so much for sharing the recipes...I wrote them both down andwill try them soon. We are growing cucumbers and this will be something new to try!
How wonderful to participate in the community in such a giving way -- through food. And thanks for the recipe.
Some news: We're staring a Giveaway Friday! link-up party this Fri. 8/27 plus we are giving away a custom backsplash! Please join us. Jane F.


In the last 3 years, Alpine Investors has acquired 3 companies. It has also invested in 6 others.
Alpine Investors' most common sectors for investment are software (25%) and retail (18%). The Firm's most common investment types include buyout (lbo, mbo, mbi) (49%) and growth capital (38%). In total, Alpine Investors has invested in 18 US states. Its largest (disclosed) acquisition occurred in 2018 when it acquired Houghton Mifflin Harcourt - Riverside Clinical & Standardized Testing Portfolio for $140M.
In the last 3 years, Alpine Investors has exited 3 companies. The Firm's most common exit type is trade sale (47%). Alpine Investors' largest (disclosed) exit occurred in 2018 when it sold Vionic Group for $360M.
Join Mergr to view Alpine Investors' full profile and discover more large private equity firms just like it.
Alpine Investors is a private investment firm that targets small to mid-sized company investments based in the US. Alpine looks for companies with cash-flow of $5 to $15 million and will consider both control and non-control positions. Alpine prefers businesses with recurring revenues, identifiable growth opportunities, sustainable margins, and significant barriers to entry. Areas of interest include software, business services, publishing, and digital media. Alpine Investors was established in 2001 and is based in San Francisco, California.
Join Mergr to view the latest updates and news from San Francisco-based Alpine Investors.


Keep warm around the camp fire with this easy to wear hooded sweatshirt with a zip front. Two pockets separated by the zipper are on the front of the hoodie and the Camp Netimus logo is printed on the left chest. Comfy and lightweight, the Camp Netimus Logo Zip Hoodie is a hit for your time at summer camp!


Happy New Year everyone! Before we put 2018 completely behind us, I thought I'd use my first blog post of 2019 to reflect on 2018 advancements in cancer treatments. We've made a lot of progress in the last 12 months and cancer registrars everywhere should be proud of the part they played in contributing to these advancements!
I hope these advancements have you as hopeful as I am for the future of cancer treatments. As someone who plays a small part in this important work, I am eager to see what 2019 has in store for all of us.
What do you think were the most exciting advancements in cancer treatments last year?


This mini version of the Fuel Core Urge v2 is designed for a lightweight, comfortable ride. Decked out in kid-friendly colors, these infant boys' sneakers soften his stride with a cushioned midsole and ground his step with a durable rubber outsole. Alternative closure makes on/off quick and easy – a must-have for busy feet and busier parents.


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News Business Trends
Typefi: Choosing and using (London School of Business and Finance)
What I'm going to attend you can see it mostly on this on, this slide is to, take you through quite briefly sort, of who I work for sort, of what I do it's all of my background it's so that you can understand, understand. That most. Of it is to do with the choosing and using of, the. Of typify, so partly. How we got, there in the the first place and then what we do to to, were to do if you're the last questions, at any point feel, free I don't. Don't, mind at all I, say, obviously what I'd like for, you is you get something out of this session so, that the, day always a danger with case, studies is, that so many chats away at the front you think that's, really interesting for them and I say I'm not actually sure what I can do, do with that so I say anything you get out of it would be good even if it's just a sort of sense of superiority or, something like that that would be fantastic so anything. That's anything, that said that you get would be I would begin. Who. I work for is a London School of Business of Finance so I joined sort. Of five years years or so ago you probably haven't heard of them but I say if you're based in the UK than savoury chance that you've heard of one, of the parts of the group that we've got, which is the University of Law which. Is something like 70, 80 percent of lawyers, solicitors, and so on in. The UK go to to, the university of law used to be even higher and lad at one. Point but I said we've got some some, competition, we're, all under a group called gas so, global university, systems, which you can see up on the the top left of the the screen and so, I said that's the holding. Company every. Chance that you haven't ever heard of those at, all. My. Name is a bull, and publishing, director out, there. My. Background is as accountants, trained, as accounts, at the KPMG. Decided. I didn't want to become an accountant, as it sort of everyday accountant, so I decided to go into teaching at a place called BPP which. You may have heard of which means, to do professional, professional. Education, I was, lucky to join at the point that I did because it was pretty small and went, pretty well over that times were well-run business. What. I, did, was quite a lot of standing up and teaching so had 20 odd years of standing in front of a class but. Also what I did, the. Reason I stayed there because I wasn't that keen on teaching was. To do. Lots of innovation, and particular, innovation with technology, so if anyone who remembers things like floppy disks, my, first product, was a series, of multiple choice questions, on a floppy, disk which, I, say, dates me obviously, quite. Badly we, then had things like success, tapes which. Cost. Us 50 grand and paid back in five days seven, days or something like that I say if. You ever had Walkman then I say they're very useful for for, studying went, through and also. Went through into stuff. On the internet so, set up the first what we call the virtual campus at PPP. Which, had a lot of online testing, lots. Of stuff. Which sort. Of had some I which, taught you which had to interact with in order to do which is the same very very, good at the at, the at the time so I say it's, basically, being the innovation and technology that's kept me there an innovation, from the start to the end that, since actually starting, off deciding echo this is a good thing to do and, I've always felt that you need to follow it through right to to. To the end in order to be able to make sure that actually works because, it's very easy to have innovations, they all would just do this and, pass, it over to the team and make ins they can sort it out and say, that doesn't necessarily, actually. Get you and get you solutions, now. Where, we are in terms of current, challenges, I don't. Even of the ACCA, but it's the biggest accountancy. Qualification. In the world, spread throughout the whole of the of the world we, produce books, for those, unfortunately. Which is a 1 in every 10 year situation. They're producing you syllabus, so we've got to produce lots of material, from them and for them, the. We've got some new clients which is good and PwC one of the major accountancy, firms within the the UK has. Come over it's like made, recap see firms in the the world we're, supplying them.
And Throughout, Europe and also all. Sort of what we traditionally. Called Eastern Europe sort of that side of Europe, and then. Also in the the Middle East I was, supplying some material for KPMG. As well which neither of the big accountancy. Accountancy. Firms so I say we're doing pretty well and that's partly because of what we do typify, and that what we've got is a system, which allows us to be very consistent, in. Terms of the output that we produce and, that's consistent in terms of a series, of PDFs. Which obviously would go off and get printed but also on. My phone I think I've got something like 300, ebooks or so. There, and so, students can study at any point in time and, it's the same sort of principle, as having. Success. Tape something that you can put on your Walkman, which. Mer say you've got it there right away, so I'm travelling home on the tube 11. O'clock after, going to the pub or something thing might, do a bit of studying and it's there I can study it study away on on, the, on the subjects that I, want we're. Starting using in other parts of the group a university of law we had a project last year where we produced some of their what they call the GDL manuals, which is one of the law qualifications. Or part of the law qualifications. And we produce days as, PDF, we've, also produced them, as epub or whereas they're sort of slightly slow in terms of taking those, those. Up we've. Got a small team there's, three of us and that includes me so, what, we have is somebody. That's based now and inderal the at the time lives in India so part of the team so you have to wake up to a whole stream of emails in the morning because she's. Done all of all, of all, of those but, it's a it's it's three of us so I say there's there's a, small small, team actually producing, things. In. Terms of choosing. Typify. So at. A fairly bumpy, road which came, out of working. At. Bpp, and, what we, had, there was. A, XML. Based system. To publish. Which. Was. A, new project and. Put. A very. Circumspectly. It wasn't me the chosen as in the bloke who chose it left, before the implementation process, went, through which I should have realised that it, wasn't such a good idea to step, in and take, over the EOP and the project but, I didn't thought sounds, sounds funny in that what, they were promising, was that so you'd have everything, in an XML. Based. System. What it would produce is. Almost everything I say. What you'd have is it, would be in this database. It would then, produce stuff, which you would go on into, a book or an e-book or, online. Learning it. Would be fantastic and on, the face of it I said it's very good marketing, marketing. Company I'd say I think it still exists so if you ever hear of a company like this and as I feel free to get in touch with me I'll give my email at the at the end but. I say it was sounded, fantastic at the at. The time and the. Had. A proprietary. Front-end, and propriety, back-end and what I mean by that is that I'm it was their front end so. If you had an all third they had to use their system in order to put in they, the. Subject. And also had a propriety, back-end in that they produced the templates which. Then, produce the final product so, it. Was then doing the work of both both, ends and you, can control contrast, that to what you do and say. If you were for example using, word as the the front-end or InDesign. As the the backend I say. It's something. Like. 250. Grand later and, 18 months worth of time and, it didn't work and they say it was close. But not quite and there was lots of things that could, have could. Have been a lot a lot, better so after. I moved on I'd learned my lessons. But in. Some ways that's useful, because. What it does is to were to say well, look around and start to where to think. About, what might actually work, in this in. This situation and, sometimes. You I say you get a sort of knock back and be learn a lot lot, from it so I, joined. LSBF, late. On in, 2012. I was, actually searching, through my files just recently. And to see my. Typify, folder, and the first file, that had saved in there was the day after I joined so, obviously. Been doing a bit of research before or, actually. On the very day that I joined, in, order to see. Where to get that get, that file, what. I did. Was there's a lot of due diligence and, you, see some of the the people, but, that, I did there and there's, APA.
Publications, Which down by I London, Bridge actually went and visit, visited, and so the insight guides and, Berlitz I think it it, was as I, went to where to chapter 2 where to them in, touch with a lot of other people and particularly, CFA. Was very useful to her to be in touch with because they, are reducing. Things, like text books they were also if you're familiar with the CH CFA, their, into financial, stuff and so. They have things like equations. And. If they could cope with typify. And have equations, and so on then I think we've got all that sort of stuff as as well so they. Did a lot of. Research. Into, it in the first place. International. Standards, organization also, if a good client. To to have in terms of you. Can meet meet, that that's fans. And sounds sounds so great. Will. It be cheaper and easier this is probably, something. Which isn't so you useful, for most of you in the the room in terms, of I, say, if you're a new client for example thinking. About typify, it's. Some of the other things that you find out and you probably found these out already so. Having. A front. End being for example words. Everybody. Likes word so, everybody, can use use, word at least even if I don't like it at least they can they, can use it in design, templates, being able to change in design template change everything, straightaway is fantastic. We. Do have. Done some stuff on white labeling, that we had a client. That didn't want a particular logo in there so what you can do is to change the material such. That you've got a condition in there which means that you don't have to have. That, that in there on the particular jobs that the Iran, we've. Got. Our Indian, outsource, company I say email. At the end of you if you're needing. An outsourced company that that's, good and does a lot of styling and so. On for us saves a lot of time and, these good value then, I say they're they're good, we. Used it for other parts of the group one, clients, so. So. It's quite a lot of things, that have, that have helped us in terms of the for. Choosing. In. Terms of the using, then. Say. The set up cost in the the first place as they trying to sort everything out I say takes and, sometime, what. We. Have. There is a lot of features. Or different features that came up with people at the university of law they wanted sort, of indexes, and start of each chapter and so on so, you are say having to to, do all those and think those through just, means you need sort of intelligent, people and to be able to think those through and to were to wear to work them out. Speed. A server that's, what we had some, pains last, year. Where. You'd. Suddenly want to run a job and then you'd find out the university of law was running a job and they would be taking their twenty minutes or whatever to run their there right their job so more to where to run some of their jobs which. But. I think we're now in a situation where we can have jobs. Running in parallel because I we haven't got to that stage yet but so we can. Self. Ability, as a bright enable people as possible I said when you've got a face small team as it so you need, people that are, intelligent, let's say that that can work things work. Work things through. May. Be sort of slightly, biased. By yes a the other. System. That I thought I had was they said oh we can produce apps out of this big database, that that we've got so I say you can have apps as well as sort.
Of Print stuff and and so on that's something that we're looking at and I say would be useful to, to. To, have so, that for, example and. We've got some, exams which are computer, based and, so. Some, of the ACCA exams a computer, base so what we have to what. We would like to do is have an app that we could take the questions in Word and have, been coming out in the app sort of water automatically. But, so, might be chatting to you about anything like that any really using, that now that would but that would be useful page. Breaks bit of a pain because. I, say, sometimes you set them and then you have to, sort. Of change them all again if so. Quickly when you're setting up the other material, logs, were useful, so. They've missing, images and so on it's a very handy, to to, where to find out because. We're academic. Sort. Of more, academic, sort of publishers and then, we've blessed. I particularly like the ebooks that come out a pub threes we got videos in them so. We've got. Delivery. I say if you're in the situation. You're thinking about having. Delivery, then vitalSource, would recommend. Very, very. Heavily the biggest. Platform. For. Books. Of particularly text academic, text books and so on that, you got in the world works very well as. They you, can have, lots of things like, your, tutors, being. Able to share notes, with their students, so, they say they can put notes and highlights into to their their material, and say this, is a good tip for the exam this this, time or something, like that basic. Basically, once they've put it in all their students get it so, I'd say that's go say as far as I'm so great typing to a table leaving, aside the fact that as I've got my 300 books on my on my phone so, I can study and do what I want at. Any point in time. This. Slide doesn't. Sort. Of tell, you too much more so I'll go through it relatively, quickly. Almost. The. Most. Useful, thing is the, top and the bottom so I say we've been helps a lot from tight fire at the start in terms of setting, up I say we've had sort, of bright people on our side they've got bright people on their side so I would say that that, helps, quite I'm, quite quite considerably, down. At the bottom we've had good supporters, we've as. We've gone, through so. Quick responses, or say that, I want your business to slow, down or not, work as well as it did so as we rode out dating, to to new systems or any problems, I say they've been back. Very very quickly but you'll, see most of the stuff in the the middle I say just sort, of largely, just summarizing. What what, what I've said in the in the first place so. It, overall, summary per say we're. Happy as we've I say, winning clients, which has aids goods but they're having somebody like PwC is, a client, it's fantastic. It's money for a start well so you should not. Going to turn down but what, it also does. Is to. To, give us a sort, of higher level to aim for I'd, say if you're providing us, a accountancy, books to one of the biggest accountancy. Firms. In the in, the world then, they've got lots of eyes looking at it and saying oh what about that bits, or change, so I say it's very good in terms of trying, to that painting painting, lots of ways being in other ways but it's, great a great fund. Fundamentally. So I, say, we've. Got. A lot of fun stuff that's that. Has gone, on and there's, been down to the help that we've had from from, Title I and the output that we've had from typified so I say that's a three. Of us in the group and the same doing. Doing, pretty well given, given, that.
And. That's it actually so, relatively. A relatively. Quick I wasn't. Sure how long it was going to its take anybody, get anything that they want to know in any way at all. How. Did your team take to do change. And. For change, well implementing. Type firing. That's. Interesting because I was in the very lucky position, that. I was setting up from scratch so. And. Looked. At other organized. Organisations. And I knew, that they had a big sort. Of publishing. Department. There which, then, they had to really sort of decimate, and they had to sort of decide who was gonna stay and who wasn't gonna stay and that was one of the big joys of what. I was doing and then I had some of the materials, were already, there, largely. In a PDF form but, what, I was able to to, do was to employ, people that, I, thought, were gonna be good in the first place and take home so it wasn't that I was 20. And came down to to. The three of us it was I was white and went up to went, up to three so I was when it went in the other, direction so I was I was I was lucky but I understand, the point entirely in terms of other. Organisations. Sort, of have to think well, we've paying type, of five phone license. Fees that. We only, now need three people we had ten, or whatever the numbers. Are so yeah that's, more tricky but but I was in a very fortunate position I was going the other direction. Can. You talk a little bit about the the, video and things like that you're putting in somewhere yeah what we've got, in. Terms of the, organisation, that we've got we're I'm, strong online, so. So we have fun studios which people. Do, sort of talking to the world basically to train them up for, for. Accountancy, and as. Part of that we do videos, and so. What we've, done it's a couple of couple. Of things which is that within the study, manuals, then what, we we, have there is videos, at the start of each chapter with, somebody saying this, is very similar to say. If I were teaching you, accountancy, for example then I would, do as sort of what I'd call an opening talk which is we're going to do this bit of sort. Of accountancy, we're going to cash flow statements, or whatever it happens to to, be here's, the main things that you should be looking looking. Out for and, that's. It in sort, of two. Minutes five minutes. Something. Like that so what we did was to get those videos produced, so that once you get into the start of each chapter the student could just click on it we, put them on YouTube. As unlisted, videos which. So they're not generally, accessible, but anybody that does find them won't, find them that useful as though they might find, them useful in terms of then, thinking okay well that's, interesting that somebody's done that and can I get the study manual which is fine but, in terms of the actual video itself it's not going to not, going to help them so, much we. Did a separate, project. Which, was. Called project, blue internally. Which, was to produce a, whole series, of videos throughout the study manual, and. That's. Something which, so. The videos are good. But in terms of the study man it almost makes it too heavy because. I say it's the same sort of thing as if you've got explanation. After explanation, after explanation. It's almost too much to attack. To handle so I'm we've, done that as a project but whether we will actually release it as a final, product unless Leicestershire, off because either students, got to have, sort. Of a huge sort. Of device in order to have all the videos downloaded, or lots of. Bandwidth. In order to download them individually, at the point they're going to to do them but sometimes it's too much if you understand it just by reading a paragraph you don't need a video then it said to have to explain it so so. I'm less less, keyed on almost, but at the moment verse a they're just a video to get you into the each. Chapter. Just. A question on the trends you are seeing working, in kind of in the industry you do are you seeing a shift to, like. More digital and less kind, of educated stuff like PDF, or print or. We. Have. A policy internally.
That For our students. We. Provide them, with ebooks, full. Stop as though we don't provide them with, with. Actual. Printed, books anymore what. Happens within vital. Sources that the students gets the e-book and can. Print out pages if they want to there's. A bit of protection therefore, it's in that it doesn't come out with the lovely printed. I think it's actually got their email, address, as part of it so that we, know, that. They've done it and so we've, actually gotten that radically, to -, or to do that we do supply them with what, we call class notes which is if, I was sitting teaching. Teaching you you have a printed, set of sort, of browsing brief notes in front of you but, otherwise we've, gone for free. Books that's. It. Depends basically as we've got, people say like pwe put PwC still, want to print and we, even, have our own students, that would say I have to have a printed, book I, went. To an, Apple conference. Three. Years ago now and, what. They were saying was that and, they had, I, say. A major sort. Of change. Initially. Big, people. Were saying I still need books but, once they're gone through a term also at a university. That all of a sudden, they were saying actually I can't. Be bothered with a, and there was one of the sort. Of students, that was there who was talking about their, own situation, he was saying way I've had a book and I went to a party on a Friday, night for example and left the book there, take. Me a long time to go back and get it if I left my phone I'd. Be back straightaway on that evenings to pick up my my, phone so what accessibility. Means, that, I say they're more likely to be bits the ebooks over over. Time and I'm personally, I'm a big fan because, the SE of the ease of using, them and. So on the vitalSource. You've even got a situation, so. I could show any of you later that it'll. Actually read the book out for you so. I said there's a computer. Voice but, it will read through that book, for you so you can listen to it on, your earplugs. And say, you can hear what hear. What they say so, it's, not so useful for you if you're a run sort. Of not it's, not an academic textbook. You're producing Bozo there must be other sort. Of equivalents, for -, - right - it's a vital source so. I'm. A fan and I say I think generally, people change over as they get more used to it and the youngsters, for example, far more used to do. - stuff like stuff. Like that.
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