text:
September 20, 2001-Couple Sues Doctor For 'Mistakenly' Removing Her Cervix
Lynn and Dean Jaramillo allege that Dr. James Edwin Ramsey, of Orange Coast Women's Medical Group in Laguna Hills, mistakenly took out Lynn's cervix in March 2000 when she went in to have two fibroids removed from her uterus. Fibroids are usually benign tumors that commonly grow on the uterine wall. "This was an amputation," said Holly McGregor, an attorney for the Jaramillos.
Ironically, Ramsey, a 30-year veteran who has a clean record with the Medical Board of California, had recommended removing the fibroids because they could interfere with a pregnancy. "All of our neighbors are pregnant," Lynn Jamarillo said. "I always wanted children. You never get over something like this. Part of me is still in denial." Ramsey, who graduated from Loma Linda School of Medicine in 1970, did not return a call Tuesday.
The state medical board has requested medical records from Ramsey to probe the charges, said Robert A. Mosier, an attorney for the Jaramillos. The medical board does not comment on possible investigations, said board spokeswoman Candice Cohen. Ramsey's license is current and his public record is unblemished. A doctor's public record can include any formal accusations of wrongdoing made by the board, disciplinary action taken for such things as substance abuse, any felony convictions, and any malpractice judgments or arbitration awards.
Jaramillo went to Ramsey, her gynecologist of 10 years, in early 2000 for increased vaginal bleeding. She told him that she and Dean would be marrying in June, and they planned to have children. Dean Jamarillo has a son, Aaron, 15, from a previous marriage.
She took Ramsey's advice to have the two fibroids removed. At age 35, she didn't want to wait any longer to have kids. But the lawsuit said that during surgery on March 3, 2000, instead of removing both fibroids, Ramsey sliced out one and then excavated her entire cervix, apparently mistaking it for the other fibroid.
After surgery, Ramsey told Lynn Jaramillo that he had to remove "a small bit of the cervix," but it was "no problem" and once she became pregnant, the small defect would only require a "stitch or two," according to the lawsuit. At this point, Jaramillo had no reason to doubt Ramsey's word. "I totally trusted him," she said. A month later, Jaramillio reported severe abdominal pain, according to the suit, and Ramsey recommended a hysterectomy after discovering some cysts.
He also noticed that one of the fibroids he originally was supposed to remove still was there, the lawsuit alleges. The suit accuses Ramsey of attempting to cover up his mistake. A hysterectomy would wipe out evidence that Jaramillo's cervix had been removed. Jaramillo declined to have a hysterectomy. She did, however, go through with surgery to remove the cysts, in June 2000. After going to two other doctors for second opinions, she had a third operation, to remove another fibroid this time using another doctor.
Things were looking good, until another doctor Jamarillo went to for reconstructive work in January told her cervix was missing. The news was devastating. With a total of four surgeries behind her including her latest, a hysterectomy, in February Lynn Jaramillo said she feels physically fine, but her emotional state still is fragile. "There is no dollar amount you can put on someone's emotions," she said. Medical malpractice lawsuits are limited to $250,000 for pain and suffering, but the Jaramillos also are alleging assault and fraud, which don't fall under the limit, Mosier said. It's not about the money, Lynn Jamarillo insists. "I would hate for this to happen to someone else," she said.
If you or a loved one has been injured as a result of possible medical malpractice, call now at or CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT A SIMPLE CASE FORM. The initial consultation is free of charge, and if we agree to accept your case, we will work on a contingent fee basis, which means we get paid for our services only if there is a monetary award or recovery of funds. Don't delay! You may have a valid claim and be entitled to compensation for your injuries, but a lawsuit must be filed before the statute of limitations expires.


This enzyme, along with EC 4.2.3.118, 2-methylisoborneol synthase, produces 2-methylisoborneol, an odiferous compound produced by soil microorganisms with a strong earthy/musty odour.
Biochemistry and molecular genetics of the biosynthesis of the earthy odorant methylisoborneol in Streptomyces coelicolor.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of a methyltransferase involved in 2-methylisoborneol biosynthesis in Streptomyces lasaliensis.
Identification and functional analysis of genes controlling biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol.
Biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol in cyanobacteria.


A friend of my family works relatively high up in pharmaceuticals in Australia and advised my grandmother with non-hodgkin lymphoma AGAINST chemotherapy treatment even though all of her doctors told her to do it.
She died on her 3rd round of chemo (from the treatment, not the cancer), but we all strongly believe she would've lived longer without that treatment. Not to mention her treatment and accommodation between cycles set us back thousands and thousands of dollars.
Saying good-bye to a dying loved one is not saying good-bye to the memories.


Today I took the next tentative steps into the part of my coaching journey. As I mentioned before in December I became the coaching lead for the NHS trust I work for. This involves developing a coaching and mentoring network throughout the organisation. This has taken me out of my comfort zone on a number of occasions, which has been wonderful if not a little scary. I feel that I have grown over the past year and months and coaching and clinical supervision have become a integral part of my professional and personal life.
As you realise I have a passion for coaching and I feel at home sat with someone having a coaching conversation or raising the awareness of a group of people about the ask/tell continuum. What I feel out of my depth with is the strategic element of integrating coaching and mentoring into the fabric of the organisation. It just seems to big for someone like me to handle. So I asked myself a couple of weeks ago, what could happen if I became the sort of person that could tackle such a big job. What would I need to do? What tools would I need? What attitude would I need?
Well I started answering those questions and today I started on that journey to being that type of person. I looked into a course that would help me raise my strategic awareness and provide me with some tools and courage to tackle such weighty high brow issues. And I found one, I secured the funding and applied. Today I was accepted onto the course. I can start at the beginning of next month.
I am doing it! Someone like me is doing it!
If you know me you know that 'people like me don't do things like that' is my stock self limiting statement.
So I am doing it, I made myself vulnerable, I am scared I will fail and fall flat on my face but I started it. I am going to brave the arena so wish me luck.


text:
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012 Nov 26;9(1):105. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-105.
Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice.
Axling U#1, Olsson C#2, Xu J2, Fernandez C1, Larsson S1, Ström K1,3, Ahrné S2, Holm C1, Molin G#2, Berger K#1.
Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Section of Food Hygiene, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Present address: Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously.
C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis.
Mice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model.
Green tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
10.1186/1743-7075-9-105
Quantification (PCR-copies) of Lactobacillus in small intestinal tissue after 22 weeks. Significant differences were reached for Lactobacillus between the control group and the Lp + GT group (p = 0.002), and between the groups receiving GT and Lp + GT (p = 0.04). Ctrl = high fat control diet (HFD), Lp = HFD + L. plantarum in the drinking water, GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder, Lp + GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder and L. plantarum in the drinking water.
Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012;9:105-105.
Bacterial diversity in the small intestine after 22 weeks. The data is based on T-RFLP-profiles and Msp1 digestion. The area of each peak, expressed as the proportion of the total area, was used for calculation of the Shannon diversity index. Control vs. Lp + GT (p = 0.008), GT vs. Lp + GT (p = 0.04).
Decreased adiposity in mice fed a diet supplemented with green tea. (A) Weekly body weight registration during the 22 week study. (B) Average energy intake calculated as KJ/mouse/day. (C) Relative body fat content (%) recorded using DEXA scan technique at week 0, 5, 11 and 22. (D) Lean body mass measured with DEXA at 0, 5, 11 and 22 weeks. (E) Periovarian white adipose tissue weight and (F) plasma leptin concentration after 22 weeks on the different diets. Ctrl = high fat control diet (HFD), Lp = HFD + L. plantarum in the drinking water, GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder, Lp + GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder and L. plantarum in the drinking water. Data are means ± SEM n = 21 at 11 weeks and n = 9–11 at 22 weeks. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Altered glucose and insulin tolerance by supplementing the diet with green tea. (A) Plasma glucose and (B) insulin concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test performed at week 8. Mean values and SEM for 11 mice in each group. (C) Plasma glucose expressed as % of basal after an intraperitoneal injection of insulin at week 15. Mean values and SEM for 9–11 mice in each group. No differences were detected between any of the four groups. The areas under the curves (AUC) are shown in the insets (D) HOMA-IR index at week 22. The index was calculated by multiplying fasting glucose (mM) and fasting insulin (μU/ml) divided by 22.5. Ctrl = high fat control diet (HFD), Lp = HFD + L. plantarum in the drinking water, GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder, Lp + GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder and L. plantarum in the drinking water. Data are means ± SEM for 9–11 mice/group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Improved liver phenotype in mice fed a diet supplemented with green tea. Liver weights after 11 (A) and 22 (B) weeks on the different diets. Triacylglycerol (TAG) content in liver after 11 (C) and 22 (D) weeks, respectively. The concentration of the liver enzyme ALT measured in plasma after 11 (E) and 22 (F) weeks. Ctrl = high fat control diet (HFD), Lp = HFD + L. plantarum in the drinking water, GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder, Lp + GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder and L. plantarum in the drinking water. Data are means ± SEM for n = 21 at 11 weeks and n = 9–11 at 22 weeks. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Decreased lipogenic gene expression in liver of mice fed a diet supplemented with green tea. Hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulatory-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c, A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ, B), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC, C) and fatty acid synthase (FAS, D) was quantified with real-time PCR after 22 weeks of the different diets. Ctrl = high fat control diet (HFD), Lp = HFD + L. plantarum in the drinking water, GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder, Lp + GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder and L. plantarum in the drinking water. Data are means ± SEM. n = 9–11 at 22 weeks. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Altered cholesterol homeostasis in mice fed a diet supplemented with green tea andLactobacillus plantarum. Total cholesterol content in liver after 11 (A) and 22 (B) weeks on the different diets. Hepatic mRNA expression of hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR, C and D) and sterol regulatory-binding protein 2 (SREBP2, E and F) after 11 and 22 weeks respectively. Ctrl = high fat control diet (HFD), Lp = HFD + L. plantarum in the drinking water, GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder, Lp + GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder and L. plantarum in the drinking water. Data are means ± SEM. n = 21 at 11 weeks and n = 9–11 at 22 weeks. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Decreased inflammatory markers in mice fed a combination of green tea andLactobacillus plantarum. The inflammatory marker PAI-1 was analyzed in plasma after 11 (A) and 22 (B) weeks using Luminex Technology. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze the liver mRNA expression of the inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1, C and D) and tumor necrosing factor α (TNF-α, E and F) after 11 and 22 weeks of the study. Spleen masses were analyzed as a reflection of inflammatory activity (G and H). Ctrl = high fat control diet (HFD), Lp = HFD + L. plantarum in the drinking water, GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder, Lp + GT = HFD supplemented with 4% green tea powder and L. plantarum in the drinking water. Data are means ± SEM. n = 21 at 11 weeks and n = 9–11 at 22 weeks. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
PLS plot of the intestinal microbiota and analyzed parameters of individual mice at 22 weeks. Projections to latent structures (PLS) loadings biplot of the microbiota (T-RFs of the T-RFLP profile) and the physiological parameters (A through Q) of the individual mice in the small intestine (A) and caecum (B). For the small intestine PC1 explained 25.6% and PC2 15.6% of the variation. For caecum the PC1 explained 26.4% and PC2 16.4% of the variation. Blue open circle represents mice in the control group (Ctrl); orange open triangle for the group supplemented with L. plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp); green dot for the group supplemented green tea (GT); red triangle for the group supplemented L. plantarum DSM 15313 and green tea (Lp + GT). Letters denote metabolic parameters, A, body weight; B, body fat content; C, periovarian white adipose tissue; D, liver weight; E, spleen weight; F, caecum weight; G, liver cholesterol; H, liver TAG; I, plasma ALT; J, plasma cholesterol; K, plasma insulin; L, plasma glucose; M, plasma leptin; N, PPARα mRNA; O, PPARγ mRNA; P, CD36 mRNA; Q, SR-B1 mRNA. Symbol X denotes T-RFs. T-RFs having the biggest influence on the model are marked by numbers indicating the fragment size.
SILVA SSU Database - SILVA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home| See & do| Shopping| High street shopping
High street shopping in Glasgow
Glasgow city centre is well known for shopping. Expect flagship stores, impressive shopping centres and designer favourites all within an easily walkable area.
Buchanan Street is Glasgow's main pedestrianised shopping area lined with all the big names you'd expect from the great British high street including, the original House of Fraser department store – founded in Glasgow in 1849. Other top names to line the street include Apple, AllSaints and Nike.
Buchanan Street also connects Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street, which offer big brand names too.
View this post on Instagram A post shared by Pete Gilpin Photography (@pgilpinphoto)
Argyll Arcade is one of Europe's oldest covered shopping arcades and is now home to a stunning selection of over 30 jewellers and diamond merchants, including Laings, Omega and ROX. Visit the Argyll Arcade website to find out more.
View this post on Instagram A post shared by RM (@rossco1975)
Royal Exchange Square, known for its Instagram-worthy canopy of pretty lights, is also home to a small selection of boutique stores like Sweaty Betty and Glasgow fashion brand Forty Clothing.
Head to Ingram Street for top designer stores. Mulberry, Ralph Lauren, Bravissimo and Emporio Armani are some of the classic brands you'll find.
Buchanan Galleries sits proudly at the top of Buchanan Street and is home to over 80 big brand names including, John Lewis, the LEGO Store, Victoria's Secret and The Whisky Shop. Head to Buchanan Galleries website to find out more.
St Enoch Centre is located at the bottom end of Buchanan Street and is best for a family-friendly shopping experience, being home to Scotland's flagship Hamleys toy store and a brand new Vue Cinema. Check out what else there is at the St Enoch Centre website.
Princes Square is a speciality shopping mall filled with independent boutiques and famous brands including, COS, Kurt Geiger and Kate Spade New York. It's also home to a selection of great bars and restaurants, as well as the boutique Everyman Cinema. See the full list of stores at princessquare.co.uk.
Independent shopping


Culture is an intrinsic part of life. Not getting in touch with it leaves us without a sense of national identity. Learning more about Filipino history and way of life shows us the factors that mold our country. Not only does it link us to our heritage, it also imparts the lessons of our national past.
Art is the gateway that connects us to our culture. Visit museums, art galleries, and churches to see works of art made by our great masters. The passion for their craft lets us view the world through their eyes. Juan Luna, for example, exhibits nationalism in many of his paintings. This shows in his most famous work, Spoliarium. Although it depicts the bloody bodies of slave gladiators fallen in battle, Jose Rizal says the grand painting symbolizes the social, moral, and political life of the Philippines in their era.
You'll also feel intrigued about our history in the way Luna presented El Pacto de Sangre. Luna's rendition of the blood compact between Datu Sikatuna and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi invites different interpretations. In the painting, Datu Sikatuna's back was turned while you'll see the faces of all the Spaniards. The feel of the image is rather dark and stiff with a tension between the figures.
One of the most important artists, Amorsolo earned his great reputation in portraits and paintings of the Philippine countryside. After earning a degree from the Liceo de Manila in 1909, he ventured into further studies at the University of the Philippines' School of Fine Arts.
Women and landscapes are the main subjects of Amorsolo's paintings. His pastoral works featuring Filipino customs, occupations, and feasts show impressionist influence. One trademark you'll see from his paintings is chiaroscuro, which involves using strong contrasts between light and dark colors.
Well known for his great murals, Botong Francisco is one of the modern Filipino painters who first broke away from Amorsolo's romanticist way of painting. Francisco practice linear painting and is famous for his historical works. He created the First Mass at Limasawa and The Martyrdom of Rizal, to name a few.
You'll see one of his most celebrated murals at the National Museum. The four-panel painting is a series that Francisco dubbed as The Progress of Medicine in the Philippines.
A graduate of the School of Fine Arts at the University of the Philippines, Vicente Manansala received a grant from UNESCO. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Canada, then transferred to Paris to master his craft. Manansala specializes in cubism, and developed a transparent abstract technique. This superimposed the tones and patterns of the figures and backgrounds of his paintings.
Manansala's works are entrenched in bringing the culture of the barrio and the city together. His Mother and Child painting features cubist techniques and shows a woman nursing her baby. His vision of the city would influence future painters taking up the urban scene.
These artists are just some of the masters using art to express not just themselves, but also their love of country. Some use the play of light and dark colors to display different strains of emotion, from the realistic to the abstract. The local scenes they create depict our lives, our culture set on canvas.
Check out the many galleries around the metro to see works by our contemporary painters and see how reality shapes their views of the world.


This Note will examine the rise and fall of denationalization in the United States and argue that Section 501 of Patriot Act II, which seeks to revive denationalization by amending the Immigration and Nationality Act, will be unconstitutional if passed by Congress in its present form. Part II of this Note will examine the history of denationalization in the United States. Part Ill explores in detail the proposed amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act in Section 501 of Patriot Act II that provide for a revival of denationalization. This section also discusses the potential for abuses that may result if this legislation is enacted, as suggested by several critics of Patriot Act II, including the use of denationalization against citizens who are members of groups that express unpopular political views or even using denationalization as a way to detain individuals indefinitely once they have lost their rights as citizens. Part IV discusses why Patriot Act II is an unconstitutional attempt to strip Americans of their citizenship, rather than a way to protect our country from terrorism. This section focuses on the constitutional protections provided for citizenship by the Fourteenth Amendment, and emphasizes Patriot Act II's attempt to overcome these protections through eliminating the government's burden to prove a citizen's intent to renounce citizenship by a preponderance of evidence. Part IV also analyzes Section 501 of Patriot Act II's use of denationalization as a punishment which has been held unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment. In conclusion, this Note recommends that if presented with Patriot Act II, Congress should reject this proposed legislation because of its unconstitutional attempt to revive denationalization.


text:
Q: how to enable touchStart on touch screens I am creating a web interface for touch based screens . everything is fine
but I am having a problem with touchStart  event .
when i click the button the action starts , but i want the button to change color before it goes to the action .
I tried to use many method but it doesn't work .
 below are some of the methods i have used
 window.addEventListener('load', function(){

    document.body.addEventListener('touchstart', function(e){
        alert(e.changedTouches[0].pageX)
    }, false)
}, false)

and this
    $(document).bind('touchstart', function() {
        $(this).css("background-color", "black");
});

and this
$(document).ready(function() {
    $('.hover').bind('touchstart touchend', function(e) {
        e.preventDefault();
        $(this).toggleClass('hover_effect');
    });
});

but none of those methods worked .
any idea ?? is there anything missing in the library or something ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
«I Take What I Want» —en español: Tomo lo que quiero— es una canción de del duo de soul Sam & Dave y que ha sido versionada por diferentes artistas.

Versiones
The Artwoods: Art Gallery (1966)
Cliff Bennett: Branches Out (1968)
Aretha Franklin: Aretha now (1968)
Ann Peebles: Straight From The Heart (1972)
Rory Gallagher: Against the Grain (1975)
Tinsley Ellis: Moment of Truth (2007)

Versión de Rory Gallagher

Fue incluida en su quinto álbum de estudio Against the Grain, lanzado en 1975.

Músicos
 Rory Gallagher: voz y guitarra eléctrica
 Gerry McAvoy: bajo
 Lou Martin: teclados
 Rod de'Ath: batería

Referencias

Sencillos de 1976

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


THE chairman of a community centre saved from the chop says it will have a bright future - but only if Bollington rallies behind it.
A year-long fight to keep the Ovenhouse Lane Centre culminated in a trust being formed last November by people keen to see the valuable community resource - used mainly by the elderly and social services - remain open.
Already several groups, including the Bingo Club and Flower Club, are celebrating the fact that their home has been saved, although the rent has increased.
The centre's chairman Pat Haddleton said: "The future is very bright, but it's important to get it kicked off to a good start.
"We need to bear in mind the users' needs, and get more people to hire it.
"If it's not used, we will lose it."
Pat Haddleton said she wanted it to be managed by the community.
She also thanked Jessie Beard and Macclesfield Borough Council officers Graham Dodgson and Graham Glover for the amount of time and effort they had put in to saving the centre.
It had run into difficulties after the borough council decided to offload it.
But Bollington's Mayor Councillor Sylvia Roberts expressed fears at a town council meeting that councillors had been ignored, even though they had consistently fought to keep it open.
The chairman said the trust was to be made up of users and residents, not councillors.
But she added: "There's nothing to stop a councillor joining the trust as an interested local resident.
"So long as they give the time and effort, we would be more than happy to have them on board."
The chairman said regular meetings would be held with a view to taking on the centre's lease on a peppercorn rate.
Anyone who wants information from Pat about hiring the centre or managing it, please call 01625 575557.


text:
Manhunt underway after Fox Lake police officer fatally shot
FOX 32's Larry Yellen contributed to this report.
FOX LAKE, Ill. (AP / STMW) -- Police in helicopters, with dogs and armed with rifles conducted a massive manhunt in northern Illinois into Tuesday night after an officer was fatally shot while pursuing a group of men.
An emotional Fox Lake Mayor Donny Schmit described the slain officer, Lt. Charles Joseph Gliniewicz, as a personal friend, a three-decade member of the department and a father of four sons.
"We lost a family member," Schmit said of the 52-year-old officer known around town as "GI Joe." "His commitment to the people of this community has been unmatched and will be dearly missed."
Authorities said Gliniewicz radioed in to tell dispatchers he was chasing three men on foot in the village of Fox Lake, 55 miles north of Chicago. Communication with him was lost soon after, said Lake County Sheriff's Office spokesman Sgt. Christopher Covelli.
"His backup arrived shortly thereafter and found him injured with a gunshot wound," Covelli said.
The backup officer could be heard on the scanner saying: " … send everybody you possibly can … officer is down …"
"The officer has succumbed to his injuries and passed away," Covelli added.
Undersheriff Raymond Rose told the Chicago Tribune that the officer had also been stripped of his gun and other equipment.
Less than an hour's drive from Chicago, the area is popular with boaters and for other outdoor pursuits because of its forest preserves and a chain of lakes that partly encircles Fox Lake. Some longtime city dwellers move to the region for what is normally a quieter lifestyle.
Police and other law enforcement officials, some of them in military-style camouflage, were seen taking up positions on rooftops and along railroad tracks, scanning the terrain with rifle scopes and binoculars. Others leaned out of helicopters with weapons at the ready.
Nearby Grant Community High School was placed on lockdown with children and staff instructed to say hidden and away from windows, and Schmit said that other schools were also put on lockdown, as staffers went from room to room to make sure the children were safe.
Authorities urged residents throughout the area to stay home while they conducted the search for three men, two of them white and the other black, using bloodhounds on the ground and helicopters above.
Jason Irvin lives alongside the marshy woodlands that were the main focus of the search.
"They searched our little garage, a garage in our house because it was open. they went in there and they just been here, walking up and down the streets with machine guns here, flying the helicopter, and pretty hectic, they told us to get in the house, couldn't leave the house," Irvin said.
James Gertz has daughters at Grant Community High school where there was a heavy police presence, and at Stanton Middle School. The middle school was also locked down to protect students and teachers.
"I knew we were going be safe because we have a lot of security guards at our school," said freshman Hailey.
"All the people in the school had to go the gym and it was really hot in there," said Emilie.
The Gertz's also live near the marshy area where the suspects may have fled, and is doubtful that they would stayed there for long.
"If they stay in the tree area they might have a chance, but not in that marsh. There's leeches and everything in there, it's horrible. Snakes!" Gertz said.
The service of a local commuter train was halted and residents who wanted to take their dogs out to relieve themselves were told to stay in their homes -- with the job of walking the dogs handled by police officers.
Helicopters were to fly overnight and about 100 officers would be searching in and around Fox Lake for the suspects, Covelli said late Tuesday night.
Gliniewicz's death is the third law enforcement fatality in Illinois this year, according to the Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. It says firearms-related deaths in the U.S. are down 13 percent this year compared to the same period last year, Jan. 1. to Sept. 1; there were 30 last year and 26 this year.
Around Fox Lake, residents expressed their own sorrow over the death of the immensely popular Gliniewicz.
"This particular officer is a pillar in my community and definitely going to be missed, and (he) touched so many lives," said Gina Maria, a 40-year-old teacher who lives in the community.
"He was getting to retire," said Terry Resetar with a broken voice, who's Gliniewicz mother-in-law.
Asked if Gliniewicz enjoyed being an officer, Resetar said, "Oh God, he loved it."
State Rep. Barb Wheeler of Crystal Lake released a statement, saying: "Eleven police officers have needless lost their lives since Aug. 20th alone in America because of shootings and sadly our communities have been directly impacted today.
"As information continues to come in about the shooting of another police officer in the line of duty in Fox Lake, I hope we can all remain calm and pray for the officer's family and the other officers in harms-way right now, " Wheeler said.
Resetar said her family "will be OK."
"What can you say, hun?" she told a reporter.
"The oldest [grandchild] called me this morning to be sure I was OK," she said.
Asked if she had a message for those responsible for her son-in-law's death, she said,"You don't want my message to them."
Resetar said her daughter and son-in-law went out to dinner last weekend to celebrate both of their August birthdays.
"Oh God," she said.
Resident Mike Willin said he was watching television this morning about 9:30 a.m. when he saw the commotion.
"I saw the helicopters right above my house," he said. "I thought, maybe it's time for me to leave."
Willin said police thoroughly checked him and his truck when he drove away from his home near Rollins Road and Route 59. He doesn't plan to return home until the fugitives are caught.
Christina Barcal said the Fox Ridge subdivision where she lives, near Routes 12 and 59, has been locked down all day.
"This is crazy, they think they are hiding behind my house so I can't go home," Barcal said.
Barcal said people who left their homes were not allowed to return; however, people who were at home were told not to leave.
"My neighbor's dogs had to go out so an officer took her dogs out to pee," she said.
Gina Maria, a kindergarten teacher who lives in Fox Lake but works in Barrington, said she promptly left her class with a substitute when she got a message from her son about the lockdown at Grant High School.
"I'm here supporting law enforcement officers letting people know that police lives matter," she said.
All residents were being asked to remain inside and call 911 if they see anything suspicious.
School District 15 in McHenry said on its website that all schools were put on soft lockdown "as a precaution" due to "police activity in Fox Lake."
Also on soft lockdown were Gavin South Middle School and Gavin Central Elementary School in Ingleside; as well as Grant High in Fox Lake.
Metra has closed its Ingleside station due to the ongoing police activity. Commuters are advised to use the Long Lake or Fox Lake stations instead.
Several area roads are also closed.
SCHOOL CLOSINGS FOR WEDNESDAY DUE TO MANHUNT:
Grant Community High School
Fox Lake District 114
Big Hollow District 38
Gavin District 37
Crews demolishing partially collapsed building in Northeast DC


text:
<?php namespace MDH\ServiceProviders;

use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

class Repositories extends ServiceProvider
{

    public function register()
    {
        $this->app->bind(
            'MDH\Repositories\PostRepositoryInterface',
            'MDH\Repositories\Eloquent\PostRepository'
        );
        $this->app->bind(
            'MDH\Repositories\CreationRepositoryInterface',
            'MDH\Repositories\Eloquent\CreationRepository'
        );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Get all the latest news from the classic car world direct to your inbox. We'll send you event reports, auction news, classifieds, blogs, videos and more as they happen.
Fill in the form below and we'll do the rest.
Haymarket Media Group, publishers of Classic & Sports Car takes your privacy seriously. You can unsubscribe at any time using the unsubscribe mechanism on any email you receive from us. We will use your information to ensure you receive messages that are relevant to you. To learn more about how we use the information you provide to us please see our Full Privacy Notice.


This is screensaver displays customizable rotating text. 1 allows you to get search results from multiple search engines at once. Desktop Author is an electronic publishing software that allows you to create 3d page turning digital web books.
Zoom spin your way around the globe while viewing Earthquakes in three sktop CT , 3D Scanner With Arduino: Computed tomography ( CT) computed axial tomography ( CAT) is most often associated with imaging the body because it enables clinicians to see the anatomical structure inside the patient without having to do any surgery. Autodesk Inventor 3D CAD software is used for product design rendering simulation.
The photographic post- shot editing talent on display in this joint is second to none the images. Download 3d images desktop.
Download 3d images desktop. Get professional- grade mechanical design solutions from Inventor. About DeskTop Author.
Sweet Home 3D is an interior design application that helps you to quickly draw the floor plan of your house arrange furniture on it visit the results in 3D. Feb 23, · Download Sweet Home 3D for free. 3D Text is the one truly 3D screensaver included with Windows 10. WATCH EARTHQUAKES IN 3D.
Alice is an innovative block- based programming environment that makes it easy to create animations build interactive narratives program simple games in 3D. MakertBot Replicator 2 Desktop 3D Printer The MakerBot Replicator 2 Desktop 3D Printer the basic Desktop 3D Printer that started the 3D printing revolution . To image inside the eeware and Shareware.
SOLIDWORKS 3D CAD solutions provide easy- to- learn reduces costs, yet extremely powerful functionality that shortens product development time improves quality. Why is Carbide Create Free? • Art Software photoshop graphic design publishing • Digital Arts fantasy desktop wallpapers • 3D models free 3ds Max models tutorials • Animation moving adobe multimedia wallpapers. 1 also includes many useful features such as popup blocker other useful Google Earth in Apple App Store Download Google Earth in Google Play eful , browser skins & cursors, download manager, spellchecker , form filler Informative Screensavers; The program is a special kind of screensaver.
Feb 25, · Download software in the Themes category. Click on the name of the screensaver to connect to the download site or file.
Download Sweet Home 3D for free. 3D screensavers downloads featuring Tropical Island Escape Liquid Desktop 3D, Real 3D Matrix Picture Cube 3D. You can even create fills on separate layers to preserve your original images. DBA AstroPrint ( " AstroPrint" ) grants you ( the " User" ) a non- exclusive personal- use license ( the " Personal License" ) to download copy use the accompanying Images subject to the following conditions:. You are in right place! Download 3d images desktop. If you like to support your local middleman more power too you but it will cost a l.
New visitors please read our Help file if you have any problems. Autodesk Civil 3D supports BIM for civil engineering design water , documentation for transportation, land development wastewater ee Download Butterfly Wallpapers.
Like other screensavers it starts up when you leave your computer unattended it shuts down as soon as you return to work. Free download latest Cute Butterfly HD desktop wallpapers most popular Wide Cute Colorful images in high resolution, high definition beautiful photos pictures. Beautiful nice cute amazing colorful Butterfly sktop Wallpaper site.
We created Carbide Create to help our users get started quickly without searching for software. : If you already have a camera then this project will cost less than $ 50 to complete. Welcome to 3D- Screensaver, the site with greatest.
Build a DIY Desktop 3d Scanner With Infinite Resolution. Offers free software downloads including dvd to video converter Mobile, mp4 to mp3, HD Wallpapers , Iphone, ge selection of High quality Free Wallpaper Download, HD video converter, Windows 7 High quality Desktop Wallpapers Downloads, 3D, mac dvd ripper, Celebrities, m4p, Bluray, DVD Images.
Including: Perfect Absorber - 3D arcade game Info Panel Your list familiar, puzzle elements, Analyzer Recording the utility for grab of an image from the window , record in AVI the file, Diamond Hunter - 3D Game that mixes action supports an easy to use owsing the world wide web for free high quality screensavers for Windows? ] 45 High Quality And Inspiring 3D Desktop Wallpapers ( smashingapps).
QIDI TECHNOLOGY 3DP- QDA16- 01 Dual Extruder Desktop 3D Printer QIDI TECH I Fully Metal Frame Structure, with2 Free Filaments, Works with ABS , Acrylic Covers PLA. Digital web books are any type of e- publication including e- brochures e- books, digital photo albums, digital diaries, e- cards .
Crawler Toolbar 5. We make great desktop CNC machines and CNC Routers but the machines themselves are only part of the equation- they need software to go with software in the Themes category.
Stellarium is a free open source planetarium for your computer. It shows a realistic sky in 3D just like what you see with the naked eye, binoculars a telescope. You can customize the text by pressing the Settings button to open the window directly a FREE 15 DAY Evaluation Version of our StormPredator Personal Desktop weather radar software! We kept getting questions from people who weren' t our customers but wanted to use Carbide Create. We make great desktop CNC machines and CNC Routers but the machines themselves are only part of the equation- they need software to go with them. Usually the term refers to computer- generated image data created with the help of specialized graphical hardware ee Music Screensavers Page 1. If I had to pick one site it would still be this one ( it was my favorite last time too).
Download 3d images desktop. Now you can hide your reference point; double- click the puter graphics are pictures and films created using computers.
Our site has the best hd free desktop backgrounds including 3d wallpapers nature wallpapers, animal wallpapers, car wallpapers celebrities. MakertBot Replicator 2 Desktop 3D Printer The MakerBot Replicator 2 Desktop 3D Printer the basic Desktop 3D Printer that started the 3D printing revolution brings your projects to life with affordable real- time prototyping. Edit videos using three different modes transitions , special effects create discs using the built- in burning options that this application provides.
Los fondos de escritorio en 3D siempre ha sido una gran fuente de inspiración y siempre. Choose which pixels to use in your fills using a new dedicated workspace, rotate, scale mirror your source pixels thanks to Adobe Sensei technology. The photographic post- shot editing talent on display in this joint is second to none the sktop Wallpaper site.
Digital web books are any type of e- publication including e- brochures exams, digital photo albums, e- books, tests, digital diaries, forms , e- cards, online resumes, quizzes surveys. Alice is used to teach students how to code.
Collection of Butterfly wallpaper for your pc, laptop. The following video shows how to make an Isometric Cubes Drawing when provided with a Front View a Top View. 3D arcade games Desktop, Wallpapers, Magnifier, 3D Screensavers, Clocks other Share Ware & Free Ware. An interior design application to draw house plans & arrange furniture. If you like to shop on AliExpress you can probably build it for around $ 30.
Free Download 3D Wallpapers. Free download best Latest 3D HD desktop wallpapers background, Wide screen Most Popular Images in high quality resolutions, high definition computer most downloaded desktop pictures, glasses, Shape, Cube, Star, 3d games and 3D Heart amazing wallpapers in 1080p and 720p Fantasy Photos. Check the best collection of 3D HD Nature Images Free Download for desktop, laptop, tablet and mobile device.
You can download them free. 3D Desktop Cars Screen Saver Latest Version - Mac: v1.
0 Start your engines! Watch as real 3D cars zoom and skid around the screen you were just working on leaving skid marks in their wake! EARTHQUAKE 3D FREE EDITION.


text:
Q: How to localize label content with underscore I'm trying to localize label with underscore helper (Alt). This example works fine but without localization.
Without localization:
<Label Content="_Name: "
       Target="{Binding ElementName=TextBoxName}" />

I want something like that:
 <Label Content="{x:Static loc:Localization.Name}"
               ContentStringFormat=" _{0}"
               Target="{Binding ElementName=TextBoxName}" />

Any ideas? Thanks


text:
Her Stepbrothers Are Dragons
Stepbrothers Series: Her Stepbrothers Are Dragons
Holly Brewner knew she had a problem with Christmas Eve, but she thought her way of celebrating was better anyway. Twelve days of gifts and on Christmas Day, the big one. Her father and she had celebrated every year like this, but this year was going to be different.
This year she had a new stepmom and two stepbrothers, who happened to be dragons, and that changed all her plans.
Upon their arrival, her house burned down, she was shot at, and now she was staying in a cave for two days as if that were normal. On top of that, her two stepbrothers, Darius and Malcolm Longfellow, were claiming they were her mates and that they were going to marry her on Christmas Eve.
"On the first day of Christmas, my personal elf sent to you two, the first six gifts of twelve, to two very naughty boys,'" Darius read. "Naughty boys," he growled and picked up the long package marked "First Day."
"Well, she has a sense of humor. That is good," Malcolm said, pointing out Holly's name.
"Go on, you open the first and I'll get the second," his brother said.
"I have a bad feeling about this," Malcolm mumbled but opened the package, wishing he hadn't.
"I couldn't very well send a partridge, so I sent the branch he would have sat on," her note said. "Son of a bitch. There's bird shit all over that thing." He growled and dropped the box to glare at his brother. "Sense of humor? Open yours now."
Two turtledoves would be the next gift, but Darius had no idea what she'd send in their place. His brother wrinkled his nose. "Two much-melted turtle dove ice creams. 'Naughty boys don't get ice cream,' her note says." He shook his head.
"Your turn," Malcolm said, pointing to number three.
"Shit," Darius mumbled. "Three French hens. What the hell can she send us now?" He fumbled with the box to the point that he just ripped it open, sending its contents everywhere.
"'You are not entitled to the actual hens you haven't earned, so I send you a part of the bird —feathers.'" Malcolm smiled, looking at him. "Feathers look so good on you," he teased, and Darius growled, brushing off what he could.


Have you ever thought about how much storage space you really need in your next new house? It's understandable that it's not the first thing on your mind when you are figuring floor plans and where the home entertainment center should go. But designing your closet storage in your new home should be almost as important as any other area.
Let me help you with some inventive ideas for realizing how important your closet storage design really is. A properly designed system for keeping your things organized and easily accessible is the key to a happy home.
These days, closet design has become a significant industry. There are numerous companies that have developed specialized storage systems for your closets. There are closet design consultants that will come to your home to provide help and advise on getting more out of your closet. Having a properly arranged closet keeps the clutter out of your living spaces and allows you to better organize your life.
So when it comes time to design your total storage space, you need to figure out if you will have a lot of smaller closets, or a few small closets and also splurge on a dream en suite walk-in closet. Keep in mind the ratio of storage space to living space. You probably shouldn't design your house with a walk-in off every bedroom, but if you allocate your storage space properly, then you will be able to strike a good balance in your house.
If you decide that a walk-in is not required or not in the budget, then you will want to make sure that the reach in closet is actually big enough for the purpose you have set out. In addition an important consideration is the size of the closet opening. Having a large reach in closet with a small door often ends up in creating hard to reach unusable space.
Regardless of the size of your closet you will want to make certain that there is enough light in the closet. This may require adding a light fixture inside of the closet. An extra deep closet or a walk in closet will most definitely need it's own light source. Make sure the light source is not blocked by your body as you look into or reach into the closet.
The final thing to consider when designing your closets for your new home is the closet infrastructure, What types of shelving, hooks, hanging rods or storage compartments will you need? There are many prefab storage systems that are available on the market these days, do your research and think about what the contents of the closet might be. With a little luck you should be able to find a reasonably priced system that fits your closet perfectly.
Once you have designed the final amount of storage space that you new house will require, you will be pleased with how easy it will be to keep your things organized in your new house. The little extra time in making sure you have the right amount of storage space will be well worth it.
To discover more on closet storage design please visit closet storage solutions.
What to Do When a Conversation Runs Out of Steam?
Inspirational Thoughts: Where is Your Courage?


We are giving you the chance to win a brand new iPhone 5. Winning is simple. All you have to do is like our competition facebook update to be in with a chance to win! The competition will end on January 31st and we will announce our winner shortly after. Spread the word and get sharing and liking now. Good luck!


Taylor lashes are so unique and gorgeous, with a Wispy look. This popular set of eyelashes are definitely Fashionista!
~ Taylor is Hand-Tied and Prepared with 100% sterilized Human Hair; in a sensible, eco-friendly, and employee conscious, environment.
I just simply loooooove these lashes!! Taylor is very whispy like and glamorous, yet still natural looking. Makes your look go from blah to glamorous. I can't wait until they are back in stock. :) Definitely my go to everyday lashes.
Very wispy pretty lashes and a tad bit wispier than regular wispie lashes. I'm ordering more before they are out of stock again.
Again, what you see is what you get! they are certainly wispy, so adorable, and natural. Of course they are long and perfect for natural to dramatic eyes. The quality definitely exceeds the price on these babies. Get them while they're hot gals!


You might be interested in using Service Newspapers of World War Two if you are looking for news coverage of key events, victories and battles of WWII, the soldier's experience, the role and portrayal of woman in WWII, activity on the home front and the civilian experience, morale and propaganda, light entertainment, local news and customs, education and welfare and Empire.
This entry was posted in Library, New, Online resource, Primary sources and tagged 20th century, Africa, archives, Asia, Australia, Britain, Canada, cultural history, Databases, Europe, gender studies, History, India, International Relations, New Zealand, newspapers, primary source, social history, United States, World War Two by cstirling. Bookmark the permalink.


Are there any special features of the youth unemployment in comparison with overall unemployment?
With the help of the obtained results we define some preliminary policy suggestion.
always lagged2. Considering the labour market consequences of the crisis, even longer lags exist.
dynamics of Russian regions, especially focusing on the impact of 1998 and 2008 crises.
segment, (ii) the regional levels and (iii) the labour market impact of crises are generally considered separately.
1998 and 2088 Russian crises are presented.
availability in the case of Russia, we shall use in our empirical estimates the 20-29 age class.
1 The impact has been deeper on the weakest segments of the labour market, especially young people.
GDP and revenue declines/ accompanied by an increase in public expenditures.
3 As for a more complete definition of "youth unemployment" and some measurement aspects, see also ILO (2009).
as underemployment and informal sector employment, may be particularly relevant (O'Higgins 2005).
working activities for "schooling" human capital to become productive.
Barbieri and Sestito, 2008; Picchio, 2008).
STWT institution in influencing the youth labour market performance6.
4 In other terms, a lower or/and decreasing youth employment rate is significantly related to high(er) "schooling participation".
5 On this point, see Perugini and Signorelli 2004 and 2007.
market flexibility), of educational and training systems, passive income support schemes and fiscal incentives.
be reached (e.g. Checchi 2003; Brunello-Checchi 2005).
increased labour productivity, is permanently in the agenda of the policymakers.
used national or regional data (e.g. Mariani et al., 2001).
underemployment, and (ii) the existence of "state dependence" concerning the complex role of "child labour"
(e.g., ILO 2002) and the persistence of youth unemployment (e.g., Heckman and Borjas 1980; Ryan 2001).
should carefully consider the true spatial extent and interactions which take place at regional level.
Differently, a large literature exists on regional labour market, not specific for youth segment.
labour market performance differentials can be found in Elhorst (2003).
Commander 2006; Huber, 2004; Gacs and Huber, 2005).
presumed – wrongly – that it would have only lasted a short time.
explain EU regional unemployment disparities.
development (like Russian regions), the latter affects both total and youth unemployment rates.
labour markets have generally been considered as separate topics.
The literature on the impact of "economic crises" on youth unemployment is still quite scarce.
practices), various time lags and different degrees of the persistence of the effects.
considered either in terms of "number of workers employed" or in terms of "overall number of hours worked".
and sector specific skills) with respect to youngsters.
12 The higher diffusion of temporary contracts between youngsters leads to the adoption of a sort of "last-in first out" rule.
segments and can further increase the size and duration of the impact of the crisis on youth unemployment.
market and permanently damaging their employment prospects.
than witnessed for adult (OECD, 2008).
"great recession", with a consequent huge increase in youth unemployment rates17.
temporary contracts seem to be higher in countries with a large difference in the stringency of regulations for permanent contracts (i.e.
strict "employment protection legislation", EPL) as compared to temporary (or other atypical) contracts.
young men in heavily impacted sectors.
unemployment rate is significant and robust.
that a sharp rise on unemployment in the Russian market is not expected.
rate (the latter is also explained by the "discouragement effect") occurred.
the beginning of the crisis, in particular the active subsidy for underemployed.
enterprises usually didn't fire workers, but reduced working time (and wage).
Lindz (2004 and 2008) also observes the importance of age structure for the Russian labor market.
they begin to regain some confidence".
husband, wife, two children, but a clan, multigenerational family in which there are a large number of relatives.
the labor markets in the industrial and postindustrial society".
period 1997 – 2008. The source of the data is ROSSTAT site (www.gks.ru) and ROSSTAT publications.
(we add dummy variables for corresponding Russian Federal Districts in random effects models).
annually, t = 1997, 1998,…, 2007, 2008.
different from zero, this shows a monotonic dependence.
is why we also include a set of regional dummy variables in random effect models.
dummy variables for the crises years.
signs and significance of the coefficients of other variables.
unemployment rate (and share) are lower.
the first crisis on youth unemployment was more serious than in general case.
* - significant at 10%, ** - significant at 5%, *** - significant at 1%.
19 As for more complete results, we are waiting for the availability of the 2009 regional data.
many other reasons, highlighted by the literature reviewed in Section 2.
did not discover the impact of the second crisis beginning (2008 year) on youth and general unemployment.
appropriate government level for active labour market policies.
order to avoid that the "NEET generation" (Not in Employment or in Education or in Training) will expand.
University Management School, Working Paper 2001/001, Lancaster, U.K.
Arpaia A. and Curci N. (2010), "The EU Labour Market Behaviour During the Great Recession", January, mimeo.
Barbieri G., Sestito P. (2008), "Temporary Workers in Italy: Who Are They and Where They End up", Labour, 22(1): 127166.
Bassanini A, Duval R (2006) Employment patterns in OECD countries: reassessing the role of policies and institutions.
Discussion Paper, n. 4040, Bonn.
regimes and the experience of unemployment., Oxford: Oxford university press, p. 218-239.
Innovation, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2005, Rutledge Ltd., Taylor & Francis Group.
Blanchflower D.G., Freeman R. (2000), "Youth Employment and Joblessness", University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Education", Centro de Estudios Andaluces, Documento de Trabajo. E2007/10, Junta de Andalucia.
Brunello G., Garibaldi P., Wasmer (2007), "Education and training in Europe", Oxford University Press, New York.
Perugia, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia, Finanza e Statistica 41.
(eds), Youth Unemployment and social Exclusion in Europe, Policy Press, Bristol.
Caroleo F.E., F. Pastore (2009), "Le cause del(l'in)successo lavorativo dei giovani", Economia & Lavoro, vol. 3, 107-31.
Economics, University of Milan, w.p., 2003-01.
Checchi D. (2006), "The Economics of Education", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
periodo", Rapporto a IRER Lombardia, dicembre 2007.
Clark K.B., L.H. Summers (1982), "The dynamics of youth unemployment", in Freeman R.B. and D.A. Wise (eds.), cit.
Cockx B. and Picchio M. (2009), "Are Short-Lived Jobs Stepping Stones to Long-Lasting Jobs?", IZA Discussion Paper, n.
European Commission (2008), "Employment in Europe 2008".
Gontmakher E. (2010), "Unemployment as a Complex of Social Problems", 28 April 2010 (http://opec.ru/1245269.html).
Economic Analysis & Policy: Vol. 7: Iss. 2 (Advances), Article 10.
Employment?", Giornale degli Economisti e Annali di Economia, 64(1): 1-27.
University-Higher School of Economics, 2009 (http://www.hse.ru/org/hse/wp/wp3) (In Russian).
Labour Markets, Chapter 8, pp.212-250, Oxford University Press.
ILO (2010), Global Employment Trends, International Labour Organization, Geneva, January.
Longhi S, Nijkamp P, Traistaru I (2005) Is sectoral diversification a solution to unemployment? Evidence from EU regions.
University Management School, Working Paper, 2003/009, Lancaster, U.K.
OECD (2005), Education at Glance, Paris.
OECD (2008), OECD Employment Outlook 2008, Paris.
OECD (2009), OECD Employment Outlook 2009, Paris.
Overman HG, Puga D (2002) Unemployment clusters across Europe's regions and countries. Econ Policy 34: 115-147.
Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, Washington, D.C., pp. 98-103.
Rees A. (1986), "An Essay on Youth Joblessness", Journal of Economic Literature, 24(2): 613-628.
European Journal of Comparative Economics, n. 2.
Perugini C, Signorelli M (2007) Labour market performance differentials and dynamics in EU-15 countries and regions.
and Structural Features of Transition", Palgrave-Macmillan, London and New York.
Picchio M. (2008), "Temporary Contracts and Transitions to Stable Jobs in Italy", Labour, 22(s1): 147-174.
Countries"; IZA dp, n. 2582.
countries", IZA discussion paper 2582.
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper, n. 90, Paris.
countries", Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia, Finanza e Statistica n. 65, Università di Perugia.
Ryan P. (2001), "The school-to-work transition: a cross-national perspective", Journal of Economic Literature 39(1): 3492.
Human capital, employment, productivity and growth.
Papers, n. 6, Paris, April.
Department Working Paper, n.8, University of Perugia.
Mediterranean Europe, P.I.E. Peter Lang, Bruxelles.
Smith A (1998) Reconstructing the regional economy. Industrial transformation and regional development in Slovakia.
van Ours J.C. (2004), "The Locking.in of Subsidized Jobs", Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(1), 37-48.
Purchasing parity per capita GDP.
1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 years.
period are considered employed on employment of population.
A ratio of 20-29 age group to 1672 age group, in percentage.
GDP per capita in the region.
approccio classico e teorie evolutive.
Wage structure, inequality and skillbiased change: is Italy an outlier?
On the road to the euro zone.
however defined, just fluctuate too much over time to qualify for being considered as structural.


text:
Q: Erratic Cursor: Laptop Touchpad Driver? I'm experiencing a horribly erratic, bouncy/shaky cursor in Ubuntu, but not in Windows.  It's a Dell Latitude E6230 laptop.  I was going to replace the touchpad until I discovered I wasn't having the problem in Windows.  Might this be a driver issue? Is there a touchpad/mouse driver for Ubuntu that might remedy this problem? I have the same problem while using other Linux distros too on this laptop.
Thanks.

A: Most of the time it happens if your screen has a touch option and it's broken. Use
xinput

to find out the input device ID of your touch screen or touch pad and
xinput disable [ID]

to disable it.


text:
Login New customer? register here
Fairphone Easy
Fairphone Reuse & Recycle Program Terms and Conditions
3. The Website
4. Valuing the Product
5. Formation of the Contract
6. Sending in the Product
7. Payments
9. Right to termination
12. Changes to Terms and Conditions
13. Applicable law and dispute resolution
These terms and conditions, and the Fairphone Privacy Policy, form the agreement between Fairphone and any Participant to the Fairphone Reuse & Recycle Program for smartphone devices via our website: https://www.fairphone.com/en/recycle-your-phone/. To participate, Participants must agree to these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms, which become part of the Fairphone Terms. Participation is voluntary. You need not join the Reuse & Recycle Program to purchase products at Fairphone.com.
Please save them on your computer for future reference. These Reuse & Recycle Program Terms were last updated 25 October 2021 and at this time are only available in the English language.
Download: Fairphone Reuse & Recycle Program Terms and Conditions
1.1 In these Terms and Conditions, the following definitions will be used.
Form means the questionnaire on the Website.
Recycling Gift Card means the Fairphone gift card account code received by the Participant following the successful receipt of the Product and positive valuation by the Recycling Partner.
Initial Valuation means the first valuation Fairphone provides to the Participant based on the application form completed by the Participant on the website
Recycling Value means the value of the Product based on its technical specifications and its physical condition minus the administration costs of the Reuse & Recycle Program.
Revised Valuation means a revision of the Initial Valuation due to any inaccurate or incorrect descriptions of the Product.
Participant means any natural person living within the European continental territories of the EEA (excluding Malta, Cyprus, Switzerland, UK and Norway), and above the age of 18, who is the sole owner of the Product and who is legally capable of entering into a binding contract with us.
Product means the smartphone device, which the Participant sends for recycling.
Recycling Partner means the third party service provider, which Fairphone has contracted for assessment of the Product and its refurbishing and recycling.
Reuse & Recycle Program Terms means these Terms and Conditions, including updates, alterations and possible appendices, published on the Fairphone website.
Reuse & Recycle Program is the application form and processes with which Fairphone offers to buy from an end user smartphone devices. If the offer is accepted, Fairphone collaborates with a Recycling Partner to reuse or recycle the received smartphone at a predetermined price agreed in a Quotation by You.
Shipping Label means the label that the Participant downloads via a hyperlink in an email the Participant receives after they complete the Form on the Website.
We ("our", "us", "Fairphone") means FairPhone B.V., a Dutch limited liability company located at van Diemenstraat 200 1013CP Amsterdam in the Netherlands, registered with the Trade Registry number 55901964, VAT number 8519.04.270.B.01
Webshop means our online shop section where you can acquire information about our products and purchase them: www.shop.fairphone.com.
Website means our website, as updated from time to time: https://recycle.fairphone.com/
You means the Participant or the user of the Recycling Gift Card, as applicable.
1.2 Capitalized terms that are not defined here will have the same meaning given to them in the Fairphone Terms and Conditions as published here.
2.1 The Fairphone Reuse & Recycle Program allows a Participant to recycle their used mobile phone device and in return the Participant receives:
a Fairphone Recycling Gift Card.
To clarify, this section does not apply to Products which are valued at zero euro (€0).
2.2 The Reuse & Recycle Program for complete smartphone devices does not apply to separate spare parts and/or accessories (ie. Chargers). If You send Us spare parts and/or accessories, the sent items will not receive any valuation and We will not return them to You. These spare parts and/or accessories will be recycled or disposed of.
2.3 The Participant shall represent and warrant:
that there are no liens, encumbrances or security interests attached to the Product;
that the Product is not counterfeit, stolen or fraudulent;
that the Participant is not infringing on the intellectual property rights of a third party;
that the Participant has filled in the form truthfully.
2.4 Product dealers, retailers, resellers and distributors are excluded from the Reuse & Recycle Program, unless Fairphone has agreed to make an exception in writing.
2.5 A Participant may send in up to three (3) Products. The Participant will receive a Recycling Gift Card equal to the Recycling value which is established by Us and Our Recycling Partner. Please note, the Participant can only register one (1) gift card per purchase in the Webshop.
2.6 By submitting the Form on the Website:
a. You accept and agree that You are bound by the Reuse & Recycle Program Terms; and
b. You acknowledge that You have read and understood the information concerning the Fairphone Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy.
c. You must live within the European continental territories of the EEA (excluding Malta, Cyprus, Switzerland, UK and Norway), and have a valid proof of identification (e.g. passport or ID-card).
2.7 By purchasing or attempting to purchase a Fairphone product:
a. You accept and agree that You are bound by the Fairphone Terms and Conditions of Sale as made available on our website; and
b. You acknowledge that You have read and understood the information concerning the Fairphone Terms and Conditions of Sale.
3.1 We may update the Website from time to time, and may change the content at any time. However, please note that any of the content on the Website may be out of date at any given time, and We are under no obligation to update it. We do not guarantee that the Website, or any content on it, will be free from errors or omissions and We make no representations, warranties or guarantees, whether express or implied, that the content on Our website is accurate, complete or up-to-date.
3.2 The Website is available to You free of charge. However, We do not guarantee that the Website, or any of its content, will always be available or uninterrupted. We may choose to suspend, withdraw, discontinue or change all or any part of the Website without notice. We will not be liable to You if for any reason the Website is unavailable at any time or for any period of time.
3.3 In accordance with the Fairphone Terms of Use Policy, You are responsible for making all arrangements necessary for You to have access to the Website. You are responsible for configuring Your information technology, computer programmes, hardware devices and platform in order to access the Website. You should use Your own virus protection software. We do not guarantee that the Website will be secure or free from bugs or viruses.
3.4 In accordance with the Fairphone Terms of Use Policy, You must not misuse the Website by knowingly introducing viruses, trojans, worms, logic bombs or other material which is malicious and/or technologically harmful. You must not attempt to gain unauthorised access to the Website, the server on which the Website is stored or any server connected to the Website. You must not attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of service attack. By breaching this provision, You may commit a criminal offence.
3.5 The content on Our Website is provided for general information only and is therefore not intended to amount to professional or specialist advice.
3.6 Where the Website provides links to third party sites and resources, these links are provided for Your information only. Fairphone has no control over the contents of those sites or resources.
4.1 To participate in the Reuse & Recycle Program You must fill out the Form on the Website. If You have any question regarding the condition of the Product and/or filling out the form You are advised to contact us at: recycle@fairphone.com
4.2 It is Your sole responsibility to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the information provided in the Form.
4.2 You warrant that You will accurately and correctly describe the condition of the Product in the Form, so that We can provide You with an initial quotation (Initial Valuation). The Initial Valuation will not be final until We have inspected your Product. Any inaccurate or incorrect descriptions of the Product may lead to a revision of the Initial Valuation (Revised Valuation).
4.3 Upon receipt of the Product, the Recycling Partner will inspect the Product to see if the description of the model and/or condition of the Product provided in the Form matches the Product. If the Product is different from the model and/or condition in the Form, the Initial Valuation will be adjusted accordingly.
4.4 Fairphone will contact You via the email address specified by You to confirm this Revised Valuation. You will have to confirm this Revised Valuation within 7 working days from being sent by Us. If You do not respond to the Revised Valuation within a calendar year (366 days), We will be unable to make a payment to You equal to the value of the Revised Valuation and will dismantle and recycle Your device. We will send you at least 3 reminders via Your provided email address. Please note that We cannot return Products to You after these 7 working days. You can choose to decline the Revised Valuation, in which case You may ask Us to return the Product. If We cannot send back the Product, We will make a payment equal to the Initial Valuation to You.
4.5 We must be in receipt of Your Product within 30 days of sending You the Initial Offer. If We receive the Product after these 30 days, We will either maintain the Initial Offer or adjust the offer to reflect the current price for the Product, whichever is lower.
4.6 Fairphone will not make any payments, if We determine a Product:
(i) has been reported lost, blocked or stolen, or
(ii) is determined to be counterfeit, or
(iii) is believed to be derived from Prepay Box Breaking.
A Product will be deemed counterfeit if it was manufactured to resemble products made by another company in breach of the intellectual property rights of that original manufacturer. Fairphone will not return Products that fall under this section. We reserve the right to inform the relevant authorities if there is any suspicion of fraud. We also reserve the right to reclaim any money paid to You if it is discovered within three (3) months of the payment that the Product has been reported lost, blocked or stolen or the product is discovered to be counterfeit.
5.1 Nothing on the Website constitutes an offer by Fairphone to sell or purchase any Product. Sending Products to Us based on the Initial Valuation shall constitute an offer by You to sell the Product in return for the Initial Valuation ("Your Offer"). The contract will be formed either, when:
a. We accept Your Offer, by paying to You a sum equal to the Initial Valuation
b. You accept the Revised Valuation and We make a payment to You of a sum equal to the Revised Valuation
5.2 Title of the Product shall pass to Fairphone upon completion of the payment to You for the Product. Upon completion of the payment You disclaim any further right, title or interest in the Product. The risk in the Product shall pass to Fairphone once the Product is in transit from You to Fairphone via Fairphone's carrier. You shall ensure that the Product is packaged in such a manner that it is protected against physical damage. Fairphone's liability for all direct losses, arising in connection with the loss or damage to a Product whilst in transit, shall in no circumstances exceed thirty euro (€30) per package
6.1 To receive a Shipping label, You need to provide Your full name, date of birth, valid email address, postal address, telephone number, ID number, and account number for legal compliance purposes. On the form, We will also request the following device information: IMEI of the Product, internal memory storage (ie. 8GB, 16BG, 32 GB) of the Product, functionality of the device, any cosmetic defect and the status of the localisation service. Fairphone is not responsible for the accuracy of this data.
6.2 Upon completion of the Form, You will get the option to download a Shipping Label. The Shipping Label will also be sent to Your email. Where the exclusion of clause 2.3 applies, You will be redirected to recommendations for local recycling options available to You via our Website.
6.3 The Participant can send up to a maximum of three (3) devices per Shipping label ( or per package). There is no limit to the amount of times the Participant can repeat this process.
6.4 The Participant shall follow the instructions for packaging as provided by Fairphone.
6.5 Once the Product has been received and the quotation has been confirmed by the Recycling Partner and by You, the Product cannot be returned to the Participant. Participation in this program constitutes a relinquishment of all rights to the Product sent for recycling.
7.1 Fairphone initiates payments to You by providing a discount for a future purchase through a Recycling Gift Card. All payments are in Euro (€) and excluding Value Added Tax (VAT). Please make sure to double check the accuracy of Your personal data prior to submitting the Form.
7.2 The customer receives a unique Recycling Gift Card, which is only redeemable in the Fairphone webshop. The Recycling Gift Card is sent to the customer once a contract pursuant to clause 6 is formed. The Recycling Gift Card is sent to the email address provided by the Client. It is the customers responsibility to correctly register their email addresses. Fairphone does not resend the Recycling Gift Card. The Recycling Gift Card can be redeemed in separate payments. However, in no case may it be exchanged for the monetary value of the Recycling Gift Card.
7.3 When purchasing a product with the Recycling Gift Card, the general Terms and Conditions of Purchase apply, including the right to a Cool-off period of 14 days from the receipt of the Product. In the event that You exercise this right, You will be reimbursed the monetary value of the Fairphone Product reduced by the value of Recycling Gift Card. You wil also receive a new Gift Card. Please note that shipment costs are paid separately and are not covered by the Recycling Gift Card.
8.1 Any personal details provided in connection with the Reuse & Recycle Program will be processed in accordance with our Privacy Policy. It is important that You carefully read and understand this information.
8.2 All data collected by Us will be used and processed exclusively within the framework of the current Dutch and European Union data protection laws and in accordance with Our data protection and privacy policies.
8.3 You agree that You have the sole responsibility to make and keep a separate backup copy of any personal files and data, whether personal details, SMS, photos, games, songs or other data ("Data") before sending Your Product to Us. You shall have the sole responsibility for ensuring You take all reasonable steps to eliminate and delete Data that is deemed personal or confidential. It is Your responsibility remove or delete any personal data by:
Removing any removable media, such the SIM card and any memory card before sending the mobile phone to Us;
removing all Data;
resetting the mobile phone to factory settings.
8.4 If You fail to remove the data from the Product, You agree to release Fairphone from all claims, losses or damages with respect to the mobile phone, Data, SIM or memory card arising before or after receipt of the Product. Fairphone accepts no responsibility in relation to the loss, security, protection, confidentiality or use of such Data, SIM or memory card.
8.5 Where a Product is received by Our Recycling Partner which, when the Product is turned on, appears not to have been reset to factory settings and Data is immediately obvious from the screen, then You hereby authorize Fairphone or its Recycling Partner to take all reasonable actions to wipe or remove any stored Data on Product by resetting the mobile phone to its factory settings. Fairphone and its Recycling Partner shall have no further obligations in respect of wiping or removing the Data. Fairphone and its Recycling Partner do not warrant or guarantee that the factory reset of the Product will permanently delete any Data.
8.6 You will not be able to obtain or retrieve any Data or other content left on the Product, SIM or memory card, once it has been sent to Our Recycling Partner. Any SIMs or memory cards received by Fairphone or Our recycling Partner are non-returnable and shall be disposed of upon receipt;
8.7 Our carrier will delete Your personal data as soon as it may no longer be retained pursuant to its storage guidelines and/or the applicable legislation. Where possible and economically viable, anonymization and pseudonymization measures are applied to ensure that your actual identity is not discernible or cannot be reestablished without recourse to a disproportionate amount of effort.
9.1 Fairphone reserves the right to terminate the Reuse & Recycle Program or a person's ability to participate at any time, for any reason and without notice.
9.2 Fairphone reserves the right to cancel the Recycling Gift Card or refuse a transaction if We notice any activity We believe fraudulent, improper, or unlawful or if We have reason to assume you are in breach of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms.
10.1 To the extent permitted by law, Fairphone accepts no liability to any person or institutions for any services offered in connection with the Reuse & Recycle Program in these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms and especially disclaims liability for lost profits, loss of business or other consequential, special, indirect or punitive damages.
10.2 Without prejudice to the conditions of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms, Fairphone's liability towards You is limited to the amount of the Gift Card code.
10.3 Nothing in these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms serves to exclude or limit liability for:
death or personal injury due to negligence;
deliberate deception or fraud;
any other form of liability that cannot legally be excluded or limited.
10.4 The Fairphone Reuse & Recycle Program is provided for lawful purposes only. Therefore, You agree to indemnify us for any claim brought against Us for performing Our obligations under this Contract on Your behalf or for any breach of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms by You.
10.5 If a Force Majeure event affects the performance of Our obligations under this Reuse & Recycle Program, We will contact You as soon as possible to inform You and Our obligations will be suspended for the duration of the Force Majeure event. A Force Majeure event means any act or event beyond Fairphone's reasonable control, including but not limited to riots, wars, pandemics, epidemics or natural disasters. The Participant may cancel a Contract affected by the Force Majeure event, which has continued for more than thirty (30) days by contacting us at recycle@fairphone.com. Upon cancellation, the Participant will return any monies received and Fairphone will return the Products. If the return of Products is not possible the Participant will be refunded pursuant to clause 4.4.
11.1 In the event that any provision of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms is declared invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the remaining provisions of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms shall remain in full force and effect. In such a case, the Parties shall endeavor in good faith to modify the invalid or unenforceable article or to agree on a new article that is valid and enforceable.
11.2 Fairphone may transfer its rights and obligations under this Contract to another organisation, but this will not affect Your rights or Our obligations under the Reuse & Recycle Program Terms. You may only transfer Your rights and Your obligation to another person if Fairphone agrees to this in writing. The Contract is between You and Fairphone, therefore no other person shall have any right to enforce its terms.
12.1 Fairphone reserves the right to amend these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms by publishing an amended version on the Fairphone website at any time.
12.2 You are free to decide whether or not to accept a revised version of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms. If You do not agree to any revised version of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms, Your sole recourse is to stop Your participation in the Reuse & Recycle Program
12.3 Except as otherwise expressly stated by Us, participation in the Reuse & Recycle Program is subject to, and constitutes Your acceptance of, the version of these Reuse & Recycle Program Terms in effect at the time of Your participation in the Reuse & Recycle Program.
13.1 All contracts concluded with Fairphone shall be governed by Dutch law. Nothing in these terms and conditions, including this section 13, affects Your rights as a consumer to rely on mandatory provisions of local law.
13.2 Any dispute between You and Fairphone in relation to the agreement, including the understanding and the extent of these Terms and Conditions, will be resolved by the competent court in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Once again we want to thank you for your commitment to reducing e-waste and for taking the time to be part of our program!
Fairphone Recycling Program Terms & Conditions
Together we can change the way products are made
Want to get updates on how we're changing the electronics industry?*
Yes, I would like to receive recurring e-mails from Fairphone (about two times per month). This includes exclusive Fairphone news, insights about my personal impact, tips about my Fairphone products, as well as seasonal promotional offers. I can update my preferences, choose my favourite topics, or withdraw permission at any time. I can find more information in Fairphone's Privacy Policy.
Get recurring updates on all things Fairphone
Sign up to our newsletter and get €5 off on your next order.
The €5 discount code will be sent by email. The code can be used on any orders from €75. By subscribing you agree to our Terms & Conditions and Privacy & Cookies Policy. We ask for your name and email so that you can receive our newsletter for awesome Fairphone projects and product updates. You can withdraw or update permission at any time.


Never Kneel to a Knight was a delightful story! I enjoyed seeing Charlotte help Matthew and his sisters learn to navigate society. This story could possibly be enjoyed as a stand alone, however, reading the book directly before this novel, Never Vie for a Viscount, would be helpful as Charlotte and Matthew do appear quite frequently in it. This series also has romance that slowly builds throughout each book and centers around Miss Thorn, the owner of the employment agency.
Charlotte was wonderful with Matthew's sisters. She was the best blend of understanding listener, observer, and instructor. My favorite scenes were definitely between Charlotte and Matthew. Their interest in each other had been building for so long and seemed hopeless before Matthew's unexpected elevation in society.
What a fun sneak peek in the back of the book, too! I am definitely looking forward to reading the next book in the series!
This sweet, clean Regency romance is the sequel to Never Vie for a Viscount. Fortune's Brides: Only a matchmaking cat can hunt true love.
Besides her novels, Regina Scott has had published three Regency romance novellas ("The June Bride Conspiracy" in His Blushing Bride, "Sweeter Than Candy" in A Match for Mother, and "A Place by the Fire" in Mistletoe Kittens), which are now featured in electronic book form as Be My Bride. Her novels have been translated into Dutch, German, Italian, and Portuguese; and Lord Borin's Secret Love and The Rake's Redemption have been issued in hardcover, large print editions. Many of her works are also available as electronic books through Belgrave House's Regency Reads line or as self-published works, such as Perfection.
Regina Scott and her husband are the parents of two sons. They reside in the Puget Sound area of Washington State and are members of the Church of the Nazarene. Born and raised in the Seattle area, Regina Scott is a graduate of the University of Washington. She comes by her writing talent naturally–both her parents were excellent writers in their vocations as teacher and electrical technician, now retired. Her mother envisioned the plot for "Sweeter Than Candy," the novella which was written as a tribute to her.
You can connect with Regina on her website, blog, Goodreads, and on Facebook.
This entry was posted in book, book review, Uncategorized and tagged Author, Book, book review, Fortune's Brides, historical, Never Kneel to a Knight, Never Vie for a Viscount, regency, Regina Scott, romance. Bookmark the permalink.


There is a lot more to being a landlord than simply collecting the rent from tenants of the buy to let property you own.
A landlord has quite a raft of responsibilities and obligations, many of which are related to the health and safety of tenants; some of which may impact on the landlord's insurance necessary to safeguard the integrity of the property; and some of which are designed to help maintain the standard and quality of housing within a particular local authority area.
Since most of your obligations have the force of law, it is important that they are understood before you take on the role of landlord – whether you have set out with the express purpose of running a buy to let business or whether you have become an "accidental" landlord after coming into a property which seems fit to let.
Your understanding and compliance with these responsibilities may also have an impact on the effectiveness and validity of your landlord insurance – it is why here at Cover4LetProperty we have also produced a companion guide on legislation affecting landlords.
The guide concludes with a summary, and is designed to offer an overview of what you need to know.
Please note that legislation is subject to change and while the information within this guide is based on our current understanding of the subject, it should not be considered to be qualified legal advice.
Official advice makes it clear that the landlord has a primary responsibility for maintaining their let property in a condition that is safe and free from health hazards.
In pursuit of these aims, the Citizens' Advice Bureau also points out that the landlord has a general, underlying responsibility for carrying out repairs to the property. Although a tenancy agreement may contain express terms about the range of repairs to which a landlord agrees, there are a number of responsibilities which are so basic that the landlord cannot avoid them – they are unavoidable implied terms of any tenancy agreement.
gas and water pipes, electrical cables, gas fires, boilers, radiators, electric fires and other heaters that are fitted in the property.
A landlord has a fundamental responsibility for the health and safety of tenants – and, for that matter, tenants' and other visitors to the property, neighbours and the public at large.
This is enshrined in the common law concept of the landlord's duty of care – a duty to avoid any action and to take any action necessary to prevent any of these individuals from suffering an injury or having their property damaged in any way related to the let property.
If any such event, the injured party or parties may sue you for damages by way of compensation.
In cases of physical injury, in particular, these claims may reach very substantial proportions.
As your defence against such claims, the buy to let property insurance policies arranged here at Cover4LetProperty typically include at least £1 million landlords liability insurance – if you are in any doubt whether this liability insurance is included in your existing policy, you might want to consult us straight away.
there are additional regulations – principally related to fire escapes – for purpose-built blocks of flats and for houses that have been converted into flats.
If your local authority believes there might be health and safety concerns with your property, or if your tenants ask for one, the council may decide to conduct an inspection according to the Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS) – details of which are discussed in a later section of this guide.
If it has been competently installed and is regularly and efficiently maintained, your gas installation and appliances are likely to function properly and without any risk of leaks or explosion.
But the integrity of that gas system is so important and the dangers of any kind of malfunction so great, that the law imposes specific obligations on the landlords of let property.
The relevant legislation is the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 and these apply to your property if there is any gas supply or gas appliances such as cookers, gas fires, gas-fired water heaters or gas-fired central heating boilers.
The regulations require that you arrange an inspection and safety check of the complete installation – supply pipework and fittings and all appliances – a minimum of once every year. Energy suppliers, British Gas, however, recommend that the gas safety inspection is carried out more frequently if, for example, different tenants have come and gone during the year.
Naturally, the safety check must be made by a qualified gas engineer and the way of ensuring that this is the case is to refer to the Gas Safe register of certified engineers. A new certificate needs to be issued not only after the annual safety inspection, but also whenever a new gas appliance is installed or any appliance has been serviced. A copy of the certificate which the inspecting engineer issues also needs to be given to your tenants – within a period of 28 days or as soon as new tenants take up a lease.
reporting any evidence of unsafe or dangerous pipework, fittings or appliances.
Before the Gas Safe engineer is able to issue your gas safety certificate, the whole installation and all of its appliances need to pass every item on this safety checklist.
To help make sure that your system passes its annual safety check, therefore, you might want to give serious consideration to the servicing of all gas appliances – and to any gas central heating boiler or water heater in particular. If tenants raise specific complaints about the way in which any gas appliance is working or if there is the smell of gas anywhere in the let property, of course, this must be given your immediate attention.
Regular servicing by a qualified gas engineer may also help you make sure that the central heating boiler, for example, does not break down in the middle of winter, just when the tenants need it, and you face the expense of calling out for repairs when service engineers are at their busiest – and therefore most expensive.
Following changes to Health and Safety Executive (HSE) legislation, landlords now have a specific obligation in helping to prevent the spread of Legionnaire's Disease. The principal thrust of this legislation means that landlords need to carry out a risk assessment for the Legionella bacteria and, in the light of that risk assessment to take suitable measures for its reduction and control.
These form a further part of your responsibility as a landlord to protect the health and safety of your tenants.
The Legionella bacteria occur naturally in rivers and lakes, but are also present in commercial and residential water systems – whether in storage tanks, in the pipework or showers and taps.
Legionnaire's Disease is a serious lung infection, explains the NHS website. The potentially life-threatening infection caused by the bacteria develops initial symptoms which might include a high temperature or fever, mild headaches, tiredness, chills, muscle pain or a sense of confusion – many of the symptoms, in other words, that you might associate with the 'flu.
As the infection takes hold and spreads, the symptoms become more serious, with a cough, chest pains and shortness of breath that is also associated with pneumonia.
Certain complications of the disease may lead to death, especially in those individuals most susceptible to the disease.
The risk of Legionnaire's Disease is usually associated with larger water systems – such as those you might find in hotels, hospitals, factories or office blocks. But the Legionella bacteria may also exist in smaller, domestic systems, such as those designed to supply your tenants. Hence, the specific obligations placed on landlords to assess the risk and to take appropriate measures to control it.
The bacteria continue to be present at low temperatures, but thrive and multiply in ideal conditions of between 20º and 45ºC.
The good news is that the risk of Legionnaire's Disease in normal residential water systems is really quite slight.
The Residential Landlords Association (RLA), for instance, suggests that there is rarely any reason why the landlord should not conduct the risk assessment his or herself, without the need for any expensive consultant. HSE requirements, might therefore be met by simply being aware of the potential problem and by taking a few simple steps to reduce the risks.
The HSE publishes guidance on these measures, which might be summarised in terms of ensuring a frequent flow and changeover of water, keeping the water clean and free of rust and other debris, preventing water stagnation points in any part of the system, avoiding those temperatures in which the Legionella bacteria thrives (20º to 45ºC) and avoiding the use of materials which also encourage the growth of the bacteria.
Special care may be taken if a property has been unoccupied for several months and the water storage systems have been left to stagnate.
In sum, therefore, it is important that you recognise your responsibility as a landlord to help prevent your tenants contracting Legionnaire's Disease. This means that you are sufficiently conscious of the risks to carry out a risk assessment – and in the majority of cases that risk is likely to be very slight.
In any event, the measures to help control the risk are simple, straight forward and unlikely to involve great expenditure on your part.
The Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS) was included in provisions of the Housing Act 2004 and came into force in April 2006. It is a system used by local councils to assess whether a property is suitable to be let to tenants and that there are no hazards or dangers in doing so.
your tenants ask for such an inspection to be carried out.
Although the HHSRS is used mostly for the assessment of private rented housing, it may also be used to assess owner occupied property too.
The official guidance originally issued to landlords about HHSRS runs to some 72 pages and is likely to come across as extremely complicated. First published in 2006, the guidance has not been updated since.
It might come as no surprise that a briefing paper prepared for the House of Commons in May 2016 referred to the widespread criticism with which the HHSRS continues to be met and the limited understanding of it which is shared by landlords and tenants alike. Unsurprisingly, there has been pressure for a simpler, more straight forward set of health and safety standards to be introduced.
Continuing to work according to the provisions of the Housing Act 2004, councils currently employ a risk-based assessment which considers 29 separate health and safety indicators.
Each of these potential hazards is awarded a risk assessment score of category one or category two – depending on its seriousness – by the council's inspectors.
On the strength of the council's assessment, you might be issued with an enforcement notice, calling for remedies for the problems and hazards identified. The responsibility falls to you as the landlord to take action on the hazards referred to in the enforcement notice.
issue a stop notice, preventing you or anyone else from using all or part of the let property.
You have the right to appeal against any enforcement notice the council may issue.
The HHSRS was introduced and continues to be used to encourage standards of accommodation in the private rented sector.
As the briefing paper prepared for the House of Commons suggests, however, there is some doubt whether the system is currently achieving that objective. It remains to be seen what, if any, assessment system replaces it.
When you take on the role of landlord, you also take on a number of responsibilities and obligations to safeguard the health and safety of your tenants.
Some of those obligations are clearly defined and entirely expected. Others, however, might come as a greater surprise and are less readily understood – your responsibilities for reducing the risk of Legionnaire's Disease or the basis on which the standard of your accommodation might be asses according to the Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS).
Your awareness of all of the responsibilities and obligations might go a long way to ensuring that you keep the right side of the law, comply with the expectations of your local council and retain responsible and contented tenants.