2. Петров В.А., Баранова Л.В. Структура источников и направленность вторичного излучения при дальнем тропосферном распространении радиоволн11 Радиотехника. 2005. Вып. 143. С. 83-88.
3. Петров В. А. Векторное поле радиоволн, рассеянных в тропосфере на флуктуаци-ях диэлектрической проницаемости11 Радиотехника.2006. Вып. 145. С. 126-129.
5. Дальнее тропосферное распространение ультракоротких волн.1 Под ред. Б.А. Введенского и др. М.: Сов. радио, 1965. 418с.
The mixed propagation paths are considered for high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) and radar path losses are estimated for homogeneous patches with different electrical properties of sea and land as well as disturbed sea state influence.
1. Introduction. Long distance surveillance of 200 nautical miles Exclusive Economical Zone (EEZ) using HFSWR is a developing technology , which has already shown its capabilities to detect ships and aircrafts, to collect data about the ocean environment remotely. The working principle of HFSWR is based on the diffraction of HF radio waves with vertical polarization along the earth surface . There are different scenarios of HF surface wave propagation depending on the region and HFSWR coverage, e.g. the propagation along smooth sea surface is a homogeneous path, the propagation along disturbed sea surface is a inhomogeneous path, the propagation along the sea surface with many islands of different size is a mixed path. In the lattermost case the electric properties of the land can be inhomogeneous.
where P is the energy potential, a is the radar cross section of a target, Tcit is the coherent integration time, W is the two-path radar attenuation, Lsys is the system losses, N is the interference level.
Following (1) the main component of radar propagation losses is the radar attenuation W because there are several hardware and software techniques to minimize these losses for the active and passive interference level N that influences the HFSWR operation. It is necessary to propose an adequate propagation model in order to estimate the signal attenuation along the path for different working frequencies. The final accurate solution hasn't been found yet. The formulas in  are complicated to realize therefore the Millington's empirical technique  seems to be simple and gives satisfactory results compared to the theory in . This technique is used in CCIR Rec. 368-8  and includes the problems of homogeneous and mixed HF surface propagation paths. Nevertheless the use of graphical data from  is not convenient for the HFSWR permanently choosing the operating frequencies with minimal active interference levels to adapt to complicated electromagnetic environment. Such estimation is necessary in real time especially during the HFSWR operation along the mixed paths.
To overcome this problem there is a necessity to develop an interface-friendly software tool to estimate radar path losses. The program is based on the program GRWAVE  to calculate the field strength according to  and uses the mathematical model of exponential atmosphere CCIR. Actually this program is used to calculate the filed strength of surface waves along the smooth homogeneous earth with the conductivity a and the relative permittivity s. Mil-lington's technique is utilized to analyze the radar losses estimation under the mentioned above environment.
where Pr is the signal power at the receiver input, Pt is the transmitted power.
Pr (d ) = E(d )222/(4nZ 0) where X is the wave length, Z0 = 120n is the impedance in free space.
where the working frequency f is in MHz and the filed strength E is in uV/m.
where ED and ER are the filed strengths for direct path (transmitter-receiver) and return path (receiver-transmitter) respectively, dn is the length of the n-th path patch. The path patches sk and rk are shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Different patches of the mixed propagation path.
Et =(Ed + Er )/2.
) is the field strength at distance d2 for the homogeneous medium 1; E2 (d^) - is the field strength at distance d-1 for the homogeneous medium 2; E2(d-2) is the field strength at distance d2 for the homogeneous medium 2; + d2) is the field strength at distance d-1 + d2 for the homogeneous medium 1; E2(d1 + d2) is the field strength at distance d-1 + d2 for the homogeneous medium 2.
coverage zone, as well as in case of additional losses due to disturbed sea surface. To estimate HFSWR losses in case of propagation along the mixed paths with homogeneous properties, several path scenarios are considered. Initially the propagation scenario of the path "sea-land-sea-land-sea" (see Fig. 2, left) is considered at patch lengths equal to 100 km, electric properties of sea surface with a =5 S/m and s = 70 (average sea water salinity), electric properties of dry soil with a =0.01 S/m and s = 15. The case of homogeneous propagation path along the smooth sea surface is shown in the right part of Fig.2 by dashed lines. The case of mixed propagation path including two islands is shown in Fig.2 by solid lines. The electric properties of sea surface are a =5 S/m and s = 80, the electric properties of land are a =0.003 S/m and s = 15. The islands of 20 km and 50 km sizes are at the distances 50 km and 170 km respectively. In Fig. 2 the homogeneous path (thick horizontal line) and EEZ's border (vertical line) are shown.
Fig. 2. Two-path surface wave attenuation while propagating along the mixed path. Left part: using frequencies 5-25 MHz stepped by 5 MHz (the upper curve is at 5 MHz, the lower curve is at 25 MHz). Right part: using frequencies 3.5 MHz, 5.5 MHz and 10-25 MHz stepped by 5 MHz (the upper curve is at 3.5 MHz, the lower curve is at 25 MHz).
The Millington's effect is seen clearly in these figures. The rapid increase of attenuation at the border "sea-land" and the reconstruction at the border "land-sea" show a capability to detect surface targets behind the island. This effect has been already confirmed experimentally but it is still necessary to investigate it further. Hereby it is important to notice that islands increase the surface wave propagation attenuation; additional one-way attenuation can be 15 dB due to mixed paths; the islands surrounding to the HFSWR induce more attenuation compared to outlying ones; the critical parameters of mixed path attenuation are radial lengths of patches and distances between them; additional attenuation can be minimized by HFSWR operating at lower frequencies.
surface under strong storms and hurricanes is necessary to estimate theoretically and experimentally for distances equal at least the distance to the EEZ's border.
at the frequencies 5, 10 and 20 MHz vs. distances. 1 - wind speed is 2.5 m/s; 2 - wind speed is 5 m/s; 3 - wind speed is 7.5 m/s; 4 - wind speed is 10 m/s; 5 - wind speed is 12.5 m/s; 6 - wind speed is 15 m/s.
Fig. 4. Two-path surface wave attenuation while propagating along the disturbed sea surfce, the homogeneous path (left) and the mixed path (right). The upper curve is at 5 MHz, the lower curve is at 25 MHz. Wind speed is 15 m/s.
Conclusions. The mixed propagation paths bring additional radar losses for the HFSWR in case of homogeneous patches with different electric sea and soil properties as well as disturbed sea state influence. The developed software allows predicting and estimating the radar losses for the mixed propagation paths in real-time operation.
1. A.L. Dzvonkovskaya, L.I. Dzvonkovsky, F.F. Evstratov, V.A. Sobchuk. Modern state and prospects of HFSWR development. Naukoemkie Tekhnologii, Vol.8, No. 10, 2007, pp. 316 (in Russian).
2. Feinberg E.L. Wave propagation along the earth surface. M.: Nauka, 1999. 496 p. (in Russian).
3. Millington G. Ground Wave propagation over an Inhomogeneous Smooth Earth. Proc. IRE, Part III, Vol.96, 39, January, 1949, pp. 53-64.
4. CCIR. Ground wave Propagation Curves for Frequencies Between 10 kHz and 30 MHz. CCIR Rec. 368-8, Genf, 2005.
6. Barrick D. E. Theory of HF and VHF propagation across the rough sea. Part 2. Application to HF and VHF propagation above sea. Radio Science, Vol.6, No. 5, May 1971, pp. 527-533.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ОТРАЖАТЕЛЬНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ ЗЕМНЫХ ПОВЕРХНОСТЕЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ БОРТОВЫХ РАДИОЛОКАТОРОВ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ.
В.А. Зелинский Научно-технический центр АН ПРЭ 61166, г. Харьков, просп. Ленина, 14, тел 702-18-09 E-mail: akad@kture.kharkov.ua The goal of the given work is review of modern current state and estimation of future trends in development of air traffic control radars.
1. Введение. Для обеспечения безопасности полетов авиации используются средства навигации и наблюдения. В настоящее время определяющее значение в развитии указанных средств играет внедрение систем космического базирования GPS, Глонас и других. Однако, абсолютизация возможностей спутниковых систем явно неправомерна ( 1 ). От качества функционирования спутникового сегмента, возможных нарушений в его работе зависит очень многое.
В силу отмеченного традиционные радиотехнические средства навигации и наблюдения предполагается использовать еще достаточно длительное время. Гармоническое же развитие различных видов средств, базирующихся на различных физических или технических принципах, может действительно создать гарантии безопасности полетов летательных аппаратов, особенно на малых высотах. Дублирование различных полей в одном и том же воздушном пространстве, в частности со слабо развитой радиолокационной инфраструктурой, обеспечит выполнение задач авиацией в чрезвычайных ситуациях.
Целью проведенных исследований является создание перспективных бортовых радиовысотомеров для обеспечения полетов на малых и предельно малых высотах, в том числе и над пересеченной местностью. При этом по-прежнему является актуальной задача учета специфики эхо-сигналов, отраженных от различных участков земной поверхности при полетах ЛА на разных высотах.
2. Основными тактическими характеристиками радиовысотомеров (РВ) являются пределы и точность измерения высоты и вертикальной скорости. В зависимости от назначения измерителя требования к его параметрам изменяются в широком диапазоне. Одним из них является сохранение заданной точности измерения при различных эволю-циях полета ЛА. Для уменьшения возникающих из-за кренов ЛА погрешностей применяют широкие ДНА. Построение и характеристики РВ определяются видом зондирующих сигналов.
В проведенных экспериментальных исследованиях реализован частотный метод измерения дальности с использованием непрерывного симметричного линейного частотного модулированного сигнала в сантиметровом диапазоне длин волн. Антенная система состояла из двух рупорных антенн: передающей и приемной. Электромеханический привод обеспечивал изменение ориентации обеих антенн в вертикальной плоскости от 0° до 50°.
В приемном трактате сигнал с выхода частотомера подавался на вычислительное устройство (СВУ) и индикатор. В СВУ реализован алгоритм обработки эхо-сигналов, учитывающий изменение профиля земной поверхности по всей трассе полета ЛА. В нем учтена специфика отражения радиосигналов СВЧ - диапазона от протяженной поверхности со случайным рельефом, а также наличие высоковольтных ЛЭП, автотрасс с различным числом автотранспорта, высотных зданий, состояние растительного покрова по времени года, наличие объемных рассеивателей (дождь, туман). При этом определялся пространственный радиус корреляции для эхо - сигналов от земной поверхности.


It's 1896 in New York City and psychologist (The Alienist) Laszlo Kreizler is enlisted by Police Commissioner Roosevelt to catch a killer preying on homeless boys. With help, and against all the odds, Kreizler must stop the grizzly murders in this impeccably told story. An absolute must watch.
Set in New York city in 1896, the opening scene involves the murder of a very young boy. And this is no ordinary murder. It is brutal beyond belief and a little stomach churning. John Moore, played by Luke Evans, is an illustrator who has been sent to the murder scene by his friend Laszlo Kreizler. The aim is to capture the image of the boy. Kreizler is an alienist, or in today's terms, a psychologist. He believes that the boy is just one of many being killed by the same person. However, as a doctor he has no jurisdiction over the crime and the police are less than receptive to outside interference.
Fortunately for both Kreizler and Moore, they went to Harvard with Commissioner Roosevelt. He in turn is facing his own problems having taken over an exceptionally corrupt police department. Knowing they have vey few people to rely on, Roosevelt sends two detectives to help investigate the crime. Marcus and Lucius Isaacson are two young officers whose progressive nature and Jewish background have seen them more or less excluded from the every day goings on in the department. The last person to join the group is Sarah Howard, played by Dakota Fanning. She is first female to ever be hired by the NYPD. Bucking all trends for the time, she enters unchartered territory when agreeing to help out.
It is now up to the five of them to find the killer before any more murders take place. It is an uphill battle for a number of reasons. The first is that it must be done in secret to prevent the old guard in the NYPD from kicking off. The second is that the boys being murdered are all child prostitutes who nobody really cares about. The third is that the primary suspect is from an incredibly wealthy family who will stop at nothing to protect their son. With their backs to the wall, can they stop an invisible murderer?
The Alienist is an impeccably executed series. Every single character and actor playing them is sublime. Daniel Brühl as Laszlo Kreizler is inspired. He also starred in Rush as Niki Lauda as well as Tarantino's Inglorious Basterds. The setting, the attention to detail replicating 1896 is top notch. Every episode is well thought out and leaves you hanging for more. If you give it a go then expect to binge watch. The tension keeps building as the story unfolds and the 'next episode' button becomes just too much to resist.
And the good news is that a second season of the show was confirmed on August 16th 2018 and it will be based on the sequel to the original novel called The Angel of Darkness.


please be polite and answer us as fast as you can.
We (Kristian and Maja) have an Organic Almond and vineyard - farm in the Alpujarras, which is just south from the Sierra Nevada Mountain with the summit (Mulhacen) reaching 3500 meters. The area is perfect for hiking with the famous GR7 nearby and cycling – on and off road. The farm is 1.6km away on a dirt track from nearest road where buses drive by. Nearest town - Cadiar is about 10 min away by car. Cadiar have most of supplies needed and a big market twice a month, also bars and restaurants. A number of different Fiestas are held here as well with a wine and food fiesta as the best one.
We are now in the process of training the vines. We are tying them up to climb the fence.
Another task is to prune the wines mid January each year. We de weed between the plants when needed the whole year.
Harvest of the grapes will be around late August - October. The grapes are picked into boxes and then loaded on to a track tractors tray in the field.
The terrain is steep in many places and it is a physical demanding activity for the people who load the tractor.
We pick almonds as well from September. After that the trees will be pruned. Manually or by chainsaw depending if you have previous experience/training. Or if you want you can be thought here by us. We have safety equipment.
Some construction work is also needed on our buildings.
We are a Scandinavian couple in our fifties. We have 4 dogs: Coco Chanel,Daddy Cool, Paloma and Palomo, Also 8 chickens and two cats Punkis and Luna.
We prefer that helpers stay for at least 2 weeks.
Your accommodation is in an self-contained apartment which means that you make your own food except when we inviting you for a barbecue or dinner. Then we all make the dishes together and clean up. We provide normal food for you.
In order to avoid conflicts in your kitchen you need to be an all eater.
The apartment has 2 bedrooms, kitchen with diner, bathroom and a living room. You clean after yourselves.
We need commitment from you after you have accepted to come that you really are arriving.
We have had 7 people jumping off just a couple of days before they are supposed to arrive and that first after we have contacted them to ask them when to pick them up in Cadiar.
We are an Scandinavian couple in our fifties. We have been working in the IT industry and flower - gardening retail respectively. We bought this farm Dec 2005. We have built it up almost from scratch. New Main house, Renovated the Bodega with apartment and workshops. Installed power, water system for irrigation, sewage, bulldozed dirt roads and a lot more. New 4 HA Vineyards. We have been working very hard and we feel it in every bone and muscle.
The apartment have 2 bedrooms with a total of 4 single individual beds. Kitchen with diner, Entrance - tv room and a big bathroom. Outside is a campfire setup for grilling.
Self catering in the apartment. Basic food. No Alcohol is included except at our discretion We have dinners in the main house where we all help out to cook and set the tables etc. when we decide too.


HSSC India Ltd Recruitment 2016 Apply at hsccltd.co.in for Manager, Assistant Engineer and Executive Assistant Jobs. HSCC (India) Limited, known earlier as Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation Limited with Mini Ratna status has promulgated an immediate absorption notification which is going to be filled on Contract basis.
This Indian Government Enterprise is in need of quality aspirants for Manager, Assistant Engineer and Executive Assistant posts, under various disciplines. Candidates applying for HSSC Jobs will continue in this Corporation only upto 2 years. During this period, the senior authorities would monitor their performances and further extension of Contract will be entirely based on incumbent's performance & organization requirement. Also, if their performance is worst during this tenure they may be terminated without any notice.
Individuals those who aspires to be a part of this leading organization must possess excellent Computer knowledge. Appointees will work in HSCC's various ongoing and future assignments, based on decision of management. Also, they will get postings anywhere i.e. in India/ Abroad.
The selected aspirants may perform roles like timely delivery of design for all projects, site supervision, interacting with clients, etc based on designation. The eligibility criteria, salary scale and applying procedure is summarized in below section.
Designation General Manager, Assistant Manager, etc..
Persons willing to engage as Manager/ Assistant Engineer/ Executive Assistant must have accomplished Graduation/ Post Graduation in concerned disciplines with not less than 60% marks from any government approved institution. These qualifications vary based on the position/ discipline you apply.
Diploma holders in relevant fields can also apply for the Executive Assistant Engineer position. For technical posts, knowledge in Ms-Office, MS Projects, Primavera, etc. is also essential. If the applying individuals have worked in any CPWD/ PSU or Government organizations, then they will be get more preference (applicable only for Project Management & Site Supervision field).
Excellent communication and interpersonal skills are required, to apply for the posts under Human Resource Management discipline. He/ She desiring to work in this Corporation under Company Secretary field, should be well versed in Secretarial standards and Company laws.
Those who are applying for Executive Assistant posts under Finance discipline should be conversant in tendering procedure of PSU/ Government organizations. Knowledge in labour laws, disciplinary & establishment matters, planning, etc. is essential for Executive Assistant (HR) position.
For Executive Assistant (PR) post, key skills in MIS reporting, planning, scheduling meetings & appointments, maintaining files, etc. are also essestial.
Indian nationals having 3 to 23 years of working experience in relevant areas can apply for HSCC's recruitment. The years of post qualification experience would differ based on the position/ discipline you apply.
HSCC has set the upper age limits based on position. The ceiling age given below in table will be reckoned as on August 1, 2016.
The aforementioned age limits are relaxable in case of SC/ ST/ OBC (NCL)/ Ex-Servicemen and PH professionals, as per current norms of Government.
After seeing the response received against each post, HSCC will conduct Interview for eligible candidates. Professionals qualifying in interview round shall be subjected to Medical Examination. Also, they should produce their original and self signed copies of relevant documents for Certificate Verification.
Anyhow, final selection will be based on Vigilance Clearance and satisfactory Annual Confidential Reports.
Note: Time, venue and date of interview will be intimated through Email ID.
The deputed individuals will work in an informal atmosphere and the monthly salaries are assigned based on their designations as mentioned below.
In addition to the basic salary, they may also get Medical Reimbursement, Accommodation, Leave Encashment, Conveyance Advance, PF, Gratuity, etc. as per HSCC rules.
A Demand Draft (DD) of Rs.500/- should be drawn in favour of "HSCC (India) Limited" which is payable at Delhi/ Noida. This is a non-refundable fee that is exempted in case of SC/ ST/ PWD applicants and Internal candidates. After receiving the DD from bank officials, write your "Name and Discipline Applied for" at the back side of DD.
The application form to apply for Manager/ Assistant Engineer/ Executive Assistant designations is given in Careers page of HSCC's official website. Download & fill the form and attach it with Demand Draft (if applicable) & self attested copies of documents like Education, Experience, Date of Birth, Caste, Disability (if any), passport size photograph & ID proof.
Superscribe the top of cover with "Level and Post Applied for" and forward it through Post to "Chief General Manager, HSCC (India) Limited, E-6(A), Sector-1 , Noida (U.P) – 201 301" without any delay.
Closing date for receipt of application form and other documents: 11th August 2016.


A Trump supporter threatens to burn down Revolution Books in Berkeley, California (Screen cap).
The Tennessean has published an editorial by a Trump supporter named Ryan Moore who claims white men who support the president are "the most discriminated against group of people" living in the United States today.
At the start of his editorial, Moore bitterly complains that anonymous people on social media websites have said mean things about him when they see a photo of him in his "Make America Great Again" hat.
"Many people have wished me dead, made threats and often call me racist simply because I support the wall and the President of the United States," he writes.
Moore then pivots to what he sees as the single biggest problem in America today: Racial injustice directed against white men.
In reality, statistics compiled by American law enforcement officials show that hate crimes targeting both black Americans and Jews in 2017 both outnumbered the total number of hate crimes that targeted white people, despite the fact that there are vastly more white people as a percentage of the population than there are blacks and Jews.
Moore concludes his op-ed by calling liberals to be more tolerant of white Trump supporters — and then says that he relishes making them angry by wearing his MAGA hat.
"I truly would like everyone to be civil and respectful to one another, but I must admit in one way I get a kick out of the hate I get from liberals by wearing my MAGA hat — it shows either they misunderstand or they're just closed-minded, hateful and intolerant," he writes.


Box Text: Out of money and out of luck you find yourself heart broken and on the verge of collapse. Your landlord's taken the key back, you can't finish your manuscript, and your beloved is marrying someone else. With no choice but to handle whatever life throws at you, you set out on the open road on a mission to win back the love of your life. The story from there is up to you. Can your life be salvaged, or are we always sometimes monsters?
11-15-2014 foxhack Box Text Out of money and out of luck you find yourself heart broken and on the verge of collapse. Your landlord's taken the key back, you can't finish your manuscript, and your beloved is marrying someone else. With no choice but to handle whatever life throws at you, you set out on the open road on a mission to win back the love of your life. The story from there is up to you. Can your life be salvaged, or are we always sometimes monsters?
This is a list of VGCollect users who have Always Sometimes Monsters in their Collection.
This is a list of VGCollect users who have Always Sometimes Monsters in their Sell List.
This is a list of VGCollect users who have Always Sometimes Monsters in their Wish List.


text:
La Catedral de San Vito o simplemente Catedral de Rijeka (en croata: Katedrala Sv. Vida) es una catedral católica en Rijeka, Croacia. Es la catedral de la arquidiócesis de Rijeka.

En la Edad Media, la Iglesia de San Vito era una iglesia pequeña y unilateral, de estilo románico dedicada al santo patrón y protector de Rijeka. Tenía un ábside semicircular detrás del altar, y un porche cubierto. Con la llegada de los jesuitas a Rijeka, la catedral como lo vemos hoy fue fundada en 1638. En primer lugar, se convirtió en la iglesia de los jesuitas. Cuando la ciudad de Rijeka se convirtió en el centro de la diócesis, y luego en 1969 en el centro del arzobispado y Metrópoli, la Iglesia de San Vito de los jesuitas se convirtió en la catedral de Rijeka. Tiene forma de una rotonda, que es inusual en esta parte de Europa, con elementos del barroco y el gótico, incluyendo estatuas barrocas en el interior.

La catedral se representa en el reverso del billete del Kuna croata de 100, publicados en 1993 y 2002.

Véase también
Iglesia católica
Catedral de San Vito

Referencias

San Vito
Rijeka
Arquitectura de Croacia del siglo XVII
Rijeka

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This was a very special event for baroque music lovers. The Eisenach Ensemble is a group that explores the rich repertoire of French and English Baroque. They performed a selection of songs and instrumental compositions by Purcell, Charpentier, Couperin, d'Anglebert and Marais. Henry Purcell has come to be known as the "English Bach" and led the revival of musical performances in London around the time of the restoration. The style of his music is very closely related to the French style of the Court of Louis XIV. This programme has previously been performed twice at St John's Smith Square and various other venues to great acclaim.
The seven-strong Eisenach Ensemble performed on instruments of the period, including a six-foot-long theorbo (best described as an overgrown lute), recorders, viol, harpsichord and portative organ. The mellow sounds of the instruments complemented the purity of tone of the two sopranos, Cate McKee and Angela Hicks. Their voices blended perfectly and their skilful ornamentations sounded fluid and effortless.
The aim of the programme was to demonstrate the influence of French music on the English composer Purcell and the first half comprised vocal and instrumental pieces by Charpentier, d'Anglebert, Marais and Couperin. Part two was devoted entirely to Purcell, a cornucopia of songs and instrumental interludes amply demonstrating the influence of the English composer's continental contemporaries on his music. The gentle, pensive Purcell was represented in the songs 'Charon the peaceful shade invites' and the lovely 'Evening Hymn', and his more exuberant side by 'Sing, sing ye Druids' and 'Strike the Viol', but the highlight of the evening was undoubtedly the well-known duet 'Sound the Trumpet', exquisitely performed by the two sopranos with string accompaniment.


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SI in the News
Socialist Affairs
Socialist Affairs, Issue 3, Volume 47, 1998
Social justice through economic and social rights
The SI Committee on Human Rights, SICOHR, has decided to focus on economic and social rights. Thomas Hammarberg, a Swedish member of the Committee and former Secretary General of Amnesty International, explains why
Issue 3, Volume 47, 1998
Social justice is a key principle for democratic socialist parties. Promoting international commitments on economic and social rights is therefore natural for the Socialist International. A rights-based approach to development and poverty eradication is not about need but about denial of a person's basic rights.
Economic and social rights are defined - together with civil and political rights - in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. `Freedom from want' inspired the drafting of the Declaration as much as the quest for freedom from fear and for freedom to speech and religion. The economic and social rights are listed, in more detail, in the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. They include the right to social security, the right to adequate living standards, the right to be protected from hunger, the right to adequate housing, the right to health, protection for the family, the right to freely enter into marriage, the right to work and the right to rest and leisure.
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has now been ratified by 137 states. With this Convention as a basis, there are articles on economic, social and cultural rights incorporated into subsequent conventions on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination of Women and on the Rights of the Child.
The conventions of the International Labour Organisation (see below), ILO, cover a number of rights in the field of employment and working conditions. The European Social Charter (see below) contains - as rights - provisions on labour market policy, working conditions, worker safety, the right of association and the right to negotiate, social insurance and other social security arrangements and also family policy. It also has provisions on the right to protection for migrating workers and their families.
All human rights are important. An emphasis on economic and social rights does not imply any downgrading of other rights. In fact, the various rights are interdependent and parts of the same whole, as the United Nations has stated in a number of resolutions. It has been emphasised that a human being is an entity, and a human life in dignity presupposes that all rights are respected. Indeed, these statements have come about as a reaction to the fact that the economic and social rights have been afforded, in practice, lower priority than other rights and sometimes even been described as ambitions rather than as real rights.
The division of the different rights that occurred when the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights was followed up with two covenants instead of one ~ namely the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This has probably contributed to the low priority, so far, of economic and social rights in the international human rights discussion.
Another reason might be that economic and social rights could be politically sensitive, particularly in periods of structural adjustment and economic reform. Issues such as employment and working conditions, health care, education and provisions for adequate living standards tend to be controversial in the national political discussion in many countries. However, this is no rational basis for treating economic, social and cultural rights as less important or as radically different from other rights. Especially not for democratic socialists.
Another argument against seeing economic and social rights as rights has been that the obligations are difficult to define and translate into law. This is only partly true. Equality between the sexes, equal pay for equal work, trade union rights to enable workers to assert their claims, the right to schooling together with the protection of children against exploitation are examples of manifest claims for rights that can be reflected in legal norms. In fact, it is important that they are. However, other rights cannot as easily be given legal form, at least not in a detailed form. This is no reason to downgrade their importance. Law is only one aspect of implementation, other means are available to encourage and monitor compliance.
One aspect which always can and should be monitored is whether the rights are enjoyed by everyone. Prohibition of discrimination is central to all human rights conventions. The principle of non-discrimination is repeated in individual articles. One example is standards relating to working conditions which provide for equal pay for work of equal value. The Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights rules that women, in particular, should be guaranteed conditions of work `not inferior to those enjoyed by men, with equal pay for equal work'.
The Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights emphasises efforts to move in the direction of full implementation of these standards. The key formulation included in Article 2 of the Covenant states the obligation of States parties:
`Each State party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps individually and through international assistance and cooperation ... to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realisation of the rights recognised in the present Covenant by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures...'
This means that all available resources, irrespective of whether they are internal or derived from assistance, must be utilised to the maximum in order that the rights should gradually be realised. States must thus strive to attain the goal as soon as and as efficiently as possible; it cannot postpone the realisation of the norms in the Covenant indefinitely. Also, it should be able to demonstrate that it is taking steps towards full implementation. For this, the definition of socio-economic indicators is particularly important; such benchmarks are available today not least in the field of health and education.
The UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (see below) - which monitors the realisation of the Covenant - has developed a two-pronged approach. All states, irrespective of their economic circumstances, must guarantee a minimum acceptable standard (minimum core entitlement) which corresponds with a particular obligation for the state (minimum obligation). At the same time the rights shall be realised by utilising to the maximum the available resources of the country, which means that the level of, for example, education and health care should be higher in richer countries.
Not only are social and socio-economic issues important in national debates. They are also of decisive importance to the international community, as was demonstrated at the UN summit meeting on social development in Copenhagen in 1995. The principles and obligations that state and government leaders agreed upon mean, in practice, a renewed rallying behind several economic and social rights.
The summit meeting, the main theme of which was the battle against poverty, unemployment and social exclusion, resulted in the Copenhagen Declaration and a number of obligations that closely correspond with the right to adequate living standards, the right to work and the right to social security. Furthermore, the Declaration states generally that human rights are an important foundation for social advance.
Other major World Conferences during the 1990s have discussed economic and social rights: the Vienna conference on human rights, the Istanbul summit on habitat, the Cairo conference on population issues and the Beijing conference on women and gender equality. This has contributed to the fact that several major international organisations already focus on economic and social issues in their programmes. These include specialist bodies, the funds and the special programmes together with some of the departments within the Secretariat. There is a trend towards applying a rights perspective.
The operations within the UN Food and Agricultural Organisation, FAO, are linked to the right to food; the World Health Organisation, WHO, emphasises the right to health more than previously; the ILO develops the right to employment and acceptable working conditions; and the UN Education Social and Cultural Organisation, UNESCO, works within the field of the right to education and culture.
The UN Children's Fund, UNICEF, last year adopted a mission statement that laid down the rights of the child as the aim of the organisation and nowadays uses the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its reporting processes as a basis for its programme dialogue with governments. The UN Development Fund for Women, UNIFEM, uses the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Discrimination against Women in a similar manner.
In fact, the significance of the social and economic rights has been manifest as regards children. As mentioned above, the rights of the child to education has influenced UNESCO's programmes heavily and also impacted on the 1970 World Conference on Education for Everyone. The right to health is another important dimension in the Convention on the Rights of the Child which had an impact within both UNICEF's and WHO's programmes. The rights perspective has thus provided particular weight to demands for reforms.
A further example is the right of children not to be exploited in dangerous work. The Convention on the Rights of the Child lays down that the child must be protected against work that interrupts schooling or injures the development and health of the child. In particular, the ILO pursues these demands through concrete work on the creation of norms and development assistance programmes. It has also been of use that these also relate to rights. In the same manner the UN work for gender equality received a boost by emphasising the rights of individual women. This became clear at the world conference in Beijing 1995.
In his plan for the renewal and the organisation and programmes of the UN, the Secretary-General decided that human rights should permeate the activities of the whole UN system. This is obviously of significance also for the UN Development Programme, UNDP, particularly in its role as a coordinating factor within the system, not least at country level. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and bilateral donors have emphasised the relationship between economic growth, democracy, a functioning legal system, effective administration and respect for human rights. Loans or contributions are sometimes given subject to conditions for the implementation of improvements as regards human rights. This integrated approach has resulted in countries asking the UN for technical assistance aimed at reinforcing protection for human rights. This is an interesting development.
The conclusion of these developments is that the world conferences and the Secretary-General's reform plan have encouraged the integration of economic and social rights into the core of the UN and its programmes. This in turn gives them a higher priority.
Democratic socialist parties do campaign on social justice in country after country. They all struggle, for instance, against unemployment and for a decent standard of living. They do that with a credibility - earned through years of hard and competent work - which no other political movement can match.
A determined rights approach to the economic and social issues is consistent with these campaigns for social justice. Also, it might be effective to connect, in the domestic discussion, to the international human rights standards.
Box 1 UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural rights
The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights monitors the implementation in States of the UN Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The review of the national State party reports is the primary task of the Committee.
The Committee has a difficult task in finding suitable methods and criteria when reviewing the compliance of various States with the Covenant. It is important that the Committee strives both to determine the extent to which the Covenant has been implemented and, when appropriate, to point out violations. Yet in a constructive spirit it endeavours to establish a dialogue with the governing party about possible means of realising the articles of the Covenant. This might be meaningful also in a development cooperation perspective.
It is possible for the Committee to take the matter further with UN bodies that have development cooperation programmes. One such link between normative review and operative support operations can result from the Secretary-General's reform programme for improved integration and collaboration of programmes within the UN system. However, it would be misdirected to make development cooperation a standard response to inadequate compliance, even for the poor countries. Assistance does not work if there is no political will for change.
The Committee needs support in its efforts to develop a dialogue with states concerning the implementation of the Covenant. The Committee should be allocated resources to implement its review task, and ensuing proposals concerning special studies should be considered in a positive spirit.
Continued discussion is necessary about methods to monitor compliance with economic, social and cultural rights, inter alia, by the definition of social indicators. The work of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in that connection deserves support.
Box 2The rights work of the International Labour Organisation
Based in Geneva, the ILO plays a central role in the work for economic and social rights. For almost 80 years, tripartite cooperation between governments, employers and labour organisations has been conducted within the framework of the ILO, which has resulted in approximately 180 conventions and even more recommendations concerning labour and social issues. As one of the UN's specialist bodies, the ILO actively participated in the preparation of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and has in recent years closely monitored the activities of the Covenant Committee.
The ILO's operations are based on conventions with an advanced monitoring system - based apolitically on expertise - in the form of reporting and complaints procedures and the organisation has a central function to take part in debates on human rights in a global economy. As regards norms, the ILO conventions with their detailed form provide guidance on interpreting the more generally framed articles of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
A campaign is organised for the ratification of the organisation's seven key ILO conventions relating to human rights; Conventions 87 and 98 on Freedom of Association and Negotiating Rights: Conventions 29 and 105 on the Abolition of Forced Labour; Conventions 100 and 111 on Non-discrimination in Working Life and also Convention 138 on Minimum Working Ages. This campaign deserves support, as does the proposal for a declaration to promote these minimum core standards; they are so fundamental that they should be regarded as binding on all ILO member countries.
The ILO project to prepare special rules to inhibit the worst forms of child labour is urgent. It should cover situations hazardous to the health and development of children as well as work which prevents them from any schooling.
The ILO norms are important for operations conducted by other relevant international organisations, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the regional development banks. For instance, the decision within the World Trade Organisation, WTO, on dialogue with the ILO on labour law issues should be pursued.
Box 3 The European Social Charter
Alongside the European Convention on Human Rights there has existed since 1961 a European Social Charter prepared by the Council of Europe. This states in the form of rights, rules concerning labour market policy, working conditions, employee protection, rights of association and negotiation, social insurance, family policy etc. Following a review of the Charter, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe decided in 1996 to adopt a revised social charter, which has not yet come into force. The revised European Social Charter contains further rights regarding, inter alia, equality for workers with family responsibilities, protection against sexual and other harassment in the workplace and also the right of elderly people to social security, to housing and to protection against poverty and social exclusion.
The Social Charter has two additional protocols, one of which concerns collective complaints procedures and was adopted in 1995.
There is significant similarity between the UN Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the first part of the European Social Charter as regards the catalogue of rights. These are followed, in the second part of the Charter, by regulations about what parties should be considered bound to do in order to realise the rights articles formulated more as principles.
The mechanism that is now used to monitor compliance with the Charter is the reviewing of Convention states' reports on the application of the Charter. In addition to this there will be collective complaints procedures when they have come into force, which is expected to happen during 1998.
The additional protocol on collective complaints procedures provides an opportunity for international and national labour and employer organisations as well as international non-governmental organisations with consultative status in the Council of Europe to submit complaints about alleged unsatisfactory application of the Charter. The State parties can also grant other national non-governmental organisations the right to complain.
Complaints can relate to laws and practices that are considered to contravene the rules of the Charter. The right to complain, however, does not cover individual cases.
The work within the Council of Europe on the revised Social Charter and the additional protocol on collective complaints has been important. The development of this European mechanism for social rights should also be of importance for future discussions on social issues within the EU. Indeed, there was a reference to the European Social Charter in the EU Treaty adopted in 1997 in Amsterdam.
© 1998 Socialist Affairs. All rights reserved.
Signed articles represent the views of the authors only, not necessarily those of Socialist Affairs or the Socialist International
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Socialist Affairs, No.2/78, March/April 1978
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Socialist Affairs, Volume 1-2, 1989
Socialist Affairs, Issue 1, 1990
Europe's greatest priority - creating jobs
Government by partnership
A word about my country
Carrying forward the achievements of the left
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Debenay, Jean-Pierre, 2012: A guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from the Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia. in 380 pp. Plate 22, Fig.
Hesemann, M., 2019: Acervulina mahabeti d'Orbigny, 1826. In: Hesemann, M. 2019 Foraminifera.eu Project Database.


text:
Union Pacific Recreates Historic Steam Meet, Commemorating 150th Anniversary of the Transcontinental Railroad's Completion
Life News Rail Travel
by Michael Beener Thursday, May 9, 2019 Wednesday, May 15, 2019 0201
Union Pacific hosted a celebration marking the 150th anniversary of the transcontinental railroad's completion. The ceremony was held today at Ogden Union Station, a day ahead of Utah's celebration at Promontory Summit where the Golden Spike was originally tapped into place. Union Pacific no longer has tracks near Promontory Summit. They were removed to support the scrap metal projects during World War II.
"This celebration is Union Pacific's way of reflecting on our ancestors' remarkable achievements that connected the nation while reminding us of the enormous responsibility we have for our nation's future," said Scott Moore, senior vice president – Corporate Relations and chief administrative officer. "We are proud our employees live and work in thousands of the communities we serve, delivering steel to construct schools and stores, lumber to build homes, the food we eat, clothes we wear and electronics we rely on."
The May 9 ceremony featured Union Pacific's iconic steam locomotives, Living Legend No. 844 and Big Boy No. 4014. The two met, recreating the historic image taken at Promontory Summit on May 10, 1869. The Big Boy is one of eight left in the world. It's newly refurbished and the only one in operation. Following the steam meet, Union Pacific Chairman, President and CEO Lance Fritz and Utah Gov. Gary Herbert were joined by Margaret Yee and Sandy Dodge to tap a ceremonial spike. Yee's ancestors were among thousands of Chinese immigrants who forged the transcontinental railroad for Central Pacific. Dodge is a descendent of Gen. Grenville Dodge, Civil War veteran and Union Pacific's chief engineer during construction.
The steam locomotives will remain on display at Ogden Union Station until May 12, when they return home to the Steam Shop in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The 150th anniversary celebration will continue throughout the year, with No. 4014 visiting many states across the Union Pacific system. A tentative schedule with tour locations and dates will be published in the near future at www.upsteam.com.
Want to be the first to know about all things steam? Become an insider by joining the Union Pacific Steam Club. Steam Club members get the latest news and scheduling information about Union Pacific's legendary steam train program. Sign up with your email address: www.up.com/SteamClub.
Tapping a ceremonial Golden Spike from left are Sandy Dodge, descendent of Gen. Grenville Dodge; Utah Gov. Gary Herbert, Union Pacific Chairman, President and CEO Lance Fritz, Utah Congressman Rob Bishop, Margarat Yee, a descendent of a Central Pacific employee, and Scott Moore, Union Pacific senior vice president-Corporate Relations and chief administrative officer.
celebrationRailroadSpike150TranscontinentalUnion PacificShare0
Out with the Gold, in with the Blue – United Airlines Unveils its Next Fleet Paint Design
Delta Tests Free Wi-Fi on Selected Flights
Virgin Trains Removes Friday Afternoon Peak Fare Restrictions
Michael Beener Friday, November 2, 2018 Saturday, November 3, 2018
Arriving on Track 1, St. Paul's Train Days, April 30 and May 1
Michael Beener Saturday, April 30, 2016 Saturday, April 30, 2016


First things first, I better get it over and done with… stay with me, as there are some other comments to follow!
Ronaldo is a long way out, and you would almost be encouraging him to hit it from here (after last night he has had 27 attempts off target in the CL this year – 22 on target).
He does and he strikes it well enough.
It's not far off the middle of the goal, but Gomes doesn't move his feet to get behind it.
As a result, instead of catching it, it just deflects off one of his hands, and loops up.
…as it means that he can't quite get back to scoop it out. A horrible blunder from Gomes.
Redknapp did not go with the three at the back that many suggested before the game, and stuck pretty rigidly to a 4-2-3-1, which almost became a 4-2-4-0.
As pointed out by Zonal Marking, van der Vaart struggled to find space in the classic number 10 position, often dropping deep to receive the ball. However, he was not the only one. Isolated for long periods, Pavlyuchenko also frequently came deep. The image below from the Telegraph Football website illustrates our players' "average positions" during the match (van der Vaart's blob is behind Pavlyuchenko's!).
If were to get anything from this game, it was vital that we played on the shoulder, and really got at the back four. Whilst we played this way for periods of the first half, and Lennon and Bale both caused problems when running in behind, we did not do this enough and, thus, did not get enough shots away – 10 in total (7 off target) was nowhere near enough for a team that needed a minimum of 4 goals.
Bale has lost control of the ball and is already going down, hanging a leg to ensure contact. Not a penalty.
Modric runs on to the ball and, whilst his touch isn't great, he is in a position to be able to strike the ball, when Alonso takes his foot from the side. This should be a penalty.
Pavlyuchenko clips the ball around Albiol, and has his back leg taken – he goes to ground with a real dramatic fall, which probably doesn't help, but this should also be a penalty.
Having said that we did not get enough shots on targets, just one of these decisions going our way could have changed the picture of this match. and we may have got a creditable home win. We played well in the first half, pressing Madrid and not showing fear, but too many heads dropped in the second half, particularly after the Madrid goal.
The Champions League campaign has brought so much excitement to the season, and we would all dearly love us to qualify again – it is vital that we try to win all of our remaining home games, starting with Arsenal on Wednesday. Come on you Spurs!
Gomes is class. You see dropped catches in cricket all the time when the fielder is not set: Gomes was moving, mentally and less so physically, instead of having a zen-like focus on the matter in hand.
I would think about Thudd coming on later if the game was in the bag. If we beat them then I think confidence will be high for the remainder of the home games.
Sweetsman - I think a few people are talking about potentially dropping VDV. I think it needs to be between him and Lennon on the right, with Pavlyuchenko and Crouch starting together (we've won all three games when Pav/VDV/Crouch have started together).
Will be a fascinating game, and I think it will be decided by which wide players are best.
Sandro is essential to cut down space for Fabregas and intercept any runs across the back four.


text:
Conference Realignment Rumblings - The Topic That Never Goes Away
July 6, 2022 in The Indiana High School Football Forum
Indiana Fan
1 hour ago, foxbat said:
I think you'd be more likely to see Westfield and Zionsville push to boot some of the other schools out of the HCC and look at re-votes to admit Carmel and/or Center Grove rather than jump ship to form a new conference.
Westfield was one of the main ones pushing to make sure Carmel and CG did not join the HCC.
Created Jul 6
Last Reply Jul 30
temptation 16 posts
Indiana Fan 9 posts
Grover 7 posts
Footballking16 7 posts
DK_Barons
What comparison was made? If you say X had an effect on something happening and someone offers Y also had effect of that same thing, nothing about those statements imply X and Y are related at all nor
You're the one that made the claim. Back it up.
Bobref
Don't you have to get the hot girl, before you can dump her?
21 minutes ago, Indiana Fan said:
This is what I heard also. I also think that Hamilton Southeastern and Fishers would be strongly against Carmel specifically.
It sucks that Carmel loads their trophy case with sectional championship trophies while those two schools, who are usually ranked highly in their respective sports, are watching by the regional round due to geography.
At least if you keep Carmel out of your conference you have an extra chance for some hardware.
Just an opinion, no inside info.
Edited July 12, 2022 by temptation
6 minutes ago, temptation said:
I think Coach Gilbert feels in his head and in his heart that his program is ready to overtake Center Grove and become the premiere 6A program in the state. Check out his comments over on the facebook side of The GID. He is laser focused, and certainly so is his staff and his team.
https://www.facebook.com/page/278873605556824/search/?q=westfield
11 minutes ago, DT said:
1 hour ago, DT said:
Definitely the next up and coming program. And would not be shocked to see them right there in the top 3 very soon. But, it is very known that Westfield did not want Cg or Carmel in that conference and fought hard to make sure it didn't happen. Why doesn't Westfield schedule Carmel in the regular season?
I think Westfield has different reasons for not wanting CA and CG in The HCC
For CA, its practical. CA is just too big for any conference in Indiana. They would disrupt the competitive balance in the league in many sports. Westfield is also Carmel's little brother. When you grow up in the shadow of your big brother, eventually you want to break away.
With CG, its personal. Two straight losses in the state finals, the black face incident, and the fact that WF does not get the press coverage and notoriety that is showered on CG .
Personally, I think CG is a perfect match for The HCC. But I can also understand Gilberts POV. He doesn't want to see CG join the conference and immediately sit at the head of the table, when WF has had to scratch and claw its way to the top.
Footballking16
12 hours ago, foxbat said:
Could be the case.
Unless there's a plan to build a second high school to accommodate the fast growing Whitestown, it's not out of the question to think Zionsville could be pushing 3k students sometime in the next decade. If you subscribe to the theory that low F/R/L makes a spectacular football program, Zionsville should be a major player in 6A for years to come.
Same rule applies to Westfield. Without a second high school in the works, they will be approaching mega-enrollment sooner than later. Both Westfield and Zionsville's enrollments have doubled in the last 10-15 years.
9 hours ago, DT said:
The quickest way to break out of your big brother's shadow is to kick his *ss ... preferably in front of his friends.
Carmel and their 5000+ students aren't going away. Not sure ducking Carmel to pile up HCC regular season championships is going to mean much in the grand scheme of things. Beating them regularly however is a completely different animal.
Easier said than done when your big brother has over twice your enrollment.
1 minute ago, Footballking16 said:
Westfield and Carmel will meet many times in the post season. Really no need for a regular season game, that is "meaningless," according to Bobref. Why waste all that energy and hype?
One school in each IHSAA sanctioned sport finishes the season hoisting the state championship trophy and while it's a legitimate goal for many programs, it's still a lofty one.
Hard to sell success to your youngsters, community and families when your trophy case doesn't have many IHSAA tournament trophies…at least accumulating some conference trophies softens the blow and gives you some recognition.
Outside of the Indy Metro madness, high school football is really a local game. The vast majority of schools in this state will never get past the sectional round. So winning at the local level, whether it be a conference championship, a county championship, or just winning a rivalry game, are the primary goals for many programs around the state.
We have a handful of contenders in each class. After that, everybody is playing to be the best in their own backyard.
Zionsville and Westfield are both in Metro Indy so that logic doesn't apply here. In the case of Westfield, they are going to have to beat Carmel at some point to win a 6A title as it appears Carmel is back North for the time being and likely awhile. If they ever want the little brother moniker removed, they need to start scheduling and beating Carmel regularly. That's not going to happen by ducking them.
5 minutes ago, Footballking16 said:
Brownsburg disagrees. I think they surprised the hell out of Carmel last year…would have never happened the way it did had they played in the regular season.
You can get where you want to go without playing someone in the regular season.
18 minutes ago, temptation said:
Of course it is. That's the whole issue with big brothers.
Yet Brownsburg, 2995, did it last season and in grand style, 31-7. And Center Grove, 2754, did it in 2019.
I like the idea of the backyard, the external, being secondary to my own house, the internal. The goals I always set for my kids, albeit it was youth ball, always focused on our program regardless of who was on the schedule, as primary goals. Secondary goals existed with external ties. The same was true of individual goals ... I always wanted my kids to be able to see goals met during the week ... during practice ... rather than that 32 minutes of game time on Sundays. That provided lots of opportunity for the kids to strive, meet their goals, and grow.
No one considers Brownsburg "Carmel's little brother".
Westfield and Carmel are natural rivals given the proximity and likeness of both communities . Given Westfield's extreme growth the last decade and the desire to be a major player in 6A, there's no reason why Carmel and Westfield shouldn't be playing every year, regardless if it's due to conference affiliation or not.
Yes but to be taken seriously, it has to be done consistently. Brownsburg proved it was still little brother by stubbing it's toe a week later.
Little brothers do not shed the label until they learn how to handle success consistently/long term.
Brownsburg is a little brother in 6A overall, not necessarily specific to Carmel…hell the entire HCC is as of now.
I caught hell when claiming the HCC had closed the gap and would eventually take over even after citing regular season wins against the MIC.
Its like you said in the off topic forum, Michigan beat OSU last fall but no one truly (including you) believes the rivalry has changed, nor should they.
Muda69
12 minutes ago, Footballking16 said:
I remember my college days, driving to/from Terre Haute on the weekends, when I would pass little 'ole Westfield High school on US. 31, with the "Worlds Largest Dairy Queen" caddy cornered from the football field at the intersection of US 31 and SR32: https://vintageaerial.com/photos/indiana/hamilton/1971/MHA/66/26#:~:text=Comments&text=--This Dairy Queen in,room for the parking lot.
1 minute ago, temptation said:
I caught hell when claiming the HCC had closed the gap and would eventually take over even after citing regular season wins.
But I don't believe Brownsburg is adverse to adding Carmel and Center Grove to the HCC. Westfield on the other hand, from what I've gathered in this thread, is vehemently opposed to the idea.
Brownsburg at least schedules Ben Davis in the regular season as it makes sense given their west side locations.
There's no reason why Carmel and Westfield shouldn't play every year in the regular season given Westfield's dynamic growth not only as a school and community, but as a football program.
Which begs the question: SHOULD Brownsburg be adverse to adding Carmel?
I mean, the Bulldogs beat BD in the regular season and got beaten by them in November…
They didn't play Carmel in the regular season and blew their doors off in November.
Could be a coincidence, sure…
From my understanding, Brownsburg was/is all in on Carmel and CG but they too could benefit from loading their conference trophy case first.
3 hours ago, Footballking16 said:
Not all of the families moving to Whitestown are in the Zionsville district. The large Walker Farms subdivision is in the Lebanon district, as well as anything around the 'old' Whitestown. Worth Township is Lebanon, so maybe we'll start to see some growth in their district.
I know this is a high school football forum, but could some of the reluctance for Carmel (and possibly CG) to join are due to the other sports??
For example, Carmel girls swimming, etc.
Edited July 12, 2022 by Bash Riprock
Ben Davis and brownsburg will stop playing in regular season within the next year or so. Not sure who was the one who wanted this to stop.
Really Carmel wins in every sport. Usually the top of the state. CG only has football and track. I don't see them dominating in other sports all that much. Why is there such a reluctance to let them in a conference?


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text:
title: listener
tags: [web]
---

在WEB端实现监听实质:实现一系列的监听接口(实现相应的接口,覆写各接口中相应的方法,在相应的事件触发的时候会执行自己的监听器中的覆写的方法,在各个方法中完成自己想要的操作,从而实现了监听).

### 1. Listener是Servlet的监听器
它可以监听客户端的请求、服务器的操作等。通过监听器,可以自动激发一些操作,比如监听在线的用户的数量。当增加一个HttpSession时,就激发sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)方法,这样就可以给在线人数加1.

### 2. 常用的监听接口有以下几个
1)ServletContextAttributeListener监听对ServletContext属性的操作,比如增加、删除、修改属性。

2)ServletContextListener监听ServletContext。当创建ServletContext时,激发
contextInitialized(ServiceContextEvent sce)方法,当销毁ServletContext时,激发
contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce)方法。

3)HttpSessionListener监听HttpSession的操作。当创建一个Session时,激发
sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se)方法;当销毁一个Session时,激发
sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEnvent se)方法。

4)同样也有对应的Session属性的监听器,HttpSessionAttributeListener监听HttpSession中的属性操作。

### 3. Listener位置
listener是被服务器端,被容器所使用的,由服务来调用

配置Listener,在web.xml文件中配置信息

```
<listerner>
<listener-class>com.test.listerner.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
</listener>
```

服务器启动时就会调用相应的Listener进行监听。

### 4. 实例

```
public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener,ServletContextListener,ServletContextAttributeListener{
    private int count;
    //使用session来记录在线用户数量,因为Application只初始化一次,不能统计变化量
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0)
    {
        count++;
        setContext(arg0);//向ServletContext中设置全局变量的信息。
        System.out.println(count);
    }
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0)
    {
        count--;
        setContext(arg0);
    }
    public void setContext(HttpSessionEvent se)
    {
        se.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("online",new Integer(count));
    }

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0)
    {
        log("contextInitalized()");
    }
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0)
    {
        log("contextDestroyed()");
    }
    private void log(String message)
    {
        System.out.println("ContextListener:"+message);
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
    }
}
```

注:启动服务会输出contextInitalized(),任意访问一个页面会触发sessionCreated方法执行。

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The History of the Austrian Museum of Applied Arts / Contemporary Art
1863 / On 7 March, following lengthy efforts by Rudolf von Eitelberger and persuasion from his uncle Archduke Rainer, Emperor Franz Joseph finally sanctions the establishment of a museum after the model of the South Kensington Museum (today's Victoria and Albert Museum), which was founded in 1852. The museum is to be known as the Imperial Royal Museum of Art and Industry, and Rudolf von Eitelberger, the first professor of history at the University of Vienna, is appointed it first director. This institution is to serve as an exemplary collection for artists, industrialists, and the public, and as a center of training and continuing education for designers as well as craftsmen.
1864 / On 12 May, the museum is opened in a provisional location, adjacent to the Vienna Hofburg in a section of the Ballhaus building adapted by architect Heinrich von Ferstel to serve as a museum. The initial objects on exhibit are loan items and gifts from the Imperial collections, monasteries, private collection,s and the Imperial Royal Polytechnic Institute in Vienna. Reproductions, galvano copies, and plaster casts stand next to originals as equals.
1865–1897 / The Museum of Art and Industry publishes the magazine Mittheilungen des k. k. Österreichischen Museums für Kunst und Industrie [Transactions of the Imperial Royal Austrian Museum of Art and Industry].
1866 / Due to the lack of space in the Ballhaus, efforts to provide the museum with its own building are intensified. An initial project by Rudolf von Eitelberger and Heinrich von Ferstel proposes the museum's integration into the project of the court museums on the planned Imperial Forum (Kaiserforum) in front of the Hofburg. Only after this project was canceled were the grounds of the defense barracks' former drill field just outside the Stubentor—next to the newly created Stadtpark and on the Ringstraße, which was still under construction here—assigned to the museum.
1867 / With the establishment of the Wiener Kunstgewerbeschule [Vienna School of Arts and Crafts], theoretical and practical training are united. The school is at first housed in the old gun factory at Währinger Straße 11–13 and at Schwarzspanierstraße 17, in Vienna's 9th district.
1868 / Construction on the Stubenring building begins immediately upon approval of Heinrich von Ferstel's second design by Emperor Franz Joseph I.
1871 / Following three years of construction, the new building on Stubenring opens on 15 November. Built in the style of the Renaissance according to plans by Heinrich von Ferstel, it is the first museum building on the Ring. The museum's objects can now be permanently displayed and grouped according to materials. // The School of Arts and Crafts also moves into the building on Stubenring. // The Österreichische Kunstgewerbeausstellung [Austrian Exhibition of Arts and Crafts] opens.
1873 / Vienna World Fair // The Museum of Art and Industry and the School of Arts and Crafts exhibit together on Stubenring. // As part of the World Exposition, Rudolf von Eitelberger organizes the world's first art studies conference in Vienna, thus emphasizing the museum's orientation toward education and research. // During the World Exposition, important purchases are made for the museum with funds from the responsible ministry, including 60 pages of the Indo-Persian Mughal manuscript Hamzanama.
1877 / A decree introduces a tax on newly granted court titles. The funds thus raised are used to support the domestic arts industry. // Opening of the new School of Arts and Crafts building (also designed by Ferstel) adjacent to the museum at Stubenring 3.
1878 / Participation by both the Museum of Art and Industry and the School of Arts and Crafts in the Paris World Fair of 1878
1884 / Establishment of the Wiener Kunstgewerbeverein [Viennese Arts and Crafts Association], which is headquartered at the museum. Numerous well-known companies and workshops (above all J. & L. Lobmeyr), personalities and professors at the School of Arts and Crafts join this organization. Its objective is to further expand all the powers of creativity and execution developed by the city's arts and crafts industry since the 1860s. To this end, several temporary and publically accessible exhibitions are organized at the Imperial Royal Museum of Art and Industry. Objects on exhibit are available for purchase. With these novel and lavish exhibitions, the association manages to generate the domestic and international resonance necessary for the realization of its aims.
1885 / Following Rudolf von Eitelberger's death, Jacob von Falke—his longtime deputy—is appointed director. Falke plans to present all of the collection's individual areas in a new and systematic way via both exhibitions and publications. With his popular publications, he has a significant influence on the decorative style of historicism in Vienna.
1888 / The Kaiserin-Maria-Theresia-Ausstellung [Empress Maria Theresia Exhibition] enlivens contemporaries' interest in the high baroque period of art history in general and applied arts in particular.
1895 / The directorship of Jacob von Falke ends. Bruno Bucher, the museum's longtime curator of metal, ceramics and glass and deputy director since 1885, is appointed director.
1896 / The Wiener Congress-Ausstellung [Vienna Congress Exhibition] initiates engagement with the Empire and Biedermeier styles, both of them sources of inspiration for Viennese modernism.
1897 / The directorship of Bruno Bucher ends. Arthur von Scala, since 1875 director of the k. k. Orientalisches Museum (known from 1887 as the Handelsmuseum or Trade Museum), takes over as director of the Museum of Art and Industry. // Scala succeeds in bringing Otto Wagner, Felician von Myrbach, Koloman Moser, Josef Hoffmann and Alfred Roller on board to work at the museum and at the School of Arts and Crafts. // The style of the Secession becomes dominant at the School of Arts and Crafts. Scala propagates the model of the Arts and Crafts Movement and makes corresponding acquisitions for the museum's collection.
1898 / Due to conflicts between Scala and the Arts and Crafts Association, which sees its influence on the museum beginning to wane, Archduke Rainer resigns as the museum's protector. // New statutes are drawn up.
1898–1921 / The museum periodical Kunst und Kunsthandwerk succeeds the Mittheilungen and soon gains international repute.
1900 / The museum and the School of Arts and Crafts each receive their own separate administration.
1904 / The Ausstellung von Alt-Wiener Porzellan [Exhibition of Old Viennese Porcelain], to this day the most comprehensive presentation on this topic, unites important pieces owned by collectors from all regions of Austria-Hungary with the legacy of the k. k. Aerarial Porzellan-Manufaktur (later: Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur), which the museum had acquired for good in 1867.
1907 / The Museum of Art and Industry takes over a large part of the Austrian Imperial Royal Trade Museum's collection, including the objects which would form the Asia Collection (founded by Arthur von Scala) and the extensive East Asia collection of Heinrich von Siebold.
1908 / Integration of the Museum of Art and Industry with the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Public Works
1909 / Separation of the School of Arts and Crafts and the Museum; the latter is placed under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture and Education. // Following three years of construction work, the building designed by Ludwig Baumann as an enlargement of the museum (today's Weiskirchnerstraße 3, 1010 Vienna) is opened. The museum now has spaces for temporary and permanent exhibitions. // Arthur von Scala retires and is succeeded as director by Eduard Leisching. // The museum's statutes are updated.
1909 / Erzherzog Carl-Ausstellung. Zur Jahrhundertfeier der Schlacht bei Aspern [Archduke Carl Exhibition. On the Centennial of the Battle of Aspern-Essling] // The Biedermeier style becomes the theme of exhibitions and a topic in Kunst und Kunsthandwerk [Art and Craft].
1914 / Ausstellung von Arbeiten der österreichischen Kunstindustrie 1850–1914 [Exhibition of Works from the Austrian Arts Industry, 1850–1914], an exhibition emphasizing, among other things, the exemplary effect of the museum on arts and crafts in the fifty years since its establishment.
1919 / After the establishment of the First Republic, the holdings previously in the possession of the Habsburgs—e.g. oriental carpets—are handed over to the Museum, after which they are shown in an exhibition in 1920. Today, the museum is home to one of the world's finest collections of oriental carpets.
1920 / As part of the First Republic's reform of museums, the museum's areas of collection are defined and limited. The Museum of Art and Industry's collection of objects from antiquity are transferred to the Kunsthistorisches Museum [Museum of Art History].
1922 / The precious objects from the museum and from private collections shown in the Ausstellung von Gläsern des Klassizismus, der Empire- und Biedermeierzeit [Exhibition of Classicist, Empire, and Biedermeier-Period Glass] offer an overview of the glassmaking art in the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. // Biedermeier glass serves as a model for contemporary glass production and design, such as that of Josef Hoffmann.
1922 / Integration of the museum holdings of the Court Silver and Table Room into the museum. Until the two institutions are separated, the former imperial household goods and table decorations are co-administered by the Museum of Art and Industry; during this phase, Richard Ernst compiles the first-ever inventory of them.
1925 / Following the end of Eduard Leisching's directorship, Hermann Trenkwald is appointed director.
1926 / The exhibition Gotik in Österreich [The Gothic Period in Austria] provides the first-ever comprehensive look at Austrian panel painting and the arts and crafts of the 12th to 16th centuries.
1927 / August Schestag succeeds Hermann Trenkwald as director.
1930 / The Werkbundausstellung Wien [Vienna Werkbund Exhibition], an initial comprehensive presentation of the Austrian Werkbund, takes place in connection with an assembly of the German Werkbund in Austria; it is organized by Josef Hoffmann together with Oskar Strnad, Josef Frank, Ernst Lichtblau and Clemens Holzmeister.
1931 / August Schestag ends his directorship.
1932 / Richard Ernst is appointed director.
1936 and 1940 / The Museum on Stubenring gives a part of its sculpture collection to the Kunsthistorisches Museum [Museum of Art History]. In exchange it receives the arts and crafts section of the collections of Albert Figdor and of the Kunsthistorisches Museum.
1937 / The Museum of Art and Industry's collection is reordered by Richard Ernst according to period. // Oskar Kokoschka Ausstellung [Oskar Kokoschka Exhibition] for the artist's 50th birthday
1938 / Following Austria's annexation by Nazi Germany, the museum is renamed "Staatliches Kunstgewerbemuseum in Wien" [State Arts and Crafts Museum in Vienna].
1939–1945 / Austria's museums take over several confiscated private collections. The collection of the "State Arts and Crafts Museum" is among those thus augmented.
1945 / Partial destruction of the museum building due to the war; loss of collection objects, even at the sites of their safekeeping
1946 / The return of removed art objects begins. Over the following years, some of the objects confiscated during the Nazi period will be returned.
1947 / The "Staatliches Kunstgewerbemuseum in Wien" is renamed "Österreichisches Museum für angewandte Kunst" [Austrian Museum of Applied Arts].
1948 / The "Cathedral and Metropolitan Church of St. Stephen" uses the Museum of Applied Arts for its exhibition Der Stephansdom. Geschichte, Denkmäler, Wiederaufbau [St. Stephen's Cathedral: History, Monuments, Reconstruction].
1949 / The museum is reopened following the repair of war-related damage.
1950 / The exhibition Große Kunst aus Österreichs Klöstern (Mittelalter) [Great Art from Austria's Monasteries (Middle Ages)] is held as the final showing under museum director Richard Ernst.
1951 / Ignaz Schlosser is appointed director.
1952 / The exhibition Soziale Wohnkultur [Social Residential Culture], designed by Franz Schuster, once again makes the development of public housing in Vienna a theme of the Museum of Applied Arts.
1955 / The complete archive of the Wiener Werkstätte is acquired.
1955–1985 / The museum begins publishing the periodical alte und moderne kunst [Old and Modern Art].
1956 / The exhibition Neue Form aus Dänemark [New Shapes from Denmark] makes modern design from Scandinavia a topic and also a model for the museum.
1957 / In connection with the exhibition Venini Murano Glas, the first presentation of Venini glass in Austria, major purchases and gifts augment the Glass Collection.
1958 / The directorship of Ignaz Schlosser ends.
1959 / Viktor Griessmaier is appointed director.
1960 / The exhibition Künstlerisches Schaffen und Serienproduktion aus Gustavsberg, Schweden. [Artistic and Mass Production from Gustavsberg, Sweden] examines the model character of Swedish design for Austrian artisan craftsmanship and design.
1963 / For the first time in Europe, Iranian art is shown as part of a comprehensive exhibition (entitled Kunstschätze aus dem Iran [Treasures of Art from Iran]).
1964 / The exhibition Wien um 1900 [Vienna aorund 1900] (organized by the Cultural Office of the City of Vienna) in the Künstlerhaus displays Jugendstil arts and crafts (inter alia) for the first time since the Second World War. // Systematic study of the Wiener Werkstätte Archive commences. // On the occasion of the museum's hundredth anniversary, the exhibition 100 Jahre Museum für angewandte Kunst [100 Years of the Museum of Applied Arts] presents a look into the collection using examples from the historicist period.
1965 / The Geymüllerschlössel becomes a branch of the museum. Together with the building, Franz Sobek's important collection of old Viennese clocks from the period between 1760 and the second half of the 19th century likewise joins the MAK Collection, as does furniture made between 1800 and 1840.
1966 / The exhibition Selection 66 brings together selected works by modern Austrian designers.
1967 / The exhibition Die Wiener Werkstätte. Modernes Kunsthandwerk 1903 bis 1932 [The Wiener Werkstätte: Modern Arts and Crafts, 1903 to 1932] founds the still-booming renaissance of Austria's most significant 20th-century design project.
1968 / Viktor Griessmaier is succeeded as director by Wilhelm Mrazek.
1969 / The exhibition Sitzen 69 shows a selection of handcrafted carpenter's armchairs from the 1930s to the 1960s from Scandinavia, Germany, Italy and Austria.
1974 / For the first time outside China, "Archeological Discoveries from the People's Republic of China" (Archäologische Funde der Volksrepublik China) are shown in the so-called West as part of a touring exhibition.
1979 / Gerhart Egger is appointed director.
1980 / The exhibition Neues Wohnen. Wiener Innenraumgestaltung 1918–1938 [New Living: Viennese Interior Design, 1918–1938] presents the first comprehensive showing on interior decorating in interwar-period Vienna.
1981 / Hebert Fux succeeds Gerhart Egger as director.
1984 / Ludwig Neustifter is appointed interim director. // The exhibition Achille Castiglioni: Designer is the first showing of works by this Italian designer in Austria.
1986 / Peter Noever is appointed director and begins building the Collection of Contemporary Art.
1987 / Josef Hoffmann. Ornament zwischen Hoffnung und Verbrechen is the first comprehensive showing of this architect and designer's œuvre
1989–1993 / Complete renovation of the museum's old buildings and construction of both a two-story underground depot and a connecting wing. A generous storage facility and additional exhibition space are the result.
1989 / The exhibition Carlo Scarpa. Die andere Stadt [Carlo Scarpa: The Other City] is the first comprehensive exhibition on the oeuvre of this architect outside of Italy.
1990 / The exhibition Verborgene Impressionen. Japonismus in Wien 1870–1930 [Hidden Impressions: Japonisme in Vienna, 1870–1930] is the first exhibition on the topic of the Japanese influence on Viennese modernism.
1991 / The exhibition Donald Judd. Architektur is the first major presentation of works by this artist in Austria.
1992 / Magdalena Jetelová: Domestizierung einer Pyramide [The Domestication of a Pyramid] (Installation at the MAK Columned Main Hall)
1993 / The Permanent Collection is redesigned, with interventions by internationally acclaimed artists (Barbara Bloom, Eichinger oder Knechtl, Günther Förg, GANGART, Franz Graf, Jenny Holzer, Donald Judd, Peter Noever, Manfred Wakolbinger, and Heimo Zobernig) updating the viewing perspectives in keeping with the idea of "tradition and experiment." The various rooms on Stubenring also house the Study Collection and the gallery devoted to special exhibitions featuring the work of contemporary artists. The building on Weiskirchnerstraße is used for the museum's program of temporary exhibitions. // The reopening exhibition Vito Acconci: The City Inside Us shows a whole-room installation by the New York artist.
1994 / The Arenbergpark Flak Tower becomes a branch of the MAK. // Beginning of the cooperation between the MAK and the MUAR – Schusev State Museum of Architecture, Moscow. // Ilya Kabakov: Der Rote Waggon (Installation on the MAK Terrace Plateau)
1995 / The MAK founds the MAK Center for Art and Architecture in Los Angeles at the Rudolph M. Schindler House and the Mackey Apartments; in October, the MAK Artists and Architects-in-Residence Program commences its activities. // Exhibition: Sergej Bugaev Afrika: Krimania
1996 / For the exhibition Philip Johnson: Turning Point the American doyen of architecture creates the sculpture Wiener Trio, installed since 1998 on Franz-Josefs-Kai/Schottenring
1998 / The skyspace designed for the exhibition James Turrell: The other Horizon is set up in the garden of the MAK's Geymüllerschlössel branch. // Overcoming Utility: Dagobert Peche and the Wiener Werkstätte is the first comprehensive post-World War II solo exhibition dealing with the oeuvre of this Wiener Werkstätte designer.
1999 / The Art Restitution Act and provenience research lead to numerous objects confiscated during the Nazi period being returned to their rightful owners from this point onward. // Exhibition Jannis Kounellis: Il sarcofago degli sposi
2000 / Austria's federal museums are removed from state administration; the museum becomes a "public-law academic institution." // The exhibition Kunst und Industrie. Die Anfänge des Österreichischen Museums für angewandte Kunst in Wien deals with the early history of the museum and its collection.
2001 / For the exhibition Franz West: Merciless the sculptor and installation artist develops one of his most extensive works hitherto; during the course of the show the Four Lemurheads are installed on the Stubenbrücke next to the MAK. // Exhibition Dennis Hopper: A System of Moments
2001–2002 / The project CAT – Contemporary Art Tower is presented in Vienna after having been introduced in New York, Los Angeles, Moscow, and Berlin.
2002 / The exhibition KNOTS: symmetric_asymmetric. The MAK's Historical Oriental Carpets and Film Inserts of the Present presents the museum's extensive oriental carpet collection.
2003 / The exhibition Zaha Hadid: Architecture provides an overall view of the architect's entire œuvre as well as a presentation of current projects. // The Wiener Werkstätte's founding a century before is celebrated in the exhibition Yearning for Beauty. For the 100th Anniversary of the Wiener // Richard Artschwager: The Hydraulic Door Check Skulptur, Malerei, Zeichnung
2004 / In November, James Turrell's installation MAKlite is installed permanently on the façade of the MAK. // The exhibition Peter Eisenman. Barefoot on White-Hot Walls features a large-scale architectural installation on the oeuvre of this influential American architect and theoretician.
2005 / Exhibition Atelier Van Lieshout: Der Disziplinator // The exhibition Ukiyo-e Reloaded: The MAK Collection of Japanese Colored Woodblock Prints is the first large-scale presentation of the MAK's collection of Japanese colored woodblock prints.
2006 / The beginning of this year sees the MAK join with the Moravian Gallery in Brno to run the birth house of Josef Hoffmann in Brtnice, Czech Republic as a joint branch. // The exhibition Yearning for Beauty. The Wiener Werkstätte and the Stoclet House shows Wiener Werkstätte objects in Brussels. // Exhibition: Jenny Holzer: XX
2007/2008 / Exhibition: COOP HIMMELB(L)AU: Beyond the Blue
2008 / The Fitzpatrick-Leland House (1936) by architect Rudolph M. Schindler, a generous gift of Russ Leland to the MAK Center LA, becomes the center for the project MAK UFI – Urban Future Initiative, which is supported by a grant to the MAK Center Los Angeles by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State. // The exhibition Recollecting. Looted Art and Restitution sheds light on the state of efforts to restitute objects confiscated from Jewish owners and presently in Viennese museums.
2009 / The permanent exhibition Josef Hoffmann: Inspirations opens at the Josef Hoffmann Museum in Brtnice. // Exhibition: Anish Kapoor. Shooting into the Corner // The museum defines itself as a propagator of cultural interchange, and in the exhibition global:lab. Art as a Message. Asia and Europe 1500–1700 makes a theme of intercultural and intercontinental cultural exchange with a presentation of objects from the MAK and from international collections.
2011 / Following Peter Noever's resignation, Martina Kandeler-Fritsch becomes acting director. //
2011 / On 1 September, Christoph Thun-Hohenstein assumes directorship of the MAK and defines "Change through applied art" as the MAK's new guiding theme.
2012 / The commitment to positive change through applied art becomes evident in the exhibition MADE4YOU. Design for Change, which explores seminal design examples for mobility, public health, and education, the working world and recreational activity. // The new program series MAK DESIGN SALON opens the MAK Branch Geymüllerschlössel to contemporary design positions.
2012/2013 / The opening of the newly designed MAK Permanent Collection Vienna 1900. Design / Arts and Crafts 1890–1938 in a two-phase project is the kickoff for the successive renewal of the MAK Permanent Collection under Director Christoph Thun-Hohenstein.
2013 / SIGNS TAKEN IN WONDER. Searching for Contemporary Istanbul presents a topical snapshot of contemporary art production in the context of the city of Istanbul. // The potential of East Asian countries as catalysts of a socially and ecologically oriented, visionary form of (global) architecture is explored in the exhibition EASTERN PROMISES. Contemporary Architecture and Spatial Practices in East Asia. // With its emphasis on the field of furniture design, the exhibition NOMADIC FURNITURE 3.0. New Liberated Living? is the first to examine the DIY revolution situated on the threshold between the subcultural and the mainstream including a look at its historical context.
2014 / 150th anniversary of the MAK // Opening of the MAK Permanent Collection Asia. China – Japan – Korea // Opening of the MAK Permanent Collection Carpets // The dynamic MAK DESIGN LAB (Redesign of the MAK Study Collection), the central jubilee project, opens on 12 May 2014, the exact date of the MAK's 150-year anniversary. // Further main jubilee exhibitions: EXEMPLARY: 150 Years of the MAK – From Arts and Crafts to Design // HOLLEIN // WAYS TO MODERNISM: Josef Hoffmann, Adolf Loos, and Their Impact
2015 / VIENNA BIENNALE 2015: Ideas for Change. The first biennale that combines art, design, and architecture. Initiated by the MAK in partnership with the University of Applied Arts Vienna, Kunsthalle Wien, the Architekturzentrum Wien, and the Vienna Business Agency, creative center departure, and organized with support from the AIT Austrian Institute of Technology as a non-university research partner. – Performing Public Art Festival, Mapping Bucharest: Art, Memory, and Revolution 1916–2016, 2051: Smart Life in the City, Uneven Growth: Tactical Urbanisms for Expanding Megacities, Future Light: Escaping Transparency, Th Art of Working: Agency in Digital Modernity und 24/7: the human condition. // The exhibition CHRISTOPH NIEMANN: Drawing the Line shows works by one of the most sought-after illustrators in the world. // In STEFAN SAGMEISTER: The Happy Show, Stefan Sagmeister shares his experiences with happiness. // JOSEF FRANK: Against Design shows key works by one of the most important Austrian architects and applied artists.
2016 / Christoph Thun-Hohenstein is appointed as Director of the MAK for another 5 years. Teresa Mitterlehner-Marchesani becomes Chief Financial Officer. // In cooperation with the Austrian Frederick und Lillian Kiesler Private Foundation, the MAK dedicates itself to one of the visionaries of Viennese Modernism in the solo exhibition FREDERICK KIESLER: Life Visions. // With the exhibition handiCRAFT: Traditional Skills in the Digital Age, the MAK triggers social reflection on the meaning and appreciation of handicraft. // ROBERT LA ROCHE: Personal View presents the first retrospective of the internationally renowned Austrian eyewear designer.
2017 / In cooperation with core partners, the MAK organizes the second VIENNA BIENNALE: Robots. Work. Our Future. // In this context the MAK FUTURE LAB came about, an informal open source network. // Two top-flight exhibitions on the topic of glass: THE GLASS OF THE ARCHITECTS: Vienna 1900–1937 and GLASSES FROM THE EMPIRE AND BIEDERMEIER PERIOD: From the MAK Collection and the Glass Collection of Christian Kuhn // The CityFactory continues, a "real-time" research laboratory in cooperation with the Vienna Business Agency and the IDRV – Institute of Design Research Vienna. // THOMAS BAYRLE: If It's Too Long—Make It Longer reflects upon the MAK collection // Major exhibition in cooperation with the University of Applied Arts Vienna, to mark its 150th anniversary, AESTHETICS OF CHANGE: 150 Years of the University of Applied Arts Vienna


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Today Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi visited Dumka, Jharkhand. On the occasion, five thousand households from BPL category were handed over LPG connection. Hon'ble Prime Minister personally handed over LPG connections to four households at the event.
Hon'ble Prime Minister, while appealing to voluntarily Giving Up LPG subsidy on the day of Urja Sangam on March 27, 2015 had promised that the subsidy savings will be utilised to Give Back LPG connections to mothers and sisters from poor families. Today during the event he again reiterated the appeal and appreciated that above 30 lakh people have already given up LPG subsidy in such a short time.
Under this Give Back scheme, Government of India has contributed Rs. 1600 per LPG connection to BPL household while Government of Jharkhand has contributed Rs. 918.50 per household connection.
Minister of State for Petroleum & Natural Gas Shri Dharmendra Pradhan accompanied Hon'ble Prime Minister on the occasion.