To compliment your floral arrangements, Jon works closely with Jo to produce bespoke cakes and cupcakes for weddings and special events.
Jon only uses buttercream to decorate his cakes. His special vanilla buttercream recipe has been developed to allow him to pipe elaborate floral arrangements with realistic, natural looking details that taste delicious. Sugar paste flowers can look stunning, but although edible, they don't taste particularly good and normally end up in the bin once the rest of the cake has been eaten. Fresh flowers have to be wired properly and inserted into the cake with food-safe picks. They can't just be poked in (some cut flowers are toxic and all have to be properly prepared to ensure that they are food-safe). Even then, many fresh flowers will wilt within a couple of hours, unless they are robust, like roses.
Jon decorates his cakes with individually handcrafted buttercream flowers to match your colour scheme and choice of flowers and foliage. In addition to the main wedding cake, individual cupcakes are very popular as an elegant alternative to a traditional dessert and can often reduce your catering spend (many caterers will charge extra to cut and plate up a traditional wedding cake).
Flower cupcakes may also be ordered boxed with our bouquet deliveries and are included in our workshops and floral crown birthday parties.
Jon is proud to source most of his ingredients locally: flour from Letheringsett Mill; Free Range eggs from The Little Green Egg Shop, Billingford; and milk from Marybelle Dairy.
Copyright © 2016 Constance Rose. All rights reserved.


1. Prepare a 12-inch tart pan by lining with refrigerated pie crust. Cover crust well with 1 cup toasted almonds.
2. In a medium mixing bowl, place wine and cornstarch. Mix well until cornstarch is well dissolved. Pour in blackberry preserves. Blend well together until a smooth liquid is acquired. Pour in 2 cups of marshmallows and fold together.
3. Arrange 1 cup of blackberries over the toasted almonds in the dough shell. Pour the wine/marshmallow solution over the fresh blackberries. Place in preheated oven for 35 minutes.
4. Remove from oven and top with remainder of marshmallow and fresh blackberries. Evenly distribute the remainder of the toasted almonds. Allow to cool completely and serve.


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text:
Christian liturgy
Pattern for worship used by a Christian congregation or denomination
"Christian rite" redirects here. For other uses, see Rite (Christianity).
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Christian liturgy is a pattern for worship used (whether recommended or prescribed) by a Christian congregation or denomination on a regular basis. The term liturgy comes from Greek and means "public work". Within Christianity, liturgies descending from the same region, denomination, or culture are described as ritual families.
Communion liturgies
Commonalities
Partial list of Christian liturgical rites
Western Christian churches
United and Uniting churches
Eastern Christian churches
The majority of Christian denominations hold church services on the Lord's Day (with many offering Sunday morning and Sunday evening services); a number of traditions have mid-week Wednesday evening services as well. [upper-alpha 1] [3] [2] In some Christian denominations, liturgies are held daily, with these including those in which the canonical hours are prayed, as well as the offering of the Eucharistic liturgies such as Mass, among other forms of worship. [4] In addition to this, many Christians attend services of worship on holy days such as Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, Ascension Thursday, among others depending on the Christian denomination. [5]
In most Christian traditions, liturgies are presided over by clergy wherever possible.
The holding of church services pertains to the observance of the Lord's Day in Christianity. [2] The Bible has a precedent for a pattern of morning and evening worship that has given rise to Sunday morning and Sunday evening services of worship held in the churches of many Christian denominations today, a "structure to help families sanctify the Lord's Day." [2] In Numbers 28:1–10 and Exodus 29:38–39, "God commanded the daily offerings in the tabernacle to be made once in the morning and then again at twilight". [2] In Psalm 92, which is a prayer concerning the observance of the Sabbath, the prophet David writes "It is good to give thanks to the Lord, to sing praises to your name, O Most High; to declare your steadfast love in the morning, and your faithfulness by night" (cf. Psalm 134:1). [2] Church father Eusebius of Caesarea thus declared: "For it is surely no small sign of God's power that throughout the whole world in the churches of God at the morning rising of the sun and at the evening hours, hymns, praises, and truly divine delights are offered to God. God's delights are indeed the hymns sent up everywhere on earth in his Church at the times of morning and evening." [2]
The Catholic Mass is the service in which the Eucharist is celebrated. In Latin, the corresponding word is Missa, taken from the dismissal at the end of the liturgy - Ite, Missa est, literally "Go, it is the dismissal", translated idiomatically in the current English Roman Missal as "Go forth, the Mass is ended." Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches call this service the Divine Liturgy. The descendant Churches of the Church of the East and various other Syriac Churches call their Liturgy the Holy Qurbana - Holy Offering. Anglicans often use the Roman Catholic term mass, or simply Holy Eucharist. Mass is the common term used in the Lutheran Church in Europe but more often referred to as the Divine Service, Holy Communion, or the Holy Eucharist in North American Lutheranism. The Byzantine Rite uses the term "Divine Liturgy" to denote the Eucharistic service. [6]
Lutherans retained and utilized much of the Roman Catholic mass since the early modifications by Martin Luther. The general order of the mass and many of the various aspects remain similar between the two traditions. Latin titles for the sections, psalms, and days has been widely retained, but more recent reforms have omitted this. Recently, Lutherans have adapted much of their revised mass to coincide with the reforms and language changes brought about by post-Vatican II changes.[ citation needed ]
Protestant traditions vary in their liturgies or "orders of worship" (as they are commonly called). Other traditions in the west often called "Mainline" have benefited from the Liturgical Movement which flowered in the mid/late 20th century. Over the course of the past several decades, these Protestant traditions have developed remarkably similar patterns of liturgy, drawing from ancient sources as the paradigm for developing proper liturgical expressions. Of great importance to these traditions has been a recovery of a unified pattern of Word and Sacrament in Lord's Day liturgy.[ citation needed ]
Many other Protestant Christian traditions (such as the Pentecostal/Charismatics, Assembly of God, and Non-denominational churches), while often following a fixed "order of worship", tend to have liturgical practices that vary from that of the broader Christian tradition.[ citation needed ]
The term "Divine Office" describes the practice of "marking the hours of each day and sanctifying the day with prayer". [7]
In the Western Catholic Church, there are multiple forms of the office. The Liturgy of the Hours is the official form of the office used throughout the Latin Church, but many other forms exist including the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the forms of the office specific to various religious orders, and the Roman Breviary which was Standard before the Second Vatican Council, to name a few. [8] There were eight such hours, corresponding to certain times of the day: Matins (sometimes called Vigil), Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline. The Second Vatican Council ordered the suppression of Prime. [9]
In monasteries, Matins was generally celebrated before dawn, or sometimes over the course of a night; Lauds at the end of Matins, generally at the break of day; Prime at 6 AM; Terce at 9AM; Sext at noon; None at 3PM; Vespers at the rising of the Vespers or Evening Star (usually about 6PM); and Compline was said at the end of the day, generally right before bed time.
In Anglican churches, the offices were combined into two offices: Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer, the latter sometimes known as Evensong. In more recent years, the Anglicans have added the offices of Noonday and Compline to Morning and Evening Prayer as part of the Book of Common Prayer . The Anglican Breviary, containing 8 full offices, is not the official liturgy of the Anglican Church.
In Lutheranism, like Anglicanism, the offices were also combined into the two offices of Matins and Vespers (both of which are still maintained in modern Lutheran prayer books and hymnals). A common practice among Lutherans in America is to pray these offices mid-week during Advent and Lent. The office of Compline is also found in some older Lutheran worship books and more typically used in monasteries and seminaries.
The Byzantine Rite maintains a daily cycle of seven non-sacramental services:
Vespers (Gk. Hesperinos) at sunset commences the liturgical day
Compline (Gk. Apodeipnou, "after supper")
Midnight Office (Gk. mesonyktikon)
Matins (Gk. Orthros), ending at dawn (in theory; in practice, the time varies greatly)
The First Hour
The Third and Sixth Hours
The Ninth Hour
The sundry Canonical Hours are, in practice, grouped together into aggregates so that there are three major times of prayer a day: Evening, Morning and Midday; for details, see Canonical hours — Aggregates.
Great Vespers as it is termed in the Byzantine Rite, is an extended vespers service used on the eve of a major Feast day, or in conjunction with the divine liturgy, or certain other special occasions.
There are common elements found in most Western liturgical churches which predate the Protestant Reformation. These include:[ citation needed ]
The Procession with the cross, followed by the other acolytes, the deacons and the priest
The Invocation (beginning with the Sign of the Cross)
Confession at the foot of the altar
Introit, Psalms, Hymns, chants
Kyrie and Gloria
Liturgical Readings (call and response)
Alleluia Verse and other responses
Scripture readings at Gereja Santa, Indonesia
Scripture readings, culminating in a reading from one of the Gospels.
The Creed
Commemoration of the Saints and prayers for the faithful departed.
Intercessory prayers for the church and its leadership, and often, for earthly rulers.
A division between the first half of the liturgy, open to both Church members and those wanting to learn about the church, and the second half, the celebration of the Eucharist proper, open only to baptized believers in good standing with the church.
The Consecration
The Offertory Prayer
Sanctus prayer as part of the anaphora
A three-fold dialogue between priest and people at the beginning of the anaphora or eucharistic prayer
An anaphora, eucharistic canon, "great thanksgiving", canon or "hallowing", said by the priest in the name of all present, in order to consecrate the bread and wine as the Body and Blood of Christ.
A prayer to God the Father, usually invoking the Holy Spirit, asking that the bread and wine become, or be manifested as, the body and blood of Christ.
Expressions within the anaphora which indicate that sacrifice is being offered in remembrance of Christ's crucifixion.
A section of the anaphora which asks that those who receive communion may be blessed thereby, and often, that they may be preserved in the faith until the end of their lives
The Peace or "Passing of the Peace"
Different Christian traditions have employed different rites:
Catholic Church (Western)
Main articles: Latin liturgical rites and Catholic liturgy
Roman Rite, in which the historical forms of the Mass are usually classified as follows:
Pre-Tridentine Mass (the various pre-1570 forms)
The Tridentine Mass (1570–1969), the 1962 version of which is still permitted as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite as confirmed by Summorum Pontificum
The Mass of Paul VI, since 1970 the ordinary form of the Roman Rite (1970–present)
Anglican Use, (in personal ordinariates and Anglican Use parishes)
Ambrosian Rite (in Milan, Italy and neighbouring areas)
Aquileian Rite (defunct: northeastern Italy)
Rite of Braga (in Braga, Portugal)
Durham Rite (defunct: Durham, England)
Gallican Rite (defunct: 'Gaul' i.e. France)
Mozarabic Rite (in Toledo and Salamanca, Spain)
Celtic Rite (defunct: British Isles)
Sarum Rite (defunct: England)
Catholic Order Rites (generally defunct)
Benedictine Rite
Carmelite Rite
Carthusian Rite
Cistercian Rite
Dominican Rite
Norbertine Rite
Protestant churches
Historic Protestant Churches have set liturgies, which are referred to as "worship services" or "divine services".
Congregants attend the Divine Service in a Dutch Reformed Church, Doornspijk
Main article: Reformed worship
Protestant Reformation-era ministers of the Reformed tradition used set liturgies which emphasized preaching and the Bible. English Puritans and separatists moved away from set forms in the 17th-century, but many[ which? ] Reformed churches retained liturgies and continue to use them today.
Lutheran churches
Church of Denmark
Church of Sweden
Church of Finland
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia
Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
Divine Service
At the time of English Reformation, The Sarum Rite was in use along with the Roman Rite. Reformers in England wanted the Latin mass translated into the English language. Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer authored the Exhortation and Litany in 1544. This was the earliest English-language service book of the Church of England, and the only English-language service to be finished within the lifetime of King Henry VIII. [10] In 1549, Cranmer produced a complete English-language liturgy. Cranmer was largely responsible for the first two editions of the Book of Common Prayer . The first edition was predominantly pre-Reformation in its outlook. The Communion Service, Lectionary, and collects in the liturgy were translations based on the Sarum Rite [11] as practised in Salisbury Cathedral.
The revised edition in 1552 sought to assert a more clearly Protestant liturgy after problems arose from conservative interpretation of the mass on the one hand, and a critique by Martin Bucer (Butzer) on the other. Successive revisions are based on this edition, though important alterations appeared in 1604 and 1662. The 1662 edition is still authoritative in the Church of England and has served as the basis for many of Books of Common Prayer of national Anglican churches around the world. Those deriving from Scottish Episcopal descent, like the Prayer Books of the American Episcopal Church, have a slightly different liturgical pedigree.
Exhortation and Litany (1544)
The Methodist liturgical tradition is based on the Anglican heritage and was passed along to Methodists by John Wesley (an Anglican priest who led the early Methodist movement) who wrote that
there is no Liturgy in the world, either in ancient or modern language, which breathes more of a solid, scriptural, rational piety, than the Common Prayer of the Church of England. [12]
When the Methodists in America were separated from the Church of England, John Wesley himself provided a revised version of the Book of Common Prayer called The Sunday Service of the Methodists . Wesley's Sunday Service has shaped the official liturgies of the Methodists ever since.
The United Methodist Church has official liturgies for services of Holy Communion, baptism, weddings, funerals, ordination, anointing of the sick for healing, and daily office "praise and prayer" services. Along with these, there are also special services for holy days such as All Saints Day, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter Vigil. All of these liturgies and services are contained in The United Methodist Hymnal and The United Methodist Book of Worship (1992) . [13] Many of these liturgies are derived from the Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer . In most cases, congregations also use other elements of liturgical worship, such as candles, vestments, paraments, banners, and liturgical art.
Because John Wesley advocated outdoor evangelism, revival services are a traditional worship practice of Methodism that are often held in local churches, as well as at outdoor camp meetings, brush arbour revivals, and at tent revivals. [14] [15] [16]
Church of South India
The liturgy of the Church of South India combines many traditions, including that of the Methodists and such smaller churches as the Church of the Brethren and the Disciples of Christ. After the formation of the Church of South India the first synod met at Madurai in March 1948 and appointed a liturgical committee. The first Synod in 1948 (where the Holy Communion service was that of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland) appointed a liturgy committee, composed mainly of Western theologians. The liturgy so prepared was first used at the Synod Session in 1950 and approved for use throughout the church "wherever it is desired" in 1954. The first version of the Confirmation Service for the new church was also released in 1950, translated into regional languages and was quickly adopted by the various dioceses.
By 1962 the Liturgy Committee was able to prepare a number of Orders. They were Eucharist, Morning and Evening Prayer, Marriage Service, Burial Service, Ordination Service and Covenant Service (1954), Holy Baptism (1955) and Almanac (1955–56). The Book of Common Worship of the CSI was published in 1963 with all the above orders of service. The orders of service consist of: Order for Morning and Evening Worship, Order of Service for the Baptized Persons, Order for Holy Baptism, Order for the Churching of Women, Order for Holy Matrimony, Order for the Burial Service, Order for the Covenant Service, Order for Ordination Services.
The CSI liturgy was again revised in the year 2004 and published as a hardback book in 2006.
The CSI Synod Liturgical Committee has developed several new orders for worship for different occasions. The order for the Communion Service, known as the CSI Liturgy, has been internationally acclaimed as an important model for new liturgies. The Committee has also produced three different cycles of lectionaries for daily Bible readings and "propers", and collects for Communion services. In addition, the Committee has also brought out a Supplement to the Book of Common Worship.
Liturgy of St. James (Byzantine Rite)
Liturgy of St Basil (Byzantine Rite)
Liturgy of St John Chrysostom (Byzantine Rite)
Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts (Byzantine Rite)
Western Rites
Numerous; see Western Rites in Orthodox
Liturgy of St. James (West Syriac Rite)
Liturgy of St. Cyril, also known as Liturgy of St. Mark (Alexandrian Rite)
Liturgy of St. Basil the Great (Alexandrian & Armenian Rites)
Liturgy of St. Gregory the Theologian (Alexandrian Rite)
Liturgy of St. Gregory the Illuminator (Armenian Rite)
Assyrian Church of the East
Liturgy of Addai and Mari (East Syriac Rite)
The Hallowing of Nestorius (East Syriac Rite)
The Hallowing of Theodore of Mopsuestia (East Syriac Rite)
The Eastern Catholic Churches
Main article: Eastern Catholic liturgy
Alexandrian liturgical tradition; 2 rites
Coptic Rite
Ethiopic Rite
Antiochian (Antiochene or West-Syriac) liturgical tradition; 3 rites
(West) Syriac Rite
Maronite Rite
Syro-Malankara Rite
Armenian Rite; 1 rite
East Syriac or Chaldean liturgical tradition; 2 rites
Chaldean Rite
Syro-Malabar Rite
Byzantine (Constantinopolitan) liturgical tradition (very uniform except in language); 14 rites
Albanian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Greek, Hungarian, Italo-Albanian, Macedonian, Melkite, Romanian, Russian, Ruthenian, Slovak, Ukrainian Rite
Anglican devotions
Apostolic Tradition
List of Catholic rites and churches
↑ The majority of Christian denominations teach that Sunday is the Lord's Day on which all the faithful must assemble to offer worship to God (cf. first-day Sabbatarianism ). A minority of Christian denominations that follow seventh-day Sabbatarianism organize worship on Saturdays. [1] [2]
Mass is the main Eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity. The term Mass is commonly used in the Catholic Church, Western Rite Orthodoxy, Old Catholicism, and Independent Catholicism. The term is used in some Lutheran churches, as well as in some Anglican churches. The term is also used, on rare occasion, by other Protestant churches.
Vespers is a liturgy of evening prayer, one of the canonical hours in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican liturgies. The word for this fixed prayer time comes from the Latin vesper, meaning "evening".
Divine Liturgy or Holy Liturgy is the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine Rite, developed from the Antiochene Rite of Christian liturgy which is that of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. As such, it is used in the Eastern Orthodox, the Greek Catholic Churches, and the Ukrainian Lutheran Church. Although the same term is sometimes applied in English to the Eucharistic service of Armenian Christians, both of the Armenian Apostolic Church and of the Armenian Catholic Church, they use in their own language a term meaning "holy offering" or "holy sacrifice". Other churches also treat "Divine Liturgy" simply as one of many names that can be used, but it is not their normal term.
Holy Week is the most sacred week in the liturgical year in Christianity. In Eastern Churches, which includes Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Eastern Lutheran traditions, Holy Week occurs the week after Lazarus Saturday and starts on the evening of Palm Sunday. In the denominations of the Western Christianity, which includes the Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, Moravianism, Anglicanism, Methodism and Reformed Christianity, it begins with Palm Sunday and concludes on Easter Sunday. For all Christian traditions it is a moveable observance. In Eastern Rite Churches, Holy Week starts after 40 days of Lent and two transitional days, namely Saturday of Lazarus and Palm Sunday. In the Western Christian Churches, Holy Week falls on the last week of Lent or Sixth Lent Week.
In the practice of Christianity, canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of fixed times of prayer at regular intervals. A book of hours, chiefly a breviary, normally contains a version of, or selection from, such prayers.
The epiclesis refers to the invocation of one or several gods. In ancient Greek religion, the epiclesis was the epithet used as the surname given to a deity in religious contexts. The term was borrowed into the Christian tradition, where it designates the part of the Anaphora by which the priest invokes the Holy Spirit upon the Eucharistic bread and wine in some Christian churches. In most Eastern Christian traditions, the Epiclesis comes after the Anamnesis ; in the Western Rite it usually precedes. In the historic practice of the Western Christian Churches, the consecration is effected at the Words of Institution though during the rise of the Liturgical Movement, many denominations introduced an explicit epiclesis in their liturgies.
The Byzantine Rite, also known as the Greek Rite or the Rite of Constantinople, is a liturgical rite that also identifies the wide range of cultural, devotional, and canonical practices that developed in the Eastern Christian Church of Constantinople.
Easter Vigil, also called the Paschal Vigil or the Great Vigil of Easter, is a liturgy held in traditional Christian churches as the first official celebration of the Resurrection of Jesus. Historically, it is during this liturgy that people are baptized and that adult catechumens are received into full communion with the Church. It is held in the hours of darkness between sunset on Holy Saturday and sunrise on Easter Day – most commonly in the evening of Holy Saturday or midnight – and is the first celebration of Easter, days traditionally being considered to begin at sunset.
Holy Monday or Great and Holy Monday is a day of the Holy Week, which is the week before Easter. According to the gospels, on this day Jesus Christ cursed the fig tree, cleansed the temple, and responded to the questioning of his authority.
In Christianity, worship is the act of attributing reverent honour and homage to God. In the New Testament, various words are used to refer to the term worship. One is proskuneo which means to bow down to God or kings.
The Epiphany season, also known as Epiphanytide or the time of Sundays After Epiphany, is a liturgical period, celebrated by many Christian Churches, which immediately follows the Christmas season. It begins on Epiphany Day, and ends at various points as defined by those denominations. The typical liturgical color for the day of Epiphany is white, and the typical color for Epiphany season is green.
Eucharistic discipline is the term applied to the regulations and practices associated with an individual preparing for the reception of the Eucharist. Different Christian traditions require varying degrees of preparation, which may include a period of fasting, prayer, repentance, and confession.
The Mass of the Lord's Supper, also known as A Service of Worship for Maundy Thursday, is a Holy Week service celebrated on the evening of Maundy Thursday. It inaugurates the Easter Triduum, and commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples, more explicitly than other celebrations of the Mass.
The Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition, also known as the Anaphora of Hippolytus, is an ancient Christian Anaphora which is found in chapter four of the Apostolic Tradition. It should not be confused with the Syriac Orthodox Anaphora of the Twelve Apostles, which is similar, and may be one of several liturgies derived from this Anaphora, yet is considerably longer and more ornate.
Eastern Orthodox worship in this article is distinguished from Eastern Orthodox prayer in that 'worship' refers to the activity of the Christian Church as a body offering up prayers to God while 'prayer' refers to the individual devotional traditions of the Orthodox.
A liturgical book, or service book, is a book published by the authority of a church body that contains the text and directions for the liturgy of its official religious services.
In many Western Christian traditions Midnight Mass is the first liturgy of Christmastide that is celebrated on the night of Christmas Eve, traditionally beginning at midnight when Christmas Eve gives way to Christmas Day. This popular Christmas custom is a jubilant celebration of the Mass or Service of Worship in honour of the Nativity of Jesus; even many of those Christian denominations that do not regularly employ the word "Mass" uniquely use the term "Midnight Mass" for their Christmas Eve liturgy as it includes the celebration of Holy Communion.
Protestant liturgy or Evangelical liturgy is a pattern for worship used by a Protestant congregation or denomination on a regular basis. The term liturgy comes from Greek and means "public work". Liturgy is especially important in the Historical Protestant churches, both mainline and evangelical, while Baptist, Pentecostal, and nondenominational churches tend to be very flexible and in some cases have no liturgy at all. It often but not exclusively occurs on Sunday.
Anglican liturgy usually refers to liturgies according the Book of Common Prayer and its derivatives. It may also refer to the following liturgies and liturgical books used by churches and groups in the Anglican Christian tradition:
The Eastern Catholic Churches of the Catholic Church utilize liturgies originating in Eastern Christianity, distinguishing them from the majority of Catholic liturgies which are celebrated according to the Latin liturgical rites of the Latin Church. While some of these sui iuris churches are of the same liturgical ritual families as other Eastern Catholic churches and Eastern churches not in full communion with Rome, each church retains the right to institute its own canonical norms, liturgical books, and practices for the ritual celebration of the Eucharist, other sacraments, and canonical hours.
↑ Hughes, James R. (2006). "The Sabbath: A Universal and Enduring Ordinance of God" (PDF). Reformed Presbyterian Church . Retrieved 6 October 2020.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Why an Evening Worship Service?". Christ United Reformed Church. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
↑ The Korean Repository, Volume 3. Trilingual Press. 21 August 1896. p. 361. The Sunday morning service has been well attended, as have also the Sunday evening and Wednesday evening services.
↑ "Times of Worship". Saint Paul's Free Methodist Church. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
↑ Morgan, Bonnie (19 December 2019). Ordinary Saints: Women, Work, and Faith in Newfoundland. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 978-0-2280-0028-0. Starting with Shrove Tuesday (locally known as Pancake Day), and proceeding through Ash Wednesday to Good Friday, families increased their church attendance and, especially, engaged in the embodies practices of fasting and/or "giving up something for Lent."
↑ Mother Mary and Ware, Kallistos Timothy, Festal Menaion (3rd printing, 1998), St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, p. 555, ISBN 1-878997-00-9
↑ Fernand Cabrol, "Divine Office" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1911)
↑ United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. "Liturgy of the Hours" . Retrieved 19 January 2015.
↑ Second Vatican Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, 89 d Archived February 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
↑ F Procter & W. H. Frere, A New History of the Book of Common Prayer (Macmillan, 1905) p. 31.
↑ Bevan, G. M. (1908). Portraits of the Archbishops of Canterbury. London: Mowbray.
↑ Works of John Wesley, vol. XVI, page 304
↑ 2008 Book of Discipline paragraph 1114.3
↑ Winn, Christian T. Collins (2007). From the Margins: A Celebration of the Theological Work of Donald W. Dayton. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 115. ISBN 9781630878320. In addition to these separate denominational groupings, one needs to give attention to the large pockets of the Holiness movement that have remained within the United Methodist Church. The most influential of these would be the circles dominated by Asbury College and Asbury Theological Seminary (both in Wilmore, KY), but one could speak of other colleges, innumerable local campmeetings, the vestiges of various local Holiness associations, independent Holiness oriented missionary societies and the like that have had great impact within United Methodism. A similar pattern would exist in England with the role of Cliff College within Methodism in that context.
↑ Dresser, Thomas (4 May 2015). Martha's Vineyard: A History. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 57. ISBN 9781625849045.
↑ Chilcote, Paul W.; Warner, Laceye C. (13 February 2008). The Study of Evangelism: Exploring a Missional Practice of the Church. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 206. ISBN 9780802803917.
Reed, Luther D. (1947) The Lutheran Liturgy: a Study [especially] of the Common Service of the Lutheran Church in America. Philadelphia, Penn.: Muhlenberg Press. N.B.: This study also includes some coverage of other Lutheran liturgical services, especially of Matins and Vespers
"Liturgy Archive". Archived from the original on April 10, 2004. Retrieved February 2, 2005.
"Liturgy, in the "Catholic Encyclopedia"". Archived from the original on August 16, 2000.
"Orthodox Tradition and the Liturgy". Archived from the original on 2011-01-19.
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Investiture Controversy
Catholic Reformation
Persecution:
(list, members)
Western Rite Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
Latter Day Saint movement
Four marks
One true church
Ablution
Views on poverty and wealth
Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
Popular piety
Role in civilization
Cultural Christians
Crusading movement
Left/Right
Charta Oecumenica
World Evangelical Alliance
Nondenominationalism
Christianityportal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Great stay. Amazing host. Tube nearby giving good access to all major city attractions. Great residential neighbourhood with local life. Clean flat with all basic amenities.
Very well priced accommodation- out of the city but a short trip by public transport!


Public Ad Campaign: Jersey Joe (AKA Rime) for Converse?
Jersey Joe (AKA Rime) for Converse?
Jersey Joe (AKA Rime) finished a mural yesterday on Grand and Union in Brooklyn. I happened to be walking by while he was painting and asked him a few questions about the mural, including how he came upon painting this location as it is the third mural to go up on this corner over the last few months. Rime explained that it was actually Converse that had obtained permission for the mural to be painted.
Normally I am opposed to commercial companies contracting artists to paint "art" murals as the murals usually end up being glorified advertisements in the end. This morning on my way to the studio I walked by the finished mural and was happily surprised to see that despite Converse contracting Rime to paint this mural, there was almost no branding whatsoever. In fact the only branding I could see was the small Converse star painted on the shoes of one of Rimes characters, a detail i might have missed if I wasnt aggressively looking for branding in the first place.
This mural raises some interesting questions about commercial collaborations between artists in public space. Can a company sponsor artistic endeavors and refrain from burdening the viewer with the type of one way message associated with brand recognition. If so, can those collaborations also prove fruitful for a company as word of mouth and social networks make potential customers aware that they were in fact responsible for the mural or artwork that we are seeing in public space, engendering a stronger brand loyalty through the recognition of their altruism. If so, what might public space look like if advertising in its traditional form was banned but the un-branded sponsoring of art was an acceptable way for companies to engage the public in public space?


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Ramsey Nouah Net Worth & Biography
Okoye PhilipJune 27, 2020No comment
posted on Jun. 27, 2020 at 1:22 pm July 2, 2020
Ramsey Nouah
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah Jr was born on the 19th of December 1970. Ramsey Noah is household name in every home in Nigeria, he is an actor with Nigerian film industry Nollywood.
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah has starred in over 100 movies to his credit, and had gone ahead to win numerous award amongst them In 2010 when he won "Africa Movie Academy Award" for being the Best Lead actor.
Ramsey Nouah Profile Overview
Ramsey Tokumbo Nouah Jr
Birthday: 19 December, 1970
Place of Birth: Edo State, Nigeria
Occupation: Actor
Net Worth: $4.5 million (N1,624,500,000)
Partner(s): Emelia Philips-Nouah.
Death-O-Meter: Alive
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah 's Early life
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah Jr, was born to an Israeli father, his mother is of Yoruba tribe who hails from Owo in Ondo State, South West, Nigeria. Although he was born in Edo state, he however, grew up on the street of Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. Ramsey Nouah Lagos attended the Atara Primary Schools and he did his secondary schoolat the Community Grammar School in Lagos, he however had his University education at the University of Lagos, as he graduated with a mass communication degree.
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah 's Career In Nollywood
Ramsey Nouah came into limelight when he starred in the Nigerian popular TV soap opera titled "Fortunes". Mr. Nouah since his introduction into the Movie Industry through the popular Soapy has then appeared in other films starring mainly as lead actor. Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah is known for his numerous romantic flicks, this made his fans to give him the title "Lover-Boy".
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah 's Awards
For his hard work and committement in the movie industry Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah was in 2010 give the "African Movie Academy Award for Best Actor" that's for his Lead Role performance and also the "Best Picture award winning film" for "The Figurine". Till today, Ramsey Nouah is still considered one of the most sought after actors in the Nigeria movie industry (Nollywood).
Ramse Nouah 's Marriage and Personal Life
Ramsey Nouah married his long time heart throb Emelia Philips Nouah and the union is blessed with three children, two sons and then a daughter, Quincy Camil Nouah, Desiree Nouah and then the last boy.
Ramsey Tokunbo Nouah 's Net Worth
This handsome star is also a famous Nollywood actor who is often called 'lover boy' by his fans. In the 1990s, he starred in the series Fortunes. Since then, he has acted in over one hundred films, earning enough money to become one of the richest Nigerian actors.
Nouah's net worth is approximately 4.5 million U.S. dollars.
Okoye Philip June 27, 2020
Angelique Kidjo Net Worth & Biography
Nkem Owoh Net Worth & Biograaphy
Laycon Net Worth & Biography


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Tamworth set to extend lead despite loss of back pair
TAMWORTH have lost a second full-back inside a week after learning Des Lyttle will not play again until February.
Gary Mills' table-topping Lambs had to rule out left-back Dominic Langdon for eight weeks after he suffered a broken foot in a friendly last week.
But now veteran right-back Lyttle has been left on the casualty list with a serious hamstring pull. The former Albion and Nottingham Forest player made his comeback from an ankle injury in Saturday's win over Solihull Moors but only played for five minutes before he was hurt. He faces a six-week recovery period.
"It's disappointing to lose Dom, our left-back, and then to lose our right-back Des," said assistant manager Darron Gee. "But we have to get on with it and it's up to the players who come in to grasp their chance."
The Lambs look to extend their lead at the top of the Blue Square North to four points tonight when they face Alfreton Town at The Lamb. They are otherwise unchanged.
Redditch United will hand debuts to a trio of new signings when they welcome Fleetwood Town to the Valley Stadium.
Having snapped up Lucan Spittle last week, manager Gary Whild has continued to rebuild his squad by recruiting young left-sided player Craig Jones and Leicester-based forward Jordan Smith.
Young striker Aman Verma became the latest player to exit yesterday when he confirmed his move to League One title-chasers Leicester City.
The Reds have cut admission prices by £2 for the game against Fleetwood, with adults admission now £8.
Justin Rowe will be hoping to make his comeback after six weeks on the sidelines when hosts Halesowen Town face Stourport Swifts in the Worcestershire Senior Cup.
The striker, who has scored eight goals, has been struggling with tendonitis in his knee and is set to play some part in the quarter-final tie at The Grove.
Manager Morell Maison will shuffle his line-up with Erik Hummell, Dino Melitas, Danny Campbell, Dean Smith and Darren Caskey ready to slot in. But Jack Allward (groin) has joined Chris Nurse (fractured cheekbone) on the casualty list.


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Ray Wylie Hubbard at the SOLD OUT WDVX-Travaganza 10/21!
When it comes to down 'n' dirty roots 'n' roll, nobody in the wide world of Americana music today does it better than Ray Wylie Hubbard. From his humble beginnings as an Oklahoma folkie in the '60s to his wild ride through the '70s progressive country movement, and onward through the honky-tonk fog of the '80s to his sobriety-empowered comeback as a songwriter's songwriter in the '90s, Hubbard was already a bona fide legend by the time he really found his groove right at the turn of the 21st century. Hubbard is perhaps best known as the writer of songs separated by three decades: "Up Against the Wall, Redneck Mother," made famous by fellow Texan Jerry Jeff Walker, and "Snake Farm," which never fails to get live audiences dancing.
Ray Wylie Hubbard's latest album is the 'Ruffians Misfortune' which was released last year. Check out Ray performing "Stone Blind Horses" from that album.
We cannot wait to see Ray Wylie Hubbard and special guest Elizabeth Cook perform at this year's WDVX-Travaganza! This will truly be a night to remember and it would not be possible without the support of our presenting sponsor LHP Capital!
Published on October 19, 2016 by WDVX Social Media.


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11 firefighters injured in LA battling blaze
LOS ANGELES (AFP) – Eleven firefighters were injured, three of them critically, in downtown Los Angeles when a fire in a commercial smoke shop sparked a major explosion and spread to nearby structures on Saturday evening, officials said.
Crews had entered the building to battle what was initially thought to be a minor blaze when they noticed that the smoke pressure was escalating and decided to evacuate, Los Angeles Fire Department Chief Ralph Terrazas told reporters.
He said the blast occurred as the firefighters were leaving the building from the roof and the ground floor.
"A witness account is that our firefighters came down the aerial ladder from the roof with their turnout coats on fire," Terrazas said. Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti said three firefighters had critical but not life-threatening injuries and another had serious injuries, while the remainder had varying degrees of burns.
"There are no symptoms of blast injuries but there's potential evidence of chemical inhalation," Garcetti said.
"Good news is, everybody's gonna make it," he added.
A firefighter drags a hose on San Pedro Street after a fire in a single-storey commercial building sparked an explosion in the Toy District of downtown Los Angeles. PHOTO: AFP
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from django.db import models
from dynamic_scraper.models import Scraper, SchedulerRuntime
from scrapy.contrib_exp.djangoitem import DjangoItem

class EventWebsite(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    scraper = models.ForeignKey(Scraper, blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
    url = models.URLField()
    scraper_runtime = models.ForeignKey(SchedulerRuntime, blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name + " (" + str(self.id) + ")"

class Event(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    event_website = models.ForeignKey(EventWebsite)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    url = models.URLField()
    checker_runtime = models.ForeignKey(SchedulerRuntime, blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.title + " (" + str(self.id) + ")"

class EventItem(DjangoItem):
    django_model = Event

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
is a Japanese former boxer. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. At the 1952 Summer Olympics, he lost to Mircea Dobrescu of Romania.

References

External links

1929 births
Possibly living people
Japanese male boxers
Olympic boxers of Japan
Boxers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Flyweight boxers
20th-century Japanese people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Book Review: The Lost Hero (The Heroes of Olympus, #1) by Rick Riordan
Started on: 5.December.2014
Finished on: 13.December.2014
The Lost Hero (The Heroes of Olympus, #1) by Rick Riordan
Title : The Lost Hero (The Heroes of Olympus, #1)
Publisher : Disney Hyperion
Pages : 557 pages / 540 pages (e-book)
Price : $ 13.17 (www.bookdepository.com/)
"I hoped that after he succeeded in the Titan War and saved Mount Olympus, we might have some peace. I might be able to enjoy one final triumph, a happy ending, and perhaps retire quietly. I should have known better. The last chapter approaches, just as it did before. The worst is yet to come."
Jason suddenly woke up in the backseat of a school bus without a single memory on his mind. He couldn't even remember his name, and couldn't recall the two people who claimed to be his best friends: a pretty girl called Piper who said she's his girlfriend, and a boy named Leo. They are on a field trip to the Grand Canyon when suddenly one of their classmates turned into a Venti—storm spirit—and started attacking them. Their trip leader, Coach Hedge, who then turned into a satyr sacrificed himself and saved the three of them. Soon after the fight, a girl named Annabeth arrived on a flying chariot whilst looking for her missing boyfriend, Percy Jackson. The three of them are told that they are demigods, children of gods and mortals. And they are taken to Camp Half-Blood, to figure out what's exactly happening.
"Now is the time to pay your debt, she said. Find my prison. Free me, or their king will rise from the earth, and I will be destroyed. You will never retrieve your memory."
Upon their arrival at Camp Half-Blood, the three of them are separated to get further explanation. Jason went with Chiron, the director of the Camp, who said that Jason should've been dead—which leads to much more questions in Jason's head. Piper had something on her mind that worries her, and she kept having visions that scared her even more. On the other hand, Leo was quickly claimed by his godly father and settled in his cursed cabin. Later he found out, he's probably the only one who could solve the problem.
"Seven half-bloods shall answer the call. To storm or fire the world must fall—an oath to keep with a final breath / And foes bear arms to the Doors of Death."
As they're discovering themselves in the Camp, they figured out they must go on a quest to rescue Hera, to be able to avoid worse things that are yet to come. The three of them—Jason, Piper, and Leo—are the ones who'll be going, to finish the quest and retrieve Jason's memory back. But their journey won't be easy because the monsters are unleashed and came back from the dead. And it will also be a test to their friendship, which will determine their end.
"When monsters no longer stay in Tartarus, and souls are no longer confined to Hades... Olympus has good reason to fear."
I am so happy to finally be able to start reading this series. Mostly I'm just glad to be back into this world created by Rick Riordan and just sink into the wonderfulness of his writing. This book is so much fun to read, action-packed, fast-paced, fun and everything about it makes me want to keep reading. It's definitely very engaging right from the start. I also love the new set of characters, although I know that Percy Jackson will also be making a comeback in this series soon. And yes, I'm looking forward to more and more goodness as this series progresses ♥♥
The book is written from the perspectives of our 3 main characters in this book: Jason, Piper, and Leo. There are a lot of confusing things at first, obviously because Jason remembers nothing, and the other two are just as clueless. It was when they met Annabeth, things started to get a little clearer and they were brought to Camp Half-Blood. And from that point onwards, the three of them started discovering themselves and their identity as a demigod. Then came the quest which the three of them must complete to be able to discover what's going to happen next, and especially to retrieve Jason's memory back. I don't really want to say anything else other than that, because I don't want to spoil anything! There's a lot of mystery right from the beginning, and the way the story unfolds little by little is what makes it exciting to read. Sometimes it can be pleasantly irritating when a secret is about to be revealed, but then suddenly something/someone interrupted the moment. And that actually pushed me to keep reading until the end, when everything finally made sense. There are also a lot of interesting villains throughout the story, and it's fun to see a twist in Greek Mythology. I was quite shocked when I found out who's the 'big boss' behind all the bad things that are about to happen. Because I obviously had no idea when the others are giving hints about 'her' being extremely strong and undefeated. But I won't spoil anything here, you will have to discover it for yourself ;) As I've said earlier, the whole book is fast-paced and action-packed; obstacles kept coming one after another. And it's really nice to see how the characters' relationships are built throughout the story. I absolutely love the ending, and it instantly made me want to jump right into the second book. It's a pretty shocking revelation, and I am eager to quickly discover what exactly happened to Percy.
"He was the class clown, the court jester, because he'd learned early that if you cracked jokes and pretended you weren't scared, you usually didn't get beat up. Even the baddest gangster kids would tolerate you, keep you around for laughs. Plus, humor was a good way to hide the pain."
As for the characters, let's start by talking about my favorite: Leo Valdez! Right from the beginning of this book, Leo managed to keep the smile on my face. He's the comic relief of the story, and I laughed at almost of his dialogues. But as the story goes, his character was developed further and I realized that he's not just a typical happy boy. He had a pretty dark childhood, and always had that scar he tried to cover up by cracking jokes all the time. And that conflicting side of his just made me sympathize with this character even more ♥♥ I think he has the coolest 'ability' in this book, compared to the other two. And I love how much he adores Festus, Happy the Dragon :))) However, it doesn't mean I don't love the rest of the characters. I still love Jason for his deadly good looks; but his personality and background is still pretty vague—since he didn't remember much about his life. Although we do find out a little bit about his story and his Roman side in this book, I still want to know more about Jason. We will see how his character develops in the continuation of the series. Piper is also a very interesting character, because of her unique ability and her undeniable attraction towards Jason (even though it was affected by the Mist). Piper is a strong character, and she also had her own dilemma, which puts her in a spot to make a choice: to betray her friends or not. Oh well, I really ship these two, so I hope they'll get together in the end *fingers crossed*
"She could never betray her friends, but the tiniest part of her was desperate enough to think, What if I did?"
I think this book is a great start to The Heroes of Olympus series, and I'm definitely looking forward to read the rest of it. The action, the mysteries, the adventures, the friendship, and even the little bit of romance—I love everything about this book. It does feel a bit confusing in the beginning, but everything made perfect sense in the end. I didn't remember much about Percy Jackson and the Olympians series, because I read it 4 years ago in 2010. Thankfully I don't really need to remember the details, because the story helped refresh my memory by recounting the past at certain points. For those of you who didn't read the Percy Jackson series, I think it'll be fine for you to read this one separately. But I personally think it would be better if you have read the Percy Jackson series, because you'll understand the situation of Camp Half-Blood and what happened before the story of Heroes of Olympus begins. In the end, I guess you can just decide for yourself :)) Anyways, I'm currently reading The Son of Neptune, the 2nd book in The Heroes of Olympus series. Hopefully I can finish it soon! ;))
"But beauty is about finding the right fit, the most natural fit. To be perfect, you have to feel perfect about yourself—avoid trying to be something you're not. For a goddess, that's especially hard. We can change so easily."
Labels: book review, bookies and favorites, ebook, english, fave books, fiction, Hyperion, Rating 5
Kalista Putri December 19, 2014 at 10:01 AM
Finally, your thoughts about this book! And another Jason and Piper shipper, yessh. It's nice to see another person not hating Piper from the first book because it's rare, you know. Anyway, this series is such a rave, haven't you got any spoilers relating to this series? Oh, and I love the Son of Jupiter the most!♡
Stefanie Sugia December 19, 2014 at 10:15 AM
Yeess I ship them! I do hope they get together in the end *but please don't spoil me* xD I haven't got any spoilers thankfully xD I've been avoiding the reviews related to the series until I finished reading :DD
i saw Legend series and The Ascendance Trilogy on your TBR list on goodreads. those two are pretty much my favorites, so i'm looking forward to knowing what you think once you finish them. :)
Stefanie Sugia December 19, 2014 at 8:08 PM
I'll get to those series soon, anon ;))


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Deals & Wins
Women Lawyers Group
DURHAM JONES & PINEGAR ELECTS 2019 BOARD OF DIRECTORS
January 25, 2019 – Durham Jones & Pinegar shareholders have elected nine attorneys to the firm's Board of Directors to serve for one year, managing the affairs of the firm. Those elected include Mark L. Astling, James D. Gilson, R. Blake Hamilton, Richard M. Hymas, Jeffrey M. Jones, N. Todd Leishman, Joshua E. Little, Kevin R. Pinegar and Douglas B. Thayer.
Mark L. Astling is a member of the firm's Business & Finance section. Mr. Astling advises a variety of corporate and pass-through entities and individuals on federal and state tax issues, including business formation, equity compensation, mergers and acquisitions, debt and equity offerings, tax accounting, tax exempt organizations, and other tax planning matters. He also represents taxpayers in IRS and state audits and administrative appeals, as well as deficiency litigation in the U.S. Tax Court.
James D. Gilson is a member of the firm's Litigation section. Mr. Gilson practices general business litigation, including contract, securities, real property, intellectual property, employment and probate disputes. He also represents businesses and individuals in white collar criminal defense matters, including federal and state regulatory proceedings.
Blake Hamilton is a member of the Litigation section. Mr. Hamilton practices civil rights litigation and governmental entity defense. He also has experience practicing in the areas of general civil litigation, real estate, construction, land use, landlord/tenant, business/finance, banking, tax, employment/labor and family law.
Richard M. Hymas is a member of the firm's Litigation section. Mr. Hymas' practice focuses on employment law and business litigation. He also advises employers on a broad range of employment and labor law matters, including compliance with federal and state employment laws, employee manuals, and proper classification of employees and independent contractors.
Jeffrey M. Jones is a member of the firm's Business & Finance section. Mr. Jones' practice concentrates on corporate and securities matters. He represents public and private companies in a broad range of matters, including: mergers and acquisitions, general corporate and corporate governance matters, commercial transactions, venture capital and other types of financing transactions, including private placements of debt and equity securities, preparation and filing of reports required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and securities listings on national stock exchanges.
N. Todd Leishman is a member of the firm's Business & Finance section. Mr. Leishman's practice concentrates on corporate and business law with emphasis on representing sellers in sales of privately owned companies to financial and strategic buyers; acquirers in mergers and acquisitions; and companies in debt and equity financing transactions. He also frequently negotiates and drafts complex commercial contracts such as manufacturing, licensing, lending and distribution agreements. Additionally, he counsels closely held entities regarding governance matters and control disputes, and works closely with the firm's Litigation section in connection with those matters.
Joshua E. Little is a member of the firm's Business & Finance section. Mr. Little represents public and private companies in a broad range of corporate finance and business combination transactions, including mergers, stock/asset acquisitions, other corporate partnering transactions, public and private securities offerings, debt and equity financing transactions, public disclosure compliance, as well as general legal advice to public and private companies.
Kevin R. Pinegar is a member of the firm's Business & Finance section. Mr. Pinegar's practice emphasizes corporate and securities law, including general corporate representation, public offerings, private placements, and mergers and acquisitions. He also has considerable experience in counseling publicly held companies on SEC compliance, disclosure matters and complex securities laws issues. He also has broad transactional experience, assisting with matters ranging from formation and early-stage venture financing to listings of publicly traded securities on U.S. exchanges.
Douglas B. Thayer is a member of the firm's Litigation section. Mr. Thayer is experienced in general civil and criminal litigation involving contracts, domestic litigation, fraud, embezzlement, and complex financial transactions. He has also represented plaintiffs and defendants in product liability, probate litigation and other types of litigation.
Jessica Hill	2019-01-29T18:37:22+00:00
Lien Services
UPOA
© 2018 DURHAM JONES & PINEGAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.


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Table of Contents - Current issue
Online since Thursday, December 29, 2022
Hearing aid interventions and its effect on hearing handicap inventory for elderly score among elders with bilateral hearing impairment: A meta-analysis on randomized-controlled trials p. 265
Navjot Kaur, C Vasantha Kalyani, Shiv Kumar Mudgal, B Athira, Rakhi Gaur, Saurabh Varshney
Background: Several elderly populations face impairment in hearing, difficulty in following discussions in the presence of multiple talkers, understanding the speech of unfamiliar people, understanding fast speech, and understanding speech in noisy environments. Many hearing rehabilitation programs came into the picture for the help of the elderly population. The aim of the meta-analysis was to assess the effect of hearing aid interventions on hearing handicap inventory for elderly (HHIE) scores among elders with bilateral hearing impairment in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Materials and Methods: Two independent reviewers searched for full-text RCTs from worldwide online databases named PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies from January 2000 to January 2022 in the English language conducted among humans were considered. The search strategy contains PICO format in which P-elders with bilateral hearing impairment, I-hearing aid intervention, C-placebo, O-HHIE scores as outcome measures. Results: A total of 28 trials were identified from online databases using PICO format further on evaluation 8 trials with a total of 445 participants were included for the final meta-analysis of the study. The pooled results after sensitivity analysis revealed that 7 trials had a significant reduction in mean difference (MD) of HHIE score among elders with bilateral hearing impairment (MD-2.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.24 to −0.19), P = 0.03 with heterogeneity (I2 = 48%, P = 0.07) in the fixed-effect model. The Stratified analysis was also done between subgroups as HHIE-social/situational and HHIE-emotional scores shows no significant difference among subgroups for the reduction in a MD of scores −5.34 (95% CI −7.05, −3.64), P = 0.03 without any heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, P = 0.97) with use of fixed-effect model. Conclusion: The findings of the meta-analysis revealed that any type of hearing aids interventional program is found to be effective in reducing HHIE scores. It indicates that these interventions result in a reduction in social and emotional consequences due to hearing loss among elders with bilateral hearing impairment. Adherence to the hearing rehabilitation programs is highly recommended by the researchers to improve social and emotional aspects of life among elders.
Malleus relocation in ossicular reconstruction by using autologous incus: New technique in ossiculoplasty, al-nahdha hospital experience p. 272
Zaina Khalfan Al Dhahli, Jagdish Zoivont Naik, Yousuf Al Saidi
Context: Malleus relocation is a technique in ossiculoplasty invented by Robert Vincent to make malleus at the same line of stapes. This study will use this technique with modification by using autologous incus instead of prosthesis for reconstruction. Aims: The objective of this study was to report the method of malleus relocation with auto-incus in ossiculoplasty in cases with chronic suppurative otitis media. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was done at Al-Nahdha Hospital tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods: This is a study of 12 patients (out of 150 patients who underwent ossiculoplasty surgery done in the department) from 2012 to 2019 for chronic otitis media. This means that all patients had malleus relocation technique with use incus for reconstruction except one patient where malleus relocation done with use of prosthesis instead of incus which was absent. Audiometric assessment included pre- and postoperative audiometric evaluation using conventional audiometry. Air-bone gap, bone-conduction thresholds, and air-conduction thresholds were measured. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were collected and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Confidence interval, mean, and median are used to calculate the pre- and postoperative ABG. Results: Eleven patients underwent malleus relocation with incus interposition. The mean postoperative air-bone gap is 11, and 66.6% of cases had ABG less than or equal to 20 dB. The mean AC postoperative is 21, and 66.7% of cases show improvement of more than 20 dB. Conclusions: Malleus relocation with auto-incus ossiculoplasty showed in this study is safe and gives a good hearing outcome.
Association between hearing loss and dementia in elderly p. 275
Devika Sinha, Rajeshwary Aroor, Vadisha Srinivas Bhat, Marina Saldanha, Srinath DP Kamath, Shashank Kotian
Background: Long standing hearing-loss often leads to the setting in of dementia as hearing-loss. In this study, elderly population were screened for hearing-loss and dementia using Hindi-Mental State Examination. Aims: To know the association between the dementia and Hearing loss Method 206 participants in the age group of 60-80 years (110 were females and 96 were males) were subjected to audiological evaluation and dementia screening using HMSE dementia scoring scale and it was compared with hearing level. Results: Out of 206 subjects, 110 were females and 96 were males. Right ear hearing-loss was seen in 147 cases and left ear in 130 cases. 48 individuals had no hearing-loss, 39 participants had unilateral hearing-loss and 119 participants had bilateral hearing-loss. Most common type of hearing-loss observed was mild hearing-loss 124 participants had no dementia, 82 had dementia. 60 had mild cognitive impairment and 22 had severe cognitive impairment. 49 out of 82 participants with dementia had bilateral hearing-loss. As the hearing handicap percentage increases from 1-100, dementia score decreases. But it was not statistically significant. More number of men were affected with hearing-loss but more number of female participants had dementia. Conclusion: Hearing-loss is more common in men in elderly population but dementia is more commonly seen in females.
Type 1 tympanoplasty with and without mastoidectomy in children p. 279
Gustavo Antunes De Almeida, Filipe Correia, João Pimentel, Pedro Escada
Objective: Assessment of the surgical benefit in children of a canal wall up mastoidectomy with Tos Type 1 tympanoplasty over Tos Type 1 tympanoplasty alone in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSupOM) with tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective chart review of CSupOM patients younger than 18-years old and admitted for elective tympanoplasty between 2010 and 2013 was conducted. Primary cases of patients submitted to Type 1 tympanoplasty (according to Tos classification 1993) were selected and were divided into two groups: tympanoplasty with canal wall up mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy. Surgical success was defined as the presence of an intact TM with no disease recurrence after 2 years of follow-up. Results: From a total of 125 ears (88 pediatric patients), 59 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 12.5 years, with 5.1% being 7 years old or younger, 67.8% between the ages of 8 and 14 years old, and 27.1% from 15 to 18 years old. 67.8% of the patients were boys and 32.2% girls. The overall surgical success rate was 89.8%, with 88.9% in the tympanoplasty group and 90.2% in the tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy group. Audiometric improvement was observed in both groups with a mean gap closure of 14 dB ± 8.4 dB in the tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy group and 12.5 dB ± 9.5 dB in the tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy group. Conclusion: Type 1 tympanoplasty is an effective treatment of CSupOM in children. In these cases, performing mastoidectomy at the time of primary Type 1 tympanoplasty is not associated with improved outcomes.
Managing eustachian tube dysfunction with balloon catheterization: A local experience report p. 282
ST Tan, Noor Dina Hashim, Asma Abdullah
Objective: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is not commonly acknowledged until it leads to sequelae within the middle ear. Thus, treatments are focusing on treating active middle ear diseases repetitively rather than identifying possible fundamental causes. This study aims to report a preliminary local experience in treating ETD using balloon dilatation. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary academic center. Sixteen patients who were identified with symptoms of ETD were recruited. Six who had failed initial medical therapy underwent balloon dilatation of Eustachian tube (BDET); meanwhile, ten subjects were recruited into the medical treatment group. The primary efficacy endpoint was the comparison of reduction from baseline in overall 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) score. Added endpoints were normalization of tympanogram and improvement of tympanic membrane appearance at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months after intervention. Results: The median in reduction of overall ETDQ-7 score for the interventional group was 2.93 (2.14, 3.14) versus 0.43 (0, 0.86) for the control group. Reduction in overall ETDQ-7 score showed a significant improvement at 6 weeks which was persistent at 3 months post balloon dilatation (P < 0.05). Similarly, the BDET group demonstrated changes in tympanogram at 6 weeks and 3 months post balloon dilatation (P < 0.05). Tympanic membrane appearances were similar at the end of the study in both the groups. Conclusion: BDET is a promising precise treatment for patients who present with symptoms of ETD. The improvement of symptoms it provides may increase the readiness for it to be introduced as a standard practice in local settings and beyond.
A comparative study between topical versus combined (systemic plus topical) therapy in ciprofloxacin-sensitive chronic suppurative otitis media (tubotympanic) p. 288
Sandip M Parmar, Sapna Chauhan, Shweta Mittal, Meenu Chaudhary
Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is defined as a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, which presents with recurrent ear discharge or otorrhea through a tympanic perforation. Aim: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of topical versus combined (systemic and topical) therapy in ciprofloxacin-sensitive CSOM (tubotympanic). Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective study of 100 patients aged >18 years with clinically diagnosed CSOM (tubotympanic type) was conducted. After aural toilet, patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: Group A (topical ciprofloxacin ear drops) Group B (topical plus oral ciprofloxacin). These patients were received 1 week of treatment and followed up on day 3 and day 7. Statistical comparisons were performed using Chi-square test. Results: In this study, maximum numbers of patients were found in the age group of 20–29 years. Patients in Group A (topical ciprofloxacin ear drops) showed less side effects in comparison to Group B (topical plus oral ciprofloxacin). Forty-one (82%) patients showed improvement in Group A, whereas 43 (86%) patients in Group B. Conclusion: Topical ciprofloxacin drops were as effective as combined (oral plus topical ciprofloxacin) and that the addition of oral drug did not have any beneficial effect adding only to the side effects and to the cost of treatment.
Window deroofing with dental roll suturing for pseudocyst pinna, simple solution for notorious disease p. 292
Yogeesha S Beesanahalli, K Ramya, KM Ajith, Nagaraj Maradi, R Latha Bai
Background: Pseudocyst of the pinna is a benign cystic lesion on the lateral surface of the pinna with no definitive etiology or treatment. Various methods are currently used to manage this disease. Most of the treatment options are prone to disease recurrence and are associated with cosmetic sequelae. We report 16 cases of unilateral pseudocyst that were treated with window deroofing and pressure dressing with dental roll suturing. Aim: This study aimed to study the effectiveness of window deroofing with dental roll suturing in the treatment of pseudocyst of the auricle with respect to recurrence and postprocedural sequelae. Materials and Methods: A prospective study at a tertiary care center for 2 years, which included 16 patients with a diagnosis of pseudocyst pinna. All the patients were treated by excising a small triangular piece of skin along with perichondrium, followed by dental roll suturing for pressure dressing; and were followed up after 1 week and 1 month of surgery. Results: All 16 cases were completely relieved of the disease at the end of 1 month. None of our patients had a recurrence and only 2 cases (12.5%) showed thickening of the pinna skin. Conclusions: The surgical treatment by window deroofing with dental roll suturing technique gave a reliable result in all cases of pseudocyst pinna with no evidence of recurrence and acceptable cosmetic results.
The credibility of a smartphone-based application for use as a hearing screening tool in underserved areas p. 296
Satish Kumar Chokalingam, Prakash Mathiyalagen, Kumaran Ramesh Colbert, Bhanu Vazhumuni, Sathiyaseelan Murugesan, Niveda Nagarajan
Context: Hearing loss has been rightly regarded as "invisible disability." Globally, it is the third largest cause for years lived with disability. It is imperative to detect it early to initiate remedial measures. We intended to find a cheaper, quick, and reliable alternative to the traditional audiological services. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the hearing levels using a self-administered smartphone hearing application and compare these results with pure-tone audiograms performed by an audiologist. Settings and Design: This diagnostic study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in the State of Puducherry, between 2019 and 2021. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and nineteen participants were recruited; hearing screening was done using the smartphone application "Hearing Test" followed by pure-tone audiometry. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were analyzed for validity and reliability using SPSS software. Results: The mean age was 34.23 ± 9.39 years, and 57.1% had ear complaints at presentation. At the level of statistical significance of P = 0.05, no difference was found between the tests. An absolute difference of <6.712 for each frequency was observed with the average difference being 5.18 dB (95% confidence interval 5.65–4.73) with standard deviation of 3.56. The smartphone application demonstrated a sensitivity of 76.26% and a specificity of 98.99%. Conclusions: We did not find any significant difference between the application and pure-tone thresholds in any frequency. Thus, the Hearing Test application is a valid screening tool to assess hearing loss early.
Efficacy of human epidermal growth factor in the regeneration of tympanic membrane perforation: A randomized clinical study p. 301
Anjana A Mohite, Bhagyashree Shrestha, Rajashri S Mane, Balasaheb C Patil, Vasundhara P Varute, Arpita P Yasatwar
Introduction: Majority of tympanic membrane perforations require myringoplasty for closure. Recently, epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to promote the healing of tympanic membrane perforations. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out a simple nonsurgical outpatient procedure to close one-quadrant tympanic membrane perforations that could reduce the hospital stay, medical cost, and morbidity in these patients. Materials and Methods: An interventional prospective randomized clinical study was done on 120 patients at our tertiary hospital. The allocation ratio was 3:1. Pure-tone audiometry, otomicroscopy, and otoenodoscopic recording were performed in all eligible patients who consented to take part in the study. Ninety cases received EGF gel application, whereas 30 controls received antibiotic ofloxacin application. Trichloroacetic acid chemical cautery and fibrin glue application were done in patients of both groups. Results: The closure rate was 97.7% in the EGF group and 70% in the ofloxacin group. The time taken for closure of perforations was 10 to 14 days in the EGF group and 3–4 weeks in the ofloxacin group. Hearing gain was observed in healed perforations of both groups. Conclusion: EGF application enhances the healing effect of one-quadrant nonhealing tympanic membrane perforations. It showed encouraging results and reliable safety in the regeneration of tympanic membrane. Clinical Significance: Apart from its use in single quadrant perforation, EGF may be considered for treating residual perforations after failed tympanoplasty.
Evaluation of cochlear ototoxicity with otoacoustic emissions and pure-tone audiogram following treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in our tertiary care center p. 306
P Thamizharasan, S Muthuchitra, SP Indu, Sumee Venkatesh
Background and Objectives: Hearing is a vital function and can be impaired by drugs causing ototoxicity which is inevitable in situations such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate cochleotoxicity by otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and pure-tone audiogram (PTA) in patients following treatment for MDR-TB. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients were included in the study after excluding cases as per criteria. Baseline pure-tone audiometry and OAEs were done. If asymptomatic, the patient followed up with PTA and distortion product OAE after 3 months and 6 months of treatment with a selected regimen for MDR-TB. Results: Compared to the pretreatment prevalence of 67% hearing loss, 81% of patients had hearing loss at 3 months and 97% at 6 months. OAEs were abnormal in 32% before treatment, which increased to 86% at 3 months and 97% at 6 months' follow-up. Conclusion: OAEs were able to pick up early the cochlear damage before it became apparent in PTA and well ahead of becoming symptomatic in patient. OAEs should be included in the pre- and post-treatment assessment of hearing with a high-frequency PTA for follow-up in MDR-TB patients or any patient on treatment which may cause ototoxicity.
Is endoscopic tympanoplasty an alternative to microscopic tympanoplasty for small central perforations? A study p. 310
Renu Rajguru, Tejpal Singh Bedi, Garima Rajguru
Introduction: Traditional approaches to tympanoplasty involve the use of a microscope. However, with the advent of endoscopes and HD cameras, endoscopic tympanoplasty has appeared as an alternative to microscopic tympanoplasty. Our study was aimed at assessing the success rates of endoscopic tympanoplasty in small dry central perforations of pars tensa. Materials and Methods: 49 patients were enrolled in this study for undergoing endoscopic tympanoplasty and the surgical outcome was analyzed in terms of graft uptake and postoperative air-bone gap closure for 6 months. Results: Among the study population, 45 participants (91.84%) had an intact neotympanum at the end of 6 months, two participants (4.08%) had residual perforation, and two (4.08%) had recurrent perforations due to upper respiratory tract infection. The mean preoperative air-bone gap (AB gap) was 23.63 dB ± 3.9 dB in the study population with a minimum of 16 dB and a maximum of 31 dB (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.43–24.83), whereas the mean postoperative AB gap was 13.84 dB ± 2.79 dB, minimum being 8 dB and maximum being 20 dB (95% CI 12.98–14.69). The difference between the preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that the endoscopic myringoplasty is an attractive alternative to conventional microscopic myringoplasty in terms of surgical outcomes, graft uptake, and air-bone gap closure.
Pre- and postoperative treatment of keloid pinna with triamcinolone injection: Our experience p. 314
D Anand Karthikeyan, Poornima Kumar
Introduction: Keloid is a pathological cutaneous dermal lesion resulting from aberrant wound-healing process. It mainly arises in the chest, upper back, earlobes, and shoulder region. Keloid pinna is common diagnosis in the ear, nose, and throat, for which various treatment options are available. We describe our experience with pre- and postoperative injections with triamcinolone. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study from December 2020 to April 2022. A total of 16 cases (14 females and two males) were included in the study. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) (40 mg/mL) was injected both preoperatively and postoperatively following surgical excision. Results: The triamcinolone injections resulted in drastic size reduction of the keloids and made the keloids softer in consistency. The main benefit of the triamcinolone injection was the soft-tissue margin reclamation making surgical excision easy. Discussion: The main advantage of preoperative intralesional TAC is size reduction, reduced vascularity and scar pliability, and better soft-tissue margin reclamation which helps in getting better operative margins for surgical excision leading to better cosmetic results. Conclusion: TAC injection perilesional in keloid pinna preoperatively improves the surgical outcomes and postoperative injection reduces the recurrence rates considerably.
A camouflaged brain abscess with zygomatic Abscess – A bizzare presentation in chronic suppurative otitis media p. 317
Priti S Hajare, Yashita Singh, Keerthana Veenish, Salonee S Das
Intracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), even though rare, can have a simultaneous occurrence of multiple complications. An 8-year-old child, a case of CSOM (squamosal) with zygomatic abscess, was referred to us with HRCT temporal bone showing left otomastoiditis and 7 days of higher intravenous antibiotics. The patient was treated with modified radical mastoidectomy and incision and drainage of the abscess. On the 4th postoperative day, he developed focal neurological deficits which confirmed a brain abscess on magnetic resonance imaging on the same side. It was further managed by neurosurgeons. Here, we report this unusual presentation of multiple complications of CSOM.
Middle ear actinomycosis p. 320
Actinomycosis subacute to chronic infection caused by actinomyces. Actinomyces is filamentous, Gram-positive, anaerobic, nonacid-fast microaerophilic bacteria. Although it is considered as normal flora it is rarely colonize middle ear. The aim is to report the case of middle ear actinomycosis. We present 35-year-old female complain of recurrent left ear discharge. The whole tympanic membrane was bulging (due to granulation tissue behind it) with tiny hole that are discharging. Underwent tympano-mastoidectomy surgery with surgery finding of whitish material and granulation tissue in the middle ear. Histopathology of that material reported as the colony of actinomyces. Middle ear actinomycosis although is rare infection but should be done as one of differential diagnoses for recurrent otorrhea. Both surgical treatment and antibiotics are recommended as treatment for middle ear actinomycosis.
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence presenting as long-standing vertigo p. 322
Noor Elyana Ahmad Fawzi, Azila Alias, Nik Adilah Nik Othman, Mohd Khairi Md Daud
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a complex syndrome and the symptoms can mimic other otologic diseases. We describe a case of a female who presented with imbalance for 10 years which has been psychologically disturbing. Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and high-resolution computed tomography scan of the temporal bone confirmed the diagnosis of SSCD. The patient's symptoms improved after the closure of the defect. SSCD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in a case of long-standing vertigo.
Case report on rare otologic sequelae of coronavirus disease-2019: Labyrinthine ossificans p. 325
Shikha Gianchand, Mustajib Ali, Himanshu Swami
Among multiple etiologies of hearing loss, viral infections often goes unnoticed due to flu like symptoms.Otologic dysfunctions have been reported with COVID – 19 infection as well. however, this case report is unique in terms of otologic dysfunction following the COVID illness. This case report is indicative of the intracochlear damage following COVID - 19 illness. So far, there is no reported case of LO following COVID -19 in the literature. This article brings out the first reported case of SNHL due to labyrithnine ossificans following covid-19 infection.


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Learn About Team USA Olympic and Paralympic Shooters
The 2012 London Olympic Games commence this Friday, July 27th. Among the thousands of Olympic athletes competing in London will be talented American rifle, pistol, and shotgun competitors. America fields a very strong team, and Team USA hopes to earn medals in many shooting events. To help fans back home follow our team members, USA Shooting has created an excellent 66-page guidebook that profiles America's 2012 Olympic Shooting Team. This provides background info on all our 2012 U.S. Olympic/Paralympic shooting Team members. To view the USA Shooting Olympic Preview eZine, click the cover photo at right or the link below. Or, if you become a supporting member of USA Shooting, you can get a hard copy edition. USA Shooting, a 501c3 non-profit corporation, was chartered by the U.S. Olympic Committee as the National Governing Body for the sport of shooting in the United States.
CLICK HERE to Read Olympic Preview eZine
Wounded Warrior Will Compete for Team USA at London Paralympic Games
The video below is an inspirational story about 2012 Paralympic Team USA member SFC Josh Olson. Now serving with the USAMU, wounded Iraq war veteran Josh Olson recently qualified to represent Team USA in shooting at the 2012 London Paralympic Games. In this video, Josh talks about his service in the military and the night in Iraq when he lost his leg during an ambush. Josh, who took up shooting as a sport during rehab at Walter Reed, hopes he can inspire other wounded veterans through his performance in London. Editor's NOTE: This really is an outstanding video. I strongly recommend you take the time to watch it.
Wounded Warriors Compete with USAMU
USA Shooters Get Ready for Paralympics in London
Wounded Warrier Shoots with USAMU in Int'l Competition
Meet the 2012 U.S. Olympic Team Rifle Competitors
Final Selections for Shooters on U.S. Olympic Team Being Made
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