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The Guide to Challenging and Enforcing Arbitration Awards - First Edition
Adrián Magallanes Pérez and David Ament
Von Wobeser y Sierra, SC
Applicable requirements as to the form of arbitral awards
Applicable legislation as to the form of awards
1 Must an award take any particular form (e.g., in writing, signed, dated, place, the need for reasons, delivery)?
Pursuant to the Mexican Commerce Code (the Commerce Code), all arbitral awards must be in writing and signed by the arbitrators, indicating the seat of the arbitration and the date on which it was signed. If there is more than one arbitrator, only the signatures of the majority are necessary. However, the award must include the reasons why any arbitrators failed to sign. The award must also contain the reasons for the decision, unless the parties have agreed otherwise or settled their dispute.
Applicable procedural law for recourse against an award
Applicable legislation governing recourse against an award
2 Are there provisions governing modification, clarification or correction of an award?
Parties may request the correction of miscalculations, typographical errors or other types of formal mistakes up to 30 days after the parties have been notified that the award has been issued. If the arbitral tribunal identifies any mistakes itself, it can make the necessary corrections on its own initiative.
The parties may request an interpretation of a specific point or section of the award. If the arbitral tribunal considers this request is justified, it will issue its interpretation of the award within 30 days of the request. This interpretation is considered to be part of the award.
Appeals from an award
3 May an award be appealed to or set aside by the courts? If so, on what grounds and what procedures? What are the differences between appeals and applications for set-aside?
Under Mexican law, an appeal seeks to overturn or modify the decision contained in the award. The setting aside procedure seeks to render the award null and to prevent it from being enforced.
As a general rule, an arbitral award may not be appealed. Under the Commerce Code, awards are considered binding and final, unless otherwise agreed by the parties. It is rare that parties agree to an appeal mechanism under Mexican law and practice.
Arbitral awards can be set aside by a local or federal court in any of the following situations:
one of the parties to the arbitration agreement was not legally capable;
the arbitral agreement was not valid under the law to which the parties have subjected it or, in the absence of an agreement, to Mexican law;
the party was not given proper notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or the arbitral proceedings, or was unable to enforce its rights for any reason;
the award deals with issues not included or falling outside the scope of the arbitration agreement;
the constitution of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties;
the subject matter of the procedure was not arbitrable; or
the award breaches public policy.
The judgment issued by the court in a setting aside procedure cannot be appealed, but can be challenged through an amparo claim by federal courts.
Applicable procedural law for recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards
Applicable legislation for recognition and enforcement
4 What is the applicable procedural law for recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award in your jurisdiction? Is your jurisdiction party to treaties facilitating recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards?
The recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in Mexico is governed by the provisions contained in the Fourth Title (entitled Commercial Arbitration) of the Fifth Book (entitled Commercial Trials) of the Commerce Code, which was amended in 1993 to incorporate the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law of 1985 (the Model Law) as Mexico's arbitration law, with only a few minor modifications. In 2011, the Commerce Code was amended again to incorporate some of the 2006 amendments to the provisions of the Model Law.
Regarding multilateral treaties facilitating recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, Mexico is a party to the New York Convention of 1958, ratified in 1971, the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (Panama Convention), ratified on October 1977, the Inter-American Convention of Extraterritorial Validity of Foreign Judgments and Arbitral Awards (Montevideo Convention), ratified in 1987, and the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention), which entered into force in 2018.
Regarding bilateral treaties on arbitration, Mexico is a party to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and Arbitral Awards in Civil and Commercial Matters with the Kingdom of Spain since 1992.
The New York Convention
5 Is the state a party to the 1958 New York Convention? If yes, what is the date of entry into force of the Convention? Was there any reservation made under Article I(3) of the Convention?
Yes. The Convention was ratified in 1971 and published in the Federal Official Gazette on 22 June 1971. Mexico made no declarations or reservations.
Recognition proceedings
Competent court
6 Which court has jurisdiction over an application for recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards?
Mexico is a federal state. There is a federal judiciary branch and a local judiciary branch in each of the 32 states. First instance civil courts, both federal and local, have jurisdiction to hear arbitration-related matters. The claimant can choose whether to file the application before a federal or a local court.
The court that has jurisdiction over an application for the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award is the first instance court of the place of the seat of the arbitration. If the seat of arbitration is not in Mexico, then the first instance court of the place of residence of the party against which the arbitral award is to be enforced or, in the absence of any such domicile, the court of the place where the assets are located (Article 1422, Commerce Code, incorporating Article 6, Model Law).
7 What are the requirements for the court to have jurisdiction over an application for recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards? Must the applicant identify assets within the jurisdiction of the court that will be the subject of enforcement for the purpose of recognition proceedings?
For a court to have jurisdiction over an application for the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award, the seat of the arbitration must be within the territorial jurisdiction of the court or the place of residence of the party against which the arbitral award is to be enforced, or its assets must be within that jurisdiction.
The applicant is not necessarily required to identify assets within the jurisdiction of the court for the purpose of recognition proceedings. However, it must present to the court the original arbitration agreement and the award.
Form of the recognition proceedings
8 Are the recognition proceedings in your jurisdiction adversarial or ex parte?
Recognition proceedings in Mexico are adversarial in all cases. To obtain the recognition of an arbitral award, it is necessary to process a special proceeding for commercial settlements and arbitration in which both parties have the opportunity to provide evidence and present arguments.
Form of application and required documentation
9 What documentation is required to obtain the recognition of an arbitral award?
To recognise and enforce an arbitral award in Mexico, the interested party must file a request for recognition and enforcement containing (1) the original arbitration agreement or a certified copy of it, (2) the original award duly authenticated or a certified copy of it, and (3) if either the award or the agreement to arbitrate is not in Spanish, a certified translation of that document.
Translation of required documentation
10 If the required documentation is drafted in a language other than the official language of your jurisdiction, is it necessary to submit a translation with an application to obtain recognition of an arbitral award? If yes, in what form must the translation be?
If the award or the agreement to arbitrate is not in Spanish, the party requesting recognition of the award must file a translation certified by a translation expert approved by the Mexican government (Article 1461, Commerce Code). These experts must be certified by the federal or local judiciary, and must hold an official government seal.
Other practical requirements
11 What are the other practical requirements relating to recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards?
There are no additional requirements for the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. However, note that the interested party is not required to pay costs or fees to the court. Also, the burden of proof to demonstrate the existence of grounds to refuse the recognition and enforcement is not on the requesting party, but on the party opposing the enforcement, with the exception of cases that require an ex officio analysis by the court (see question 13).
Recognition of interim or partial awards
12 Do courts recognise and enforce partial or interim awards?
Mexican courts do recognise and enforce partial and interim awards. The Commerce Code makes no distinction between interim or partial and final awards for recognition purposes. Also, Mexican courts may enforce provisional measures without regard to whether interim relief was obtained through an order or a preliminary award.
Grounds for refusing recognition of an award
13 What are the grounds on which an award may be refused recognition? Are the grounds applied by the courts different from the ones provided under Article V of the Convention?
A court may deny recognition and enforcement of an award under Mexican law for the following limited reasons established in Article 1462 of the Commerce Code, which mirror those provided for in Article V in the New York Convention and Article 36 of the Model Law, namely:
the arbitration agreement was invalid or the parties lacked the legal capacity to make the agreement;
the appointing authority did not give a party proper notice of the appointment of the arbitrator or of the arbitration proceedings, or a party was otherwise unable to present its case;
the award deals with a matter not provided for by or falling within the terms of the arbitration agreement;
the constitution of the arbitral tribunal or arbitral procedure breaches the parties' agreement or (absent any such agreement) the law of the seat of arbitration;
the award is not binding at the seat of arbitration or was set aside by a court at the seat of arbitration;
the subject matter of the parties' dispute is not arbitrable under Mexican law; and
recognition or enforcement of the award goes against public policy.
The first five grounds may only be raised and proven by the party opposing enforcement of the award. Mexican courts may raise the last two grounds ex officio.
The court has discretion on whether to enforce an award despite the confirmation of one of the grounds mentioned. However, we are unaware of a case in which a Mexican court decided to exercise this discretion.
Effect of a decision recognising an award
14 What is the effect of a decision recognising an award in your jurisdiction? Is it immediately enforceable? What challenges are available against a decision recognising an arbitral award in your jurisdiction?
The effect of a decision recognising an award in Mexico is that the award is immediately enforceable.
No ordinary remedies against a decision recognising an arbitral award are available. However, the party against whom the award is to be enforced may file an amparo claim against the court's judgment arguing violations to human rights as recognised in the Mexican Constitution and international treaties. A collegiate circuit court has jurisdiction to rule on the amparo claim. However, it cannot rule on the merits of the award.
The court before which the amparo procedure is brought must examine whether the challenged judicial ruling has been correctly issued, and indicate, if such is the case, that the judge incorrectly evaluated the limited grounds to refuse recognition of the award.
Decisions refusing to recognise an award
15 What challenges are available against a decision refusing to recognise an arbitral award in your jurisdiction?
A decision denying the recognition of an arbitral award cannot be challenged through ordinary remedies. The only available procedural remedy is an amparo trial before a collegiate circuit court, alleging violations to human rights (most of the times parties allege violations to the principle of legality) committed by the court that decided not to recognise the award. Under no circumstances is the amparo court or the first instance court allowed to review the merits of the award.
Stay of recognition or enforcement proceedings pending annulment proceedings
16 Will the courts adjourn the recognition or enforcement proceedings pending the outcome of annulment proceedings at the seat of the arbitration? What trends, if any, are suggested by recent decisions? What are the factors considered by courts to adjourn recognition or enforcement?
If the outcome of annulment proceedings at the seat of the arbitration is pending, the court that receives an application for recognition or enforcement of the award may adjourn the proceeding, if it deems it appropriate under the circumstances (Article 1463, Commerce Code).
There has not been a clear trend arising from recent decisions; in fact, there have been cases in which courts have refused to adjourn and others in which they have suspended a proceeding. A factor usually considered by courts to adjourn recognition or enforcement is whether the court that will rule on the annulment proceeding assumed jurisdiction properly.
17 If the courts adjourn the recognition or enforcement proceedings pending the annulment proceedings, will the defendant to the recognition or enforcement proceedings be ordered to post security? What are the factors considered by courts to order security? Based on recent case law, what are the form and amount of the security to be posted by the party resisting enforcement?
If a Mexican court decides to adjourn recognition or enforcement proceedings pending annulment proceedings, the claimant may request the court to order the defendant to be ordered to post security.
The court has discretion to decide whether said security shall be posted by the party resisting the enforcement, as well as the amount of the security. The security usually consists of deposit-in-court certificates or surety bonds. If the award relates to a monetary claim, courts will usually order an annual renewal security to be posted in an amount equal to the applicable interest rate on the principal amount.
Recognition or enforcement of an award set aside at the seat
18 Is it possible to obtain the recognition and enforcement of an award that has been fully or partly set aside at the seat of the arbitration? If an award is set aside after the decision recognising the award has been issued, what challenges are available against this decision?
Mexican courts have discretionary powers to decide whether to enforce an award that has been set aside in a different jurisdiction (Article 1462, Section I, Subsection (e), Commerce Code). In any event, the party against whom the award is to be enforced must prove that it has been set aside or declared void by the courts at the seat of arbitration in order for the Mexican court to decide whether it will refuse to recognise or enforce the award.
The procedural remedy against a decision to enforce an award before a decision to set aside the award has been issued would be an amparo claim, arguing violations to human rights (such as a violation of the principle of legality). However, to our knowledge, there is no case on this matter.
Service in your jurisdiction
19 What is the applicable procedure for service of extrajudicial and judicial documents to a defendant in your jurisdiction?
All service of documents regarding judicial proceedings is performed by the personnel of the competent court. Notification of judicial documents to the parties involved is subject to strict procedural rules, and the court officer that summons the defendant has authority under statutory law to fully certify whether the summons was performed. Service of process is always performed by a summons with notice.
All parties in the proceedings for the enforcement and recognition of arbitral awards are required to choose in their first writ filed before the court an address where the tribunal's communications can be received (Article 1473, Commerce Code). In all other cases, or when a personal notification cannot be performed or is not necessary, communications are notified to the parties by the other methods provided in Commerce Code (by publication of the communication in a judicial newsletter, publication in edicts, certified mail or certified telegraph).
As regards the service of extrajudicial documents, there is no specific formality that must be satisfied. However, the enforcement procedure regulated under the Commerce Code does not provide for an instance in which parties shall notify each other or communicate through extrajudicial methods.
Service out of your jurisdiction
20 What is the applicable procedure for service of extrajudicial and judicial documents to a defendant out of your jurisdiction?
Articles 1071 and 1072 of the Commerce Code provide the rules applicable to the service of documents in places other than the seat of the proceedings, but within the country. This procedure mainly consists of the sending of a letter rogatory requesting the assistance of the competent judge or other relevant judicial authority in the place where the communication is to be delivered.
Articles 1073 and 1074 of the Commerce Code govern the procedure for the service of documents outside the country. This procedure provides for communication to be in the form of letter rogatory sent via the Mexican Foreign Service. It also establishes the minimum formal requirements that the letter rogatory must have in order to be valid.
Only personal notices to the parties are subject to this procedure. Regarding non-personal notices, the other methods of service of documents provided in the Commerce Code will apply (publication of the communication in a judicial newsletter, publication in edicts, certified mail or certified telegraph). These latter methods are usually used for communicating decisions that do not affect the substantive rights of the parties.
Identification of assets
Asset databases
21 Are there any databases or publicly available registers allowing the identification of an award debtor's assets within your jurisdiction?
Each state in Mexico has its own real estate public registry and a corresponding public registry of commerce. The former consists of a database, which is available to the public, showing who holds the ownership of immovable property. This consists of a database, also available to the public, of all the relevant information pertaining a company, such as its assets, minutes, shareholders and managers.
Information available through judicial proceedings
22 Are there any proceedings allowing for the disclosure of information about an award debtor within your jurisdiction?
Information about private companies or entities, such as bank accounts and company shares, can be requested to those who hold them by means of a court order.
Availability of interim measures
23 Are interim measures against assets available in your jurisdiction? May award creditors apply such interim measures against assets owned by a sovereign state?
The procedure regarding the application, granting and enforcement of interim measures can be found in Articles 1425 and 1478 to 1480 of the Commerce Code. Interim measures can be granted before or during the arbitration proceedings, as well as during the proceedings for enforcement of an arbitral award. Interim measures can be granted either by a court (Article 1425) or by an arbitral tribunal (Article 1479).
According to Articles 1470, Section III, 1425 and 1478 of the Commerce Code, there is no limitation in Mexican law as to which interim measures can be granted for the enforcement of an arbitral award (Article 1478).
As regards the application of interim measures in Mexico against assets owned by a foreign sovereign state, the Mexican Supreme Court of Justice has held that they have immunity, unless the assets are property used for a private purpose and not related to the exercise of sovereign powers.
The Mexican government and government entities enjoy full immunity over their assets, and they cannot be attached under Article 4 of the Federal Code of Civil Procedure and Articles 4 and 13 of the National Assets Act. However, in a recent case before the Mexican Supreme Court, the subject matter of the dispute was the constitutionality of these legal provisions. The case involved the Federal Commission of Electricity and the predicted judgment, which was published, was in favour of declaring these provisions as unconstitutional. Unfortunately, the case was settled by the Federal Commission of Electricity before the draft of the judgment came to a vote by the justices. Hence, this judgment was never entered.
Procedure for interim measures
24 What is the procedure to apply interim measures against assets in your jurisdiction? Is it a requirement to obtain prior court authorisation before applying interim measures? If yes, are such proceedings ex parte?
When an interim measure that has already been ordered by a Mexican court is not willingly complied with by a party, another order from the competent court is still necessary to enforce it. This procedure is not ex parte and could probably imply criminal liability for contempt.
The procedure for requesting interim relief from a Mexican court in support of an arbitration procedure – or for requesting the recognition of an interim measure granted by an arbitral tribunal – begins by filing a written motion before the competent court. Afterwards, the other party against whom the interim measure is to be enforced (or recognised) is summoned to the proceedings to present its defence. Finally, after giving the parties the opportunity to produce evidence, the court renders its decision on whether the interim measure will be granted (or recognised) or not.
There has been extensive discussion among practitioners on whether it is appropriate to summon the other party to the proceedings before deciding whether the interim measure will be granted, under the argument that this could make the whole purpose of said measure pointless since the procedure usually takes a long time, and thus risking losing precisely what the interim measure seeks to protect.
There have been cases in which the courts have granted interim relief at the very beginning of the proceeding before summoning the defendant. In those cases, the interim relief is kept in force throughout the procedure pertaining to the injunction application, and in the final judgment, the court decides whether it will maintain the interim measures for the duration of the arbitration.
Interim measures against immovable property
25 What is the procedure for interim measures against immovable property within your jurisdiction?
There is no specific procedure for recognising or enforcing interim measures against immovable property. The interim measure only needs to be requested by the interested party to the competent court for it to be granted (or recognised when dealing with an interim measure granted by an arbitral tribunal) in the final judgment issued by the court in the special procedure for commercial transactions and arbitration. Once the judge issues his or her ruling, a notice of the judgment will be registered in the deed of the property located in the public registry.
Interim measures against movable property
26 What is the procedure for interim measures against movable property within your jurisdiction?
There is no specific procedure for recognising or requesting interim measures against movable property.
Interim measures against intangible property
27 What is the procedure for interim measures against intangible property within your jurisdiction?
There is no specific procedure for recognising or requesting interim measures against intangible property.
Attachment proceedings
28 What is the procedure to attach assets in your jurisdiction? Is it a requirement to obtain prior court authorisation before attaching assets? If yes, are such proceedings ex parte?
The procedure to attach assets is not ex parte and a court order is always required. Once the competent court has granted the interim measure (or recognised it), it will then order the attachment of the relevant property. The specific attachment procedure depends mainly on whether the property being dealt with is immovable, movable or intangible.
Attachment against immovable property
29 What is the procedure for enforcement measures against immovable property within your jurisdiction?
Once an interim measure has been granted by the competent court (or recognised if granted by an arbitral tribunal), said court will also order the corresponding public real estate registry to register the attachment of the immovable property.
Attachment against movable property
30 What is the procedure for enforcement measures against movable property within your jurisdiction?
Only an order from the court requesting the attachment is necessary for enforcement of the interim measure and its subsequent attachment. However, it is also possible, seeking legal certainty, to request the competent court to order the Secured Transactions Registries to register the attachment of the movable property.
Attachment against intangible property
31 What is the procedure for enforcement measures against intangible property within your jurisdiction?
It is necessary to obtain a court order for the enforcement of the measure and the subsequent attachment of intangible property. The specific steps to be taken after the court orders the attachment of intangible property depends on the type of asset that is going to be attached.
As regards intellectual property, trademarks and patents, it is possible to obtain an order requesting the National Copyright Institute to register the attachment over the incomes produced by intellectual property (Articles 32 and 41, Copyright Federal Law) or to order the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property to register an attachment over trademarks and patents (Article 143 of the Industrial Property Law).
As regards shares in corporations, the procedure differs depending on whether the corporation is listed on the stock market. If it is a private corporation with shares not listed on the stock market, the court will order the management body of the corporation to register the attachment in the book of registered shareholders (Articles 73 and 128, General Law of Business Corporations). In the case of shares of corporations listed on the stock market, the competent court can order the brokerage firm with whom the shareholder has a securities trading agreement to register the attachment (Article 292, Securities Market Law).
Enforcement against foreign states
32 Are there any rules in your jurisdiction that specifically govern recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards against foreign states?
Even though there is no specific statutory regulation in Mexican law regarding immunity, the Mexican Supreme Court of Justice has established in prior rulings that foreign states have sovereign immunity and therefore Mexican courts cannot exercise jurisdiction over them. However, this immunity only applies with respect to sovereign or public acts or assets, and not with respect to their private acts or assets (such as commercial transactions), since in this case the foreign state and its agents could be held liable to the same extent as a private individual would.
In 2005, a legislative initiative was presented in the Senate entitled the Law on State Jurisdiction Immunity but was not approved. In fact, it was discarded a year later.
In 2015, Mexico ratified the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Properties, which recognises that the signatory states enjoy immunity with regard to itself and its property from the jurisdiction of the courts of another state, except regarding commercial transactions, contracts of employment, personal injuries and damage to property, ownership, possession and use of property, intellectual and industrial property, participation in companies or other collective bodies, ships owned or operated by a state, and arbitration agreements.
Service of documents to a foreign state
33 What is the applicable procedure for service of extrajudicial and judicial documents to a foreign state?
The procedure for the service of extrajudicial and judicial documents to a foreign state is established in Articles 549 to 556 of the Mexican Federal Civil Code of Procedure and Articles 1073 and 1074 of the Commerce Code.
These provisions state that to serve documents outside the country, the competent Mexican court must send a letter rogatory through the Mexican Foreign Service. Those provisions also establish several minimum formal requirements that the letter rogatory must satisfy in order to be valid.
Immunity from enforcement
34 Are assets belonging to a foreign state immune from enforcement in your jurisdiction? If yes, are there exceptions to such immunity?
Foreign state entities enjoy sovereign immunity over assets situated on Mexican territory, except if those assets consist of property used for a private purpose and not in the exercise of sovereign powers. The term 'protected assets' relates to, inter alia, the premises of the diplomatic mission, their furnishings and other property thereon, and the means of transportation of the mission, which are immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution (Article 22, 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations).
Waiver of immunity from enforcement
35 Is it possible for a foreign state to waive immunity from enforcement in your jurisdiction? If yes, what are the requirements of such waiver?
To our knowledge, no such case has been brought before Mexican courts; however, there is no reason that leads us to believe that a waiver would not be valid as long as it is made expressly in precise and clear terms (Article 7, Federal Civil Code).
[1] Adrián Magallanes Pérez is a partner and David Ament is an associate at Von Wobeser y Sierra, SC.
Adrián Magallanes Pérez
David Ament
Editor's Preface
J William Rowley KC
Twenty Essex
Part I: Issues relating to Challenging and Enforcing Arbitration Awards
Awards: Early Stage Consideration of Enforcement Issues
Sally-Ann Underhill and M Cristina Cárdenas
Reed Smith LLP
Awards: Form, Content, Effect
James Hope
Awards: Challenges
Michael Ostrove, James Carter and Ben Sanderson
Arbitrability and Public Policy Challenges
Elie Kleiman and Claire Pauly
Jurisdictional Challenges
Michael D Nolan and Kamel Aitelaj
Due Process and Procedural Irregularities: Challenges
Simon Sloane, Daniel Hayward and Rebecca McKee
Awards: Challenges based on misuse of tribunal secretaries
Chloe J Carswell and Lucy Winnington-Ingram
Substantive Grounds for Challenge
Joseph D Pizzurro, Robert B García and Juan O Perla
Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP
Enforcement under the New York Convention
Emmanuel Gaillard and Benjamin Siino
Shearman & Sterling LLP
Enforcement of Interim Measures
James E Castello and Rami Chahine
King & Spalding LLP
Prevention of Asset Stripping: Worldwide Freezing Orders
Charlie Lightfoot, James Woolrich and Michaela Croft
Jenner & Block
Grounds to Refuse Enforcement
Sherina Petit and Ewelina Kajkowska
ICSID Awards
Claudia Annacker, Laurie Achtouk-Spivak and Zeïneb Bouraoui
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton
Part II: Challenging and Enforcing Arbitration Awards: Jurisdictional Know-How
Jose A Martinez de Hoz and Francisco A Amallo
MHR | Martínez de Hoz & Rueda
Christian W Konrad and Philipp A Peters
Konrad Partners
Hakim Boularbah, Olivier van der Haegen and Jasmine Rayée
Gordon E Kaiser
Energy Law Chambers
David Araque Quijano and Johan Rodríguez Fonseca
Gómez Pinzón Abogados
Barbora Šnáblová and Lucie Mikolandová
Barbora Šnáblová Attorneys
Karim A Youssef
Youssef & Partners
Oliver Marsden and Ella Davies
Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP
Noah Rubins KC and Maxence Rivoire
Boris Kasolowsky and Carsten Wendler
Sanjeev Kapoor and Saman Ahsan
Massimo Benedettelli and Marco Torsello
ArbLit Radicati di Brozolo Sabatini Benedettelli Torsello
Nicholas Lingard and Toshiki Yashima
Valikhan Shaikenov, Lyailya Tleulina and Ardak Idayatova
Sae Youn Kim and Andrew White
Cecil W M Abraham, Aniz Ahmad Amirudin and Syukran Syafiq
Cecil Abraham & Partners
Marnix Leijten, Erin Cronjé and Abdel Zirar
De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek
Babatunde Ajibade and Kolawole Mayomi
SPA Ajibade & Co
Frederico Gonçalves Pereira, Miguel Pinto Cardoso, Rui Andrade, Filipe Rocha Vieira, Joana Neves, Catarina Carvalho Cunha and Matilde Líbano Monteiro
Vieira de Almeida
Matthew Walker, Marieke Witkamp and Claudia El Hage
Al Marri & El Hage Law Office
Cosmin Vasile
Zamfirescu Racoti Vasile & Partners
Dmitry Dyakin, Evgeny Raschevsky, Dmitry Kaysin, Maxim Bezruchenkov and Veronika Lakhno
Egorov Puginsky Afanasiev & Partners (EPAM)
Kohe Hasan and Shourav Lahiri
Jesús Remón, Álvaro López de Argumedo Piñeiro, Jesús Saracho and Atenea Martínez
Uría Menéndez
Franz Stirnimann Fuentes, Jean Marguerat, Tomás Navarro Blakemore and James F Reardon
MLL Meyerlustenberger Lachenal Froriep Ltd
Elliot Friedman, David Livshiz and Shannon M Leitner


Tuxtla Gutiérrez shopping centers online – database of shopping areas in Tuxtla Gutiérrez (Chiapas, Mexico). Information about shopping centers, malls, factory outlet locations in Tuxtla Gutiérrez (Chiapas).
Select Tuxtla Gutiérrez shopping areas from the list. All Tuxtla Gutiérrez (Chiapas) shopping centers, malls are displayed on the map.


Marine area 7 includes Bellingham bay, Samish bay, Padilla bay and the majority of the San Juan islands. Fishing regulations vary between different parts of Marine area 7, so it is advised that you carry a current wdfw regulations book which includes a map and regulations for each area. There are some closures to protect certain species of fish as well as different opening dates for various areas.
For the most part, Salmon fishing starts in July and runs through the end of October. There is a winter Blackmouth, or resident Chinook salmon, fishery that runs from December through the end of April. Popular methods for fishing for salmon in the saltwater include trolling, mooching, and jigging. Each method has its advantages and is suited best for different situations.
Bottomfish including Lincod and Halibut opens in the spring. Lingcod and Halibut seasons are relatively short, vary year to year, and generally only run from May 1 – June 15th. There is a slot limit in effect for Lingcod so all fish below 26" and above 36" must be released. Lingcod and Halibut are best caught by jigging off the bottom with lures or bait, but can also be caught by trolling and often are caught incidentally while trolling for salmon. Lead jigs with plastic tails or trailers, Pt. Wilson Darts, Buzz Bombs, and other jigs all work well. Also, bait such as herring can be fished near the bottom for Lingcod and Halibut.
Rockfish are now closed to fishing so there is a strict no catch policy regarding all species of rockfish. There are a multitude of other types of bottomfish that can be caught including, cabezon, greenling, and more. All rockfish including the Yelloweye and Canary are protected and must be released so please check the special rules for each area you are fishing. There is a 20 fathom depth restriction when bottom fishing which limits the depth that you can fish at when targeting bottomfish except for Halibut. This rule applies to Lingcod but not to Halibut or Salmon fishing.
Crabbing and prawning are also popular in the San Juan islands. There is a summer and winter crab catch season available in Marine area 7. Crab bait varies from fish heads and chicken parts to bagged herring. Pretty much anything that has a strong smell and will hold up under water for an extended period of time will work to catch crab. Make sure to mark your float with your personal information, and be sure to plan for tidal variations in how much rope you have attached to your pot. You don't want to put your pot out in 90 feet of water if you only have 100 feet of rope because if the tide comes up your float could go under water. Also, something to keep in mind is using decomposable strings to tie the door shut on your crab pot. That way if your pot does become derelict, the strings holding the door shut will rot away and any crabs left in the pot will be able to escape. Every year derelict pots continue to kill and waste hundreds of crab. If you get the crab catch record card on your license, be sure to return the summer and winter card to the WDFW or face a $10 fine on next year's license. It's easy to do online.
Can't I go crabbing from Aug 25 to Aug 29 2016?
Yes, it's usually open then. Make sure to get the regs before fishing or crabbing as they are subject to permanent and emergency rule changes at any time.
Is crabbing open off Orcas Island ?
Is prawning closed in marine area 7 west?


Pursuant to Article 30(2) of the FCA Regulation, where long-term transmission rights (LTTRs) do not exist on a bidding zone border at the entry into force of the FCA Regulation, the competent regulatory authorities of the bidding zone border need to adopt coordinated decisions on the introduction of LTTRs. In case the regulatory authorities request from the TSOs to develop hedging instruments other than LTTRs (i.e. alternative hedging instruments), the TSOs need to develop a proposal for alternative hedging instruments and submit it to the concerned regulatory authorities for approval and to the Agency for information.
Action 1: In May 2017, the regulatory authorities of the bidding zone border CZ-SK adopted a decision that the TSOs shall issue LTTRs on this border.
Action 2: In May 2017, the regulatory authorities of the bidding zone borders DK1-SE3, DK2-SE4, LV-LT and SE4-LT adopted a decision to request the concerned TSOs to develop alternative hedging instruments for these bidding zone borders.
Action 4: In November 2017, the TSOs of Denmark, Sweden, Latvia and Lithuania submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities the proposals for alternative hedging instruments on the bidding zone borders: DK1-SE3, DK2-SE4, LV-LT and SE4-LT.
Action 5: In May 2018, the regulatory authorities of Denmark, Sweden and Lithuania adopted decisions on alternative hedging instruments for the bidding zone borders: DK1-SE3 and DK2-SE4 and SE4-LT.
Action 6: In June 2018, the regulatory authorities of Latvia and Lithuania requested from the concerned TSOs to amend the proposal for alternative hedging instruments on the LV-LT bidding zone border.
Action 7: In August 2018, the TSOs of Latvia and Lithuania submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities the amended proposal for alternative hedging instruments on the bidding zone border LV-LT.
Action 8: In August 2018, the TSOs of Sweden and Lithuania submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities a proposal for amendments for alternative hedging instruments on the bidding zone border SE4-LT.
Action 9: By November 2018, the regulatory authorities of Sweden, Latvia and Lithuania adopted decisions on alternative hedging instruments for their bidding zone borders.
You can find documents related to the above actions here. Please note that only common agreements are published here (where they exist), whereas individual national decisions are not.
You can find the overview of the existing cross-zonal hedging instruments for all bidding zone borders here.
Pursuant to Article 31(3) of the FCA Regulation, TSOs of each CCR where LTTRs exist need to develop a proposal for a regional design of LTTRs and submit it to the concerned regulatory authorities for approval and to the Agency for information.
Action 1: By June 2017, TSOs in CCRs CORE, CHANNEL, IU, SWE, SEE, ITALY NORTH and GRIT submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposals for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 2: In October 2017, the regulatory authorities in CCRs CORE, IU, SWE, ITALY NORTH and GRIT approved the proposals for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 3: In October 2017, the regulatory authorities in CCR CHANNEL requested from the concerned TSOs to amend the proposal for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 4: In October 2017, TSOs from the CCRs HANSA and NORDIC informed the Agency that they were not able to submit a proposal for the regional design within the defined deadline. Pursuant to Article 4(4) of the FCA Regulation, the Agency informed the Commission about this issue.
Action 5: In November 2017, all TSOs from the CCR HANSA, NORDIC and BALTIC submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposals for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 6: In December 2017, the regulatory authorities in CCR SEE requested from the concerned TSOs to amend the proposal for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 7: In December 2017, all TSOs from the CCR CHANNEL submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the amended proposal for the regional design of LTTRs.
Moreover, pursuant to Article 31(3) of the FCA Regulation, all TSOs of each CCR, with recently introduced LTTRs, need to develop a proposal for the regional design of LTTRs to be issued on each bidding zone border within the concerned CCR, and submit it to the concerned regulatory authorities for approval and to the Agency for information.
Action 8: In December 2017, all TSOs of CCR CORE submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposal for amendments for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 9: In February 2018, the regulatory authorities in CCR CHANNEL approved the amended proposal for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 10: In February 2018, all TSOs from the CCR SEE submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the amended proposal for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 11: In March 2018, the regulatory authorities in CCRs HANSA and BALTIC approved the proposals for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 12: In April 2018, the regulatory authorities in CCR NORDIC approved the proposal for the regional design of LTTRs and the regulatory authorities in CCR SEE approved the amended proposal for the regional design of LTTRs.
Action 13: By July 2018, the regulatory authorities in CCR CORE approved the proposal for amendments for the regional design of LTTRs.
You can find the approved regional designs of long term transmission rights here.
Pursuant to Article 51(1) of the FCA Regulation, all TSOs need to develop a proposal for harmonised allocation rules and submit it to the concerned regulatory authorities for approval and to the Agency for information.
Action 1: In April 2017, all TSOs submitted to all regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposal for the harmonised allocation rules.
Action 2: In August 2017, the concerned regulatory authorities referred the proposal for the harmonised allocation rules to the Agency for a decision in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 4(11) of the FCA Regulation. The reason for the referral was that they were not able to reach an agreement on the proposal.
Action 3: In October 2017, the Agency adopted a decision on the proposal for the harmonised allocation rules.
The harmonised allocation rules should be implemented for the forward capacity allocation of 2018 onwards.
You can find the approved harmonised allocation rules here.
Pursuant to Article 52(3) of the FCA Regulation, the proposal for harmonised allocation rules developed pursuant to Article 51(1) of the FCA Regulation may also contain regional or bidding zone border specific requirements. These requirements may be developed by TSOs of each CCR and submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities for approval and to the Agency for information.
Action 1: In April 2017, all TSOs of each CCR submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposals for the regional or bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 2: In October 2017, the regulatory authorities of all CCRs, except CCR SEE, approved the proposals for the regional or bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 3: In October 2017, the regulatory authorities of CCR SEE referred the proposal for the regional or bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules to the Agency for a decision in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 4(11) of the FCA Regulation. The reason for the referral was that they were not able to reach an agreement on the proposal.
Action 4: In December 2017, the Agency adopted a decision on the proposal for the regional or bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules for CCR SEE.
Action 5: In April 2018, the TSOs of the EE-LV bidding zone border in the CCR Baltic submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities the proposal for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 6: In May 2018, the TSOs of CCR Core submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposal for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules related to CZ-SK border.
Action 7: In July 2018, the TSOs of the FR-UK and the BE-UK bidding zone border of the Channel CCR submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities two proposals for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 8: In September 2018, the regulatory authorities of the EE-LV bidding zone border in the CCR Baltic approved the proposal for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rule.
Action 9: In November 2018, the regulatory authorities of the CCR Core requested from the concerned TSOs to amend the proposal for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 10: In November 2018, the TSOs of CCR SWE, SEE and GRIT submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposals for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 11: By December 2018, the regulatory authorities of CCR SWE and GRIT approved the proposal for amendments for the regional or bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 12: In December 2018, the regulatory authorities of France and the UK requested from the concerned TSOs to amend the proposal for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 13: By January 2019, the TSOs of CCR Core submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the amended proposal for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 14: In January 2019, the regulatory authorities of Belgium and the UK approved the proposal for amendments of the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
Action 15: In February 2019, the TSOs of the FR-UK bidding zone border of the Channel CCR submitted to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Agency the amended proposal for amendments for the regional and bidding zone border specific requirements of harmonised allocation rules.
You can find the approved regional requirements of the harmonised allocation rules here.
Pursuant to Article 57(1) of the FCA Regulation, all TSOs need to develop a proposal for a methodology for sharing congestion income from forward capacity allocation and submit it to the concerned regulatory authorities for approval and to the Agency for information.
Action 1: By July 2018, all TSOs submitted all regulatory authorities and the Agency the proposal for the congestion income distribution methodology.
Action 2: By February 2019, all regulatory authorities requested from all TSOs to amend the proposal for the congestion income distribution methodology.
Pursuant to Article 61(3) of the FCA Regulation, all TSOs need to develop a methodology for sharing of LTTRs' firmness and remuneration costs and submit it to the concerned regulatory authorities for approval and to the Agency for information.


text:
Bias Curriculum Feminism
Female student realized her gender privilege 'once I took off my feminist blinders'
College Fix Staff •April 18, 2016
If women are really treated as badly in America as feminists say they are, why do they seem so … privileged?
That's the question posed by Toni Airaksinen, a student at women's college Barnard, which is affiliated with Columbia University.
Airaksinen writes in Quillette, a magazine that promotes "free thought," that her Barnard peers often "display conspiratorial glee when they make fun of and delegitimize men's issues" such as academic underachievement, to say nothing of male-heavy psychological problems and social ills.
She was "seduced by feminist ideology" when she started taking women's studies classes, but "real life taught me" that men suffer more than women in many ways – much higher rates of suicide, schizophrenia, autism and alcoholism, not to mention incarceration:
62% of the homeless population is male. Men are also 9x more likely to die homeless. In my experience living in NYC, homeless males outnumber females sleeping on the streets by at least 10:1, sometimes by much more. Unfortunately, neither men's issues nor homelessness are glamorous activist domains.
Additionally, 85% of black homicide victims are male. The last time I brought this up in a conversation, a white feminist scoffed and said "well that's their fault," which implied that victims of gang violence somehow deserved it. …
For me personally, I've learned that while being a female puts me at a higher risk of facing rape and domestic violence, it also has served as a shield against street violence, homelessness, poverty, academic failure, functional illiteracy, gun violence, and involvement in the criminal justice system. Once I took off my feminist blinders, I realized that I was fabulously privileged.
Up next tomorrow for @QuilletteM, why we need to add men's issues/men's rights to the Women's studies college curriculum!
— Toni Airaksinen (@Toni_Airaksinen) April 18, 2016
Airaksinen calls on professors at women's colleges, which are dominated by "upper-middle class" students, to teach on these fraught subjects without the snark:
Women's colleges, and private colleges in general, effectively quarantine young women in protective bourgeois maternal bubbles. Students are sheltered both physically and academically from the ravages that face men. …
How can we create a truly equal society when male-specific issues aren't just ignored, but laughed at?
h/t #RepealVAWA
IMAGE: Tamas Panczel-Eross/Shutterstock

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Guides:
https://vuehero.com/

## Install

https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/installation.html

Be sure you have [node installed](node.md) and up-to-date. Verify with:

    node -v
    nvm install node
    node -v

### Browser Dev Tools

https://github.com/vuejs/vue-devtools#vue-devtools

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/vue-js-devtools/

## New projects / Nuxt

Nuxt simplifies the configuration and structure of a Vue project for a community standard.

See: [Nuxt](nuxt.md)

## Slots & Props

Use Props when you want to pass in an object to a child component.

Use Slots when you want to pass in template code to a child component.

https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/components-props.html
Props — Vue.js
https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/components-slots.html#Scoped-Slots
Slots — Vue.js
https://github.com/vuejs/rfcs/blob/master/active-rfcs/0001-new-slot-syntax.md
rfcs/0001-new-slot-syntax.md at master · vuejs/rfcs
https://www.google.com/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=vue+props+vs+slots&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8
vue props vs slots - Google Search
https://medium.com/@nicomeyer/vue-js-slots-vs-props-af87078a8bd
Vue.js: slots vs. props - Nico Meyer - Medium

## Components

https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/components.html#Dynamic-Components
Components Basics — Vue.js

### Templates

https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/syntax.html

Common patterns:

List rendering
https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/list.html#key

### Scripts

The script block is where you put logic related to your component.

data is made up of properties
computed is made up of getters.

via:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58931647/nuxt-component-computed-vs-data

### Dynamic Styles

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47322875/vue-js-dynamic-style-with-variables

## Forms

## Routing

In your script section, use:

    router.push({name: "yourroutename")

router.push("yourroutename") is NOT the same as router.push({name: "yourroutename"). First one defines the route directly. The second one takes the route with the specified name.

via:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35664550/vue-js-redirection-to-another-page

## Custom Events

If you need to signal a parent component of something that has happened in a child component, use $emit.

Note:
If you've hit a situation where this pattern comes up, it may be a good time to consider using [vuex](vuex.md).

Child component triggers clicked event:

```
export default {
  methods: {
    onClickButton (event) {
      this.$emit('clicked', 'someValue')
    }
  }
}
```

Parent component receive clicked event:

```
<div>
  <child @clicked="onClickChild"></child>
</div>

```

Then, in the parent script block, handle the emitted event as needed:

```
export default {
  methods: {
    onClickChild (value) {
      console.log(value) // someValue
    }
  }
}
```

via:
https://forum.vuejs.org/t/passing-data-back-to-parent/1201

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


you behind the scenes to keep your PC clean and safe.
virus definitions file. The software will unpack files to look at and check them, and it then repacks them if they are safe.
to repair any files that have been damaged by a virus.
1) How often and how fast are the virus definitions updated. You want the answer to be "As soon as a new threat is found".
2) Are the virus definitions updated automatically? You want the answer to be "YES".
3) Can you configure the software to check for updates every time you go online? You want the answer to be "YES".
4) Is the software "smart" so that it can find viruses it doesn't even know about yet? You want the answer to be "YES".
be "YES" providing the computer is turned on so the automated scan can perform its task.
7) Does it provide a way to 'clean out' any viruses etc. that are found? You want the answer to be "YES".
8) Are upgrades to the anti-virus program performed automatically, regularly, and at no cost? You want the answer to be "YES".
good idea to add a bit of personal knowledge to the mix. Knowing what your software does helps you know what you should do!
Please come to our PC club meeting to learn about computer security and also get answers to any of your computer questions.
It starts at 7:00 PM in the Ardmore room upstairs in the Community Center on the second Tuesday of each month.
meets the second Tuesday of each month at 7:00 PM in the Community Center.


The CVR has been designated an OIE Collaborating Centre for Viral Genomics and Bioinformatics at the 82nd OIE General Session.
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) was created in 1924 and is an intergovernmental organisation responsible for improving animal health worldwide.
As the OIE Collaborating Centre for Viral Genomics and Bioinformatics, the CVR will specialise in developing bioinformatic tools and providing training in their application to facilitate the open sharing and analysis of viral genomic data across the animal health community.


Take your best shots with the AUXIWA Selfie Ring Light, just clip it to your phone and take the best selfies out there, its light makes the selfie look perfect, just like a professional studio photography would be, it illuminates your face and gets rid of all the harsh light, in addition to making you able to easily take selfies and even videos in dark places, night selfies are the best after all.
Compatible with almost every operating system, the MOCREO selfie stick is small, light and comes in three different colors, an overall fancy Bluetooth selfie stick that you can use with both your front and rear camera. The MOCREO selfie is also very practical, has a button for its LED lights and a switch button.
Another genius selfie stick, available with most operating systems, has multiple uses and is fairly practical. Furthermore, the FONESO selfie stick is extendable and equipped with a tripod that will help you take the most professional and stable pictures, there is no doubt in the FONSEO's usefulness.
This cellphone holder is perfect for multiple uses, it has a selfie ring light to further enhance the quality of your selfies/videos and a long and flexible 360° mount, needless to say it can be used hands free and is very easy to install, it is the best fit for live shows, broadcasts and video chat.
Definitely the most funny and creative set of selfie props, suitable for both children and adults, high quality material and original ideas, you'll be able to fill the speech bubbles with your own words and share your ideas with your friends, perfect for parties and outdoors activities, everyone loves this product!


A dead body which is preserved, clothed, and displayed as though still living, as a memorial to the deceased.
Early 19th century; earliest use found in Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), philosopher, jurist, and reformer. From auto- + icon.


Egypt and the world shuddered at the gruesome terror crime which took place on Friday 24 November during noon prayers in al-Rawdah mosque in the village of Bir al-Abd, 40km west of al-Arish in North Sinai. The attack, waged through gunfire and rocket-propelled grenades, left 305 worshippers dead and 128 injured. Now that terrorists have failed to defeat the Egyptian army and police, and have found Copts out of arm's length once security was stepped up around churches, they have turned their vile attention to Egypt's Muslims and struck them as they worshipped in a mosque. The gunfire took the defenceless worshippers by surprise, instantly killing some and injuring others; the terrorists even blew up the exit door to which the crowds inside the mosque impulsively rushed for their lives.
Terror has exposed its ugly face; the last fig leaf has fallen off. No point now for terrorists to rant about religious teachings as a pretext for their crimes: they had constantly categorised the military and police as apostates, and the Copts as polytheists deserving death. What now? How can they explain off killing defenceless Muslims, as a means of avenging themselves against the State that they were unable to bring down? Will Egypt in her entirety be penalised for rejecting fundamentalism and extremism, violence and terror? The bitter answer is: yes. Egypt is embroiled in a war against terror; a war that dwarfs regular wars which respect a code of honour that strives to keep unarmed civilians out of harm's way. It appears to be Egypt's fate to gear up for a gruesome war against terror, and to go through it single-handedly.
Why should Egypt fight this war on her own? President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi spelt out the reason in the address he gave to the nation following the heinous crime at the mosque. "What is going on is an attempt to impede our efforts to confront terror, and to shatter Egypt's will to foil the criminal plot to destroy what is left of the region," President Sisi said. Yes, this is the bottom line: Egypt is cruelly targeted because she did not succumb to the plot that brought down other countries in the region: Iraq, Syria, and Libya. Egyptians firmly believe that Egypt was miraculously saved from the gruesome fate that befell her neighbours; she was saved by the grace of God and by the strong fusion among her people, leadership, army, and police.
•	The UN Security Council (UNSC), among whose members are protectors of terror groups, condemns the terror attack and offers condolences to the families of the victims and the Egyptian government, "reaffirming that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations constitutes one of the most serious threats to international peace and security". It appears the UNSC too has adopted powerless lip service. Kindly note the 'too'.
•	In Washington, US President Trump expresses deep sorrow for the "horrible and cowardly" attack. "The world cannot tolerate terrorism, we must defeat them militarily," he says. This is the US President who inherited American policies deeply involved in fragmenting the Middle East, and whose Secretary of State assiduously attempts to win over Qatar.
•	In London, Prime Minister Theresa May condemns the attack which she describes as "sickening". She calls President Sisi for condolence. But she mentions not a word about her country being a safe haven for the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood, a group heavily involved in terrorist activity.
•	In Moscow, Russian President Putin sends a note of condolence to President Sisi, and confirms Russia's willingness for increased cooperation with Egypt to fight terrorism. Yet he forgets or overlooks the fact that he just concluded a summit with the Iranian and Turkish presidents, in which he certainly discussed mutual interests and cooperation, without going into curtailing the terror-fostering role of Iran and Turkey.
•	Ahmed Abul-Gheit, Secretary-General of the Arab League, strongly condemns the terror attack, and offers condolences to Egypt's leadership and people. But he is careful not to ruffle feathers with Qatar or Hamas.
Is it clear now why I said UNSC 'too' has resorted to lip service?
Let Egyptians fully realise they will wage the war against terror on their own … totally on their own.


text:
Another effort to thwart radicalism
Eteraz.org Launches Anti-Fundamentalist Fundraiser
NEW YORK, NY 02/18/2007—In an effort to counter the influence of radical Islamic doctrine in the US & UK, Muslim activist organization and think tank Eteraz.org has launched a fundraiser to provide modernist translations of the Quran to Western mosques, Muslim chaplaincies, and student associations.
"Today, the translation of the Quran most commonly found in Muslim institutions in the US is 'The Noble Quran', a Saudi-sponsored text that interprets the Quran according to a very conservative doctrine. That's problematic," says Eteraz.org founder Ali Eteraz. "We want to provide Muslims with a more modernist translation so that people can make up their own minds about controversial verses. The Saudi interpretation shouldn't be the only interpretation available to modern Muslims. That interpretation inserts hateful references to Jews and Christians and does nothing to clarify Quranic verses regarding women's rights."
With this fundraising effort, Eteraz.org hopes to raise $30,000 to donate 1,000 copies of the Muhammad Asad translation of the Quran to US mosques and Islamic education programs free of charge. The translation typically retails for $55, making it prohibitively expensive for many institutions.
"The Muhammad Asad translation is considered the most authoritative English translation to date," says Eteraz. "It interprets the Quran based on primary sources and a thorough knowledge of classical Arabic, instead of the agenda of a certain sect."
While CAIR (the Council for American Islamic Relations) has been providing copies of the Asad translation of the Quran to non-Muslims at no charge for some time, this is the first effort to make it freely available to Muslims themselves who are the engine of Islamic Thought.
"The Saudi interpretation of the Quran is really the only interpretation a Muslim can get for free in the US," claims Eteraz, "This means that Islamic education programs stressed for resources have no choice but to promote the state doctrine of Saudi Arabia. We'd like to change that."
To donate, visit http://www.eteraz.org/
¶ 1:36 PM
CAIR sends free Qurans to to anyone who requests one, including Muslims. Many Muslims have received free Qurans through our "Explore the Quran" initiative. SEE: www.cair.com/explorethequran
Ibrahim Hooper
Thanks, Ibrahim, I will order one :)
You can also read four English translations of the Qur'an online at this website:
http://www.searchtruth.com/list.php
Ya Haqq!
Thick skin
God Made Me Do It...
More on Iran
An attack on Iran would not serve Americans Intere...
More and More Snow!
The Al-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (Malcolm X) Khutbah C...
Snow Day! Hooray!
Republican Presidents
Nitpicking Grammar


StandardVision provides tailored technology to deliver unique immersive experiences.
SVRunner is designed to be incredibly flexible and powerful—offering programming modularity, extensive format compatibility, best-in-class playback performance and real-time interactivity.
StandardVision is a licensed contractor specialized in planning, installing, supervising and commissioning digital display technologies.


text:
David Bowie and "Lazarus."
Bowie on the set of the 1976 film adaptation of "The Man Who Fell to Earth."Photograph by Steve Schapiro and Fahey / Klein
I grew up, musically speaking, in a fairly segregated world. I didn't come across "white" music—folk, stadium rock, New Wave, and so on—until I was in my late teens, which was when I first heard David Bowie; one of my sisters had his superb 1976 album, "Station to Station." Playing the record, over and over again, I focussed less on Bowie's famous alienation—the alienation that informed his personae Ziggy Stardust, the Thin White Duke, and others—than on his warmth. He sang beautifully and dramatically about what a lot of singer-songwriters sing about: love. Still, Bowie was different. Love made him feel strange and connected and then nothing at all. But so did cocaine, sounds, fast cars, words, fame, fashion—all of which he treated as entities, like people. On his best records, you could hear modernism at work. Like Marcel Duchamp, he didn't so much differentiate between high and low subject matter as play with the destabilizing force of presentation: he knew that you could get away with anything if you balanced the weird abrasiveness of the new with the calm of classicism.
Like an actor (and some of the black performers I admired), Bowie seemed to work from the outside in—creating stage pictures that sometimes worked in tandem with the words, sometimes not. For rock purists, his attention to exteriors diminished his credibility and read as dandyism—a lipstick smear on rock's machismo. Writing in this magazine, in 1972, the critic Ellen Willis cast a supportive but cold eye on the performer:
What Bowie offers is not "decadence" (sorry, Middle America) but a highly professional pop surface with a soft core: under that multicolored Day-Glo frogman's outfit lurks the soul of a folkie who digs Brel, plays an (amplified) acoustic guitar, and sings with a catch in his voice about the downfall of the planet.
When the director Ivo van Hove used several Bowie songs in his staging of Tony Kushner's AIDS epic, "Angels in America," at BAM last year, it was the warmth and sincerity that Willis notes that shone through the sadness of the show, which was extraordinary and left me feeling wounded, my throat tight with all the goodbyes I managed to say and did not say during the years Kushner was writing about. (By stripping the play of all its usual gimmickry, the production's designer, Jan Versweyveld, made a vista filled with grief, humor, and loneliness.) As Kushner's characters talked about how they met or fell in love, van Hove sometimes projected images of a sunset on Fire Island—a meeting place for so many gay men. The images were shot from a distance, like memories, and to those memories he added the nostalgia that came from hearing Bowie's "Golden Years" or "The Man Who Sold the World": melancholy white soul music that connoted good times, and then the end of good times. After that wonder of a show closed, van Hove and Bowie were said to be collaborating on a new work, "Lazarus," which Bowie had co-written with the Irish playwright Enda Walsh. I, for one, couldn't wait. I wish I had.
The set for "Lazarus" (now at New York Theatre Workshop) has the look of an incubator, with musicians positioned behind two glass panels separated by a video monitor. (The set and the lighting design are by Versweyveld.) At first, we see only static on the screen, then it and the surrounding walls are filled with TV images: politicians pontificating, housewives and kids smiling, products being sold. Thomas Newton (Michael C. Hall) is the baby who dominates this controlled environment, and gin is his mother's milk. Watching TV and walking unsteadily from the sleeping area in his New York apartment to the fridge, where he grabs another bottle, is all he can manage, that and occasionally singing Bowie songs, such as "Lazarus," that tell us something about his ennui:
Look up here, I'm in heaven
I've got scars that can't be seen
I've got drama, can't be stolen
Everybody knows me now . . .
By the time I got to New York
I was living like a king
Then I used up all my money . . .
Ain't that just like me.
A kind of post-Sondheim protagonist, Newton is built, it seems, to feel nothing, or to neutralize everything that might cause feeling—or interest us. After a while, he is visited by an old associate named Michael (the sexy and authoritative Charlie Pollock), a stiff-backed alpha male and committed capitalist in a natty suit. Michael can't believe that Newton would willingly give up his position as a businessman of the first order to become a semi-recluse, nursing wounds that come from—who knows? All we know for a while is that Newton is spiritually dead, a Lazarus who cannot rise to life, let alone the kind of life the stage demands.
After Michael leaves, we listen to Newton's assistant, Elly (Cristin Milioti), and her husband, Zach (Bobby Moreno), who is jealous of Elly's relationship with her employer and confronts her about it:
Zach: Do you think being an assistant will fulfill you?
Elly: I know you think my résumé's been written by squirrels—while your love of Information Technology has been handed down from Moses. Will it "fulfill" me? The suggestion is—of course it won't—well, maybe it will, Zach.
Zach: Right, maybe it will—I hope it does.
Elly: And why do you hope that?
Zach: Because I want my wife to be fulfilled—obviously not fulfilled with Thomas Fucking Newton.
This is some of the more scintillating dialogue in this intermissionless two-hour production, from which the drama has been bled out. Van Hove's stage is a void. As the minutes tick on, it becomes more and more obvious that we cannot be actively engaged by Zach and Elly, let alone by Newton and Michael, because none of them have an inner life: Bowie and Walsh and van Hove didn't imagine one for them. After Zach and Elly's forced and artificial quarrel, Newton beats his fist against a wall and sings Bowie's "It's No Game (Part 1)," a great tune, full of aural and emotional dissonance. But why Newton sings the song at this point isn't clear—unless, of course, he can plug into Zach and Elly's argument telepathically?
The script of "Lazarus" was inspired by Walter Tevis's 1963 novel, "The Man Who Fell to Earth," about a "humanoid alien" who lands in post-Eisenhower Kentucky in search of the water he needs to save his drought-ridden planet. It doesn't take long for Newton's superior intelligence to be discovered in that conformist milieu, where everyone and everything is average. After a while, he becomes the enormously wealthy head of a technology conglomerate. Even as he is caught up in the trappings of earthly success, though, Newton longs for the difference he calls home. When Bowie played Newton, in Nicolas Roeg's 1976 film adaptation, he gave a creepily brilliant and precise performance, drawing on the alienation that he no doubt felt from his own body: during that period, he was heavily addicted to cocaine.
Hall is dedicated, too, but, like most actors without the support of a real script, he overacts to compensate. Van Hove has a considerable reputation as a theatre artist who "writes" his shows, that is, as someone whose vision is as important as the text itself, but in this case he allowed the production to proceed without a workable text. Van Hove has said that Bowie is one of his favorite artists, and perhaps that was intimidating: how can you reinvent your idol? Instead, he goes along with the nonsense that Bowie and Walsh have halfheartedly dreamed up, including Teenage Girls (Krystina Alabado, Krista Pioppi, Brynn Williams), who sometimes wear masks and sing backup for Newton for no reason whatsoever. Then, there's Girl (Sophia Anne Caruso), who has long blond hair and wears white and represents purity with a capital "P." When she's not onstage, she's on video, running through darkness, presumably toward Newton, who dreams of returning to space.
By the time Newton does leave and the stage goes black, the theatre is filled with incomprehension, an unsatisfied sourness, and the pretentious posturing of those who believe they have grasped the meaning of the play. As a director, van Hove has made an essential interpretive mistake: he's gone for the "cold," "alien" Bowie of the Roeg film, as opposed to Bowie the storyteller, the warm wizard whose songs brought so much not only to "Angels in America" but to the pop world. As a co-author, Bowie has made the mistake of believing that a theatre piece can be as sketchy as a song. Like a number of other rock musicians whose hits have stopped coming, Bowie perhaps thought that he could remake himself as a playwright—or something. (Green Day, Sting, and U2 have all tackled Broadway with some degree of success.) He chose to work with a director who is known for his self-conscious avant-gardism—a "real" artist who defies the conventional. But, by disavowing the conventional so strenuously, Bowie, with Walsh and van Hove, has made a show that's actually old-fashioned at heart, less rock-and-roll rebellious than anything he ever did on his own. It's as if he'd forgotten that, as a younger artist, he made theatre that was unlike anyone else's. His script back then was his beauty and his warmth and his ability to make us believe any story that he felt was worth telling. ♦
Published in the print edition of the December 21 & 28, 2015, issue.
More:Angels In AmericaCultureDavid BowieEllen WillisEnda WalshIvo van HoveNew York Theatre Workshop
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Ivo van Hove's raw productions bring out the elemental drama of classic works.
By Rebecca Mead
The path that leads from David Bowie to us.


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Dorra Bouzid, née en 1933, est une journaliste, pharmacienne, critique d'art et animatrice culturelle tunisienne. Elle est considérée comme l'une des premières voire la première femme journaliste de son pays.

Biographie
Née en 1933, elle est la fille de Chérifa Messadi et de Hamed Bouzid, mais celui-ci meurt lorsqu'elle a un an. Elle est élevée par le second époux de sa mère, l'écrivain et homme politique Mahmoud Messadi. Elle suit, adolescente, le militantisme de ses parents au sein de l'Union générale tunisienne du travail. Elle mène à la demande de ses parents des études de pharmacie et devient par la suite la deuxième femme tunisienne diplômée en pharmacie après Jalila Rebaï, ses études en pharmacie la conduisent à Paris, où à son tour elle milite et intègre l'Union générale des étudiants de Tunisie. Elle est la première femme à appartenir au bureau de ce mouvement, et écrit également dans son journal, L'Étudiant tunisien, sous le pseudonyme de Leila.

En avril 1955, Béchir Ben Yahmed créé un hebdomadaire baptisé L'Action et incluant une chronique féministe dont il lui confie la rédaction. Elle écrit toujours sous le pseudonyme de Leila. Le 9 décembre 1957, l'une de ses chroniques qui s'intitule  est consacrée à la situation précaire de la famille du syndicaliste Farhat Hached (assassiné en 1952) ; cet article a un certain écho en Tunisie. Elle écrit également sur la place des femmes dans la société, l'importance de la lutte féministe, le droit de vote, le féminisme et la religion, etc.

En 1959, revenue en Tunisie, elle fonde le premier magazine féminin, et féministe, arabo-africain, Fayza, mêlant sérieux et légèreté, mettant en avant tous les éléments de la culture tunisienne. Elle collabore à de nombreux périodiques tunisiens, tout en restant une personnalité indépendante des partis et du pouvoir. Dans le domaine culturel, elle crée notamment la Soirée des écoles de danse au Festival international de Carthage et rédige un livre d'art sur l'École de Tunis, qui fait référence sur la peinture tunisienne contemporaine.

Walid Tayaa lui a consacré un documentaire, Dorra Bouzid, une Tunisienne, un combat, sorti en 2012.

Références

Liens externes

Journaliste tunisienne
Historienne de l'art
Pharmacienne tunisienne
Naissance en 1933
Lieu de naissance inconnu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How should a job offer be withdrawn?
What are the penalties if an employer does not verify an employee's eligibility of employment?
Frequently asked questions and answers on HR issues relating to recruiting and hiring: negligent hiring.


"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt: immediate and short-term follow-up res" by Usman Ahmad, Saulat H. Fatimi et al.
Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt: immediate and short-term follow-up results in neonates.
A retrospective review of Patient charts was done to select 22 neonatal cases of various types of cyanotic heart diseases who had undergone MBTS creation from 1999 to 2005. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected. Patients were followed up on their post-operative visits. Twenty-two neonates, 14 males and 8 females, mean age 11.2+/-6.9, underwent MBTS surgery during the six-year period of study. Pulmonary artery diameters were 3+/-0.2 and 2.9+/-0.2 for the right and left arteries, respectively. All Patients received a 4mm Gor-Tex shunt through a postero-lateral thoracotomy approach. The mean duration of post-operative mechanical ventilation was 3.9+/-4.5 days. Three neonates (13.6%) died within one month of surgery while another three (13.6%) died after three months of surgery. Among these deaths, two were due to shunt occlusion/failure (9%) and the rest were due to non-cardiac causes. Another two Patients underwent revision of surgery after shunt failure. Pulmonary atresia with intact interventricular septum was the most common cardiac anomaly in our series.
The mortality rate in neonates is highest during the first post-operative month. Shunt thrombosis and occlusion can be sudden and fatal therefore coagulation profile should be carefully monitored especially in the peri-operative period. PA-IVS was the most common anatomical variant in our limited experience and had high morbidity and mortality rate after surgery.
Ahmad, U., Fatimi, S., Naqvi, I., Atiq, M., Moizuddin, S., Sheikh, K., Shahbuddin, S., Naseem, T., Javed, M. (2008). Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt: immediate and short-term follow-up results in neonates.. Heart, Lung & Circulation, 17(1), 54-8.


text:
Fantasy Pride
Prix-fixe Menu
Let's Eat | Full Menu
Aboutpixlgraphx2021-05-11T10:11:48-04:00
Art, Passion, and Vision
The Garden restaurant lounge is inspired on the flavors of Latin America. The kitchen team behind The Garden introduces savory flavors from different regions including dishes such as fried Oysters, Churrasco, Grilled Octopus and Ceviche. Moreover, our mixology combines the finest brands and spirits with natural flavors and textures with modern techniques such as dry fruit, edible flowers and smoke. Dining and celebrating all seamlessly merge into one unique experience.
The Garden provides a mixture of culinary and lifestyle experience. Dishes full of taste, distinctive cocktail creations and a dynamic trendy ambiance surrounded by wall art and modern colorful designs in every space. Our concept transforms dining into an elevated experience for guest to socialize and celebrate the night away.
331 Morris Ave, Elizabeth, NJ 07208
Monday to Friday: 4:00pm – 1:00am
Saturday and Sunday: 12:00pm – 1:00am
We work with a team of passionated people interested in giving you an extraordinary dining experience.
Corporate Chef (Bio)
Adrian Leon
Chef Adrian Leon creates traditional international dishes infused with the dynamic, sophisticated flavors he mastered in New York City's finest restaurants. Born in Mexico City, Adrian acquired his passion for food while learning traditional Mexican cooking from his mother. This passion led him to pursue a culinary career and ultimately to Douglas Rodriguez's Patria, innovator of Nuevo Latino cuisine. Adrian worked closely with Rodriguez for ten years, creating dishes, planning menus, and playing an instrumental role in the creation and establishment of Rodriguez's Chicama Restaurant.
In addition to Patria and Chicama, Adrian has served as Chef De Cuisine of Rosa Mexicano – Lincoln Center, Chef of Zocalo, Executive Chef of Zona Rosa and Chef of Barrio, among others. Each restaurant provided Adrian with a new and unique platform from which to perfect his skills and grow his excellent reputation in the culinary world.
Most recently, Adrian has expanded his culinary repertoire at Tudor Steakhouse and China Grill, which featured his creativity using Chinese and Japanese flavors. During the previous four years, Adrian showcased his authentic Mexican and Latino cuisine as Chef / Owner of Agua Fresca in East Harlem, which was named one of the 10 best restaurants by the New York Times. Adrian has also displayed his culinary talent on the Food Network series Beat Bobby Flay.
Restaurant Consultant
Ivan Ruiz
Experienced national wine importer. Founder executive of Summit Wine and Food Festival. Education Certified by the Master Court of Sommeliers and the Sommelier Society of America.
David Proano
David began his career as a mixologist in 2014, designing a variety of cocktails for busy local restaurants in Manhattan. His empathy and desire for innovation allow him to create cocktail combinations, using a variety of flavor punches and exquisite liquors.
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