Thursday 20th October was the day of the Global Human Rights Week – Raising Peace Campaign dedicated to the Rights of Migrants and Refugees, an issue that has become a priority for Alliance organisations during 2016. Here is a message from Mattia LOLLI president of the Alliance, on this occasion and published on 20/10/2016,.
…rising; national governments not being capable to find a common agreement to face together this challenge, to provide support and elaborate inclusion policies at european level. Instead, we see walls closing the borders, separating peoples and turning Europe into a fortress.
The Global Human Rights Week (17th-22nd October) was a global event composed by awareness-raising actions, trainings, volunteering, communication and advocacy actions on the topics of Human Rights and Peace that are striking in the local realities of IVS organisations. The aim was to bring attention to the existing challenges and to promote real action for Human Rights and Peace by the IVS movement. The Week was promoted under the Raising Peace Campaign of CCIVS network.


ABSTRACT - In this study respondents were asked to make a series of choices on a set of stimuli defined by abstract cues. After each choice a reward/penalty was given depending on the quality of the item chosen. Generally, respondents did a poor job of correctly inferring the additive values of the cues from 32 trials. An examination of the patterns of successive choices indicates that respondents were not really attempting to learn but were primarily avoiding negative feedback.
Joel Huber and Terry Elrod (1981) ,"Consumer Learning Through Experience: a Study and Experimental Paradigm", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 08, eds. Kent B. Monroe, Ann Abor, MI : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 66-70.
In this study respondents were asked to make a series of choices on a set of stimuli defined by abstract cues. After each choice a reward/penalty was given depending on the quality of the item chosen. Generally, respondents did a poor job of correctly inferring the additive values of the cues from 32 trials. An examination of the patterns of successive choices indicates that respondents were not really attempting to learn but were primarily avoiding negative feedback.
The question this paper raises is how well people learn to use unfamiliar cues to guide choice when the only source of information is past choices. In a consumer context a distinction has been drawn between experience goods, whose worth can be ascertained only through consumption, and inspection goods, whose worth can be ascertained prior to purchase (Nelson 1970).
Suppose a consumer desires to discover the most preferred item from a set of unfamiliar experience goods. A rather laborious way to find the optimal product is to try each. Such a process would be more difficult still if feedback from each item had random error since then each brand would have to be sampled a number of times to arrive at a stable estimate of its value. If, however, there is a set of cues that are consistently related to the evaluations of the products, the task of finding the best is simplified. The consumer can sample certain items to determine the worths of the cues and then use the cues to find the most preferred item.
This paper presents a paradigm that allows an exploration of people's use of this latter strategy. It estimates the extent to which they can quickly infer the worths of unfamiliar cues from choice experiences and use these inferences to arrive at better choices. The use of the term "cues" is used rather than "attributes" to emphasize their unfamiliarity and hence the lack of priors as to their worths.
c) training in normative methods of comparison that take into account the consumer's limited ability to evaluate brands.
The research tradition that has addressed the question of how well people can learn to use unfamiliar cues to guide choice most directly has been called Multiple Cue Probability Learning (MCPL). Relevant reviews by Slovic, Fischhoff and Lichtenstein (1977) and Schmitt, Coyle and King (1976) provide good overviews of what appears to be a relatively mature area of inquiry. This tradition has (1) controlled stimulus outcome and the relation of cues to choice outcome, (2) measured the subjects' prior beliefs about the cues' relations to choice outcome, (3) studied how rate of learning of cue worth is affected by such factors as the number of different cues, the strength and complexity of their relationship to choice outcome (e.g. nonlinearities, interactions), and the value of different types of additional feedback. A common research paradigm has been to control prior beliefs by presenting abstract stimuli to subjects in an experimental setting. The subject is shown a stimulus-object, (e.g. consisting of three bar graphs of certain heights), then the subject is asked to guess the worth of the stimulus-object, and finally the subject is told its worth (often with some stochastic error). This stimulus/ guess/feedback process is repeated 100-400 times. The measure of learning is typically the degree of correspondence between guessed and actual stimulus worths.
While the above paradigm has led to a rich stream of results, it differs in two critical respects from the consumer learning about experience goods referred to earlier. First, in the multiple cue paradigm, notice the subject has no control over the selection of the stimulus object, as s/he might in choosing a soft drink or a detergent. The subject is simply shown the object and asked to assess its worth. Second, in the experimental paradigm the subject is concerned with the accuracy of the judgments rather than the actual worth of the stimulus objects. By contrast, in a consumer trial the worth of the object chosen is important and learning or accuracy may have secondary importance. Thus in consumer choice there is a tension between short term reward and long term information. This tension simply cannot be captured by the traditional multiple cue probability paradigm because choice is passive and the outcome (as opposed to accuracy) is of no material concern to the subject.
A desire to bring the task characteristics more in line with the consumer context, while still retaining control over cues and outcomes, lead to the development of the following task: (1) allow the subject to choose any one stimulus-object from a set of available ones; (2) inform the subject of the material consequence of the choice made (money won/lost), (3) have the subject repeat this choice/result process 32 times.
Two sets of data were collected. First, the choice/feedback process was administered and monitored by computer, which allowed automatic recording of the subjects' choices, the results of the choices, and the subjects' deliberation times. Second, the subjects completed questionnaires after finishing the learning task. A first set of questions simply asked respondents to evaluate the 16 possible stimuli on a 7-point quality scale that mirrors the feedback given. A second set of questions asked respondents to directly evaluate each level of the four dichotomous cues.
Several factors that have been found in the MCPL literature to affect learning of cue-worths were manipulated.
Respondents in MCPL tasks have been shown to have prior biases with respect to the amount of information in different cues (Dudycha and Naylor 1966, Janke 1972, Castellan 1974). The current experiment included four levels of dispersion of weights among the cues, ranging from equal importance to highly unequal importance (in which one cue alone accounted for 80% of explainable variance in stimulus worth.
Stated worths of chosen objects contained two error components. First, repetitive selection of the same stimulus yielded different choice outcomes (as in a consumer context, where repeat purchases of a brand do result in different degrees of satisfaction). This source of error is referred to here as 'stimulus error,' and has been found in MCPL tasks to inhibit learning of worths of both stimuli and cues. Second, the cues did not perfectly predict even the expected worth of a stimulus object. This source of error, 'systematic error,' was thought to inhibit the learning of cue, but not object, worth. Each of these sources of error was manipulated as a two-level factor. These manipulations taken together created a 2 (stimulus error) by 2 (systematic error) by 4 (relative cue weights) full factorial design of 16 cells.
The task was performed by 48 MBA students at a major university and typically took 15-20 minutes to complete. These business students were challenged by the task, responding to the experiment as a test of pertinent business-related skills. The 48 respondents allowed three replications per cell. The assignment of weights to cues was rotated across these three replications to give each cue a roughly equal chance, across subjects, of having a given weight.
The main result is that the respondents did not learn the worths of either the stimuli or their cues very well. This result was independent of the experimental manipulations and is based upon analysis of both the questionnaires and the choice process.
The measures of learning, as are those in much of the MCPL literature, are based on Brunswik's (1956) lens model as formalized by Dudycha and Naylor (1966). These measures reflect correlations between several estimates of the stimulus worths: (1) Direct estimates were supplied by the questionnaire, (2) Bootstrapped estimates were the predicted worths of the stimuli provided by regressing the direct estimates against the cues, (3) Compositional estimates were derived by combining the ratings of each cue. The implied worth of an object-stimulus was then the sum of the ratings of its cue-levels. Since ratings of the geometric shapes were obtained separately from the ratings of the letters, two separate compositional indices were created.
Given these four subject-based estimates of stimulus-object worths, what measure should be used as a criterion to evaluate the degree of learning reflected in these measures? One could regress each of these measures against the true worths of the stimulus-objects but these true worths are not perfectly related to the cues due to the presence of random error. We therefore calculated a 'fairer' criterion estimate of the stimulus worths by computing those cue weights that would be inferred by a perfect OLS processor given the sequence of chosen stimuli and feedback.
These optimal retinas of the stimuli were obtained by regressing the feedback levels against the cue levels scored as dummy variables. The resulting predicted stimulus worths were optimal in the sense of being the best predictors of the particular stimuli chosen. That is, if a respondent concentrated choices among five or six stimuli, the optimal values reflected the fit of the additive model from among these choices. These scores might be quite different from those generated from a broad selection of stimuli. Thus the optimal scores are relative to the particular choices and to a certain extent control for whether a respondent used a high-learning strategy with many different items chosen or a low-learning strategy. It should also be noted that the optimal values can, in theory, be perfectly reproduced by the subject in that each respondent had the information needed to produce a scale that correlates perfectly with the optimal values.
AVERAGE CORRELATION OF SUBJECT-BASED ESTIMATES OF STIMULUS WORTHS WITH "OPTIMAL ESTIMATES"
The four subject-based estimates of stimulus worth: direct, bootstrapped, shapes and letters, were correlated with the optimal scales for each individual. The means and standard deviations across the 48 respondents are shown in Table 1. It is noted that, except for the direct estimates, which are predictably unreliable, the three scales correlate about 0.3 with the optimal model. This translates to an R2 of less than 10%.
The first question raised by this relatively low performance is, how it can be so much lower than typical correlations found in either compositional or decompositional models? The answer to this question can be found by examining the correspondences between the various subjective scales shown in Table 2. These more respectable correlations indicate that consumers are internally consistent. But this internal consistency may greatly overstate actual association with the true worths of the stimuli. Thus it appears that respondents were consistent with their own ratings but these had relatively little correspondence with reality. In the next section we explore the pattern of actual choices made in an attempt to discover the strategies used and why they were unsuccessful in uncovering the true values.
Some of the reasons for the poor learning become apparent as one examines the patterns of choices through the 32 choice-feedback trials. While no clear criterion of learning is available in this case, one would expect that choices might reflect a partly systematic search for the best stimulus object, and that subsequent choices would be somewhat consistent with information obtained from prior choices.
All the stimuli differ from each other on between one and four cues. By choosing a stimulus that differs from the previous one on only one cue, the change in feedback is an estimate of that cue's worth. We term such switching on only one cue on two consecutive choices an experimental test. The value of such a strategy when there is no error in feedback is clear: by ignoring the cues, all 16 brands must be tried before the best brand is identified, but by correctly inferring an additive relationship between cues and stimulus worth and 'experimentally testing' the cues, only 5 choices are needed to determine the best brand. When feedback contains error, the best brand can never be identified with certainty by either strategy, but even if the subject decides to try all brands in search of the best, trying them in an 'experimental testing' order would yield valuable information. Did respondents in fact employ such a strategy? The answer is no, as is shown by Table 3, which compares the number of cues switched between consecutively chosen stimuli if all stimuli were chosen randomly (and with equal probability) with the frequency observed with our respondents. Note that the percentage of single-switch choices (experimental tests) is virtually identical to that expected under the chance model. This percentage (25%) was unexpectedly small given the high level of information that can be derived from just changing one cue. Instead, most of the switches (30%) involved changing two cues, a strategy that has limited value from an informational standpoint and is only marginally efficient as a way to find a brand that is quite different. High-aversion strategies occurred relatively rarely, perhaps because of the search difficulty in finding the item that differs over three or four of the cues. Not surprisingly, perhaps, zero switches ('brand loyalty') occurred much more frequently than expected by chance. Overall, there is little evidence that respondents acted as "intuitive scientists" by searching for structure using controlled experiments. Furthermore, as the next section shows, even when "experiments" were used their results were ignored.
Figure 2 shows that, when subjects did switch on only one cue, their next choice often conflicted with the information obtained on that cue. If switching on one cue resulted in a positive improvement in choice outcome, then one might expect the subject to retain that level on the subsequent choice. Subjects in fact did this 65%-78% of the time, depending upon the magnitude of the change in outcome. If switching a cue resulted in a negative change in choice outcome, then one would expect subjects to switch back to the original one on their subsequent choice; they in fact did so less than two-thirds of the time.
What, if anything, did influence the number of cues switched on consecutive choices? There are three likely candidates. First might be the outcome on the last item chosen--the higher its value, the greater the probability that the next choice will be highly similar. Another possibility is the change in outcome for the last two choices. One would expect smaller change following an increase in choice outcome than following a decrease. Finally, one might expect experience to result in switching on fewer cues; that is, the respondent might, with experience, eliminate some stimuli from consideration.
In the present study, current feedback accounted for virtually all of the accountable variance in the number of cues switched. Thus, once current feedback is accounted for, the change in feedback was not significant and task experience became much less so. The effect of current feedback is shown in Figure 3.
The foregoing has described an experimental paradigm that modifies the multiple cue probability learning task to better approximate that aspect of consumer learning that occurs through the experience of the product. Different ways were tried to get respondents to give the values of cues that correspond to the feedback received on the 32 purchase/ feedback occasions. While these different measures had reasonable correlations among themselves (internal validity), none accounted for more than 10% of the variance (external validity) that could have been realized had the respondents been OLS processors. The patterns of choices provided some explanation for the lack of apparent learning in the task. Respondents did not use what would have been the moat efficient way to measure cues worths, experimental tests, any more than would be expected with random selection of stimuli. Further, where experimental tests did occur, subsequent choice was in accordance with the feedback from the test in only 2/3 of the cases. Indeed, the best predictor of the number of cues switched was simply the value of the last time chosen--the more negative its feedback, the more dissimilar the next item chosen. Perhaps as little learning occurred because respondents were not trying to learn but simply avoiding bad products, a kind of aversive random walk.
Can Subjects Be Induced to Learn Cue Worths?
Several factors would likely serve to increase the level of cue learning. First, the number of stimuli can be increased relative to the number of cues, thus forcing attention to cues rather than global Judgments on stimuli. Second, the consequences of choice can be increased. This change would increase the cost of a 'try all brands and see' strategy. Finally, more cue learning might occur with messages (e.g. ads) to orient respondents to the different cues.
Does Prior Knowledge Affect Learning?
Abstract choice objects were employed in this study, as in the MCPL literature, to minimize the effects of prior learning and, most importantly, to control choice outcomes. An alternative might be to use hypothetical brands of a real product class (as in conjoint analysis), measure (rather than control) the subjects' priors concerning cue worths, and then study the change in these priors as a result of feedback on choices. Alternatively, one might use brand names and measure prior beliefs concerning both cue (attribute) and brand worths.
Thus, the current study, while tentative and largely exploratory, suggests that consumers may have difficulty in correctly inferring the values of purchase cues from product experience. It is hoped that future research will shed more light on this issue of concern to regulators, practitioners and consumer researchers.
Brunswik, E. (1956), Perception and the Representative Design of Experiments, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Castellan, N. John (1974), "The Effect of Different Types of Feedback on Multiple-Cue Probability Learning, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 11, 44-64.
Dudycha, L.W. and Naylor, J.C. (1966), "Characteristics of the Human Inference Process in Complex Choice Behavior Situations,'' Organization Behavior and Human Performance, 1, 110-128.
Janke, Mary (1972), "Effect of Stimulus and Instructional Variables in Ambiguous Concept-Attainment Task," Journal of Experimental Psychology, 93, 21-29.
Nelson, P. (1970), "Information and Consumer Behavior," Journal of Political Economy, 78, &0-53.
Schmitt, Neal, Coyle, B.W. and King, L. (1976), "Feedback and Task Predictability as Determinants of Performance in Multiple Cue Probability Learning Tasks," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 338-402.
Slovic, Paul; Fischhoff, B., and Lichtenstein, S. (1977), "Behavioral Decision Theory." Annual Review of Psychology.


text:
Boro U21s
'Boro U21s are top of the league on merit' insists coach Paul Jenkins
The Teesside young guns extended their unbeaten run to eight games after two late goals helped them to a 2-1 win over Newcastle
Jonathon TaylorMultimedia Journalist
Boro's Bradley Fewster evades a challenge from Newcastle's Callum Williams
Boro's young guns are top of the table on merit and have an inner confidence that they will not lose football matches, according to boss Paul Jenkins.
The Under-21s rose soared to the summit of the Barclays Under-21 Premier League Second Division in dramatic fashion as two late goals helped them to a 2-1 win over Newcastle last night.
Trailing to a first-half strike by Geordie youngster Adam Campbell, Boro's youngsters looked set to lose their first game since August - but late strikes from James Husband and Callum Cooke turned the game on its head.
Victory in the Tees-Tyne derby means Boro's Under-21s are now on an eight-game unbeaten run - and are three points clear of rivals Arsenal in the league table.
The Teessiders head to North London on Friday for a top-of-the-table clash - and Jenkins admits the spirit within Boro's ranks is clear to see.
It's going to be another immensely tough game on Friday but we're top of the league on merit", Jenkins said.
"We are top because of the quality that we've produced, certainly in the first few games. There is a great resilience in the team, a strong team spirit and a togetherness.
"This group of players have a confidence about them that they're never going to lose football matches and even when we've gone behind we've just continued to keep going. The fitness levels have been really good.
"The boys are in a really good position at the moment and we've proved that sometimes we don't play well but we come away with results."
Boro winger James Husband battles it out with Newcastle's Kevin Mbabu
Boro were far from their best last night at Victoria Park, and Campbell's first-half strike looked set to hand the Geordies the three points as the Teessiders toiled in front of goal.
Jenkins admitted he was disappointed with his side's overall display - but believes the introduction of Callum Cooke on 65 minutes changed the game.
"I was disappointed really, I thought we started the game well with the wind in our faces, yet we had a good 15 minute spell where we had some good play and had opportunities. Then we got pegged back a little bit and found it difficult to get out of our half and Newcastle pressed us.
"We conceded a goal which took the wind out of our sails a bit, so coming in at half-time I just felt we had worked on training in moving the ball quickly and not dwelling on the ball, but we started doing things we hadn't set out to do.
"In the second half we didn't get on the front foot and didn't get hold of the ball, but as the game wore on we started to play again and started to have some belief.
Paul Jenkins (Image: Graham Bell/MFC)
"We had a couple of opportunities and we came alive with 30 minutes to go. We had the opportunity and a great delivery from Manu (Ledesma) put Husband in to score a header, and at that point if you'd asked me I'd be happy with a point.
"Then low and behold we get another opportunity and Callum Cooke did what he did last week (at Gateshead), came on and really changed the game for us. I thought he was really good and set the tempo for us, and again smashed one in the back of the net.
"Sometimes you see other managers being involved in stuff like that but yet you never think it's going to be yourself involved in it. I'd have been quite happy to come away with a point after being behind for so long yet I was delighted we secured three points.
"It's put us top of the league and three points clear going into Friday's game against Arsenal."
Barclay's Premier League

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Pulling Punches
September 1, 2018 March 11, 2020 ~ Ted
In G1. Fireflies Leo joins Jay on the path to the monastery of Sheridan. Leo is abrasive as always, but he finally leaves to wander the mountainside alone. I'd like to talk about Leo in this section, as I've given a lot of thought to his portrayal. (This is probably the commentary I edit most, because I'm still not completely sure what Leo's deal is. I think it's difficult for him to represent anything in particular because he has no values at all, but he's willing to pretend to have any value when it's convenient.)
If I'm doing my job as a writer, I can make people believe anything. I've already thrown my protagonist into the afterlife using hallucinogenic centipedes, and that's pretty fantastical and surreal, but ultimately harmless. That's the kind of journey which makes it worth building a magic circle and inviting people inside. But over-indulging in the vileness of an enemy is propaganda. Leo gets to restrain himself (for now).
As outlined in the commentary to E4, Leo represents the recent swell of ultra-toxic 'politics' in the American cultural subconscious. He's a coward who hides his intentions behind feigned obliviousness, but shows his true colors when he thinks he's among like-minded company. In this section he's astounded that Jay is actually visiting monks and not just using the monastery as an excuse to steal drugs to sell back in America. Leo argues his drug-smuggling is an extension of a family tradition of smart business decisions, and sets off to steal centipedes even though Sheridan has made quite clear that centipedes are of vital cultural and religious importance. He swears using language too colorful to print.
Allowing Leo to hide his intentions from the audience as well as Jay is a courtesy. Eventually Leo will have another chance to explain himself, and then he may show more of his unsavory side. Until then, I'll try not to look like a bad political cartoon.
Leo claims to be a self-made man because he climbed the mountain without a lantern. Perhaps he says this to deride Jay for his friendship with Michael the tour guide, as Michael gave Jay his lantern in return for his friendliness in comparison to Leo. But Leo's claim of being a self-made man doesn't ring true: he had a jar of fireflies to light his way, and he didn't even collect the fireflies himself. He even expects Jay to help him carry his luggage up the final ledge, and still claims to be self-sufficient. Despite the claim, he's quick to blame others for his life's difficulties, as he bemoans the trouble he'll have finding centipedes after Jay frees his fireflies. (Remember, he blamed his wife for dragging him to Sheridan. He can't even be responsible for his own alibi.)
Speaking of fireflies, the image of jarred bugs flailing for air is a disturbing one. People aren't normally so squeamish about dying bugs, but fireflies have a romantic connotation. Also, crickets and centipedes are associated with religion in Akayama DanJay, so trapping fireflies for light seems like abusing religious doctrine for personal gain. Freed fireflies lighting the trail to the monastery signifies the power of natural religious illumination to guide humanity to knowledge. Trapping fireflies to steal centipedes signifies the potential for religious power to be perverted by those who wish to warp the natural order to suit their whim.
I censor Leo's final swears for three reasons. First, it lets the reader imagine what cultural boundaries Leo is transgressing. Second, it keeps Leo from being too much of a straw-man; I'm not pinning an egregious phrase on his character just to decry him for it. Third, it shows that Jay has stopped caring about what Leo says.
Anyway, I hope this commentary speaks to my writing process. I think everything in a book should line up. Next week I'll share some inspirations for the lecture Jay will hear in the monastery of Sheridan. Keep eating your worms!
‹ PreviousPenguin Pilgrims
Next ›Folklore and Non-Linear Stories


Join our family of members and save!
For first-time members only! Enjoy 6 months of our "Friends" benefit level. If you like what you experience you may upgrade to our "Member" benefit level for only $15, valid for an additional 12 months! Call the box office for this special offer.
Enjoy discounts of $1 to $2 on every ticket you purchase.
Membership benefits good for 12 months.
Select the best seats during our members-only presale weeks!
Ability to return or exchange tickets up to 24 hours before a show.


Literature References: Glyco-pentapeptide; key intermediate in bacterial cell-wall synthesis. Residue 3 varies from species to species; it is usually L-Lys in Gram positive bacteria and mesodiaminopimelate in Gram negative bacteria. Identification and isolation from Staphylococcus aureus: J. T. Park, J. Biol. Chem. 194, 885 (1952). Total synthesis: S. A. Hitchcock et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 1916 (1998); of radioiodinated analog: C. N. Eid et al., J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 41, 705 (1998).
Use: Tool for antibacterial screen development.


text:
Doc Society Cookies Usage
If you are resident in the UK, or any other country other than the US or the Netherlands, or if you are applying to the BFI Doc Society Fund, we are Doc Society, a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee and registered in the United Kingdom with company registration number 05278207. Our trading address is 50 Frith Street London W1D 4SQ.
If you are resident in the US, we are Doc Society Inc, a not-for-profit company registered with the IRS as a 501(c)(3). Our trading address is 20 Jay Street, Suite 1008, Brooklyn, NY 11201.
If you are resident in the Netherlands, we are Stichting Doc Society, a not-for-profit company registered with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce with registration number 71039732.
How we collect data and how we use it
When you visit the Doc Society site (docsociety.org) or any related site (goodpitch.org, docacademy.org, safeandsecure.film) we collect data that enables us to track your usage of any of our sites by means of cookies. Cookies are small files that are placed on your device when you visit a website. Your browser sends them back to that website site on each subsequent visit, so that it can recognise you and remember things like personalised details or user preferences Cookies enable us to analyse web traffic, make the experience of using our websites smoother, and they may also perform certain essential functions without which it would not be possible to use our website. For example, a cookie may record whether you have logged in with a password, and can therefore access secure parts of our website. Cookies may remain on your computer after you leave our website or after your Internet session finishes. You can block cookies using your browser preferences, and you can delete cookies either via your browser settings or using system utilities. For more information, please visit About Cookies.
What kinds of cookies does Doc Society use and why?
These are essential in helping you to move around our websites and using their features, such as accessing secure (password-protected) areas, for example a user account. Without these cookies, certain services you have asked for, such accessing your account, cannot be provided.
We use Google Analytics to collect information about how visitors use our website. We use this information to report to our funders and to analyse website usage so that we can improve user experience. Google Analytics collects information such as the number of site visitors, which pages they visited, how they came to the site and their location. This information is anonymous and cannot be used to identify you personally.
There are links to other sites on our site (for example, among others, to Twitter, Facebook, Vimeo, YouTube), and while you are on our site these third-party sites may also deliver cookies to your device. We have no control over these third-party cookies.
The cookies that Doc Society uses
Cookie name Purpose Duration
csrftoken Used to guard against CSRF attacks when fillin in web forms - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery Session
_utm and one of [atbczv] Google Analytics using ga.js - see https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage between session and 2 years
symfony Session tracking - used to maintain a user login session Session
sessionid Session tracking - used to maintain a user login session Session
__cfduid Cloudflare tracking cookie - some sites are fronted by Cloudflare - a platform of web caches, https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/200170156-What-does-the-Cloudflare-cfduid-cookie-do- 5 years
_ga and _gid Google Analytics - using analytics.js - see https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/cookie-usage _ga - 2 years
_gid - 24 hours
You can block cookies by changing settings in your browser. Bear in mind that if you block cookies then our sites, and other sites you visit, may no longer work for you as intended.
Changes that you make to browser settings will only apply to that browser; if you use multiple browsers (e.g. Chrome, Firefox, Safari) and wish to opt out of cookies then you will need to change settings in each browser that you use. Changes to browser settings will only take effect on the device on which you make those changes, unless your browsers are set up to share your settings across different devices. If your browsers are not set up in this way and you want to opt out of cookies then you will need to change the settings of each browser on each device that you use.
If you delete all cookies, then all site preferences stored on your device will be deleted. This means that if you opt out from cookies for a given site and then delete all cookies, your opt-out will not be saved and you will need to opt out again (which will store a strictly necessary cookie so that your device can remember that you have opted out).
Below are links to instructions for opting out of cookies for some of the most popular browsers:


Rich Clayton has resigned as head coach of Edison's boys' lacrosse. The announcement was made on Sunday, August 6 via Twitter.
Clayton said he plans to move to New Zealand where he can work for his uncle, but he still plans to continue coaching lacrosse. Clayton said he's already talking to the New Zealand national team and that the game of lacrosse has given him so much such as friends, school and family.
"I will always coach. The game has given me so much. I want to share that with as many committed players as I can, Clayton said through email.
Clayton guided Edison to an 11-6 record in the 2017 season and a 5-3 finish in the Sunset League, good enough for a tie for second place. Two of those league wins came against Newport Harbor and Los Alamitos, which marked the first time the Chargers beat either team.
With 50 players showing up at summer camp, Edison boys' lacrosse has a bright future.
"The overtime win at Los Alamitos was a real high for our team. I really respect their program, so that was a big win for the program," Clayton said.
Despite his resignation, Clayton said the future is very bright for Edison and its boys' lacrosse team. Clayton said that the thing he'll miss about Edison is "being on the field with the boys." He also said he enjoyed the winning attitude that is instilled at the school, "win in the classroom, win on the field.
Five years ago Best Coast Lacrosse won the Triz tournament. These players are all upper classmen at Edison now.
"The next coach has a blueprint with a ton of players. We had over 50 [players] at summer camp. What a difference from 15 or so four years ago," Clayton said.
Those interested in the position should submit a resume and cover letter to Edison athletic director Rich Boyce to [email protected].


You mentioned the Mars rover.. did you mean Opportunity? I'm a computer engineer and I've got a question about "my battery is low and it's getting dark."
Obviously, that never happened. The actual message would have been two simple numbers, probably expanded out to lots of bytes for error-correcting reasons, but certainly not translated into English before relay back to Earth. Did you know this, and/or did you find it odd that a machine would say something like this? Do you feel that journalists may have romanticized this story a bit to make it interesting to people who don't othewise care about technology, and if so was that responsible reporting? Or was it just a fun way to present the news?
You do important work, making a final public statement for people who have passed on and lost their voice in this world, and I thank you for that!


Custom unfinished 24 fret All Access DT style body in the classic rear route configuation. Starting at $135. Includes free black or clear back cavity covers.
This is my second guitar body from Perle - and for this build we are doing a Futura vintage style destroyer with a french finish. We ordered this in mahogany, and damned if If can even find the seam of the book match!
To say it's a beautiful piece of wood is an understatement. Of course the CNC work is spot on.
Just how I wanted it!
Being a fan of both the Ibanez Jem, and Phil Collens signature DT-555, Perle asisted me in building the best of both worlds.
Click the button below to add the DT Body- 24 Fret to your wish list.


After 13 people died in the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School, schools and law enforcement drastically changed how they react to school shootings.
In Ohio, it led to required training in school districts, but experts say doing the right kind of training is the key.
"This isn't about scaring you, it's not about making you paranoid, it's only about preparing you," Lakewood Police Officer and Swat Commander Pat Fiorilli told a room full of teachers and administrators.
The difference between a peaceful day at school and a deadly one can be small.
"Time is of the essence and these are over fairly quickly," said Lakewood Police Officer David Acklin. He is also a School Resource Officer in the Lakewood City School District.
Officer Acklin says active shooter and school emergency training has been around for a while. He's been doing A.L.I.C.E. training, standing for "Alert, Lockdown, Information, Counter, Escape," for almost five years.
"Our trainings through the years have changed from just presenting and talking about A.L.I.C.E. and now we get into the scenario-based format," said Officer Acklin.
The newer, hands-on training is intense and only started in the Lakewood School District last year, according to Lakewood's Safety Supervisor John Crane.
"Even in the highest profile shooter cases across the country, where teachers have had the opportunity to lockdown, shooters don't get access to those rooms," said school security expert Kenneth Trump.
Officer Acklin says his A.L.I.C.E. training allows people under attack to "counter," or fight back if it gets to that point, but it also encourages them to get out of the building if it's safe.
Better than just hearing about what's possible in a lecture, Ohio teachers are understanding what it's like to think critically when adrenaline is running high.
"We are empowering the students and the teachers to make decisions," said Officer Acklin.
Officer Acklin says the next step in introducing students to the same drills, possibly next school year. He says the challenge is doing it in a way that makes sense for each age level.
Other school districts around Cleveland tell us they're scheduling the testing they have to do as well. Each district we spoke to says they have their plans to meet state requirements that make them do some kind of training during the school year.


Was your ancestor buried in Portsmouth, Hampshire? Discover your ancestor's burial entry in the Portsmouth parish registers, and learn when and where your ancestor was buried. Explore our parish list to discover which parishes are included and what years are represented in this collection.
St Thomas' Churchyard was closed when Highland Road Cemetery opened 7 November 1854. St Mary's Churchyard was closed when Kingston Cemetery opened 1 January 1856. Both churches continued to record burials in the registers.
Cassandra Austen, the niece of the famous author Jane Austen and daughter of Jane's brother Francis, is found in these records. She was born in 1814 and died in 1849 with her burial date recorded as 10 May 1849 at Wymering. Her residence at the time of death is noted as Portsdown Lodge in Wymering. Her father, Sir Francis William Austen, is also included in these records. He was born in 1773 and was buried on 17 August 1865. His residence and burial place are the same as that of his daughter's. His occupation is recorded as G C B Admiral of the Fleet.
Start your search broadly with just a name. If needed, narrow your results by including a year, place, or keyword in your search criteria.
Occasionally, only partial names or descriptors were included (e.g. A Servant Boy). Try searching on a combination of first and last names with years, places, and keywords to help surface your ancestor in these records.
You can use the keyword search to search on such fields as occupation and residence.
Use the previous and next arrows in the image viewer to move backward and forward in the pages surrounding your ancestor's entry.


Acore's Double Stages Vacuum Transformer Oil Purification System June 5,2017.
Vacuum Transformer Oil Purification System is used to remove water, gas and impurities for improving the electrical resistance of oil and the paper insulation, but also to a certain extent, improve the physical and chemical properties of oil.
Power distribution transformers are mostly installed in the open air environment, insulating oil (transformer oil) by external impurities, and air contact and the equipment itself running a higher temperature, the quality of the oil gradually deteriorated. After the deformation of the insulating oil (transformer oil) will not play the proper insulation, cooling effect. In order to prevent the safe operation caused by deterioration of oil quality is affected, the normal operation of the regular distribution of oil samples for analysis, and according to the analysis of the oil for the corresponding treatment. The inspection cycle for chemical monitoring of the distribution of oil is specified for at least 3 years. Conventional inspection items include acid value, water-soluble acid, flash point, breakdown voltage, appearance.
It should be noted that if the Transformer Oil Purification System is often loaded with a relatively high load, the number of tests should be increased on the basis of the specified test cycle. If the tested items are significantly close to the limits of the control, the number of tests should be increased. The quality of the running oil varies greatly depending on the degree of aging and the presence of impurities, and is usually not a test item alone as a basis for evaluating the state of the oil. Which should be based on the determination of several major characteristics of a comprehensive analysis of indicators.
Its super limit is less than 4.2. There are two possible reasons for exceeding the limit: oil aging; oil contamination. The following measures can be taken to increase the number of tests and compare the acid value with the acid value. The oil regeneration treatment, if the economy is reasonable to do oil change treatment.
Its super limit is less than 20KV. There are two possible reasons for exceeding the limit: the water content in the oil is too large; the oil is contaminated with impurity particles. The following measures can be taken for the breakdown voltage beyond the limit: to identify the cause, vacuum filtration treatment, plate and frame pressure oil filter processing or replacement of new oil.
The super limit is less than 130 ° C. Or 5 ° C lower than the previous test value. There are two possible reasons for exceeding the limit: the device has a local overheating fault; If the flash point exceeds the limit value, the following measures can be taken: to identify the cause, to eliminate the fault; to vacuum degassing machine, or oil change treatment.
If the oil is blurred, turbid white, indicating that the oil contains water, should check the water content. If it is found that the oil contains carbon particles, black color, and even coke smell, there may be an internal arc or partial discharge failure, should be combined with other tests, investigate the cause, troubleshooting. If the oil color is dark, and the color of the oil has changed significantly, it should be noted that the aging of the oil is accelerated, can be combined with oil acid value test analysis, or strengthen the transformer oil operating temperature monitoring.


text:
Where to Watch 'The Mauritanian'
By Claire Spellberg Twitter @c_spellberg Feb 11, 2021 at 10:45am
Golden Globes Canceled at NBC After HFPA Controversy
Netflix & Amazon Pull Away From Golden Globes Until HFPA Improves Diversity
Is 'Nomadland' on Netflix? Where to Watch 'Nomadland'
Trevor Noah Blasts the Golden Globes: "The Proud Boys Have More Black Members" Than the HFPA
Tahar Rahim and Jodie Foster shine in The Mauritanian, a Golden Globe-nominated drama about a long-term Guantanamo Bay detainee. Based on the best-selling memoir by Mohamedou Ould Salahi, The Mauritanian centers on the legal battle to free Salahi (played by Rahim), who was held in Guantanamo Bay for 14 years without ever being charged of a crime, from custody in the infamous detention camp.
The Mauritanian has already captured the eye of critics — Rahim and Foster were nominated for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama and Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, respectively — but now that it's headed for a wide release, fans will finally be able to see the searing drama for themselves. What is The Mauritanian release date? Where can I watch The Mauritanian? Consider this your official guide to all things Mauritanian on streaming.
WHAT IS THE MAURITANIAN RELEASE DATE?
The Mauritanian will be released in select theaters on Friday, February 12. STXfilms, the film's distributor, has not yet set a digital release date, but it will likely hit video on demand platforms in a few weeks.
THE MAURITANIAN: WHERE TO WATCH
Beginning tomorrow, February 12, fans can catch The Mauritanian in select theaters, including many AMC cinemas, so check your local listings (and your local health guidelines) to find a showing near you.
Interested in watching The Mauritanian from the comfort of your home, instead? When The Mauritanian debuts on demand in the coming weeks, it will be available to purchase on a variety of different digital platforms, including Amazon Prime Video, iTunes, Vudu, and FandangoNow.
THE MAURITANIAN CAST: TAHAR RAHIM, JODIE FOSTER, AND MORE
In addition to Tahar Rahim, who plays Mohamedou Ould Salahi, The Mauritanian stars Jodie Foster as defense attorney Nancy Hollander; Shailene Woodley as her associate Teri Duncan; Benedict Cumberbatch as Lt. Colonel Stuart Couch, a military prosecutor; Zachary Levi as Neil Buckland; and Saamer Usmani as Arjun, among others.
WHERE CAN I WATCH THE MAURITANIAN TRAILER?
Check out The Mauritanian trailer above.
Where to stream The Mauritanian
Is 'Maybe I Do' Streaming On HBO Max or Netflix?
The Internet Can't Stop Talking About 2023 Oscar Nominee "My Year of Dicks" — And Rightfully So


text:
The Olive tree of Vouves () is an olive tree in the village of Ano Vouves in the municipal unit of Kolymvari in Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. Probably one of the oldest olive trees in the world, it still produces olives today.

The exact age of the tree cannot be determined. The use of radioisotopes is not possible, as its heartwood has been lost down the centuries, while tree ring analysis demonstrated the tree to be at least 2000 years old. On the other end of the scale, scientists from the University of Crete have estimated it to be 4,000 years old. A possible indicator of its age are the two cemeteries from the Geometric Period discovered near the tree.  Current research in Crete and abroad indicates that earlier estimates of the age of olive trees are to be debated as far as their accuracy. There is not yet an agreed upon scientific method to ascertain the age of olive trees. In the case of the Vouves Olive, it could be much younger than earlier estimates or even older than the ancient tree in Finix (Sfakia).

The tree remains productive to this day, having been grafted with the cultivar 'Tsounati'. The trunk has a perimeter of  and a diameter of .

In 1997, the tree was declared a protected natural monument, and in October 2009, the Olive Tree Museum of Vouves was inaugurated in a nearby 19th-century house, displaying the traditional tools and process of olive cultivation. Branches from the tree were used to weave victors' wreaths for the winners of the 2004 Athens Olympics and the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

See also
List of individual trees
List of long-living organisms
List of oldest trees

References

External links
 Olive Tree Museum of Vouves
 MNN.com - "The world's 10 oldest living trees"
 Photo from Flickr - "photo of the world's oldest olive tree, Ano Vouves"

Individual olive trees
Individual trees in Greece
Landmarks in Greece
Chania (regional unit)
Oldest trees

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<resources xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <!-- Base application theme. -->
    <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat">
        <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
        <item name="windowNoTitle">true</item>
        <item name="windowActionBar">false</item>
        <item name="android:windowFullscreen">true</item>
        <item name="android:windowContentOverlay">@null</item>
        <item name="android:background">@android:color/black</item>
        <item name="android:windowBackground">@android:color/black</item>
        <item name="android:colorBackground">@android:color/black</item>
        <item name="android:textSize">48sp</item>
        <item name="android:textColor">@android:color/white</item>
    </style>

    <style name="MirrorText">
        <item name="android:fontFamily" tools:targetApi="jelly_bean">sans-serif-light</item>
        <item name="android:gravity">right|center_vertical</item>
        <item name="android:drawablePadding">8dp</item>

    </style>

    <style name="MirrorListText" parent="MirrorText">
        <item name="android:paddingBottom">@dimen/item_margin</item>
        <item name="android:textSize">20dp</item>
    </style>

    <style name="ConfigurationItemText">
        <item name="android:fontFamily" tools:targetApi="jelly_bean">sans-serif</item>
        <item name="android:textSize">@dimen/configuration_text_size</item>
        <item name="android:layout_marginTop">@dimen/item_margin</item>
    </style>

    <style name="ConfigurationEditText" parent="Base.Widget.AppCompat.EditText">
        <item name="android:textSize">@dimen/configuration_text_size</item>
    </style>
</resources>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ergonomics is most successful when all levels and functions within an organization are involved in its implementation. The ergonomics team pulls together representatives from all appropriate areas in a department or facility that play a critical role in the success of an ergonomics program. The team or teams are typically responsible for identifying, prioritizing, analyzing, and correcting ergonomic hazards or deficiencies in the workplace. Close communication and feedback loops between employees, supervisory, medical, engineering, and management personnel are vital when trying to maintain an ergonomics mentality.
This course is designed to address issues within the company and mixes lecture and hands-on lab exercises to allow all participants to apply techniques.
During the first 2 days, this training class introduces participants to basic ergonomics principles, the importance of an ergonomics program and team, and addresses topics such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), identifying and prioritizing ergonomic stressors, determining root causes, analysis techniques, developing appropriate control measures, and design criteria. Analysis techniques included in the training are: basic ergonomics screening tool, advanced materials handling analysis tools, and several upper extremity analysis tools.
During the 3rd day of the workshop, attendees will be divided into three or four smaller groups and will practice analyzing predetermined jobs in the company's facility. Attendees will utilize the screening and deep dive analysis tools they learned about in the workshop. Our ergonomist will be available to answer questions and help guide the team down the correct path if they are struggling. Teams will present to each other at the end of the session to discuss the process they followed and their findings. The event is meant to simulate a real-world ergonomics team analysis session, but with an ergonomist serving as a "safety net" for questions and needed guidance. Companies select which facility jobs or tasks the teams will analyze prior to the start of the workshop. We suggest that jobs/tasks selected for analysis should be appropriate for a beginner-level ergonomics team.
Hands-on lab to analyze a job or task in the plant.
Hands-on labs for each analysis tool.


text:
package dk.statsbiblioteket.doms.ingesters.radiotv;

import dk.statsbiblioteket.doms.client.DomsWSClient;
import dk.statsbiblioteket.doms.client.exceptions.NoObjectFound;
import dk.statsbiblioteket.doms.client.exceptions.ServerOperationFailed;
import dk.statsbiblioteket.doms.client.exceptions.XMLParseException;
import dk.statsbiblioteket.doms.folderwatching.FolderWatcherClient;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
import org.xmlunit.builder.Input;
import org.xmlunit.diff.Diff;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * On added xml files with radio/tv metadata, add objects to DOMS describing these files.
 */
public class RadioTVFolderWatcherClient extends FolderWatcherClient {

    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
    private final DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory;
    /**
     * Folder to move failed files to.
     */
    private final Path failedFilesFolder;
    /**
     * Folder to move processed files to.
     */
    private final Path processedFilesFolder;
    /**
     * If true, will overwrite objects in doms
     */
    private final boolean overwrite;
    /**
     * If true will report ingest successful if object in doms is semantically identical to the one we want to ingest.
     * If neiter overwrite or check is true, the ingester will fail if the object is already in doms.
     */
    private boolean check;

    /**
     * Client for communicating with DOMS.
     */
    private final DomsWSClient domsClient;
    /**
     * Max number of exceptions before we shut down the watcher
     */
    private final int maxFails;
    /**
     * How many times we failed during ingest.
     */
    private int exceptionCount = 0;

    /**
     * Initialise the processor.
     *  @param domsClient           Client used for contacting DOMS.
     * @param failedFilesFolder    Folder to move failed files to.
     * @param processedFilesFolder Folder to move processed files to.
     * @param preIngestFileSchema  Schema for Raio/TV metadata to process.
     * @param overwrite            if true, will overwrite existing programs. If false, will throw OverwriteExceptions instead
     * @param maxFails
     */
    public RadioTVFolderWatcherClient(DomsWSClient domsClient, Path failedFilesFolder, Path processedFilesFolder,
                                      Schema preIngestFileSchema, boolean overwrite, int maxFails, boolean check) {
        this.domsClient = domsClient;
        this.maxFails = maxFails;
        this.check = check;
        log.debug("Creating {} with params domsClient, failedFilesFolder={}, processedFilesFolder={}, overwrite={}, maxFails={}, check={}",
                  getClass().getName(), failedFilesFolder, processedFilesFolder, overwrite, maxFails, check);
        this.failedFilesFolder = failedFilesFolder;
        this.processedFilesFolder = processedFilesFolder;
        this.overwrite = overwrite;

        documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        documentBuilderFactory.setSchema(preIngestFileSchema);
        documentBuilderFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
    }

    /**
     * Create the xml file parser
     *
     * @return a document builder
     */
    private synchronized DocumentBuilder getFileParser() {
        DocumentBuilder preingestFilesBuilder;
        try {
            preingestFilesBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
            throw new RuntimeException(pce);// will never be reached, but no matter
        }

        ErrorHandler documentErrorHandler = new ErrorHandler() { //Any errors are rethrown for max breakage

            @Override
            public void warning(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
                throw exception;
            }

            @Override
            public void error(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
                throw exception;
            }

            @Override
            public void fatalError(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
                throw exception;
            }
        };
        preingestFilesBuilder.setErrorHandler(documentErrorHandler);
        return preingestFilesBuilder;
    }

    /**
     * Will parse the metadata and add relevant objects to DOMS.
     *
     * @param addedFile Full path to the new file.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized void fileAdded(Path addedFile) {
        if (isXmlFile(addedFile)) {
            handleAddedOrModifiedFile(addedFile);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Acts exactly as fileAdded.
     *
     * @param modifiedFile Full path to the modified file.
     */
    @Override
    public void fileModified(Path modifiedFile) {
        if (isXmlFile(modifiedFile)) {
            handleAddedOrModifiedFile(modifiedFile);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void fileDeleted(Path deletedFile) {
        //Note, this will be invoked with this client moves the files out of the hotFolder....
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the path is a regular file with the extension .xml
     *
     * @param file the file to check
     * @return true if an xml file
     */
    private boolean isXmlFile(Path file) {
        return file != null && Files.isRegularFile(file) && file.getFileName().toString().endsWith(".xml");
    }

    /**
     * Handle a file that is added or modified, as this is the same for this client
     *
     * @param file the file to handle
     */
    private void handleAddedOrModifiedFile(Path file) {
        if (!isAlreadyHandled(file)) {
            handleFile(file);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the file is already handled, by looking in the processedFilesFolder
     *
     * @param file the file to examine
     * @return true if we already handled the file
     */
    protected boolean isAlreadyHandled(Path file) {
        try {
            Path possibleCopy = processedFilesFolder.resolve(file.getFileName());
            if (Files.isRegularFile(possibleCopy)) {
                log.debug("Found possible copy of file {} in {}", file, processedFilesFolder);

                Source control = Input.fromFile(file.toFile()).build();
                Source test = Input.fromFile(possibleCopy.toFile()).build();

                Diff d = Util.xmlDiff(control, test);

                if (!d.hasDifferences()) {
                    log.info("Found semantic duplicate of file={} in processedFolder={}, so deleting file={}",
                             file, processedFilesFolder, file);
                    Files.deleteIfExists(file);
                    return true;
                } else {
                    log.debug("File={} has differences from file {} in processedFolder={}, so continuing ingest: differences='{}' ",file,file,processedFilesFolder,d.toString());
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.warn("IOException while trying to find duplicate of file={} in processedFilesFolder={}",
                     file, processedFilesFolder, e);
            incrementFailedTries();
            //Note, we return false in this case and tries to ingest the file
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Handles the file, by ingesting it in DOMS as a Program object
     *
     * @param file the xml file to ingest
     */
    private void handleFile(Path file) {
        List<String> pidsInProgress = new ArrayList<>();

        try { //Trick to rename the thread and name it back
            log.debug("Creating xml parser");
            DocumentBuilder fileParser = getFileParser();

            log.debug("Parsing xml file");
            Document radioTVMetadata = fileParser.parse(file.toFile());

            log.debug("Creating doms record");
            Path tempFile = createRecord(radioTVMetadata, file, pidsInProgress);

            moveToProcessed(file, tempFile);

            log.debug("Ingest complete");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Handle anything unanticipated.
            failed(file, pidsInProgress, e);
        }
    }

    private void moveToProcessed(Path ingested_file, Path tempFile) throws IOException {
        log.debug("Ingest was successful, so move file {} to the processedFilesFolder={}", ingested_file,
                  processedFilesFolder);
        // The ingest was successful, if we make it here...
        // Move the processed file to the finished files folder.
        Files.move(ingested_file, processedFilesFolder.resolve(ingested_file.getFileName()), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);

        // And it is now safe to delete the "in progress" PID file.
        Files.deleteIfExists(tempFile);

        try {
            // If the file also exists in failedFilesFolder, and that file is identical to the one we just ingested, delete it
            Path failedFile = failedFilesFolder.resolve(ingested_file.getFileName());
            if (Files.exists(failedFile)){
                log.info("File {} also found in failedFolder",ingested_file,failedFilesFolder);
                Source control = Input.fromFile(ingested_file.toFile()).build();
                Source test = Input.fromFile(failedFile.toFile()).build();

                Diff d = Util.xmlDiff(control, test);

                if (!d.hasDifferences()) {
                    log.info("Successfully ingested file {} is identical to file {} in failedFolder={}, so deleting {}",
                             ingested_file, failedFilesFolder, failedFile);
                    Files.deleteIfExists(failedFile);
                } else {
                    log.info("Successfully ingested file {} is different from file {} in failedFolder={}. Just Saying: differences='{}' ",
                              ingested_file,failedFile,failedFilesFolder,d.toString());
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.warn("Failed to check for semantic equivalent file in {} after successful ingest of {}",failedFilesFolder,ingested_file,e);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Create objects in DOMS for given program metadata. On success, the originating file will be moved to the folder
     * for processed files. On failure, a file in the folder of failed files will contain the pids that were not
     * published.
     *
     * @param radioTVMetadata The Metadata for the program.
     * @param addedFile       The file containing the program metadata
     * @param pidsInProgress  Initially empty list of pids to update with pids collected during process, to be published
     *                        or reported as failed in the end.
     * @throws IOException           On io trouble communicating.
     * @throws ServerOperationFailed On trouble updating DOMS.
     * @throws XMLParseException     On trouble parsing XML.
     * @throws NoObjectFound         if a URL is referenced, which is not found in DOMS.
     */
    private Path createRecord(Document radioTVMetadata,
                              Path addedFile,
                              List<String> pidsInProgress) throws IOException, ServerOperationFailed, XMLParseException, NoObjectFound {
        String filename = addedFile.getFileName().toString();
        // Create or update program object for this program
        log.debug("Starting to create doms record for file");

        log.debug("Creating record creator");
        RecordCreator recordCreator = new RecordCreator(domsClient, overwrite, check);

        log.info("Ingesting program");
        String programPID = recordCreator.ingestProgram(radioTVMetadata, filename);
        log.info("Program ingested with pid={}", programPID);

        pidsInProgress.add(programPID);
        Path allWrittenPIDs = writePIDs(addedFile, pidsInProgress);

        // Publish the objects created in the process
        log.debug("Publishing objects {}", pidsInProgress);

        domsClient.publishObjects(
                "Publishing objects " + pidsInProgress + " as part of ingest of program " + addedFile.getFileName(),
                pidsInProgress.toArray(new String[pidsInProgress.size()]));

        log.info("Finished creating doms record for file");
        return allWrittenPIDs;
    }

    /**
     * Iteratively (over)write the pid the InProcessPIDs file
     * associated with the preIngestFile.
     *
     * @param preIngestFile The file containing the Metadata for a program.
     * @param PIDs          A list of PIDs to write.
     * @return The File which the PIDs were written to.
     * @throws IOException thrown if the file cannot be written to.
     */
    private Path writePIDs(Path preIngestFile, List<String> PIDs) throws IOException {
        Path pidFile = inProcessPids(preIngestFile);

        try (final PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(pidFile.toFile());) {
            for (String currentPID : PIDs) {
                writer.println(currentPID);
            }
        }
        return pidFile;
    }

    /**
     * Move the failed pre-ingest file to the "failedFilesFolder" folder and
     * rename the in-progress PID list file to a failed PID list file, also
     * stored in the "failedFilesFolder" folder.
     *

     * This method should be called before "pulling the plug".
     *
     * @param addedFile     The file attempted to have added to the doms
     * @param pidsToPublish The failed PIDs
     * @param exception     the exception that mark the failure
     */
    private void failed(Path addedFile, List<String> pidsToPublish, Exception exception) {
        try {
            String filename = addedFile.getFileName().toString();

            log.error("Ingest failed with exception, attempting cleanup for file={} and pids={}", addedFile,
                      pidsToPublish, exception);

            Files.move(addedFile, failedFilesFolder.resolve(addedFile.getFileName()), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
            log.debug("Moved file {} to failedFilesFolder={}", addedFile, failedFilesFolder);

            // Rename the in-progress PIDs to failed PIDs.
            renamePidLists(addedFile);

            log.trace("Attempting to delete objects {} from doms", pidsToPublish);
            String deleteComment = Util.domsCommenter(filename, " deleted objects {0} due to ingest failure",
                                                      pidsToPublish);
            domsClient.deleteObjects(deleteComment, pidsToPublish.toArray(new String[pidsToPublish.size()]));

            log.error("Cleanup succeeded for file={} and pids={}", addedFile, pidsToPublish);

            incrementFailedTries();
        } catch (Exception exception2) {
            // If this bail-out error handling fails, then nothing can save us...
            log.error("Unrecoverable error during ingesting", exception2);
            throw new RuntimeException("Unrecoverable error during ingesting", exception2);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Rename the file with a list of PIDs in progress and never published to a file with a list of failed PIDs.
     *
     * @param failedMetadataFile The originating file.
     */
    private synchronized void renamePidLists(Path failedMetadataFile) throws IOException {
        Path activePIDsFile = inProcessPids(failedMetadataFile);
        Path failedPIDsFile = failedPids(failedMetadataFile);
        if (Files.exists(activePIDsFile)) {
            Files.move(activePIDsFile, failedPIDsFile, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
        }
    }

    private Path failedPids(Path failedMetadataFile) {
        return failedFilesFolder.resolve(failedMetadataFile.getFileName().toString() + ".failedPIDs");
    }

    private Path inProcessPids(Path failedMetadataFile) {
        return failedFilesFolder.resolve(failedMetadataFile.getFileName().toString() + ".InProcessPIDs");
    }

    /**
     * The number of tries is incremented by one.
     * If this exceeds the maximum number of allowed failures,
     */
    private synchronized void incrementFailedTries() {
        exceptionCount += 1;
        if (maxFails > 0 && exceptionCount >= maxFails) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Too many errors (" + exceptionCount + ") in ingest. Exiting.");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "RadioTVFolderWatcherClient{" +
               "exceptionCount=" + exceptionCount +
               ", failedFilesFolder=" + failedFilesFolder +
               ", processedFilesFolder=" + processedFilesFolder +
               ", overwrite=" + overwrite +
               '}';
    }
}


text:
Ground Control to Space
For the first time in their career, The Devil Wears Prada is faced with member changes. Instead of hanging up their boots, they've matured, paring down their songs and collaborating more than ever, learning their new Space in the world
By David Stagg
Photo by Anthony Barlich
"Ten years later, when you're not 17 years old anymore, you want to focus on writing songs and not just writing a really cool riff. We're now more of the mindset that if the song isn't really a good song, then don't put it on the album."
The Devil Wears Prada 2015
The Devil Wears Prada is in a new space now. The band was a unit for the entirety of their then-seven year career until keyboardist James Baney opted to exit the band in early 2012. They picked up touring keyboardist Jonathan Gering, but hadn't suffered any additions or new changes and were able to write and release a well-received piece of work, 8:18, their fifth full-length studio album. They captured a slot on 2014 Warped Tour's main stage, and soon thereafter began prepping to write for their next group of songs when founding member and guitarist Chris Rubey decided to move on.
After speaking with the band's guitarist Jeremy Depoyster, another founding member, it is clear the band's maturity has been shining through in this new-to-them process. Now with four core members, they first tried to write some music to see if the band could still be, well, a band. Not only did it work, they realized how beneficial the new collaborative landscape was working for them. Touring guitarist Kyle Sipress began contributing music with Depoyster for what would come to be called the Space EP, while other members — including Rubey, vocalist Mike Hranica and Depoyster solo — also wrote and added their touch to major portions of the release. The result, a six-song piece of well-crafted and out-of-this-world songwriting, comes out later this month. We talk with Depoyster about the importance of being picky with their songs, what brevity has to do with piecing together an album that works and what the next steps for a new The Devil Wears Prada look like.
Hey Jeremy! Long time, no speak. Are you at home? Are you back from Mayhem Fest?
Yes, I'm sitting in my backyard.
Must be nice, even though they didn't give you much of a break; they still have you answering phone calls from me.
(Laughs) Hey, if that's my job, then it's still a pretty good one.
That's really good perspective to have. Well, I wanted to ask you about your new EP coming out. First, why an EP, man? Did you just decide, based on some of the recent band happenings, it was the best thing to do for you guys to move forward? Or was it always a planned thing?
No, we already kind of had the idea for quite some time. Even maybe a year ago we had already been talking about what kind of theme we were going to do. We passed around ideas, like maybe a movie theme or something along those lines, so, actually, when Chris (Rubey, former guitarist) left last September or October, we were like, oh man, we need to write this EP. We already knew that that was happening. I think because of the success of the Zombie EP and seeing how much the fans had latched on to that, we knew it was inevitable to do something, and this just made sense.
It seems like a pretty happy coincidence, because it's something you can write as it's pretty short, something you can get out there and get the fans excited about the new lineup, especially because it's something you guys haven't really had to deal with in the past.
That's very true.
Tell me a little bit about the new guys. I was also reading about the new EP, and it also says they were writing a little bit with you guys. How did that come about? Were you guys friends with them beforehand and, when you decided to start writing the new EP, they started to chime in and everything went well and you all decided to just do it as a new six piece?
(Laughs) What happened was, on the last record, we had brought John (Gering), our keyboard player, in, and he did all the keyboards and helped produce that album as well. He's just a very talented dude. Super awesome, super fresh perspective on things. At the same time, I think that somewhere along the line, there was this weird, misconstrued idea that Chris wrote all of our music and then we all just kind of learned how to play it. I don't know where the implication came from (laughs). He would definitely sketch out ideas, but, for the most part, it was still a really collaborative effort.
We actually had a conference call where he told us he was going to be leaving. Mike called all of us back separately right after that and goes, "I am far from done. I hope you guys are, too." And we were like, Yeah, totally. Then we decided to start writing to see if it would even work, to even have the band anymore.
Kyle actually came up with a couple riffs he sent me in a video. I started to turn those into a song. We went over to Mike's house and he put some ideas down and we really turned it into a song. Then our keyboard player, John, wrote a song. Mike wrote a song. I wrote a song. Chris had some ideas for a song that he sent us, and then we jammed some other stuff out together. It was the most collaborative we've ever been.
That's awesome to hear. With some of that fall out, when you start writing again, you hope it clicks, even without some key members. I've heard the EP and I think the best way I can describe it is probably a little more aggressive, especially compared to some of your 8:18 stuff. Do you feel like that writing process had something to do it? Maybe, if you strip down everything and you go back to your roots, it's like, "Where do we go from here?" and that's what came out?
I think so. Knowing what everyone said about the Zombie EP at the same time and remembering the climate we were in — we had just made an album that was very much on the lighter side of things, there were still some heavy parts on it, but a lot of melody and a lot that aspect was on our last album before the Zombie EP — so when we wrote Zombie, it was this, "Hey, we're a metal band, we've always thought we were a metal band but we were never really good at it, so let's actually try and do it."
I think we had a similar perspective this time (with Space). I know the song I wrote and the song I wrote with Kyle were very much intentionally heavy and loud and metal. You see so much garbage coming out — and I won't name names because I like a lot of the people in those bands, but their bands are just so terrible. So I'm like, we play with these bands and we go out on tours with bands we really like, and we've written some cool heavy stuff before, let's just keep doing it and see what happens. I think probably the next full length there will still be some jammier stuff, and there is some on this one, but you're right: The aggressive, hostile nature is just fun. It's more fun.
I didn't know if it was a result of the writing process or if it was because it was an EP, maybe you thought you could make it more of a shotgun blast. With 8:18 you had a little bit more freedom. You guys are an older band, you could throw in some ambient stuff, you could exercise a little more of your creative muscle. In shortening things with an EP, I didn't know if it changed your mindset.
I think so. I think, also, Mike has talked so much to me about how he feels like we wasted so much time on 8:18 with too many songs. There's just very little possibility of being able to write 13 or 14 really good songs in that span of time and have them all flow together as an album. We would have all these songs… There's just so many songs that were forced on to these albums that people literally don't even care about now that sometimes I think it gets distracting from the songs that are actually good. Ten years later, when you're not 17 years old anymore, you want to focus on writing songs and not just writing a really cool riff. We're now more of the mindset that if the song isn't really a good song, then don't put it on an album.
Let's talk a little bit about the theme. You mentioned you talked around some other thematic ideas. I know Mike said he doesn't have a particular interest in space, so when he started to write the lyrics and you guys started to write the music, how did the space theme come about and then how did you approach it once you decided on the theme?
It's funny because I don't think he ever really had a vested interest in zombies, either, and now people really try to talk to him about horror movies and zombie culture.
That poor guy!
(Laughs) And he's just not that kind of a dude. He's a writer, and that's what interests him more than anything else in the world. That's who he is. If you give him a theme, it's really fun for him to do research and to write into it and try to make it authentic and fun. He loves the Ridley Scott stuff. He loves the Alien stuff and Prometheus and all that, but he's not really into Star Wars or Star Trek or all kinds of sci-fi. That's just not really his cup of tea, so I think it's a fun little challenge for him to do that. I think he likes to be given an idea and to write into it. Picking his brain, I mean, some of the themes he's written about so many times, it's like, you don't want to keep doing the same thing over and over again.
I think that's a very good point. True writers want to get into different mindsets and really want to stretch his or her self, and giving them a theme is a great way to do it. How did it play in for you? When you were writing the music, were you focused on the space theme, or were you just focused on kicking some ass as a metal band?
A little bit of both. I would try and write some really basic riffs or take another person's riffs and structure it into a song, but then on top of that, I would come back in and do some very spacey leads. Kyle and I both spent a lot of time on that. I think I wrote the leads on maybe three or four of the six songs.
I've always had that perspective on leads. I want them to be spacey, I want them to have big, quirky, weird effects on them because metal can get so repetitive. There's no point in writing a Slayer song when they've already written it. We've always tried to do something different. It was a little bit of both. Write something fast and heavy and then come in with the leads on top of that.
I haven't seen any videos come across yet; do you have any plans on returning to the director's chair?
Yeah, we actually already shot one video. We just got a little snippet from one, getting ready to finish it off and put it out ahead of the record. Our plan is to do as many as we possibly can, with the goal being to do one for every song. We didn't do any for Zombie, and so it would be really fun to be able to do one for every song. We'll see how that works out. Right now, we already have one that we shot in Chicago in the middle of Mayhem, and so that's going to be coming out really soon.
How about you, personally? Are you doing any creative stuff on the side? One of the things I always like most about you guys was that you have your band but then you always have your stuff on the side, like Mike's writing books and all. Are you working on anything else creatively?
I actually shot something about the EP that I'm editing right now, kind of like Mike talking about a bunch of the stuff and his ideas on each of the songs, that sort of thing. I'm hoping to have that out ahead of the EP. I did a video for a song on our last album, so I'd like to try and do that again. Self-produce something. That's always fun because you have direct communication with the guys in the band; they can tell you if it's good or not. But there's a lot of people that do it a lot better than me, so who knows (laughs).
Well, I'm going to put in this article that you're available for hire, just so you know.
(Laughs) I am, thank you brother.
It's nice to hear your voice, man. I really hope it goes well for you; the EP is a really solid piece of work.
Thank you so much. As you said, with this stuff, you never really know. We could bounce back and try and write an album and it sucks and no one really like it and it's all over, so I really appreciate the kind words.
The Devil Wears Prada was posted on August 7, 2015 for HM Magazine and authored by David Stagg.


Why a degree in Finance?
The finance curriculum is designed to equip students with a comprehensive foundation in financial management, financial markets, and investments. Students will gain experience in effective decision making, performing complex analyses, providing expert financial advice, and utilizing current technology tools and data sources. A finance degree can lead to exciting careers in Banking, Investment Banking, Financial Services, Financial Planning, Corporate Finance, Economics or International Finance.


Ever wonder why the resolutions you make in January don't stick around after March? You aren't alone! Studies show that only 8% of people keep their New Year's resolutions. Only 8%! Why? And how do people achieve their goals set at New Year's? We've broken it down for you so you can identify your goal-breaker as well as give you some tips on how to make those resolutions stick.
There are three main reasons that New Year's resolutions fail. The first goal-breaker is taking on too much (too big of a goal) and expecting it to happen too fast. Researchers have found that it takes 66 days to break a habit. That's much higher than the previously published 21 days. It conversely means that it also takes 66 days to form a new habit. So, battle your goal-breaker by setting smaller goals and not expecting to master those resolutions by the end of the month.
The second reason you fail to keep your resolution is you don't have anyone supporting you. This could be because you simply didn't tell anyone that you have new life goals. It could also be due to fear of accountability. You need some life-cheerleaders that root you on to victory. These cheerleaders also call you out when you are riding off the tracks. Their support isn't tied to your achievement of your goals but instead their support is firmly tied to you and they want to see you succeed.
The last goal-breaker is that you don't believe in yourself! When you make New Year's resolutions that are super unattainable, and then you fail, you doubt yourself. When this cycle persists, time and again, you fill your head up with negative thoughts and begin believing you aren't capable of accomplishing anything. Self-doubt is powerful.
Now, let's steer this ship back on course with some tips on KEEPING your New Year's resolutions.
Remember that bigger isn't always better.
Set your resolutions as small, attainable, goals. With those small goals, set realistic timelines to achieve them. Avoid "I want to run the Ironman by November" if you've never run more than 2 times a month. Set your goal as "I want to run a 5K by Christmas" and work towards increasing your endurance each week.
If exercising is your goal, reward yourself with a trip to the movies if you go to the gym 3 times a week. When you look forward to rewards, and you feel like they are attainable, you are more likely to work hard to get them!
Tell others about your resolutions.
Finding an accountability partner helps keep your ship on course as they can encourage you for achievements as well as guide you back to the course when you start to stray.
Write your goals down on paper.
Knowing your "WHAT" (goal) is important, but knowing "WHY" can be just as important when it comes to following through on your intentions. Why do you want to lose weight in 2019? When you put the why to the what, you are truly focused on what matters. "I want to lose weight so that I can play with my children without getting tired and show them that hard work is worth it." Now, THAT'S a great goal.
Identifying goal-breakers and goal-makers are equally important pieces to achieving what you set out to accomplish, especially with regards to New Year's resolutions. Make this the year your goals become reality by focusing on these five simple tips.


MINNEAPOLIS -- The Walmart store in Eagan, Minn., is a far cry from what it was five months ago. Gone are the pallets of merchandise that clogged the main aisles. The navy-colored signs have been replaced by a soft blue. Food offerings have tripled. And merchandise shelves are so low shoppers can stand in one corner of the store and see across nearly every department.
"I love it," said Laura Johnson, a nurse who stopped by the store after work recently to pick up a couple of gallons of milk and get advice on netbook and notebook computers from the expanded consumer electronics department.
The overhaul is part of a five-year, companywide effort launched late last year called Project Impact.
The Walmart store in Eagan, Minn., is a far cry from what it was five months ago. Gone are the pallets of merchandise that clogged the main aisles. The navy-colored signs have been replaced by a soft blue. Food offerings have tripled. And merchandise shelves are so low shoppers can stand in one corner of the store and see across nearly every department.
"The store is more organized, I like how it looks. And they have food -- lots more food!" said Johnson, a mother of two teenagers.
The strategy aims not just to make stores look cleaner and more open, but to fine-tune vast product offerings and reframe the way Wal-Mart Stores Inc. markets itself to consumers. In many ways, Wal-Mart has become more like its top competitor -- Target Corp. The strategy comes at a key time.
As the recession widened, Wal-Mart continued to outperform nearly all retailers, including Target, as well as stores that aim for a piece of its business, such as Best Buy, Toys 'R' Us and even smaller specialty chains such as Michael's crafts stores.
Now, the fight is on to keep those shoppers.
Going into the crucial holiday season, Wal-Mart cut prices earlier and on more items.
It dropped prices on best-selling books, such as Stephen King's Under the Dome, to less than $9 online, forcing Amazon and Target to match prices.
It also began selling Nintendo Wii consoles for $149 (if you include a $50 Walmart gift card), $100 less than the price a year ago.
While a Time magazine headline called Project Impact "a move to crush the competition," the company distanced itself from such terms of aggression. "I don't know that it rises to the level of war," said Wal-Mart spokesman John Simley. "It's good, old-fashioned price competition. War implies so many things that I don't think reflect what we're doing."
It's hard not to notice that Walmart stores are looking more and more like Target.
The floors are shiny, the lighting is bright. The vibe of "Action Alley," the main walkway around the store perimeter, has changed. What once evoked a warehouse, grab-and-go treasure hunt that encouraged customers to weave around stacks of deeply discounted merchandise has given way to roomier aisles. Everything is being simplified -- from the number of words on signs to prices.
In recent years, the smiley-face logo has been edged out by what insiders call the "Wal-Mart spark." Staff members have shed bulky smocks in favor of navy shirts and khaki pants, not unlike Target's dress code of red shirt and khaki pants. Wal-Mart also swapped out its tag line: "Always Low Prices. Always."
The new message -- "Save Money. Live Better" -- now in its second full year, shifts the emphasis from low price to get at quality-of-life issues. That's also the focus of Target's motto: "Expect More. Pay Less."
About a third of Wal-Mart's 3,600 U.S. stores have gotten the top-to-bottom redo to date. In central Ohio, the company's store in Newark has undergone a makeover.
Target spokeswoman Susan Kahn said Target remains "completely committed" to its own strategy. "While there are a lot of people trying to make this a contest between Wal-Mart and Target, Wal-Mart clearly is a wonderful company and a formidable competitor who has a lot of appeal to its customers," she said. "But it's not just about Wal-Mart versus Target."
With a hard-charging advertising push in TV and newspaper ads, Target executives say customers are coming back. In November 2008, monthly sales dropped 10.7 percent. This past November's sales were down 1.6 percent, with the number of transactions up, even though cautious shoppers didn't spend as much.
Target also has become more aggressive on pricing, recently launching a price-matching policy (though it won't match some specials).
Wal-Mart's fortunes are changing, too, as consumers slog through the longest recession since the 1930s.
After going a year without seeing a fall in quarterly same-store sales, Wal-Mart experienced back-to-back drops -- a 1.2 percent dip in the second quarter and a 0.4 percent decline in the third, which was reported in mid-November.
While Wal-Mart says Project Impact is driving consumer satisfaction to an all-time high, Wall Street hasn't been so generous. The stock essentially is flat from a year ago.