I have seen many a friendship and marriage fail because of opposite gender friends. What happens when you have a great opposite gender friend and you get married? What about friends that you make after marriage that are opposite of your gender?
A marriage is built on trust, love, and the ability to grow together over time.
At the core of this issue are healthy communication, openness, and realizing that you made a lifelong commitment to your spouse.
Each couple has to decide their own levels of comfort, but here are a few discussion points that seem to help.
Time together in groups, whether as a group of three or larger, helps the friend and the spouse get to know one another. As well, it sends a message that the primary relationship is the marriage. Within these types of settings the friendship does shift, but it also sets a boundary of intimacy with the opposite gender friend, spouse, and to oneself.
When I have meetings with opposite gender professionals, I let my wife know about it. If a friend of hers saw me out with another woman and then talked to her, it may raise unnecessary internal or external questions for my wife. Seeking to avoid even the appearance of questions can build trust. Even though my intentions are professional, within a marriage couples are often combating their own internal dialog as well as the actual discussion that occurs. The same is true of opposite gender friends. Alone time should be discussed and agreed upon.
When someone is struggling in their marriage, they often discuss those issues with someone. Sometimes lamenting and complaining about a relationship is a way to verbally sort out thoughts.
However, when this is with an opposite gender friend, it can complicate the relationship.
The friend wants to support their friend, while also needing to respect boundaries that have been established.
As well, intimacy with that supportive person can lead to an emotional connection that distances spouses from one another.
Other's intentions within a relationship cover the map of possibilities. That is why it is important for spouses to discuss their levels of comfort.
The biggest errors occur when friends unintentionally or intentionally start to take on roles that are primarily the spouse's.
Joseph R. Sanok is a licensed counselor and owns Mental Wellness Counseling. He works with family issues and enjoys innovative projects such as family therapy on a sailboat.


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Created as part of an assignment within Dr. Cobb's PhD studies at SFU, this documentary explores the multimodal learning and literacies associated with the creation of an original film project written and performed by a group of children. This documentary was created as part of a collaborative reflective practice, where the actors were involved in the production as camera operators and producers for each segment of the documentary. This gave the young artists an opportunity to reflect upon each stage of the production process, from the writing of the script to the learning of lines; from the selection of wardrobe to the application of special effects makeup; from the choosing of locations to the physical performances on the green screen. Wherever possible, references to the academic literature is included to give a sense of how this project was inspired by class readings (within the PhD course).
Naming Ghosts production final product - the film!


Feel free to discuss all kind of Saab-related topics, but don't make threads dedicated to own projects (links to other forums are welcome). English Only, norwegian language is prohibited (or should..
Mat og drikke, verdt vite. Bergen - Oslo. Enkeltrom med enkeltseng for n person. Business Room, strre dobbeltrom med separat soverom, egen sofagruppe og flott utsikt over byen. Vi nsker..
Master, audiovisuelle medier, mediefag, bibliotekfag og journalistfag rsstudium, barne- OG ungdomsarbeiderfag, medisin, odontologi, helse- og sosialfag vgs-2. Alle klasser lagde noe. Skoletiden for skoleret er fra kl. Teknologi, ingenirfag og arkitektur..
ludwig VAN * Symphony.6 F major Pastoral.68: Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, Carlo Maria Giulini. 18 MIN C/C * 630 * sphinx * Judas Iscariot / Simon Peter france * Ral Polydor EX EX * original Disco spirit * The Family That Plays Together japan * CBS/Sony sonp 50118 * M- EX * 1-ST japan press, gatefold, insert Psychedelic Rock spirit. 790 * Easy Listening bread * Lost Without Your Love USA * Elektra 7E-1094 * VG VG * original, gatefold * 400 * Soft Rock, Pop/Rock brecker brothers, THE * Don't Stop The Music USA * Arista 4122 * M- M- * inner. USA * MCA Records MCA EX EX * gatefold, louis armstrong * When The Saints Go Marching In * 197? Geils band, THE * Ladies Invited USA * Atlantic SD 7286 * EX EX * original, inner,2 SOC promo, C/C * 910 * Blues Rock. Rex japan * Sounds Marketing System SP M- M- * insert X * The Slider japan * Odeon EOS-40052 * M- EX * insert, X * Tanx japan *. Dureco Benelux EX EX * original Rumba catalana, Rumba Flamenca, Flamenco Pop gipsy kings * Mosaique EEC/netherlands * Dureco M- EX * original, inner Rumba catalana, Rumba Flamenca, Flamenco Pop girlschool * Hit And Run USA * Stiff Records USE-18 * sealed * original Hard. Un Enfant Viendra CAN * Polydor 2424.201 * EX EX * shrink * 480 * mireille mathieu * Une femme amoureuse. UK * RCA Camden PDA 008 * EX M- * gatefold, compilation * 970 * Pop, Doo-Wop, Rock Roll, Adult Contemporary nektar * Magic Is a Child USA * Polydor PD EX EX * original, inner Progressive Rock NEW colony SIX, THE * Revelations USA * Mercury. USA * Hollywood Soundstage.S.
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New TRC policy guides deferral of infrastructure charges for not-for-profit community, health organisations
Karnup multiple vehicle rear-end crash
Funding to give hope to MS sufferers
Funding to give hope to MS patients
Ramsay saves more than 9 million plastic items from landfill
Positive return for 2020 is testament to resilience of super
Students take up Merino Wether Challenge 20 January
Tribute to Slim Dusty to open Morning Melodies season at Pilbeam
Photographer Mervyn Bishop to be celebrated by new Canberra exhibition
December 9, 2019 10:46 am AEDTDate Time
Save Children deploys health workers to support Samoa measles response
A team of midwives and a doctor from Save the Children's Emergency Health Unit will be arriving in Samoa starting from Sunday to support the government's response to the measles outbreak.
The outbreak has infected 4,357 people – mostly children – since the beginning of October this year.
At least 63 people have died from measles-related complications, of whom 55 are children under five years old.
Dr Louisa Baxter, who is leading Save the Children's medical team deployed to the response, said:
"The situation in Samoa is very serious. There are many critically unwell children in hospital and more are being admitted every day. In addition, routine services such as care to pregnant women have been interrupted leaving them without the support they need at a crucial time.
"Save the Children's team of clinical staff will work in the main hospital in Samoa to support the healthcare of women and small children. We are supporting Samoan Ministry of Health staff who have been fighting this outbreak tirelessly for months and other emergency medical teams from across the world who are responding.
"We are extremely concerned because of the potentially lethal implications measles has for young children in particular.
"One of the challenges we are facing is that vaccination rates are extremely low in much of the Pacific and measles is one of the most infectious viruses in the world, spreading via airborne droplets through coughing and sneezing.
"The measles vaccine is highly effective – after the first dose, up to 95 percent of individuals will be protected. It is crucial to encourage uptake of the measles vaccine, particularly as there is no specific treatment for measles infection. Key measures to address it focus on the management of complications such as pneumonia and meningitis."
Save the Children's response team is part of the organisation's Emergency Health Unit and will be deployed to Samoa, where they will carry out a needs assessment and offer support to the Ministry of Health. Save the Children's team offer pre- and post natal care for women experiencing complications related to measles.
Tags:Baxter, charity, children, doctor, Emergency, Government, healthcare, infection, meningitis, Outbreak, pacific, Samoa, save the Children, vaccination, vaccine, world
The following development applications (not being designated or advertised development) were received by Council during…
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37th Universal Periodic Review UK statement on Australia
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Scientists fire volcanic missiles to help Auckland prepare for threats

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Human phonetic Marathi keyboard language software. Very easy to type in marathi on English keyboard. Multiicon. E2M Character Converter (PC License ). (2): No Need to remember complex Marathi keyboard layout. Simply type english alphabets and it will traslate it into Marathi word after pressing a space. Lipikaar is a free English to Marathi (मराठी) typing tool that allows you to type in Marathi (मराठी) language using a regular keyboard across multiple devices. Presentations, Excel Sheets or write e-mails in Marathi on your Windows PC.
software that allows you to type in Marathi using a regular English Keyboard. Once purchased, it can be used on a single PC without any additional charges. The software has many keyboard option you can type in any keyboard you like. 3. On the fly Free Download English to Marathi Typing Android App for Mobile. Just type the text in English in the given box and press space, it will convert the text in Marathi. Yes, this English to Marathi converter has options like Click on a.
Editor review - E2M character Converter is a simple text editor that helps typing in Marathi using a standard QWERTY keyboard. The Best Marathi Keyboard (मराठी) on the Internet! Type, Translate, Search, Send emails, tweet, and share with your friends in facebook with this online. 26 Jan Learn to change keyboard language & type Marathi language or any In previous article we have seen how to share PC Internet over WiFi for. E2M is very powerful software which is used to convert English Characters into br Real Time Marathi Typing br Full Marathi Keyboard Help br Export to Notepad br Export to English to Marathi Typing Editor (Human phonetic language) How do I access the free English to Marathi Character Converter download for PC?. 23 Jul Devanagari Keyboard will provide users with English to Marathi or Devanagari transliteration application. In order for Devanagari Keyboard to.


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Q: Passing multiple variables to a jquery dialog form I'm needing to send multiple variables to a jquery dialog form so that users can edit that entry.  The entries are shown as a html table on the page and the data is loaded from a mysql database.  I want to pass all of the entries from a row to the jquery dialog form so that they can edit them and resubmit it to the database.  I'm really at a loss here and I don't even know where to start.  I've seen people talking about the .data() function in jquery, but i'm not sure how best to send that data to the popup form.
Here is an example of the form.  I used to just send the data to an update_contact.php which would pull the users record and place it into a form.  But I like the jquery dialog form for keeping it on the same page.

      Name

      Title

      Work Phone

      Actions

      Contact #1

      Support Team Lead

      123-456-7890

A: use a simple selector like var field = $("#myField"); to get your field in the dialog.
http://jsfiddle.net/TCHdevlp/nyyhD/
As you can see, it is very simple to get something from the page into a modal

A: Something like this would work

      Name

      Title

      Work Phone

      Actions

      Contact #1

      Support Team Lead

      123-456-7890

        <input type="text" id="txtName"/>
        <input type="text" id="Title"/>
        <input type="text" id="WorkPhone"/>

javascript
function EditContact(){
    var tds = $(event.srcElement)
              .closest("tr").find("td");

    var selected = {
        name: $(tds[0]).text(),
        Title: $(tds[1]).text(),
        WorkPhone: $(tds[2]).text()
    };

    $("#txtName").val(selected.name);
    $("#Title").val(selected.Title);
    $("#WorkPhone").val(selected.WorkPhone);
    $("#modal").dialog();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


While games are not a requirement at an anniversary party, wedding anniversary party games can add a touch of fun and whimsy to such an event. Coming up with enjoyable and relevant wedding anniversary party games can be a challenge, but below are five fabulous ideas to help you get started.
If the couple has been married 10 years or more, this game can be a fun choice. Assemble several pictures representing all of the time that the couple has been married. Place copies of the pictures -don't use the originals as you would not want them to get damaged – on a board and number each of them.
The guests will have to guess in which year each picture was taken. The guest who gets the most right wins. Be sure not to place the photos in chronological order because you don't want to give any hints to the players.
How many bridesmaids were in the wedding?
Who was the best man?
What color did the bridesmaids wear?
How long was the bride's train?
This is a fun way to look back on the wedding while giving the guests a chance to win a prize.
See also Printable Anniversary Games.
The answer to such questions can quickly and easily be found on the internet. This is a wonderful game for a couple that has been married 20 years or more as guests of all ages will enjoy taking a look back through this game.
If you are having a band or DJ at the party, then consider having a dance contest! Such a contest doesn't have to take up a lot of time. It can be as short as one single song. Give the guests a chance to strut their stuff and then give prizes to winners in different categories such as: best form, most interesting dance moves and best effort.
This is a great way to liven up the party and allow many of the guests to participate.
Many people know that there is a list of traditional wedding anniversary gifts, but how many could actually match each item to the correct corresponding year? Find out with this challenging wedding anniversary game. This is a great choice for a game that people can play while seated, so everyone can participate even if they are not up to getting on the dance floor!
Again, wedding anniversary party games are not necessary, but they are a fun addition to any anniversary celebration.
Celebrating your marriage can be a very fun and amazing time. One anniversary that seems to be a huge one worth celebrating is your 10th wedding anniversary. 10 years of marriage can come right at the time that many marriages are not succeeding. The 10-year mark can be a time of ending a marriage or moving on to a greater understanding of what marriage really means. Celebrating 10 years of marriage can mean many things to different people. This is a time to reflect on what works and what doe not and any changes that need to be made in order to have an amazing 10 more years.
Many couples that are celebrating their 10th wedding anniversary understand commitment. Through the first ten years of marriage couples are learning about commitment by giving up things for the other person. They are also learning that commitment means being there for it all and understanding each other's desires and needs. Committing to walk with them through these things is really what having a committed marriage means. Most marriages that make it to 10 years know the meaning of commitment and striving to make their marriage work at all costs.
At the time of your 10th wedding anniversary, you are usually very comfortable with your spouse. You have spent 10 years getting to know the details of your spouse and their heart, which helps you to be comfortable and feel safe with them. Comfort can come in all forms in the safety of a marriage. Being comfortable with who you are with that person can bring a feeling of trust and safety. Being comfortable after 10 years of marriage is a fulfilling commitment.
Many people who are celebrating their 10th wedding anniversary most likely have small children; this can be a time of long and hard days. Having small children requires a lot of time and patience and can be hard on a marriage that is not strong. During those times of child rearing, a marriage can be put on the back burner. These hard days will soon pass and pushing through these times will build an even stronger foundation for the years to come. Marriage will bring hard days but also will come with glimpses of beauty and grace.
Celebrating your marriage can be something you do everyday. Many people love to celebrate their anniversary in so many ways. At your 5th wedding anniversary, you are still in the honeymoon phase of marriage. It is usually a time when you are learning so much about each other but you are still pretty early on in your marriage. Many people still want to celebrate even if it just 5 years of marriage. There are so many fun ways to celebrate this awesome time and reflect on your last five years and the years to come.
One really fun thing to do to celebrate your 5th wedding anniversary is to go on a retreat. This may be just retreating to the next city over or traveling abroad. Whichever you choose, retreating can help you refocus on each other and your marriage. Getting away from the day in and day out can help you remember the excitement you felt just 5 years earlier. Many couples may even retreat to a campsite or even just right down the road in a really nice hotel. Retreating can be a fun way to have some time alone and get you away from the stresses of everyday life.
Another fun thing to do is to make something symbolizing your love and marriage. Many people love having something that reminds them of the commitment they made and the 5 years they have been married. Creating something to become a symbol for you and your marriage is a great way to spend your 5th wedding anniversary. Creating these things can also be a legacy that you can leave for your family in the form of an object. Looking back and seeing these fun things can bring great excitement.
Many couples will make big decisions after 5 years of marriage. One of those decisions is to start having children. Many couples get to their 5th wedding anniversary and they are ready to start to make their family. Making these decisions will change the rest of your marriage and future. Some couple may decide to adopt or to not have children at this point as well. Making these decisions will create a more love and fun for these next 5 years that you have together.


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World - Power and Politics in an Autonomous Latin America | Latin America
Power and Politics in an Autonomous Latin America
Russell Crandall
The Post-American Hemisphere
On August 18, 2010, a Venezuelan drug trafficker named Walid Makled was arrested in Colombia. U.S. officials accused him of shipping ten tons of cocaine a month to the United States, and they made a formal extradition request to try him in New York. Although the Venezuelan government had also made an extradition request for crimes Makled allegedly committed in Venezuela, senior U.S. diplomats were confident that the Colombian government would add him to the list of hundreds of suspects it had already turned over to U.S. judicial authorities in recent years.
So it came as a surprise when Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos announced in November that he had promised Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez that Makled would be extradited to Venezuela, not the United States. Colombia, Washington's closest ally in South America, appeared to be unveiling a new strategic calculus, one that gave less weight to its relationship with Washington. What made the decision all the more unexpected is that the U.S. government still provides Colombia with upward of $500 million annually in development and security assistance, making Colombia one of the world's top recipients of U.S. aid. For the United States in Latin America today, apparently, $500 million just does not buy what it used to.
Across the region in recent years, the United States has seen its influence decline. Latin American countries are increasingly looking for solutions among themselves, forming their own regional organizations that exclude the United States and seeking friends and opportunities outside of Washington's orbit. Some U.S. allies are even reconsidering their belief in the primacy of relations with the United States. Much of this has to do with the end of the Cold War, a conflict that turned Latin America into a battleground between U.S. and Soviet proxies. Washington has also made a series of mistakes in the years since then, arrogantly issuing ultimatums that made it even harder to get what it wanted in Latin America.
At the same time as U.S. influence has diminished, Latin America's own capabilities have grown. The region has entered into an era of unprecedented economic, political, and diplomatic success. Most visibly, Brazil has emerged as an economic powerhouse, attracting foreign investment with an economy that grew 7.5 percent last year. (Regionwide, average GDP growth last year was 5.6 percent.) Regular free elections and vibrant civil societies are now commonplace in Latin America, and the region's diplomats are more visible and confident in global forums than ever before. After decades on the receiving end of lectures from Washington and Brussels, Latin American leaders are eager to advertise their recent gains. Santos has been known to tell visiting foreign counterparts that this will be "Latin America's century."
Although star performers such as Brazil and Chile have recently surged ahead, Latin America has yet to realize its full collective diplomatic and political capacity. The problems that have plagued the region in the past -- income inequality, a lack of law and order, illicit trafficking networks -- still exist, threatening to derail its hard-earned successes. Guatemala, to take just one example, not only ranks among the world's poorest countries; it also has one of the highest homicide rates in the world, with 6,000 people murdered each year in a population of only 13 million.
Ironically, moreover, Latin America's entry into a "post-hegemonic" era, a product of its own advancements, could undermine its past progress. As the balance of power in the region is redistributed, unexpected alliances and enmities could arise. Many observers have assumed that less U.S. involvement would be an inherently positive development, but that may be too optimistic. No one should underestimate the capacity of the Venezuela-led bloc of quasi-authoritarian leftist governments to stop the regional trend toward greater openness and democracy -- values that the bloc sees as representing a capitulation to the U.S.-controlled global system.
Nonetheless, Latin America's emerging democratic consensus seems inevitable, and as its strategic posture finally matures, the region will be more directly responsible for its own successes and failures. Long Latin America's master, the United States must adapt to the new realities of this post-hegemonic era, lest it see its influence diminish even further. It must demonstrate an ability to quietly engage and lead when appropriate -- an approach that will allow Washington to remain actively involved in the region's affairs without acting as though it is trying to maintain its legacy of hegemony. Given how accustomed the United States is to dominating the region, this project will be harder than it sounds.
FROM HEGEMONY TO AUTONOMY
The era of U.S. hegemony in Latin America began over a century ago, when the United States started flexing its emerging economic and military might in Central America and the Caribbean. In the jungles and mountains of Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, American soldiers and diplomats used persuasion, coercion, and force to advance U.S. political and economic interests. During the Cold War, Washington sought to stem the threat of Soviet and Cuban communism, acting directly, for example, when it invaded Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1989, and indirectly, as when it provided covert funding to undermine Chilean President Salvador Allende's leftist government in the 1970s. Sometimes these efforts worked, as in Chile and Grenada, but often they did not; both the Bay of Pigs operation in 1961 and U.S. efforts to overthrow by proxy the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua in the 1980s were outright failures.
For much of the twentieth century, there was a disconnect between Washington's lofty rhetoric of democracy and regional harmony and its demonstrated willingness to jettison these principles when its economic or geopolitical interests were at stake. Even after the Cold War, the United States was accused of peddling its "Washington consensus" of laissez-faire economic policies, such as the privatization of state-owned assets and free-trade agreements, as a sort of neoimperialism. Instead of U.S. marines or CIA agents, blame for doing the empire's bidding was now pinned on the "technocratic imperialists" from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the U.S. Treasury Department.
Yet over the past decade or so, the United States' willingness and ability to exert control in the region have diminished. This has occurred in part because more important issues, including the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, have forced Latin America down the policymaking food chain. But there is also the indisputable reality that the region itself is now more confident acting on its own. For the most part, this was inevitable, given the end of external and local communist challenges and the shift to an increasingly multilateral world that had room for new powers. Latin America's greater autonomy is both a cause and a result of decreased U.S. influence.
The United States' relationship with Bolivia provides one example of Washington's declining power in the region. Believing that it was time to pay back the Americans for their years of backing his political opponents, Bolivian President Evo Morales expelled the U.S. ambassador and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration in 2008 and suspended U.S.-funded democracy programs the following year. A decade or so ago, when Bolivia was a faithful client of the United States, it would have been unimaginable for a Bolivian government to even consider such acts, given the diplomatic and financial consequences of provoking Washington's ire. Yet even the ostensibly hard-line George W. Bush administration responded to Morales' repeated diplomatic insults largely with silence. Morales had gone eyeball to eyeball with Washington and lived to tell about it.
In the late 1980s and 1990s, after decades of rule by military dictatorships, the countries of Latin America became part of the "third wave" of democratization that was then washing across the globe. Yet the region struggled to convert democratic practices, such as open elections, into lasting democratic institutions, such as independent judiciaries. Meanwhile, economic instability, including chronic bouts of hyperinflation, made many Latin Americans wonder if they had not been better off under the relatively enlightened mano dura (strong hand) regimes of the past. Even in the 1990s, when Latin America finally began to slay inflation and replace it with impressive macroeconomic stability, countries had difficulty translating this into lasting social gains for the entire population. At times, Latin Americans used their newfound electoral power to elect "democratic populists," such as Venezuela's Chávez and Peru's Alberto Fujimori, who often governed in autocratic ways.
In recent years, however, Latin America's growth has begun to translate into more prosperous and developed societies. In countries as disparate as Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, the benefits of democracy and open markets are now finally beginning to trickle down to a citizenry that had lost faith in elected governments. This socioeconomic prosperity, in turn, is legitimizing the democratic system -- a sort of virtuous cycle in a region more accustomed to vicious ones. Despite what the fiery rhetoric of leaders such as Chávez might indicate, in today's climate, Latin Americans want results, not blame. Armed revolution is now dead in the region that was once its cradle. In its stead, the region now has a new brand of leaders who have taken office through the ballot box and have striven to provide education, security, and opportunities for their constituents. Human capital and economic competitiveness, not rote anticapitalist slogans, are what occupy the thoughts of these politicians. They point proudly to the fact that 40 million Latin Americans were lifted out of poverty between 2002 and 2008, a feat accomplished largely through innovative and homegrown social programs.
It has long been said that when the United States catches a cold, Latin America catches the flu. This has certainly been true in the economic realm, where jitters in the U.S. economy could quickly undermine Latin America's chronically weak financial and fiscal fundamentals. But during the recent global economic crisis, Latin America remained relatively unscathed. At the time, many predicted that Latin American governments -- especially leftist ones suspected of being more predisposed to fiscal profligacy -- would turn to the seductive tonic of populism. But leftist governments in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, to name a few, responded to the crisis with prudence. They refused to abandon market-friendly policies such as flexible exchange rates, independent central banks, and fiscal restraint. Some countries, such as Brazil and Peru, even continued to grow at almost China-like rates.
In the past, when Latin America was in economic trouble, outsiders prescribed bitter medicine, such as severe fiscal austerity measures. In the last several years, however, the region has shown that it can address its own problems, even exporting its solutions globally. There is no greater example of the region's autonomy in economic policymaking than Brazil's Bolsa Família or Mexico's Oportunidades, conditional cash-transfer programs that give money to poor families if they meet certain requirements, such as enrolling their children in school. As the World Bank has noted, Bolsa Família targets the 12 million Brazilians who desperately need the assistance; most of the money is used to buy food, school supplies, and clothes for children. The program is also credited with helping reduce Brazil's notoriously high income inequality. The Brazilian and Mexican efforts have been widely emulated outside the region, including in the United States. Another example is Chile's creation of a rainy-day fund, filled with national savings from the country's copper production. This $12.8 billion account gave Chile a level of policy flexibility during the recent global economic downturn that the United States and many other industrial economies could only envy. As Latin America's achievements suggest, the region is growing up fast.
Latin America's economic growth and political stability are driving an unprecedented power shift within the region. Countries are reassessing their interests and alliances, and the more confident among them are flexing their muscles. Instead of looking to Washington for guidance, Latin American countries are increasingly working among themselves to conduct diplomacy, pursue shared objectives, and, at times, even spark new rivalries.
Brazil's emergence as a serious power is a direct result of the increasing absence of U.S. influence in the region. Sensing an opportunity to gain the regional stature that has long eluded it, the country has begun to act more assertively. But complicating Brazil's power play is the reaction from its fellow Latin American nations. Colombian, Mexican, and Peruvian officials, among others, talk privately about their dislike of Brazil's arrogant diplomacy. In some quarters, Brazil's responses to developments such as Chávez's ongoing assault on Venezuela's democracy and even the 2009 coup in Honduras have undermined its credibility as a serious leader. (Brasília's reluctance to speak out for hemispheric democracy is particularly inexcusable for a government that includes many officials who suffered under the successive military regimes of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.) Many Latin American officials quietly reveal that they are not eager to see Brazil replace the United States as the hemisphere's hegemon. As one diplomat recently put it, "The new imperialists have arrived, and they speak Portuguese."
Yet Brazil is learning that leadership means responsibility. Relations with its neighbor Bolivia are a case in point. After the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration was kicked out of Bolivia, Brasília belatedly realized that Bolivia's cocaine exports -- most of which are destined for Brazil, Argentina, or Europe -- represented a serious challenge and so stepped up its counternarcotics cooperation with Bolivia. Fortunately, the United States and Brazil are eager to work together on counternarcotics. Bolivia will be a key test of this cooperation -- made all the more important by the bitter diplomatic flap that erupted in May 2010 between U.S. President Barack Obama and then Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva over the Iranian nuclear deal brokered by Brazil and Turkey.
Colombian leaders are also aware of the shifting balance of power within Latin America. With the recent departure of the inimitable Lula, whose charisma and presence overshadowed the efforts of other Latin American leaders, Santos now believes his government can assume the mantle of regional leadership by adopting a more balanced foreign policy, one less dependent on Washington. Although Santos has no desire to do away with his country's long-standing closeness to the United States, he understands that Colombia's credibility is now more dependent on its ability to cooperate with other regional governments, most important of all, Brazil's.
Further evidence of Colombia's diplomatic and strategic maturity can be found in the way it has begun exporting its counterinsurgency and counternarcotics expertise to places as far away as Afghanistan. For almost half a century, the Colombian government has waged a bloody war against the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. But it has been only in the past several years that the Colombian state, backed by billions of dollars in U.S. assistance, has gained the upper hand. Overwhelmed by this fight until recently, Colombia's security forces now use their hangars and equipment to train pilots from Mexico and Peru and counternarcotics operatives from Afghanistan.
As Latin America comes into its own, it is beginning to rely more on its own multilateral bodies. For the past 60 years, the Organization of American States, headquartered in Washington, has struggled to gain credibility in the region, as critics saw it as a guise for U.S. domination. In recent years, however, it has codified the primacy of democracy in its guiding principles -- an important development suggesting that OAS members now consider democracy a shared goal as opposed to a foreign imposition.
Meanwhile, in 2008, Brazil helped create the Union of South American Nations, or UNASUR, which Brazilian leaders quietly hope will replace the OAS as the default regional body in South America. But so far, its record has been mixed. To date, UNASUR has prioritized regional integration and solidarity over promoting democratic practices. And much to the chagrin of some in Brasília, the OAS demonstrated its importance when it helped coordinate the regional diplomatic response following the coup in Honduras in 2009, an effort that likely staved off even greater strife in the country. The OAS also renewed its relevance during its General Assembly meeting that same year, when a debate regarding Cuba's 1962 suspension from the body produced a consensus that Cuba's return to full membership should depend on its transition to democracy. The seemingly moribund organization has shown some surprisingly gritty determination, but there is new competition in the neighborhood.
THE SPOILERS
With the end of U.S. hegemony in Latin America, the region's authoritarians -- Venezuela's Chávez, Cuba's Fidel and Raúl Castro, and Nicaragua's Daniel Ortega -- have taken the opportunity to expand their own influence. Chávez, the Castro brothers, and Ortega form part of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA), a band of leftist governments led by Venezuela. Contending that Latin America remains shackled by the imperial United States and its lackeys at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, members of this group remain committed to a nonaligned diplomacy and seek friendships with the governments of such countries as Iran, Russia, and, to some extent, China. With the United States less involved in the region, the ALBA bloc will continue to play its cherished role as diplomatic spoiler and its members will face far fewer constraints on how radically they transform their societies.
Take Bolivia, whose military recently declared itself "socialist, anti-imperialist, and anticapitalist." This declaration is no surprise, given that the Bolivian government has gone to great lengths to reduce U.S. influence in the country, especially in the armed forces. Cuban and Venezuelan military advisers have replaced U.S. ones. The consequences of such a shift within Bolivia's military will not be known for a while, but it is unlikely to be good for Bolivia's fledgling democracy.
Thus far, the Chávez-led spoilers have been enabled by their more democratic counterparts. Although the democratic leaders enjoy the benefits of elections, a free press, and other signs of democratic vigor in their own countries, they are unwilling to confront other governments that undermine such rights. Many of the otherwise impressive leftist democratic governments in the region, such as those of former Chilean President Michelle Bachelet and Lula, have been wary of raising the subject, especially regarding Cuba and Venezuela. These leaders and others like them have been reluctant to speak out because they still share some sort of revolutionary solidarity with Chávez and the Castros and they remain overly sensitive to concerns about violating another nation's sovereignty.
But these diplomatic spoilers have proved to be the biggest losers in Latin America's realignment. The Chávez model, inherited from Fidel Castro, sees the United States and global capitalism as permanent adversaries. Nothing hurts this approach more than when other Latin American governments, especially leftist democratic ones, opt for and succeed with capitalist, democratic, or U.S.-friendly policies. Indeed, the bloc has ended up enjoying less regional support than its members hoped for. A case in point is the drama surrounding a November 2010 OAS resolution that called for all Costa Rican and Nicaraguan military and security personnel to leave a disputed area on their countries' shared border. In a resounding defeat for the ALBA bloc, which wanted to isolate Costa Rica and the United States by outmaneuvering them diplomatically, 21 countries voted in favor of the resolution, and only four (including Venezuela and Nicaragua) voted against it.
Meanwhile, some external actors are taking advantage of Latin America's newly permissive environment as well. Iran, Russia, and China have all significantly increased their economic and political footprints in the region. Tehran is seeking to reduce its diplomatic isolation, and Moscow is mostly looking for markets for its weapons industry. Beijing, by far the most significant outside player, is principally concerned with obtaining natural resources. In 2005, it imported over $21 billion worth of goods from Latin America; in 2008, that figure was $71 billion. China has also increased its military engagement with the region, expanding military exchanges and selling sophisticated military equipment. That said, Beijing has generally been cautious in its diplomatic and military outreach, preferring to focus on the more mundane issue of purchasing raw materials.
LETTING GO OF LATIN AMERICA
In his first term, U.S. President George W. Bush adopted a heavy-handed, unilateral approach to Latin America, attempting to force governments there to approve the U.S. invasion of Iraq and ensure U.S. soldiers' exemption from the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. This strategy backfired, and many governments, including traditional U.S. partners such as Chile and Mexico, refused. So in his second term, Bush attempted a more conciliatory approach, for instance, cultivating a personal relationship with the leftist Lula. But it was too little, too late; Chávez and other radicals still played up Bush's reputation as a bully. After Obama took office, however, it became much harder to use the U.S.-bashing strategy. In April 2009, at the Summit of the Americas in Trinidad, Obama tried to put his imprimatur on Washington's Latin America policy, emphasizing mutual respect and outlining a vision of equal partnerships and joint responsibility. His deferential yet serious style quickly put the most conspiratorial anti-U.S. critics, such as Chávez, Morales, and Ortega, on the defensive -- where they have remained ever since.
The United States' enhanced image should not be dismissed as a mere public relations victory; rather, it is indispensable to restoring Washington's influence in Latin America, since it makes it easier for willing governments to cooperate with Washington on shared priorities without appearing to be subservient to the old hegemon. Obama's approach to the region can be seen as a more concerted continuation of the one Bush adopted in his second term, emphasizing responsibility as a prerequisite for cooperation and leadership -- an implicit call for Latin America to solve its own problems. Other than focusing on Mexico's drug violence, the Obama administration has not made Latin America a priority. This may not be so bad: a little breathing room is appropriate, given the region's current stability.
Having recast the mood of the relationship between the United States and Latin America, the Obama administration must now figure out how to put its strategy into practice. It will need to show what strategic patience and understated leadership actually look like. A critical test of that is Mexico, a country sorely in need of U.S. assistance to combat its drug violence. Yet Mexico's deeply ingrained suspicion of U.S. motives means that any initiatives to counter this cross-border threat must be pursued delicately, lest Washington find itself accused of violating Mexico's sovereignty yet again. The Obama administration also needs to resist the temptation to allow strategic patience to slide into neglect. And it remains to be seen whether it will invest time in Brazil and other "noncrisis" cases when so much of Washington's already limited attention has been occupied by Haiti, Honduras, and Mexico.
The good news is that the United States enjoys robust partnerships with governments of all political stripes in the region -- with conservative governments in Chile, Mexico, and Peru as well as more leftist ones in Brazil, El Salvador, and Uruguay. Despite occasional bilateral tensions, the United States and Brazil are cooperating more than ever before in areas including military relations, counternarcotics, energy, and the environment. And as the U.S. government's impressive response to Haiti's earthquake in January 2009 demonstrated, the United States can provide diplomatic and military public goods that no other hemispheric power, not even Brazil, can match.
Of course, some in Washington are still adjusting to letting go. In Congress, influential Republicans are itching to return to a more confrontational stance toward the region, particularly regarding Cuba and Venezuela. What these conservatives do not fully understand, however, is that alarmist responses to assaults on democracy and human rights in the region only play into the hands of those such as Chávez and the Castro brothers, who thrive on what they spin as imperialist barbs. More subtle responses thus may prove more effective.
The United States' desire to let others lead will be tested the most when it comes to Brazil. As the country emerges as the new neighborhood police officer, Washington must engage Brasília aggressively in order to help ensure that it plays this role in accordance with U.S. interests. In general, U.S. officials are eager to see Brazil assume more regional responsibility, but they may find it hard, for example, to actually sit back and watch the Brazilians build up UNASUR as a rival to the more U.S.-influenced OAS. The same is the case when it comes to Colombia, where Santos' bold multilateral agenda has unsettled those in the U.S. government used to a more traditional patron-client relationship with Bogotá.
Meanwhile, although Latin America may have entered a post-hegemonic era, that does not mean it is entirely secure. Despite all the progress, Latin America remains a region in which countries still openly threaten war with one another. Just last year, Chávez did exactly that after Bogotá accused him of giving refuge to Colombian narcoterrorists. Latin American countries' unpredictable behavior and ambivalence toward U.S. leadership will make it difficult for Washington to maintain strategic patience.
After witnessing the acerbic diplomatic impasse over Honduras, when Brazil opposed U.S. plans for new presidential elections to solve the political crisis there, one might think that the region largely wants Washington to stay uninvolved. Yet the behind-the-scenes reality is that most Latin American governments actually appreciate robust U.S. attention and even leadership -- as they in fact did during the Honduran crisis. Most leaders in the region realize that Latin America and the United States share the same interests and goals, and they understand that cooperation is indispensable. They know full well that their gains remain precarious, that it could take only one economic crisis or political row to send the region spiraling back to the old days of instability. Yet whatever happens in Latin America's future, its gains and failures will be caused by its own hand.
RUSSELL CRANDALL is Associate Professor of International Politics at Davidson College and the author of The United States and Latin America After the Cold War. He was Principal Director for the Western Hemisphere at the U.S. Department of Defense in 2009 and Director for Andean Affairs at the National Security Council in 2010-11.
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World - Power and Politics in an Autonomous Latin America | Global Viewpoint


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Watch: Rishabh Pant says special feeling to face his 'go-to man' Dhoni in first game as IPL captain
The Indian wicketkeeper-batsman started off as a skipper on a winning note as Delhi Capitals beat Chennai Super Kings by seven wickets.
Apr 11, 2021 · 10:19 am
DC captain Rishabh Pant (L) and CSK skipper MS Dhoni | Deepak Malik / Sportzpics for IPL
Delhi Capitals' new skipper Rishabh Pant on Saturday said walking out with Mahendra Singh Dhoni for toss in their IPL opener was a special moment for him as the Chennai Super Kings talisman has been his "go-to man."
Chasing 189 for victory, DC romped to a seven-wicket victory with eight balls to spare after Shikhar Dhawan (85) and Prithvi Shaw (72) struck blistering half-centuries.
"Actually, it was special for me captaining in IPL and walking out for toss with MS. I have learnt from him and he's my go-to man," Pant said at the post-match presentation ceremony in Mumbai.
"He is my go-to man"
A special day for Rishabh Pant to walk out to the toss with MS Dhoni.
🎥 #IPL2021 / BCCI pic.twitter.com/EGtuNKFufx
— The Field (@thefield_in) April 10, 2021
The likes of Chris Woakes and Avesh Khan ensured DC did not miss their first-choice pace duo of Kagiso Rabada and Andre Nortje who are serving their quarantine.
"It was good, once you win the match everything is good. In the middle phase, I was under pressure, but good job from Avesh and the bowlers.
"We were thinking as to what we will do without Nortje and Rabada and I thought we had to do with the options we have.
"We thought whatever we have we have to work around this and put the best playing XI. We just wanted to finish the match before one over, we didn't think about the run-rate."
Pant also lauded the opening duo of Dhawan and Shaw.
"Prithvi and Shikhar did a good job for us in the powerplay. They kept it simple and looked for boundaries."
Chennai Super Kings captain Dhoni said his bowlers will have to pull up their socks after a "poor" outing.
"We could have bowled slightly better, and if batters are hitting you over the fields, that's fair enough.
"The execution of the bowlers was poor and there were boundary balls that they bowled, but the bowlers will have learned and they will apply that in the future games," Dhoni said.
DC's new skipper Rishabh Pant won the toss ad opted to bowl in the game and Dhoni said the dew factor played in their minds.
"A lot depended on dew, and that factor played on our mind from the start and that's why we wanted to get as many runs as possible.
"The batters did a good job to reach 188, because it was tacky until dew settled in 50 minutes later. The opposition have half an hour advantage in a 7:30 start, when the pitch is really tacky and the ball stops a bit, so we need to get 15-20 runs extra to be sage.
"If we get dew consistently, then 200 will be a must on a pitch like this. The bowlers bowled a great line when it was stopping and seaming a bit, and the openers got really good balls in which they got out and that can happen in a game like this," Dhoni said.
Earlier, Suresh Raina announced his IPL comeback with a blazing 36-ball 54 and powered his team to a solid 188 for seven.
Sam Curran smashed 34 off only 15 balls to prop up the CSK innings towards the end. Curran hit four fours and two sixes.
Man of the Match Dhawan emphasised on the need to get a good start and praised his junior teammate Shaw.
"Prithvi was batting really well. He carried on with his form from Vijay Hazare. It was important to get off to a good start because we were chasing a big total. I have to innovate a few shots and I enjoy taking up challenges. I was playing the ball close to the body," Dhawan said.
"The wicket was a little sticky. I knew my game plan. It is tremendous to watch Prithvi. He played some effortless shots. So good and so happy for him as he didn't have a good IPL last time around."
Watch: Hopefully my last T20 game is in Chennai, whether next year or in five years – MS Dhoni


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Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models Application to Model the Factors of Car Ownership in Akure, South West, Nigeria
Joseph O. Oyedepo Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Japheth E. Etu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Keywords: Poisson, Binomial, Regression, Model, Household, Factors
Increase in number of cars without commensurate increase in the number of transport facilities and infrastructures has led to diverse traffic problems in many Nigerian cities like Akure. Factors which contribute to increase in the numbers of cars owned in Akure metropolis were investigated in this study. The study area was divided into three density zones namely High, Medium and Low while, data was collected using well-structured household questionnaire survey distributed amongst residents; with the survey yielding a return of 1002 questionnaire out of the 1181 distributed. Results from field findings gave the average number of cars owned per household in the study area as 0.62. Results of the Poisson Regression Model show that a change in the number of employed household members will decrease the number of cars owned in the study area by 9% while, a unit increase in the number of driver's license holders in the household, academic qualification and average monthly income of the household will increase the number of cars owned by 60%, 26% and 30% respectively. The negative binomial model indicates that a change in the number of employed household members will decrease the number of cars owned by 10% whereas a change in the number of driver's license holders in the household and monthly income will lead to an increase in the number of cars owned by 101% and 24% respectively. The test of model effects affirm that all the predictor variables are statistically significant indicating a good fit for the model predicted. Out of the two models, Poisson regression model is found to be a superior model due to a higher log likelihood ratio Chi Square and improved statistically significant variables. The findings in this research will assist government agencies to plan future transportation infrastructure development.
Fenger, J. (1999): Urban Air Quality. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 33, pp. 48-9
Rodrigue, J-P et al. (2013).The Geography of Transport Systems, Hofstra University, Department of Global Studies & Geography. Retrieved from http://www.people.hofstra.edu/geotrans.on 03/10/2013 at 12:00noon
Cirillo, C. and Liu, Y. (2013) Vehicle Ownership Modeling Framework for the State of Maryland: Analysis and Trends from 2001 and 2009 NHTS Data Transportation Model (MSTM). American Society of Civil Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000128
Awoyemi, O. K., Ita, A. E., Oke, M. O., Abdulkarim, I. A. & Awotayo, G. P.(2012). An Analysis of Trip Generation and Vehicular Traffic Pattern in Akure Metropolis Ondo State, Nigeria. Journals of Social Science and Public Policy, Volume 4.
Scott, D.M. & Axhausen, K.W. (2005). Household Mobility Tool Ownership: Modelling Interactions between Cars and Season Tickets Transportation (forthcoming).
De Jong, G., Fox, J., Pieters, M.,Daly, A. and Smith, R., (2004) A comparison of car ownership models Transport Reviews 24(4), pp.379.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164032000138733
De Jong, G. C., Kitamura, R. and Klooster, J (1994): A disaggregate model of vehicle holding duration, type choice and use.
Dargay, J. and Gately, D. (1999). Income's effect on car and vehicle ownership worldwide: 1960-2015. Transport atcion Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33(2):101-138.
Mokonyama, M. and Venter, C. (2007). Journal of the South African institution of civil engineering Vol 49 no 3, pages 2-10, paper 633.
Kalenoja, H. (2001). Car ownership effects on the availability of local service. The Nordic Research Network on modelling transport, land use and environment, Finland
Dargay J. and Vythoulkas P., (1999) Estimation of a Dynamic car Ownership Model; a Pseudo-panel Approach. Journal of transport economics and policy, September 199, vol 33, part 3, pp 287-302.
Oyedepo J. O. and Etu J. E. Statistical Model Analysis of Dependence on Motor Cycle Transport at Ifedore LGA Ondo Nigeria Futojnls, Volume2, Issue-1, Pp- 118 - 126
Agbelie, B.R.D.K. A comparative empirical analysis of statistical models for evaluating highway segment crash frequency. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) (2016), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jtte.2016.07.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2016.07.001
Oyedepo, J. O., & Etu, J. E. (2016). Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models Application to Model the Factors of Car Ownership in Akure, South West, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering, 3(2), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.309.2016


Your residence and backyard are generally the two most critical places you deal with on a everyday basis. Of the two, most will say it is really harder to maintain suitable gardening methods and generate a stunning scene. It might be more difficult to some, but that is only because they are not adhering to these simple phrases of advice that are discussed listed here.
The first factor you can do to ward off backyard pests is to ensure you are using healthy soil in your backyard garden. If you have healthy hunting crops, they are more robust and more resistant to illnesses and bugs. If you want to get the greatest crops, get started with a soil that has rarely any chemical compounds, and that will provide salts.
A good notion when gardening is to hold a record of progress. If it is a journal kind or photographic sort of recording the progress of the backyard is useful for the many years to arrive. Recording which types of crops work properly, which did not perform or what kinds of soil can assist foreseeable future gardens commence without having any demo and error of earlier years.
Do not assume that insects are to blame for all plants illnesses. There are a lot of issues that can affect the well being of a plant. The PH of the h2o you are using, the spot of the plant (beneath shade vs direct sun), the volume of soil in the pot and several other factors can be a identifying issue.
Never try out to get rid of reduced lying weeds by hand. As an alternative get a tiny shovel and flip them over so their leaves are beneath the dust. You will destroy the weed and the leaves will rot making a new mulch like materials for you to use. It is green and nourishing for the other plants.
A beneficial answer to hold pests like bugs and flying bugs absent from your backyard garden is to place basil, garlic or parsley vegetation as trim plants close to your garden. These vegetation have the ability to deter pests, whilst even now becoming fairly useful in your kitchen! If a splash of shade is far more your type, marigolds have a equivalent result.
An previous wagon can aid save time as properly as your again. Alternatively of continuously getting to retrieve your gardening instruments as you perform your way about your yard, commandeer an outdated kid's wagon. An old wagon functions as effectively as a backyard garden cart, and can often be obtained cost-free or quite cheaply if you get it utilised.
When you are arranging exactly where to set your garden, decide on a location that makes it possible for it to get a lot of sun. If you area it in the shade, you will be restricting the varieties of vegetation that you are ready to expand. For case in point, tomatoes need a good deal of sunshine to thrive and a shaded location just is not going to operate for them.
You need to don't forget to consume a lot of h2o while you are gardening. A lot of folks fail to remember to keep up with their drinking water intake due to the fact they do not believe that they are undertaking a demanding action. Gardening may possibly not often be intense but extended publicity to the solar can direct to dehydration and ingesting lots of h2o is one particular way to avert it.
Are you active with your organic and natural garden? Remember, prior to you replant your flowers or greens exterior in cooler temperature, you need to have to get them ready for the adjust in temperature and light-weight! For a few weeks, shift your vegetation to a colder place with no light-weight for a handful of several hours. Slowly increase the amount of time you depart your crops in the cold. Following a number of months, your crops need to be all set for the cooler outside.
Find out to h2o your yard effectively. A soaker hose can be laid in the backyard and left on with low drinking water pressure. This frees you up from possessing to hand-water the crops, so you can do other gardening operate. Consider treatment with seedlings, although -- they are even now fragile and need to have to be watered by hand.
Listed here is a tip for organic gardening! Use a rain gauge. Most vegetation need about an inch of h2o for every 7 days. To know how significantly you want to water, it is essential to know how significantly water the crops gained from rain. As rainfall can differ greatly in a city, do not rely on your temperature report alternatively use a rain gauge to establish the amount that fell at your place.
garden bridges amazon garden bay bridge singapore Research botanical insecticides that can be acquired domestically to help in ridding your yard of pests. Sometimes the natural pesticides can be even a lot more effective than the engineered synthetic pesticides on the industry. Even so, botanical insecticides may not last as prolonged due to the fact of their biological makeups, which tends to make them vanish more quickly.
Get rid of nematodes this kind of as roundworm or eelworm. These pests can trigger malformed vegetation with stunted, yellowing leaves. In the worst situations, leaves will wilt in a solitary working day and the roots will grow to be contaminated. The very best option is to plant resistant varieties of apple, bean, carrot, celery, cucumber or onion. Otherwise, boost the natural and organic make a difference in your soil. Compost contains predacious fungi and fatty acids that are harmful to nematodes. garden bridge boris Don't forget to disinfect any resources that you have used in infected soil.
Discourage rabbits from using your backyard as a snack bar. Rabbits will consider benefit of your organic garden if you give them the possibility. They do not are inclined to discriminate among specific meals, ingesting something that they face. Blood food, wooden ashes, hot pepper flakes, chili powder or garlic powder sprinkled about your vegetation will discourage them. You can also sprinkle black pepper directly on a plant, which will give the rabbit a sneezing fit.
By sticking accurate to the system and discovering methods to employ it into your expanding backyard, you can be confident that every single period is more stunning than the previous. You no more time require to be born with a eco-friendly thumb when you can adhere to these tips and basically increase a single right on your hand!


With so many galleries and museums in NYC, we can never have enough contributors!!
Hi Meredith! Great job. Now I have to go check it out.
I got a pair of MBT Bomoas after hearing a friend rave about hers. I ordered a half size larger than usual at the suggestion of other customers on the Zappos site, and they fit perfectly, especially with thick socks. Walking in them is great fun (lots of bounce). Standing requires a little more adaptation. They were perfect for long walks in London; smart enough for a city but comfortable for miles of walking on concrete. I have also used them for 5-mile hikes in the woods; they probably don't have quite enough traction for trail shoes, but they work all right. Good purchase!


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ARKANSAS CONTINUES PREP FOR THE AT&T COTTON BOWL CLASSIC
Photo By: Photo by Melissa Macatee/CBAA
ARLINGTON -- The No. 6 Arkansas Razorbacks continued to work closer to their matchup with the No. 8 Kansas State Wildcats in the 76th AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic with a fourth practice at Cowboys Stadium Wednesday morning.
Head coach Bobby Petrino commented in his news conference prior to the team's practice that the Razorbacks have enjoyed a great week preparing to play in a game with such great history and tradition as the AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic.
"It's been a tremendous experience for our football team and our families with a first-class organization. Everything we have done and all of the hospitality has been amazing," said Petrino. "I'm proud of our football team. They've worked extremely hard to get here. We're really looking forward to the matchup on Friday night. I think it's going to be a great game. Whenever you can play the sixth-place team in the country against the eighth-place team in the country, I think it's really exciting and I know our players and coaches are excited for the game to get here."
This year's Classic could cap a highly successful season for Arkansas, as a win over Kansas State would give the Razorbacks their first 11-win season since 1977. That season Arkansas finished with an 11-1 record and as No. 2 in the nation on the strength of a 31-6 victory over Oklahoma in the Orange Bowl on Jan. 2, 1978.
Before the Razorbacks put a close on the 2011 season, the team will enjoy another social outing, again at American Airlines Center, to see the defending National Basketball Association champion Dallas Mavericks take on the Phoenix Suns. Arkansas' final practice Thursday afternoon is CLOSED to the media and public.
The 76th AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic is Friday, Jan. 6 on FOX. The telecast starts at 7 p.m., with kickoff scheduled for 7:32 p.m. Gus Johnson will handle the play-by-play duties with Charles Davis as the color analyst. Tim Brewster and former Dallas Cowboys great Daryl Johnston will serve as sideline reporters.
For the 20th consecutive year, the Classic will be heard around the world through the Westwood One Radio Network. Brad Sham, "The Voice of the Dallas Cowboys", and former UCLA head coach Terry Donahue will be on the call.


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mdigital » Funk » Village People - Macho Man
Village People - Macho Man download mp3 album
Village_People Disco 1978 US
XM MP3 WAV DTS VQF DXD XM
Macho Man is the second studio album by Village People, released on February 27, 1978. The album gained success due to its hit singles, "Macho Man" (US Billboard pop chart and "Key West. Rolling Stone said of the album, "It seems certain to become the first out-and-out disco album without John Travolta on its cover ever to be certified platinum". This album was reissued to CD in 1999. All tracks written by Henri Belolo, Jacques Morali, Peter Whitehead and Victor Willis, except where noted.
Village People - Macho Man (1978). Songs in album Village People - Macho Man (1978).
Village People Live and SleazyOriginal Live Album 1980. Исполнитель: Village People. Macho, macho man I wanna be a macho man Macho, macho man I want to be a mach. an! Everybody! Macho, macho man I wanna be a macho man Macho, macho man I wanna be a mach. an! Man Ma. ea. ou fucking faggot!
Quality: 192-256 Kbits/sec. Bitrate (quality): 192256. mp3. 1. Macho Man. 5:21. 2. I Am What I Am. 5:29.
The group was originally formed by French producers Jacques Morali, Henri Belolo and lead singer Victor Willis following the release of the debut album Village People, which targeted disco's gay audience. The group's name refers to New York City's Greenwich Village, at the time known for its large gay population.
Watch the video for Macho Man from Village People's Greatest Hits for free, and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. Macho Man" is the second single recorded by the American disco group Village People. The song "bubbled under" the charts during summer 1978 before picking up substantial airplay that August. It became the Village People's first charting hit, peaking at number 25 in the United States on the Billboard Hot 100. A medley with "I Am What I Am" and "Key West" reached number 4 on Billboard's Dance Music/Club Play Singles chart.
Macho Man (Cass, Album). Macho Man (LP, Album, TP, W/Lbl). DJM Records (2). none.
5. 5:210:30. Listen to San Francisco Macho Man (Original Album 1978) now. Listen to San Francisco Macho Man (Original Album 1978) in full in the this site app. Play on this site.
6. 5:28. 1978 Can't Stop Productions NYC 1978. More By Village People. Can't Stop the Music (Original Soundtrack).
A1 Macho Man 5:18
A2 I Am What I Am 5:37
B1 Key West 5:42
Medley 4:36
B2a Just A Gigolo 1:15
B2b I Ain't Got Nobody 3:21
B3 Sodom And Gomorrah 6:17
Distributed By – Casablanca Record And FilmWorks, Inc.
Manufactured By – Casablanca Record And FilmWorks, Inc.
Phonographic Copyright (p) – Casablanca Record And FilmWorks, Inc.
Copyright (c) – Casablanca Record And FilmWorks, Inc.
Arranged By [Rhythm & Percussion] – Jacques Morali
Arranged By [Strings & Horns], Conductor – Horace Ott
Arranged By [Vocals] – Jacques Morali, Victor Willis
Backing Vocals – Alexander Briley, David Hodo, Felipe Rose, Glenn Hughes , Randy Jones
Bass – Alfonso Carey
Congas – E. (Crusher) Bennett*
Drums – Russell Dabney
Electric Piano [Fender Rhodes], Clavinet – Nathanial "Crocket" Wilke*
Engineer – Gerald Block
Lead Guitar – Jimmy Lee
Lead Vocals – Victor Willis
Other [Make Up] – Pascale
Percussion – Peter Whitehead, Phil Kraus
Percussion [Foot Bells] – Felipe Rose
Photography By – J. Galluzzi*
Producer – Jacques Morali
Rhythm Guitar – Rodger Lee
Written-By – Henri Belolo (tracks: A1 to B1, B3), Irving Caesar (tracks: B2a), Jacques Morali (tracks: A1 to B1, B3), Leonello Casucci (tracks: B2a), Peter Whitehead (tracks: A1 to B1, B3), Roger Graham (tracks: B2b), Spencer Williams (tracks: B2b), Victor Willis (tracks: A1 to B1, B3)
Produced for Can't Stop Productions, Inc.
℗ © 1978 Casablanca Record and FilmWorks, Inc.
Matrix / Runout (Side 1 label): NBLP 7096-AS
Matrix / Runout (Side 1 runout (etched)): NBLP 7096AS-REI-CPI JR
Matrix / Runout (Side 2 label): NBLP 7096-BS
Matrix / Runout (Side 2 runout (etched)): NBLP 7096BS-REI-CP JR
NBLP 7096 Village People Macho Man (LP, Album, Spe) Casablanca NBLP 7096 US 1978
NBLP 7096 Village People Macho Man (LP, Album, Club, P/Mixed, CRC) Casablanca NBLP 7096 US 1978
NBL5-7096 Village People Macho Man (Cass, Album) Casablanca NBL5-7096 US 1978
none Village People Macho Man (LP, Album, TP, W/Lbl) DJM Records none UK 1978
NBLP 7096 Village People Macho Man (LP, Album, Kee) Casablanca NBLP 7096 US 1978
Well its the village people and has a classic song on it, you know you need it! lol
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The Rockin' 1000 are an Italian supergroup of sorts, dubbing themselves "the biggest rock band on earth." It's a title we can't quite deny—they've got over 1,000 band members.
All 1,000+ of them got together to cover Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit," and it's kind of amazing. Check it out below.
So just how do over a thousand people team up to create one band? Under the leadership of organizer Fabio Zaffagnini, musicians banded together for a massive Foo Fighters cover in a successful attempt to convince the American band to play a show in Italy. Since then, The Rockin' 1000 have covered David Bowie and more. How cool is that?


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Earth Venus's Evil Twin • 2015 • episode "S4E2" • How the Universe Works
There is a hellish planet in our solar system; covered in thick dense clouds and roasted by colossal temperatures. Incredibly this is a vision of Earth's future. To understand how our world will be destroyed we need to look at Earth's evil twin Venus.
How the Universe Works • 2010 - 2020 • 69 episodes •
Volcanoes - The Furnaces Of Life
Scientists are discovering volcanoes on worlds we once thought dead. From our nearest planetary neighbour to tiny moons billions of miles away, today we are discovering volcanoes on alien worlds. Are these worlds where, tomorrow, we might find life? .
2012 • Creativity
The big bang still remains the greatest mystery of all time.
Did a Black Hole Built the Milky Way?
To discover what created the Milky Way, scientists have to look back 13.7 billion years to the moments just after the Big Bang.
Weapons of Mass Extinction
Asteroids strike, planets collide, black holes blast out death rays, volcanoes erupt and ice engulfs the planet. These are the universe's weapons of extinction. They've happened before - wiping out entire species, and they will happen again. Are we next?
Journey From The Center of the Sun
How does light escape from the sun? We take a journey from the centre of the sun, following the path of light. We witness its fiery birth from in the core, its 430,000 mile battle against gravity and magnetism, and its escape from the solar surface.
Forces of Mass Construction
Scientists attempt to understand how this strange force of magnetism works.
The First Oceans
For years, scientists suspected that the oceans came from molecules delivered to Earth from distant stars by asteroids, but a new discovery suggests that their true origins may be more exotic.
Dawn of Life
Discovering how life on Earth came to be; the possibility that life on Earth come from another planet.
Secret History of the Moon
The incredible secrets of the moon are revealed; the moon might be responsible for life on Earth.
Edge of the Solar System
The only reason life on Earth is possible is because of our stable orbit around the Sun. Elsewhere in the Universe, orbits are chaotic, violent and destructive. On the largest scale, orbits are a creative force and construct the fabric of the Universe.
The first episode of this series focuses on a subject that has fascinated scientists for hundreds of years - stars. Right now in the Universe's giant furnaces stars are being born. See how their creation changed the cosmos forever, leading to planets and life itself.
For many years Black Holes were believed to be myths, but modern astronomy is proving the reality of the most powerful destroyers in the Universe.
Explore the violent formation of our solar system, and look forward to its eventual death. And, what do other planetary systems around far-flung stars look like?
Are moons the most likely place to find life beyond the Earth? Explore the 300 that lie within our solar system which might give an idea of the Earth's turbulent past.
From giant burning gas spheres to icy orphaned worlds wandering in interstellar space, explore the strange planets that inhabit the vast spread of the universe.
Megastorms - The Winds of Creation
Tornadoes, hurricanes, snowstorms, lightning and floods – for us these destructive forces are symptoms of Earth's creative energy. The weather on Earth is one of the drivers for life and even the most violent and destructive storms create new opportunities for life to flourish. In our quest to discover if we are alone in the universe, we have recently hit upon a surprising new approach — we shouldn't just look for worlds, we should look for weather. What is true of Earth could also be true of other planets throughout the whole universe. Across the immense distances of space, find chaotic weather — find that megastorm — and maybe we will find alien life.
Megaflares - Cosmic Firestorms
The Universe is a magnetic minefield, with cosmic bombs detonating everywhere. Our own Sun regularly spits out lethal and spectacular flares, capable of battering our power and communications systems here on Earth, and that's just the tip of the iceberg. Far out in space, spinning star systems crackle and explode, magnetic monsters rip worlds apart, star-quakes shoot out beams of devastating energy, and galactic flamethrowers fire gamma-rays half way across the Universe. Scientists are only now beginning to comprehend the true variety of the Universe's arsenal. As we uncover the most dangerous megaflares in the cosmos, the question is, will we find Earth in the firing line?
Extreme Orbits - Clockwork and Creation
Orbits are the dynamics that drive the universe. From the smallest asteroid to the largest super-cluster, everything in the universe is in orbit. We owe our very existence to the stability of earth's orbit — it gave us life and keeps us safe. But we are the freaks. Everywhere else we look we find orbits are chaotic, unstable, and violent. Beyond our solar system we find planets that are blow-torched, stars that eat each other, and black holes that destroy everything in their path. Yet on the very largest scale, orbits are also a creative force. clashing galaxies give birth to new stars and new worlds. on the galactic scale orbits even construct the fabric of the universe itself.
Comets - Frozen Wanderers
We think of comets as beautiful glowing balls of light streaking across our skies with their long sweeping tails, yet comets are so much more than just a cosmic firework display. Comets have a uniquely important place in modern science. As time machines from the early universe, they could hold the key to unlock the secrets of the cosmos. Comets could even be the origin of life itself. We follow the incredible odyssey of a comet as it sails through the solar system, watching it's every move as it evolves from a dormant chunk of ice and rock into a tumbling, violently active nucleus engulfed in a gaseous haze. What we learn is a revelation; comets are even more mysterious and fascinating than we had ever imagined.
Asteroids - Worlds that Never Were
Asteroids have a bad reputation as deadly rocks from space. They wiped out the dinosaurs and will be back for us. But that's only half the story. Ancient asteroids built the Earth. And they may have brought life to its barren surface. Asteroids will shape our future as much as our past. They are the perfect location for deep space colonies and could be the stepping stones that eventually send humans out into the cosmos. From icy worlds with more fresh water than Earth to flying mountains of pure metal, a hundred miles wide, scientists are striving to unlock their secrets. Could these enigmatic space rocks hold the key to how life in the Universe arises and is extinguished?
Birth of the Earth
The Earth is an amazing place. It provides everything needed to sustain billions of creatures, plants and human civilization. We owe our very existence today to the planet's turbulent past. Our world was formed by a series of cataclysms, from the most powerful blast in the Universe to a planetary collision that could have destroyed it. Yet without these events, the Earth would not exist. Nor we. Could the same extraordinary chain of events have created other earth-like planets elsewhere in the Universe? Inhabited by creatures like us? The odds seem slim. But the incredible story of the birth of our world reveals that earths must be abundant. The question is no longer "are we alone" but "how far away are our neighbors?"
The End of the Universe
How and when will the Universe end? Gravity and dark matter are poised to annihilate the Universe in a big crunch. Expansion and dark energy may tear it apart. Or, a phase transition could kill us tomorrow in a cosmic death bubble.
Beneath Jupiter's swirling clouds lie our solar system's deepest secrets: from its violent youth, through the birth of life to the death of the sun. Now, scientists are unlocking these secrets and discovering that every living thing exists thanks to Jupiter.
First Second of the Big Bang
The first second of the Universe, the creation of everything when space, time, matter and energy burst into existence. It is the most important second in history, which seals the Universe's fate and defines everything that comes after - including us.
Saturn's secrets are out. The ferocious weather, the evolving ring system and the discovery of active geology on Saturn's moons has rewritten the textbooks. Scientists are looking for life on Saturn's moons and they may have found it on Titan.
Our Voyage to the Stars
One day, a cosmic disaster will make life on Earth impossible. To survive, we must find a new home amongst the stars. Scientists are already developing new propulsion systems to take us to these distant worlds.
The Search for a Second Earth
Is there another Earth out there with liquid oceans, rocky continents and life like us? Astronomers seek the answer with spectroscopy, direct imaging and telescopes. They hope to find evidence of atmospheres, magnetospheres and signs of life.
How the Universe Built Your Car
Beneath the hood of your car lies the history of the Universe. The iron in your chassis, the gold in your stereo and the copper in your electronics all owe their existence to violent cosmic events that took place billions of years ago.
Earth Venus's Evil Twin
Monster Black Hole
Black holes are the least understood places in the universe, where the rules of physics collapse. We go inside the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way to uncover terrifying secrets about parallel universes, wormholes, and space-time.
Most Amazing Discoveries
From the furthest reaches of space to our own cosmic backyard, we count down the discoveries that changed everything we know about our universe.
Black Holes: The Secret Origin
Recent discoveries could explain how supermassive black holes grow so big, one of the universe's most mysterious questions. Neither dark matter nor cannibalism can fully explain these monsters, but the latest science might finally provide an answer.
Mystery of Planet 9
Examining a ninth planet that may be on the outer edge of the solar system. Scientists speculate that it could be 10 times the size of Earth and have moons capable of hosting life.
Secret History of Pluto
The first close-up images of Pluto revealed unimaginable secrets of this mysterious frozen world. Now, scientists investigate if Pluto is home to a warm ocean of liquid water beneath its surface, and whether this underground ocean could harbour life.
Stars That Kill
Exploring the real-life Death Stars in the cosmos that could snuff out Earth without much effort; the science of the destructive power behind six of the deadliest star; vampire stars; supernovas; rogue stars.
The Universe's Deadliest
The universe is a dangerous place, and we explore the deadliest spots in the cosmos. Between earth and the edge of the universe, there are a million ways to die, and our crash test dummy is on a mission to reveal the worst.
Life and Death on the Red Planet
Life once existed on Mars, but a series of devastating mass extinctions have made present-day life nearly impossible. The latest science shows how Martian life keeps bouncing back as it transforms from a watery world like Earth into a desert planet.
The Dark Matter Enigma
Dark matter is the biggest mystery of the cosmos. Scientists know that it has been vital to the universe since its birth, and new discoveries reveal that it could create black holes, cause mass extinctions, and might even shape life on Earth itself.
Strangest Alien Worlds
Discoveries of new planets have revealed countless worlds much stranger than Earth. Some of these strange worlds don't have stars; others are made out of diamonds. Will we ever find a planet like Earth, or are these distant worlds stranger than fiction?
Are Black Holes Real?
New discoveries are challenging everything we know about black holes -- astronomers are beginning to question if they even exist. The latest science tries to explain how they work & what they look like, despite the fact we've never actually seen one.
Twin Suns: The Alien Mysteries
Planets that orbit two suns instead of one might be deadly hell worlds, but new discoveries reveal that sci-fi star systems with binary stars might be optimal places for alien life.
Uranus & Neptune Rise of the Ice Giants
Uranus and Neptune are mysterious, icy worlds at the edge of the solar system; new discoveries reveal that these strange planets may have helped start life on Earth.
Dark History of the Solar System
Our solar system hides a dark and violent past, and new discoveries reveal that the earth and planets were formed from the destruction of strange alien worlds that came before us.
Secret History of Mercury
Mercury is a deadly world, facing attacks from the sun, comets, and other planets, and even though it's the smallest planet in the solar system, it has a dangerous secret a dangerous secret that might one day threaten life on Earth.
Death of the Milky Way
The Milky Way is dying, and experts are investigating what's killing it.
The Quasar Enigma
Quasars are the brightest and most powerful objects in our universe, and though they have shaped the cosmos, they might ultimately destroy everything that exists.
Strange Lives of Dwarf Planets
Our solar system is home to hundreds of strange, tiny worlds called dwarf planets, and new discoveries reveal the secrets of these mysterious places.
Nightmares of Neutron Stars
Neutron stars are strange and violent phenomena that defy the laws of physics, and new discoveries reveal that these bizarre nightmares are far more deadly than previously believed, with the power to destroy planets and even other stars.
When Supernovas Strike
Supernovas are the violent death of giant stars, and new discoveries reveal that these cataclysmic events create the elements that are essential to all life in the universe.
The Interstellar Mysteries
Discoveries about interstellar space, the space between the universe's stars, reveal that it's not empty and unremarkable as previously thought, but filled with weird objects and strange phenomena that might hold the darkest secrets of the cosmos.
How the Black Holes Made Us
Black holes are not the violent monsters people think they are, and new discoveries reveal that they might have been essential to creating stars, giving light, and building the universe itself.
Secret World of Nebulas
Nebulas are the strange structures of cosmic gas and dust where stars are born and die, and new discoveries reveal the secrets of these mysterious places.
Did the Big Bang Really Happen?
New discoveries are causing astronomers to question if the Big Bang really happened, and using the latest science, they investigate if it wasn't just the start of our universe but many mysterious multiverses.
Battle of the Dark Universe
Dark matter and dark energy are locked in an epic battle for control of the cosmos, and the winner will determine the fate of the universe. New discoveries might reveal which force will emerge victorious.
Hunt for Alien Life
The latest discoveries suggest that we might be on the verge of discovering life beyond our planet, and scientists are investigating if earth's life began elsewhere in the universe, and whether we need to evolve to know for sure.
Finding the New Earth
New discoveries have revealed thousands of exoplanets beyond the solar system. Some resemble earth enough that one could be a new home for humanity. Even with cutting-edge technology, finding the perfect one is the scientific challenge of the age.
Cassini's Final Secrets
For twenty years, NASA's Cassini spacecraft revealed the strange secrets of Saturn until it vaporized in its atmosphere in a blaze of glory. But today its legacy lives on, as fresh data from the probe helps scientists make brand-new discoveries.
Asteroid Apocalypse: The New Threat
If a massive asteroid collides with earth, it could end life on our planet as we know it; new discoveries and cutting-edge tech reveal just how close we are to apocalypse and what it would take for the world's leading space agencies to stop it.
NASA's Journey to Mars
NASA is on a mission to send humans to Mars within just 15 years, but to reach this next frontier of space exploration, experts must discover new technology and cutting-edge science that protects astronauts from the Red Planet's deadliest killers.
Hunt for Alien Evidence
The discovery of extraterrestrial life might face an impossible challenge: the physics of the universe itself; but using cutting-edge tech, experts might be on the verge of a groundbreaking find -- and the evidence could already be in hand
Death of the Last Stars
Our universe's stars are dying off faster than new ones are born, and using the latest technology, experts investigate the secrets of the last stars of the cosmos and what this stellar apocalypse means for life on earth.
Secrets of Time Travel
A look at the concepts behind changing the way we travel through the space-time continuum, and how extreme speed and extreme gravity can change the rules of the game.
When NASA Met Jupiter
NASA's Juno spacecraft is part of a cutting-edge mission to explore the mysteries of Jupiter. As this mighty probe is pummeled with deadly radiation, it gathers new data that could change everything we know about the solar system's biggest planet.
We don't yet know where the edge of the universe is or what happens there; but thanks to cutting-edge technology and new discoveries, experts might finally reveal the secrets of the phenomena that can be found in deepest reaches of the cosmos.
Monsters of the Milky Way
The center of the Milky Way is home to strange and deadly phenomena that we don't yet understand, but using the latest science, experts are revealing how the supermassive black hole our galaxy's core shapes life on Earth.
Earth's Death Orbit
Earth's journey through the universe is a perilous one, and new discoveries reveal that our planet is heading toward a mysterious area of the cosmos that could eject us out of the Milky Way and into oblivion.
Journeys in Space and Time
Ideas about time and space are explored in the changes that constellations undergo over time, the redshift and blue shift measured in interstellar objects, time dilation in Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, the designs of both Leonardo da Vinci and spacecraft that could travel near light speed, time travel and its hypothetical effects on human history, the origins of the Solar System, the history of life, and the immensity of space. In Cosmos Update, the idea of faster-than-light travel by wormholes (researched by Kip Thorne and shown in Sagan's novel Contact) is discussed.
8/13 • Cosmos: A Personal Voyage • 1980 • Astronomy
Astronaut Chris Hadfield has seen the bullet holes left by asteroids on Earth's surface. Our planet is vulnerable. Could we ever survive elsewhere?
6/10 • One Strange Rock • 2018 • Astronomy
The Farthest: Voyager's Interstellar Journey
Twelve billion miles away a tiny spaceship is leaving our solar system and entering the void of deep space. It is the first human-made object ever to do so. Slowly dying within its heart is a plutonium generator that will beat for perhaps another decade before the lights on Voyager finally go out. But this little craft will travel on for millions of years, carrying a Golden Record bearing recordings and images of life on Earth. The story of Voyager is an epic of human achievement, personal drama and almost miraculous success. Launched 16 days apart in 1977, the twin Voyager space probes have defied all the odds, survived countless near misses and almost 40 years later continue to beam revolutionary information across unimaginable distances. With less computing power than a modern hearing aid, they have unlocked the stunning secrets of our solar system. This film tells the story of these magnificent machines, the men and women who built them and the vision that propelled them farther than anyone could ever have hoped.
Storyville • 2017 • Astronomy
Dark Secrets of the Solar System
New evidence is rewriting the history of our solar system, and using the latest discoveries and cutting-edge tech, experts are investigating if our cosmic neighborhood once featured oversized alien Earths and a second Sun.
Space's Deepest Secrets • 2019 • Astronomy
9 • Cosmic Front • 2014 • Astronomy
Different Worlds
We reveal the planetary enigmas on our doorstep and embark on the New Horizons voyage to photograph Pluto. Will our encounter with this tiny ball of ice and rock and the trillions of icy objects beyond it paint a clearer picture of how the planets came to be?
1/8 • The Planets • 2004 • Astronomy