text:
Betsey Brown
Author: Ntozake Shange
THE SUN HOVERED BEHIND A PINK HAZE THAT ENgulfed all of St. Louis that Indian summer of 1959. Th e sun was a singular preoccupation with Betsey. She rose with it at least once a week. She'd shake Sharon or Margot outta they beds and run to the back porch on the second floor to watch the horizon set a soft blaze to the city. Their house allowed for innumerable perspectives of the sun. From the terrace off Betsey's room, where she was not 'sposed to stand, she could see the sun catty-cornered over the Victorian houses that dotted the street, behind maples and oaks grown way over the roofs of the sleeping families. On her street you could name the families without children in one breath. Why, one reason to live there was cause there were so many children. Only the Blackmans directly cross from Betsey with their pillars and potted dwarf plants didn't like children, which must be why they didn't have any. In the wintertime Mrs. Blackman would come running out in her furs, shouting for everybody to get off her lawn, even though it was the best one for sledding cause there were two slopes. Whatta shame she couldn't understand that. Yet seen from the terrace, when the dawn came in the winter, Mrs. Blackman's dwarfed plants wrapped in shields of ice glistened like rainbows. Betsey never told Mrs. Blackman that. She didn't mention the shadows of the nuns dressing in the convents, either. There was a preciousness to St. Louis at dawn or dusk that was settling to the child in the midst of a city that rankled with poverty, meanness, and shootings Betsey was only vaguely aware of.
The sun and the stairways protected her, gave her a freedom that was short-lived but never failing. Her house sat on a small hill and there were stairs that went to the front door, but you could use the same stairs to go anywhere around the house cause the stairs also led to a porch that went all the way round the side of the house. That's how come nobody could ever tell exactly where Grandma was. She could be anywhere on that porch just watching you do wrong. Then there were the back stairs, only three of them: one, two, three wooden ones, all creaky and needing paint. Underneath those stairs Betsey helped a stray cat have babies. She lined up worms and rocks. She lay flat on her back sometimes, being quiet and unseen, while everybody went looking for her or while everybody was coming up the steps. She heard a lot of secrets lying under the back stairs. Heard a lot of kissing. Now, kissing is hard to hear, but Charlie kissed back there sometimes. Jane and Greer were always kissing. The stairs to the basement were magnificently narrow, like a dungeon the basement was. In the summer it was ever so cool and in the winter it was warm. Betsey didn't know why more of the family didn't covet the basement. Maybe it was on account of the dark and the smell. It smelled funny down there. Jane said that white folks usedta make the colored help sleep down there. Now that Jane would never do, put a Negro in the basement.
But the best stairs were the back stairs that went all the way to the third floor. These stairs turned this way and then that. Why, a body would hide in a cranny on those stairs and never be found. They were dark, too, a blackish wood gainst blackish walls like servants should never see the light of day. Betsey loved the back stairs that led to the littlest porch on the third floor, which Jane never warned her about, cause Jane'd never seen it, Betsey 'sposed. From there, on fall mornings, in her pajamas and overcoat, Betsey watched the dawn come up over the steeple of the church way down Union Boulevard, past Soldan and the YMHA. The bells would cling a holy cling that no one in the house could hear. They used alarm clocks.
So Betsey had fashioned parameters of her own for the house she shared with everyone else. The only real problem was doors. Every room was connected to another room by a door and Jane forbade anyone to lock the doors. The second floor was a pathway of bedrooms with a hallway right next to it. Only Charlie's room wasn't connected to anything and that was because he was in high school. Betsey didn't see what kinda reason that was to have a room that wasn't connected to everybody else's. That's why Betsey liked to be up before everyone else, out on one of her porches, taking in the world all on her own. There she made up stories or just stayed out of the fracas Sharon, Margot, and Allard would be making all the time. Sound traveled uncannily in this house and everybody was always yelling to everybody else. Arguing all the time. Howdy-Doody or American Bandstand, Little Rock or Amos and Andy.
Alone on her balcony, Betsey luxuriated in the quietness, letting her thoughts ramble.
"Speak up Ike, an' 'spress yo'se'f," Betsey murmured, remembering yesterday afternoon on Union Boulevard when Willetta and Susan Ann had ripped into each other over that basketball champ with the good hair, Benny. Betsey kept trying to remember how Willetta's bra looked and how Susan Ann had scratched Willetta's face with the longest red nails. She was certain that the black-laced bra and the red nails had something to do with the way Mr. Paul Laurence Dunbar wanted her to say, "Speak up Ike, an' 'spress yo'se'f." Some sultry willing- to- fight- over- you,- if- you- give- me- a-chance way of saying the line. Today Mrs. Mitchell was having the elocution contest for Class 7B, Betsey's class, with the kids from cross the tracks and the kids from the right side of em too. Willetta and Susan Ann had gathered such a crowd round em, tearing at each other that way. And Benny, he just went on to the game gainst Sumner, like he didn't know nothin bout all this blood and swearing and cussing going on in his name. It was evil and wicked to fight, but Betsey wanted the grown woman bit of it to rub off on her today when she said, "Speak up Ike, an' 'spress yo'se'f."
"I told you, you had to be out of the bathroom in five minutes! What do you think I'm gonna do? Go to school stink on accounta you take so long, Margot," Sharon was screaming round the corner from Betsey's room. How could she become a great anything with all this foolishness going on around her?
"Listen here, heifer. I'm gonna be in that bathroom in three minutes or you never gonna play with my jacks and I'ma tell Jeannie not to speak to you ever again. Do you hear me? Do you hear me?"
Sharon was kicking the bathroom door with her saddles making black streaks long the sideboard when Jane rolled over in her bed to touch Greer, just once more before her hellish day began. Where was Betsey with her coffee? Why was Sharon shouting the devil out in the hall? How could all this be happening to her?
"Sharon, I am going to whip you good, if I hear you call your sister or anybody else a heifer. Do you hear me? Just wait your turn. The boys are finished and you'll have plenty of time." Jane managed to raise her voice, if not her body. Something had to be done with all these children. "Greer, please, let's not have any more children. But can we make a little bitty bit of love?" Jane was tustled in a mass of auburn hair. Somehow her lavender nightgown was entwined in her arms beneath the pillows. She rolled toward her husband, who, as always when in a good mood, grabbed her reddish ringlets and pulled her mouth to his. The answer was yes, a long and sweet yes.
"Betsey, Betsey, where's my coffee?" Jane breathed deep, longing for more of her Greer and that caffeine. She could smell the coffee perking downstairs, which meant that Mama was up and about, making lunches for all the children. "Betsey, where is my coffee?" Greer nuzzled a little closer and Jane simmered down and was all purr and open. She forgot about coffee.
Betsey wasn't even dressed, and she hadn't gotten her mama's coffee or her lines right yet. She ran like the Holy Ghost down the back stairs to set up Jane's cup and saucer before Grandma had to do it and broke something. "Speak up Ike, an' 'spress yo'se'f" rambling through her mind, her little girl hips twitched the way she imagined Susan Ann's had after she left Willetta in the street with nothing but her panties on. Not even a ponytail clasp was on that child once Susan Ann was done. Grandma sure enough had the coffee done.
"Seems to me a child could make an effort to take her hardworking mother a teeny ol' cup of coffee," Grandma murmured in her Carolinian drawl. There was a way about Vida that was so lilting yet direct that Betsey sometimes thought her grandma had a bloodline connection to Scarlett O'Hara.
"I'm sorry, Grandma, but I was practicing my elocution."
"You should have practiced your elocution last evening, instead of jumping all that colored double roping with those trashy gals from round the way."
Grandma poured her daughter's coffee, knowing full well what was goin on upstairs. Her daughter didn't have no common sense, that was the problem. Awready there was a house fulla chirren and she wouldn't stop messin' with that Greer. Jane was lucky, Grandma thought. None of the chirren looked like him, all dark and kinky-headed. Now it was true that Betsey had a full mouth. Margot was chocolate brown. Sharon had a head fulla nappy hair. Allard was on the flat-nosed side. But in Grandma's mind Jane had been blessed, cause each of the chirren was sprightly and handsome on a Geechee scale, not them island ones but the Charlestonians who'd been light or white since slavery. But Grandma didn't like to think bout slavery. She was most white. Slaves and alla that had nothing to do with her family, until Jane insisted on bringing this Greer into the family and he kept making family. Lord knows who could help her.
"Here, Betsey, you carry this on up to your mama, and tell her I said that Allard needs to be looked at for the ringworm and Charlie needs a whipping for calling Sharon out of her name and all the lunches are packed, but I do feel a mite weak and need to rest my bones. I do wish she would quit that old job social-workering and mind you chirren more. I surely do."
Betsey took the coffee from Grandma ever so carefully. She was running late. Her teeth weren't even brushed yet and Charlie was in the bathroom for the second time. Mama still didn't have her coffee, and wouldn't have it when she imagined, cause Betsey drank the whole cup by the time she reached the top of the back stairs that twisted this way and that, leaving a girl time to dream of things to come and womanish ways.
When Betsey reached the top of the winding stairs with the empty cup, she quickly swallowed the little bit that had dropped into the saucer and with military precision made an about face, balancing her mother's wedding china in one hand, feigning a fan in the other, whispering, "Speak up Ike, 'spress yo'se'f." She could hear Charlie and Sharon arguing about how long was the circumference of the world. Margot adding, "As big as your head." Betsey almost dropped the delicate flowered cup rimmed with gold, seemingly atop a throne of its own. Jane was strolling down the hall, shouting the other way, "Betsey, where's my coffee?"
Sharon was trying to comb Margot's head a hair with a brush that looked like it was only big enough for Betsy Wetsy. "I can't help it. It's the only one I could find." Margot was tying Allard's shoes as he looked around the ceilings for shadows where the spooks that swept down on him in his dreams must live. "I know they're up there, Sharon. Let's getta broom and beat em to the death. Okay?" Sharon had Margot making faces verging on distortion; that hair, that hair had to be combed or Mama was gonna have a fit. "Well, we could tie it with a shoestring in a ponytail," Sharon conceded. Margot smiled so much she cried one big tear. Allard kept trying to get their attention: "Listen, if you all don't help me beat out them spooks, I'm gonna burn em up."
Together Sharon and Margot shouted, "Allard, keep your hands off them matches, do you hear?" Jane heard. Greer was apparently downstairs, already strains of Charlie Parker waft ed through the house. Jane was powdering herself by her vanity in a gleam of nostalgia by her wedding photo. Oh that day had been so perfect, so soft and white. Whatta night they had at the Savoy. Why, she danced until she most fainted. Jane giggled and then regained her more official "mother's" stance as Betsey entered the room.
"Well, Betsey, I thought you must have gone all the way to Guatemala to get my coffee."
"No, Mommy, I just was practicing my elocution, when the kids were making all this noise and you wanted your coffee and Grandma insisted on telling me how lucky we look the way we look because of Daddy. There was an awful lot goin on, Mama, honest."
Jane smiled at her miracle child. The baby she thought she couldn't have. What an error of judgment that had been. Still and all, Betsey was her first baby and close to her heart in a peculiar way, as if some real part of her walked out the door every time Betsey went down the front stairs or leaned gossiping, girl-like, over the back porch. Jane pulled Betsey to her, then took a few sips of coffee made exactly how she liked, milk in first, two sugars. And plenty of coffee. Jane still insisted on having her good china and cloth napkins for her coffee upstairs. "There's no reason to give up everything gracious on account of a few moments of hardship" was what she always said if Betsey brought a paper napkin or a mug to her room.
"Mama, you wanna listen to a little bit of my elocution preparation? I'm doing Mr. Paul Laurence Dunbar."
Jane thought, taking her time mischievously, and then shook her head yes.
"Betsey, of course I want to hear your interpretation of Dunbar, but hurry. You know your daddy's getting the morning quiz ready."
Betsey ran to her mama's closet and grabbed the first red womany thing she saw, a scarlet slip she draped round her hips. Jane's eyebrows rose, but she contained herself. After all, elocution was close to theater. Betsey stationed herself by her mother in front of the vanity, wanting to watch her every gesture and facial expression. Mama knew this poem awready, so she had to be good, or at least that's what she thought.
Jane thought anything her little girl did was just fine, but it pleased her that Betsey wanted to impress her.
"Who dat knockin' at de do'?
Why, Ike Johnson, yes, fu' sho!
Come in, Ike. I's mighty glad
You come down. I t'ought you's mad
At me 'bout de othah night,
An was stayin' 'way fu' spite.
Say, now, was you mad fu' true
W'en I kin' o' laughed at you?
Speak up, Ike, an 'spress yo'se'f."
Betsey sashayed and threw her teeny hips, glinted her eyes, and coyly demonstrated her newly learned skills as coquette, much to her mother's delight. Jane hugged her girl and was about to offer some dramatic advice, when the morning rituals, authorized and unauthorized, overshadowed them and inter rupted that very special moment they'd shared.
"Who's got my geography book?"
"Come on, tie my shoes."
"That dress is not yours. Give it here."
"Lord, Lord, please help me with these chirren."
"I'ma tell Daddy you took my books."
"I bet you won't have no backside side, if he gets holdt to ya."
"Come tie my shoes, please."
"For God's sake, somebody tie Allard's shoes."
"Margot, you better do something with that mess you call hair."
"You said you would comb it for me."
"She sure 'nough did."
"Where's my geography book?"
"Somebody tie Allard's shoes, fore he trips over himself."
"I'ma tell Daddy." The refrain arose from everyone's lips.
No one could find Allard to tie his shoes. Meanwhile Greer had strapped his conga drum round his shoulder. It was the one he'd brought from Cuba where Sharon was conceived under a sky of shooting stars, or so the story went. As if he were a southern Mongo Santamaria, Greer mamboed up the back stairs, through the halls, and down the front steps, gathering the mass of family he called his own, chanting all the while.
"The Negro race is a mighty one
The work of the Negro is never done
Muscle, brains, and courage galore
Negroes in this house
Meet me at the back door
Oh! the Negro race is a mighty one
Excerpted from Betsey Brown: A Novel by Ntozake Shange.
Copyright © 1985 by Ntozake Shange.
Published in 1985 by St. Martin's Griffin
All rights reserved. This work is protected under copyright laws and reproduction is strictly prohibited. Permission to reproduce the material in any manner or medium must be secured from the Publisher.
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Praised as "exuberantly engaging" by the Los Angeles Times and a "beautiful, beautiful piece of writing" by the Houston Post, acclaimed artist Ntozake Shange brings to life the...
Praised as "exuberantly engaging" by the Los Angeles Times and a "beautiful, beautiful piece of writing" by the Houston Post, acclaimed artist Ntozake Shange brings to life the story of a young girl's awakening amidst her country's seismic growing pains. Set in St. Louis in 1957, the year of the Little Rock Nine, Shange's story reveals the prismatic effect of racism on an American child and her family. Seamlessly woven into this masterful portrait of an extended family is the story of Betsey's adolescence, the rush of first romance, and the sobering responsibilities of approaching adulthood.
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Reading Guides for Betsey Brown
"A lyrical coming-of-age novel." —The New York Times
"The pages go whoosh!" —Kirkus Reviews on Sin City
"Shange is a superb storyteller who keeps her eye on what brings her characters together rather than what separates them…. After you've read Betsey Brown to yourself, you can read it aloud to a friend." —The New York Times Book Review
"It's the truth Betsey Brown is a beautiful, beautiful piece of writing." —Houston Post
"Shange has re-created a humorous, charming, and heartbreaking vision of St. Louis and the Brown family that will delight young and old. She can conjure, as if by magic.... Betsey Brown is like an enchanting melody." —St. Louis Post-Dispatch
"Ntozake Shange is a unique and gifted, literary executant and works under strong impulses to do things her own way despite settled conventions of craft. The author's peculiar chemistry (a synonym for talent), plus her singlemindedness, has brought her a decided victory. She has made Betsey Brown live. We care about the child and wonder what will happen to her, how she will fare. This doubtless was the author's intention and mission." —Chicago Sun Times
"No contemporary writer has Shange's uncanny gift for immersing herself within the situations and points-of-view of so many different types of women. No wonder she has achieved an almost oracular status among her female readers. She is a writer of many masks. She can serenade you, and she can cut you; she can chirp, as well as growl; she can delight, as well as antagonize." —Ishmeal Reed
"Betsey Brown is a joy to read. Every sentence seems filled with a delicate, jubilant, sly, comical, musical brio. The energy, good humor, imagination and joie de vivre make this novella refreshing exception to most contemporary fiction." —Philip Lopate
"Ntozake Shange's writings compose one long, continuous song: by part blues medley, swaying gospel melody, plaintive torch ballad." —Washington Times


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Britain could have an Ordinariate by new year
Anna Arco
Britain could have an Ordinariate by the end of the year, it emerged today.
Sources say that the Rt Rev Keith Newton, the flying bishop of Richborough and the Rt Rev Andrew Burnham, the flying Bishop of Ebbsfleet will take up the special canonical structure, which allows groups of Anglicans to come into full Communion with Rome without losing their Anglican identity, before the end of the calendar year.
Groups of Anglicans are already forming across the country in preparation for joining an ordinariate, according to the blog of the retired Bishop of Richborough, the Rt Rev Edwin Barnes.
In his October pastoral letter, Bishop Burnham wrote that ordinariate groups would likely be small congregations of thirty or so people.
Traditionally-minded Anglican clergy from the South of England were gathering at a Sacred Synod in Westminster today to discuss the future direction of the Church of England. The meeting was called by the Rt Rev John Ford, the Anglican Bishop of Plymouth. He invited the signatories of a 2008 open letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams and the Archbishop of York, Dr John Sentamu, which expressed reservations over women bishops.
The meeting was being held only days after Pope Benedict told Catholic bishops in England and Wales and Scotland to see the offer made in the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum coetibus as a "prophetic gesture".
The apostolic constitution was a topic discussed at the Synod, according to Bishop Burnham.
In a statement Bishop Burnham said that Anglicanorum coetibus offered "Anglo-Catholics the way to full communion with the Catholic Church for which they worked and prayed for at least a century and it is a way in which they will be 'united and not absorbed'."
He said that discussions were under way about how the "vision of the Apostolic Constitution" could be implemented" and said the first people to take up the initiative would require vision and courage.
He quoted Pope Benedict's speech to the bishops of England, Wales and Scotland, saying the Holy Father set his offer to Anglicans "firmly within the developing ecumenical dialogue" and said it was an "an exciting initiative for those for whom the vision of Anglican Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC) of corporate union has shaped their thinking over recent years".
The issue, he said, was "the ministry of the Pope himself, as the successor of St Peter. Anglicans who accept that ministry as it is presently exercised will want to respond warmly to the Apostolic Constitution". He said: "Those who do not accept the ministry of the Pope or would want to see that ministry in different ways will not feel able to accept Anglicanorum Coetibus."
Bishop Burnham added: "The decision to respond to the provisions of the Apostolic Constitution is not dependent on the decisions of the General Synod or on any particular issue of church order. The initiative should be judged on its own merit. It will require courage, and vision on the part of those who accept the invitation, particularly amongst the first to respond.
"Although there are few practical details at present in the public forum, discussions have already been taking place as to how the vision of the Apostolic Constitution can be implemented. It is expected that the first groups will be small congregations, energetically committed to mission and evangelism and serving the neighbourhood in which they are set."
In the pastoral letter, the third in series about the ordinariate, Bishop Burnham described two reasons for taking up the offer made in Anglicanorum coetibus and said that it taking up the offer was not a matter to be considered lightly.
He wrote: "Joining the Ordinariate is not a matter to be considered lightly. Clergy who do so put their stipends and pensions, their homes and their security at risk. In some cases the response of laity will be so enthusiastic that whole congregations might be able to move together, with their parish priest. In most cases, the Ordinariate groups will be church-planting new congregations, congregations of perhaps only thirty or so people to start with, but thirty enthusiasts nonetheless.
"Such congregations of activists will probably grow rapidly, but there, of course, lies another risk. There are many clergy and laity who would love to possess the courage for this pioneering venture but they simply do not. Not everyone is at heart a risk-all pioneer. Not everyone can be: we all have real responsibilities to families to balance against the radical demand of the Gospel."
There is some speculation that October 9, the feast of Blessed John Henry Newman, Britain's most prominent Anglican convert to Catholicism, could be the date on which an ordinariate will be announced.
Pope Benedict XVI announced the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum coetibus in November 2009. It came as a response to requests from prominent Anglo-Catholics and offered a new canonical structure, similar to military dioceses called personal ordinariates in order to allow groups of Anglicans to enter into communion with Rome without losing their Anglican identity. The personal ordinariate covers a geographical area but has its own leadership and answers to the Pope.
Bishop Alan Hopes, an auxiliary of Westminster Archdiocese and Bishop Malcolm McMahon of Nottingham are in charge of the Bishops' conference commission dealing with Anglicans wanting to take up the ordinariate.
Tags Anglicanorum coetibus Anglicans Ango-Catholics Rt Rev Keith Newton Rt Revd Andrew Burnham Rt Revd Dr John Sentamu Rt Revd Dr Rowan Williams Rt Revd Edwin Barnes
The new archbishop-elect of Sydney: 'Being a bishop is not all misery'
Today, for the first time, Benedict XVI is entering the land of the Reformation
Institute of Christ the King to take over landmark Wirral church
St Patrick's Soho Square: a quiet beacon radiating hope through the heart of London
Daily Readings: May 29 – June 4
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John Paul II is blessed!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of the most diverse and dynamic areas of Scottsdale is beginning a facelift that will make getting around easier for commuters, residents and employees.
Work starts this month on the Mustang Transit Path Connection which will improve access from the Camelback Walk greenbelt to the Mustang Library.
Sections of the multi-use path will be completely rebuilt in that area to make them compliant with the federal Americans with Disabilities Act. Public art also will be incorporated into the path, according to a press release.
The path connection is the first phase of a larger project that will add a variety of transportation improvements along 90th Street, including transit amenities, a roundabout at the library entrance and a new traffic signal serving the HonorHealth Shea Medical Center driveway.
The Camelback Walk greenbelt is a popular recreation corridor for walkers, joggers and bicyclists, the release stated. It connects to the Indian Bend Wash Greenbelt and with path systems north of Shea that link with the McDowell Sonoran Preserve.
Camelback Walk also provides a park-like respite for roughly 24,000 employees who work within a half-mile radius of the 90th Street/Shea intersection.
The Mustang Transit Path Connection project's cost is about $380,000 and completion is expected by this fall. The city council is scheduled this fall to consider a construction contract for the second phase of the project — which includes the larger traffic and transit improvements along 90th Street.


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For me, one of the highlights of the 2012 AWP conference was attending the panel "Surprise Me." The description of the panel stated:
"We've come a long way from the days when you could end a story by revealing that the diamonds were fake. Yet the best short fiction still pleasures us with the unexpected, and when stories fail, it's often exactly because they don't surprise. This panel of short story writers, fiction editors, and teachers will investigate the kinds of surprises that give the reader that sense of the floor dropping away, while maintaining the organic integrity of the fictional dream."
Of course this panel interested me. As the editor of a book called Structure & Surprise, I'm clearly fascinated by surprise, and I find surprise to be a key element of virtually all kinds of creative writing. More specifically, I'm very interested in a kind of surprise that I've come to call "fitting surprise," that is, surprise that is not merely shocking but somehow fits its context. It is this, frankly, magical mixture that gives so much writing its power. I'm not the only one to think so; I've collected a number of quotations from various writers, artists, critics, and commentators who seem to indicate that they, too, find fitting surprise (by whatever name they call it) particularly powerful. (You can find these quotations here.)
Based on its description, which promised surprises that both shocked and yet kept "the organic integrity of the fictional dream" intact, "Surprise Me" seemed like it had the potential to be a panel that could possibly deliver more thinking on vitally important "fitting surprise." I was not disappointed. Indeed, I was treated to a panel in which each of the presenters–Edward Porter, Robin Black, Tracy Winn, and Erin Stalcup–offered a revelatory reflection on the intricacies of creating complex, satisfying surprises, and, often, they spoke directly to the effort to create fitting surprise. If you ever come across an essay by any one of them that seems to indicate that it will be about surprise, read it–even if you're a poet, it will be worth it.
Here is a sample of how good the whole panel was–the following is Erin Stalcup's presentation:
Diane Arbus writes, "It's what I've never seen before that I recognize," which I hear as an argument for surprise in all art. I'm particularly interested in surprise at the endings of short stories—when I recognize what I didn't see coming. The stories I love, I can't look away from—I want to lose my breath, I want the floor to drop away, I want to be blown away—and often this happens at the very end, sometimes the last line. John Gardner said that every ending should be both surprising and inevitable, so I'm curious how to make that work when the ending is heavy on the surprise part. I'd argue that sheer reversal in an ending results in unsatisfying surprise. The classic stories that end in a switch are fun to read, but you can only read them once: Guy de Maupassant wrote "The Necklace" in 1884, and O. Henry wrote "The Gift of the Magi" in 1905, and most people probably know those plots by heart, but the surprise of reversal is the only purpose of the story, which ruins future readings. Interestingly, both stories were first published in newspapers, a forum that asks for a single reading, then disposal. Those stories offer pleasure, they fulfill a human craving for reversal that's possibly left over from myths and fairytales—but they aren't the most satisfying stories I know, and I don't want to write stories like them. That kind of surprise feels old fashioned, historical.
Strangely, composition theorist Peter Elbow's application of philosopher Kenneth Burke's ideas of form is what has most helped me work out my ideas of how to generate effective surprise.
Kenneth Burke writes, "[F]orm is the creation of an appetite in the mind of the [reader], and an adequate satisfying of that appetite. . . Form, having to do with the creation and gratification of needs, is 'correct' in so far as it gratifies the need it creates." Peter Elbow first applies this idea to music, then to essays, and he says, "Music tends to bring us to a state of final satisfaction by way of a journey through nonsatisfactions, half satisfactions, and temporary satisfactions: degrees of yearning and relief." I'd argue this is a perfect description for what stories should do, as well—yearning and relief are what keep us turning pages. But how can that final relief, the rest we get at the end of a story's journey, be not just still, but also surprising? I think the way that can happen is by having the ending of a story satisfy an appetite that the reader didn't know she had.
I'm going to give an extended reading of one story, and a brief synopsis of two others, and I tried to pick well-known examples that I hope most people in the room have read. In Denis Johnson's "Car Crash While Hitchhiking," surprise shows up in the very last line. I think it's effective because I've been made to subconsciously crave it by the way the story is structured.
The title tells us what to expect, I'm given a conscious appetite to see cars crash, so the collision itself cannot be the surprise in this story. Johnson doesn't even let us wonder which car will crash: the first paragraph tells us that the narrator receives three safe rides, and the fourth one is the doomed one. The narrator himself knows what will happen—made prescient by drugs, when he meets the man, wife, and two children, he thinks, "You are the ones"—but then we go back, and are given the story of the three rides before that, driving while taking amphetamines, Canadian Club, and hashish, the three trips we know will end well, but that never feel safe as we experience them. This is a classic way of building tension in the story—we're waiting to come back to that condemned car—but a more specific way of labeling that tension might be that we experience "nonsatisfactions, half satisfactions, and temporary satisfactions" before we get there.
The crash itself is surprising in two ways—its description is lyrical and lovely, and the narrator behaves strangely: after he "commenced bouncing back in forth" under a "rain" of human blood, he picks up the unhurt baby and walks away from the crash, has an extended, very calm conversation with an onlooker, then walks back to look at the man from the other car who is dying. He says, "I looked down into the great pity of a person's life on this earth. I don't mean that we all end up dead, that's not the great pity. I mean that he couldn't tell me what he was dreaming, and I couldn't tell him what was real." The crash we were promised is now over, but the story goes on. All the characters go to the hospital, and in a stunning paragraph the narrator says surprising things:
"Down the hall came the wife. She was glorious, burning. She didn't know yet that her husband was dead. We knew. That's what gave her such power over us. The doctor took her into a room with a desk at the end of the hall, and from under the closed door a slab of brilliance radiated as if, by some stupendous process, diamonds were being incinerated in there. What a pair of lungs! She shrieked as I imagined an eagle would shriek. It felt wonderful to be alive to hear it! I've gone looking for that feeling everywhere."
The speaker tells the doctors there's nothing wrong with him, and that reminds him of a time, years after this event, when he is admitted to Detox and similarly lies. He explains a string of surreal images he hallucinated then, and the story ends with this:
"It was raining. Gigantic ferns leaned over us. The forest drifted down a hill. I could hear a creek rushing down among rocks. And you, you ridiculous people, you expect me to help you."
I'm sure some people consider this ending ineffective surprise, this rupturing of the fourth wall, this admittance of an audience. It breaks the fictional dream, pulls me out of the story, but having the floor drop away in this way is thrilling, for this reader. A narrator who loves the sound of screeching sorrow, whose drugs have made him both loony and lucid—I want this story to be about me, even though I've never lived a life like that. The form of the story made me hungry for something beyond a car crash, and this narrator's surprising way of seeing the world has made me hungry to listen to him talk, but what he's been telling me about is the transcendence of destruction, so he's made me hungry to somehow experience that, too—though I couldn't have said I wanted to experience destruction. In the end, it's satisfying to have my expectations destroyed, to be told this narrator, this writer, can do nothing for me. He's said he wants to communicate, he wants to talk about dreams and reality, but we can't. Yet, paradoxically, this does something for me—it gives me an experience I've never before had. There's a satisfying duality in this ending, which I'll say more about a bit later.
I think a lesson can be learned from this story—car crashes are not inherently surprising, or even inherently interesting. What happens in a story is not important, what's important is who it happens to. Characters make plots resonant. Though, effective surprise does not have to be as dramatic as this. I'll briefly look at two other stories.
At the end of Raymond Carver's "Cathedral" the narrator—who has no friends, whose own wife doesn't really like him—intimately touches hands and draws cathedrals with the blind guest he's made clear he dislikes. But what's so great about this surprising ending is that it's not a simple reversal of a jerk into a good guy. This is not a life-changing event; he's going to be a jerk tomorrow, probably. But for this one moment, he's feeling something I wanted him to have the capacity to feel, but I could not have possibly predicted he would feel it in precisely this way.
In Amy Hempel's "The Cemetery Where Al Jolson is Buried," the narrator leaves her best friend on her deathbed to instead drive her convertible "too fast down the Coast highway through the crab-smelling air […to] stop in Malibu for sangria, […] papaya and shrimp and watermelon ice, […then] vibrate with life, and stay up all night." In "Cathedral," I wanted to see a schmuck behave well, and here, I had an unarticulated appetite to see someone behave badly. But this story doesn't end there; it doesn't even end with humans. We're told the friend was "moved to the cemetery, the one where Al Jolson is buried," and the final paragraph is about a chimp who knows sign language, who taught its baby to sign, "And when the baby died, the mother stood over the body, her wrinkled hands moving with animal grace, forming again and again the words: Baby, come hug. Baby, come hug, fluent now in the language of grief." It's a bold move to leave the characters of the story behind, to go somewhere else entirely, but the narrator can't explain her grief herself. The mosaic structure and lists of trivia throughout have prepared me to both be shocked by this ending, and see it as the only way to end.
The stories I've picked show my taste, but I think this same idea can be applied to stories both more conventional, and more unconventional—writers as far ranging as Flannery O'Connor, John Cheever, Gilbert Sorrentino, and Donald Bartleme do similar things in their fiction, and others.
In all ends of stories, surprising or not, I appreciate the sense of duality, feeling like the narrator or character is in two different times periods or two different places; duality allows me, the reader, to bounce around in the tension, be neither here nor there, and it makes an ending feel dynamic, not a static stopping. Anything surprising revealed in the end of a story must push the story forward, not simply throw the reader backward. That's why pure reversal isn't effective: there is no duality, only singularity. Complexity is diminished. When I learn the diamonds are fake, I go back and revise what I've read, but then the story is over. I don't learn anything meaningful about any character. When I learn that Della has sold her hair for a watch chain and Jim has sold his watch for hair combs, their love is revealed, but the coincidence feels silly, tricky, not deep and abiding.
In the stories I talked about here I am pushed forward, past the story, to thinking about what will happen next, how my understandings of these characters has intensified. Susan Neville once told me that an ending should be like a spark that lights the fuse of a firecracker, which goes exploding back through the story. I agree. But I don't want an ending to just do that—I have to imagine the sound moving outward as well. Maybe it's more that an ending should be like a gong sounding, or a bell, those reverberations shaking back through the story, and forward also. Wells Tower just visited theUniversityofNorth Texas, and he described an ending's forward momentum as "striking a note in the key of the future." I think this forward and backward effect is not what makes an ending surprising, it's what makes any ending good—I'm thinking of the ending to "Sonny's Blues," the cup of trembling, which is the perfect ending, but isn't really shocking. This duality needs to exist in every ending, I believe. But when it's present in a surprising ending, that's what makes the ending not a static reversal. The best endings have that recognition of something I've never seen, the satisfaction of an appetite I hadn't felt until it was satiated, the simultaneous realization of hunger and fulfillment.
Erin Stalcup's fiction has appeared in [PANK],The Kenyon Review, Kenyon Review Online, The Sun, and other magazines. After receiving her MFA from Warren Wilson College's Program for Writers, she taught in schools and prisons throughout New York City and Western North Carolina. She's currently a PhD student at the University of North Texas, where she's finishing her first collection,Gravity & Other Stories, and starting a novel.
My thanks to Erin Stalcup for permission to reprint her presentation.
« Turn, Turn, Turn Nicholas Royle's Veering »
Date : March 25, 2012
Tags: Erin Stalcup, fitting surprise
Categories : fitting surprise
Nicholas Royle's Veering « Structure & Surprise (20:47:37) :
[…] –Additionally, a panel at the 2012 AWP conference investigated the qualities of excellent turns in short stories. Read Erin Stalcup's panel presentation here. […]
Surprised by Syntax: Stanley Fish on the Sentence's Turns « Structure & Surprise (17:57:18) :
[…] especially some of the comments on the surprises that can be found in fiction (available here, and here), which fleshes out Fish's notion of "an angle of lean" by suggesting that a […]
The Structure and Surprise Blog Turns 100! | Structure & Surprise (10:04:58) :
[…] been my great pleasure to publish or republish work by colleagues–such as Bradley Paul and Erin Stalcup–and former students–including Vera Miller, Emily Susina, and Anjelica Rodriquez, […]


text:
Q: Convert multiple level string to jsonobject cause java.lang.StackOverflowError I am using Java 7 with org.json-20120521.jar to convert json string to JSONObject.
Then the object will be used in another method
My json string contain multiple levels.
When I parse the string, error message will be thrown as
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
    at java.lang.CharacterDataLatin1.digit(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Character.digit(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Character.digit(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Long.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at org.json.JSONObject.stringToValue(JSONObject.java:1279)
    at org.json.JSONTokener.nextValue(JSONTokener.java:389)
    at org.json.JSONObject.<init>(JSONObject.java:212)
    at org.json.JSONTokener.nextValue(JSONTokener.java:363)
    at org.json.JSONObject.<init>(JSONObject.java:212)
                             ...

Follow are my example code

*

*My JSON String : http://www.filehosting.org/file/details/454634/test.txt

*Main Java Code:

NOTE: I have tried to test my json string with another libraries such
  as gson-2.2.4.jar and json-simple-1.1.1.jar, both libraries work fine.

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;

import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;

import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;

/**
 *
 */
public class TestJSON
{

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        FileInputStream stream = null;
        try
        {
            stream = new FileInputStream(new File("test.txt"));
            Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, "UTF-8"));
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            char[] buffer = new char[8192];
            int read;
            while ((read = reader.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) > 0)
            {
                builder.append(buffer, 0, read);
            }
            String str = builder.toString();

            convertByGSON(str);
            convertByJSON(str);
            convertBySimple(str);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {

        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
                stream.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    private static void convertByJSON(String str)
    {
        try
        {
            JSONObject json = new JSONObject(str);
            System.out.println("Finish1");
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (Error e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void convertByGSON(String str)
    {
        try
        {
            JsonParser parser = new JsonParser();
            JsonElement jsonE = parser.parse(str);
            JsonObject json = jsonE.getAsJsonObject();
            System.out.println("Finish2");
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (Error e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void convertBySimple(String str)
    {
        try
        {
            JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
            org.json.simple.JSONObject parsed = (org.json.simple.JSONObject)parser.parse(str);
            System.out.println("Finish3");
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (Error e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

How can I solve this problem?
Thanks in advance.
earist

A: The problem is your JSON is too 'deep'. There are too many nested properties. The org.json parser gets the StackOverflowError because there are too many recursive method calls.
Even if you change your json library, you can still run in same problem when you try to traverse your parsed object recursively.
For example if you try to pretty print the object with Gson
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
String json = gson.toJson(json);

the same with json-simple:
String json = parsed.toJSONString();

To solve the issue you should either reconsider the JSON structure or increase the JRE stack  size f.x. -Xss4m

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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'Black-birding' is a British term which was used to speak of the 19th century Pacific labor/slave trade for the colonialists. Australia, France, Britain, Germany and the United States were the main traders. Blackbirding mostly involved kidnapping and trickery (to sign contracts) for laboring in mines and plantations in South America, the U.S., Canadian West Coast, and Australia and their colonies.
In addition, many of the Pacific islands themselves had small plantations for workers to be transported to work from other islands. They often worked alongside Japanese, Chinese, and others in later years, tricked or stolen to do labor in farming. As you can surmise, there were many relationships and marriages between different groups as time went on.
During this period, similar to the most brutal of African slave-trade stories you have heard, the conditions and behaviors meted out to the islanders during capture, transport, and/or working life, were horrendous.
Many scholars and artists today, speak of the African slaves brought to work in places such as Peru, Brazil, Australia, and elsewhere. Many of their research, I'm afraid, is influenced by the 'Atlantic slave-trade' consciousness, as far as the identity of darker-skinned people. In addition, many scholars including archeologists, are determined to collapse Asian dark-skinned people as original Africans. I do not believe that this is so in every case. I prefer to think of dark-skinned people as having been in many places. These people have been on earth for tens of thousands of years.
Many scholars also 'white-wash' and dilute, in order to refuse, deny, hide, and distort the histories of the Pacific slave trade, making it more of a 'migration' or 'recruitment' imagination, twisting history away from what was going on. It is true that many were forcibly taken or deceptively recruited and then thrown into manual labor and displacements to far away places in a way differing from the Atlantic African slave trade. However, the effects and violence were similar in many ways. This cannot be refuted, as more research is done and we actually 'Listen" to the stories of the indigenous and black-Asians that are alive today. They know their heritages.
From colonizing Hawaii to slave practices that stole bodies and decimating communities in Fiji, Samoa, Guam, Tahiti, Micronesia, the Solomons, the Hebrides, and almost all islands in the middle to southern Pacific, massacres, using kidnapping and false promises for 'peaceful and willing' recruitment. Of course, many died from contact with diseases from Europeans and Euro-Americans, as well. Families were torn apart and the vulnerable–mostly women and children, were stolen to also toil in mines and fields, and then to survive.
We should note that the Pacific slave trade intensified *AFTER* the laws freeing the slaves in the United States was passed.
These tribal people have not disappeared. Although decimated, they have been thriving and growing in numbers in recent years, as the world's powerful nations have concentrated on other wars and colonial projects. There is a growing reality of linking various dark-skinned Pacific peoples with the other indigenous and native groups in Asia and the Americas and Europe (such as the Sami people of Finland) to form fourth and fifth world solidarities and fight for their rights in the present age, which they continue to have to do. The world structure continues to purposefully or unintentionally through ignorance, be invested in making them a 'people of the past' and cannot see the Black-Asian peoples and other indigenous people as present now, here. My thinking is that this is due to the fact that most people do not know anything about this history. Because of this, as mentioned before, there is an 'African' and 'African-American-izing' of Black peoples. This is also a problem.
Blackbirding is also still present. Many more Africans, Asian, and Latin peoples are being forcibly, in many ways and techniques, displaced. In the present world system, more than any other, bodies are used for the labor-duties of the dominant. Even pleasure, is made into this. Making it worse, as is the case everywhere, this form of power and degradation is seen as something to access for gaining wealth and power and/or just to survive, as many non-Europeans mimic this and begin their own blackbirding for various reasons. The controversies surrounding 'Human Trafficking' are linked with this intensely. History is not past. It is now.
Thank you for your hard work, time, and effort for this valuable information.


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Home » Cities » Lucknow » Everyone seeks a pie of Phoolan's legacy
Everyone seeks a pie of Phoolan's legacy
Political parties in the state are keen to revive the legacy of Phoolan Devi and win over the Nishad community to which she belonged.
IANS | Lucknow | July 24, 2021 2:18 pm
Photo: IANS
Twenty years after she died, former bandit queen and then MP, Phoolan Devi, is all set to make a 'comeback in the next Uttar Pradesh assembly elections.
Her family members, meanwhile, are fighting their own battles.
Phoolan Devi had emerged as an icon of the Nishad community when she avenged her exploitation and humiliation with the Behmai massacre where she gunned down 20 Thakurs on February 14, 1981.
After serving a jail sentence, she joined the Samajwadi Party when the then chief minister Mulayam Singh Yadav withdrew the cases against her in 1994.
She went on to become a Member of Parliament twice.
She married Umed Singh but her happiness was short-lived and Phoolan was shot dead at her Delhi residence on July 25, 2001. She was only 38.
Now with assembly elections round the corner in Uttar Pradesh, various political outfits are trying to claim Phoolan's legacy.
The fledgling Nishad Party, led by Sanjay Nishad, is trying to revive Phoolan's legacy and seek rightful share for the community.
"We want a statue of Phoolan Devi in Gorakhpur. She is an icon and deserves to be respected as one. The Nishad community must be given reservation in the scheduled caste category and all cases against our community members must be withdrawn," he has demanded.
The Vikassheel Insaan Party (VIP) of Bihar has gone a step further and is now making a foray into Uttar Pradesh politics, armed with 18 statues of Phoolan Devi that it plans to install in all divisional headquarters of the state.
Chaudhary Lautan Ram Nishad, a senior leader of the community, says, "We are being denied permission for installing statues and the officials say that Phoolan Devi was a criminal. She was not convicted for any crime and was elected to the Lok Sabha twice. We are going to observe July 25 as 'Martyr's Day in her memory."
Lautan Ram Nishad, who heads the Rashtriya Nishad Sangh, explains why the Nishad needs to fortify their political presence in Uttar Pradesh.
"The Nishad community and its sub-castes like Mallah, Kevat, Bind, Manjhi, Ghevar, Raikwar, and Kawar constitute almost 1.78 crores of the state's population. There are 1.5 Lakh members of the community in 160 assembly seats but the community has remained in the wings because we did not have a strong leadership till now," he says.
Kunwar Singh Nishad, once a BJP leader, has now quit the party and is taking out Nishad Yatras to seek reservations for his community. He also plans to use Phoolan's death anniversary to put the spotlight on his agitation.
The Nishad vote is about 18 percent of the total OBC population in Uttar Pradesh.
In this scenario, it is only natural that the Samajwadi Party is also preparing to lay its claim to the Phoolan legacy.
"There is no denying the fact that it was Netaji (Mulayam Singh Yadav) who brought Phoolan out of jail and then made her member of parliament. Had it not been for him, Phoolan would have spent her life in jail. The Samajwadi Party always worked to bring marginalized communities into the social and political mainstream", said a senior SP functionary.
Meanwhile, in Shekhpura Gadha village in Orai in Jalaun district, about 260 kilometres from Lucknow, two families are also fighting for Phoolan's legacy-her mother Moola Devi and her cousin Maiyyadin.
Phoolan's mother Moola Devi lives with her elder daughter Rukmini.
She recalls that her husband Devi Deen owned 16 bighas of land of which had been usurped by his brother Bihari and then his son Maiyyadin.
"When Phoolan was alive, she had got six bighas of land back but those people (cousin) grabbed it back after she died. All I want now is that the land should be given to us and the government can open a school and a hospital in my daughter's name where the poor get free education and treatment", she said.
Moola Devi, an octogenarian, said that she had given several representations to the district officials but no action had been taken.
Nishad Party
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text:
New EKOS poll: 0.3-pt CPC Lead (down 4.3)
Yep, a 0.3 point gap. In other words, TIED! Finally, something interesting in this week's EKOS poll. So we have both major parties under 30%, with the Conservatives at 29.4% and the Liberals at 29.1%. Compared to two weeks ago, that is a drop of 3.1 points for the Conservatives and a gain of 1.2 points for the Liberals. Nothing to sneeze at in EKOS polling. Compared to last week (as EKOS polled over the last two weeks), this represents a drop of 1.7 points for the Conservatives and a gain of 1.5 points for the Liberals. It seems that most of the movement has taken place in the last week.
The New Democrats are also down, dropping 1.7 points from two weeks ago. They now stand at 15.7%, which is one point lower than they were one week ago.
The Greens make a gain of 2.7 points and are at 13.0%. The Bloc Québécois is at 10.9%.
The Conservatives lead among males, with 35.3% to the Liberals' 30.8%. However, the Liberals lead among females, with 27.4% to the Conservatives' 23.6%.
One of the reasons for this drop off in support for the Tories could be the census issue. EKOS asked their respondents about it, and only 26% agreed that the mandatory long form was "unnecessary" and a "violation of privacy". Fully 56% said that it would lead to vital information being lost. Key is that among Conservative supporters only 33% thought that it was an unnecessary violation of privacy. Appealing to their base, it seems, wasn't a good idea.
In Ontario, the Liberals have stormed ahead with a gain of three points over the last two weeks and lead with 39.1%. The Conservatives have gained one and are at 32.5%. That is, however, about three points lower than the 35.3% the Tories had a week ago. The NDP is at 15.5%, down two. The Liberals lead in Toronto with 45.4%, compared to 27.2% for the Conservatives. They also lead in Ottawa with 49.9% to the Tories' 32.3%.
The Bloc is well ahead in Quebec, jumping eight points to 44.3%. To show that isn't a fluke, the Bloc was at 42.9% in the first week of polling. The Liberals have fallen back, dropping five points to 20.1%. The Greens are next with 12.4%. The Conservatives are down five to 11.9% and the NDP is down one to 8.9%. This means virtually no opposition to the Bloc, who lead in Montreal with 45.1% to the Liberals' 21.9%.
This last week of polling saw a huge shift in British Columbia, with the NDP picking up seven points and leading with 31.1%. The Conservatives dropped 15 to 25.6% (11 of those points in the last week) while the Liberals are steady at 22.2%. The Greens are up six to 18.1%. The Conservatives lead in Vancouver with 34.8%, with the NDP close behind at 34.0%.
The Liberals jump eight points in Atlantic Canada with 44.3%, followed by the Greens at 19.4% (up 13). This is a bit wonky. The Conservatives are down 12 to 18.7% while the NDP is down 11 to 15.0%. Far more likely is the result from the first week of polling: 34.2% for the Liberals, 27.2% for the Tories, and 21.7% for the NDP.
The Conservatives lead in Alberta with 58.0%, followed by the Liberals at 15.5%.
The Conservatives also lead in the Prairies, where they have picked up 10 points. They're at 51.2%. The Liberals are up nine to 23.1% and the NDP is down 18 to 16.1%.
More than a few big changes, but we are comparing polls with two weeks passing between them, and August has been relatively tumultuous.
The Liberals (yes, they're first) win 59 seats in Ontario, 25 in Atlantic Canada, 15 in Quebec, and 14 in the West and North for a total of 113. Enough to form a minority, though they could've done better in the West and in Quebec.
The Conservatives win 61 seats in the West, 34 in Ontario, four in Atlantic Canada, and three in Quebec for a total of 102.
The Bloc wins 57 seats in Quebec against virtually no opposition.
The NDP wins 19 seats in the West, 13 in Ontario, and two in Atlantic Canada for a total of 34.
The Greens win one seat in British Columbia and one in Atlantic Canada for a total of two.
It's been awhile since one of these polls has put the Liberals on top. It would be a tiny minority, requiring support from either the Bloc or the Conservatives to get legislation passed. But, a minority nevertheless.
There are a few things in this poll that tell me there are a few dangerous things in it for the Conservatives that shouldn't be chalked up to polling error. First, this is not the only poll to show little or no gap between the two parties. Second, the Liberals have a significant lead among women, which is not new. Third, the census result is not very good, especially when only 1/3 of Conservatives support it.
For the Conservatives, volatility in British Columbia, faltering in Ontario, mid-to-low teens in Quebec, and strong Liberal performances in Atlantic Canada are not unique to this poll.
Going into the fall session, the Conservatives are on the defensive. They need to avoid pushing the opposition into an election for the time-being. While they hold the advantage, the momentum is not on their side. Their one ace-in-the-hole is that the Liberals scuppered this kind of lead last year at exactly this time. It will be up to Michael Ignatieff not to do it again.
Liberals drop in latest Angus-Reid poll
Liberals slide as PQ opens up commanding lead
Ontario Tories on track for best result since Mike...
2010 New Brunswick Election Results vs. Projection
NDP plummets in latest Ipsos-Reid poll
308 in the Globe & Mail
Voting Day: Assigned Readings
Day Thirty-One: Assigned Readings
Trends favour PC majority in New Brunswick
Day Thirty: Assigned Readings
Will the long-gun registry cost a party seats?
Race in New Brunswick tightens
Day Twenty-Nine: Assigned Readings
Liberals gain in new projection
Manitoba PCs set to win majority
Day Twenty-Eight: Assigned Readings
Long-Gun Registry and Conservative Votes
PQ and BQ comfortably ahead in Quebec
HD poll shows leaders stable, NDP slips
Two NB polls tell slightly different story
Day Twenty-Seven: Assigned Readings
August Best Case Scenarios
BC New Democrats still in front
NB CBC poll added to projection
PCs stumble but Liberals stagnant
Day Twenty-Six: Assigned Readings
Leaders stable as fringe parties make gains
Elizabeth May and Gary Lunn neck-and-neck?
NB gap down to 10 points
Day Twenty-Three: Assigned Readings
Two landslides and one close race
New EKOS Poll: 3.5-pt CPC Lead (up 3.2)
PCs now at 50%
Dat Twenty-Two: Assigned Readings
PCs now lead by 12
Day Twenty-One: Assigned Readings
New Ipsos Poll: 3-pt Conservative Lead
Close race in 'francophone' New Brunswick
PLQ win by-election, see vote reduced
PCs roar ahead in New Brunswick
Day Twenty: Assigned Readings
New projection for New Brunswick Election
New Environics Poll: 4-pt Conservative Lead
PCs extend lead to five points
Day Nineteen: Assigned Readings
NB Liberals fall back as PCs take solid lead
Day Seventeen: Assigned Readings
Monthly Averages: August
Progressive Conservatives make gains
Day Sixteen: Assigned Readings
Progressive Conservatives tie it up
Day Fifteen: Assigned Readings
NB Liberals hold steady
Nanos Poll: 0.5 Conservative Lead (down 5.9)
Day Fourteen: Assigned Readings
The electoral race in Fredericton, Moncton, and Sa...
Liberals extend gap to two points
Day Thirteen: Assigned Readings
Liberals now lead by one
Day Twelve: Assigned Readings
PC lead of one point holds
Day Ten: Assigned Readings
Day Nine: Assigned Readings
PCs claw back to a slim lead
Day Eight: Assigned Readings
New projection gives Liberals a majority
Day Seven: Assigned Readings


Marriage proposal photography in Oxford and London.
Marriage proposal photography takes place before, during, and after the big moment in which the ring surprises the soon-to-be wife or husband. Considering that, the proposal photoshoot will give you both a perfect opportunity to remember your engagement, but also to show that wonderful instant to friends and family. Book now with Leyre Canizares, a especialized marriage proposal photographer in London and Oxford.
The marriage proposal is a moment both of you will always remember, a story that will be told over and over. My aim is to freeze in time all the emotions and little details that surround that very special instant, so they will be captured forever.
Are you flexible in terms of the marriage proposal plan?
Will you send us a sneak peek of the pictures?
Absolutely. Tell me how you plan to propose using the contact section.
After the marriage proposal it's time to announce your engagement to friends and family. To make things easier, I will send you some edited pictures the same day of the proposal, so you can send them to your loved ones or post them on social media.


text:
Alan Clarke ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Alan Clarke (Psychologe) (1922–2011), britischer Psychologe
 Alan Clarke (Regisseur) (1935–1990), britischer Regisseur
 Alan Clarke (Kulturwissenschaftler) (* um 1941), britischer Schauspieler und Kulturwissenschaftler
 Alan Clarke (Fußballspieler) (* 1962), irischer Fußballspieler

Siehe auch:
 Allan Clarke
 Alan Clark

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
'Grey's Anatomy's' Sarah Drew on April's Sweet (and Sudden) Surprise
"There are some big things that happen to April in the finale," the actress tells THR of next week's episode. "She goes through the wringer emotionally."
Lesley Goldberg
More Stories by Lesley
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Grey's Anatomy Bruening Drew Proposal - P 2013
ABC/Richard Cartwright
[Warning: This story contains spoilers from Thursday's, May 9, "Readiness Is All" episode of Grey's Anatomy.]
April may have found her dream dork.
During Thursday's penultimate episode of Grey's Anatomy's ninth season, the handsome and humble paramedic Matthew (Justin Bruening) surprises his lady friend with something so dorky and sweet that only April Kepner (Sarah Drew) could love.
As the super storm rapidly approaches Seattle, Owen (Kevin McKidd) ejects April from a major surgery — a case that rightfully belonged to April, who had been on point with the patient from the start. He had a good reason, it turns out: She had to be free when an ambulance rolled up to present a dozen-plus of April's friends dancing to a flash mob set to the Proclaimers' "I'm Gonna Be" — all leading up to a marriage proposal.
PHOTOS: The Couples of Shondaland: 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Private Practice,' 'Scandal'
Matthew's sweet, and admittedly sudden, proposal is met with an immediate yes from April, who during their celebration shares a very telling look with Jackson (Jesse Williams). It comes two episodes after sparks continued to fly between the friends and former couple, who, had Matthew not returned for a second chance at love with April, could very well have been on the path to a romantic reunion.
The Hollywood Reporter caught up with Drew to get the scoop on the surprise proposal, what's next and how Arizona's (Jessica Capshaw) tryst with Lauren (Hilarie Burton) will impact everyone now that the super storm has hit the hospital.
The Hollywood Reporter: What was your first reaction when you read the proposal in the script?
Sarah Drew: I knew in advance; [director] Tony Phelan told me it was coming and I was really excited. I'm a musical theater and dancing geek and love everything that is bright, happy, feel-good and involves choreography. I was so excited about it that I went online and watched flash mob proposals on YouTube and cried my way through them. It's so epically romantic and so much fun. The only thing I wish I could have done was to have danced.
THR: How many takes did the Flash Mob take?
Drew: We had two big rehearsals leading up to it — one was a full day and the other was half a day. It took 10 hours to shoot. Tony, who directed, could have cut it 75 ways since there were so many people watching, with so many amazing reactions from the dancers, April and Matthew. They could have cut it a million different ways and had it still be just as romantic. I shot that whole flash mob proposal horribly sick — people were bringing me tea and I wound up losing my voice at the end of the day. That week was one of the most intense weeks I've ever had. Despite the fact I got sick, it was still my most favorite day on any set ever.
STORY: 'Grey's Anatomy's' Shonda Rhimes Previews 'Emotional Death' in Season 9 Finale
THR: Why does April say yes so quickly? It seemed like she was just flirting with Jackson again.
Drew: I don't think she was flirting with Jackson. In a lot of ways, she's not really completely aware of how she feels about Jackson. There's residual stuff from what their relationship was as a couple that with the closeness of their friendship and their chemistry draw them together. I don't think she is aware that she's pulled between Jackson and Matthew, even if she is.
THR: April immediately says yes and the scene cuts to Jackson. What kind of doubts does she have about getting married? Will April and Jackson talk about this in the finale? Will he confront her?
Drew: There's some definite confusion. She moved on from Jackson when it ended in episode seven and he's with Stephanie (Jerrika Hinton). She started dating the world's most wonderful guy, who is on the same page as her about their life goals, beliefs and who they are. There's so many things that fit with Matthew; he's been sweet to her this whole time. She has made the choice that Matthew is her guy and if she has some confusion and draw back, it will smack her in the face without her realizing it. There will be some confusion for sure, but it's not something she expects. Plus you can't really say no in a flash mob situation, can you? (Laughs.) Not only is it epically romantic but you have a billion people looking at you! That hasn't come up but I don't know if it will come up next season. The very public proposal scenario leaves little room to say no.
STORY: 'Grey's Anatomy': A Natural Disaster Rains Down in Season 9 Finale
THR: Shonda Rhimes told us that April will have a second life-changing moment in the season finale that sends her in a different direction than Matthew and involves Jackson in some capacity. What can you tease about what she's facing?
Drew: There are some big things that happen to April in the finale. She goes through the wringer emotionally. It's an emotional roller coaster for her in the finale. She is totally excited and committed to being with Matthew and she's still reeling from the joy of being proposed to as the finale starts. Then things happen that make her really begin to wonder if he's the right choice for her. It's pretty intense.
THR: How will we see April handle the storm in the finale?
Drew: She's got some badass trauma moments. The surgeons are using skills during the storm that they learned when they taught the Syrian doctors. We see a lot of people being super badass.
THR: Meredith (Ellen Pompeo) is in labor, what kind of role will April have?
Drew: April is not involved in Meredith going into labor. She's elsewhere.
THR: What can you tell us about whose life is in danger in the finale?
Drew: April isn't involved with that. However, it's very scary and it's very much hanging in balance at the end of the finale. We don't know what's going to happen — and the audience won't either — until we come back for season 10.
THR: Will April have made a decision between Matthew and Jackson by season's end?
Drew: We end the season with her in complete and total confusion and incredibly emotional about the confusion.
STORY: 'Grey's Anatomy's' Hilarie Burton on Lauren and Arizona's Growing Flirtation
THR: Matthew's proposal indirectly leads to Arizona's infidelity, in that Arizona glances at Lauren when he's professing his love for April. How is Arizona's cheating going to impact the rest of the hospital?
Drew: It depends on how many people find out about it in the middle of the crisis. There are a few people who know but they're in their own trauma situations in this episode. Everybody is in their own world of being badass and dealing with their own drama. It's not going to go well for Arizona — it never goes well for cheaters.
THR: April's boards are also coming up again. How will she navigate her now very full love life with the demands of her exams?
Drew: That is something we won't know until I'm at the table read for season 10, episode one. It's one more thing to confuse her life and potentially make her fail again. If having sex with Jackson is what made her fail, what's being torn between two men going to do to her?! (Laughs.) My 14-year-old self who never got asked out on date is jumping with glee over this.
What do you think April will do? Hit the comments with your thoughts. Grey's Anatomy's season nine finale airs Thursday, May 16, at 9 p.m. on ABC. Watch the flash mob, below.
Email: Lesley.Goldberg@thr.com; Twitter: @Snoodit
The Couples of Shondaland: 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Private Practice,' 'Scandal'
Broadcast TV's Returning Shows 2013-14
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'Grey's Anatomy': Will Meredith and the Baby Survive? (Exclusive Video)
'Grey's Anatomy's' Hilarie Burton on Lauren and Arizona's Growing Flirtation


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My recipe today is focused on a protein packed superfood. I am still surprised why this food has never made it to top charts in western cuisine, despite the amount of protein and nutrients it packs in every serving. I have hardly seen a recipe for this outside of India. Its called Green gram or Moon dal. It's a fairly common food in India. For today's recipe, I am posting a small variation of a popular recipe: Moong dal dosa. Typically the batter for this dosa is made just from moong dal and other spices, but I have added a little rice to make it more crispy and tasty.
In karnataka state, India this dosa is popular as "Hesarukalu dose".
This dosa can be served with any side dish but I like to eat with coconut chutney.
Along with dosa recipe, I will post one of my chutney recipe that suits most of the dosas and some snacks too.
Soak raw moong dal and rice in water for 6- 8 hours , in separate bowl.
Blend the moong dal with chopped ginger and green chili with sufficient water to a fine consistency.
Blend the rice with just enough water to bring to fine consistency. Too much water will dilute the taste.
Place a cast iron skillet over medium heat. When it's hot, pour a teaspoon of oil and let it heat up a little.
Spread the batter and cover the lid for few seconds.
After about 30 seconds, drizzle a little bit of oil and flip to other side for few seconds.
Moong dal dosa is ready!
Blend the grated coconut with coriander seeds, red chili, salt with cup of water. Pour into separate bowl.
For the seasoning, place a small pan over medium heat with tsp of oil, when oil is hot add mustard seeds and black gram. When it starts to sputter switch off the heat and mix well with the coconut blend.
Coconut chutney is ready to serve. Moong dal dosa/ hesarukalu dose and coconut chutney is a delicious combo!
This sounds delicious. Do you cook the rice first before you soak it?
Do you cook the moong dal before you soak it?
Sorry for the confusion, Soak the raw rice and moong dal. Then blend it. 🙂 Hope this is helped you.
We are trying it with long grain brown rice, as that's all we have. And all I could find were the green mung beans. They're soaking now!
Love to hear that! I never tried in that way.Let me know how it came? Happy cooking.
Love finding recipes I've tried before. Sounds interesting!
Ooohhhh! This looks good! I haven't tried anything like this before!
What a wonderful recipe. I definitely want to try this!
I have never had dosa before but have been meaning to try! I sure hope I can find all these ingredients, especially the dal, up here in Canada!
Yum! These look like a healthier version of my favourite masala dosas!
Easy, healthy, and delicious. All the things that I look for in a recipe. Thank you!
Looks delicious and I especially love the chutney!
Thanks Patricia! Yes this chutney is very tasty!
SO quick and easy. I must try this!
This is one of my staples for breakfast..I also use the split green moong beans instead of whole moong beans for this recipe..and sometimes I also add chilka urad or split black gram into this mix. photos are really good!
This looks delicious and a lot easier than I thought!
They look so soft and delicious! I love that there is chili in there for a little spice. And the color is perfect for spring!
This not only looks delicious, but pretty straightforward too. Pretty too!
i think dosa is the best food out there period!
This looks so full of flavor and easy too! Love that good chunk of fresh ginger too!
Thanks for introducing me to this dish, it sounds wonderful!
You have to soak the grain overnight or 6 hours. Then blend it and do Dosa immediately:) Thank you!


text:
import { MediaCategoriesTypes } from '@bldr/type-definitions';
/**
 * The meta data type specification "worksheet".
 */
export declare const worksheet: MediaCategoriesTypes.Category;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Facebook is getting a lot of bad publicity lately. A lot of these complaints relate to how the social networking site negatively affects intimate relationships.
So, if you're already involved with someone, you should probably be very careful how you use it. Whatever you do or say on it could easily get passed around your Facebook "friends" and get back to someone close to you in real life, potentially causing them grief.
However, this aspect of having so many people knowing so much about you via direct and indirect online contacts could also be a bonus for people who are single, and hoping to meet others like them. Which is why it's not surprising that a new dating site is combining several of Facebook's characteristics into its own structure.
As this article states, "the idea behind this site is that everyone on it shares their single friends".