text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Social media platforms store huge amount of multimedia content daily and  encourage users to provide descriptions and tags about it. This perpetual, dynamic procedure peaks with users sharing the content among the community. As a consequence, ever increasing data are stored every second in companies' servers. Handling these data becomes a very important task. The era of big data has motivated research towards integrating and developing new methods to cope with large volumes. Large-scale matrix analysis requires huge amounts of resources (i.e., time, memory).

Randomized algorithms for such large-scale matrices are widely used in order to derive approximate low-rank matrix factorizations. They exploit the structure of matrices to provide partial decompositions. For example, in hypergraph learning, one has to cope with a large hypergraph Laplacian or adjacency matrix, posing difficulties in direct matrix inversions or Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) computation. In addition, large-scale problems may involve inaccurate or missing values, which cannot be effectively dealt by classical methods \cite{Kotropoulos:15}. The main, underlying idea of randomized techniques for low-rank matrix approximations is to seek for a subspace that captures most of the action of the raw matrix \cite{halko2011finding}. Afterwards, common deterministic approaches can be applied. It is shown through extensive experiments and detailed error analysis that randomized algorithms for low-rank approximations are often more robust, accurate, and faster than the classical methods, such as the direct SVD \cite{halko2011finding}.

Recently, a low-rank approximation of large-scale matrices was proposed using a sparse orthogonal transformation matrix for reducing data dimension \cite{Hatamirad2018}. In \cite{martinsson2011randomized}, an efficient randomized scheme for approximate matrix decomposition with SVD was presented. An efficient probabilistic scheme with finite probability of failure was introduced \cite{liberty2007randomized}. A fast deterministic method to solve the high dimensional low-rank approximation was proposed \cite{teng2018fast}. There, a randomized algorithm was adopted and more information was exploited thanks to a sparse subspace embedding. Recently, a low-rank approximation of sparse matrices based on Lower-Upper (LU) factorization was presented \cite{grigori2018low}. Column and row permutations were adopted, searching for an optimal trade-off between speed and accuracy. In \cite{oh2018fast}, a fast and accurate method of a closed-form proximal operator for solving nuclear norm minimization and its weighted alternative was proposed. This method reduced significantly the computational cost due to avoiding a direct computation of SVD. An approximate basis, capturing the range of the input matrix, was formed by its compressed edition.

Hypergraphs are widely used in order to model high-order relations between heterogeneous vertices in an abundance of scientific fields. Solid theoretical basis is offered by hypergraphs in a variety of applications in multimedia search, data mining, mathematics etc. \cite{Kotropoulos:15}. The mainspring in social media applications is to grasp efficiently users' interaction. Image tagging is a typical example of users' interaction. The context information (e.g., user friendships and geo-tags) included in image tagging can be expressed in terms of high-order relations. Therefore, hypergraphs are suitable for modeling this kind of relations, where heterogeneous vertices (i.e., users, user social groups, tags, geo-tags, and images) are linked with hyperedges \cite{Yu:12a,Xu:12}. The influence of each hyperedge is of crucial importance and can be assessed by properly estimating its weight
\cite{Gao:13,Pliakos:15}. The adaptive gradient descent hypergraph learning scheme  presented in \cite{7471862}, is extended by implementing block randomized SVD in optimization step to reduce time requirements. In this first appoach, even though randomized methods are suitable for low-rank matrices, matrix tesselation enables the application of randomized SVD to full-rank matrices met in the optimization problems addressed. Creating rank deficient blocks in the main diagonal, allows low-rank submatrices to be inverted, reducing execution time through block randomized SVD \cite{hackbusch1999sparse}. Moreover, a second application for image tagging is proposed that benefits from the conjugate gradient method employed in the solution of the associated optimization problem. Using these two approaches, we can exploit the benefits of the adaptive hypergraph learning scheme even when a large number of images are used as input. These two approaches are the novel contributions of this work, enabling the application of adaptive hypergraph learning to even larger hypergraphs than that considered here. It is demonstrated that both approaches achieve accurate image tagging measured by the $F_{1}$ measure as in \cite{Pliakos:14tag} and succeed to reduce drastically the computational time requirements.

The outline of the paper is as follows. In Section \ref{sec:hypmodel}, the general hypergraph model is introduced and the adaptive hyperedge weight updating model is presented. In Section \ref{sec:RA}, the proposed approaches for adaptive hypergraph learning optimization are detailed. The dataset is briefly described in Section \ref{sec:experim} and the experiments conducted are demonstrated. Conclusions are drawn in Section \ref{sec:concl} .

\section{Adaptive hyperedge weight updating model}
\label{sec:hypmodel}

Let $|\cdot|$ denote set cardinality, $ || \cdot ||$ be the $l_{2}$-norm of a vector, and $\mathbf{I}$ denote the identity matrix of compatible dimensions. A hypergraph $G(V,E,w)$ captures high-order relationships in social media, where $V$ is the set of vertices, $E$ is the set of hyperedges and $w()$ is real-valued function assigning weights in hyperedges to indicate the relative importance of each high-order relationship captured by the hyperedge. The vertex set $V$ is made by concatenating sets of objects of different type (users, social groups, geo-tags, tags, images). Let $m = |V|$ and $n=|E|$. The incidence matrix $\mathbf{H} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$ has elements $H(v,e) = 1 $ if $v\in e$ and $0$ otherwise. The following degrees are defined: $\delta(v) = \sum_{e \in E} w(e) H(v,e) $ and  $\delta(e)=\sum_{v \in V}H(v,e)$, which appear in the main diagonal of the vertex degree diagonal matrix $\mathbf{D}_{v} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times m}$ and hyperedge degree diagonal matrix  $\mathbf{D}_{v} \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$, respectively. Let $\mathbf{W} \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ be the diagonal matrix having as elements the hyperedge weights $\mathbf{w}(e)$, $e \in E$ in its main diagonal. To measure the degree of similarity of any pair of vertices, one has to compute matrix $\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times m}$ \cite{7471862}:

\begin{equation} \label{eq:A}
\mathbf{A} =\mathbf{D}_{v}^{-1/2}\mathbf{H}\mathbf{W}\mathbf{D}_e^{-1}\mathbf{H}^{\top}\mathbf{D}_{v}^{-1/2}.
\end{equation}
Let $\mathbf{L}=\mathbf{I}-\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times m}$ be Zhou's normalized Laplacian of the hypergraph \cite{Zhou:06}. To cluster the vertices of the hypergraph, one has to minimize

\begin{equation} \label{eq:Tau}
T(\mathbf{f})=\mathbf{f}^{\top} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{f}
 \end{equation}
with respect to (w.r.t.) $\mathbf{f} \in \mathbb{R}^{m}$. Highly connected vertices are meant to have equal values in the optimal ranking vector $\mathbf{f}^{*}$  \cite{Agarwal:06}. So, there is high possibility two images to be very similar, if they share a number of common tags above a specified threshold. Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{L}$ are frequently sparse matrices. The clustering optimization problem (\ref{eq:Tau}) can be treated as a ranking problem by importing the $l_{2}$ regularization norm in order to force the ranking vector $\mathbf{f}$ to be as much as possible equal to a query vector specified by a user  \cite{Zhou:03,Bu:10}. Let $\mathbf{X} = \mathbf{I} - \dfrac{1}{1+\theta}\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times m}$, where $\theta$ is regularization parameter. Given $\mathbf{W}$, the best ranking vector minimizing (\ref{eq:Tau}), is given by \cite{Zhou:03,Bu:10}:

\begin{equation} \label{eq:Busolution}
\mathbf{f}^{*} = \frac{\theta}{1+\theta} \mathbf{X}^{-1} \mathbf{y}.
\end{equation}
The next step is to update $\mathbf{W} \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$, using the steepest descent method, as proposed in \cite{7471862}. Let $\mathbf{w} = \left(w_1,\,w_2,\,\dots,\,w_n\right)^{\top}$ be the vector formed by the diagonal elements of $\mathbf{W}$. Meaningful constraints on $\mathbf{w}$ are $\b{1}_{n}^{{\top}} \b{w} =1$ and $\b{w} \geq \b{0}$. Let $P(\b{w})=\b{f}^{{\top}} \b{L} \b{f} + \kappa ||\b{w}||^{2}$, where $\kappa$ is a positive regularization parameter. When $\mathbf{f}$ is fixed, the optimization problem w.r.t. $\mathbf{w}$ is defined as

\begin{equation}\label{eq:optprob}
\argmin{\b{w}} \; P(\b{w})
\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; \mbox{s.t. $\b{1}_{n}^{\top}\b{w}=1$ and $\b{w} \geq \b{0}$}.
\end{equation}
where the abbreviation s.t. stands for subject to. The Lagrangian of (\ref{eq:optprob}) is given by $S = P + \sum_{j=1}^{\wp} c_{j} \, G_{j},$ where  $c_{j}$,  $j=1, 2, \ldots, \wp$ are the Lagrange multipliers and  active constraints $G_{j}$ are given by:

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:lagrangemultis}
  G_{j}:  \left\{ \begin{array}{ll}
     \b{1}_{n}^{\top} \: \b{w}-1=0  & \mbox{for $j=1$}  \\
     w_{\nu_j-1} = 0           & \mbox{for $j>1$.} \\
                          \end{array}  \right.
\end{equation}
The equality constraint $G_1$ is always active. The weights of the remaining active constraints stay $0$, where
$\nu_{j}-1 \in [1,n]$ is an index of a hyperedge weight. The steepest descent rule for updating the weights, $\mathbf{w}^{\mrm{new}} =\mathbf{w}^{\mrm{old}} - \mu \nabla S$, was studied in detail in \cite{7471862}. Here, we are interested in the derivation of fast algorithms for solving (\ref{eq:Busolution}) by exploiting either block randomized SVD of $\mathbf{X}$ or the conjugate gradient method to solve

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:conjLinearSys}
  \mathbf{X}\, \mathbf{f} = \frac{\theta}{1+\theta}\, \mathbf{y}.
\end{equation}

\section{Block Randomized SVD and Conjugate Gradient method for optimization}
\label{sec:RA}

Randomized matrix approximations are performed in two stages. The first stage comprises random sampling in order to find a lower-dimensional subspace which captures the most of the action of $\mathbf{X}\in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$. To do so a column orthonormal matrix $\mathbf{S} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times l}$ should be computed such that

\begin{equation}
 {|| \mathbf{X}-\mathbf{S} \mathbf{S}^{\top} \mathbf{X}||}_{F} \leqslant \epsilon
\end{equation}
where ${||\cdot||}_{F}$ denotes the Frobenius norm of a matrix. If $\mathrm{rank(\mathbf{X})} = k \leqslant m$, an oversampling parameter $\pi$ is chosen, such that $l=k+\pi$. Frequently, $l$ is set equal to $2k$. An $m\times l$ matrix $\mathbf{\Omega}$ whose elements stem from a Gaussian distribution with zero mean and unit variance is essential for the randomized subspace iteration. In this case, a small oversampling parameter $\pi$ equal to $5$ or $10$ yields accurate results  \cite{halko2011finding}.

 The second stage of the randomized SVD algorithm consists of the approximate SVD factorization of matrix $\mathbf{B}$
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{B} = \mathbf{S}^{\top} \mathbf{X}
\end{equation}
i.e., $\mathbf{B} = \mathbf{\tilde{U}} \mathbf{\Sigma} \mathbf{V}^{\top}$. The final solution for $\mathbf{U}$ is given by multiplying the approximate $\mathbf{\tilde{U}}$ with the basis $\mathbf{S}$. The detailed randomized SVD via subspace iteration algorithm is summarized in Algorithm \ref{alg:ra}.

The results of the approximate SVD solution should satisfy
\begin{equation}
 || \b{X}-\b{U} \b{\Sigma} \b{V}^{\top}|| \leqslant \epsilon.
\end{equation}
Steps $2$-$3$ of Algorithm \ref{alg:ra} can be replaced by forming:
\begin{equation}\label{classicRA}
\textbf{Y} = (\mathbf{X}\mathbf{X}^{\top})^{\pi} \mathbf{X}\,\mathbf{\Omega}.
\end{equation}
 To construct matrix $\mathbf{S}$, whose columns form an orthonormal basis for the range of $\mathbf{Y}$, one may employ QR factorization. (\ref{classicRA}) is more sensitive to round-off errors and thus, when high accuracy is required, Algorithm \ref{alg:ra} is preferable. Its superiority is grounded on the orthonormalization step included.

To apply randomized SVD to $\mathbf{X}$, $\mathbf{X}$ has to be low-rank. In our case, $\mathbf{X}$ defined as $\mathbf{X} = \mathbf{I} - \dfrac{1}{1+\theta}\mathbf{A}$ is full-rank. To exploit the benefits of randomized SVD, we partition $\mathbf{X}$, as suggested in \cite{hackbusch1999sparse}, as follows

\begin{algorithm}
\caption{Randomized Singular Value Decomposition for low-rank matrix approximation via subspace iteration}
\textbf{Inputs:} An $m \times m$ matrix $\mathbf{X}$, an integer $\pi$, and an integer number $l$ \newline
\textbf{Output:} Approximate factorization of $\mathbf{X}$, where $\mathbf{U}$ and $\mathbf{V}$ are orthonormal  and $\mathbf{\Sigma}$ is non-negative and diagonal, containing the eigenvalues of $ \mathbf{X}$.
\begin{itemize}
\item[1] Create a $m\times l$ matrix  $\mathbf{\Omega}$  whose elements are independent identically
distributed Gaussian random variables with zero mean and unit
variance.
\item[2] Form $\mathbf{Y}_{0} = \mathbf{X} \mathbf{\Omega}$ and compute its QR factorization $\mathbf{Y}_{0} = \mathbf{S}_{0} \mathbf{R}_{0}$
\begin{algorithmic}
\FOR{$i=1,2,\,\dots,\,\pi$}\STATE Form $ \tilde{\mathbf{Y}}_{i} = \mathbf{X}^{\top} \mathbf{S}_{i-1}$ and compute its QR factorization $ \tilde{\mathbf{Y}}_{i} = \tilde{\mathbf{S}}_{i} \tilde{\mathbf{R}}_{i}$.\\
Form $\mathbf{Y}_{i} = \mathbf{X} \tilde{\mathbf{S}}_{i}$ and compute its QR factorization $\mathbf{Y}_{i} = \mathbf{S}_{i} \mathbf{R}_{i}$
\ENDFOR
\end{algorithmic}
\item[3] $\mathbf{S} = \mathbf{S}_{\pi}$
\item[4] $\mathbf{B} = \mathbf{S}^{\top} \mathbf{X}$
\item[5] Compute SVD of the matrix $\mathbf{B} = \mathbf{\tilde{U}} \mathbf{\Sigma} \mathbf{V}^{\top}$
\item[6] Set $\mathbf{U} = \mathbf{S} \mathbf{\tilde{U}}$
\end{itemize}
\label{alg:ra}
\end{algorithm}

\begin{equation}
\mathbf{X} = \begin{bmatrix}
\mathbf{X}_{11} & \mathbf{X}_{12} \\
\mathbf{X}_{21} & \mathbf{X} _{22}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{X}_{11}$ and $\mathbf{X}_{22}$ are low-rank submatrices.
The inverse of matrix $\mathbf{X}$ is given by \cite{hackbusch1999sparse}:

\begin{equation}
\bigg[\begin{array}{cc}
\mathbf{X}_{11} & \mathbf{X}_{12}\\
\mathbf{X}_{21} & \mathbf{X}_{22}\\
\end{array}
\bigg]^{-1} = \bigg[\begin{matrix} \mathbf{Z}_{1}^{-1} & -\mathbf{X}_{11}^{-1}\mathbf{X}_{12}\mathbf{Z}_{2}^{-1} \\
-\mathbf{Z}_{2}^{-1}\mathbf{X}_{21}\mathbf{X}_{11}^{-1} & \mathbf{Z}_{2}^{-1} \end{matrix}\bigg]
\end{equation}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathbf{Z}_{1}&=& \mathbf{X}_{11}-\mathbf{X}_{12}\mathbf{X}_{22}^{-1}\mathbf{X}_{21}\\
\mathbf{Z}_{2}&=&\mathbf{X}_{22}- \mathbf{X}_{21} \mathbf{X}_{11}^{-1}\mathbf{X}_{12}
\end{eqnarray}
To compute $\mathbf{Z}_{1}^{-1}$ and $\mathbf{Z}_{2}^{-1}$ as well as $\mathbf{X}_{11}^{-1}$ and $\mathbf{X}_{22}^{-1}$ randomized SVD is applied.

For further reducing the time requirements of inversions, nested tessellations of submatrices created along the main diagonal are employed until the minimum rank of the created submatrices reaches a minimum value of 50. Regarding the second update of $\mathbf{X}$ after having completed the alternating update of $\mathbf{W}$, the minimum rank of the diagonal submatrices of $\mathbf{X}$ is increased to $500$. In this iteration, matrix $\mathbf{X}$ gets even sparser due to the fact that many of its elements are set to zero after steepest descent. Thus, block randomized SVD enables further computational time reduction in solving (\ref{eq:Busolution}).

Having derived the approximate SVD of $ \mathbf{X} $, i.e., $ \mathbf{X} = \mathbf{U} \mathbf{\Sigma} \mathbf{V}^{\top}$

\begin{equation}
\mathbf{X}^{-1} = \mathbf{V} \mathbf{\Sigma}^{-1} \mathbf{U}^{\top}
\end{equation}
with $\mathbf{\Sigma}^{-1} = \mathrm{diag(\dfrac{1}{\sigma_{1}},\dots,  \dfrac{1}{\sigma_{m}})}$ is non-negative, diagonal and $\mathbf{U}$, $\mathbf{V}$ are orthonormal.

In the second approach, to solve (\ref{eq:conjLinearSys}) the conjugate gradient method is employed, which has found to yield further time reduction. Iteratively, the ranking vector $\mathbf{f}_{i}$, the residual $\mathbf{r}_{i}$ and the search direction $\mathbf{p}_{i}$ are updated starting from an initial $\mathbf{f}_{0}$. Then, the initial residual vector is given by $\mathbf{r}_{0} = \frac{\theta}{1+\theta}\, \mathbf{y} - \mathbf{X}\,\mathbf{f}_{0}$ and the search direction is initiated as $\mathbf{p}_{0}=\mathbf{r}_{0}$. For $i\geq 1$, the updated vectors are given by \cite{barrett1994templates}:

\begin{eqnarray}
\mathbf{f}_i&=& \mathbf{f}_{i-1}+\alpha_i \,\mathbf{p}_{i-1}\\
\mathbf{r}_i&=&\mathbf{r}_{i-1}-\alpha_{i} \,\mathbf{X} \,\mathbf{p}_{i-1}\\
\mathbf{p}_i&=&\b{r}_{i}+\beta_{i}\,\mathbf{p}_{i-1}
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation} \alpha_i=\frac{\mathbf{r}_{i-1}^{\top}\,\mathbf{r}_{i-1}}{\mathbf{p}_{i-1}^{\top}\, \mathbf{X} \,\mathbf{p}_{i-1}}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\beta_i=\frac{\mathbf{r}_{i}^{\top}\, \mathbf{r}_{i}}{\mathbf{r}_{i-1}^{\top} \,\mathbf{r}_{i-1}}.
\end{equation}

\section{Dataset description and Experiments}
\label{sec:experim}

The same dataset used in \cite{Pliakos:15,7471862} is employed here, retaining the same experimental setup. It contains a large amount of Greek places of interest along with valuable information related to them. In particular, geotagged photos, both indoor and outdoor, are accompanied with auxiliary information, such as id, title, owner, latitude, longitude, tags, and views. Only images having many views captured by users, who frequently upload many images, are retained. Images with many views are assumed to depict worth seeing landmarks which have attracted the interest of active users, demonstrating dense social relations (e.g., possessing many friends, participating in many social groups). The aforementioned information was crawled from social media sharing platforms, e.g. \textit{Flickr}. Our interest is limited to groups that have at least $5$ members (i.e., image owners). The specific cardinalities are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:objects}. A $64$-bit operating system with an Intel(R) Core(TM) $i7-4771$ CPU at $3.5$ GHz and $16$ GB RAM was used in the experiments conducted.

For each picture a set of tags was created and a vocabulary was generated, including the times each tag appeared. Hierarchical clustering was applied afterwards. Detailed information about the dataset, the pre-processing procedure, and hypergraph construction can be found in \cite{Pliakos:15, 7471862}.

\begin{table}[tb]
\caption{Dataset objects, notations, and counts.}
\label{tab:objects}
\begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{ | l | l | r |}
    \hline
    Object & Notation & Count\\ \hline
    Images & $Im$ & $1292$\\
    Users & $U$ & $440$\\
    User Groups & $Gr$ & $1644$\\
    Geo-tags & $Geo$ & $125$\\
    Tags & $Ta$ & $2366$\\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}

\end{center}
\end{table}

The query vector $\b{y}$ is initialized by setting the entry
corresponding to the test image $Im$ and its owner $U$ to $1$. The tags $Ta$ connected to this image are set equal to $A(Im,Ta)$. The objects corresponding to $Gr$ and $Geo$ associated to the image owner $U$ are set equal to $A(U,Gr)$ and $A(U,Geo)$, respectively. The query vector $\b{y}$ has a length of $5867$ elements. During testing, the tags contained in the test set were not included in the training procedure. To allow comparisons with the previous works \cite{Pliakos:14tag, 7471862}, the same metric has been adopted, i.e., the $F_1$ measure. The $F_1$ measure is calculated at various ranking positions and four of them are included in the detailed comparison (i.e., $F_{1}$@1, $F_{1}$@2, $F_{1}$@5, $F_{1}$@10). Here, our main goal is to demonstrate computational time reduction while maintaining the same performance with the methods in \cite{Pliakos:14tag, 7471862}.

ITH-HWEG stands for the adaptive weight estimation method with steepest descent using a fixed adaptation step \cite{7471862}. Let BR-ITH-HWEG refer to the adaptive weight estimation, using steepest descent and exploiting the block randomized SVD via subspace iteration in (\ref{eq:Busolution}). Similarly, CG-ITH-HWEG refers to solving (\ref{eq:conjLinearSys}) by employing the conjugate gradient method. Let ITH denote the method proposed in \cite{Pliakos:14tag}. We have employed in ITH either block randomized SVD, yielding BR-ITH or the conjugate gradient method, obtaining CG-ITH. The main difference between ITH-WHEG and ITH lies in the fact that in ITH the weights are fixed and (\ref{eq:A}) is calculated only once.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{times.png}
  \caption{Total time requirements for each method}
  \label{fig:time}
\end{figure}

The basic algorithm ITH requires $4267$ sec in order to find the best ranking vector, as can be seen in Table \ref{tab:timeO}. That is, ITH algorithm requires about $3.3$ sec/image. By employing block randomized SVD to facilitate matrix inversion, the computational time of BR-ITH drops to about $3126$ sec. That is, BR-ITH requires about $2.41$ sec/image, yielding a time reduction approximately $27  \%$ of the time needed by ITH. The $F_{1}$ measure obtained by  BR-ITH  is identical to that of ITH for all ranking positions, as shown in Table \ref{tab:pliakf1}. When the conjugate gradient method is employed within ITH, the computational time reduces to $355$ sec, yielding a gain of about $92  \%$ w.r.t. ITH. That is, CG-ITH requires about $0.27$ sec/image. The resulting $F_{1}$ measure still remains the same with that of ITH.

In the ITH-HWEG we have to optimize not only w.r.t. $\mathbf{f}$ keeping $\mathbf{w}$ fixed, but also $\mathbf{w}$ keeping $\mathbf{f}$ fixed. The basic ITH-HWEG takes $8530$ sec to derive the optimal ranking vector. That is, $1.99$ times longer than the computational time of ITH. By employing the proposed block randomized SVD, the time drops to $4606$ sec, which amounts to $46\%$ reduction in time w.r.t. ITH-HWEG. That is, BR-ITH-HWEG induces a computational cost of about $3.56$ sec/image. The $F_{1}$ measure achieved by BR-ITH-HWEG at certain ranking positions is slightly better than that of the basic algorithm ITH-HWEG (see F1@5, F1@10 in Table  \ref{tab:pliakf1}). By employing the conjugate gradient within ITH-HWEG, the computational time drops to $727$ sec, i.e., to approximately $8\%$ of the computational time required by ITH-HWEG (i.e. reduction $92\%$). The computational reduction does not at all affect the $F_{1}$ measure at the four ranking positions listed in Table \ref{tab:pliakf1}. Thus, the conjugate gradient method can be exploited in large datasets and real-time applications for a single query image ($0.56$ sec/image), which might include millions of images for optimizing $\mathbf{f}$ given $\mathbf{w}$. Figure \ref{fig:time} depicts the overall computational time needed by all algorithms for various number of images. ITH, BR-ITH, and CG-ITH optimize $\mathbf{f}$ given a fixed $\mathbf{w}$. ITH-HWEG, BR-ITH-HWEG, and CG-ITH-HWEG run an alternating minimization problem of $\mathbf{f}$ given $\mathbf{w}$ and $\mathbf{w}$ given $\mathbf{f}$. It is seen that the second optimization step of optimizing $\mathbf{w}$ given $\mathbf{f}$ when it is included in the loop improves $F_{1}$ measure, but at the expense of larger computational time than that of ITH. In the latter case, the computational time increases almost linearly with the number of images, which could be prohibitive.

\begin{table}[t]
\caption{Time requirements for the optimization problems (\ref{eq:Busolution}) and (\ref{eq:conjLinearSys}) in sec}
\label{tab:timeO}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{| >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1in} | >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{0.81in} | >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{0.91in} |}
\hline
Methods&ITH \cite{Pliakos:14tag}&ITH-HWEG \cite{7471862}\\ \hline
 Original &  4267 &  8530 \\ \hline
  Block randomized  &  3126 & 4606 \\ \hline
 Conjugate Gradient &  355 & 727 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}

\end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{center}
\caption{$F_{1}$ measure at various ranking positions for various approaches} \label{tab:pliakf1}
\begin{tabular}{| >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1in}|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
 Methods&$F_{1}@1$&$F_{1}@2$&$F_{1}@5$&$F_{1}@10$\\ \hline
 ITH \cite{Pliakos:14tag} &0.312&0.457&0.530&0.445\\ \hline
 BR-ITH             & 0.312 & 0.456 & 0.531 & 0.444\\ \hline
 CG-ITH            &0.312  &  0.456 & 0.530 & 0.445\\ \hline
  ITH-HWEG \cite{7471862} &0.425 & 0.682 & 0.753 & 0.558\\ \hline
 BR-ITH-HWEG             &0.425 & 0.674 & 0.756 & 0.562\\ \hline
 CG-ITH-HWEG             &0.427 & 0.680 & 0.752 & 0.557\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
\label{sec:concl}

Two different approaches for optimizing the ranking vector in hypergraph learning have been proposed. These methods are block randomized SVD for matrix inversion and conjugate gradient for solving a set of linear equations both related to optimizing $\mathbf{f}$ given fixed hyperedge weights $\mathbf{w}$. It was shown that both approaches yield computational time savings without affecting the $F_{1}$ measure at various ranking positions. The most prominent shortcomings have been obtained by employing the conjugate gradient method in ITH and ITH-HWEG. The disclosed results are promising and motivate further research towards accommodating bigger image datasets than that considered.

\bibliographystyle{IEEEbib}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
SUSTAINABLE AND THRIVING ECONOMIES
ABOUT CITIZENS COAL COUNCIL
To inform, empower and work for and with communities affected by the mining, processing and use of coal.
OUR HISTORY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Click here to read about CCC's history and accomplishments.
Aimee Erickson,
Email: aimee[at]citizenscoalcouncil.org
Aimee has been working for Citizens Coal Council since the organization's headquarters relocated from Washington, DC to Pennsylvania in 2005. She has experienced first-hand the effects of underground coal mining on property, as Consol Energy's longwall mine passed under her house in 2007.
Aimee has been a tireless advocate for coalfield citizens, working hard to rebuild the tarnished relationship between people living in coal-impacted areas and the federal regulators charged to enforce protective coal mining laws. Likewise, Aimee has focused her efforts on ensuring that federal regulators are empowered to defend coalfield citizens' rights to clean air and water, and that these powers are protected against the threats of coal industry political allies.
Aimee has her Bachelor's Degree in Accounting and her Master's in Nonprofit Management, both from Robert Morris University.
Rosie Campos,
Email: rosie[at]citizenscoalcouncil.org
Rosie, a native Pennsylvanian, joined CCC as Development Director in 2009. She is a 2005 graduate of Cornell University with her Bachelor's Degree in History.
During her undergraduate career, she was a founding member of the Cornell Undergraduate History Association, a recipient of the Cornell Club of Pittsburgh Scholarship, and an active member of the Cornell Forum for Justice and Peace.
Rosie enjoys writing, traveling, hiking and tries to spend as much time outdoors as she can. She lives with her husband and two children in Canonsburg, PA.
MICHAEL V. NIXON
Michael V. Nixon is a lawyer, strategist and consultant with a national office in Portland, Oregon. Michael's public interest work has included strategy, litigation & appeals, public & media relations, and consulting advice to individuals, community & cultural groups, NGOs, municipal, tribal & state governments, and other lawyers & professionals in a variety of subject areas, including:
State and federal environmental law enforcement, coal mining, climate change & climate damage, wetlands, woodlands, farmlands & forests, eminent domain and government land use, nonprofit organization & governance, and historic preservation in urban, suburban, rural & agricultural communities and wilderness environments, with intensive experience in successful large-scale landscape preservation & protection projects.
Michael also has over 30 years of special interest and pro bono work with native peoples and cross-cultural coalitions in defense of sacred places and traditional cultural properties around the United States.
MICHELE TYSIAK
Michele has been practicing law since 2000, with experience with the federal government and the private sector, in commercial bankruptcy, business law and real estate, including work in the coal and natural gas industries. She earned a law degree from West Virginia University as well as an M.Ed. from the University of Pittsburgh and an undergraduate degree from Grove City College in Pennsylvania. Michele is passionate about social justice and environmental issues. She is originally from Fredonia, New York and currently lives in the Pittsburgh area with her husband and two children, where she works as in-house counsel in the telecommunications field on regulatory, legislative, and land use matters.
Citizens Coal Council
130 Friend Road
© Citizens Coal Council 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This may be a long read but it will be well worth it... Kindly read till the end.
To a large extent, I see that a whole lot of people are not educated about TBC not because there's no education available but mostly because they are not interested in education.
Where the purpose of a thing is not known, abuse is inevitable!
With all sense of commitment, it is our responsibility to grow the TBC community. The TBC Admin is only making things a lot easier for us to take responsibility.
The Money Making aspect is just complimentary... So people, don't focus on the complimentary and lose sight of the fundamental.
The Creme de la Creme of the top echelon of the Global Power Structure have perfected the plan to make Humans a body of computer with their planned implantation of chips.
This move is to make humans a walking computer that can be shut down from the server if we don't comply to their whims & caprices, the same way a webmaster can shut down a malfunctioning website.
Without a Global Move for Financial Freedom, there's not much any of us can do to stop this move.
TBC, therefore is a major tool to break free from the desperate effort for human control and oppression.
But the thing is... We must be Financially Free en-masse.
If the mass of those without Financial Freedom is still enormous, then the Financial Freedom of the few comes to nought.
*Elon Musk*, the Founder & CEO of SpaceX is perfecting plans to make humans an Interplanetary specie (that is, for humans to live in more than 1 planets, preferably Mars).
He plans to make a Robotic trip (a self-driven ship) to Mars by 2020. Followed by a Crewed Mission (take people there) to Mars by 2024. He plans to build a city around the surface of Mars that will be inhabited by humans.
One of the reasons for this will shock You... He said he believes that human existence on the earth may be extinct.
This may not be unconnected to a report I read that the Global Elites are fine tuning many strategies to keep the World's Population in check through wars, the release of harmful chemicals etc.
The truth is that the world around us has changed very much but very many People are at ease because of ignorance.
For as long as the collective wealth of the people lie in the hands of a few, these kinds of evil will remain in place and will increase.
This is why there must be a committed drive to *Decentralize Everything*, so that the people become effectively in control of their own lives which is the fundamental message of Cryptocurrency.
Every aspect of our lives has aggressively changed including the way we do business.
In this new Economic Revolution that the Blockchain Technology brings, there will be a massive shake up & an emergence of new Global Players.
We must become more united to spread the news of TBC not because we want to make Money but because we must make it impossible for the Global Elites to achieve their agenda against us.
Once we get critical mass of people into TBC, we would have a voice & a choice to live life in our terms.
There's no reason why You shouldn't be able to tell people about TBC.
They don't believe it? Then give them Kringles, it's Free.
Somebody told me one day that the reason he's not been able to bring people is because they have not seen the proof of TBC on him, that people say "how can he be talking of abundance when he is still broke"
Come on... If that's the case, then talk to people broker than You... there are people who are praying to be like you, seek them out & talk to them.
You must be able to do Niche Identification, not everybody is your target market.
It is wisdom to know your phase & size per time.
If you must talk to someone beyond your phase & size bracket, then get the help of a Leader.
TBC Marketing Campaign should be an aggressive one and requires a united effort, which means you also have a role to play.
If you do it for the Money, your desperation will show & nobody likes to do business with desperate people.
Please check one of my previous posts on how to share this free gift with people through your referral link as well.


Any mole ought to be considered by a seasoned Medical practitioner, not just a beauty therapist, until any removal is done. In fact, some Labs are utilized to seek water fowl. It can be concluded from this laboratory it would take a sow bug a very long time to travel one mile. A black lab is among the most typical dog breeds in the USA, and for good reason. Picture Source This black lab appears like he is ready to pounce! The skills test will ask you to demonstrate the scenarios you have learned in your training. Certainly, lab report is a time-consuming process, but our experienced team understands the way to deal with this kind of intricate mission in time.
You may always reach from your writer to provide More particulars or request information regarding the order's progress. After the writer is appointed, they start working on your composition in line with the requirements you've specified on your purchase. Our gifted writers can deal with almost every form of writing assignment, together with Math and Physics troubles and a lot more. Turning into a writer for our firm is very challenging. Just consider it how many fantastic things you may do instead of boring writing.
There Are Many Kinds of essays, it is not Hard To shed a watch out for all of your writing assignments. If you do not understand how to start your essay or in which to look for supporting data, we'll be delighted to assist you. Together with our essay assistance you might be sure nobody shall find a better mark for the job than you. If you obtain essays on the internet, it's really important to know whether the job is still in process or has been finished.
Sometimes, you may nevertheless be left With traces of the mole also, and disease is similarly not unheard of. Identification of an unknown feather is a trying plan of action.
Each and each layer Will be piled in Addition to the basemap layer to provide a representation of the property. If you want not to sew, you'll need to duplicate both the above layers. Any specific coating can be made undetectable or translucent to get other layers more clear. The next layer will be a polygon layer that will demonstrate the places that have been searched and reduce duplication of work. To begin with, is a point layer that will be areas of all of the meteorite findsout. The system is precisely the exact same for the two Photoshopand Elements.
Just reach out to our support supervisors, if you've Got an unusual endeavor to do, and we'll certainly find someone to help you. You merely have to pass a very simple procedure of authorization, click on purchase research papers, fill an effortless buy form and that is it! You don't need to fill numerous order forms, receive a great deal of passwords at virtually every step of order. Whenever you submit your purchase, we begin looking for the ideal writer to complete your assignment based on your requirements.
When you purchase them online, however, You're going To have much bigger choice of styles which makes displaying your very own distinctive fashion even more easy. White presents a specific case. Because feathers often contain complex mixtures of colors, it is not sensible to code all of them.
Option to catch the gist of a pleasure loving pup! If for you believe the photo appears level, you may use the duplicate layer procedure mentioned before. Satellite photographs are great in a lot of ways.
Each database of data is known as a coating. Not all websites deliver such a purpose.
There Are Several Different kinds of tests to select From should you need to observe your Labrador. In that case, then you might wish to contemplate Labrador checks. Bear in mind that in case you purchase your Labrador checks on line from a secure site it's possible to save up to 50% off the expense of your checks. How you'll practice will be dependent on how you learn best. The more you tell us about your needs, the better essay help we will be in a position to supply. How much you could earn while your paper work has been done by someone, who knows the way to do it properly! When you compose a resume for the very first time, it might take you some time to put everything in order and create your own CV seem presentable.
There are 21 different designs in a Lot of styles and Colours. Thus, scroll down and pick the plan you like. In addition, it is possible to edit several sections of the template design and make it look original on printing, thereby excellent for the purpose for which you made it at the very first place.
Process of utilizing the template is very Simple And simpler. These templates are really easy to edit and consequently their popularity. They're the most popular since they're readily available and the very first preference for almost everyone. They are largely used when individuals or organizations would like to know how much credit they left in their respective banks. First select the perfect template that you pick. The free printable pay stub template is the most appropriate instrument to compute an employee's salary. You're able to just share the entire folder to your own admin to examine and approve on your post-close practice.
Check balance templates, because the name suggests Are templates which let somebody to request the lender to permit them to understand how much equilibrium they have left in the stated account. These templates are for the most part employed by employers when they recruit new workers often as a way of preventive security. They can be of a variety of shapes and designs and sizes and users may choose the most desirable ones according to their requirements. They allow a person to access some potential individual's credit balance and authorize said individual to validate the information provided by the individual in question. A great cover stub template for employees should cover not merely the payment or salary.
Absolutely free templates. There is no scope of making a mistake in writing cheques since overwriting is prohibited in cheques and leads to cancellation. You don't become much scope of making a mistake in writing checks since overwriting isn't allowed and it might cause cancellation of the check.
For everyone who would like to clinic check writing. Maintaining a check book is an excellent means to practice math abilities. For this reason, you can choose the print out of it and utilize it as you desire.
Assess templates that are easily printable are the Simplest to get from the numerous ones readily available on the web because of their sheer recognition. A credit rating check template can help us to find out our credit balance in virtually no time whatsoever. You'll also get oversized check template free when it's to do with making presentations for charity events. You just have to select the right templates, fill in your details and you'll be able to find the ideal cheque template in your hand the minute you take a print out. Therefore, a ideal template should acquire and utilize this template. Developing a blank cheque template can be quite tricky as it involves the operating knowledge of designing software and familiarity with cheques generally.
Selling gift certificates Is a Great means to Enhance sales. Giving someone the ideal present is quite rare. Often folks are reluctant to give gift certificates because they need the receiver to feel like they've gone to the trouble to decide on a gift. A gift certificate will permit the receiver to decide on the ideal present he or she actually wants. These totally free printable gift certificates may be used for both personal and industrial usage.
If You're Considering designing cheques for a Coming occasion or a school project but aren't sure how to take action, have a look at our broad choice of bank check templates. Apparently for individuals who frequently require blank cheques, either. Deposit slips are employed in only about all fields of life. Employing this dollar check template and making changes to it to consider unique designs can help you complete the undertaking.
Checks are vital tools when it comes to major Financial dealings. The company check is easily the most typical pay stub used by several companies today. Checks are an important trade tool once it comes to key dealings. Blank checks could be used for numerous factors. Also, they come handy when you are running short of checks, once the bank is closed, and you want to make a payment through a check desperately. Thus, you're always needed to have sufficient checks out there. Aside from the use of check, a person may draft free checks at home or at office by way of blank check templates for Microsoft word.
Naturally, you're going to discover other Techniques To utilize the calendar with practice. You need to maintain a calendar for your everyday appointments so you don't miss any meetings. A calendar is utilized to keep a work history and handle work in efficient manners. It's likely to also use the calendar without dates and simply have a daily and weekly schedule for just about any month. There could have been a decrease in the introduction of calendars on account of the presence of built-in electronic calendars within our cellular devices, but paper calendars nevertheless show that they're still quite essential.
Simply print the webpage, and repeat the Procedure For each and every set of dates you are in need of a planner for. You only need to catch your daily planner and assess it. There are all those distinct sorts of daily partners! A daily planner may be useful in numerous methods and levels for each and every point in time, acquiring a section for each day of a year. It's apparent that a daily planner will assist you in keeping records. Regular daily planners are most often utilized in the usa.
A planner is a beneficial tool once it comes to Maintaining yourself organised, be it at home or even on the job. The ideal kind of planner is one that works well for you. Together with time management, maintaining a daily planner can help you remember everything and ensures you don't forget anything. There are a few printable daily planners easily available online having a variety of the best daily planner templates.
Paper planners be a visual reminder of how The amazing part about making your own planner would be that you are ready to print out a couple of sheets and take them for a test drive and continue on to something else if they do not get the job done for you also as you expected. There are lots of kinds of daily planners out there in a variety of formats in hard copies along with electronic ones. Day planner is very practical tool to control your occasions, to-do record and create your time more effective. Daily planners are usually in the shape of diaries but with the advancement of technology, electronic daily planners let you take pleasure in the printable daily planner templates. They're among the best methods to tackle your time management. Daily lesson planner is made for teachers to detail their everyday lesson plans.
Helping you along with your personal work in addition to Household activities, dotmine daily planners are among the best options that you pick to be in a position to do your daily tasks. When a project is finished, all emotional energy linked to this job ought to be published. If you have 15 minutes to finish the job, concentrate on setting the intention which you will get it done within that sum of time so you are able to move on to your next job. Prioritizing tasks can help ensure that your backlog is made up of low-priority tasks.
In the alternatives available, Choose the Type of Monthly calendar that you need to add into your document. The template document is going to be downloaded to your PC. Making a calendar may be the daunting task without having a suitable structure or design.
Click Install" to choose the template you'd Prefer to utilize. Daily Planner 2018 that you may download from InDesign templates. The templates may easily be personalized, with color-coded events along with other capabilities. The Calendar 2014 template is a simple calendar quite much like the one that you create with a desk. Below you can observe a group of annual calendar 2018 templates that might be used by women and men across the world to earn an acceptable calendar for their requirements. A blank daily calendar template is an amazing bit of a record as it's possible to use it for anything you like.
When you are finished, save the template into your Computer so you are in a position to use that every single time you make a purchase. The Daily template will permit you to understand a day beforehand, a few days ahead of Time, or simply a week in advance when such event is coming up on you. When the Template is ready, you are able to fill in the very important specifics of the business trips For straightforward reference. There is a Wide Variety of travel planner Templates, which you'll have the ability to download and save from Internet. Getting templates. You will download a number of the Best daily planner templates from Our principal website.


text:
Rhopalophora yucatana är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Giesbert och Chemsak 1993. Rhopalophora yucatana ingår i släktet Rhopalophora och familjen långhorningar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhorningar
yucatana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Individuals receiving workers' compensation benefits in Louisiana might have the option to settle their claim for a lump sum, one-time payment. This one-time payment would be in place of all future weekly allowances he or she is set to receive. While an appealing option, many factors must be considered before agreeing to settle your claim.
At DeJean & Leger, LLC, our lawyers have more than a half century of workers' compensation experience. We are here to answer your questions and to discuss your situation. We will provide honest, candid advice on whether settling your claim is in your best interests.
Please schedule a free initial consultation by contacting our Opelousas law office online today. You may also call our firm at 337-418-9918 (toll free at 866-484-8927) to speak directly to a member of our team.
Workers' compensation recipients must take the time to evaluate all of their options before agreeing to a claim settlement. Accepting a settlement could have an impact on your ability to get medical treatment in the future, and the only way to know your best option is to ask a lot of questions while speaking to your doctor and a knowledgeable attorney.
Has your insurance company offered to settle your claim? If so, you might have waited too long.
Will accepting a settlement impact your ability to obtain other benefits, such as Social Security Disability or long-term disability benefits?
What is your outlook for returning to work in some capacity?
What future care do you need and how much will it cost?
Could you receive more by going to a hearing or to trial?
What additional benefits should be included in the settlement?
Our attorneys will take the time to understand your situation and future outlook. Our No. 1 goal is for you to feel confident in the decision you make, knowing that it is the best possible outcome and in your best interests.
Please schedule your free initial consultation by contacting our law office online, or by calling 337-418-9918 (toll free at 866-484-8927).
We will meet you at a convenient location if your injuries prevent you from traveling to our office.


text:
YA is Not Just for Young Adults Anymore: How a YA Class Changed Perspectivesby Rachelle S. Savitz and Donna Confere
What a great guest post to start off 2019! I love that Rachelle Savitz and her graduate student, Donna Confere have taken their time to prepare this post during their break. The post reminds us that there is so much to do with YA adult literature that goes beyond sharing it with preservice teachers and getting it into the hands of adolescents. Take it away.
This past semester, three Clemson doctoral students and I taught an Honors Seminar in which non-education Clemson undergraduate honors students (sophomore through seniors) elected from a list of predetermined options. This course focused on reading and analyzing various social constructs presented within young adult literature (i.e., adolescence, race/ethnicity, and nonconforming sexual orientation or gender.) Students read four required YA novels (House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas, The Good Braider by Terry Farish, and If You Could Be Mine by Sara Farizan) and then chose five additional YA novels from provided lists, focusing on identifying, understanding, and disrupting social constructs. These books were chosen from professional organization reading lists or recommended by literacy experts and English language arts teachers and were organized by lenses to be studied and discussed. For instance, books with LatinX protagonists were organized in a list focusing on LatinX. For the Youth Lens, a list of random young adult literature was provided, while also allowing honors students to choose their own book, as this was the first lens discussed. Doctoral students presented each social construct through a relating lens, through PowerPoints, readings, and discussions based on examples and driving questions. At the end of the semester, students were asked to reflect on why young adult literature is important and valuable as well as books that were influential to their own growth. The following presents four responses from these students.
Edwina Lewis (Sophomore, Bachelor of Science: General Engineering)
Young Adult Literature (YA Lit), covers a wide range much like other classifications of literature. However, YA Lit separates itself as it tends to center around a younger protagonist similar in age to its target audience. Because of this, young adult literature is characterized by how it addresses certain problems and situations that pertain mainly to teenagers. Through class discussion and articles read, I understood YA as having a young protagonist facing issues and concerns relatable to other teenagers. Usually, this leads YA Lit to center around that time of life which typically marks large amounts of change. In the end, Young Adult Literature focuses on what matters to teenagers which can range from small issues present in everyday life to a larger array of social problems present throughout all of society.
Young Adult Literature also proves its importance as it can be used to teach certain morals to younger generations. YA novels can be used to teach social responsibility to students and can be used to discuss moral dilemmas that are present today, which helps validate the point that YA Lit has merit even though it may not be considered a part of the canon. Thus, it becomes necessary for its ability to teach social responsibilities and its relevance to adolescents.
Morgan McManus (Junior, Bachelor of Science: Health Science)
Throughout my semester in the Young Adult Literature course, I learned a lot about the importance of YAL in teaching everybody, not just students, about topics that may be difficult to discuss such as love, racism, and identity. One book that I would recommend is The Radius of Us, by Marie Marquardt which tackles the issue of immigration. The novel focuses on Phoenix who is an immigrant from El Salvador who crossed the border into the US as an 18 year old with his younger brother and sought asylum due to ongoing gang violence in their home country. They are separated, and his brother is traumatized by the journey and separation, so he stops speaking. Phoenix was arrested and had to go to court to be granted a stay in the US, but was denied. He fled the adults who were fostering him because he felt undeserving of the time, energy, and money they would need to invest to appeal the decision. Considering that immigration is such a controversial topic in the US, using this book as a gateway into the discussion would be great for high school and college students.
From this book, I learned that crossing the border and having support of strangers do not ensure a fresh start as there are many personal issues that must be overcome to re-start their lives, and some people must do this while separated from family. Phoenix faced issues such as judgement and stereotyping, especially relating to his prior gang activity, without consideration of how he was forced into the gang as a 13 year-old boy and ran away with his brother as soon as something bad happened (torture of an opposing gang member). Even though the book was fiction, immigrants experience a lot of the same things which I think is important to discuss. I love that YAL has the ability to serve multiple purposes through books that can be read for pleasure or growth, so they foster a love for reading in students and that readers can become more culturally aware through the process.
Chelse VanAtter (Sophomore, Bachelor of Science: General Engineering)
I enjoyed reading young adult literature because it gave me characters I could either relate to or easily learn from. By seeing how characters in young adult literature develop their identities, young adult readers will have a better idea of how to formulate identities of their own. Even if they can't connect to the ethnic, racial, cultural, gender, sexual, or other identities of characters in the literature, readers will learn how to understand people of different backgrounds which is so important for members of society today. Because many conflicts result from misunderstanding or misjudging another person, learning about different viewpoints at a young age will help people be more cultured and more respectful towards people who are different from them. Young adult literature is an important way to help youth think about problems in our society and instill the desire in them to want to change the way things are to make the world a better place.
I gained much more knowledge about different groups of people and the types of issues they face, such as stereotypes and generalizations. I learned a lot about racial and ethnic problems, LGBTQ problems, and adolescent problems in general. I have become more prepared to discuss these issue and conflicts with people after reading our YA books. I have also become more passionate about social justice and change.
The book that was the most important and powerful for me was The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas. This book discussed so many relevant stereotypes and racial and ethnic issues in today's society. It provides different narratives regarding police intentions, good and bad, which is a topic I care a lot about since one of my best friends is the security resource officer from my high school. I really refined my beliefs and values after reading this book and more importantly, I learned how to stand up for my beliefs and values to enact change in society. I would recommend this book to everyone because if we all learn to value equality and share our values, we can reach a society where all people are truly equal.
Tyler Piel (Sophomore, Bachelor of Science: General Engineering)
This semester I have read a good deal of YA lit books for my literature class, and I found them all quite enjoyable. YA lit books have taught me a lot through their characters and my immersion into their stories. One of the books I learned the most from was Nic Stone's Dear Martin. The book tells the story of a young African American boy, Justyce McAllister, learning to cope with racial profiling and social racism by writing journal entries addressed to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Ultimately, this novel provides great insight into the struggles of African American youth, combats social stereotypes, and captures the complexities of learning to grow up in a racist world. From the dynamic role of social class discussions about race to complex social situations, the reader has many opportunities to learn, understand, and empathize with this character as he struggles to endure implications racism and economic inequality have on his life and his aspirations for success. I would highly recommend this book to anyone hoping to learn and better understand the complexities of social racism and the struggles faced by African American youth. It is a great and educational novel through and through.
Dr. Rachelle Savitz
For me, this was a unique experience. Most of the doctoral students were ones that took a Special Topics in Young Adult Literature with me last Spring, so it was nice to see them put their talents to use within this unique classroom setting. It was truly enlightening to see them engage non-education majors in discussions about "taboo" topics. It was also interesting to see the undergraduate students grow, not only through our class purpose of reading and analyzing YA, but personally. For instance, when first introduced to analyzing books through racial and ethnic stereotypes, students were hesitant to open up during discussion. They did not know each other, and they did not know us. As the semester went on, students started asking questions during discussions related to stereotypes, and how novels disrupted generalizations, often through the eyes of characters within the novels. Through their weekly responses, students would comment about not realizing how comments made, either by them or friends, could be misconstrued. In their final reflection, students commented about this being their favorite course. That they had signed up because they thought it may be an easy class or because they liked reading. However, many spoke about how life changing this course was and how they now understood the need to speak up and make changes for a more just and equal society. Although I had worried going in to this course, teaching non-education majors about YA, it was truly a rewarding experience for all involved.
Rachelle S. Savitz (Clemson University, Assistant Professor of Adolescent Literacy) and Donna Confere (Clemson, Doctoral Student)
Rachelle can be reached at: rsavitz@clemson.edu
Until next week.
bid4papers link
This is a good step on making your target market even bigger. I am glad that you are entering 2019 with new riles and regulations. I am just so happy to see that there stories are not just exclusive for Young Adults anymore. I am hoping that the content will be more fun. I understand that every content maker is focused on educating their readers. But please always remember that making it entertaining is an important factor too. That's the thing I am looking forward right now.


text:
Julian Blow to represent Research at CLS in two new roles
Professor Julian Blow has been elected to the College Board representing the School of Research. The College Board advises the University Senate on all matters relating to the organisation of education and research of the College. His period of office will run from now until the 31 July 2013.
Professor Blow was also recently appointed Associate Dean of Research at the College of Life Sciences, taking over from Prof. Kate Storey, Head of the Division of Cell Development and Biology. He will be joining Professors Daan Van Aalten and Paul Crocker as Associate Dean supporting the Dean of Research Professor Mike Ferguson.


text:
Abiy Ahmed faces first vote amid conflict
Ethiopians are voting in key elections amid rising tensions and a bloody conflict in the northern Tigray region.
This pandemic-delayed poll is Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's first electoral test since coming to power in 2018.
He hopes to secure a popular mandate by winning a majority of the federal parliament's 547 seats.
But the vote has been postponed in Tigray, where the army has been fighting a regional force since November.
Voting has also been delayed in about a fifth of the country because of security concerns and logistical problems.
The general election, the first since 2015, was originally slated for August 2020 but was rescheduled because of coronavirus.
Under the initial election timetable, preliminary results from constituencies are to be announced within five days of the election, while final certified results are to be announced within 23 days.
Why are these elections so important?
Abiy came to power in 2018 as the nominee of the then-ruling coalition but he has never faced the electorate.
He rose to the top job on the back of protests against the government dominated by the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and embarked on shaking up the country.
In the last election in 2010, the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) coalition won all 547 seats but Mr Abiy has dissolved the coalition and created a new party – the Prosperity Party – in an attempt to reduce ethnic division. The TPLF, however, did not join.
Abiy will keep his post if the party wins a majority of seats in the national assembly. He says the polls will be "the nation's first attempt at free and fair elections".
His reformist zeal saw him win the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize, but just a year later, he waged a military operation in his own country – deploying troops to Tigray to oust the TPLF as the region's ruling party after it seized military bases in what Mr Abiy saw as a bid to overthrow him.
It resulted in a conflict that has killed thousands of people and has led to mass hunger and reports of a famine in the region.
What does the opposition say?
More than 40 parties have fielded candidates, the National Election Board of Ethiopia says, but most of them are regional parties.
Opposition parties have complained that a government crackdown against their officials has disrupted their plans to prepare for the polls.
Opposition parties in some pivotal regions are boycotting the election.
The Oromo Liberation Front pulled out in March, alleging government intimidation.
The TPLF has been designated a terrorist organisation. Some of its leaders have been arrested, while others are on the run or are continuing to wage a guerrilla war in Tigray.
Previous: Kenya Power unveils customer self-service portal for new connections – KBC
Next: Lobby moves to court seeking to quash degree requirement in 2022 polls
DCI To Charge KPLC Managers Over Outage
Kazi Imekushinda, Wacha Baba Akuonyeshe- Baba Chides Ruto
Siwezi Ingia UDA, Buzeki Tells Off Ruto
Senator Aaron Cheruiyot Links Charity Ngilu To Snake Drama At Kalonzo Event


text:
package ar.edu.itba.paw.models.errors;

public class InvalidCreationOfPastAppointment extends IllegalStateException {
    public static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    public InvalidCreationOfPastAppointment() {
        super();
    }

    public InvalidCreationOfPastAppointment(final String message) {
        super("Creacion no válida de un turno en el pasado");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Three phase contactor (3 poles) of 65A in category AC3 or 80A in category AC1, the contactor is equipped with high strength main contacts, manufactured with 85% silver, which makes it suitable for demanding applications for control of electric motors , heating systems, lighting, ventilation and general use. The contactor is equipped with 2 auxiliary contacts, one open (NO) and one closed (NC). The contactor can be fixed using screws or DIN rail.
Contactor rated current in AC3: 65A.
Maximum contactor power: 3 ~ AC3 230V: 18.5 Kw.
Maximum contactor power: 3 ~ AC3 400V: 30 Kw.
Manufacturer reference: CJX2-6511-M7; CJX2-6511-P7 similar to LC1-D6511-M7; LC1-D6511-P7.


There are times we are rendered mute, when silence is both becoming and unavoidable. The most obvious example (though far from the only one) is 9/11. One shakes one's head in disbelief, in respect, in sorrow. At graveside, the only sound that lingers is the first shovelful of earth as it hits the coffin.
And there are times when we are wise to be silent, silence not as the inability to speak but in keeping with the talmudic dictum, "Wise men, be careful in your words." That is an especially hard lesson to internalize for those of us who live by the sweat of our tongue.
But when to speak, meaning when to speak out, and what to say? For example: How to engage with those who claim American Jews who are critical of Israel's policies must keep their criticism "private," that when they speak out they are "washing Israel's dirty linen in public," "giving aid and comfort to the enemy," that they have not the moral standing to speak out: "How dare you, living in safety in Boston, tell us, in Tel Aviv or Nachal Oz, or Rosh Pinah, how to solve our problems?
These are not always mere ploys designed to discredit the would-be critic. They are often heartfelt responses to the frustrations and anxieties of a suffocating conflict that pounds relentlessly on the Jewish sensibility, on Israelis, and a swath of their supporters outside the Land.
But there is more (much more than can here be argued) to be said. Words of rebuke can be spoken with spite or with love. They can be spoken arrogantly or diffidently. They can be spoken with glee ("gotcha!") or with pain. And they can be spoken by people who have earned the right to be heard by virtue of their personal history, their ongoing connection to the safety and welfare of the Jewish state, or by those who wish Israel ill.
There's this, as well: The governors of Israel are not the governors of the Jewish people. There have been, are, and will be times when Israel, for whatever its raisons d'état, chooses a course of action that is at odds with the considered sentiments of the Jewish people worldwide. We ought listen carefully, even respectfully, to Israel's plea that we stand with them — and then make our own assessment about where the vexing intersection between politics and morality points.
My friend and sometime teacher, Dr. Aryeh Cohen, arguing in these pages last month, asserts that "the prerequisite for intervening when someone else is silent is clean hands." Alas, were that the operative criterion, most of us would be forced to silence. Jimmy Carter, the self-righteous moralist, told us he had "lust in his heart." And we, just about all of us, have dirt of one sort or another on our hands. Clean hands (and a pure heart) are prerequisites for entering heaven, not for participating in earthly affairs.
Leonard Fein, a Boston-based writer, was the founding editor and publisher of Moment magazine, the founder of Mazon: A Jewish Response to Hunger and of the National Jewish Coalition for Literacy. He writes a weekly column in the Forward and a blog for Americans for Peace Now.


Following the report of child sexual abuse, a prosecutor will be assigned to the case by the Office of the District Attorney. The prosecuting attorney's role is to represent the State in the criminal case, with the goal of protecting the community. The presumptive goal is to gain a conviction against the alleged offender (defendant in the case). The prosecutor's interest and involvement is not the victim, the child who was abused. The Victim Services Office collaborates with prosecutors regarding victim injuries and needs and assists and supports the victim in the case of a criminal Trial.
Law Enforcement will provide initial evidence to the prosecutor, who will decide whether there is sufficient cause to move forward with a criminal case. The prosecutor will decide how the case is conducted and whether charges are filed or dismissed.
The prosecutor will direct the case through the criminal justice system. If determined that a probable cause exists, a formal charging instrument, the Information, will be issued, and prosecution continues. A warrant or arrest may occur at this time. An Arraignment is usually scheduled within 72 hours of the an arrest. However, an arrest may be postponed until the Indictment. The prosecutor will authorize charges be made by the local police department and issue a warrant for the offender's arrest.
Is there probable cause to believe that the defendant committed the crime?
If the judge determines that sufficient evidence was found to believe that the defendant committed the crime, it is said that the defendant is "held to answer," and a date is set for an Arraignment. A new pleading is filed with the court, sometimes called an "Information," and the defendant enters a plea at the arraignment date. If the court should find that there is no probable cause, typically the prosecution ceases continued legal proceedings against the defendant. However, many jurisdictions allow the prosecution to seek a new preliminary hearing or even seek a bill of indictment from a Grand Jury. Some jurisdictions have a grand jury which convenes to determine viability of cases to proceed through the criminal justice system. Prosecution will present evidence of probable cause and seek a "true bill of indictment" from the grand jury. The defendant is not usually allowed to have legal representation during a Grand Jury.
The prosecutor determines what charges will be filed against the offender, schedules a court hearing, gathers information from all relevant sources (victim's psychological, interview, and medical reports), and represents the State in prosecuting the offender in a criminal Trial. Some jurisdictions have a special unit assigned to child abuse cases. The assigned prosecutor or representatives of the special unit will attend a Preliminary Hearing for the defendant. The court will determine if sufficient evidence exists to justify the case proceeding to criminal Trial. The conduct of the Preliminary Hearing as well as the specific rules regarding the admissibility of evidence vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
An Early Resolution conference may be scheduled. Prosecutors meet with the defendant's attorney and attempt to negotiate a settlement. The formal investigation process has concluded, offender evaluations have been conducted, and documents shared between attorneys. Both sides of the case have a reasonable idea of the probability of winning or losing with a jury trial. The defendant may be more motivated at this point to accepting a plea bargain. The prosecuting attorney will communicate with the offender's (defendant in this case) attorney. A plea bargain may result, with the offender pleading guilty to lesser charges in order to receive lesser consequences for the crime.


text:
TermsFeed Generators
Terms & Conditions Generator
Cookies Policy Generator
Disclaimer Generator
EULA Generator
Return and Refund Generator
Terms of Service Generator
Terms of Use Generator
GDPR for Business
Our easy-to-read guide will help your business understand and navigate what it takes to be compliant with the GDPR.
Privacy Policy for Australia
In 2014, the Enhancing Privacy Protection Act (Privacy Act) marked substantial changes to the existing privacy laws in Australia.
If your business is operating from Australia, learn the best practices that you need to implement for your Privacy Policy.
1. Privacy Act of Australia
1.1. Principles from the Privacy Act
2. How to comply
3. Examples of Australia Privacy Policy
Privacy Act of Australia
The Privacy Act incorporates 13 Privacy Principles that dictates how personal information must be handled by covered organizations.
What is a covered organization as defined by Australia Privacy Act? A covered organization is any company, of any size, with an annual gross income of more than $3,000,000.
These kind of companies are subject to the Privacy Act and its regulations. However, businesses whose income is less than that might still be covered by one of the exceptions outlined in the Act:
A business that discloses personal information about another individual to anyone else for benefit, service or advantage is covered.
A business that provides a benefit, service or advantage so that they may collect other individuals' personal information is covered.
A mobile application that does not gross more than $3,000,000/year, but requires an email address for activation of an account or use of mobile app is not covered.
However, if a mobile app developer decides to start selling the email addresses that his application has been collecting to advertisers, then the Privacy Act would cover them.
Additionally, certain kinds of special organizations, such as health care providers and so on, are covered by the Privacy Act.
As a business, you can still choose to opt-in and be covered by the Act. If any business would otherwise not be covered, the business can petition to be covered to assure users that the business is committed to privacy.
Many small businesses (including general website owners and independent mobile app developers) will not be covered by the Australia Privacy Act, but still, might find some benefit in voluntarily choosing to be covered.
Even if you are or not covered by Act, you must consider implementing Privacy by Design techniques to have better privacy practices and maintain high standards of compliance with the Act's Privacy Principles.
Your Privacy Policy should be available to users regardless if your business must comply with the Privacy Act or not.
Through the "Privacy by Design" technique, you should strive to build the protection of collected personal information right within your systems, from the start, in order to comply with current data protection principles.
This could be achieved by improving the practices at any steps you're collecting personal data: collection, use (including data matching, targeted advertising, and analytics), disclosure to third parties, storage, and destruction. Use this information when drafting your legal agreement.
This is important. As mobile apps and Internet of Things apps (IoT) continue to increase in usage, regulation and scrutiny over data protection will also increase.
By implementing better technique and paying attention to what personal information you're collecting and how your business will be able to remain compliant.
Principles from the Privacy Act
If a business is covered by the Privacy Act and must adhere to the Australian Privacy Principles, they are considered a "covered entity" for the purposes of the law.
Each Principle covers a different aspect of privacy protection, some being more critical than others.
Privacy Principle 1
Principle 1 wants to ensure that entities (businesses, developers, etc.) managing any kind of collected personal information are doing it in an open and transparent manner.
This requires that the business takes all reasonable steps to ensure its compliance with the Australian Privacy Principles.
The very first step to do this is having a clearly expressed and up-to-date Privacy Policy.
It must contain specific information including the kinds of personal information are collected, how the information is collected, how the information is used, how an individual may complain about a breach of a Privacy Principle, and information regarding disclosure of private information overseas (outside Australia.)
And it must be available in an appropriate form and free to the user to read and find.
Campaign Monitor, a business based in Australia, has a clear and up-to-date Privacy Policy that informs users (clients using Campaign Monitor) about what personal information is being collected, how and why:
Principle 2 states that covered entities must provide an anonymity or pseudo-anonymity option to individuals in interactions that would involve disclosure of personal information.
However, exceptions exist to this.
If you're developing a website or mobile app where users can create content, consider providing an anonymity and pseudo-anonymity option.
Principle 3 details how covered entities interact with personal information.
For example, the covered entity must only collect personal information when it's reasonably necessary or it's directly related to the entity's business.
If the information is deemed to be sensitive, the covered entity must obtain meaningful consent first.
You may only collect personal information by lawful and fair means.
Pin Payments, based in Australia, details in their Privacy Policy that they are not selling or renting customers' personal information to marketers or third parties.
It reads:
Southern Payment Systems does not sell or rent you or your customers personal information to marketers or third parties.
Principle 4 lays out how entities must deal with unsolicited personal information.
Any information received, which was not solicited, must be dealt with according to certain guidelines.
Within a reasonable amount of time, the covered entity must determine if the unsolicited personal information they've received could have been collected under the Privacy Principle 3.
If the information couldn't have been collected as outlined in Principle 3, the entity should destroy or de-identify the personal information within a reasonable amount of time.
Principle 5 covers the notion of notification of collection of personal information.
A covered entity must take reasonable steps to notify users of certain aspects of the information that are being used and collected.
Do this through an up-to-date Privacy Policy and always make sure the links to your legal agreements are visible:
Pinterest provides notification that their Privacy Policy would be updated through a visible notification bar on their website:
Principle 6 provides guidelines for using or disclosing personal information on behalf of the covered entity.
For example, private information that has been collected shouldn't be shared unless the individual has meaningfully consented or certain exceptions apply.
Similar to Privacy Principle 5, make sure your Privacy Policy is up-to-date: notify users if certain types of personal information collected from them are shared with third parties.
Issue, from Australia, mentions in their Privacy Policy that personal information from registered users may be shared with third-parties that would like to advertise to them:
We may disclose personally identifiable information to third parties whose practices are not covered by this privacy statement (e.g., other marketers, magazine publishers, retailers, participatory databases, and non-profit organizations) that want to market products or services to you. If a Issue Network site shares personally identifiable information, it will provide you with an opportunity to opt out or block such uses either at the point of submission of your personally identifiable information or prior to any such disclosure.
Issue App
Principle 7 describes that personal information should not be disclosed for the purpose of direct marketing (subject to certain exceptions.)
This Principle spells out the subtle nuances of when and how personal information may be shared for direct marketing.
You should read thoroughly before you attempt to use personal information for ads or targeted marketing.
Principle 8 wants to ensure that when a covered entity is dealing in a cross-border (outside Australia) disclosure of personal information, that they take all steps reasonable under the circumstances to not breach the Principles and the provisions of the Privacy Act.
Principle 9 outlines the adoption, use, and disclosure of government related identifiers.
Privacy Principle 10
Principle 10 simply states that the quality of personal information must be up to date.
Specifically, the covered entity must take reasonable steps to ensure that the information collected is accurate, thorough and up to date.
Liquid State (based in Australia) wants to ensure users that users' privacy is important in their Privacy Policy:
Principle 11 details the security precautions that covered entities must adhere to in order to remain in compliance.
Personal information must be protected from misuse, interference, loss, and unauthorized access, use and disclosure.
When the personal information is no longer needed for the purpose it was collected for, that information must be destroyed in a reasonable manner.
Principle 12 states that if a covered entity has private information about an individual, then if requested, the entity must give the individual access to the information.
Specific exceptions to this are laid out.
Finally, Principle 13 covers the correction of personal information.
If a user notifies the covered entity that the information they have stored from that user is incorrect or the covered entity discovers an error through some other reasonable means, then the covered entity must take corrective action.
If a user asks to update their personal information (if they can't do this themselves,) you must update that information.
Breaching these 13 Privacy Principles could have consequences, such as: redesigning the functions of your website or mobile application to better protect personal information, having to financially compensate affected users and possible civil penalties, updating your Privacy Policy and/or privacy practices and so on.
Online businesses operating from Australia must be very certain that they are complying with the Australian Privacy Act.
It's important to maintain your compliance with Australia's Privacy Act.
Here's a quick checklist that might help you:
Delegate a person to maintain and review your privacy protection safeguards and keep these practices up-to-date.
That delegated person should develop and implement privacy practices and procedures that adhere to the Australia's Privacy Act and Principles and enable enquiries to be dealt with in a timely fashion.
Ensure third party compliance: contracts should be used when dealing with other companies and parties in regards to users' personal information that you're collecting.
Be open and transparent. Your Privacy Policy should inform users what your website/mobile app collects and does with their personal information.
The Privacy Policy should be easily visible by users.
Meaningful consent should be obtained at the appropriate time and in an acceptable manner.
Have a system in place to overcome the small screen challenge, if your business also operates a mobile app (iOS, Android, Windows)
Provide notice and get consent at the point of download, in the case of apps.
If you've published your mobile app in an App Store, such as Apple App Store or Google Play, make sure you link your Privacy Policy:
Explain users how their private information is being handled and used at multiple steps in your website/mobile app to ensure that their consent is significant.
Only collect what's actually needed for your website/mobile app to operate.
Don't mine for data or collect information that might be useful at some future point, but it's currently not.
Allow users to opt-out of their personal information being collected, if possible.
Secure the information you get from users.
Delete data when it's no longer needed for its purpose.
Establish appropriate safeguards that will protect the collected personal information.
Use encryption when storing or transferring any data.
As mentioned at Privacy Principle 1, if a business is covered by the Privacy Act then the business must have an acceptable "Privacy Policy" agreement.
Don't copy the words of the Principles from the Act, but have a Privacy Policy that is specific to your business.
But what is personal information as defined by Australia's Privacy Act?
By law, it's any information about an identified individual or an individual who is reasonably identifiable regardless whether the information is true or false or if it's recorded.
a person's name
Mobile applications also provide another list of examples:
location information (geolocation)
any facial or voice recognition
biometrics data
All these examples could be used to reasonably identify a person.
Drafting a good Privacy Policy could be viewed in 3 stages - regardless if it's a website, mobile app, desktop app or any other.
First stage: Collection of information.
In your agreement, you should detail the following: what personal information you collect, and how they do that, the reasons for which you maintain that information, and whether that information is disclosed to parties outside Australia.
This information is key to fulfilling certain Australian Privacy Principles such as #1, #12 and #13.
Second stage: What's important to a user.
Your Privacy Policy should also be focused on areas of private information that users might be more inclined to have concerns over, may be unaware of, or wouldn't reasonably expect.
Include descriptions about how the information is disclosed and if it's disclosed overseas (outside Australia.)
Also include a section regarding each individual's rights, particularly how individuals may access or correct their personal information and make complaints or ask questions.
Consider these tips as well:
The page where your agreement will be posted should including headings to help facilitate finding any information more easily.
Consider how your audience will be accessing the page.
If your users are more likely to view the agreement on their mobile device, implement ways for users to be able to download your Privacy Policy or have it emailed to them or navigate through a privacy section dashboard.
Apple gives users the option to receive Apple's Privacy Policy via email:
Only information that's related to personal information should be included in a Privacy Policy.
Agreements not related to personal information should have their own separate pages, e.g. Terms and Conditions, Cookies Policy.
Third stage: Make your Privacy Policy available.
You're required to have this agreement freely available and in an appropriate form (such as on the mobile application itself.)
An additional requirement is that the agreement should be reasonably available in whatever form it's requested. For users who might have disabilities, and if your website or mobile app has users with disabilities, take this into account.
The agreement should be regularly reviewed and updated appropriately to correspond with the nature of your business and how your business model evolves.
Examples of Australia Privacy Policy
The Privacy Act 1988 and 13 Privacy Principles may seem complicated to stay compliant with, but by making sure your business follows each of the Principles in practice, and by creating a Privacy Policy that lets users know how your business is handling the privacy of their personal information, you'll be compliant quickly and easily.
Here are a few examples of different AU business websites and their Privacy Policies that demonstrate Privacy Act 1988 compliance of both the website and business practices.
The Privacy Policy of KPMG makes mention in the very first sentence that KPMG is committed to treating personal information they collect in accordance with the Privacy Principles and the Privacy Act 1988.
This is a very common way that businesses in Australia start their introduction into their Privacy Policies in a way that lets a reader know that the business is compliant with the Privacy Act or the 13 Principles.
Energy Australia Privacy Policy
The Privacy Policy of Energy Australia has as their second sentence a notice that they're committed to respecting privacy and protecting personal information in accordance with the Privacy Act 1988.
This embodies the idea of the Privacy Act and Principles - that personal information needs to be collected only in certain ways and then must be stored and protected to a high standard.
Computershare Australia
The Computershare Australia website has nine different Privacy Policies that cover a range of different areas of the company.
Its Australian Web Privacy Policy page is where Australian law is referenced and addressed.
Computershare states that they are "required to comply with the Australian Privacy Principles contained in the Privacy Act 1988." This is different from the way that the previous two examples phrased this in that it explicitly mentions that the business is "required to comply" with the Act.
National Diabetes Service Scheme of Australia
The National Diabetes Service Scheme of Australia takes an approach with their introduction that's somewhere in the middle of the previous examples.
NDSS states in the first sentence of its Privacy Policy page that "Diabetes Australia is covered by the Privacy Act 1988." The second paragraph in this introduction section defines for readers what "personal information" is, which is very helpful and useful for readers.
Many Privacy Policy agreements include a navigable table of contents or list of sections so users can click on a specific section and be taken directly there. This is also a good way to allow users to scan headings to see what topics are covered.
Dividing sections of this kind of legal agreement into sections that match up with requirements of the 13 Privacy Principles is an easy way to organize your agreements and make sure you stay compliant.
The KPMG's Privacy Policy mentioned above has a navigable list of sections at the top. Note that a lot of the sections match up with different Principles:
Computershare Australia takes the approach of combining multiple sections into one. Their first section after the introduction - Information Collection, Use and Disclosure - deals with all three topics. Users can find information here on what information is collected, how this information is used, and in what circumstances and how this information is disclosed to third parties.
Both approaches work fine, so long as the required information is there for users to access.
The NDSS website takes a third approach and divides each topic up into smaller sections. There's a separate section for Security of your information, Use of your information, and Disclosure of your information. This breakdown of topics makes it easy for a user to find a specific section and information quickly and easily.
As you've noticed, using paragraphs is a common way to construct a Privacy Policy. However, don't disregard the effectiveness of concise bullet-points when it comes to conveying information.
Penguin Australia
The Privacy Policy of Penguin Australia uses bullet points to list out the information required by the Privacy Act and Principles, including how personal information is used, and how it is disclosed.
As long as your Privacy Policy agreement touches on all of the required components of the Privacy Act 1988 and the 13 Privacy Principles, the format isn't so important. Focus on readability and accessibility.
Energy Australia puts its main privacy points into question format and makes sure to cover all bases of being compliant, including how a user can correct and access personal information, as seen below.
There's flexibility in the format of your legal pages.
However, if you're required to have one under the Privacy Act 1988, and must comply with the 13 Privacy Principles, there's certain information that you must include in your Privacy Policy.
Make sure your Privacy Policy addresses all of the points you must convey to your users and is a clear and accurate reflection of the way you collect, store, handle, protect, use and disclose personal information of your users.
The other guides: for United States, for Europe or for Canada
This article is not a substitute for professional legal advice. This article does not create an attorney-client relationship, nor is it a solicitation to offer legal advice.
More legal articles from TermsFeed
Privacy Policy for Google Analytics
If your website or mobile app uses Google Analytics, you definitely need to have a Privacy Policy. Google Analytics stores cookies...
Legal Agreements for Affiliate Marketing
Affiliate marketing is one of the most effective and accessible ways to grow your business. With the voice of several...
Examples of "I Agree to" Checkboxes
Chances are your website, your mobile app or your desktop app has some legal agreements in place, such as a...
Download Free Templates
Privacy Policy Template
CCPA Privacy Policy Template
GDPR Privacy Policy Template
Terms & Conditions Template
End-User License (EULA) Template
Terms of Service Template
Disclaimer Template
Cookies Policy Template
Terms of Use Template
Return and Refund Template
Disclaimer: Legal information is not legal advice, read the disclaimer.
TermsFeed © 2012 - 2020
Hi there! Did you know that you can generate a Privacy Policy and a Terms & Conditions with TermsFeed absolutely for free?
Privacy Policy Generator Terms & Conditions Generator EULA Generator Return and Refund Generator Cookies Policy Generator Disclaimer Generator


text:
#include "_Stdio.h"

long ftell(FILE *stream) {

    return ftello(stream);
}