Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams (February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852), wife of John Quincy Adams, was the First Lady of the United States from 1825 to 1829. Born in London, she was the first First Lady to be born outside the United States, or the preceding Thirteen Colonies—a distinction that would not be shared until 192 years later by Melania Trump.
Adams was born Louisa Catherine Johnson on February 12, 1775, in London, the illegitimate daughter of Joshua Johnson, an American merchant from Maryland, whose brother Thomas Johnson later served as Governor of Maryland and United States Supreme Court Justice, and Catherine Newth, an Englishwoman, whose identity was long a mystery; her great-great-grandson Henry Adams joked that her existence was "one of the deepest mysteries of metaphysical theology."  Louisa had six sisters: Ann "Nancy," Caroline, Harriet, Catherine, Elizabeth (2nd wife of Congressman John Pope (Kentucky politician)), and Adelaide, and a brother, Thomas. She grew up in London and Nantes, France, where the family took refuge during the American Revolution.
Thomas Johnson was an 18th-century American judge and politician. He participated in several ventures to support the Revolutionary War. Johnson was the first (non-Colonial) governor of Maryland, a delegate to the Continental Congress, and an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Johnson suffered from a myriad of health issues. He was the first person appointed to the court after its original organization and staffing with six justices. Johnson's tenure on the Supreme Court lasted only 163 days, which makes him the shortest-serving justice in U.S. history.
All Hallows-by-the-Tower, also previously dedicated to St Mary the Virgin and sometimes known as All Hallows Barking, is an ancient Anglican church on Byward Street in the City of London, overlooking the Tower of London.
Her parents left Europe in 1797 and went to the U.S. When her father was forced into bankruptcy, President John Adams appointed him as U.S. Director of Stamps. Her father, who suffered from mental illness, died in Frederick, Maryland, in 1802 of severe fever, leaving little provision for his family. Her mother died in September 1811, in her mid-fifties,  and is buried in Rock Creek Cemetery.
Frederick is a city in, and the county seat of, Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is part of the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area. Frederick has long been an important crossroads, located at the intersection of a major north–south Indian trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C. and across the Appalachian mountains to the Ohio River watershed. It is a part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of a greater Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. The city's population was 65,239 people at the 2010 United States Census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland, behind Baltimore. Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport, which accommodates general aviation, and to the county's largest employer U.S. Army's Fort Detrick bioscience/communications research installation.
Rock Creek Cemetery is an 86-acre (350,000 m2) cemetery with a natural and rolling landscape located at Rock Creek Church Road, NW, and Webster Street, NW, off Hawaii Avenue, NE, in the Petworth neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. It is across the street from the historic Soldiers' Home and the Soldiers' Home Cemetery. It also is home to the InterFaith Conference of Metropolitan Washington. On August 12, 1977, Rock Creek Cemetery and the adjacent church grounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Rock Creek Church Yard and Cemetery.
George Washington Adams was an American attorney and politician. He was the eldest son of John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States. Adams served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives and on the Boston City Council. He died of an apparent suicide at age 28.
John Adams II was an American government functionary and businessman. The second son of President John Quincy Adams and Louisa Adams, he is usually called John Adams II to distinguish him from President John Adams, his famous grandfather.
The Smolenskoye Cemetery is a Lutheran cemetery on Dekabristov Island in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is one of the largest and oldest non-orthodox cemeteries in the city. Until the early 20th century it was one of the main burial grounds for ethnic Germans.
Louisa was sickly, plagued by migraine headaches and frequent fainting spells. She had several miscarriages over the course of her marriage. Having grown up in London and France, she found Massachusetts dull and provincial, and referred to the Adams family home as being "like something out of Noah's Ark". Nevertheless, she developed a warm affection for her father-in-law, and despite occasional differences, a deep respect for her mother-in-law Abigail Adams, whom she later described as "the guiding planet round which we all revolved".
She left her two older sons in Massachusetts for education in 1809 when she took two-year-old Charles Francis Adams to Russia, where Adams served as a Minister. Despite the glamour of the tsar's court, she had to struggle with cold winters, strange customs, limited funds, and poor health. An infant daughter born in 1811 died the next year.
Louisa Adams' successor Pat Nixon acquired a portrait of the First Lady that now hangs in the White House.
Peace negotiations called Adams to Ghent in 1814 and then to London. To join him, she made a forty-day journey across war-ravaged Europe by coach in winter. Roving bands of stragglers and highwaymen filled her with "unspeakable terrors" for her son. The next two years gave her an interlude of family life in the country of her birth.
When John Quincy Adams was appointed James Monroe's Secretary of State in 1817, the family moved to Washington, D.C. where Louisa's drawing room became a center for the diplomatic corps and other notables. Music enhanced her Tuesday evenings at home, and theater parties contributed to her reputation as an outstanding hostess.
The pleasures of moving into the White House in 1825 were dimmed by the bitter politics of the election, paired with her deep depression. Though she continued her weekly "drawing rooms", she preferred quiet evenings of reading, composing music and verse, and playing her harp. As First Lady, she became reclusive and depressed. For a time, she regretted ever having married into the Adams family, the men of which she found cold and insensitive. The necessary entertainments were always elegant and her cordial hospitality made the last official reception a gracious occasion although her husband had lost his bid for re-election and partisan feeling still ran high.
She thought she was retiring to Massachusetts permanently, but in 1831 her husband began seventeen years of service in the United States House of Representatives. The untimely deaths of her two oldest sons added to her burdens.
"Our union has not been without its trials," John Quincy Adams conceded. He acknowledged many "differences of sentiment, of tastes, and of opinions in regard to domestic economy, and to the education of children between us." But added that "she always has been a faithful and affectionate wife, and a careful, tender, indulgent, and watchful mother to our children."
Her husband died at the United States Capitol in 1848. She remained in Washington until her death of a heart attack on May 15, 1852, at the age of 77. The day of her funeral was the first time both houses of the United States Congress adjourned in mourning for any woman.  She is entombed at her husband's side, along with her parents-in-law President John Adams and first lady Abigail Adams, in the United First Parish Church in Quincy, Massachusetts.
The First Spouse Program under the Presidential $1 Coin Act authorizes the United States Mint to issue 1/2-ounce $10 gold coins and medal duplicates  to honor the first spouses of the United States. Louisa Adams' coin was released May 29, 2008.
Martha Washington was the wife of George Washington, the first President of the United States. Although the title was not coined until after her death, Martha Washington served as the inaugural First Lady of the United States. During her lifetime she was often referred to as "Lady Washington".
Charles Francis Adams Sr. was an American historical editor, writer, politician, and diplomat. He was a son of President John Quincy Adams and grandson of President John Adams, about whom he wrote a major biography.
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe was the First Lady of the United States from 1817 to 1825, as the wife of James Monroe, President of the United States. Due to the fragile condition of Elizabeth's health, many of the duties of official White House hostess were assumed by her eldest daughter, Eliza Monroe Hay.
John Quincy Adams II was an American lawyer, politician, and member of the Adams political family.
Abigail "Nabby" AmeliaAdams Smith was the daughter of Abigail and John Adams, founding father and second President of the United States, and the sister of John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States. She was named for her mother.
John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U.S. President John Adams's political life and his role in the founding of the United States. Paul Giamatti portrays John Adams. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper. Kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book John Adams by David McCullough. The biopic of John Adams and the story of the first 50 years of the United States was broadcast in seven parts by HBO between March 16 and April 20, 2008. John Adams received widespread critical acclaim and many prestigious awards. The show won four Golden Globe awards and 13 Emmy awards, more than any other miniseries in history.
Charles Adams was the second son of President John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams.
Thomas Boylston Adams was the third and youngest son of the 2nd president of the United States, John and Abigail (Smith) Adams.
The Quincy family was a prominent political family in Massachusetts from the mid-17th century through to the early 20th century. It is connected to the Adams family through Abigail Adams.
↑ "Louisa Adams – First Ladies". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
↑ "First Lady Louisa Adams". C‑SPAN. March 18, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
↑ U.S. Mint: First Spouse Program. Accessed June 27, 2008. "The United States Mint also produces and make available to the public bronze medal duplicates of the First Spouse Gold Coins."
Heffron, Margery M. Louisa Catherine: The Other Mrs. Adams (Yale University Press, 2014) x, 416 pp.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louisa Adams .


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Articles>
National Wine Week - So what are the benefits ?
by Allergy Testing & Consultant Nutritionist Faversham & Hythe, Victoria Shorland, listed nutritionist
As we sip away at our glass of wine, we rarely stop to think of its origins. It has had its place in history for thousands of years, with archaeologists believing it dates back to as far as 2000 BC. It was believed to have originally been drunk by the wealthy and not drunk by the lower classes as it was such a luxury.
Gradually, its popularity spread and it became more accessible to the general masses. Even Hippocrates extolled its healing properties; such as aiding labour, upset stomachs, anti-histamine effects (stopped itching), and easing anxiety.
We associate wine with Rome, as it has featured like that so much in media, however wine was actually adopted by the Romans from Greece. It even found its way into the bible as having health properties when (in his first epistle to Timothy) Paul suggested it could help digestion.
Its sterilising benefits of wine were used during the 1892 cholera epidemic in Hamburg, as it was used in the water to make it safe. Also in countries where safe water was difficult to find, wine (if available) was drunk instead.
Wine - the facts
Women's absorption of alcohol is quicker than men's. This is because females generally have a lower body water content and different levels of enzymes, so alcohol reacts differently. Generally, women therefore cannot drink as much!
The National Health Service (NHS) writes:
"Men should not regularly drink more than three to four units of alcohol a day. Women should not regularly drink more than two to three units a day."
One unit equals 10ml or 8g of pure alcohol. A 250ml (large) glass of 12% red wine has about three units of alcohol. A 175ml (medium) glass has about two units.
What does that mean? Well, putting it simply, as a 'rule of thumb', a medium glass of 12% alc. red wine daily, is the limit for women a day, as that size glass has approximately two units in it. Men can drink a few tablespoons extra.
Medieval monks believed that wine delayed aging, in modern day science, scientists do too.
Resveratrol, found in nuts, cranberries and the skins of red grapes, is believed to have anti ageing properties, improve circulation, reduce joint pain and lower cholesterol.
Regular consumption of most alcoholic drinks is thought to increase the risk of breast cancer. However, red wine intake has the opposite effect, researchers from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles found.
Researchers have also suggested that properties in the skins of red grapes could lower oestrogen and therefore lower the risk of breast cancer.
Before you start to drink any alcohol, always drink within your limits, do not drink and drive and, if you have a health condition, seek medical advice before you imbibe. Notice I haven't mentioned calories, as I feel that will warrant another blog.
It goes without saying, a little of what you fancy does you good (if it's safe to do so).
Nutritionist Resource is not responsible for the articles published by members. The views expressed are those of the member who wrote the article.
About Victoria Shorland
Victoria has been a Nutritionist for ten years, working with SureStart, the Osteoporosis Society, Spire St Saviours and in private practice.… Read more
Located in Faversham and Hythe.
Can also offer telephone / online appointments.
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BT Sport to show Fed Cup tie live from Bath
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Home Fed Cup Tie to be held in Great Britain for the first time in 26 years
Fed Cup Tie will be held at Bath University from the 6 – 9th February
BT Sport coverage hosted by Clare Balding alongside Laura Robson and Jo Durie
BT Sport will be the exclusive TV broadcaster of the first home Fed Cup Tie to be hosted in Great Britain for twenty-six years.With Britain and Poland sharing hosting duties, the Europe/Africa Group 1 Tie will be staged at Bath University from Wednesday 6th to Saturday 9th February.Britain will be joined by teams from Serbia, Croatia, Georgia, Slovenia, Greece, Turkey and Hungary.
Clare Balding will host BT Sport's live coverage of the Great Britain matches, two singles and one doubles, each day of the group stages, with the play off for the overall winner on the final day.Clare will be joined for analysis and commentary by current British player Laura Robson and Jo Durie, who represented Great Britain in the last Fed Cup Tie to be held in the UK.
The annual women's tennis tournament involves over 100 nations around the globe.Great Britain are one of 16 teams in a Europe-Africa qualifier and the winners from the tie in Bath will earn a World Group II play-off spot in April.Anne Keothavong's team will be hoping to win their group to make it through to the next stage for the 5th time in eight years and earn promotion into the World Group
Simon Green, head of BT Sport said "The Fed Cup always generates fantastic support and atmosphere and we're looking forward to bringing all of the GB action to viewers at home.We have put together our own top team packed full of knowledge and experience who will bring great insight and analysis along with all the excitement and atmosphere to our customers live from Bath in February."
Scott Lloyd, LTA Chief Executive said "We are excited to partner with BT Sport in bringing the Fed Cup closer to fans for the first time in more than a quarter of a century.BT Sport are already home of WTA and seems only fitting they should follow our Fed Cup journey as we aim to get back into the world group.This is a key part of our new strategy to open up tennis by showcasing our women's team and bringing world-class tennis to new and existing British fans."
BT Sport will broadcast the Fed Cup on BT Sport 2, for more information on BT Sport and how to watch visit www.bt.com/sport.


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Walker: Christmas 1941
As we celebrate Christmas 2014 we may have felt somewhat apprehensive concerning the ills that befall our nation currently, and with good reason. Not only are Americans being terrorized and attacked by Islamic extremists without as well as within; we are besieged by aliens illegally crossing through our borders. We are experiencing unrest and outright distrust of our legal system, including law enforcement authorities and our courts. If that isn't enough, consider that there is a seemingly ever-widening gulf dividing our political parties, and liberals from conservatives. Add to that the painful results of the financial miasma which has stifled our economy, and the realization of the poor economic legacy we will be leaving for our descendants for generations to come. These very irksome systemic ills are in our mental foreground while our young men and women are engaged in an unending need to fight war after war. The picture is pitiful indeed, and most discomforting.
There is a truism that is good to remember at times like these. There are no coins with only one side. In every confrontation; in every conflict or disagreement it is wise to examine both sides of the "coin" before rushing to judgment. When considering the dismal state of affairs that besiege our peace of mind today, be careful to consider the opposite side of that coin. In spite of the recent very real economic downturn we have experienced, it doesn't compare to the downturn of the Great Depression of the late '20s and early '30s. We survived that one and recovered from it because Americans believed in America. We passionately considered this wonderful nation worth saving and saved it.
Christmas of 1941 found us recovering from the Great Depression, but with enough economic problems to touch everybody in one way or another. The mischievous boll weevil had "gut-punched" the southern farmers into a struggling existence, and African-Americans had migrated en masse to northern cities for better gainful employment.
But December 1941 was an especially discomforting month. On December 7th, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and declared war on the United States a few hours later. Both Germany and Italy declared war on the United States on December 11. The United States gave its RSVP in the form of reciprocal declarations of war. The American congress opted to suspend all legislative activity and devote its energies to winning the war in which we were engaged for the duration. You may imagine the unsettling and chilling effect of this as a background for Christmas 1941 and to a large effect for the remaining years of WWII.
On the 24th of December, Christmas Eve, Prime Minister of England Winston Churchill was in Washington, D.C. conferring with President Roosevelt, and gave a Christmas message to America. He spoke of the whole world being locked in deadly struggle, with war creeping nearer to our hearts and homes, and suggests that amid all the tumult, for this one night we make for the children an evening of happiness in a world of storm. Let them enjoy a night of fun and laughter, "before we turn again to the stern task and the formidable years that lie before us, resolved that, by our sacrifice and daring, these same children shall not be robbed of their inheritance or denied their right to live in a free and decent world."
Do we not find ourselves in circumstances similar to those of 1941 with the sternest of tasks lying before us, which will require sacrifice and daring that our children not be robbed of their right to live in a free and decent world? May the "Peace that passeth understanding" abide with you and our nation during this Christmas season.
Charles Walker served as the mayor of Conyers for two decades and was the first president of the Rockdale Historical Society.


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EMPIRE OF GRAVES (WWI - "Realtime" - UK)
Thread starter MacGowan
El Pip
Lord of Slower-than-real-time
I missed the previous version of this somehow, so I'm delighted to have caught this at the start.
I've not played the DH WW1 mod, but I have in various other HOI games and they all had one thing in common - the German AI cannot/does not do fleet in being. Typically t he High Seas Fleet sorties from port fairly rapidly and starts prowling around the North Sea, to face them you had better bring the entire Grand Fleet or risk defeat in detail. While this is certainly a risk, think Jellicoe being the only man who could lose the war in an afternoon, it is also a massive opportunity.
If you can sink most of the HSF by early 1915, and I strongly suspect the Germans will give you the opportunity, then a world of amphibious options open up. It is amazing what you can achieve when the Grand Fleet is supplying shore bombardment support.
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TheButterflyComposer
The Dark Lord Kelebek
El Pip said:
My goodness! And this is something the Germans might feasibly, realistically attempt as well. Try to keep the whole fleet together and either pick off the RN a bit at a time or test themselves in a grand battle and retreat I feel it goes wrong into being a fleet in being. So you really can and should take advantage of this if true!
Imagine the headlines....massive German fleet in the channel and North Sea. The grand fleet assembles! Stormy weather in North Sea block action. German fleet bombards Scotland! Sinks destroyer in serious naval blunder by admiralty. Churchill furious. The Great battle of Jutland, lasting perhaps several days of linked battles, before the Royal Navy wins but with some losses. German fleet obliterate. Kaiser stunned. Troop morale explodes.
Or something like that. Maybe it doesn't even go to he royal navy's way for years until they do manage to crush them. It would change the war as well because more resources would go to the German fleet and not the front, and to the Royal Navy as well. Perhaps the risk and danger of submarines is not realised in this war, or much later on. And the chance to open further fronts, perhaps directly support the Russians or land in Germany itself would be very interesting.
What seems certain is that the Mediterranean and Far East would be emptied of British ships for years whilst the German fleet is prowling around like that. In itself, a very interesting alt history.
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TheButterflyComposer said:
And the chance to open further fronts, perhaps directly support the Russians or land in Germany itself would be very interesting.
Admiral Fisher Madness Intensifies - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Project
"Now witness the firepower of these 18" armed and badly armoured large light cruisers. Commence shore bombardment of the Pomerania coast Admiral."
The Royal Navy has huge numbers of pre-Dreadnoughts and Protected Cruisers that wouldn't help much in the North Sea, these can safely be shuffled around the world's oceans as required. And required they will be, the German surface raiders and pre-war foreign squadrons need hunting down.
Fundamentally however Germany lost the naval arms race and lost badly. The Royal Navy has a large numerical advantage, enough even to withstand a few setbacks if required, so there will be hulls spare for Imperial duties unless there is a mass outbreak of lead tea drinking in the Admiralty.
Admiral Fisher Madness Intensifies -
Ah, ok. See the war won't be totally going the britsh way. Instead of a terrible turkish campaign we might have a terrible baltic campaign instead.
Yeah I was being a bit trite. The RN was massive after all, and should be fine everywhere at once. That being said, I wonder what the other powers would do woth their navies if the Germans are sailing round the North sea, the British are there too (and mostly everywhere else), the austrians and italians are both stuck in the adriatic (presumably)...what do the french do?
Yeah I'm not suggesting the britsh will lose or even be inconvenienced by the german fleet sailing around. In fact, that's probably exactly what they want them to do, since a fleet in being is far more annoying and in this period, pretty safe.
What I think it might do though is give Fisher and Churchill something to do and preen themselves over, rather than sailing around the channel for a year and a half and then deciding they need to 'do something'.
So that's one interesting difference that might happen due to ai. What else? I suspect the AI on both sides will not handle the east front very well or very historically (russians do great, then germany, then really germany, then stalemate etc).
Edit: that fisher plan...so effective the wiki page on it is 3 paragraphs long. Details?
Also I read the imperial german navy page again and was again reminded that their navy was absurdly big for a non-naval power with little use for a battle fleet. Going to refresh my memory on pre war british battle plans to see what might be attempted this time
Vengeance208
This seems terrific.
I loved your WW2 Britain "Realtime" AAR.
Why was the WW2 one cancelled again.
I did not know that you had done an alien invasion AAR. I will check it out.
The Baltic Project was a key bit of Fishers big strategy, like Kitchener and most of the rest of the professional military he believed it would be a long war, several years minimum and planned accordingly. Fisher, and Corbett who was working with him, saw a parallel with the Seven Years War and so looked at the point where Prussia came closest to defeat - the Russian naval invasion of Kolberg and the resulting siege of Berlin.
Fisher correctly believed the German high command would not have forgotten this either and the plan was built around their assumed reaction to it, not an attempt to recreate it. Fisher knew the Grand Fleet wouldn't be much use, and was required to counter the HSF, so wanted to build a 'siege fleet' of shallow draught monitors, minesweepers, the Large light cruisers and some landing craft. In the short term the monitors of this force, in co-operation with the Army was to contest the Flemish coast and retake it, all aimed at pushing the Germans back into the Baltic.
At this point the newly completed shallow draft fleet could sneak into the Baltic on the Swedish side (Swedish objections would be ignored), Zealand fortified if required (it was expected Germany would invade Denmark if they felt the Baltic was threatened, so the British planned to send an army to secure it once Denmark asked for help. If the Germans didn't invade, Zealand stayed neutral and so could be ignored. ) and the British would control the Baltic and complete a total blockade. The intervention of the HSF was expected and hoped for, because it would finally bring them to battle.
Best I can tell Fisher never intended to actually invade the North German coast as he was aware of the issues. I think it was mostly a threat, Fisher put great store in trying to manipulate the enemy into making mistakes, in this case terrify the Germans into thinking a naval invasion of the coast near Berlin is coming and they will panic; pulling troops of the front lines and weakening the front, finally committing the HSF despite unfavourable odds, etc.
All of this would have taken time, 12-18 months to get the siege fleet built, and the cabinet kept to it's delusion that it would be a quick war. So, tragically, the generals who wanted a mass conscript army won out and Britain abandoned her traditional way of warfare and committed to the 'continental' strategy of the Western Front. Which went well. Churchill, who was as bad as any other politician in thinking it would be a quick war, bullied through the Dardenelles 'plan' over Fisher and Corbett's strong warnings, because he wanted the fleet to be doing something and wouldn't/couldn't wait for the Baltic Project to be ready. Which again, went well.
Fisher had his faults, but he did at least have a coherent strategic vision and almost no-one on the Allied side had that. Fishers grand strategy for the war had been planned for years, took account of the enemy's priorities and reactions, and was based on thinking that had worked before. The Baltic Plan was risky certainly, but the risk were calculated and it played to Britain's strengths and the enemies fears and weaknesses. Plus it didn't involve throwing the youth of the Empire at machine guns and hoping to win the resulting battle of attrition. From a summary the Baltic Plan does look like madness, but when you look into the detail is an utter tragedy it was never implemented.
Fascinating. I think another thing to note about this war was how ill-thought out the allied plans were. Aside from that naval plan, the RN didn't enter the war with a strategy at hand, and the army was designed to defend the empire, not fight a massive modern war.
Hence why whilst the troops were at first the finest on the western front and suprised the germans with how good their rifle fire was, the army didn't have the guns, shells or men for a long war. This wasn't helped by every politician ignoring every military officer warning of a long war.
I mean, this plan would have been fascinating to put into action, and was well thought out. Possiblely relied too much on prussian reaction but good that it took it into account. Better than the western front strategy anyway...but then again, without the british there, could the french hold for the first year and match the German race to the sea?
I think the author should certainly put serious thought into going the baltic campaign. It's what i would do ingame, not knowing anything about ww1 strategy. With this otl stuff though, it would be criminal not to at least consider trying it.
MacGowan
AAR Author
JULY 7 - JULY 14, 1914
THE JULY CRISIS
"The mistakes that have been committed in foreign policy are not, as a rule, apparent to the public until a generation afterwards."
- Otto von Bismarck -
"You have my word," Hartwig said. "We knew of no plot to assassinate the Archduke."
"And the Serbs?" Baron von Gieslingen asked without a moment of pause.
"I'm close friends with the Prime Minister." Hartwig replied, as he drew another puff from his cigar. "I've always urged him to maintain good relations with your country."
Baron von Gieslingen squinted for a moment.
Nicholas Hartwig had gone to the Austro-Hungarian embassy to smooth things over. War was in the air and diplomats like them would be needed to clean up the mess. Baron von Gieslingen was a general, but also the ambassador to Belgrade. A man of tact and honor.
"And the unfortunate rumor that your embassy held a party in celebration on the evening he died?"
A tiny pearl of sweat appeared on Hartwig forehead.
"A despicable and unfounded rumor." He said. "Must have been spread by spies."
Baron von Gieslingen did not seem too satisfied with the answer.
5 years ago, The Russians had sent ambitious Hartwig away. He was deemed too uncontrollable for a minister post, and so they sent him all the way to Serbia.
This had done little to stop the ambitious Hartwig.
He had worked the Balkans like a fiddle. Deals, and threats. Manipulation and information. He believed a strong Russia was a strong Serbia, and with his help the nation now had a web of strong allies. Of course, In the middle of this grand web he had placed himself: Nicholas Hartwig—the Russian ambassador to Serbia.
"Do you believe a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia can be avoided?" Hartwig asked.
"Ah," Baron von Gieslingen replied. "I'm confident that a… mutually satisfactory solution will be found. One that accommodates both Austria-Hungary's and Russia's regional interests."
"Wladimir," Hartwig said. "Whatever you boys are planning up there in Vienna. Remember that a cold head and a steady hand will get you further..."
He took one last puff from the cigar and stood up.
The meeting had not gone as he hoped, but at least they were exchanging information, and hopefully preventing matters from blowing out of proportion.
"I understand, Nicholas." Baron von Gieslingen said. "I'll see what I can... Are you feeling well?"
Nicolas Hartwig, the ambitious Russian ambassador collapsed in front of Baron Von Gieslingen.
Dead before he even hit the floor.
London, England
Captain John Robertson looked over at the large map hanging on the wall in the office. Several thick red strings had been connected, going from one pin to another. All over continental Europe.
"It's all coming down like a house of cards," General Cecil declared. "Just like we suspected."
John wondered what his wife would say to this madness.
"Parliament seem more preoccupied with the Irish," John blurted out.
Cecil cursed.
"The government will be in crisis soon enough, Captain Robertson." He paced the room like an old lion. "As soon as they wake up, the Irish will be the last of our worries."
THE QUESTION OF IRELAND:
"But the parliament has passed the bill to give them home rule." John said.
"Ah, took them long enough." Cecil replied. "They've been at it for ages. And now, at long last, a war will keep it out of their hands."
John looked up at the map: A red string tied Belfast to London, and another tied Dublin to Dunkirk.
"What about Sir Asquith? He's overseeing the whole ordeal."
"Asquith's days are numbered." Cecil exclaimed. "We need a war leader, not a liberal, pussyfooting about."
"Sir.." John stood up, quite flustered.
"Ah, I didn't take you as a liberal chap." Cecil laughed. "All right, all right. Asquith will have his hands full, and we will see to it that he has the best of help."
"The Right Honourable H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the British Empire. The man that fate has seen fit to led us through this sordid mess."
THE BRITISH EMPIRE:
"He now leads the largest Empire in history, one on which the sun never sets. Countless of colonies and satellites spanning the globe. To patrol it we have the greatest navy in the world, and factories to supply and uphold it all. However, chap, there is an issue: Mobilization. Can we move thousands of men, not to mention
hundreds of ships to Europe, where the hammer will fall?"
THE AFTERMATH IN SARAJEVO:
"The aftermath in Sarajevo has been quite extreme. Anti-Serb demonstrations have become more violent as the locals are hunting for revenge. Only made worse by the fact that police and local authorities in the city are doing nothing to prevent it. Around 1,000 houses, shops, schools and institutions—such as banks, hotels, printing houses, and what have you—owned by Serbs have been razed or pillaged."
RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR TO SERBIA DIES:
"On July 10, Nicholas Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, died suddenly while visiting Austrian minister Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen at the Austrian Legation in Belgrade. It appears he died of a massive heart attack. The Serbian press immediately published several inflammatory articles accusing the Austrians of poisoning Hartwig while he was a guest at their legation."
"Oh, my," John gasped. "It really is coming to a boil down there."
"I'm very much afraid that it is, dear boy." Cecil sighed. "Let us pray the Austrians aren't daft enough to pull the trigger."
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
"If Serbia accepts this ultimatum, they would be mad." Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Leopold Berchtold declared.
The Imperial Council had gathered again to look over his draft, which were to be presented, first to the Emperor, and with his approval, transmitted to Serbia.
Germany had already given them full support to do what was needed: Strike at the venomous head of the Serbs.
"I take them as quite mad." Said the Chief of the General Staff, Conrad von Hötzendorf. His thick mustache gave him the appearance of an older Franz Ferdinand. who, coincidentally had pushed for him to be reinstated a few years back.
"They could accept the ultimatum, and then we will look like fools." He grumbled. Never a man of political zest.
Leopold held his tongue.
As the Foreign Minister, he had focused exclusively on the Balkans, where during the wars he had failed to contain the rising Russian influence and thwart Serbian ambitions for a united Yugoslav state. This had meant diplomatic defeat for Austria-Hungary, but also a reputation of being weak and indecisive for Leopold himself.
"If I may speak." Hoyos interjected. "If perhaps we add something that undermines their sovereignty." Hoyos was Leopold's adviser, and most trusted aide.
"Let us have a say in their military, or better yet, in their justice process." Hoyos proposed. "That will make it legally impossible for them to accept it."
General Conrad von Hötzendorf nodded in agreement.
"Whatever works." He said. "Gentlemen, mark my words; in 6 weeks, Serbia will fall."
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MacGowan said:
Dead before he even hit the ground.
...this is not a metaphor. Or an omen.
Remember Robertson, the last time we had to fight a massive land war in Western Europe, the whole continent collapsed, millions of people died and we struggled to stave off bankruptcy for nearly a decade. Thank God we managed it better than the French did!
Thank God for the Royal Navy.
That too, yes. But this is different, even if it seems the same. If a war between the great powers breaks, whoever wins will control the world for the next century. But to win, they'll have to fight and win an even larger war than a century ago! Millions of soldiers and countless civilians from all over the world! Machines that can kill thousands in minutes! Worse still, not one of us is going into this fight secure and unified. The Hapsburgs hate almost everyone in their empire, and are hated right back. The Russians despise the Tsar and their entire system of governance. France has been a seething bed of socialism for decades. Italy is a mess. The Ottomans are even worse. The Germans are raring to kill something, anything. And we are facing very difficult and pointed questions from the dominions, especially Ireland and India. We're haemorrhaging money, the working classes are getting more and more radicalised, and the army is designed to fight small colonial revolts, not the might of industrialised Europe. You take it from me lad, this world of ours is in the deep, fucking shit!
I know technically the bill passed but was delayed by the war, or that was the excuse, in otl. Does that mean you've decided to get it out of the way before the war begins? Very wise if so, if a little unorthodox considering contemporary politics.
Well, I would recommend not doing that...since if you were the first to start doing so, not only would you look like war-mongering, paranoid lunatics but you'd encourage all the war-mongering and paranoid lunatics in the other GPs to start mobilising too! But yes, it is a big logistical problem. At least GB can rest easy on that score, since they have barely any army to move around or much ammunition for them, there isn't that much to ship to France should the needs must.
Of course, that's going to become a problem rather quickly...
Ah yes, the infamous blank cheque. How are you handling this in this timeline? Did they actually mean it or did the Austrians just feel emboldened by vague language?
"I take them as quite mad." Said the Chief of the General Staff Conrad von Hötzendorf.
If there was anyone in this war who deserved to have his name written in blood, its this guy. I do hope something horrible happens to him before he spends too long in charge of Austria's military.
General von Hötzendorf nodded in agreement.
Hmm. I mean, yes they did actually conquer Serbia eventually. I think they were actually the only power to achieve their set pre-war goal whilst in WW1. Rendered irrelevant by their collapse and destruction of course but still...technically...mission accomplished!
This was a good update to demonstrate the anxiety of the British looking on as Europe suddenly got very tense (having previously just been rather tense) due to several extremely smug and almost suicidally overconfident pricks in weird hats deciding that they can definitely take Serbia. Watch out for those Italians though!
Specialist290
You can cut the tension with a knife...
All in all, there's probably little to nothing that Britain can actually do to prevent the war -- at this stage it's basically going to be damage control, mitigating the effects of all this madness to their own interests in the Continent.
Member of the Ahistoric Association | Bearer of one free pass to History Park and owner of a free promotional t-shirt | Bestower of Red Special Cookies ● (What are they?)
Huh, so Hartwig's heart attack was real. I thought that was a little drama you cooked up!
Truth is stranger than fiction as they say.
Specialist290 said:
I suppose the rub is whether they can convince everyone to keep Belgium neutral. If they manage that, then they can join whenever they like against Germany (because they have vested interests in making sure they lose) so they have time to instigate that Baltic plan of theirs instead of just throwing men into France and hoping for the best.
Might even make sense for Germany to do that too, since keeping France back on a small border and focusing on Russia is much the same Andrew much more realistic than taking the whole country out before turning around and leaving Western Europe undefended (for the British) to take on Russia. Maybe the German high command suddenly realises how awful the Austrians are at fighting and decide that Russia is going to be the main front from the beginning?
Germany has been planning to invade France through Belgium since the 1890s, they've been assuming Britain will side with the Entente since the mid 1900s and have never had that high an opinion of the Austro-Hungarians. By this stage, short of just abandoning Belgium (and France), not a lot Britain can do to avoid the war.
Not to say Britain couldn't do that, nothing in treaty actually required Britain to go to war. See for instance how the Dutch, also signatories of the Treaty of London, entirely failed to join the war. There was an implication that the signatories should do something to defend Belgian neutrality, but no actual requirement. Of course the much discussed "British interests, British honour, and British obligations" suggest abandonment is a bad idea, so I suspect we will see war break out as standard.
Oh...okay then.
Why did the Germans think they could fight the entire world at once with just one ally that they themselves thought were crap?
J_Master
Høker
They found themselves backed into a corner, surrounded by enemies that wanted to see her gone/severely weakened. Russia at the time was modernizing her military and industry, and 1917 was already thought of as too late to fight Russia and win. Before than, they still had the chance to win in 1914, and thus, Germany gambled
Oh, so that's how you change your signature....
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General belief was that the Russians were worse, nowhere near ready for war and would take ages to mobilise. Plus the Schlieffen Plan was expected to work and deliver a rapid decisive victory, this would knock France out of the war and then you can focus on the East. Franco-Prussian War went from war declared to Siege of Paris in a couple of months (actual siege then took another 4 months, but obvs needed less troops) so it wasn't completely unprecedented. I mean it was impossible, the logistics could never work, and a lot of the German staff sort of knew it, but felt they had no option.
Overall Germany felt they 'had' to go to war before Russia industrialised and they faced a two fronted-war against peer opponents and a naval blockade, something that even they knew they couldn't beat. The other option, just not going to war, was ruled out as they expected France would provoke something just to get A-L back.
So there might have been a diplomatic out, but it required backing down considerably from what they'd been doing for the past decade with GB naval rivalry, France was never going to be buddies, and everyone else was a direct threat.
So they turned to military response, found that the war as that was probably going to happen was unwinnable and thus decided to hope on a really risky plan to try and at least surprise the enemy, knock one half of their forces out of the war quickly, then turn around and fight the Russians on land and the British at sea. They were still going to lose at sea, but if France could be taken out, then they thought that they could do enough damage to Russia to get a surrender off them, then Britain would have to call it quits because they weren't going to fight all by themselves.
Urgh...they kind of fucked themselves here, didn't they? No wonder the Entente were so cocky going into the war, they were 'going' to win. They just forgot that they actually still had to fight a war and minimise losses of men and resources on their own side. So I suppose the take-away we should get from all this is not that Germany was doomed (because they were and everyone knew it) but they at times nearly got a white peace anyway, through everyone cocking up so much.
"In war and in chess, the victor is the one who makes the second-to-last mistake."
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stnylan said:
Seems that way old chap. The tragedy is as discussed above, there doesn't seem to be a way out of this mess, even for just one of the powers.
EDIT: Ok, I'm not quite ready to let this go yet because the alternative is fightinf world war one. Is there no recourse of delaying this at least a little bit? Have an internarional summit or something? This would probably be possible if the US president wasn't such an isolationist...
Saying that, I suppose there wouldn't be that much to discuss, but it might work just as a chance for everyone in europe to meet up and try to convince countries to back their side before the shooting starts? Germany especially kind of needs some friends here.


No matter where you turn, you see people talking about gold, gold bars, and gold coins. Gold is expensive and a very wanted precious metal. Behind the scene of the big star called gold, people are trading and enjoying the lovely silver coins and silver bars that are much more affordable for the common man.
In history, silver and gold went together. Important rulers minted their own coins made of silver which were used as a trading currency. Silver was very important and demanded. Also, jewelry made of metal was as demanded as the one made of gold. Today, silver is trailing far behind gold.
However, there are still a lot of silver lovers. Silver is very demanding in India and China. These countries have a long tradition of wearing silver. If we take into consideration that together they both have around 2.5 billion people, we can say that this is an enormous silver market. It seems like it can never go out of fashion knowing that all these people are interested in having an earring made of silver.
If you're one of those people that simply like this precious metal more than gold, or you're one of those people that like to invest in silver bars, read on to find out what is the best place to look for silver. Of course, none of the following is written by priority. Every person has its own preferences and the final decision is yours. We'll explain the positive and the negative sides, and you decide where to buy.


text:
Tectaria menyanthidis är en ormbunkeart som först beskrevs av Presl, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Edwin Bingham Copeland. Tectaria menyanthidis ingår i släktet Tectaria och familjen Tectariaceae. Inga underarter finns listade.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The just-publicly-announced processor bugs related to speculative execution are very serious for any host that runs customer-provided code, whether virtualized or not. We have been working hard internally to apply currently-released mitigations required for them quickly, as we wait for other mitigations from our vendors (for Windows, Linux, and firmware with new Intel microcode, for instance).
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Some sites that talk about the newly-discovered bugs in depth:
https://meltdownattack.com/
https://spectreattack.com
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/01/reading-privileged-memory-with-side.html
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4072698/windows-server-guidance-to-protect-against-the-speculative-execution-s
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The Roosters put on a big second half performance at Allianz Stadium on Saturday night to down the Sea Eagles 42-23.
They got off to the perfect start, scoring the first try of the night through Johnny Tuivasa-Sheck on the right edge.
The Sea Eagles struck back moments later through Jesse Ramien, also scoring on their right edge.
It was a right edge riot to start the second half, as the Roosters took advantage yet again, but this time through Joseph Manu who stormed his way through the defence.
In what was being served up as a back-and-forth encounter, it was only fitting that the Sea Eagles were the next to score.
Billy Bainbridge went over for the Sea Eagles, only on this occasion the right edge was not involved.
The back-and-forth was brought to a halt when Lucas Price split the defence and ran 20 metres to go over for the Sea Eagles.
Luke Chalker was determined to get the lead back for the Roosters, and did just that when he stormed his way through the defence to plant it down just wide of the uprights.
Jesse Ramien bagged a double for the Sea Eagles and levelled the scores just shy of the break.
Nicholas Hynes slotted a field goal to give the Sea Eagles the 1-point lead heading into the sheds at half time.
The Roosters started the second half in style, scoring a try through Bernard Lewis after he got a perfect pass from Kiah Cooper to go over in the corner.
Lewis would go on to bag his double just ten minutes later when he received a bullet pass from Jesse Marschke.
Josh Martin scored for the Sea Eagles to get themselves back into it, but the counter from the Roosters was all class.
Back-to-back tries to Jarrett Boland and Grant Garvey at the back end of the half sealed the deal for the Roosters, winning their third game of the year in Round 4.
Johnny-Tuivasa Sheck scored on the buzzer to make the scoreline even more attractive.


text:
Canadian artist dumped after his 'Pulitzer Prize–worthy' cartoon of Trump golfing next to dead migrants goes viral
Published: July 6, 2019 at 11:41 a.m. ET
Shawn Langlois
Playing through?
TWTR
This cartoon apparently wasn't fit to print in New Brunswick, Canada, and it reportedly cost Michael de Adder his job after the internet got hold of it.
As you can see, de Adder turned the heartbreaking photo of a father and daughter who died trying to cross the Rio Grande into a cartoon slamming Trump for his perceived indifference to the plight of the migrants at the southern border.
"I *literally* gasped audibly when I saw this cartoon," one Twitter TWTR, +3.64% follower replied, capturing the general sentiment across social media toward the illustration. "My husband & children heard & wanted to know what was wrong. I almost couldn't speak to respond. It was that painfully true."
Actor Mark Hamill chimed in, calling the cartoon "Pulitzer Prize–worthy."
While it was clearly a viral hit, the cartoon didn't go over too well with the people signing the checks, according to de Adder:
Wes Tyrell, president of the Association of Canadian Cartoonists, claimed in a Facebook FB, +2.44% post that there's more going on here with the J.D. Irving–owned Brunswick News Inc. than just a controversial cartoon.
"The Irvings have considerable corporate interests in the United States, but why would they care about cartoons potentially offending the American president?" Tyrell wrote. "Trade has been an issue since Trump took office, trade that affects the Irvings directly, not to mention a host of other issues. And the President himself is an unknown quantity who punishes those who appear to oppose him."
The Brunswick News admitted terminating de Adder's contract but denied the cartoon was the cause.
"This is a false narrative which has emerged carelessly and recklessly on social media," BNI said in a statement Sunday. "In fact, BNI was not even offered this cartoon by Mr. de Adder. The decision to bring back reader favourite Greg Perry was made long before this cartoon, and negotiations had been ongoing for weeks."
Meanwhile, de Adder is still at it:
Joe Biden is getting inaugurated as the U.S.'s 46th president on Wednesday in a ceremony like no other, and MarketWatch reporters are giving live updates on the action as it happens.
Shawn Langlois is an editor and writer for MarketWatch in Los Angeles. Follow him on Twitter @slangwise.