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IJMS
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Druggability of Proteins
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Special Issue "Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Druggability of Proteins"
A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2023 | Viewed by 32709
Prof. Dr. Claudiu T. Supuran
grade E-Mail Website
Neurofarba Department, Section of Farmaceutical and Neutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Interests: drug design; metalloenzymes; carbonic anhydrases; anticancer agents; antiinfectives; sulfonamides; coumarins
Special Issue in Molecules: Structure-Based Drug Design
Special Issue in Metabolites: Cancer Metabolomics 2016
Special Issue in Pathogens: Pathogen Legionella pneumophila
Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Enzyme-Inhibitor Interaction as Examples of Molecular Recognition
Special Issue in Molecules: Sulfonamides
Special Issue in Metabolites: Carbonic Anhydrases and Metabolism
Special Issue in Marine Drugs: Carbonic Anhydrase in Marine Organism
Special Issue in Molecules: Metalloenzyme Inhibitors and Activators
Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Protease and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Their Roles in Pathological Processes
Special Issue in Metabolites: Carbonic Anhydrases and Metabolism Volume 2
Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: 21st Anniversary of IJMS: Advances in Biochemistry
Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Protease and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, II
Special Issue in Metabolites: Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment
Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Carbonic Anhydrase and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Tackling New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases through the Development of Novel Anti-infectives
Special Issue in Molecules: Feature Reviews in Bioorganic Chemistry
Topical Collection in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Feature Paper Collection in Biochemistry
Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Carbonic Anhydrase and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 2.0
Prof. Paola Gratteri
Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Polo Scientifico, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
Prof. Silvia Selleri
The proteins are probably the most essential biomolecules for all life processes. In the last 20 years, huge progress with genomics, proteomics, and other OMICS has led to a deep understanding of most aspects of these important biomolecules. However, their study remains as fascinating as ever, because the exact functions of many proteins are not well understood, the regulatory processes and the interactions between proteins have been investigated in detail only recently, and the applications of this research have produced relevant results only in the last decade. These and other aspects related to molecular biology, regulation, structure, and function, as well as druggability of proteins, will be dealt with in this special issue of IJMS. Potential authors are invited to present their latest research in all these fields.
Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.
Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.
Protein structure and function
Proteins as drug targets
Protein–protein interaction
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 3444 KiB)
Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 1,4-Pentadiene-3-one Containing Quinazolinone
Ran Zhou
Wenliang Zhan
Chunmei Yuan
Tao Zhang
Piao Mao
Zhiling Sun
Yousan An
Wei Xue
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2599; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032599 - 30 Jan 2023
Twenty 1,4-pentadiene-3-one derivatives containing quinazolinone (W1–W20) were designed and synthesized. The bioactivity test results showed that some compounds had antifungal activities in vitro. W12 showed excellent bioactivity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) and Phomopsis sp., with EC [...] Read more.
Twenty 1,4-pentadiene-3-one derivatives containing quinazolinone (W1–W20) were designed and synthesized. The bioactivity test results showed that some compounds had antifungal activities in vitro. W12 showed excellent bioactivity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) and Phomopsis sp., with EC50 values of 0.70 and 3.84 μg/mL, which are higher than those of the control drug azoxystrobin at 8.15 and 17.25 μg/mL. In vivo activity tests were carried out on oilseed rape and kiwifruit. The protective effect of W12 on oilseed rape infected with S. sclerotiorum (91.7 and 87.3%) was better than that of azoxystrobin (90.2 and 79.8%) at 100 and 50 μg/mL, respectively, and the protective effect on kiwifruit infected with Phomopsis sp. (96.2%) was better than that of azoxystrobin (94.6%) at 200 μg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy results showed the hyphae of S. sclerotiorum treated with compound W12 abnormally collapsed and shriveled, inhibiting the growth of mycelium and, thus, laying the inhibiting effect on S. sclerotiorum. The results of the mechanism research showed that the action of W12 changed the mycelial morphology of S. sclerotiorum, affected the permeability of cells, increased the leakage of cytoplasm and allowed the cell membrane to break down. This study shows that 1,4-pentadiene-3-one derivatives containing quinazolinone have good effects on plant fungi and the potential for becoming new fungicides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Druggability of Proteins)
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 383 KiB)
Dual Activity BLEG-1 from Bacillus lehensis G1 Revealed Structural Resemblance to B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase and Glyoxalase II: An Insight into Its Enzyme Promiscuity and Evolutionary Divergence
Shaw Xian Au
Nur Syazana Dzulkifly
Noor Dina Muhd Noor
Hiroyoshi Matsumura
Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul Rahman
Yahaya M. Normi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9377; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179377 - 29 Aug 2021
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are class B β-lactamases from the metallo-hydrolase-like MBL-fold superfamily which act on a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics. A previous study on BLEG-1 (formerly called Bleg1_2437), a hypothetical protein from Bacillus lehensis G1, revealed sequence similarity and activity to B3 subclass [...] Read more.
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are class B β-lactamases from the metallo-hydrolase-like MBL-fold superfamily which act on a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics. A previous study on BLEG-1 (formerly called Bleg1_2437), a hypothetical protein from Bacillus lehensis G1, revealed sequence similarity and activity to B3 subclass MBLs, despite its evolutionary divergence from these enzymes. Its relatedness to glyoxalase II (GLXII) raises the possibility of its enzymatic promiscuity and unique structural features compared to other MBLs and GLXIIs. This present study highlights that BLEG-1 possessed both MBL and GLXII activities with similar catalytic efficiencies. Its crystal structure revealed highly similar active site configuration to YcbL and GloB GLXIIs from Salmonella enterica, and L1 B3 MBL from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. However, different from GLXIIs, BLEG-1 has an insertion of an active-site loop, forming a binding cavity similar to B3 MBL at the N-terminal region. We propose that BLEG-1 could possibly have evolved from GLXII and adopted MBL activity through this insertion. Full article
The Fibronectin Expression Determines the Distinct Progressions of Malignant Gliomas via Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway
Chih-Wei Chen
Cheng-Han Yang
Yuan-Ho Lin
Ya-Chin Hou
Tain-Junn Cheng
Sheng-Tsung Chang
Yu-Hua Huang
Shang-Ting Chung
Chung-Ching Chio
Yan-Shen Shan
Hung-Chi Cheng
Wen-Tsan Chang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(7), 3782; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073782 - 06 Apr 2021
Due to the increasing incidence of malignant gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a simple and reliable GBM diagnosis is needed to screen early the death-threaten patients. This study aimed to identify a protein that can be used to discriminate GBM from low-grade astrocytoma [...] Read more.
Due to the increasing incidence of malignant gliomas, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a simple and reliable GBM diagnosis is needed to screen early the death-threaten patients. This study aimed to identify a protein that can be used to discriminate GBM from low-grade astrocytoma and elucidate further that it has a functional role during malignant glioma progressions. To identify proteins that display low or no expression in low-grade astrocytoma but elevated levels in GBM, glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) was particularly examined according to the mining of the Human Protein Atlas. Web-based open megadata minings revealed that FN was mainly mutated in the cBio Cancer Genomic Portal but dominantly overexpressed in the ONCOMINE (a cancer microarray database and integrated data-mining platform) in distinct tumor types. Furthermore, numerous different cancer patients with high FN indeed exhibited a poor prognosis in the PrognoScan mining, indicating that FN involves in tumor malignancy. To investigate further the significance of FN expression in glioma progression, tumor specimens from five malignant gliomas with recurrences that received at least two surgeries were enrolled and examined. The immunohistochemical staining showed that FN expression indeed determined the distinct progressions of malignant gliomas. Furthermore, the expression of vimentin (VIM), a mesenchymal protein that is strongly expressed in malignant cancers, was similar to the FN pattern. Moreover, the level of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was almost recapitulated with the FN expression. Together, this study identifies a protein FN that can be used to diagnose GBM from low-grade astrocytoma; moreover, its expression functionally determines the malignant glioma progressions via TGF-β-induced EMT pathway. Full article
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 21160 KiB)
Identification of a Selective RelA Inhibitor Based on DSE-FRET Screening Methods
Yoshitomo Shiroma
Go Fujita
Takuya Yamamoto
Ryou-u Takahashi
Ashutosh Kumar
Kam Y. J. Zhang
Akihiro Ito
Hiroyuki Osada
Minoru Yoshida
Hidetoshi Tahara
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(23), 9150; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239150 - 30 Nov 2020
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor involved in various biological functions, including tumorigenesis. Hence, NF-κB has attracted attention as a target factor for cancer treatment, leading to the development of several inhibitors. However, existing NF-κB inhibitors do not discriminate between its [...] Read more.
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor involved in various biological functions, including tumorigenesis. Hence, NF-κB has attracted attention as a target factor for cancer treatment, leading to the development of several inhibitors. However, existing NF-κB inhibitors do not discriminate between its subunits, namely, RelA, RelB, cRel, p50, and p52. Conventional methods used to evaluate interactions between transcription factors and DNA, such as electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase assays, are unsuitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) and cannot distinguish NF-κB subunits. We developed a HTS method named DNA strand exchange fluorescence resonance energy transfer (DSE-FRET). This assay is suitable for HTS and can discriminate a NF-κB subunit. Using DSE-FRET, we searched for RelA-specific inhibitors and verified RelA inhibition for 32,955 compounds. The compound A55 (2-(3-carbamoyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl) acetic acid) selectively inhibited RelA–DNA binding. We propose that A55 is a seed compound for RelA-specific inhibition and could be used in clinical applications. Full article
The Molecular Basis and Biologic Significance of the β-Dystroglycan-Emerin Interaction
Wendy Lilián Gómez-Monsivais
Feliciano Monterrubio-Ledezma
Jazmin Huerta-Cantillo
Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
Alma Alamillo-Iniesta
Ian García-Aguirre
Paulina Margarita Azuara-Medina
Raúl Arguello-García
Jhon Erick Rivera-Monroy
James M. Holaska
Jesús Mauricio Ernesto Hernández-Méndez
Efraín Garrido
Jonathan Javier Magaña
Steve J. Winder
Andrea Brancaccio
Ivette Martínez-Vieyra
Fernando Navarro-Garcia
Bulmaro Cisneros
β-dystroglycan (β-DG) assembles with lamins A/C and B1 and emerin at the nuclear envelope (NE) to maintain proper nuclear architecture and function. To provide insight into the nuclear function of β-DG, we characterized the interaction between β-DG and emerin at the molecular level. [...] Read more.
β-dystroglycan (β-DG) assembles with lamins A/C and B1 and emerin at the nuclear envelope (NE) to maintain proper nuclear architecture and function. To provide insight into the nuclear function of β-DG, we characterized the interaction between β-DG and emerin at the molecular level. Emerin is a major NE protein that regulates multiple nuclear processes and whose deficiency results in Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Using truncated variants of β-DG and emerin, via a series of in vitro and in vivo binding experiments and a tailored computational analysis, we determined that the β-DG–emerin interaction is mediated at least in part by their respective transmembrane domains (TM). Using surface plasmon resonance assays we showed that emerin binds to β-DG with high affinity (KD in the nanomolar range). Remarkably, the analysis of cells in which DG was knocked out demonstrated that loss of β-DG resulted in a decreased emerin stability and impairment of emerin-mediated processes. β-DG and emerin are reciprocally required for their optimal targeting within the NE, as shown by immunofluorescence, western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays using emerin variants with mutations in the TM domain and B-lymphocytes of a patient with EDMD. In summary, we demonstrated that β-DG plays a role as an emerin interacting partner modulating its stability and function. Full article
Drug Discovery Targeting the Disorder-To-Order Transition Regions through the Conformational Diversity Mimicking and Statistical Analysis
Insung Na
Sungwoo Choi
Seung Han Son
Vladimir N. Uversky
Chul Geun Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(15), 5248; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155248 - 24 Jul 2020
Intrinsically disordered proteins exist as highly dynamic conformational ensembles of diverse forms. However, the majority of virtual screening only focuses on proteins with defined structures. This means that computer-aided drug discovery is restricted. As a breakthrough, understanding the structural characteristics of intrinsically disordered [...] Read more.
Intrinsically disordered proteins exist as highly dynamic conformational ensembles of diverse forms. However, the majority of virtual screening only focuses on proteins with defined structures. This means that computer-aided drug discovery is restricted. As a breakthrough, understanding the structural characteristics of intrinsically disordered proteins and its application can open the gate for unrestricted drug discovery. First, we segmented the target disorder-to-order transition region into a series of overlapping 20-amino-acid-long peptides. Folding prediction generated diverse conformations of these peptides. Next, we applied molecular docking, new evaluation score function, and statistical analysis. This approach successfully distinguished known compounds and their corresponding binding regions. Especially, Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) inhibitor 10058F4 was well distinguished from others of the chemical compound library. We also studied differences between the two Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) inhibitors (ABA (2-amino-N-[[(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methyl]-acetamide) and APC ((R)-(3-(2-Amino-acetylamino)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester))). Both compounds bind MBD2 through electrostatic interaction behind its p66α-binding site. ABA is also able to bind p66α through electrostatic interaction behind its MBD2-binding site while APC-p66α binding was nonspecific. Therefore, structural heterogeneity mimicking of the disorder-to-order transition region at the peptide level and utilization of the new docking score function represent a useful approach that can efficiently discriminate compounds for expanded virtual screening toward intrinsically disordered proteins. Full article
Identification of Selective Novel Hits against Plasmodium falciparum Prolyl tRNA Synthetase Active Site and a Predicted Allosteric Site Using In Silico Approaches
Dorothy Wavinya Nyamai
Özlem Tastan Bishop
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(11), 3803; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113803 - 27 May 2020
Recently, there has been increased interest in aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) as potential malarial drug targets. These enzymes play a key role in protein translation by the addition of amino acids to their cognate tRNA. The aaRSs are present in all Plasmodium life [...] Read more.
Recently, there has been increased interest in aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) as potential malarial drug targets. These enzymes play a key role in protein translation by the addition of amino acids to their cognate tRNA. The aaRSs are present in all Plasmodium life cycle stages, and thus present an attractive malarial drug target. Prolyl tRNA synthetase is a class II aaRS that functions in charging tRNA with proline. Various inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum ProRS (PfProRS) active site have been designed. However, none have gone through clinical trials as they have been found to be highly toxic to human cells. Recently, a possible allosteric site was reported in PfProRS with two possible allosteric modulators: glyburide and TCMDC-124506. In this study, we sought to identify novel selective inhibitors targeting PfProRS active site and possible novel allosteric modulators of this enzyme. To achieve this, virtual screening of South African natural compounds against PfProRS and the human homologue was carried out using AutoDock Vina. The modulation of protein motions by ligand binding was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) using the GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulations (GROMACS) tool. To further analyse the protein global motions and energetic changes upon ligand binding, principal component analysis (PCA), and free energy landscape (FEL) calculations were performed. Further, to understand the effect of ligand binding on the protein communication, dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis of the MD trajectories was carried out using the MD-TASK tool. A total of ten potential natural hit compounds were identified with strong binding energy scores. Binding of ligands to the protein caused observable global and residue level changes. Dynamic residue network calculations showed increase in betweenness centrality (BC) metric of residues at the allosteric site implying these residues are important in protein communication. A loop region at the catalytic domain between residues 300 and 350 and the anticodon binding domain showed significant contributions to both PC1 and PC2. Large motions were observed at a loop in the Z-domain between residues 697 and 710 which was also in agreement with RMSF calculations that showed increase in flexibility of residues in this region. Residues in this loop region are implicated in ATP binding and thus a change in dynamics may affect ATP binding affinity. Free energy landscape (FEL) calculations showed that the holo protein (protein-ADN complex) and PfProRS-SANC184 complexes were stable, as shown by the low energy with very few intermediates and hardly distinguishable low energy barriers. In addition, FEL results agreed with backbone RMSD distribution plots where stable complexes showed a normal RMSD distribution while unstable complexes had multimodal RMSD distribution. The betweenness centrality metric showed a loss of functional importance of key ATP binding site residues upon allosteric ligand binding. The deep basins in average L observed at the allosteric region imply that there is high accessibility of residues at this region. To further analyse BC and average L metrics data, we calculated the ΔBC and ΔL values by taking each value in the holo protein BC or L matrix less the corresponding value in the ligand-bound complex BC or L matrix. Interestingly, in allosteric complexes, residues located in a loop region implicated in ATP binding had negative ΔL values while in orthosteric complexes these residues had positive ΔL values. An increase in contact frequency between residues Ser263, Thr267, Tyr285, and Leu707 at the allosteric site and residues Thr397, Pro398, Thr402, and Gln395 at the ATP binding TXE loop was observed. In summary, this study identified five potential orthosteric inhibitors and five allosteric modulators against PfProRS. Allosteric modulators changed ATP binding site dynamics, as shown by RMSF, PCA, and DRN calculations. Changes in dynamics of the ATP binding site and increased contact frequency between residues at the proposed allosteric site and the ATP binding site may explain how allosteric modulators distort the ATP binding site and thus might inhibit PfProRS. The scaffolds of the identified hits in the study can be used as a starting point for antimalarial inhibitor development with low human cytotoxicity. Full article
Identification of Inhibitors to Trypanosoma cruzi Sirtuins Based on Compounds Developed to Human Enzymes
Tanira Matutino Bastos
Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
Caio Haddad Franco
Laura Alcântara
Lorenzo Antonini
Manuela Sabatino
Nicola Mautone
Lucio Holanda Freitas-Junior
Carolina Borsoi Moraes
Rino Ragno
Dante Rotili
Sergio Schenkman
Antonello Mai
Nilmar Silvio Moretti
Chagas disease is an illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affecting more than 7 million people in the world. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the only drugs available for treatment and in addition to causing several side effects, are only satisfactory [...] Read more.
Chagas disease is an illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affecting more than 7 million people in the world. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the only drugs available for treatment and in addition to causing several side effects, are only satisfactory in the acute phase of the disease. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases involved in several biological processes, which have become drug target candidates in various disease settings. T. cruzi presents two sirtuins, one cytosolic (TcSir2rp1) and the latter mitochondrial (TcSir2rp3). Here, we characterized the effects of human sirtuin inhibitors against T. cruzi sirtuins as an initial approach to develop specific parasite inhibitors. We found that, of 33 compounds tested, two inhibited TcSir2rp1 (15 and 17), while other five inhibited TcSir2rp3 (8, 12, 13, 30, and 32), indicating that specific inhibitors can be devised for each one of the enzymes. Furthermore, all inhibiting compounds prevented parasite proliferation in cultured mammalian cells. When combining the most effective inhibitors with benznidazole at least two compounds, 17 and 32, demonstrated synergistic effects. Altogether, these results support the importance of exploring T. cruzi sirtuins as drug targets and provide key elements to develop specific inhibitors for these enzymes as potential targets for Chagas disease treatment. Full article
High Cell Selectivity and Bactericidal Mechanism of Symmetric Peptides Centered on d-Pro–Gly Pairs
Boyan Jia
Yiming Wang
Zi Wang
Xue Wang
Inam Muhammad
Lingcong Kong
Zhihua Pei
Hongxia Ma
Xiuyun Jiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(3), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031140 - 08 Feb 2020
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a unique action mechanism that can help to solve global problems in antibiotic resistance. However, their low therapeutic index and poor stability seriously hamper their development as therapeutic agents. In order to overcome these problems, we designed peptides based [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a unique action mechanism that can help to solve global problems in antibiotic resistance. However, their low therapeutic index and poor stability seriously hamper their development as therapeutic agents. In order to overcome these problems, we designed peptides based on the sequence template XXRXXRRzzRRXXRXX-NH2, where X represents a hydrophobic amino acid like Phe (F), Ile (I), and Leu (L), while zz represents Gly–Gly (GG) or d-Pro–Gly (pG). Showing effective antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and low toxicity, designed peptides had a tendency to form an α-helical structure in membrane-mimetic environments. Among them, peptide LRpG (X: L, zz: pG) showed the highest geometric mean average treatment index (GMTI = 73.1), better salt, temperature and pH stability, and an additive effect with conventional antibiotics. Peptide LRpG played the role of anti-Gram-negative bacteria through destroying the cell membrane. In addition, peptide LRpG also exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity by effectively neutralizing endotoxin. Briefly, peptide LRpG has the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent to reduce antibiotic resistance owing to its high therapeutic index and great stability. Full article
Multi-Omics Model Applied to Cancer Genetics
Francesco Pettini
Anna Visibelli
Vittoria Cicaloni
Daniele Iovinelli
Ottavia Spiga
In this review, we focus on bioinformatic oncology as an integrative discipline that incorporates knowledge from the mathematical, physical, and computational fields to further the biomedical understanding of cancer. Before providing a deeper insight into the bioinformatics approach and utilities involved in oncology, [...] Read more.
In this review, we focus on bioinformatic oncology as an integrative discipline that incorporates knowledge from the mathematical, physical, and computational fields to further the biomedical understanding of cancer. Before providing a deeper insight into the bioinformatics approach and utilities involved in oncology, we must understand what is a system biology framework and the genetic connection, because of the high heterogenicity of the backgrounds of people approaching precision medicine. In fact, it is essential to providing general theoretical information on genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics to understand the phases of multi-omics approach. We consider how to create a multi-omics model. In the last section, we describe the new frontiers and future perspectives of this field. Full article
Inhibitors of Chemoresistance Pathways in Combination with Ara-C to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in AML. A Mini Review
Guadalupe Rosario Fajardo-Orduña
Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
María de Lourdes Mora-García
Benny Weiss-Steider
Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4955; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094955 - 07 May 2021
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common type of leukemia in older adults, is a heterogeneous disease that originates from the clonal expansion of undifferentiated hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells present a remarkable variety of genes and proteins with altered expression and function. [...] Read more.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common type of leukemia in older adults, is a heterogeneous disease that originates from the clonal expansion of undifferentiated hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells present a remarkable variety of genes and proteins with altered expression and function. Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular panorama of AML and the development of therapies that target mutations, survival has not improved significantly, and the therapy standard is still based on highly toxic chemotherapy, which includes cytarabine (Ara-C) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Approximately 60% of AML patients respond favorably to these treatments and go into complete remission; however, most eventually relapse, develop refractory disease or chemoresistance, and do not survive for more than five years. Therefore, drug resistance that initially occurs in leukemic cells (primary resistance) or that develops during or after treatment (acquired resistance) has become the main obstacle to AML treatment. In this work, the main molecules responsible for generating chemoresistance to Ara-C in AML are discussed, as well as some of the newer strategies to overcome it, such as the inclusion of molecules that can induce synergistic cytotoxicity with Ara-C (MNKI-8e, emodin, metformin and niclosamide), subtoxic concentrations of chemotherapy (PD0332991), and potently antineoplastic treatments that do not damage nonmalignant cells (heteronemin or hydroxyurea + azidothymidine). Full article
Flavodoxins as Novel Therapeutic Targets against Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastric Pathogens
Sandra Salillas
Javier Sancho
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(5), 1881; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051881 - 10 Mar 2020
Flavodoxins are small soluble electron transfer proteins widely present in bacteria and absent in vertebrates. Flavodoxins participate in different metabolic pathways and, in some bacteria, they have been shown to be essential proteins representing promising therapeutic targets to fight bacterial infections. Using purified [...] Read more.
Flavodoxins are small soluble electron transfer proteins widely present in bacteria and absent in vertebrates. Flavodoxins participate in different metabolic pathways and, in some bacteria, they have been shown to be essential proteins representing promising therapeutic targets to fight bacterial infections. Using purified flavodoxin and chemical libraries, leads can be identified that block flavodoxin function and act as bactericidal molecules, as it has been demonstrated for Helicobacter pylori (Hp), the most prevalent human gastric pathogen. Increasing antimicrobial resistance by this bacterium has led current therapies to lose effectiveness, so alternative treatments are urgently required. Here, we summarize, with a focus on flavodoxin, opportunities for pharmacological intervention offered by the potential protein targets described for this bacterium and provide information on other gastrointestinal pathogens and also on bacteria from the gut microbiota that contain flavodoxin. The process of discovery and development of novel antimicrobials specific for Hp flavodoxin that is being carried out in our group is explained, as it can be extrapolated to the discovery of inhibitors specific for other gastric pathogens. The high specificity for Hp of the antimicrobials developed may be of help to reduce damage to the gut microbiota and to slow down the development of resistant Hp mutants. Full article
Figure A1
Int. J. Mol. Sci., EISSN 1422-0067, Published by MDPI


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12: Training Health Equity Leaders
Dr. Nirav D. Shah, MD, JD, ASTHO President and Director of the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, discusses responding to public concerns about COVID-19 vaccines; Daniel E. Dawes, Director of the Satcher Health Leadership Institute at...
Season 1 Health Equity Immunization Emerging Infectious Diseases COVID-19 HIV Public Health ASTHO Association Of State And Territory Health Officials
Dr. Nirav D. Shah, MD, JD, ASTHO President and Director of the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, discusses responding to public concerns about COVID-19 vaccines; Daniel E. Dawes, Director of the Satcher Health Leadership Institute at the Morehouse School of Medicine, encourages public health leaders from under-represented communities to sign up for a new ASTHO/Satcher leadership program; and Tequam Tiruneh, an ASTHO senior analyst of Clinical to Community Connections, talks about efforts on behalf of those living with HIV.
Document: COVID-19 Vaccine Comparison
Webpage: Diverse Executives Leading in Public Health
Daniel E. Dawes named director of Satcher Health Leadership Institute at Morehouse School of Medicine
Blog article: Ending the HIV epidemic: 40 years of progress
This is Public Health Review Morning Edition for Wednesday, August 25th, 2021. I'm Robert Johnson.
As we learn more about organizations considering vaccine mandates, we're thinking about people who've yet to get a COVID-19 shot. Some have questions; others are deciding against a vaccine based on bad information.
Dr. Nirav Shah is ASTHO's president and director of the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
I think if we talk about the why people believe the things they do, there, I think, we might be able to convince a few folks to get on board.
A lot of these concerns, this outright opposition to vaccines, is driven by things like fear: fear that the vaccines were raced; that they are being driven by corporate interests, not public health.
If you get to those whys, then it's a lot easier to have a conversation about what's going on rather than doing a point-by-point refutation of what the footnotes said, and that sort of thing.
Dr. Shah talks about the problem of vaccine misinformation in a new episode of the Public Health Review podcast, available now. Listen on your favorite podcast app or visit ASTHO's website.
Also, don't forget to check out the ASTHO Vaccine Comparison. It's been updated with the latest information about all available COVID-19 vaccines. A link to the comparison webpage is in the show notes.
A new public health leadership training program for those who self-identify from an underrepresented group is looking for candidates. The deadline to register for the Diverse Executives Leading in Public Health program is September 7th.
Daniel Dawes leads the Satcher Health Leadership Institute at the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta. His team joined with ASTHO to create the curriculum. He talks about it in today's morning conversation.
Talking about the DELPH program—taking applicants right now—why is it important to have a program like this?
DANIEL DAWES:
We joined forces with ASTHO to create the Diverse Executives Leading in Public Health program—DELPH—and it's really developed to uplift professionals who are members of underrepresented groups in public health leadership—such as, of course, people of color, women, people with disabilities, and gender and sexual minorities or LGBTQ+ individuals. And, ultimately, we aim to provide these public health leaders with the tools and resources that they need to help make an impact for every community that they represent and serve so that we can finally realize in this country a healthier, equitable, and more inclusive society.
How do you think this leadership training experience will benefit those who sign up for it?
DAWES:
We wanted to create an experience—a leadership experience—that was going to add value to these existing leaders' lives, right? Make them more effective leaders, more equity-focused leaders.
And so, while participants will be studying the political determinants of health and the drivers of health inequities, what they'll also be provided is a unique mentoring and training platform that will equip them with the foundational skills—the tools and the knowledge that they have not had yet—to address pressing issues that are impacting their communities, health, and wellbeing. And we hope, essentially, to be this guiding light in their continued growth over the years as they develop to become more effective leaders.
We hope someone listening right now is interested.
But, if they're still not sure, what's the best argument you can make at this very moment for them to get online and sign up?
Why is it that, in this country, we continue to see life expectancies is declining for these groups? We continue to see premature deaths and poor health outcomes across the board, not only with physical health conditions, but mental health conditions? And what is really driving these inequities that we've not been able to tackle as effectively as we'd like to?
For those who really are tired of the status quo, for those who really want to effect actionable solutions to create those systemic changes—well then, this program is for them.
Because they will be paired with national and leading experts who have dedicated their careers to examining this to folks who are transformational in their thought processes, right? They'll be exposed to frameworks and models that they have not had and that other leaders have not been privvy to yet.
So, this is really quite an opportunity—a rare opportunity—to join an inaugural cohort of leaders who are brave or courageous, who want to gain the knowledge and the skill sets—the foundation—to take not only their careers to the next level, but to actually do something that is going to have a lasting impact.
Finally this morning, it's been 40 years since the first five cases of AIDS were identified. Since then, a lot of progress has been made in testing, treatment, and prevention of the disease, but recent trends tell us there's still more to do.
Tequam Tiruneh is ASTHO's senior analyst of clinical to community connections.
TEQUAM TIRUNEH:
So, specific pockets of the population are continuing to see higher prevalence of HIV and higher rates of transmission.
And what this tells us is that programs and services are not reaching certain populations, and that issues like stigma—which in this case refers to negative attitudes and beliefs about people living with HIV—and broken trust in the healthcare system due to past and current experiences of mistreatment may be keeping people out of care.
In a recent blog article, Tiruneh outlines the steps state legislatures are taking to reduce stigma and advance access to HIV care and prevention.
Find a link to her report along with all of the other resources mentioned today in the show notes.
Also, remember to follow us on Apple Podcasts and Spotify, or listen on Alexa or Google assistant.
Join us tomorrow for more ASTHO news and information.
Daniel Dawes JD
Executive Director, Satcher Health Leadership Institute at Morehouse School of Medicine
Tequam Tiruneh MPH
Senior Analyst, Clinical to Community Connections
Health Equity Episodes
289: Monkeypox Communication Strategies
HIV Episodes
247: CDC Reforms
209: New Tool Predicts PH Risks
Public Health Episodes
205: Why Listening is Important in Public Health
159: Do People Trust Public Health?
ASTHO Episodes
262: Meet ASTHO's New President
261: ASTHO's Outgoing President
Association Of State And Territory Health Officials Episodes
26: Congressional Priorities
25: FDA's E-Cigarette Review

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: An error occurred after updating Visual Studio Code and Python I recently updated my Visual Studio Code to version 1.13 , as well as my Don Jayamanne Python 3.6 to the latest version and each time i run the debug console it gives me this error on top...
" Failed to launch the Python Process, please validate the path '${config.python.pythonPath}' " " Open launch.json "
and a separate error on the debug console itself...
" Error: spawn ${config.python.pythonPath} ENOENT "

*

*What exactly do i have to validate in the launch.json?

*And why do i get that error in my debug console?

A: Ran into the same issue, since the upgrade to 1.13.
Solved it by removing the following line from the projects launch.json:
"pythonPath": "${config:python.pythonPath}",

I do have python set in my workstations PATH, so I guess even the line
   "python.pythonPath": "c:/python27/python.exe",

from settings.json might be safe to delete.
note: didn't happen on my MacOS vscode...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This humidifier has a built-in LED night light with seven colors. Just set your rotate option and enjoy the changing colors. Enjoy your favorite oil and water based aroma while humidifying the air.
Kennel Club Large Stainless-Steel Dog Bowls, 52.41 oz.


text:
Q: Inserting values into database using object oriented programming
Possible Duplicate:
How to successfully rewrite old mysql-php code with deprecated mysql_* functions?

I have not been able to insert the values into the databse . However I do not get any error message as well .
<html>
<body>
<form action="database.php" method="post">
Name : <input type ="text" name = "name"/>
Number  :<input type ="text" name = "number"/>
<input type ="submit" value = "submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

database.php
<?php
class Database
{
    var $host;
    var $user;
    var $pass;
    var $data;
    var $con;
    var $table;
    var $db;

    public function controls()
    {
        $this->host="localhost";
        $this->user="cgiadmin";
        $this->pass="cgi";
        $this->data="j2";
    }

    public function connection()
    {
        $this->con="mysql_connect($this->host,$this->user,$this->pass)";
    }
    public function tablename()
    {
        $this->table="Insert into employee(name,number) values('$_POST[name]','$_POST[number]')";
    }
    public function databaseconnection()
    {
        $this->db="mysql_select_db($this->data,$this->con)";
    }

}
$name=new Database;
$name->connection();
if(!($name->con))
{
    echo "'Error: ' . mysql_error()";
}

$name->databaseconnection();
$name->tablename();

echo "thanks for taking the survey";

?>

A: Try this...
Modify tablename() function
public function tablename($nam,$num)
    {
        $this->table=mysql_query("INSERT INTO employee(name,number) VALUES ('$nam','$num')");
    }

Get values and call tablename() function
$name=new Database;
$name->connection();
if(!($name->con))
{
    echo "'Error: ' . mysql_error()";
}

$name->databaseconnection();

$nam=$_POST[name];
$num=$_POST[number];
$name->tablename($nam,$num);

echo "thanks for taking the survey";

A: You need some magic :) Read about quotes in php
<?php
class Database
{
    var $host;
    var $user;
    var $pass;
    var $data;
    var $con;
    var $table;
    var $db;

    public function controls()
    {
        $this->host="localhost";
        $this->user="cgiadmin";
        $this->pass="cgi";
        $this->data="j2";
    }

    public function connection()
    {
        $this->con = mysql_connect($this->host,$this->user,$this->pass);
    }
    public function tablename()
    {
        $this->table=mysql_query("INSERT INTO employee(name,number) VALUES ('".$_POST[name]."','".$_POST[number]."')");
    }
    public function databaseconnection()
    {
        $this->db=mysql_select_db($this->data,$this->con);
    }

}
$name=new Database();
$name->controls();
$name->connection();
if(!($name->con))
{
    echo 'Error: ' . mysql_error();
}

$name->databaseconnection();
$name->tablename();

echo "thanks for taking the survey";

?>


The Marco Polo Shenzhen (Shenzhen Magebeiluo Haorizi Jiudian) is conveniently situated in the Futian District, adjacent to the Civic Center, metro station and Huanggang/Futian Port. Only ten minutes to Shenzhen Bay Port, 20 minutes to Shenzhen North Railway Station, 15 minutes to Lowu Railway Station, or 35 minutes to Bao'an International Airport, Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed railway has officially opened, it takes only three minutes of walking distance from Futian Station to the hotel. This hotel is in an ideal location. Marco Polo Shenzhen has completed a comprehensive upgrade of the rooms, suites and Continental Club in 2018.This Shenzhen luxury hotel offers various spacious guestrooms and suites, all equipped with complimentary broadband Internet access, electronic safes, LCD TVs, and luxurious bathroom amenities. Marco Polo's signature Continental Club provides the finest accommodation and service for every guest. The Marco Polo Ballroom and function rooms can accommodate up to 3000 guests and provide a spectacular venue for meetings, seminars and social events. The hotel has six excellent restaurants and bars featuring Asian, Japanese and Chiu Chow cuisines. After a long day guests can head to the gymnasium, take a dip in the pool and sauna or indulge in a spa treatment at the renowned Pure Spa.
The Wongtee V Hotel (Huangting V Jiudian) is a business hotel in Futian District. It is a 2-minute walk from Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center, 30 minutes by car to Shenzhen Railway Station and 40 minutes to Shenzhen Airport.

This Shenzhen hotel boasts a wide selection of guestrooms, including 45 uniquely designed suites and 245 apartments. All rooms are equipped with a flat-screen cable TV, free wired Internet and an iPod dock. The 24-hour butler service provides personalized services for each guest.

Guests dining at the hotel will find authentic local and international dishes at the Chinese, Western and Japanese restaurants. Guests will find a great venue for socializing in the hotel's bar.

For business travelers, a large pillar-less banquet hall and six variously-sized meeting rooms with state-of-the-art audio-visual equipment are on hand for private events and meetings.

When it comes to relaxation, the hotel offers modern fitness facilities for health-conscious guests. Guests can feel rejuvenated after the spa, or they can go shopping in the mall on the premises.
The Futian Shangri-La Shenzhen (Shenzhen Futian Xianggelila Dajiudian) is located in Futian's central business district, just steps from a metro station, 30 minutes' drive from Shenzhen Airport, 25 minutes from Shekou Port and five minutes from Futian Port. This Shenzhen hotel offers elegant, comfortable rooms and suites, including spacious apartments. A seven-story deluxe villa, the Shangri-La Futian offers guests unforgettable service. A high-quality business center and fitness facilities also ensure all guest needs are met.
The Sheraton Shenzhen Futian Hotel (Dazhonghua Xilaideng Jiudian) is located in the heart of Shenzhen's Futian District, within walking distance of the Shenzhen Convention Centrer, a library and bar street lined with great nightlife venues. For adventures further afield, this Shenzhen hotel offers guests easy access to a metro station. A 30-minute drive also sees guests to Shenzhen International Airport. On offer are well-designed rooms and suites equipped with plasma TVs, high-speed Internet access and comfortable Sheraton beds. Executive floor guests enjoy free privileges and executive lounge access. Chefs in a wide range of trendy restaurants and bars dazzle diners with exquisite cuisines. For those planning events and meetings, there is over 4,000 square meters of banquet space and 27 conference rooms staffed with meeting professionals. After hard workouts in the fitness room or a leisurely swim in the pool, guests can enjoy tanning poolside.
Featuring floor-to-ceiling windows and fresh colour scheme,our comfortable guest room offer a 42'HD TV,ergonomic desk,Wi-Fi and a stylish bathroom with ample space. For the ultimate stay ,spoil youself in the inviting Presidential suite.
The Ritz-Carlton, Shenzhen (Shenzhen Xinghe Lisikaerdun Jiudian) is strategically situated in the heart of the Futian district, just opposite the Convention & Exhibition Center and in proximity of the Shenzhen Civic Center. The hotel is accessible to Shenzhen's new Metro system, connecting the Hong Kong border and Shenzhen's major shopping, sightseeing and business districts. This Shenzhen hotel is a 30 minutes drive to the Shenzhen International Airport and one hour from Hong Kong International Airport. This Shenzhen hotel has various rooms, including dozens of suites that offer magnificent views of the city. Nine of the suites feature a large balcony for lounging outside. Of special note, the Presidential Suite with its grand entrance, floor-to-ceiling windows spanning two floors covering 446 square meters (4,801 square feet) of space, ensures a loft-like feeling. In addition the suite also boasts a two-story high balcony and provides a 270-degree wide scope view of the city. Dining at the hotel is an international delight. Flavorz, the all-day dining restaurant offers five live-cooking stations and showcases chefs at work. Xingli Chinese restaurant serves sumptuous Chiu Chow, Cantonese and Szechuan specialties, while Paletto Italian restaurant features fine-dining with a private room for special occasions. Using only the best ingredients, whether it's freshly brewed coffee, pastries, baked goods, salads or a variety of sandwiches, Fix Deli brings truly authentic food to Shenzhen. Occupying two floors, the Ritz-Carlton, Spa and Fitness Center is a haven designed for total relaxation and tranquility. Guests can commune with nature and enjoy sumptuous amenities, including a fully equipped gymnasium, yoga studio, outdoor swimming pool and a spa with luxuriously appointed rooms.
<br>
Established in 2005, Metro Grand Hotel (Xinshijie Duhui Jiudian Gongyu) has three types of suites, all equipped with modern style furniture, independent dinning room, kitchen and balcony.
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On Twitter, users starting posting that French media were claiming that Prince Philip had died, while the British newspaper The Sun accidentally published an obituary of the Queen's husband.
He said the Duke may choose to limit his participation at the events he does attend.
In December, the queen was forced to cancel public appearances and missed Christmas mass due to a lingering cold, and the prince also fell ill the same month, the New York Timesreported.
May paid tribute on Thursday to Philip for his contribution to Britain and beyond, his "steadfast support" of the Queen, and his patronage of hundreds of charities and good causes.
"I didn't get to speak to Prince Philip very much but it was a very special day".
Prince Philip has accompanied the Queen on all major foreign tours, including three visits to India.
Outspoken, irascible and intensely private, Philip, a Greek-born former naval officer, developed a reputation for brusque comments and occasional gaffes at some of the thousands of ceremonial events he has attended.
The Queen's public schedule will continue as normal but it is understood other members of the Royal Family will "step up" in support of the monarch.
The announcement was made after all members of the Queen's household were gathered at Buckingham Palace for a highly unusual staff meeting.
The Prince Phillips is patron, member or president of more than 780 different organizations, Whereas, he will not be attending the meetings and engagements actively.
Many speculated on what the royal family expected to announce on Thursday morning, May 4th.
Berthelsen said the public is expected to see a lot more of the Queen's son, Prince Charles, as well as the younger royals next fall.
He once admitted the curtailment of his career was "disappointing", but said that "being married to the queen, it seemed to me that my first duty was to serve her in the best way I could".
Close confidants of the royal family said the decision was a personal one taken by the Duke himself, who may now devote his time to writing his memoirs.
Elizabeth and Philip celebrate their 70th wedding anniversary in November.


Quint McCannon had fought and survived the Civil War—and faced killers and madmen across the frontier. But nothing had prepared him for one brutal winter in Cheyenne. Or for a story told by a Texas Ranger: about a woman McCannon had once loved—who was now running for her life. With nothing left to keep him in Wyoming, with a Texas Ranger and a one-armed Denver dandy by his side, McCannon is riding out of Cheyenne, crossing Bill Cody's Nebraska, the Earp brothers' Dodge City, Bill Hickok's Kansas. But a thousand miles of dancing prairie grass, howling thunderstorms, whores, renegades, and murderers lie before him. For Quint McCannon, finding a woman on the run means going up against the ghosts of his own past and a bloodlusting killer—all the way to the Rio Grande.
Click the button below to add the Leaving Cheyenne by Bill Brooks (eBook) to your wish list.


FORMER COMOX VALLEY Wild goalie Liam Reid saw his first taste of WLA action Friday in Victoria.
Sitting in the stands with his teammates in his flip flops and shorts on Friday at the Q Centre in Victoria, getting ready to watch the WLA Victoria Shamrocks play their arch rivals the New Westminster Salmonbellies, former Comox Valley Wild lacrosse player Liam Reid got the call that every young lacrosse player wants to get.
The Intermediate A Shamrocks goalie, drafted by the Victoria Junior A Shamrocks in 2013, got the word that the big team needed him to fill a spot as emergency backup goaltender. Shamrocks starting goaltender, Matt Flindell, was unable to play, Cody Hagedorn would start and Reid was in as backup.
Reid was only too happy to step up and make his Senior A lacrosse debut at the age of 17. Wearing borrowed runners and Flindell's gear and stick, and the Shamrocks leading 13-5, he was sent in to finish up the last two minutes of the game. Salmonbellies player, Colton Clark, came in to get his third goal of the game and was denied by Reid who made the first WLA save of his young career.
"I was just trying to play the angles and do the basics right." said Reid after the game. It was a night he will never forget. The Victoria Shamrocks beat the Salmonbellies and have locked down the number one spot in the league.
Reid's Intermediate A Shamrocks are currently in playdowns to get to the Provincial Championships in Richmond where they have a good chance of bringing home the gold medal after finishing second in league play.


BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- "Chinese consumers" have become a hot topic since the beginning of the Year of Dragon as they spent record high on luxury goods overseas during the Spring Festival holiday last month.
They spent 7.2 billion U.S. dollars on luxury goods overseas during the holiday, an increase of 28.57 percent year-on-year, according to a report released by the World Luxury Association on Wednesday.
The figures for the 2011 and 2010 Spring Festival holidays were 5.6 billion and 4.9 billion U.S. dollars, respectively.
With an increasingly strong purchasing power, Chinese consumers have become main buyers of luxury goods worldwide.
During the Jan.1 – Feb.1 period, Europe's sales of luxury goods increased by 12 percent year-on-year, with Chinese consumers contributing 62 percent of the total.
The Chinese lavished most in France, Italy, Britain and Switzerland, with watches, leather products, fashionable dresses, cosmetics and perfumes topping their shopping lists.
In the meantime, total sales of luxury goods on the Chinese mainland only stood at 1.75 billion U.S. dollars, less than one-fourth of the amount overseas, according to the report.
Statistics showed that by the end of 2011, Chinese consumers' total spending on luxury market had reached 12.6 billion U.S. dollars (excluding private planes, yachts and limousines), making China the world's largest luxury-goods consumer.
The report also said that Chinese were more willing to buy luxury goods, especially overseas, during holidays, such as the National Day Holiday, Spring Festival Holiday, Christmas and the Valentine's Day.
The growth rate for luxury goods sales overseas will exceed that of domestic sales in 2012, lifted by a stronger yuan and increased overseas travel, according to consultancy, Bain & Co China Inc.
Lower prices overseas were the key attraction, with about 72 percent of those surveyed citing that factor, according to the association.
Besides, larger supply and wider choices of goods, better service from the country of origin were among other reasons that made Chinese consumers prefer purchasing luxury goods overseas.
But the boom in overseas sales was at the expense of the domestic market, some business insiders said.
"Our revenue is much less than that of the shopping malls in Hong Kong during the holidays, although similar brands are available," said Kuang Zhenxing, vice-president of Beijing Modern Plaza, which features high-end brands including luxury brands.
Kuang said the rush of consumers to overseas stores during the holidays made it tough to further develop the domestic luxury market.
With the Chinese people being better off, an emerging craze for luxury goods is inevitable. And the spending with "Chinese characteristics" is particularly noteworthy.
Chinese luxury-goods buyers spent most on personal products, such as clothes, perfumes and watches, while their Western counterparts spent most on houses, cars and family tours.
Besides, Chinese people spend a larger part of their incomes on luxury goods than Westerners. In other countries, people spend four percent of their wealth on luxury goods on average.
But in China, it is not uncommon that people would like to pay 40 percent or more of their incomes to realize their luxury dreams.
Moreover, Chinese luxury-goods buyers were much younger than those in the west where those aged between 40 and 60 were supposed to be the main body of luxury-goods consumers.
In China, however, 73 percent of the buyers were below 45 years old and 45 percent were aged between 18 and 34.
Industry watchers predicted that there is a long way to go for the Chinese consumers to spend rationally and maturely on luxury goods.


Machine wash, permanent press. Water temperature not above: 30°C. Do not bleach. Do not tumble dry. Maximum sole-plate temperature of 150°C, steam-ironing may be a risk . Do not dry clean. 95% Silk 5% Spandex.
This blouse is cut from lustrous silk with added stretch for a feminine fit. Detailed with a round neckline, a back button keyhole fastening and short sleeves. Wear yours to a skirt, or denim for a relaxed look.


MS Walk, Saturday April 19th starting at 9 AM at West De Pere High School. About 4 radio operators needed. Contact Bob, KB8ZXE.
April 19th Oshkosh Marathon - Interested operators should sign up online at http://ecwec.org/register/ and click on the Oshkosh Marathon 2015 link.
The Brat Barn dates are May 3rd, and June 14th at Festival Foods in De Pere. Contact, Keith KS9WI if you can help.
There will be a VE Testing at SNC on Thursday 5/14.... 5PM.... before the May meeting. Also a Ham Cram, study and VE testing session to be held May 30th and St. Norberts (link to needed study guide) Testing to follow about 3PM.
Demonstration for the Boy Scout leaders at the National Railroad Museum is on May 14th 6 to 9, contact Shane, KA8QZH is you can help.
Field Day (June 27-28) will again be held on the Elks Lodge property at 3195 S Ridge Rd.
A discussion about a special event station to commemorate our 75th year to be possibly held in May ensued.
The Brown County ARES net will resume starting in May. It is held Sunday nights at 8pm, on 147.120. And of course the Green Bay Area 2-Meter net is held each Tuesday night, starting at 8:45pm, also on 147.120.


text:
« Wordless Wednesday: First Front Tooth, or Why the Tooth Fairy Came to My House Last Night | Main | Wordless Wednesday: The Boy is Proud of His Satchel (Curse you, Baljeet!) »
A Little Time Off
Last week BigDaddyFish called me to say he was taking thursday and friday off and we were going camping. Great! I need a vacation. Except, planning and executing a camping vacation over the fourth of July on short notice while also maintaining the house and taking care of the kids when he was out of pocket at work wasn't exactly what I had in mind as relaxing. However, after a bit of gnashing of teeth things managed to come together and we headed to Janes Island State Park on the Chesapeake Bay.
I was worried as all hell about going someplace so water oriented with four kids who can't swim, one of which being Nemo, who is wild and knows no fear whatsoever. Consequently, we spent a lot of time with him like this:
The staff at the park were gracious enough to loan us a life jacket so that I was a bit less anxious that dire things would result when he inevitably toppled over into the bay/sound. Thankfully he never did.
The pros:
We all went canoeing/kayaking for the first time and no one toppled over or fell in the drink. All told we covered about 5.25 miles, which is kind of ridiculous for a first trip. My arms were shaking by the time we got back on land, as my passenger cute as she was, wasn't really up to the task of getting us anywhere. BDF took a canoe with the rest of the kids - they didn't have a big enough boat to hold all of us at once. Glad I got my cardio that day.
We boated to a beach that was actually in Tangier Sound, so the water was relatively shallow and the kids got to play around in water free of undertows and strong currents. There was a nice breeze and the water was warm. It was a shame I forgot my bathing suit.
It was a gorgeous place.
The kids had a tremendously good time.
We went in to the little town of Crisfield to eat a lot of our meals. We really enjoyed one particular restaurant because it seemed to have some sort of hypnotic effect on the kids, making them not only eat everything they ordered but also behave the best they ever have in their lives in public. Several people commented on their behavior, and I resisted the urge to assure them that clearly these were alien children, they couldn't possibly be ours. The town had a nice museum and the pier and it was lovely. The people were just delightful, and one woman at the restaurant who was celebrating her birthday offered all of us some of her cake - total strangers to her. Oh, and they had ice cream:
Nemo wholeheartedly approved.
There was a little nature center attached to the camp store at the park, and the kids got to play with their toys and microscopes and telescopes and learn about the wildlife nearby. They especially liked the two terrapins named Ike and Tina and the ginormous snapping turtle with huge signs all around his tank warning us to keep anything we did not wish to have snapped off well away from the enclosure. The naturalist, Sally, was sweet and wonderful.
The terrapin tank.
On the last day we were there the nature center sponsored a crab derby, where the kids were given a trap, handline, net, and a glove and two hours to see how many crab they could catch. Only crab bigger than 3" were counted, and there were prizes for the biggest crab caught and the most crab caught. Little Man was a natural with the trap and Trout did really well with the handline/net system and we caught a lot. They let the kids work as a team and we were supposed to be using all their equipment, but one team was using their own traps and nets and most importantly bait, so that one kid caught both the biggest and most crabs. BUT! Since one kid couldn't win both prizes, our kids won for the most crabs. Our prize? Free ice cream!
Every morning I was awakened not by an alarm clock or the sound of door slamming and cars starting, but by the soft cooing of mourning doves and the squawking of ducks as they fished for their breakfast on the sound.
I went fishing for the first time, and I caught an eel!
I hate snakes, worms squick me out, and pretty much anything without feet or fins gives me the willies, so I wouldn't touch it. BDF tried to get it off the hook but he said it was too slimy, so we ended up cutting the line and letting it go. The whole rest of the day whenever anyone saw us with our fishing poles they asked "Catch anything?" and I'd tell them I caught an eel, and every single one responded with "Well, where is it? That's good eating." Blech.
The mosquitoes were insane. They seemed impervious to deet, and even BDF who usually isn't affected by the buggers was eaten alive. All told we probably have 400 bites among the six of us, and I wish that was an exaggeration. The kids legs all look like they had the measles or something.
Although I had sunblocked all of us within an inch of our lives, I evidently underestimated how much would get washed off by getting wet while kayaking. And apparently I missed a spot:
It looks like I'm wearing extremely strange leg warmers on only half my leg. It's only just now not hurting anymore.
While the lovely ducks and mourning doves woke me gently every morning, they also woke Nemo. Since someone had to get up with him to keep him quiet until quiet hours were over, we did a lot of him darting around the camp ground while I staggered half zombified after him, hissing at him to keep him quiet. I didn't sleep much on this trip.
A line of thunderstorms came through about 4am Sunday morning. The kids and BDF slept through them for the most part, but I couldn't sleep. The tents leaked. The nice young guy at the camp store checked the forecast for us, and since they were calling for more storms, we packed up our wet tents and bugged out. We drove home through the really severe storms Sunday night, reinforcing that we made the right decision to come home a day early.
We've been back for a week and still haven't finished unpacking. It'll probably take another week just for me to catch up on sleep. All in all, it was worth it, and despite the bugs, we're probably going to go back again sometime. Maybe in January.


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Reel Chicago: JCC Chicago Jewish Film Festival unveils 2020 lineup
By JCC Chicago
The JCC Chicago Jewish Film Festival proudly announces its film selections for the 2020 festival, running February 28 through March 15.
This year's lineup features 52 films at seven venues across the city and suburbs: Cinemark Theater in Evanston, CMX CineBistro and CMX Market at Old Orchard in Skokie, CMX Arlington Heights, the Illinois Holocaust Museum in Skokie, the Logan Theater in Logan Square, and the Renaissance Place Cinema in Highland Park.
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JCC Chicago is a non-profit organization inspired by Jewish values, bridging traditions and generations to create a more vibrant, connected community. JCC Chicago is a partner with the Jewish United Fund in serving our community. | © 2023 JCC Chicago
10th Anniversary Film Festival
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Home fires can happen to anyone, and they can be dangerous, not only to your belongings but everyone in the house. I know this first hand because when I was younger, we had a fire in our house. One of the best ways to make sure your family is protected is through installing a smoke alarm. Once installed, it should be maintained in good working order. This way, damage, injuries, and deaths can be greatly reduced. When the fire broke out in our house, nobody was at home. Luckily, we had a smoke alarm installed. Our neighbor heard the alarm and called 911. Because of this, the damage was only confined to one room.
A fire can spread very quickly. This is why it is extremely important to have smoke alarms in your home. With a smoke alarm, you can be alerted so that you have time to get out. With such device installed in your home, chances of dying because of a house fire can be cut in half. Approximately two-thirds of fire deaths were due to homes without smoke alarms or those that are no longer working.
Another threat that you need to be aware of is Carbon Monoxide (CO). Cooking and heating equipment used in our homes can be potential sources of CO. Generators and idling vehicles can also produce dangerously high levels of the gas and it can get worse if they are in an attached garage.What is scary is that carbon monoxide is odorless and colorless; however, CO poisoning is preventable. Along with smoke alarms, you should also have a carbon monoxide detector. CO is invisible and does not have any smell so it is often called the silent killer. This gas is created when methane, propane, natural gas, oil, and other fuels burn incompletely.
The dangers of exposure to carbon monoxide will depend on some variables, including the health and level of activity of the victim. For instance, people with health problems as well as infants and pregnant women can be severely affected by CO even in low concentrations more than healthy individuals.
Instead of buying a smoke and carbon monoxide detector separately, you should take a look at the Samsung SmartThings ADT Home Safety Expansion Pack. This is an add-on to the ADT system I mentioned in a previous post. Since it's secured by ADT, you have the peace of mind to know that help is just a few seconds away. Too bad they didn't have a service like this back when we had our fire.
The expansion pack comes with both a Smoke Detector and Carbon Monoxide detector. It offers an intelligent solution that will help monitor the security of your home against fires. The pack also includes a water leak detector. Everything is easy to set up and since it's powered by Samsung SmartThings hub, they all connect with the rest of your smart home devices. This makes it easy to control everything from one central point, namely the app, which will allow you to keep an eye on your detectors and sensors.
At a minimum, you should place at least one smoke alarm and CO detector on every floor of your house, which also includes the attic and the basement. It is also a good idea to have smoke alarms in all the bedrooms in the house, as well as outside the sleeping areas, especially large spaces where family members often interact. It is also recommended to test the alarm each month and have a replacement ready every few years.
Also, make sure that you replace the batteries regularly. What's the use of having an alarm if it's not powered up?


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Fully synthetic multigrade motor oil based on polyalphaolefins, designed for modern petrol and diesel engines (with catalyst and turbocharger, without diesel particulate filters) of cars, vans and last generation light trucks, where energy-efficient oils of the highest quality are required. Provides superior pumping through the lubrication system, keeps perfect cleanness and creates unsurpassed protection. Thanks to unique Iron Defence technology improves engine efficiency and achieves about 10% fuel economy at the moment of cold start and about 5% during normal operation.


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technology for beneficiation of low grade iron ore fines in india
mining technology beneficiation of Low grade iron ore fines
May 05, 2009 beneficiation of Low grade iron ore fines ... to liberalization in the economy and second the adaptation of beneficiation and pelletization practices to utilize low-grade ores and fines. In India for economic and industrial growth, a number of Steel plants have been planed in the states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and ...
BENEFICIATION OF IRON ORE nitrkl.ac.in
BENEFICIATION OF IRON ORE ...Fote, Focus on grind-mill machines for 40 years. are high-grade lumpy ore. Out of the fines resources about 2,543 million tons (22%) are medium grade ore, 39.9 million tonnes (1%) are high-grade and 17.7 million tons (1%) resources are of blue dust ... The aim of this project is to propose methods for utilization of low grade iron ore especially Banded hematite ...
Particulate Science and Technology Beneficiation of low
Particulate Science and Technology Beneficiation of low-grade iron ore fines by multi- gravity separator (MGS) using optimization studies
Mineralogical Constraints in Beneficiation Of Low Grade
strategies to utilize low grade iron ores. India being the fourth largest producer of iron ores in the world requires around 110 million tons (Mt) of finished steel production from the current level of ~40 Mt by the year 2019–20. To produce 110 Mt finished steel, around 170 Mt of quality iron ore (+63% Fe) is required. Besides that around 100
Dry Benefication Of Low Grade Iron Ore Fines Using a Tribo
Here, bench-scale results are presented on the beneficiation of low-grade Fe ore fines using STET belt separation process. Bench-scale testing demonstrated the capability of the STET technology to simultaneously recover Fe and reject SiO2 from itabirite ore with a D50 of 60 m and ultrafine Fe ore tailings with a D50 of 20 m.Fote Mining Machinery Co.
SINTERING AND PELLETISATION OF INDIAN IRON ORES
ROM iron ore with Fe less than 58 – 60% discarded as waste. After beneficiation iron ore availability can improve by about 50%. Steel community and the country demand technological solutions for utilising low grade ores. The technology task that would be imperative: 1. Utilisation of low grade iron ores after beneficiation. 2.
Beneficiation Technology
Low grade iron ore bodies can be beneficiated using the DEC Flotation column and produce a saleable product at a low production cost per ton. Coal Industry Recovery of fine coal – which is generally minus 4mm (1/8 inch) material – began in most industrialized countries only at the start of the 1950's.
capex beneficiation of iron ore fines BINQ Mining
May 11, 2013 Beneficiation of Low grade iron ore fines – Lee Universal Enterprises. 20 Jan 2012 … Beneficiation of Low grade iron ore fines. Since a decade the Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology has been engaged in Iron ore … More detailed
Iron Ore Mineral Technologies
With an unparalleled depth of knowledge in fine minerals the world's largest producers rely on us as their 'go to' partner to beneficiate Iron Ore fines for new and existing projects. ... Iron Ore Beneficiation Solutions Across Project Lifecycle. ... low grade tailings stockpiles into high grade Iron Ore product.
BENEFICIATION OF LOW OFF GRADE IRON ORE A REVIEW
Aug 01, 2020 Due to gradual depletion of high-grade iron ores (65-77 % of Fe) has develop the maximum possibility of utilization of low-grade iron ore. But this required much more economical support. Many literature highlight that upgrading the fines ores utilizing this fraction in the sinter feed up to 40% by micro-balling of the sinter prior to sintering ...
BENEFICIATION OF LOW GRADE IRON ORES
techniques adopted for the beneficiation of iron ores and utilization of natural fines by flotation column-arediscussed. IndIan Iron ore resources: Indianironores generallycontain hematite,magnetite,limonite and siderite minerals. In the total iron ore reserves of about 17.712 billion tonnes, hematite is …
Beneficiation of low grade iron ore fines by multi gravity
Dec 02, 2015 (2017). Beneficiation of low-grade iron ore fines by multi-gravity separator (MGS) using optimization studies. Particulate Science and Technology: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 45-53.
Advances in Low Grade Iron Ore Beneficiation
iron ore is expected to rise by more than 200 million tonne per year to meet the internal demand & export. This additional requirement of iron ore will need beneficiation of low grade ore/fines to get the major portion of increased demand. This paper deals in brief to use of available methodologies for beneficiation of iron ore in Indian context.
Feasibility of Producing Pellet Grade Concentrate by
Oct 30, 2007 Beneficiation of low grade iron ore slime from Chitradurga, India was studied with a view to produce pellet grade fines. The slime sample had a feed grade of 49.86% total Fe, 7.93% Al 2 O 3, and 10.19% SiO 2.Kaolinite and quartz was found to be the main gangue minerals and they formed porous and friable oxide and hydroxide of iron.
CSIR IMMT Mineral Processing
36. Beneficiation of low grade iron ore fines. (M/s. Sarada Mines Pvt. Ltd., Barbil). 37. Optimization of iron ore beneficiation plant to enhance the iron recovery. (M/s. Jindal Saw Ltd., Bhilwara, Rajasthan). 38. Pelletisation Study on the Mixture of Iron Ore Slimes and Iron Ore Fines…
Beneficiation Low Grade Iron Ore Fines Grinding
Mining Technology: Beneficiation Of Low Grade Iron Ore Fines. May 05, 2009 Lot Of Low Grade Iron Ore Fines Are Generated During Preparation Of Lumps, Calibrated Ores And Sinter-Fines. In Addition To These Fines, 10-15% Of Ore … Development Of A Process Flowsheet For The Beneficiation
Beneficiation of low grade goethite rich iron ore using
Jun 01, 2021 As high-grade iron ore deposits are gradually being depleted, more difficult-to-process ores such as goethite-rich, low-grade iron ores and tailings are now being processed. These ores often contain impurities and require some form of beneficiation in order to achieve the typical grades required for sale to downstream steel producers.
Recovery of Iron Values from Waste Manganiferous Iron Ore
A large volume of overburden and mine wastes is generated during the extraction and beneficiation of the low grade ores. The waste low grade manganiferous iron ore fine from southern part of India was studied for recovery of iron values. The chemical assay of the sample is 52.36% Fe, 4.75% Mn, 8.5% SiO2 and 2.82% Al2O3. The characterization study of the sample indicates the presence of ...
Existing and New Processes for Beneficiation of Indian
Feb 08, 2020 Barsua iron ore mines, a captive iron ore mines of Rourkela Steel Plant, has adopted Remco Jigs for the beneficiation of low-grade iron ore fines at a size range of − 8 + 2 mm. Similarly, a Batac jig has been installed to reduce alumina content from the Noamundi iron ore fines of Tata Steel and the Apic jig used in iron ore mines of South Africa has confirmed the separation of fine ferrous ores.
Indian Iron Ore Scenario Low Grade Iron Ore Beneficiation
Apart from the reserves of low grade iron ore, the previous washing methodology adopted in mining industries which had discarded the slimes as well as fines containing Fe value between 45%-55% have added 10-15 Mt every year and have been dumped somewhere as a big heap or in tailing pond. It is required to utilize these lost minerals in main stream by making sinter/ pellet using advance techniques of beneficiation …
Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Low Grade
Apr 11, 2019 The depletion of high grade iron ore resources make it inevitable to utilize the existing low grade iron ores/fines/tailings with effective beneficiation to meet the present specification and demand. Enormous amounts of fines are produced both from the natural geological process as well during the mechanized mining operations which is hitherto in unknown resource present in the form of …
technology for beneficiation of low grade iron ore fines
Barsua iron ore mine in India has adopted Remco Jigs for beneficiation of lowgrade iron ore fines Bateman's Apic jig is being used in iron ore mines of South Africa and has demonstrated how the technology is suitable for the separation of fine ferrous ores A Batac jig is installed to reduce alumina content of iron ore fines from Noamundi
PDF Effective Beneficiation of Low Grade Iron Ore
Barsua iron ore mine in India has adopted Remco Ji gs for be neficiation of low- grade iron ore fines. Bateman's Apic jig is being used in iron ore mines of South Africa
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Q: javascript onsubmit not working I am trying to make a javascript function work on submitting the form, the function doesnt seem to run. Can anyone help?
<html>
<head>
    <script>
        function upload(){
                alert("I am an alert box!");
        }
     </script>
</head>
<body>
    <form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" onsubmit="return upload();">
    <input type="file" name="file">
    <input type="submit" name="upload" value="Datei hochladen">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

A: When attaching the event handler to the form element, the scope of the event handler is the form and not the window
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" onsubmit="return upload(this);">

<script>
    function upload(scope) {
        console.log(scope); // The passed scope from the event handler is
    }                       // the form, and not window
</script>

As input elements inside a form are attached as properties to the form object, where the name is the key, calling upload() in the event handler, where the scope is the form, would equal calling form.upload(), but the form already has an element with that name so form.upload is the upload button, not the upload() function in the global scope.
To solve it, either rename the function or the element
<html>
<head>
    <script>
        function upload(){
                alert("I am an alert box!");
        }
     </script>
</head>
<body>
    <form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" onsubmit="return upload();">
    <input type="file" name="file">
    <input type="submit" name="upload2" value="Datei hochladen">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

FIDDLE

A: My problem, I had without knowing a form inside a form I was interacting with the inner one no matter what I do the outer form always executes

A: Add return statement in your code
<script>
function upload(){
    alert("I am an alert box!");
    return false;
}
</script>


text:
Singapore develops Asia's first AI-based mobile app for shark and ray fin identification to combat illegal wildlife trade – Singapore News Center
Singapore National Parks Board, Microsoft and Conservation International collaborate to create AI-powered mobile application that visually identifies shark and ray species
Sharks and rays are in rapid decline. This joint innovation aims to combat a key driver of this decline; illegal wildlife trade
Singapore, 8 June 2022 – The Singapore National Parks Board (NParks), Microsoft and Conservation International announced the launch of Fin Finder, Asia's first mobile application that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to visually identify illegally traded shark and ray species.
Through the tripartite collaboration, the mobile app was created by a Singapore-led team from Conservation International in consultation with NParks with support from the Microsoft AI for Earth program. The app will be used by officers from the Singapore National Parks Board to combat illegal wildlife trade.
According to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II [1], there are approximately 1,000 species of sharks and rays in the world, of which over 30 species are listed under CITES Appendix II for regulated trade. In Singapore, more than 160,000 kilograms of fins from CITES-listed sharks and rays have entered the borders between 2012 and 2020 [2]. The current process requires officers to collect the fins from each shipment for DNA testing to determine its species. This takes an average of up to one week.
In Singapore, more than 160,000 kilograms of fins from CITES-listed sharks and rays have entered the borders between 2012 and 2020. (Photo by: Microsoft, Conservation International and the Singapore National Parks Board)
Fin Finder optimizes this process by allowing officers to take photos of fins that will be matched against a database of over 15,000 shark and ray fin images via an AI-driven algorithm in the app. In a matter of seconds, the AI-powered app which runs on Microsoft Azure will quickly and accurately provide a visual identification of shark and ray species onsite and empower officers to quickly flag suspicious fin shipments for further DNA testing to stop the illegal trade of shark and ray fins.
Dhanushri Munasinghe, Project Coordinator, Conservation International Singapore said, "Sharks and rays play an important role in maintaining marine ecosystems by keeping other fish populations in check. If stripped from our oceans, there would be dire consequences for ocean health, which would affect us, and our food security. As one of the world's most significant transhipment hubs, Singapore is well positioned to combat illegal wildlife trade. Conservation International, supported by Microsoft and other partners, is excited to support Singapore and the Singapore National Parks Board's leadership in conservation through the creation of Fin Finder".
Dr Adrian Loo, Group Director of Wildlife Management, NParks, said: "When wildlife species are traded illegally, the consequences are far-reaching to many ecosystems, economies and communities around the world. By using advanced technology in the creation of Fin Finder, we can strengthen the enforcement against the illegal trade of sharks and ray species following CITES regulation, and boost Singapore's capabilities in conserving precious biodiversity. The collaboration with Microsoft and Conservation International also reinforce the importance of collective efforts among the public and private sector in combating illegal wildlife trade."
Ivonne Higuero, Secretary-General of CITES, said: "The first step in ensuring international trade complies with CITES regulations comes with the, sometimes difficult, process of identifying the species being traded. Fin Finder is a welcome and innovative addition in the identification of fins and will complement other tools such as iSharkFin. It will give customs and enforcement officers an easy-to-use tool that will contribute to an international trade in CITES-listed species that remains legal, traceable, and sustainable."
Beyond identification of illegally traded shark and ray fins, officers from the Singapore National Parks Board will also use Fin Finder as a single-platform directory of relevant shark and ray species. The app also offers onsite access to reference materials that can be used for validation of CITES-approved permits or shipping documents. This feature is expected to reduce the time and effort spent to on shipment validation, enabling officers to help put a stop to illegal wildlife trade more quickly.
A Singapore National Parks Board (NParks) inspector pilot tests Fin Finder on a shark fin to determine the species ID and other valuable information that helps determine the legality of the traded specimen. (Photo by: Microsoft, Conservation International and the Singapore National Parks Board)
Fin Finder, a complex AI and cloud based mobile application that runs on Microsoft Azure, was created in just nine months to address a pressing need. The project was led by a Singapore-based team that was supported by a highly collaborative consortium of global experts in conservation and technology, with resources, data, and volunteer contributions from Microsoft, Conservation International, the Singapore National Parks Board, Sineurope Pte Ltd, Rumah Foundation, Coastal Natives and Wild Me.
Richard Koh, Chief Technology Officer, Microsoft Singapore, shared, "AI has the potential to solve critical environmental challenges. By taking AI tools out of the lab and putting it into the hands of experts in the field, we can accelerate new solutions for a better world. That's why we are proud to support Fin Finder as it protects global shark and ray populations and preserves our ocean life. By conserving wildlife with help from technology, future generations can enjoy our natural world, as we empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more."
Fin Finder is a project in Microsoft AI for Earth, a global program that supports organizations applying responsible AI and cloud computing to address critical environmental issues. The program is part of Microsoft's AI for Good initiative, which aims to solve the world's most challenging problems, from climate change to agriculture, biodiversity and water. To date, AI for Earth has awarded 138 grants to people and businesses in more than 45 countries globally.
Learn more about Fin Finder here and here.
[1] 39 CITES Appendix II, IUCN Shark Specialist Group News, Jan 2022 issue, pg. 16
[2] Extracted from the CITES Trade Database (https://trade.cites.org/)
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