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Ep. 180 – Fascinating Link Between Nutrition, Metabolism & Cancer with Sam Apple
I am delighted to have Sam Apple joining me today! Sam is on the faculty at Johns Hopkins. Before he arrived at Johns Hopkins, he taught creative writing and journalism at the University of Pennsylvania. He holds a BA in English and Creative Writing from the University of Michigan and an MFA in Creative Non-fiction from Columbia University.
Sam has written many books. His most recent is called Ravenous: Otto Warburg, the Nazis, and the Search for the Cancer-Diet Connection. It is about the German biochemist Otto Warburg and his new developments in cancer science. Warburg was a unique individual. He was a Jewish man who managed to keep doing his biochemical research despite living in the extremely challenging time of Nazi Germany.
In this episode, Sam talks about Otto Warburg's incredible discovery regarding cancer cells and the research done by Nazi scientists. He also discusses the shift in the focus on cancer research in the post-war period, how insulin drives cancer and metabolic diseases, and how to make better dietary choices. Stay tuned to hear what Sam has to share about his book, Ravenous, and the connections between diet and cancer.
"You have to be metabolically healthy, not just thinner than average."
Sam Apple
IN THIS EPISODE YOU WILL LEARN:
What motivated Sam to write about Otto Warburg?
Otto Warburg's fascinating discovery about what makes cancer cells unique.
Nazi researchers were way ahead of their time in discovering the link between environmental toxins and people developing metabolic diseases and cancer.
What happened to much of the advanced research done by German scientists during the war years?
What happened in the 1950s that entirely changed the direction of medical research on cancer?
The accidental and surprising discovery that was made about the benefits of mustard gas.
Insulin drives metabolic disease and causes cancer cells to grow.
Why most Americans could develop cancer.
Why do you need to get your fasting insulin checked?
What does fructose do in the body that differs from what is done by other sugars?
Some of the changes that Sam made in his life after researching his book, Ravenous.
The cancers that you will be more likely to develop if you eat too often.
Sam Apple is on the faculty of the MA in Science Writing and MA in Writing programs at Johns Hopkins. Before he arrived at Johns Hopkins, Apple taught creative writing and journalism at the University of Pennsylvania for ten years. He holds a BA in English and Creative Writing from the University of Michigan.
Apple is the author of Schlepping Through the Alps and American Parent. His most recent book, Ravenous (Norton/Liveright, 2021), is about the German biochemist Otto Warburg and new developments in cancer science. Apple has published short stories, personal essays, satires, and journalistic features on a wide range of topics. In recent years, he has primarily written about science and health. His work has appeared in The New York Times Magazine, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, Wired, The Los Angeles Times, The Financial Times Magazine, ESPN The Magazine, The MIT Technology Review, and McSweeney's, among many other publications. Schlepping Through the Alps was a finalist for the PEN America Award for a first work of non-fiction.
Connect with Sam Apple
Follow on Twitter and Instagram
Books mentioned:
The Nazi War on Cancer by Robert Proctor
Connect with Cynthia Thurlow
Follow on Twitter, Instagram & LinkedIn
Check out Cynthia's website
Check Out Dry Farm Wines: www.dryfarmwines.com/cynthiathurlow
About Everyday Wellness Podcast
Welcome to the Everyday Wellness podcast with Cynthia Thurlow! Cynthia is a mom of 2 boys, wife, nurse practitioner, and intermittent fasting and nutrition expert. She has over 20 years experience in emergency medicine and cardiology, but pivoted to focus on food as medicine. She loves to share science-backed practical information to improve your overall well being and is grateful to be interviewing leaders in the health and wellness field. Her goal with Everyday Wellness is to help her listeners make simple changes to their everyday lives that will result in improved overall wellness and long term health.
Presenter: This is Everyday Wellness, a podcast dedicated to helping you achieve your health and wellness goals and provide practical strategies that you can use in your real life. And now here's your host Nurse Practitioner Cynthia Thurlow.
Cynthia: Today, I'm delighted to have Sam Apple. He's on the faculty at Johns Hopkins and prior to his arrival at Hopkins he taught creative writing and journalism at the University of Pennsylvania. He holds a BA in English and creative writing from the University of Michigan and a masters in fine arts and creative non-fiction from Columbia. He is the author of many books, but most recently Ravenous which is about the German biochemist Otto Warburg and new developments in cancer science. Welcome Sam.
Sam: Thanks. Happy to be here.
Cynthia: Yeah. So it was really interesting to read this book for multiple reasons, largely because so much of Otto Warburg's research was largely not really discussed over the last 30 plus years until this concept of cancer metabolism and looking at the contributions that he made to science, I was telling my husband as I was reading your book that I had no idea that he even existed before I read your book and yet he had so much to contribute to the field of chemistry and cancer science and metabolism science which nowadays has become much more popular with people like Jason Fung and Ben Bikman that are providing context about the changes that go on with cancer cells. So, what got you interested in writing about Otto, he's quite a character and I'm sure listeners will want to learn more about him. But really given the fact that he was Jewish in the time of Nazi Germany and was able to mitigate and navigate continuing his research despite living in a pretty profoundly challenging time in Germany.
Sam: Yeah. I really came to Warburg through my interest in metabolism and nutrition and reading the works of a lot of popular writers in that area, Gary Taubes in particular was a big influence. So, what really stood out to me as I was reading about these topics was that I came across a mention of cancer being linked to obesity and diabetes and that really caused me to pause because I hadn't heard that before. I always thought cancer, you know, you have unlucky mutations and these oncogenes or maybe it's caused by radiation, sun exposure, smoking. But I didn't think about it as being a metabolic disease in any sense. So, I saw a mention of this and then that mention said in 1923 a German scientist had made a discovery about how cancer cells take up a lot of glucose. So, I Googled the scientist Otto Warburg again, read just a little bit about his life and the stuff you referenced to Nazi Germany, I was just blown away. There wasn't that much in English actually, but the little I could find it's just fascinating.
I'm not a scientist, I'm a writer and I'm always looking for stories and thinking about how I'm going to tell a story. I was interested in the science first and then when I had the character Warburg then I knew like I had at least a magazine article and eventually it turned into a book. But he was a way for me to tell the story, but it's ultimately the story about cancer is a metabolic disease that interested me most.
Cynthia: For the benefit of the listeners, let's unpack what makes cancer cells unique based on his research and which has now been substantiated many years later with greater emphasis and focuses on this really being a metabolic disease as opposed to something that's primarily just genetic in origin.
Sam: Sure. So, Warburg's key discovery made in 1923 was that cancer cells were taking up enormous amounts of glucose instead of burning it in the mitochondria which are often referred to as the power plants of the cell, they were instead using this what I call as a backup generator, fermentation and that's a way to basically get energy without using oxygen. It's much less efficient and it basically splits the glucose into, quickly turns it into lactic acid and spits it out of the cell. So, it's not a very efficient way to make energy. It was very surprising that cancer cells were doing this, this fermentation is the same thing that microorganisms do, they give us all our favorite foods and beer and wine etc. So, it was an odd thing to find in cancer science.
Really ever since cancer scientists have been debating why cancer cells do this and what causes it to happen? Warburg had his own hypotheses and he felt very strongly about them. In the end I didn't fully agree with Warburg's explanation for why it happened, but that mattered less to me than the fact that it does happen and it's fundamental to cancer. As you've already referenced it was completely forgotten about for decades and it just blows my mind because it's so fundamental to what cancer is. Fortunately, it's back now and the last 15, 20 years, there's been an explosion of research. So, it was rediscovered and that research has really led back to this idea which I explore in the end of my book that the way we eat and how that changes our hormonal environment, particularly insulin, might be the real answer to this mystery that Warburg first discovered.
Cynthia: It's really fascinating. I think what I also found really intriguing was that the Germans as a population of scientists were very concerned about the exposure to pollutants and the quality of food additives and things that they believed kind of fervently were contributing to cancer and so for me to think about World War II timeframe that there were scientists and a country that was largely very focused, very proactive about the concern about toxins in our environment, in our food and personal care products was really surprising because I feel like in many ways, then you referenced this in your book when you talk about Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, that was really like the beginning of people taking these things much more seriously that the role of things were exposed to an environment can be toxins that can make us more susceptible to developing metabolic diseases and cancer. So, I found that really interesting that this overfed state in the context of looking at toxin exposure could also be a huge contributor and that they were talking about this so many years before I even recall ever seeing anything in the research from the United States.
Sam: Yeah. It's strange how far ahead the Nazis were on cancer. It's so unsettling, but it makes sense in the historical concept. The Nazis inherited a German scientific establishment that was on top of the world and they were very focused on cancer– Germany was focused on cancer before the Nazis came to power and that was maintained. So, for all the monstrous things they did, their researchers including Warburg who worked under the Nazis continued to focus on cancer and made important discoveries, particularly in the realm of environmental carcinogens, and they were decades ahead about understanding the smoking cancer link. So, it is true that German science continued in some areas throughout the Nazi years.
But as I point out in the book that even in this context, there was something profoundly creepy about the way the Nazis were going at it because in their minds, there was no sympathy for cancer sufferers. Cancer was an impurity and these things that got into our food are impurities and that you know in a way was the entire Nazi project was eliminating impurities of every kind. So, they managed to make some progress on cancer, but it was always through a dark ideology.
Cynthia: It's very, very interesting to me and I'm someone that's of German descent and talking to my grandmother, my grandparents had emigrated to the United States way before that timeframe, but talking to them about how unique the culture is that this purification, kind of pre-occupation, there's no other way to put it, how that created the environment where there could be this concern for weeding out diseases and disorders, and obviously cancer being one of them. Now, I thought it was really interesting also as someone who's trained, primary care trained although I never worked in primary care as a nurse practitioner, I was also really impressed about how proactive Germany was about screening for certain types of cancers both talking about breast cancer exams, which was way ahead of the curve and cancer counseling centers.
This is really unusual. It's something that's not oftentimes discussed, but they were very proactive about trying to be preventative focused as opposed to reactive, which is really largely what we see here in the United States are very reactive to diseases and disorders instead of being proactive which I think is part of our problem for why we have so much metabolic disease right now.
Sam: Yeah. That's absolutely true and I want for listeners who are interested in this, I want to mention the historian Robert Proctor at Stanford wrote a book called The Nazi War on Cancer and it's really critical source for my understanding of these topics. He goes into great detail on these prevention programs, and the Nazis really introduced widespread screening for the first time. So, it's really fascinating. I tried to understand it and the historical context of the Germans making tremendous progress before the Nazis against infectious diseases and really figuring out that microorganisms were responsible, figuring out which microorganisms cause which disease. It was part of the flourishing of German science that was really changing the world.
Cancer was the one disease they couldn't make progress against. They really– in the early 20th century, really put a tremendous amount of effort into understanding it, and trying to treat, and prevent it. Warburg was part of that story but there are many other important scientists among the many tragedies of the Nazi era is that all that work was disrupted ultimately by the Nazis by the end and then in the post-war period, all the German science was lost. So, that definitely set cancer science back and it was probably part of the reason it got lost in the post-war years.
Cynthia: For listeners that are not familiar with what the focus was during this time period, what happened in the 1950s that shifted a lot of the medical and research focus in another direction looking at an ideology for why cancers developed. This is a massive shift, a complete departure from this kind of metabolism-focused ideology to more genetically mediated.
Sam: Yeah. I mean there were always these competing theories about cancer in the pre-war era. Warburg and his followers focused on the metabolic changes, other researchers interested in how viruses might cause cancer, and then in the post-war period, you have in the 1950s, the discovery of the structure of DNA, Watson, and Crick, and Franklin, and that sets in motion a series of– It doesn't happen all at once but over the next two decades, genetics comes into center stage and cancer research, particularly in the mid-1970s when scientists are first able to identify specific human genes that get mutated and cause cancer. These are the oncogenes and once that is discovered it's really– everything is genetic and still is largely to this day as I've mentioned it's changing, but at that point that was called molecular biology– the new molecular biology, and that kind of stuff Warburg discovered how a cell takes up glucose and processes it, that was old world biochemistry like, "Why would you be interested in stuff that was done in the early 20th century when you could be studying modern genetics?"
It seemed backward as one cancer scientist put it to me, it was like, "We wanted to do the cool stuff." [chuckles] We didn't want to do Warburg and stuff. So, I literally found these stories of people like taking their Warburg equipment, this metabolism equipment and throwing it in the trash. So, it's just on a– Science swings, you know, it's a pendulum and to some extent natural, but extent to which it happens is pretty shocking. One of the aspects of it, I think that which makes it so surprising is that, even as everybody was abandoning metabolism this new cancer screening test, this PET scan which basically looks, you make glucose radioactive and then look where it's being taken up in the body, and that's where you have cancer, this diagnostic test. So, in a way, cancer metabolism was staring everybody in the face and yet it wasn't being studied at all.
Cynthia: I know and I almost think we shoot ourselves in the foot. I trained at a big research institution and I think sometimes we like to make things more complicated than it needs to be and really getting back to basics and so, I'm grateful for the contributions that you're making, Gary who I've had the pleasure of having on the podcast as well, asking the tough questions and asking him from different angles and medical professionals are doing kind of thinking outside the box much like I always say that I'm grateful for their people like Gary Feldman who talks about looking at cholesterol from a different way, and I'm like, "Thank goodness for the engineers because they're giving us different ways of looking at different problems."
When we're thinking about cancer treatment, one of the things that I found really interesting in the book was, the use of mustard gas. This is kind of pivoting off what we're talking about and I found it really interesting that it actually was found to prevent rapidly dividing cells from replicating their DNA. So, mustard gas was used during, I believe World War I and World War II, and not realizing that ultimately it turned out that it could actually be used for metabolic therapies and towards certain types of cancers I thought was really interesting. So, people really thinking outside the box and forcing us to consider ulterior uses of a lot of things that are used in wartime or drugs that are used in wartime for other reasons.
Sam: Yeah, absolutely. As you referenced it, it was really an accident that they discovered that mustard therapy had this power and then it became the first chemotherapy, which was thought to just be a cellular poison, but decades later we came to understand how many of these chemotherapies worked. They are actually metabolic drugs in terms of disrupting metabolic processes. So, it's another way that it's amazing that metabolism was lost because the drugs that work are the metabolism drugs in the broader sense.
Cynthia: Absolutely. When we think about the role of other things, our environment that can be contributory or problematic for the influence of changes to our soil is one example, the role of nitrogen. I'm not sure how many listeners really appreciate the importance of nitrogen and how the changes in soil accumulation have really impacted the way the types of foods that are grown, the nutrient density or lack thereof. What I found interesting was really looking at having to import nitrates from, I believe it was Chile-
Sam: Yeah.
Cynthia: -in order to beef up the soil, which was largely depleted from nitrogen and how nitrogen can be really critically important for health and the nutrient, as I said, nutrient density of a lot of the foods that we're consuming.
Sam: Yeah. I think that's really important at the most basic level but also, I wanted to include that story because I wanted to put the emphasis on the fertilizer. You can think of sometimes the cancer cells called the seed, and sometimes the place in the body that it grows is referred to as the soil and cancer scientists talk about the seed and the soil. But I wanted to talk about the seed, the soil, and the fertilizer, like, what causes the cancer cell to grow? That's how I sort of transitioned into the insulin conversation.
Cynthia: Let's unpack the insulin conversation. I've had the great honor of being able to connect with some of the biggest insulin researchers that are out there, not only medical researchers but also medical professionals and so I'm a fervent believer in that insulin is driving so much of the metabolic disease that we are currently seeing. So, let's talk about that, you know, this whole insulin model which there are definitely individuals that are out there that don't embrace this idea or this concept, but for many of us it really just intrinsically makes common sense when you unpack all of that what it represents.
Sam: Yeah. No, absolutely and I could have written in theory about insulin and many other diseases because it's so connected to so many of these chronic diseases. But I think, the cancer insulin connection is less well known than some of the others. So, that was part of the reason I wanted to explore it and I think that people that are not particularly nervous about diabetes, maybe, they'll wake up [crosstalk]
Cynthia: [laughs]
Sam: -and they understand that cancers are part of the story as well. You should be nervous about diabetes as it's a massive problem. But I think that the cancer-insulin connection can help people become more aware of how serious this is. As I mentioned before that Warburg discovered how cancer cell ends up overeating glucose. So, insulin should immediately be a suspect because insulin tells our cells to take up glucose. But at that time, he made this discovery, insulin had actually had been discovered almost at exactly the same time, but nobody knew anything about insulin. It was only in the late 60s when they even began to be able to measure insulin in our blood. So, there was no way really to make the connection between insulin and the overeating glucose of the cancer cell at that time. But now, when we understand what insulin does, you can start to put the pieces together and start to understand that when you have insulin at extremely high levels, 50 times the normal level in the case of hyperinsulinemia, it's instructing a cell to take up more and more glucose.
Now, some cells might be resistant to it but cancer cells actually get more insulin receptors and tend to have mutations in the very enzymes that respond to insulin. So, they are hyperresponsive to insulin. If you give them this insulin stimulus, it's powerful growth stimulant for potentially microscopic cancer that might not otherwise be a threat. It really all came together in the early 21st century when they started to do the sequencing of cancer cells and they could see where the mutations were most common. The most common ones were the very enzymes that respond to insulin. There's just a tremendous amount of evidence. So, as I begin to unpack that, the next question that came up is, "Okay, well, what causes our insulin to get out of control?" That of course comes back to diet.
Cynthia: I think for anyone who's listening that saying, well, I don't need to be concerned about this. I remind people that the latest statistic I read was that 88% of Americans are metabolically inflexible and unhealthy. So, that means there's a very small percentage of Americans that are not insulin resistant, not overweight, not obese, and I think when you read statistics like there were some that I wrote down while I was reading, one of them was in 2014, the CDC said, 600,000 Americans were diagnosed with body fat related cancers.
Cynthia: That's in 2014. That's seven years ago. I'm sure that rate is probably not improving. In fact, it's probably going up. So, if anyone's listening and thinking, "I'm not susceptible" statistically very likely are and I like to remind men and women you need to know your numbers, you need to know what your fasting insulin is, you need to ask your healthcare professional even if they don't know how to interpret it, you need to know those numbers. I cannot tell you how many women come to me and they'll tell me, "I'm stuck, I can't lose weight, I'm weight loss resistant, and we do a fasting insulin, and it's 20." I remind them, I mean, that's like five times more than what it should be or four times more than what it should be. So. it's important for us to understand that interrelationship with being overfed, hyperplastic, these cells that– insulin instructs the cells to get bigger and in terms of what that represents for upping your likelihood of developing cancer, it's fairly significant.
I think that you touched the nail on the head when you mentioned that cancer cells have more insulin receptors and they're overexpressed. So, cancer cells really thrive on glucose and carbohydrates, and throughout your book you're identifying researchers in the 1920s as one example identified that these cancer cells, their uptake of glucose is significant, and why we aren't speaking to our patients more proactively and obviously I'm not an oncologist and I'm not going to assume that every oncologist isn't having this conversation. But why we're not being more proactive starting from a primary care base level to having these discussions with patients really educating them about their macros or their food intake to me is astounding.
Sam: Yeah. I think it's starting to change slowly but I don't think many oncologists are having these conversations. I've asked them, why or I've asked those who are studying this why more aren't studying it? The explanation given is that, everybody's in their own silo. The endocrinologists are in one area, and the oncologists are on another, and they're not speaking to each other, they're not necessarily looking at the same research. I think we're starting to see a little bit of change, but I completely agree with everything you said. One key fact just to build on what you said is that, your glucose might look normal for many, many years even as your insulin is elevated because that extra insulin is actually keeping the glucose under control. So, you have no way of knowing and people store body fat in different ways.
I was in my early 30s, I had all the signs of insulin resistance. I'm 100% sure I had it, even though, I didn't actually directly test my insulin, but I had elevated triglycerides and people would say, "Oh, you're not overweight," but you could actually see the way I was carrying my weight on my face and things. But in some ways being able to store more fat subcutaneously under your skin or under your limbs is actually an advantage. My family will go straight to diabetes, straight to insulin resistance without much storage. So, being thin is not really protective in the way people think, you have to be metabolically healthy. Not just thinner than average or whatever it is. So, I think those are really important points.
Cynthia: Yeah, and I think the practical application as always when I bring guests on, for anyone that's listening it's like, "Okay, how do we unpack the practical implications of your book and your message, and a lot of it is saying get informed, ask for these tests, it's really critically important?" You kind of touched on that metabolic syndrome of high triglycerides, low HDL, sometimes high LDL, elevated blood glucose, but it can start with elevated insulin. That's usually the first biomarker. In fact, I know my buddy's a low-carb MD, [unintelligible [00:23:49] and Brian, we talk a lot about this that, "You've got to test that fasting insulin." So, for everyone that's listening, test your fasting insulin, know what that number is because your hemoglobin A1c may not look all that bad which is a 90-day snapshot. Your fasting blood sugar may not look all that bad.
It harkens back to my father-in-law, who is a wonderful man was diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He was treated at Hopkins, leading renowned Oncology Center. And that poor man, after he had his esophagus removed and spent a lot of time in radiation, and surgery, and just really suffered quite a bit. I remember him saying to me, "Cynthia, all they want me to do is to drink Ensure." It makes me cringe when I think about what we know now and how many oncology patients or people who are chronically ill are being instructed to drink what is essentially high fructose corn syrup and a lot of food additives which we know are not beneficial now.
We've touched on Gary Taubes research and I know that you're obviously well familiar with him as well. Another amazing science writer and he talks a lot about the role of fructose. So, I touched on high fructose corn syrup. But let's talk a little bit at least touch on like, what fructose does differently in our body than other types of sugar? Now, people will make the argument that fructose is, we find fructose and fruit. I always say, "Well, yes, we do." But high fructose corn syrup is entirely different, literally animal. It's something that's created in the lab. We know it's processed very differently, it's highly toxic. But let's at least touch on that because that's another thing. If you're doing nothing else, get your fasting insulin checked, read food labels because high fructose corn syrup isn't just about everything then you want to avoid this because it's a particularly toxic ingredient.
Sam: Yeah, absolutely I was interested in you know once I came to the conclusion that, that insulin– hyperinsulinemia, elevated insulin is a key driver of cancer. The next question I wanted to answer is, how do we end up with hyperinsulinemia? The very simple answer would be that we get overweight, but it's more complicated than that and I tried to look back in the history into the 19th century, you have these societies in the 19th century and even into the early 20th century where cancer is extremely rare, and then they transitioned to the western diet and western lifestyle, and then suddenly, you see more obesity, more diabetes, more cancer. So, tried to look back and see what is it that comes into the diet that serves to set off this trend. The most compelling evidence I think is that it's the addition of sugar. Not all carbohydrates but sugar in particular. When I say sugar, I don't mean glucose, I'm referring to sucrose, this sweet white stuff that's half glucose and half fructose and the fructose seems to be the most metabolically harmful part or fructose together with the glucose and sucrose, this terminology is a little confusing.
Sam: Because when people say, "Well, how can glucose cause cancer?" Because we have glucose in our blood all the time. But you have to understand that this is multistep progression. Eating sucrose sugar having fat accumulate because that's what it does, it causes fat to accumulate in your liver and around your organs that will then interrupt insulin's ability to get glucose into your cell, the pancreas will respond by producing even more insulin, you'll put on more weight, develop more insulin resistance, and meanwhile all that elevated insulin will drive cancer. So, that's convoluted but I like to just put out the basic information, but the root of the story is fructose as being a part one half of sugar which is the part that makes it particularly dangerous, I think, and it seems to be that when you turn it into this high fructose corn syrup or when you put sugar, when you refine it and put it into drinks, drinks seem to be worst of all, they cause this fat accumulation, the insulin resistance more rapidly than with glucose alone.
Once you are already insulin resistant, you probably have to restrict a lot of carbohydrates. Not just sugar, but if you're metabolically healthy to start with and you just keep out the sugar, you'll probably be in pretty good shape. But unfortunately, as you said, 88% of us are not in that position. So, you probably have to restrict more than just sugar, more than just the sucrose, but if you're one of the lucky ones it's really healthy then maybe some other carbs are okay.
Cynthia: Yeah, and it is really interesting how bio individuality really plays a key role here. I've had the opportunity to wear a continuous glucose monitor since last fall and it's been fascinating/depressing. Being metabolically healthy and anytime it doesn't matter if it's my son's birthday is today, and so we went out for a celebration, he wanted Mexican food, and I ate sauteed shrimp and had peppers and onions, and I had a couple chips last night and I was telling my husband, I was like, "I'm metabolically healthy and my blood sugars usually really well controlled all the time and my insulins, too. So, I mean I'm very metabolically flexible." A handful of chips, my blood sugar stayed elevated for hours and it was fascinating.
You think about the context that most of us that are consuming sugar sweetened beverages that are maybe indulging in sweets every day, maybe not making the best food choices, eating a lot of highly processed foods, most of us and I would imagine most middle-aged individuals' males and females are probably in this position where our blood sugar is not well controlled. And yet, we– these little subtleties, you gain a pound or two every year, maybe your sleep isn't as good. What are some of the changes that you made in your personal life based on your research for this book because I would imagine this book probably took several years to write and I always love connecting with writers and saying, "What changed about your personal choices while you were writing this book or after you wrote this book?" Because once you see you can't unsee. That's the challenge of those of us that maybe the 12%, it's like we're a little bit more attuned to what's changing the general population and how we don't want to mimic that in our own personal lives.
Sam: Sure. Yeah. I mean, even before starting this book, I had grown interested in low carbohydrate nutrition, but I wasn't especially strict and the more research I did and the more I learned, the more strict I became, it's hard not to when you're reading these studies. With cancer there, I like to point out there are no guarantees. Some cancers are not related to insulin, some are unlucky mutation. So, I don't think that I can guarantee that I'm ever going to get cancer by following this diet. But I do think that it can increase my chances and give me a better chance of preventing disease. So, I've been more careful about sugar in particular ever since, I'm doing this research Lewis Cantley, one of the most distinguished cancer researchers in the country, I asked him this question. He just says, sugar scares me. The more you learn the scarier it looks. So, I've eliminated almost all sugar. My kids get annoyed with me and sometimes like try to shove a cupcake in my mouth.
Sam: I'm not perfect with it but I try. I think there's an optimistic message in all this. For all this scariness like– I had the worst diet in the world. I used to walk around in my 20s, living alone in New York with a bag of white bread and [crosstalk] drinking Coke and everything. So, I think it's wonderful that you can turn it around just by making these relative– I don't want to call it simple. It's hard to change your diet, but it's not all gloom like you have these just hundreds and thousands of stories online of people changing their lives and reversing that type 2 diabetes by making these changes. So, I'm inspired and hopeful that more people will start to do this I hope after reading my book and other books on similar topics.
Cynthia: Yeah. I think that the greatest hope is that, my platform on this podcast is to bring on interesting individuals in the literary world, and medicine, and research to be able to take tangential concepts and be able to apply them to real life. Now, for the benefits of listeners who may not be as familiar with some of the lifestyle-related cancers, the cancers that are more likely based on the research to develop if you are overfed, eating far too often, not practicing intermittent fasting, or low carb, or a less processed diet, for the benefits of listeners let's at least touch on the cancers that we know are associated with being in this overfed high insulin state.
Sam: Sure. You have colon cancer, endometrial cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer. It looks more compelling I think post menopause. But I think altogether, I think, the evidence is quite strong with prostate cancer, although that's a little, it's considered less strong than the other evidence. But if you added in prostate cancer the number you mentioned that 600,000 number, they didn't include prostate cancer in that, so it'd be vastly higher. So, it's just across the board the most deadly cancers tend to be these ones that are linked to obesity and elevated insulin.
Cynthia: I think we need to 'we' meaning, healthcare professionals need to be more proactive. I know that my whole backgrounds in ER medicine and cardiology and so, I saw evidence of metabolic disease every single day and it was in people as young as 30 all the way up to 80, and the one thing that was fairly consistent for me was watching this interrelationship between inflammation, and food choices, and eating more frequently or too frequently. We used to tell our patients and– trained in the 1990s, trained at a big research institution, and we used to tell our patients that, "You need to eat snacks and mini meals, and you just stoke your metabolism." And yet, I cringe when I think about that now because no one should be eating snacks.
I think about any time I travel, obviously, most of us haven't been traveling as much as we did pre-pandemic, but anytime I'm in the airport now or traveling with my family trying to explain to my kids like, "You are teenagers now. There is no need to snack. If you're hungry in between meals that means you didn't put your protein and your healthy fats together in the right way and non-starchy vegetables," and then they cringe when they hear me say that. But the point of why, I think, it's important– I thought it was so important to bring you on was just to create growing awareness that these lifestyle choices really do have bearing on our health, and our longevity, and the quality of life that we lead. I think it's really important for people to understand that it doesn't just happen to us. There are catastrophic, horrific things that happen that we have no control over. But a lot of these lifestyle choices do have a long-term impact on our health whether it's positively or negatively.
Sam: Yeah, no, absolutely. You know the COVID outbreak is another reminder, how important metabolism is because if you're not metabolically healthy you're at greater risk for a COVID complication. So, it's really so many different conditions. You mentioned Ben Bikman before. He's written this wonderful book which covers all the different conditions, I just focused on cancer, and Jason Fung, and others. It's just so important. One thing I think is also encouraging that people tend to think, "Oh, you have to be wealthy to eat this way." But I think it's really not true. I eat so many eggs and they're relatively cheap.
Sam: I think, it's doable on a budget and we just need to convince people that this is a healthy way to live.
Cynthia: Absolutely and I remind people you buy the best protein that your budget permits and if it's conventional beef that you purchase, the only real difference based on the research I have done between conventional feedlot beef is one example versus grass-fed, grass-finished beef is the omega-3 to omega-6 profile. So, you're really talking about the differences between different types of fatty acids and I would argue that feedlot conventionally raised animals are going to be a better choice than eating a Big Mac or a chicken nugget. I'd say the more processed it is, the less benefit it is to your health. Although, I'm also a realist. I'm not going to sit here and say that I don't eat out in restaurants on occasion. Sometimes, I do get stuck paces and I may have to resort to having a protein bar which I love that. Some of the low carb community and I always think about one person in particular calls them 'carbohydrate bars' to remind people that they're generally not protein dense, they're usually pretty carbohydrate dense. Ken Berry is usually on the pulpit talking about that quite a bit.
Sam: Yeah. I do think it's true that, people say fast food and think it's horrible. But if somebody wants to go low carb, and they eat a lot of fast food, and they throw out the bun, and don't get the Coke, and just take the burgers and the lettuce, I think, they could be pretty healthy.
Cynthia: Absolutely and that's the concept of good better best, really meeting people where they are. So, if you're listening and you love Chick-fil-A or love McDonald's, you can navigate fast food restaurants and make better choices. It doesn't all have to be this pristine grass-fed steak with organic vegetables. I mean, obviously, we want to get to a point where we're eating less processed food, but there are all sorts of ways to get there.
Sam: Yeah. I'll make– even to make your listeners feel better, I'll make my grand confession is that I still have some diet soda here and there. So, it's probably not ideal, but particularly if you're transitioning between diets for a lot of people that can be a way to do it.
Cynthia: Absolutely. I think all of us in this health and wellness space, we all acknowledge we have our own vices. I've got a penchant for dark chocolate. That's probably my one vice that's left after going gluten and dairy free. It cuts out a lot of what's available there. So, for the benefit of listeners, what are you working on next? Are you working on a new book? I know that you're still teaching avidly. What's next for you?
Sam: It's a good question. I'm going to figure that out. I've been thinking about it a lot. I would like to do another book that covers some of these topics. But I'm teaching full time now at Johns Hopkins and the MA, and writing an MA and science writing programs. So, I don't have that much time right now, but eventually, I like to find another Warburg like character and go at this again from a different angle.
Cynthia: Absolutely. What was the one thing about Warburg that was really surprising? I guess not having known much about him, I found him personality wise to be a little bit of a spectacle. Really, I don't know if it was arrogance or just completely being clueless against what he was living with and he was almost within a bubble that he wasn't paying attention to what was going on in Nazi Germany during World War II.
Sam: Yeah. He was a very difficult human being to put it nicely. He was one of the most arrogant human beings I think of all time-
Sam: -on a scale of 1 to 10 on arrogance, he rated it 20. One of my favorite stories.
Sam: He was asked to take a picture of other scientists. They said he couldn't do it because they were not at his level. They were all Nobel prize winner. That's how he viewed the world. It was in many ways a weakness because he couldn't see his own faults. But it was also, his self-belief was also a strength. He did these bold experiments that other people weren't doing, that other people thought, "Well, I don't have the right scientific tool. I can't do this." Warburg's attitude was, "Okay. I'll just go in and invent the tool." His father was a brilliant physicist who worked with Einstein and Warburg grew up with all these famous German scientists in his childhood home and just assumed, "I'm going to be the next one too," is like assumed that you would win a Nobel prize. When he finally won, his response was, "Well, it's about time." Yeah, it's about time they gave it to him. So, he really deserved to win it three times based on totally different experiments.
Just a fascinating character but not totally sympathetic. I was drawn to him in part because he hated the Nazi so much, but the more they would come to his institute, and bang on the door, and try to get him to sign papers, and even throw him out of his institute. I realized over time that he hated the Nazis, but not necessarily for all the right reasons, what he really couldn't stand is that they dared interrupt him and interrupt his work. He wasn't a great champion of the Jewish people or human rights. So, he was a very complicated figure, but to be in a way that made it interesting it wasn't just like a simple hero, he is a complicated hero.
Cynthia: Absolutely. Well, it's been such a pleasure to connect with you and I encourage my listeners to check your book out. What is the easiest way to connect with you on social media, your website?
Sam: Sure. My website is samapple.com. On Twitter as where I'm most active, it's @sam_apple1 and Instagram, I'm new to Instagram. I'm trying to figure it out. It's very confusing.
Cynthia: [laughs] It's very different animal for sure.
Sam: Yeah. I literally can't like what to click on but it's @samapplebooks. Yeah and that book is Ravenous: Otto Warburg, the Nazis, and the Search for the Cancer-Diet Connection.
Cynthia: Well, I really enjoyed your book and my family was hammered. I was sitting in my study, you know taking notes and reading it and I found Otto Warburg to be a fascinating individual, more interesting beyond that was just this role of cancer science and metabolism, and realizing that there was so much incredible research that was being done, and even the early 20th century that I was completely unaware of despite having a solid science background in my– [crosstalk] [laughs]
Cynthia: But thank you again for connecting with listeners and hopefully, they will be checking out your book and connecting with you on social media as well.
Sam: Oh, thank you so much. I really appreciate it.
Presenter: Thanks for listening to Everyday Wellness. If you loved this episode, please leave us a rating and review, subscribe and remember tell a friend. And if you want to connect with us online, visit the link in the show notes.


text:
The Good Relative
THE GOOD RELATIVE is the story of Faith Spotted Eagle, an internationally renowned and revered elder of the Yankton Sioux Tribe in South Dakota, as she confronts the State of South Dakota to protect their tribal water rights.
The Gas Station Attendant
Telephone conversations the filmmaker recorded with her father while he worked nights at a gas station reveal a remarkable journey, from living on the streets of India to a chance encounter that would bring him to the United States.
The Gender Project
What defines biological sex — science or society? Through immersion in the lives of people who defy simplistic gender labels, The Gender Project uses bold cinematic language to confront the dichotomy of gender, exploding binary myths with scientific, historical, and cultural revelations.
Guangzhou Love Story
In China, an unprecedented surge in African migration has led to a rise in marriages between Chinese women and African men. GUANGZHOU LOVE STORY captures the love, heartache, and struggles of one Afro-Chinese family attempting to build a home for themselves in the face of racism and xenophobia.
Girls of Tomorrow (working title)
At an all-female college in New York City, students from diverse backgrounds are reinventing politics, power, solidarity, gender and activism. Their feminism is innate and their battle cry is "now". These are the faces of tomorrow, the young women who will be shaping our future. Girls of Tomorrow is a
Grounders
Grounders takes an intimate look at the Prospect Park Women's Softball League in Brooklyn, New York. This documentary explores the history of the league and the community it has created. Getting to know the players, fans, and umpires we understand what happens when women take the field to play.
GAME ON is a feature-length character-driven documentary about BAFTA-winning game designer Brenda Romero. In the last thirty pioneering years, Brenda has contributed to nearly fifty game titles, developing innovative video and board games in a male-dominated environment. Can she sustain video game gold?
Gowanus Current
Gowanus Current is a documentary feature film about a neighborhood asking what is truly valuable in their community, and who gets to decide.
GETTING THE GET
In a quest for freedom and faith, Orthodox Jewish women lead a new movement against abuse in religious divorce.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


HÀ NỘI — Vietnamese aerobic athlete grabbed one gold, four silver and two bronze medals from the FIG World Cup Series Tokyo International which closed on Sunday.
Nguyễn Chế Thanh pocketed his title in the boys' 15-17 age group. His teammate Bùi Minh Phương stood second in the girls' pool.
Three other silvers went to duo Phan Thế Gia Hiển and Trần Hà Vi (15-17 category); group of three (15-17 category) and group of five (above 18).
The only bronze went to Phạm Nhật Phương Trinh in the girls' individual 15-17 age category.
The two-day World Cup drew participants from 15 countries, including powerhouses such as China, France, North Korea and the Philippines.


text:
Ashley Fox: Commission should follow UK's example on Poland
21-Dec-2017 @ 16:00
Speaking as British Prime Minister Theresa May visited Poland today, 24 hours after the European Commission's controversial decision to invoke Article 7 against the country, Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox said:
Ashley Fox: "We fully expect Gibraltar to be part of the transition period."
Responding to the European Commission's proposed negotiating mandate today, Conservative MEP for the South West and Gibraltar, Ashley Fox, said: "We fully expect Gibraltar to be part of the transition period and for the EU to be cooperative in negotiating this arrangement. It's in no-one's interest that Gibraltar suddenly leaves the EU in March 2019 without time for businesses and workers to adapt.
Ashley Fox: MEPs should not attempt to dictate negotiations.
The European Parliament should stick to its brief and not try and tie the hands of Brexit negotiators, Conservative MEP's leader Ashley Fox said today.
"The important work starts here. We must get it right."
Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox has welcomed news of an agreement between the UK and EU.
Ashley Fox: Capitalism works for the many, not the few
Brexit will be a success only if the Conservatives' vision of a free trading, global Britain is delivered, the party's conference heard this afternoon. Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox said the country's future would be at risk if Labour was allowed to take control of the powers being repatriated from Brussels.
Ashley Fox MEP responds to the European Parliament's Brexit resolution
Responding to today's resolution in the European Parliament, Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox said:
Ashley Fox: Florence could be the cradle of Britain's renaissance
Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox has urged the EU to respond positively to Prime Minister Theresa May's landmark speech in Florence today. He said: "Brussels has been asking for concrete proposals and here they are.
Ashley Fox: Customs proposals a good basis for "creative negotiation".
15-Aug-2017 @ 12:00
The UK Government's proposals for a future customs relationship with the EU are practical, achievable and allow room for "creative negotiation" according to Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox.
Ashley Fox: Travelling circus a symbol of all that's wrong with the EU
05-Jul-2017 @ 14:00
European Parliament President Antonio Tajani is being urged to intervene to help end the parliament's costly "travelling circus" between Brussels and Strasbourg. The cross party Single Seat Group, headed by Conservative MEP Ashley Fox, wants Mr Tajani to raise the matter with the European Council, which would have to initiate the treaty change required to stop the monthly trips. Having two parliamentary seats costs EU taxpayers an estimated €114 million a year.
Ashley Fox MEP welcomes today's start to Brexit negotiations
19-Jun-2017 @ 09:00
Ashley Fox, leader of Conservative MEPs in the European Parliament, welcomes today's start to Brexit negotiations. He said: "Today the UK Government begins negotiating our departure from the European Union.
Ashley Fox: Let's work together to build a new relationship
17-May-2017 @ 10:00
The European Union should not seek money from Britain during the Brexit negotiations simply to cover its own budgetary failures, UK Conservative delegation leader Ashley Fox told MEPs today.
"We need a more honest relationship with Turkey"
A new relationship is needed with Turkey that is based on co-operation, not the distant goal of European Union membership, Conservative MEP Syed Kamall told the European Parliament today.
Ashley Fox MEP's statement on May's call for a General Election
Reacting to Theresa May's decision to call a General Election on June 8, Ashley Fox, leader of Conservatives in the European Parliament, said:
"We need a good agreement, not a good fight"
Britain and the EU must work together to shape a close new relationship that works in the interests of all citizens, Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox told the European Parliament today.
Article 50: It's time to begin shaping our future
29-Mar-2017 @ 13:15
Responding to today's submission by the Government of Article 50, triggering the start of negotiations over the UK's departure from the EU, Ashley Fox, leader of Conservative MEPs in the European Parliament, said:
Ashley Fox: The EU must respond to people's call for change
Responding to the European Commission's Future of Europe white paper, Ashley Fox, leader of Conservative MEPs, said today: "I am pleased to see President Juncker laying out a series of options for the future of the EU rather than once again simply pushing his tired vision of a federal Europe. It is a little late, but he is finally acknowledging there is more than one way for the EU to proceed. "Of course, Britain is leaving the EU and the remaining 27 Member States must decide their own future. However, it is in the UK's interest for the EU to be a successful, stable and well-governed partner and ally. "I sincerely hope this important debate takes note of the clear call for change coming from people across the Union who have lost confidence in the EU as currently structured."
Ashley Fox rejects Verhofstadt's call for "more Europe"
Speaking in a European Parliament debate today on the future of the EU, Conservative MEPs' leader Ashley Fox said the EU had lost touch with its citizens.
"PM has ensured everyone now knows where we stand" – Ashley Fox
17-Jan-2017 @ 17:00
Ashley Fox, leader of Conservative MEPs in the European Parliament, welcomed Theresa May's speech.


text:
Tavurvur je aktivní sopka, jež se nachází poblíž města Rabaul v provincii Východní Nová Británie na Nové Británii ve státě Papua Nová Guinea. Je to vedlejší sopouch stratovulkánu Rabaul a leží na východním okraji jeho kaldery. Sopka je známá především svými ničivými erupcemi nad městem Rabaul.

Tavurvur je nejznámější sopkou v kaldeře Rabaul od roku 2010 vybuchla v roce 2011 a naposledy v roce 2014.

Historie
V roce 1937 vybuchla Tavurvur a další blízká sopka zvaná Vulcan. Jejich společná erupce zabila 507 lidí.

7. října 2006 the vybuchla Tavurvur znovu a síla její počáteční erupce rozbila okna do vzdálenosti 12 km a vyslala sloup sopečného popela až do výše 18 km nad zemský povrch. Vítr naštěstí odvál většinu popela směrem od Rabaulu.

Gallerie

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Volcano World: Tavurvur, Rabaul Caldera

Stratovulkány
Hory a kopce Papuy Nové Guineje
Aktivní sopky
Kopce pod 1000 metrů

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
reminder of talk by judith herrin
By morganshs Leave a Comment
Socialist History Society Public Meeting
Professor Judith Herrin will speak on
Byzantium and What We Can Learn from the Empire
with a particular focus on the role of women
7.00pm, Friday 8th February 2013
Venue: Bishopsgate Institute, Liverpool Street
Free to attend; all welcome
Judith Herrin is Emeritus Professor of Late Antique and Byzantine Studies at King's College London. She has long been associated with Past and Present and is currently the Vice Chairman of the journal's Editorial Board. She is one of the world's leading authorities on Byzantine history, culture archaeology. Her specific research interests include women in Byzantium and Byzantium in relation to Islam and Europe. Professor Herrin is the author of The Formation of Christendom; Women in Purple: Rulers of Medieval Byzantium; and most recently Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire.
About the Talk:
Professor Herrin argues for a contemporary appreciation of Byzantium which stresses its civilisation of quality, intelligence and success, and sees aspects of its society as a kind of positive model from which modern civilisation can learn. In her work, she challenges the old stereotype of Byzantium, whose very name is an insult. She sees the core strength of Byzantium as coming from its "inner Greek fire", with its unique combination of Pagan energy, Greek education, Roman law and administration, and Christian faith. "When the capital city was inaugurated in 330," Herrin writes, "all these elements were present and the society that resulted, with its extraordinary self-belief, was "born old". This was the cultural background to its capacity to play the long game when necessary. It also gave it immense self-confidence and flexibility, permitting innovation and invention, from the unprecedented domed structure of Hagia Sophia to the secret of Greek fire itself. It was quite capable of delivering ruthless and crushing defeats as well as developing the arts, techniques and insignia of diplomacy…"
From Christmas 2012 to Easter 2013
By Khatchatur I. Pilikian
http://www.kongrakurdistan.net
http://norkhosq.net/2012/12/02/turkey-is-supporting-and-setting-jihadist-groups-against-the-kurds/
Turkey is supporting and setting Jihadist groups against the Kurds
Kurdistan National Congress (KNK) Executive Council — 26.11.2012
http://www.info-turk.be/412.htm#Final
Final Resolution of the International Conference on Kurds in Brussels
Probably not forgetting the massacre of 80 thousand Alawites by Ataturk's government in Dersim 1937–1938, which included mostly women, children and the elderly, here is what an US ambassador uttered, just recently, with serene calmness:
"At a recent meeting hosted by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, Peter W. Galbraith, a former American ambassador who witnessed ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia, made a chilling prediction.
"The next genocide in the world," he said, "will likely be against, the Alawites in Syria."
http://www.enduringamerica.com/home/2012/11/17/syria-and-beyond-live-coverage-insurgents-change-the-situati.html
Mesopotamische EntwicklungsGesellschaft – Mezopotamian Development Society
I do confess that my feelings tend to be emotionally critical towards this third inhuman, social and cultural vandalism, in Syria, after Iraq and Libya. In fact I would not hesitate to draw our attention to the genocidal crimes by Jihadists of the destabilising armed gangs acting all over Syria. To 'eradicate' the 'infidels' anywhere – all those who oppose their blind intolerance — they are now targeting Christian Armenians too. Apart from the destructive vandalising of the main Armenian church of St George in Aleppo, plus the desecration of the Armenian Genocide Memorial Chapel in Der-el-Zor (the notorious camp for the genocide of the Armenians in 1915), the Sham Times has reported the massacre of an entire Armenian family in a street in Zamlaka, a suburb of Damascus – husband, his sister, his wife and their three children.
It's worth noting that all these Jihadist crimes are accomplished with impunity thanks to their Big Boss' 'humanitarian assistance' plus the zealots' training in Turkey under the umbrella of NATO's Patriot missiles, sponsored all by the resources of Arab oil and their ruling elite in Qatar and Saudi Arabia. For sure this in itself is the greatest insult to the Arab nation and a disgusting anathema to the religion of Islam which preaches "There is no hatred in religion" (Surat al Baqara, HOLY QUR'AN). For sure the armed gangs of Syria plus their 'faithful' are now dancing their macabre dithyramb with the devil, while the cacophony band is conducted by the Maestro of the Supreme Military Power of the world.
God forbid for the worst to happen. Alas, it seems all is set to prepare for the Jihad terrorists to use chemical weapons, to then bamboozle the world as if it is the crime of the Syrian government. Lo and behold the so named 'Syrian government in exile' has now a political hypocrite, a self-acclaimed 'communist Christian' as its leader, with Jihadist bosses relishing and propagating his political and religious 'credentials', before reciting loud 'God is Great'…
All the above hints, at least for me, that if and when the terrorist Jihadists overcome Syria, they will accomplish the ethnic cleansing of the Kurds helped by NATO's obedient Turkish government militias (as the Young Turk government, then the Kemalists, did less than a century ago, with the Armenian, Greek and Assyrian minorities — all Ottoman citizens…). The Kurds now are a 'convenient' tool for those mostly foreign Jihadists to brainwash the uninformed as if there is a civil war in Syria, simply because the Kurds count ca 3 million Syrian citizens. unlike the fratricidal tragedy of Lebanon that lasted ca. fifteen years, where all warring factions were Lebanese citizens. Paradoxically, the Syrian forces had gone there yielding to US advice to help the Christian Lebanese — what a macabre devilish plan it was to create decades of agony and hatred between Lebanon and Syria…Lebanon paid the 'price' with more than 150 000 dead, Who knows the near future 'price' of Syria. CHI BONO? = For Whose Benefit Is It?
Undoubtedly, the recent Syrian tragedy is being thrown into the vortex of one of the 21st century's greatest multi-states crimes of genocidal proportions the world is yet faced to witness, following the rehearsals in Iraq and in Libya. With all the mass media explosion of the last century, one wonders with rage, how easy it must have been at its onset to commit genocides during the first half of the last century… QUO VADIS HOMO SAPIENS ?
Few months after The Hague (Haag) Peace Palace (housing the International Court of Justice) was inaugurated (with Carnegie's philanthropy), the WWI kindled, swiftly accompanied by a proto-Nazi Genocide. It was followed just a quarter of a century later by WWII, culminated by another, now a full-fledged Nazi Genocide… A further quarter of a century, then a multi-genocidal war in Vietnam (against humans, nature and all — as rightly defined by the Russell Tribunal on Vietnam back in 1967, Presided by Jean-Paul Sartre) became the 'norm' for the warmongers of neo imperialism. Eventually Afghanistan fell victim to the Globalised cauldron of that 'norm', soon to be emulated, hence vested with the masque of 'democracy and human rights', dragging into its criminal orbits religious radicalism, racial, national and political bigotry to try and destroy humanistic internationalism, that which humanity was and still is crying out loud for and struggling to achieve…
Christmas 2012 alright, while the Syrian people are crucified by Jihadist bigots armed to their teeth by the most undemocratic and anti-human-rights governments of the Middle East that categorically refused on the onset to negotiate a peaceful solution — as Kofi Anan himself confessed. Alas. the Jihadist terrorists have the 'tacit' but belligerent 'benediction' of the Big Boss, uncle Sam and Co. Ltd, including the so-called 'socialist' President of the country of Marseillaise, while Russia and 'communist' China continue preaching in the wilderness their moto perpetuo appeal for peace negotiations…
Lo and behold, after killing his own mother, a young man of 20 in Connecticut, USA, has just committed a latter-day massacre of the innocents at a school, killing couple of dozens of children mostly aged between six and seven, then killing himself as if emulating a suicidal Jihadist, having acted first as a latter-day mini-king Herod…
Is it too far fetched to visualise this latest massacre in an elementary school in Connecticut as a microcosm of the macrocosm crime facing thousands of Syrian children, not forgetting the staggering 44,000 hungry children dying each day of the year, as if a Hiroshima bomb is unleashed every single day just to kill children?
I do pray for omnipotent time to at least manifest the reality that the spectre of a latter-day Apocalypse in the Middle East is just a bad dream, albeit a mirage of our turbulent times, and not a MISERERE NOBIS, before the Holy Easter 2013.
15 December 2012, London


So excited to have Delia on board she is clairaudient and clairvoyant and use the tarot to link in. Her energy and enthusiasm is infectious. The minute my reading started she launched right in without me saying a word and repeated word for word a conversation I had had with my partner not 12 hours before. She is a brilliant talent and another test reader said Delia started with a general reading and without me having to prompt anything. She was so precise and gave me so much clarity concerning my current situation. I cannot praise her enough!


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text:
Betterman Conference comes to Jacksonville
NFL Hall of Famer Brian Dawkins, Jaguar's New QB Nick Foles, and more will discuss the process of becoming better spiritually, physically and mentally in life.
Author: Brooks Baptiste
This Friday, The Bethel Church in downtown Jacksonville will host the Betterman Conference with NFL Hall of Famer Brian Dawkins, Jaguar's new QB Nick Foles, retired Jaguar Safety Donovin Darius, and Eagles Team Chaplin Ted Winsley.
They'll discuss the process of becoming better spiritually, physically and mentally in every area of life. The Betterman Conference will leave you with a practical, 20-day plan to help transform your life through new or improved habits and disciplines.
Lead pastor of Bethel, Bishop Rudolph McKissick Jr., says this will be a life-changing event and he doesn't take it lightly that it's held at one of the most thriving churches on the First Coast.
"This is a call to the city," McKissick said. "For him to bring it here is honoring, it's humbling, to know that he still remembers his roots."
Dawkins is a long-time member of Bethel and wanted the last stop of the conference to be at his home church.
"We're the mother church, the oldest Baptist church in the city. Where else would you bring it," McKissick said. "We're downtown, we're a lead church, we're centrally located, we're right by the stadium, what better place to have it than Bethel."
With 2018 Super Bowl MVP-winning quarterback, he became the first quarterback in NFL history to post a perfect passer rating and to throw seven in a single game, earning him a spot in the Pro Bowl.
Foles is a husband, father and believer in Jesus. He says he's passionate about sharing his faith and being a positive example for others.
With Foles joining Dawkins on the panel, attendees will have the chance to catch Jacksonville's new quarterback off the field and in action.
For tickets to the event, click here.
The Betterman Conference kicks off Friday, 7 p.m., at The Bethel Church (215 Bethel Baptist Street).
Childcare is available for all children.


text:
Q: Dataframe: Drop columns within a subset when all values in columns are null I am importing a df that has a variable number of columns whose label starts with T
  name  lname  age  T0          T1        T2      T3         othercol
0 john  doe    100  somevalue   34                somevalue
1 jane  doe    99               somevalue         somevalue
2 matt  wright 55   78          somevalue         98

I want to remove all columns that have all null values within the columns that start with T.
I am running this:
In[1]: T_cols = [column for column in df.columns if column.startswith('T')]
In[2]: df.dropna( axis='columns', how='all', subset=T_cols, inplace=True)

I am expecting this result:
  name  lname  age  T0          T1          T3         othercol
0 john  doe    100  somevalue   34          somevalue
1 jane  doe    99               somevalue   somevalue
2 matt  wright 55   78          somevalue   98

instead i get an exception:
  File "/frame.py", line 4285, in dropna
    raise KeyError(list(np.compress(check, subset)))
KeyError: ['T0', 'T1', 'T2', 'T3']

A: According to the documentation, subset refers to a subset of rows if you're dropping columns, and vice versa:
"subset: array-like, optional Labels along other axis to consider, e.g. if you are dropping rows these would be a list of columns to include."
Therefore, you can't drop columns while providing a subset of columns.
Here's a solution that does work:
nan = np.NaN
data = {'name': {0: 'john', 1: 'jane', 2: 'matt'},
 'lname': {0: 'doe', 1: 'doe', 2: 'wright'},
 'age': {0: 100, 1: 99, 2: 55},
 'T0': {0: 'somevalue', 1: nan, 2: '78'},
 'T1': {0: '34', 1: 'somevalue', 2: 'somevalue'},
 'T2': {0: nan, 1: nan, 2: nan},
 'T3': {0: 'somevalue', 1: 'somevalue', 2: '98'},
 'othercol': {0: nan, 1: nan, 2: nan}}

T_cols = [column for column in df.columns if column.startswith('T')]
other_cols = list(frozenset(df.columns) - frozenset(T_cols))
df_no_t = df[other_cols]
df_t = df[T_cols]
df_t.dropna(axis="columns", how = "all", inplace=True)
pd.concat([df_no_t, df_t], axis=1)

The result is:
    age lname   name    othercol    T0          T1          T3
0   100 doe     john    NaN         somevalue   34          somevalue
1   99  doe     jane    NaN         NaN         somevalue   somevalue
2   55  wright  matt    NaN         78          somevalue   98

A: You can try this:
cols = [col for col in df.columns if col.startswith('T')]
filtered_cols = df.loc[:, cols].dropna(axis=1).columns
dropped_cols = [col for col in cols if col not in filtered_cols]
new_cols = [col for col in df if col not in dropped_cols]
print(df[new_cols])

Output:
   name   lname  age         T1         T3  othercol
0  john     doe  100         34  somevalue       NaN
1  jane     doe   99  somevalue  somevalue       NaN
2  matt  wright   55  somevalue         98       NaN

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-004-5629-7
Title: Molecular cloning, DNA sequence analysis, and expression of cDNA sequence of RNA genomic segment 6 (S6) that encodes a viral outer capsid protein of threadfin aquareovirus (TFV)
Authors: Seng, E.K.
Fang, Q.
Sin, Y.M.
Lam, T.J.
Keywords: Cloning
Outer capsid protein
Recombinant protein expression
Threadfin aquareovirus
Issue Date: Mar-2005
Citation: Seng, E.K., Fang, Q., Sin, Y.M., Lam, T.J. (2005-03). Molecular cloning, DNA sequence analysis, and expression of cDNA sequence of RNA genomic segment 6 (S6) that encodes a viral outer capsid protein of threadfin aquareovirus (TFV). Virus Genes 30 (2) : 209-221. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-004-5629-7
Abstract: The genome segment 6 (S6) of threadfin reovirus (TFV) was cloned and sequenced. The entire S6 nucleotide sequence is 2056 bp long with an open reading frame that encodes a protein of 653 amino acids. Sequence analysis of the TFV S6 genome revealed that the 5′-terminal sequence, GTTTTA and the 3′-terminal sequence, ATTCATC of the plus strand is common to other genome segments of TFV. The pentanucleotide, TCATC, at the 3′-terminal of the plus strand was also conserved in other reported isolates of Aquareovirus such as chum salmon reovirus (CSV), striped bass reovirus (SBR), grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and golden shiner reovirus (GSV) as well as to the 10 genome segments of mammalian reovirus (MRV). Blast results indicated that the TFV S6 gene segment sequence had high identity towards the CSV S6 gene sequence, which codes for the CSV outer coat protein. This implied that the TFV S6 gene segment codes for an outer capsid protein (OCP) of the virus. Amino acid sequence analysis of this TFV OCP sequence revealed the presence of a putative conserved asparagine-proline (Asn-Pro) protease cleavage site, which was found in all reported isolates of Aquareovirus as well as in the MRV μ1 protein. N-terminal sequencing of the corresponding S6 native protein obtained from purified TFV particles verified the presence of this cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis of the TFV S6 protein revealed that TFV was closely related to CSV, from Aquareovirus species, ARV-A. Cloning of the TFV S6 gene sequence into an Escherichia coli expression host produced a recombinant protein that corresponded to the predicated size of the OCP of TFV. Immunization of mice using this recombinant outer capsid protein (rOCP) revealed that the protein was able to elicit an antibody response, thus indicating that the rOCP of TFV was immunogenic. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
Source Title: Virus Genes


text:
War studies (23)
World War Two (12)20th century (9)British Army (9)View MoreJournalJournal of the Society for Army Historical Research (1)The Journal of Military History (1)AuthorsBadsey, Stephen (16)Buckley, John (6)Ford, Ken (2)Arnold, James (1)Beckett, Ian F. (1)View MoreYear (Issue Date)2000 - 2009 (21)1990 - 1999 (2)TypesAuthored book (15)Chapter in book (6)Journal article (2)
British Armour in the Normandy Campaign
Buckley, John (Frank Cass Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 2004)
The popular perception of the performance of British armour in the Normandy campaign of 1944 is one of failure and frustration. Despite overwhelming superiority in numbers, Montgomery''s repeated efforts to employ his armour in an offensive manner ended in disappointing stalemate. Indeed, just a week after the D-Day landings, the Germans claimed to have halted an entire British armoured division with one Tiger tank. Most famously of all, in July, despite a heavy preparatory bombardment, three British armoured divisions were repulsed by much weaker German forces to the east of Caen, suffering the loss of over 400 tanks in the process. Explanation of these and other humiliating failures has centred predominantly on the shortcomings of the tanks employed by British formations. Essentially, an orthodoxy has emerged that the roots of failure lay in the comparative weakness of Allied equipment and to a lesser extent in training and doctrine. This new study challenges this view by analysing the reality and level of the supposed failure and the causes behind it. By studying the role of the armoured brigades as well as the divisions, a more complete and balanced analysis is offered in which it is clear that while some technologically based difficulties were encountered, British armoured forces achieved a good deal when employed appropriately. Such difficulties as did occur resulted from British operational techniques, methods of command and leadership and the operating environment in which armour was employed. In addition, the tactics and doctrine employed by both British and German armoured forces resulted in heavy casualties when on the offensive. Ultimately, the experience of the crews and the effects of fighting on their morale is studied to provide a complete picture of the campaign. (Taylor & Francis)
Maritime Air Power in the Second World War: Britain, Japan and the USA
Buckley, John (London: Routledge (Taylor & Francis), 2002)
The 20th century saw air power transformed from novelists' fantasy into stark reality. From string and canvas to precision weaponry and stealth, air power has progressed to become not only the weapon of first political choice, but often the only conceivable option. This rapid development has given rise to considerable debate and controversy with those holding entrenched views rarely slow to shout their case. Many myths have grown over the period, ranging from the once much vaunted ability of air power to win wars alone through to its impact as a coercive tool. This volume examines the theory and practice of air power from its earliest inception. The contributors have been drawn from academia and the military and represent some of the world's leading proponents on the subject. All significant eras on air power employment are examined: some are evidently turning points, while others represent continuous development. Perhaps more importantly, the book highlights the areas that could be considered to be significant, and invites the reader to enter the debate as to whether it constitutes a continuum, a turning point, or indeed a revolution.
Doctrine and Reform in the British Cavalry 1880-1918
Badsey, Stephen (Ashgate Publishing, 2008)
A prevalent view among historians is that both horsed cavalry and the cavalry charge became obviously obsolete in the second half of the nineteenth century in the face of increased infantry and artillery firepower, and that officers of the cavalry clung to both for reasons of prestige and stupidity. It is this view, commonly held but rarely supported by sustained research, that this book challenges. It shows that the achievements of British and Empire cavalry in the First World War, although controversial, are sufficient to contradict the argument that belief in the cavalry was evidence of military incompetence. It offers a case study of how in reality a practical military doctrine for the cavalry was developed and modified over several decades, influenced by wider defence plans and spending, by the experience of combat, by Army politics, and by the rivalries of senior officers. Debate as to how the cavalry was to adjust its tactics in the face of increased infantry and artillery firepower began in the mid nineteenth century, when the increasing size of armies meant a greater need for mobile troops. The cavalry problem was how to deal with a gap in the evolution of warfare between the mass armies of the later nineteenth century and the motorised firepower of the mid twentieth century, an issue that is closely connected with the origins of the deadlock on the Western Front. Tracing this debate, this book shows how, despite serious attempts to 'learn from history', both European-style wars and colonial wars produced ambiguous or disputed evidence as to the future of cavalry, and doctrine was largely a matter of what appeared practical at the time. Contents: Preface; Doctrine and the cavalry 1880–1918; The Wolseley era 1880–1899; The Boer War 1899–1902; The Roberts era 1902–1905; The Haldane era 1905–1914; The First World War 1914–1918; Conclusion; Appendix; Bibliography; Index.
British Armoured Operations in Normandy, June-August 1944
With essays from leading names in military history, this new book re-examines the crucial issues and debates of the D-Day campaign. It tackles a range of core topics, placing them in their current historiographical context, to present new and sometimes revisionist interpretations of key issues, such as the image of the Allied armies compared with the Germans, the role of air power, and the lessons learned by the military from their operations. As the Second World War is increasingly becoming a field of revisionism, this book sits squarely within growing debates, shedding new light on topics and bringing current thinking from our leading military and strategic historians to a wider audience. This book will be of great interest to students of the Second World War, and of military and strategic studies in general. (Routledge)
The Boer War 1899 - 1902 and British Cavalry Doctrine: A Re-evaluation
Badsey, Stephen (Project MUSE, 2007)
Among the important British Army reforms following the Boer War (1899-1902) was the introduction of a longer-range rifle for the cavalry instead of a carbine, and a tactical doctrine including dismounted fire. It remains the view of most historians that the cavalry learned dismounted tactics from their Boer opponents, and that postwar reform of the cavalry was imposed from outside. Senior cavalry officers of the period are viewed as reactionary, and their performance in the First World War judged accordingly. This view is based on a partisan interpretation of the Boer War and the cavalry's role in it, fostered by its contemporary institutional critics. In fact, a cavalry reform movement was introducing dismounted tactics before the Boer War, both sides in the war used mounted and dismounted tactics, and the cavalry's problems were largely those of supply and not of their own making. This has much wider implications for the assessment of British military doctrines up to the end of the First World War.
The British Army in Battle and Its Image 1914-18
Badsey, Stephen (Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd., 2009)
A detailed analysis of the strategy undertaken by the British Army during WWI. In this collection of essays of incomparable scholarship, Stephen Badsey explores in individual detail how the British Army fought in the First World War, how politics and strategy affected its battles and the decisions of senior commanders such as Douglas Haig, and how these issues were intimately intertwined with the mass media portrayal of the Army to itself and to the British people. Informative, provocative, and often entertaining, based on more than a quarter-century of research, these essays on the British Army in the First World War range through topics from a trench raid to modern television comedy. As a contribution to progressive military history, The British Army in Battle and Its Image 1914-1918 proves that the way the British Army fought and its portrayal through the media cannot be separated. It is one of a growing number of studies which show that, far from being in opposition to each other, cultural history and the history of battle must be combined for the First World War to be properly understood.
Into the Reich: Battles on Germany's Western Frontier 1944-1945
Arnold, James; Ford, Ken; Badsey, Stephen (Osprey Publishing, 2002)
This book combines Campaign 5: 'Ardennes 1944', Campaign 24: 'Arnhem 1944', Campaign 74: 'The Rhineland 1945' and Campaign 75: 'Lorraine 1944'. In the aftermath of the German collapse in the west in the summer of 1944, Allied armies rampaged across France and Belgium. A German counter-attack was crushed by General Patton in Lorraine, and Allied armies closed on the borders of the Reich. The Allied plan to end the war at a stroke ended in bloody failure at Arnhem, but a German offensive in the Ardennes, Hitler's last roll of the dice on the western front, proved equally futile. With German forces bled white, the Allies hurled themselves across the River Rhine to bring the crumbling edifice of Hitler's 1,000-year Reich crashing in ruin.
New Wars, New Press, New Country? The British Army, the Expansion of the Empire and the Mass Media 1870-1918
Badsey, Stephen; Beckett, Ian F. (The Society for Army Historical Research, 2007)
The Normandy Campaign 1944: Sixty Years on
Badsey, Stephen (The History Press, 2004)
Unique among the D-Day landing beaches in its dangers, Utah Beach saw the US Army's greatest success, namely landing with the fewest casualties of any of the Allied invasion beaches The landing beach closest to Normandy's largest port, Cherbourg, and regarded by the Germans as the most important Allied objective, Utah was isolated from the other D-Day beaches, meaning that that troops landing there would have to fight alone until a link-up could be achieved. Accordingly, the US First Army committed a powerful landing force, preceded by a night parachute and glider assault, part of the largest night drop ever mounted. Despite wide scattering, the airborne troops secured the critical communications centre of Ste Mere Eglise on D-Day, the first village in Normandy to be liberated. Supported by a devastating air and naval bombardment, although landing on the wrong beach in bad weather, 4th Infantry Division took only 197 casualties out of 23,000 troops that landed on D-Day, and by the early afternoon had begun to link up with the first of the paratroopers.


text:
Bisexual Erasure, Part 2
by Caroline Ervin
Is the concept of sexual fluidity erasing bisexuality? Cristen and Caroline continue their discussion of bisexual erasure happening everywhere from academia to "Orange Is the New Black."
"The Year in Bisexual Invisibility" http://www.advocate.com/year-review/2014/12/30/year-bisexual-invisibility?page=full
"The Scientific Quest to Prove Bisexuality Exists" http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/magazine/the-scientific-quest-to-prove-bisexuality-exists.html?_r=2
"Erasure of Bisexuality" http://www.glaad.org/bisexual/bierasure
"What Is Biphobia?" http://www.bisexualindex.org.uk/index.php/biphobia
"No Bisexuals" http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/NoBisexuals
"Here's the One Simple Reason Why We Need More Openly Bisexual Characters on Television" http://mic.com/articles/97512/here-s-the-one-simple-reason-why-we-need-more-openly-bisexual-characters-on-television
"Bisexuality on TV: It's Getting Better" http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/10/bisexuality-on-tv-its-getting-better/280850/
"It Ain't Easy Being Bisexual on TV" http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/14/no-network-for-bisexual-men-and-women.html
"Bisexuality Is Really Not That Complicated" http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014/03/28/bisexuality_it_s_really_not_that_complicated.html
"5 Ways That Bi Erasure Hurts More Than Just Bisexual People" http://everydayfeminism.com/2014/12/bi-erasure-hurts/
"Legitimate Bisexuality, Presumed Straightness, and Internalizing the Male Gaze" http://feministing.com/2012/08/22/legitimate-bisexuality-presumed-straightness-and-internalizing-the-male-gaze/
"Exploring the Umbrella: Bisexuality and Fluidity" http://www.advocate.com/health/love-and-sex/2014/02/11/exploring-umbrella-bisexuality-and-fluidity
"The epistemic contract of bisexual erasure." Kenji Yoshino. Stanford Law Review. Vol. 52, Iss. 2. Jan. 1, 2000. http://www.kenjiyoshino.com/articles/epistemiccontract.pdf
"Playing with Butler and Foucault: Bisexuality and Queer Theory." April S. Callis. Journal of Bisexuality. Nov. 25, 2009. https://radicalbi.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/playing-with-butler-and-foucault.pdf
"Female Bisexuality from Adolescence to Adulthood: Results from a 10-year Longitudinal Study." Lisa M. Diamond. Developmental Psychology. Vol. 44, No. 1. 2008. http://www.psych.utah.edu/people/files/diamond54a5.pdf
Topics in this Podcast: relationships, pop culture, lgbt, stereotypes, bisexuality


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We offer a variety of Hanes sweatshirts and sweatpants contain the Hanes' EcoSmart polyester fiber, which is made from recycled plastic bottles.
Champion eco sweatshirts and sweatpants are made with recycled polyester fiber, and up to 5% recycled polyester is made from plastic bottles that is environmentally friendly. Champion super-soft fleece is cotton-rich keeping you comfy all day long.
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text:
Everyday Health Skin & Beauty Eczema
The Eczema-ADHD Connection
Research shows a link between atopic eczema and ADHD. Some children with eczema may be at greater risk than others.
By Regina Boyle Wheeler
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Children with eczema could have a higher chance of being diagnosed with ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A growing body of research is showing a significant link between atopic eczema and symptoms of ADHD, especially when the eczema is severe. But exactly how the itchy skin rash and the psychological disorder are related is a chicken or egg question.
"It has long been known that children with eczema have a higher incidence of behavioral disturbances, but we are starting to realize that they are also at greater risk for symptoms of ADHD as well," says Eric Simpson, MD, MCR, associate professor in the department of dermatology at the Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. But he explains that, since current studies have collected health data at only one time point (known as cross-sectional), "we do not know whether eczema causes ADHD or whether ADHD can lead to eczema."
Worldwide, 10 to 20 percent of children have atopic eczema - the most common form of eczema. The majority are diagnosed before age 5. Atopic eczema causes red, sore, itchy rashes. Scratching can cause skin damage, infection, and sleep loss. Children with eczema are also at higher risk of developing asthma and other allergic conditions.
People with ADHD generally have problems staying focused and paying attention. They may act impulsively and could be hyperactive (overactive). The disorder affects between 5 and 8 percent of school-age children and as many as 4 percent of adults. ADHD can cause a host of problems, including school and work difficulties and social and family problems. People with ADHD sometimes have sleep problems as well.
The Research on ADHD, Children and Eczema
Simpson and his team analyzed information from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a review that looked at the health of more than 90,000 American kids under age 17. The researchers found that children diagnosed with atopic eczema were at significantly greater risk for ADHD than those with no eczema.
Overall, 8 percent of children without atopic eczema were also diagnosed with ADHD, compared with 13 percent of children with eczema. Dr. Simpson notes that there was a striking increase in ADHD among kids with more severe eczema. More than a quarter of children with serious eczema also carried an ADHD diagnosis - 28 percent compared to 11 percent of kids with mild eczema and 13 percent of those with moderate disease.
Simpson's findings are stronger but similar to a 2009 German study. Those researchers compared roughly 1,400 children with eczema and an equal number of those without the rash. They found that 5 percent of those with eczema also had ADHD, while only 3 percent of those without eczema had the behavior disorder.
More Questions to Answer
The German researchers had several theories behind the eczema-ADHD connection. One was that atopic eczema occurs before ADHD and leads to sleep loss, which could interfere with concentration and memory and could lead to ADHD or ADHD-like symptoms, Simpson says.
Simpson's research could not make a connection between eczema-related sleep problems and a worsening of ADHD, but, he added, "I think many parents would say the worse the eczema is, the less sleep the child gets, the more irritable the child is, and the more ADHD-type symptoms emerge."
Simpson suggests more information is needed to answer the cause-and-effect question between eczema and ADHD. "We also don't know if the symptoms of ADHD these children experience are actually true ADHD or just a behavioral manifestation of eczema. Therefore, we don't know whether treating one will help the other," he says.
Still, he recommends that if a child develops eczema, parents should seek out aggressive therapy and not shy away from topical anti-inflammatory medication. Says Simpson, "I think there are real risks from the under-treatment of eczema, and ADHD may be one of them, although this has not yet been established." Likewise, if a child with ADHD develops eczema, he says that good eczema treatment should improve sleep and reduce the chances of making the ADHD worse.
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