text:
Q: Can someone show me how to plot Uniform distribution on matlab? I already have this code , which I kinda borrowed from Gaussian distribution and kinda modified it  .
which is as below
[f,x]=hist(rand(1000000,1),50);%# create histogram from a normal distribution.
g=1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-0.5*x.^2);%# pdf of the normal distribution
%#METHOD 2: DIVIDE BY AREA
figure(2)
bar(x,f/trapz(x,f));hold on
plot(x,1,'r');hold off .

Now is there  anything I can change in it to make the red line without separations or no?
Let me know .
Many thanks!!

A: What do you want the red line to be? If you want a constant red line at one, you should use
plot(x,ones(size(x)),'r-')

If you want to plot this against the uniform distribution, normalised to one,
[f,x]=hist(rand(1000000,1),50);
bar(x,f/trapz(x,f));hold on
plot(x,ones(size(x)),'r-');
hold off

Where the division by the integral of the function gives an area under the distribution equal to one.
If you want a Gaussian distribution directly, you should get random numbers from randn instead of rand, e.g.
[f,x]=hist(randn(1000000,1),50)
bar(x,f/trapz(x,f))


With one more farmer taking ill while spraying Lannate at Hunsur taluk, in Mysuru district on Friday, the total number of cases of farmers who have been affected due to the pesticide, since November, has risen to 75.
Meanwhile, farmer organisations have blamed the Agriculture department, for their failure to create awareness about the dangers of using the insecticide.
Ramachandrappa, Assistant Director of Agriculture department, said that the person who had been affected, was discharged from the hospital as his condition improved. "The incident occurred as there was a leak in the tank, which was being used to spray the insecticide. He had vomiting sensation for a while and was treated," he said.
The cases are being reported from villages such as Modur, Bannikuppe, Kattekere, Odambalu and Yeerakyathanahalli villages, he said. He said that there were 42 farm facilitators in the district, who are creating awareness during Grama Sabhas to all farmers. Apart from this, awareness campaigns are being taken up by announcing precautionary measures in an autorickshaw. A temporary facility to create awareness has been set up at Bannikuppe, he said.
Veerabhadrappa, farm facilitator of Modur grama panchayat, said that the insecticide was being used in the region for the past five to six years. However, such a large number of farmers have been affected only recently. "But, the cases are being reported in only few villages. For instance, farmers have been spraying the same insecticide in Harave village of Modur grama panchayat and no one has been taken ill," he said. On why cases continue to be reported, he said that farmers were using the pesticide they have bought in the past. "Sale of Lannate in the open market, has been discontinued," he added.
Badagalapura Nagendra, general secretary of Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha, pinned the blame on Agriculture department and the State government for such incidents. "Such cases are being reported regularly. There are several employees under Agriculture department whose job is to create awareness on insecticides, fertilisers and methods to use them. Since, they have not done their jobs, farmers are taking ill," he complained.
Action should be initiated against Agriculture department officials for their lapses, he said. "While officials admit that more than 70 people have taken ill, it is possible that the number of cases are more and the department is hiding the facts," he alleged.
Agriculture expert, Nanjappa B C said that long term exposure to the insecticide could lead to lung disorders. "Even if the department creates awareness against these insecticides, farmers are not ready to heed their directions, as they want the insects to be destroyed soon. However, there are relatively safer insecticides such as Flame, which is relatively safer to humans and is a good insecticide," he said.
While such cases are being reported for the first time in the district, Lannate has taken its toll on farmers in Gulbarga in the past, he added.
He said that both farmers and the department are to blame for the incident. "However, State government should have the foresight to ban such toxic insecticides," he said, noting that the chemical was banned in developed nations, such as USA.


Infected plants may become discolored (chlorotic) or stunted.
Tiny white to yellow lemon-shaped cyst may be seen on roots starting the end of June and then throughout the rest of the season.
Diseased plants may have rotted root systems.
Yellow and/or brown streaks develop between the leaf veins.
Infection favored by high soil moisture during the vegetative stage and unseasonable cool temperatures.
Fluffy white growth on the outside of infected soybean stems.
Rain, cool temperatures, and moist soils during flowering and early pod set, favor the growth of the fungus.


Tiny pearls in a rainbow of colors packaged in flip top container. Perfect topping for shaker cards and shaker shapes.
Containers are sized 1" x 2" and include a flip top lid.
The pearlie topping set is absolutely perfect. They are even prettier in person with their pearlescent shine. I cant wait to add them to my Princess themed shaker cards. They are going to give the crown and diamond a little extra sparkle!
Love it. Have not been able to use it yet, (tax season gets in the way of crafting) but love it just the same.
They are so Bright and Cheerful. They make all your shaker cards look beautiful.
.These little pearls are beautiful and just the right topping to make your shakers beautiful. I will order again!


Study of female hands, c1472-c1519 (1883). Artist: Leonardo da Vinci.
Study of female hands, drawn with the silverpoint on yellowish tinted paper, heightened with white, c1472-c1519 (1883). From The Literary Works of Leonardo Da Vinci, Vol. 1 by Jean Paul Richter, PH. DR. [Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, London, 1883].


text:
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©2015 .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Latest news: On September 15, 2016, the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development was notified that a four month old Standardbred filly in Clare County tested positive for Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). The filly had developed a sudden fever, was staggering and eventually unable to rise. The filly was not vaccinated against EEE and did die.


text:
using namespace pbrt;

static Float pExp(RNG &rng, Float exp = 8.) {
    Float logu = Lerp(rng.UniformFloat(), -exp, exp);
    return std::pow(10, logu);
}

static Float pUnif(RNG &rng, Float range = 10.) {
    return Lerp(rng.UniformFloat(), -range, range);
}

TEST(Triangle, Watertight) {
    RNG rng(12111);
    int nTheta = 16, nPhi = 16;
    ASSERT_GE(nTheta, 3);
    ASSERT_GE(nPhi, 4);

    // Make a triangle mesh representing a triangulated sphere (with
    // vertices randomly offset along their normal), centered at the
    // origin.
    int nVertices = nTheta * nPhi;
    std::vector<Point3f> vertices;
    for (int t = 0; t < nTheta; ++t) {
        Float theta = Pi * (Float)t / (Float)(nTheta - 1);
        Float cosTheta = std::cos(theta);
        Float sinTheta = std::sin(theta);
        for (int p = 0; p < nPhi; ++p) {
            Float phi = 2 * Pi * (Float)p / (Float)(nPhi - 1);
            Float radius = 1;
            // Make sure all of the top and bottom vertices are coincident.
            if (t == 0)
                vertices.push_back(Point3f(0, 0, radius));
            else if (t == nTheta - 1)
                vertices.push_back(Point3f(0, 0, -radius));
            else if (p == nPhi - 1)
                // Close it up exactly at the end
                vertices.push_back(vertices[vertices.size() - (nPhi - 1)]);
            else {
                radius += 5 * rng.UniformFloat();
                vertices.push_back(
                    Point3f(0, 0, 0) +
                    radius * SphericalDirection(sinTheta, cosTheta, phi));
            }
        }
    }
    EXPECT_EQ(nVertices, vertices.size());

    std::vector<int> indices;
    // fan at top
    auto offset = [nPhi](int t, int p) { return t * nPhi + p; };
    for (int p = 0; p < nPhi - 1; ++p) {
        indices.push_back(offset(0, 0));
        indices.push_back(offset(1, p));
        indices.push_back(offset(1, p + 1));
    }

    // quads in the middle rows
    for (int t = 1; t < nTheta - 2; ++t) {
        for (int p = 0; p < nPhi - 1; ++p) {
            indices.push_back(offset(t, p));
            indices.push_back(offset(t + 1, p));
            indices.push_back(offset(t + 1, p + 1));

            indices.push_back(offset(t, p));
            indices.push_back(offset(t + 1, p + 1));
            indices.push_back(offset(t, p + 1));
        }
    }

    // fan at bottom
    for (int p = 0; p < nPhi - 1; ++p) {
        indices.push_back(offset(nTheta - 1, 0));
        indices.push_back(offset(nTheta - 2, p));
        indices.push_back(offset(nTheta - 2, p + 1));
    }

    Transform identity;
    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Shape>> tris = CreateTriangleMesh(
        &identity, &identity, false, indices.size() / 3, &indices[0], nVertices,
        &vertices[0], nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);

    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        // Choose a random point in sphere of radius 0.5 around the origin.
        Point2f u;
        u[0] = rng.UniformFloat();
        u[1] = rng.UniformFloat();
        Point3f p = Point3f(0, 0, 0) + Float(0.5) * UniformSampleSphere(u);

        // Choose a random direction.
        u[0] = rng.UniformFloat();
        u[1] = rng.UniformFloat();
        Ray r(p, UniformSampleSphere(u));
        int nHits = 0;
        for (const auto &tri : tris) {
            Float tHit;
            SurfaceInteraction isect;
            if (tri->Intersect(r, &tHit, &isect, false)) ++nHits;
        }
        EXPECT_GE(nHits, 1);

        // Now tougher: shoot directly at a vertex.
        Point3f pVertex = vertices[rng.UniformUInt32(vertices.size())];
        r.d = pVertex - r.o;
        nHits = 0;
        for (const auto &tri : tris) {
            Float tHit;
            SurfaceInteraction isect;
            if (tri->Intersect(r, &tHit, &isect, false)) ++nHits;
        }
        EXPECT_GE(nHits, 1) << pVertex;
    }
}

std::shared_ptr<Triangle> GetRandomTriangle(std::function<Float()> value) {
    // Triangle vertices
    Point3f v[3];
    for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
        for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k) v[j][k] = value();

    if ((Cross(v[1] - v[0], v[2] - v[0]).LengthSquared()) < 1e-20)
        // Don't into trouble with ~degenerate triangles.
        return nullptr;

    // Create the corresponding Triangle.
    static Transform identity;
    int indices[3] = {0, 1, 2};
    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Shape>> triVec =
        CreateTriangleMesh(&identity, &identity, false, 1, indices, 3, v,
                           nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
    EXPECT_EQ(1, triVec.size());
    std::shared_ptr<Triangle> tri =
        std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Triangle>(triVec[0]);
    EXPECT_NE(tri.get(), nullptr);
    return tri;
}

TEST(Triangle, Reintersect) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        std::shared_ptr<Triangle> tri =
            GetRandomTriangle([&]() { return pExp(rng); });
        if (!tri) continue;

        // Sample a point on the triangle surface to shoot the ray toward.
        Point2f u;
        u[0] = rng.UniformFloat();
        u[1] = rng.UniformFloat();
        Float pdf;
        Interaction pTri = tri->Sample(u, &pdf);

        // Choose a ray origin.
        Point3f o;
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) o[j] = pExp(rng);

        // Intersect the ray with the triangle.
        Ray r(o, pTri.p - o);
        Float tHit;
        SurfaceInteraction isect;
        if (!tri->Intersect(r, &tHit, &isect, false))
            // We should almost always find an intersection, but rarely
            // miss, due to round-off error. Just do another go-around in
            // this case.
            continue;

        // Now trace a bunch of rays leaving the intersection point.
        for (int j = 0; j < 10000; ++j) {
            // Random direction leaving the intersection point.
            Point2f u;
            u[0] = rng.UniformFloat();
            u[1] = rng.UniformFloat();
            Vector3f w = UniformSampleSphere(u);
            Ray rOut = isect.SpawnRay(w);
            EXPECT_FALSE(tri->IntersectP(rOut));

            SurfaceInteraction spawnIsect;
            Float tHit;
            EXPECT_FALSE(tri->Intersect(rOut, &tHit, &isect, false));

            // Choose a random point to trace rays to.
            Point3f p2;
            for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k) p2[k] = pExp(rng);
            rOut = isect.SpawnRayTo(p2);

            EXPECT_FALSE(tri->IntersectP(rOut));
            EXPECT_FALSE(tri->Intersect(rOut, &tHit, &isect, false));
        }
    }
}

// Computes the projected solid angle subtended by a series of random
// triangles both using uniform spherical sampling as well as
// Triangle::Sample(), in order to verify Triangle::Sample().
TEST(Triangle, Sampling) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 30; ++i) {
        const Float range = 10;
        RNG rng(i);
        std::shared_ptr<Triangle> tri =
            GetRandomTriangle([&]() { return pUnif(rng, range); });
        if (!tri) continue;

        // Ensure that the reference point isn't too close to the
        // triangle's surface (which makes the Monte Carlo stuff have more
        // variance, thus requiring more samples).
        Point3f pc{pUnif(rng, range), pUnif(rng, range), pUnif(rng, range)};
        pc[rng.UniformUInt32() % 3] =
            rng.UniformFloat() > .5 ? (-range - 3) : (range + 3);

        // Compute reference value using Monte Carlo with uniform spherical
        // sampling.
        const int count = 512 * 1024;
        int hits = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
            Point2f u{RadicalInverse(0, j), RadicalInverse(1, j)};
            Vector3f w = UniformSampleSphere(u);
            if (tri->IntersectP(Ray(pc, w))) ++hits;
        }
        double unifEstimate = hits / double(count * UniformSpherePdf());

        // Now use Triangle::Sample()...
        Interaction ref(pc, Normal3f(), Vector3f(), Vector3f(0, 0, 1), 0,
                        MediumInterface{});
        double triSampleEstimate = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
            Point2f u{RadicalInverse(0, j), RadicalInverse(1, j)};
            Float pdf;
            Interaction pTri = tri->Sample(ref, u, &pdf);
            EXPECT_GT(pdf, 0);
            triSampleEstimate += 1. / (count * pdf);
        }

        // Now make sure that the two computed solid angle values are
        // fairly close.
        // Absolute error for small solid angles, relative for large.
        auto error = [](Float a, Float b) {
            if (std::abs(a) < 1e-4 || std::abs(b) < 1e-4)
                return std::abs(a - b);
            return std::abs((a - b) / b);
        };

        // Don't compare really small triangles, since uniform sampling
        // doesn't get a good estimate for them.
        if (triSampleEstimate > 1e-3)
            // The error tolerance is fairly large so that we can use a
            // reasonable number of samples.  It has been verified that for
            // larger numbers of Monte Carlo samples, the error continues to
            // tighten.
            EXPECT_LT(error(triSampleEstimate, unifEstimate), .1)
                << "Unif sampling: " << unifEstimate
                << ", triangle sampling: " << triSampleEstimate
                << ", tri index " << i;
    }
}

// Checks the closed-form solid angle computation for triangles against a
// Monte Carlo estimate of it.
TEST(Triangle, SolidAngle) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
        const Float range = 10;
        RNG rng(100 +
                i);  // Use different triangles than the Triangle/Sample test.
        std::shared_ptr<Triangle> tri =
            GetRandomTriangle([&]() { return pUnif(rng, range); });
        if (!tri) continue;

        // Ensure that the reference point isn't too close to the
        // triangle's surface (which makes the Monte Carlo stuff have more
        // variance, thus requiring more samples).
        Point3f pc{pUnif(rng, range), pUnif(rng, range), pUnif(rng, range)};
        pc[rng.UniformUInt32() % 3] =
            rng.UniformFloat() > .5 ? (-range - 3) : (range + 3);

        // Compute a reference value using Triangle::Sample()
        const int count = 64 * 1024;
        Interaction ref(pc, Normal3f(), Vector3f(), Vector3f(0, 0, 1), 0,
                        MediumInterface{});
        double triSampleEstimate = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
            Point2f u{RadicalInverse(0, j), RadicalInverse(1, j)};
            Float pdf;
            (void)tri->Sample(ref, u, &pdf);
            EXPECT_GT(pdf, 0);
            triSampleEstimate += 1. / (count * pdf);
        }

        auto error = [](Float a, Float b) {
            if (std::abs(a) < 1e-4 || std::abs(b) < 1e-4)
                return std::abs(a - b);
            return std::abs((a - b) / b);
        };

        // Now compute the subtended solid angle of the triangle in closed
        // form.
        Float sphericalArea = tri->SolidAngle(pc);

        EXPECT_LT(error(sphericalArea, triSampleEstimate), .015)
            << "spherical area: " << sphericalArea
            << ", tri sampling: " << triSampleEstimate << ", pc = " << pc
            << ", tri index " << i;
    }
}

// Use Quasi Monte Carlo with uniform sphere sampling to esimate the solid
// angle subtended by the given shape from the given point.
static Float mcSolidAngle(const Point3f &p, const Shape &shape, int nSamples) {
    int nHits = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nSamples; ++i) {
        Point2f u{RadicalInverse(0, i), RadicalInverse(1, i)};
        Vector3f w = UniformSampleSphere(u);
        if (shape.IntersectP(Ray(p, w), false)) ++nHits;
    }
    return nHits / (UniformSpherePdf() * nSamples);
}

TEST(Sphere, SolidAngle) {
    Transform tr = Translate(Vector3f(1, .5, -.8)) * RotateX(30);
    Transform trInv = Inverse(tr);
    Sphere sphere(&tr, &trInv, false, 1, -1, 1, 360);

    // Make sure we get a subtended solid angle of 4pi for a point
    // inside the sphere.
    Point3f pInside(1, .9, -.8);
    const int nSamples = 128 * 1024;
    EXPECT_LT(std::abs(mcSolidAngle(pInside, sphere, nSamples) - 4 * Pi), .01);
    EXPECT_LT(std::abs(sphere.SolidAngle(pInside, nSamples) - 4 * Pi), .01);

    // Now try a point outside the sphere
    Point3f p(-.25, -1, .8);
    Float mcSA = mcSolidAngle(p, sphere, nSamples);
    Float sphereSA = sphere.SolidAngle(p, nSamples);
    EXPECT_LT(std::abs(mcSA - sphereSA), .001);
}

TEST(Cylinder, SolidAngle) {
    Transform tr = Translate(Vector3f(1, .5, -.8)) * RotateX(30);
    Transform trInv = Inverse(tr);
    Cylinder cyl(&tr, &trInv, false, .25, -1, 1, 360.);

    Point3f p(.5, .25, .5);
    const int nSamples = 128 * 1024;
    Float solidAngle = mcSolidAngle(p, cyl, nSamples);
    EXPECT_LT(std::abs(solidAngle - cyl.SolidAngle(p, nSamples)), .001);
}

TEST(Disk, SolidAngle) {
    Transform tr = Translate(Vector3f(1, .5, -.8)) * RotateX(30);
    Transform trInv = Inverse(tr);
    Disk disk(&tr, &trInv, false, 0, 1.25, 0, 360);

    Point3f p(.5, -.8, .5);
    const int nSamples = 128 * 1024;
    Float solidAngle = mcSolidAngle(p, disk, nSamples);
    EXPECT_LT(std::abs(solidAngle - disk.SolidAngle(p, nSamples)), .001);
}

// Check for incorrect self-intersection: assumes that the shape is convex,
// such that if the dot product of an outgoing ray and the surface normal
// at a point is positive, then a ray leaving that point in that direction
// should never intersect the shape.
static void TestReintersectConvex(Shape &shape, RNG &rng) {
    // Ray origin
    Point3f o;
    for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) o[c] = pExp(rng);

    // Destination: a random point in the shape's bounding box.
    Bounds3f bbox = shape.WorldBound();
    Point3f t;
    for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) t[c] = rng.UniformFloat();
    Point3f p2 = bbox.Lerp(t);

    // Ray to intersect with the shape.
    Ray r(o, p2 - o);
    if (rng.UniformFloat() < .5) r.d = Normalize(r.d);

    // We should usually (but not always) find an intersection.
    SurfaceInteraction isect;
    Float tHit;
    if (!shape.Intersect(r, &tHit, &isect, false)) return;

    // Now trace a bunch of rays leaving the intersection point.
    for (int j = 0; j < 10000; ++j) {
        // Random direction leaving the intersection point.
        Point2f u;
        u[0] = rng.UniformFloat();
        u[1] = rng.UniformFloat();
        Vector3f w = UniformSampleSphere(u);
        // Make sure it's in the same hemisphere as the surface normal.
        w = Faceforward(w, isect.n);
        Ray rOut = isect.SpawnRay(w);
        EXPECT_FALSE(shape.IntersectP(rOut, false));

        SurfaceInteraction spawnIsect;
        Float spawnTHit;
        EXPECT_FALSE(shape.Intersect(rOut, &spawnTHit, &spawnIsect, false));

        // Choose a random point to trace rays to.
        Point3f p2;
        for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) p2[c] = pExp(rng);
        // Make sure that the point we're tracing rays toward is in the
        // hemisphere about the intersection point's surface normal.
        w = p2 - isect.p;
        w = Faceforward(w, isect.n);
        p2 = isect.p + w;
        rOut = isect.SpawnRayTo(p2);

        EXPECT_FALSE(shape.IntersectP(rOut, false));
        EXPECT_FALSE(shape.Intersect(rOut, &tHit, &isect, false));
    }
}

TEST(FullSphere, Reintersect) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        Transform identity;
        Float radius = pExp(rng, 4);
        Float zMin = -radius;
        Float zMax = radius;
        Float phiMax = 360;
        Sphere sphere(&identity, &identity, false, radius, zMin, zMax, phiMax);

        TestReintersectConvex(sphere, rng);
    }
}

TEST(ParialSphere, Normal) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        Transform identity;
        Float radius = pExp(rng, 4);
        Float zMin = rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5
                         ? -radius
                         : Lerp(rng.UniformFloat(), -radius, radius);
        Float zMax = rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5
                         ? radius
                         : Lerp(rng.UniformFloat(), -radius, radius);
        Float phiMax =
            rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5 ? 360. : rng.UniformFloat() * 360.;
        Sphere sphere(&identity, &identity, false, radius, zMin, zMax, phiMax);

        // Ray origin
        Point3f o;
        for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) o[c] = pExp(rng);

        // Destination: a random point in the shape's bounding box.
        Bounds3f bbox = sphere.WorldBound();
        Point3f t;
        for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) t[c] = rng.UniformFloat();
        Point3f p2 = bbox.Lerp(t);

        // Ray to intersect with the shape.
        Ray r(o, p2 - o);
        if (rng.UniformFloat() < .5) r.d = Normalize(r.d);

        // We should usually (but not always) find an intersection.
        SurfaceInteraction isect;
        Float tHit;
        if (!sphere.Intersect(r, &tHit, &isect, false)) continue;

        Float dot = Dot(Normalize(isect.n), Normalize(Vector3f(isect.p)));
        EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1., dot);
    }
}

TEST(PartialSphere, Reintersect) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        Transform identity;
        Float radius = pExp(rng, 4);
        Float zMin = rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5
                         ? -radius
                         : Lerp(rng.UniformFloat(), -radius, radius);
        Float zMax = rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5
                         ? radius
                         : Lerp(rng.UniformFloat(), -radius, radius);
        Float phiMax =
            rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5 ? 360. : rng.UniformFloat() * 360.;
        Sphere sphere(&identity, &identity, false, radius, zMin, zMax, phiMax);

        TestReintersectConvex(sphere, rng);
    }
}

TEST(Cylinder, Reintersect) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        Transform identity;
        Float radius = pExp(rng, 4);
        Float zMin = pExp(rng, 4) * (rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5 ? -1 : 1);
        Float zMax = pExp(rng, 4) * (rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5 ? -1 : 1);
        Float phiMax =
            rng.UniformFloat() < 0.5 ? 360. : rng.UniformFloat() * 360.;
        Cylinder cyl(&identity, &identity, false, radius, zMin, zMax, phiMax);

        TestReintersectConvex(cyl, rng);
    }
}

#if 0
TEST(Cone, Reintersect) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        Transform identity;
        Float height = p(rng, 4);
        Float radius = p(rng, 4);
        Float phiMax = 360;
        Cone cone(&identity, &identity, false, height, radius, phiMax);

        TestReintersectConvex(cone, rng);
    }
}

TEST(Paraboloid, Reintersect) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
        RNG rng(i);
        Transform identity;
        Float radius = p(rng, 4);
        Float z0 = p(rng, 4);
        Float z1 = p(rng, 4);
        Float phiMax = 360;
        Paraboloid paraboloid(&identity, &identity, false, radius,
                              z0, z1, phiMax);

        TestReintersectConvex(paraboloid, rng);
    }
}
#endif

TEST(Triangle, BadCases) {
    Transform identity;
    int indices[3] = { 0, 1, 2 };
    Point3f p[3] = {  Point3f( -1113.45459, -79.049614, -56.2431908),
                      Point3f(-1113.45459, -87.0922699, -56.2431908),
                      Point3f(-1113.45459, -79.2090149, -56.2431908) };
    auto mesh = CreateTriangleMesh(&identity, &identity, false,
                                   1, indices, 3, p, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
                                   nullptr, nullptr);

    Ray ray(Point3f( -1081.47925, 99.9999542, 87.7701111),
            Vector3f(-32.1072998, -183.355865, -144.607635), 0.9999);
    Float thit;
    SurfaceInteraction isect;
    EXPECT_FALSE(mesh[0]->Intersect(ray, &thit, &isect));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: yii update one attribute without using model save I need update the attribute count ($file->count) in the file model, as i have set the aftersave() function about this file model. when I update other file's attributes do save() model it will call the aftersave() later.
But when update the count attribute and save(), it need skip the aftersave().
How can I do it, Can I only save the count attribute without use save(), or set the condition on the aftersave() to skip the aftersave()

A: Use saveAttributes method.

Saves a selected list of attributes. Unlike save, this method only saves the specified attributes of an existing row dataset and does NOT call either beforeSave or afterSave. Also note that this method does neither attribute filtering nor validation. So do not use this method with untrusted data (such as user posted data). You may consider the following alternative if you want to do so:

http://www.yiiframework.com/doc/api/1.1/CActiveRecord#saveAttributes-detail

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Is it for you? If you have any dreams of competing, this is a good way to go. Many MMA fighters use Muay Thai as the basis for their striking game and amateur kickboxing matches aren't hard to come by. If you're already flexible, you'll probably have an easier time at the start, especially with the kicks. From a self-defense standpoint, it's in the middle of the pack in terms of practicality.
The Systems Training Center gyms were created to offer high quality classes in boxing, kickboxing/Muay Thai, BJJ (Brazilian Jiu Jitsu), Krav Maga, CrossFit, HIIT Fit (High Intensive Interval Training), Combat conditioning, yoga for adults and kids martial arts classes, including kids BJJ and kids Krav Maga. Our vision when we opened was to create a safe, fun and empowering home away from home for people of all ages, backgrounds, and ethnicities. Systems Training Center has a well-known MMA team with fighters competing in some of the top MMA organizations, such as the UFC, Bellator, and LFA. This makes for high-quality classes, taught by some of the best coaches in the world!
Along with peanut butter and jelly, mixed martial arts (MMA for short) is proof positive awesome things happen when worlds collide. MMA takes different fighting disciplines — boxing, Jiu-Jitsu, wrestling, you name it — and combines them into an unpredictable combat system. Contenders can mix and match elements from literally any martial art on Earth, and the result is a tough, intense sport and a kick-ass workout.
In March 1997, the Iowa Athletic Commission officially sanctioned Battlecade Extreme Fighting under a modified form of its existing rules for Shootfighting. These rules created the three 5 minute round, one-minute break format, and mandated shootfighting gloves, as well as weight classes, for the first time. Illegal blows were listed as groin strikes, head butting, biting, eye gouging, hair pulling, striking an opponent with an elbow while the opponent is on the mat, kidney strikes, and striking the back of the head with closed fist. Holding onto the ring or cage for any reason was defined as a foul.[50][51] While there are minor differences between these and the final Unified Rules, notably regarding elbow strikes, the Iowa rules allowed mixed martial arts promoters to conduct essentially modern events legally, anywhere in the state. On March 28, 1997, Extreme Fighting 4 was held under these rules, making it the first show conducted under a version of the modern rules.
According to the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts, an MMA competition or exhibition may be held in a ring or a fenced area. The fenced area can be round or have at least six sides. Cages vary: some replace the metal fencing with a net, others have a different shape from an octagon, as the term "the Octagon" is trademarked by the UFC (though the 8-sided shape itself is not trademarked).[93] The fenced area is called a cage generically, or a hexagon, an octagon or an octagon cage, depending on the shape.
Is that even possible for the average guy or gal? I say yes! Wait a second…. What's that you say? You only have a couple Kettlebells and your back yard? You don't own a heavy bag nor do you have access to an octagon. Well, guess what? Today is your lucky day! I've devised a UFC / MMA "inspired" Workout for members of Rich Man's Gym and it's progressive, which means you can incorporate this into almost any fitness level.
The first thing you should always do is start your MMA workout with some shadow boxing. This is done best in front of a mirror so that you can see your style of striking and the improvements you need to make while striking. If you're new to shadow boxing, a good rule of thumb is to always finish your punching combinations with knees or kicks. If you're a boxer then don't worry about knees or kicks, just work on your punching combinations and your flow. Visualize the opponent in front of you and moved to create angles that could be used in a real life situation. Don't be stagnant with your movement, allow yourself to be comfortable so that you can become more confident with your flow.
Hey I'm a 19 year old training to become an mma fighter. I dropped out of college to pursue this passion. I still have a job but only work Fri Sat Sun and have the rest of the week to train. I currently do 2 days of strength and conditioning/jiu jitsu, 2 days of jiu jitsu/muay thai and 1 day of just strength and conditioning. So I basically do 2-a-days 4 days a week, but I'm limited to 1 workout Friday because of work. Does this sound like a decent schedule? My coach said I could incorporate sprint training during the dead space between jiu jitsu and muay thai on the days I'm doing those. Would that maybe be too much on top of the stuff I'm already doing? He said because I'm young it's hard for me to overtrain.
"I love jiu-jitsu ... I started out as a jiu-jitsu guy. I never claimed that I'm some world-class striker, that's everybody else. I've always said I'm a jiu-jitsu guy at heart, that's how I started. And I'm more than happy to get into a grappling battle with Jon. I think that Jon puts everything together really really well. He's really smart, he makes really good decisions, especially on the fly. But in a jiu-jitsu match, I don't think there's a world that exists that Jon Jones beats me in jiu-jitsu. It just doesn't happen." h/t MMA News • Listen to UFC Unfiltered Podcast
With a law degree, there are many ways that you can fight racism, including practicing civil rights law, immigration law, and criminal defense. If someone is denied housing, or a job opportunity because of their race, you can help them by prosecuting the offender. If discriminatory laws are in place that disproportionately affect minority populations, or violate their civil rights, you can challenge these laws all the way up to the Supreme Court. As a legal advocate, you have the power to pursue justice for the victims of hate crimes.
No Contest: in the event that both fighters commit a violation of the rules, or a fighter is unable to continue due to an injury from an accidental illegal technique, the match will be declared a "No Contest", except in the case of a technical decision in the unified rules. A result can also be overturned to a no contest if the fighter that was originally victorious fails a post fight drug test for banned substances.
Happy New Years from the In Fighting Shape podcast! Have questions on what your New Year's resolution could be? Comedian and actor, Wil Slyvince rejoins the podcast to talk just that and other topics such as began vegan, hanging out with fellow comedians, and his opinions on what's going on. Be a better you, after listening to podcast episode 71 of In Fighting Shape.
Jeremy Pacatiw has represented the Philippines inside the Brave cage in Brazil, India, Morocco, and Pakistan, and is excited to be coming home, as the world's only truly global mixed martial arts organization lands in Manila: "I learned a lot in this sport. The discipline, attitude, mental toughness, humility. All of those things changed my life. It changed the way I view life and my way of life as well. Now I'm able to support myself, help my parents, buy my own things. I want to inspire others through sport. I want to show the youth that all things are possible. I feel like I need to be a good example for the next generation and I think that starts with respect. ... I always took my losses as a success, because I've learned a lot from them. They give me motivation, they're a stepping stone to my eventual success."
Start networking. Get online and start building a presence for yourself as an amateur fighter. Get your name out there. Attend UFC fights and make contacts in the sport, join message boards and participate as much as you can in the community. If you want to become a professional mixed martial artist, you've got to make your life revolve around the sport.
Another obvious area of importance for MMA fighters is strength training. Unlike body builders, most MMA fighters don't want to lift weights in a manner that will see them bulk up too much. MMA fighters are more interested in gaining strength in multiple muscle groups while also maintaining flexibility to remain competitive in wrestling and grappling. Many MMA fighters use very basic exercises like push ups, pull ups, squats and other calisthenics in order to work large muscle groups at the same time.
Simply learning how to use a fighting stance is not enough to win a fight. You will need to remember to stick to the fundamental techniques of self defense. For example, always keep both of your hands up when fighting with your opponent. Avoid the natural tendency to lower your hands when fighting. This will leave you wide open to a possible counter attack in a hand to hand combat situation. Remember, when executing a punch or strike to always keep your other hand up to either defend against a counter strike or follow up with another strike. One of the best ways to train yourself to keep your hands up when fighting is through simulated street fighting, full contact sparring sessions and punching bag workouts.
I'd started putting together a weight routine to go with my MMA training and I'm surprised how similar it is to this. What I was going for was based more on stronglifts / starting strength however, If you woulnd't mind giving opinions on it. It was one of the AxBxAxx style routines, with two of the x being martial arts training. So week 1 would be AmBmAxx week 2 BmAmBxx
NSAC chairman Anthony A. Marnell III: "We will be releasing the Jon Jones tests, but we will not do that until sometime very, very close to the night of the fight. So if you could stop requesting that data from the executive director, it would be helpful because it's not going to come out until we're ready to send it out and have all of that properly put together – but it will be published before the fight." h/t MMAjunkie
There are multiple contrasting studies on whether the addition of more frequent high intensity endurance training yielded any performance improvements. Some researchers found athletes that don't respond well to high volume low-intensity training showed greater improvements when they increased their frequency and volume of high intensity training. However on the contrary, the benefits of performing more high intensity training in already well-trained athletes, are limited.
You say you're a streetfighter/boxer right? And female? Mother of two kids? Who are you tell anyone of any height or weight that shouldn't learn some self defence? You're no better that told that poor woman which clearly asked for logical and practical advice on protecting herself as what anger management will accomplish? How will it accomplish if she is the one been physically attacked. I'm a short woman myself and fought many in my time and still kicking. I've fought both girls and guys but I rather to train with guys as gives me the drive to become stronger. Yes, they're stronger and taller than I am but that don't stop me from actually finding a way and beating their ass which I have. The men fear me in my dojo because I've proven no matter how short fat skinny masculine or gender. It is the spirit of the individuals strength and determination. I train in Hapkido, taekwondo, muay Thai kickboxing and cage even done boxing too. I'm respected where I train, and I train with men that enjoy doing it with me and I ain't afraid to take a hit even dish it. I'm ashamed and disappointed in your view as any proper teacher would not be pleased with your opinions. Seems to be, you'll never understand the concept what she is experiencing as never had to worry due to the fact you had to be one of those enjoyed going around beating others. As for women love violence, what a load of shit! Again, you must be implying those who are beaten by thier spouses must loved been treated that way, or victims of rape/murder must loved it too. You had hypocrited yourself, and shamed your so called femininity.
Integrate explosive resistance training. Fighter training is all about explosive power, and resistance training is an effective way to improve this. Granted, every weightlifting session doesn't have to focus on power, but try to incorporate this type of training, utilizing plyometrics, such as box jumps or medicine ball thrusts, or powerlifting techniques, once or twice a week. Perform two to four sets of six to 10 reps for each plyometric exercise.
Offering men�s programs, women�s programs and youth programs, from kickboxing and self-defense to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, our selection will fit the needs of beginners to advanced students. Elite MMA schools includes four facilities conveniently located around the greater Houston area and offer weekday, night and weekend classes taught by certified and caring instructors. We offer a complimentary private lesson to potential members and tours of our facilities, come see why Elite MMA is the right school for you.
And most importantly, exactly what to do, how to do it, and when – choose between an 8, 12 and 16 week training template to follow that outlines everything including: intervals, cardio, bodyweight circuits, medicine ball training, weight training, core, NRG System Complexes and more, with exact reps, sets, rest periods and every detail you need to reach your physical potential
The integration phase is where a technique is integrated into "unlimited", live, random training. In the previous isolation phase techniques are practiced in limited sparring, so a practitioner should already understand and be able to apply techniques in a live situation. The primary difference between the isolation and integration phase is that in the integration phase all techniques and ranges are allowed.
Barack Obama – Obama is, of course, best known as the 44th President of the United States, and the first black president, which is in itself a significant step forward in the fight against racism. Prior to the presidency, Obama's political career included positions as State Senator of Illinois, and U.S. Senator. Prior to all of that, Obama studied English literature as an undergrad, was a Civil Rights lawyer and professor of constitutional law, and was a community organizer.
The FMMAP is recognized by the Portuguese government as a non-profit sports federation and oversees Amateur MMA competition and coaching nationally. Based in Vila do Conde, the Federação de Mixed Martial Arts de Portugal (FMMAP) was founded as a collaborative effort between six existing non-profit organizations in 2012, as Portugal's first dedicated MMA Federation. This is in line with government requirements for all sport federations in Portugal which stipulates that they consist of at least three associated, non-profit groups. The composite FMMAP organisations are all involved in the coaching and promotion of MMA with a shared goal for the amateur sport, but come from various martial arts that include Karate, Kickboxing, Muay Thai, Pankration Athlima, Mixed Martial Arts, Jeet Kune Do, Freestyle martial arts, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Wrestling. Affiliated groups at launch were AAMU - Associação Artes Marciais, Associação de Artes Marciais e Desportos de Combate (Açores), Associação Areagon (Chaves City), Associação Mirandelense de Artes Orientais (Mirandela City), Associação Portuguesa de Ciências de Combate/JKD Unlimited Portugal (Lisbon City), KMD MMA system (Porto City), Barcelos Gym (Barcelos City). The FMMAP is affiliated to the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation (IMMAF).[247][248][249]
What seems to be more important is the sparing use of these high intensity intervals outside of MMA training. By the way of training periodization, and the principle of specificity, the majority of the high intensity intervals should be performed few weeks out before the fight. Performing a high volume of high intensity training year round hinders a fighter's ability to improve their skills and stay injury-free.
This is a bit late but I would recommend training with weapons, not just fire arms but edge and impact (IE) knives and sticks. A good blade and a solid harden steel collapsible baton are hell of good equalizers in a fight. A High Lumans tactical flashlight with a harden impact head can stop multiple opponents with a less leather option, it even works in the day light. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzN_6P-V7K4
Doctor Stoppage/Cut: the referee will call for a time out if a fighter's ability to continue is in question as a result of apparent injuries, such as a large cut. The ring doctor will inspect the fighter and stop the match if the fighter is deemed unable to continue safely, rendering the opponent the winner. However, if the match is stopped as a result of an injury from illegal actions by the opponent, either a disqualification or no contest will be issued instead.
IMHO Judo is legit for self defence. Hell, I know what's coming and still it's disconcerting to see your world spin and end up on your back. Yeah, no striking. Yeah it's sport orientated (BJJ is at risk of going that way as well). Still, throwing dumb motherfuckers hard on solid ground is a fight stopper. Judoka like to say "nobody hits as hard as the Earth"
The best MMA training programs cover a range of skills. Gone are the days where one-dimensional grapplers submitted strikers with no knowledge of the ground game. While fighters will normally favor one area of fighting, a well-rounded fighter needs to be able to survive in every area of the game or face being overwhelmed outside his comfort zone. Furthermore, he will need to be able to put the separate aspects of the game together in actual MMA sessions.
MMA is officially sanctioned by the government and sports authorities of Taiwan and numerous Taiwanese MMA fighters are currently training and competing at international level, with several in the UFC and other MMA organizations. Many major international MMA fights are held at stadiums in Taiwan every year. Additionally, many martial arts schools and gyms in Taiwan provide professional level MMA training.
In the United States, professional MMA is overseen by the Association of Boxing Commissions.[270] According to the Associations of Boxing Commissions, professional MMA competitions are allowed in all states.[212] Alaska has no boxing or athletic commission. Montana has a state athletic commission, although it does not regulate MMA. However, MMA is legal in both states. West Virginia became the 44th state to regulate mixed martial arts on March 24, 2011.[271] On March 8, 2012, Wyoming became the 45th state to regulate MMA.[272] On May 4, 2012, it was announced that Vermont had become the 46th state to regulate MMA.[273] Legislation allowing MMA in Connecticut came into effect on October 1, 2013, making it the 47th state to regulate the sport.[274] On March 22, 2016, the New York State Assembly voted to lift the State's 1997 ban on MMA and on April 14, 2016 Governor Cuomo signed the bill legalizing and regulating the sport into law.[275][276]
Solutions offered by Fit To Fight® include, but are not limited to, active and passive measures not meant only to "harden" targets, but rather to create zones less likely to be seen as targets. This will be accomplished by employing a series of measures making these "zones" less appealing to potential assailants. Fit To Fight®'s Active Killer Defense™ is designed as a dynamic training modality, involving physical defensive tactics training, realistic scenario training, and lectures. The end goal is to create safer and more secure schools, businesses, churches and communities.
The best diet for losing weight is Weight Watchers, according to the experts who rated the diets below for U.S. News. Volumetrics came in second, and the Flexitarian Diet, Jenny Craig and the vegan diet were third on this overall weight loss ranking list, which takes into account short-term and long-term weight loss scores. Some other diets performed as well or better in our rankings for enabling fast weight loss, but long-term weight loss is more important for your health.
Robert King: No. Originally we thought the year would be about optimism and trying to find a way out of the thicket of politics. But when we all discussed it, we realized that wouldn't be true to Diane's character. Diane, a diehard liberal, would be going crazy this year. So we decided to make this season not so much about Trump as Diane's reaction to Trump. It's probably our most first-person season, because you're not sure if what you're seeing is reality or Diane's micro-dosing (drug use) reaction to reality.
I currently do 4 days of MMA training, Mon, Tues, Thurs, Fri. Im looking for a well balanced gym routine. We do strength training in my gym which we do with bodyweight (pushups, situps, squats, etc) in 2 - 3 min rounds. i tried going to the gym but may have pushed to hard and was out of training for a day. this looks like doable with my schedule, but i want to target more muscle groups.
Professional fights are 3 x 5 minute rounds with 1 minute rest in between rounds and Championship bouts are 5 x 5 minute rounds with 1 minute rest in between rounds. Amateur fights are slightly shorter, generally 3 x 3 minutes or less. A 15 minute or 25 minute fight then, requires a full spectrum of endurance capabilities. A respectable aerobic energy system must be developed to last the whole duration of the fight, while the short, repeated bursts of high-intensity action require a degree of anaerobic capacity and neuromuscular-alactic power.
If you prefer to work on a larger scale, a social work degree can allow you to manage and even found assistance programs for underprivileged populations that have been victimized by systemic racism. You could be a community organizer and work with the local government to help fund and promote assistance programs, and implement real change at the social level by helping people access the resources they need to get ahead and succeed in life.
Starting in the boxing stance, squat slightly and twist your body to the left while pivoting your right foot. As you turn, bring your right arm and fist up, toward your target. Then pull your elbow back and reassume the boxing stance. Next, throw a left uppercut: Keeping your knees slightly bent, pivot to the left with your right foot while twisting your body to the left. Then, keeping your weight forward, twist back to the right toward your target while bringing your left arm and fist up. Repeat the movements, alternating between them, for 30 seconds.
Scenario training involves setting up a situation that mirrors a real assault. It's done in real environments with regular clothing and includes role playing so there is a designated attacker and designated victim. Although it is set up, if and when things get physical it should be live and "unlimited". Scenario training is a drill for the integration phase. Ideally, scenario training should involve at least 3 people. An instructor needs to design and set up the scenario and he or someone else should monitor how it goes down. There should be at least one attacker and one victim, and ideally a bystander or two that can be worked into the scenario.
While you can't depend on boxing solely as a skill, it is an important part of MMA training. The advantage of sharpening your boxing skill set is that you will improve your hand skills, and boxing includes a great deal of conditioning that will make you a stronger MMA fighter. Find an MMA gym with skilled boxing coaches that offer classes ranging from beginning skills to professional-level boxing. However, don't expect to simply rely on those boxing skills. Many a tough boxer has been thrown to the ground by an expert wrestler.
Freeze – never end up here… when you are so shocked that you don't know how to react…. imagine some 6'9″ 300 lbs muscled up bad dude yelling at your face in threatening manner or like standing few inches away from grizzly bear (assuming the bear is behind the zoo cage) but still… your brain will be filled with rush, fear, anxiety, freeze, etc… understand yourself… understand what you are fearful of, why and ways to conquer that.
The clinch or "plum" of a Muay Thai fighter is often used to improve the accuracy of knees and elbows by physically controlling the position of the opponent. Anderson Silva is well known for his devastating Muay Thai clinch. He defeated UFC middle weight champion Rich Franklin using the Muay Thai clinch and kneeing Franklin repeatedly to the body and face - breaking Franklin's nose. In their rematch Silva repeated this and won again.[141]
If you want to learn MMA in Denver and the Front Range, the Easton academies should be your first stop. There's a reason the pros choose us! We offer the best martial arts training in the area, with experienced, professional instructors who will teach you how to dominate in the cage. Easton MMA is a well-rounded program, which will give you a solid range of techniques.
Speed rope training and shadow boxing are staples of a fighter's workout. They burn an insane amount of calories, tone your entire body, and have you gasping for air in minutes. With minimal equipment needed, they can be done almost anywhere. Incorporate these two classic exercises into your weekly workouts to change up stale routines, and maybe, just maybe, you'll be able to last a few rounds with one of the greats.
If the only boxing you've done involved a crate of oranges, you may want to look for a takedown in a fight-wrestling an opponent off his feet and onto the floor so he can't hit you. "Some guys can get to the legs, but they lack the power to pick an opponent up off his feet to finish the takedown," says Zach Even-Esh, a strength coach to MMA athletes in Edison, NJ. "To improve speed and strength, try the barbell burpee power clean."
7) Training MMA teaches competition. The 2nd best person in a fight is a big ol' loser. "Winning isn't everything!" It is when their are only two of you. Training MMA will bring that winning drive and spirit to the surface, which can be utilized in other aspects of daily life like business and relationships. Competition is good. A person training in MMA will not spar or grapple with too many opponents willing to roll over and lose – it's real competition and everyone wants to win.
The HawaiianMiles rewards program is ideal for those traveling from the United States, Asia and the South Pacific to the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Airlines serves more than 25 domestic and international destinations and provides nonstop daily service to Hawaii from multiple U.S. cities. The HawaiianMiles program offers a variety of ways to earn miles, from booking flights and hotels to shopping at Hawaiian Airlines partner vendors. Earn more miles on everyday purchases by signing up and using the Hawaiian Airlines World Elite Mastercard from Barclays. You can redeem your miles for future hotel stays, car rentals and flights on Hawaiian Airlines and its airline partners, which include JetBlue and Korean Air.
If we ever decide to start naming these awards, The Robbies may be an appropriate start, as it seems that Mr. Robbie Lawler is always a fixture in the Best Fight category. His January win over Carlos Condit is the latest example of his action-packed brilliance, and the fact that we're still talking about it in December shows you just how good this five-round war was.
The Los Angeles Times suggested that Good Fight creators Robert and Michelle King "still had the Good Wife magic" and though Good Wife "had already [run] its course" after seasons 6 and 7 had received mediocre reviews, "they just needed a clean slate" to allow them to continue to mine more stories from that fictional universe.[40] In addition, unlike Good Wife which was centered around "romantic tension" and got bogged down in Alicia Florrick's (Julianne Margulies) love life, Good Fight was considered "refreshing for steering the story the other way" as relationships are "not the plot points that drive the story".[41] Good Fight is regarded as a rare successful example of a TV series spin-off, as other contemporary TV series are either reboots or remakes.[42]
This program will help you maintain or improve the range of motion about your joints and surrounding muscles; reducing the risk of injury and promoting performance. Many times our common hamstring, back and knee pain can be caused from inflexibility and tight structures. Following an organized strteching program can usually eliminate these. Are you an athlete? Being able to move through a full range of motion can increase power output by optimizing biomechanical leverage position.
The Combat Fitness classes at Team Quest MMA in Portland are a cardio blitz designed to give people of all fitness levels a great workout. This class utilizes components of kickboxing, boxing & MMA skills and dynamic conditioning drills using combat principles. This class is perfect for beginners or those looking to shake out the ring rust and get back into fighting shape.
The ANAEROBIC system (aka the glycolytic system), is a faster acting system that can produce ATP even in the absence of oxygen. The downside to this faster ATP-production rate is that it can only breakdown carbohydrates as fuel and it creates a significant amount of lactate (commonly known as lactic acid). Lactate is correlated with exercise and performance fatigue, but the concept is often misinterpreted in the MMA and strength & conditioning world (more on this later). Exercise bouts of moderate to high intensities, lasting upwards to 2-3 minutes are mainly fueled by the anaerobic energy system.
Telegraphing is another thing to keep in mind when using your street fighting techniques. Essentially, telegraphing means unintentionally making your intentions known to your assailant during the fight. There are many subtle forms of telegraphing which must be avoided in when street fighting. Here are just a few: (1) Cocking your arm back prior to punching or striking; (2) Tensing your neck, shoulders or arms prior to striking; (3) Widening your eyes or raising your eyebrows; (4) Shifting your shoulders; (5) Grinning or opening your mouth; (6) Taking a sudden and deep breath. You can find more information about Telegraphing in many of my Instructional Street Fighting DVDS.
Whether you intend to become a newspaper journalist, publishing in print and on the web, or a television reporter, or even an investigative documentarian, a degree in journalism can give you the mix of practical skills and critical knowledge necessary for spreading awareness of racial issues. A strong journalist is not satisfied with merely reporting surface issues, but wants deeper answers, and will do the necessary digging to get them.
"Thank you for your great school. Not only is the instruction great but the entire atmosphere is warm, professional and energizing. I am now living in Orange County (South of L.A) and I am preparing for law school entrance tests. I really miss the Warrior's Cove! Although I had no prior instruction in martial arts, I felt that your school was first class. My belief was confirmed as I tried to find a school to train at here in California. There are many good schools in the area but I wish one of them was yours. I realize now how important it is to learn good positional control skills first, and I appreciate the fact that you hold off on submissions until a degree of skill & experience has been achieved. Those I have talked to here are unfamiliar with such restrictions, and I think It has definitely been to my advantage. We are planning on moving back to MN after a few years out here, and I hope you are still instructing. Sorry the letter is so long, but I wanted to thank you. Take care."
Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki took place in Japan in 1976. The classic match-up between professional boxer and professional wrestler turned sour as each fighter refused to engage in the other's style, and after a 15-round stalemate it was declared a draw. Muhammad Ali sustained a substantial amount of damage to his legs, as Antonio Inoki slide-kicked him continuously for the duration of the bout, causing him to be hospitalized for the next three days.[31] The fight played an important role in the history of mixed martial arts.[32] In Japan, the match inspired Inoki's students Masakatsu Funaki and Minoru Suzuki to found Pancrase in 1993, which in turn inspired the foundation of Pride Fighting Championships in 1997. Pride was acquired by its rival Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2007.[33][34]
FITQUEST combines weightlifting, sprinting, and gymnastics with MMA training movements such as heavy bag training, ground & pound dummy training. FITQUEST says that proficiency is required in each of ten fitness domains: cardiovascular/respiratory endurance, stamina, strength, flexibility, power, speed, agility, balance, coordination, and accuracy. It defines fitness as increased work capacity across all these domains and says its program achieves this by provoking neurologic and hormonal adaptations across all metabolic pathways.
The added incline increases the resistance and makes sure you're recruiting the fast-twitch fibers during the exercise – if they aren't recruited, their endurance won't improve. You'll want to select a resistance that slows the movement down to somewhere between 70-80% of the speed you'd be able to go with no resistance at all. A general rule of thumb is to use somewhere between 20-40% of the maximum resistance, but this really depends on the specific exercise(s) you choose to use for these intervals.
In a recent meta-analysis of the available injury data in MMA, the injury incidence rate was estimated to be 228.7 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (one athlete-exposure is defined as one athlete participating in a single fight).[170] The estimated injury incidence rate in MMA is greater than in other full-contact combat sports such as judo (44.0 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures),[171] taekwondo (79.4 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures),[172] amateur boxing (77.7 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures),[173] and professional boxing (118.0-250.6 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures).[174][175][176][177]
We offer a revolutionary approach to Mixed Martial Arts that you won't find anywhere else! Our MMA is unique because it not only offers the rules based Sport MMA training that became popular in the 1990′s, but more importantly, we also teach Combat MMA optimized for the realities of no rules self defense fighting! We also correct many mistakes that can be found in MMA training today.
"I want to compete in the strawweight division, win this belt and I will do that, mark my words here and now. After that, I will move to the flyweight division. ... I beat Jessica [Andrade] so easily, only with my jab. There is nobody else who has beaten her [at strawweight]. For me, it's 50-50 between her and Rose Namajunas. If Rose Namajunas is going to be smart and use her footwork and distance, she can win this fight. But of course, Jessica Andrade is like a bull in a fight. I cannot wait to face Rose or Andrade, but I would like to face Andrade one more time to show to people that there is only one person that can beat her, and it's me." h/t MMA Fighting • Listen to EuroBash (5:00 min mark)
Diane is hounded by FBI officials over her connections to Tully – a radical left-wing activist she had been sleeping with – and her previous filmed remarks about President Trump on the DNC audition tapes. Diane thinks that she is being bugged, after the prosecutor plays her a tape of her and Tully talking in her bedroom. The FBI interrogate Kurt about the gun he gave Diane, by saying that it is part of his background check. Proving his love and loyalty to Diane, he orders them out of his house, but not before Patrick Baseheart tells him that Diane will be indicted. It becomes clear the federal government are set on prosecuting her to make an example of the firm. Fighting fire with fire, Boseman leaks false information to a Fox News journalist concerning a porn star who slept with the President, alleging she instead was having an affair with the federal prosecutor targeting Diane; the President, who reliably watches Fox & Friends, would be sure to fire him via a tweet within minutes. Meanwhile, Lucca gives birth to a healthy baby boy, who she names Joseph Quinn-Morrello, but her mother sows seeds of doubt in her mind about Colin.
While mixed martial arts was initially practiced almost exclusively by competitive fighters, this is no longer the case. As the sport has become more mainstream and more widely taught, it has become accessible to wider range of practitioners of all ages. Proponents of this sort of training argue that it is safe for anyone, of any age, with varying levels of competitiveness and fitness.[95][96]
Despite all of this, the situation is not so bleak. There is still plenty of work to be done, and there is still hope to be held. We cannot answer the "why" of racism, but we can offer a suggestion on how to fight back: education. Racism is born from ignorance, and education combats ignorance. With that goal in mind, this article highlight the best college and graduate degrees for fighting racism.
MMA is legal in Bahrain. Bahrain National MMA Federation (BNMMAF) has been set up under the patronage of Sheikh Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa and the jurisdiction of the Sports Minister Sheikh Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa.[193] The development of MMA in the nation is convened through KHK MMA, which also owns Brave Combat Federation, which is the largest Mixed Martial Arts promotion in the Middle East.[194] Bahrain will be hosting World MMA Amateurs Championship 2017 supported by International Mixed Martial Arts Federation.[195]
In May 2016, CBS was in final negotiations with Christine Baranski to reprise her role as Diane Lockhart and Cush Jumbo to reprise her role as well.[4] After the series was picked up, it was announced that Jumbo would reprise her role as Lucca Quinn.[7] Deadline announced on September 17, 2016 that Sarah Steele had been added to the cast, returning as Marissa Gold and appearing as Diane Lockhart's secretary-turned-investigator.[9] On October 12, 2016, it was announced that former Game of Thrones star Rose Leslie had been cast to play a lead in the show, the role of Diane's goddaughter Maia who joins Diane's firm just after passing the bar.[5]
The American Airlines AAdvantage program benefits travelers based in cities throughout the United States, such as New York City, Los Angeles, Miami, Chicago and Dallas, who fly to destinations around the world. As an AAdvantage member, you'll earn miles and Elite Qualifying Dollars (EQDs) for every American Airlines, American Eagle and codeshare flight operated by other airlines. You'll also earn award miles and EQDs for flights on Alaska Airlines and affiliated partner carriers through American Airlines' extensive oneworld frequent flyer network, which includes Qantas Airways, British Airways and Qatar Airways. Additionally, members will accrue Elite Qualifying Miles (EQMs) and Elite Qualifying Segments (EQSs) to apply toward achieving elite status. What's more, you can collect miles for everyday purchases if you use any of the Citi / AAdvantage credit cards or AAdvantage Aviator MasterCards. And thanks to American Airlines' relationship with numerous car rental companies, hotel brands and cruise lines, you can also earn AAdvantage miles on a variety of travel expenses.
In preliminary results reported in April 2012 as part of an ongoing study of a 109 professional boxers and MMA fighters being conducted by Dr. Charles Bernick and his colleagues at Cleveland Clinic's Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, fighters with more than six years of ring experience were observed to have reductions in size in their hippocampus and thalamus, while fighters with more than twelve years of ring experience were observed to have both reductions in size and symptoms such as memory loss (the hippocampus and thalamus deal with memory and alertness). Dr. Bernick speculates that the cumulative damage over time from lesser blows may eventually prove an even more important topic of study than that of infrequent concussions.[179]
Set an interval timing app to time five intervals of 30 seconds work and 30 seconds rest. If you're doing the workout without a partner, you'll be pushing yourself as hard as possible during the 30-second work period, then resting during the 30-second rest period. If you're working with a partner, you'll simply switch off, one of you doing your work during the work interval, and the other doing your work during the rest interval:
In Ancient Greece, there was a sport called pankration, which featured a combination of grappling and striking skills similar to those found in modern MMA. Pankration was formed by a combination of the already established wrestling and boxing traditions and, in Olympic terms, first featured in the 33rd Olympiad in 648 BC. All strikes and holds were allowed with the exception of biting and gouging, which were banned. The fighters, called pankratiasts, fought until someone could not continue or signaled submission by raising their index finger; there were no rounds.[11][12] According to E. Norman Gardiner, 'No branch of athletics was more popular than the pankration.'[13] From its origins in Ancient Greece, pankration was later passed on to the Romans.[14]
Since "retirement" it seems GSP has been a busy guy, it's been a few years since Rushfit came out and he's back in the game with Touchfit. This is a mobile training app that'll allow you to do your workouts anywhere, with video demonstrations right on your mobile device. The real beauty here lies in the data, Touchfit keeps track of everything, even your recovery time to make sure that you are avoiding injuries and not overtraining. There are over 500 different video exercises to keep things fresh, yet surprisingly there aren't any lessons on point fighting or laying on top of your opponents. The app is free to download, and then $10 for a yearly subscription, or $2 for a week. You don't have to be making GSP to get this MMA workout.
So many great articles Joel full of information that I would probably not have been able to decipher for several yeas. Cheers for making my work easier. I am a physiotherapist and have worked in professional soccer for several years in England and so much like you say that even at the elite level there is a lot of ineffective training methods been used I tend to agree just from my experience. Keep up the great work and when will the new book be out?
Onnit Academy is the most comprehensive database of information related to Unconventional Training, a unique new form of fitness methodology that focuses on functional strength, conditioning, and agility using the most efficient means and tools possible. The online database includes articles, videos, tutorials, and workouts featuring alternative implements like kettlebells, sandbags, steel maces, steel clubs, battle ropes, and more.
McGregor's surge to dominance could see him potentially lay claim to both the featherweight and lightweight UFC titles. The Irishman makes his welterweight debut against Nate Diaz this Saturday at UFC 196. The Diaz matchup is a consolation bout, concocted in haste after current lightweight champion Rafael Dos Anjos was injured in training. If McGregor wins Saturday, he'll eventually be given the chance to hold two belts simultaneously – a first in UFC history.
Every class has a "go at your own pace" conditioning and warm up phase at the beginning of each class, where you can choose to push yourself to your limits (or take it easy if need be)! Then we go over fighting techniques for 45 minutes. This is followed by our optional Open Gym Training where you tailor your own workout as you wish. The instructors are always available to help you if you have any questions!
"I was very impressed with your program and instructors. I found your school very well taught. I am a police officer (retired) and my daughter is going to school for law enforcement. I know very well that most fights end in ground fighting and wanted her to learn how to defend herself and boost her confidence. Your school fit the bill completely."
Adrian becomes a minor celebrity once he begins appearing as a pundit on a local talk show, but his tenure on air is short lived. Lucca officially informs the partners of her pregnancy, and insists it will not impact her work in any way. Lucca and Colin argue over the start date for a trial after Colin moves for a continuance to the week of Lucca's due date.
In the year 2000, MMA play-by-play commentator Stephen Quadros coined the popular phrase lay and pray. This refers to a situation where a wrestler or grappler keeps another fighter pinned or controlled on the mat to avoid a stand up, yet exhibits little urgency to finish the grounded opponent with a knockout or a submission for the majority or entirety of the fight.[130] The implication of "lay and pray" is that after the wrestler/grappler takes the striker down and 'lays' on him to neutralize the opponent's striking weapons, he 'pray's that the referee does not return them to the standing position. This style is considered by many fans as the most boring style of fighting and is highly criticized for intentionally creating non-action, yet it is effective. Some argue that 'lay-and-pray' is justified and that it is the responsibility of the downed fighter to be able to protect himself from this legitimate fighting technique.[130][131][132][133] Many consider Jon Fitch's style to epitomize 'lay and pray'.[134] Former UFC Welterweight champion Georges St-Pierre has been criticized by fans for playing it safe and applying the lay and pray tactic in his fights,[135] as has Bellator MMA Welterweight champion Ben Askren, who justified the tactic, explaining that championship fights are much harder as are five rounds long, compared with the usual three.[136]
Our Keep-It™ guarantee is valid for the first-time purchase of a formula, and redeemable up to three months (90 days) after the purchase date. Multiple bottles, foods, apparel and gear do not fall under this guarantee, however, they may be applicable for return. Fitness equipment, personal care products, knowledge purchases, digital products, and DVDs are not eligible for return or refund. For more information and a full list of products that qualify, visit our Keep-It™ page. Further details can be found on our Refund Policy support page.
In the first phase we will begin by developing all around general physical preparedness (GPP). In this phase you might notice a lack of exercises specific to MMA or BJJ. This is because we are working on your general fitness. The strength or endurance you develop in this first phase will carry over into any physical activity you do in life, and will form the foundation of the future phases of the program. The conditioning you develop during this time will be maintained through the future phases of training.
Someone who is extremely overweight, out of shape and sedentary will find it difficult to get into shape for fighting in 30 days, but anyone already living a healthy lifestyle should be able to better equip himself to be a competitive fighter in that time. Focus, discipline and motivation are the main characteristics you need to make this large goal doable. A healthy diet, strength training, aerobic exercise and fighting practice are also necessary for success on this challenging journey.
How to: They're often performed on basketball courts, but these sprints can be done anywhere. Set up six markers, each one six yards apart. Sprint from the first line to the second and touch the line with your hand. Run back and touch the first line, then immediately sprint to the third. Back to the first, then to the fourth. Continue and repeat until you can't.
Using their knowledge of ne-waza/ground grappling and tachi-waza/standing grappling, several judo practitioners have also competed in mixed martial arts matches.[102] Fighters who hold a black belt in judo include Fedor Emelianenko, Anderson Silva, Dong Hyun Kim, Cub Swanson, and Olympians Ronda Rousey,[103] Hector Lombard and Rick Hawn[104] and Hidehiko Yoshida. Former WEC middleweight champion Paulo Filho has credited judo for his success in an interview.[105]
On April 3, 2001, the NJSACB held a meeting to discuss the regulation of mixed martial arts events. This meeting attempted to unify the myriad rules and regulations which had been utilized by the different mixed martial arts organizations. At this meeting, the proposed uniform rules were agreed upon by the NJSACB, several other regulatory bodies, numerous promoters of mixed martial arts events and other interested parties in attendance. At the conclusion of the meeting, all parties in attendance were able to agree upon a uniform set of rules to govern the sport of mixed martial arts.[53]
How to: Begin in a standing position with feet shoulder-width apart. Lower down into a squat and place your palms on the ground so that the elbows are positioned just inside the knees. Kick your feet back into a plank, then lower the hips and arch your back, so your body resembles a more active cobra pose. Reverse the exercise, jump the feet forward, and explode back up to the starting position.
As a journalist, your responsibility is to your audience, and to the society of which you are a member. It is your responsibility to make sure that this audience is totally informed on the issues. When politicians, corporations, or universities are dishonest, a good journalist presses them on it. If you see racial disparity, inequality, discrimination, abuse, or racist behavior, you have the means to expose it and change the situation.
I call it the "complex" inchworm because it's really a combination of a few movements. Start with your feet together and bend from the waist as you reach your hands to the ground. Perform an 'inchworm' movement by walking your hands out until you are in a push-up position. From here, rock your body back slightly and jump your feet up to the outsides of your hands.  Sink your butt down as low as you comfortably can for a great groin stretch, and then raise one arm overhead as high as possible, trying to draw your arm back so that it is in line with your ear. Lift the other arm in the same fashion and stand up. Lower your arms and repeat the whole sequence for five to six complete repetitions.
There are two primary training methods in this phase: random flowing and sparring. In random flowing there is a level of cooperation, where practitioners are helping each other to learn with a level of give-and-take. Specific goals may be worked on. In sparring, practitioners are only indirectly helping each other to learn. The focus of sparring is on beating your opponent in live training.
At Easton, we know what it takes to be a fighter–from preparing for your first time in the ring to competing at the highest levels. If you have the dedication and determination, we can give you the skills to make you a contender. To get started on your MMA journey, come to Easton Training Centers, and train where the pros train. Sign up online, and you can get a free trial to experience the Easton difference. So book your first class now, and get ready to rule the Octagon!
The idea might sound insane to some people: You're going to pay money so you can go to a place every couple of days and get beat up. But, joining up to study a martial art can be extremely rewarding for your fitness and your overall well being. Picking the right system to study is crucial if you're going to enjoy yourself and, ultimately, stick with it. Here's a quick guide to help you figure out which one is right for you. And this list is just a start. There are plenty of other areas of study out there to explore, but these seven are likely the easiest to find.


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Die Präsidentschafts- und Parlamentswahl in Ecuador 2017 fand am 19. Februar 2017 und der zweite Wahlgang der Präsidentschaftswahlen am 2. April 2017 statt.

Wahlergebnisse
Die regierende Movimiento PAÍS (AP) behielt ihre Mehrheit, aber die Anzahl ihrer Sitze fiel von 100 auf 74 in der 137-köpfigen Nationalversammlung. Die AP besteht aus der Patria Altiva i Soberana, deutsch Aufrechtes und Souveränes Vaterland (PAIS) des scheidenden Präsidenten Rafael Correa und seinen Verbündeten. Die Creando Oportunidades (CREO), die ein Bündnis mit der SUMA eingegangen war, konnten ihren gemeinsamen Sitzanteil auf 34 Mandate verdreifachen. Die Wahlen brachten eine starke Veränderung des Plenums: Nur 31 Mitglieder der vorhergehenden Legislaturperiode wurden wiedergewählt.

Während des Wahlkampfes konzentrierten sich die großen Parteien auf die Bereiche Gesundheitsversorgung, Bildung, Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen, soziale Sicherheit, Tourismus und Steuerreform.

Präsidentschaftswahl

Im ersten Wahlgang der Präsidentschaftswahlen, die parallel zu den Parlamentswahlen stattfanden, wurde kein Kandidat gewählt. In der Stichwahl am 2. April 2017 zwischen dem ehemaligen Vizepräsidenten Lenín Moreno (PAIS) und dem ehemaligen Wirtschaftsminister Guillermo Lasso (CREO) wurde Moreno mit 51,16 % der Stimmen zum neuen Präsidenten gewählt. Er wurde damit Nachfolger von Rafael Correa, der seit 2007 regierte.

Parlamentswahl

Anmerkungen

Ecuador
Ecuador
Wahl in Ecuador

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


HAPPY BIRTHDAY GRANT!! WE LOVE YOUR QUIRKY CHARM AND BLOCKY HANDWRITING AND WANTED TO REWARD YOU WITH THESE DELICIOUS CUPCAKES MADE, OF COURSE, BY THE BAKER IN THE FAMILY, LILLIAN. CHEERS TO YOU ON YOUR SPECIAL DAY!